Buildings Characteristics

Energy Sources and End Use Tables

(27 pages, 152 kb)

CONTENTS PAGES

Table 18. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 19. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

Table 20. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Table 21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 22. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

Table 23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 24. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

Table 25. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Table 26. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

Table 27. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

Table 28. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995, 1995

These data are from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a

national probability sample survey of commercial buildings sponsored by the Energy Information

Administration, that provides information on the use of energy in commercial buildings in the

United States. The 1995 CBECS was the sixth survey in a series begun in 1979. The data

were collected from a sample of 6,639 buildings representing 4.6 million commercial buildings

and 58.8 billion square feet of commercial floorspace in the U.S. The 1995 data are available

for the four Census regions and nine Census division.

Data provided here are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.

appropriate credit would be appreciated. A suggested citation is “U.S. Department of Energy,

Energy Information Administration, “A Look at Commercial Buildings in 1995: Characteristics,

Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures.”

Electronic Products and Services

Users can view and download selected pages, sections, or entire reports, search for

information, download data and analysis applications, and find out about new information

products and services.

Contact: Martha Johnson, Survey Manager (martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov)

World Wide Web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption

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Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys
Table 18. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

Using Any

Energy

Source

Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat

District

Chilled

Water Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.4 2.3

All Buildings ............................... 4,579 4,364 4,343 2,478 607 110 53 589 126 9.0

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 2,399 2,265 2,252 1,112 333 Q Q 354 82 10.4

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 1,035 977 970 614 96 Q Q 117 Q 15.6

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 745 724 724 474 92 25 Q 89 Q 15.5

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 213 212 211 146 31 18 7 16 Q 11.2

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 115 115 114 82 28 11 5 9 Q 11.4

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 48 47 47 33 14 8 5 3 Q 11.9

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 19 19 19 13 10 4 2 1 Q 13.0

 Over 500,000 ............................. 6 6 6 4 4 1 1 Q Q 13.5

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 309 309 309 204 37 36 26 35 Q 21.3

 Food Sales ................................. 137 137 137 58 Q Q Q Q Q 30.2

 Food Service ............................. 285 285 285 184 Q Q Q 82 Q 19.4

 Health Care ................................ 105 105 105 51 18 4 2 Q Q 26.8

 Lodging ...................................... 158 158 158 110 9 11 Q 27 Q 22.3

 Mercantile and Service .............. 1,289 1,288 1,274 792 223 Q Q 170 78 14.7

 Office ......................................... 705 705 705 438 97 20 5 56 Q 16.4

 Public Assembly ........................ 326 326 326 189 54 9 Q 54 Q 26.0

 Public Order and Safety ............. 87 87 87 37 Q Q Q Q Q 48.8

 Religious Worship ...................... 269 269 269 159 42 Q Q 64 Q 24.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 580 478 477 173 38 Q Q 29 Q 25.2

 Other .......................................... 67 67 67 21 7 Q Q Q Q 53.8

 Vacant ........................................ 261 150 144 61 23 Q Q Q Q 33.5

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 353 335 335 256 70 22 Q Q Q 25.9

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 562 519 508 353 81 20 Q 61 Q 19.3

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 867 845 838 528 142 13 5 76 Q 13.7

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 718 698 695 403 120 23 10 104 Q 16.4

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 813 809 809 444 60 Q Q 122 Q 14.7

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 846 792 792 357 98 7 7 142 Q 17.6

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 218 204 204 92 13 Q Q 29 Q 30.6

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 202 162 162 46 Q Q Q 35 Q 39.0

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 725 707 697 316 282 24 3 170 Q 17.0

 Midwest ...................................... 1,139 1,074 1,074 777 96 35 Q 137 Q 18.7

 South ......................................... 1,750 1,657 1,648 805 196 32 24 220 Q 15.6

 West ........................................... 964 925 925 580 33 18 10 62 Q 19.4

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 493 466 466 265 110 3 Q 117 Q 24.5

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 975 943 936 626 149 30 8 140 Q 15.2

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 1,070 1,012 1,006 490 259 44 16 141 Q 26.1

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 1,103 1,052 1,051 674 52 10 6 117 Q 21.7

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 937 891 885 423 38 Q Q 75 Q 23.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

Using Any

Energy

Source

Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat

District

Chilled

Water Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.4 2.3

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 2,505 2,290 2,274 1,155 324 34 Q 312 97 12.2

 5 to 9 .......................................... 798 798 797 538 79 15 Q 107 Q 19.1

 10 to 19 ...................................... 625 625 625 358 94 Q Q 103 Q 17.0

 20 to 49 ...................................... 400 400 397 261 52 16 8 43 Q 16.7

 50 to 99 ...................................... 138 138 137 90 21 17 8 12 Q 15.2

 100 to 249 .................................. 71 71 71 50 19 8 3 4 Q 14.1

 250 or More ............................... 43 43 43 25 18 9 5 Q Q 16.1

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 899 755 746 343 116 Q Q 121 Q 19.9

 40 to 48 ...................................... 1,257 1,255 1,254 718 162 23 Q 157 Q 14.0

 49 to 60 ...................................... 969 956 950 596 138 23 11 89 Q 16.8

 61 to 84 ...................................... 567 566 566 365 68 12 8 73 Q 18.9

 85 to 167 .................................... 420 407 407 216 44 11 7 75 Q 18.7

 Open Continuously .................... 466 424 421 239 80 32 Q 73 Q 17.7

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ............. 4,025 3,827 3,810 2,190 509 50 19 510 125 9.9

 Owner Occupied ...................... 3,158 3,076 3,062 1,750 453 44 14 434 115 10.7

 Nonowner Occupied ................ 698 672 669 413 54 Q Q 75 Q 17.9

 Unoccupied .............................. 170 79 79 Q Q Q Q Q Q 42.0

 Government Owned ................... 553 537 533 288 98 60 34 79 Q 16.4

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 4,343 4,343 4,343 2,476 595 110 53 589 119 9.0

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,478 2,478 2,476 2,478 155 30 17 105 38 10.5

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 607 607 595 155 607 20 Q 144 Q 18.5

 District Heat ............................... 110 110 110 30 20 110 47 Q Q 26.9

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 53 53 17 Q 47 53 Q Q 32.7

 Propane ..................................... 589 589 589 105 144 Q Q 589 Q 19.7

 Other .......................................... 213 213 206 88 64 Q Q 36 126 26.7

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 4,024 4,024 4,004 2,456 607 109 52 579 126 9.2

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 3,381 3,381 3,376 2,131 388 95 53 431 34 10.3

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 3,486 3,486 3,472 2,201 504 96 49 477 78 9.9

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 828 828 827 549 122 17 10 172 Q 12.6

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 204 204 204 104 17 Q Q 31 Q 32.6

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 247 247 246 159 138 21 7 69 Q 18.8

Energy-Related Space

Functions (more than one may

apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ... 828 828 827 549 122 17 10 172 Q 12.6

 Computer Room ........................ 234 234 234 170 51 21 Q 23 Q 21.6

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water .............. 243 243 243 153 50 10 2 34 Q 24.3

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 19. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Using Any

Energy

Source

Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat

District

Chilled

Water Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.3

All Buildings ............................... 58,772 57,309 57,076 38,145 14,421 5,658 2,521 5,344 699 6.7

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 6,338 6,008 5,953 2,942 946 Q Q 997 195 10.1

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 7,530 7,102 7,061 4,497 679 Q Q 881 Q 15.7

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 11,617 11,310 11,303 7,561 1,425 370 239 1,342 Q 16.1

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 7,676 7,641 7,635 5,242 1,164 651 275 562 Q 12.0

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 7,968 7,925 7,902 5,608 1,968 744 348 637 Q 11.6

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 6,776 6,691 6,599 4,643 2,096 1,119 587 482 Q 12.6

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 5,553 5,550 5,550 3,941 2,928 1,211 557 290 Q 13.5

 Over 500,000 ............................. 5,313 5,082 5,074 3,712 3,215 1,351 432 Q Q 15.0

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 7,740 7,740 7,685 5,800 2,348 1,077 653 876 Q 13.7

 Food Sales ................................. 642 642 642 401 Q Q Q Q Q 25.2

 Food Service ............................. 1,353 1,353 1,353 1,001 Q Q Q 351 Q 22.4

 Health Care ................................ 2,333 2,333 2,333 1,759 1,576 640 403 193 Q 13.0

 Lodging ...................................... 3,618 3,618 3,601 2,828 847 616 Q 347 Q 19.3

 Mercantile and Service .............. 12,728 12,718 12,630 8,520 2,550 Q Q 1,512 397 13.6

 Office ......................................... 10,478 10,475 10,466 6,521 3,554 1,532 568 416 Q 11.6

 Public Assembly ........................ 3,948 3,948 3,929 2,662 1,050 636 372 353 Q 17.1

 Public Order and Safety ............. 1,271 1,271 1,271 746 493 327 Q Q Q 30.9

 Religious Worship ...................... 2,792 2,792 2,792 2,001 441 Q Q 449 Q 20.6

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 8,481 8,037 8,016 4,595 810 Q Q 465 Q 17.4

 Other .......................................... 1,004 1,000 1,000 654 375 170 Q Q Q 37.2

 Vacant ........................................ 2,384 1,382 1,358 658 244 Q Q Q Q 26.2

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 3,673 3,527 3,527 2,643 1,085 556 Q Q Q 19.2

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 6,710 6,284 6,175 4,560 1,241 864 187 414 Q 15.8

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 9,298 9,166 9,123 6,470 1,997 939 322 634 Q 14.5

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 10,858 10,665 10,649 7,170 2,871 1,408 527 1,136 Q 11.7

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 11,333 11,267 11,245 7,375 2,936 965 674 1,130 Q 10.5

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 12,252 11,930 11,909 7,181 3,112 508 400 1,256 Q 11.2

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 2,590 2,555 2,544 1,659 607 258 Q 228 Q 18.0

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 2,059 1,917 1,905 1,087 572 Q Q 398 Q 21.0

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 11,883 11,528 11,444 7,108 5,423 1,768 291 1,689 Q 12.6

 Midwest ...................................... 14,322 13,973 13,887 10,905 2,681 1,902 778 1,093 Q 12.6

 South ......................................... 20,830 20,206 20,158 12,291 4,175 1,038 919 2,012 Q 11.8

