I 

116TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 8433 

To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, and for other 

purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SEPTEMBER 29, 2020 

Mr. QUIGLEY (for himself and Mr. UPTON) introduced the following bill; 

which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 

to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Financial Services, the Judiciary, Natural Resources, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of 

such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, 

and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Preventing Future 

5 Pandemics Act of 2020’’. 

6 SEC. 2. WILDLIFE MARKET DEFINED. 

7 In this Act, the term ‘‘wildlife market’’— 

8 (1) means a commercial market that— 


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1 (A) sells or slaughters terrestrial, including 

2 avian, wildlife for human consumption as food 

3 or medicine, whether the animals originated in 

4 the wild or in a captive environment; and 

5 (B) delivers a product in communities 

6 where alternative nutritional or protein sources 

7 are available; and 

8 (2) does not include markets in areas where no 

9 other practical alternative sources of protein or meat 

10 exists, such as wildlife markets in rural areas on 

11 which indigenous people rely to feed themselves and 

12 their families. 

13 SEC. 3. STUDY ON RISK OF WILDLIFE MARKETS ON THE 

14 EMERGENCE OF NOVEL VIRAL PATHOGENS. 

15 Not later than 30 days after the date of the enact16 ment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human 

17 Services shall seek to enter into an agreement with the 

18 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medi19 cine under which the National Academies of Sciences, En20 gineering, and Medicine agrees to— 

21 (1) conduct a study to evaluate— 

22 (A) the impact of physical proximity and 

23 consumption of terrestrial wildlife as food or 

24 medicine on the emergence of viral and other 

25 microbial pathogens; 


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1 (B) the impact of consumption of terres2 trial wildlife as food or medicine on the trans3 mission of novel viral and other microbial 

4 pathogens; 

5 (C) the role consumption of terrestrial 

6 wildlife as food or medicine has on the trans7 mission of microbes from animals to humans; 

8 and 

9 (D) the conditions at live wildlife markets 

10 that lead to transmission of zoonotic diseases; 

11 and 

12 (2) not later than one year after the date of 

13 such agreement, submit a report to the Committee 

14 on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the 

15 Senate and the Committee on Energy and Com16 merce of the House of Representatives on the find17 ings of the study described in paragraph (1). 

18 SEC. 4. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. 

19 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con20 gress that global institutions, including the Food and Ag21 riculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the 

22 World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and the 

23 World Health Organization (WHO), together with leading 

24 nongovernmental organizations, veterinary colleges, and 

25 the United States Agency for International Development 


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1 (USAID), should promote the paradigm of One Health— 

2 the integration of human health, animal health, agri3 culture, ecosystems, and the environment as an effective 

4 and integrated way to address the complexity of emerging 

5 disease threats. 

6 (b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

7 United States to facilitate international cooperation by 

8 working with international partners and through intergov9 ernmental, international, and nongovernmental organiza10 tions such as the United Nations to— 

11 (1) lead a resolution at the United Nations Se12 curity Council or General Assembly and World 

13 Health Assembly outlining the danger to human and 

14 animal health from emerging zoonotic infectious dis15 eases, with recommendations for implementing the 

16 worldwide closure of wildlife markets and the ending 

17 of the associated commercial trade of terrestrial 

18 wildlife that feed and supply those markets, except 

19 for in such countries or regions where the consump20 tion of wildlife is necessary for local food security or 

21 where such actions would significantly disrupt a 

22 readily available and irreplaceable food supply; 

23 (2) work with governments through existing 

24 treaties and the United Nations to develop a new 

25 protocol or agreement, and amend existing protocols 


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1 or agreements, regarding stopping deforestation and 

2 other ecosystem destruction, closing commercial 

3 wildlife markets for human consumption, and end 

4 the associated commercial trade of terrestrial wildlife 

5 that feed and supply those markets while ensuring 

6 full consideration to the needs and rights of indige7 nous peoples and local communities that are depend8 ent on wildlife for their food security, national sov9 ereignty, and local laws and customs; 

10 (3) disrupt and ultimately end the commercial 

11 international trade in terrestrial wildlife associated 

12 with wildlife markets and eliminate commercial wild13 life markets; 

14 (4) disrupt and ultimately eliminate wildlife 

15 trafficking associated with the operation of wildlife 

16 markets; 

