[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 54 (Thursday, March 20, 1997)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 13307-13329]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-7035]



[[Page 13307]]

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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

28 CFR Part 100

RIN 1105-AA39


Implementation of Section 109 of the Communications Assistance 
for Law Enforcement Act

AGENCY: Federal Bureau of Investigation, DOJ.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule implements section 109 of the Communications 
Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), which requires the Attorney 
General to establish regulations which set forth the procedures that 
telecommunications carriers must follow in order to receive 
reimbursement under Sections 109 and 104 of CALEA. CALEA requires that 
this rule enable carriers to receive payments in a timely and cost-
efficient manner while minimizing the cost to the Federal Government. 
Specifically, this rule sets forth the means of determining allowable 
costs, reasonable costs, and disallowed costs. Furthermore, it 
establishes the requirements carriers must meet in their submission of 
cost estimates and requests for payment to the Federal Government for 
the disbursement of CALEA funds. In addition, this rule protects the 
confidentiality of trade secrets and proprietary information from 
unnecessary disclosure. Finally, it sets forth the means for 
alternative dispute resolution.

EFFECTIVE DATE: April 21, 1997.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Walter V. Meslar, Unit Chief, Telecommunications Contracts and Audit 
Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation, P.O. Box 221286, Chantilly, VA 
20153-0450, telephone number (703) 814-4900.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

A. General Background

    Recent and continuing advances in telecommunications technology and 
the introduction of new digitally-based services and features have 
impaired the ability of federal, state, and local law enforcement 
agencies to fully and properly conduct various types of court-
authorized electronic surveillance. Therefore, on October 25, 1994, the 
President signed into law the Communications Assistance for Law 
Enforcement Act (CALEA) [Public Law 103-414, 108 Stat. 4279 (1994) 
(codified as amended in scattered sections of 18 U.S.C. and 47 
U.S.C.)]. This law requires telecommunications carriers, as defined in 
CALEA, to ensure law enforcement's ability, pursuant to court order or 
other lawful authorization, to intercept communications regardless of 
advances in telecommunications technology.
    Under CALEA, certain implementation responsibilities are conferred 
upon the Attorney General; the Attorney General has, in turn, delegated 
certain responsibilities set forth in CALEA to the Director, FBI, or 
his designee, pursuant to 28 CFR 0.85(o). The Director, FBI, has 
designated the Telecommunications Industry Liaison Unit of the 
Information Resources Division and the Telecommunications Contracts and 
Audit Unit of the Finance Division to carry out these responsibilities.

Definition of ``Telecommunications Carrier''

    CALEA defines a ``telecommunications carrier'' as any ``person or 
entity engaged in the transmission or switching of wire or electronic 
communications as a common carrier for hire'' (section 102(8)(A)), and 
includes any ``person or entity engaged in providing commercial mobile 
service, (as defined in section 332(d) of the Communications Act of 
1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. 332(d))'' (section 102(8)(B)). This 
definition includes, but is not limited to, local exchange and 
interchange carriers; competitive access providers; resellers, cable 
operators, utilities, and shared tenant services providers, to the 
extent that they offer telecommunications services as common carriers 
for hire; cellular telephone companies; personal communications 
services (PCS) providers; satellite-based mobile communications 
providers; specialized mobile radio services (SMRS) providers and 
enhanced SMRS providers; and paging service providers.
    The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) may determine that a 
person or entity who is not a common carrier is subject to CALEA if 
that person or entity provides wire or electronic communication service 
and the FCC concludes that such service is a replacement for a 
substantial portion of the local telephone exchange service and that it 
is in the public interest to deem such a person or entity to be a 
telecommunications carrier for purposes of CALEA.
    The definition does not include (1) persons or entities insofar as 
they are engaged in providing information services such as electronic 
publishing and massaging services; and (2) any class or category of 
telecommunications carriers that the FCC exempts by rule after 
consultation with the Attorney General.

Capability Requirement

    CALEA requires telecommunications carriers to ensure that, within 
four years of the date of enactment, their systems have the capability 
to meet the Assistance Capability Requirements as described in Section 
103 of CALEA. These requirements are that a telecommunications carrier 
shall ensure that its equipment, facilities, or services that provide a 
customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or 
direct communications are capable of--
    (1) expeditiously isolating and enabling the government, pursuant 
to a court order or other lawful authorization, to intercept, to the 
exclusion of any other communications, all wire and electronic 
communications carried by the carrier within a service area to or from 
equipment, facilities, or services of a subscriber of such carrier 
concurrently with their transmission to or from the subscriber's 
equipment, facility, or service, or at such later time as may be 
acceptable to the government.
    (2) expeditiously isolating and enabling the government, pursuant 
to a court order or other lawful authorization, to access call-
identifying information that is reasonably available to the carrier--
(A) before, during, or immediately after the transmission of a wire or 
electronic communications (or at such later time as may be acceptable 
to the government); and (B) in a manner that allows it to be associated 
with the communication to which it pertains, except that, with regard 
to information acquired solely pursuant to the authority for pen 
registers and trap and trace devices (as defined in section 3127 of 
Title 18, United States Code), such call-identifying information shall 
not include any information that may disclose the physical location of 
the subscriber (except to the extent that the location may be 
determined from the telephone number);
    (3) delivering intercepted communications and call-identifying 
information to the government, pursuant to a court order or lawful 
authorization, in a format such that they may be transmitted by means 
of equipment, facilities, or services procured by the government to a 
location other than the premises of the carrier; and
    (4) facilitating authorized communication interceptions and access 
to call-identifying information unobtrusively and with a minimum of 
interference with any subscriber's telecommunications service and in a 
manner that protects--(A) the privacy and security of communications 
and

[[Page 13308]]

call-identifying information not authorized to be intercepted; and (B) 
information regarding the government's interception of communications 
and access to call-identifying information.
    Under section 107(a)(2) of CALEA, a carrier will be deemed to be in 
compliance if it adheres to publicly available technical requirements 
or standards adopted by an industry association or standard-setting 
organization to meet the requirements of section 103 of CALEA. 
Telecommunications carriers may also adopt their own solutions. In any 
case, carriers must meet the requirements set forth in Section 103 of 
CALEA. If no technical requirements or standards are issued, or if they 
are challenged as being deficient, upon petition, the FCC has authority 
to develop them through a rule making.

Capacity Requirements

    Section 104 of CALEA requires that the Attorney General, after 
seeking public notice and comment, establish and publish:
    (1) notice of the actual number of communications interceptions, 
pen registers, and trap and trace devices, representing a portion of 
the maximum capacity that the Attorney General estimates that 
government agencies authorized to conduct electronic surveillance may 
conduct and use simultaneously by the date that is 4 years after the 
date of enactment of CALEA, and
    (2) notice of the maximum capacity required to accommodate all of 
the communication interceptions, pen registers, and trap and trace 
devices that the Attorney General estimates that government agencies 
authorized to conduct electronic surveillance may conduct and use 
simultaneously after the date that is 4 years after the date of 
enactment of CALEA.
    On October 16, 1995 the FBI proposed for comment the Initial Notice 
of Capacity (60 FR 53643). On November 9, 1995, the comment period for 
the Initial Notice of Capacity was extended until January 16, 1996. In 
response to comments received, the FBI restructured its approach and 
published a Second Notice of Capacity for comment in the Federal 
Register on January 14, 1997 (62 FR 1902).
    Section 104 of CALEA also provides that within 180 days after the 
publication of the Final Notice of Capacity, a telecommunications 
carrier must submit to the Attorney General a statement (Carrier 
Statement) identifying any of the systems or services that do not have 
the capacity to accommodate simultaneously the number of interceptions, 
pen registers, and trap and trace devices set forth in that notice. On 
April 10, 1996, the FBI published an Initial Notice and Request for 
Comment in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 
regarding the proposed information collection requirements of the 
Carrier Statement submission (61 FR 15974). A Second Notice and Request 
for Comment is forthcoming in the Federal Register. The FBI intends to 
use these Carrier Statements as one of the criteria upon which it will 
base its decisions to solicit cooperative agreements to reimburse 
carriers pursuant to section 104(e), based upon available funding.

Industry Implementation

    Industry's compliance with the requirements set forth in section 
103 of CALEA is affected by a number of interrelated factors, including 
whether the Attorney General has agreed to pay for needed modifications 
and whether the equipment, facility, or service was installed or 
deployed on or before January 1, 1995.
    In the case of equipment, facilities, and services installed or 
deployed after January 1, 1995, compliance is dependent upon whether 
the necessary modifications are reasonably achievable as determined by 
the FCC using criteria set forth in CALEA. These criteria are as 
follows:
    (1) The effect on public safety and national security.
    (2) The effect on rates for basic residential telephone service.
    (3) The need to protect the privacy and security of communications 
not authorized to be intercepted.
    (4) The need to achieve the capability assistance requirements of 
section 103 of CALEA by cost effective methods.
    (5) The effect on the nature and cost of the equipment, facility or 
service at issue.
    (6) The effect on the operation of the equipment, facility, or 
service at issue.
    (7) The policy of the United States to encourage the provision of 
new technologies and services to the public.
    (8) The financial resources of the telecommunications carrier.
    (9) The effect on competition in the provision of 
telecommunications services.
    (10) The extent to which the design and development of the 
equipment, facility, or service was initiated before January 1, 1995.
    (11) Such other factors as the FCC determines are appropriate.
    Telecommunications carriers also may petition regulatory 
authorities to adjust charges, practices, classifications, and 
regulations to recover costs expended for making needed modifications 
to equipment, facilities, or services pursuant to the assistance 
capability requirements of CALEA section 103. CALEA also includes 
provisions for exemption, extension of the compliance date, 
consultation with industry, and systems security. Noncompliance may 
lead to civil actions by the Attorney General and the imposition of 
civil fines. In addition, CALEA requires telecommunications 
transmission and switching equipment manufacturers, as well as 
providers of the telecommunications support services, to cooperate with 
telecommunications carriers in achieving the required capabilities and 
capacities.
    Section 109 of CALEA, Payment of Costs of Telecommunications 
Carriers to Comply with Capability Requirements, authorizes the 
Attorney General, subject to the availability of appropriations, to 
agree to pay telecommunications carriers for: (1) all reasonable costs 
directly associated with the modifications performed by carriers in 
connection with equipment, facilities, and services installed or 
deployed on or before January 1, 1995, to establish the capabilities 
necessary to comply with section 103 of CALEA; (2) additional 
reasonable costs directly associated with making the assistance 
capability requirements found in section 103 of CALEA reasonably 
achievable with respect to equipment, facilities, or services installed 
or deployed January 1, 1995, in accordance with the procedures 
established in CALEA section 109(b); and (3) reasonable costs directly 
associated with modifications of any of a carrier's systems or 
services, as identified in the Carrier Statement required by CALEA 
section 104(d), which do not have the capacity to accommodate 
simultaneously the number of interceptions, pen registers, and trap and 
trace devices set forth in the Capacity Notice(s) published in 
accordance with CALEA section 104.
    CALEA section 109(e), Cost Control Regulations, authorizes the 
Attorney General, after notice and comment, to establish regulations 
necessary to effectuate timely and cost-efficient payment to 
telecommunications carriers under CALEA, under 18 U.S.C. chapters 119 
and 121, and under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 
(50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). CALEA also directs the Attorney General to 
consult with the FCC prior to the establishment of these 
regulations.\1\
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    \1\ CALEA Sec. 109(e)(2).
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    The regulations must minimize the cost to the Federal Government 
and

[[Page 13309]]

permit recovery by telecommunications carriers of the direct costs of 
developing necessary modifications for CALEA compliance, including: 
providing the capabilities requested; providing capacities requested, 
training personnel in the use of such capabilities and capacities; and 
deploying or installing such capabilities and capacities.
    In the case of any modification that may be used for any purpose 
other than lawfully authorized electric surveillance by a law 
enforcement agency of a government, CALEA permits the recovery of only 
the incremental cost of making the modification suitable for such law 
enforcement purposes.

B. Establishment of Cost Recovery Rules and Procedures

Purpose and Intent

    As directed by CALEA section 109(e)(1), the FBI has developed and 
promulgated this rule to establish the procedures carriers must use to 
seek reimbursement under sections 109(a), 109(b)(2), and 104(e) of 
CALEA. Cost recovery payments under section 109(b)(2) of CALEA will be 
determined pursuant to the procedures set forth in section 109(b)(1) of 
CALEA and in accordance with this cost recovery rule. To the extent 
possible, this rule allows carriers to use their existing accounting 
procedures to record the costs of bringing equipment, facilities, and 
services into compliance with CALEA.
    This rule seeks to ensure that each carrier's practices used in 
estimating costs for CALEA reimbursement purposes are consistent with 
the current cost accumulating and reporting procedures utilized by the 
carrier for the preparation of its financial statements. Further, it 
establishes that not all amounts reportable in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles will be eligible for 
reimbursement. Consistency in the application of cost accounting 
practices is necessary to enhance the likelihood that comparable 
transactions are treated alike. Consistent application of internal cost 
accounting practices will facilitate the preparation of reliable cost 
estimates and allow comparison with the costs of performance. Such 
comparisons provide an important basis for financial control over costs 
and aid in establishing accountability for costs in the manner agreed 
to by both parties.
    This rule also ensures that each cost is allocated only once and on 
only one basis to a cost group. The criteria for determining the 
allocation of costs to a cost group should be the same for all similar 
groupings.
    In addition to setting forth the required accounting principles 
regarding reasonableness and allowability of costs and requirements for 
consistency in accounting, this rule establishes the reporting and 
record keeping requirements necessary for reimbursement. By 
establishing these requirements, the FBI ensures that it will be able 
to meet the joint mandate of CALEA section 109(e) to (1) make timely 
and cost-efficient payment to carriers while (2) minimizing the cost to 
the Federal Government. Throughout the development of this rule, the 
FBI sought to balance the need to minimize both the regulatory burden 
placed upon carriers and the expenditure of public funds.
    Specific carriers will be selected for reimbursement based upon law 
enforcement priorities determined by the Attorney General. Several 
criteria will be used to determined law enforcement priorities. These 
include, but are not limited to: historical interceptions, features 
offered, existing surveillance techniques, and product life-cycles of 
telecommunications equipment, facilities, and services.

Cooperative Agreement Process

    CALEA specifically states that the Attorney General ``may agree'' 
to pay carriers in the three circumstances discussed above 
[Sec. 109(a), Sec. 109(b)(2), and Sec. 104(e)]. Therefore, the FBI 
intends to enter into cooperative agreements with carries to accomplish 
this reimbursement.\2\ This rule will be incorporated in all 
cooperative agreements executed under sections 109 and 104 of CALEA and 
entered into between the carriers and the FBI.
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    \2\ The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (31 U.S.C. 
6301 et seq.) states that cooperative agreements are to be used when 
``the principal purpose of the relationship is to transfer a thing 
of value to the * * * recipient to carry out a public purpose of 
support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States,'' 
and ``substantial involvement is expected between the executive 
agency and the * * * recipient when carrying out the activity 
contemplated in the agreement.'' (31 U.S.C. 6305).
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    The FBI will contact the carriers identifying the equipment, 
facilities, and services which will require modification, and which are 
eligible for reimbursement. The FBI will send requests for proposals to 
these carriers regarding the necessary modifications. These requests 
for proposals will identify the specific equipment, facilities and/or 
services which are in need of modification in order to comply with 
CALEA. They will also include instructions for submitting cost 
estimates (Sec. 100.16 of the final rule) and proposed terms and 
conditions for the cooperative agreement. Cost estimate submission is 
necessary because: (1) carrier networks will require varying levels of 
modification to achieve compliance; (2) carriers have great latitude in 
developing and implementing CALEA-compliant solutions; and (3) CALEA's 
authorization for appropriations is limited to $500 million\3\ 
Therefore, the FBI must have a clear idea of how much each modification 
is expected to cost so that it may weigh the proposed costs of each 
modification against the anticipated benefits to the public safety 
prior to entering into each cooperative agreement.
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    \3\ 31 U.S.C. 1341, commonly referred to as the Anti-Deficiency 
Act, states that an officer or employee of the United States 
Government may not ``make or authorize an expenditure or obligation 
exceeding an amount available in an appropriation or fund for the 
expenditure or obligation [31 U.S.C. 1341(a)(1)(A)].''
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    Once a carrier has submitted a cost estimate for the needed 
modifications, the FBI will enter into negotiations with that carrier 
to arrive at a cooperative agreement for reimbursement. To the extent 
possible, each cooperative agreement will be tailored to meet the 
specific needs of the individual carrier based upon the carrier's 
solution, existing accounting system, and size. For example, if a 
carrier's solution requires implementation over several months, the 
cooperative agreement with that carrier might include provisions for 
progress or milestone payments. There are several items which will be 
common to all cooperative agreements, including: the cost recovery 
rules, the requirements of CALEA (section 103 and/or section 104); and 
the protection of carrier patent rights. Once the carrier and the FBI 
reach agreement, a cooperative agreement will be executed and work can 
commence.
    It must be noted that carriers are in no way obligated to expend 
funds on modifications eligible for reimbursement prior to the 
execution of a cooperative agreement. However, this in no way 
alleviates the carriers' responsibilities of compliance with CALEA for 
equipment, facilities, or services installed or deployed subsequent to 
January 1, 1995.