 West ........................................... 11,736 11,602 11,587 7,841 2,142 949 533 550 Q 15.5

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 5,098 5,002 4,934 3,399 1,798 267 Q 1,092 Q 18.7

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 14,597 14,402 14,356 10,754 3,724 1,919 624 1,220 Q 13.6

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 15,155 14,623 14,559 9,094 5,250 2,292 632 1,325 Q 14.3

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 13,491 13,285 13,268 9,598 2,343 537 432 978 Q 16.7

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 10,430 9,997 9,960 5,300 1,307 643 726 730 Q 18.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Using Any

Energy

Source

Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat

District

Chilled

Water Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.3

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 13,885 12,426 12,342 6,581 1,674 423 Q 1,510 291 13.0

 5 to 9 .......................................... 6,291 6,291 6,270 4,482 791 303 Q 702 Q 17.3

 10 to 19 ...................................... 7,102 7,102 7,102 4,696 872 258 Q 877 Q 14.5

 20 to 49 ...................................... 9,132 9,132 9,103 6,627 1,436 617 250 780 Q 12.3

 50 to 99 ...................................... 6,931 6,931 6,860 4,762 1,652 713 366 654 Q 12.7

 100 to 249 .................................. 5,988 5,988 5,975 4,286 2,210 886 356 435 Q 13.1

 250 or More ............................... 9,443 9,440 9,425 6,712 5,787 2,458 1,172 387 Q 11.3

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 6,134 4,979 4,932 2,657 710 Q Q 644 Q 16.8

 40 to 48 ...................................... 13,233 13,206 13,142 8,541 1,953 762 350 1,279 Q 14.3

 49 to 60 ...................................... 12,242 12,191 12,134 8,002 2,790 970 409 931 Q 12.5

 61 to 84 ...................................... 10,052 10,037 10,021 7,048 2,785 628 381 944 Q 12.6

 85 to 167 .................................... 6,202 6,175 6,159 3,966 1,502 840 395 627 Q 14.4

 Open Continuously .................... 10,908 10,721 10,688 7,931 4,682 2,320 919 919 Q 10.6

Ownership and Occupancy

 Nongovernment Owned ............. 46,696 45,370 45,225 30,256 10,617 2,789 1,200 4,239 641 8.0

 Owner Occupied ...................... 35,573 35,216 35,111 23,956 9,485 2,482 1,063 3,452 605 8.3

 Nonowner Occupied ................ 9,697 9,558 9,518 6,077 1,101 303 Q 760 Q 16.3

 Unoccupied .............................. 1,426 596 596 Q Q Q Q Q Q 39.6

 Government Owned ................... 12,076 11,940 11,851 7,889 3,805 2,869 1,321 1,105 Q 10.1

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 57,076 57,076 57,076 38,009 14,345 5,646 2,517 5,340 605 6.8

 Natural Gas ................................ 38,145 38,145 38,009 38,145 9,262 2,343 1,287 1,565 259 7.9

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 14,421 14,421 14,345 9,262 14,421 2,174 1,076 1,675 Q 9.8

 District Heat ............................... 5,658 5,658 5,646 2,343 2,174 5,658 2,140 Q Q 12.8

 District Chilled Water ................. 2,521 2,521 2,517 1,287 1,076 2,140 2,521 Q Q 15.3

 Propane ..................................... 5,344 5,344 5,340 1,565 1,675 Q Q 5,344 Q 17.8

 Other .......................................... 2,336 2,336 2,232 1,485 797 303 Q 210 699 21.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 54,347 54,344 54,110 37,950 14,236 5,642 2,479 5,281 699 6.9

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 49,935 49,931 49,785 35,100 12,904 5,128 2,521 4,520 370 7.2

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 51,560 51,556 51,363 36,284 13,959 5,424 2,442 4,934 521 7.1

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 20,713 20,713 20,611 15,968 8,018 2,031 982 2,322 Q 8.4

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 3,893 3,893 3,885 2,542 718 Q Q 521 Q 18.1

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 13,366 13,366 13,347 10,331 9,576 2,434 1,171 1,466 Q 9.6

Energy-Related Space

Functions (more than one may

apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation ... 20,713 20,713 20,611 15,968 8,018 2,031 982 2,322 Q 8.4

 Computer Room ........................ 12,890 12,887 12,821 9,426 5,978 2,507 1,226 796 Q 9.8

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water .............. 6,753 6,753 6,750 5,202 2,945 898 344 629 Q 13.5

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 20. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Energy Used For:

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

Energy Used For:

(more than one may apply)

Space

Heating Cooling

Water

Heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Space

Heating Cooling

Water

Heating Cooking

Manufacturing

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 2.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 2.2

All Buildings ........................... 4,579 4,024 3,381 3,486 828 204 58,772 54,347 49,935 51,560 20,713 3,893 4.8

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ........................ 2,399 2,060 1,650 1,689 339 69 6,338 5,506 4,376 4,617 922 207 7.7

 5,001 to 10,000 ...................... 1,035 899 754 780 175 51 7,530 6,546 5,531 5,652 1,319 357 11.3

 10,001 to 25,000 .................... 745 685 619 644 169 55 11,617 10,706 9,712 10,053 2,731 883 9.8

 25,001 to 50,000 .................... 213 198 187 195 66 15 7,676 7,157 6,760 7,060 2,433 563 7.8

 50,001 to 100,000 .................. 115 111 103 110 42 8 7,968 7,699 7,178 7,611 2,939 560 7.9

 100,001 to 200,000 ................ 48 46 44 45 22 5 6,776 6,456 6,175 6,269 3,028 672 8.9

 200,001 to 500,000 ................ 19 18 18 18 12 Q 5,553 5,371 5,235 5,303 3,482 Q 9.3

 Over 500,000 ......................... 6 66641 5,313 4,906 4,968 4,995 3,859 480 11.4

Principal Building Activity

 Education ............................... 309 309 249 258 113 Q 7,740 7,740 6,741 7,515 4,881 418 11.4

 Food Sales ............................ 137 124 128 125 51 Q 642 609 612 599 351 Q 17.0

 Food Service ........................ 285 274 272 279 241 Q 1,353 1,299 1,310 1,342 1,254 Q 14.2

 Health Care ........................... 105 105 105 105 18 Q 2,333 2,333 2,323 2,327 1,631 Q 17.0

 Lodging .................................. 158 158 126 158 51 Q 3,618 3,608 3,193 3,609 2,064 Q 14.0

 Mercantile and Service .......... 1,289 1,217 916 916 135 69 12,728 12,227 11,086 10,925 4,362 1,067 9.9

 Office ..................................... 705 704 690 678 19 10 10,478 10,458 10,360 10,278 2,750 457 8.4

 Public Assembly .................... 326 310 246 276 109 Q 3,948 3,836 3,394 3,632 1,610 Q 15.0

 Public Order and Safety ........ 87 81 38 69 4 Q 1,271 1,154 856 1,018 260 Q 27.7

 Religious Worship .................. 269 269 223 248 72 Q 2,792 2,791 2,414 2,685 957 Q 15.5

 Warehouse and Storage ........ 580 325 262 251 Q 41 8,481 6,419 5,991 5,845 311 1,047 16.3

 Other ...................................... 67 53 53 43 Q 30 1,004 907 921 893 Q 475 28.4

 Vacant ................................... 261 95 73 81 Q Q 2,384 966 732 892 Q Q 21.3

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ....................... 353 316 260 287 77 Q 3,673 3,429 2,818 3,206 1,272 Q 15.6

 1920 to 1945 .......................... 562 496 382 429 100 32 6,710 5,951 5,038 5,349 1,555 622 12.8

 1946 to 1959 .......................... 867 769 617 656 129 31 9,298 8,701 7,549 8,136 3,177 502 10.7

 1960 to 1969 .......................... 718 652 508 562 147 35 10,858 10,024 8,978 9,722 4,207 524 9.7

 1970 to 1979 .......................... 813 722 688 632 142 36 11,333 10,489 10,389 10,117 4,344 649 8.8

 1980 to 1989 .......................... 846 741 657 667 168 36 12,252 11,462 11,174 11,105 4,301 998 9.3

 1990 to 1992 .......................... 218 189 161 145 42 Q 2,590 2,467 2,345 2,263 1,082 Q 15.7

 1993 to 1995 .......................... 202 141 108 108 23 Q 2,059 1,824 1,644 1,661 774 Q 21.6

Census Region

 Northeast ............................... 725 657 451 602 141 30 11,883 11,180 9,523 10,778 4,634 683 11.6

 Midwest ................................. 1,139 1,006 811 849 176 49 14,322 13,511 12,033 12,517 4,785 1,057 10.1

 South ..................................... 1,750 1,547 1,433 1,250 310 68 20,830 18,900 18,606 17,511 7,173 1,456 7.4

 West ...................................... 964 815 687 785 202 58 11,736 10,756 9,772 10,754 4,121 697 11.6

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ......... 493 443 321 384 96 28 5,098 4,901 4,115 4,499 1,511 476 17.2

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............ 975 877 656 771 157 27 14,597 13,937 11,903 13,291 5,610 701 9.6

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............ 1,070 927 714 822 203 53 15,155 14,147 12,620 13,546 5,758 1,024 13.8

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ....... 1,103 955 887 864 208 45 13,491 12,350 11,981 11,982 4,570 807 13.6

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ....... 937 822 803 645 164 51 10,430 9,014 9,315 8,241 3,263 884 12.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

Energy Used For:

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

Energy Used For:

(more than one may apply)

Space

Heating Cooling

Water

Heating Cooking

Manufacturing

Space

Heating Cooling

Water

Heating Cooking

Manufacturing

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 2.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 2.2

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .......................... 2,505 2,013 1,542 1,587 283 100 13,885 10,663 8,324 8,772 1,609 608 9.1

 5 to 9 ...................................... 798 770 691 705 150 27 6,291 6,086 5,260 5,610 1,272 288 12.2

 10 to 19 .................................. 625 608 549 580 163 21 7,102 6,905 6,449 6,566 1,686 457 10.0

 20 to 49 .................................. 400 390 361 377 135 41 9,132 8,899 8,302 8,763 3,515 884 9.0

 50 to 99 .................................. 138 131 129 127 52 8 6,931 6,642 6,379 6,622 3,362 528 9.3

 100 to 249 .............................. 71 69 69 69 24 5 5,988 5,880 5,872 5,903 2,825 515 9.8

