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A Note to the Reader

The Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS) was fielded for the last time in 1994. 

This final RTECS report emphasizes changes in residential transportation from 1988, the earliest year for 

which consistent data are available, through 1994. During the i9B8-to-1994 period, minivans and sport-utility 

vehicles became much more prevalent in the residential fleet and accounted for an increasing share of 

vehicle-mites traveled. The first section of this report illustrates those and other changes in residential 

transportation during the period. Chapters 1 through 4 explore trends in residential transportation and Chapter 

5 presents detailed tables.

For More Information

As part of the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) mission to provide meaningful data from end-use 

energy surveys, EIA conducts ongoing user needs etlorts to ascertain users' data requirements. Although 

the RTECS will not be fielded again, EIA is exploring alternative sources ol residential vehicle data, tf you 

have questions or suggestions about residential vehicle data, please contact Ron Lambrecht, RTECS 

Manager, at 202-586-4962 or at the address below.

If you have any data or report-related requirements or suggestions regarding any of the other EIA consumption 

surveys, please contact the appropriate survey manager directty, or use the address below.

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS): Martha Johnson, 

Survey Manager, at 202-586-1135.

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS): Mark Schipper. Survey 

Manager, at 202-586-1136.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS): Robert Latta, Survey Manager, 

at202-586-1385.

You are encouraged to provide your comments to the survey managers. Your feedback is important to us.

El-63, Mail Stop 2G-090

1000 Independence Avenue. SW

Washington, DC 20585

Fax:202-586-0018

Energy Information Adminiitration/Househotd Vehicles Enwgy Consumption 1994
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Tables 

Chapter 1

1.1. Household Characteristics, Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Fuel Consumprion, and Fuel Expenditures per

Household, 1994 .................................................................. 3

Chapter 5

5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption and Expenditures. 1994 ........ 43

5.2. U.S. per Household Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Expenditures, 1994 .... 47

5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Expenditures, 1994 .............. 49

5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year. 1994 ..................................................... 53

5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 ......................................... 57

5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 ............................... 61

5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income. 1994 ...................................... 65

5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 .................................... 69

5.9. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 ............................... 73

5.10. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income. 1994 ............................. 75

5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 ........................................... 77

5.12. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Household Composition, 1994 ........................ 81

5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Category, 1994 ................. 83

5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 ..................................... 87

5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Type, 1994 ................................ 91

5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 .......................................... 95

5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures. 1994 ............................. 99

5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 1994 ............................ 102

Energy Information MmMitratlon/MouMtioM Vehicle* Energy Consumption 1994
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Residential

Vehicle 

Characteristics

; Engines Became 

! More Powerful...

Vehicle Performance for Mod,, >, . :. 1980 - 1995 

(Index. 1980 =100)

160

1980 1982 1984 1986 

IvwcamAl ftMecooi Agency

1988 1990 1992 1994

Exit!

Percent Distribution of Total 

Residential Vehicle Fleet by 

Number of Cylinders, 1988 and 1994

Percent Distribution of Vehicle Fleet 

by Engine Size, 1988 and 1994

40

20

40

20

4cyl 6cyl

Less 2.50- 4.54)

than 4.49 liters

2.50 liters or

liters greater

Energy Information Administration/Household VaNdas Energy Consumption 1994
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Residential 

Vehicle-Miles

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Everyone Drove More,

but Families with Driving-Age

Children Traveled the Most.

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by 

Household Composition, 1988 and 1994

2+ Aduli 

0 Child

10 20 

iwisnnd Miles.

Older Vehicles Were

Used the Least.

Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by 

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esidential Vehicle Fuel 

Economy, Consumption, and

" Expenditures

Newer Vehicle On-Road Fuel 

Economy Fell Slightly .. .

On-Road Average Fuel Economy of Newer 

Household Vehicles (2 or less model years old) 

by Vehicle Type, 1988 and 1994

Fuel Costs Added Up!

In 1994, U.S. households 

paid SI04.7 billion for their 

vehicle fuel, almost half of 

their total energy expenditures.

All Cars Pickup Mini vans 

Vehicles Tracks

, *DnU for 19S8 were majfitcicn 

Energy Information AdminMraKorVHouaehold Vahfctos Energy Consumption 1994
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From 1988............................................................TO 1994

The total number of residential 

vehicles increased from

147.5 million to 156.8 million,

while the number of vehicles

per vehicle-operating household

remained constant at

1.8 vehicles and 1.8 vehicles.

Average miles traveled per 

vehicle jumped from

10.2 thousand to 11.4 thousand,

and fuel economy improved from 

18.3 mpg to 19.8 mpg,

, so that fuel use per vehicle 

i remained fairly constant at

559 gallons and 578 gallons.

From 1988............................................................TO 1994

Higher nominal prices per gallon,

$0.984 versus $1.156, 

led to higher nominal expenditures per vehicle,

$550 versus $668, 

and per household,

$998 versus $1,234,

but, when adjusted for inflation,

expenditures changed little:

SU18 versus $1,234.

Together with the ongoing growth of the country,

these trends caused the higher national demand

for residential vehicle fuel to rise from

82.4 billion gallons to 90.6 billion gallons.

and corresponding fuel costs 

to rise substantially, from

$81.1 billion to

although the inflation-adjusted 

lotal cost was

$98.9 billion versus

$104.7 billion.

$104.7 billion.

Energy Information AdminstraboiVHousehold VeNdes Energy Consumption 1994
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Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 examines the effects of household size, household income, age of 

primary driver, vehicle characteristics, and Census region on household vehicle stock, miles traveled, fuel economy, 

and fuel consumption (Table I.I). In general, the size of the household, composition of the household, and household 

income had a large effect on those variables.

What is the Purpose of the Survey Report?

The purpose of this report is to provide information on the use of energy in residential vehicles in the 50 States and the 

District of Columbia. Included are data about the number and types of vehicles in the residential sector, the 

characteristics of (hose vehicles, Ihe total annual vehicle-miles traveled, per-houschold and per-vehicle vehicle-miles 

traveled, vehicle fuel consumption and expenditures, and vehicle-fuel economy.

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is mandated by Congress to collect, analyze, and disseminate impartial, 

comprehensive data about energy: how much is produced, who uses it, and the purposes for which il is used. To 

comply with this mandate, EIA collects energy data from a variety of sources covering a wide range of topics.2

How Was the Survey Conducted?

The data for this report are based on personal interviews and telephone interviews with householders from the 1993 

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) and the 1994 RTECS, conducted from 1993 through early 1995. 

The 1994 RTECS represents 96.6 million households, of which 84.9 million owned or had access to 156.8 million 

household motor vehicles in the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

The beginning-of-year data collection for the RTECS was combined with the 1993 RECS personal interviews in the 

fall of 1993. In 1994 and 1995, further data about the vehicle stock and vehicle-miles traveled were collected by 

telephone interviews. Mail questionnaires were sent to households that could not be contacted by telephone. Mid-year 

data collection during 1994 was conducted to identify vehicles acquired or disposed of during the first half of the year 

and to obtain estimated beginning or final odometer readings on those vehicles. The cnd-of-ycar data collection was 

conducted in the first 4 months of 1995. Al that time final odometer readings and changes in vehicle stock were 

collected.

The survey was used to collect data on actual vehicle-miles traveled for each vehicle in a household by obtaining the 

odometer reading at two points in time. Vehicle characteristic information (type of vehicle, engine size, number of 

cylinders, type of fuel system, etc.) was collected directly from respondents and from decoded Vehicle Identification 

Numbers. Vehicle fuel consumption and expenditures were estimated using vehicle fuel economies as calculated (and 

adjusted) by the Environmental Protection Agency and presented in miles per gallon and by motor fuel prices collected 

by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Are the Survey Results Statistically Significant?

Because the statistics published in this report are based on a sample of all residential housing units in the 50 States and 

the District of Columbia as of November 1993. the values are estimates rather than exact measures for the population. 

Certain estimates in ihcsc tables are suppressed due to large error levels or few sample observations. (Sec table 

footnotes for explanation.) Each table in the "Detailed Tables" section includes row and column relative standard error 

(RSE) factors to be used in calculating RSEs for individual table entries.

Unless stated otherwise, all comparisons reported in the text are statistically significant, bused on a standard test made 

at the 0.05 significance level. These tests were made using the actual RSE's computed by EIA. No adjustments were 

made for simultaneous inference.

Erwgy Information Admniairation/HouMtioM Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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How Is This Report Organized?

A discussion of the highlights of survey findings, featuring tables and figures that present information of special interest 

or that provide a finer analysis than is contained in the detailed tables, follows this section. The "Detailed Tables'* 

section that follows the main text contains extensive cross-tabulations of household characteristics, vehicle 

characteristics, and vehicle fuel consumption and expenditures. Definitions of the terms used in this report arc located 

in the Glossary.

How Can the Appendices Be Obtained?

The appendices (or this report are available electronically on the EIA web site at http://eia.doe.gov 

under "End Use Consumption". Printed copies are available from the National Energy Information 

Center at 202-586-8800 or lor the hearing Impaired by TTY: 202-586-1181.

Appendix A: "How the Survey Was Conducted" contains information about how the data

were collected and processed.

Appendix 8: 'Estimation Methodologies' describes the estimation procedures used.

Appendix C: "Quality of the Data" includes information on how to calculate RSEs for data in

the tables.

Appendix D: "Survey Forms" presents the forms on which data for the RTECS were

collected—Forms EIA-457A, EIA-457B, and EIA-876A-D.

Appendix E: Presents maps showing climate zones and Census Regions and Divisions. 

Appendix F: Lists related EIA publications on energy consumption.

Thank You ...

EIA gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of (he respondents in supplying the information used to produce (he 

estimates presented here.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicle* Energy Consumption 1994
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Figure 2.1 Number of Vehicles, 1983,1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994

_o

I

200 H

180

160 H

140

120

100

80

60

40 H

20 

0

U.S. Tola) vehicles

RASidenti.il Piissnngor Cars

Residential Light Trucks

1983 1965 1988

Survey Year

1991 1994

Note: U.S. total vehicles include motorcycles and buses, as well as other nonresfdential vehicles, which are excluded from the 

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

Sources: U.S. Total Vehicles: Energy Information Administration (EtA). Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EtA-0384(95) 

(Washington, OC. July 1996). Table 2.16. Residential Vehicles: • 1983—EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Vohidfs 

1983. DOBElA-O464(83) (Washington, DC, January 1985), Table 11. • 1985— EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Wifcfes 

1965. DOE/EIA-0464{85) (Washington, DC. April 1987), Table 6. • 1988— EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1986. 

DOE/EIA-0464(88) (Washington. DC, February 1990), Table6. • 1991— EIA. Household Vehicles Energy Consumption J991, 

DOE/EIA-0464(91) (Washington. OC, December 1993). TabieS. • 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.

Note: Totals may not equal sum ol components due to Independent rounding.

Figure 2.2 Number of Residential Vehicles by Type, 1988 and 1994

175 -i

1MB

w<D

.i

150 -

125 -

100

75

50 -

25

Car Pickup Truck Sport-UtiBty Mlnlvan

Vehicle Type

Large van Total

Sources: • 1986—Energy Information Administration. Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88) 

(Washington. DC. February 1990), Table 6. • 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.

Energy Information AdministralioiVHousehold Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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Figure 2.4 Sales of New Passenger Cars and New Light Trucks for Model 

Years 1980-1995

o

Passenger Cars

Light Trucks

1960 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1935 

Source: Federal Highway Administration, Summary ot Fuel Economy Performance (Washington, DC. Aprt 1996), p. 3.

) 995 sales of 9.2 million were about the same as they had been for model year 1980 (9.4 million). For model year 

1995, therefore, light trucks accounted for slightly more than one-third of total sales.

Sales data disaggregated by sector are not available, but changes in the composition of the residential fleet, as noted 

above, clearly reflect householders' growing preference for light trucks. That preference restrained the increase in the 

fuel economy of the residential fleet as a whole (see Chapter 4).

Light Trucks Were Kept In Operation Longer

Although the number of old passenger cars in the residential fleet declined rapidly from 1988 through 1994. old light 

trucks, particularly pickup trucks and large vans, were taken out of service at a slower rate. For example, the number 

of passenger cars of model year 1982 or earlier fell from 51 million in 1988 to 20 million in 1994. meaning that about 

two-thirds of those older passenger cars were retired from the residential fleet over the 7-year period (Figure 2.5). By 

comparison, the number of pre-1983 light trucks fell from 21 million to 11 million, meaning that only about one-half 

were retired.

The tendency to relain old light (rucks led to a difference in the average age of light trucks and passenger cars. In the 

1994 fleet, the average age of passengers cars was 8.1 years. Light trucks as a group averaged 8.5 years, but there was 

wide variation in the average age of different types of light trucks. For example, pickup trucks and large vans were, 

on average, 9.9 years old, whereas sport-utility vehicles averaged 6.6 years and mini vans averaged 4.8 years.

Light Trucks Were Most Prevalent in the West

In 1994. the western fleet had a high ratio of light trucks to passenger cars. Light trucks made up 37 percent of the 

residential fleet in the West, compared with 33 percent in the South, 30 percent in the Midwest, and 26 percent in the 

Northeast (Figure 2.6).

8 Energy Information AdmimatraUon/HouMhotd Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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as a whole were taken out of service at a slower rate than in the other regions of ihe country. For example, vehicles 

of model year 1988 or earlier accounted for a 64-pcrccnt share of all of the residential vehicles in the West. In the other 

regions of the country, the shares were lower 59 percent in the Midwest and 57 percent each in the South and 

Northeast.

The rural nature of much of the West may have contributed to the prevalence of light (rucks in the region. In general, 

rural areas had a higher ratio of light trucks to passenger cars than did urban areas. Rvcn California, the most populous 

State in the West, had a ratio above the national average. In California, 1 of every 3 residential vehicles was a light 

truck. In contrast, in New York fewer than 1 in 4 was.

Residential Vehicles at the Household Level

In 1994, the 156.8 million residential vehicles were divided among the 84.9 million households that had at least one 

vehicle, meaning that each of those households had an average of about 1.8 vehicles. Despite the increase in the total 

number of vehicles in the residential fleet from 1988 to 1994, the average number of vehicles per household remained 

at 1.8 because the growth in the number of households kept pace with the growth in the number of vehicles. An 

additional 12.5 million households, including many of the poorest households, had no vehicles.

Lower-Income Households Had Fewer Vehicles in 1994

Lower-income households—those with annual family incomes below $25,000—had, on average, 1.5 vehicles in 1994. 

Not surprisingly, households with annual family incomes of $25,000 or above had more vehicles—2.1, on average.

More Households in 1994 Had No Vehicles

In 1988 and 1991, the number of households without vehicles remained at about 10 million, even though the tola! 

numbcrof households rose 3.0 million from 1988 to 1991. In 1991, the share of households without vehicles was 

10.6 percent.

In 1994, by contrast, the share of households without vehicles jumped to 12,7 percent. The total number of households 

rose 2.7 million from 199) to 1994, while the number of households without vehicles rose 2.5 million.

The lowest-income households accounted for 83 percent of the total increase in the number of households without 

vehicles. (The lowest-income households are those categorized as eligible for Federal assistance because Iheir income 

is lower than 150 percent of the national poverty line or 60 percent of statewide median income, whichever is higher.7) 

In 1994, 30 percent of the Nation's lowest-income households were without vehicles, compared with a national 

average for all households of 13 percent.

Changes in Residential Vehicle Technology

The transportation sector relies almost entirely on petroleum. Because it also accounts for about two-thirds of U.S. total 

petroleum demand,' passenger cars and light trucks became a focus of efforts to use petroleum more efficiently, thereby 

restraining demand.

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 required passenger car and light truck manufacturers to mccl 

corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards applied on a fleet-wide basis for each manufacturer.* The CAFE 

standards, higher fuel prices in the 1970's and 1980's, and environmental quality initiatives such as the Clean Air Act 

Amendments of 1990 all contributed to increasing the demand for more fuel-efficient vehicles.

10 Energy Information Admlnl»tration/Hou8*hoid Vehicle* Energy Consumption 1994
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Figure 2.7 Average Engine Size for Residential Vehicles for Model

_c 

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O

1980-1995 Years

250 -

200

150 -

100

SO

1980

Fleet Averages

New Vehicle Averages I

At 175, average engine 

size was smallest for 

mode) year 1987 vehicles.

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

Sources: New Vehicle Averages: Environmental Protection Agency. Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy 

Trends Through 1996. EPA/AATDSG/Se-OI (Washington, DC. August 1996), Table 1. Fleet Averages: Energy Information 

Administration calculations made on the basis o) data from the Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey 1988, 

1991. and 1994. March 17.1997.

Figure 2.8 Number of Cylinders in Residential Vehicle Engines, 1988 and 1994

1988 1994

o

Io

Number of Cylinders

Sources: • 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88) 

(Washington. DC. February 1990). Table 6. • 1994—Table 5.1 in this report.

12 Energy Information MmlntetratlonMouMhoM Vehicles Enetgy Consumption 1994
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Figure 3.1 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Type of Vehicle, 1988, 1991, 

and 1994

2,000 -

a>

I

3

,0, 

v>

I

a

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1,000

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1994

Sources: • 1988—Energy Information AtfenMatraUon(EIA), Household Vehicles Energy Consun&ton 1998. 00€/EIA-0464(88) 

(Washington, OC, February 1990), Table 12 • 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, OOE/EIA-0464(91) 

(Washington. DC. December 1993). Table 14. • 1994—Table 5.7 in this report.

Figure 3.2 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household and per Vehicle 

by Survey Year, 1988, 1991, and 1994

25.0

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Sources: • 1988—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehictes Energy Consumption 1908. DOE/EIA-0464(88) 

(Washington. DC. February 1990), Tables 14 and 18. • 1991—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, DOE/EIA0464(91) (Washington. DC, December 1993), Tabtes 16 and 20. * 1994—Tables 5.9 and 5.15 in this report.

16 Eiwgy information AdmlnrtWtloiVHouMhoM VthlctM Energy Consumption 19M
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intensive itafc (New VorfcJ. However, even m sparsely populated States such as Wy

There are good reasons why per capita motor gasoline consumption may not be directly correlated with per capita 

vehicle-miles iraveJed. Estimates of total motor gasoline consumption could be greatly influenced by tourists visiting 

the State m numbers that arc many times the size of the resident population. In addition, some western States with 

small populations have major cross-country interstate highways passing through. Vehicles traveling on such highways 

consume motor gasoline that is then counted in thai State's consumption. Tourists and through traffic, largely 

unassociated with travel by Stare residents, would have the greatest relative effect on per capita ratios in States with 

large geographic areas and small populations. As an example, in 1 994 over 7 million people visited Wyoming with 

its population of 476 thousand, according to the Wyoming Department of Tourism. In order for tourism to have had 

the same relative effect in California, almost everyone in the United States would liavc had to have visited California 

nearly two times in 1994.

New Vehicles Are Driven More 

Vehicle 

than Older Vehicles age is closely correlated with the number of miles traveled: the newer the vehicle, the more miles it is driven, 

on average (Figure 3.4). In 1 994. the newest vehicles (model years 1994 and 1995") were driven (4.300 miles, about 

1.7 times as much as were the oldest vehicles (model years earlier than 1980. thai is. vehicles at least 14 years old in 

1994).

-Towever, the difference between the number of miles traveled by the oldest and newest vehicles became much less 

TOflouncedin 1994 than it had been in 1988. In 1988, the newest vehicles were driven (2.900 miles, more than twice 

s much as were flic oldest vehicles (those more than 14 years old in (988). The likely explanation for this trend is that

K oldest vehicles remaining in the residential fleet in 1994 were relatively newer, more fuel efficient, and probably

:orc reliable than were the oldest vehicles in the 1988 fleet.

Inside the Average 

Who U.S. Household: Drives pic in the average the Most? U.S. household in 1994 drove their vehicles 21.100 miles, far enough to travel from New Vorfc

'" to San Francisco seven times. That number, however, represents the average of about 85 million U.S.

ieholds with vehicles in 1994, and the average masks significant variation. For example, typical householder A,

Idcr person whose children had left home, drove only 8.600 miles in 1994. That same year, people in typical

ehold B. which included teenagers of driving age, drove 29,900 miles. And people in household C, which also

dcd teenagers of driving age and which had an income of $50,000 or more, drove 40,200 miles.

jmparing data on vehicle-miles traveled per household with details about household size, composition, and 

«," analysis can correlate the number of miles driven per household with factors such as how many people make 

• household, how many children live in the household, and how much money the household earns. The 

jntial Transportation Energy Consumpiion Survey is the only source of that information. Energy MomwMw) AdminIWra^ton/Mo*J*»^oW V«hlcl*s Energy Consump

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As explained in Ihc previous section, in 1994, the number of vehicles per household, 1.8, was about the same as it had 

been in 1988. so that per-household mileage increased at the same rate as per-vehicle mileage. In 1988, the pcrhousehold average was 18,595 miles, compared with the 21,100 miles averaged in 1994.

People in households of all sizes drove more in ! 994 than in 1988 (Figure 3.5). The difference between miles traveled 

in 1988 versus 1994 was dwarfed by the difference between miles traveled in the smallest households versus the 

largest. Travel in single-person households averaged 11,600 miles in 1994, about 800 miles more than in 1988. Travel 

in the typical household of four averaged 26,600, about 3,300 miles more than in 1988 but 15,000 more than (he 

smallest households.

As would be expected, the number of drivers in the household was an even more important influence on the number 

of miles traveled than was on the size of the household (Figure 3.6). Having three people in the household raised the 

number of vehicle-miles traveled by a factor of 2.2. Having three drivers in tlie household raised the number by a factor 

of 2.7. People in the average household with three drivers covered 33,100 vehicle-miles in 1994.

Teenagers in the Household Boosted Miles Traveled

In general, people in households with children drive more, and those with driving-age children traveled the most 

vehicle-miles of any category in 1994: 29,900 miles (Figure 3.7). First, the presence of children of driving age tends 

to increase the number of drivers in the household and, therefore, to increase the number of vehicle-miles traveled. 

Secondly, older children may create additional travel demands than do younger children. In households with younger 

children, the number of vehicle-miles driven is similar to the number of miles driven in households with two or more 

adults with no children and in which the householder is younger than 60. In fact, households with two adults or more 

registered the greatest 1988-10-1994 increase in the number of vehicle-miles traveled.

Figure 3.5 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Household by Household 

Size and Survey Year, 1988 and 1994

30 -i

Travel in single-person households 

Increased by 7 percent.

One Two Three 

Household Size

Four Five or More

Sources: * 1986—Energy Information Administration, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88) 

(Washington, DC, February 1990), Table 7. • 1994—Table 5.2 In this report.

Eniwgy information AdmfntstrattorWHouMhold Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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Older Drivers Cover Fewer Miles

Each residential vehicle has a primary driver. With the exception of 16- and 17-year-olds, primary drivers older than 

49 generally drive their vehicles fewer miles than do primary drivers younger than 50 (Figure 3.8). After age 49, the 

older the primary driver, the fewer were the vehicle-miles traveled per year in general. As primary drivers, those 80 

years and older averaged 6,100 miles per vehicle per year. The 16-year-old lt> 17-year-old age group averaged 9,600 

vehicle-miles per year. Among the four age groups (drivers of age 18 through 49). (he differences in number of 

vehicle-miles traveled per year were not statistically significant.

Figure 3.8 Residential Vehicle-Miles Traveled per Vehicle by Age of Primary Driver, 

1994

6.1

7.9

11.6

I

6 8 10 12 14 

Thousand Miles

16

Source: Table 5.15 in this report.

Higher Income Correlates with More Driving

In general, higher income is correlated with more vehicle-miles traveled per household (Figure 3.9). Annual household 

income of $50.000 or higher, when coupled with the presence of teenagers of driving age in the household, boosted 

average vehicle-miles traveled per household to 40.200 miles in 1994. And in households with that income and with 

two or more adulls and no children, vehicle-miles traveled averaged nearly 27,400. By comparison, in (hose 

households with annual income below $10,000, vehicle-miles traveled averaged only 13,200.

Household income does not correlate appreciably wilh the number of vchicle-miks (raveled per vehicle. However, 

there is a correlation between household income and the number of vehicles per household (Figure 3.10). Highincome households tend to have more vehicles and thus a higher per-household average of vehicle-miles traveled. It 

is important to note thai, in general, there is a positive correlation between higher household income, older age of head 

of household, a greater number of drivers, and an increased likelihood that the household will include children of 

driving age—all factors associated with a higher number of vehicle-miles per household. Households that include 

children 16 or 17 years old tend to have an older head of household. Older householders tend to have been in the work 

force longer, to have a correspondingly higher income, and to have more vehicles. For example, households with 

annual incomes of $50,000 or higher have nearly twice as many vehicles as do households with annual incomes below 

$10.000.

22 Energy Information AckninistrBtionlHouuhold Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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On Average, Newer Residential Vehicles Showed Little Improvement fn Fuel Economy

In general, fuel economy varies considerably by age and type of vehicle. However, there was relatively little variation 

for model years 1980 and later (Figure 4.1), which represented nearly 90 percent of all household vehicles. If all 

vehicles of model years 1979 and earlier were removed from the residential fleet, the overall fuel economy would only 

increase from 19.8 mpg to 21.0 mpg. Any major increase in future years must therefore derive not from the reliremenl 

of older vehicles but from improvements in technology, and buying patterns of consumers.

Figure 4.1 Average Fuel Economy of Residential Vehicles for Model Years 

Through 1995

21.7 21.5 21 *

205

3

O 

I

8

20

15

10

5 -

A —

v I 1 I I l I I r t I I I I 

<1977 1977-79 1980-62 1963-65 1986-68 1989-91 1992 1993 1994-95

Model Year 

Source: Table 5.3 in this report.

Federal Government Set Lower Fuef Economy Standards for Light Trucks

One of the major factors affecting the average fuel economy is the composition of the vehicle fleet. New passenger 

cars in 1994 were subject to CAFE standards of 27.5 mpg (unadjusted) and (he overall passenger fleet averaged 21.9 

mpg, compared with 19.7mpg in 1988 (Figure 4.2). New vehicles not classified as passenger cars—pickup trucks, 

sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and large vans, all classified as light-duly trucks— were subject to lower CAFE 

standards of 20.5 mpg (unadjusted) and the overall fleet averaged 16.8 mpg in 1994. That average compares with 15.3 

mpg in 1988. In 1994, large vans had the lowest mpg average of any category of light-duty truck and minivans had the 

highest. In addition to having lower CAFE standards, those vehicles were also cxcmpl from the "gas guzzler" tax, 

which may have an effect on encouraging consumers to switch from larger, less fuel economic passenger cars to 

vehicles like minivans and sport utility vehicles which are even less fuel economic.

The number of vehicles getting less than 13 miles per gallon decreased rapidly from 1988 lo 1994 (Figure 4.3). 

Residential vehicles gelling 22 or more mpg increased by nearly 38 percent between 1988 and 1994. The number of 

vehicles in the range between 13 and 21.9 mpg increased, especially in the 16 to 18.9 miles per gallon category. Those 

intermediate ranges are where many new minivans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and large vans would fall.

Household Composition and Income Had Little Effect on Residential Vehicle Fuel Economy

The fuel economy of vehicles in residential households showed tittle variation by household characteristics. 

Households without children did show an improvement in the fuel economy of their vehicles when the oldest adult was

26 Energy Information Admtnlatratlon/Houeeftoid vehicle* Energy Consumption 1994
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Approaches to Providing Fuel Economy Information

Survey Methodology Changed From Direct Reporting to Model-Based Estimation

Early cycles of the Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS) measured vehicle fuel use 

directly, by having households record odometer readings to report vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) while also keeping 

a diary of fuel purchases to compute on-road miles per gallon (mpg). In the 1988 and subsequent surveys, VMT 

reporting was kept, but diary data collection was discontinued. In its place, vehicle mpg is estimated for each 

sample vehicle by first identifying its Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) new car test values, measured under 

simulated driving conditions. The test values arc adjusted using a three-stage process. The first stage incorporates 

EPA's on-road adjustment factors developed in the early 1980s — a 22-percent reduction to the test value for 

highway mpg, and a 10-percent reduction to the lest value for cily mpg (Ihese reduced values are the ones shown 

on new vehicle stickers). Later stages are regression-based adjustments thai reflect amount of driving and climate.

The Model-Based Methodology Has Been Validated Twice

This adjustment process was developed in the mid- 1980"s. At that time, the adjusted mpg data were compared with 

log-based mpg data from the RTECS and were found to be within a few percent of each other for broad classes of 

vehicles and households. The closeness of the two methods suggested that the less-expensive adjustment process 

was a viable alternative to fuel-purchase logs.

After that lime, vehicle and driving environment characteristics such as engine and fuel-system technology. level 

of congestion, ratio of city and open highway travel, and vehicle type and vintage mix drastically changed. Because 

of those changes, the validity of the decade-old adjustment process came into question. In 1995, EIA studied 

vehicles from a 500-household subsampte of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) in order 

to compare fuel-log data with miles-pcr-gallon estimates used in the survey. The 1995 study allowed assessment 

of the effect of these changes on the relationship between log-based and EIA-estimated measures of fuel economy 

for the 1994 vehicle stock.

During (he months of February and May 1995, each respondent recorded the sample vehicle's odometer reading and 

fuel-gauge reading at the beginning and the end of the month. At the time of each fuel purchase for the sample 

vehicle during the month, the odomeier reading, the amount of fuel purchased, and the fuel gauge reading after 

fueling were recorded. That information was used to compute the fuel economy of me sample vehicle in miles per 

gallon. There were 492 respondents for this study.

Fuel Logs Continued To Be Comparable to EPA Ratings

A comparison of the results of the two methods showed thai for the total vehicle slock, the EPA-bascd estimates 

were slightly higher (by 3 percent) than log-based estimates in 1995. In general, the EPA-adjusted method seemed 

to be doing essentially the same job as it had been in 198S. Therefore. Ihere was no compelling reason to return 

to log-based data collection in subsequent RTECS. Further research is needed to assess whether any changes are 

warranted in the regression model that reflects the individual driving adjustment, and, in fact, it is not clear that any 

definitive conclusions could be made about changing the model, due to (he relatively small number of cases in the 

research study. Any official change in the shortfall adjustment would have to come from EPA; there is no indication 

that a change is needed at this time.

28 Energy Information Adminiitration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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Fuel Consumption Increased in 1994

In 1991, 82.8 billion gallons of motor fuel were consumed by the passenger cars, minivans. sport-utility vehicles, 

pickup trucks, and large vans that comprise the residential vehicle fleet (Figure 4.6). That level of consumption was 

nrt significantly different from the 1988 level of 82.4 billion gallons. But in 1994, consumption totaled 90.6 billion 

gallons, a 9-perceni increase. The nearly 8-bill ion -gallon increase was roughly the equivalent of motor fuel imports 

of half a million barrels per day foraycar.

The number of vehicle-miles traveled showed steady growth during the 1991-to-1994 period. One reason that total 

consumption rose more rapidly than the number of miles traveled during the period was the slowdown in the increase 

in the fuel economy of the residential fleet.

Passenger Cars Consumed the Largest Share of Motor Fuel

Although passenger cars still accounted for most of the motor fuel consumed by residential vehicles, their share of the 

total declined from nearly 70 percent in 1988 to 60 percent in 1994 (Figure 4.7). The decrease came as a result of 

growing consumer preferences for minivans. pickup trucks, and sport-utility vehicles. In the future, as light trucks 

continue to increase as a percentage of the residential fleet, their higher number of vehicle-miles traveled and lower 

fuel economies will accelerate the total amount of fuel they consume.

Figure 4.6 Total Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1983, 1985,1988, 

1991, and 1994

100 90,6

(0

To 

O

c 

g

m

20 -

1983 1985 1988

Survey Year

1991 1994

$OUIC*8: • 1983—Energy Intorniafon Administration (EIA). Consumption Pafttm* of Household Vehicles 1963, DOE/EIA0464(83) (Washington. DC. January 1985). Tabte 11. • 1985—EIA. Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 1985. 

DOE/EIA-0464(85) (Washington. DC, April 1987). Table 8. • 1988—EIA, Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988. 

DOE/EtA-0464<88) (Washington. DC. February 1990). Tabte 6. • 1991—EIA. Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991. 

DOE/EIA-0464(91) (Washington, DC. December 1993). Table 8. • 1994—Table 5.1 In this report.

BUTgy Information Admin Istratlon/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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Figure 4.8 Average Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Type of Vehicle, 

1988 and 1994

o

1,000

800

600

400

200

844 1994

1968

Passenger Car Pickup Truck Sport-Utility Minivan Large Van Total

Sources: ••—1988 Energy Information Administration. Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1988, DOE/EIA-0464(88) 

(Washington, DC, February 1990). Table 8. • 1994—Table 5.3 in this report

Figure 4.9 Average Residential Vehicle Fuel Consumption per Vehicle for Model 

Years Through 1995

800 n

700

520

On average, the newest and ! 

oldest vehicles consumed 

in* most fuel.

Driven More

<1977 1977-79 1980-82 1983-85 1986-88 1989-91

Model Year

1992 1993 1994-95

Source: Table 5.3 In this report

32 Energy Information AdmfntatrBttoiVHouMhok) Vehicle* Energy Consumption 1994
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Figure 4.11 Average Fuel Expenditures per Residential Vehicle by Survey Year, 

1980, 1983, 1985,1988, 1991, and 1994

Inflatron-Adjusted Dollars

1980 1963 1985 1988

Survey Year

1991 1994

Sources: Fuel Expenditures: • 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 

1983, DOE/EIA-O464(S3) (Washington, DC. January 1985), Table 7. • 1985—EIA, Consumption Patterns of Household Vehicles 

1985, DOE/EIA-0464(85) (Washington, DC. April 1987), Table 8. • 1988—EIA. Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1968, 

DOE/EIA-0464(88) (Washington, DC, February 1990). Table 8. • 1991—EIA. Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1991, 

DOE/EIA-0464(91) (Washington, DC, December 1993). Table 10. • 1994—Tabte 5.3 In this report. Implicit Price Deflators: 

, Annual Energy Rovbw 1995, DOE/EIA-03B4(95) (Washington. DC. July 1996), Tabte E1.

Figure 4.12 Average Vehicle Fuel Expenditures per Household, 1994

Age in Years of 

Householder, 

Households Wlirx>ut 

Children, TWo or 

More Adults

Ago in Yoofs of 

Householder. Households Without 

Children. Ona Adult

Age in Years of Oldest 

Child. Households With Children

i

60 Years or More 

35 to 59 Years 

Under 35 Years

60 Years or More 

35 to 59 Years 

Under 35 Years

16 or 17 Years 

7 to 15 Years 

Under 7 Years

Average of Households Without Children 

Average of Households With Children 

Average of All Households

13 500 1.000 1.500 2.000

Dollars

Source: Table 5.2 m this report.

34 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
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Text Notes and Sources

Chapter 1

1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Summary of Fuel Economy Performance, April 1996, (Washington, DC, April 

1996), p. 4.

2. EIA conducts numerous energy-related surveys. In general, the surveys can be divided into two broad groups: supply 

surveys, directed to the suppliers and marketers of specific energy sources, that measure the quantities of specific fuels 

produced for and/or supplied to the market; and consumption surveys, which gather information on the types of energy 

used by the end users along with the characteristics of those end users that are associated with energy use. The RTECS 

belongs to the consumption group because it collects information directly from the end user, the household.

Chapter 2

3. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July 1996), 

Table 1.5.

4. 1988—Federal Highway Administration (FHA), Highway Statistics 1988, FHWA-PL-89-003 (Washington, DC, 

September 1989), Table DL-1B. 1994—FHA, Highway Statistics 1994, FHWA-PL-95-042 (Washington, DC, October 

1995), Table DL-1B.

5. "Chained dollars" is a measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove 

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference 

year (in this case, 1992). Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the weights 

of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce introduced 

the chained-dollar measure. The new measure is based on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs 

of years. It is "chained" because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomes the first year of the next pair. 

The advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is more closely related to any given period covered and 

is therefore subject to less distortion over time.

6. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July 

1996), Table 5.21.

7. Energy Information Administration, Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993, DOE/EIA-0321 (93) 

(Washington, DC, October 1995), p. 296.

8. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95) (Washington, DC, July 

1996), Table 5.12b.

9. International Trade Association, "Corporate Average Fuel Economy Explained." Online. 

(http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/basic/cafe.html) (March 5, 1997).

10. Environmental Protection Agency, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1996, 

EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01 (Washington, DC, August 1996), Table 1.

11. Environmental Protection Agency, Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1996, 

EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01 (Washington, DC, August 1996), Table 1.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 37
Chapter 3

12. 1988—Federal Highway Administration (FHA), Highway Statistics 1988, FHWA-PL-98-003 (Washington, DC, 

September 1989), Table DL-1B. 1994—FHA, Highway Statistics 1994, FHWA-PL-95-042 (Washington, DC, October 

1995), Table DL-1B.

13. The 1994 residential vehicle fleet included a small number of 1995 model year vehicles.

14. Energy Information Administration calculation based on mileage from New York City to San Francisco of 2,946, 

as cited in Rand McNally & Company, Rand McNally Motor Carriers' Road Atlas 1991, p. 148.

