All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 54,994 37,785 15,596 1,613 12,343 1,797 3,391 7,156

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 6,189 4,040 1,686 463 585 Q Q 467

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,466 5,179 1,827 Q 772 Q Q 509

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,655 6,736 2,656 264 1,498 177 233 1,088

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 7,264 4,577 2,496 Q 2,047 Q 732 1,200

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 7,571 4,723 2,775 Q 2,541 Q 732 1,487

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 6,509 4,097 2,374 Q 1,762 256 442 1,064

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 5,229 3,924 1,190 Q 1,622 Q 610 902

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 5,112 4,509 592 Q 1,516 641 Q Q

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 3,207 2,833 373 N 5,444 Q 1,712 3,655

Food Sales .................................................. 994 990 705 284 N Q N N Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,763 1,362 401 N Q Q Q Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,468 2,087 380 N 450 Q Q 243

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,489 1,423 Q N 376 Q Q Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 979 664 315 N Q Q Q Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,100 3,614 486 N 421 Q 219 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 10,380 5,308 5,031 Q Q N Q Q

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,757 2,729 1,986 Q Q N N Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,624 2,579 3,045 N Q N Q N

Office ........................................................... 12,044 10,482 7,435 3,047 N 1,562 600 380 582

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 2,775 2,321 411 Q 1,618 Q 461 980

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 Q Q Q N 1,013 Q 226 779

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,405 3,349 Q N N N N N

Service ........................................................ 3,388 2,532 1,710 822 N 856 297 Q 384

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 9,901 5,821 3,693 Q 576 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,082 773 310 N 139 Q Q Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 1,754 Q Q 1,143 Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,456 2,479 728 Q 579 Q Q 293

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 4,812 3,575 1,081 Q 1,633 Q 447 993

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 7,053 4,879 1,737 437 2,074 532 632 910

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 8,122 5,495 2,419 Q 2,745 364 742 1,639

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 9,907 6,795 2,960 Q 1,933 Q 599 1,174

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,507 8,364 3,855 Q 1,424 Q 315 990

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 9,138 6,198 2,817 Q 1,956 243 554 1,158

Floors

One .............................................................. 26,800 22,775 12,499 9,308 969 4,025 376 995 2,654

Two .............................................................. 16,985 14,366 10,848 3,256 262 2,619 235 538 1,846

Three ........................................................... 8,928 6,902 5,387 1,274 Q 2,026 207 665 1,154

Four to Nine ................................................. 10,180 7,201 5,979 1,134 Q 2,979 640 1,039 1,300

Ten or More ................................................. 4,445 3,750 3,073 623 Q 695 339 153 Q

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 9,542 7,143 2,286 Q 2,818 394 683 1,741

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 13,896 9,990 3,427 479 2,865 318 961 1,586

South ........................................................... 23,485 19,745 13,228 5,881 636 3,740 549 919 2,273

West ............................................................ 14,731 11,810 7,424 4,001 385 2,921 537 828 1,556

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 49
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 12,950 8,848 2,488 1,613 1,371 Q 263 946

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 5,432 3,765 1,667 N 893 Q 257 508

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 6,947 5,172 1,774 N 1,081 Q 300 683

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 8,480 5,390 3,090 N 2,334 288 573 1,473

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 6,431 3,470 2,961 N 2,467 Q 739 1,638

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 6,358 4,375 1,983 N 1,998 246 701 1,051

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 8,398 6,766 1,632 N 2,198 783 556 858

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 5,563 3,438 512 1,613 1,033 Q Q 849

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 9,889 6,718 3,171 N 3,216 302 863 2,050

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 11,920 8,103 3,818 N 2,280 372 671 1,236

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 10,671 7,204 3,467 N 1,786 210 538 1,039

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 7,381 4,533 2,849 N 1,734 Q 435 1,128

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 9,569 7,789 1,780 N 2,294 631 808 855

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 953 922 N N 922 Q N N Q

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 956 832 Q Q 221 Q Q Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 15,520 13,410 8,450 4,490 Q 2,111 277 730 1,103