 250 or More ........................... 43 43 41 42 20 2 9,443 9,272 9,349 9,324 6,444 612 12.0

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ........................... 899 620 399 466 92 Q 6,134 4,032 2,845 3,290 872 Q 13.2

 40 to 48 .................................. 1,257 1,207 1,047 1,035 144 97 13,233 12,672 11,401 11,585 2,806 1,237 8.7

 49 to 60 .................................. 969 907 795 742 104 49 12,242 11,658 10,897 10,765 3,379 922 9.6

 61 to 84 .................................. 567 541 446 494 180 21 10,052 9,635 9,212 9,535 5,017 592 10.3

 85 to 167 ................................ 420 366 344 375 212 9 6,202 5,880 5,644 5,928 3,064 301 10.4

 Open Continuously ................ 466 385 350 375 96 8 10,908 10,469 9,936 10,457 5,575 671 10.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ............................... 4,343 4,004 3,376 3,472 827 204 57,076 54,110 49,785 51,363 20,611 3,885 4.8

 Natural Gas ........................... 2,478 2,456 2,131 2,201 549 104 38,145 37,950 35,100 36,284 15,968 2,542 5.6

 Fuel Oil .................................. 607 607 388 504 122 17 14,421 14,236 12,904 13,959 8,018 718 11.2

 District Heat ........................... 110 109 95 96 17 Q 5,658 5,642 5,128 5,424 2,031 Q 16.8

 District Chilled Water ............. 53 52 53 49 10 Q 2,521 2,479 2,521 2,442 982 Q 21.3

 Propane ................................. 589 579 431 477 172 31 5,344 5,281 4,520 4,934 2,322 521 15.5

 Other ...................................... 213 210 107 158 30 Q 2,336 2,312 1,943 2,024 945 Q 20.8

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating 4,024 4,024 3,326 3,418 804 181 54,347 54,347 49,090 50,796 20,338 3,689 4.9

 Buildings with Cooling ........... 3,381 3,326 3,381 2,968 724 165 49,935 49,090 49,935 47,249 19,465 3,587 4.8

 Buildings with Water Heating 3,486 3,418 2,968 3,486 816 169 51,560 50,796 47,249 51,560 20,632 3,666 4.9

 Buildings with Cooking .......... 828 804 724 816 828 27 20,713 20,338 19,465 20,632 20,713 1,004 6.4

 Buildings with Manufacturing 204 181 165 169 27 204 3,893 3,689 3,587 3,666 1,004 3,893 14.4

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ............................ 247 246 206 238 65 8 13,366 13,165 12,986 13,239 8,345 594 9.9

Energy-Related Space

Functions (more than one

may apply)

 Commercial Food Preparation 828 804 724 816 828 27 20,713 20,338 19,465 20,632 20,713 1,004 6.4

 Computer Room .................... 234 231 234 230 55 25 12,890 12,731 12,890 12,726 6,634 1,130 9.4

 Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water .......... 243 233 200 243 84 3 6,753 6,658 6,354 6,753 4,632 255 12.5

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.4

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 4,024 1,467 2,211 504 109 301 103 9.1

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 2,060 687 1,019 312 Q 205 Q 10.7

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 899 330 559 81 Q 53 Q 16.4

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 685 296 398 73 25 33 Q 16.7

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 198 82 125 17 17 6 Q 12.2

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 111 45 69 12 11 3 Q 12.0

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 46 16 28 6 8 Q Q 12.4

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 18 8 10 3 4 Q Q 13.6

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 6 3 3 1 1Q Q 15.7

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 309 96 180 26 36 11 Q 22.2

 Food Sales .................................... 137 124 63 44 QQQQ 29.0

 Food Service ................................ 285 274 115 140 QQQQ 22.4

 Health Care ................................... 105 105 53 42 11 4 Q Q 33.5

 Lodging ......................................... 158 158 93 66 Q 11 Q Q 23.0

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 1,217 355 732 210 Q 69 63 15.2

 Office ............................................ 705 704 285 412 72 20 Q Q 17.2

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 310 85 185 46 9 Q Q 27.7

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 81 21 29 QQQQ 50.8

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 269 96 145 41 Q Q Q 25.2

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 325 136 168 29 Q 25 Q 28.5

 Other ............................................. 67 53 36 14 QQQQ 62.2

 Vacant ........................................... 261 95 34 54 16 Q Q Q 31.7

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 316 53 230 62 22 Q Q 28.0

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 496 112 335 70 20 Q Q 21.0

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 769 244 473 133 13 29 Q 15.1

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 652 219 347 91 23 49 Q 17.1

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 722 296 395 45 Q 53 Q 15.8

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 741 385 306 73 7 100 Q 17.2

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 189 99 81 QQQQ 29.1

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 141 60 43 QQQQ 41.2

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 657 150 250 267 24 60 Q 19.4

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 1,006 220 747 67 35 84 Q 19.3

 South ............................................ 1,750 1,547 730 694 160 32 143 Q 15.1

 West .............................................. 964 815 367 521 Q 18 Q Q 18.9

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 493 443 131 248 89 3 62 Q 23.5

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 975 877 172 601 131 30 55 Q 16.4

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 1,070 927 302 417 229 44 81 Q 25.7

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 1,103 955 427 594 29 10 68 Q 23.9

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 937 822 435 351 26 Q Q Q 24.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.4

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 2,013 621 1,046 305 34 192 76 13.1

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 770 270 494 62 15 43 Q 20.0

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 608 269 324 91 Q 37 Q 18.0

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 390 199 207 25 16 19 Q 16.9

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 131 54 78 10 17 Q Q 16.2

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 69 33 41 7 8 Q Q 14.7

 250 or More .................................. 43 43 21 20 5 9 Q Q 20.7

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 620 168 312 109 Q 84 Q 19.7

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 1,207 483 683 129 23 70 Q 15.3

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 907 324 525 124 23 44 Q 16.7

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 541 203 328 53 12 18 Q 19.5

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 366 122 188 32 11 51 Q 20.4

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 385 168 175 58 32 34 Q 19.6

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 3,061 2,774 974 1,635 302 93 170 Q 10.2

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 639 572 222 224 118 Q 76 Q 22.2

 Metal Panels ................................. 662 480 190 253 66 Q 49 Q 20.7

 Concrete Panels ........................... 106 98 49 48 Q 5 Q Q 30.3

 Window Glass ............................... 46 46 12 33 Q 2 Q Q 48.9

 Other ............................................. 50 40 19 QQQQQ 56.9

 No One Major Type ...................... 15 14 QQQQQQ 94.6

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 1,369 1,257 444 803 89 61 36 Q 15.9

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 1,486 1,386 453 646 247 20 172 Q 14.9

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 908 672 279 342 92 Q 61 Q 17.0

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 351 334 122 194 43 16 16 Q 20.9

 Slate or Tile ................................... 202 173 86 98 23 9 Q Q 29.3

 Wooden Materials ......................... 152 123 47 76 QQQQ 44.5

 Concrete ....................................... 58 40 28 QQQQQ 56.5

 Other ............................................. 36 23 QQQQQQ 85.1

 No One Major Type ...................... QQQQQQQQ 100.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 4,004 1,467 2,209 492 109 301 96 9.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 2,456 559 2,211 81 29 Q Q 10.2

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 607 172 96 504 20 23 Q 22.1

 District Heat .................................. 110 109 9 7 Q 109 Q Q 27.0

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 52 5 6 Q 46 Q Q 40.8

 Propane ........................................ 589 579 191 91 133 Q 301 Q 20.2

 Other ............................................. 213 210 47 57 60 Q Q 103 27.0

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 1,007 1,007 1,007 82 QQQQ 18.6

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,106 2,106 302 2,106 21 Q Q Q 11.9

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 439 439 91 9 439 Q Q Q 28.6

 District Heat .................................. 107 107 9 5 Q 107 Q Q 28.2

 Propane ........................................ 260 260 50 Q Q Q 260 Q 27.5

 Other ............................................. 61 61 QQQQQQ 58.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.4

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 3,293 3,238 1,306 1,884 288 66 216 Q 9.6

 Natural Gas ................................... 65 65 15 64 1 Q Q Q 43.2

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 52 5 6 Q 46 Q Q 40.8

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 1,684 1,643 878 604 219 26 149 Q 14.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,577 1,555 366 1,386 57 19 Q Q 14.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 120 120 31 4 117 Q Q Q 38.8

 District Heat .................................. 54 53 5 2 Q 53 Q Q 30.2

 Propane ........................................ 110 103 41 Q Q Q 62 Q 36.7

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 487 473 232 217 59 6 50 Q 18.6

 Natural Gas ................................... 448 438 121 350 26 10 Q Q 18.5

 Propane ........................................ 123 117 62 Q 30 Q 62 Q 29.7

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 4,024 1,467 2,211 504 109 301 103 9.1

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 3,326 1,319 1,932 299 95 222 Q 9.6

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 3,418 1,278 1,936 408 95 220 70 10.0

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 804 314 436 92 17 74 Q 13.8

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 181 96 79 QQQQ 33.2

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 246 86 127 69 21 Q Q 23.3

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20.9

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 555 234 249 84 Q 30 Q 21.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 633 242 394 81 7 26 Q 18.7

 100 ................................................ 2,836 2,836 991 1,567 340 101 245 51 10.2

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 394 391 56 36 2 Q Q 20.4

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 1,676 395 1,180 214 Q 168 Q 12.6

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 1,188 603 670 146 9 114 Q 14.4

 District Heat .................................. 115 115 10 7 Q 109 Q Q 26.4

 Boilers ........................................... 610 610 138 381 212 Q 27 Q 17.3

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 1,031 465 631 27 4 58 Q 17.1

 Other ............................................. 161 161 94 54 37 3 Q Q 30.6

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 22. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.9 3.4

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 54,347 22,156 31,535 6,606 5,606 2,025 509 7.9

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 5,506 1,850 2,689 894 Q 537 Q 11.0

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 6,546 2,419 4,069 587 Q 415 Q 17.0

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 10,706 4,544 6,359 1,061 370 504 Q 16.5

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 7,157 2,925 4,460 614 635 202 Q 13.1

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 7,699 3,148 4,744 802 744 214 Q 12.3

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 6,456 2,349 3,883 808 1,083 Q Q 13.7

