DOE/EIA-0584(96)

Distribution Category

UC-98

Coal Industry Annual 1996

Energy Information Administration

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be

construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other

organization.
Contacts

This publication was prepared by Frederick L. Freme,

Michelle Bowles, Stephen Scott, and Thomas Murphy

under the direction of Mary K. Paull, Acting Chief,

Coal Data Branch, Coal and Electric Data and

Renewables Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels. Specific information about

the data in this report can be obtained from Frederick

L. Freme (202/426-1152), or e-mail FFREME

@EIA.DOE.GOV. All other questions on coal statistics should be directed to the National Energy Information Center (202/586-8800), or e-mail

INFOCTR@EIA.DOE.GOV.

ii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Preface

Coal Industry Annual 1996 provides comprehensive

information about U.S. coal production, number of

mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive

capacity, and recoverable reserves. U.S. coal production for 1996 and previous years is based on the

annual survey EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report."

This report presents data on coal consumption, coal

distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, coal quality, and

emissions for Congress, Federal and State agencies,

the coal industry, and the general public. Appendix A

contains a compilation of coal statistics for the major

coal-producing States. This report does not include

coal consumption data for nonutility power producers

that are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining,

construction, or commercial sectors. Consumption for

nonutility power producers not included in this report

is estimated to be 24 million short tons for 1996.

The data presented in the report were collected and

published by the Energy Information Administration

(EIA), to fulfill its data collection and dissemination

responsibilities, as specified in the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as

amended. Data for the Demonstrated Reserve Base

(DRB) are now reported in U.S. Coal Reserves: A

Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529). However, this

report presents data on the recoverable portion of the

DRB in Table 105.

The base year for the implicit price deflator, which is

used to convert nominal figures to real figures is

1992, the same as the previous year (Table D3).

This report constitutes the 21st annual report on coal

production published by EIA and continues the series

formerly included in the Minerals Yearbook published

by the Bureau of Mines.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the

respondents in supplying the information presented in

this report and appreciates the valuable assistance of

State coal mining agencies; the U.S. Department of

the Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the

Minerals Management Service; the U.S. Department

of Labor: the Mine Safety and Health Administration,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the U.S. Department of

Commerce: the Bureau of the Census; and the King

Publishing Corporation.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 iii 
Contents

Page

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1

Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Productive Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

25

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines ......................................................  37

Producer/Distributor Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

51

Employment and Productivity ............................................................................. 

 59

Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

129

Domestic Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

131

Foreign Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Coal Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Mine Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

153

Consumer Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Import/Export Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Coal Quality and Emissions ..............................................................................  183

Appendices

A. Major Coal Producing States ........................................................................  195

B. Metric Tables ......................................................................................  213

C. References .........................................................................................  229

D. Explanatory Notes ..................................................................................  233

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

247

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 v 
Tables

Page

1. Coal Production by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ......................................................... 4

2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 .................................................. 5

3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1996 ................................ 6

4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1996 ....................... 7

5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1996 ................................... 

11

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1996 ....... 12

7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1996 .................................. 14

8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 1996 ............... 

15

9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1996 ............................... 16

10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1996 ............................................. 17

11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 ....................................... 18

12. Coal Production by State and Disposition, 1996 ................................................... 

20

13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal and Indian Leases by State, 1996 ....... 

21

14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1996 ..................................................................... 

22

15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1996 ................................................................. 23

16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ...................................... 26

17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ...................................... 

27

18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Type, 199628

19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1996 ........... 

30

21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 199631

22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and Capacity Utilization Range, 1996 ... 

32

23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Recoverable Reserves Range,

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 .......................... 

39

26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ................... 40

27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and Mining Method, 1996 ..... 42

29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine

Production Range and Mine Type, 1996 ........................................................... 44

31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Coalbed

Thickness and Mine Type, 1996 .................................................................. 44

32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, Mine Type,

and Union Type, 1996 ........................................................................... 45

33. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from Producing Federal Coal Leases by

State, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1992-1996 ................................ 50

35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................ 

53

36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................................... 54

37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1987, 1992-1996 ........ 55

38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1987,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of Origin and Destination State,

1994-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

58

40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................................. 63

41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................... 64

42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................ 65

43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1996 ............................. 

66

44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1996 ........ 67

45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1996 ............. 68

vi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 ............................ 

69

47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1987, 1992-1996 ......................................................... 

70

48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................................... 

74

49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996 .................................. 

75

50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................................... 

76

51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1996 ........................................... 

77

52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine Type, 1987, 1992-1996 .............. 

79

53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1996 ....................... 

81

54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1996 .......................... 

82

55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1996 ..................... 

83

56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1996 ................... 

84

57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 .............................. 

86

58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1992-1996 ............................................ 

91

59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1992-1996 ...................... 

92

60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1996 ............................................................... 

93

61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and State, and Destination Census

Division and State, 1992-1996 .................................................................... 

94

62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1992-1996 ...... 

106

63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

111

64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1992-1996114

65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996 .............. 

118

66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1996 ............................................................... 

133

67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................ 

135

68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ................... 

137

69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ......... 

138

70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ..... 

139

71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ........ 

140

72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ..... 

141

73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 .................... 

142

74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ............... 

142

75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census Division and State, 1987,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

143

76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................................... 

147

77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................. 

148

78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................ 

149

79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1987, 1992-1996 .............................................. 

150

80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................... 

154

81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................................... 

155

82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1996 ........................................ 

156

83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1996 ...................... 

157

84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, by State and County, 1996 ............ 

158

85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1996 ................................................ 

162

86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1996 .................. 

163

87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1996 ...................... 

163

88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1996 ................................ 

164

89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1996 ................... 

165

90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1996 ........................ 

166

91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1996 ............................................... 