Proposed Rule

    In response to CALEA's mandate and in accordance with the 
Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.), the FBI published 
for notice and comment a proposed rule in the Federal Register on May 
10, 1996 (61 FR 21396). The proposed rule was developed after 
consultation with other government entities, including the FCC, the 
Office of

[[Page 13310]]

Management and Budget (OMB), and the General Accounting Office (GAO), 
and with representatives of the telecommunications industry.
    In response to the proposed rule, the FBI received comments from 16 
representatives of the telecommunications industry, including wireline 
and wireless carriers and associations. All comments have been 
considered in preparing this final rule. In developing this final rule, 
the FBI has also relied on the input of other governmental agencies, 
telecommunications industry experts, and the many years of cost 
accounting and auditing experience of its staff. Significant comments 
received in response to the proposed rule and any significant changes 
are discussed below.

C. Significant Comments or Changes

Comments by Section

    1. Proposed Sec. 100.9 (``General''): Several commenters expressed 
confusion as to the reimbursement process. Therefore, the FBI has 
amended this section to clarify the requirement that a cooperative 
agreement must be executed prior to the incurrence of costs. This 
section now makes clear that reimbursement is subject to: (1) the 
availability of funds; (2) the reasonableness of costs; and (3) the 
execution of a cooperative agreement between the FBI and the carrier. 
Carriers are in no way obligated to expend funds on modifications that 
are eligible for reimbursement under sections 109(a), 109(b)(2), and 
104(e) prior to the execution of a cooperative agreement.
    2. Proposed Sec. 100.10(a) (Definition of ``allocable''): One 
commenter pointed out that ``allocable'' traditionally means chargeable 
to one or more cost objectives, rather than to two or more cost 
objectives. The FBI accepts this comment and the final rule is modified 
accordingly. In addition, for the purposes of clarity, the FBI has 
expanded the definition to include the descriptive phrase ``and can be 
distributed to them in reasonable proportion to the benefits 
received.''
    3. Proposed Sec. 100.10(e) (Definition of ``directly allocable 
costs''): One commenter pointed out that ``allocable'' traditionally 
means chargeable to one or more cost objectives, rather than to two or 
more cost objectives; therefore, the definition of ``directly allocable 
costs'' should reflect this. The FBI accepts this comment and the final 
rule is modified accordingly. In addition, for the purposes of clarity, 
the FBI has expanded the definition to include the descriptive phrase 
``and can be distributed to them in reasonable proportion to the 
benefits received.''
    4. Proposed Sec. 100.10(j) and (k) (Definitions of ``plant non-
specific costs'' and ``plant specific costs''): Several commenters 
expressed concern in connection with the allowability of plant specific 
and plant non-specific costs in proposed Sec. 110.11(b) (``Allowable 
costs''; Allowable plant specific costs) and proposed Sec. 100.15(c) 
(``Disallowed costs''; Plant non-specific costs). In order to effect 
the changes necessary to clarify these issues, the FBI has removed the 
definitions of these terms from Sec. 100.10, Definitions, and replaced 
them with an all encompassing definition of ``plant costs.'' The 
specifics of which costs are allowed and disallowed with regard to 
these terms are addressed below in responses 12 and 28.
    5. Proposed Sec. 100.10 (``Definitions''): In response to several 
comments requesting further clarification of terms, the following 
definitions have been added to this section in the final rule: 
cooperative agreement; direct supervision; labor costs; network 
operations costs; and provisioning costs.\4\ These definitions have 
been inserted in the appropriate alphabetical order. It should also be 
noted that the letter designations have been removed from Sec. 100.10, 
Definitions, of the final rule at the suggestion of the Federal 
Register.
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    \4\ It should be noted that line costs associated with delivery 
of intercepted communications to law enforcement are not 
reimbursable under CALEA. However, it is anticipated that the 
delivery costs associated with interceptions will continue to be 
borne by the requesting law enforcement agency.
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    6. Proposed Sec. 100.11(a)(1) (``Allowable costs''; Pre January 1, 
1995 modifications; Plant specific costs): In conformance with the 
changes to proposed Sec. 100.10(k), as discussed above in response 4, 
the term ``plant specific costs'' has been replaced with the term 
``plant costs.''
    7. Proposed Sec. 100.11(a)(1) (``Allowable costs''; Pre January 1, 
1995 modifications; General): This subsection establishes the 
allowability of all reasonable plant costs directly associated with the 
modifications performed by carriers in connection with equipment, 
facilities, and services installed or deployed on or before January 1, 
1995, to establish the capabilities necessary to comply with section 
103 of CALEA, until the equipment, facility, or service is replaced or 
significantly upgraded or otherwise undergoes major modifications. 
Several commenters asserted that the January 1, 1995 cut-off date for 
reimbursable modifications was inappropriate. In particular, several 
commenters from the wireless industry noted that the dynamic nature of 
their industry effectively, and unfairly, excluded them from the cost 
reimbursement pool under this subsection.
    The FBI must comply with CALEA, which mandates this date in section 
109(a). It is, therefore, beyond the scope of the FBI's authority to 
change this date.
    8. Proposed Sec. 100.11(a)(1) (``Allowable costs''; Pre January 1, 
1995 modifications; Significant upgrade): This subsection establishes 
the allowability of all reasonable plant costs directly associated with 
the modifications performed by carriers in connection with equipment, 
facilities, and services installed or deployed on or before January 1, 
1995, to establish the capabilities necessary to comply with section 
103 of CALEA, until the equipment, facility, or service is replaced or 
significantly upgraded or otherwise undergoes major modifications. Half 
of the commenters requested that the FBI define the phrase ``replaced 
or significantly upgraded or otherwise undergoes major modifications'' 
(hereafter referred to as ``significant upgrade or major 
modification''). These commenters pointed out that eligibility for 
reimbursement is dependent upon how the FBI interprets ``significant 
upgrade or major modification.''
    Given the dynamic nature of the telecommunications industry and the 
potential impact on eligibility for reimbursement, the FBI acknowledges 
that ``significant upgrade and major modification'' must be defined. 
However, this issue affects only those carriers who have made 
modifications or upgrades to their equipment, facilities, and/or 
services installed or deployed on or before January 1, 1995. The 
reimbursement eligibility of any equipment, facility, or service which 
has undergone no modification or upgrade since January 1, 1995 is not 
affected by this definition. In addition, ``significant upgrade or 
major modification'' does not pertain to cases of reimbursement for 
capability modifications which have been deemed not reasonably 
achievable by the FCC under CALEA section 109(b)(2) or to reimbursement 
for capacity modifications under CALEA section 104(e). Therefore, given 
that many of the potential reimbursement scenarios allowed by CALEA, 
and, therefore, by this rule, are not affected by the definition of 
``significant upgrade and major modification,'' the FBI has elected, as 
noted below, to handle this

[[Page 13311]]

issue separately in order to expedite the CALEA implementation process. 
This decision is in both the best interests of the government and of 
the carriers given that CALEA funds are now available to begin the 
reimbursement effort.\5\ Severing the ``significant upgrade and major 
modification'' issue from this rule for separate consideration allows 
the FBI as soon as possible to begin reimbursing those carriers who 
have made no modifications or upgrades since January 1, 1995.
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    \5\ Public Law 104-208, Item 28: (16) ``Telecommunications 
Carrier Compliance Fund.''
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    On November 19, 1996, the FBI published an Advanced Notice of 
Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) in the Federal Register (61 FR 58799), 
which solicited the submission of potential definitions of 
``significant upgrade or major modification'' from the 
telecommunications industry and the general public. This ANPRM was also 
sent to a large number of associations representing the interests of 
the various telecommunications carriers, both wireline and wireless. 
The FBI is currently considering the comments received and anticipates 
making a determination with regard to this issue in the near future.
    9. Proposed Sec. 100.11(a)(2) (``Allowable costs''; Post January 1, 
1995 modifications; Plant specific costs): In conformance with the 
changes to proposed Sec. 100.10(k), as discussed above in response 4, 
the term ``plant specific costs'' has been replaced with the term 
``plant costs.''
    10. Proposed Sec. 100.11(a)(2) (``Allowable costs''; Post January 
1, 1995, modifications; Additional reasonable costs): This subsection 
establishes the allowability of the additional reasonable plant costs 
directly associated with making the assistance capability requirements 
found in section 103 of CALEA reasonably achievable with respect to 
equipment, facilities, or services installed or deployed after January 
1, 1995, in accordance with the procedures established in CALEA section 
109(b). Several commenters wanted to know how the FBI planned to define 
``additional reasonable costs.'' CALEA section 109(b)(1) places the 
responsibility of determining whether modifications to equipment, 
facilities, and services installed or deployed after January 1, 1995, 
are ``reasonably achievable'' with the FCC, which will make its rulings 
based on specific petitions by carriers. At its most basic level, 
additional reasonable costs means those costs which are above and 
beyond what the FCC determines to be ``reasonably achievable'' in each 
instance. The specifics of this issue fall within the purview of the 
FCC's CALEA implementation responsibilities; it would, therefore, be 
inappropriate for the FBI to address this issue further in this rule.
    11. Proposed Sec. 100.11(a)(3) (``Allowable costs''; Capacity 
modifications; Plant specific costs): In conformance with the changes 
to proposed Sec. 100.10(k), as discussed above in response 4, the term 
``plant specific costs'' has been replaced with the term ``plant 
costs.''
    12. Proposed Sec. 100.11(b) (``Allowable costs''; Allowable plant 
specific costs): Several commenters expressed concern over the use of 
plant specific and plant non-specific as qualifiers for allowability 
for reimbursement purposes under CALEA. These commenters pointed out 
that there could be certain plant non-specific costs which could be 
allowable.
    The FBI is persuaded by these arguments and has amended the final 
rule as follows.
    First, the FBI has removed the definitions of plant specific and 
plant non-specific costs from Sec. 100.10, Definitions, and has 
replaced them with an all-encompassing definition of ``plant costs.'' 
Second, the FBI has amended Sec. 100.11(b) to reflect allowable plant 
costs, whether plant specific or plant non-specific. Third, the FBI has 
amended Sec. 100.15(c) to reflect disallowed plant costs, whether plant 
specific or plant non-specific.
    13. Proposed Sec. 100.11(b)(2) (``Allowable costs''; Allowable 
plant specific costs; first-line supervision): One comment was received 
from a small wireless carrier which expressed concern over the nature 
and definition of ``first-line supervision.'' This commenter 
interpreted this subsection as excluding from eligibility for 
reimbursement the work of some individuals who, of necessity, perform 
many different functions in a small business. The FBI has replaced this 
term with ``direct supervision'' and has provided a definition of 
``direct supervision'' in Sec. 100.10 of the final rule to clarify this 
issue.
    The FBI also wishes to note that, for the purposes of 
reimbursement, it is not job title which matters, but rather the nature 
of the work performed. Therefore, if the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) 
of a company also happens to be the engineer responsible for network 
engineering, the time that individual spends coordinating the 
integration of the CALEA compliant solution into the network will be 
reimbursable, while the time spent managing the general business 
affairs of the company will not be reimbursable.
    14. Proposed Sec. 100.11(c) (``Allowable costs''; Incremental 
costs): Both CALEA \6\ and the proposed rule establish that ``[i]n the 
case of any modification that may be used for any purpose other than 
lawfully authorized electronic surveillance by a government law 
enforcement agency, . . . only the incremental cost of making the 
modification suitable for such law enforcement purposes'' is 
recoverable. Some commenters wished to know the methodology the FBI 
intends to use to determine (1) whether a modification could be used 
for any other purpose; and (2) the nature and amount of these 
``incremental costs.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ Sec. 109(e)(2)(B)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The determination of whether or not a modification could be used 
for any purpose other than lawfully authorized electronic surveillance 
by a government law enforcement agency is outside the scope of this 
accounting rule.
    In the case of any modification that may be used for any purpose 
other than lawfully authorized electronic surveillance by a government 
law enforcement agency, the carrier may only recover the incremental 
cost of making the modification suitable for such law enforcement 
purposes. With regard to the determination of the nature and amount of 
the ``incremental costs,'' this determination will be dependent on the 
nature of the proposed solution. Therefore, the nature and amount of 
any ``incremental costs'' will be identified and proposed by specific 
carriers as part of specific cooperative agreements.
    15. Proposed Sec. 100.11(d) (``Allowable costs''): In the proposed 
rule, ``direct cost'' was used interchangeably with ``directly 
assignable cost'' which could potentially create confusion. Therefore, 
in order to maintain consistency within the document and to clarify the 
original intent of this subsection, ``direct and directly allocable 
costs'' has been amended to read ``directly assignable and directly 
allocable costs.''
    16. Proposed Sec. 100.12 (``Reasonable costs''; General): In this 
section, the FBI has set forth the guidelines for determining whether a 
cost is reasonable for reimbursement purposes. Several commenters 
requested that the FBI clarify how the ``reasonableness'' of costs will 
be determined for the purposes of reimbursement. While the guidelines 
set forth in Sec. 100.12 may seem somewhat vague and subjective, it 
must be noted that they are consistent with the standard guidelines 
used in

[[Page 13312]]

government contracting.\7\ It is not the Government's intent to 
``second guess'' the carrier's judgement; the Government simply 
requires that the carrier's decisions involve the use of reasonable and 
prudent judgement. Stated another way, all the Government requires is 
that the carrier treat the taxpayers' money with the same prudence and 
care the carrier would apply to its own corporate funds. Therefore, no 
change has been made in the final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ See, for example, the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 
31.201-3 for procurement contracts and OMB Circulars A-122, ``Cost 
Principles for Nonprofit Organizations'' and A-21, ``Principles for 
Determining Costs Applicable to Grants, Cooperative Agreements, and 
Other Agreements with Educational Institutions'' for grants and 
cooperative agreements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    17. Proposed Sec. 100.12(a)(1) and (a)(2) (``Reasonable costs''; 
Presumption of reasonableness and burden of proof): These subsections 
establish that no presumption of reasonableness is attached to the 
incurrence of costs by a carrier and that the burden of proof that a 
cost is reasonable for the purposes of CALEA reimbursement rests with 
the carrier. Some carriers objected to these requirements, arguing that 
the burden of proof that a cost was not reasonable ought to rest with 
the Government. These subsections follow standard Government cost 
principles.\8\ Therefore, no change has been made in the final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ See FAR 31.201-3 for procurement contracts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For purposes of clarity, however, it must be noted that the FBI is 
not requiring that supplementary documentation necessary to meet the 
burden of proof be submitted with the initial cost estimate or request 
for payment; those submissions require only the level of supporting 
documentation outlined in Sec. 100.16 and Sec. 100.17 of the final 
rule. It is only when a review of these submissions results in a 
question regarding a specific cost that the carrier will be required to 
meet the burden of proof with appropriate supporting documentation.
    In addition, the nature and extent of the supporting documentation 
which might be required will be addressed during the cooperative 
agreement process to allow flexibility (1) for the various accounting 
systems in use throughout the industry and (2) for the special needs of 
small entities as discussed in the Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis below.
    18. Proposed Sec. 100.13(a)(3) (``Directly assignable costs''; 
Burden of proof): This subsection establishes that the burden of proof 
that a cost is directly assignable to the CALEA implementation effort 
rests with the carrier. Some carriers objected to these requirements, 
arguing that the burden of proof that a cost was not directly 
assignable to the CALEA implementation effort ought to rest with the 
Government. This subsection follows standard Government cost 
principles.\9\ Therefore, no change has been made in the final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For purposes of clarity, however, it must be noted that the FBI is 
not requiring that supplementary documentation necessary to meet the 
burden of proof be submitted with the initial cost estimate or request 
for payment; those submissions require only the level of supporting 
documentation outlined in Sec. 100.16 and Sec. 100.17 of the final 
rule. It is only when a review of these submissions results in a 
question regarding a specific cost that the carrier will be required to 
meet the burden of proof with appropriate supporting documentation.
    In addition, the nature and extent of the supporting documentation 
which might be required will be addressed during the cooperative 
agreement process to allow flexibility (1) for the various accounting 
systems in use throughout the industry and (2) for the special needs of 
small entities as discussed in the Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis below.
    19. Proposed Sec. 100.13(b) (``Directly assignable costs''; Minor 
dollar amounts): The FBI has stricken the reference to minor dollar 
amounts in this subsection as unnecessary.
    20. Proposed Sec. 100.13 (``Directly allocable costs''; General): 
This section sets forth the requirements for treating costs as directly 
allocable costs for the purposes of the CALEA reimbursement process. 
One commenter argued that the definition of and requirements for 
``directly allocable costs'' are largely meaningless in that they 
appear to be inconsistent with the FAR. The FBI has, as noted above, 
amended the definition of ``directly allocable costs'' in proposed 
Sec. 100.10(e) in the final rule. In addition to this emendation, the 
FBI wishes to point out that it is not possible for this rule to be 
completely consistent with the FAR because CALEA specifically disallows 
costs which the FAR treats as allowable. Furthermore, the treatment of 
``directly allocable costs'' is the direct result of the FBI's intent 
to allow carriers to use their existing accounting systems to comply 
with these rules. Therefore, no change has been made in the final rule.
    21. Proposed Sec. 100.14(b) (``Directly allocable costs''; Burden 
of proof): This subsection establishes that burden of proof that a cost 
is directly allocable (as defined in this rule) to the CALEA 
implementation effort rests with the carrier. Some carriers objected to 
these requirements, arguing that the burden of proof that a cost was 
not directly allocable to the CALEA implementation effort ought to rest 
with the Government. This subsection follows standard Government cost 
principles.\10\ Therefore, no change has been made in the final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ See FAR 31.201-3 for procurement contracts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For purposes of clarity, however, it must be noted that the FBI is 
not requiring that supplementary documentation necessary to meet the 
burden of proof be submitted with the initial cost estimate or request 
for payment; those submissions require only the level of supporting 
documentation outlined in Sec. 100.16 and Sec. 100.17 of the final 
rule. It is only when a review of these submissions results in a 
question regarding specific cost that the carrier will be required to 
meet the burden of proof with appropriate supporting documentation.
    In addition, the nature and extent of the supporting documentation 
which might be required will be addressed during the cooperative 
agreement process to allow flexibility (1) for the various accounting 
systems in use throughout the industry and (2) for the special needs of 
small entities as discussed in the Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis below.
    22. Proposed Sec. 100.14(d)(4) (``Directly allocable costs''; 
Distribution base): Some commenters objected to this subsection because 
they interpreted it to mean that the FBI was reserving the right to 
approve or disapprove of each carrier's entire cost accounting system 
based on the phrase ``has been accepted by the FBI.'' This was never 
the intent of the proposed rule, nor is it the intent of the final 
rule. The FBI intended to ensure the following: (1) that the base for 
distributing allocable costs is definitized in the cooperative 
agreement between the carrier and the FBI and (2) that the carrier 
makes no significant changes [i.e. changes which will affect the level 
of reimbursement from the government] to this distribution base once it 
has been agreed to without the written approval of the FBI. Given the 
apparent misinterpretation on the part of some of the commenters, the 
FBI has amended the final rule to more clearly reflect this intent.
    23. Proposed Sec. 100.14(d)(5)(i) (``Directly allocable costs''; 
Allocation methodology; cost patterns): One commenter asked whether 
this subsection required that carriers submit to the FBI evidence of 
how the carrier

