Release date: April 2015

Revised date: May 2016

Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 87,093 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Building floorspace (square feet)

1,001 to 5,000 8,041 6,699 868 1,091 1,747 Q 400 3,809 Q

5,001 to 10,000 8,900 7,590 1,038 1,416 2,025 Q 734 4,622 Q

10,001 to 25,000 14,105 12,744 1,477 2,233 3,115 Q 2,008 8,246 Q

25,001 to 50,000 11,917 10,911 1,642 1,439 3,021 213 2,707 7,237 Q

50,001 to 100,000 13,918 13,114 2,664 1,042 2,763 704 4,938 8,489 541

100,001 to 200,000 12,415 11,941 1,549 683 2,915 1,313 4,258 7,569 Q

200,001 to 500,000 10,724 10,348 1,527 466 2,970 1,553 4,970 5,991 Q

Over 500,000 7,074 6,730 1,080 284 2,211 1,974 2,430 3,225 Q

Principal building activity

Education 12,239 12,099 2,209 564 1,750 1,155 6,637 6,107 Q

Food sales 1,252 1,196 Q Q 336 N Q 944 Q

Food service 1,819 1,762 146 266 256 Q 145 1,296 Q

Health care 4,155 4,109 739 258 967 671 2,285 2,085 Q

 Inpatient 2,374 2,354 506 124 501 563 1,698 1,073 Q

 Outpatient 1,781 1,754 233 133 466 Q 588 1,012 N

Lodging 5,826 5,696 1,259 638 2,168 621 2,105 2,561 Q

Mercantile 11,330 10,794 1,419 1,423 2,568 Q 1,138 9,434 872

Retail (other than mall) 5,439 5,088 441 590 1,007 Q 312 3,964 Q

Enclosed and strip malls 5,890 5,706 978 832 1,561 Q 826 5,470 860

Office 15,952 15,753 2,667 1,691 3,727 1,794 4,650 8,407 Q

Public assembly 5,559 5,323 727 582 1,560 888 1,621 3,016 Q

Public order and safety 1,440 1,391 Q Q 253 Q 466 601 Q

Religious worship 4,557 4,511 581 927 859 N 1,359 2,801 Q

Service 4,630 4,157 356 497 1,919 Q 433 2,498 Q

Warehouse and storage 13,077 9,987 1,138 1,294 3,480 Q 841 7,297 Q

Other 2,002 1,886 Q Q 737 Q 408 1,257 Q

Vacant 3,256 1,415 Q Q Q Q 296 886 Q

Year constructed

Before 1920 3,983 3,583 371 524 1,442 523 1,221 1,380 Q

1920 to 1945 6,025 5,527 744 393 1,717 888 2,016 2,589 Q

1946 to 1959 7,381 6,895 907 685 2,277 446 2,659 3,715 Q

1960 to 1969 10,362 9,730 1,295 1,168 2,586 1,002 3,506 5,670 Q

1970 to 1979 10,846 10,045 1,198 1,345 2,923 930 2,763 6,156 Q

1980 to 1989 15,230 13,723 2,386 1,763 3,424 446 2,973 9,037 Q

1990 to 1999 13,803 12,389 2,136 1,266 2,996 642 2,970 8,544 397

2000 to 2003 7,215 6,707 808 551 1,292 Q 1,636 4,281 Q

2004 to 2007 6,524 5,972 1,174 516 1,160 Q 1,395 4,076 Q

2008 to 2012 5,723 5,505 826 442 948 Q 1,303 3,741 Q

Table B39. Heating equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 87,093 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Table B39. Heating equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Census region and division