167

92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996170

93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1987,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

171

94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1987,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

172

95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1987,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

173

96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ..... 

174

97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996174

98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1987, 1992-1996 .......... 

176

99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 .............................. 

177

100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ......................... 

178

101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ................. 

179

102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ............ 

180

103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................ 

181

104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 ................... 

182

105. Estimate of the Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and Mine Type ............... 

184

106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996186

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 vii 
107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1993-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

190

A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................................ 195

A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................................ 196

A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................................................... 

197

A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ......................................................... 198

A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ......................................................... 199

A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................................................... 200

A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................................ 

201

A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 .................................................... 202

A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................................... 203

A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................................... 

204

A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................................... 205

A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 .......................................................... 206

A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................................... 207

A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................................ 

208

A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................................... 209

A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................................................... 210

A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................................. 211

A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996 ...................................................... 

212

B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1987, 1992-1996 ...... 213

B2. Coal Production by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ....................................................... 214

B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ..................................... 

215

B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ......................... 

216

B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................... 

217

B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996 .............................................. 218

B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ................................ 

219

B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ................... 220

B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destinaion, 1987, 1992-1996 ............................................... 221

B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1987, 1992-1996 ........................................... 

222

B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996223

B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1987,

1992-1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996 ..... 

225

B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1987, 1992-1996 .......... 226

B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996 .............................. 

227

C1. Classification of Coals by Rank ................................................................. 230

C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal .............................................................. 232

D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations ................. 

234

D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1995 ......................... 237

D3. Implicit Price Deflator, 1987-1996 ............................................................... 

245

Illustrations

Page

1. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1987-1996 ....... 

38

2. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1987-199638

3. U.S. Coal Imports, 1987-1996 .................................................................... 52

4. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1987-1996 .......................... 62

5. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1987-1996 ............................ 62

6. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1987-1996 .............................................................. 71

7. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1987-1996 ............................................................. 71

8. Coal Distribution, 1987-1996 ..................................................................... 

90

9. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1987-1996 .............................................................. 132

10. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1987-1996 .......................................................... 136

11. U.S. Coal Exports, 1987-1996 ................................................................... 146

12. Coal Prices, 1987-1996 ......................................................................... 

152

13. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1987-1996 ........................................................... 169

C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States ......................................................... 229

viii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Executive Summary

Coal's Role in the U.S.

Energy Picture

Total U.S. energy production in 1996 continued the

upward swing begun in 1994, rising 2 percent to 72.61

quadrillion Btu. Coal production in Btu terms went up

3 percent to a record high of 22.61 quadrillion Btu

(1,064 million short tons). Renewable energy sources,

in particular hydroelectric power, and natural gas production went up from their 1995 levels, while oil and

nuclear electric power production declined (Table

ES1).

Total U.S. energy consumption reached a record level

of 93.81 quadrillion Btu in 1996, the fifth consecutive

year of growth. Coal consumption reached 20.99

quadrillion Btu, a 5-percent increase over the 1995

level. Consumption of natural gas, petroleum, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources also

rose, while consumption of nuclear electric power

declined slightly.

The electric utility sector accounted for 89 percent of

the total coal consumed in 1996. Coal-fired units

represented 57 percent of utility generation of electricity, 2 percent more than in 1995. Petroleum and

hydroelectric power generation paralleled this

increase, while electricity generated by natural gas

and nuclear power decreased (Table ES2).

U.S. coal exports went up for the second consecutive

year and retained its role as the primary U.S. energy

export. In 1996, U.S. coal exports rose to 2.37

quadrillion Btu (90 million short tons), 2 percent more

than in 1995. In comparison, coal imports, accounting

for less than 1 percent of U.S. energy imports,

remained about the same as in 1995 at 0.18

quadrillion Btu (7 million short tons).

Production

U.S. coal production totaled 1,064 million short tons,

31 million short tons higher than in 1995 (Table ES3).

Wyoming and Utah set record high production levels.

Wyoming remained the leading coal-producing State,

followed by West Virginia, and Kentucky. In comparison, Kentucky and Arizona's production was at the

lowest level since 1985; Washingtons's coal output

was the lowest since 1987; Oklahoma's coal production was the lowest since 1990; and, New Mexico

and North Dakota had the lowest production levels

since 1991. On the other hand, Maryland had the

highest production level since 1984; Texas had the

highest coal output since 1990; and Tennessee had the

highest coal production since 1991. (The total U.S.

coal output does not include about 4 million short tons

of low-Btu waste coal, which is recovered and used by

independent power producers and reported to their

respective State governments.)

Coal production for States east of the Mississippi

River were 564 million short tons, 19 million short

tons more than in 1995. The States with the largest

increase in production were West Virginia,

Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Ohio, which together had

20 million short tons more coal output than in 1995.

The eastern States had a combined net loss of 192

mines and 5,211 miners. However, miner productivity

in this region rose 5 percent in 1996 to 3.63 short tons

per miner per hour, the third consecutive year of substantial gain.

Coal production west of the Mississippi River reached

a record 500 million short tons, despite 9 fewer mines

in the region and 1,579 fewer miners. Wyoming's coal

output, which was 15 million short tons higher than in

1995, accounted for most of the growth. Miner productivity in the region rose 10 percent to 15.66 tons

per miner per hour, in part due to the use of new,

upgraded equipment at the mines.

Coal Mine Prices

The average price of U.S. coal in 1996 was $18.50 per

short ton, 2 percent less than in 1995. The price of

coal from mines east of the Mississippi River fell 3

percent from the 1995 level, while coal prices at

mines West of the Mississippi River also dipped, but

by less than 1 percent.

Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports in 1996 were 7 million short tons,

about the same as in 1995. An increase in shipments

from Indonesia (500 thousand short tons) and Canada

(100 thousand short tons) partially offset a decrease in

shipment from Venezuela (400 thousand short tons)

and Colombia (200 thousand short tons). Venezuela

exported 7 percent less coal and Indonesia almost

doubled its shipments to the U.S. electric utility

sector.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 ix 
Table ES1. U.S. Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1987, 1992-1996

(Quadrillion Btu)

Average Annual Percent Activity and P Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change Energy Source 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

 RR Production .................................................. 72.61 71.12 70.68 68.32 69.96 64.95 2.1 0.9 1.2 RR Fossil Fuels ................................................ 58.41 57.41 57.91 55.71 57.55 57.17 1.8 .4 .2

 R Coal ......................................................... 22.61 21.98 22.07 20.22 21.59 20.14 2.9 1.2 1.3 RR Natural Gas (Dry) ................................... 19.53 19.10 19.35 18.58 18.38 17.14 2.3 1.5 1.5 R Crude Oil1............................................... 13.74 13.89 14.10 14.49 15.22 17.67 −1.1 −2.5 −2.8

Natural Gas Plant Liquids ...................... 2.53 2.44 2.39 2.41 2.36 2.22 3.6 1.7 1.5 R Nuclear Electric Power.............................. 7.17 7.18 6.84 6.52 6.61 4.91 −.1 2.0 4.3

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage2................ −.03 −.03 −.03 −.04 −.04 (3) −−− RR Renewable Energy ..................................... 7.06 6.56 5.97 6.13 5.84 2.88 7.6 4.8 10.5

 R Conventional Hydroelectric Power......... 3.59 3.21 2.67 2.88 2.61 2.63 12.0 8.3 3.5

Geothermal Energy ................................. .35 .33 .38 .38 .37 .23 9.0 −.9 4.9 RR Biofuels4 ................................................. 3.02 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.79 .02 2.4 2.0 79.8

Solar Energy............................................ .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 −− − − R Wind Energy ........................................... .04 .03 .04 .03 .03 * 10.0 4.8 84.5

 R Imports ........................................................ 23.68 22.48 22.71 21.54 19.66 15.76 5.3 4.8 4.6 R Natural Gas ............................................. 2.90 2.90 2.68 2.40 2.16 .99 .1 7.7 12.7 R Crude Oil5............................................... 16.24 15.63 15.34 14.75 13.25 10.07 3.9 5.2 5.4 R Petroleum Products6 ............................... 3.86 3.23 3.91 3.76 3.71 4.10 19.5 .9 −.7

Coal ......................................................... .18 .18 .19 .18 .10 .04 −5.2 6.3 1.2 R Other7 ...................................................... .50 .54 .59 .45 .43 .57 −5.2 6.3 1.2

Exports ........................................................ 4.69 4.58 4.12 4.35 5.02 3.85 −−−

Coal ......................................................... 2.37 2.32 1.88 1.96 2.68 2.09 2.2 −3.0 1.4

Crude Oil................................................. 2.06 1.99 1.99 2.12 2.01 1.63 3.5 .7 2.6

Other8 ...................................................... .26 .27 .26 .27 .33 .13 −4.8 −6.0 7.8

 R RR R Adjustments9 .............................................. 2.21 1.92 −.05 1.83 .92 .03 14.7 24.5 60.8

 R RRR Consumption10 .......................................... 93.81 90.94 89.21 87.34 85.52 76.89 3.1 2.3 2.2 R RRR Fossil Fuels ................................................ 79.29 76.94 76.06 74.51 72.89 68.63 3.1 2.1 1.6

 R RRR Coal ......................................................... 20.99 20.08 20.02 19.83 19.21 18.01 4.5 2.2 1.7

Coal Coke Net Imports........................... * .03 .02 .02 .03 .01 −−− RR Natural Gas11 ......................................... 22.59 22.16 21.29 20.83 20.13 17.74 1.9 2.9 2.7 R Petroleum12 ............................................ 35.72 34.66 34.73 33.84 33.53 32.87 3.0 1.6 .9 R Nuclear Electric Power.............................. 7.17 7.18 6.84 6.52 6.61 4.91 −.1 2.0 4.3

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage2................ −.03 −.03 −.03 −.04 −.04 (3) −−− RR Renewable Energy ..................................... 7.39 6.85 6.28 6.40 6.11 3.36 8.0 4.9 9.1

 R Conventional Hydroelectric Power13 3.91 3.47 2.96 3.14 2.85 3.12 12.7 8.2 2.5 R Geothermal Energy14 ............................. .35 .33 .38 .38 .37 .23 9.0 −.9 4.9 RR Biofuels4 ................................................. 3.02 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.79 .02 2.4 2.0 79.8

Solar Energy............................................ .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 −− − − R Wind Energy ........................................... .04 .03 .04 .03 .03 * 10.0 4.8 84.5

1 Includes lease condensate.

2 Represents total pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.

3 Pumped storage is included in conventional hydroelectric power.

4 Includes wood, wood waste, peat, wood liquors, railroad ties, pitch, wood sludge, municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, straw, tires, landfill gases,

fish oils, and/or other waste.

5 Includes imports of crude oil for the Stategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.

6 Includes imports of unfinished oils and natural gas plant liquids.

7 ‘‘Other’’ imports are electricity and coal coke.

8 ‘‘Other’’ exports are natural gas, petroleum products, electricity and coal coke.

9 A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted for supply.

10 From 1990, the portion of net imports of electricity that is derived from nonrenewable energy sources is included directly in ‘‘Consumption.’’

11 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels.

12 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.

13 Includes net imports of electricity.

14 Includes electricity imports from Mexico that are derived from geothermal energy.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data. P Preliminary data.