[[Page 13313]]

allocated common costs on other projects as a mechanism for checking 
the appropriateness of the proposed allocation methodology for CALEA 
reimbursement. The FBI is not requiring submission of such evidence; 
however, such evidence could be used as an example of the carrier's 
typical practices if a question regarding the allocation methodology 
arose.
    24. Proposed Sec. 100.14(d)(5)(iii) (``Directly allocable costs''; 
Allocation methodology; site-specific records): One commenter asserted 
that the requirement of this subsection that carriers maintain CALEA-
specific records supporting cost allocations that are site-specific 
would be burdensome to carriers with multiple switches requiring CALEA 
modifications.
    Given that CALEA restricts reimbursement to directly associated 
costs only, it will be necessary for carriers to maintain CALEA-
specific records. As these records will, of necessity, need to indicate 
work done on specific equipment, facilities, and services, there is no 
apparent means of relieving carriers of the requirement to maintain 
site-specific records. Therefore, no change has been made in the final 
rule.
    25. Proposed Sec. 100.14(d)(6) (``Directly allocable costs''; Base 
periods): One commenter asserted that it did not use ``base periods'' 
for allocating allocable costs. However, whether this commenter calls 
it a ``base period'' or not, the commenter does use a fiscal year for 
financial reporting purposes. Therefore, in the case of this commenter, 
the ``base period'' could be the fiscal year. The FBI crafted these 
rules to allow the carriers as much flexibility as possible in 
reporting requirements in order to minimize the burden imposed upon 
them. Hence, the exact definition of the ``base period'' is left up to 
each carrier.
    26. Proposed Sec. 100.15 (``Disallowed costs''; General): Many 
commenters questioned the restrictions set forth in this section. All 
commenters addressing the issue had specific types of costs which they 
believed should not be disallowed. Of these, most could be subsumed 
into the areas of General and Administrative (G&A) costs and Plant Non-
Specific costs, which are addressed below. In general, the FBI wishes 
to point out that it is the authority to expend funds found in CALEA 
which limits reimbursable costs to directly associated costs. The FBI 
would be in direct violation of law if it were to allow costs which 
are, either expressly or implicitly, disallowed by CALEA. Therefore, 
other than as discussed in response 28, below, with regard to the 
clarification as to the definitions of plant specific and plant non-
specific costs, no costs disallowed in the proposed rule have been 
removed from this section in the final rule.
    27. Proposed Sec. 100.15(a) (``Disallowed costs''; G&A costs): G&A 
costs are costs which are normally considered indirect (i.e. not 
directly associated with final cost objectives). The FBI cannot 
disburse funds to a carrier under CALEA for costs that the carrier 
would have incurred (e.g. external relations and information management 
costs) had CALEA not been enacted. However, the FBI recognizes that 
certain CALEA-specific expenses, which might normally be considered G&A 
costs, may, in accordance with Sec. 100.11 of these rules, be charged 
directly to the CALEA implementation effort. Section 100.15, Directly 
Allocable Costs, was written in order to provide the carriers with the 
ability to recover these costs.
    28. Proposed Sec. 100.15(c) (``Disallowed costs''; Plant non-
specific costs): Several commenters expressed concern over the use of 
plant specific and plant non-specific as qualifiers for allowability 
for reimbursement purposes under CALEA. These commenters pointed out 
that there could be certain plant non-specific costs which would be 
allowable. The FBI is persuaded by these arguments and has amended the 
final rule as follows:
    First, the FBI has removed the definitions of plant specific and 
plant non-specific costs from Sec. 100.10, Definitions, and has 
replaced them with an all-encompassing definition of ``plants costs.'' 
Second, the FBI has amended Sec. 100.11(b) to reflect allowable plants 
costs, whether plant specific or plant non-specific. Third, the FBI has 
amended Sec. 100.15(c) to reflect disallowed plant costs, whether plant 
specific or plant non-specific.
    29. Final Sec. 100.15(f) (``Additional costs''; Agreed upon): The 
FBI has, for the purposes of clarity, changed ``agreed upon'' to 
``agreed to by the government and the carrier.''
    30. Final Sec. 100.15(h), formerly part of Proposed Sec. 100.20 
(``Disallowed costs''; Accounting provisions): Some commenters asserted 
that Proposed Sec. 100.20, Accounting for Unallowable Costs, was 
unnecessary and burdensome because carriers must fully account for and 
document allowable expenses.
    The original intent of Proposed Sec. 100.20 was to ensure that, 
should a carrier's accounting system require that unallowable costs be 
used in any way to calculate the nature and amount of allowable costs 
(i.e. to determine the level of allocable costs), the unallowable costs 
were accurately identified as such, and were properly removed from the 
calculation of the reimbursement amount. However, the FBI acknowledges 
that this section appeared confusing and that it could be streamlined. 
Therefore, Proposed Sec. 100.20, Accounting for Unallowable Costs, has 
been deleted and the necessary elements have been added as new 
subsection (h) to Final Sec. 100.15, Disallowed Costs.
    31. Proposed Sec. 100.16 and Sec. 100.17 (``Cost estimate 
submission'' and ``Request for payment''; General): Many commenters 
stated that the reporting requirements of these sections are 
unnecessarily duplicative of each other and generally require too much 
detail.
    Any expenditure of CALEA funds must meet minimal recordkeeping 
requirements and must be auditable by the Inspector General of the 
Department of Justice and the Comptroller General of the United 
States.\11\ The rule defines the minimum amount of financial data and 
supporting documentation that the FBI must retain if it is to reimburse 
carriers. The FBI has required the least burdensome reporting level 
possible which still allows it to meet its fiscal accountability 
requirements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ 31 U.S.C. 712 authorizes the Comptroller General to 
investigate all matters related to the receipt, disbursement, and 
use of public money. 47 U.S.C. 1010(b) (as amended by Public Law 
104-316) requires the Inspector General of the Department of Justice 
to report to Congress on the ``reasonableness and cost-effectiveness 
of the payments made by the Attorney General to telecommunications 
carriers for modifications necessary to ensure compliance with 
[CALEA].''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    However, the FBI has also learned from the comments received that 
certain aspects of these sections describing the requirements could 
benefit from further explanation and some emendation for the purposes 
of clarity with regard to the level of detail required to be submitted. 
These explanations and emendations are addressed by subsection below.
    As for the perceived duplicativeness of Sec. 100.16 and 
Sec. 100.17, the commenters appear to have been confused by the 
cooperative agreement process, an explanation of which appears above in 
Section B, Establishment of Cost Recovery Rules and Procedures, 
subheading ``Cooperative Agreement Process.'' In addition to the 
explanation of the cooperative agreement process above, the FBI 
presents the following additional clarification. Estimates are needed 
because the FBI must have a clear idea of how much each proposed 
modification is expected to cost so that it may weigh the proposed 
costs of each modification against the anticipated

[[Page 13314]]

benefits to the pubic safety.\12\ Clearly, the FBI must require that 
carriers submit sufficient information for cost-benefit analyses to be 
performed. Furthermore, CALEA specifically requires that the cost 
recovery regulations prescribed must ``seek to minimize the cost to the 
Federal Government. . . .`` \13\ The FBI must, therefore, be able to 
determine that the solution proposed and its associated costs are 
appropriate and reasonable prior to entering into cooperative 
agreements for reimbursement with carriers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ CALEA Sec. 109(c) states that ``The Attorney General shall 
allocate funds appropriated to carry out this title in accordance 
with law enforcement priorities determined by the Attorney 
General.''
    \13\ CALEA Sec. 109(e)(2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The need for supporting documentation at the request for payment 
stage is required by CALEA. While the FBI does not anticipate any 
intentional fraud, honest mistakes are sometimes made and the FBI is 
required to ensure that the Federal Government does not inappropriately 
expend taxpayer funds on disallowed costs.
    In addition, the similarities between the cost estimate and the 
request for payment remarked upon by several commenters are intended to 
simplify the reporting and recordkeeping done by carriers and will help 
ensure that the request for payment can adequately be correlated to the 
cost estimate for review purposes.
    32. Proposed Sec. 100.16 and Sec. 100.17 (``Cost estimate 
submissions'' and ``Request for payment''; General; Wireless Carrier 
Concerns): Comments were received from representatives of the wireless 
industry which expressed concern that the reporting requirements of 
Sec. 100.16, Cost Estimate Submission, and Sec. 100.17, Request for 
Payment, are too burdensome for wireless providers because their 
accounting systems are not equipped to generate the level of detail 
wireline providers' systems are.
    As long as such carriers are using accounting systems which 
generate financial statements which are in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, the final rule will allow wireless 
providers to use their current accounting systems to meet these 
reporting requirements.
    33. Proposed Sec. 100.16 and Sec. 100.17 (``Cost estimate 
submission'' and ``Request for payment''; General; Small Business 
Concerns): Several commenters, either classified as small businesses 
for regulatory purposes or representing the interests of such small 
businesses, expressed concern that the reporting requirements of these 
sections would place an undue burden on small businesses. While this 
issue is addressed at length in the Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis below, a brief discussion is merited here. The reporting 
requirements of these sections are flexible enough to allow small 
carriers to submit cost estimates and requests for payment from the 
level of detail available to their existing accounting systems. As 
stated above in comment response 17, and as will be made clear by the 
responses to specific comments which follow, the FBI only requires the 
submission of supporting data if a question arises regarding specific 
items. In addition, a Small Business Compliance Guide, as required by 
Section 212 of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 
of 1996 (SBREFA) (Title II of Public Law 104-121) will be forthcoming 
from the FBI. This Guide, which will be tailored to the needs of small 
businesses, will provide detailed instructions for complying with all 
aspects of this final rule. The FBI has consulted with the Office of 
Advocacy of the Small Business Administration (SBA) and the Office of 
Communications Business Opportunities at the FCC regarding this final 
rule and is committed to imposing the least regulatory burden possible 
on small businesses and assisting them in achieving CALEA-compliance 
with respect to this rule.
    34. Proposed Sec. 100.16(c) (``Cost estimate submission''; Higher 
authority): A few commenters pointed out that the reference to a 
``higher authority'' was ambiguous. The FBI accepts this comment and 
has amended the final rule accordingly.
    35. Proposed Sec. 100.16(d)(1) (``Cost estimate submission''; 
Supporting documentation): Several commenters were concerned about the 
required submission of what they perceived as an extremely high level 
of supporting documentation of Sec. 100.16(d)(1). The FBI accepts this 
comment and has, for the purposes of clarity, removed the descriptive 
phrase ``adequately cross-referenced, suitable for detailed analysis'' 
from this subsection.
    36. Proposed Sec. 100.16(d)(2) (``Cost estimate submission''; Cost 
element breakdown): One commenter was concerned that this subsection's 
inclusion of the phrase ``and must reflect any specific requirements 
established by the FBI'' gave the FBI too much latitude in requiring 
additional documentation submission. While this was not the intent of 
this phrase, the FBI accepts that it could be read in such a manner and 
has, therefore, stricken it from the final rule.
    37. Proposed Sec. 100.16(d)(5)(iii) (``Cost estimate submission''; 
``Allocable direct costs''): A few commenters found the phrase 
``showing trends and budgetary data'' both burdensome and requiring 
further explanation. In the interests of minimizing the reporting 
burden on carriers and clarifying the requirements, the FBI has 
streamlined this subsection by removing this phrase and deleting the 
requirement to ``indicate the rates used and provide an appropriate 
explanation.''
    38. Proposed Sec. 100.16(e)(1) (``Cost estimate submission''; 
Judgmental factors): One commenter requested clarification of the term 
``judgmental factors.'' The FBI has amended the final rule to include 
an example of such judgmental factors in the text of this subsection.
    39. Proposed Sec. 100.16(f) (``Cost estimate submission''; 
Continuous submission of cost data): A few commenters interpreted this 
subsection's requirement that cost data be submitted as it becomes 
available up until the time of final reimbursement as requiring a 
continuous submission of data. This was not the FBI's intent; rather, 
the FBI sought to ensure that, in the event that information 
significantly affecting the cost estimate should become available, the 
carrier would provide that information to the FBI. However, the FBI has 
determined that this requirement is met by Sec. 100.17(d)(2) of the 
final rule and has, therefore, amended Proposed Sec. 100.16(d)(2) 
accordingly.
    40. Proposed Sec. 100.17(b)(1) (``Request for Payment''; Supporting 
documentation): Several commenters were concerned about the required 
submission of what they perceived as an extremely high level of 
supporting documentation in Sec. 100.17(b)(1). The FBI accepts this 
comment and has, for the purposes of clarity, removed the descriptive 
phrase ``adequately cross-referenced, suitable for detailed analysis'' 
from this subsection.
    41. Proposed Sec. 100.17(b)(2) (``Request for Payment''; Cost 
element breakdown): One commenter was concerned that this subsection's 
inclusion of the phrase ``and must reflect any specific requirements 
established by the FBI'' gave the FBI too much latitude in requiring 
additional documentation submission. While this was not the intent of 
this phrase, the FBI accepts that it could be read in such a manner and 
has, therefore, stricken it from the final rule.
    42. Proposed Sec. 100.17(c) (``Request for Payment''; Forward 
costing factors): The FBI has stricken the reference to forward costing 
factors in this subsection as unnecessary.