17 (5) raise awareness on the dangerous potential 

18 of wildlife markets as a source of zoonotic diseases 

19 such as the novel coronavirus that causes the disease 

20 COVID–19 and reduce demand for the consumption 

21 of wildlife through evidence-based behavior change 

22 programs while ensuring that existing wildlife habi23 tat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of 

24 this process; 


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1 (6) encourage and support alternate forms of 

2 food production, farming, and shifts to domestic 

3 animal- or plant-source foods instead of terrestrial 

4 wildlife where able and appropriate, and reduce con5 sumer demand for terrestrial wildlife through en6 hanced local and national food systems, especially in 

7 areas where wildlife markets play a significant role 

8 in meeting subsistence needs while ensuring that ex9 isting wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or de10 stroyed as part of this process; and 

11 (7) strive to increase hygienic standards imple12 mented in markets around the globe, especially those 

13 specializing in the sale of products intended for 

14 human consumption. 

15 (c) ACTIVITIES.— 

16 (1) GLOBAL PROHIBITIONS AND ENFORCE17 MENT.—The United States Government, working 

18 through the United Nations and its components, as 

19 well as international organization such as Interpol 

20 and the World Organisation for Animal Health, and 

21 in furtherance of the policies described in subsection 

22 (b), shall— 

23 (A) collaboratively with other member 

24 states, issue declarations, statements, and com25 muniques urging a global ban on commercial 


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1 wildlife markets and trade for human consump2 tion; and 

3 (B) urge increased enforcement of existing 

4 laws to end wildlife trafficking. 

5 (2) INTERNATIONAL COALITIONS.—The Sec6 retary of State shall seek to build international coali7 tions focused on ending commercial wildlife markets 

8 for human consumption and associated wildlife trade 

9 which feeds and supplies said markets, with a focus 

10 on the following efforts: 

11 (A) Providing assistance and advice to 

12 other governments in the adoption of legislation 

13 and regulations to close wildlife markets and 

14 trade for human consumption. 

15 (B) Creating economic pressure on wildlife 

16 markets and their supply chains to prevent 

17 their operation. 

18 (C) Providing assistance and guidance to 

19 other governments to prohibit the import, ex20 port, and domestic trade of live terrestrial wild21 life for the purpose of human consumption. 

22 (D) Engaging and receiving guidance from 

23 key stakeholders at the ministerial, local gov24 ernment, and civil society level in countries that 

25 will be impacted by this Act and where wildlife 


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1 markets and associated wildlife trafficking is 

2 the predominant source of meat or protein, in 

3 order to mitigate the impact of any inter4 national efforts on local customs, conservation 

5 methods, or cultural norms. 

6 (3) AUTHORIZATION OF IMPOSITION OF SANC7 TIONS.— 

8 (A) FINDING AND REPORT REQUIRED.— 

9 (i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of 

10 State shall submit a report to the Presi11 dent if the Secretary, in consultation with 

12 the Secretary of Health and Human Serv13 ices, the Secretary of the Interior, and the 

14 Administrator of the United States Agency 

15 for International Development, finds 

16 that— 

17 (I) a foreign country— 

18 (aa) continues to license or 

19 enable commercial wildlife mar20 kets; or 

21 (bb) does not enact regula22 tions consistent with subsection 

23 (b) to ultimately eliminate those 

24 markets; or 


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1 (II) nationals of a foreign coun2 try, based on credible evidence, are 

3 trafficking or otherwise moving com4 mercial quantities of wildlife intended 

5 for human consumption. 

6 (ii) MONITORING AND INVESTIGA7 TIONS.—In administering this subpara8 graph, the Secretary of State, in consulta9 tion with the Secretary of Health and 

10 Human Services, the Secretary of the Inte11 rior, and the Administrator of the United 

12 States Agency for International Develop13 ment, shall— 

14 (I) periodically monitor the ac15 tivities of foreign entities described in 

16 clause (i); 

17 (II) promptly investigate any ac18 tivity by foreign entities that, in the 

19 opinion of the Secretary, may be 

20 cause for reporting under clause (i); 

21 and 

22 (III) promptly conclude, and 

23 reach a decision with respect to, any 

24 investigation commenced under sub25 clause (II). 