15. The 1993 household data used in this report are collected by the Residential Energy Consumption Survey, another 

end-use consumption survey conducted by the Energy Information Administration.

Chapter 4

16. Table 5.18 in this report.

38 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Chapter 5. Detailed Tables

The following tables present detailed characteristics of vehicles in the residential sector. Data are from the 1994 

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

Table Organization

The "Detailed Tables" section consists of three types of tables: (1) Tables of totals such as number of vehicle-miles 

traveled (VMT) or gallons consumed; (2) tables of per household statistics such as VMT per household; and (3) tables 

of per-vehicle statistics, such as vehicle fuel consumption per vehicle. The tables have been grouped together by 

specific topics such as model-year data or family-income data to facilitate finding related information. The QuickReference Guide to the detailed tables indicates major topics of each table.

Quick-Reference Guide

Topic Table Number

Summary

Totals 5.1 

Per Household 5.2 

Per Vehicle 5.3

Vehicle Model Year

Total Vehicles 5.4 

Miles per Gallon 5.5 

Gallons per Vehicle 5.6

Family Income

Total Miles Traveled 5.7 

Total Gallons 5.8 

Miles per Household 5.9 

Gallons per Household 5.10

Household Composition

Total Vehicles 5.11 

M iles per Household 5.12

Miles per Gallon

Per Vehicle 5.13

Vehicle Type

Total Gallons 5.14 

Miles per Vehicle 5.15 

Total Vehicles 5.16

Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures

Number of Households 5.17

Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures

Dollars per Hou sehold 5.18

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 39
Row and Column Factors

These tables present estimates of characteristics, vehicle fuel consumption, miles driven, and fuel efficiencies for all 

vehicles used for personal transportation in the United States. Since the estimates are based on a sample survey, they 

are subject to error. To help the reader compute an approximate relative standard error (RSE) for each of the estimates 

in the detailed tables, row and column factors are displayed on the top line and in the far-right column of each table. 

To calculate the RSE for a specific estimate, multiply the row factor by the column factor.

Using Row and Column Factors to Estimate the Standard Error

RSEs were calculated for all statistics in this publication, although they cannot be presented due to space limitations. 

However, the RSEs are presented in a generalized form. The method of presenting generalized RSEs of statistics uses 

sets of row and column factors inserted in the top row and right-most column of figures in each table. This method 

of presentation allows the readers to calculate an approximate RSE for each statistic. To estimate the RSE of a statistic

RSEAtj = Rf X Cj

in the i* row and j"1 column of a particular table, the approximation RSEAU for the original RSEtj is given by: Where: 

R, is the RSE row factor given at the right-most margin of row i in the tables, and C. is the RSE column factor given 

at the top of column j.

Total Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the Northeast Census Region = 299 billion miles

R (Northeast Census Region) = 5.7 

C (Vehicle-Miles Traveled) =1.1

Approximate RSE

(Total Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the Northeast Census Region) = (5.7) X (1.1) = 6.27 percent

Approximate Standard Error

(Total Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the Northeast Census Region) = (5.7) X (1.1) X 299/100

= 18.75 billion miles

Approximate 2 Standard Errors

(95 percent confidence interval) = (1.96) X (18.75) = 36.74 billion miles

Therefore, with approximately 95 percent confidence, the total vehicle-miles traveled in the Northeast Census 

Region in 1994 was between 262.26 billion and 335.74 billion miles (299 ± 36.74)

The following example illustrates this procedure:

Referencing the second row of Table 5.1 labeled "Northeast," and the third column labeled "Vehicle-Miles Traveled 

(billion)," yields an estimate of 299 billion miles driven. The RSE row factor is R2 = 5.7, and the RSEcolumn factor 

is C3 = 1.1. The approximate RSE for the estimate is, therefore,

RSEA2_ 3 = 5.7x1.1 = 6.27 percent

The standard error derived from row and column factors can be used to construct confidence intervals and to perform 

hypothesis tests by standard statistical methods. However, because the generalized variance procedure gives only

40 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
approximate RSEs, such confidence intervals and statistical tests must also be regarded as only approximate. For the 

example above, the RSE determined directly by the half-sample method is actually 3.9 percent, not 6.27 percent.

Determination of the Standard Error of the Difference Between Two Statistics

The procedure used to compute the standard error of the difference between two statistics follows: 

SE(xi -x2) =

This procedure assumes the two statistics are not correlated. The following example illustrates this procedure. 

Households with children drove an average of 24,800 miles per household in 1994. Households without children drove 

an average of 18,900 miles, for a difference of 5,900 miles. The RSEs for households with and without children are 

2.7 and 4.6, respectively. The corresponding standard errors are 670 miles and 869 miles, respectively. Therefore, 

the standard error for the difference is:

SE(5,900) - \/[670] 2 + [869] 2 = 1,097 miles.

If 1.96 times the standard error is greater than the difference between the statistics, the difference is not statistically 

significant at the .05 level of significance (the level used to test significance of inferences in this report). In this 

example, 1.96 times the standard error equals 1,494 miles, while the difference is 6,300 miles. Therefore, the con 

clusion is that, in 1994, there was a significant difference in average mileage driven per household between households 

with and without children.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 41

Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption and Expenditures, 1994

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of 

Vehicles

(million)

0.9

(percent)

0.8

Vehicle-Miles 

Traveled

(billion)

1.1

(percent)

1.0

Motor Fuel 

Consumption

(billion 

gallons)

1.1

(gallon 

percent)

1.0

(quadril 

lion Btu)

1.1

Motor Fuel 

Expenditures

(billion 

dollars)

1.1

(percent)

1.0

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total 156.8 100.0 100.0 90.6 100.0 11.2 104.7 100.0 2.8

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic .............................

East North Central .......................

West North Central ......................

South .............................................

East South Central ......................

West South Central .....................

West ..............................................

Largest Populated States

NewYork ........................................

Urban Status

Central City .................................

Rural ..............................................

Household Size

Household Composition

Age of Oldest Child

7 to 15 Years .............................

16 or 17 Years...........................

Households Without Children ........ 

One Adult ....................................

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years .........................

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years .......................

35 to 59 Years .........................

26.6

7.6

19.0

41.1

29.0

12.1

56.0

28.4

11.1

16.4

33.1

9.8

23.3

17.0

8.8

7.8

11.0

119.4

40.1

79.3

37.4

19.5

55.4

31.7

29.5

14.4

6.3

64.6

17.1

32.3

15.2

92.2 

19.5

4.1

7.6

7.9

72.6

13.8

33.9

24.9

17.0

4.8

12.1

26.2

18.5

7.7

35.7

18.1

7.1

10.5

21.1

6.2

14.9

10.8

5.6

5.0

7.0

76.2

25.6

50.6

23.8

12.5

35.3

20.2

18.8

9.2

4.0

41.2

10.9

20.6

9.7

58.8 

12.5

2.6

4.8

5.0

46.3

8.8

21.6

15.9

299

84

215

479

335

144

655

345

121

190

360

105

255

188

104

89

124

1,360

434

927

433

197

602

379

355

176

84

796

206

399

191

997 

197

53

85

60

800

174

393

232

16.7

4.7

12.0

26.7

18.7

8.0

36.6

19.2

6.7

10.6

20.1

5.8

14.2

10.5

5.8

5.0

6.9

75.9

24.2

51.7

24.1

11.0

33.6

21.1

19.8

9.8

4.7

44.4

11.5

22.2

10.7

55.6 

11.0

2.9

4.7

3.3

44.6

9.7

21.9

13.0

14.5

4.1

10.4

23.8

16.7

7.2

33.5

17.1

6.3

10.1

18.8

5.9

12.9

9.5

5.1

4.3

6.6

67.5

21.4

46.1

23.1

9.6

30.6

18.9

18.1

9.1

4.2

40.4

10.3

20.5

9.6

50.2 

9.6

2.4

4.1

3.0

40.6

8.1

20.2

12.4

16.0

4.5

11.4

26.3

18.4

7.9

36.9

18.8

7.0

11.1

20.7

6.5

14.3

10.5

5.6

4.7

7.3

74.5

23.6

50.9

25.5

10.6

33.8

20.9

20.0

10.0

4.7

44.6

11.4

22.6

10.6

55.4 

10.6

2.7

4.6

3.4

44.8

8.9

22.3

13.6

1.8

0.5

1.3

2.9

2.1

0.8

4.2

2.1

0.8

1.2

2.4

0.7

1.6

1.2

0.6

0.5

0.8

8.4

2.7

5.8

2.8

1.2

3.8

2.4

2.2

1.1

0.5

5.0

1.3

2.5

1.2

6.2 

1.2

0.3

0.5

0.4

5.0

1.0

2.5

1.5

17.2

4.8

12.4

26.5

18.5

8.0

37.7

19.2

7.2

11.3

23.4

7.2

16.2

11.9

5.8

5.0

7.3

78.6

25.1

53.4

26.1

11.1

35.3

21.9

21.0

10.5

5.0

46.7

12.0

23.7

11.1

58.0 

11.1

2.9

4.8

3.5

46.9

9.3

23.3

14.2

16.4

4.6

11.8

25.3

17.7

7.6

36.0

18.3

6.9

10.8

22.3

6.9

15.4

11.4

5.6

4.8

7.0

75.0

24.0

51.0

25.0

10.6

33.7

20.9

20.0

10.0

4.7

44.6

11.4

22.6

10.6

55.4 

10.6

2.7

4.6

3.3

44.8

8.9

22.3

13.6

5.7

13.8

5.8

4.5

5.6

8.3

5.0

5.7

6.0

14.8

6.7

12.0

8.2

10.2

5.3

9.2

16.6

2.7

8.8

4.5

5.1

6.4

4.2

6.7

6.7

12.2

18.2

4.5

10.1

6.3

10.8

3.4 

6.4

15.7

11.1

9.4

3.9

12.6

6.9

7.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 43
Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption 

and Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Race of Householder

White .................................................

Black .................................................

Other .................................................

Hispanic Descent

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

1993 Family Income

$5,000 to $9,999 ...............................

$10,000 to $14,999 ...........................

$15,000 to $19,999 ...........................

$20,000 to $24,999 ...........................

$25,000 to $34,999 ...........................

$35,000 to $49,999 ...........................

$50,000 to $74,999 ...........................

Below Poverty Line

125 Percent .......................................

150 Percent .......................................

Number of 

Vehicles

(million)

0.9

138.6 

11.2 

7.0

10.7 

146.1

3.1 

7.8 

12.5 

14.2 

14.4 

24.1 

33.6 

28.0 

19.1

12.4 

18.2 

25.7

(percent)

0.8

Vehicle-Miles 

Traveled

(billion)

1.1

88.4 1,592 

7.1 125 

4.5 77

6.8 122 

93.2 1,671

1.9 35 

5.0 77 

8.0 128 

9.1 152 

9.2 158 

15.4 287 

21.4 390 

17.9 331 

12.2 234

7.9 133 

11.6 199 

16.4 285

(percent)

1.0

Motor Fuel 

Consumption

(billion 

gallons)

1.1

88.8 80.5 

7.0 6.3 

4.3 3.7

6.8 6.2 

93.2 84.4

2.0 1.7 

4.3 4.0 

7.1 6.6 

8.5 8.0 

8.8 8.0 

16.0 14.7 

21.7 19.5 

18.5 16.2 

13.1 11.9

7.4 6.9 

11.1 10.3 

15.9 14.7

(gallon 

percent)

1.0

88.9 

7.0 

4.1

6.8 

93.2

1.9 

4.4 

7.3 

8.8 

8.9 

16.2 

21.5 

17.9 

13.1

7.6 

11.4 

16.3

(quadril 

lion Btu)

1.1

Motor Fuel 

Expenditures

(billion 

dollars)

1.1

10.0 92.9 

0.8 7.3 

0.5 4.5

0.8 7.3 

10.4 97.4

0.2 2.0 

0.5 4.6 

0.8 7.6 

1.0 9.1 

1.0 9.3 

1.8 16.9 

2.4 22.6 

2.0 18.7 

1.5 13.9

0.9 8.0 

1.3 11.9 

1.8 17.0

(percent)

1.0

88.7 

7.0 

4.3

7.0 

93.0

1.9 

4.3 

7.3 

8.7 

8.9 

16.2 

21.5 

17.9 

13.3

7.7 

11.4 

16.3

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

2.4 

13.1 

20.1

14.4 

2.9

21.9 

14.8 

9.9 

10.1 

9.3 

6.4 

6.2 

7.0 

9.7

11.2 

10.4 

9.8

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

31.8 20.3 347 19.4 17.9 19.7 2.2 20.7 19.7 8.6

1 ...............................................

2 ...............................................

3 ...............................................

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ..........................

18 to 22 Years ..........................

23 to 29 Years ..........................

30 to 39 Years ..........................

40 to 49 Years ..........................

50 to 59 Years ..........................

60 to 69 Years ..........................

70 to 79 Years ..........................

Sex of Primary Driver

Male .........................................

........ 32.4

........ 91.6

........ 22.2

........ 9.7

........ 1.1

........ 4.4

........ 8.4

........ 22.6

........ 22.3

........ 14.9

........ 10.6

........ 8.6

........ 2.6

........ 61.3

........ 43.4

........ 52.2

........ 61.2

20.6

58.5

14.2

6.2

0.7

2.8

5.3

14.4

14.2

9.5

6.8

5.5

1.6

39.1

27.7

33.3

39.0

334

1,061

267

124

11

56

111

276

276

174

99

68

16

707

506

581

706

18.6

59.2

14.9

6.9

0.6

3.1

6.2

15.4

15.4

9.7

5.5

3.8

0.9

39.4

28.2

32.4

39.4

16.5

54.3

13.4

6.0

0.5

2.5

5.1

14.0

14.0

9.0

5.3

3.7

0.9

35.6

23.5

31.5

35.6

18.2

59.9

14.8

6.6

0.6

2.8

5.6

15.4

15.5

10.0

5.8

4.1

1.0

39.3

26.0

34.7

39.3

2.0

6.7

1.7

0.7

0.1

0.3

0.6

1.7

1.7

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.1

4.4

2.9

3.9

4.4

19.2

62.8

15.5

6.9

0.6

2.9

5.9

16.3

16.3

10.5

6.2

4.2

1.0

40.9

27.3

36.5

40.9

18.3

59.9

14.8

6.6

0.5

2.8

5.6

15.5

15.6

10.0

5.9

4.1

1.0

39.0

26.1

34.9

39.0

5.4

3.3

9.3

14.0

32.4

14.7

9.8

6.0

5.9

7.9

9.5

9.7

18.5

7.3

2.8

3.1

7.2

See footnotes at end of table.

44 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.1. U.S. Number of Vehicles, Vehicle-Miles, Motor Fuel Consumption 

and Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number of 

Vehicles

(million)

0.9

(percent)

0.8

Vehicle-Miles 

Traveled

(billion)

1.1

(percent)

1.0

Motor Fuel 

Consumption

(billion 

gallons)

1.1

(gallon 

percent)

1.0

(quadril 

lion Btu)

1.1

Motor Fuel 

Expenditures

(billion 

dollars)

1.1

(percent)

1.0

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part- Year Vehicle ..............................

Only 1 ...............................................

Only2 ................................................

Only 3 ................................................

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

1994(01995 .....................................

1993 ..................................................

1992 ..................................................

1989(01991 .....................................

1986(01988 .....................................

1QQQ trt 1 Qfl^

1980(01982 .....................................

1977(0 1979 .....................................

1976 or Earlier ...................................

Type of Vehicle

Sport Utility ........................................

Oth^r

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

11 to 12.9 ..........................................

13to 15.9 ..........................................

16(018.9 ..........................................

1Q tn 91 P

22 to 24.9 .........................................

OC \n OQ Q

Engine Size (liters)

2.50 to 3.49 ......................................

q rr\ »— A AQ

Q

28.6

8.4

56.9

13.5

25.2

7.9

14.8

7.2

10.4

11.4

35.0

36.3

25.6

10.9

9.5

10.6

106.4

8.1

9.5

3.4

28.8

Q

7.0

8.9

18.9

26.5

35.2

28.2

24.9

7.2

59.8

30.1

24.0

42.8

Q

18.2

5.4

36.3

8.6

16.1

5.1

9.5

4.6

6.6

7.3

22.3

23.1

16.3

7.0

6.0

6.8

67.9

5.2

6.1

2.2

18.4

Q

4.5

5.7

12.0

16.9

22.4

18.0

15.9

4.6

38.2

19.2

15.3

27.3

Q

306

107

659

163

274

100

169

103

142

149

436

411

270

107

88

87

1,200

108

121

40

320

Q

39

79

183

278

423

361

324

105

699

364

283

448

Q

17.1

6.0

36.7

9 1

15.3

5.6

9.4

5.7

7.9

8.3

24.3

22.9

15.1

6.0

4.9

4.9

66.9

6.0

6.7

2.2

17.8

Q

2.2

4.4

10.2

15.5

23.6

20.1

18.1

5.9

39.0

20.3

15.8

25.0

Q

14.8

5.4

32.9

8.5

14.5

4.9

8.7

5.0

6.6

6.9

20.7

19.0

13.3

5.6

6.3

7.2

54.7

5.5

7.4

2.9

19.6

Q

4.1

6.5

12.6

15.9

20.8

15.5

12.0

3.2

27.4

17.5

15.1

30.6

Q

16.4

6.0

36.4

9.4

16.0

5.5

9.6

5.5

7.3

7.7

22.8

20.9

14.7

6.1

7.0

7.9

60.4

6.1

8.2

3.2

21.7

Q

4.6

7.2

13.9

17.5

22.9

17.1

13.3

3.5

30.3

19.3

16.6

33.8

Q

1.8

0.7

4.1

1.1

1.8

0.6

1.1

0.6

0.8

0.9

2.6

2.4

1.7

0.7

0.8

0.9

6.8

0.7

0.9

0.4

2.4

Q

0.5

0.8

1.6

2.0

2.6

1.9

1.5

0.4

3.4

2.2

1.9

3.8

Q

17.3

6.3

38.1

9

Q

16.8

5.6

10.1

5.8

7.7

8.0

23.9

22.0

15.3

6.4

7.3

8.2

63.3

6.3

8.7

3.3

22.6

Q

4.7

7.6

14.5

18.4

24.2

17.8

13.8

3.6

31.7

20.3

17.3

35.5

Q

16.5

6.0

36.4

9.4

16.0

5.4

Q R

5.5

7.4

7.7

22.8

21.0

14.6

6.1

7.0

7.8

60.4

6.0

8.3

3.1

21.6

Q

4.5

7.3

13.9

17.6

23.1

17.0

13.2

3.5

30.2

19.4

16.5

33.9

NF

6.0

13.6

4.5

g 7

7.9

14.8

12.5

9.8

7.3

7.1

4.1

5.0

6.5

10.5

12.9

13.9

2.5

o.o

8.9

14.9

5.4

NF

13.0

12.0

7.2

6.0

5.1

6.1

5.2

13.5

3.9

4.6

6.5

4.8

See footnotes at end of tableEnergy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 45
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and 

Expenditures, 1994 (Continued) ___

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number

of

Vehicles 

(million)

1.8

Average per Vehicle

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled 

(thousands)

1.0

Consumption 

(gallons)

1.0

Expenditures 

(dollars)

1.0

Miles per 

Gallon

0.5

RSE

Row

Factor:

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 138.6

Black ................................................. 11-2

Other ................................................. 7.0

Hispanic Descent

Yes .................................................... 10.7

No...................................................... 146.1

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000 ............................... 3.1

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 7.8

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 12.5

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 14.2

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 14.4

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 24.1

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 33.6

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 28.0

$75,000 or More ................................ 19.1

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent....................................... 12.4 125 Percent ....................................... 18.2 150 Percent....................................... 25.7

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 31.8

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................ 32.4

2 ........................................................ 91.6

3 ........................................................ 22.2

4 or More ........................................... 9.7

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ................................... 1.1

18 to 22 Years ................................... 4.4 23 to 29 Years ................................... 8.4

30 to 39 Years ................................... 22.6 40 to 49 Years ................................... 22.3 50 to 59 Years ................................... 14.9 60 to 69 Years ................................... 10.6

70 to 79 Years ................................... 8.6 80 Years and Over ............................ 2.6 Don't Know ........................................ 61.3

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 43.4

Male .................................................. 52.2

Don't Know ........................................ 61.2

11.5

11.2

10.9

11.4

11.4

11.5

9.9

10.2

10.7

11.0

11.9

11.6

11.8

12.3

10.7

10.9

11.1

10.9

10.3

11.6

12.0

12.8

9.6

12.9

13.3

12.2

12.4

11.6

9.3

7.9

6.1

11.5

11.7

11.1

11.5

581

564

531

579

578

558

510

529

562

558

610

580

579

620

558

568

574

562

511

592

604

615

453

581

605

618

629

605

498

427

345

580

542

603

581

670

655

645

687

667

659

581

611

644

647

703

671

668

727

647

655

664

651

593

685

696

709

510

664

704

719

732

703

580

493

395

667

629

700

668

19.8

19.8

20.5

19.7

19.8

20.7

19.3

19.4

19.0

19.8

19.6

20.0

20.4

19.8

19.2

19.2

19.3

19.4

20.2

19.6

19.9

20.8

21.2

22.1

22.0

19.7

19.7

19.2

18.7

18.5

17.7

19.9

21.5

18.5

19.9

1.4 

5.5 

7.6

6.2 

1.4

10.4 

9.7 

4.8 

4.7 

5.1 

3.7 

2.7 

3.0 

4.2

6.8 

5.4 

5.0

4.2

3.0 

1.8 

4.3 

5.7

15.8

7.4

4.3

3.0

2.9

3.8

4.4

4.8

12.1

4.1

1.8 

2.0 

4.1

See footnotes at end of table.

50 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and 

Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number 

of 

Vehicles 

(million)

1.8

Average per Vehicle

Vehicle-Miles 

Traveled 

(thousands)

1.0

Consumption 

(gallons)

1.0

Expenditures 

(dollars)

1.0

Miles per 

Gallon

0.5

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Onlyl ................................................

Only 2 ................................................

Only 3 ................................................

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

1994 to 1995 .....................................

1 Qcn

1992 ..................................................

1989(01991 .....................................

1986 to 1988 .....................................

1983(01985 .....................................

1980(01982 .....................................

1977(01979 .....................................

Type of Vehicle

Sport Utility ........................................

Large Van ..........................................

Other .................................................

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

11 to 12.9 ..........................................

13 to 15.9 ..........................................

16 to 18.9 ..........................................

19 to 21.9 ..........................................

22 to 24.9 .........................................

25 to 29.9 ..........................................

Engine Size (liters)

2.50 to 3.49 .......................................

3.50104.49 .......................................

Q

28.6

8.4

56.9

13.5

25.2

7.9

14.8

7.2

10.4

11.4

35.0

36.3

25.6

10.9

9.5

10.6

106.4

8.1

9.5

3.4

28.8

Q

7.0

8.9

18.9

26.5

35.2

28.2

24.9

7.2

59.8

30.1

24.0

42.8

Q

10.7

12.6

11.6

12.0

10.9

12.7

11.4

14.3

13.7

13.1

12.4

11.3

10.6

9.8

9.3

8.2

11.3

13.4

12.7

11.7

11.1

Q

5.6

8.8

9.7

10.5

12.0

12.8

13.0

14.7

11.7

12.1

11.7

10.5

Q

518

642

579

630

576

623

588

697

641

610

590

522

520

510

671

676

514

682

778

844

682

Q

586

733

666

599

590

550

483

443

458

580

626

716

Q

605

740

670

724

664

708

679

809

746

706

682

606

598

588

773

776

595

782

911

966

786

Q

675

856

770

694

688

630

554

508

529

673

720

829

Q

20.7

19.7

20.0

19.1

18.9

20.3

19.5

20.5

21.4

21.5

21.1

21.7

20.3

19.3

13.9

12.2

21.9

19.7

16.3

13.8

16.3

Q

Q £,

12.0

14.6

17.5

20.4

23.3

27.0

33.3

25.5

20.8

18.8

14.6

NF

3.2

5.3

2.3

4.1

4.0

7.1

4.6

4.4

3.8

3.6

2.4

2.7

3.6

6.3

8.0

8.1

1.5

3.5

4.3

9.3

2.9

NF

7.5

8.0

4.2

3.2

2.6

2.4

2.5

4.5

2.3

2.3

3.6

2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household. Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 51
Table 5.3. U.S. per Vehicle Miles Traveled, Vehicle Fuel Consumption and 

Expenditures, 1994 (Continued)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Number

of

Vehicles 

(million)

1.8

Average per Vehicle

Vehicle-Miles

Traveled 

(thousands)

1.0

Consumption 

(gallons)

1.0

Expenditures 

(dollars)

1.0

Miles per 

Gallon

0.5

RSE

Row

Factor:

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................ 61.5

6 ........................................................ 52.3

8 ........................................................ 41.6

Other ................................................. 1.3

Type of Transmission

Automatic .......................................... 117.5

Manual Shift ...................................... 39.3

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ...................................... 74.9

Rear-Wheel ....................................... 64.3

4-Wheel ............................................. 17.6

Type of Fuel System

Carburetor ......................................... 76.4

Fuel Injection ..................................... 78.2

Diesel Engine .................................... 2.2

Type of Fuel Purchased

Motor Gasoline .................................. 153.4

Unleaded ......................................... 151.5

Regular Grade ............................... 104.2

Intermediate Grade ....................... 20.6

Premium Grade ............................. 26.7

Leaded ............................................ Q

Gasohol ............................................. 1.4

Diesel Fuel ........................................ 1.8

Type of Primary Service

Full-Service Pumps ........................... 13.8

Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 139.8

Both Equally ...................................... 2.9

Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q

Vehicle Used for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes .................................................... 95.3

No...................................................... 61.5

11.6

12.1

10.5

10.6

11.4

11.6

11.9

10.8

11.9

10.5

12.4

11.5

11.4

11.5 

11.5 

11.5 

11.2

Q

11.7 

12.0

9.9 

11.6 

10.3

Q

12.3

10.0

460

618

706

411

594

528

509

618

722

574

579

652

575

574

575

567

577

Q

663 

673

492

587

546

Q

611

527

530

714

818

507

686

615

588

713

846

662

670

812

665 

664 

637 

690 

750 

Q

718 

838

584

677

648

Q

706

609

25.2

19.5

14.8

25.9

19.1

22.0

23.4

17.4

16.5

18.3

21.3

17.6

19.8

19.9

20.0

20.3

19.3

Q

17.7

17.8

20.2

19.8

18.8

Q

20.2

19.1

2.1

2.2

2.7

14.8

1.6 

3.0

1.4 

2.6 

3.4

2.5

1.4

12.4

1.4

1.4

1.7

3.0

3.2

NF

12.8

13.7

6.0

1.5

12.5

NF

1.6 

2.4

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the 

Relative Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to 

totals. • Data in this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey 

and Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

52 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Model 

Years

0.3

Model Year

1994 

to

1995

1.6

1993

1.4

1992

1.2

1989

to 

1991

0.7

1986

to 

1988

0.7

1983

to 

1985

0.9

1980

to 

1982

1.2

1977

to 

1979

1.4

1976

or 

Earlier

1.4

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total ......... ........................................... 156.8 7.2 10.4 11.4 35.0 36.3 25.6 10.9 9.5 10.6

Census Region and Division

Northeast........................................... 26.6 1.3 1.8 2.3 6.1 6.9 4.7 1.5 1.2 0.8

New England ................................... 7.6 Q Q 0.8 1.5 2.2 1.4 Q Q Q

Middle Atlantic ................................. 19.0 0.9 1.4 1.5 4.6 4.7 3.2 1.1 0.9 0.6

Midwest ............................................. 41.1 2.3 2.6 3.1 8.7 9.7 7.2 2.9 2.6 2.0

East North Central ........................... 29.0 1.7 1.6 2.2 6.4 7.1 4.9 1.9 1.8 1.3

West North Central.......................... 12.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.7 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.7

South ................................................. 56.0 2.8 3.8 4.0 13.6 12.1 8.5 3.7 3.5 4.2

South Atlantic .................................. 28.4 1.6 2.2 2.0 7.5 5.9 4.2 1.7 1.7 1.7

East South Central .......................... 11.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.2 2.7 1.8 0.8 0.8 1.1

West South Central ......................... 16.4 0.7 1.1 1.3 3.9 3.5 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.4

West .................................................. 33.1 0.9 2.2 2.0 6.7 7.5 5.3 2.8 2.2 3.5

Mountain ......................................... 9.8 Q 0.7 0.8 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.5

Pacific............................... .............. 23.3 0.7 1.5 1.2 4.6 6.0 3.6 2.2 1.5 2.0

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 17.0 Q 1.0 0.9 3.6 4.5 2.7 1.5 1.1 1.3 Florida ................................................ 8.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.5 0.6 Q

New York ............................................ 7.8 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.6 2.4 1.3 Q Q Q

Texas ................................................. 11.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 0.8 0.7 1.0

Urban Status

Urban ................................................ 119.4 5.9 8.5 8.8 27.2 28.3 18.9 8.1 6.2 7.6

Central City ..................................... 40.1 1.5 2.5 3.0 9.2 9.4 6.9 2.8 2.3 2.5

Suburban ......................................... 79.3 4.4 6.0 5.8 18.0 18.9 12.0 5.3 3.9 5.1

Rural.................................................. 37.4 1.3 1.9 2.6 7.8 8.0 6.7 2.8 3.2 3.0

Household Size

1 Person ........................ 19.5 0.9 1.6 1.1 4.7 4.9 2.8 1.3 1.2 1.1

2 Persons ...................... 55.4 2.6 3.3 4.5 12.6 12.4 9.1 3.4 3.4 4.2

3 Persons ................... 31.7 1.4 2.1 2.2 6.8 7.8 4.8 2.3 2.0 2.3 4 Persons . ........... 29.5 1.4 2.2 2.0 6.8 6.9 5.1 2.0 1.6 1.4

5 Persons .......................................... 14.4 0.8 0.8 1.1 3.1 3.0 2.4 1.3 0.7 1.2

6 or More Persons............................. 6.3 Q Q Q 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.6 Q

Household Composition

Households with Children ................. 64.6 3.0 4.5 4.8 13.2 14.5 11.4 5.0 4.0 4.2

Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years ............................... 17.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 3.6 3.7 2.9 1.2 1.0 1.2

7 to 15 Years ................................. 32.3 1.5 2.3 2.5 6.6 7.0 5.7 2.6 2.0 2.1

16 or 17 Years............................... 15.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 3.0 3.8 2.8 1.2 0.9 0.9

Households Without Children ............ 92.2 4.2 5.9 6.5 21.8 21.8 14.2 5.9 5.5 6.4

One Adult ........................................ 19.5 0.9 1.6 1.1 4.7 4.9 2.8 1.3 1.2 1.1

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 4.1 Q Q Q 1.0 1.0 0.5 Q Q Q

35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.6 Q Q Q 1.3 2.3 1.0 Q Q Q

60 Years or More ........................ 7.9 Q 0.6 0.5 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5

Two or More Adults ......................... 72.6 3.3 4.3 5.5 17.1 17.0 11.4 4.6 4.3 5.2

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 13.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.8 3.1 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.8

35 to 59 Years ............................. 33.9 1.5 2.2 2.8 7.6 7.9 5.5 2.1 1.8 2.4

60 Years or More ........................ 24.9 0.9 1.2 1.8 5.7 5.9 3.9 1.7 1.8 2.0

4.0

10.1

11.7

12.4

7.5

9.3

12.1

6.4

8.5

10.5

13.1

8.3

13.7

9.9

10.9

13.9

15.1

15.8

4.9 

9.9 

6.9 

9.0

11.4

7.3

10.1

10.6

16.1

23.4

7.0

13.0

10.5

15.5

5.5

11.4

27.9

19.1

18.3

6.3

16.5

9.7

11.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 53
Table 5.4. U.S. Vehicles by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Fuel Purchased

Leaded ............................................

Type of Primary Service

Both Equally ......................................

Bulk Sales/Other ...............................

Vehicle Used for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

All Model 

Years

0.3

153.4

151.5

104.2

20.6

26.7

1.9

1.4

1.8

13.8

139.8

2.9

Q

95.3

61.5

1994 

to 

1995

1.6

6.9

6.9

4.3

0.9

1.6

Q

Q

Q

0.7

6.2

Q

Q

4.8

2.3

1993

1.4

10.1

10.1

6.5

1.6

2.0

Q

Q

Q

0.8

9.4

Q

Q

6.7

3.7

1992

1.2

11.2

11.2

7.2

1.7

2.2

Q

Q

Q

1.0

10.2

Q

Q

7.3

4.1

1989 

to 

1991

0.7

34.6

34.5

22.9

5.8

5.9

Q

Q

Q

3.1

31.3

0.6

Q

22.5

12.6

Model Year

1986 

to 

1988

0.7

35.9

35.9

24.4

4.8

6.7

Q

Q

Q

3.3

32.4

0.6

Q

22.7

13.6

1983 

to 

1985

0.9

24.7

24.6

17.6

3.1

3.9

Q

Q

0.7

2.5

22.6

0.5

Q

15.3

10.3

1980 

to 

1982

1.2

10.3

10.2

7.7

1.3

1.3

Q

Q

Q

0.9

9.8

Q

Q

6.1

4.8

1977 

to 

1979

1.4

9.3

9.1

6.6

0.9

1.6

Q

Q

Q

A Q

8.4

Q

Q

5.1

4.4

1976 

or 

Earlier

1.4

10.4

9.1

7.0

0.6

1.6

1.3

Q

Q

0.7

9.5

Q

Q

4.9

5.7

RSE

Factor:

4.0

4.0

5.0

12.6

10.2

28.1

82.0

38.2

18.4

A E

OC 7

UP

5.2

7.1

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative 

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals • Data in this 

table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms 

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

56 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994

(Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

0.5

Model Year

1994

to

1995

1.4

1993

1.2

1992

1.1

1989

to

1991

0.8

1986

to

1988

0.8

1983

to

198S

0.9

1980

to

1982

1.3

1977

to

1979

1.1

1976

or

Earlier

1.4

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

21.4 21.1 21.7 20.3 13.9 12.2

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic .............................

South .............................................

West ..............................................

Largest Populated States

New York

Urban Status

Household Size

Household Composition

Age of Oldest Child

7 to 15 Years .............................

16 or 17 Years ...........................

Households Without Children ........

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years .........................

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years .........................

Race of Householder

White .............................................

Black .............................................

Other .............................................