[[Page 13315]]

    43. Proposed Sec. 100.17(c)(2) (``Request for Payment''; Direct 
labor): A few commenters found this subsection to be confusing and 
requiring a potentially overburdensome submission of documentation. The 
FBI has streamlined this subsection and clarified its document 
submission requirements such that they impose the least burden 
possible. Specifically, the FBI has added the phrase ``have available 
for audit in accordance with Sec. 100.18'' to the text to better define 
the documentation requirements. This phrase has also been added to 
Proposed subsections 100.17(c) (3), (4), and (5) for the same purpose.
    44. Proposed Sec. 100.17(d)(1) (``Request for Payment''; Specific 
identification of cost data): The FBI has amended this subsection to 
clarify the phrase ``by specific identification.''
    45. Proposed Sec. 100.17(d)(2) (``Request for Payment''; Continuous 
submission of cost data): A few commenters interpreted this 
subsection's requirement that cost data be submitted as it becomes 
available up until the time of final reimbursement as requiring a 
continuous submission of data. This was not the FBI's intent; rather, 
the FBI sought to ensure that, in the event that information 
significantly affecting the cost estimate should become available, that 
the carrier would provide that information to the FBI. This subsection 
has been amended to better reflect that intent.
    46. Proposed Sec. 100.17(e) (``Request for Payment''; Index): The 
FBI has streamlined this subsection to minimize the indexing 
requirements.
    47. Proposed Sec. 100.18 (``Audit''; General): One commenter 
questioned the FBI's right to audit with regard to CALEA 
reimbursements. The right to audit is implicit in a federal agency's 
stewardship responsibilities with respect to the disbursement of 
taxpayer funds. Furthermore, conducting audits of CALEA reimbursements 
is an important and integral part of the FBI's internal financial 
controls, which are required under 31 U.S.C. Subtitle III, Financial 
Management.
    48. Proposed Sec. 100.18 (``Audit''; Attorney-Client Privileged 
Material and Attorney Work Product): Two commenters seemed to interpret 
this section as granting the FBI the right to examine attorney-client 
privileged material and attorney work product during the normal course 
of an audit. This is not the FBI's intent. Audit materials do not 
include privileged communications or work product as protected by law. 
It must be noted, however, that the burden proving that the 
communication or material is privileged is on the party claiming the 
privilege.\14\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ SEC v. Gulf & Western Industries, Inc., 518 F. Supp. 675 
(D.D.C. 1981). See also Olender v. United States, 210 F.2d 795 (9th 
Cir. 1954) (privilege not applicable to communications with attorney 
where he has been ``employed as an accountant solely and simply'' in 
preparing tax returns).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    49. Proposed Sec. 100.18(d) (``Audit''; ``Availability''; 
Reasonable availability): A few commenters found the requirement that a 
carrier ``shall make available at its office at all reasonable times 
the cost and support material described herein, for examination, audit, 
or reproduction . . .'' to be burdensome given that many carriers store 
such information offsite. These commenters interpreted this subsection 
as requiring carrier to store such information on-site, thereby 
requiring them to alter their existing record keeping regimes.
    The FBI agrees that requiring carriers to store such records on-
site would be burdensome; however, this was not the intent of Proposed 
Sec. 100.18(d). The pivotal phrase here is ``at all reasonable times.'' 
Given the wide range of accounting and record keeping methods in use in 
the telecommunications industry, the FBI recognizes that ``reasonable'' 
might be 24 hours for one carrier or 3-5 business days for another 
carrier. Therefore, to meet the specific needs of individual carriers, 
a ``reasonable'' time frame will be defined as part of the cooperative 
agreement entered into with each carrier.
    50. Proposed Sec. 100.18(d) (``Audit''; ``Availability''; Record 
retention): Several commenters asserted that the five (5) year record 
retention requirement was too long and inconsistent with other federal 
regulatory record retention requirements. In the interest of minimizing 
the regulatory burden on private industry, the FBI accepts this 
comment. The record retention period in the final rule is amended to 
three (3) years.
    51. Proposed Sec. 100.19 (``Reduction for defective cost data''): A 
few commenters expressed concern that this section could be interpreted 
as a penalty clause. This was not the FBI's intent; rather, this 
section was included to allow for equitable adjustments to an agreed-to 
amount to reflect actual costs. To clarify this intent, the FBI has 
expanded Sec. 100.19 to include adjustment procedures for revisions of 
the agreed-to amount: (1) prior to the incurrence of a cost; (2) 
subsequent to the incurrence of a cost; and (3) subsequent to the 
discovery that cost data was defective.
    52. Proposed Sec. 100.19(c)(1) (``Reduction for defective cost 
data''; Sole source supplier): Several commenters, either classified as 
small businesses for regulatory purposes or representing the interests 
of such small businesses, expressed concern that holding small 
businesses responsible for the cost data of their sole source suppliers 
was unduly burdensome. This issue is addressed at length in the Final 
Regulatory Flexibility Analysis below.
    53. Proposed Sec. 100.19(c)(4) (``Reduction for defective cost 
data''; Interest): A few commenters requested that a subsection be 
added requiring the Government to pay the carrier interest in the event 
of an underpayment or late payment by the Government. The FBI 
originally believed that such payments were mandated by the Prompt 
Payment Act (31 U.S.C. 3901 et seq., as amended), which requires the 
payment of interest on the part of the Government and OMB Circular A-
125 (Revised), ``Prompt Payment,'' which establishes the procedures for 
the payment of interest to parties in the event of late payment by the 
Government. It has since determined, however, that both the Prompt 
Payment Act and OMB Circular A-125 apply only to procurement contracts. 
Given this, the FBI does not derive statutory authority to pay interest 
under the Prompt Payment Act. However, the FBI may contractually bind 
itself with such provisions. Therefore, the FBI can incorporate such a 
clause into its cooperative agreements with carriers. Rather than 
develop duplicate procedures, the FBI intends to incorporate the 
procedures for the payment of interest on late payment of invoice 
payments (including progress payments) set forth in OMB Circular A-125 
into all cooperative agreements with carriers. Therefore, the FBI has 
not amended the final rule.
    54. Proposed Sec. 100.20 (``Accounting for unallowable costs''): 
Some commenters asserted that Proposed Sec. 100.20, Accounting for 
Unallowable Costs, was unnecessary and burdensome because carriers must 
fully account for and document allowable expenses.
    The original intent of Proposed Sec. 100.20 was to ensure that, 
should a carrier's accounting system require that unallowable costs be 
used in any way to calculate the nature and amount of allowable costs 
(i.e. to determine the level of allocable costs), the unallowable costs 
were accurately identified as such, and were properly removed from the 
calculation of the reimbursement amount. However, the FBI acknowledges 
that this section appeared confusing and that it could be streamlined. 
Therefore, Proposed Sec. 100.20, Accounting for Unallowable

[[Page 13316]]

Costs, has been deleted and the necessary elements have been added as 
new subsection (h) to Final Sec. 100.15, Disallowed Costs.
    55. Proposed Sec. 100.21 (``Confidentiality of trade secrets/
proprietary information''): One commenter requested that the FBI amend 
this section to ensure that company proprietary information is not 
indiscriminately disclosed to Government employees. While this was not 
the FBI's intent, it accepts the comment and has amended the final rule 
accordingly.

General Comments

    1. Capacity Requirements: Several commenters felt that they could 
not adequately comment on the proposed cost recovery rules without 
knowing what the final capacity requirements were. These commenters 
asserted that they needed to know the estimated costs prior to 
assessing the proposed rule.
    These comments are not accepted. The Cost Recovery Rules are 
accounting principles addressing allowability and reasonableness which 
will be applied universally to carriers' costs, regardless of amount.
    2. Takings: Two commenters asserted that carrier compliance with 
CALEA would require the carriers to expend funds or lose profits which 
would constitute a taking for which the carriers would be entitled to 
full compensation pursuant to the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth 
Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. One commenter 
asserted that this was so regardless of whether Congress provides 
funding for CALEA cost reimbursement.
    No set formula exists for identifying when Government regulatory 
action constitutes a ``taking'' under the Constitution; the Supreme 
Court has instead generally relied on an ad hoc, factual inquiry into 
the circumstances of each particular case. The Supreme Court has, 
however, indicated that the following factors have particular 
significance: (1) the severity of the economic impact of the regulation 
on the claimant; (2) the extent to which the regulation has interfered 
with distinct investment-backed expectations; and (3) the character of 
the government action. See Concrete Pipe and Products of California, 
Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust for So. California, 508 
U.S. 602, 113 S.Ct. 2264, 124 L.Ed.2d 539 (1993); Connolly v. Pension 
Benefit Guaranty Corp. 475 U.S. 211, 106 S.Ct. 1018, 89 L.Ed.2d 166 
(1986); see also Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Commission, 505 U.S. 
1003, 112 S.Ct. 2886, 120 L.Ed.2d 798 (1992).
    In response to the comments received, the FBI has analyzed these 
factors and has concluded that CALEA's requirements do not amount to a 
compensable taking. First, the FBI does not believe that the economic 
impact of these CALEA regulations on carriers will rise to the level of 
a taking requiring compensation. These regulations will not 
significantly impair the economically beneficial use of the carrier's 
property, and the value of such property will not be substantially 
reduced. If any such reduction does occur, these regulations provide 
that it may be offset by Congressional funding available to reimburse 
carriers. Moreover, it has been held that ``mere diminution in the 
value of property, however serious, is insufficient to demonstrate a 
taking.'' Concrete Pipe, 508 U.S. at 645. Second, these regulations 
will not interfere with investment-backed expectations of the carriers. 
Carriers have cooperated with the execution of court-ordered electronic 
surveillance for some time now. Carriers could, consequently, readily 
anticipate that such wiretapping would continue and that the mechanisms 
of such wiretapping would evolve as telecommunications technology 
advanced. These regulations do not expand law enforcement authority but 
merely maintain the ability of law enforcement to conduct court-ordered 
surveillance. Carriers had no reasonable expectation that they would 
not be required to continue to provide assistance to law enforcement. 
Finally, the character of the government action involved suggests that 
these regulations do not involve a compensable taking. In carrying out 
CALEA, no law enforcement agency will physically invade any carriers' 
property or appropriate any carriers' assets for its own use. The FBI 
feels that these CALEA regulations substantially advance the Nation's 
legitimate interests in preserving public safety and national security. 
These interests would unquestionably be jeopardized without the ability 
to conduct court-ordered electronic surveillance. Such wiretaps are 
critical to saving lives and solving crimes. In sum, the FBI does not 
believe that the carriers are being forced to bear a burden ``which, in 
all fairness and justice, should be borne by the public as a whole.'' 
Armstong v. United States, 364 U.S. 40, 49 (1960).
    3. Manufacture Date of Equipment: One commenter seemed to assert 
that it was the manufacture date of the equipment which determined its 
eligibility for reimbursement. This comment is non-germane given that 
CALEA specifically addresses ``equipment, facilities, and services 
installed or deployed on or before January 1, 1995'' [Sec. 109(a), 
emphasis added], and ``equipment, facilit[ies] and service[s] installed 
or deployed after January 1, 1995'' [Sec. 109(b)(1), emphasis added]. 
Clearly, it is the installation or deployment date rather than the 
manufacture date which determines eligibility for reimbursement.
    4. Dispute Resolution: A few commenters requested that the FBI 
identify a means of dispute resolution should a disagreement occur 
between a carrier and the FBI regarding the cooperative agreement 
process. As discussed above, carriers are in no way obligated to expend 
funds on modifications that are eligible for reimbursement under 
sections 109 and 104 prior to the execution of a cooperative agreement. 
Furthermore, should a carrier and the FBI fail to reach agreement as to 
the terms of the cooperative agreement, that carrier will remain in 
compliance with CALEA until such time as the equipment, facility or 
service in question is no longer eligible for reimbursement, either 
because it has undergone a ``significant upgrade or major 
modification'' or because the modification required has been determined 
to be reasonably achievable by the FCC.\15\ Nevertheless, if a dispute 
does arise which has resulted in an impasse to the negotiations, there 
may be benefits to both the FBI and the carrier that would warrant 
additional efforts at resolving the dispute, so that a cooperative 
agreement could be agreed upon. The FBI is also aware of the Attorney 
General's April 6, 1995 Policy on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), 
as well as Executive Order 12988, and the Congressional endorsement of 
ADR as found in the recently reauthorized Administrative Dispute 
Resolution Act of 1996. For all these reasons, the FBI has decided 
that, where an impasse in the negotiations precludes it from executing 
a cooperative agreement with a carrier, it will consider using 
mediation (where the carrier agrees) to achieve, in a timely fashion, a 
consensual resolution of all outstanding issues through facilitated 
negotiations. The FBI expects that the costs of mediation would be 
shared equally by the parties, and that each mediation would be 
governed by a separate mediation agreement prepared by the FBI and the 
carrier. Accordingly, Sec. 100.21 ``Alternative Dispute Resolution'' 
has been added to the Final Rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ CALEA Sec. 109(d) and Sec. 109(b)(1).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 13317]]

    5. ESI Document: Two commenters expressed concern about the FBI's 
Electronic Surveillance Interface (ESI) document. The commenters 
asserted their belief that the requirements in the ESI exceeded those 
of CALEA. The ESI document is not a requirements document, rather it is 
law enforcement's recommendation for the delivery interface between 
carrier systems and the law enforcement collection equipment. It 
relates only to the delivery of intercepted communications. It does not 
dictate interception solutions. The ESI document is merely a 
contribution to the standard setting process by law enforcement. The 
FBI coordinated the development of the ESI document with the law 
enforcement community and the Department of Justice to ensure that the 
recommendations were consistent with the scope and intent of CALEA and 
with existing electronic surveillance laws. As such, all costs directly 
associated with this approach will be eligible for reimbursement.
    6. Safe Harbor. Two commenters requested a blanket statement that 
all costs associated with meeting a ``safe harbor'' standard as 
described in CALEA Sec. 107(a)(2) are reimbursable. Once an industry 
standard has been established in accordance with CALEA Sec. 107, the 
costs associated with the implementation of that standard will be 
reviewed for allowability and reasonableness under this rule.

D. Applicable Administrative Procedures and Executive Orders

Executive Order 12612

    This final rule will not have a substantial direct effect on the 
States, on the relationship between the national Government and the 
States, or on distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with Executive 
Order 12612, it is determined that this rule does not have sufficient 
federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism 
Assessment.

Executive Order 12866

    The FBI has completed its examination of this final rule in light 
of Executive Order 12866 and has found that it constitutes a 
significant regulatory action only under section 3(f)(4). In accordance 
with section 6 of Executive Order 12866, the FBI has submitted this 
rule, and the proposed rule which preceded it to the Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), OMB, for review, and has met 
all of the requirements of this section.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    The FBI has completed its examination of this final rule in light 
of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 and has determined, after 
consultation with OIRA, that it does not impose an unfunded mandate as 
defined in that Act.

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, public 
comment has twice been solicited on the reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements of this final rule (61 FR 21396 and 61 FR 58592). As noted 
above, all comments have been considered in preparing this final rule, 
and significant comments received have been discussed above in Section 
C of the Supplementary Information. These reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements have been assigned OMB Control Number 1110-0022 which 
expires on September 30, 1998.

Regulatory Flexibility Act--Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

    As required by section 603 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 
5 U.S.C. 603, a summary of the Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis 
(IRFA) was incorporated into the NPRM. The FBI's Final Regulatory 
Flexibility Analysis (FRFA) conforms with the RFA as amended by the 
Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996 (CWAAA), Public Law 104-
121, 110 Stat. 847 (1996).\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ Subtitle II of the CWAAA is ``The Small Business Regulatory 
Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996'' (SBREFA), codified at 5 U.S.C. 
601 et seq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Need for and Objectives of this Final Rule

    This rule implements section 109 of the Communications Assistance 
for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) which requires the Attorney General to 
establish regulations which set forth the procedures telecommunications 
carriers must follow in order to receive reimbursement under sections 
109 and 104 of CALEA. CALEA requires that this rule enable carriers to 
recover costs in a timely and cost-efficient manner while minimizing 
the cost to the Federal Government. Specifically, this rule sets forth 
the means of determining allowable costs, reasonable costs, and 
disallowed costs. Furthermore, it establishes the requirements carriers 
must meet in their submission of cost estimates and requests for 
payment to the Federal Government for the disbursement of CALEA funds. 
Finally, this rule protects the confidentiality of trade secrets and 
proprietary information from unnecessary disclosure. The FBI seeks to 
subject all carriers to the same regulatory policy, while allowing 
carriers to use their existing accounting systems in the reimbursement 
process. Pursuant to the goal of imposing the least burden on carriers 
while also fulfilling the obligation to adhere to Government fiscal 
accountability requirements, this rule specifies reporting objectives 
rather than specifying the manner in which these records must be kept.