Northeast 15,534 15,053 1,397 1,244 4,918 1,981 6,447 7,186 Q

New England 4,302 4,090 400 323 1,529 Q 1,823 1,769 Q

Middle Atlantic 11,232 10,963 998 922 3,389 1,628 4,624 5,417 Q

Midwest 18,919 18,055 1,068 2,511 5,735 906 6,666 10,894 370

East North Central 12,742 12,240 632 1,756 3,668 574 5,083 7,347 Q

West North Central 6,178 5,815 436 755 2,066 332 1,583 3,547 Q

South 34,279 30,499 6,927 3,363 6,519 2,171 5,784 20,049 550

South Atlantic 17,981 15,883 4,909 1,234 3,328 1,148 3,247 10,168 Q

East South Central 4,904 4,692 844 530 1,295 Q 1,077 3,136 Q

West South Central 11,394 9,923 1,174 1,599 1,896 637 1,460 6,745 Q

West 18,360 16,471 2,453 1,536 3,594 867 3,545 11,059 339

Mountain 4,981 4,704 498 554 1,197 482 1,150 2,967 Q

Pacific 13,379 11,767 1,955 983 2,397 385 2,395 8,092 242

Climate region1

Very cold/Cold 31,898 30,469 2,150 3,558 10,128 1,926 11,556 17,640 824

Mixed-humid 27,873 26,716 6,182 3,009 6,697 3,002 7,029 15,485 487

Mixed-dry/Hot-dry 12,037 10,484 1,669 995 1,703 Q 1,777 7,351 Q

Hot-humid 12,831 10,090 1,387 937 1,607 362 1,499 7,217 Q

Marine 2,454 2,319 458 Q 631 Q 581 1,495 Q

Number of floors

One 39,809 34,513 4,642 4,356 8,857 Q 4,257 24,999 1,127

Two 20,206 19,411 2,844 2,518 4,987 Q 5,762 13,422 297

Three 8,140 7,896 1,229 857 2,150 544 3,667 3,918 Q

Four to nine 13,535 12,992 2,089 826 3,398 2,791 6,521 5,180 Q

Ten or more 5,404 5,265 1,041 Q 1,374 1,900 2,236 1,669 Q

Number of workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 17,751 12,931 1,366 1,921 3,710 Q 1,908 6,967 Q

5 to 9 8,973 8,492 1,230 1,264 2,274 Q 982 5,320 Q

10 to 19 9,623 8,970 1,234 1,758 2,219 Q 1,219 6,041 Q

20 to 49 14,514 14,126 2,268 1,678 3,752 623 3,764 9,817 448

50 to 99 13,476 13,184 2,409 1,278 3,323 669 4,610 9,055 Q

100 to 249 10,941 10,805 1,490 387 2,390 1,096 4,938 6,596 422

250 or more 11,815 11,570 1,849 367 3,097 3,053 5,021 5,393 Q

Weekly operating hours

Fewer than 40 8,220 5,763 617 980 1,222 Q 1,180 3,012 Q

40 to 48 15,828 14,867 2,230 2,020 3,696 403 3,907 8,633 Q

49 to 60 20,529 19,365 3,183 2,268 4,971 1,099 5,496 11,950 Q

61 to 84 15,867 15,148 2,427 1,262 3,999 828 3,993 10,640 443

85 to 167 9,395 8,711 724 878 2,183 631 2,266 6,372 364

Open continuously 17,253 16,224 2,666 1,246 4,696 2,792 5,601 8,582 Q
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 87,093 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Table B39. Heating equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Ownership and occupancy

Nongovernment owned 67,550 61,341 8,500 7,472 16,206 3,119 13,405 40,336 1,316

Owner occupied 30,637 28,745 3,841 3,629 7,363 1,825 6,663 17,635 214

Leased to tenant(s) 26,115 23,766 3,022 2,880 6,507 730 4,091 17,239 1,021

Owner occupied and leased 8,873 8,328 1,597 900 2,284 557 2,590 5,102 Q

Unoccupied 1,925 502 Q Q Q Q Q 360 Q

Government owned 19,543 18,736 3,346 1,182 4,561 2,807 9,038 8,852 Q

Federal 1,573 1,557 212 Q 558 697 471 495 Q

State 5,539 5,411 636 378 1,375 1,526 2,305 2,213 Q

Local 12,431 11,768 2,497 753 2,628 584 6,263 6,144 Q

Party responsible for operation

and maintenance of energy

systems

Building owner 73,702 67,644 10,210 7,076 17,425 5,737 20,588 39,517 1,008

Business owner or tenant 11,309 10,534 1,240 1,325 2,895 Q 1,363 8,598 549

Property management 1,250 1,073 Q Q 227 Q 273 652 Q

Other 832 826 Q Q Q Q 219 422 N

Provider of direct input on energyrelated equipment purchases

Building owner 76,271 70,099 10,579 7,554 17,932 5,694 20,908 41,565 1,041

Business owner or tenant 8,256 7,685 800 812 2,297 Q 1,058 6,096 366

Property management 880 722 Q Q 201 Q Q 469 Q

Other 1,686 1,571 369 Q 337 Q 301 1,058 Q

Campus or complex activity

Not part of a campus or complex 52,275 48,779 6,741 5,649 12,576 960 13,400 32,001 828