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 49,910 39,831 29,012 10,819 N 10,078 1,444 2,652 5,983

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 43,343 33,290 25,947 7,343 N 10,053 1,373 2,818 5,862

2 to 5 ............................................................ 10,582 9,077 5,371 3,706 N 1,505 332 307 865

6 to 10 .......................................................... 3,574 3,369 1,699 1,670 N 205 Q Q Q

11 to 20 ........................................................ 3,260 3,097 1,336 1,761 N Q Q Q Q

More than 20 ............................................... 4,811 4,549 3,433 1,116 N Q Q Q Q

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 1,769 1,613 N N 1,613 Q Q Q Q

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 35,892 24,040 10,524 1,328 5,396 417 1,140 3,839

College or University ................................... 2,605 1,653 1,562 Q Q 952 Q 835 Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 1,091 1,042 Q Q 2,296 Q 650 1,637

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 3,014 2,035 958 Q 338 Q Q Q

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 3,456 1,547 1,889 Q Q N Q Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,907 1,817 Q N N N N N

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 1,736 1,571 Q Q 604 230 Q 235

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 Q Q Q N 1,498 728 Q 630

Other ............................................................ 7,389 6,230 4,166 1,855 Q 1,160 220 424 515

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 53,640 37,506 15,441 693 12,076 1,711 3,382 6,983

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 37,026 25,597 10,968 461 8,500 997 2,253 5,250

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 9,893 8,284 1,605 Q 3,392 748 822 1,823

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 3,333 2,907 426 N 2,559 827 1,187 546

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 1,560 1,325 Q N 1,190 368 407 415

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 5,305 4,051 1,244 Q 985 Q 286 629

Other ............................................................ 2,322 1,864 1,486 358 Q 458 Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 50
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 49,916 35,287 14,279 349 11,687 1,715 3,318 6,653

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 47,858 33,473 14,013 Q 10,616 1,525 2,962 6,129

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 45,444 31,903 13,158 383 10,670 1,477 3,111 6,082

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 18,531 14,039 4,458 Q 6,150 838 1,535 3,778

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 2,708 1,619 1,089 N Q Q Q Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 8,847 7,264 1,558 Q 3,035 758 907 1,370

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 5,079 2,498 1,317 1,264 657 Q Q 504

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,105 4,711 2,314 Q 488 Q Q 298

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 9,043 6,527 2,504 Q 1,702 317 584 802

100 ............................................................... 43,264 33,768 24,049 9,461 Q 9,496 1,315 2,628 5,553

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 8,864 7,137 4,313 1,583 1,241 1,727 Q 428 1,027

1 to 50 .......................................................... 16,846 13,844 9,562 4,198 Q 3,002 Q 894 1,847

51 to 99 ........................................................ 16,966 13,579 9,718 3,828 Q 3,387 514 1,056 1,816

100 ............................................................... 24,662 20,435 14,193 5,986 Q 4,227 749 1,012 2,466

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 173 173 Q Q N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 9,187 8,569 6,878 1,692 N 618 Q Q 315

51 to 99 ........................................................ 20,665 16,036 11,478 4,558 N 4,629 454 1,441 2,734

100 ............................................................... 34,233 27,659 18,582 9,077 N 6,575 1,058 1,827 3,689

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 3,080 2,558 708 237 1,613 522 Q Q Q

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 7,187 5,195 1,974 Q 1,736 Q 435 1,125

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 13,202 9,424 3,681 Q 1,247 Q 244 844

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 14,235 10,218 3,933 Q 3,114 674 787 1,653

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 3,072 2,695 377 N 2,462 827 1,102 534

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 13,132 11,042 2,041 Q 6,390 588 1,561 4,242

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 22,108 13,998 7,945 Q 3,635 249 1,108 2,279

Other ............................................................ 4,073 3,607 2,828 735 Q 466 Q 202 Q

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 7,313 5,683 1,623 Q 1,016 Q 173 684

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 7,445 5,284 2,143 Q 1,702 Q 354 1,194

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 10,593 8,343 2,046 Q 3,683 623 646 2,414