B. Description and Estimates of the Number of Small Entities Affected 
by this Final Rule

    The RFA defines a ``small business'' to be the same as a ``small 
business concern'' under the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 632, 
unless the regulating agency has developed or adopted one or more 
definitions that are appropriate to its activities and are approved by 
the Small Business Administration.\17\ Under the Small Business Act, a 
``small business concern'' is one that: (1) Is independently owned and 
operated; (2) is not dominant in its field of operation; and (3) meets 
any additional criteria established by the SBA.\18\ The SBA has defined 
a small business for Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 
categories 4812 (Radiotelephone Communications) and 4813 (Telephone 
Communications, Except Radiotelephone) to be small entities when they 
have fewer than 1,500 employees.\19\ The total number of small 
telephone companies falling within both of those SIC categories in 
general is discussed first. The number of small businesses within the 
two subcategories an attempt to refine further those estimates to 
correspond with the categories of telephone companies that are commonly 
used by the FCC follows.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ See 5 U.S.C. 601(3) (incorporating by reference the 
definition of ``small business concern'' in 5 U.S.C. 632).
    \18\ 15 U.S.C. 632. See, e.g., Brown Transport Truckload, Inv. 
V. Southern Wipers, Inc., 176 B.R. 82 (N.D. Ga. 1994).
    \19\ 13 CFR 121.201.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Telephone Companies (SIC 481)
    Total Number of Telephone Companies Affected. The rules adopted 
herein may have a significant effect on a substantial number of the 
small telephone companies identified by the SBA. The United States 
Bureau of the Census (``the Census Bureau'') reports that, at the end 
of 1992, there were 3,497 firms engaged in providing telephone 
services, as defined therein,

[[Page 13318]]

for at least one year.\20\ This number contains a variety of different 
categories of carriers, including local exchange carriers, 
interexchange carriers, competitive access providers, cellular 
carriers, mobile service carriers, operator service providers, pay 
telephone operators, PCS providers, covered SMRS providers, and 
resellers. It seems certain that some of those 3,497 telephone service 
firms may not qualify as small entities because they are not 
``independently owned and operated.'' \21\ For example, a PCS provider 
that is affiliated with an interexchange carrier having more than 1,500 
employees would not meet the definition of a small business. It seems 
reasonable to conclude, therefore, that fewer than 3,497 telephone 
service firms are small entity telephone service firms that may be 
affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 
1992 Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities: 
Establishment and Firm Size, at Firm Size 1-123 (1995) (1992 
Census).
    \21\ 15 U.S.C. 632(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Wireless Carriers and Service Providers. The SBA has developed a 
definition of small entities for telephone communications companies 
other than radiotelephone (wireless) companies. The Census Bureau 
reports that, there were 2,321 such telephone companies in operation 
for at least one year at the end of 1992.\22\ According to the SBA's 
definition, a small business telephone company other than a 
radiotelephone company is one employing fewer than 1,500 persons.\23\ 
All but 26 of the 2,321 non-radiotelephone companies listed by the 
Census Bureau were reported to have fewer than 1,000 employees. Thus, 
even if all 26 of those companies had more than 1,500 employees, there 
would still be 2,295 non-radiotelephone companies that might qualify as 
small entities. Although it seems certain that some of these carriers 
are not independently owned and operated, the FBI is unable at this 
time to estimate with greater precision the number of wireline carriers 
and service providers that would qualify as small business concerns 
under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there 
are fewer than 2,295 small entity telephone communications companies 
other than radiotelephone companies that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ 1992 Census, supra, at Firm Size 1-123.
    \23\ 13 CFR 121.201, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 
Code 4812.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Local Exchange Carriers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed 
a definition of small providers of local exchange services (LECs). The 
closest applicable definition under SBA rules is for telephone 
communications companies other than radiotelephone (wireless) 
companies. The most reliable source of information regarding the number 
of LECs nationwide of which the FBI is aware appears to be the data 
that the FCC collects annually in connection with the 
Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS). According to the FCC's most 
recent data, 1,347 companies reported that they were engaged in the 
provision of local exchange services.\24\ Although it seems certain 
that some of these carriers are not independently owned and operated, 
or have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at this time to 
estimate with greater precision the number of LECs that would qualify 
as small business concerns under the SBA's definition. Consequently, 
the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 1,347 small incumbent LECs 
that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ Federal Communications Commission, CCB, Industry Analysis 
Division, Telecommunications Industry Revenue: TRS Fund Worksheet 
Data, Tbl. 21 (Average Total Telecommunications Revenue Reported by 
Class of Carrier) (Feb. 1996) (TRS Worksheet).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Interexchange Carriers and Resellers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA 
has developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to 
providers of interexchange services (IXCs). The closest applicable 
definition under SBA rules is for telephone communications companies 
other than radiotelephone (wireless) companies.
    The most reliable source of information regarding the number of 
IXCs only nationwide of which the FBI is aware appears to be the data 
that the FCC collects annually in connection with TRS. According to the 
FCC's most recent data, 97 companies reported that they were engaged in 
the provision of interexchange services.\25\ Although it seems certain 
that some of these carriers are not independently owned and operated, 
or have fewer than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at this time to 
estimate with greater precision the number of IXCs only that would 
qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's definition. 
Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 97 small 
entity IXCs only that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed a definition of small 
entities specifically applicable to resellers. The closest applicable 
definition under SBA rules is for all telephone communications 
companies. The most reliable source of information regarding the number 
of resellers only nationwide of which the FBI is aware appears to be 
the data that the FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS. 
According to the FCC's most recent data, 206 companies reported that 
they were engaged in the resale of telephone services.\26\ Although it 
seems certain that some of these carriers are not independently owned 
and operated, or have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at 
this time to estimate with greater precision the number of resellers 
only that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's 
definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 
206 small entity resellers only that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    However, the FCC does have more recent data which combines IXCs and 
resellers. According to the FCC's most recent combined data, 583 
companies were determined to be either IXCs or resellers.\27\ Although 
it seems certain that some of these carriers are not independently 
owned and operated, or have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is 
unable at this time to estimate with greater precision the combined 
number of IXCs and resellers that would qualify as small business 
concerns under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates 
that there are fewer than 583 small entity IXCs and resellers that may 
be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \27\ Federal Communications Commission, CCB, Industrial Analysis 
Division, Long Distance Market Shares, 2nd Quarter, 1996, 
(September, 1996).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Competitive Access Providers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has 
developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to 
providers of competitive access services (CAPs). The closest applicable 
definition under SBA rules is for telephone communications companies 
other than radiotelephone (wireless) companies. The most reliable 
source of information regarding the number of CAPs nationwide of which 
the FBI is aware appears to be the data that the FCC collects annually 
in connection with the TRS. According to the FCC's most recent data, 30 
companies reported that they were engaged in the provision of 
competitive access services.\28\ Although it seems certain that some of 
these carriers are not independently owned and operated, or have more 
than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at this time to estimate with 
greater precision the number of CAPs that would qualify as small 
business concerns under the SBA's

[[Page 13319]]

definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 
30 small entity CAPs that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \28\ Federal Communications Commission, CCB, Industry Analysis 
Division, Telecommunications Industry Revenue: TRS Fund Worksheet 
Data, Tbl. 21 (Average Total Telecommunications Revenue Reported by 
Class of Carrier) (Fbe. 1996) (TRS Worksheet).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Operator Service Providers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has 
developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to 
providers of operator services. The closest applicable definition under 
SBA rules is for telephone communications companies other than 
radiotelephone (wireless) companies. The most reliable source of 
information regarding the number of operator service providers 
nationwide of which the FBI is aware appears to be the data that the 
FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS. According to the 
FCC's most recent data, 29 companies reported that they were engaged in 
the provisions of operator services.\29\ Although it seems certain that 
some of these companies are not independently owned and operated, or 
have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at this time to 
estimate with greater precision the number of operator service 
providers that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's 
definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 
29 small entity operator service providers that may be affected by this 
rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Pay Telephone Operators. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed 
a definition of small entities specifically applicable to pay telephone 
operators. The closest applicable definition under SBA rules is for 
telephone communications companies. The most reliable source of 
information regarding the number of pay telephone operators nationwide 
of which the FBI is aware appears to be the data that the FCC collects 
annually in connection with the TRS. According to the FCC's most recent 
data, 197 companies reported that they were engaged in the provision of 
pay telephone services.\30\ Although it seems certain that some of 
these carriers are not independently owned and operated, or have more 
than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at this time to estimate with 
greater precision the number of pay telephone operators that would 
qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's definition. 
Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 197 small 
entity pay telephone operators that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \30\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Wireless (Radiotelephone) Carriers. The SBA has developed a 
definition of small entities of radiotelephone (wireless) companies. 
The Census Bureau reports that there were 1,176 such companies in 
operation for at least one year at the end of 1992.\31\ According to 
the SBA's definition a small business radiotelephone company is one 
employing fewer than 1,500 persons.\32\ The Census Bureau also reported 
that 1,164 of those radiotelephone companies had fewer than 1,000 
employees. Thus, even if all of the remaining 12 companies had more 
than 1,500 employees, there would still be 1,164 radiotelephone 
companies that might qualify as small entities if they are 
independently owned and operated, the FBI is unable at this time to 
estimate with greater precision the number of radiotelephone carriers 
and services providers that would qualify as small business concerns 
under the SBA's definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there 
are fewer than 1,164 small entity radiotelephone companies that may be 
affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ 1992 Census, supra, at Firm Size 1-123.
    \32\ 13 C.F.R. 121.201, SIC Code 4812.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Cellular Service Carriers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has 
developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to 
providers of cellular services. The closest applicable definition under 
SBA rules is for radiotelephone (wireless) companies. The most reliable 
source of information regarding the number of cellular service carriers 
nationwide of which the FBI is aware appears to be the data that the 
FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS. According to the 
FCC's most recent data, 789 companies reported that they were engaged 
in the provision of cellular services.\33\ Although it seems certain 
that some of these carriers are not independently owned and operated, 
or have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at this time to 
estimate with greater precision the number of cellular service carriers 
that would qualify as small business concerns under the SBA's 
definition. Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 
789 small entity cellular service carriers that may be affected by this 
rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Mobile Service Carriers. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has developed 
a definition of small entities specifically applicable to mobile 
service carriers, such as paging companies. The closest applicable 
definition under SBA rules is for radiotelephone (wireless) companies. 
The most reliable source of information regarding the number of mobile 
service carriers nationwide of which the FBI is aware appears to be the 
data that the FCC collects annually in connection with the TRS. 
According to the FCC's most recent data, 117 companies reported that 
they were engaged in the provision of mobile services.\34\ Although it 
seems certain that some of these carriers are not independently owned 
and operated, or have more than 1,500 employees, the FBI is unable at 
this time to estimate with greater precision the number of mobile 
service carriers that would qualify under the SBA's definition. 
Consequently, the FBI estimates that there are fewer than 117 small 
entity mobile service carriers that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Broadband PCS Licensees. The broadband PCS spectrum is divided into 
six frequency blocks designated A through F. As set forth in 47 C.F.R. 
Sec. 24.720(b), the FCC has defined ``small entity'' in the auctions 
for Blocks C and F as a firm that had average gross revenues of less 
than $40 million in the three previous calendar years. The FCC's 
definition of a ``small entity'' in the context of broadband PCS 
auctions has been approved by the SBA.\35\ The FCC has auctioned 
broadband PCS licenses in Blocks A, B, and C. Neither the FCC nor the 
FBI has sufficient data to determine how many small businesses bid 
successfully for licenses in Blocks A and B. There were 90 winning 
bidders that qualified as small entities in the Block C auction. Based 
on this information, the FBI concludes that the number of broadband PCS 
licensees affected by this rule includes, at a minimum, 90 winning 
bidders that qualified as small entities in the Block C broadband PCS 
auction.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ See Implementation of Section 309(j) of the Communications 
Act--Competitive Bidding, PP Docket No. 93-253, Fifth Report and 
Order, 9 FCC Rcd 5532, 5581-84 (1994).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    At present, no licenses have been awarded for Blocks D, E, and F of 
broadband PCS spectrum. Therefore, there are no small business 
currently providing these services. However, a total of 1,479 licenses 
will be awarded in the D, E, and F Block broadband PCS auctions, which 
began on August 26, 1996. Eligibility for the 483 F Block licenses is 
limited to entrepreneurs with average gross revenues of less than $125 
million.\36\ The FBI cannot estimate the number of licenses that will 
be won by small entities under the FCC's definition, nor how many small 
entities will win D or E Block licenses. Given that nearly all 
radiotelephone

[[Page 13320]]

companies have fewer than 1,000 employees \37\ and that no reliable 
estimate of the number of prospective D, E, and F Block licensees can 
be made, the FBI assumes, for the purposes of this FRFA, that all of 
the licensees in the D, E, and F Block Broadband PCS auctions may be 
awarded to small entities which may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ Amendment of Parts 20 and 24 of the Commission's Rules--
Broadband PCS Competitive Bidding and the Commercial Mobile Radio 
Service Spectrum Cap, WT Docket No. 96-59, Amendment of the 
Commission's Cellular/PCS Cross-Ownership Rule, Report and Order, GN 
Docket No. 90314, FCC 96-278 (rel. June 24, 1996).
    \37\ 1992 Census, Table 5, Employment Size of Firms: 1992, SIC 
Code.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    SMRS Licensees. Pursuant to 47 C.F.R. Sec. 90.814(b)(1), the FCC 
had defined ``small entity'' in auctions for geographic area 800 MHz 
and 900 MHz SMRS licenses as a firm that had average annual gross 
revenues of less than $15 million in the three previous calendar years. 
This definition of a ``small entity'' in the context of 800 MHz and 900 
MHz SMRA has been approved by the SBA.\38\ This rule may apply to SMRS 
providers in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz band that either hold geographic 
area licenses or have obtained extended implementation authorizations. 
The FBI does not know how many firms provide 800 MHz or 900 MHz 
geographic area SMRS service pursuant to extended implementation 
authorizations, nor how many of these providers have annual revenues of 
less than $15 million. The FBI assumes, for purpose of this FRFA, that 
all of the extended implementation authorizations may be held by small 
entities, which may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ See Amendment of Parts 2 and 90 of the Commission's Rules 
to Provide for the Use of 200 Channels Outside the Designated Filing 
Areas in the 896-901 MHz and the 935-940 MHz Bands Allotted to the 
Specialized Mobile Radio Pool, PR Docket No. 89-583, Second Order on 
Reconsideration and Seventh Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 2639, 2693-
702 (1995); Amendment of Part 90 of the Commission's Rules to 
Facilitate Future Development of SMRS Systems in the 800 MHz 
Frequency Band, PR Docket No. 93-144, First Report and Order, Eighth 
Report and Order, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 
11 FCC Rcd 1463 (1995).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The FCC recently held auctions for geographic area licenses in the 
900 MHz SMRS bands. There were 60 winning bidders who qualified as 
small entities in the 900 MHz auction. Based on this information, the 
FBI concludes that the number of geographic area SMRS licensees 
affected by this rule includes these 60 small entities. No auctions 
have been held for the 800 MHz geographic area SMRS licenses. 
Therefore, no small entities currently hold these licenses. A total of 
525 licenses will be awarded for the upper 200 channels in the 800 MHz 
geographic area SMRS auction. However, the FCC has not yet determined 
how many licenses will be awarded for the lower 230 channels in the 800 
MHz geographic area SMRS auction. There is no basis moreover, on which 
to estimate how many small entities will win these licenses. Given that 
nearly all radiotelephone companies have fewer than 1,000 employees and 
that no reliable estimate of the number of prospective 800 MHz 
licensees can be made, the FBI assumes, for purposes of this FRFA, that 
all of the licenses may be awarded to small entities who may be 
affected by this rule.
    Commerical Paging and Commercial 220 MHz Radio Services. Neither 
the FCC nor the SBA has developed a definition of small entities 
specifically applicable to providers of paging services. The closest 
applicable definition under SBA rules is for radiotelephone (wireless) 
companies.\39\ With respect to commercial 220 MHz services, the FCC has 
proposed a two-tiered definition of small business for purposes of 
auctions: (1) for EA licensees,\40\ a firm with average annual gross 
revenues of not more than $6 million for the preceding three years and 
(2) for regional and nationwide licensees, a firm with average annual 
gross revenues of not more than $15 million for the preceding 3 
years.\41\ Since this definition has not yet been approved by the SBA, 
the FBI will use the SBA's definition applicable to radiotelephone 
companies. The FBI notes that while there are incumbents in this 
service, they are not commercial providers and will not, therefore, be 
affected by this rule. Since there have been no auctions for either 
service as of yet and the parameters of the industry have not been 
fully defined, any estimate of the number of small businesses who will 
seek to bid in the future auctions is not yet determined. Given the 
fact that nearly all radiotelephone companies have fewer than 1,000 
employees,\42\ and that no reliable estimate of the number of 
prospective licensees can be made, the FBI assumes, for the purposes of 
its evaluations and conclusion in this FRFA, that all of the licenses 
will be awarded to small entities, as that term is defined by the SBA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ 13 CFR 121.201, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 
Code 4812.
    \40\ EA licenses refer to the 60 channels in the 172 geographic 
economic areas as defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, 
Department of Commerce. See In the Matter of Amendment of Part 90 of 
the Commission's Rules to Provide for the Use of the 220-222 MHz 
Band by the Private Land Mobile Radio Service, Second Memorandum 
Opinion and Order and Third Notice of Proposed Rule Making, GN 
Docket 93-252, 10 FCC Rcd 188 (1995).
    \41\ See In the Matter of Amendment of Part 90 of the 
Commission's Rules to Provide for the Use of the 220-222 MHz Band by 
the Private Land Mobile Radio Service, Second Memorandum Opinion and 
Order and Third Notice of Proposed Rule Making, GN Docket 93-252, 10 
FCC Rcd 188 (1995).
    \42\ See U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, 
1992 Census of Transportation, communications, and Utilities, UC92-
S-1, Subject Series, Establishment and Firm Size, Table 5, 
Employment Size of Firms; 1992, SIC Code 4812 (issued May 1995).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Interconnected Business Services. Neither the FCC nor the SBA has 
developed a definition of small entities specifically applicable to 
providers of for-profit interconnected business services. The closest 
applicable definition under SBA rules is for radiotelephone (wireless) 
companies.\43\ The size data provided by the SBA does not enable the 
FBI to make a meaningful estimate of the number of for-profit 
interconnected business service providers which are small entities 
because it combines all radiotelephone companies with 500 or more 
employees.\44\ The Census Bureau reports that only 12 out of a total of 
1,178 radiotelephone firms which operated during 1992 had 1,000 or more 
employees.\45\ However, the FCC does not know how many of the 1,178 
firms were for-profit interconnected business service companies. 
Although there are in excess of 13,000 for-profit interconnected 
business service licenses, the FCC is unable to determine the number of 
for-profit interconnected business service licensees because a single 
licensee may own several licenses.\46\ Given these facts, the FBI 
assumes, for purposes of this FRFA, that all of the current inter-
connected business service licensees are small entities, as that term 
is defined by the SBA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ 13 CFR 121.201, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 
Code 4812.
    \44\ U.S. Small Business Administration 1992 Economic Census 
Employment Report, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of 
Commerce, SIC Code 4812 (radiotelephone communications industry data 
adopted by the SBA Office of Advocacy).
    \45\ 1992 Census, supra, at Firm Size 1-123.
    \46\ Amendment of the Commission's Rules to Permit Flexible 
Service Offerings in the Commercial Mobile Radio Services, First 
Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, WT 
Docket No. 96-6, 11 FCC Rcd 8965, 9025 (1996).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Cable System Operators (SIC 4841)
    The SBA has developed a definition of small entities for cable and 
other pay television services, which includes all such companies 
generating less than $11 million in revenue annually. This definition 
includes cable systems operators, closed circuit television services, 
direct broadcast satellite services, multipoint distribution systems, 
satellite master antenna systems and subscription television services. 
According to the Census