Primary or secondary school 4,616 4,486 986 344 647 Q 1,979 2,868 Q

College or university 4,068 4,008 379 Q 574 2,185 1,163 758 Q

Office complex 3,456 3,377 681 208 699 Q 894 1,754 Q

Retail complex 5,159 4,805 675 668 1,508 N 516 4,330 598

Storage complex 3,212 1,285 Q Q 560 N Q 691 N

Religious campus or complex 1,932 1,896 207 308 242 Q 565 1,152 N

Health care complex 3,362 3,296 592 250 882 968 1,668 1,509 Q

Lodging or resort complex 1,295 1,181 255 Q 456 Q 350 383 N

Transportation complex 554 496 Q Q 282 Q Q 233 N

Government complex 2,107 1,992 259 Q 872 720 715 711 Q

Other 5,057 4,478 876 769 1,468 Q 915 2,799 Q
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 87,093 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Table B39. Heating equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Renovations in buildings

constructed before 2008

(more than one may apply)

Any type of renovation 42,216 40,692 6,295 4,399 12,371 3,964 13,377 25,179 783

Addition or annex 13,022 12,822 2,127 1,526 3,745 1,254 5,423 8,320 Q

Reduction in floorspace 1,753 1,659 303 Q 519 Q 381 991 Q

Roof replacement 20,917 20,344 3,033 2,181 6,534 2,010 8,067 12,038 381

Exterior wall replacement 4,230 4,136 751 466 1,361 353 1,463 2,706 Q

Interior wall reconfiguration 21,340 20,750 3,207 2,233 6,598 2,571 6,940 13,025 313

Window replacement 12,265 12,011 1,850 1,377 3,770 1,431 4,758 6,742 Q

HVAC equipment upgrade 26,779 26,066 4,440 3,075 8,259 2,986 9,286 16,158 499

Lighting upgrade 25,503 24,896 3,933 2,514 8,132 3,037 8,908 15,008 492

Electrical upgrade 16,160 15,661 2,772 1,773 5,398 2,032 5,693 9,467 Q

Plumbing system upgrade 13,828 13,537 2,344 1,500 4,666 1,724 4,987 8,052 Q

Insulation upgrade 7,607 7,371 1,450 1,172 2,509 1,070 2,421 4,417 Q

Fire, safety, or security upgrade 17,196 16,676 3,139 1,736 5,566 2,073 6,630 9,806 Q

Structural upgrade 3,913 3,864 836 449 1,043 697 1,208 2,317 Q

Other 848 751 Q Q 411 Q Q 388 Q

No renovations 39,154 33,880 4,725 3,813 7,447 1,770 7,763 20,268 723

Buildings constructed 2008 or later 5,723 5,505 826 442 948 Q 1,303 3,741 Q

Energy sources 

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 84,869 80,053 11,846 8,654 20,751 5,925 22,438 49,188 1,570

Natural gas 58,725 58,129 7,560 7,046 15,808 2,833 20,019 37,569 1,194

Fuel oil 20,200 19,670 3,047 870 5,874 3,088 9,340 9,580 Q

District heat 5,964 5,962 556 Q 1,354 5,925 Q 742 Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,561 325 Q 888 3,718 582 756 Q

Propane 7,706 7,332 884 757 2,742 Q 1,772 4,689 277

Other 3,826 3,826 544 429 1,353 335 1,411 2,348 Q

Space-heating energy sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity 49,030 49,030 11,482 5,040 16,235 1,869 10,721 35,389 1,352

Natural gas 49,511 49,511 5,928 6,837 13,893 350 18,893 32,966 1,094

Fuel oil 4,351 4,351 527 183 1,648 Q 2,556 1,746 Q

District heat 5,925 5,925 556 Q 1,334 5,925 Q 725 Q

Propane 3,067 3,067 385 481 1,217 Q 565 1,963 Q

Other 1,010 1,010 Q Q 590 Q Q 411 Q

Primary space-heating

energy source

Electricity 26,205 26,205 7,215 2,270 6,035 Q 2,982 18,523 447

Natural gas 42,988 42,988 3,792 5,778 11,482 Q 17,437 27,826 873

Fuel oil 2,542 2,542 Q Q 1,008 Q 1,504 757 Q

District heat 5,797 5,797 464 Q 1,271 5,797 Q 650 Q

Propane 1,948 1,948 Q 405 666 N 276 1,193 Q

Other 598 598 Q Q 305 N Q Q Q
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 87,093 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Table B39. Heating equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Energy end uses 

