Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,602 17,627 32,729 3,719 5,077

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 1,567 3,080 482 Q

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 1,496 4,292 557 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 3,035 5,320 597 232

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,565 2,866 4,416 486 577

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 2,765 5,261 484 836

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 2,497 4,128 383 853

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 1,509 3,531 474 894

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 1,892 2,701 Q 1,554

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 1,502 4,873 1,024 1,017

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 244 490 Q Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 492 1,008 Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 461 1,679 Q 626

 Inpatient .................................................... 1,865 1,865 Q 1,174 Q 538

 Outpatient ................................................. 1,053 1,053 431 505 Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 2,112 1,727 Q 517

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 4,273 4,968 319 Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ........................... 4,766 4,615 1,332 2,790 290 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls .......................... 5,631 5,233 2,942 2,178 Q N

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,810 4,334 5,279 720 1,367

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 639 2,065 Q 805

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 Q 470 Q 279

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 321 2,222 Q Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 710 1,657 Q Q

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 2,208 5,160 301 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 174 583 Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 Q 549 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 231 2,292 544 471

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 826 3,258 462 726

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 1,712 4,656 747 954

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 2,039 5,496 717 1,300

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 3,678 5,421 661 704

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 5,433 5,930 329 493

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,600 3,708 5,677 Q 428

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 1,645 4,913 2,803 1,709

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 2,355 11,348 Q 1,411

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,598 9,259 8,815 718 904

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 4,368 7,653 Q 1,053

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............................... 5,890 5,669 427 3,692 816 222

 5,500-7,000 HDD ..................................... 17,083 16,206 2,654 10,175 1,208 1,625

 4,000-5,499 HDD ..................................... 16,243 15,292 3,638 7,148 1,519 2,225

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................. 16,333 14,923 5,619 8,306 Q 576

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............................. 11,788 9,512 5,288 3,409 Q 429

Table B23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Useda

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 76
Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat

Table B23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Useda

All

Buildings

All Buildings 

with Space 

Heating

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 2,259 6,115 788 264

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 1,412 3,539 484 284

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,762 2,527 4,136 336 365

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 3,290 5,671 564 509

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 2,840 4,214 714 546

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 2,201 4,336 479 966

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 3,099 4,719 355 2,143

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 564 2,349 444 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 3,391 6,705 753 632

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 3,642 7,681 1,084 817

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 4,240 5,905 631 785

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 2,526 4,322 485 818

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,432 3,263 5,768 323 1,991

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,565 17,627 32,701 3,711 5,077

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,385 8,437 32,729 888 2,107

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,074 2,710 4,852 3,719 1,578

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 474 284 Q 5,077

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 310 334 Q 2,084

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 1,468 1,360 1,044 Q

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 507 1,104 Q Q

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 17,627 32,729 3,719 5,077

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,361 17,160 30,003 2,912 4,392

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,204 15,562 29,379 3,085 4,519

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,813 7,203 12,286 1,549 2,035

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 894 1,708 Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,643 3,298 5,682 726 1,782

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 N NNNN

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 3,013 3,648 481 Q

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 3,275 5,829 409 837

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 11,339 23,252 2,829 4,176

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 5,009 3,076 Q 588

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 2,281 10,311 821 Q

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 4,788 9,945 683 1,042

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 Q 211 Q 5,077

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 2,171 13,918 2,717 Q

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 10,090 13,958 333 602

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 1,807 1,634 Q Q

a Additionally, buildings comprising 2,107 million square feet used propane; buildings comprising 343 million square feet used wood, coal, or 

some other energy source; and no buildings used solar as a primary space heating energy source.

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 77