[[Page 13321]]

Bureau, there were 1,323 such cable and other pay television services 
generating less and $11 million in revenue that were in operation for 
at least one year at the end of 1992.\47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ 1992 Census, supra, at Firm Size 1-123.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The FCC has developed its own definition of a small cable system 
operator for the purposes of rate regulation. Under the FCC's rules, a 
``small cable company'' is one serving fewer than 400,000 subscribers 
nationwide.\48\ Based on the FCC's most recent information, the FBI 
estimates that there were 1,439 cable operators that qualified as small 
cable system operators at the end of 1995.\49\ Since then, some of 
those companies may have grown to serve over 400,000 subscribers, and 
others may have been involved in transactions that caused them to be 
combined with other cable operators. In addition, it is unlikely that 
many of the ``small cable companies'' will be engaging in activities as 
``telecommunications carriers'' as defined by CALEA. Consequently, the 
FBI estimates that there are significantly fewer than 1,439 small 
entity cable system operators that may be affected by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \48\ 47 CFR Sec. 76.901(e). The Commission developed this 
definition based on its determination that a small cable system 
operator is one with annual revenues of $100 million or less. 
Implementation of Sections of the 1992 Cable Act: Rate Regulation, 
Sixth Report and Order and Eleventh Order and Reconsideration, 10 
FCC Red 7393.
    \49\ Paul Kagan Associates, Inc., Cable TV Investor, Feb. 29, 
1996 (based on figures for Dec. 30, 1995).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Communications Act of 1934, as amended, also contains a 
definition of a small cable system operator, which is ``a cable 
operator that, directly or through an affiliate, serves in the 
aggregate fewer than 1 percent of all subscribers in the United States 
and is not affiliated with any entity or entities whose gross annual 
revenues in the aggregate exceed $250,000,000.'' \50\ There were 
63,196,310 basic cable subscribers at the end of 1995, and 1,450 cable 
system operators serving fewer than one percent (631,960) of 
subscribers.\51\ Although it seems certain that some of these cable 
system operators are affiliated with entities whose gross annual 
revenues exceed $250,000,000, the FBI is unable at this time to 
estimate with greater precision the number of cable system operators 
that would qualify as small cable operators under the definition of 
small cable system operator in the Communications Act of 1934.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ 47 U.S.C. 543(m)(2).
    \51\ Paul Kagan Associates, Inc., Cable TV Investor, Feb. 29, 
1996 (based on figures for Dec. 30, 1995).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements and 
Steps Taken to Minimize the Significant Economic Impact of This Report 
and Order on Small Entities, Including the Significant Alternatives 
Considered and Rejected

    Structure of the Analysis. In this section of the FRFA, the FBI 
analyzes the projected reporting, recordkeeping, and other compliance 
requirements that may apply to small entities as a result of this 
rule.\52\ As a part of this discussion, the FBI mentions some of the 
types of skills that will be needed to meet the new requirements. The 
FBI also describes the steps taken to minimize the economic impact of 
this rule on small entities, including the significant alternatives 
considered and rejected.\53\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ See 5 U.S.C. Sec. 604(a)(4).
    \53\ See 5 U.S.C. Sec. 604(a)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The FBI provides this information to provide context for its 
analysis in this FRFA. To the extent that any statement contained in 
this FRFA is perceived as creating ambiguity with respect to this rule, 
the rule shall be controlling.
1. Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements
    This rule requires carriers to submit cost estimates and requests 
for payment to the FBI to receive reimbursement with CALEA funds. To 
meet the reporting requirements for these submissions, carriers must 
submit quantitative cost data, such as labor rates, estimates, and 
invoices for equipment or services procured from subcontractors. This 
data is necessary to evaluate cooperative agreement proposals and 
subsequent requests for reimbursement under CALEA, and will be used to 
determine whether agreement prices are fair and reasonable.
    No forms are prescribed for these submissions; rather, in order to 
allow carriers to use their existing accounting systems, the rule 
simply prescribes the types of information and the headings for 
submissions. Carriers may then determine the best means of meeting the 
required submission of data in the way least burdensome for their 
staffs. The FBI anticipates that small carriers will have the least 
difficulty meeting the requirements because their accounting systems 
are less likely to require complex calculations or extensive 
explanations of such calculations.
    The FBI estimates that there are fewer than 3,497 small carriers, 
as discussed above, which could be affected by this rule over a 5 year 
period. Given the difficulty in determining with any accuracy the 
number of small carriers, for purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act 
of 1995, the FBI has calculated its estimate of the reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements on a per switch basis. There are 
approximately 23,000 switches which may require modification at some 
point during the 5 year CALEA implementation period. Therefore, given 
this 5 year time span, the total maximum number of annual responses 
from all carriers is estimated at 4,600. However, the very nature of 
small carriers ensures that the number of switches affect per year 
which are owned and operated by small carriers will be significantly 
less than 4,600. Based on the collection of similar data under the 
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and on the nature of the 
telecommunications industry, the time to read and prepare the required 
information for one switch is estimated at 4 hours. Therefore, an 
extremely small carrier with only one switch might have only 4 burden 
hours imposed whereas a larger carrier with 50 switches might have 200 
burden hours imposed.
    The recordkeeping necessitated by this rule is, for the most part, 
the same as that the carriers would do in the normal course of 
business. The only exception might be in the case of carriers which do 
not maintain site-specific records. These carriers would be required to 
maintain CALEA-specific records for audit purposes. This requirement is 
as much for the carrier's protection as for the needs of the 
Government, given that the development and maintenance of such records 
assure that the carrier will be able to provide the required 
information with the least disruption of its business should its 
acceptance and use of appropriated funds be audited by the Comptroller 
General.\54\ Finally, given that carriers are using their existing 
accounting systems, the accounting and financial management skills of 
their current personnel are all that is required by this rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ 31 U.S.C. 701 et seq. specifically, 31 U.S.C. 712 
authorizes the Comptroller General to investigate all matters 
related to the receipt, disbursement, and use of public money.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Steps taken to Minimize Burdens on Small Entities
    First, the guiding principle in the development of this rule was to 
allow the maximum range of compliance options to carriers dependent 
upon their own accounting systems. The rule was crafted such that it 
requires the minimum level of data submission possible which still 
allows the FBI to

[[Page 13322]]

meet its good stewardship responsibilities with respect to taxpayer 
funds. Furthermore, the dual mandate of CALEA requiring this rule to 
permit timely and cost-effective payment to carriers of costs directly 
associated with the compliance effort while minimizing the costs to the 
Government has limited the FBI's ability to be flexible in some areas 
such as the determination of allowable costs.
    Within this framework, the FBI has sought industry input at all 
stages of the rulemaking process. Initially, the FBI met with carriers 
and associations, such as NECA and PCIA, in order to explain the 
requirements of CALEA Sec. 109 and to solicit questions and comments 
from the industry.\55\ Using the industry input from these meetings, 
the FBI drafted the initial versions of the proposed rule. As each 
draft was completed, the FBI incorporated its outline and sections of 
actual text into the presentations the FBI continued to make to the 
industry. At this stage, the FBI met with representatives of both 
wireline and wireless carriers.\56\ In addition, the FBI presented to 
the Electronic Communications Service Provider (ECSP) committee both 
the outline of the draft proposed rule and an explanation of how such 
concepts as allowability and reasonableness of costs were being 
treated. In addition to carrier representatives, ECSP membership 
includes representatives of various associations, including CTIA, NECA, 
PCIA, and USTA. Again the FBI solicited comments and issued an open 
invitation to meet with anyone who wished to discuss the cost recovery 
rules further.\57\ Once the proposed rule was published, the FBI met 
again with the ECSP committee and with a variety of individual carriers 
and associations to provide supplemental explanations of the proposed 
rule and to once again solicit comments and extend the invitation to 
discuss the rule further.\58\ Finally, the FBI has maintained an on-
going dialogue with the telecommunications industry with regard to the 
CALEA cost recovery rules, both through meetings and in the responses 
to comments in the Supplementary Information of this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ January through September, 1995.
    \56\ October, 1995 through April, 1996.
    \57\ ECSP meeting held at Telecommunications Industry Liaison 
Unit's facility on November 15, 1995.
    \58\ May through July, 1996. ECSP meeting held at the 
Telecommunications Industry Liaison Unit's facility on June 26, 
1996.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to industry input, the FBI solicited advice from a 
number of other government entities including the Department of 
Justice, the FCC, the General Accounting Office, and the Office of 
Management and Budget. With specific regard to the needs of small 
carriers, the FBI has also actively sought the assistance of both the 
Office of Advocacy at the SBA and the Office of Communications Business 
Opportunities at the FCC.
    In addition the FBI is currently drafting a Small Business 
Compliance Guide (Guide) in accordance with SBREFA. This Guide will be 
provided to the SBA and the various associations representing the 
interests of small entities in telecommunications industry. It will 
also be available upon request from the FBI. and FBI small business 
liaison able to assist small carriers with the compliance process will 
also be identified in the Guide.
3. Significant Alternatives Considered and Rejected
    The FBI considered and rejected a number of alternatives prior to 
drafting its proposed rule. Initially, the FBI considered whether a new 
regulation was actually necessary. That some procedures were required 
was obvious from the mandate of CALEA 109(e) which directs the Attorney 
General to ``establish regulations necessary to effectuate timely and 
cost-effective payment to telecommunications carriers'' to reimburse 
carriers for certain compliance costs. However, it seemed possible that 
some existing regulations might be used for this purpose.
    First, the FBI considered using the FAR as a vehicle for carrying 
out reimbursement. However, it became readily apparent that this 
approach was nonproductive. The FAR was designed for Federal 
procurement actions in which the contractor not only recovers direct 
and indirect costs, but also makes a profit. CALEA specifically 
restricts reimbursement to costs directly associated with the 
modifications performed for CALEA compliance. In addition, the FAR 
could require that contractors maintain and use accounting systems 
which are compliant with the Cost Accounting Standards as set forth in 
48 CFR 30, ``Cost Accounting Standards'' (Part 30). Given that many of 
the telecommunications carriers, particularly those classified as small 
entities, could be required to implement entirely new accounting 
systems to meet this requirement,\59\ the FBI determined that using the 
FAR would impose far too great a burden. In addition, using the FAR 
could also violate the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 by requiring 
some carriers already subject to FCC reporting requirements to maintain 
duplicate records. Therefore, the FBI rejected this alternative.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ 48 CFR 9901.306 states that ``Cost Accounting Standards 
promulgated by the [Cost Accounting Standards Board] shall be 
mandatory for use by all executive agencies and by contractors and 
subcontractors in estimating, accumulating, and reporting costs in 
connection with pricing and administration of, and settlement of 
disputes concerning, all negotiated prime contract and subcontract 
procurements with the United States Government in excess of 
$500,000. * * *''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Second, the FBI considered using the FCC's accounting regulations 
found in 47 CFR 32, ``Uniform System of Accounts for Telecommunications 
Companies'' (Part 32) as a vehicle for carrying out reimbursement. 
However, it became readily apparent that this approach was also non-
productive. While large wireline carriers dealt with these regulations 
on a regular basis, many small wireline carriers were exempt from 
detailed reporting requirements. Furthermore, wireless carriers, a 
large number of which are classified as small entities, had never been 
bound by these regulations. Given that many of these small wireline and 
wireless carriers would be required to implement entirely new 
accounting systems to meet this requirement, the FBI determined that 
using Part 32 of the FCC's regulations would impose far too great a 
burden. Therefore, the FBI rejected this alternative.
    The FBI could identify no other existing regulations which might 
provide viable alternatives. Ultimately, the FBI determined that it was 
necessary to develop new regulations which were both industry and CALEA 
specific; this rule is the result of that development effort.
    In developing this rule, the FBI explored two options which might 
ease the regulatory burden on small entities. The FBI considered using 
a tiered system similar to those the FCC uses. The FBI also considered 
allowing small carriers to seek waivers of certain reporting 
requirements. However, this rule was crafted to permit reimbursement 
for the maximum amount allowable under CALEA and requires the minimum 
level of data submission possible that allows (1) The FBI to meet its 
good stewardship responsibilities with respect to taxpayer funds; and 
(2) the carriers to meet the requirements of an audit by the 
Comptroller General. In addition, the flexibility of the cooperative 
agreement process and the minimal nature of the reporting requirements 
obviate the need for any issuance of waivers. Therefore, the FBI 
determined that no special

[[Page 13323]]

exemptions or waivers for small carriers were viable.

D. Issues Raised and Alternatives Suggested in Response to the IRFA

    No comments were submitted specifically in response to the IRFA. In 
general comments on the proposed rule, however, some commenters raised 
issues that might affect small entities. Some commenters also proposed 
alternatives which they believed might ease the burden on small 
carriers.
1. Issues Raised
    Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements. Several commenters either 
classified as small entities for regulatory purposes or representing 
such small entities were concerned about what they perceived to be the 
excessive reporting and recordkeeping requirements of Sec. 100.16 and 
Sec. 100.17 of the proposed rule. These comments have been addressed at 
length both in the discussion of general comments received (Section C., 
Significant Comments and Changes) and in the discussion of reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements in this FRFA (Section C., 1. Reporting, 
Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements) above. In Section C., 
Significant Comments and Changes, small entities are specifically 
referred to comment responses 30 through 45, with emphasis on response 
32. The FBI has considerably clarified and streamlined the reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements and believes that this final rule 
reflects the least burdensome reporting and recordkeeping requirements 
possible with regard to small entities.
    Definition of ``First-Line Supervision''. One small wireless 
carrier expressed concern over the nature and definition of ``first-
line supervision'' as that phrase was used in proposed 
Sec. 100.11(b)(2) (``Allowable costs''; Allowable plant specific costs; 
first-line supervision). This commenter interpreted this subsection as 
excluding from eligibility for reimbursement the work of some 
individuals who, of necessity, perform many different functions in a 
small business. This was not the FBI's intent. For the purposes of 
reimbursement, it is not job title which matters, but rather the nature 
of the work performed. Therefore, if the CEO of a company also happens 
to be the engineer responsible for network engineering, the time that 
individual spends coordinating the integration of the CALEA compliant 
solution into the network will be reimbursable, while the time spent 
managing the general business affairs of the company will not be 
reimbursable. In addition to this explanation, the FBI has changed the 
term ``first-line supervision'' to the more commonly used ``direct 
supervision'' and has provided a definition of ``direct supervision'' 
in Sec. 100.10 of the final rule to clarify this issue in the rule.
    Burden of Proof. A few commenters either classified as small 
entities for regulatory purposes or representing such small entities 
were concerned about the burden of proof requirements in proposed 
Sec. 100.12(a)(1), Sec. 100.12(a)(2), Sec. 100.13(a)(3), and 
Sec. 100.14(b). These subsections establish that no presumption of 
reasonableness is attached to the incurrence of costs by a carrier and 
that burden of proof that a cost is reasonable for the purposes of 
CALEA reimbursement rests with the carrier. The commenters believed 
that the burden of proof might be too onerous for small entities, 
particularly with respect to supporting documentation submission. These 
comments have been specifically addressed in the discussion of general 
comments received (Section C., Significant Comments and Changes) and 
generally addressed in the discussion of reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements in this FRFA (Section C., 1. Reporting, Recordkeeping, and 
Other Compliance Requirements) above. In Section C., Significant 
Comments and Changes, small entities are specifically referred to 
comment responses 17, 18, and 21.
    It must be noted that small entities will be required to submit 
supplementary documentation meeting the burden of proof only if a 
question arises regarding a specific cost on a cost estimate or request 
for payment. In addition, the specifics of what constitutes adequate 
documentation to meet the burden of proof will be definitized during 
the cooperative agreement process. The FBI is cognizant of the special 
needs of small carriers and will make every effort to work with small 
carriers to tailor the burden of proof requirements to meet their needs 
during the cooperative agreement process. Furthermore, the FBI 
anticipates that small carriers will have the least difficulty meeting 
the requirements because their accounting systems are less likely to 
entail complex calculations and, therefore, less likely to require 
extensive supporting explanations of such calculations.
    Carrier Responsibility for Sole-Source Suppliers. Several 
commenters, either classified as small entities for regulatory purposes 
or representing the interests of such small entities, expressed concern 
that holding small carriers responsible for the cost data of their 
sole-source sup-pliers [proposed Sec. 100.19(c)(1)] was unduly 
burdensome. Specifically, these commenters asserted that small entities 
have little control over their sole-source suppliers because of the 
nature of their networks and their inability to make bulk purchases. 
The FBI is cognizant of this situation and is prepared to make 
accommodations for such situations during the cooperative agreement 
process with small carriers. However, this provision exists to ensure 
that all carriers make a good faith effort to seek the most cost-
effective solutions for their networks. The FBI requires only that 
small carriers negotiate prices with their sole-source suppliers for 
CALEA-related work in the same manner that these small carriers would 
negotiate if the work were solely to benefit their businesses. 
Therefore, the FBI cannot relieve small carriers of this 
responsibility.
2. Alternatives Suggested
    Tiered System. One association representing the interests of small 
carriers suggested that the FBI institute a tiered system, similar to 
the FCC's, for the reporting requirements of this rule. In developing 
this rule, the FBI did consider using a tiered system as a means of 
easing the burden on small entities. However, this rule permits 
reimbursement for the maximum amount allowable under CALEA and requires 
the minimum level of data submission possible that allows (1) The FBI 
to meet its good stewardship responsibilities with respect to taxpayer 
funds; and (2) the carriers to meet the requirements of an audit by the 
Comptroller General. Therefore, the FBI determined that no exemptions 
based upon carrier size were feasible and that no tiered system could 
be implemented. Therefore, this proposed alternative was rejected.
    FCC Collaboration/Rulemaking. One commenter, which was not a small 
entity, suggested that the FBI and DOJ collaborate with the FCC to 
determine the best mechanism for ensuring compliance with CALEA. The 
commenter asserted that this would yield greater input from industry, 
allow for coordination and consistent application of telecommunications 
law and policy, and allow the FBI to use FCC developed rules and 
procedures permitting the use of established industry cost allocation 
manuals.
    First, the FBI did consult with the FCC in the development of these 
rules. Specifically, the FBI consulted with the FCC in order to ensure 
consistent application of telecommunications law and policy in the 
development of this rule. The FBI also drew on the FCC's