20.7

20.4

20.8

20.1

20.1

20.0

19.6

20.2

19.0

18.9

19.1

17.9

19.7

19.8

20.3

20.9

18.8

20.1

20.2

20.1

18.8

20.5

19.7

20.1

19.6

19.4

19.7

19.7

20.0

19.5

19.9

19.9 

20.5

21.6

20.5

19.7

19.7

21.6

19.5

18.8

19.8

19.8

20.5

20.7

Q

21.5

21.3

21.1

21.8

20.3

20.5

21.0

19.4

19.1

Q

18.4

Q

21.6

21.5

19.7

20.7

21.4

20.4

20.0

22.1

20.0

20.4

20.2

20.6

Q

20.7

20.0

20.2

22.9

20.4 

22.1

Q

Q

Q

19.9

21.1

19.2

20.1

20.4

Q

Q

21.5

Q

22.0

21.9

22.3

21.2

21.4

21.6

20.5

21.5

21.0

18.6

22.1

23.5

21.3

21.8

21.8

21.8

21.4

22.0

20.0

23.5

21.2

21.7

20.6

20.7

Q

20.9

21.6

20.6

20.9

21.9 

23.5

Q

Q

22.1

21.3

23.1

21.1

20.6

21.3

23.1

Q

21.9

23.1

21.3

22.6

22.2

23.7

20.4

20.2

20.9

20.3

21.3

20.1

22.3

22.0

20.6

21.0

20.3

21.6

21.8

21.5

21.0

21.7

21.5

21.6

20.6

21.3

Q

21.4

22.4

21.0

21.5

21.5 

21.7

Q

Q

20.6

21.4

23.7

21.0

20.8

21.3

22.5

Q

21.5

21.1

21.6

21.1

21.3

20.4

21.0

21.6

21.5

19.8

20.8

19.0

21.9

22.2

21.1

22.2

19.3

21.4

21.5

21.3

20.2

21.8

21.4

21.5

20.1

20.7

20.6

20.5

21.0

20.1

20.7

21.5 

21.8

24.1

20.5

22.2

21.5

23.2

21.3

20.5

21.0

22.3

21.5

22.1

22.1

22.1

21.8

21.8

21.6

21.6

21.9

22.1

20.9

21.2

20.7

21.3

21.1

20.7

22.4

20.9

21.9

22.1

21.8

20.9

21.6

21.6

21.9

21.3

21.9

22.3

21.8

21.4

21.9

22.2

21.5 

21.6

21.3

21.7

21.8

21.5

23.2

21.3

20.6

21.6

22.5

22.2

21.0

19.9

21.5

20.2

19.7

21.5

19.6

20.5

18.7

18.8

21.1

19.8

21.7

21.8

20.8

20.1

19.0

20.5

20.9

20.3

19.7

21.3

19.7

20.8

20.0

21.5

20.0

20.6

21.6

20.2

20.3

20.1 

21.3

23.0

21.3

20.3

19.9

21.9

19.5

19.3

20.2

21.6

20.9

20.3

Q

20.4

19.2

19.4

19.0

18.7

19.3

17.7

18.7

19.6

18.5

19.9

19.1

19.7

Q

19.3

19.7

20.0

19.6

18.0

19.5

18.9

19.9

19.8

18.2

19.6

19.4

20.6

19.3

18.6

19.2 

19.5

Q

Q

18.1

19.1

21.1

19.1

18.1

19.2

18.4

21.9

14.4

Q

14.6

14.3

14.3

14.3

13.8

14.1

13.6

13.6

13.3

13.9

13.0

13.1

14.2

Q

13.7

14.0

14.3

13.8

13.6

14.6

13.7

14.2

13.6

13.3

14.1

14.0

13.7

14.2

13.8

13.8 

14.6

Q

Q

13.6

13.7

131

13.5

Q

12.2

Q

11.9

11.7

11.9

11.4

12.4

13.0

11.5

12.6

12.2

12.0

12.4

11.9

Q

Q

13.3

12.3

12.1

12.4

11.9

12.6

12.3

12.7

11.4

Q

12.0

11.5

11.9

12.9

12.3 

12.6

Q

Q

11.6

12.2

12.8

12.1

12.1

12.2

113

Q

2.7

3.3

3.3

2.0

2.4

3.2

1.9

2.6

4.2

3.4

2.6

5.2

2.7

2.8

3.3

3.9

3.9

1.3

2.3

1.7

2.3

3.4

1.9

2.5

2.5

3.6

4.4

1.7

3.1

2.4

3.6

1.5 

3.4

6.9

5.3

4.1

1.7

4.2

2.5

2.4

1.3

0 C

5.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 57
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Miles per Gallon)

All 1994 

1993 Household and Model to 

1994 Vehicle Years 1995 1993 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.4 1.2

Hispanic Descent

Yes .................................................... 19.7 Q 21.0

No ...................................................... 19.8 20.4 21.5

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000 ............................... 20.7 Q Q

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 19.3 Q Q

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 19.4 Q Q

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 19.0 Q Q

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 19.8 20.6 23.2

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 19.6 21.5 21.4

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 20.0 21.0 22.4

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 20.4 19.6 21.3

$75,000 or More ................................ 19.8 19.6 20.2

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent ....................................... 19.2 Q Q

125 Percent ....................................... 19.2 Q 20.2

150 Percent ....................................... 19.3 21.6 21.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 19.4 21.6 21.4

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................ 20.2 21.7 22.8

2 ........................................................ 19.6 19.8' 20.9

3 ........................................................ 19.9 22.6 21.2

4 or More ........................................... 20.8 Q 23.1

Age of Primary Driver 16to17 Years ................................... 21.2 Q Q

18 to 22 Years ................................... 22.1 Q Q

23 to 29 Years ................................... 22.0 22.0 24.0

30 to 39 Years ................................... 19.7 20.7 21.8

40 to 49 Years ................................... 19.7 20.0 20.2

50 to 59 Years ................................... 19.2 19.9 21.5

60 to 69 Years ................................... 18.7 20.6 20.4

70 to 79 Years ................................... 18.5 Q 21.1

80 Years and Over ............................ 17.7 Q Q

Don't Know ........................................ 19.9 20.4 21.4

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 21.5 22.4 22.2

Male .................................................. 18.5 18.9 20.6

Don't Know ........................................ 19.9 20.4 21.4

Model Year

1989 1986 1983 1980 

to to to to 

1992 1991 1988 1985 1982

1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3

21.7 20.7 21.7 20.1 19.7

21.4 21.1 21.7 20.3 19.2

Q 23.2 Q 23.9 Q

Q 24.0 23.5 21.5 17.7

24.2 22.7 21.7 21.1 20.1

22.1 19.9 22.2 19.6 19.8

21.5 21.6 22.5 20.5 19.6

21.6 20.9 21.8 20.2 19.3

21.1 20.5 21.1 20.1 18.8

21.8 21.4 21.8 20.1 18.5

20.1 20.6 20.8 19.6 20.2

22.7 22.4 22.0 22.4 20.1

22.7 22.2 22.4 21.4 20.1

23.6 22.0 22.8 20.8 19.9

23.1 22.1 22.4 21.1 19.6 

21.7 21.6 22.1 21.3 19.7

21.4 20.8 21.4 19.9 19.1

21.2 21.2 22.1 20.4 19.4

22.8 21.7 22.1 21.1 19.0

Q Q Q Q Q

Q 24.2 24.9 22.4 Q

25.3 22.9 22.4 21.6 Q

21.9 20.5 21.7 19.5 18.5

20.5 20.6 22.0 18.9 18.1

21.9 20.2 19.9 19.6 18.5

20.4 20.4 20.1 18.6 18.3

21.5 19.5 20.4 18.6 18.3

Q 21.2 Q Q Q

21.1 21.5 21.9 21.3 19.9

22.4 22.2 22.3 20.8 18.4

20.8 19.6 20.9 18.7 18.5

21.1 21.5 21.9 21.3 19.9

1977 

to 

1979

1.1

13.3

13.9

Q

13.5

13.4

13.6

13.4

14.7

13.9

13.9

Q

13.4

13.9

13.6

13.6 

14.0

13.9

13.3

Q

Q

Q

Q

13.3

14.6

13.6

13.0

12.4

Q

14.2

14.9

13.1

14.2

1976 

or 

Earlier

1.4

13.4

12.1

Q

11.9

12.4

11.8

12.2

12.5

12.4

11.8

11.6

12.4

12.2

11.9

11.9 

12.8

11.9

12.6

Q

Q

Q

Q

11.5

12.5

11.7

10.4

11.3

Q

12.6

12.5

11.7

12.6

RSE

Row 

Factor:

4.1

1.2

8.5

4.7

3.4

3.0

3.9

2.8

2.6

2.7

3.2

3.4

3.1

2.9

2.5 

2.4

1.5

3.2

4.6

9.2

5.2

4.2

3.4

3.0

3.4

4.3

4.0

6.6

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

See footnotes at end of table.

58 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model

Years

0.5

Model Year

1994

to

1995

1.4

1993

1.2

1992

1.1

1989

to

1991

0.8

1986

to

1988

0.8

1983

to

1985

0.9

1980

to

1982

1.3

1977

to

1979

1.1

1976

or

Earlier

1.4

RSE

Row

Factor:

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part- Year Vehicle ..............................

Only 1 ................................................

Only2 ................................................

Only 3 ...............................................

Vehicle Characteristics 

Type of Vehicle

Sport Utility ........................................

Other .................................................

Engine Size (liters)

2.50 to 3.49 .......................................

3.50 to 4.49 .......................................

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................

6 ........................................................

8 ........................................................

Type of Transmission

Manual Shift ......................................

Type of Drive

4-Wheel .............................................

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Unleaded .........................................

Leaded ............................................

21.1

20.7

19.7

20.0

19.1

18.9

20.3

19.5

21.9

19.7

16.3

13.8

16.3

8.8

25.5

20.8

18.8

14.6

25.2

19.5

14.8

25.9

19.1

22.0

23.4

17.4

16.5

18.3

21.3

17.6

19.8

19.9

20.0

20.3

19.3

13.1

17.7

17.8

Q

20.8

22.2

20.1

20.6

20.3

20.2

18.9

23.8

20.1

16.8

0

16.7

Q

26.6

21.4

19.1

16.2

26.5

20.2

16.0

Q

20.2

21.8

23.2

18.3

16.0

21.4

20.8

Q

21.0

21.0

21.1

23.2

19.5

Q

Q

Q

Q

23.0

20.7

21.7

19.2

20.7

21.2

21.5

24.1

20.0

17.4

Q

17.2

Q

26.5

21.1

19.2

16.4

26.5

20.2

16.5

Q

20.6

24.9

23.6

20.2

17.4

21.0

21.7

Q

21.6

21.6

21.7

21.0

21.5

Q

Q

Q

Q

21.6

23.8

21.4

21.7

20.6

22.6

20.6

23.8

19.0

17.0

Q

17.8

Q

26.2

21.1

18.9

16.6

25.9

19.8

16.9

Q

21.0

23.2

23.4

19.3

17.4

20.8

21.6

Q

21.4

21.5

21.6

21.9

20.8

Q

Q

Q

Q

22.3

21.4

21.1

19.9

20.1

21.8

21.5

23.8

19.6

17.0

15.2

17.4

Q

25.6

21.2

19.5

15.8

25.1

20.3

16.1

Q

20.6

22.9

23.7

19.2

16.5

20.8

21.2

Q

21.1

21.1

21.3

20.7

20.8

Q

Q

Q

23.2

22.5

20.7

21.7

21.0

20.7

22.3

21.8

23.7

19.7

16.5

14.7

18.7

Q

25.5

20.8

20.2

16.4

25.3

20.3

16.7

Q

20.8

24.3

24.2

19.9

17.5

21.7

21.7

Q

21.7

21.7

22.3

21.2

20.2

Q

Q

Q

21.6

21.4

20.8

20.0

19.8

19.9

18.8

20.8

22.1

19.6

16.1

14.1

17.8

Q

25.7

20.2

18.5

16.0

25.6

19.2

16.1

Q

19.2

23.7

23.8

18.4

17.6

19.7

22.0

22.8

20.3

20.3

20.4

20.1

20.1

Q

Q

20.5

Q

19.8

18.7

19.7

18.7

18.7

16.5

19.7

20.6

Q

Q

Q

17.3

Q

24.4

19.6

17.4

15.1

24.4

18.0

15.5

Q

17.9

22.6

23.2

18.1

16.9

19.2

18.7

24.2

19.2

19.2

19.5

18.7

17.7

Q

Q

Q

Q

14.1

13.6

13.9

13.3

13.8

14.5

14.0

14.9

Q

Q

Q

12.8

Q

20.2

16.1

15.9

12.9

19.7

15.8

12.9

Q

13.6

15.0

14.8

14.0

11.9

13.8

14.4

Q

13.9

13.9

13.9

14.4

13.7

Q

Q

Q

Q

12.7

12.5

12.0

12.1

11.8

Q

12.7

13.0

Q

11.2

Q

11.3

Q

19.5

Q

14.1

11.4

17.5

13.3

11.3

Q

11.9

13.1

12.7

12.3

10.8

12.1

Q

Q

12.2

12.3

12.3

13.3

11.6

11.9

Q

Q

6.1

2.5

3.9

2.0

3.7

2.8

5.2

4.3

1.2

1.5

2.8

4.0

2.2

10.2

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.4

1.7

12.8

1.1

2.7

1.9

1.7

2.5

1.9

2.1

8.7

1.2

1.2

1.4

3.2

2.4

5.7

8.0

13.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 59
Table 5.5. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Miles per Gallon)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Primary Service

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

All

Model

Years

0.5

20.2

19.8

18.8

Q

20.2

19.1

1994

to

1995

1.4

22.4

20.3

Q

Q

20.7

20.1

1993

1.2

22.1

21.4

Q

Q

21.9

20.5

1992

1.1

21.3

21.4

Q

Q

21.7

20.9

1989

to

1991

0.8

21.3

21.1

19.6

Q

21.4

20.5

Model Year

1986

to

1988

0.8

21.7

21.7

19.9

Q

21.9

21.3

1983

to

1985

0.9

21.4

20.2

20.7

Q

20.6

19.9

1980

to

1982

1.3

20.2

19.3

Q

Q

19.2

19.4

1977

to

1979

1.1

13.5

13.9

Q

Q

14.0

13.7

1976

or

Earlier

1.4

11.3

12.3

Q

Q

12.1

12.3

RSE

Row

3.4

1.2

8.0

NF

1.4

1.9

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative 

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this 

table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms 

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

60 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994

(Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model 

Years

0.6

Model Year

1994 

to

1995

0.9

1993

0.8

1992

0.8

1989

to 

1991

1.4

1986

to 

1988

0.6

1983

to 

1985

0.8

1980

to 

1982

1.4

1977

to 

1979

1.8

1976

or 

Earlier

1.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 578 697 641 610 541 522 520 510 671 676

Census Region and Division

Northeast........................................... 545 693 588 584 546 477 502 468 Q Q

New England ................................... 542 Q Q Q 622 418 Q Q Q Q

Middle Atlantic ................................. 545 618 569 591 522 504 500 465 Q Q

Midwest ............................................. 580 657 671 615 596 531 525 463 657 775 East North Central........................... 574 654 634 620 567 516 545 452 690 Q

West North Central.......................... 592 668 735 603 680 571 483 Q Q Q

South ................................................. 598 733 653 628 485 543 561 538 653 640 South Atlantic .................................. 601 746 616 614 444 558 578 547 669 592 East South Central .......................... 571 722 Q Q 618 501 529 Q Q Q

West South Central ......................... 612 712 711 664 488 549 556 Q Q Q

West ................................................ 568 Q 629 595 580 520 461 545 757 622 Mountain ......................................... 599 Q Q Q 359 497 507 Q Q 578 Pacific .............................................. 555 Q 603 550 683 526 441 Q Q 656

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 559 Q Q Q 677 547 431 Q Q Q

Florida ................................................ 580 Q Q Q 614 541 Q Q Q Q

NewYork . . ............................. 545 Q Q Q 761 511 478 Q Q Q

Texas ................................................. 598 Q Q Q 466 548 563 Q Q Q

Urban Status

Urban ................................................ 565 684 613 594 534 513 510 505 676 662 Central City ..................................... 535 634 565 571 488 477 478 508 682 615 Suburban ......................................... 581 701 633 606 557 531 528 504 672 685 Rural .................................................. 617 753 769 663 567 555 547 522 662 710

Household Size

1 Person ............................................ 492 576 537 499 499 482 403 436 Q Q

2 Persons .......................................... 553 674 639 577 483 492 505 479 650 612 3 Persons .......................................... 596 701 682 628 626 542 519 551 733 665 4 Persons .......................................... 615 783 666 675 565 555 584 482 682 Q

5 Persons .......................................... 630 Q 605 656 533 547 514 Q Q Q

6 or More Persons ............................. 673QQQQQQQQQ

Household Composition

Households with Children ................. 625 761 685 678 607 555 555 546 748 708 Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years .. . .......... 606 Q 646 620 578 566 536 Q Q Q

7to15Years ................................. 633 809 697 713 581 553 559 544 727 699 16 or 17 Years ............................... 630 Q 709 Q 701 549 565 Q Q Q

Households Without Children ............ 545 650 608 559 501 501 491 479 615 654 One Adult ........................................ 492 576 537 499 499 482 403 436 Q Q

Age of Householder 

35 

Under 

to 59 

35 

Years 

Years 

............................. 

........................... 601QQQQQQQQQ

547 Q Q Q 629 538 Q Q Q Q

60 Years or More ........................ 384 Q Q Q 307 343 348 Q Q Q

Two or More Adults ......................... 559 670 635 571 502 506 513 491 657 641 Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 585 659 Q Q 477 575 543 Q Q Q

35 to 59 Years ............................. 594 728 676 583 555 533 541 488 664 741 60 Years or More ........................ 495 582 590 507 446 433 459 465 653 508

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 581 704 644 612 532 526 521 505 669 683 Black ................................................. 564 Q Q Q 618 477 532 Q Q Q

Other ................................................. 531 Q Q Q 654 Q Q Q Q Q

5.1

10.2

16.0

12.1

8.3

10.1

12.2

9.1

12.5

14.9

20.1

11.4

14.5

14.9

17.1

18.5

15.1

26.3

6.1

11.9

6.7

9.5

13.8

8.1

11.1

11.7

16.0

30.1

7.6

15.3

10.6

15.3

6.8

13.8

26.6

20.5

18.4

7.5

18.3

10.8

13.3

5.2

20.2

28.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 61
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and *" . 

1994 Vehicle TM*' 

Characteristics Years

RSE Column Factor: „ - u.o

Hispanic Descent

Yes .................................................... 579

No ...................................................... 578

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000 ............................... 558

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 510

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 529

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 562

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 558 f

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 610

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 580 f

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 579

$75,000 or More ................................ 620

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent ....................................... 558

125 Percent ....................................... 568

150 Percent ....................................... 574

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 562

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................ 511 !

2 ........................................................ 592

3 ........................................................ 604 f

4 or More ........................................... 615

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ................................... 453

18 to 22 Years ................................... 581

23 to 29 Years ................................... 605

30 to 39 Years ................................... 618

40 to 49 Years ................................... 629

50 to 59 Years ................................... 605

60 to 69 Years ................................... 498 !

70 to 79 Years ................................... 427

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 542 (

Male .................................................. 603

994 

to 

995 1993 1992

0.9 0.8 0.8

Q Q Q

'00 642 613

Q Q Q

Q Q Q

Q Q 496

Q Q Q

505 542 Q

'16 729 674

569 582 630

'32 682 632

'52 698 627

Q Q Q

Q Q Q

Q Q 569

Q Q 546 

>86 594 519

'33 646 628

544 700 658

Q Q Q

Q Q Q

Q Q Q

'47 643 Q

'41 683 614

'70 729 747

'58 670 610

i94 Q 495

Q Q Q

Q Q Q

Q 610 593

555 619 645

'78 701 590

Q 61 1 593

1989 

to 

1991

1.4

688

533

Q

Q

687

552

594

618

543

484

491

467

594

566

579 

514

549

490

694

Q

Q

481

569

561

568

467

273

Q

576

441

614

573

Model Year

1986 

to 

1988

0.6

536

521

Q

448

512

481

473

549

536

528

559

472

487

514

496 

473

532

509

618

Q

506

596

534

556

581

413

342

Q

538

472

549

540

1983 

to 

1985

0.8

503

521

Q

467

547

523

481

530

521

513

573

519

540

554

537 

443

533

536

599

Q

569

Q

556

579

491

470

357

Q

529

480

534

530

1980 

to 

1982

1.4

Q

502

Q

Q

444

Q

Q

571

502

Q

Q

Q

494

498

513 

479

515

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

493

448

Q

Q

Q

Q

566

410

462

567

1977 

to 

1979

1.8

Q

662

Q

Q

571

Q

Q

728

620

Q

Q

Q

702

672

662 

584

692

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

738

699

Q

693

Q

Q

693

629

661

693

1976 

or 

Earlier

1.9

Q

677

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

754

673

Q

Q

Q

Q

713

688 

610

677

796

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

594

757

Q

Q

Q

716

Q

656

716

RSE

Row 

Factor:

21.7

5.1

35.8

31.5

16.2

16.4

16.0

11.6

10.4

10.0

14.5

24.3

13.8

13.6

12.8 

10.8

6.4

12.8

16.9

55.3

20.0

15.6

10.2

10.3

12.7

17.1

17.7

31.9

12.5

7.1

7.3

12.5

See footnotes at end of table.

62 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Model 

Years

0.6

Model Year

1994 

to

1995

0.9

1993

0.8

1992

0.8

1989

to 

1991

1.4

1986

to 

1988

0.6

1983

to 

1985

0.8

1980

to 

1982

1.4

1977

to 

1979

1.8

1976

or 

Earlier

1.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Only 

Part-Year 

1 ................................................ 

Vehicle .............................. 

518 

QQQQQQQQQQ

Q 559 554 504 476 494 500 597 Q

Between 1 and 2 ............................... 642 693 626 Q 495 615 Q Q Q Q

Only2 ................................................ 579 687 645 651 569 503 512 508 685 720

Between 2 and 3 ............................... 630 695 665 686 593 603 551 Q 717 Q

Only 3 ................................................ 576 729 658 546 443 506 510 500 600 686

Between 3 and 4 ............................... 623 Q Q Q 744 635 536 Q Q Q

4 or More ........................................... 588 Q 653 Q 586 569 559 Q Q 530

Vehicle Characteristics

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Car ................................. 514 585 553 545 525 476 477 492 642 634 Minivan .............................................. 682 813 798 837 363 570 Q Q Q Q

Sport Utility ........................................ 778 Q 809 Q 629 787 678 Q Q Q

Large 

Pickup 

Van 

Truck 

.......................................... 

..................................... 

844QQQQQQQQQ

682 889 806 702 635 598 595 508 701 748 Other ................................................. QQQQQQQQQQ

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

10.9 or Less ...................................... 586 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 434 683 11 to 12.9 .......................................... 733 Q Q Q 504 452 498 Q 828 877 13to 15.9 .......................................... 666 842 765 Q 644 634 604 565 747 578 16 to 18.9 .......................................... 599 774 714 700 456 501 556 579 Q Q

19 to 21.9 .......................................... 590 699 669 623 634 570 574 494 Q Q

22 to 24.9 .......................................... 550 674 619 625 456 518 448 Q Q Q

25 to 29.9 .......................................... 483 552 541 513 533 459 464 Q Q Q

30 or More ......................................... 443 Q Q Q Q 457 Q Q Q Q

Engine Size (liters)

2.49 or Less ...................................... 458 546 530 489 536 446 427 414 Q Q

2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 580 678 640 655 475 540 484 Q Q Q

3.50 to 4.49 ....................................... 626 727 699 709 457 567 526 578 Q Q

4.50 or Greater.................................. 716 873 858 701 726 680 671 571 730 706

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................ 460 554 521 501 532 446 424 414 Q Q

6 ........................................................ 618 702 689 689 484 569 536 592 603 630 8 ........................................................ 706 881 811 658 699 662 646 570 721 728 Other ................................................. 411 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Type of Transmission

Automatic .......................................... 594 708 663 627 519 529 537 542 683 729 Manual Shitt ...................................... 528 657 561 548 621 504 474 448 628 568

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ...................................... 509 635 584 567 439 463 450 439 Q Q

Rear-Wheel ....................................... 618 766 673 664 726 566 564 531 666 675 4-Wheel ............................................. 722 821 802 725 614 699 612 Q Q Q

Type of Fuel System

Carburetor ......................................... 574 693 587 631 1299 516 539 519 672 680 Fuel Injection ..................................... 579 683 644 605 345 524 467 Q Q Q

Diesel Engine .................................... 652 QQQQQQQQQ

NF 

12.0 

19.6

8.2 

13.7 

13.5 

25.4 

16.1

6.0 

13.4 

18.3 

25.0 

10.5

NF

11.1

21.4

13.5

12.4

9.4 

10.1

9.5 

20.2

7.4

9.8

12.4

9.3

7.1

8.9

9.7

42.4

5.8 

10.4

6.5

8.3

13.0

8.6

6.1

33.5

See footnotes at end of table.

63
Table 5.6. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Model Year, 1994 (Continued)

(Gallons per Vehicle)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Fuel Purchased

Type of Primary Service

Bulk Sales/Other ...............................

Vehicle Used for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

All 

Model 

Years

0.6

575

574

575

567

577

Q

663

673

492

587

546

Q

611

527

1994 

to 

1995

0.9

674

674

669

624

719

Q

Q

Q

Q

711

Q

Q

709

672

1993

0.8

631

631

637

615

625

Q

Q

Q

Q

646

Q

Q

684

563

1992

0.8

607

607

619

580

587

Q

Q

Q

Q

617

Q

Q

656

526

1989 

to 

1991

1.4

541

541

551

431

615

Q

Q

Q

469

550

Q

Q

547

531

Model Year

1986 

to 

1988

0.6

521

521

516

525

539

Q

Q

Q

447

530

Q

Q

542

490

1983 

to 

1985

0.8

520

519

518

510

531

Q

Q

Q

421

532

Q

Q

553

470

1980 

to 

1982

1.4

517

517

504

Q

553

Q

Q

Q

Q

521

Q

Q

539

473

1977 

to 

1979

1.8

673

667

683

Q

647

Q

Q

Q

Q

682

Q

Q

711

625

1976 

or 

Earlier

1.9

670

675

693

Q

612

Q

Q

Q

Q

674

Q

Q

786

583

RSE

Row 

Factor:

5.2

5.2

6.1

12.0

12.8

NF

43.5

37.5

19.7

5.4

46.7

NF

5.9

8.9

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative 

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this 

table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms 

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

64

Energy Informatio

:ner9V Consumption 1994
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994

(Billion Miles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

0.4

1993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.4

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.8

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.8

$50,000 

or 

More

0.7

Below Poverty

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

125 Per 

cent

1.1

Eli 

gible

for Fed 

eral Assist 

ance1

0.9

RSE

Household Characteristics

Total ............................................... 1,793 35 77 128 310 287 390 566 133 199 347 8.7

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic ..........................

Midwest .......................................

East North Central ....................

West North Central ...................

South ..........................................

West South Central ...................

West

Largest Populated States

New York .....................................

Urban Status

Urban ..........................................

Central City ...............................

Household Size

Household Composition

Households with Children .......... 

Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years .........................

7 to 15 Years ..........................

16 or 17 Years ........................

Households Without Children .....

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years ......................

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years.....................

60 Years or More ..................

299

84

215

479

335

144

655

345

121

190

360

105

255

188

104

89

124

. 1 ,360

434

927

433

197

602

379

355

176

84

796 

206

399

191

997 

197

53

85

60

800

174

393

232

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

31

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q 

Q

Q

Q

23 

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

18

14

Q

37

Q

Q

Q

15

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

54

20

34

24

23

28

Q

Q

Q

Q

22 

Q

Q

Q

55 

23

Q

Q

13

31

Q

Q

10

16

Q

12

41

25

16

38

22

Q

Q

33

Q

24

Q

Q

Q

Q

84

40

44

44

24

45

22

17

Q

Q

53 

Q

33

Q

75 

24

Q

Q

13

51

Q

Q

25

40

Q

29

93

61

32

117

62

21

35

59

28

31

22

18

Q

26

215

86

129

95

52

123

61

42

23

Q

114 

35

52

27

196 

52

16

22

14

144

32

53

59

44

Q

31

76

50

26

117

53

29

35

50

15

35

23

18

13

22

199

64

135

88

47

87

56

53

29

15

134 

27

75

32

153 

47

16

19

12

106

20

50

36

75

17

59

109

71

38

139

71

25

43

65

11

54

41

28

21

30

294

87

207

95

27

133

76

95

44

Q

188 

49

91

48

201 

27

Q

17

Q

174

38

89

48

109

35

73

137

111

25

197

112

31

54

123

30

93

73

28

38

33

484

125

359

82

18

175

145

137

57

35

272 

74

131

67

294 

18

Q

Q

Q

276

46

178

52

18

Q

Q

30

23

Q

46

23

Q

Q

39

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

96

47

49

37

18

28

25

24

Q

Q

76 

Q

42

Q

56 

18

Q

Q

8

38

Q

Q

Q

26

Q

20

56

38

18

70

33

16

20

47

Q

32

Q

Q

Q

Q

132

54

78

67

25

41

37

36

37

Q

116 

25

64

27

82 

25

Q

Q

13

57

Q

19

18

49

13

36

92

65

27

124

70

23

32

82

24

58

38

Q

Q

22

241

98

144

106

48

85

70

64

50

30

193 

44

109

40

155 

48

Q

Q

24

107

Q

32

40

19.6

31.6

23.2

13.5

17.5

18.7

15.5

20.6

27.4

24.4

21.2

37.8

26.5

32.3

26.8

29.1

28.7

10.7

19.6

14.4

14.7

18.7

15.4

20.1

22.6

28.1

43.0

13.8 

26.7

16.9

29.6

11.3 

18.7

36.3

29.4

22.6

14.2

34.2

20.4

20.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 65
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Miles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Race of Householder

White .............................................

Black .............................................

Other .............................................

Hispanic Descent

Yes................................................

No .................................................

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ....................................................

2 ....................................................

3 ....................................................

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ..............................

18 to 22 Years ..............................

23 to 29 Years ..............................

30 to 39 Years ..............................

40 to 49 Years ..............................

50 to 59 Years ..............................

60 to 69 Years ..............................

70 to 79 Years ..............................

Sex of Primary Driver

Male ..............................................

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle

Only 1 ...........................................

Only 2 ...........................................

Only 3 ...........................................

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

1994101995 .................................

1993 ..............................................

1992 ..............................................

1989to 1991 .................................

1986 to 1988 .................................

1983101985 .................................

1980101982 .................................

1977101979 .................................

Total

0.4

1,592 

125 

77

122 

1,671

334 

1,061 

267 

124

11 

56 

111 

276 

276 

174 

99 

68 

16 

707

506 

581 

706

Q 

306 

107 

659 

163 

274 

100 

169

103 

142 

149 

436 

411 

270 

107 

88 

87

1 993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.4

27 

Q 

Q

Q

33

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.8

60 

Q 

Q

Q

70

41 

28 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

6 

Q 

Q

20 

15 

Q

Q 

36 

Q 

19 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

16 

Q 

Q 

Q

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

105 

Q 

Q

Q 

110

52 

64 

Q 

Q

Q

Q 

Q 

10 

9 

Q 

10 

10 

Q 

70

34 

24 

70

Q 

52 

Q 

40 

Q 

16 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

11 

20 

28 

25 

13 

11 

Q

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

272 

24 

Q

23 

287

84 

188 

30 

Q

Q 

Q 

26 

38 

36 

26 

23 

23 

6 

124

86 

100 

123

Q 

70 

26 

123 

22 

36 

13 

16

15 

17 

16 

68 

73 

55 

24 

21 

21

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

255 

21 

Q

20 

268

69 

171 

34 

Q

Q 

Q 

23 

48 

44 

27 

20 

8 

Q 

103

77 

108 

103

Q

57 

22 

113 

24 

38 

Q 

27

15 

21 

22 

62 

67 

44 

19 

20 

18

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.8

358 

19 

13

22

367

46 

251 

64 

28

Q 

13 

19 

72 

64 

42 

22 

9 

Q 

146

114 

130 

146

Q 

46 

22 

142 

47 

78 

23 

30

27 

34 

34 

101 

90 

58 

21 

13 

13

$50,000 

or 

More

0.7

514 

33 

19

30 

536

29 

349 

122 

66

Q

24 

26 

100 

118 

66 

19 

10 

Q 

198

169 

198 

198

Q 

32 

20 

211 

61 

99 

46 

95

41 

62 

62 

161 

130 

64 

19 

13 

14

Below Poverty 

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

97 

Q 

Q

Q 

112

54 

54 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

13 

8 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

81

32 

20 

81

Q 

52 

Q 

40 

Q 

13 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

26 

22 

28 

Q 

Q 

Q

125 Per 

cent

1.1

155 

24 

Q

Q

171

70 

90 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

25 

19 

Q 

10 

8 

Q 

108

51 

41 

107

Q 

69 16 ' 

67 

13 

19 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

37 

40 

41 

24 

20 

Q

Eli 

gible 

for Fed 

eral Assist 

ance1

0.9

280 

40 

27

36 

311

112 

176 

37 

18

Q 

Q

25 

45 

34 

19 

17 

18 

5 

175

89 

84 

174

Q 

114 

27 

116 

19 

33 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

22 

67 

71 

76 

35 

30 

26

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

9.4 

35.0 

48.2

36.2 

8.9

13.4 

13.1 

27.7 

38.2

94.0 

34.6 

24.9 

17.1 

18.3 

23.3 

23.6 

24.8 

41.2 

22.8

10.4 

12.6 

22.9

NF 

14.9 

35.4 

14.6 

26.8 

24.6 

38.9 

36.7

26.8 

24.1 

22.2 

15.0 

14.7 

18.0 

29.8 

36.2 

37.5

See footnotes at end of table.

66 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Miles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Vehicle

Sport Utility ...................................

Other .............................................

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

11 to 12.9 ......................................

131015.9 ......................................

161018.9 ......................................

191021.9 ......................................

22 to 24.9 ......................................

251029.9 ......................................

Engine Size (liters)

2.50 to 3.49 ...................................

3.50 to 4.49 ...................................

Number of Cylinders

4 ....................................................

6 ....................................................

8 ....................................................

Other .............................................

Type of Transmission

Manual Shift ..................................

Type of Drive

4-Wheel ........................................

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Total

0.4

1,200 

108 

121 

40 

320 

Q

39 

79 

183 

278 

423 

361 

324 

105

699 

364 

283 

448

713 

631 

435 

14

1,337 

456

891 

693 

209

802 

966 

25

1,752 

1,736 

1,199 

238 

299 

Q 

17 

22

1993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.4

29 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

24 

Q

20 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

34 

33 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.8

61 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

9 

12 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

35 

Q 

Q 

22

33 

20 

22 

Q

60 

Q

42 

30 

Q

49 

27 

Q

76 

75 

59 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

96 

Q 

Q 

Q 

21 

Q

5 

Q 

12 

18 

26 

20 

28 

Q

54 

22 

18 

34

56 

40 

31 

Q

99 

29

64 

51 

12

74 

53 

Q

124 

123 

89 

15 

18 

Q 

Q 

Q

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

217 

14 

16 

Q 

57 

Q

8 

20 

31 

51 

62 

56 

67 

Q

123 

51 

47 

89

124 

95 

88 

Q

239 

71

145 

132 

32

159 

147 

Q

302 

297 

206 

35 

55 

Q 

Q 

Q

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

186 

19 

17 

Q 

59 

Q

6 

16 

34 

39 

71 

54 

51 

Q

109 

59 

43 

76

116 

99 

70 

Q

204 

83

136 

118 

33

138 

146 

Q

280 

277 

193 

36 

48 

Q 

Q 

Q

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.8

244 

29 

29 

Q 

78 

Q

5 

15 

43 

62 

92 

79 

71 

22

145 

84 

63 

97

149 

146 

94 

Q

280 

110

192 

146 

51

159 

225 

Q

380 

379 

252 

62 

65 

Q 

Q 

Q

$50,000 

or 

More

0.7

367 

40 

54 

13 

90 

Q

10 

15 

49 

94 

153 

128 

86 

31

212 

129 

99 

125

216 

220 

124 

Q

430 

136

290 

202 

73

203 

353 

Q

555 

552 

379 

79 

94 

Q 

Q 

Q

Below Poverty 

Line

100 

Per 

cent

1.4

103 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

16 

18 

24 

25 

Q 

Q

62 

19 

18 

33

60 

38 

34 

Q

104 

29

71 

52 

Q

84 

47 

Q

130 

127 

93 

Q 

21 

Q 

Q 

Q

125 

Per 

cent

1.1

148 

Q 

Q 

Q 

30 

Q

Q 

11 

22 

32 

35 

36 

41 

Q

89 

29 

27 

54

88 

59 

52 

Q

153 

45

100 

80 

18

121 

75 

Q

192 

189 

135 

20 

34 

Q 

Q 

Q

Eli 

gible 

for Fed 

eral Assist 

ance1

0.9

257 

Q 

11 

Q 

56 

Q

13 

20 

37 

51 

68 

63 

73 

23

148 

59 

47 

93

147 

107 

91 

Q

270 

77

179 

141 

27

201 

142 

Q

339 

334 

240 

37 

58 

Q 

Q 

Q

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

9.9 

24.8 

27.8 

42.6 

16.9 

NF

34.2 

32.5 

22.7 

15.8 

17.9 

16.7 

15.0 

34.3

13.0 

15.7 

20.6 

14.8

12.0 

12.8 

15.8 

70.9

9.2 

17.8

10.6 

14.8 

22.6

12.8 

10.9 

55.1

9.0 

9.0 

10.5 

20.5 

18.6 

NF 

70.3 

61.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 67
Table 5.7. U.S. Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Miles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

0.4

1993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.4

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.8

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.8

$50,000 

or 

More

0.7

Below Poverty

Line

100 

Per 

cent

1.4

125 

Per 

cent

1.1

Eli 

gible

for

Fed 

eral 

Assist 

ance1

0.9

Type of Primary Service

Full-Service Pumps ....................... 137 Q Q 11 18 20 33 41 Q 18 33

Self or Mini-Service Pumps .......... 1,624 31 66 114 285 263 349 516 116 179 308

Both 

Bulk Sales/Other 

Equally .................................. 