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 5,371 2,414 2,968 1,008 1,211 Q Q 15.0

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 4,906 2,506 2,363 832 1,351 Q Q 17.4

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 7,740 2,106 4,650 1,612 1,077 169 Q 14.5

 Food Sales .................................... 642 609 260 330 QQQQ 26.7

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 1,299 482 765 QQQQ 27.2

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 2,333 926 1,252 553 605 Q Q 15.9

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 3,608 2,054 1,791 Q 616 Q Q 20.1

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 12,227 5,636 7,064 1,383 Q 463 333 14.7

 Office ............................................ 10,478 10,458 5,049 5,386 970 1,532 Q Q 12.7

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 3,836 1,171 2,396 371 636 Q Q 19.8

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 1,154 244 620 304 327 Q Q 33.1

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 2,791 1,034 1,727 406 Q Q Q 21.8

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 6,419 2,586 4,421 474 Q 241 Q 19.7

 Other ............................................. 1,004 907 289 529 Q 170 Q Q 40.0

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 966 320 606 162 Q Q Q 30.0

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 3,429 726 2,118 851 556 Q Q 22.1

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 5,951 1,656 3,958 793 864 Q Q 17.5

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 8,701 2,881 5,493 1,222 936 153 Q 15.3

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 10,024 3,392 5,953 1,558 1,386 402 Q 13.3

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 10,489 4,886 5,995 1,050 965 390 Q 11.6

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 11,462 6,457 5,766 806 492 641 Q 13.6

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 2,467 1,399 1,329 Q 258 Q Q 19.9

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 1,824 759 923 QQQQ 23.9

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 11,180 3,081 5,043 3,856 1,765 540 Q 14.6

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 13,511 4,058 9,826 1,018 1,902 401 Q 13.5

 South ............................................ 20,830 18,900 9,971 9,805 1,540 1,006 959 Q 13.6

 West .............................................. 11,736 10,756 5,046 6,861 192 933 124 Q 20.2

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 5,098 4,901 1,471 3,219 1,288 267 393 Q 19.9

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 14,597 13,937 3,970 9,602 1,610 1,919 385 Q 15.6

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 15,155 14,147 5,350 6,812 3,148 2,267 550 Q 15.6

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 13,491 12,350 5,836 8,152 375 537 Q Q 20.0

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 10,430 9,014 5,528 3,750 185 617 Q Q 19.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.9 3.4

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 10,663 3,502 5,816 1,512 407 803 217 13.8

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 6,086 2,251 3,886 520 303 309 Q 18.7

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 6,905 2,862 4,163 750 258 268 Q 16.3

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 8,899 3,643 5,507 742 617 222 Q 13.1

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 6,642 2,533 4,086 662 704 Q Q 13.8

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 5,880 2,861 3,361 910 864 Q Q 14.2

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 9,272 4,504 4,716 1,509 2,454 Q Q 12.5

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 4,032 1,102 2,344 607 Q 442 Q 17.8

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 12,672 5,214 7,678 1,122 762 490 Q 15.1

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 11,658 4,550 6,729 1,465 970 357 Q 13.7

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 9,635 4,929 5,662 933 628 182 Q 13.6

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 5,880 1,904 3,418 651 840 245 Q 15.9

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 10,469 4,457 5,705 1,827 2,285 309 Q 11.5

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 42,958 40,217 16,089 23,584 4,887 4,365 1,344 Q 8.7

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 3,243 2,919 1,167 1,307 642 Q 284 Q 26.1

 Metal Panels ................................. 5,694 4,559 1,830 2,958 622 Q 269 Q 17.2

 Concrete Panels ........................... 4,069 3,932 1,939 2,308 189 550 Q Q 18.5

 Window Glass ............................... 1,755 1,754 700 923 Q 335 Q Q 22.5

 Other ............................................. 660 603 322 261 QQQQ 30.3

 No One Major Type ...................... 393 363 QQQQQQ 65.9

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 24,481 23,087 9,351 13,589 2,442 2,956 333 Q 11.2

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 11,093 10,450 3,873 5,482 1,557 543 848 Q 13.8

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 7,941 6,463 2,885 3,847 636 Q 448 Q 14.9

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 10,235 10,099 4,075 6,233 1,592 1,434 315 Q 12.5

 Slate or Tile ................................... 1,920 1,765 736 888 258 322 Q Q 22.7

 Wooden Materials ......................... 1,130 985 344 662 QQQQ 44.2

 Concrete ....................................... 1,335 903 641 491 QQQQ 36.7

 Other ............................................. 332 290 QQQQQQ 46.8

 No One Major Type ...................... 305 305 QQQQQQ 55.8

Energy Sources (more than one

may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 54,110 22,156 31,411 6,550 5,595 2,021 472 8.0

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 37,950 12,499 31,535 3,320 2,308 257 Q 9.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 14,236 5,396 6,421 6,606 2,148 327 Q 11.9

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 5,642 1,049 627 466 5,606 Q Q 18.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,479 621 377 Q 2,110 Q Q 22.2

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 5,281 2,027 1,417 1,323 Q 2,025 Q 18.9

 Other ............................................. 2,336 2,312 575 1,020 513 303 Q 509 23.5

Primary Space-Heating Energy

Source

 Electricity ...................................... 13,500 13,500 13,500 2,044 267 Q Q Q 15.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 28,808 28,808 6,526 28,808 1,613 Q 214 Q 10.0

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 4,207 4,207 764 238 4,207 Q Q Q 24.7

 District Heat .................................. 5,289 5,289 852 382 319 5,289 Q Q 19.7

 Propane ........................................ 1,545 1,545 373 Q Q Q 1,545 Q 30.6

 Other ............................................. 514 514 QQQQQQ 48.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Space-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas Fuel Oil

District

Heat Propane Wood

0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.9 3.4

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 47,761 46,934 20,699 28,273 5,111 3,821 1,620 Q 8.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 1,314 1,312 435 1,176 254 Q Q Q 29.8

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,479 621 377 Q 2,110 Q Q 22.2

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 23,056 22,445 13,334 10,129 2,303 1,182 1,189 Q 12.8

 Natural Gas ................................... 24,859 24,684 7,931 21,367 2,159 729 Q Q 10.2

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 2,151 2,150 409 332 2,035 Q Q Q 28.1

 District Heat .................................. 3,949 3,933 648 348 Q 3,901 Q Q 22.2

 Propane ........................................ 1,020 982 520 Q Q Q 479 Q 27.7

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 12,249 11,951 6,397 6,512 1,738 1,254 413 Q 13.5

 Natural Gas ................................... 13,195 13,080 5,244 9,395 1,856 1,254 Q Q 11.1

 Propane ........................................ 1,480 1,451 682 Q 606 Q 475 Q 28.8

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 54,347 22,156 31,535 6,606 5,606 2,025 509 8.0

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 49,090 21,131 29,106 5,285 5,076 1,642 Q 8.1

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 50,796 20,872 29,727 6,227 5,373 1,781 380 8.4

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 20,338 9,189 11,803 3,145 2,005 664 Q 9.8

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 3,689 1,718 2,009 401 Q Q Q 20.1

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 13,165 5,565 7,433 2,718 2,412 362 Q 11.2

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 6,227 3,108 3,282 479 Q 247 Q 20.9

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 8,868 4,183 5,079 1,309 748 173 Q 15.8

 100 ................................................ 39,252 39,252 14,864 23,175 4,817 4,793 1,606 228 8.8

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 5,843 5,815 1,948 531 252 Q Q 15.0

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 14,923 4,839 11,369 1,633 Q 964 Q 11.5

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 16,809 9,535 11,128 1,653 1,046 742 Q 12.9

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 5,911 1,087 640 468 5,606 Q Q 18.6

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 16,754 4,855 12,801 4,629 Q 415 Q 10.1

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 16,893 8,898 11,200 827 378 515 Q 12.0

 Other ............................................. 6,249 6,249 4,152 2,824 1,074 873 Q Q 18.5

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Used

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas

Fuel

Oil

District

Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.9

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 4,024 1,007 2,106 439 107 260 8.3

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 2,060 522 982 285 Q 181 9.9

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 899 199 546 69 Q 42 15.6

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 685 193 367 59 25 31 15.3

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 198 49 113 14 16 4 11.3

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 111 28 61 8 10 Q 11.0

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 46 10 25 3 8 Q 12.5

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 18 4 9 Q 4 Q 12.8

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 6 2 2Q 1Q 16.1

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 309 67 173 22 35 Q 20.6

 Food Sales .................................... 137 124 58 43 Q Q Q 26.1

 Food Service ................................ 285 274 85 134 Q Q Q 20.5

 Health Care ................................... 105 105 50 40 Q 4 Q 30.4

 Lodging ......................................... 158 158 77 59 Q 11 Q 21.1

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 1,217 227 704 169 Q 61 14.3

 Office ............................................ 705 704 204 391 60 20 Q 16.1

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 310 51 176 Q 9 Q 25.9

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 81 Q 28 Q Q Q 46.5

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 269 35 137 40 Q Q 24.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 325 91 161 Q Q Q 25.0

 Other ............................................. 67 53 Q 13 Q Q Q 60.7

 Vacant ........................................... 261 95 Q 48 Q Q Q 33.2

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 316 15 223 45 22 Q 26.0

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 496 54 324 68 20 Q 20.7

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 769 134 456 124 12 Q 13.2

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 652 146 334 81 23 48 15.9

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 722 241 378 24 Q 43 15.3

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 741 297 270 70 7 90 15.5

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 189 72 79 Q Q Q 26.6

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 141 48 42 Q Q Q 37.2

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 657 57 236 247 24 52 17.3

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 1,006 101 736 Q 35 73 18.0

 South ............................................ 1,750 1,547 574 648 141 31 122 14.4

 West .............................................. 964 815 275 487 Q 18 Q 17.2

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 493 443 Q 242 85 3 57 20.1

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 975 877 73 587 109 29 51 15.4

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 1,070 927 206 400 193 43 62 24.3

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 1,103 955 310 550 Q 10 Q 19.9

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 937 822 386 327 Q Q Q 20.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Used

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas

Fuel

Oil

District

Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.9

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 2,013 459 994 276 34 174 12.5