[[Page 13324]]

considerable knowledge of the telecommunications industry during the 
development of this rule. Second, the FBI strove for the maximum 
industry input, not only by publishing the proposed notice in the 
Federal Register requesting comment, but also by meeting with industry 
representatives and associations during the development process and, 
concurrent with publication, directly soliciting input by all parties 
which had requested that they be included on the proposed rule 
distribution list. Furthermore, the FBI made every effort to distribute 
the proposed rule to the various industry-related associations in order 
to reach the broadest commenter possible. Thus, the FBI is confident 
that it did receive input from the industry. Lastly, using industry 
established cost allocation manuals, which establish fully distributed 
cost methodologies, is not a viable option under CALEA's mandate to 
reimburse only for directly associated costs. Therefore, this proposed 
alternative was rejected.
    Keep Cost System. One commenter, which was not a small entity, 
suggested that the FBI allow carriers to use their existing keep cost 
system. This system, which is used by many large carriers, is a cost 
accumulation system that allows the user to identify costs to specific 
accumulation points. These rules do not preclude the use of carriers 
existing systems to the extent that the system can exclude or 
specifically identify costs that are not allowable under CALEA. 
However, if the FBI were to prescribe this type of system, many 
carriers, especially those classified as small entities, could be 
forced to alter their existing accounting systems. Therefore, this 
proposed alternative was rejected.
    Rural Utility Services Loan Proposal Forms. One association 
representing the interest of small carriers suggested that the FBI use 
the existing Rural Utility Services loan proposal form for cost data 
submission given that it already exists and that small carriers 
understand the form. The FBI reviewed the form and its underlying 
requirements and found that some of the information required is 
similar. However, the form itself requires unnecessary details and 
information not applicable to CALEA. Use of this form could, therefore, 
cause confusion within the industry as to what is required under CALEA. 
Additionally, not all small carriers are familiar with this form. 
Therefore, this potential alternative was rejected.
    Separate Rules for the Wireless Industry. One association 
representing the interests of wireless carriers suggested that the FBI 
implement separate rules for wireless carriers because their accounting 
systems were different from those prescribed for wireline carriers. 
However, as long as wireless carriers are using accounting systems 
which generate financial statements which are in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles, the final rule will allow 
wireless providers to use their current accounting systems to meet 
requirements of this rule. Therefore, this potential alternative was 
rejected.

E. Conclusion

    The FBI believes this rule is fair to small entities and is 
committed to assisting them in complying with it. The FBI intends to 
maintain an on-going dialogue with the Office of Advocacy at the SBA 
and with representatives of small carriers, both wireline and wireless, 
with regard to the development of the Small Business Compliance Guide. 
In addition, the FBI is in the process of identifying a small business 
liaison for CALEA reimbursement issues to ensure that small carriers 
are provided with the information and assistance they need to comply 
with this rule in the least burdensome manner possible.
    Finally, small carriers are reminded that they are in no way 
obligated to expend funds on modifications eligible for reimbursement 
pursuant to CALEA sections 109(a), 109(b)(2) and 104(e) prior to the 
execution of a cooperative agreement. Therefore, in the event they are 
selected for reimbursement, they will have both the direct assistance 
of the FBI's contracting officer and the opportunity to tailor the 
cooperative agreement to meet their special needs.

List of Subjects in 28 CFR Part 100

    Accounting, Law enforcement, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Telecommunications, Wiretapping and electronic 
surveillance.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, 28 CFR chapter I is 
amended by adding part 100 to read as follows:

PART 100--COST RECOVERY REGULATIONS, COMMUNICATIONS ASSISTANCE FOR 
LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1994

Sec.
100.9   General.
100.10  Definitions.
100.11  Allowable costs.
100.12  Reasonable costs.
100.13  Directly assignable costs.
100.14  Directly allocable costs.
100.15  Disallowed costs.
100.16  Cost estimate submission.
100.17  Request for payment.
100.18  Audit.
100.19  Adjustments to agreement estimate.
100.20  Confidentiality of trade secrets/proprietary information.
100.21  Alternative dispute resolution.

    Authority: 47 U.S.C. 1001-1010; 28 CFR 0.85(o).


Sec. 100.9  General.

    These Cost Recovery Regulations were developed to define allowable 
costs and establish reimbursement procedures in accordance with section 
109(e) of Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) 
(Public Law 103-414, 108 Stat. 4279, 47 U.S.C. 1001-1010). 
Reimbursement of costs is subject to the availability of funds, the 
reasonableness of costs, and an agreement by the Attorney General or 
designee to reimburse costs prior to the carrier's incurrence of said 
costs.


Sec. 100.10  Definitions.

    Allocable means chargeable to one or more cost objectives and can 
be distributed to them in reasonable proportion to the benefits 
received.
    Business unit means any segment of an organization for which cost 
data are routinely accumulated by the carrier for tracking and 
measurement purposes.
    Cooperative agreement means the legal instrument reflecting a 
relationship between the government and a party when--
    (1) The principal purpose of the relationship is to reimburse the 
carrier to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation 
authorized by a law of the United States; and
    (2) Substantial involvement is expected between the government and 
carrier when carrying out the activity contemplated in the agreement.
    Cost element means a distinct component or category of costs (e.g. 
materials, direct labor, allocable direct costs, subcontracting costs, 
other costs) which is assigned to a cost objective.
    Cost objective means a function, organizational subdivision, 
contract, or other work unit for which cost data are desired and for 
which provision is made to accumulate and measure the cost of 
processes, products, jobs, capitalized projects, etc.
    Cost pool means groupings of incurred costs identified with two or 
more cost objectives, but not identified specifically with any final 
cost objective.
    Direct supervision means immediate or first-level supervision.
    Directly allocable cost means any cost that is directly chargeable 
to one or more cost objectives and can be distributed to them in 
reasonable proportion to the benefits received.

[[Page 13325]]

    Directly assignable cost means any cost that can be wholly 
attributed to a cost objective.
    Directly associated cost means any directly assignable cost or 
directly allocable cost which is generated solely as a result of 
incurring another cost, and which would not have been incurred had the 
said cost not been incurred.
    Final cost objective means a cost objective that has allocated to 
it, both assignable and allocable costs and, in the carrier's 
accumulation system, is one of the final accumulation points.
    Installed or deployed means that, on a specific switching system, 
equipment, facilities, or services are operable and available for use 
by the carrier's customers.
    Labor cost means the sum of the payroll cost, payroll taxes, and 
directly associated benefits.
    Network operations costs means all directly associated costs 
related to the ongoing management and maintenance of a 
telecommunications carrier's network.
    Plant costs means the directly associated costs related to the 
modifications of specific kinds of telecommunications plants, such as 
switches, intelligent peripherals and other network elements. These 
costs shall include the costs of inspecting, testing and reporting on 
the condition of telecommunications plant to determine the need for 
replacements, rearranges and changes; rearranging and changing the 
location of plant not retired; inspecting after modifications have been 
made; the costs of modifying equipment records, such as administering 
trunking and circuit layout work; modifying operating procedures; 
property held for future telecommunications use; provisioning costs; 
network operations costs; and receiving training to perform plant work. 
Also included are the costs of direct supervision and office support of 
this work.
    Provisioning costs means all costs directly associated with the 
resources expended within a telecommunications carrier's network to 
provide a connection and/or service to an end user of the 
telecommunications service.
    Trade secrets/proprietary information means information which is in 
the possession of a carrier but not generally available to the public, 
which that carrier desires to protect against unrestricted disclosure 
or competitive use, and which is clearly identified as such at the time 
of its disclosure to the government.
    Unit cost means the directly associated cost of a single unit of a 
good or service which is included in a cost element.


Sec. 100.11  Allowable costs.

    (a) Costs that are eligible for reimbursement under section 109(e) 
CALEA are:
    (1) All reasonable plant costs directly associated with the 
modifications performed by carriers in connection with equipment, 
facilities, and services installed or deployed on or before January 1, 
1995, to establish the capabilities necessary to comply with section 
103 of CALEA, until the equipment, facility, or service is replaced or 
significantly upgraded or otherwise undergoes major modifications;
    (2) Additional reasonable plant costs directly associated with 
making the assistance capability requirements found in section 103 of 
CALEA reasonably achievable with respect to equipment, facilities, or 
services installed or deployed after January 1, 1995, in accordance 
with the procedures established in CALEA section 109(b); and
    (3) Reasonable plant costs directly associated with modifications 
to any of a carrier's systems or services, as identified in the Carrier 
Statement required by CALEA section 104(d), that do not have the 
capacity to accommodate simultaneously the number of interceptions, pen 
registers, and trap and trace devices set forth in the Capacity 
Notice(s) published in accordance with CALEA section 104.
    (b) Allowable plant costs shall include:
    (1) The costs of installation, inspection, and testing of the 
telecommunications plant, and inspection after modifications have been 
made; and
    (2) The costs of direct supervision and office support for this 
work for plant costs.
    (c) In the case of any modification that may be used for any 
purpose other than lawfully authorized electronic surveillance by a 
government law enforcement agency, this part permits recovery of only 
the incremental cost of making the modification suitable for such law 
enforcement purposes.
    (d) Reasonable costs that are directly associated with the 
modifications performed by a carrier as described in Sec. 100.11(a) are 
recoverable. These allowable costs are limited to directly assignable 
and directly allocable costs incurred by the business units whose 
efforts are expended on the implementation of CALEA requirements.


Sec. 100.12  Reasonable costs.

    (a) A cost is reasonable if, in its nature and amount, it does not 
exceed that which would be incurred by a prudent person in the conduct 
of competitive business. Reasonableness of specific costs must be 
examined with particular care in connection with the carrier or its 
separate divisions that may not be subject to effective competitive 
restraints.
    (1) No presumption of reasonableness shall be attached to the 
incurrence of costs by a carrier.
    (2) The burden of proof shall be upon the carrier to justify that 
such cost is reasonable under this part.
    (b) Reasonableness depends upon considerations and circumstances, 
including, but not limited to:
    (1) Whether a cost is of the type generally recognized as ordinary 
and necessary for the conduct of the carrier's business or the 
performance of this obligation; or
    (2) Whether it is a generally accepted sound business practice, 
arm's-length bargaining or the result of Federal or State laws and/or 
regulations.
    (c) It is the carrier's responsibility to inform the Government of 
any deviation from the carrier's established practices.


Sec. 100.13  Directly assignable costs.

    (a) A cost is directly assignable to the CALEA compliance effort if 
it is a plant cost incurred specifically to meet the requirements of 
CALEA sections 103 and 104.
    (1) A cost which has been incurred for the same purpose, in like 
circumstances, and which has been included in any allocable cost pool 
to be assigned to any final cost objective other than the CALEA 
compliance effort, shall not be assigned to the CALEA compliance effort 
(or any portion thereof).
    (2) Costs identified specifically with the work performed are 
directly assignable costs to be charged directly to the CALEA 
compliance effort. All costs specifically identified with other 
projects, business units, or cost objectives of the carrier shall not 
be charged to the CALEA compliance effort, directly or indirectly.
    (3) The burden of proof shall be upon the carrier to justify that 
such cost is an assignable cost under this part.
    (b) For reasons of practicality, any directly assignable cost may 
be treated as a directly allocable cost if the accounting treatment is 
consistently applied within the carrier's accounting system and the 
application produces substantially the same results as treating the 
cost as a directly assignable cost.


Sec. 100.14  Directly allocable costs.

    (a) A cost is directly allocable to the CALEA compliance effort:

[[Page 13326]]

    (1) If it is a plant cost incurred specifically to meet the 
requirements of CALEA sections 103 and 104; or
    (2) If it benefits both the CALEA compliance effort and other work, 
and can be distributed to them in reasonable proportion to the benefits 
received.
    (b) The burden of proof shall be upon the carrier to justify that 
such cost is an allocable cost under this part.
    (c) An allocable cost shall not be assigned to the CALEA compliance 
effort if other costs incurred for the same purpose in like 
circumstances have been included as a direct cost of that, or any 
other, cost objective.
    (d) The accumulation of allocable costs shall be as follows:
    (1) Allocable costs shall be accumulated by logical cost groupings 
with due consideration of the reasons for incurring such costs.
    (i) Each grouping should be determined so as to permit distribution 
of the grouping on the basis of the benefits accruing to the multiple 
cost objectives.
    (ii) Similarly, the particular case may require subdivision of 
these groupings (e.g., building occupancy costs might be separable from 
those of personnel administration within the engineering group).
    (2) Such allocation necessitates selecting a distribution base 
common to all cost objectives to which the grouping is to be allocated. 
The base should be selected so as to permit allocation of the grouping 
on the basis of the benefits accruing to the multiple cost objectives.
    (3) When substantially the same results can be achieved through 
less precise methods, the number and composition of cost groupings 
should be governed by practical considerations and should not unduly 
complicate the allocation.
    (4) Once a methodology for determining an appropriate base for 
distributing allocable costs has been agreed to, it shall not be 
modified without written approval of the FBI, if that modification 
affects the level of reimbursement from the government. All items 
properly includable in an allocable cost base should bear a pro rata 
share of allocable costs irrespective of their acceptance as 
reimbursable under this part.
    (5) The carrier's method of allocating allocable costs shall be in 
accordance with the accounting principles used by the carrier in the 
preparation of their externally audited financial statements and 
consistently applied, to the extent that the expenses are allowable 
under there regulations. The method may require further examination 
when:
    (i) Substantial differences occur between the cost patterns of work 
under CALEA compliance effort and the carrier's other work;
    (ii) Significant changes occur in the nature of the business, the 
extent of subcontracting, fixed-asset improvement programs, 
inventories, the volume of sales and production, manufacturing 
processes, the carrier's products, or other relevant circumstances; or
    (iii) Allocable cost groupings developed for a carrier's primary 
location are applied to off-site locations. Separate cost groupings for 
costs allocable to off-site locations may be necessary to permit 
equitable distribution of costs on the basis of the benefits accruing 
to the multiple cost objectives.
    (6) The base period for allocating allocable costs is the cost 
accounting period during which such costs are incurred and accumulated 
for distribution to work performed in that period. The base period for 
allocating allocable costs will normally be the carrier's fiscal year. 
A shorter period may be appropriate when performance involves only a 
minor portion of the fiscal year, or when it is general practice to use 
a shorter period. When the compliance effort is performed over an 
extended period, as many base periods shall be used as are required to 
accurately represent the period of performance.


Sec. 100.15  Disallowed costs.