(more than one may apply)

Buildings with space heating 80,078 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Buildings with cooling 79,294 76,834 11,772 8,514 19,159 5,864 21,579 48,053 1,534

Buildings with water heating 79,015 76,584 11,576 8,420 19,548 5,783 22,020 47,297 1,532

Buildings with cooking 38,546 37,771 6,592 4,005 9,590 3,116 14,847 23,131 1,306

Buildings with manufacturing 5,078 4,790 596 671 2,219 Q 795 3,538 Q

Buildings with electricity

generation 25,642 25,155 4,035 1,414 6,857 3,710 11,356 13,943 626

Percent of floorspace heated

Not heated 7,015 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 10,130 10,130 1,390 931 2,964 Q 1,016 6,769 Q

51 to 99 14,650 14,650 2,531 1,628 4,499 1,126 4,532 9,295 550

100 55,298 55,298 7,925 6,095 13,303 4,683 16,895 33,125 980

Heating equipment (more than one 

may apply)

Heat pumps 11,846 11,846 11,846 1,347 2,961 556 3,225 5,597 Q

Furnaces 8,654 8,654 1,347 8,654 2,865 Q 1,053 4,165 Q

Individual space heaters 20,766 20,766 2,961 2,865 20,766 1,334 5,203 11,474 667

District heat 5,925 5,925 556 Q 1,334 5,925 Q 725 Q

Boilers 22,443 22,443 3,225 1,053 5,203 Q 22,443 8,817 Q

Packaged heating units 49,188 49,188 5,597 4,165 11,474 725 8,817 49,188 1,147

Other 1,574 1,574 Q Q 667 Q Q 1,147 1,574

Cooling equipment (more than one 

may apply)

Residential-type central air 

conditioners 14,765 14,158 1,516 4,906 3,884 Q 2,073 8,975 356

Heat pumps 12,538 12,464 10,037 1,365 3,016 556 3,179 6,851 Q

Individual air conditioners 12,420 11,953 2,015 1,318 6,038 902 5,083 6,096 Q

District chilled water 4,608 4,561 325 Q 888 3,718 582 756 Q

Central chillers 17,041 16,685 2,333 579 4,128 1,948 11,683 7,259 Q

Packaged air conditioning units 45,153 43,820 5,282 4,004 11,336 2,056 11,510 35,944 1,228

Swamp coolers 1,918 1,879 379 Q 713 Q 486 1,416 Q

Other 328 328 Q Q Q Q Q Q N

Main equipment replaced since 1990 

(more than one may apply)

Heating 27,558 27,558 4,825 3,745 8,591 Q 8,332 17,733 461

Cooling 30,702 29,713 5,199 4,192 9,048 1,231 9,016 18,452 510

HVAC conservation features 

(more than one may apply)

Economizer cycle 30,749 30,454 4,726 2,221 7,496 4,063 12,065 19,411 707

Regular HVAC maintenance 69,244 67,518 10,742 6,994 15,683 5,591 20,967 42,471 1,340

Building automation system (BAS)2 37,051 36,511 5,652 2,267 7,757 4,967 14,726 21,943 1,047
Heat

pumps Furnaces

Individual 

space 

heaters

District

heat Boilers

Packaged 

heating 

units Other

All buildings 87,093 80,078 11,846 8,654 20,766 5,925 22,443 49,188 1,574

Table B39. Heating equipment, floorspace, 2012

Total floorspace (million square feet)

Buildings 

with 

space 

heating

Heating equipment (more than one may apply)

All

buildings

Equipment usage reduced when 

building not in full use 

(more than one may apply)

Heating 63,167 63,167 9,415 7,390 16,076 4,011 17,877 40,078 1,334

Cooling 62,516 60,904 9,350 7,194 15,084 4,029 17,152 39,291 1,306

Lighting 78,594 74,955 11,191 8,237 19,658 5,470 21,363 45,948 1,465

 1These climate regions were created by the Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency 

and Renewable Energy (EERE). 

 2In earlier CBECS publications, BAS was referred to as Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) .

 Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

 N = No cases in reporting sample.

 Notes: ● Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. ● See Guide to the 2012 CBECS Detailed Tables or CBECS Terminology for definition of 

terms used in these tables and/or comparison of differences with prior CBECS tables. Both references can be accessed from 

http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2012/

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Consumption and Efficiency Statistics, Form EIA-871A of the 2012 Commercial 

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.