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 770 168 482 54 15 Q 18.6

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 608 173 317 73 Q Q 16.8

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 390 145 189 22 16 Q 14.4

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 131 33 70 8 16 Q 14.5

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 69 20 36 4 8 Q 14.4

 250 or More .................................. 43 43 9 18 1 9 Q 18.0

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 620 114 287 102 Q 83 18.1

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 1,207 331 659 105 23 55 14.8

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 907 208 506 112 22 36 15.7

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 541 143 313 50 12 Q 17.6

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 366 89 178 30 10 Q 18.3

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 385 121 163 40 31 Q 19.1

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 3,061 2,774 640 1,571 280 92 137 9.7

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 639 572 162 207 102 Q 70 20.2

 Metal Panels ................................. 662 480 134 236 47 Q 47 19.2

 Concrete Panels ........................... 106 98 41 45 Q 4 Q 28.4

 Window Glass ............................... 46 46 Q 32 Q 2 Q 42.9

 Other ............................................. 50 40 17 QQQQ 51.7

 No One Major Type ...................... 15 14 QQQQQ 88.8

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 1,369 1,257 294 772 76 59 Q 13.7

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 1,486 1,386 319 618 216 20 153 13.9

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 908 672 191 324 80 Q 58 15.5

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 351 334 82 185 Q 15 Q 17.3

 Slate or Tile ................................... 202 173 61 80 22 9 Q 26.6

 Wooden Materials ......................... 152 123 Q 75 Q Q Q 41.6

 Concrete ....................................... 58 40 20 QQQQ 50.5

 Other ............................................. 36 23 QQQQQ 79.8

 No One Major Type ...................... QQQQQQQ 100.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 4,004 1,007 2,105 427 107 259 8.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 2,456 240 2,106 58 28 Q 10.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 607 38 83 439 19 Q 21.0

 District Heat .................................. 110 109 Q Q Q 107 Q 23.4

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 52 Q 4 Q 45 Q 39.3

 Propane ........................................ 589 579 88 90 124 Q 260 19.0

 Other ............................................. 213 210 21 47 Q Q Q 35.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Used

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas

Fuel

Oil

District

Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.9

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 4,024 1,007 2,106 439 107 260 8.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 3,326 913 1,836 255 93 183 9.2

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 3,418 871 1,841 356 93 179 8.8

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 804 220 410 83 16 62 12.8

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 181 66 76 Q Q Q 30.4

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 246 45 112 57 20 Q 22.4

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 554 -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.6

 1 to 50 ........................................... 555 555 179 230 76 Q 29 19.0

 51 to 99 ......................................... 633 633 138 379 69 6 Q 16.2

 100 ................................................ 2,836 2,836 689 1,497 294 100 212 9.0

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 394 394 325 35 Q 2 Q 18.2

 Furnaces ....................................... 1,676 1,676 161 1,141 188 Q 147 12.2

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 1,188 1,188 328 613 122 8 99 13.7

 District Heat .................................. 115 115 Q 2 Q 107 Q 30.0

 Boilers ........................................... 610 610 18 371 183 Q Q 16.1

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 1,031 1,031 346 596 23 3 49 16.2

 Other ............................................. 161 161 52 51 29 3 Q 29.3

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary

for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 24. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Used

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas

Fuel

Oil

District

Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.3 2.3

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 54,347 13,500 28,808 4,207 5,289 1,545 6.9

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 5,506 1,399 2,602 808 Q 468 9.6

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 6,546 1,442 3,981 488 Q 332 15.3

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 10,706 2,973 5,865 874 370 475 14.4

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 7,157 1,775 4,054 508 594 142 11.5

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 7,699 1,976 4,202 566 737 Q 11.0

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 6,456 1,367 3,503 422 1,051 Q 13.1

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 5,371 1,161 2,601 Q 1,154 Q 13.9

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 4,906 1,407 1,999 Q 1,171 Q 17.6

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 7,740 886 4,323 1,190 1,034 Q 12.8

 Food Sales .................................... 642 609 242 308 Q Q Q 23.4

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 1,299 322 742 Q Q Q 24.9

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 2,333 405 1,144 Q 571 Q 15.8

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 3,608 1,456 1,442 Q 585 Q 17.8

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 12,227 3,824 6,526 959 Q 386 13.1

 Office ............................................ 10,478 10,458 3,537 4,828 455 1,477 Q 11.1

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 3,836 533 2,179 Q 574 Q 18.3

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 1,154 Q 592 Q 246 Q 32.4

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 2,791 391 1,582 396 Q Q 21.1

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 6,419 1,422 4,173 308 Q Q 19.8

 Other ............................................. 1,004 907 169 474 Q 159 Q 38.6

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 966 Q 494 Q Q Q 28.0

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 3,429 185 2,008 565 556 Q 20.7

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 5,951 667 3,626 640 825 Q 17.2

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 8,701 1,405 5,173 888 882 Q 14.4

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 10,024 1,704 5,445 1,018 1,303 368 12.3

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 10,489 3,286 5,396 434 919 286 11.3

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 11,462 4,903 5,093 451 443 509 12.2

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 2,467 884 1,226 Q 212 Q 17.9

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 1,824 467 842 Q Q Q 21.0

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 11,180 1,099 4,696 3,020 1,600 435 12.4

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 13,511 1,549 9,293 Q 1,839 313 12.0

 South ............................................ 20,830 18,900 7,403 8,728 802 945 713 13.1

 West .............................................. 11,736 10,756 3,449 6,091 Q 905 Q 15.0

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................ 5,098 4,901 322 3,020 875 250 302 17.9

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................... 14,597 13,937 1,385 9,063 1,133 1,776 330 13.7

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................... 15,155 14,147 3,127 6,150 1,972 2,176 357 14.2

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 13,491 12,350 3,888 7,356 Q 524 Q 15.6

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............. 10,430 9,014 4,778 3,218 Q 562 Q 18.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Used

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas

Fuel

Oil

District

Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.3 2.3

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 10,663 2,417 5,445 1,398 407 718 13.0

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 6,086 1,257 3,699 430 303 Q 16.4

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 6,905 1,858 3,981 546 258 Q 15.1

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 8,899 2,380 5,064 578 617 147 11.8

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 6,642 1,601 3,543 522 644 Q 12.7

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 5,880 1,439 2,995 458 827 Q 13.9

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 9,272 2,548 4,081 275 2,233 Q 13.1

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 4,032 617 2,183 555 Q 424 15.6

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 12,672 3,332 7,149 831 726 361 14.1

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 11,658 2,923 6,235 1,106 945 279 12.6

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 9,635 3,066 5,110 650 579 Q 12.4

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 5,880 1,158 3,078 436 820 Q 14.1

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 10,469 2,405 5,052 630 2,097 Q 11.6

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ........................................ 42,958 40,217 9,536 21,672 3,207 4,179 988 8.1

 Siding or Shingles ......................... 3,243 2,919 795 1,128 500 Q 241 22.2

 Metal Panels ................................. 5,694 4,559 1,048 2,746 319 Q 243 16.2

 Concrete Panels ........................... 4,069 3,932 1,267 2,040 Q 488 Q 16.7

 Window Glass ............................... 1,755 1,754 531 852 Q 288 Q 19.3

 Other ............................................. 660 603 240 218 Q Q Q 27.0

 No One Major Type ...................... 393 363 QQQQQ 60.5

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ......................................... 24,481 23,087 5,871 12,256 1,483 2,775 241 10.5

 Shingles (Not Wood) ..................... 11,093 10,450 2,568 5,108 1,224 536 734 12.5

 Metal Surfacing ............................. 7,941 6,463 1,715 3,579 558 Q 373 13.1

 Synthetic or Rubber ...................... 10,235 10,099 2,135 5,655 649 1,311 Q 11.2

 Slate or Tile ................................... 1,920 1,765 427 772 238 322 Q 19.7

 Wooden Materials ......................... 1,130 985 Q 657 Q Q Q 40.7

 Concrete ....................................... 1,335 903 346 448 Q Q Q 32.8

 Other ............................................. 332 290 QQQQQ 43.0

 No One Major Type ...................... 305 305 QQQQQ 51.2

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 54,110 13,500 28,686 4,152 5,277 1,541 6.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 37,950 5,427 28,808 1,358 2,037 Q 8.3

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 14,236 2,238 5,479 4,207 1,892 Q 10.5

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 5,642 Q Q Q 5,289 Q 12.6

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,479 Q 261 Q 1,997 Q 20.2

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 5,281 968 1,366 1,142 Q 1,545 16.9

 Other ............................................. 2,336 2,312 188 922 Q 300 Q 28.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995 

 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with

Space

Heating

Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Used

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity

Natural

Gas

Fuel

Oil

District

Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.3 2.3

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 54,347 13,500 28,808 4,207 5,289 1,545 7.0

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 49,090 12,959 26,440 3,076 4,759 1,184 7.4

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 50,796 12,586 27,119 3,873 5,055 1,304 7.1

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 20,338 5,440 10,627 1,670 1,737 488 9.1

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 3,689 1,086 1,861 Q Q Q 18.9

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 13,165 2,965 6,500 1,160 2,162 Q 10.7

Percent of Floorspace

Heated

 Not Heated .................................... 4,425 -- -- -- -- -- -- 23.4

 1 to 50 ........................................... 6,227 6,227 2,282 3,002 428 Q 221 18.3

 51 to 99 ......................................... 8,868 8,868 2,532 4,544 831 708 Q 14.7

 100 ................................................ 39,252 39,252 8,687 21,262 2,948 4,515 1,229 7.5

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Heat Pumps .................................. 5,843 5,843 3,949 1,332 Q 229 Q 13.9

 Furnaces ....................................... 14,923 14,923 2,088 10,473 1,229 Q 847 10.5

 Individual Space Heaters .............. 16,809 16,809 4,452 9,777 925 973 520 11.8

 District Heat .................................. 5,911 5,911 Q 252 Q 5,289 Q 18.0

 Boilers ........................................... 16,754 16,754 1,048 12,095 2,893 Q Q 9.3

 Packaged Heating Units ............... 16,893 16,893 5,910 9,891 287 314 362 12.0

 Other ............................................. 6,249 6,249 2,299 2,470 395 730 Q 18.0

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary

for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 25. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooling

Cooling Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooling

Cooling Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

Electricity

Natural

Gas

District

Chilled

Water Electricity

Natural

Gas

District

Chilled

Water

0.6 0.7 0.7 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.1 1.5

All Buildings ............................... 4,579 3,381 3,293 65 53 58,772 49,935 47,761 1,314 2,521 6.9