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1 (iii) TRANSMISSION TO CONGRESS.— 

2 Not later than 15 days after submitting a 

3 report to the President under clause (i), 

4 Secretary of State shall transmit the re5 port to Congress. 

6 (B) PENALTIES.—After receiving a report 

7 under subparagraph (A)(i) with respect to a 

8 country, the President may impose such eco9 nomic, diplomatic, or other penalties as the 

10 President considers appropriate with respect to 

11 that country or nationals of that country, in12 cluding the following: 

13 (i) PROHIBITION ON IMPORTATION.— 

14 The President may direct the Secretary of 

15 the Treasury to prohibit the importation 

16 into the United States of any articles from 

17 the country for such period of time as the 

18 President determines appropriate and to 

19 the extent that such prohibition is per20 mitted by the World Trade Organization 

21 (as defined in section 2(8) of the Uruguay 

22 Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 

23 3501(8))) or pursuant to the multilateral 

24 trade agreements (as defined in section 


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1 2(4) of the Uruguay Round Agreements 

2 Act (19 U.S.C. 3501(4))). 

3 (ii) EXCLUSION FROM UNITED

4 STATES.— 

5 (I) IN GENERAL.—The President 

6 may direct the Secretary of State to 

7 deny a visa to, and the Secretary of 

8 Homeland Security to exclude from 

9 the United States, any national of the 

10 country described in subparagraph 

11 (A)(II). 

12 (II) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY

13 WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS

14 AND FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVI15 TIES.—Subclause (I) shall not apply 

16 with respect to an individual if admit17 ting or paroling the individual into the 

18 United States is necessary— 

19 (aa) to permit the United 

20 States to comply with the Agree21 ment regarding the Headquarters 

22 of the United Nations, signed at 

23 Lake Success June 26, 1947, 

24 and entered into force November 

25 21, 1947, between the United 


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1 Nations and the United States, 

2 or other applicable international 

3 obligations; or 

4 (bb) to carry out or assist 

5 law enforcement activity in the 

6 United States. 

7 (iii) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—The 

8 President may exercise all of the powers 

9 granted to the President under the Inter10 national Emergency Economic Powers Act 

11 (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent nec12 essary to block and prohibit all trans13 actions in property and interests in prop14 erty of any national of the country de15 scribed in subparagraph (A)(II), if such 

16 property and interests in property are in 

17 the United States, come within the United 

18 States, or are or come within the posses19 sion or control of a United States person. 

20 (iv) PREVENTION OF ACCESS TO

21 INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT CHANNELS.— 

22 The President may work with international 

23 partners to prevent access to the Society 

24 for Worldwide Interbank Financial Tele25 communications (commonly known as 


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1 ‘‘SWIFT’’) network and other payment 

2 channels by any national of the country de3 scribed in subparagraph (A)(II). 

4 (C) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not 

5 later than 60 days after receiving a report 

6 under subparagraph (A)(i) with respect to a 

7 country— 

8 (i) the President shall notify Congress 

9 of any action taken by the President pur10 suant to the report; and 

11 (ii) if the President decides not to di12 rect the Secretary of the Treasury to pro13 hibit the importation of terrestrial wildlife 

14 from the country, or directs the Secretary 

15 to prohibit the importation of less than all 

16 fish, wildlife, or related articles of the 

17 country, the President shall include in the 

18 notification required by clause (i) a state19 ment of the reasons for that decision. 

20 (D) PERIODIC REVIEW AND TERMI21 NATION.— 

22 (i) PERIODIC REVIEW.—After submit23 ting a report to the President under sub24 paragraph (A)(i) with respect to a country, 

25 the Secretary of State, in consultation with 


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1 the Secretary of Health and Human Serv2 ices, the Secretary of the Interior, and the 

3 Administrator of the United States Agency 

4 for International Development, shall peri5 odically, but not less frequently than every 

6 2 years, review the actions of the country 

7 and nationals of the country to determine 

8 if the reasons for the finding of the Sec9 retary under that subparagraph still exist. 

10 (ii) TERMINATION.—Upon making a 

11 determination under clause (i) that the 

12 reasons for a finding under subparagraph 

13 (A)(i) with respect to a country no longer 

14 exist, the Secretary of State shall publish 

15 in the Federal Register notice of the deter16 mination and a statement of the facts on 

17 which the determination is based. 

18 (d) UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL

19 DEVELOPMENT.— 

20 (1) SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS FUNDING.— 

21 (A) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIA22 TIONS.—In addition to any other amounts pro23 vided for such purposes, there is authorized to 

24 be appropriated $300,000,000 for each fiscal 

25 year from 2021 through 2030 to the United 


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1 States Agency for International Development to 

2 reduce demand for consumption of wildlife from 

3 wildlife markets and support shifts to diversi4 fied alternative sources of food and protein in 

5 communities that rely upon the consumption of 

6 wildlife for food security while ensuring that ex7 isting wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or 

8 destroyed as part of this process. 