 Notes: Coal Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1996, DOE/EIA-0384(96), Table 1.1.

x Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table ES2. Share of U.S. Electric Utility Net Generation of Electricity by Source, 1987, 1992-1996

(Percent)

Energy Source 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987

Coal ............................................................................. 56.5 55.2 56.2 56.9 56.3 56.9

Natural Gas................................................................ 8.5 10.3 10.0 9.0 9.4 10.6

Petroleum1 ................................................................. 2.2 2.0 3.1 3.5 3.2 4.6

Nuclear Power ........................................................... 21.9 22.5 22.0 21.2 22.1 17.7

Hydroelectric Power ................................................. 10.7 9.8 8.4 9.2 8.6 9.7

Geothermal and Other2 ........................................... .2 .2 .3 .3 .4 .5

Total ............................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil (including crude oil burned as fuel), jet fuel, and petroleum coke.

2 Other is wood, waste, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy used to generate electricity for distribution.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

The average price of imported coal in 1996 declined 2

percent to $33.45 per short ton. Coal imports were

valued at $238 million, down from $246 million in

1995.

Coal Consumption

In 1996, domestic coal consumption rose to a record

of 983 million short tons, a 4-percent increase over

1995. (This total does not include about 24 million

short tons of coal consumed by independent power

producers in 1996.) The increase is attributable to

electric utility coal consumption, which rose by 6

percent to a record level of 875 million short tons,

even though net generation at electric utilities rose by

3 percent. Coal consumption at electric utilities was

indirectly affected by: a 10-percent increase in hydroelectric generation; a record level of nuclear power

generation (up less than 1 percent); and, the lowest

level of natural gas-fired generation since 1993 (down

14 percent from 1995).

Industrial plants consumed 71 million short tons of

coal, 3 percent less than in 1995. Coal carbonized at

coke plants decreased by 4 percent to 32 million short

tons, while the residential and commercial sectors

consumed about 6 million short tons.

The average sulfur content (measured as percent

sulfur by weight) of coal received at electric utilities

in 1996 was 1.10 percent, up 2 percent from 1995.

The quality of coal received at manufacturing and

coke plants showed a sulfur content of 1.17, a

2-percent increase.

Table ES3. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1987, 1992-1996

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Production............................................ 1,064 1,033 1,034 945 998 919 3.0 1.6 1.6

Imports................................................. 7 7 8 7 4 2 −1.0 17.0 16.9

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 29 34 33 25 34 34 −16.8 −4.2 −1.9

Consumption........................................ 983 941 930 926 892 837 4.5 2.4 1.8

Exports................................................. 90 89 71 75 103 80 2.2 −3.1 1.4

Consumer Stocks1............................... 123 135 136 120 164 185 −8.6 −6.9 −4.4

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

 Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’ • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’ • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 xi 
Coal Stocks

Coal stocks held by consumers on December 31,

1996, totaled 123 million short tons, 12 million short

tons less than in 1995. Compared with 1995, year-end

1996 coal stocks at electric utility plants declined by

12 million short tons, while coal stocks at other industrial plants and coke plants remained about the same.

Producer and distributor stocks at the end of 1996

were 29 million short tons, a decrease of 6 million

short tons.

Delivered Coal Prices

The price of coal delivered to all consuming sectors

declined in 1996. The delivered price of coal to the

electric utility and other industrial sectors dropped by

2 percent and less than 1 percent, respectively, to

$26.45 per short ton and $32.32 per short ton. The

price of coal delivered to coke plants remained about

the same at $47.33 per short ton.

Coal Exports

U.S. coal exports went up 2 percent to 90 million

short tons in 1996. An increase in shipments to

Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and the

Republic of South Africa offset a decrease in shipments to Europe and Asia.

Compared with 1995, steam coal exports rose 3

percent in 1996 to 38 million short tons. Steam coal

exports to North America and Asia increased by 26

percent and 13 percent, respectively, while steam coal

exports to Europe dropped by 11 percent to 19 million

short tons.

U.S. metallurgical coal exports increased by 2 percent

from the 1995 level, to 53 million short tons. Greater

demand from foreign metallurgical coal markets, particularly in Canada, Italy, and the Republic of South

Africa, were partially offset by lower demand from

Japan.

West Virginia continued to dominate coal exports in

1996, shipping over 42 million short tons, a 5-percent

decrease from 1995. About 75 percent, or 32 million

short tons, went to overseas metallurgical markets,

while exports to overseas steam markets amounted to

10 million short tons.

The average price of U.S. coal exports in 1996 was

$40.76 per short ton, a 1-percent increase from 1995.

U.S. metallurgical coal export prices rose 3 percent to

$45.49 per short ton, while U.S. steam coal export

prices went down slightly to $34.09 per short ton.

Coal exports in 1996 were valued at $3.7 billion.

Company Mergers & Sales

In the second largest railroad merger this decade,

Conrail has been jointly acquired by CSX and Norfolk

Southern. Conrail controls 11,000 miles of track in 12

States (including the District of Columbia) in the

Northeast, Midwest, and Quebec, Canada. Conrail (for

Consolidated Rail Corporation) was formed by the

Federal government when Penn Central (which formerly merged with New York Central and five other

Eastern lines) collapsed in bankruptcy in 1976. This

consolidation of smaller lines allowed Conrail to have

a monopoly of rail freight service along the eastern

seaboard and west to Chicago.

Since the 1980's, freight railroads have become more

profitable, increasing freight traffic and operating

more efficiently. These factors created the climate for

recent mergers such as the one between Burlington

Northern and Santa Fe Pacific in 1994. CSX and

Norfolk Southern have each been trying to buy

Conrail for some time, in a move to dominate the rail

industry in the East. Under the agreement announced

April 8, 1997, the two rail giants would divide the

former Conrail lines with CSX getting 42 percent of

the assets (for $4.3 billion) and Norfolk Southern

having the remaining assets (for $5.9 billion). CSX

would run the old New York Central's Hudson River

route, which links New York City to Albany, then

continues to Buffalo and Cleveland. In addition, they

will serve the lines between New York and

Philadelphia and Crestline, Ohio, and Chicago.