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 2,399 1,650 1,614 Q Q 6,338 4,376 4,294 Q Q 8.2

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 1,035 754 740 Q Q 7,530 5,531 5,413 Q Q 14.1

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 745 619 597 19 Q 11,617 9,712 9,410 270 239 14.1

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 213 187 181 Q 7 7,676 6,760 6,528 Q 275 11.7

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 115 103 98 Q 5 7,968 7,178 6,761 Q 348 10.8

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 48 44 41 Q 5 6,776 6,175 5,743 Q 587 11.6

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 19 18 17 1 2 5,553 5,235 4,949 232 557 11.8

 Over 500,000 ............................. 6 6 5 Q 1 5,313 4,968 4,663 Q 432 14.8

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 309 249 234 Q 26 7,740 6,741 6,263 Q 653 16.5

 Food Sales ................................. 137 128 122 Q Q 642 612 597 Q Q 22.7

 Food Service ............................. 285 272 265 Q Q 1,353 1,310 1,288 Q Q 19.9

 Health Care ................................ 105 105 103 1 2 2,333 2,323 2,168 152 403 16.7

 Lodging ...................................... 158 126 124 Q Q 3,618 3,193 3,021 Q Q 19.2

 Mercantile and Service .............. 1,289 916 885 24 Q 12,728 11,086 10,781 351 Q 13.0

 Office ......................................... 705 690 677 21 5 10,478 10,360 9,822 325 568 11.9

 Public Assembly ........................ 326 246 241 Q Q 3,948 3,394 3,164 Q 372 19.0

 Public Order and Safety ............. 87 38 37 Q Q 1,271 856 802 Q Q 33.7

 Religious Worship ...................... 269 223 223 Q Q 2,792 2,414 2,414 Q Q 21.4

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 580 262 260 Q Q 8,481 5,991 5,920 Q Q 21.7

 Other .......................................... 67 53 52 Q Q 1,004 921 834 Q Q 44.5

 Vacant ........................................ 261 73 69 Q Q 2,384 732 687 Q Q 29.3

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 353 260 241 Q Q 3,673 2,818 2,673 Q Q 21.2

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 562 382 376 Q Q 6,710 5,038 4,861 Q 187 16.8

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 867 617 601 22 5 9,298 7,549 7,318 248 322 14.1

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 718 508 501 4 10 10,858 8,978 8,538 159 527 13.3

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 813 688 665 Q Q 11,333 10,389 9,753 412 674 11.2

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 846 657 649 4 7 12,252 11,174 10,860 192 400 12.2

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 218 161 159 Q Q 2,590 2,345 2,229 Q Q 20.6

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 202 108 100 Q Q 2,059 1,644 1,530 Q Q 26.9

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 725 451 435 Q 3 11,883 9,523 8,986 387 291 14.6

 Midwest ...................................... 1,139 811 785 20 Q 14,322 12,033 11,424 354 778 13.7

 South ......................................... 1,750 1,433 1,413 3 24 20,830 18,606 18,133 247 919 10.9

 West ........................................... 964 687 660 25 10 11,736 9,772 9,219 326 533 13.8

Climate Zone: 45-Year

Average

 Fewer than 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ............. 493 321 312 Q Q 5,098 4,115 3,994 Q Q 24.1

 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 975 656 633 19 8 14,597 11,903 11,259 487 624 13.4

 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ 1,070 714 691 22 16 15,155 12,620 11,943 520 632 17.3

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 1,103 887 867 15 6 13,491 11,981 11,692 198 432 16.3

 More than 2,000 CDD and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD ........... 937 803 789 Q Q 10,430 9,315 8,873 Q 726 16.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooling

Cooling Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooling

Cooling Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

Electricity

Natural

Gas

District

Chilled

Water Electricity

Natural

Gas

District

Chilled

Water

0.6 0.7 0.7 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.1 1.5

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 2,505 1,542 1,498 Q Q 13,885 8,324 8,073 Q Q 11.1

 5 to 9 .......................................... 798 691 671 Q Q 6,291 5,260 5,028 Q Q 14.3

 10 to 19 ...................................... 625 549 544 Q Q 7,102 6,449 6,314 205 Q 13.6

 20 to 49 ...................................... 400 361 352 Q 8 9,132 8,302 8,083 Q 250 13.2

 50 to 99 ...................................... 138 129 124 Q 8 6,931 6,379 6,039 Q 366 13.3

 100 to 249 .................................. 71 69 66 2 3 5,988 5,872 5,617 230 356 11.9

 250 or More ............................... 43 41 38 1 5 9,443 9,349 8,608 433 1,172 13.0

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 899 399 398 Q Q 6,134 2,845 2,814 Q Q 17.5

 40 to 48 ...................................... 1,257 1,047 1,018 26 Q 13,233 11,401 10,909 298 350 13.2

 49 to 60 ...................................... 969 795 784 Q 11 12,242 10,897 10,597 164 409 12.7

 61 to 84 ...................................... 567 446 428 17 8 10,052 9,212 8,843 292 381 13.9

 85 to 167 .................................... 420 344 335 Q 7 6,202 5,644 5,320 Q 395 14.2

 Open Continuously .................... 466 350 329 Q Q 10,908 9,936 9,279 433 919 12.4

Predominant Exterior Wall

Material

 Masonry ..................................... 3,061 2,429 2,366 46 42 42,958 37,394 35,761 964 1,944 7.9

 Siding or Shingles ...................... 639 448 438 Q Q 3,243 2,369 2,309 Q Q 22.8

 Metal Panels .............................. 662 322 315 Q Q 5,694 3,713 3,584 Q Q 15.9

 Concrete Panels ........................ 106 91 89 Q 3 4,069 3,790 3,633 Q 302 19.5

 Window Glass ............................ 46 45 44 Q Q 1,755 1,730 1,593 Q Q 31.7

 Other .......................................... 50 32 26 Q Q 660 578 527 Q Q 40.8

 No One Major Type ................... 15 14 14 Q Q 393 362 355 Q Q 67.2

Predominant Roof Material

 Built-Up ...................................... 1,369 1,113 1,075 28 25 24,481 21,744 20,642 596 1,320 10.2

 Shingles (Not Wood) .................. 1,486 1,149 1,123 17 Q 11,093 9,125 8,854 282 Q 12.5

 Metal Surfacing .......................... 908 508 494 Q Q 7,941 5,564 5,418 Q Q 13.6

 Synthetic or Rubber ................... 351 296 288 6 9 10,235 9,662 9,166 295 682 12.6

 Slate or Tile ................................ 202 143 141 Q Q 1,920 1,499 1,386 Q Q 23.6

 Wooden Materials ...................... 152 106 105 Q Q 1,130 730 715 Q Q 38.3

 Concrete .................................... 58 39 39 Q Q 1,335 1,065 1,038 Q Q 42.2

 Other .......................................... 36 Q Q Q Q 332 272 272 Q Q 52.5

 No One Major Type ................... Q Q Q Q Q 305 273 272 Q Q 54.8

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 4,343 3,376 3,293 65 53 57,076 49,785 47,761 1,314 2,517 6.9

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,478 2,131 2,078 65 17 38,145 35,100 33,812 1,314 1,287 7.5

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 607 388 374 3 Q 14,421 12,904 12,230 454 1,076 14.2

 District Heat ............................... 110 95 66 Q 47 5,658 5,128 3,857 Q 2,140 19.0

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 53 21 Q 53 2,521 2,521 1,274 Q 2,521 21.8

 Propane ..................................... 589 431 410 Q Q 5,344 4,520 4,290 Q Q 22.6

 Other .......................................... 213 107 102 Q Q 2,336 1,943 1,692 Q Q 28.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooling

Cooling Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooling

Cooling Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

Electricity

Natural

Gas

District

Chilled

Water Electricity

Natural

Gas

District

Chilled

Water

0.6 0.7 0.7 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.1 1.5

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ................................... 1,007 913 913 Q Q 13,500 12,959 12,903 Q Q 13.5

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,106 1,836 1,788 64 4 28,808 26,440 25,634 1,150 261 9.0

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 439 255 252 Q Q 4,207 3,076 3,053 Q Q 26.9

 District Heat ............................... 107 93 64 Q 45 5,289 4,759 3,561 Q 1,997 19.2

 Propane ..................................... 260 183 177 Q Q 1,545 1,184 1,162 Q Q 31.8

 Other .......................................... 61 Q Q Q Q 514 303 303 Q Q 53.7

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 1,684 1,474 1,446 22 Q 23,056 21,611 21,160 395 629 11.7

 Natural Gas ................................ 1,577 1,383 1,355 41 11 24,859 22,887 22,293 903 498 9.1

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 120 57 57 Q Q 2,151 1,675 1,659 Q Q 32.8

 District Heat ............................... 54 44 25 Q 27 3,949 3,665 2,719 Q 1,465 20.3

 Propane ..................................... 110 79 78 Q Q 1,020 888 859 Q Q 35.9

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 487 423 421 Q 3 12,249 11,661 11,403 242 620 12.5

 Natural Gas ................................ 448 401 394 10 7 13,195 12,433 12,031 414 638 11.9

 Propane ..................................... 123 109 109 Q Q 1,480 1,352 1,338 Q Q 34.9

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 4,024 3,326 3,238 65 52 54,347 49,090 46,934 1,312 2,479 7.1

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 3,381 3,381 3,293 65 53 49,935 49,935 47,761 1,314 2,521 6.9

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 3,486 2,968 2,892 59 49 51,560 47,249 45,198 1,218 2,442 7.1

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 828 724 716 11 10 20,713 19,465 18,874 531 982 9.6

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 204 165 154 Q Q 3,893 3,587 3,337 Q Q 22.9

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 247 206 199 Q 7 13,366 12,986 12,169 577 1,171 12.4

Percent of Floorspace

Cooled

 Not Cooled ................................. 1,198 -- -- -- -- 8,837 -- -- -- -- 15.8

 1 to 50 ........................................ 930 930 912 17 Q 15,027 15,027 14,632 244 Q 12.0

 51 to 99 ...................................... 635 635 618 18 10 12,549 12,549 12,035 373 705 13.4

 100 ............................................. 1,816 1,816 1,763 30 40 22,359 22,359 21,095 697 1,645 8.6