........................... QQQQQQQQQQQ

30QQQQQQQQQQ

Vehicle Used for Commuting

to and from Work

Yes ............... 1.175 Q 39 67 187 187 258 420 74 109 199

No ................................................. 618 17 38 61 123 101 132 146 59 89 148

RSE

33.2

9.4

77.9

NF

10.7

12.3

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative 

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in 

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms 

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

68 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

0.4

1993 Family Income

Less

than

$5,000

2.4

$5,000

to 

$9,999

1.7

$10,000

to 

$14,999

1.2

$15,000

to 

$24,999

0.9

$25,000

to 

$34,999

0.8

$35,000

to 

$49,999

0.8

$50,000

or 

More

0.7

Below Poverty 

Line

100 

Per 

cent

1.4

125 

Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible 

for 

Fed 

eral 

Assist 

ance 1

0.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total ............................................... 90.6 1.7 4.0 6.6 16.0 14.7 19.5 28.1 6.9 10.3 17.9

Census Region and Division

Northeast ...................................... 14.5 Q Q 0.8 2.0 2.2 3.6 5.2 0.8 1.2 2.4

New England .............................. 4.1 Q Q Q Q Q 0.8 1.7 Q Q 0.7

Middle Atlantic ............................ 10.4 Q Q 0.6 1.5 1.6 2.8 3.5 Q 0.9 1.7

Midwest......................................... 23.8 Q 1.0 2.0 4.8 3.8 5.4 6.6 1.6 2.9 4.7

East North Central ...................... 16.7 Q 0.8 1.2 3.0 2.6 3.5 5.4 1.2 1.9 3.3

West North Central ..................... 7.2 Q Q 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.2 Q 0.9 1.4

South ............................................ 33.5 Q 1.9 2.0 6.0 6.0 7.2 9.9 2.5 3.7 6.4

South Atlantic.............................. 17.1 Q Q 1.1 3.1 2.6 3.6 5.5 1.3 1.8 3.4

East South Central ...................... 6.3 Q Q Q 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.6 Q 0.9 1.3

West South Central ..................... 10.1 Q Q Q 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.9 Q 1.0 1.7

West.............................................. 18.8 Q 0.8 1.8 3.2 2.7 3.3 6.3 2.1 2.6 4.4

Mountain ..................................... 5.9 Q Q Q 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.6 Q Q 1.3

Pacific ......................................... 12.9 Q Q 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.6 4.7 Q 1.7 3.1

Largest Populated States

California........................................ 9.5 Q Q Q 1.1 1.2 2.0 3.7 Q Q 2.0

Florida ............................................ 5.1 Q Q Q 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 Q Q Q

New York ....................................... 4.3 Q Q Q Q 0.6 1.0 1.8 Q Q Q

Texas ............................................. 6.6 Q Q Q 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.8 Q Q 1.1

Urban Status

Urban ............................................ 67.5 1.4 2.7 4.2 10.7 10.1 14.5 23.9 4.9 6.7 12.1

Central City ................................. 21.4 Q 1.0 2.0 4.2 3.2 4.2 6.2 2.3 2.7 4.9

Suburban .................................... 46.1 Q 1.7 2.2 6.5 6.9 10.2 17.7 2.6 4.0 7.2

Rural ............................................. 23.1 Q 1.2 2.4 5.3 4.6 5.0 4.2 2.0 3.7 5.8

Household Size

1 Person ....................................... 9.6 Q 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.4

2 Persons ...................................... 30.6 Q 1.4 2.4 6.4 4.4 6.7 8.8 1.5 2.2 4.3

3 Persons ...................................... 18.9 Q Q 1.1 3.0 3.0 3.7 7.1 1.3 1.9 3.5

4 Persons ...................................... 18.1 Q Q 0.8 2.3 2.7 4.7 6.9 1.2 1.8 3.3

5 Persons...................................... 9.1 Q Q Q 1.2 1.6 2.3 2.7 Q 1.9 2.7

6 or More Persons ........................ 4.2 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 1.7 Q Q 1.6

Household Composition

Households with Children ............. 40.4 Q 1.2 2.7 5.9 7.0 9.4 13.6 4.0 6.1 10.0

Age of Oldest Child 

Under7 Years........................... 10.3 Q Q Q 1.8 1.4 2.5 3.6 Q 1.3 2.2

7 to 15 Years ............................ 20.5 Q Q 1.7 2.7 4.0 4.5 6.7 2.2 3.4 5.7

16 or 17 Years .......................... 9.6 Q Q Q 1.4 1.6 2.4 3.3 Q 1.4 2.1

Households Without Children ....... 50.2 1.1 2.8 3.9 10.1 7.7 10.2 14.5 2.9 4.3 7.9

One Adult .................................... 9.6 Q 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.4

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years....................... 2.4 Q Q Q 0.7 0.7 Q Q Q Q Q

35to59 Years ........................ 4.1 Q Q Q 1.1 0.9 0.8 Q Q Q Q

60 Years or More .................... 3.0 Q 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 Q Q 0.4 0.7 1.3

Two or More Adults..................... 40.6 Q 1.6 2.7 7.5 5.5 8.8 13.7 2.0 3.0 5.5

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years....................... 8.1 Q Q Q 1.5 0.9 1.8 2.1 Q Q Q

35 to 59 Years ........................ 20.2 Q Q Q 2.7 2.6 4.6 9.0 Q 1.1 1.7

60 Years or More .................... 12.4 Q 0.6 1.4 3.2 2.0 2.5 2.6 Q 1.1 2.3

8.8

19.0

32.6

22.2

14.7

19.0

20.9

15.2

21.1

27.5

24.5

21.1

37.3

26.6

32.1

24.6

31.3

27.8

10.7

19.8

14.2

15.0

18.4

14.9

19.9

22.5

28.8

43.8

14.3

27.3

17.0

30.8

11.2

18.4

37.0

29.2

22.5

14.0

33.1

21.8

20.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 69
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

0.4

1993 Family Income

Less

than

$5,000

2.4

$5,000

to 

$9,999

1.7

$10,000

to 

$14,999

1.2

$15,000

to 

$24,999

0.9

$25,000

to 

$34,999

0.8

$35,000

to 

$49,999

0.8

$50,000

or 

More

0.7

Below Poverty 

Line

100 

Per 

cent

1.4

125 

Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible 

for Fed 

eral 

Assist 

ance

0.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Race of Householder

White ..........................

Black ..........................

Other..........................

Hispanic Descent

Yes .......................

No ........................

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1

2 ................................................

3 .................................................

4 or More ...................................

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years .............

18 to 22 Years .............

23 to 29 Years .............

30 to 39 Years .............

40 to 49 Years .............

50 to 59 Years .............

60 to 69 Years .............

70 to 79 Years .............

80 Years and Over.......

Don't Know ..................

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .......................

Male ...........................

Don't Know ................

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle ..........................

Onlyl ...........................................

Between 1 and 2 ...........................

Only 2 ...........................................

Between 2 and 3 ...........................

Only 3 ...........................................

Between 3 and 4 ...........................

4 or More ......................................

80.5 

6.3 

3.7

6.2 

84.4

16.5

54.3

13.4

6.0

0.5

2.5

5.1

14.0

14.0

9.0

5.3

3.7

0.9

35.6

23.5

31.5

35.6

Q 

14.8

5.4 

32.9

8.5 

14.5

4.9

8.7

1.3

Q

Q

Q

1.6

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

3.0

Q

Q

Q 

3.6

2.1 

1.4 

Q 

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

0.3

Q

Q

1.0 

0.9 

Q

Q

1.9

Q

1.1

Q

Q

Q

Q

5.4

Q

Q

Q

5.7

2.6 

3.3 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

0.6

0.4

Q

0.5

0.6

Q

3.6

1.6 

1.4 

3.6

Q

2.5

Q

2.1

Q

1.0

Q

Q

14.1 

1.2 

Q

1.1 

14.9

4.2 

9.9 

1.5 

Q

Q 

Q

1.2 

2.0 

1.8 

1.4 

1.2 

1.2 

0.4 

6.4

3.9 

5.7 

6.4

Q

3.4

1.3

6.4

1.2

2.0

0.6

0.9

13.2 

0.9 

Q

1.1 

13.6

3.2 

8.9 

1.9 

Q

Q 

Q

1.0

2.6

2.2

1.5

1.2

0.4

Q

5.1

3.7 

5.9 

5.1

Q

2.6

1.1

5.8

1.2

2.1

Q

1.4

17.9 

1.0 

0.6

1.1 

18.4

2.2

12.7

3.2

1.3

Q

0.6

0.9

3.6

3.2

2.1

1.1

0.4

Q

7.3

5.2 

7.0 

7.3

Q 

2.2

1.1 

6.9 

2.5 

4.1 

1.2 

1.5

25.6 

1.6 

0.9

1.5 

26.6

1.5

17.6

5.9

3.2

Q

1.0

1.2

4.9

6.1

3.4

0.9

0.5

Q

9.9

7.9

10.2

9.9

Q

1.6 

1.0 

10.3 

3.1 

5.0 

2.4 

4.8

5.0

Q

Q

Q 

5.9

2.7 

2.9 

Q 

Q

Q

Q

Q

0.7

0.4

Q

Q

Q

Q

4.1

1.6 

1.3 

4.1

Q

2.6

Q

2.1

Q

0.8

Q

Q

8.0 

1.4 

Q

Q 

8.9

3.4 

4.9 

Q 

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.3

0.9

Q

0.6

0.5

Q

5.5

2.4 

2.4 

5.5

Q

3.4

0.8

3.6

0.8

1.1

Q

Q

Vehicle Characteristics

14.3 

2.2 

1.4

1.8 

16.1

5.6 

9.1 

2.0 

0.8

Q 

Q

1.1 

2.4 

1.7 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

0.3 

8.9

4.1 

4.9 

8.9

Q

5.7

1.4

6.2

1.1

1.8

Q

Q

9.5

34.9

48.7

37.2 

9.0

13.9

12.8

27.5

39.6

93.8

35.7

25.5

17.5

18.2

23.9

23.8

24.6

40.1

22.5

10.5

13.3

22.6

NF 

15.0 

35.2 

15.0 

27.0 

24.8 

40.0 

36.2

Model Year

1994 to 1995 ....................

1993

1992

1989 to 1991 ....................

1986101988 ....................

1983 to 1985 ....................

198010 1982 ....................

1977 to 1979 ....................

............ 5.0

............ 6.6

............ 6.9

............ 20.7

............ 19.0

............ 13.3

............ 5.6

............ 6.3

............ 7.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

0.8

0.8

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

0.5

0.9

1.3

1.2

0.6

0.8

Q

0.7

0.7

0.7

3.2

3.3

2.8

1.2

1.5

1.8

0.7

1.0

1.0

2.9

3.1

2.2

1.0

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.6

4.9

4.3

2.9

1.1

0.9

1.0

2.1

3.0

2.9

7.6

6.1

3.2

1.0

1.0

1.2

Q

Q

Q

1.2

1.0

1.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.2

1.4

Q

Q

Q

0.9

3.0

3.2

3.6

1.8

2.2

2.2

26.6

23.7

22.4

15.1

15.3

17.8

28.3

34.6

36.8

See footnotes at end of table.

70 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Vehicle

Sport Utility ...................................

Other .............................................

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

11 to 12.9 ......................................

13 to 15.9 ......................................

16 to 18.9 ......................................

19to21.9 ......................................

22 to 24.9 ......................................

25 to 29.9 ......................................

Engine Size (liters)

2.50 to 3.49 ...................................

3.50 to 4.49 ...................................

Number of Cylinders

4 ....................................................

6 ....................................................

8 ....................................................

Other .............................................

Type of Transmission

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ..................................

4-Wheel .......................................

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Total

0.4

54.7 

5.5 

7.4 

2.9 

19.6 

Q

4.1 

6.5 

12.6 

15.9 

20.8 

15.5 

12.0 

3.2

27.4 

17.5 

15.1 

30.6

28.3 

32.3 

29.4 

0.5

69.8 

20.7

38.1 

39.7 

12.7

43.9 

45.3 

1.4

88.3 

87.0 

59.9 

11.7 

15.4 

Q 

0.9 

1.2

1993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.4

1.3 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

1.3 

Q

0.8 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

1.7 

1.6 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.7

2.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

0.6 

0.7 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

1.4 

Q 

Q

1.6

1.4 

1.1 

1.5 

Q

3.3 

Q

1.9 

1.8 

Q

2.7 

1.2 

Q

3.9 

3.8 

3.0 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

4.6 

Q 

Q 

Q 

1.3 

Q

0.5 

Q 

0.8 

1.0 

1.3 

0.9 

1.1 

Q

2.1 

1.1 

1.0 

2.4

2.2

2.1 

2.3 

Q

5.3 

1.3

2.7 

3.1 

0.7

4.2 

2.4 

Q

6.4 

6.3 

4.6 

0.7 

1.0 

Q 

Q 

Q

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

10.1 

0.7 

1.0 

Q 

3.6 

Q

0.9 

1.6 

2.1 

2.9 

3.1 

2.4 

2.5 

Q

4.8 

2.4 

2.6 

6.2

4.9 

4.9 

6.1 

Q

12.6 

3.4

6.2 

7.8 

2.0

8.9 

6.8 

Q

15.5 

15.0 

10.5 

1.7 

2.8 

Q 

Q 

Q

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

8.6 

0.9 

1.1 

Q 

3.6 

Q

0.6 

1.3 

2.3 

2.3 

3.5 

2.3 

1.9 

Q

4.3 

2.9 

2.3 

5.3

4.6 

5.2 

4.8 

Q

10.9 

3.8

5.8 

6.9 

2.1

7.7 

6.8 

Q

14.3 

14.1 

9.8 

1.8 

2.6 

Q 

Q 

Q

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.8

10.8 

1.5 

1.8 

Q 

4.8 

Q

0.6 

1.2 

3.0 

3.5 

4.5 

3.4 

2.6 

0.7

5.7 

4.0 

3.3 

6.5

5.9 

7.3 

6.3 

Q

14.6 

5.0

8.2 

8.2 

3.1

8.5 

10.7 

Q

19.0 

18.9 

12.5 

3.1 

3.3 

Q 

Q 

Q

$50,000 

or 

More

0.7

16.5 

2.0 

3.2 

0.9 

5.3 

Q

1.1 

1.2 

3.4 

5.3 

7.5 

5.5 

3.2 

0.9

8.5 

6.2 

5.2 

8.2

8.7 

11.2 

8.0 

Q

22.0 

6.1

12.5 

11.2 

4.4

10.7 

16.8 

Q

27.5 

27.3 

18.4 

3.9 

4.9 

Q 

Q 

Q

Below Poverty 

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

4.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q

1.1 

1.0 

1.2 

1.1 

Q 

Q

2.5 

0.9 

1.0 

2.5

2.4 

2.0 

2.5 

Q

5.6 

1.3

3.1 

3.2 

Q

4.7 

2.1 

Q

6.8 

6.6 

4.9 

Q 

1.1 

Q 

Q 

Q

125 Per 

cent

1.2

7.0 

Q 

Q 

Q 

2.0 

Q

Q

1.0 

1.5 

1.8 

1.7 

1.5 

1.5 

Q

3.5 

1.4 

1.5 

3.9

3.5 

3.1 

3.7 

Q

8.2

2.1

4.3 

4.9 

1.1

6.8 

3.4 

Q

9.9 

9.7 

7.0 

1.0 

1.7 

Q 

Q 

Q

Eli 

gible 

for Fed 

eral Assist 

ance1

0.9

12.1 

Q 

0.7 

Q 

3.6 

Q

1.4 

1.7 

2.5 

2.9 

3.3 

2.7 

2.7 

0.7

5.7 

2.9 

2.6 

6.7

5.8 

5.6 

6.4 

Q

14.5 

3.4

7.7 

8.4 

1.7

11.2 

6.5 

Q

17.4 

17.0 

12.2 

1.8 

3.1 

Q 

Q 

Q

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

9.9 

24.7 

27.5 

42.2

17.1 

NF

33.8 

32.3 

22.6 

15.8 

17.8 

16.6 

14.8 

34.9

12.5 

15.3 

20.2 

14.7

11.5 

12.6 

15.6 

71.9

9.5 

17.9

10.6 

14.2 

22.6

12.8 

10.9 

56.9

9.2 

9.2 

10.6 

20.4 

18.3 

NF 

73.9 

63.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 71
Table 5.8. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Primary Service

Vehicle Used for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes................................................

No .................................................

Total

0.4

1993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.4

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.7

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.8

$50,000 

or 

More

0.7

Below Poverty 

Line

100 

Per 

cent

1.4

125 

Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible 

for 

Fed 

eral 

Assist 

ance1

0.9

6.8 Q Q 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 Q 0.9 1.7 

82.0 1.5 3.4 5.9 14.6 13.4 17.6 25.6 6.1 9.2 15.7 

QQQQQQQQQQQ

1.6Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 

58.2 Q 2.0 3.4 9.4 9.3 12.8 20.6 3.7 5.5 10.0 

32.4 0.8 2.0 3.2 6.6 5.4 6.8 7.5 3.2 4.8 7.9

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

31.7 

9.6 

79.3 

NF

10.9 

12.3

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative 

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in 

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms 

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

72 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.9. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994

(Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

0.3

1993 Family Income

Less

than

$5,000

2.8

$5,000

to

$9,999

1.9

$10,000

to

$14,999

1.2

$15,000

to

$24,999

0.9

$25,000

to

$34,999

0.8

$35,000

to

$49,999

0.7

$50,000

or

More

0.6

Below Poverty

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

125 Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible

for Fed 

eral

Assist 

ance1

0.9

RSE 

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

21.1 16.1 12.2 14.3 18.1 21.6 23.6 27.6 14.7 15.3 16.1

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic ..........................

West North Central ...................

West ............................................

Largest Populated States

Urban Status

Central City ...............................

Household Size

Household Composition

Age of Oldest Child

7 to 15 Years ..........................

Households Without Children ..... 

One Adult ..................................

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years .....................

35 to 59 Years ......................

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years ......................

. 20.3

20.5

. 20.2

22.2

22.2

. 22.2

. 21.7

. 22.4

22.2

. 20.3

19.6

19.6

19.6

19.8

. 20.9

18.7

. 20.3

20.7

18.0

. 22.3

22 5

11.6

20.0

25.2

26.6

. 26.3

30.9

24.8

. 22.4

. 24.2

. 29.9

18.9 

11.6

15.6

12.8 

8.6

. 22.4

24.4

26.2

17.1

19.5

Q

20.7

Q

Q

Q

12.2

11.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

17.6

16.8

18.3

10.4

10.7

15.1

17.1

Q

Q

Q

17.1

13.4

Q

Q

15.7 

10.7

Q

Q 

8.4

19.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

12.7

14.4

9.0

12.3

17.2

Q

8.5

11.8

11.3

12.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

12.7

11.1

13.9

11.2

7.9

17.3

14.7

12.7

Q

Q

13.5

Q

12.4

17.1

11.7 

7.9

Q

9.8 

7.1

18.2

Q

13.2

14.0

11.9

Q

11.9

16.2

15.0

18.6

12.6

12.7

Q

12.5

16.1

16.5

16.0

14.9

Q

12.0

14.2

13.4

12.6

14.3

16.5

8.9

14.4

17.8

21.1

18.3

Q

17.3

17.2

17.5

16.8

12.8 

8.9

Q

9.9 

7.5

16.1

20.8

22.7

12.7

16.7

15.1

17.4

19.3

18.5

20.9

18.8

20.4

19.1

16.5

16.2

17.6

15.2

16.0

18.7

14.6

16.4

17.2

16.6

17.6

20.7

12.4

17.6

22.8

23.9

22.5

18.1

21.5

20.7

21.0

24.0

16.6 

12.4

17.4

12.4 

9.4

18.8

24.5

21.1

15.4

21.2

26.9

19.5

20.9

21.0

20.8

23.1

22.3

24.4

23.3

19.7

24.0

18.3

17.4

21.3

19.9

23.7

20.4

17.7

22.0

24.7

15.1

19.2

26.6

25.8

25.7

39.3

26.5

21.9

27.1

30.4

18.5 

15.1

20.6

14.3 

11.8

20.6

24.0

23.2

16.7

22.3

23.9

21.8

24.8

23.2

28.3

25.6

24.5

25.7

27.5

20.0

19.6

20.1

21.3

24.0

17.7

26.9

22.2

20.3

23.1

29.3

12.2

22.4

26.1

26.8

30.4

30.7

26.2

22.9

26.6

29.9

21.6 

12.2

14.2

12.9 

7.3

24.5

23.3

27.2

21.4

24.2

24.2

24.2

31.1

31.8

28.3

29.7

30.1

33.1

27.2

25.0

24.4

25.2

24.7

25.9

23.6

24.8

27.1

23.3

28.8

31.2

14.6

24.3

29.9

30.7

30.1

40.5

29.7

26.6

27.7

40.2

26.0 

14.6

Q

16.6 

Q

27.4

25.9

30.7

20.8

15.3

Q

16.4

17.2

18.4

14.3

12.1

12.6

15.5

9.7

16.8

16.0

17.3

17.8

Q

Q

Q

15.0

14.7

15.3

14.1

8.8

13.9

15.4

17.1

20.0

20.0

16.6

15.4

16.2

19.5

12.8 

8.8

Q

11.1 

7.0

16.4

Q

15.9

13.7

15.6

Q

16.5

17.7

18.6

16.1

13.3

13.5

15.9

11.5

16.0

15.4

16.4

16.5

Q

13.5

13.0

14.9

13.5

16.1

16.0

8.3

13.9

16.6

19.3

20.5

20.4

17.7

16.6

17.6

18.9

12.8 

8.3

Q

10.3 

7.3

17.0

19.7

19.0

13.5

15.4

12.5

16.8

16.8

16.9

16.5

15.7

17.7

16.3

12.2

16.4

15.1

17.1

16.0

Q

13.9

14.0

15.9

14.3

17.3

16.4

8.9

14.9

18.1

21.2

21.0

23.7

19.5

17.7

19.4

22.2

13.2 

8.9

11.3

10.8 

7.5

16.8

23.2

18.2

13.0

11.3

14.6

12.1

9.1

12.1

11.9

8.4

11.0

20.1

15.5

13.6

21.8

18.3

24.6

19.7

20.3

19.9

6.6

10.9

8.2

9.4

12.5

8.7

11.2

11.6

13.7

27.9

7.3

13.8

8.5

16.5

6.9 

12.5

34.0

19.0 

16.7

8.6

21.4

13.3

14.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 73
Table 5.9. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Race of Householder

White.............................................

Black .............................................

Other .............................................

Hispanic Descent

Yes ................................................

No .................................................

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ....................................................

2 ....................................................

3 ....................................................

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle ..........................

Onlyl ...........................................

Only 2 ...........................................

Only 3 ...........................................

Total

0.3

1993 Family Income

Less 

than 

$5,000

2.8

21.7 16.2 

17.1 13.8 

17.8 Q

19.5 Q 

21.3 16.4

12.3 12.6 

23.2 16.8 

33.1 Q 

43.0 Q

5.9 Q 

10.7 11.2 

19.5 Q 

23.2 24.6 

29.1 Q 

32.6 Q 

44.3 Q 

50.0 Q

$5,000 

to 

$9,999

1.9

12.6 

10.1 

Q

Q 

12.1

9.4 

20.4 

Q 

Q

Q 

9.1 

16.1 

19.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

$10,000 

to 

$14,999

1.2

14.6 

11.5 

Q

18.3 

13.8

10.4 

19.1 

29.0 

Q

Q

10.1 

17.6 

20.7 

Q 

29.0 

Q 

Q

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

18.6 

14.9 

15.4

16.7 

18.2

12.2 

21.2 

29.6 

Q

Q 

10.1 

18.1 

21.6 

28.7 

31.4 

Q 

49.2

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

21.6 

21.3 

Q

22.2

21.5

15.6 

23.2 

29.7 

41.1

Q 

12.6 

20.1 

24.1 

27.9 

33.7 

Q 

53.7

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.7

24.0 

20.4 

18.5

21.0 

23.8

12.9 

24.3 

32.5 

44.5

Q 

11.2 

22.8 

23.5 

30.6 

32.7 

38.0 

45.3

$50,000 

or 

More

0.6

Below Poverty 

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

28.0 15.1 

25.8 12.3 

22.2 Q

23.6 Q 

27.9 14.5

14.9 11.4 

25.3 17.6 

37.0 28.2 

47.6 Q

Q Q 

11.9 10.7 

21.3 16.9 

24.3 22.2 

29.5 Q 

33.1 30.3 

46.7 Q 

50.8 Q

125 Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible 

for Fed 

eral Assist 

ance1

0.9

16.2 16.9 

11.6 12.8 

14.8 14.6

16.8 17.0 

15.1 16.0

10.8 10.8 

18.6 20.0 

29.4 29.4 

31.0 35.7

Q Q 

10.3 10.2 

17.6 18.5 

22.7 21.7 

30.0 29.2 

32.6 33.3 

Q Q 

Q Q

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

5.7 

20.0 

29.9

19.8 

5.6

9.2 

6.4 

17.1 

25.1

114.6 

8.3 

18.1 

6.9 

10.8 

11.7 

13.1 

16.8

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

74 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.10. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994

(Gallons per Household)

1993 Household

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Total

0.3

1993 Family Income

Less

than

$5,000

2.5

$5,000

to

$9,999

2.0

$10,000

to

$14,999

1.3

$15,000

to

$24,999

0.9

$25,000

to

$34,999

0.8

$35,000

to

$49,999

0.7

$50,000

or

More

0.6

Below Poverty

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

125 Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible

for Fed 

eral

Assist 

ance1

0.9

RSE 

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total ..............................................

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic ...........................

East North Central .....................

South ...........................................

West .............................................

Pacific ........................................

Largest Populated States

New York .....................................

Texas

Urban Status

Urban ...........................................

Household Size

Household Composition

Age of Oldest Child 

Under? Years ..........................

7 to 15 Years ..........................

16 or 17 Years .........................

Households Without Children ...... 

One Adult ...................................

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years .......................

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years .......................

1,067

982

1,006

973

1,104

1,102

1,110

1,109

1,111

1,167

1,073

1,023

1,093

994

1,000

1,030

898

1,076

1,029

888

1,111

1,196

566

1,016

1,257

1,357

1,359

1,566

1,257

1,119

1,240

1,500

951 

566

720

627

435

1,134

1,126

1,344

907

781

791

Q

836

Q

Q

Q

627

614

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

835

817

849

574

517

742

885

Q

Q

Q

841

682

Q

Q

751 

517

Q

Q

483

917

Q

Q

Q

631

Q

Q

Q

691

809

419

626

787

666

461

621

657

599

Q

Q

Q

Q

650

569

711

591

410

867

764

670

Q

Q

717

Q

640

Q

600 

410

Q

558

357

928

Q

701

898

739

556

509

574

793

729

916

664

654

Q

613

905

920

899

855

Q

570

619

671

621

721

898

442

759

885

1,027

983

Q

884

868

907

819

663 

442

Q

507

381

853

1,023

1,230

684

934

839

780

865

997

923

1,154

963

1,026

973

869

861

987

765

800

871

709

890

853

808

885

1,154

606

915

1,128

1,336

1,171

1,011

1,126

1,072

1,103

1,258

848 

606

796

604

491

980

1,185

1,083

843

1,102

1,052

1,327

971

1,047

1,074

996

1,189

1,099

1,252

1,282

1,050

1,385

939

880

1,059

982

1,387

1,032

891

1,115

1,294

709

957

1,426

1,327

1,441

2,034

1,391

1,139

1,455

1,515

926 

709

967

665

569

1,056

1,032

1,218

905

1,182

1,073

,172

,047

,218

,138

,399

,322

,233

,392

,446

,010

1,128

984

1,041

1,207

860

1,378

1,093

995

1,139

1,544

593

1,139

1,274

1,341

1,556

1,538

1,303

1,150

1,303

1,510

1,088 

593

696

627

346

1,241

1,093

1,405

1,111

1,372

1,164

1,189

,151

,506

,550

,334

,486

,466

,668

,436

,289

,341

1,272

1,242

1,243

1,116

1,308

1,338

1,151

1,418

1,607

701

1,225

1,460

1,549

1,448

1,963

1,477

1,290

1,414

1,968

1,287 

701

Q

782

Q

1,356

1,206

1,547

1,024

769

674

Q

733

904

991

695

651

689

875

478

904

866

925

947

Q

Q

Q

767

730

803

773

442

731

787

846

1,104

1,086

871

759

860

1,071

661 

442

Q

572

374

856

Q

829

831

795

703

Q

746

912

952

837

715

717

905

599

866

860

869

871

Q

630

686

756

676

821

880

416

734

838

990

1,092

1,117

922

845

923

1,001

666 

416

Q

536

375

892

884

1,037

791

828

742

631

795

856

869

827

807

868

932

648

883

828

909

833

Q

666

732

799

717

865

895

449

760

905

1,098

1,138

1,255

1,011

893

1,012

1,171

673 

449

494

575

390

861

1,016

962

729

5.9

11.7

18.6

12.6

10.1

13.4

13.6

8.5

11.8

16.3

16.3

13.8

21.6

18.6

25.1

20.4

19.5

20.4

7.2

11.9

9.1

9.6

11.8

9.3

11.6

12.3

14.9

27.7

8.4

15.1

9.3

17.5

7.2 

11.8

34.5

18.6

16.0

9.1

20.8

15.3

14.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 75
Table 5.10. U.S. Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Family Income, 1994 (Continued)

(Gallons per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Race of Householder

White.............................................

Black .............................................

Other .............................................

Hispanic Descent

Yes ................................................

No .................................................

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ....................................................

2 ....................................................

3 ....................................................

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Only 1 ...........................................

Only 2 ...........................................

Only 3 ...........................................

Total

0.3

1993 Family Income

Less $5, 

than t 

$5,000 $9,

2.5 2

000 $10,000

D tO

999 $14,999

0 1.3

1,099 777 640 751 

865 708 592 612 

867 Q 624 Q

990 Q Q 917 

1,073 793 623 717

606 606 492 515 

1,187 894 1,005 995 

1,667 Q Q 1,698 

2,071 Q Q Q

281 Q Q Q 

518 531 475 487 

990 Q 850 873 

1,158 1,198 1,100 1,082 

1,522 Q Q Q 

1,726 Q Q 1,774 

2,183 Q Q Q 

2,571 Q Q Q

$15,000 

to 

$24,999

0.9

963 

758 

760

830 

942

606 

1,112 

1,490 

Q

Q 

492 

914 

1,119 

1,584 

1,696 

Q 

2,815

$25,000 

to 

$34,999

0.8

1,117 

967 

Q

1,212 

1,094

734 

1,205 

1,644 

1,999

Q 

587 

1,022 

1,225 

1,429 

1,887 

Q 

2,904

$35,000 

to 

$49,999

0.7

1,204 

1,049 

886

1,073 

1,189

628 

1,230 

1,629 

2,146

Q 

526 

1,131 

1,141 

1,615 

1,727 

1,936 

2,277

$50,000 

or 

More

0.6

Below Poverty 

Line

100 Per 

cent

1.4

1,395 778 

1 ,264 689 

1 ,038 Q

1,157 Q 

1,386 758

768 569 

1 ,271 955 

1 ,780 1 ,596 

2,282 Q

Q Q 

580 531 

1 ,071 933 

1,182 1,157 

1,491 Q 

1 ,664 1 ,782 

2,379 Q 

2,556 Q

125 

Per 

cent

1.2

Eli 

gible 

for Fed 

eral Assist 

ance1

0.9

833 862 

655 695 

746 747

853 860 

787 824

534 543 

1 ,000 1 ,040 

1,688 1,602 

1,376 1,622

Q Q 

507 507 

936 941 

1,202 1,151 

1 ,772 1 ,678 

1,873 1,811 

Q Q 

Q Q

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

6.3 

20.2 

28.9

21.3 

6.1

9.9 

6.6 

17.6 

26.3

106.3 

8.1 

17.5 

7.8 

11.2 

11.3 

15.0 

15.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately 0.5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 years old unless the member is the householder or spouse. • To obtain the Relative 

Standard Error (RSE) percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in 

this table are for households with vehicles for personal transportation. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Forms 

EIA-876 A, B, C, and D of the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

76 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children

Total

0.6

Age of Oldest Child

Under

7

Years

1.0

7

to

15

Years

0.8

16

or

17

Years

1.3

Households Without Children

Total

0.5

One AdultAge of Householder

Under

35

Years

1.8

35

to

59

Years

1.4

60

Years

or

Over

1.2

Two or More AdultsAge of Householder

Under

35

Years

1.3

35

to

59

Years

0.9

60

Years

or

Over

1.0

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

64.6 17.1 32.3 15.2 92.2 4.1 7.6 7.9 13.8 33.9 24.9 5.6

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic .............................

East North Central .......................

West North Central ......................

South .............................................

East South Central ......................

West South Central .....................

West ..............................................

Largest Populated States

Urban Status

Urban ............................................

Central City .................................

Household Size

Race of Householder

White .............................................

Black .............................................

Other .............................................

Hispanic Descent

Yes ................................................

No...................................................

10.9

3.3

7.6

17.1

12.2

4.9

23.2

10.6

4.5

8.1

13.4

4.5

8.9

7.0

3.5

3.2

5.1

49.1

15.8

33.3

15.5

Q

2.0

18.6

25.0

13.0

6.1

54.8

5.8

4.0

6.2

58.5

3.2

1.1

2.1

4.3

2.9

1.4

5.9

3.1

0.6

2.2

3.6

1.3

2.3

1.9

1.3

1.0

1.3

13.6

5.3

8.2

3.5

Q

0.5

7.7

6.2

1.8

0.8

14.4

1.5

1.1

1.9

15.2

4.9

1.6

3.3

8.5

5.9

2.6

11.6

4.8

2.8

4.0

7.3

2.7

4.6

3.5

1.4

1.4

2.5

24.1

7.7

16.4

8.2

Q

1.1

7.2

13.2

8.1

2.7

27.6

3.0

1.8

2.8

29.5

2.7

0.6

2.2

4.3

3.4

0.9

5.7

2.7

1.1

2.0

2.5

0.5

2.0

1.5

0.7

0.8

1.3

11.5

2.8

8.7

3.8

Q

0.5

3.6

5.6

3.0

2.6

12.8

1.3

1.1

1.5

13.7

15.7

4.3

11.4

24.0

16.8

7.2

32.8

17.9

6.6

8.3

19.7

5.3

14.4

10.0

5.3

4.6

5.9

70.3

24.2

46.0

21.9

19.5

53.3

13.2

4.5

1.4

Q

83.7

5.4

3.1

4.5

87.6

0.7

Q

0.6

1.3

0.8

0.5

1.3

0.5

Q

0.6

0.7

Q

0.5

Q

Q

Q

0.5

3.3

1.6

1.7

0.8

4.1

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

3.2

0.5

0.4

0.3

3.7

1.3

Q

1.0

1.8

1.3

0.5

2.7

1.5

0.5

0.7

1.8

0.3

1.5

0.9

0.4

0.6

0.5

6.4

2.4

4.0

1.2

7.6

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

6.7

0.5

0.4

0.3

7.2

1.3

0.6

0.7

2.3

1.6

0.6

2.8

1.4

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.6

0.9

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.6

5.0

1.9

3.2

2.9

7.9

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

7.2

0.5

Q

Q

7.7

2.1

0.7

1.4

3.6

2.4

1.2

5.1

3.0

1.1

0.9

3.0

1.0

2.0

1.3

0.9

0.5

0.6

11.7

4.3

7.4

2.1

Q

11.4

1.0

0.7

0.6

Q

12.5

0.7

0.6

1.0

12.8

5.7

1.4

4.3

8.1

6.4

1.7

12.3

6.9

2.3

3.0

7.8

1.7

6.2

4.1

1.9

1.6

2.1

25.9

8.2

17.8

8.0

Q

21.3

8.7

3.0

0.7

Q

31.0

1.7

1.2

1.7

32.2

4.6

1.3

3.3

6.9

4.3

2.7

8.5

4.5

2.0

2.0

4.9

1.5

3.4

2.8

1.5

1.4

1.7

17.9

6.0

12.0

7.0

Q

20.6

3.4

0.8

Q

Q

23 2

1.4

Q

0.9

24.0

11.6

23.4

12.9

12.3

14.3

22.3

9.6

14.6

18.0

14.6

12.7

23.0

14.9

18.4

23.9

18.6

17.8

6.8

11.9

9.5

12.1

5.4

12.6

13.1

17.4

24.2

23.2

6.1

21.5

24.9

22.2

c q

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 77
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

1993 Family Income

$5,000 to $9,999 ...............................

$10,000 to $14,999 ...........................

$15,000 to $19,999 ...........................

$20,000 to $24,999 ...........................

$25,000 to $34,999 ...........................

$35,000 to $49,999 ...........................

$50,000 to $74,999 ...........................

Below Poverty Line

125 Percent .......................................

150 Percent .......................................

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ......

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................

2 ........................................................

3 ........................................................

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ...................................

18 to 22 Years ...................................

23 to 29 Years ...................................

30 to 39 Years ...................................

40 to 49 Years ...................................

50 to 59 Years ...................................

60 to 69 Years ...................................

70 to 79 Years ...................................

Sex of Primary Driver

Male ..................................................

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Only 1 ................................................

Only 2 ................................................

Only 3 ................................................