    (a) General and Administrative (G&A) costs are disallowed. G&A 
costs include, but are not limited to, any management, financial, and 
other expenditures which are incurred by or allocated to a business 
unit as a whole. These include, but are not limited to:
    (1) Accounting and Finance, External Relations, Human Resources, 
Information Management, Legal, Procurement; and
    (2) Other general administrative activities such as library 
services, food services, archives, and general security investigation 
services.
    (b) Customer Service costs are disallowed. These costs include, but 
are not limited to, any Marketing, Sales, Product Management, and 
Advertising expenses.
    (c) Plant costs that are not directly associated with the 
modifications identified in Sec. 100.11 are disallowed. These include, 
but are not limited to, repairing materials for reuse, performing 
routine work to prevent trouble; expenses related to property held for 
future telecommunications use; provisioning costs; network operations 
costs; and depreciation and amortization expenses.
    (d) Costs that have already been recovered from any governmental or 
nongovernmental entity are disallowed.
    (e) Costs that cannot be either directly assigned or directly 
allocated are disallowed.
    (f) Additional costs that are incurred due to the carrier's failure 
to complete the CALEA compliance effort in the time frame agreed to by 
the government and the carrier are disallowed.
    (g) Costs associated with modifications of any equipment, facility 
or service installed or deployed after January 1, 1995 which are deemed 
reasonably achievable by the Federal Communications Commission under 
section 109(b) of CALEA are disallowed.
    (h) To ensure that the Government does not reimburse carriers for 
disallowed costs, the following provisions are included:
    (1) Costs that are expressly disallowed or mutually agreed to be 
disallowed, including mutually agreed to be disallowed directly 
associated costs, shall be excluded from any billing, claim, or 
proposal applicable to reimbursement under CALEA. When a disallowed 
cost is incurred, its directly associated costs are also disallowed.
    (2) Disallowed costs involved in determining rates used for 
standard costs, or for allocable cost proposals or billing, need be 
identified only at the time rates are proposed, established, revised, 
or adjusted. These requirements may be satisfied by any form of cost 
identification which is adequate for purposes of cost determination and 
verification.


Sec. 100.16  Cost estimate submission.

    (a) The carrier shall provide sufficient cost data at the time of 
proposal submission to allow adequate analysis and evaluation of the 
estimated costs. The FBI reserves the right to request additional cost 
data from carriers in order to ensure compliance with this part.
    (b) The requirement for submission of cost data is met if, as 
determined by the FBI, all cost data reasonably available to the 
carrier are either submitted or identified in writing by the date of 
agreement on the costs.
    (c) If cost data and information to explain the estimating process 
are required by the FBI and the carrier refuses to provide necessary 
data, or the FBI determines that the data provided are so deficient as 
to preclude adequate analysis and evaluation, the FBI will attempt to 
obtain the data and/or elicit corrective action.

[[Page 13327]]

    (d) Instructions for submission of the cost data for the estimate 
are as follows:
    (1) The carrier shall submit to the FBI estimated costs by line 
item with supporting information.
    (2) A cost element breakdown as described in Sec. 100.16(h) shall 
be attached for each proposed line item.
    (3) Supporting breakdowns shall be furnished for each cost element, 
consistent with the carrier's cost accounting system.
    (4) When more than one line item is proposed, summary total amounts 
covering all line items shall be furnished for each cost element.
    (5) Depending on the carrier's accounting system, the carrier shall 
provide breakdowns for the following categories of cost elements, as 
applicable:
    (i) Materials. Provide a consolidated cost summary of individual 
material quantities included in the various tasks, orders, or agreement 
line items being proposed and the basis upon which they were developed 
(vendor quotes, invoice prices, etc.). Include raw materials, parts, 
software, components, and assemblies. For all items proposed, identify 
the item, source, quantity, and cost.
    (ii) Direct labor. Provide a time-phased (e.g., monthly, quarterly) 
breakdown of labor hours, rates, and costs by appropriate category, and 
furnish the methodologies used in developing estimates.
    (iii) Allocable direct costs. Indicate how allocable costs are 
computed and applied, including cost breakdowns that provide a basis 
for evaluating the reasonableness of proposed rates.
    (iv) Subcontracting costs. For any subcontractor costs submitted 
for reimbursement, the carrier is responsible for ensuring that 
documentation requirements set forth herein are passed on to any and 
all subcontractors utilized in the carrier's efforts to meet CALEA 
requirements.
    (v) Other costs. List all other costs not otherwise included in the 
categories described above (e.g., special tooling, travel, computer and 
consultant services) and provide bases for costs.
    (e) As part of the specific information required, the carrier shall 
submit with its cost estimate and clearly identify as such, costs that 
are verifiable and factual. In addition, the carrier shall submit 
information reasonably required to explain its estimating process, 
including:
    (1) The judgmental factors applied, such as trends or budgetary 
data, and the mathematical or other methods used in the estimate, 
including those used in projecting from known data; and
    (2) The nature and amount of any contingencies included in the 
proposed estimate.
    (f) There is a clear distinction between submitting cost data and 
merely making available books, records, and other documents without 
identification. The requirement for submission of cost data is met when 
all accurate cost data reasonably available to the carrier have been 
submitted, either actually or by specific identification, to the FBI.
    (g) In submitting its estimate, the carrier must include an index, 
appropriately referenced, of all the cost data and information 
accompanying or identified in the estimate. In addition, any future 
additions and/or revisions, up to the date of agreement on the costs, 
must be annotated in a supplemental index.
    (h) Headings for submission are as follows:
    (1) Total Project Cost: Summary
    (i) Cost Elements (Enter appropriate cost elements.)
    (ii) Proposed Cost Estimate--Total Cost (Enter those necessary and 
reasonable costs that in the carrier's judgment will properly be 
incurred in efficient completion of CALEA requirements. When any of the 
costs in this have already been incurred (e.g., under a letter 
contract), describe them on an attached supporting schedule.)
    (iii) Proposed Cost Estimate--Unit Cost (Enter the unit costs for 
each cost element.)
    (iv) Supporting Material (Identify the attachment in which the 
information supporting the specific cost element may be found.)
    (2) Total Project Costs: Detail (at Switch Level or Project Level, 
as appropriate)
    (i) Cost Elements (Enter appropriate cost elements.)
    (ii) Proposed Cost Estimate--Total Cost (Enter those necessary and 
reasonable costs that in the carrier's judgment will properly be 
incurred in efficient completion of CALEA requirements. When any of the 
costs in this have already been incurred (e.g., under a letter 
contract), describe them on an attached supporting schedule.)
    (iii) Proposed Cost Estimate--Unit Cost (Enter the unit costs for 
each cost element.)
    (iv) Supporting Material (Identify the attachment in which the 
information supporting the specific cost element may be found.)


Sec. 100.17  Request for payment.

    (a) The carrier shall provide sufficient supporting documentation 
at the time of submission of request for payment to allow adequate 
analysis and evaluation of the incurred costs. The FBI reserves the 
right to request additional cost data from carriers in order to ensure 
compliance with this part.
    (b) Instructions for submission of the supporting documentation for 
the request for payment are as follows:
    (1) The carrier shall submit to the FBI incurred costs by line item 
with supporting information.
    (2) A cost element breakdown as described in Sec. 100.17(f) shall 
be attached for each agreed upon line item.
    (3) Supporting breakdowns shall be furnished for each cost element, 
consistent with the carrier's cost accounting system.
    (c) When more than one line item has been agreed upon, summary 
total amounts covering all line items shall be furnished for each cost 
element. Depending on the carrier's accounting system, breakdowns shall 
be provided to the FBI for the following categories of cost elements, 
as applicable:
    (1) Materials. Provide a consolidated cost summary of individual 
material quantities included in the various tasks, orders, or agreement 
line items and the basis upon which they were determined (vendor 
invoices, time sheets, payroll records, etc.). Include raw materials, 
parts, software, components, and assemblies. For all reimbursable 
items, identify the item, source, quantity, and cost.
    (2) Direct labor. Provide a breakdown of labor hours, rates, and 
cost by appropriate category, and furnish the methodologies used in 
identifying these costs. Have available for audit, in accordance with 
Sec. 100.18, time sheet and labor rate calculation justification for 
all direct labor charged to the agreement.
    (3) Allocable direct costs. Indicate how allocable costs are 
computed and applied, including cost breakdowns, comparing estimates to 
actual data as a basis for evaluating the reasonableness of actual 
costs.
    (4) Subcontracting costs. For any subcontractor costs submitted for 
reimbursement, along with a copy of the invoice, the carrier must have 
available for audit in accordance with Sec. 100.18, documentation that 
costs incurred are just and reasonable.
    (5) Other costs. List all other costs not otherwise included in the 
categories described above (e.g., special tooling, travel, computer and 
consultant services) and have available for audit in accordance with 
Sec. 100.18, documentation that costs incurred are just and reasonable.
    (d) There is a clear distinction between submitting cost data and 
merely making available books, records,

[[Page 13328]]

and other documents without identification.
    (1) The requirement for submission of cost data is met when all 
accurate cost data reasonably available to the carrier have been 
submitted, either actually or by specific identification of the data 
that are available for review in the carrier's files, to the FBI.
    (2) Should later information which affects the level of 
reimbursement come into the carrier's possession, it must be promptly 
submitted to the FBI.
    (3) The requirement for submission of cost data continues up to the 
time of final reimbursement.
    (e) In submitting its invoice, the carrier must include an index, 
which cross references the actual cost data submitted with the cost 
estimate.
    (f) Headings for submission are as follows:
    (1) Total Project Cost: Summary
    (i) Cost Elements (Enter appropriate cost elements.)
    (ii) Actual Costs Incurred--Total Cost (Enter those necessary and 
reasonable costs that were incurred in the efficient completion of 
CALEA requirements.)
    (iii) Actual Costs Incurred--Unit Cost (Enter the unit costs for 
each cost element.)
    (iv) Supporting Material (Identify the attachment in which the 
information supporting the specific cost element may be found.)
    (2) Total Project Costs: Detail (at Switch Level or Project Level, 
as appropriate.)
    (i) Cost Elements (Enter appropriate cost elements.)
    (ii) Actual Costs Incurred--Total Cost (Enter those necessary and 
reasonable costs that were incurred in the efficient completion of 
CALEA requirements.)
    (iii) Actual Costs Incurred--Unit Cost (Enter the unit costs for 
each cost element.)
    (iv) Supporting Material (Identify the attachment in which the 
information supporting the specific cost element may be found.)


Sec. 100.18  Audit.

    (a) General. In order to evaluate the accuracy, completeness, and 
timeliness of the cost data, the FBI or other representatives of the 
Government shall have the right to examine and audit all of the 
carrier's supporting materials.
    (1) These materials include, but are not limited to books, records, 
documents, and other data, regardless of form (e.g., machine readable 
media such as disk, tape) or type (e.g., data bases, applications 
software, data base management software, utilities), including 
computations and projections related to proposing, negotiating, 
costing, or performing CALEA compliance efforts or modifications.
    (2) The right of examination shall extend to all documents 
necessary to permit adequate evaluation of the cost data submitted, 
along with the computations and projections used.
    (b) Audits of request for payment. The carrier shall maintain and 
the FBI or representatives of the Government shall have the right to 
examine and audit supporting materials.
    (1) These materials include, but are not limited to, books, 
records, documents, and other evidence and accounting procedures and 
practices, regardless of form (e.g., machine readable media such as 
disk, tape) or type (e.g., date bases, applications software, data base 
management software, utilities), sufficient to reflect properly all 
costs claimed to have been incurred, or anticipated to be incurred, in 
performing the CALEA compliance effort.
    (2) This right of examination shall include inspection at all 
reasonable times of the carrier's plants, or parts of them, engaged in 
performing the effort.
    (c) Reports. If the carrier is required to furnish cost, funding, 
or performance reports, the FBI or representatives of the Government 
shall have the right to examine and audit books, records, other 
documents, and supporting materials, for the purpose of evaluating the 
effectiveness of the carrier's policies and procedures to produce data 
compatible with the objectives of these reports and the data reported.
    (d) Availability. The carrier shall make available at its office at 
all reasonable times the costs and support material described herein, 
for examination, audit, or reproduction, until three (3) years after 
final reimbursement payment. In addition,
    (1) If the CALEA compliance effort is completely or partially 
terminated, the records relating to the work terminated shall be made 
available for three (3) years after any resulting final termination 
settlement; and
    (2) Records relating to appeals, litigation or the settlement of 
claims arising under or relating to the CALEA compliance effort shall 
be made available until such appeals, litigation, or claims are 
disposed of.
    (e) Subcontractors. The carrier shall ensure that all terms and 
conditions herein are incorporated in any agreement with a 
subcontractor that may be utilized by the carrier to perform any or all 
portions of the agreement.


Sec. 100.19  Adjustments to agreement estimate.

    (a) Adjustments prior to the incurrence of a cost.
    (1) In accordance with Sec. 100.17(d)(2), the carrier shall notify 
the FBI when any change affecting the level of reimbursement occurs.
    (2) Upon such notification, if the adjustment results in an 
increase in the estimated reimbursement, the FBI will review the 
submission and determine if
    (i) Funds are available;
    (ii) The adjustment is justified and necessary to accomplish the 
goals of the agreement; and
    (iii) It is in the best interest of the government to approve the 
expenditure.
    (3) The FBI will provide the decision as to the acceptability of 
any increase to the carrier in writing.
    (b) Adjustments after the incurrence of a cost. Any cost incurred 
that exceeds the provision in Sec. 100.16(e)(2) will be reviewed by the 
FBI to determine reasonability, allowability, and if it is in the best 
interest of the government to approve the expenditure for 
reimbursement.
    (c) Reduction for defective cost data.
    (1) The cost shall be reduced accordingly and the agreement shall 
be modified to reflect the reduction if any cost estimate negotiated in 
connection with the CALEA compliance effort, or any cost reimbursable 
under the effort is increased because:
    (i) The carrier or a subcontractor furnished cost data to the 
government that were not complete, accurate, and current;
    (ii) A subcontractor or prospective subcontractor furnished the 
cost data to the carrier that were not complete, accurate, and current; 
or
    (iii) Any of these parties furnished data of any description that 
were not accurate.
    (2) Any reduction in the negotiated cost under Sec. 100.19(c)(1) 
due to defective data from a prospective subcontractor that was not 
subsequently awarded the subcontract shall be limited to the amount by 
which either the actual subcontract or the actual cost to the carrier, 
if there was no subcontract, was less than the prospective subcontract 
cost estimate submitted by the carrier, provided that the actual 
subcontract cost was not itself affected by defective cost data.
    (3) If the FBI determines under Sec. 100.19(c)(1) that a cost 
reduction should be made, the carrier shall not raise the following 
matters as a defense:
    (i) The carrier or subcontractor was a sole source supplier or 
otherwise was in a superior bargaining position and thus the costs of 
the agreement would not

[[Page 13329]]

have been modified even if accurate, complete, and current cost data 
had been submitted;
    (ii) The FBI should have known that the cost data at issue were 
defective even though the carrier or subcontractor took no affirmative 
action to bring the character of the data to the attention of the FBI;
    (iii) The carrier or subcontractor did not submit accurate cost 
data. Except as prohibited, an offset in an amount determined 
appropriate by the FBI based upon the facts shall be allowed against 
the cost reimbursement of an agreement amount reduction if the carrier 
certifies to the FBI that, to the best of the carrier's knowledge and 
belief, the carrier is entitled to the offset in the amount requested 
and the carrier proves that the cost data were available before the 
date of agreement on the cost of the agreement (or cost of the 
modification) and that the data were not submitted before such date. An 
offset shall not be allowed if the understated data were known by the 
carrier to be understated when the agreement was signed; or the 
Government proves that the facts demonstrate that the agreement amount 
would not have increased even if the available data had been submitted 
before the date of agreement on cost; or
    (4) In the event of an overpayment, the carrier shall be liable to 
and shall pay the United States at that time such overpayment as was 
made, with simple interest on the amount of such overpayment to be 
computed from the date(s) of overpayment to the carrier to the date the 
Government is repaid by the carrier at the applicable underpayment rate 
effective for each quarter prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury 
under 26 U.S.C. 6621(a)(2).


Sec. 100.20  Confidentiality of trade secrets/proprietary information.

    With respect to any information provided to the FBI under this part 
that is identified as company proprietary information, it shall be 
treated as privileged and confidential and only shared within the 
government on a need-to-know basis. It shall not be disclosed outside 
the government for any reason inclusive of Freedom of Information 
requests, without the prior written approval of the company. 
Information provided will be used exclusively for the implementation of 
CALEA. This restriction does not limit the government's right to use 
the information provided if obtained from any other source without 
limitation.


Sec. 100.21  Alternative dispute resolution.

    (a) If an impasse arises in negotiations between the FBI and the 
carrier which precludes the execution of a cooperative agreement, the 
FBI will consider using mediation with the goal of achieving, in a 
timely fashion, a consensual resolution of all outstanding issues 
through facilitated negotiations.
    (b) Should the carrier agree to mediation, the costs of that 
mediation process shall be shared equally by the FBI and the carrier.
    (c) Each mediation shall be governed by a separate mediation 
agreement prepared by the FBI and the carrier.

    Dated: February 25, 1997.
Louis Freeh,
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice.
[FR Doc. 97-7035 Filed 3-19-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-02-M