Norfolk Southern will take over the Erie-Lackawanna

route which runs through upstate New York, the old

Pennsylvania Railroad line, and a section of the New

York Central line from New Jersey to Chicago.

The joint merger application, filed with the U.S.

Surface Transportation Board in June 1997, could take

a year for final approval. If approved, the

CSX-Norfolk Southern jointly-owned railroad would

span 22 States and cover nearly 30,000 miles of track.

Since Conrail's former rail lines will be divided

between the two successors, competition will return to

freight rail service in New York, Philadelphia, and

other important Eastern ports after a nearly 30-year

absence.

In January 1997, Nerox Energy Corp. acquired 1,410

acres of Alaskan coal-bearing lands from San

Francisco-based Placer Dome U.S. Inc. Nerox set up

offices in Anchorage prior to development of the site,

located near Sutton, Alaska. Placer Dome's Evan

Jones mine was renamed the Jonesville mine. The

company negotiated a contract for an annual amount

of 500 thousand metric tons of coal for the Asian

export market and has submitted a bid with the

Department of Defense to supply coal to military

bases in Alaska.

Anker Energy took over Island Creek/Occidental

Petroleum's jointly-owned coal properties from Glenn

Springs Holdings in early 1996. The site, located in

Upshur County, near Buckhannon, West Virginia, was

not part of the large sale of Island Creek's assets to

Consol in 1993. The property consists of haul roads, a

prep plant and the Upshur deep mine, which has been

xii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
idle since the middle 1980's. Spokespersons for Anker

Energy said that the company will not mine the site,

but instead will test its acid mine drainage

techonology there.

Kerr-McGee Coal sold the stock of its subsidiary

Pioneer Fuel to Ruhr American Coal Corp., in February 1996. Rhur American, owned by Germany's

Ruhrkohl AG, purchased Pioneer's surface mine and

the accompanying reserves, located in Wyoming

County, West Virginia.

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Company, the second largest

coal producing company in the U.S. purchased a 50

percent interest in an Australian mine in 1996. The

Springvale mine, co-owned by Samsung Development, is a longwall-equipped deep mine which is currently producing at an annual rate of 2 million tons.

Cyprus AMAX also successfully bid on the lease to

24 million tons of Federally-owned coal reserves at

their Twentymile underground mine in Colorado. This

addition brings the total to an estimated 140 million

short tons of reserves at the mine. The Twentymile,

which produced nearly 6 million tons in 1996, is estimated to produce 8 million tons in 1997.

Arch Minerals the 11th largest U.S. coal-producing

company in 1995 sold land in Wyoming that included

their Pilot Butte mine, to Union Pacific Corp., in

1996. The Pilot Butte, a small underground mine

located near Rock Springs, Wyoming, had been supplying coal to the nearby Jim Bridger power plant.

This arrangement did not prove profitable for Arch,

and the mine has been idle for the past few years.

Union Pacific, which already owned land near the

mine, will have the lease for the coal reserves,

including reserves which are controlled by the Bureau

of Land Management. In August, 1996, Arch's subsidiary, Arch on the North Fork, closed its Ridgeline

surface mine, located in Breathitt County, Kentucky.

The mine was closed due to depletion of available

reserves. In the West, Arch of Wyoming purchased an

80-thousand-acre tract of coal bearing land in

Wyoming's Hanna Basin from Commonwealth

Edison's Development. The site is located near Elk

Mountain, Wyoming, and is estimated to have over

100 million tons in recoverable reserves.

Financially-troubled Morrison Knudsen agreed to

merge with Washington Construction Group, a largeproject construction company located in Highland,

California. Texas-based Morrison Knudsen intends to

keep operating its contract mines for the near term.

The merger is aimed at pooling the resources of

several construction and mining-related interests that

the two companies have in common.

Westmoreland Coal sold two of its idle Wise County,

Virginia coal operations in 1996. The Wentz facilities

(a mine and preparation plant) were transferred to

Stonega Mining and Processing, and the Pine Branch

Mine was sold to Roaring Fork Mining of Big Stone

Gap, Virginia. The deal was a non-cash sale; Stonega

and Roaring Fork agreed to perform reclamation and

be responsible for environmental liabilities and meet

the UMWA-demands for medical benefit obligations

to former Westmoreland employees affected by the

sale.

In 1996, Jimmy Ryan, president of two Alabama coal

companies, Kodiak Coal and Boone Resources opened

the Kodiak No. 1 mine in Shelby County, despite

union opposition. The UMWA claimed it had a right

to representation at the mine since Ryan is leasing it

from U.S. Steel, which is unionized. This was disputed by subsidiary U.S. Steel Mining, the actual

operating company, which is non-union. The Kodiak

No. 1 Mine produced just over 73 thousand tons of

coal in 1996.

In September 1996, Beacon Group Energy Investment

Fund purchased MAPCO Coal and MC Mining from

MAPCO Inc. The terms of the sale included 100

percent of stock from these two companies. Other

assets include mining operations in Kentucky,

Maryland, Illinois, and Virgnia, a coal terminal on the

Ohio River, and supply contracts with Delmarva

Power, Seminole Electric, Virginia Power, Cogentrix,

TVA, and U.S. Steel. Joe Craft III continues to serve

as MAPCO Coal's President, and the company will

maintain facilities at MAPCO Inc.'s headquarters in

Tulsa, Oklahoma and in Lexington, Kentucky.

MAPCO Coal was the 19th largest coal producer in

1996, producing 12.8 million short tons.