Households with Children

Total

0.6

1.0 

1.9 

4.4 

5.1 

4.3 

10.7 

15.6 

14.0 

7.6

6.6 

9.6 

13.7

15.8

6.6 

41.5 

11.6 

4.7

1.1 

2.2 

2.8 

15.7 

13.8 

3.0 

0.7 

0.3 

Q 

25.0

18.3 

21.3 

25.0

0.3 

7.4 

3.7 

25.3 

6.6 

10.4 

2.9 

7.9

Age of Oldest Child

Under 

7 

Years

1.0

0.4 

0.4 

1.0 

1.5 

1.4 

2.2 

4.3 

3.7 

2.1

1.6 

2.1 

3.1

3.7

1.6 

14.1 

0.9 

Q

Q 

Q 

1.6 

4.9 

1.6 

0.4 

Q 

Q 

Q 

8.4

3.8 

4.9 

8.4

0.1 

2.1 

1.1 

8.9 

1.6 

1.8 

Q 

1.2

7 

to 

15 

Years

0.8

0.3 

1.2 

2.8 

2.4 

1.9 

6.1 

7.1 

7.3 

3.3

3.6 

5.4 

7.5

9.0

3.9 

24.1 

3.7 

0.6

0.4 

0.3 

1.1 

9.6 

7.6 

1.4 

0.4 

Q 

Q 

11.4

9.8 

11.3 

11.3

0.1 

3.9 

2.2 

13.3 

3.6 

4.8 

1.4 

2.9

16 

or 

17 

Years

1.3

Q 

0.4 

0.6 

1.1 

1.0 

2.5 

4.1 

2.9 

2.2

1.3 

2.2 

3.1

3.1

1.2 

3.4 

7.0 

3.7

0.7 

1.7 

Q 

1.2 

4.7 

1.2 

Q 

Q 

Q 

5.3

4.8 

5.1 

5.3

Q

1.4 

0.4 

3.1 

1.3 

3.8 

1.3 

3.8

Households Without Children

Total

0.5

2.0 

5.9 

8.0 

9.1 

10.1 

13.3 

18.1 

14.1 

11.5

5.8 

8.6 

11.9

16.0

25.7 

50.1 

10.7 

4.9

Q 

2.2 

5.6 

6.9 

8.4 

12.0 

9.9 

8.3 

2.5 

36.3

25.1 

30.9 

36.1

1.0 

21.2 

4.7 

31.5 

7.0 

14.8 

5.0 

6.9

One AdultAge of Householder

Under 

35 

Years

1.8

Q

0.3 

0.4 

0.5 

0.7 

1.2 

0.6 

Q 

Q

0.3 

0.3 

0.5

0.8

4.0 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

1.2 

0.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

1.7

0.6 

1.7

1.7

Q 

2.5 

0.3 

0.6 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

35 

to 

59 

Years

1.4

Q

0.8 

0.6 

0.8 

1.4 

1.5 

1.5 

0.7 

Q

0.7 

0.8 

1.1

1.3

7.4 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

0.7 

1.8 

1.5 

Q 

Q 

Q 

3.4

2.0 

2.1 

3.4

0.3 

5.1 

0.6 

1.0 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

60 

Years 

or 

Over

1.2

0.3 

2.0 

1.8 

1.1 

0.7 

1.3 

0.4 

Q 

Q

1.1 

1.9 

2.3

3.5

7.6 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

1.6 

2.2 

0.8 

2.9

3.7 

1.4 

2.8

0.2 

5.4 

0.5 

1.2 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Two or More AdultsAge of Householder

Under 

35 

Years

1.3

1.0 

1.2 

0.9 

1.1 

1.4 

1.5 

3.1 

2.2 

1.4

1.5 

1.7 

2.7

2.8

0.7 

11.1 

0.9 

1.0

Q 

0.7 

2.5 

2.7 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

7.5

2.6 

3.6 

7.5

0.2 

1.4 

1.0 

6.6 

1.3 

1.7 

Q 

0.9

35 

to 

59 

Years

0.9

Q 

0.6 

1.4 

2.1 

2.7 

4.1 

7.8 

8.1 

6.9

0.9 

1.7 

2.5

3.0

2.0 

21.0 

7.8 

3.1

Q 

1.3 

1.4 

1.9 

5.8 

9.3 

1.2 

Q 

Q 

12.8

9.6 

11.6 

12.8

0.2 

2.6 

1.3 

10.6 

3.3 

8.0 

3.4 

4.7

60 

Years 

or 

Over

1.0

Q 

1.1 

3.0 

3.5 

3.1 

3.9 

4.7 

2.6 

2.8

1.4 

2.1 

2.9

4.7

4.1 

17.9 

2.0 

0.8

Q 

Q 

0.4 

0.7 

0.4 

0.9 

6.9 

5.8 

1.7 

8.1

6.5 

10.5 

8.0

0.1 

4.2 

1.0 

11.5 

1.9 

4.6 

0.8 

0.9

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

32.7 

24.2 

16.9 

18.6 

17.4 

14.8 

13.4 

15.2 

18.8

17.2 

15.3 

13.9

12.1

10.2 

7.3 

18.7 

30.2

29.3 

23.5 

19.1 

15.1 

14.3 

19.1 

22.0 

17.6 

20.5 

8.3

8.5 

9.3 

8.3

33.6 

8.7 

21.2 

10.9 

18.9 

17.1 

30.8 

27.8

See footnotes at end of table.

78 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children

Total

0.6

Age of Oldest Child

Under

7

Years

1.0

7

to

15

Years

0.8

16

or

17

Years

1.3

Households Without Children

Total

0.5

One AdultAge of Householder

Under

35

Years

1.8

35

to

59

Years

1.4

60

Years

or

Over

1.2

Two or More AdultsAge of Householder

Under

35

Years

1.3

35

to

59

Years

0.9

60

Years

or

Over

1.0

RSE 

Row

Factor:

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

1994101995 .....................................

1993 ..................................................

1992

1989(01991 .....................................

1986101988 .....................................

1983to 1985 .....................................

1980 to 1982 .....................................

1977 to 1979 .....................................

Type of Vehicle

Sport Utility ........................................

Other .................................................

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

11 to 12.9 ..........................................

13to15.9 ..........................................

16to18.9 ..........................................

191021.9 ..........................................

22 to 24.9 ..........................................

25 to 29.9 ..........................................

Engine Size (liters)

2.50 to 3.49 .......................................

3.50to4.49 .......................................

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................

6 ........................................................

8 ........................................................

Other .................................................

Type of Transmission

Manual Shift ......................................

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ......................................

Rear-Wheel .......................................

4-Wheel .............................................

3.0

4.5

4.8

13.2

14.5

11.4

5.0

4.0

4.2

39.9

6.1

4.8

1.7

12.0

Q

2.8

3.4

7.7

10.7

14.8

11.7

10.6

2.9

24.7

12.9

10.1

17.0

25.8

22.5

15.9

0.4

47.3

17.4

31.0

25.9

7.7

0.8

1.3

1.4

3.6

3.7

2.9

1.2

1.0

1.2

11.2

1.3

1.5

Q

2.9

Q

0.8

0.7

2.1

2.2

3.7

3.4

3.0

1.1

7.5

3.1

2.1

4.3

7.6

5.1

4.2

Q

12.2

4.9

8.8

6.0

2.2

1.5

2.3

2.5

6.6

7.0

5.7

2.6

2.0

2.1

18.9

3.8

2.5

1.0

6.0

Q

1.5

1.9

3.8

5.9

7.5

5.6

5.0

1.1

11.5

6.5

5.5

8.8

12.1

12.0

8.1

Q

23.8

8.5

15.1

13.1

4.1

0.7

0.9

0.9

3.0

3.8

2.8

1.2

0.9

0.9

9.8

1.1

0.9

0.4

3.0

Q

0.5

0.7

1.8

2.6

3.6

2.8

2.7

0.6

5.7

3.2

2.5

3.8

6.1

5.3

3.6

Q

11.3

4.0

7.1

6.7

1.4

4.2

5.9

6.5

21.8

21.8

14.2

5.9

5.5

6.4

66.6

2.0

4.7

1.7

16.8

0.4

4.3

5.5

11.1

15.8

20.4

16.5

14.3

4.3

35.1

17.3

14.0

25.8

35.8

29.8

25.7

0.9

70.2

21.9

43.8

38.4

9.9

Q

0.4

Q

1.0

1.0

0.5

Q

Q

Q

3.0

Q

Q

Q

0.7

Q

Q

Q

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.1

0.4

2.2

0.6

0.4

0.8

2.2

1.0

0.8

Q

2.2

1.9

2.3

1.1

0.7

0.3

0.5

0.4

1.9

2.3

1.0

0.4

0.4

Q

5.6

Q

Q

Q

1.2

Q

Q

Q

0.9

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.5

Q

3.4

1.3

0.9

1.9

3.5

2.3

1.7

Q

5.6

1.9

3.8

3.1

0.6

0.3

0.6

0.5

1.8

1.6

1.2

0.7

0.6

0.5

7.0

Q

Q

Q

0.8

Q

0.5

0.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.1

Q

2.8

1.6

1.2

2.3

3.1

2.5

2.3

Q

7.1

0.8

4.3

3.3

Q

0.9

0.9

0.9

3.8

3.1

2.0

0.8

0.7

0.8

10.2

Q

1.2

Q

2.1

Q

0.3

0.5

0.9

2.1

2.8

2.6

3.0

1.5

7.2

2.5

1.7

2.4

7.1

4.1

2.3

Q

8.3

5.4

7.1

4.7

2.0

1.5

2.2

2.8

7.6

7.9

5.5

2.1

1.8

2.4

22.6

0.7

2.2

0.7

7.6

Q

1.6

2.1

3.9

6.0

7.7

5.8

5.2

1.6

1P c

6.7

5.1

9.6

12.6

11.2

9.8

0.4

25.6

8.3

15.0

14.3

4.6

0.9

1.2

1.8

5.7

5.9

3.9

1.7

1.8

2.0

18.1

0.8

0.8

0.6

4 5

Q

1.4

2.1

3.9

4.6

6.3

4.0

2.4

0.3

6.9

4.6

4.7

8.8

7.2

Q c

8

n

Q

21.4

3.6

1 -* o

11.8

1.8

19.7

15.7

15.3

9.7

9.5

11.3

14.4

17.6

20.3

6.0

16.8

15.8

25.6

10.5

74.5

20.1

19.1

12.5

11.4

10.0

10.3

10.2

19.9

7.6

10.8

11.7

9.9

7.5

Q *1

9.9

44.8

c O

9.8

C O

8.1

13.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 79
Table 5.11. U.S. Vehicles by Household Composition, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Unleaded .........................................

Leaded ............................................

Type of Primary Service

Bulk Sales/Other ...............................

Vehicle Used for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

Households with Children

Total

0.6

32.2 

31.6 

0.9

63.4 

62.5 

43.1 

8.5 

10.9 

0.9 

0.5 

0.7

4.2 

59.4 

0.9 

Q

44.5 

20.1

Age of Oldest Child

Under 

7 

Years

1.0

8.5 

8.4 

Q

16.8 

16.6 

11.4 

2.0 

3.2 

Q 

Q 

Q

1.5 

15.3 

Q 

Q

12.1 

5.0

7 

to 

15 

Years

0.8

16.6 

15.4 

0.4

31.7 

31.1 

21.4 

4.3 

5.4 

0.5 

Q 

0.3

1.8 

30.2 

0.3 

Q

22.1 

10.2

16 

or 

17 

Years

1.3

Households Without Children

Total

0.5

7.2 44.2 

7.7 46.7 

0.3 1.3

14.9 90.0 

14.8 89.0 

10.3 61.1 

2.2 12.1 

2.3 15.8 

Q 1.0 

Q 1.0 

Q 1.1

0.9 9.6 

13.9 80.4 

Q 2.0 

Q Q

10.3 50.8 

4.9 41.4

One AdultAge of Householder

Under 

35 

Years

1.8

2.0 

2.1 

Q

4.0 

3.9 

2.2 

0.7 

1.1 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q

3.9 

Q 

Q

3.3 

0.7

35 

to 

59 

Years

1.4

3.6 

3.9 

Q

7.5 

7.4 

4.7 

1.3 

1.4 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.7 

6.7 

Q 

Q

5.5 

2.1

60 

Years 

or 

Over

1.2

4.1 

3.7 

Q

7.7 

7.6 

5.3

1.1 

1.2 

Q 

Q 

Q

2.6 

5.0 

0.3 

Q

1.6 

6.3

Two or More AdultsAge of Householder

Under 

35 

Years

1.3

6.1 

7.6 

Q

13.7 

13.6 

9.0 

2.1 

2.4 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.4 

13.2 

Q 

Q

10.8 

2.9

35 

to 

59 

Years

0.9

15.6 

17.4 

0.9

33.1 

32.7 

22.6 

4.2 

5.9 

0.4 

Q 

0.6

3.0 

30.3 

0.6 

Q

22.7 

11.2

60 

Years 

or 

Over

1.0

12.8 

11.9 

Q

24.1 

23.9 

17.2 

2.8 

3.9 

Q 

0.6 

Q

2.8 

21.4 

0.6 

Q

6.8 

18.1

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

7.4 

7.0 

30.3

5.7 

5.7 

6.8 

13.3 

11.5 

40.1 

45.7 

36.4

21.0 

6.3 

34.7 

Q

7.3 

8.2

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse." To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households with 

vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

80 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.12. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Household Composition, 

1994

(Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Households with Children

Total

0.5

Age of Oldest Child

Under

7

Years

1.1

7

to

15

Years

0.6

16

or

17

Years

1.1

Households without Children

Total

0.5

One AdultAge of Householder

Under

35

Years

2.2

35

to

59

Years

1.3

60

Years

or

Over

1.3

Two or More AdultsAge of Householder

Under

35

Years

1.5

35

to

59

Years

0.8

60

Years

or

Over

1.0

not 

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics 

Total 24.2 29.9 18.9 15.6 12.8 8.6 24.4 26.2 17.1 4.8

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic .............................

West North Central ......................

South .............................................

West South Central .....................

West ..............................................

Largest Populated States

Florida .........................................

NewYork ......................................

Urban Status

Urban ............................................

Central City .................................

Household Size

Race of Householder

White .............................................

Black .............................................

Other .............................................

Hispanic Descent

Yes

No..................................................

24.8

26.6

24.1

26.1

26.3

25.5

25.5

25.1

28.5

24.6

22.0

22.1

22.0

21.7

25.0

20.7

24.6

24.4

20.0

26.9

26.0

Q

14.8

23.6

25.5

25.4

30.7

26.0

19.1

19.0

21.8

25.1

22.3

22.9

21.9

23.8

24.4

22.6

22.6

23.1

28.0

20.7

20.4

20.1

20.6

21.1

21.3

18.6

20.4.

22.5

19.1

25.0

21.7

Q

11.4

23.4

22.0

21.4

Q

23.2

18.7

17.8

18.8

22.8

25.0

27.5

24.0

25.6

25.6

25.4

24.6

23.8

26.9

24.5

21.3

22.7

20.6

20.0

25.2

20.5

24.0

23.6

21.1

25.0

25.7

Q

15.9

22.3

25.4

25.1

26.3

25.2

20.5

16.7

22.5

24.3

28.1

Q

26.9

30.2

29.8

31.6

31.4

30.9

34.4

30.7

27.9

Q

28.6

28.3

33.2

24.1

31.6

29.2

19.1

33.9

32.0

Q

16.6

27.2

31.4

29.2

37.2

32.6

16.9

26.1

24.7

30.5

17.6

16.9

17.9

19.8

19.6

20.2

19.4

21.0

18.8

16.8

18.1

17.7

18.3

18.6

18.7

17.5

17.1

18.5

16.8

19.6

20.2

11.6

20.3

28.0

35.1

Q

Q

19.3

15.3

16.3

16.8

19.0

Q

Q

Q

18.7

21.0

16.0

14.4

15.9

Q

12.1

13.5

Q

13.0

Q

Q

Q

10.7

15.0

13.9

16.0

18.7

15.6

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

16.4

Q

Q

12.9

15.9

11.0

Q

11.3

13.0

12.3

15.6

13.8

13.5

14.2

14.1

12.6

Q

12.2

12.1

Q

13.5

Q

12.7

11.8

13.3

13.8

12.8

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

13.3

Q

Q

Q

13.0

8.1

8.7

7.8

9.5

8.8

11.4

8.3

9.5

8.0

6.6

8.1

9.7

7.3

7.9

9.3

Q

6.6

8.3

8.3

8.2

9.2

8.6

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

8.5

8.5

Q

Q

8.5

24.1

23.7

24.4

23.1

22.4

24.7

26.6

27.5

28.0

22.7

22.6

20.2

23.8

25.1

21.5

Q

Q

24.7

21.3

27.0

22.6

Q

24.0

21.6

Q

Q

Q

24.7

Q

17.2

17.6

24.9

23.6

25.0

23.1

29.5

30.0

27.9

26.7

28.7

24.3

24.0

24.4

24.3

24.4

24.1

25.5

22.4

24.4

25 1

23.1

26.1

30.1

Q

23.4

30.6

39.0

Q

Q

27.0

19.5

21.1

23.2

26.4

16.7

15.5

17.1

17.7

16.7

19.5

17.2

18.0

16.4

16.5

16.3

15.4

16.6

16.8

16.2

17.8

18.0

16.3

14.9

17.1

19.2

Q

15.6

24.7

Q

Q

Q

17.3

14.8

Q

14.8

17.1

10.3

20.8

12.3

7.9

10.9

12.7

8.3

11.5

14.2

17.6

10.5

18.0

13.0

17.9

23.0

15.8

17.7

5.7

9.3

6.8

9.0

6.4

9.7

11.9

10.4

9.9

20.7

4.9

22.6

29.6

22.1

4.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 81
Table 5.12. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Household Composition, 

1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Household)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000 ...............................

$5,000 to $9,999 ...............................

$10,000 to $14,999 ...........................

$15,000 to $19,999 ...........................

$20,000 to $24,999 ...........................

$25,000 to $34,999 ...........................

$35,000 to $49,999 ...........................

$50,000 to $74,999 ...........................

Below Poverty Line

125 Percent .......................................

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ......

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................

2 ........................................................

3 ........................................................

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part- Year Vehicle ..............................

Onlyl ................................................

Only2 ................................................

Only3 ................................................

Households with Children

Total

0.5

17.1 

13.5 

17.3 

22.8 

20.3 

26.5 

26.2 

29.0 

30.8

16.6 

17.7 

19.0

19.5

14.3 

24.6 

33.5 

45.2

Q

12.3 

20.7 

25.0 

31.2 

34.9 

45.2 

50.5

Age of Oldest Child

Under 

7 

Years

1.1

13.4 

Q 

17.2 

21.5 

19.9 

21.9 

22.9 

27.5 

25.1

15.4 

16.6 

17.4

17.7

12.7 

23.9 

Q 

Q

Q 

11.9 

18.9 

24.8 

29.2 

33.6 

Q 

Q

7 

to 

15 

Years

0.6

Q

12.4 

17.5 

21.8 

20.0 

27.1 

26.6 

27.2 

28.9

16.2 

17.6 

18.6

19.4

15.1 

25.2 

34.2 

Q

Q 

12.3 

21.7 

24.9 

32.6 

35.3 

43.1 

45.3

16 

or 

17 

Years

1.1

Households without Children

Total

0.5

Q 15.7 

17.1 11.7 

16.8 12.8 

27.6 15.5 

21.2 17.6 

30.4 18.5 

29.9 21.6 

38.4 25.2 

42.6 27.1

19.5 12.8 

18.9 12.8 

22.0 13.6

22.2 13.2

14.2 11.7 

23.1 22.1 

34.4 32.7 

45.4 40.8

Q 5.9 

13.0 10.2 

Q 18.6 

26.1 21.7 

29.4 27.1 

35.0 30.9 

47.0 43.8 

56.1 49.4

One AdultAge of Householder

Under 

35 

Years

2.2

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

18.1 

20.6 

14.2 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

11.3

15.7 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

13.0 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

35 

to 

59 

Years

1.3

Q 

9.8 

9.9 

11.8 

12.7 

14.3 

12.9 

18.2 

Q

11.1 

10.3 

10.3

10.8

13.0 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q

11.4 

18.1 

20.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

60 

Years 

or 

Over

1.3

8.4 

7.1 

7.5 

9.0 

10.0 

11.8 

7.3 

Q 

Q

7.0 

7.3 

7.4

7.5

8.5 

Q 

Q 

Q

4.7 

7.2 

13.3 

15.2 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Two or More AdultsAge of Householder

Under 

35 

Years

1.5

Q 

Q 

20.8 

20.7 

28.1 

24.0 

23.3 

26.4 

25.2

Q 

19.7 

24.2

23.2

13.9 

24.7 

26.1 

Q

Q 

12.3 

19.0 

25.9 

29.7 

31.5 

Q 

Q

35 

to 

59 

Years

0.8

Q 

13.2 

22.7 

18.4 

23.8 

23.2 

27.2 

29.7 

31.8

15.9 

19.0 

18.2

18.2

15.4 

24.2 

34.2 

43.2

Q 

12.5 

21.8 

23.9 

28.3 

32.6 

40.8 

48.4

60 

Years 

or 

Over

1.0

Q

14.0 

12.7 

16.1 

14.6 

16.7 

21.4 

18.4 

23.3

13.7 

13.5 

13.0

13.0

9.7 

18.1 

30.7 

Q

4.2 

8.7 

16.4 

17.9 

23.5 

28.2 

Q 

Q

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

42.9 

25.2 

17.8 

18.7 

15.7 

10.6 

10.3 

10.6 

13.7

19.2 

16.5 

13.7

12.9

12.0 

5.0 

13.8 

13.4

47.6 

8.8 

16.3 

6.4 

9.5 

10.7 

14.2 

11.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.' To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households 

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

82 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel 

Efficiency Category, 1994

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency 

Categories

0.4

Fuel Efficiency 

(miles per gallon)

10.9

or

Less

2.7

11

to

12.9

2.5

13

to

15.9

1.3

16

to

18.9

0.9

19

to

21.9

0.7

22

to

24.9

0.7

25

to

25.9

0.7

30

or

More

1.2

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total.................................................... 11.4 5.6 8.8 9.7 10.5 12.0 12.8 13.0 14.7

Census Region and Division

Northeast........................................... 11.3 Q 8.8 8.9 9.7 11.5 12.5 12.4 14.0

New England ................................... 11.1 Q Q Q 10.3 11.8 12.4 Q Q

Middle Atlantic ................................. 11.3 Q Q 8.8 9.4 11.4 12.5 12.6 Q

Midwest ............................................. 11.6 6.2 8.2 9.3 10.3 12.2 13.3 13.6 15.0

East North Central ........................... 11.6 6.1 7.7 9.3 10.5 12.0 13.3 13.3 Q

West North Central .......................... 11.8 Q 9.1 9.5 9.8 12.7 13.3 14.4 Q

South ................................................. 11.7 5.3 8.7 10.1 11.0 12.5 13.1 13.4 15.4

South Atlantic .................................. 12.1 Q 8.7 10.1 11.4 12.3 13.6 13.5 16.0

East South Central .......................... 10.9 Q Q 8.8 9.8 12.5 11.9 13.2 Q

West South Central ......................... 11.6 4.7 Q 10.6 11.2 12.8 12.8 13.5 Q

West .................................................. 10.9 5.2 9.4 9.9 10.4 11.4 11.8 12.3 Q

Mountain ......................................... 10.7 Q Q 10.7 11.1 10.7 11.4 13.5 Q

Pacific.............................................. 10.9 4.6 9.5 9.5 10.1 11.7 12.0 12.0 Q

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 11.1 Q Q 9.2 10.2 12.2 12.3 12.2 Q

Florida ............................................. 11.8 Q Q Q 11.3 12.8 13.4 Q Q

New York .......................................... 11.4 Q Q Q 9.3 11.4 13.4 12.6 Q

Texas ............................................ 11.3 Q Q 10.9 11.1 11.8 Q 12.8 Q

Urban Status

Urban ................................................ 11.4 5.4 9.0 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.5 12.7 14.6

CentralCity ..................................... 10.8 5.6 8.4 8.9 10.1 11.4 11.6 12.3 13.0

Suburban ......................................... 11.7 5.2 9.2 9.7 10.7 12.2 13.0 12.9 15.4

Rural .................................................. 11.6 6.0 8.6 10.2 10.5 12.2 14.0 14.5 Q

Household Size

1 Person ............................................ 10.1 5.0 Q 6.9 8.9 10.5 11.3 12.4 Q

2 Persons .......................................... 10.9 5.0 8.6 8.5 9.7 11.4 12.7 13.0 15.5

3 Persons .......................................... 11.9 5.2 8.8 11.0 11.2 12.1 13.2 13.3 15.2

4 Persons .......................................... 12.0 5.5 9.6 11.4 11.4 13.1 13.1 12.3 Q

5 Persons .......................................... 12.2 Q 8.6 10.5 11.8 12.9 13.7 13.2 Q

6 or More Persons............................. 13.3 Q Q Q Q 13.8 Q 15.3 Q

Household Composition

Households with Children ................. 12.3 6.4 9.2 11.3 11.6 13.2 13.5 13.3 14.5

Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years ............................... 12.1 Q Q 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.2 12.4 Q

7 to 15 Years ................................. 12.3 5.7 9.0 11.7 11.7 13.2 13.9 13.3 14.7

16 or 17 Years............................... 12.5 Q Q 10.5 10.9 13.7 13.0 14.4 Q

Households Without Children ............ 10.8 5.0 8.6 8.6 9.8 11.2 12.4 12.8 14.9

One Adult ........................................ 10.1 5.0 Q 6.9 8.9 10.5 11.3 12.4 Q

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 13.0 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.3 Q

35 to 59 Years ............................ 11.2 Q Q Q 10.5 10.7 12.5 13.3 Q

60 Years or More ....................... 7.6 Q Q 4.0 7.2 8.4 9.7 Q Q

3.9

8.0

17.1

8.5

6.6

8.8

10.3

6.6

8.7

18.2

11.9

9.7

14.4

13.2

17.9

7.8

13.9

12.9

4.8 

8.1 

5.6 

6.7

12.3

6.5

7.9

9.3

11.9

16.3

5.7

11.5

7.9

10.8

5.4

12.3

22.7

17.7

15.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 83
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel 

Efficiency Category, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency 

Categories

0.4

10.9

or

Less

2.7

Fuel Efficiency 

(miles per gallon)

11

to

12.9

2.5

13

to

15.9

1.3

16

to

18.9

0.9

19

to

21.9

0.7

22

to

24.9

0.7

25

to

25.9

0.7

30

or

More

1.2

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Composition

Two or More Adults ......................... 11.0 5.1 8.7 9.0 10.0 11.4 12.7 12.9 15.2 5.9

Age of Householder 

Under35Years ........................... 12.7 Q Q Q 10.9 12.3 13.0 14.2 Q 15.7

35 to 59 Years ............................. 11.6 6.5 10.4 9.4 10.9 11.7 13.2 13.0 15.3 7.8

60 Years or More ........................ 9.3 3.1 7.0 7.9 8.3 10.5 11.8 11.0 Q 9.8

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 11.5 5.6 8.8 9.7 10.5 12.1 12.9 13.1 14.9 4.1

Black ................................................. 11.2 Q Q Q 10.2 11.6 12.1 13.6 Q 15.2

Other ................................................. 10.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.1 Q 16.9

Hispanic Descent

Yes.... ................................... 11.4 Q Q Q 10.3 11.9 12.0 Q Q 18.4

No...................................................... 11.4 5.5 8.9 9.6 10.5 12.0 12.9 13.0 14.8 4.0

1993 family Income

Less than $5,000............................... 11.5 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 22.4

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 9.9 Q Q 7.7 9.3 Q Q Q Q 22.4

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 10.2 5.3 Q 7.4 9.3 11.5 11.3 13.2 Q 13.9

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 10.7 Q Q 9.0 9.5 11.4 12.0 12.2 Q 14.4

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 11.0 Q 8.2 8.7 11.0 10.9 11.9 13.5 Q 14.7

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 11.9 4.7 10.8 10.6 10.8 12.6 12.5 14.2 Q 8.8

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 11.6 4.5 9.4 10.7 10.4 11.8 13.1 12.8 14.9 7.6

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 11.8 Q 6.4 9.3 11.2 12.7 13.6 13.2 14.1 8.4

$75,000 orMore ................................ 12.3 Q Q 11.4 10.8 12.8 13.9 12.7 Q 10.7

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent .............................. 10.7 Q Q 8.8 10.2 10.9 12.0 Q Q 18.6

125 Percent....................................... 10.9 Q 8.3 9.2 10.3 11.3 12.2 12.6 Q 12.3

150 Percent ....................................... 11.1 7.1 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.6 12.3 12.9 Q 11.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance 1 ...... 10.9 6.6 8.4 8.9 10.2 11.4 12.1 12.8 15.5 10.4

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 .... ................................. 10.3 5.2 8.1 7.2 8.9 11.2 11.4 13.0 Q 9.3

2 ............................ 11.6 5.4 8.9 10.2 10.8 12.2 13.2 12.9 15.1 5.0

3 . ......... 12.0 Q 10.7 11.1 10.9 12.3 13.1 12.8 15.2 10.0

4 or More ........................................... 12.8 Q Q Q 12.4 12.4 14.1 14.6 Q 15.8

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ................................... 9.6QQQQQQQQ 56.2

18 to 22 Years ................................... 12.9 Q Q Q Q Q 12.1 14.7 Q 16.6

23 to 29 Years ................................... 13.3 Q Q Q 8.4 14.5 13.6 16.7 Q 12.5

30 to 39 Years ................................... 12.2 6.1 8.6 11.7 11.2 12.6 13.9 13.2 16.1 8.1

40 to 49 Years ................................... 12.4 3.8 9.6 10.8 11.5 13.6 13.8 13.4 Q 7.6

50 to 59 Years ................................... 11.6 6.1 10.4 8.6 9.8 12.0 15.3 13.8 Q 11.0

601069 Years ................................... 9.3 3.7 4.5 10.0 8.4 10.7 11.5 10.7 Q 12.4

70 to 79 Years ................................... 7.9 2.7 Q 4.9 7.4 9.8 9.1 11.8 Q 13.4

80 Years and Over ............................ 6.1 Q Q 2.9 Q Q Q Q Q 26.7

Don't Know ........................................ 11.5 Q 9.0 10.6 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.3 Q 10.5

See footnotes at end of table.

84 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel 

Efficiency Category, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency 

Categories

0.4

Fuel Efficiency 

(miles per gallon)

10.9

or

Less

2.7

11

to

12.9

2.5

13

to

15.9

1.3

16 

to 

18.9

0.9

19

to

21.9

0.7

22

to

24.9

0.7

25

to

25.9

0.7

30

or

More

1.2

RSE

Row

Factor:

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 11.7 Q 6.2 8.0 9.6 11.5 13.2 13.7 16.3

Male .................................................. 11.1 4.7 9.4 9.7 10.2 13.0 13.4 13.4 15.6

Don't Know ........................................ 11.5 Q 9.0 10.6 11.4 11.7 12.2 12.3 Q

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Only 

Part-Year 

1 ................................................ 

Vehicle .............................. 

10.7 

Q 

Q 

QQQQQQQQ

Q 6.9 9.5 11.4 11.8 12.7 Q

Between 1 and 2 ............................... 12.6 Q Q 11.9 11.0 13.7 14.1 13.3 Q

Only2 ................................................ 11.6 6.0 8.9 10.2 10.6 11.9 12.9 12.7 14.6

Between 2 and 3 ............................... 12.0 Q 8.2 10.3 11.7 12.4 13.8 14.8 Q

Only3 ................................................ 10.9 5.2 9.4 9.8 9.4 12.1 12.9 12.5 Q

Between 3 and 4 ............................... 12.7 Q Q Q 14.2 12.1 13.5 Q Q

4orMore ........................................... 11.4 Q Q 10.0 10.3 12.4 12.7 14.6 Q

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

1994to 1995 ..................................... 14.3 Q Q 12.0 13.3 14.2 15.8 15.1 Q

1993 .................................................. 13.7 Q Q 11.4 12.5 13.8 14.5 14.7 Q

1992 .................................................. 13.1 Q Q Q 12.3 12.8 14.5 13.7 Q

198910 1991 ..................................... 12.4 Q 11.6 10.6 11.0 12.2 13.3 13.3 Q

198610 1988 ..................................... 11.3 Q 5.4 9.4 9.0 11.6 12.0 12.4 15.1

198310 1985 ..................................... 10.6 Q 5.9 8.7 9.8 11.6 10.5 12.5 Q

1980101982 ..................................... 9.8 Q Q 8.4 10.1 10.0 Q Q Q

1977(0 1979 ..................................... 9.3 4.2 9.8 10.7 Q Q Q Q Q

1976 or Earlier................................... 8.2 6.5 10.5 8.2 Q Q Q Q Q

Type of Vehicle

PassengerCar .................................. 11.3 4.9 7.4 7.2 8.6 11.2 12.7 12.9 14.8

Minivan .............................................. 13.4 Q Q Q 11.2 15.2 Q Q Q

Sport Utility ........................................ 12.7 4.1 Q 12.5 13.5 15.8 Q Q Q

Large Van .......................................... 11.7 Q Q 12.5 Q Q Q Q Q

Pickup Truck ..................................... 11.1 5.6 9.8 11.1 12.5 12.1 13.1 15.0 Q

Other ................................................. Q QQQQQQQQ

Engine Size (liters)

2.49orLess ...................................... 11.7 Q Q 2.8 6.2 9.3 11.3 12.9 14.7

2.50 to 3.49 ....................................... 12.1 Q Q 5.1 9.7 12.3 14.5 Q Q

3.50to4.49 ....................................... 11.7 Q 4.9 8.1 11.4 12.9 17.0 Q Q

4.50 or Greater .................................. 10.5 5.8 9.6 11.1 11.3 14.3 Q Q Q

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................ 11.6 Q Q 3.3 6.8 9.2 11.3 13.0 14.8

6 ........................................................ 12.1 3.6 6.5 7.7 11.2 12.7 15.5 Q Q

8 ........................................................ 10.5 5.9 9.4 11.2 10.8 14.1 Q Q Q

Other ................................................. 10.6 QQQQQQQQ

6.3

5.4

10.4

100.0

9.9

14.8

6.5

10.2

9.0

18.1

12.0

12.1

12.1

10.2

7.3

8.7

10.4

17.6

10.7

12.2

5.3

7.1

9.9

11.7

8.1

100.0

7.2 

7.4 

9.4 

5.5

6.7

6.9

5.6

51.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 85
Table 5.13. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle Fuel 

Efficiency Category, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All FuelEfficiency 

Categories

0.4

Fuel Efficiency 

(miles per gallon)

10.9

or

Less

2.7

11

to

12.9

2.5

13

to

15.9

1.3

16

to

18.9

0.9

19

to

21.9

0.7

22

to

24.9

0.7

25

to

25.9

0.7

30

or

More

1.2

RSE

Row

Factor:

Type of Transmission

Automatic .......................................... 11.4 5.6 8.7 9.8 10.5 12.2 13.1 13.0 Q

Manual Shift ...................................... 11.6 5.5 9.2 9.3 10.2 11.3 11.7 13.0 14.6

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ...................................... 11.9 Q Q 6.0 7.9 11.3 12.8 12.9 14.4

Rear-Wheel ....................................... 10.8 5.9 8.7 9.8 10.4 12.7 12.9 13.2 Q

4-Wheel ............................................. 11.9 4.5 10.0 12.2 13.1 13.1 Q Q Q

Type of Fuel System

Carburetor ......................................... 10.5 5.4 9.3 9.5 10.3 11.5 11.8 12.3 14.2

Fuel Injection ..................................... 12.4 Q 6.3 9.9 10.7 12.4 13.3 13.6 15.6

Diesel Engine .................................... 11.5 QQQQQQQQ

Type of Fuel Purchased

Motor Gasoline .................................. 11.4 5.5 8.7 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.8 13.0 14.8

Unleaded ......................................... 11.5 5.4 8.7 9.5 10.5 12.0 12.8 13.0 14.8

Regular Grade............................... 11.5 5.6 9.1 9.7 10.5 11.9 12.8 13.0 15.1

Intermediate Grade ....................... 11.5 Q 6.6 8.6 11.3 12.1 12.7 13.1 Q

Premium Grade ............................. 11.2 4.6 8.7 9.6 10.0 12.3 12.7 12.9 Q

Gasohol 

Diesel 

Leaded 

Fuel 

............................................. 

............................................ 

........................................ 

11.7 

12.0 

Q QQQQQQQQ

QQQQQQQQ

QQQQQQQQ

Type of Primary Service

Full-Service Pumps ........................... 9.9 Q Q 7.0 8.8 10.2 11.9 11.8 Q

Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 11.6 5.5 9.2 10.0 10.7 12.2 12.9 13.1 14.8

Both 

Bulk Sales/Other 

Equally ...................................... 

............................... 