Cooling Equipment (more than

one may apply)

 Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners ........................ 878 878 861 20 Q 9,238 9,238 9,036 232 169 12.2

 Heat Pumps ............................... 457 457 457 Q 1 6,931 6,931 6,918 Q 175 13.9

 Individual Air Conditioners ......... 862 862 857 Q Q 12,494 12,494 12,328 215 298 11.2

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 53 21 Q 53 2,521 2,521 1,274 Q 2,521 21.8

 Central Chillers .......................... 109 109 106 5 Q 11,065 11,065 10,729 509 Q 12.6

 Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units .......................................... 1,431 1,431 1,396 42 5 26,628 26,628 25,949 892 649 9.4

 Swamp Coolers ......................... 186 186 185 Q Q 2,451 2,451 2,431 Q Q 31.4

 Other .......................................... 18 18 18 Q Q 949 949 919 Q Q 31.7

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

-- = Data not applicable.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of

abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Table 26. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Buildings

All Buildings

with

Water Heating

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.4 2.0

All Buildings .................................. 4,579 3,486 1,684 1,577 120 54 110 9.4

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 2,399 1,689 875 672 Q Q Q 10.6

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 1,035 780 356 396 17 Q Q 15.7

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 745 644 301 312 26 20 12 17.7

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 213 195 83 102 8 10 5 11.3

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 115 110 43 60 4 8 Q 11.1

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 48 45 16 24 Q 5 Q 12.7

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 19 18 7 9 1 3 Q 13.2

 Over 500,000 ................................ 6 6 3 2 Q 1 Q 16.6

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 309 258 84 143 15 20 5 19.5

 Food Sales .................................... 137 125 72 50 Q Q Q 28.8

 Food Service ................................ 285 279 90 161 Q Q Q 19.6

 Health Care ................................... 105 105 56 43 Q 4 Q 30.2

 Lodging ......................................... 158 158 38 99 Q 10 Q 24.0

 Mercantile and Service ................. 1,289 916 461 399 28 Q 33 16.6

 Office ............................................ 705 678 397 262 Q 7 Q 14.5

 Public Assembly ........................... 326 276 124 137 Q 7 Q 27.1

 Public Order and Safety ................ 87 69 22 20 Q Q Q 45.6

 Religious Worship ......................... 269 248 116 128 Q Q Q 25.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 580 251 165 82 Q Q Q 27.9

 Other ............................................. 67 43 27 Q Q Q Q 54.8

 Vacant ........................................... 261 81 32 42 Q Q Q 37.1

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 353 287 80 189 Q 3 Q 25.0

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 562 429 166 215 22 4 Q 20.4

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 867 656 246 361 50 8 Q 15.5

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 718 562 233 269 Q 18 34 16.8

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 813 632 356 248 Q Q Q 14.9

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 846 667 429 217 Q Q 26 16.8

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 218 145 94 50 Q 1 Q 27.9

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 202 108 80 27 Q Q Q 37.8

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 725 602 283 183 93 11 30 17.9

 Midwest ......................................... 1,139 849 311 511 Q 15 32 18.4

 South ............................................ 1,750 1,250 764 452 Q Q 19 13.1

 West .............................................. 964 785 325 431 Q 13 Q 17.7

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 2,505 1,587 732 722 35 Q 67 12.7

 5 to 9 ............................................. 798 705 377 317 Q Q Q 16.4

 10 to 19 ......................................... 625 580 305 233 45 Q Q 16.9

 20 to 49 ......................................... 400 377 170 183 9 12 Q 14.7

 50 to 99 ......................................... 138 127 50 69 3 6 Q 13.8

 100 to 249 ..................................... 71 69 28 36 3 5 Q 14.8

 250 or More .................................. 43 42 21 16 1 6 Q 21.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1995 (Continued)

 (Thousand)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Buildings

All Buildings

with

Water Heating

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.4 2.0

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 899 466 231 201 Q Q Q 20.1

 40 to 48 ......................................... 1,257 1,035 567 427 14 Q Q 13.9

 49 to 60 ......................................... 969 742 360 332 38 6 Q 15.1

 61 to 84 ......................................... 567 494 214 258 18 9 Q 19.6

 85 to 167 ....................................... 420 375 171 174 Q 9 Q 18.5

 Open Continuously ....................... 466 375 141 185 Q 16 29 17.8

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 4,343 3,472 1,684 1,575 120 54 110 9.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,478 2,201 655 1,577 21 11 Q 8.2

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 607 504 251 115 120 9 Q 19.9

 District Heat .................................. 110 96 26 19 Q 54 Q 32.5

 District Chilled Water .................... 53 49 Q 11 Q 27 Q 38.3

 Propane ........................................ 589 477 268 59 53 Q 110 21.7

 Other ............................................. 213 158 78 58 Q Q Q 36.1

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 1,007 871 681 166 Q Q 26 17.2

 Natural Gas ................................... 2,106 1,841 563 1,333 2 Q Q 10.5

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 439 356 201 36 103 Q Q 25.5

 District Heat .................................. 107 93 26 17 Q 52 Q 33.4

 Propane ........................................ 260 179 118 Q Q Q 61 27.4

 Other ............................................. 61 35 Q Q Q Q Q 69.8

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 487 479 249 208 27 4 27 16.9

 Natural Gas ................................... 448 447 88 370 Q 5 Q 15.3

 Propane ........................................ 123 123 79 Q 17 Q 45 27.5

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 4,024 3,418 1,643 1,555 120 53 103 9.5

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 3,381 2,968 1,474 1,383 57 44 79 9.8

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 3,486 3,486 1,684 1,577 120 54 110 9.5

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 828 816 329 441 42 7 47 12.8

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 204 169 102 56 Q Q Q 30.8

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 247 238 85 121 Q 10 5 19.2

Water-Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Centralized System ....................... 2,671 2,671 1,195 1,245 98 47 89 10.8

 Distributed System ........................ 742 742 469 285 Q 3 21 16.3

 Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System ................ 73 73 19 47 Q 4 Q 33.6

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for

explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 27. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with Water

Heating

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.0 1.4 2.2

All Buildings .................................. 58,772 51,560 23,056 24,859 2,151 3,949 1,020 7.1

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................... 6,338 4,617 2,408 1,781 Q Q Q 10.0

 5,001 to 10,000 ............................. 7,530 5,652 2,583 2,866 Q Q Q 14.5

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................... 11,617 10,053 4,755 4,835 412 294 191 16.7

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................... 7,676 7,060 2,986 3,697 279 364 184 11.7

 50,001 to 100,000 ......................... 7,968 7,611 3,002 4,106 283 562 Q 10.9

 100,001 to 200,000 ....................... 6,776 6,269 2,338 3,334 Q 676 Q 12.7

 200,001 to 500,000 ....................... 5,553 5,303 2,130 2,584 424 951 Q 13.8

 Over 500,000 ................................ 5,313 4,995 2,854 1,656 Q 1,064 Q 17.7

Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 7,740 7,515 1,917 4,484 968 773 220 12.5

 Food Sales .................................... 642 599 249 337 Q Q Q 25.2

 Food Service ................................ 1,353 1,342 326 904 Q Q Q 23.8

 Health Care ................................... 2,333 2,327 438 1,332 Q 583 Q 15.9

 Lodging ......................................... 3,618 3,609 531 2,537 Q 591 103 18.1

 Mercantile and Service ................. 12,728 10,925 6,687 4,397 331 Q 319 15.0

 Office ............................................ 10,478 10,278 5,631 3,873 244 932 Q 11.8

 Public Assembly ........................... 3,948 3,632 1,333 1,990 Q 413 Q 16.2

 Public Order and Safety ................ 1,271 1,018 254 400 Q Q Q 31.7

 Religious Worship ......................... 2,792 2,685 1,199 1,587 Q Q Q 20.6

 Warehouse and Storage ............... 8,481 5,845 3,901 2,094 Q Q Q 19.7

 Other ............................................. 1,004 893 297 416 Q 129 Q 37.8

 Vacant ........................................... 2,384 892 292 509 Q Q Q 30.1

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before .............................. 3,673 3,206 980 1,858 Q 298 Q 20.5

 1920 to 1945 ................................. 6,710 5,349 1,860 2,745 288 567 Q 16.7

 1946 to 1959 ................................. 9,298 8,136 2,910 4,593 573 681 Q 15.1

 1960 to 1969 ................................. 10,858 9,722 3,320 5,237 493 1,089 259 12.5

 1970 to 1979 ................................. 11,333 10,117 5,138 4,393 358 821 Q 11.7

 1980 to 1989 ................................. 12,252 11,105 6,759 4,321 Q 259 303 12.6

 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,590 2,263 1,184 996 Q 141 Q 17.6

 1993 to 1995 ................................. 2,059 1,661 905 716 Q Q Q 21.6

Census Region

 Northeast ...................................... 11,883 10,778 4,689 3,848 1,668 1,260 325 12.4

 Midwest ......................................... 14,322 12,517 4,516 7,261 Q 1,271 224 11.6

 South ............................................ 20,830 17,511 9,757 7,767 309 646 279 13.5

 West .............................................. 11,736 10,754 4,094 5,983 Q 772 Q 15.3

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 ................................. 13,885 8,772 3,867 4,290 224 Q 232 14.6

 5 to 9 ............................................. 6,291 5,610 2,705 2,543 Q Q Q 15.8

 10 to 19 ......................................... 7,102 6,566 3,220 3,000 320 Q Q 14.5

 20 to 49 ......................................... 9,132 8,763 3,897 4,589 330 420 Q 11.8

 50 to 99 ......................................... 6,931 6,622 2,553 3,579 290 473 Q 13.6

 100 to 249 ..................................... 5,988 5,903 2,257 3,145 346 668 Q 13.4

 250 or More .................................. 9,443 9,324 4,558 3,713 337 1,829 Q 12.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

 (Million Square Feet)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

Total

Floorspace

of All

Buildings

with Water

Heating

Water-Heating Energy Sources Used

(more than one may apply)

RSE

Row

Factor

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane

0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.0 1.4 2.2

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................... 6,134 3,290 1,285 1,839 Q Q Q 17.7

 40 to 48 ......................................... 13,233 11,585 6,028 5,150 342 314 Q 14.8

 49 to 60 ......................................... 12,242 10,765 5,086 4,935 615 565 Q 12.6