9 (B) ACTIVITIES.—The Bureau for Eco10 nomic Growth, Education, and Environment, 

11 the Bureau for Resilience and Food Security, 

12 and the Bureau for Global Health of the United 

13 States Agency for International Development 

14 shall, in partnership with United States institu15 tions of higher education and nongovernmental 

16 organizations, co-develop approaches focused on 

17 safe, sustainable food systems that support and 

18 incentivize the replacement of terrestrial wildlife 

19 in diets while ensuring that existing wildlife 

20 habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as 

21 part of this process. 

22 (2) ADDRESSING THREATS AND CAUSES OF

23 ZOONOTIC DISEASE OUTBREAKS.—The Adminis24 trator of the United States Agency for International 

25 Development shall increase activities in USAID proVerDate Sep 11 2014 20:34 Oct 24, 2020 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H8433.IH H8433

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1 grams related to biodiversity, wildlife trafficking, 

2 sustainable landscape, global health, food security, 

3 and resilience in order to address the threats and 

4 causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks, including 

5 through— 

6 (A) education; 

7 (B) capacity building; 

8 (C) strengthening human health surveil9 lance systems for emergence of zoonotic disease, 

10 and strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration 

11 to align risk reduction approaches; 

12 (D) improved domestic and wild animal 

13 disease surveillance and control at production 

14 and market levels; 

15 (E) development of alternative livelihood 

16 opportunities where possible; 

17 (F) conservation of intact ecosystems and 

18 reduction of fragmentation and conversion of 

19 natural habitats to prevent the creation of new 

20 pathways for zoonotic disease transmission; 

21 (G) minimizing interactions between do22 mestic livestock and wild animals in markets 

23 and captive production; and 

24 (H) supporting shifts from wildlife markets 

25 to diversified, safe, affordable, and accessible 


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1 protein such as domestic animal- and plant2 source foods through enhanced local and na3 tional food systems while ensuring that existing 

4 wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or de5 stroyed as part of this process. 

6 (3) IMMEDIATE RELIEF FUNDING TO STABILIZE

7 PROTECTED AREAS.—The Administrator of the 

8 United States Agency for International Development 

9 shall administer immediate relief funding to stabilize 

10 protected areas and conservancies. 

11 (e) STAFFING REQUIREMENTS.— 

12 (1) OFFICE OF TERRORISM AND FINANCIAL IN13 TELLIGENCE.—The Under Secretary of the Treas14 ury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence is en15 couraged to hire additional investigators to bolster 

16 capacity for investigations and sanctions focused on 

17 individuals engaged in the activities described in 

18 subsection (c)(3)(A). 

19 (2) UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTER20 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.—The Administrator of 

21 the United States Agency for International Develop22 ment, in collaboration with the United States Fish 

23 and Wildlife Service, the United States Department 

24 of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection 


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1 Service, and other Federal entities as appropriate, is 

2 authorized to hire additional personnel— 

3 (A) to undertake programs aimed at reduc4 ing the risks of endemic and emerging infec5 tious diseases and exposure to antimicrobial re6 sistant pathogens; 

7 (B) to provide administrative support and 

8 resources to ensure effective and efficient co9 ordination of funding opportunities and sharing 

10 of expertise from relevant USAID bureaus and 

11 programs, including emerging pandemic 

12 threats; 

13 (C) to award funding to on-the-ground 

14 projects; 

15 (D) to provide project oversight to ensure 

16 accountability and transparency in all phases of 

17 the award process; and 

18 (E) to undertake additional activities 

19 under this Act. 

20 (f) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 

21 (1) DEPARTMENT OF STATE.—Not later than 

22 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 

23 and annually thereafter until 2030, the Secretary of 

24 State shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

25 committees a report describing— 


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1 (A) the actions taken pursuant to this Act; 

2 (B) the impact and effectiveness of inter3 national cooperation on ending the use and op4 eration of wildlife markets; 

5 (C) the impact and effectiveness of inter6 national cooperation on ending wildlife traf7 ficking associated with wildlife markets; and 

8 (D) the impact and effectiveness of inter9 national cooperation on ending the international 

10 trade in live terrestrial wildlife for human con11 sumption as food or medicine. 