10.3 

Q 

QQQQQQQQ

QQQQQQQQ

Vehicle Use for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes .................................................... 12.3 6.6 10.0 10.9 11.4 12.6 13.4 13.4 15.1

No ...................................................... 10.0 4.8 7.8 8.2 9.3 11.1 11.8 12.1 13.9

4.4 

8.6

5.4 

6.6 

7.0

6.2

5.1

28.8

4.1

4.1

5.0

9.0

9.2

100.0

26.7

31.6

16.4

4.2

36.3

Q

4.6 

7.0

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.- To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households 

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

86 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.5

Sedan

0.5

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

1.2

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

1.9

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

3.9 RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 90.6 54.7 51.3 3.4 5.5 7.4 2.9 19.6 0.4

Census Region and Division

Northeast........................................... 14.5 9.7 8.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 Q 2.3 Q

New England ................................... 4.1 2.5 2.2 0.3 Q 0.4 Q 0.9 Q

Middle Atlantic ................................. 10.4 7.2 6.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 Q 1.5 Q

Midwest ............................................. 23.8 15.1 14.3 0.8 1.8 1.0 1.2 4.8 Q

East North Central ........................... 16.7 10.5 10.0 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.0 3.2 Q

West North Central .......................... 7.2 4.6 4.3 0.3 0.4 Q Q 1.6 Q

South ................................................. 33.5 19.5 18.6 0.9 1.9 3.0 0.9 8.0 Q

South Atlantic .................................. 17.1 10.5 9.9 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.4 3.4 Q

East South Central .......................... 6.3 3.6 3.5 Q 0.3 0.4 Q 1.7 Q

West South Central ......................... 10.1 5.4 5.2 Q 0.6 0.9 Q 2.8 Q

West .................................................. 18.8 10.4 9.7 0.7 1.0 2.0 0.5 4.6 Q

Mountain ......................................... 5.9 2.7 2.5 Q Q 0.7 Q 1.7 Q

Pacific.............................................. 12.9 7.7 7.2 0.5 0.7 1.3 Q 2.9 Q

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 9.5 5.7 5.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 Q 2.1 Q

Florida ............................................. 5.1 3.2 2.9 Q 0.3 0.6 Q 0.9 Q

New York .......................................... 4.3 3.1 2.7 0.3 Q Q Q 0.5 Q

Texas ............................................ 6.6 3.6 3.4 Q Q 0.7 Q 1.7 Q

Urban Status

Urban ................................................ 67.5 42.6 39.8 2.8 4.4 5.8 2.3 12.1 Q

Central City ..................................... 21.4 14.1 13.1 0.9 1.3 1.7 0.8 3.3 Q

Suburban ......................................... 46.1 28.5 26.6 1.9 3.1 4.1 1.5 8.8 Q

Rural.................................................. 23.1 12.1 11.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 0.5 7.5 Q

Household Size

1 Person ............................................ 9.6 7.1 6.7 0.3 Q 0.5 Q 1.6 Q

2 Persons .......................................... 30.6 19.5 18.7 0.9 0.8 2.2 0.7 7.1 Q

3 Persons .......................................... 18.9 11.4 10.5 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.5 4.2 Q

4 Persons .......................................... 18.1 9.5 8.8 0.6 1.9 1.7 0.8 4.3 Q

5 Persons .......................................... 9.1 4.8 4.2 0.5 1.3 1.0 Q 1.5 Q

6 or More Persons............................. 4.2 2.5 2.3 Q 0.5 Q Q 0.8 Q

Household Composition

Households with Children ................. 40.4 22.1 20.3 1.8 4.3 3.8 1.5 8.5 Q

Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years ............................... 10.3 6.0 5.5 0.4 0.8 1.2 Q 2.2 Q

7 to 15 Years ................................. 20.5 10.5 9.5 1.0 2.7 2.0 0.9 4.3 Q

16 or 17 Years............................... 9.6 5.7 5.3 0.4 0.8 0.6 Q 2.1 Q

Households Without Children ............ 50.2 32.6 31.0 1.6 1.2 3.6 1.4 11.1 Q

OneAdult ........................................ 9.6 7.1 6.7 0.3 Q 0.5 Q 1.6 Q

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 2.4 1.6 1.6 Q Q Q Q 0.5 Q

35 to 59 Years ............................. 4.1 2.8 2.6 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q

60 Years or More ........................ 3.0 2.6 2.5 Q Q Q Q 0.3 Q

8.0

16.2

29.7

18.5

13.4

16.7

20.1

13.0

16.0

12.3

31.9

17.8

24.7

23.4

28.8

18.8

23.8

31.3

9.2

18.8

11.6

15.0

21.7

12.9

17.1

18.1

25.9

42.8

12.0

22.5

15.7

26.2

10.6

21.7

40.5

32.5

27.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 87
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.5

Sedan

0.5

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

1.2

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

1.9

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

3.9 RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Composition

Two or More Adults ......................... 40.6 25.5 24.2 1.3 1.1 3.2 1.1 9.5 Q 11.7

Age of Householder 

Under35 Years ........................... 8.1 5.4 5.2 Q Q 0.9 Q 1.5 Q 30.2

35 to 59 Years ............................. 20.2 11.8 11.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 Q 5.5 Q 18.1

60 Years or More ........................ 12.4 8.3 8.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.5 Q 20.8

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 80.5 47.5 44.4 3.1 5.1 6.8 2.4 18.3 0.4 8.3

Black ................................................. 6.3 4.8 4.6 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 38.8

Other ................................................. 3.7 2.5 2.3 Q Q Q Q 0.6 Q 48.4

Hispanic Descent

Yes .................................................... 6.2 3.6 3.3 Q 0.3 0.6 Q 1.4 Q 33.4

No...................................................... 84.4 51.1 47.9 3.2 5.2 6.9 2.5 18.2 0.4 8.4

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000............................... 1.7 1.3 1.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q 49.9

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 4.0 2.9 2.7 Q Q Q Q 0.8 Q 38.8

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 6.6 4.6 4.3 0.3 Q Q Q 1.3 Q 24.8

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 8.0 5.3 5.0 0.3 Q 0.5 Q 1.8 Q 27.3

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 8.0 4.8 4.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 Q 1.9 Q 26.1

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 14.7 8.6 7.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.4 3.6 Q 18.4

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 19.5 10.8 10.2 0.6 1.5 1.8 0.7 4.8 Q 15.5

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 16.2 9.4 8.9 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.4 3.2 Q 18.0

$75,000 or More ................................ 11.9 7.0 6.6 0.4 0.7 1.4 Q 2.0 Q 23.6

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent ....................................... 6.9 4.9 4.6 0.3 Q Q Q 1.2 Q 30.9

125 Percent ....................................... 10.3 7.0 6.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Q 2.0 Q 27.5

150 Percent ....................................... 14.7 9.9 9.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 3.0 Q 24.7

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 17.9 12.1 11.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 3.6 Q 22.9

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................ 16.5 11.9 11.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.8 Q 19.3

2 ........................................................ 54.3 30.9 29.1 1.9 4.1 5.4 1.4 12.3 Q 9.5

3 ......................!................................. 13.4 7.7 7.1 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 3.1 Q 22.8

4 or More ........................................... 6.0 3.8 3.6 Q Q Q Q 1.4 Q 35.6

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q 76.8

18to22 Years ................................... 2.5 1.9 1.8 Q Q Q Q 0.5 Q 40.1

23 to 29 Years ................................... 5.1 3.1 2.9 Q Q 0.5 Q 1.1 Q 25.5

30 to 39 Years ................................... 14.0 7.3 6.5 0.8 1.5 1.6 Q 3.1 Q 15.7

40 to 49 Years ................................... 14.0 7.4 6.9 0.5 1.3 1.6 0.8 3.0 Q 15.4

50 to 59 Years ................................... 9.0 5.3 4.9 Q 0.4 0.4 Q 2.5 Q 22.4

601069 Years ............................... 5.3 3.3 3.2 Q Q Q Q 1.2 Q 24.9

70 to 79 Years ................................... 3.7 2.7 2.6 Q Q Q Q 0.5 Q 27.5

80 Years and Over ............................ 0.9 0.6 0.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q 36.6

Don't Know........................................ 35.6 22.7 21.4 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.1 7.5 Q 21.0

See footnotes at end of table.

88 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.5

Sedan

0.5

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

1.2

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

1.9

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

3.9 RSE

Row

Factor:

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 23.5 17.0 16.0 1.1 2.9 1.8 0.6 1.2 Q

Male .................................................. 31.5 15.0 14.0 1.1 1.1 3.0 1.2 10.9 Q

Don't Know ........................................ 35.6 22.6 21.3 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.1 7.5 Q

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 0.7 0.6 0.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Only 1 ................................................ 14.8 11.2 10.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 Q 1.9 Q

Between 1 and 2 ............................... 5.4 3.4 3.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 Q 1.0 Q

Only2 ................................................ 32.9 18.8 17.6 1.2 2.5 3.2 1.2 7.2 Q

Between 2 and 3 ............................... 8.5 4.7 4.5 0.2 0.6 1.1 Q 1.9 Q

Only 3 ................................................ 14.5 8.0 7.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 4.0 Q

Between 3 and 4 ............................... 4.9 2.9 2.7 Q Q 0.4 Q 1.3 Q

4 or More ........................................... 8.7 5.1 4.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 Q 2.2 Q

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

199410 1995 ..................................... 5.0 2.4 2.3 Q 0.7 0.6 Q 1.3 Q

1993 .................................................. 6.6 3.8 3.5 0.3 0.8 0.8 Q 1.1 Q

1992 .................................................. 6.9 4.3 4.1 Q 0.7 0.8 Q 1.1 Q

198910 1991 ..................................... 20.7 11.8 11.4 0.4 2.0 2.1 0.7 4.0 Q

1986101988 ..................................... 19.0 12.4 11.7 0.8 1.1 1.6 Q 3.3 Q

1983 to 1985 ..................................... 13.3 8.7 7.7 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.7 2.8 Q

198010 1982 ..................................... 5.6 4.0 3.6 0.4 Q Q Q 1.1 Q

197710 1979 ..................................... 6.3 3.6 3.4 Q Q Q Q 2.2 Q

1976 or Earlier................................... 7.2 3.8 3.6 Q Q Q Q 2.6 Q

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

10.9orLess ...................................... 4.1 1.0 0.9 Q Q 0.3 Q 1.9 0.4

11 to 12.9 .......................................... 6.5 2.3 2.1 Q Q 0.9 Q 2.9 Q

1310 15.9 .......................................... 12.6 3.8 3.6 Q Q 1.5 1.5 5.7 Q

161018.9 .......................................... 15.9 6.8 6.2 0.5 1.7 3.2 Q 3.8 Q

191021.9 .......................................... 20.8 13.2 12.5 0.7 3.3 1.3 Q 2.9 Q

221024.9 .......................................... 15.5 13.3 12.4 0.9 0.4 Q Q 1.7 Q

251029.9 .......................................... 12.0 11.3 10.6 0.7 Q Q Q 0.7 Q

30 or More ......................................... 3.2 3.1 2.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Engine Size (liters)

2.49orLess ...................................... 27.4 22.9 21.2 1.7 0.7 0.4 Q 3.4 Q

2.50103.49 ....................................... 17.5 10.4 9.8 0.6 3.3 1.6 Q 2.0 Q

3.50104.49 ....................................... 15.1 8.1 7.8 0.4 1.5 3.1 Q 2.0 Q

4.50 or Greater.................................. 30.6 13.2 12.5 0.7 Q 2.3 2.5 12.1 0.4

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................ 28.3 22.8 21.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 Q 3.8 Q

6 ........................................................ 32.3 17.4 16.4 1.0 4.4 4.6 0.6 5.3 Q

8 ........................................................ 29.4 14.0 13.3 0.7 Q 2.2 2.3 10.5 0.4

Other ................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 Q Q Q Q Q Q

11.7

11.9

20.9

102.4

19.0

32.1

12.7

22.2

21.2

37.4

27.3

25.3

22.0

21.5

14.5

15.1

19.7

29.8

38.0

34.9

25.7

34.8

20.9

16.0

15.2

17.2

16.1

33.0

14.8

13.5

18.2

14.5

12.9

12.4

14.4

60.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 89
Table 5.14. U.S. Vehicle Fuel Consumption by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Billion Gallons)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Transmission

Manual Shift ......................................

Type of Drive

4-Wheel .............................................

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Unleaded .........................................

Type of Primary Service

Bulk Sales/Other ...............................

Vehicle Use for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

All 

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.5

69.8 45.0 

20.7 9.7

38.1 32.7 

39.7 21.2 

12.7 0.9

43.9 25.7 

45.3 28.6 

1.4 0.4

88.3 53.8 

87.0 53.1 

59.9 35.7 

11.7 7.2 

15.4 10.2 

1.2 Q 

0.9 0.6 

1.2 0.3

6.8 5.0 

82.0 48.7 

1.6 1.0 

Q Q

58.2 34.7 

32.4 20.0

Sedan

0.5

42.4 

8.9

30.9 

19.8 

0.5

23.4 

27.4 

0.4

50.4 

49.7 

33.4 

6.7 

9.7 

Q 

0.6 

0.3

4.7 

45.6 

0.9 

Q

32.4 

18.9

Station 

Wagon

1.4

2.6 

0.8

1.8 

1.3 

0.3

2.3 

1.2 

Q

3.4 

3.4 

2.4 

0.5 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.3 

3.0 

Q 

Q

2.3 

1.2

Minivan

1.2

5.1 

0.4

3.4 

1.6 

Q

0.9 

4.7 

Q

5.5 

5.5 

3.9 

0.7 

0.8 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.4 

5.1 

Q 

Q

3.5 

2.0

Sport 

Utility

1.2

5.8 

1.7

Q

1.6 

5.4

2.7 

4.7 

Q

7.3 

7.3 

4.7 

1.3 

1.4 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.5 

6.7 

Q 

Q

5.4 

2.1

Large 

Van

1.9

2.7 

Q

Q 

2.7 

Q

2.1 

0.8 

Q

2.9 

2.9 

2.1 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

2.7 

Q 

Q

1.6 

1.2

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

10.8 

8.8

1.4 

12.3 

5.9

12.3 

6.4 

0.9

18.4 

17.9 

13.2 

2.1 

2.6 

Q 

Q 

0.9

0.8 

18.4 

Q 

Q

13.0 

6.6

Other

3.9

0.4 

Q

Q 

0.3 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

0.4 

0.4 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

0.4 

Q 

Q

Q 

0.4

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

8.9 

16.7

10.6 

12.9 

24.5

13.0 

10.4 

54.8

8.1 

8.1 

9.3 

18.7 

18.4 

97.7 

63.8 

59.3

35.2 

8.4 

62.3

Q

9.5 

12.6

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includes members under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.1 To obtain the RSE 

percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for 

households with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

90 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle 

Type, 1994

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.3

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

Sedan

0.4

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

0.9

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

2.4

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

5.4

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 11.4 11.3 11.2 12.1 13.4 12.7 11.7 11.1 7.1

Census Region and Division

Northeast........................................... 11.3 11.0 10.9 12.2 12.5 12.5 Q 11.4 Q

New England ................................... 11.1 10.5 10.4 11.1 Q 12.0 Q 12.3 Q

Middle Atlantic ................................. 11.3 11.2 11.1 12.9 12.5 12.7 Q 10.9 Q

Midwest ............................................. 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 14.0 11.0 13.1 10.8 Q

East North Central........................... 11.6 11.5 11.5 10.8 13.9 10.7 13.1 10.9 Q

West North Central .......................... 11.8 12.0 11.9 13.0 14.5 Q Q 10.6 Q

South ................................................. 11.7 11.4 11.4 12.5 13.8 14.7 11.4 11.4 Q

South Atlantic .................................. 12.1 11.9 11.8 13.6 12.7 15.0 10.6 12.1 Q

East South Central .......................... 10.9 10.7 10.7 Q 14.4 13.9 Q 10.2 Q

West South Central ......................... 11.6 11.0 11.0 Q 15.6 14.6 Q 11.4 Q

West .................................................. 10.9 10.8 10.7 12.0 12.6 11.3 9.4 10.8 Q

Mountain ......................................... 10.7 10.5 10.3 Q Q 11.0 Q 10.7 Q

Pacific.............................................. 10.9 10.9 10.9 11.6 12.4 11.5 Q 10.9 Q

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 11.1 11.1 11.0 13.0 12.6 11.2 Q 11.5 Q

Florida ............................................. 11.8 11.0 10.9 Q 12.2 15.5 Q 13.8 Q

NewYork ......................................... 11.4 11.4 11.2 13.4 Q Q Q 10.7 Q

Texas ........................................... 11.3 10.6 10.7 Q Q 14.6 Q 11.0 Q

Urban Status

Urban ............................................... 11.4 11.2 11.1 12.3 13.2 12.5 11.5 11.2 Q

CentralCity ..................................... 10.8 10.7 10.6 11.7 12.1 12.4 10.7 10.5 Q

Suburban ......................................... 11.7 11.5 11.4 12.6 13.7 12.6 12.0 11.5 Q

Rural .................................................. 11.6 11.5 11.6 11.1 14.3 13.3 12.3 10.9 Q

Household Size

1 Person ............................................ 10.1 9.9 10.0 9.5 Q 12.0 Q 10.6 Q

2 Persons .......................................... 10.9 10.8 10.7 12.7 12.8 12.4 10.1 10.7 Q

3 Persons .......................................... 11.9 12.0 11.9 12.5 13.0 13.8 12.5 11.0 Q

4 Persons .......................................... 12.0 11.6 11.7 11.0 14.0 12.3 11.5 12.5 Q

5 Persons .......................................... 12.2 12.2 11.9 14.6 13.4 12.0 14.4 11.2 Q

6 or More Persons............................. 13.3 14.1 14.3 Q 14.4 Q Q 10.1 Q

Household Composition

Households with Children ................. 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.7 13.8 12.7 12.5 11.6 Q

Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years ............................... 12.1 12.0 12.0 12.2 12.7 12.7 Q 12.0 Q

7 to 15 Years ................................. 12.3 12.1 12.1 12.9 14.4 13.0 12.3 11.4 Q

16 or 17 Years ............................... 12.5 12.8 12.7 12.9 13.3 11.8 Q 11.5 Q

Households Without Children ............ 10.8 10.7 10.6 11.5 12.1 12.7 10.8 10.8 Q

One Adult ........................................ 10.1 9.9 10.0 9.5 Q 12.0 Q 10.6 Q

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 13.0 13.2 13.2 Q Q Q Q 11.5 Q

35to59 Years ............................. 11.2 11.2 11.2 Q Q Q Q 12.0 Q

60 Years or More ........................ 7.6 7.6 7.6 Q Q Q Q 7.7 Q

4.2

8.1 

10.3

10.0 

6.2 

7.1 

9.5 

7.5

10.1

20.9

14.1

11.0

19.4

12.6

15.3

13.3

11.6

11.7

4.7 

9.3 

5.6 

7.6

16.2

7.9

9.0

9.7

13.0

18.8

6.1

12.2

8.4

12.9

6.2

16.2

25.8

17.7

18.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 91
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle 

Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.3

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

Sedan

0.4

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

0.9

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

2.4

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

5.4

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Composition

Two or More Adults ......................... 11.0 10.9 10.9 12.2 12.5 12.8 10.8 10.8 Q 6.5

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 12.7 12.5 12.5 Q Q 13.1 Q 12.6 Q 17.8

35 to 59 Years ............................. 11.6 11.5 11.5 11.4 12.7 12.6 11.9 11.5 Q 10.0

60 Years or More ........................ 9.3 9.3 9.2 12.2 11.3 12.7 9.1 8.8 Q 10.7

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 11.5 11.3 11.3 12.1 13.6 12.5 12.1 11.2 7.1 4.3

Black ................................................. 11.2 11.1 11.1 Q Q Q Q 10.7 Q 18.5

Other ................................................. 10.9 11.0 10.8 Q Q Q Q 10.0 Q 24.3

Hispanic Descent

Yes .................................................... 11.4 11.4 11.2 Q 11.5 12.4 Q 11.1 Q 19.2

No...................................................... 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.9 13.5 12.7 11.7 11.1 7.3 4.3

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000............................... 11.5 11.7 11.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.1

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 9.9 9.8 9.7 Q Q Q Q 9.5 Q 29.9

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.8 Q Q Q 9.6 Q 13.1

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 10.7 10.6 10.6 11.1 Q 10.8 Q 11.0 Q 16.8

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 11.0 11.1 11.0 12.4 12.7 11.1 Q 10.6 Q 17.1

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 11.9 11.9 11.8 12.2 14.9 12.8 11.7 11.4 Q 9.5

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 11.6 11.3 11.3 12.3 13.8 12.5 12.6 11.3 Q 7.9

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 11.8 11.7 11.7 13.0 13.0 13.9 10.4 11.0 Q 8.9

$75,000 or More ................................ 12.3 11.8 11.8 12.5 13.5 13.2 Q 13.3 Q 11.9

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent ....................................... 10.7 10.8 10.8 11.9 Q Q Q 9.5 Q 18.7

125 Percent ....................................... 10.9 11.0 11.0 11.4 12.5 10.7 Q 9.9 Q 14.5

150 Percent ....................................... 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.5 13.1 10.5 11.2 10.3 Q 13.0

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 10.9 11.1 11.0 11.7 12.6 10.0 11.2 10.2 Q 12.4

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 ........................................................ 10.3 10.2 10.2 10.6 10.8 11.8 10.8 10.3 Q 13.1

2 ........................................................ 11.6 11.4 11.3 12.5 13.8 12.9 10.7 11.2 Q 5.1

3 ........................................................ 12.0 12.0 11.9 13.3 14.9 12.8 15.4 10.7 Q 10.8

4 or More ........................................... 12.8 12.9 12.9 Q Q 11.3 Q 13.6 Q 16.4

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ................................... 9.6 10.1 10.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q 64.0

18 to 22 Years ................................... 12.9 12.8 12.9 Q Q Q Q 14.0 Q 17.0

23 to 29 Years ................................... 13.3 13.0 13.0 Q Q 15.9 Q 12.8 Q 13.5

30 to 39 Years ................................... 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.4 Q 11.6 Q 8.4

40 to 49 Years ................................... 12.4 12.2 12.1 12.8 15.6 12.7 13.6 11.6 Q 8.4

50 to 59 Years ................................... 11.6 11.9 11.7 Q 12.4 11.7 Q 11.1 Q 12.1

60 to 69 Years ................................... 9.3 9.1 9.1 Q Q Q Q 9.1 Q 14.1

70 to 79 Years ................................... 7.9 B.2 8.0 Q Q Q Q 6.0 Q 17.1

80 Years and Over ............................ 6.1 5.4 5.4 Q Q Q Q Q Q 32.6

Don't Know........................................ 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.7 12.8 12.9 11.8 11.4 Q 11.5

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle 

Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.3

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

Sedan

0.4

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

0.9

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

2.4

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

5.4

RSE

Row

Factor:

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 11.7 11.2 11.2 12.2 14.1 14.0 15.4 11.0 Q

Male .................................................. 11.1 11.1 11.0 12.5 12.7 11.8 10.3 10.9 Q

Don't Know ........................................ 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.7 12.8 12.9 11.8 11.4 Q

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 10.9 10.9 11.0 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Only 1 ................................................ 10.7 10.5 10.4 11.3 12.5 12.6 Q 11.7 Q

Between 1 and 2 ............................... 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.8 15.6 12.4 Q 12.7 Q

Only2 ................................................ 11.6 11.3 11.3 11.9 13.7 12.9 13.3 11.0 Q

Between 2 and 3 ............................... 12.0 11.9 11.7 14.5 14.3 14.7 Q 11.1 Q

Only3 ................................................ 10.9 10.8 10.7 13.1 13.9 12.2 10.5 10.4 Q

Between 3 and 4 ............................... 12.7 12.5 12.5 Q Q 12.6 Q 13.7 Q

4orMore ........................................... 11.4 12.0 12.1 10.9 11.3 10.1 Q 10.3 Q

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

199410 1995 ..................................... 14.3 13.9 13.8 Q 16.3 13.2 Q 14.8 Q

1993 .................................................. 13.7 13.3 13.4 13.0 16.0 14.1 Q 13.9 Q

1992 ................................................. 13.1 13.0 12.8 Q 15.9 13.6 Q 12.5 Q

198910 1991 ..................................... 12.4 11.8 11.8 12.6 13.2 14.6 16.0 13.3 Q

198610 1988 .................................... 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.7 11.2 13.0 11.0 11.2 Q

1983to 1985 ..................................... 10.6 10.5 10.4 11.8 10.0 10.9 11.8 10.6 Q

198010 1982 ..................................... 9.8 10.1 10.0 11.9 Q Q Q 8.8 Q

197710 1979 ..................................... 9.3 9.6 9.7 Q Q Q Q 8.9 Q

1976 or Earlier................................... 8.2 8.3 8.1 Q Q Q Q 8.4 Q

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

10.9 or Less ...................................... 5.6 4.9 4.8 Q Q 4.1 Q 5.6 7.1

11 to 12.9 .......................................... 8.8 7.4 7.1 Q Q 11.0 Q 9.8 Q

13 to 15.9 .......................................... 9.7 7.2 7.3 Q Q 12.5 12.5 11.1 Q

16tO 18.9 .......................................... 10.5 8.6 8.4 11.8 11.2 13.5 Q 12.5 Q

191021.9 .......................................... 12.0 11.2 11.1 12.6 15.2 15.8 Q 12.1 Q

221024.9 .......................................... 12.8 12.7 12.8 12.0 15.8 Q Q 13.1 Q

251029.9 .......................................... 13.0 12.9 12.9 13.6 Q Q Q 15.0 Q

SOorMore ......................................... 14.7 14.8 14.8 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Engine Size (liters)

2.49orLess ...................................... 11.7 11.7 11.6 12.2 11.6 13.3 Q 11.5 Q

2.50to3.49 ....................................... 12.1 11.6 11.6 12.3 13.9 12.5 Q 11.7 Q

3.50104.49 ....................................... 11.7 11.1 11.2 10.7 13.3 13.4 Q 11.6 Q

4.50 or Greater.................................. 10.5 10.1 10.0 12.3 Q 11.6 11.7 10.7 6.8

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................ 11.6 11.6 11.5 12.2 11.8 11.9 Q 11.5 Q

6 ........................................................ 12.1 11.6 11.6 12.3 13.9 13.1 11.3 11.6 Q

8 ........................................................ 10.5 10.1 10.1 11.2 Q 11.9 11.8 10.6 6.7 Other ................................................. 10.6 10.6 10.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q

6.4

6.3

11.5

80.4

12.0

17.3

6.8

12.3

11.9

22.2

14.1

12.6

11.4

11.5

7.2

9.1

12.2

22.4

31.1

26.5

21.4

27.3

12.1

8.8

7.6

7.0

8.2

12.8

8.6

8.2

11.1

8.2

7.9

7.4

8.4

50.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 93
Table 5.15. U.S. Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled by Vehicle 

Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Thousand Miles per Vehicle)

1993 Household and ... 

1994 Vehicle u hvio

Characteristics T J.I types

RSE Column Factor: 

0.3

Type of Transmission

Manual Shift ...................................... 11.6

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ...................................... 11.9

Rear-Wheel ....................................... 10.8

4-Wheel ............................................. 11.9

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Unleaded ......................................... 11.5

Leaded ............................................ Q

Gasohol ............................................. 11.7

Diesel Fuel ........................................ 12.0

Type of Primary Service

Self or Mini-Service Pumps ............... 11.6 

Both Equally ...................................... 10.3

Bulk Sales/Other ............................... Q

Vehicle Use for Commuting 

to and from Work

Yes .................................................... 12.3

No ...................................................... 10.0

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All Sedan

0.4 0.4

11.1 11.0 

12.0 12.0

11.8 11.7 

10.4 10.4 

11.6 11.4

10.6 10.4 

11.9 11.9 

11.3 11.3

11.3 11.2 

11.3 11.2 

11.5 11.4 

11.2 11.0 

10.8 10.8 

Q Q 

12.3 12.3 

10.4 10.5

9.9 9.9 

11.5 11.4 

10.2 10.1 

Q Q

12.2 12.2 

9.9 9.8

Station 

Wagon

1.4

12.1 

12.0

12.5 

11.5 

11.9

11.8 

12.6 

Q

12.1 

12.1 

12.0 

12.9 

11.8 

Q 

Q 

Q

10.5 

12.3 

Q 

Q

12.8 

10.9

Minivan

0.9

13.5 

12.5

13.7 

12.4 

Q

10.9 

14.0 

Q

13.4 

13.4 

13.4 

13.0 

13.4 

Q 

Q 

Q

10.4 

13.8 

Q 

Q

14.2 

12.2

Sport 

Utility

1.2

13.2 

11.3

Q 

13.4 

12.4

11.0 

13.8 

Q

12.7 

12.8 

12.8 

12.4 

13.0 

Q 

Q 

Q

11.0 

12.8 

Q 

Q

13.1 

11.6

Large 

Van

2.4

11.8 

Q

Q 

11.8 

Q

10.6 

15.0 

Q

11.7 

11.9 

11.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q

11.6 

Q 

Q

13.0 

10.2

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

11.1 

11.1

11.8 

11.0 

11.3

10.3 

12.7 

11.6

11.0 

11.1 

10.8 

12.3 

11.4 

Q 

Q 

13.4

8.7 

11.3 

Q 

Q

11.9 

9.8

Other

5.4

7.4 

Q

Q 

6.6 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

7.0 

6.9 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

7.1 

Q 

Q

Q

7.1

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

4.8 

9.2

5.4 

7.5 

12.4

7.6 

4.7 

32.8

4.3 

4.2 

5.3 

10.1 

10.9 

100.0 

32.5 

40.6

19.9 

4.3 

36.1

Q

4.8 

7.4

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.- To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of founding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households 

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

94 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle

RSE Column Factor:

All 

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

Sedan

0.5

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

1.3

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

2.0

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

4.0

RSE

Row 

Factor:

Household Characteristics

156.8 106.4 100.3 6.2 8.1 9.5 3.4 28.8 0.6 6.7

Census Region and Division

Middle Atlantic .............................

Midwest .........................................

East North Central .......................

West North Central ......................

South .............................................

South Atlantic ..............................

East South Central ......................

West South Central .....................

West ..............................................

Largest Populated States

New York ......................................

Urban Status

Urban ............................................

Central City .................................

Rural ..............................................

Household Size

Household Composition

Age of Oldest Child

7 to 15 Years .............................

16 or 17 Years ............................

Households Without Children .........

One Adult .....................................

Age of Householder

35 to 59 Years ..........................

26.6

7.6

19.0

41.1

29.0

12.1

56.0

28.4

11.1

16.4

33.1

9.8

23.3

17.0

8.8

7.8

11.0

119.4

40.1

79.3

37.4

19.5

55.4

31.7

29.5

14.4

6.3

64.6

17.1

32.3

15.2

92.2

19.5

4.1

7.6

7.9

19.7

5.3

14.4

28.7

20.2

8.5

37.3

19.7

7.2

10.4

20.8

5.5

15.3

11.1

6.3

6.0

7.1

84.1

29.2

55.0

22.3

15.6

39.2

21.3

18.0

8.5

3.9

39.9

11.2

18.9

9.8

66.6

15.6

3.0

5.6

7.0

17.9

4.6

13.3

27.1

19.2

7.9

35.7

18.7

7.0

10.1

19.6

5.3

14.3

10.5

5.9

5.5

6.9

79.1

27.5

51.6

21.2

14.8

37.7

19.8

16.7

7.7

3.5

36.8

10.4

17.3

9.1

63.5

14.8

2.9

5.3

6.6

1.9

0.7

1.2

1.6

1.0

0.6

1.5

1.0

Q

Q

1.2

Q

1.0

0.6

Q

0.5

Q

5.0

1.6

3.4

1.2

0.8

1.5

1.5

1.3

0.7

Q

3.1

0.8

1.7

0.7

3.1

0.8

Q

Q

Q

1.3

Q

0.9

2.5

1.8

0.6

2.7

1.5

0.4

0.7

1.6

Q

1.1

0.9

0.5

Q

Q

6.5

2.2

4.4

1.5

Q

1.3

1.4

2.6

1.9

0.7

6.1

1.3

3.8

1.1

2.0

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.7

0.6

1.1

1.5

1.1

Q

3.4

1.9

0.5

1.0

2.9

1.0

1.8

1.3

0.7

Q

0.8

7.5

2.3

5.3

2.0

0.6

2.9

2.2

2.2

1.3

Q

4.8

1.5

2.5

0.9

4.7

0.6

0

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.3

1.1

Q

1.1

0.6

Q

Q

0.7

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

2.7

1.0

1.8

0.6

Q

0.9

0.5

1.0

0.4

Q

1.7

Q

1.0

Q

1.7

Q

Q

Q

Q

3.5

1.2

2.3

7.1

4.7

2.4

11.3

4.7

2.7

3.9

6.8

2.3

4.6

3.2

1.1

0.8

2.4

18.1

5.3

12.7

10.7

2.7

10.6

6.3

5.7

2.2

1.3

12.0

2.9

6.0

3.0

16.8

2.7

0.7

1.2

0.8

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

12.4

27.1

12.9

11.1

13.3

18.0

12.3

15.3

19.0

2B.4

14.7

19.1

19.5

24.2

18.4

16.8

35.5

7.9

15.9

10.0

12.9

16.7

11.9

15.7

15.1

23.2

39.1

10.3

21.4

13.3

24.3

9.3

16.7

37.6

28.8

OO Q

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 95
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Household Composition

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ...........................

35 to 59 Years .............................

Race of Householder

White .................................................

Rlarlf

Other .................................................

Hispanic Descent

Ypc

No ......................................................

1993 Family Income

$** nort tn $Q QQQ

$10 000 to $14 999

$15,000 to $19,999 ...........................

$20,000 to $24,999 ...........................

$25,000 to $34,999 ...........................

$35,000 to $49,999 ...........................

$50,000 to $74,999 ...........................

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent .......................................

150 Percent .......................................

All 

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

72.6 51.0

13.8 10.2 

33.9 22.6 

24.9 18.1

138.6 92.3 

11.2 9.1 

7.0 5.0

10.7 7.0 

146.1 99.5

3.1 2.5 

7.8 6.2 

12.5 9.3 

14.2 10.3 

14.4 9.7 

24.1 15.7 

33.6 21.5 

28.0 18.2 

19.1 13.0

12.4 9.5 

18.2 13.4 

25.7 18.6

Sedan

0.5

48.7

9.8 

21.4 

17.4

86.7 

8.8 

4.8

6.6 

93.6

2.4 

5.8 

8.8 

9.8 

9.0 

14.5 

20.3 

17.3 

12.3

8.9 

12.3 

17.3

Station 

Wagon

1.4

2.3

Q 

1.2 

0.7

5.6 

Q 

Q

Q 

5.8

Q 

Q

0.5 

0.6 

0.6 

1.2 

1.2 

0.9 

0.7

0.5 

1.0 

1.3

Minivan

1.3

1.7

Q 

0.7 

0.8

7.3 

Q 

Q

0.5 

7.6

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

0.8 

1.3 

2.1 

2.0 

1.0

Q 

0.8 

1.0

Sport 

Utility

1.2

4.1

1.2 

2.2 

0.8

8.9 

Q 

Q

0.8 

8.8

Q 

Q 

Q

0.7 

0.7 

1.3 

2.3 

2.3 

1.7

Q 

0.5 

0.8

Large 

Van

2.0

1.4

Q

0.7 

0.6

2.8 

Q 

Q

Q

3.0

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

0.5 

0.8 

0.6 

Q

Q 

Q 

0.5

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

14.2

2.1 

7.6 

4.5

26.7 

1.1 

1.0

2.1 

26.7

Q 

1.3 

2.2 

2.5 

2.8 

5.2 

6.9 

4.9 

2.7

1.8 

3.0 

4.5

Other

4.0

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

0.6 

Q 

Q

Q

0.5

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

10.3

27.2 

16.7 

18.4

6.9 

32.4 

49.0

29.7 

7.0

50.8 

31.4 

21.8 

25.0 

22.1 

16.0 

14.5 

16.8 

21.8

27.7 

23.3 

19.9

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

31.8 23.3 21.5 1.8 1.2 1.1 0.6 5.5 17.6

1 ...............................................

2 ...............................................

3 ...............................................

Age of Primary Driver

16 to 17 Years ..........................

181022 Years ..........................

23 to 29 Years ..........................

40 to 49 Years ..........................

50 to 59 Years ..........................

60 to 69 Years ..........................

70to79 Years ..........................