In late December 1996, Coastal Corp. was finalizing

the sale of its SUFCO, Skyline, and Soldier Creek

mining operations in Utah to ARCO Coal and

Japanese-owned ITOCHU Corp. The sale was concluded after several months of negotiations, including

a period in which ANR Coal- Coastal's Appalachian

subsidiary - was being considered as part of the purchase. The main sticking point in the negotiations was

the future value of the long-term supply contracts held

by Coastal with Intermountain Power Agency and

Sierra Pacific Power. Coastal reassured ARCO and

ITOCHU by offering to insure the contracts from

devaluation due to the effects of arbitration or utility

deregulation. The SUFCO, Skyline, and Soldier Creek

controlled mines together produced nearly 9 million

tons of high volatile, low- sulfur, bituminous coal in

1996. Ninety percent of this output went to U.S. electric utilities and 10 percent was exported to the

Pacific Rim. There are an estimated 300 million tons

of recoverable reserves on these properties, according

to ARCO. Also included in the sale was Coastal's

9-percent share of the Los Angeles Export Terminal.

In November 1996, British-owned Costain PLC sold

its U.S. coal company Costain Coal, to Rencoal, Inc.,

a subisdiary of New York-based Renco Group.

Costain PLC had been trying to divest itself of its

U.S. coal holdings since 1994. Costain Coal produced

9.3 million short tons in 1996.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 xiii 
Figure ES1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1987-1996

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Producer/Distributor Stocks

Consumer Stocks

Exports

Consumption

Imports

Production

xiv Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table ES4. U.S. Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 19,427,980 20,105,197 21,016,526 21,535,283 21,626,971 24,241,218 −3.4 −2.6 −2.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,183,404 2.0 1.6 1.3

Production Total ............................... 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 918,762 3.0 1.6 1.6

Underground .................................. 409,849 396,249 399,103 351,053 407,239 372,874 3.4 .1 1.0

Surface ........................................... 654,007 636,725 634,401 594,371 590,306 545,888 2.7 2.6 2.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 80.21 79.40 78.11 74.77 80.20 77.29 1.0 * .4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.3 19.5 20.3 22.8 21.7 26.4 −6.2 −4.2 −4.0

Number of Miners ............................ 83,462 90,252 97,500 101,322 110,196 142,667 −7.5 −6.7 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 5.69 5.38 4.98 4.70 4.36 3.30 5.8 6.9 6.3

Underground .................................. 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.20 5.6 5.1 5.5

Surface ........................................... 9.05 8.48 7.67 7.23 6.59 4.98 6.7 8.3 6.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 28,648 34,444 33,219 25,284 33,993 34,090 −16.8 −4.2 −1.9

Imports3 ............................................ 6,476 6,317 6,599 5,496 1,806 765 2.5 37.6 26.8

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 NA 2.9 1.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 NA 2.9 1.9 NA

Within State ................................ 340,005 336,821 353,765 339,034 355,232 NA .9 −1.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 627,688 603,602 596,078 544,900 542,035 NA 4.0 3.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 NA 2.5 −2.3 NA R R RR Metallurgical ......................... 56,162 54,077 52,206 52,591 61,432 NA 3.9 −2.2 NA R R RR Steam ..................................... 36,037 35,830 20,474 22,919 39,948 NA .6 −2.5 NA

Canada Total ............................... 10,599 8,023 8,467 7,751 13,919 NA 32.1 −6.6 NA R Metallurgical ......................... 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 9,394 NA 21.3 −2.5 NA

Steam..................................... 2,127 1,037 1,003 1,085 4,525 NA 105.0 −17.2 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 81,600 81,884 64,214 67,759 87,461 NA −.3 −1.7 NA R R RR Metallurgical ......................... 47,690 47,091 44,743 45,925 52,038 NA 1.3 −2.2 NA R R RR Steam ..................................... 33,910 34,793 19,471 21,834 35,423 NA −2.5 −1.1 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 983,334 940,880 930,201 925,944 892,421 836,860 4.5 2.4 1.8

Electric Utility ............................... 874,681 829,007 817,270 813,508 779,860 717,894 5.5 2.9 2.2

Industrial ........................................ 70,941 73,055 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,175 −2.9 −1.1 −.6

Coke ............................................... 31,706 33,011 31,740 31,323 32,366 36,877 −3.9 −.5 −1.7

Residential/Commercial................. 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,914 3.4 −.6 −1.5

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 123,024 134,639 136,139 120,458 163,692 185,459 −8.6 −6.9 −4.4

Electric Utility ............................... 114,669 126,304 126,897 111,341 154,130 170,797 −9.2 −7.1 −4.3

All Other........................................ 8,355 8,334 9,243 9,117 9,562 14,662 .3 −3.3 −6.0

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.50 $18.83 $19.41 $19.85 $21.03 $23.07 −1.8 −3.1 −2.4

Underground .................................. 25.96 26.18 26.39 26.92 27.83 29.63 −.9 −1.7 −1.5

Surface ........................................... 13.82 14.25 15.02 15.67 16.34 18.58 −3.0 −4.1 −3.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 26.45 27.01 28.03 28.58 29.36 31.83 −2.1 −2.6 −2.0

Industrial ........................................ 32.32 32.42 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.71 −.3 −.3 −.5

Coke ............................................... 47.33 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.92 46.55 * −.3 .2

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 xv 
Supply

Production

U.S. coal production during 1996 increased 3 percent

to 1,064 million short tons, setting a record level

(Table 1). As in 1995, the largest coal-producing State

was Wyoming, followed by West Virginia and

Kentucky. Wyoming's coal production in 1996

increased 6 percent over its 1995 level to reach a

record of 278 million short tons. West Virginina

increased its coal production by 5 percent to a level of

170 million short tons, 3 percent less than the record

level of 176 million short tons in 1947. Kentucky, the

third largest coal-producing State, declined by 1

percent in 1996, to a level of 152 million short tons.