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 1,560 1,325 Q N 1,190 368 407 415

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 8,984 7,474 1,482 Q 3,926 804 1,260 1,861

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 30,779 20,641 9,842 Q 5,748 728 1,508 3,511

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 1,610 945 665 N 609 Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,145 989 156 N 167 Q Q Q

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 11,270 7,591 3,617 Q 1,950 Q 389 1,483

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 14,186 9,617 4,491 Q 3,204 387 922 1,895

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 51
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 38,156 31,544 23,612 7,849 Q 6,612 937 1,837 3,838

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 60,344 48,959 34,331 14,462 Q 11,385 1,653 3,186 6,547

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 20,666 16,731 13,325 3,377 Q 3,935 679 1,203 2,054

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 19,223 13,702 10,325 3,376 N 5,521 685 1,631 3,206

Halogen ....................................................... 17,926 15,034 11,336 3,668 Q 2,892 411 899 1,582

Other ............................................................ 1,004 823 665 Q N Q Q Q Q

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 9,583 8,678 5,680 1,643 1,354 906 Q Q 683

1 to 4 ............................................................ 13,853 12,564 8,657 3,851 Q 1,288 Q 368 793

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,528 5,864 3,670 2,168 Q 664 Q Q 415

10 to 19 ........................................................ 7,514 6,527 4,232 2,118 Q 987 Q 333 607

20 to 49 ........................................................ 8,087 6,394 4,173 2,221 N 1,693 Q 389 1,063

50 to 99 ........................................................ 5,867 4,208 2,566 1,642 N 1,659 Q 531 1,058

100 to 249 .................................................... 6,818 4,346 3,342 1,004 N 2,472 211 780 1,481

250 or More ................................................. 9,088 6,414 5,467 947 N 2,674 838 780 1,056

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 21,631 18,933 11,799 5,592 1,541 2,698 302 655 1,742

One .............................................................. 12,928 11,141 8,151 2,926 Q 1,787 Q 524 1,077

2 to 4 ............................................................ 15,620 11,904 8,583 3,314 Q 3,716 362 948 2,406

5 to 9 ............................................................ 5,384 3,812 2,341 1,471 N 1,572 Q 455 971

10 or More ................................................... 11,774 9,204 6,912 2,292 N 2,570 802 808 960

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 46,567 36,966 26,002 10,870 Q 9,601 1,588 2,708 5,305

FAX Machines ............................................. 54,764 44,675 30,954 13,591 Q 10,088 1,578 2,706 5,805

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 2,493 2,099 1,845 254 N 394 Q Q 215

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 23,328 17,300 13,104 4,179 Q 6,028 808 1,512 3,708

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 21,793 16,229 12,862 3,350 Q 5,564 644 1,693 3,227

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 31,154 23,284 7,556 314 7,039 987 1,979 4,073

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 24,218 17,092 6,985 Q 5,698 860 1,547 3,291

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 14,961 11,395 3,560 Q 4,425 759 1,422 2,244

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 15,806 11,650 4,140 Q 5,450 1,153 1,738 2,559

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 42,540 30,270 12,105 Q 10,855 1,636 3,135 6,084

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 15,140 11,878 3,252 Q 6,473 1,201 2,060 3,211

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 19,994 15,640 11,384 4,247 Q 4,354 805 1,091 2,458

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 42,035 33,247 23,537 9,680 Q 8,789 1,332 2,501 4,957

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 18,286 14,429 10,683 3,537 Q 3,857 512 1,254 2,091

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 52
All

NongovernmentOwned

 Buildings

Owner 

Occupied

Nonowner 

Occupied Unoccupied

All GovernmentOwned 

Buildings Federal State Local

Table B13. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned and Government Owned Buildings, 

Floorspace, 1999

Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All 

Buildings

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 31,903 22,534 9,112 258 8,066 978 2,012 5,076

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 31,707 21,722 9,679 Q 7,454 871 1,825 4,758

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 41,690 28,512 13,178 N 9,394 1,069 2,521 5,804

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 5,637 4,010 1,627 N 3,426 Q 963 2,339

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 53