........ 32.4

........ 91.6

........ 22.2

........ 9.7

........ 1.1

........ 4.4

........ 8.4

........ 22.6

........ 22.3

........ 14.9

........ 10.6

........ 8.6

........ 2.6

........ 61.3

25.3

59.3

14.3

6.7

0.8

3.5

5.8

13.4

13.5

9.7

7.4

6.6

2.2

43.4

23.8

56.0

13.4

6.4

0.8

3.3

5.6

12.1

12.6

9.2

7.0

6.4

2.1

41.0

1.5

3.3

1.0

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.3

0.9

Q

Q

Q

Q

2.4

0.8

5.8

1.0

Q

Q

Q

Q

2.3

1.7

0.7

Q

Q

Q

2.3

1.0

6.7

1.3

0.5

Q

Q

0.6

2.0

2.0

0.6

Q

Q

Q

3.5

0.6

1.9

0.7

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

0.8

Q

Q

Q

Q

1.2

4.5

17.6

4.8

1.8

Q

0.7

1.5

4.3

4.2

3.4

2.2

1.1

Q

10.8

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

16.0

8.7

19.8

32.7

67.0

32.7

22.2

13.8

13.9

19.6

21.5

22.5

34.5

19.2

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

Sedan

0.5

Station 

Wagon

1.4

Minivan

1.3

Sport 

Utility

1.2

Large 

Van

2.0

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

Other

4.0

RSE

Row

Factor:

Sex of Primary Driver

Female .............................................. 43.4 34.8 32.7 2.1 4.0 2.1 0.6 1.9 Q

Male .................................................. 52.2 28.5 26.8 1.7 1.7 4.0 1.6 16.1 Q

Don't Know ........................................ 61.2 43.2 40.8 2.4 2.3 3.5 1.2 10.8 Q

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 1.3 1.2 1.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Only 1 ................................................ 28.6 23.5 22.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 Q 2.7 Q

Between 1 and 2 ............................... 8.4 5.9 5.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 Q 1.3 Q

Only2 ................................................ 56.9 37.0 34.7 2.3 3.5 4.0 1.2 11.1 Q

Between 2 and 3 ............................... 13.5 8.6 8.2 0.4 0.9 1.2 Q 2.6 Q

Only3 ................................................ 25.2 15.9 15.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.8 6.1 Q

Between 3 and 4 ............................... 7.9 5.2 4.9 Q Q 0.5 Q 1.7 Q

4 or More ........................................... 14.8 9.3 8.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 Q 3.3 Q

Vehicle Characteristics

Model Year

199410 1995 ..................................... 7.2 4.1 4.0 Q 0.8 0.8 Q 1.5 Q

1993 .................................................. 10.4 6.9 6.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 Q 1.4 Q

1992 .................................................. 11.4 7.8 7.6 Q 0.8 1.0 Q 1.6 Q

1989101991 ..................................... 35.0 23.6 23.0 0.7 2.9 2.5 0.7 5.2 Q

1986 to 1988 ..................................... 36.3 26.1 24.6 1.5 1.9 2.0 Q 5.6 Q

1983to 1985 ..................................... 25.6 18.2 16.3 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 4.7 Q

198010 1982 ..................................... 10.9 8.1 7.4 0.7 Q Q Q 2.1 Q

197710 1979 ..................................... 9.5 5.6 5.2 Q Q Q Q 3.2 Q

1976 or Earlier................................... 10.6 6.0 5.8 Q Q 0.6 Q 3.5 Q

Fuel Efficiency (miles per gallon)

10.9orLess ..................................... 7.0 1.9 1.9 Q Q 0.7 0.6 3.3 0.6 11 to 12.9 ......................................... 8.9 3.7 3.6 Q Q 1.0 Q 3.5 Q

13 to 15.9 ......................................... 18.9 7.7 7.2 Q Q 1.8 1.8 7.5 Q

1610 18.9 .......................................... 26.5 13.9 13.1 0.8 2.8 4.2 Q 5.2 Q

191021.9 .......................................... 35.2 24.2 23.1 1.1 4.4 1.6 Q 4.9 Q

221024.9 .......................................... 28.2 24.4 22.7 1.7 0.6 Q Q 3.1 Q

251029.9 .......................................... 24.9 23.6 22.2 1.4 Q Q Q 1.2 Q

30orMore ......................................... 7.2 7.0 6.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q

Engine Size (liters)

2.49 or Less ...................................... 59.8 51.3 47.7 3.6 1.1 0.6 Q 6.7 Q

2.50103.49 ....................................... 30.1 19.4 18.4 1.0 4.8 2.3 Q 3.5 Q

3.50104.49 ....................................... 24.0 14.5 13.8 0.7 2.1 3.9 Q 3.1 Q

4.50 or Greater.................................. 42.8 21.2 20.2 0.9 Q 2.6 2.9 15.4 0.5

Number of Cylinders

4 ........................................................ 61.5 51.3 47.7 3.6 1.9 1.0 Q 7.4 Q

6 ........................................................ 52.3 31.3 29.7 1.6 6.2 6.1 0.8 8.0 Q

8 ........................................................ 41.6 22.6 21.6 1.0 Q 2.5 2.6 13.4 0.5 Other ................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q

9.9

9.8

19.3

88.4

15.8

28.2

11.1

20.4

17.8

32.3

25.2

21.8

20.2

20.0

12.7

12.8

15.8

23.5

24.0

29.3

21.1

22.4

15.2

14.2

13.5

15.9

14.8

29.5

12.7

12.6

15.9

12.2

11.3

10.8

12.5

56.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 97
Table 5.16. U.S. Number of Vehicles by Vehicle Type, 1994 (Continued)

(Million Vehicles)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

Type of Transmission

Manual Shift ......................................

Type of Drive

Front-Wheel ......................................

Rear-Wheel .......................................

4-Wheel .............................................

Type of Fuel System

Type of Fuel Purchased

Type of Primary Service

Bulk Sales/Other ...............................

Vehicle Use for Commuting 

to and from Work 

Yes ....................................................

No ......................................................

All 

Vehicle 

Types

0.4

Type of Vehicle

Passenger Cars

All

0.4

117.5 84.8 

39.3 21.7

74.9 66.9 

64.3 37.8 

17.6 1.7

76.4 49.6 

78.2 55.9 

2.2 0.9

153.4 104.8 

151.5 103.7 

104.2 69.8 

20.6 14.4 

26.7 19.5 

1.9 Q 

1.4 0.9 

1.8 0.7

13.8 10.8 

139.8 93.6 

2.9 2.0 

Q Q

95.3 63.8 

61.5 42.6

Sedan

0.5

80.3 

19.9

63.5 

35.8 

1.0

45.5 

53.8 

0.9

98.6 

97.6 

65.5 

13.5 

18.6 

Q 

0.9 

0.7

10.0 

88.3 

1.9 

Q

59.9 

40.3

Station 

Wagon

1.4

4.5 

1.7

3.5 

2.0 

0.7

4.0 

2.1 

Q

6.2 

6.1 

4.3 

0.9 

0.9 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.8 

5.3 

Q 

Q

3.9 

2.3

Minivan

1.3

7.5 

0.6

5.1 

2.5 

Q

1.6 

6.5 

Q

8.0 

8.0 

5.8 

1.1 

1.2 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.7 

7.3 

Q 

Q

4.8 

3.2

Sport 

Utility

1.2

7.0 

2.5

Q 

2.0 

7.1

3.6 

5.9 

Q

9.4 

9.3 

5.9 

1.7 

1.7 

Q 

Q 

Q

0.7 

8.6 

Q 

Q

6.7 

2.9

Large 

Van

2.0

3.2 

Q

Q 

3.1 

Q

2.6 

0.8 

Q

3.4 

3.3 

2.4 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

3.2 

Q 

Q

1.8 

1.6

Pickup 

Truck

0.8

14.6 

14.2

2.2 

18.4 

8.3

18.7 

8.8 

1.2

27.3 

26.7 

19.9 

3.0 

3.8 

Q 

Q 

1.0

1.5 

26.5 

Q 

Q

18.1 

10.6

Other

4.0

0.5 

Q

Q 

0.5 

Q

Q 

Q 

Q

0.5 

0.5 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q 

Q

Q 

0.6 

Q 

Q

Q 

0.6

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

7.5 

15.0

9.6 

10.4 

21.2

10.0 

9.2 

48.0

6.8 

6.8 

7.5 

16.4 

16.2 

77.9 

61.7 

54.5

30.1 

7.3 

55.5 

Q

8.5 

10.0

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.* To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households 

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

98 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, 

1994

(Million Households)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Expenditure 

Categories

0.5

Motor Fuel Expenditures 

(dollars per household)

$500

or

Less

1.1

$501

to

$1,000

0.9

$1,001

to 

$1,500

1.1

$1,501

to 

$2,000

1.2

$2,001

or 

More

1.1

Percent of Income for Motor Fuel

Less

than

2

1.0

2 

to 

3.9

0.9

4 

to 

5.9

1.1

6 

to 

7.9

1.6

8

or

More

1.2

RSE

Row 

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total .................................................... 84.9 15.2 24.8 18.7 13.0 13.2 23.2 26.5 14.6 8.1 12.5

Census Region and Division

Northeast........................................... 14.7 2.9 4.7 3.0 2.1 2.0 5.1 4.8 2.2 1.3 1.4

New England ................................... 4.1 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.7 Q 1.2 1.4 0.9 Q Q

Middle Atlantic ................................. 10.7 2.2 3.3 2.1 1.5 1.5 3.9 3.3 1.3 1.0 1.1

Midwest ............................................. 21.6 3.5 6.5 5.2 3.1 3.3 5.1 7.3 4.3 1.8 3.0

East North Central ........................... 15.1 2.5 4.6 3.6 2.1 2.3 3.8 5.4 2.8 1.2 1.9

West North Central.......................... 6.5 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.9 1.5 0.6 1.2

South ................................................. 30.2 5.8 8.0 6.8 4.7 4.9 7.2 9.4 5.7 3.1 4.9

South Atlantic .................................. 15.4 2.6 4.4 3.7 2.2 2.5 3.8 4.7 3.1 1.2 2.5

East South Central .......................... 5.4 0.7 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.0

West South Central ......................... 9.4 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.5 2.4 3.0 1.5 1.1 1.4

West .................................................. 18.4 2.9 5.6 3.7 3.1 3.0 5.7 5.0 2.5 1.9 3.2

Mountain ......................................... 5.4 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.4

Pacific.............................................. 13.0 2.2 4.2 2.6 1.8 2.2 4.7 3.6 1.7 1.1 1.8

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 9.5 1.4 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.7 3.5 2.8 1.1 0.8 1.3

Florida ............................................. 4.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.2 Q Q

NewYork .......................................... 4.7 1.0 1.7 1.1 0.6 Q 1.9 1.5 0.6 Q Q

Texas ............................................ 6.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.9 0.9 Q 1.0

Urban Status

Urban ................................................ 65.6 11.9 19.7 14.8 9.9 9.3 20.2 21.5 10.5 5.3 8.1

Central City ..................................... 24.1 5.6 8.1 5.1 3.1 2.2 7.7 7.9 3.4 2.1 3.1

Suburban ......................................... 41.5 6.3 11.7 9.7 6.8 7.1 12.6 13.5 7.2 3.2 5.0

Rural.................................................. 19.3 3.2 5.1 3.9 3.1 3.9 3.0 5.0 4.1 2.8 4.4

Household Size

1 Person ............................................ 17.0 7.7 6.5 1.9 0.6 Q 6.3 4.8 2.6 1.3 2.0

2 Persons .......................................... 30.1 5.0 9.4 7.4 4.7 3.6 8.9 9.4 4.9 3.0 3.9

3 Persons .......................................... 15.0 1.2 3.7 4.1 2.7 3.4 3.2 4.9 2.7 1.5 2.7

4 Persons .......................................... 13.3 0.8 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.3 2.9 4.7 2.4 1.2 2.1

5 Persons .......................................... 6.7 Q 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.4 0.8 1.1

6 or More Persons............................. 2.7 Q Q Q 0.6 0.8 Q 0.7 0.6 Q 0.7

Household Composition

Households with Children ................ 32.1 2.8 8.2 8.2 6.1 6.8 6.8 10.6 6.0 3.2 5.5

Age of Oldest Child 

Under 7 Years ............................... 9.2 1.0 2.6 2.7 1.8 1.3 2.4 3.3 1.5 0.8 1.3

7 to 15 Years ................................. 16.5 1.4 4.3 4.1 3.1 3.5 3.4 5.4 3.2 1.6 2.9

16 or 17 Years............................... 6.4 Q 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.0 1.9 1.3 0.9 1.3

Households Without Children ............ 52.7 12.4 16.6 10.5 6.9 6.4 16.4 15.9 8.6 4.9 7.0

One Adult ....................................... 17.0 7.7 6.5 1.9 0.6 Q 6.3 4.8 2.6 1.3 2.0

Age of Householder 

Under35 Years ........................... 3.4 1.2 1.2 Q Q Q 1.1 1.0 Q Q Q

35 to 59 Years ............................ 6.6 2.1 3.2 0.9 Q Q 2.8 1.7 0.9 Q 0.8

60 Years or More ........................ 7.0 4.4 2.1 Q Q Q 2.5 2.0 1.2 Q 0.8

5.6

13.9

24.4

15.4

10.0

13.5

12.9

9.7

12.9

18.1

19.0

12.5

20.8

15.6

17.3

16.9

18.5

21.5

6.8

13.8

8.7

11.0

13.0

9.0

14.1

15.1

21.3

32.5

9.8

21.4

13.1

20.8

7.3

13.0

27.3

20.8

16.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 99
Table 5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, 

1994 (Continued)

(Million Households)

1993 Household and

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All

Expenditure 

Categories

0.5

Motor Fuel Expenditures 

(dollars per household)

$500

or 

Less

1.1

$501

to

$1,000

0.9

$1,001

to 

$1,500

1.1

$1,501

to 

$2,000

1.2

$2,001

or 

More

1.1

Percent of Income for Motor Fuel

Less

than

2

1.0

2 

to 

3.9

0.9

4 

to 

5.9

1.1

6 

to 

7.9

1.6

8

or

More

1.2

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Composition

Two or More Adults ......................... 35.8 4.7 10.2 8.6 6.2 6.1 10.1 11.1 6.0 3.6 5.0 8.6

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 7.2 0.6 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.6 2.2 1.0 0.7 1.6 26.0

35 to 59 Years ............................. 15.0 1.1 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.9 4.2 4.8 2.8 1.6 1.6 14.7

60 Years or More ........................ 13.6 3.0 4.7 3.0 1.8 1.2 4.3 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.8 13.6

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 73.3 12.0 21.2 16.4 11.7 11.9 19.9 23.4 12.7 6.9 10.3 5.9

Black ................................................. 7.3 2.2 2.1 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.3 1.2 Q 1.4 23.2

Other ................................................. 4.3 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.6 Q 1.4 0.8 0.8 Q Q 34.6

Hispanic Descent

Yes ................................... 6.3 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 28.2

No...................................................... 78.6 14.1 22.7 17.5 11.9 12.4 21.7 24.9 13.6 7.3 11.2 5.9

1993 family Income

Less than $5,000............................... 2.2 Q 1.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 2.0 35.5

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 6.3 2.7 2.2 0.8 Q Q 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.1 2.9 24.3

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 8.9 3.0 3.0 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.2 1.9 1.5 2.6 19.4

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 8.5 1.9 3.0 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.1 18.8

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 8.6 2.1 2.8 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.7 2.7 1.6 1.2 1.4 18.4

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 13.3 2.2 3.6 3.6 2.0 1.9 2.7 4.8 3.2 1.4 1.2 13.7

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 16.5 1.9 4.3 4.0 3.0 3.3 4.9 6.6 3.5 1.3 Q 12.8

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 12.3 Q 3.0 3.4 2.7 2.7 5.3 5.5 1.1 Q Q 14.6

$75,000 or More ................................ 8.2 Q 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.6 6.1 2.0 Q Q Q 16.7

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent ....................................... 9.0 2.5 3.6 1.3 1.0 0.6 Q 0.6 1.2 1.4 5.3 24.2

125 Percent ...................................... 13.0 3.9 4.7 2.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.4 2.0 2.2 6.7 18.6

150 Percent ....................................... 17.4 4.6 6.4 2.8 2.0 1.7 1.0 2.4 2.9 2.9 8.2 15.9

Eligible for Federal Assistance1 ...... 21.6 6.0 7.9 3.8 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.8 4.1 3.4 8.9 13.6

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

1 .................................... 27.3 11.0 10.8 3.5 1.3 0.7 9.3 7.6 4.1 2.5 3.7 11.6

2 ........................................................ 45.7 3.3 12.2 13.5 9.2 7.6 12.0 14.9 8.2 4.3 6.4 7.8

3 ........................................................ 8.0 Q 1.1 1.4 2.1 3.2 1.3 3.1 1.4 0.9 1.4 18.7

4 or More ........................................... 2.9 Q Q Q Q 1.7 Q 0.7 0.8 Q 0.6 27.5

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.17. U.S. Number of Households by Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, 

1994 (Continued)

(Million Households)

1993 Household and 

1994 Vehicle 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All 

Expenditure 

Categories

0.5

Motor Fuel Expenditures 

(dollars per household)

$500 

or 

Less

1.1

$501 

to 

$1,000

0.9

$1,001 

to 

$1,500

1.1

$1,501 

to 

$2,000

1.2

$2,001 

or 

More

1.1

Percent of Income for Motor Fuel

Less 

than 

2

1.0

2

to 

3.9

0.9

4 

to 

5.9

1.1

6 

to 

7.9

1.6

8 

or 

More

1.2

RSE

Row

Factor:

Average Number of Vehicles per 

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle ..............................

Onlyl ................................................

Only 2 ................................................

Only 3 ................................................

2.4

28.6

5.5

28.4

5.6

8.4

2.3

3.4

2.1

11.6

Q

0.7

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

13.9

2.4

7.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

2.5

1.6

11.4

1.6

1.2

Q

Q

Q

Q

0.8

6.2

1.8

3.0

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

2.9

1.6

3.7

1.5

3.0

Q

11.0

1.1

6.8

0.9

1.4

Q

Q

Q

8.2

1.7

10.0

2.1

2.1

0.6

1.1

Q

4.4

1.0

4.6

1.2

1.8

0.8

0.7

Q

2.1

0.6

2.9

Q

1.3

Q

Q

Q

3.0

1.0

4.1

1.0

1.8

Q

0.9

56.5

10.8

23.8

10.6

17.4

16.0

26.1

21.4

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.' To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households with 

vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 101
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 

1994

(Dollars per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.1

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Households Without 

Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

2.3

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

1.1

Households with Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.4

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.6

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Motor Fuel 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Characteristics

Total.................................................... 97.3 2,365 12.5 962 84.9 2,571 1,337 1,234

Energy Used in the HomeJanuary 1993 Through December 

1993 

(million Btu per household)

SOorLess ......................................... 20.0 1,415 4.7 569 15.3 1,677 715 962

51 to 75 ............................................. 17.4 2,083 2.1 858 15.3 2,251 1,069 1,182

76 to 100 ........................................... 16.0 2,362 1.8 1,019 14.2 2,536 1,275 1,260

101 to 125 ......................................... 13.8 2,566 1.4 1,260 12.4 2,713 1,429 1,284

126 to 150 ......................................... 10.0 2,692 0.7 1,259 9.2 2,807 1,530 1,277

151 orOver ....................................... 20.1 3,256 1.7 1,770 18.5 3,389 1,964 1,425

Expenditures for Energy Used in 

the Home-January 1993 

Through December 1993 

(dollars per household)

600 or Less ....................................... 10.5 998 3.4 430 7.1 1,273 453 820

601 to 800 ......................................... 10.8 1,450 2.3 702 8.5 1,648 701 947

801 to 1,000 ...................................... 13.4 1,830 2.0 910 11.4 1,989 905 1,084

1,001 to 1,200 ................................... 14.2 2,115 1.5 1,094 12.7 2,232 1,101 1,131

1,201 to 1,600 ................................... 23.2 2,554 1.8 1,354 21.4 2,655 1,392 1,263

1,601 orOver .................................... 25.3 3,576 1.5 2,017 23.7 3,676 2,116 1,561

Measured Heated Area of 

Residence (square feet)

Fewerthan 600 ................................. 8.0 1,099 3.5 636 4.5 1,459 711 748

60010999 ......................................... 22.0 1,730 4.8 892 17.1 1,965 972 993

1,000 to 1,599 ................................... 26.9 2,338 2.5 1,239 24.3 2,453 1,247 1,205

1,600 to 1,999 ................................... 12.8 2,604 0.7 1,361 12.1 2,681 1,417 1,264

2,000 to 2,399 ................................... 9.9 2,848 Q Q 9.6 2,899 1,576 1,323

2,400 to 2,999 ................................... 8.1 3,224 Q Q 7.9 3,256 1,707 1,549

3,000 or More .................................... 9.8 3,385 0.4 1,652 9.4 3,461 1,878 1,583

Main Heating Fuel

Natural Gas ....................................... 52.1 2,331 7.0 1,013 45.1 2,536 1,343 1,193

Electricity ........................................... 25.0 2,264 2.7 763 22.3 2,445 1,219 1,226

Fuel Oil or Kerosene ......................... 11.6 2,528 2.0 1,075 9.6 2,828 1,594 1,233

Wood ................................................. 3.1 2,757 Q Q 2.9 2,903 1,184 1,719

Liquefied Petroleum Gas................... 4.4 2,840 0.4 1,197 4.0 3,002 1,571 1,431

Other/None........................................ 1.2 1,589 Q Q 1.0 1,791 731 1,060

2.1

4.6 

4.8 

S.O 

5.2 

S.2 

4.4

6.4 

5.2 

5.6 

4.1 

3.2 

3.2

10.1 

5.1 

4.0 

6.2 

5.6 

5.5 

6.8

3.2 

5.3 

5.6 

8.6 

9.1 

25.3

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 

1994 (Continued)

(Dollars per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.1

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Households Without 

Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

2.3

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

1.1

Households with Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.4

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.6

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Motor Fuel 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Census Region and Division

Northeast ........................................... 19.5 2,381 4.7 1,095 14.7 2,794 1,628 1,166

New England ................................... 5.0 2,450 1.0 1,103 4.1 2,766 1,586 1,180

Middle Atlantic ................................. 14.4 2,357 3.8 1,092 10.7 2,805 1,644 1,161

Midwest ............................................. 23.4 2,473 1.8 993 21.6 2,598 1,371 1,226

East North Central ........................... 16.5 2,490 1.4 989 15.1 2,627 1,401 1,225

West North Central .......................... 6.9 2,432 0.4 1,005 6.5 2,530 1,301 1,229

South ................................................. 34.1 2,437 3.9 951 30.2 2,629 1,380 1,249

South Atlantic .................................. 17.6 2,407 2.3 945 15.4 2,622 1,372 1,250

East South Central .......................... 6.1 2,415 0.7 892 5.4 2,614 1,291 1,323

West South Central ......................... 10.3 2,502 0.9 1,012 9.4 2,650 1,445 1,204

West .................................................. 20.4 2,105 2.0 640 18.4 2,264 993 1,271

Mountain ......................................... 5.7 2,301 0.3 835 5.4 2,395 1,052 1,344

Pacific .............................................. 14.7 2,028 1.7 599 13.0 2,210 969 1,241

Largest Populated States

California ............................................ 10.8 2,052 1.3 585 9.5 2,259 1,005 1,254

Florida ............................................. 5.5 2,210 0.5 833 4.9 2,355 1,180 1,175

NewYork .......................................... 7.0 2,302 2.2 1,070 4.7 2,881 1,818 1,062

Texas ............................................ 6.6 2,481 0.5 824 6.1 2,617 1,415 1,203

Census Region by 1993 Family 

Income

Northeast

Less than $5,000.............................. 0.9 1,585 0.5 1,040 0.4 2,378 1,447 932

$5,000 to $9,999 ........................... 2.2 1,268 1.5 1,035 0.6 1,840 1,214 627

$10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 2.3 1,679 0.9 1,071 1.4 2,090 1,433 657

$15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 1.4 2,055 Q Q 1.1 2,256 1,304 952

$20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 1.8 2,114 0.4 1,195 1.3 2,419 1,379 1,039

$25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 2.4 2,677 Q Q 2.1 2,906 1,653 1,253

$35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 3.7 2,747 Q Q 3.4 2,897 1,621 1,275

$50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 3.0 2,896 Q Q 2.7 3,085 1,714 1,371

$75,000 or More .............................. 2.0 3,436 Q Q 1.8 3,602 2,203 1,399

Midwest

Less than $5,000 ............................. 0.6 1,573 Q Q 0.4 1,984 1,224 Q

$5,000 to $9,999 ........................... 2.1 1,645 0.7 1,000 1.4 1,952 1,199 753

$10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 3.1 1,882 0.5 1,013 2.5 2,065 1,192 873

$15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 2.5 2,320 Q Q 2.4 2,358 1,229 1,130

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................ 2.4 2,358 Q Q 2.4 2,386 1,291 1,095

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................ 3.6 2,552 Q Q 3.6 2,552 1,387 1,165

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................ 4.5 2,737 Q Q 4.4 2,764 1,414 1,350

$50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 3.0 3,041 Q Q 2.9 3,132 1,553 1,578

$75,000 or More .............................. 1.6 3,498 Q Q 1.5 3,570 1,714 1,856

3.7 

6.6 

4.3 

4.5 

5.7 

6.4 

3.8 

5.0 

5.3 

7.9 

5.6 

10.4 

6.6

7.3

9.0

6.7

10.5

18.7

17.7

12.0

19.5

14.9

14.0

9.8

8.7

15.0

42.3

16.4

9.0

12.5

11.8

7.0

7.4

10.2

11.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 103
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 

1994 (Continued)

(Dollars per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.1

Household

and

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Households Without 

Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

2.3

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

1.1

Households with Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.4

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.6

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Motor Fuel 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

South

Less than $5,000............................. 1.5 1,379 0.7 1,010 0.8 1,712 1,000 712

$5,000 to $9,999 ........................... 4.7 1,463 1.7 871 3.0 1,798 1,102 697

$10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 3.6 1,662 0.6 832 3.0 1,828 1,081 747

$15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 3.4 2,289 Q Q 3.3 2,337 1,283 1,054

$20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 3.2 2,272 Q Q 3.0 2,406 1,290 1,116

$25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 5.3 2,688 Q Q 5.1 2,735 1,396 1,339

$35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 5.6 2,882 Q Q 5.4 2,930 1,433 1,497

$50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 4.0 3,203 Q Q 3.9 3,253 1,600 1,653

$75,000 or More .............................. 2.8 3,545 Q Q 2.7 3,587 1,893 1,694

West

Less than $5,000............................. 0.8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

$5,000 to $9,999 ........................... 2.3 1,099 1.0 557 1.3 1,527 751 776

$10,000 to $14,999 ......................... 2.4 1,746 0.3 598 2.0 1,931 815 1,117

$15,000 to $19,999 ......................... 1.9 1,781 Q Q 1.7 1,930 822 1,108

$20,000 to $24,999 ......................... 2.0 1,918 Q Q 1.9 1,934 905 1,029

$25,000 to $34,999 ......................... 2.7 2,064 Q Q 2.6 2,134 844 1,290

$35,000 to $49,999 ......................... 3.3 2,334 Q Q 3.3 2,334 1,069 1,265

$50,000 to $74,999 ......................... 2.8 2,540 Q Q 2.7 2,557 1,105 1,452

$75,000 or More .............................. 2.2 3,298 Q Q 2.2 3,329 1,519 1,810

Urban Status

Urban ................................................ 76.2 2,308 10.6 951 65.6 2,528 1,330 1,198

Central City ..................................... 31.1 1,976 6.9 941 24.1 2,274 1,232 1,042

Suburban ......................................... 45.1 2,537 3.7 970 41.5 2,675 1,386 1,289

Rural .................................................. 21.1 2,569 1.9 1,025 19.3 2,718 1,363 1,355

Household Size

1 Person ............................................ 23.6 1,380 6.6 804 17.0 1,605 949 657

2 Persons .......................................... 33.0 2,328 2.9 998 30.1 2,456 1,284 1,171

3 Persons .......................................... 16.2 2,778 1.2 1,198 15.0 2,905 1,450 1,455

4 Persons .......................................... 14.5 3,028 1.1 1,422 13.3 3,162 1,592 1,570

5 Persons .......................................... 7.0 3,094 0.3 1,208 6.7 3,189 1,618 1,571

6 or More Persons............................. 3.0 3,374 0.3 1,170 2.7 3,618 1,789 1,829

19.5

9.5

11.8

10.5

13.0

8.1

7.5

8.4

11.0

36.9

18.0

17.7

16.1

16.5

13.3

10.8

10.2

12.5

2.6 

4.5 

3.8 

4.3

4.0 

3.3 

4.8 

5.5 

8.4 

12.9

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 

1994 (Continued)

(Dollars per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.1

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Households Without 

Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

2.3

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

1.1

Households with Vehicles

Number 

of

House 

holds 

(mil 

lions)

1.4

Household

and 

Vehicle 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.6

Household 

Energy 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Motor Fuel 

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.9

RSE

Row

Factor:

Household Composition

Households with Children ................. 35.2 2,809

Age of Oldest Child 

Under? Years ............................... 10.3 2,526

7 to 15 Years ................................. 17.9 2,824

16 or 17 Years ............................... 7.0 3,186

Households Without Children ............ 62.1 2,113

One Adult ........................................ 23.6 1,380

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 4.5 1,394

35 to 59 Years ............................. 7.8 1,487

60 Years or More ........................ 11.2 1,301

Two or More Adults ......................... 38.5 2,562

Age of Householder 

Under 35 Years ........................... 8.1 2,224

35to59Years ............................. 15.5 2,953

60 Years or More ........................ 14.9 2,338

Race of Householder

White ................................................. 81.2 2,457

Black ................................................. 10.7 1,959

Other ................................................. 5.5 1,799

Hispanic Descent

Yes .................................................... 8.2 1,958

No...................................................... 89.1 2,402

1993 Family Income

Less than $5,000............................... 3.8 1,531

$5,000 to $9,999 ............................... 11.3 1,384

$10,000 to $14,999 ........................... 11.3 1,743

$15,000 to $19,999 ........................... 9.2 2,157

$20,000 to $24,999 ........................... 9.4 2,190

$25,000 to $34,999 ........................... 13.9 2,530

$35,000 to $49,999 ........................... 17.0 2,709

$50,000 to $74,999 ........................... 12.8 2,949

$75,000 or More ................................ 8.5 3,447

Below Poverty Line

100 Percent ....................................... 14.7 1,600

125 Percent....................................... 19.9 1,669

150 Percent ....................................... 25.2 1,770

Eligible for Federal Assistance

See footnotes at end of table.

30.7 1,775

3.1

1.0 

1.4 

0.6 

9.4 

6.6

1.1

1.2 

4.3 

2.8

0.9 

0.5 

1.3

7.9 

3.4 

1.2

2.0 

10.5

1.7 

4.9 

2.4 

0.7 

0.8 

0.6 

0.5 

0.5 

0.3

5.7 

6.9 

7.8

9.1

1,173

1,208

1,127

1,220

893

804

784

705

838

1,106

738

1,134

1,357

926

1,126

717

932

968

972

874

932

1,034

1,050

1,077

904

1,119

1,676

935

938

925

946

32.1

9.2

16.5

6.4

52.7

17.0

3.4

6.6

7.0

35.8

7.2

15.0

13.6

73.3 

7.3 

4.3

6.3 

78.6

2.2 

6.3 

8.9

8.5

8.6

13.3

16.5

12.3

8.2

9.0

13.0

17.4

21.6

2,966

2,675

2,970

3,374

2,330

1,605

1,598

1,633

1,583

2,674

2,417

3,017

2,432

2,621

2,352

2,089

2,280

2,594

1,957

1,781

1,959

2,250

2,297

2,597

2,761

3,031

3,519

2,022

2,060

2,149

2,125

1,513

1,379

1,536

1,647

1,230

949

755

904

1,085

1,364

1,113

1,461

1,388

1,354

1,347

1,035

1,106

1,356

1,034

1,062

1,105

1,177

1,218

1,328

1,394

1,503

1,827

1,132

1,142

1,169

1,168

1,453

1,296

1,434

1,727

1,100

657

843

728

498

1,311

1,304

1,557

1,044

1,267

1,005

1,053

1,174

1,238

923

719

854

1,073

1,079

1,269

1,366

1,528

1,692

890

918

979

957

3.4

6.6 

4.7 

7.3 

2.6 

4.0

9.9 

6.8 

5.4 

3.4

8.2 

5.1 

5.6

2.3

6.9

12.0

8.3 

2.2

13.1 

7.2 

5.9 

7.9 

7.5 

5.9 

5.5 

5.8 

8.6

6.6 

5.7 

5.0

4.5

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 105
Table 5.18. U.S. Average Household and Vehicle Energy Expenditures, 

1994 (Continued)

(Dollars per Household)

1993 Household 

Characteristics

RSE Column Factor:

All Households

Number

of

House 

holds (mil 

lions)

1.1

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Households Without

Vehicles

Number

of

House 

holds (mil 

lions)

2.3

Household

Energy

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

1.1

Households with Vehicles

Number

of

House 

holds (mil 

lions)

1.4

Household

and

Vehicle

Energy

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.6

Household

Energy

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.7

Motor Fuel

Expendi 

tures 

(dollars)

0.9

Number of Drivers2 (Fall 1993)

None.................................................. 11.0 962 10.0 918 1.0 1,413 951 462

1 ........................................................ 28.9 1,709 1.6 986 27.3 1,751 1,048 703

2 ........................................................ 46.3 2,778 0.5 1,296 45.7 2,795 1,422 1,373

3 ............... 8.2 3,559 Q Q 8.0 3,604 1,683 1,921

4 or More .. ............................. 3.0 4,217 Q Q 2.9 4,281 1,894 2,387

Average Number of Vehicles per

Household During the Year

Part-Year Vehicle .............................. 2.4 1,434 Q Q 2.4 1,434 1,110 324

Onlyl. .................... 28.6 1,715 Q Q 28.6 1,715 1,109 605

Between 1 and 2 ............................... 5.5 2,440 Q Q 5.5 2,440 1,297 1,142

Only 2. ........................................ 28.4 2,740 Q Q 28.4 2,740 1,399 1,341

Between 2 and 3 ............................... 5.6 3,262 Q Q 5.6 3,262 1,514 1,749

Only3. ................................ 8.4 3,625 Q Q 8.4 3,625 1,635 1,991

Between 3 and 4 2.3 4153 Q Q 2.3 4.153 1.672 2.481

3.4 4,692 Q Q 3.4 4,692 1,721 2,972

RSE 

Row 

Factor:

10.9

4.4

3.8

5.9

8.9

31.3

3.8

7.3

2.9

5.0

5.0

9.0

7.5

1 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income.

2 Approximately .5 percent of the vehicle stock was owned by households that had no drivers as of fall 1993.

NF = No applicable RSE row factor.

Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled.

Notes: • "Households with Children" category includesmembers under age 18 unless the member is the householder or spouse.' To obtain the RSE percentage 

for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Data in this table are for households 

with vehicles for personal use. • Percentages are calculated on unrounded numbers. • See Glossary for definition of terms used in this report.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-457 A of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and 

Forms EIA-876 A, B, C, and D for the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey.

106 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Glossary

Aggregate Ratio: See Mean and Ratio Estimate.

AMPD: Average miles driven per day.

Annual Vehicle-Miles Traveled: See Vehicle-Miles Traveled.

Automobile: Includes standard passenger car, 2-seater car and station wagons; excludes passenger vans, cargo vans, 

motor homes, pickup trucks, and sport-utility or similar vehicles. See Vehicle.

Average Household Energy Expenditures: A ratio estimate defined as the total household energy expenditures for 

all RTECS households divided by the total number of households. See Ratio Estimate, and Combined Household 

Energy Expenditures.

Average Number of Vehicles per Household: The average number of vehicles used by a household for personal 

transportation during 1994. For this report, the average number of vehicles per household is computed as the ratio of 

the total number of vehicles to the total number of households within any subgroup or "table cell." The total number 

of vehicles used by a household is based on the number of days each vehicle is used. For example, a total of one 

vehicle may represent two vehicles, each used for half of the year. See Vehicle.

Average Vehicle Fuel Consumption: A ratio estimate defined as total gallons of fuel consumed by all vehicles, 

divided by: (1) the total number of vehicles (for average fuel consumption per vehicle) or (2) the total number of 

households (for average fuel consumption per household). See Ratio Estimate.

Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled: A ratio estimate defined as total miles traveled by all vehicles, divided by: (1) 

the total number of vehicles (for average miles traveled per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average 

miles traveled per household). See Ratio Estimate and Vehicle Miles Traveled.

BLS: Bureau of Labor Statistics within the U.S. Department of Labor. See Price.

British Thermal Unit (Btu): The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree 

Fahrenheit (F) at or near 39.1 degrees F and 1 atmosphere of pressure. One Btu is about equal to the heat given off 

by a blue-tip match. See Conversion Factor.

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.

Btu Conversion Factor: See Conversion Factor.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Pump Price Series: See Price.

Carburetor: A fuel delivery device for producing a proper mixture of gasoline and air, and delivering it to the intake 

manifold of an internal combustion engine. The efficiency of carburetors is more temperature dependent than fuel 

injection systems. See Fuel Injection and Diesel Fuel System.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 107
Census Division: A geographic area consisting of several States as defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce, 

Bureau of the Census. The States are grouped into nine divisions and four regions:

Region

Northeast

Division

New England

Midwest

Middle Atlantic

East North Central

States

Connecticut, Maine, 

Massachusetts, 

New Hampshire, Rhode 

Island, and Vermont

New Jersey, New York, 

and Pennsylvania

Illinois, Indiana, 

Michigan, Ohio, and 

Wisconsin

West North Central Iowa, Kansas, 

Minnesota, Missouri, 

Nebraska, North 

Dakota, and South 

Dakota

South South Atlantic

East South Central

Delaware, the District 

of Columbia, Florida, 

Georgia, Maryland, 

North Carolina, South 

Carolina, Virginia, 

and West Virginia

Alabama, Kentucky,

Mississippi,

and Tennessee

West

West South Central

Mountain

Pacific

Census Region: See Census Division.

Arkansas, Louisiana, 

Oklahoma, and Texas

Arizona, Colorado, 

Idaho, Montana, 

Nevada, New Mexico, 

Utah, and Wyoming

Alaska, California, 

Hawaii, Oregon, 

and Washington

Central City: Usually one or more legally incorporated cities within the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) that is 

significantly large by itself or large relative to the largest city in the MSA. Additional criteria for being classified 

"central city" include having at least 75 jobs for each 100 employed residents and having at least 40 percent of the 

resident workers employed within the city limits. Every MSA has at least one central city, which is usually the largest

108 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
city. Central cities are commonly regarded as relatively large communities with a denser population and a higher 

concentration of economic activities than the outlying or suburban areas of the MS A. "Suburban" are those parts of 

the MSA that are not designated as central city. (See Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Urban, Suburban, and Rural.)