Only 11 of the 25 coal producing States showed an

increase in 1996.

Regionally, coal production increased in all regions.

In Appalachia, increases in production in 1996

occured in Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Virginia, and West Virginia, resulting in the largest

increase of any region, 17 million short tons (3.9

percent). The Interior Region registered increases in

production in Indiana, Missouri, and Texas. Overall,

the Interior Region increased in 1996 by 4.3 million

short tons (2.6 percent). In the Western Region, two

of the nine States (Utah and Wyoming) increased their

coal production in 1996, with both States reaching

record levels. Coal production in the Western Region

increased 9.6 million short tons, an increase of 2.2

percent. Over the last decade, the Appalachian Region

has only increased at an average annual rate of 0.2

percent, while the Western Region has increased 5.4

percent. During the same time period, the Interior

Region has declined at an average annual rate of 1.7

percent.

U.S. coal producers operated 1,903 mines during

1996, including 885 underground mines and 1,018

surface mines (Table 3). Underground mines produced

410 million short tons and represented 39 percent of

total coal production. Underground mines east of the

Mississippi accounted for 89 percent of all underground coal production in 1996. Surface mines west

of the Mississippi represented 69 percent of total

surface coal production in 1996. Of the top 20 coal

mines in the United States, 18 are surface mines, all

located west of the Mississippi; they accounted for

28.6 percent of total U.S. coal production. Nine of the

top ten mines in the United States are in Wyoming

and represent 19.4 percent of total U.S. coal production.

Productive Capacity

The total estimated productive capacity of U.S. coal

mines in 1996 was 1,325 million short tons, an

increase of 2.0 percent compared with the total estimated productive capacity of 1,299 million short tons

in 1995 (Table 16). Following the same pattern as

coal production, the total estimated productive

capacity increased in all regions. Total coal mine

capacity utilization, (defined as the ratio of actual

production to productive capacity) rose to 80 percent

in 1996 (Table 17). Capacity utilization increased for

all three regions in 1996, with the Appalachian

Region showing the largest increase.

Recoverable Reserves

Estimated recoverable U.S. coal reserves at producing

mines in 1996 totaled 19 billion short tons. This

3-percent decrease continued a decline that started in

1986 (Table 25). Recoverable reserves at producing

mines in the Western Region accounted for 62.5

percent of total reserves, with reserves at producing

mines in the Appalachian and Interior Regions representing 23.3 percent and 14.2 percent, respectively.

The average recovery percentage for all U.S.

producing mines in 1996 increased slightly to 80.8

percent from the 80.1 percent in 1995 (Table 26). The

estimated recovery percent for all underground mines

in 1996 was 57.2 percent, an increase from the 54.5

percent in 1995. The estimated recovery percent at

surface mines remained unchanged in 1996 at 90

percent.

Producers and Distributors Stocks

Coal stocks held by U.S. coal producers and distributors at the end of 1996 totaled 29 million short tons, a

decrease of 17 percent compared with stocks at

year-end 1995.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 1 
Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports during 1996 totaled 7.1 million

short tons, 1 percent less than the 7.2 million short

tons imported during 1995 (Table 35). Since 1987,

U.S. coal imports have increased at an average annual

rate of 17 percent.

Colombia, Indonesia, Venezuela, and Canada were the

major sources of imported coal during 1996. They

contributed 6.9 million short tons and accounted for

98 percent of total coal imports.

2 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Production

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 3 
Table 1. Coal Production by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 24,637 24,640 23,266 24,768 25,796 25,540 * −1.1 −0.4

Alaska .................................................. 1,481 1,698 1,567 1,601 1,534 1,492 −12.8 −.9 −.1

Arizona ................................................ 10,442 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,512 11,379 −12.6 −4.4 −.9

Arkansas .............................................. 21 29 51 44 58 84 −28.0 −22.6 −14.3

California ............................................. − − − − 103 46 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 24,886 25,710 25,304 21,886 19,226 14,420 −3.2 6.7 6.3

Illinois .................................................. 46,656 48,180 52,797 41,098 59,857 59,155 −3.2 −6.0 −2.6

Indiana ................................................. 29,670 26,007 30,927 29,295 30,466 34,208 14.1 −.6 −1.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − 46 175 289 468 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 232 285 284 341 363 2,021 −18.4 −10.5 −21.4

Kentucky Total .................................... 152,425 153,739 161,642 156,299 161,068 165,192 −.8 −1.4 −.9

Eastern .............................................. 116,951 118,541 124,447 120,191 119,382 119,906 −1.3 −.5 −.3

Western ............................................. 35,474 35,198 37,195 36,108 41,686 45,285 .8 −3.9 −2.7

Louisiana.............................................. 3,221 3,719 3,463 3,134 3,240 2,751 −13.4 −.1 1.8

Maryland.............................................. 4,093 3,667 3,632 3,355 3,341 3,962 11.6 5.2 .3

Missouri ............................................... 710 548 838 653 2,886 4,292 29.6 −29.6 −18.1

Montana ............................................... 37,891 39,451 41,640 35,917 38,889 34,399 −3.9 −.6 1.1

New Mexico ........................................ 24,067 26,813 28,041 28,268 24,549 19,131 −10.2 −.5 2.6

North Dakota ....................................... 29,861 30,112 32,286 31,973 31,744 25,142 −.8 −1.5 1.9

Ohio ..................................................... 28,572 26,118 29,897 28,816 30,403 35,788 9.4 −1.5 −2.5