 61 to 84 ......................................... 10,052 9,535 5,110 4,458 310 435 Q 12.5

 85 to 167 ....................................... 6,202 5,928 2,462 2,851 Q 684 Q 13.9

 Open Continuously ....................... 10,908 10,457 3,086 5,626 420 1,883 239 11.7

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 57,076 51,363 23,056 24,756 2,151 3,937 1,020 7.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 38,145 36,284 12,144 24,859 972 1,528 Q 8.4

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 14,421 13,959 5,452 6,028 2,151 1,506 267 11.3

 District Heat .................................. 5,658 5,424 1,182 743 Q 3,949 Q 16.7

 District Chilled Water .................... 2,521 2,442 629 498 Q 1,465 Q 18.8

 Propane ........................................ 5,344 4,934 2,837 847 584 Q 1,020 17.0

 Other ............................................. 2,336 2,024 702 1,073 Q 215 Q 26.2

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

 Electricity ...................................... 13,500 12,586 9,502 3,338 Q Q 323 14.3

 Natural Gas ................................... 28,808 27,119 8,964 19,924 224 Q Q 9.1

 Fuel Oil ......................................... 4,207 3,873 1,718 663 1,659 Q Q 19.3

 District Heat .................................. 5,289 5,055 1,073 623 Q 3,717 Q 17.3

 Propane ........................................ 1,545 1,304 896 Q Q Q 436 26.3

 Other ............................................. 514 392 Q Q Q Q Q 52.7

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ...................................... 12,249 12,179 6,281 5,991 619 973 291 12.1

 Natural Gas ................................... 13,195 13,178 3,799 9,611 678 988 Q 10.4

 Propane ........................................ 1,480 1,480 943 Q 315 Q 517 22.3

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating ....... 54,347 50,796 22,445 24,684 2,150 3,933 982 7.3

 Buildings with Cooling ................... 49,935 47,249 21,611 22,887 1,675 3,665 888 7.3

 Buildings with Water Heating ........ 51,560 51,560 23,056 24,859 2,151 3,949 1,020 7.1

 Buildings with Cooking .................. 20,713 20,632 8,455 11,489 1,214 1,548 609 8.7

 Buildings with Manufacturing ........ 3,893 3,666 1,926 1,459 Q Q Q 19.1

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................... 13,366 13,239 5,355 6,779 825 1,759 253 10.9

Water-Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

 Centralized System ....................... 31,656 31,656 10,941 16,401 1,618 2,963 612 8.3

 Distributed System ........................ 16,495 16,495 11,036 6,316 293 458 383 11.8

 Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System ................ 3,409 3,409 1,079 2,143 Q 528 Q 16.4

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy

Consumption Survey.
Table 28. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooking

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooking

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity

Natural

Gas Propane Electricity

Natural

Gas Propane

0.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 2.2

All Buildings ............................... 4,579 828 487 448 123 58,772 20,713 12,249 13,195 1,480 7.0

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

 1,001 to 5,000 ............................ 2,399 339 230 152 74 6,338 922 609 441 188 12.7

 5,001 to 10,000 .......................... 1,035 175 89 109 Q 7,530 1,319 718 816 Q 18.6

 10,001 to 25,000 ........................ 745 169 88 95 Q 11,617 2,731 1,388 1,549 Q 16.2

 25,001 to 50,000 ........................ 213 66 35 41 5 7,676 2,433 1,275 1,526 171 11.5

 50,001 to 100,000 ...................... 115 42 22 26 4 7,968 2,939 1,561 1,742 303 11.7

 100,001 to 200,000 .................... 48 22 12 14 Q 6,776 3,028 1,726 1,933 Q 12.0

 200,001 to 500,000 .................... 19 12 7 8 Q 5,553 3,482 2,186 2,364 Q 11.5

 Over 500,000 ............................. 6 4 3 3 Q 5,313 3,859 2,786 2,824 Q 13.4

Principal Building Activity

 Education ................................... 309 113 53 67 9 7,740 4,881 2,715 3,021 447 14.5

 Food Sales ................................. 137 51 41 17 Q 642 351 242 181 Q 23.7

 Food Service ............................. 285 241 149 161 69 1,353 1,254 757 937 272 16.2

 Health Care ................................ 105 18 Q 9 Q 2,333 1,631 946 1,259 Q 21.1

 Lodging ...................................... 158 51 17 40 Q 3,618 2,064 954 1,746 Q 19.0

 Mercantile and Service .............. 1,289 135 93 61 8 12,728 4,362 3,005 2,637 318 15.7

 Office ......................................... 705 19 12 10 Q 10,478 2,750 1,793 1,466 Q 12.7

 Public Assembly ........................ 326 109 61 47 Q 3,948 1,610 749 1,055 Q 21.8

 Public Order and Safety ............. 87 4 Q Q Q 1,271 260 Q Q Q 39.6

 Religious Worship ...................... 269 72 45 22 Q 2,792 957 598 327 Q 22.5

 Warehouse and Storage ............ 580 Q Q Q Q 8,481 311 Q Q Q 27.3

 Other .......................................... 67 Q Q Q Q 1,004 Q Q Q Q 45.2

 Vacant ........................................ 261 Q Q Q Q 2,384 Q Q Q Q 27.1

Year Constructed

 1919 or Before ........................... 353 77 37 55 Q 3,673 1,272 637 932 Q 23.7

 1920 to 1945 .............................. 562 100 54 54 Q 6,710 1,555 658 1,172 Q 18.6

 1946 to 1959 .............................. 867 129 60 88 Q 9,298 3,177 1,695 2,048 Q 15.3

 1960 to 1969 .............................. 718 147 73 85 Q 10,858 4,207 2,263 2,833 398 14.5

 1970 to 1979 .............................. 813 142 91 68 27 11,333 4,344 2,965 2,604 307 13.8

 1980 to 1989 .............................. 846 168 122 67 50 12,252 4,301 2,852 2,501 454 13.8

 1990 to 1992 .............................. 218 42 32 25 Q 2,590 1,082 732 692 Q 22.1

 1993 to 1995 .............................. 202 23 Q 7 Q 2,059 774 446 415 Q 27.8

Census Region

 Northeast ................................... 725 141 84 59 49 11,883 4,634 2,437 2,914 621 14.7

 Midwest ...................................... 1,139 176 105 116 Q 14,322 4,785 3,015 3,506 Q 14.6

 South ......................................... 1,750 310 193 146 34 20,830 7,173 4,311 4,167 594 12.1

 West ........................................... 964 202 105 127 Q 11,736 4,121 2,485 2,609 Q 14.7

Workers (main shift)

 Fewer than 5 .............................. 2,505 283 165 135 Q 13,885 1,609 834 819 Q 13.7

 5 to 9 .......................................... 798 150 94 86 Q 6,291 1,272 665 710 Q 19.3

 10 to 19 ...................................... 625 163 106 80 Q 7,102 1,686 1,037 969 Q 17.3

 20 to 49 ...................................... 400 135 73 88 18 9,132 3,515 1,827 2,273 271 13.2

 50 to 99 ...................................... 138 52 23 31 6 6,931 3,362 1,774 2,113 386 13.1

 100 to 249 .................................. 71 24 14 16 Q 5,988 2,825 1,694 1,897 Q 13.5

 250 or More ............................... 43 20 12 12 Q 9,443 6,444 4,417 4,413 Q 12.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1995 (Continued)

Building

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of Buildings

(thousand)

Total Floorspace

(million square feet)

RSE

Row

Factor

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooking

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

All

Buildings

All

Buildings

with

Cooking

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity

Natural

Gas Propane Electricity

Natural

Gas Propane

0.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 2.2

Weekly Operating Hours

 39 or Fewer ................................ 899 92 41 54 Q 6,134 872 353 583 Q 19.3

 40 to 48 ...................................... 1,257 144 92 61 Q 13,233 2,806 1,547 1,606 Q 13.9

 49 to 60 ...................................... 969 104 48 56 28 12,242 3,379 1,817 1,916 362 15.9

 61 to 84 ...................................... 567 180 97 115 19 10,052 5,017 3,291 3,187 349 15.0

 85 to 167 .................................... 420 212 161 100 48 6,202 3,064 2,102 1,660 344 13.9

 Open Continuously .................... 466 96 48 62 9 10,908 5,575 3,138 4,244 243 14.0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 4,343 827 487 448 123 57,076 20,611 12,249 13,104 1,480 6.9

 Natural Gas ................................ 2,478 549 263 448 Q 38,145 15,968 8,498 13,195 Q 7.7

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 607 122 77 49 31 14,421 8,018 4,916 5,327 676 14.3

 District Heat ............................... 110 17 6 10 Q 5,658 2,031 1,279 1,276 Q 22.1

 District Chilled Water ................. 53 10 3 7 Q 2,521 982 620 638 Q 25.7

 Propane ..................................... 589 172 112 19 123 5,344 2,322 1,183 513 1,480 19.2

 Other .......................................... 213 30 20 8 Q 2,336 945 476 553 Q 25.2

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

 Electricity ................................... 1,684 329 249 88 79 23,056 8,455 6,281 3,799 943 11.1

 Natural Gas ................................ 1,577 441 208 370 Q 24,859 11,489 5,991 9,611 Q 8.4

 Fuel Oil ...................................... 120 42 27 Q 17 2,151 1,214 619 678 315 26.8

 District Heat ............................... 54 7 4 5 Q 3,949 1,548 973 988 Q 21.3

 Propane ..................................... 110 47 27 Q 45 1,020 609 291 Q 517 27.0

Energy End Uses (more

than one may apply)

 Buildings with Space Heating .... 4,024 804 473 438 117 54,347 20,338 11,951 13,080 1,451 7.2

 Buildings with Cooling ................ 3,381 724 423 401 109 49,935 19,465 11,661 12,433 1,352 7.2

 Buildings with Water Heating ..... 3,486 816 479 447 123 51,560 20,632 12,179 13,178 1,480 7.1

 Buildings with Cooking ............... 828 828 487 448 123 20,713 20,713 12,249 13,195 1,480 7.4

 Buildings with Manufacturing ..... 204 27 17 13 Q 3,893 1,004 661 575 Q 28.8

 Buildings with Electricity

 Generation ................................ 247 65 34 43 6 13,366 8,345 5,285 5,953 414 12.4

Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation

of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.