Certification Files: See Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files. 

Change in Vehicle Stock: See Vehicle Acquisition and Vehicle Disposition.

CID: Cubic Inch Displacement. See Engine Size.

Cold-Deck Imputation: A statistical procedure that replaces a missing value of an item with a constant value from 

an external source such as a value from a previous survey.

Combined Household Energy Expenditures: The total amount of funds spent for energy consumed in, or delivered 

to, a housing unit during a given period of time; and for fuel used to operate the motor vehicles that are owned or used 

on a regular basis by the household. For this report, expenditures for energy consumed in the housing unit are 

presented on an annual basis for calendar year 1993 as collected during the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption 

Survey. All vehicle expenditure statistics calculated for this report are on an annual basis for calendar year 1994.

The total dollar amount for energy consumed in a housing unit includes State and local taxes but excludes merchandise 

repairs or special service charges. Electricity expenditures and natural gas expenditures are for the amount of those 

energy sources consumed. Fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG expenditures are for the amount of fuel purchased, which may 

differ from the amount of fuel consumed.

The total dollar amount of fuel spent for vehicles is the product of fuel consumption and price. In the 1994 survey, 

price data were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics price data and the Lundberg Survey Inc. price series. See 

Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, Average Household Energy Expenditures, and Price.

Conversion Factor: A number that translates units of one system into corresponding values of another system. 

Conversion factors are used to translate physical units of measures for various fuels into Btu equivalents. Conversion 

factors used in this report are:

Motor Gasoline ....................... 0.125 million Btu per gallon

Diesel Fuel.............................. 0.139 million Btu per gallon

Propane ................................... 0.091 million Btu per gallon

Gasohol................................... 0.121 million Btu per gallon

Gasohol = 90 percent motor gasoline and 10 percent ethanol 

1 barrel = 42 gallons

Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillates obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such distillates with 

residual oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than for gasoline. 

See Diesel Fuel System.

Diesel Fuel System: Diesel engines are internal combustion engines that burn diesel oil rather than gasoline. Injectors 

are used to spray droplets of diesel oil into the combustion chambers, at or near the top of the compression stroke. 

Ignition follows due to the very high temperature of the compressed in-take air, or to the use of "glow plugs," which 

retain heat from previous ignitions (spark plugs are not used). Diesel engines are generally more fuel economic than 

gasoline engines, but must be stronger and heavier due to high compression ratios. See Diesel Fuel, Carburetor, and 

Fuel Injection.

Drivers: Household members who drove a vehicle on a regular basis at the time of the 1993 RECS personal 

interviews.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 109
Electricity: See Main Heating Fuel.

Energy Used in the Home: For electricity or natural gas, the quantity is the amount used by the household during 

the 365- or 366-day period. For fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the quantity consists of fuel 

purchased, not fuel consumed. If the level of fuel in the storage tank was the same at the beginning and end of the 

annual period, then the quantity consumed would be the same as the quantity purchased. Information on the level of 

fuel in the storage tank was not included in the data collection. The time period for household consumption for energy 

used in the home is January 1993 through December 1993 and was collected during the 1993 Residential Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Engine Size: The total volume within all cylinders of an engine, when pistons are at their lowest positions. The engine 

is usually measured in "liters" or "cubic inches of displacement (CID)." Generally, larger engines result in greater 

engine power, but less fuel economy. There are 61.024 cubic inches in a liter. See Number of Cylinders.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files: Computer files produced by EPA for analysis 

purposes. For each vehicle make, model, and year, the files contain the EPA test miles-per-gallon (mpg) values (city, 

highway, and 55/45 composite). These mpg values are associated with various combinations of engine and drive-train 

technologies (e.g., number of cylinders, engine size, gasoline or diesel fuel, and automatic or manual transmission). 

These files also contain information similar to that in the DOE/EPA Gas Mileage Guide, although the mpg values in 

that publication are adjusted for shortfall.

EPA Certification Files: See Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files.

EPA Composite Miles per Gallon (mpg): The harmonic mean of the EPA city and highway mpg, weighted under 

the assumption of 55 percent city driving and 45 percent highway driving.

Family Income: The total combined annual income in 1993 of all members of the family from all sources before taxes 

and deductions as collected in the 1993 RECS. It includes wages, salaries, tips, commissions, income from Social 

Security, pensions, interest, dividends, rent, public assistance, and unemployment insurance. This includes the total 

income for all family members who lived in the household in 1993. Income of nonfamily members of the household 

is not included. "Family" includes the following types of relationships: mother, father, sister, brother, son, daughter, 

father-in-law, uncle, aunt, niece, grandchild, foster child, and similar relationships.

Four-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

Front-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

Fuel Consumption: See Vehicle Fuel Consumption.

Fuel Economy: See Miles per Gallon.

Fuel Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures.

Fuel Injection: A fuel delivery system whereby gasoline is pumped to one or more fuel injectors under high pressure. 

The fuel injectors are valves that, at the appropriate times, open to allow fuel to be sprayed or atomized into a throttle 

bore or into the intake manifold ports. The fuel injectors are usually solenoid operated valves under the control of the 

vehicle's on-board computer (thus the term "electronic fuel injection"). The efficiency of fuel-injection systems is less 

temperature dependent than carburetor systems. Diesel engines always use injectors. See Carburetor and Diesel Fuel 

Systems.

Fuel Oil: See Main Heating Fuel.

Fuel Type: See Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased.

110 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Full Service: See Type of Primary Service.

GPMR (Gallons per Mile Ratio): See Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall.

Gasohol: A fuel used in motor vehicles that is a blend of finished motor gasoline (leaded or unleaded) and alcohol 

(generally ethanol, but sometimes methanol), limited to 10 percent alcohol by volume. See Gasoline.

Gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, 

obtained by blending appropriate refinery streams to form a fuel suitable for use in spark ignition engines. Motor 

gasoline includes both leaded or unleaded grades of finished motor gasoline, blending components, and gasohol.

Hispanic Descent: This, as the question on origin, was self-determined by the respondent and is collected in the 1993 

RECS. The respondent was asked, "Is the householder of Spanish or Hispanic descent?" and the respondent's answer 

was recorded. See Origin.

Hot-Deck Imputation: A statistical procedure for deriving a probable response to a questionnaire item concerning 

a household or vehicle, where no response was given during the survey. To perform the procedure, the households or 

vehicles are sorted by variables related to the missing item. Thus, a series of "sort categories" are formed, which are 

internally homogeneous with respect to the sort variables. Within each category, households or vehicles for which the 

questionnaire item is not missing are randomly selected to serve as "donors" to supply values for the missing item of 

"recipient" households or vehicles.

Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated persons occupying the same housing unit at 

the time of the 1993 RECS interview. "Occupy" means the housing unit was the person's usual or permanent place 

of residence at the time of the first field contact. The household includes babies, lodgers, boarders, employed persons 

who live in the housing unit, and persons who usually live in the household but are away traveling or in a hospital. 

The household does not include persons who are normally members of the household but who were away from home 

as college students or members of the armed forces at the time of the contact. The household does not include persons 

temporarily visiting with the household if they have a place of residence elsewhere, persons who take their meals with 

the household but usually lodge or sleep elsewhere, domestic employees or other persons employed by the household 

who do not sleep in the same housing unit, or persons who are former members of the household, but have since 

become inmates of correction or penal institutions, mental institutions, homes for the aged or needy, homes or hospitals 

for the chronically ill or handicapped, nursing homes, convents or monasteries, or other places in which residents may 

remain for long periods of time. By definition, the number of households is the same as the number of occupied 

housing units. The number or households for a subgroup or table cell is estimated by summing the survey weights over 

all sample households in that subgroup.

Householder: The person (or one of the people) in whose name the home is owned or rented. If there is no lease or 

similar agreement, or if the person who owns the home or pays the rent does not live in the housing unit, the 

householder is the person responsible for paying the household bills, or whoever is generally in charge.

Household Composition: The configuration of the household members including number of children, number of 

household members, and age of household members. For this report, households were divided into households with 

children and households without children. Within the households with children, a further division was made depending 

on the age of the oldest child. Within households without children, a further division was made depending on the 

number of adults and then within that category, the age of the households. See Household, Householder, and 

Housing Unit.

Household Energy Expenditures: The total amount of funds spent for energy consumed in, or delivered to, a housing 

unit during a given period of time. See Combined Household Energy Expenditures.

Household Size: Number of individuals occupying a housing unit. See Household, and Housing Unit.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 111
Housing Unit: A structure or part of a structure where a household lives. It has direct access from the outside of the 

building, either directly or through a common hall. Housing units do not include group quarters such as prisons or 

nursing homes where 10 or more unrelated persons live. Hotel and motel rooms are considered housing units if 

occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.

Imputation: A group of statistical techniques for estimating probable responses to questionnaire items concerning 

households or vehicles, where no responses or poor quality responses were given during the survey. The three most 

common techniques employed in this survey were "hot-deck," "regression," and "predictive mean matching." See HotDeck Imputation, Cold-Deck Imputation, Predictive Mean Matching, and Regression Imputation.

Intermediate-Grade Gasoline: An increasingly common grade of unleaded gasoline with an octane rating 

intermediate between "regular" and "premium." Octane boosters are added to gasolines to control engine pre-ignition 

or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. See Regular-Grade Gasoline and Premium-Grade Gasoline.

In-Use Miles per Gallon (mpg): A mpg value that was adjusted for seasonality and annual miles traveled. 

Jeep-like Vehicle: These vehicles are now referred to as sport-utility. See Sport-Utility Vehicle. 

Kerosene: See Main Heating Fuel. 

Large Van: See Van.

Leaded Gasoline: A fuel that contains more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus 

per gallon. See Gasoline and Unleaded Gasoline.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): See Main Heating Fuel.

Liters: See Engine Size.

Lundberg Survey Inc. Price Series: See Price.

Main Heating Fuel: The primary fuel delivered to a residential site. It may be converted to some other form of energy 

at the site. The following are defined as primary fuels for this report:

Electricity: Metered electric power supplied by a central utility company to a residence via underground 

or above-ground power lines. It does not refer to electricity generated onsite for the exclusive use of a 

residence. When a residence has its own generating capability, the fuel used for the generator will be 

specified. The Btu equivalent for electricity is the energy value of electricity as received by the household 

(3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). For this report, energy losses that occur in generating and transmitting 

electricity are not included in the conversion of electricity into a Btu equivalent. If these losses were to 

be included, the conversion rate would generally be about 10,353 Btu per kilowatthour.

Fuel Oil: No. 1, No. 2, or No. 4 grade fuel oil or residual oil that is burned for space- or water-heating 

purposes. No. 1 distillate fuel oil is a form of heating oil used mostly as a blending stock to insure that 

heavier grades of fuel flow under severe cold weather conditions. No. 2 distillate refers to both No. 2 

heating oil and No. 2 diesel fuel. Although these products are not identical, they are essentially 

interchangeable for most applications. No. 2 fuel oil is the most common form of heating oil. No. 4 

distillate is a blend of No. 2 and No. 5 or No. 6 residual fuel oil, used in large stationary diesel engines 

and boilers equipped with fuel preheating equipment. Residual fuel oil refers to the heavier oils that 

remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are boiled off in refinery operations.

112 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Kerosene: The generic name for a distilled product of oil or coal, having properties similar to those of No. 

1 fuel oil. Kerosene is used for cooking stoves, for space heating or water heating, or for lighting 

equipment that uses wicks. It is sometimes sold under the names "range oil," "stove oil," or "coal oil."

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Any fuel gas supplied to a residence in liquid form, such as propane or 

butane. It is usually delivered by tank truck and stored near the residence in a tank or cylinder until used. 

Propane was the most common liquefied petroleum gas supplied to RECS households. Household use of 

LPG solely for outdoor gas grills is not considered sufficient use to mark the household as a user of LPG.

Natural Gas: Utility gas supplied by underground pipeline to individual housing units by a central utility 

company. It does not refer to privately owned gas wells operated by the household, nor to LPG.

Mean: The simple arithmetic average for a population; that is, the sum of all the values in a population divided by the 

size of the population. For this report, population means are estimated by computing the weighted sum of the sample 

values, then dividing by the sum of the sample weights. The mean is, thus, an aggregate ratio whose denominator is 

the total number of households or vehicles. See Ratio Estimate.

Measured Heated Area of Residence: The floor area of the housing unit that is enclosed from the weather and heated 

as collected in the 1993 RECS. Basements are included whether or not they contain finished space. Garages are 

included if they have a wall in common with the house. Attics that have finished space and attics that have some heated 

space are included. Crawl spaces are not included even if they are enclosed from the weather. Sheds and other 

buildings that are not attached to the house are not included. "Measured" area means that the measurement of the 

dimensions of the home did not rely on the respondent's reports but was an actual measurement by the interviewer using 

a metallic, retractable, 50-foot tape measure. "Heated area" is that portion of the measured area that is heated during 

most of the season. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save on fuel are not counted. Attached 

garages that are unheated and unheated areas in the attics and basements are also not counted.

Metropolitan: See Urban.

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): Areas defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget in 1992. An 

MSA is (1) a county or group of contiguous counties that contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or (2) 

an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New 

England). The contiguous counties are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially 

metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, MSAs 

consist of towns and cities, rather than counties. (See Urban, Central City, Suburban, and Rural.)

Metropolitan Status: Refers to the geographic location of the households in relationship to MSA's. See 

Metropolitan, Nonmetropolitan, and Central City.

Miles per Gallon (mpg): A measure of vehicle fuel economy. Miles per gallon (mpg) as presented in this report 

represents "fleet miles per gallon." For each subgroup or "table cell," mpg is computed as the ratio of the total number 

of miles traveled by all vehicles in the subgroup to the total number of gallons consumed. For the 1994 RTECS, mpg 

values were assigned to each vehicle using the EPA certification files and adjusted for on-road driving.

Mini-Service Pumps: See Type of Primary Service.

Minivan: New type of small van that first appeared with that designation in 1984. Any of the smaller vans built on 

an automobile-type frame. Earlier models such as the Volkswagen van are now included in this category.

Model Year: As determined by the manufacturer, the model year is the year that appears in the vehicle identification 

number.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 113
Motor Fuel Consumption: See Vehicle Fuel Consumption. 

Motor Fuel Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, 

mpg: See Miles per Gallon.

Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall: The difference between actual on-road mpg and EPA laboratory test mpg. Milesper-gallon (mpg) shortfall is expressed as gallons-per-mile ratio (GPMR).

MS A: See Metropolitan Statistical Area (MS A).

Multistage Area Probability Sample: A sample design executed in stages with geographic "clusters" of sampling 

units selected at each stage. This procedure reduces survey expense while maintaining national coverage.

Natural Gas: See Main Heating Fuel.

Nonmetropolitan: Households not located within MSAs as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. 

See Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).

Number of Cylinders: In a reciprocating engine, a cylinder is the chamber in which combustion of fuel occurs and 

the piston moves, ultimately delivering power to the wheels. Common engine configurations include 4, 6, and 8 

cylinders. Generally, the more cylinders a vehicle has, the greater the amount of engine power it has. However, more 

cylinders often result in less fuel economy. See Engine Size.

Number of Households: The total number of households in the United States that are represented by the sample 

households. In this report, most statistics are shown for the number of households with vehicles, which is a subset of 

the total number of households.

Number of Vehicles: See Vehicle and Vehicle Stock.

Occupied Housing Unit: A unit someone was living in as his or her usual or permanent place of residence when the 

first field contact was made. See Housing Unit.

On-Road Miles per Gallon (mpg): A composite mpg that was adjusted to account for the difference between the test 

value and the fuel economy actually obtained on the road.

Origin: The primary ethnic background of the person considered to be the householder as self-determined by the 

respondent. Origin of householder was collected in the 1993 RECS. Each respondent was asked, "Which of the groups 

on this exhibit best describes the householder?" The groups included: white, black or Negro, American Indian, 

Alaskan native, Asian, and Pacific Islander. The word "race" was not used in either the questionnaire or the 

instructions. See Hispanic Descent.

Outside Central City: See Central City. 

Passenger Car: See Vehicle and Automobile.

Pickup Truck: Includes compact and full-size pickup trucks. See Vehicle.

Poverty: Low-income classifications to which certain households are assigned based on the household's annual income 

reported in the 1993 RECS. "Below 100 percent of poverty" encompasses a group of households with incomes below 

the poverty level as defined by the Bureau of the Census. "Below 125 percent of poverty" includes a group of 

households with incomes below 125 percent of the poverty level. These groups of the poor and near-poor represent

114 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
alternative levels for defining poverty. The definitions of "poor" are based on the number of family members in the 

household and the income of the entire family.

Premium-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a high octane rating, (approximately 92) designed 

to minimize preignition or engine "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. See Regular-Grade Gasoline and 

Intermediate-Grade Gasoline.

Predictive Mean Matching: A model-based procedure used to impute for item nonresponse. This method uses 

logistic models to compute predicted means that are used to statistically match each nonrespondent to a respondent with 

the closest predicted mean. The respondent's value is directly imputed to the nonrespondent.

Price: The dollar amount per gallon of fuel purchased. For the 1994 RTECS, fuel prices were not collected directly 

from the respondent. Instead fuel prices were estimated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Retail Pump Price Survey 

and from the Lundberg Survey Inc. Prices

Primary Sampling Unit (PSU): A sampling unit selected at the first stage in multistage area probability sampling. 

A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous counties-for example, a metropolitan area with surrounding 

suburban counties. The approximately 3,100 counties and independent cities of the contiguous United States were 

grouped into about 1,800 PSUs by a procedure similar to the one used by the Census Bureau for its Current Population 

Survey. PSUs can be composed of one or more MSAs or can be composed of rural counties.

PSU: See Primary Sampling Unit.

Quadrillion: The number 1,000,000,000,000,000 or 1015 .

Ratio Estimate: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, "average miles traveled per vehicle" 

is the ratio of total miles driven by all vehicles, over the total number of vehicles, within any subgroup or "table cell." 

In this report, there are two types of ratio estimates: those computed using aggregates for vehicles and those computed 

using aggregates for households. See Mean.

Rear-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

RECS: See Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS).

Regression Imputation: A statistical technique for predicting the value of a numerical variable that is missing. The 

technique involves developing a regression equation that predicts the value of the missing variable based upon 

variables that are not missing or have already been imputed.

Regular-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a lower octane rating (approximately 87) than other 

grades. Octane boosters are added to gasoline to control engine preignition or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. 

See Intermediate-Grade Gasoline and Premium-Grade Gasoline.

Relative Standard Error: See RSE (Relative Standard Error).

Residential: Occupied housing units, including mobile homes, single-family housing units (attached and detached), 

and apartments. The definition of "occupied housing units" is the same as that used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. 

See Household and Housing Unit.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS): A national multistage probability sample survey conducted by 

the Energy End Use Division of the Energy Information Administration. The RECS provides baseline information on 

how households in the United States use energy. The RTECS sample is a subset of the RECS. Household demographic 

characteristics reported in the RTECS publication are collected during the RECS personal interview.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 115
RSE (Relative Standard Error): A measure of the reliability or precision of a survey statistic. Variability occurs 

in survey statistics because the different samples that could be drawn would each produce different values for the 

survey statistics. The RSE is a measure of precision on a percentage scale. The RSE is defined as the standard error 

of a survey estimate, divided by the survey estimate and multiplied by 100. (Standard error is the square root of the 

variance.) For example, an RSE of 50 percent means that the standard error is half as large as the survey estimate.

RSE Column Factor: An adjustment factor that appears above each column of the tables and is used to compute 

RSEs. For a survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE 

is obtained by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that cell. See RSE and RSE Row Factor.

RSE Row Factor: A factor that appears to the right of each row of the tables, and is used to compute RSE's. For a 

survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE is obtained 

by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that particular cell. The row factor is equal to the 

geometric mean of the RSE's in a particular row of the tables. See RSE and RSE Column Factor

Rural: Households not located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management 

and Budget for 1993. See Metropolitan Statistical Area and Urban Status.

Sampling: The procedure used to select housing units for interview from the population of residential housing units 

in the United States. See Multistage Area Probability Sample.

Self-Service or Mini-Service: See Type of Primary Service. 

Shortfall: See Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall.

Sport-Utility Vehicle: Includes light trucks that are similar to jeeps. Other common terms for these vehicles are sportutility, special purpose, utility or off-the-road vehicles. They may have a four- or two-wheel drive. See Vehicle.

Suburban: Those parts of the MS A that are not designated as central city. Suburban areas are referred to as "outside 

central city." See Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Transmission Type: The householder was asked if each vehicle had an automatic or manual shift transmission. The 

transmission is the part of a vehicle that transmits motive force from the engine to the wheels, usually by means of gears 

for different speeds using either a hydraulic "torque-converter" (automatic) or clutch assembly (manual). On front 

wheel drive cars, the transmission is often called a "transaxle." Fuel economy is usually higher with manual 

transmissions than automatic transmissions, although newer automatic transmissions are narrowing the difference.

Transportation Energy Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Combined Household Energy 

Expenditures.

Type of Drive: Refers to which wheels the engine power is delivered to, the so-called "drive wheels." Rear-wheel 

drive, has drive wheels on the rear of the vehicle. Front-wheel drive, a newer technology, has drive wheels on the front 

of the vehicle. Four-wheel drive uses all four wheels as drive wheels, and is found mostly on sport-utility vehicles and 

trucks, though it is becoming increasingly more common on station wagons and vans.

Type of Fuel System: See Carburetor, Fuel-Injection, and Diesel Fuel Systems.

Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased: The predominant type of fuel purchased during 1994. Data categories are leaded 

and unleaded gasoline, diesel motor fuel, and "other" which includes propane and gasohol. See Gasoline, Gasohol, 

Unleaded Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular-Grade Gasoline, Intermediate-Grade Gasoline, and PremiumGrade Gasoline.

116 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1394
alternative levels for defining poverty. The definitions of "poor" are based on the number of family members in the 

household and the income of the entire family.

Premium-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a high octane rating, (approximately 92) designed 

to minimize preignition or engine "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. See Regular-Grade Gasoline and 

Intermediate-Grade Gasoline.

Predictive Mean Matching: A model-based procedure used to impute for item nonresponse. This method uses 

logistic models to compute predicted means that are used to statistically match each nonrespondent to a respondent with 

the closest predicted mean. The respondent's value is directly imputed to the nonrespondent.

Price: The dollar amount per gallon of fuel purchased. For the 1994 RTECS, fuel prices were not collected directly 

from the respondent. Instead fuel prices were estimated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Retail Pump Price Survey 

and from the Lundberg Survey Inc. Prices

Primary Sampling Unit (PSU): A sampling unit selected at the first stage in multistage area probability sampling. 

A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous counties—for example, a metropolitan area with surrounding 

suburban counties. The approximately 3,100 counties and independent cities of the contiguous United States were 

grouped into about 1,800 PSUs by a procedure similar to the one used by the Census Bureau for its Current Population 

Survey. PSUs can be composed of one or more MSAs or can be composed of rural counties.

PSU: See Primary Sampling Unit.

Quadrillion: The number 1,000,000,000,000,000 or 10 15 .

Ratio Estimate: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, "average miles traveled per vehicle" 

is the ratio of total miles driven by all vehicles, over the total number of vehicles, within any subgroup or "table cell." 

In this report, there are two types of ratio estimates: those computed using aggregates for vehicles and those computed 

using aggregates for households. See Mean.

Rear-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

RECS: See Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS).

Regression Imputation: A statistical technique for predicting the value of a numerical variable that is missing. The 

technique involves developing a regression equation that predicts the value of the missing variable based upon 

variables that are not missing or have already been imputed.

Regular-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a lower octane rating (approximately 87) than other 

grades. Octane boosters are added to gasoline to control engine preignition or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. 

See Intermediate-Grade Gasoline and Premium-Grade Gasoline.

Relative Standard Error: See RSE (Relative Standard Error).

Residential: Occupied housing units, including mobile homes, single-family housing units (attached and detached), 

and apartments. The definition of "occupied housing units" is the same as that used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. 

See Household and Housing Unit.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS): A national multistage probability sample survey conducted by 

the Energy End Use Division of the Energy Information Administration. The RECS provides baseline information on 

how households in the United States use energy. The RTECS sample is a subset of the RECS. Household demographic 

characteristics reported in the RTECS publication are collected during the RECS personal interview.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 115
RSE (Relative Standard Error): A measure of the reliability or precision of a survey statistic. Variability occurs 

in survey statistics because the different samples that could be drawn would each produce different values for the 

survey statistics. The RSE is a measure of precision on a percentage scale. The RSE is defined as the standard error 

of a survey estimate, divided by the survey estimate and multiplied by 100. (Standard error is the square root of the 

variance.) For example, an RSE of 50 percent means that the standard error is half as large as the survey estimate.

RSE Column Factor: An adjustment factor that appears above each column of the tables and is used to compute 

RSEs. For a survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE 

is obtained by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that cell. See RSE and RSE Row Factor.

RSE Row Factor: A factor that appears to the right of each row of the tables, and is used to compute RSE's. For a 

survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE is obtained 

by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that particular cell. The row factor is equal to the 

geometric mean of the RSE's in a particular row of the tables. See RSE and RSE Column Factor

Rural: Households not located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management 

and Budget for 1993. See Metropolitan Statistical Area and Urban Status.

Sampling: The procedure used to select housing units for interview from the population of residential housing units 

in the United States. See Multistage Area Probability Sample.

Self-Service or Mini-Service: See Type of Primary Service. 

Shortfall: See Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall.

Sport-Utility Vehicle: Includes light trucks that are similar to jeeps. Other common terms for these vehicles are sportutility, special purpose, utility or off-the-road vehicles. They may have a four- or two-wheel drive. See Vehicle.

Suburban: Those parts of the MSA that are not designated as central city. Suburban areas are referred to as "outside 

central city." See Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Transmission Type: The householder was asked if each vehicle had an automatic or manual shift transmission. The 

transmission is the part of a vehicle that transmits motive force from the engine to the wheels, usually by means of gears 

for different speeds using either a hydraulic "torque-converter" (automatic) or clutch assembly (manual). On front 

wheel drive cars, the transmission is often called a "transaxle." Fuel economy is usually higher with manual 

transmissions than automatic transmissions, although newer automatic transmissions are narrowing the difference.

Transportation Energy Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Combined Household Energy 

Expenditures.

Type of Drive: Refers to which wheels the engine power is delivered to, the so-called "drive wheels." Rear-wheel 

drive, has drive wheels on the rear of the vehicle. Front-wheel drive, a newer technology, has drive wheels on the front 

of the vehicle. Four-wheel drive uses all four wheels as drive wheels, and is found mostly on sport-utility vehicles and 

trucks, though it is becoming increasingly more common on station wagons and vans.

Type of Fuel System: See Carburetor, Fuel-Injection, and Diesel Fuel Systems.

Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased: The predominant type of fuel purchased during 1994. Data categories are leaded 

and unleaded gasoline, diesel motor fuel, and "other" which includes propane and gasohol. See Gasoline, Gasohol, 

Unleaded Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular-Grade Gasoline, Intermediate-Grade Gasoline, and PremiumGrade Gasoline.

116 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
alternative levels for defining poverty. The definitions of "poor" are based on the number of family members in the 

household and the income of the entire family.

Premium-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a high octane rating, (approximately 92) designed 

to minimize preignition or engine "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. See Regular-Grade Gasoline and 

Intermediate-Grade Gasoline.

Predictive Mean Matching: A model-based procedure used to impute for item nonresponse. This method uses 

logistic models to compute predicted means that are used to statistically match each nonrespondent to a respondent with 

the closest predicted mean. The respondent's value is directly imputed to the nonrespondent.

Price: The dollar amount per gallon of fuel purchased. For the 1994 RTECS, fuel prices were not collected directly 

from the respondent. Instead fuel prices were estimated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Retail Pump Price Survey 

and from the Lundberg Survey Inc. Prices

Primary Sampling Unit (PSU): A sampling unit selected at the first stage in multistage area probability sampling. 

A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous counties~for example, a metropolitan area with surrounding 

suburban counties. The approximately 3,100 counties and independent cities of the contiguous United States were 

grouped into about 1,800 PSUs by a procedure similar to the one used by the Census Bureau for its Current Population 

Survey. PSUs can be composed of one or more MSAs or can be composed of rural counties.

PSU: See Primary Sampling Unit.

Quadrillion: The number 1,000,000,000,000,000 or 1015 .

Ratio Estimate: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, "average miles traveled per vehicle" 

is the ratio of total miles driven by all vehicles, over the total number of vehicles, within any subgroup or "table cell." 

In this report, there are two types of ratio estimates: those computed using aggregates for vehicles and those computed 

using aggregates for households. See Mean.

Rear-Wheel Drive: See Type of Drive.

RECS: See Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS).

Regression Imputation: A statistical technique for predicting the value of a numerical variable that is missing. The 

technique involves developing a regression equation that predicts the value of the missing variable based upon 

variables that are not missing or have already been imputed.

Regular-Grade Gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a lower octane rating (approximately 87) than other 

grades. Octane boosters are added to gasoline to control engine preignition or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. 

See Intermediate-Grade Gasoline and Premium-Grade Gasoline.

Relative Standard Error: See RSE (Relative Standard Error).

Residential: Occupied housing units, including mobile homes, single-family housing units (attached and detached), 

and apartments. The definition of "occupied housing units" is the same as that used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. 

See Household and Housing Unit.

Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS): A national multistage probability sample survey conducted by 

the Energy End Use Division of the Energy Information Administration. The RECS provides baseline information on 

how households in the United States use energy. The RTECS sample is a subset of the RECS. Household demographic 

characteristics reported in the RTECS publication are collected during the RECS personal interview.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 115
RSE (Relative Standard Error): A measure of the reliability or precision of a survey statistic. Variability occurs 

in survey statistics because the different samples that could be drawn would each produce different values for the 

survey statistics. The RSE is a measure of precision on a percentage scale. The RSE is defined as the standard error 

of a survey estimate, divided by the survey estimate and multiplied by 100. (Standard error is the square root of the 

variance.) For example, an RSE of 50 percent means that the standard error is half as large as the survey estimate.

RSE Column Factor: An adjustment factor that appears above each column of the tables and is used to compute 

RSEs. For a survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE 

is obtained by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that cell. See RSE and RSE Row Factor.

RSE Row Factor: A factor that appears to the right of each row of the tables, and is used to compute RSE's. For a 

survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE is obtained 

by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that particular cell. The row factor is equal to the 

geometric mean of the RSE's in a particular row of the tables. See RSE and RSE Column Factor

Rural: Households not located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management 

and Budget for 1993. See Metropolitan Statistical Area and Urban Status.

Sampling: The procedure used to select housing units for interview from the population of residential housing units 

in the United States. See Multistage Area Probability Sample.

Self-Service or Mini-Service: See Type of Primary Service. 

Shortfall: See Miles-per-Gallon (mpg) Shortfall.

Sport-Utility Vehicle: Includes light trucks that are similar to jeeps. Other common terms for these vehicles are sportutility, special purpose, utility or off-the-road vehicles. They may have a four- or two-wheel drive. See Vehicle.

Suburban: Those parts of the MSA that are not designated as central city. Suburban areas are referred to as "outside 

central city." See Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Transmission Type: The householder was asked if each vehicle had an automatic or manual shift transmission. The 

transmission is the part of a vehicle that transmits motive force from the engine to the wheels, usually by means of gears 

for different speeds using either a hydraulic "torque-converter" (automatic) or clutch assembly (manual). On front 

wheel drive cars, the transmission is often called a "transaxle." Fuel economy is usually higher with manual 

transmissions than automatic transmissions, although newer automatic transmissions are narrowing the difference.

Transportation Energy Expenditures: See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Combined Household Energy 

Expenditures.

Type of Drive: Refers to which wheels the engine power is delivered to, the so-called "drive wheels." Rear-wheel 

drive, has drive wheels on the rear of the vehicle. Front-wheel drive, a newer technology, has drive wheels on the front 

of the vehicle. Four-wheel drive uses all four wheels as drive wheels, and is found mostly on sport-utility vehicles and 

trucks, though it is becoming increasingly more common on station wagons and vans.

Type of Fuel System: See Carburetor, Fuel-Injection, and Diesel Fuel Systems.

Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased: The predominant type of fuel purchased during 1994. Data categories are leaded 

and unleaded gasoline, diesel motor fuel, and "other" which includes propane and gasohol. See Gasoline, Gasohol, 

Unleaded Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular-Grade Gasoline, Intermediate-Grade Gasoline, and PremiumGrade Gasoline.

116 Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994
Type of Primary Service: The dominant type of service the respondent uses at the service station. Response 

categories include "full-service pumps," "self- or mini-service pumps," or "both equally." Mini-service is provided 

when attendants pump the vehicle fuel but do not provide any other service, such as checking the tire pressure.

Urban: Urban refers to a group of households located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MS As) as defined by the 

U.S. Office of Management and Budget in 1993. For this report, urban is composed of central city and suburban areas. 

An MS A is (1) a county or group of contiguous counties that contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, 

or (2) an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New 

England). The contiguous counties are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially 

metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, MSAs 

consist of towns and cities rather than counties. (See Central City, Suburban, and Rural.)

Unleaded Gasoline: Contains not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of 

phosphorus per gallon. Premium, regular and intermediate grades are included, depending on the octane rating. See 

Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular-Grade Gasoline, Intermediate-Grade Gasoline, and Premium-Grade 

Gasoline.

Van: Includes large vans. Generally, the distinction between large vans and minivans is made by the respondents' 

answers to "Type of Vehicle" question. Exceptions were: (1) Volkswagen vans were categorized as minivans, and 

(2) all other pre-1983 vans were categorized as vans.

Vehicle: For the RTECS, vehicles were any motorized vehicles used by U.S. households for personal transportation. 

Excluded were: motorcycles, mopeds, large trucks, and buses. Included were: automobiles, station wagons, passenger 

vans, cargo vans, motor homes, pickup trucks, and sport-utility or similar vehicles. In order to be included, vehicles 

must be: (1) owned by members of the household; (2) company cars not owned by household members but regularly 

available to household members for their personal use and are ordinarily kept at home; or (3) rented or leased for 1 

month or more. See Vehicle Stock, Vehicles Used on the Job, Automobile, Minivans, Vans, Pickup Trucks, and 

Sport-Utility Vehicles.

Vehicle Acquisition: The number of vehicles a household acquires or obtains during the RTECS survey year. The 

average number of vehicles in the stock is computed using these data. See Vehicle Disposition.

Vehicle Disposition: The number of vehicles a household disposes of during the RTECS survey year. Disposed 

vehicles include those sold, traded, or the owner moved out of the household. The average number of vehicles in the 

stock is computed using these data. See Vehicle Acquisition.

Vehicle Fuel Consumption: Vehicle fuel consumption is computed as the vehicle-miles traveled divided by the fuel 

economy reported in miles per gallon (mpg). For the 1994 RTECS, vehicle fuel consumption was derived from the 

actual vehicle mileage collected in the RTECS and the assigned mpg values were obtained from the EPA certification 

files and adjusted for on-road driving.

Vehicle Fuel Economy: See Miles per Gallon (mpg).

Vehicle Fuel Expenditures: The cost, including taxes, of the gasoline, gasohol or diesel fuel added to the vehicle's 

tank. Expenditures do not include the cost of oil or other items that may have been purchased at the same time as the 

vehicle fuel.

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN): A set of codes, usually alpha-numeric characters, assigned to a vehicle at the 

factory and inscribed on the vehicle. When decoded, the VIN provides vehicle characteristics. The VIN was used in 

the 1994 RTECS to help match vehicles to the EPA certification file for calculating miles-per-gallon values. See 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certification Files.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 117
Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT): The number of miles traveled nationally by the RTECS vehicles for a period of 1 year. In the RTECS, VMT were either calculated using two odometer readings or, for vehicles with less than two odometer readings, imputed using a regression estimate. See Average Vehicle-Miles Traveled.

Vehicle Stock: The number of vehicles owned or used by a household for personal transportation. In the RTECS, with the exception of the statistics reported as of July 1994, a vehicle was defined in terms of a "vehicle year." If a vehicle was present in a household for the entire year, it was counted as one vehicle. If a vehicle was present in a household for one-half of the year, it was counted as only one-half of a vehicle. Therefore, the number of vehicles a sample household was considered as having during the survey year was computed as the days of possession summed over all vehicles in the household, divided by 366 days (1994 was a leap year). See Average Number of Vehicles and Vehicles.

Vehicle Used on the Job: A vehicle used by anyone in the household for job-related activities, excluding commuting to and from work. These vehicles are included in the RTECS. See Vehicle.

VIN: See Vehicle Identification Number. 

VMT: See Vehicle-Miles Traveled.

Energy Information Administration/Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 417-839/60010
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Publication Order Form

Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994

Published: August 1997

Energy Information Administration

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Household Vehicles Energy Consumption 1994 presents statistics about energy-related characteristics of highway vehicles available for personal use by members of U.S. households. The data were collected in the 1994 Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey and covered household and vehicle characteristics, vehicle-miles traveled, and vehicle-fuel consumption and costs.

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