12 (2) UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTER13 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.—Not later than 180 days 

14 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Ad15 ministrator of the United States Agency for Inter16 national Development shall submit to the appro17 priate congressional committees a report— 

18 (A) describing the actions taken pursuant 

19 to this Act; 

20 (B) describing the impact and effectiveness 

21 of reducing demand for consumption of wildlife 

22 and associated wildlife markets; 

23 (C) summarizing additional personnel 

24 hired with funding authorized under this Act, 

25 including the number hired in each bureau; and 


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1 (D) describing partnerships developed with 

2 other institutions of higher learning and non3 governmental organizations. 

4 SEC. 5. PROHIBITION OF IMPORT, EXPORT, AND SALE OF 

5 CERTAIN LIVE WILD ANIMALS FOR HUMAN 

6 CONSUMPTION. 

7 (a) PROHIBITION.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 3 of title 18, United 

9 States Code, is amended by inserting after section 

10 43 the following: 

11 ‘‘§ 44. Prohibition of import, export, and sale of cer12 tain live wild animals for human con13 sumption 

14 ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

15 ‘‘(1) the phrase ‘human consumption’ shall in16 clude all consumption as food or medicine except 

17 consumption that is incidental to lawful hunting ac18 tivity; 

19 ‘‘(2) the term ‘live wild animal’ means a live 

20 wild mammal, bird, reptile, or amphibian, whether 

21 or not bred, hatched, or born in captivity with the 

22 exception of ruminants; and 

23 ‘‘(3) the term ‘wild’ has the meaning given that 

24 term in section 42. 


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1 ‘‘(b) PROHIBITIONS.—It shall be unlawful for any 

2 person— 

3 ‘‘(1) to import or export any live wild animal 

4 for human consumption as food or medicine; 

5 ‘‘(2) to sell or purchase for human consumption 

6 as food or medicine a live wild animal, including 

7 through sale or purchase at a live animal market; or 

8 ‘‘(3) to attempt to commit any act described in 

9 paragraph (1) or (2). 

10 ‘‘(c) PENALTIES.— 

11 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any person who knowingly 

12 violates subsection (b) shall be fined not more than 

13 $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or 

14 both. 

15 ‘‘(2) MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS.—Each violation of 

16 subsection (b) shall constitute a separate offense. 

17 ‘‘(3) VENUE.—A violation of subsection (b) may 

18 be prosecuted in the judicial district in which the 

19 violation first occurred and any judicial district in 

20 which the defendant sold the live wild animal.’’. 

21 (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 

22 sections for chapter 3 of title 18, United States 

23 Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating 

24 to section 43 the following: 

‘‘44. Prohibition of import, export, and sale of certain live wild animals for 

human consumption.’’. 


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1 (b) FUNDING.—There is authorized to be appro2 priated to carry out section 44 of title 18, United States 

3 Code, as added by subsection (a), $35,000,000 for each 

4 of fiscal years 2021 through 2030. 

5 SEC. 6. LAW ENFORCEMENT ATTACHE ́ DEPLOYMENT. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Beginning in fiscal year 2021, the 

7 Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of 

8 the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, in consulta9 tion with the Secretary of State, shall require the Chief 

10 of Law Enforcement of the United States Fish and Wild11 life Service to hire, train, and deploy not fewer than 50 

12 new United States Fish and Wildlife Service law enforce13 ment attache ́s, and appropriate additional support staff, 

14 at one or more United States embassies, consulates, com15 mands, or other facilities— 

16 (1) in one or more countries designated as a 

17 focus country or a country of concern in the most 

18 recent report submitted under section 201 of the 

19 Eliminate, Neutralize, and Disrupt Wildlife Traf20 ficking Act of 2016 (16 U.S.C. 7621); and 

21 (2) in such additional countries or regions, as 

22 determined by the Secretary of Interior, that are 

23 known or suspected to be a source of illegal trade of 

24 species listed— 


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1 (A) as threatened species or endangered 

2 species under the Endangered Species Act of 

3 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); or 

4 (B) under appendix I of the Convention on 

5 International Trade in Endangered Species of 

6 Wild Fauna and Flora, done at Washington 

7 March 3, 1973 (27 UST 1087; TIAS 8249). 

8 (b) FUNDING.—There is authorized to be appro9 priated to carry out this section $150,000,000 for each 

10 of fiscal years 2021 through 2030. 

Æ 


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