Oklahoma............................................. 1,701 1,876 1,911 1,758 1,741 2,870 −9.3 −.6 −5.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 67,942 61,576 62,237 59,700 68,981 70,423 10.3 −.4 −.4

Anthracite.......................................... 4,751 4,682 4,621 4,306 3,483 3,560 1.5 8.1 3.3

Bituminous........................................ 63,190 56,893 57,616 55,394 65,498 66,863 11.1 −.9 −.6

Tennessee............................................. 3,651 3,221 2,987 3,047 3,476 6,442 13.3 1.2 −6.1

Texas.................................................... 55,164 52,684 52,346 54,567 55,071 50,529 4.7 * 1.0

Utah...................................................... 27,507 25,167 24,399 21,847 21,339 16,508 9.3 6.5 5.8

Virginia ................................................ 35,590 34,099 37,129 39,317 43,024 44,543 4.4 −4.6 −2.5

Washington .......................................... 4,565 4,868 4,893 4,739 5,251 4,449 −6.2 −3.4 .3

West Virginia Total............................. 170,433 162,997 161,776 130,525 162,164 136,676 4.6 1.3 2.5

Northern ............................................ 45,910 46,114 49,316 33,802 50,022 52,003 −.4 −2.1 −1.4

Southern ............................................ 124,523 116,883 112,460 96,723 112,142 84,673 6.5 2.6 4.4

Wyoming ............................................. 278,440 263,822 237,092 210,129 190,172 146,850 5.5 10.0 7.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 451,868 434,861 445,370 409,718 456,565 443,281 3.9 −.3 .2

Interior Total1 ................................... 172,848 168,526 179,858 167,174 195,659 201,663 2.6 −3.0 −1.7

Western Total1 .................................. 439,140 429,587 408,276 368,532 345,321 273,818 2.2 6.2 5.4

East of Miss. River............................ 563,668 544,246 566,289 516,219 588,575 581,929 3.6 −1.1 −.3

West of Miss. River........................... 500,188 488,728 467,216 429,205 408,970 336,833 2.3 5.2 4.5

U.S. Total............................................ 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 918,762 3.0 1.6 1.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

4 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 53 73 85 85 88 99 −27.4 −11.9 −6.7

Alaska .................................................. 1 1 1 1 2 1 − −15.9 −

Arizona ................................................ 2 2 2 2 2 2 −− −

Arkansas .............................................. 5 3 6 6 6 8 66.7 −4.4 −5.1

California ............................................. − − − − 1 1 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 15 17 18 20 21 22 −11.8 −8.1 −4.2

Illinois .................................................. 31 31 34 39 43 51 − −7.8 −5.4

Indiana ................................................. 37 42 55 56 51 67 −11.9 −7.7 −6.4

Iowa ..................................................... − − 1224 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 1 1 1 2 2 5 − −15.9 −16.4

Kentucky Total .................................... 544 598 673 696 752 1,428 −9.0 −7.8 −10.2

Eastern .............................................. 484 540 607 622 684 1,323 −10.4 −8.3 −10.6

Western ............................................. 60 58 66 74 68 105 3.4 −3.1 −6.0

Louisiana.............................................. 2 2 2 2 2 1 − − 8.0

Maryland.............................................. 18 20 20 21 24 35 −10.0 −6.9 −7.1

Missouri ............................................... 5 6 6 7 5 12 −16.7 − −9.3

Montana ............................................... 8 8 8 8 8 8 −− −

New Mexico ........................................ 6 7 7 7 7 10 −14.3 −3.8 −5.5

North Dakota ....................................... 5 6 6 8 8 11 −16.7 −11.1 −8.4

Ohio ..................................................... 99 113 134 135 149 210 −12.4 −9.7 −8.0

Oklahoma............................................. 12 13 14 17 20 19 −7.7 −12.0 −5.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 402 459 505 524 578 683 −12.4 −8.7 −5.7

Anthracite.......................................... 127 134 143 148 166 200 −5.2 −6.5 −4.9

Bituminous........................................ 275 325 362 376 412 483 −15.4 −9.6 −6.1

Tennessee............................................. 26 25 24 37 50 93 4.0 −15.1 −13.2

Texas.................................................... 13 14 13 14 15 15 −7.1 −3.5 −1.6

Utah...................................................... 11 13 14 15 15 21 −15.4 −7.5 −6.9

Virginia ................................................ 191 194 231 237 258 477 −1.5 −7.2 −9.7

Washington .......................................... 3 3 3 3 3 4 −−−3.1

West Virginia Total............................. 386 424 462 502 604 778 −9.0 −10.6 −7.5

Northern ............................................ 93 98 116 137 166 255 −5.1 −13.5 −10.6

Southern ............................................ 293 326 346 365 438 523 −10.1 −9.6 −6.2

Wyoming ............................................. 27 29 29 29 30 29 −6.9 −2.6 −.8

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,659 1,848 2,068 2,163 2,435 3,698 −10.2 −9.1 −8.5

Interior Total1 ................................... 166 170 198 219 214 287 −2.3 −6.1 −5.9

Western Total1 .................................. 78 86 88 93 97 109 −9.3 −5.3 −3.6

East of Miss. River............................ 1,787 1,979 2,223 2,332 2,597 3,921 −9.7 −8.9 −8.4

West of Miss. River........................... 116 125 131 143 149 173 −7.2 −6.1 −4.3

U.S. Total............................................ 1,903 2,104 2,354 2,475 2,746 4,094 −9.5 −8.8 −8.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 5 
Table 3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and Region Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama .................................................. 11 18,217 42 6,420 53 24,637

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,481 1 1,481

Arizona .................................................... − − 2 10,442 2 10,442

Arkansas .................................................. − − 5 21 5 21

Colorado .................................................. 11 15,581 4 9,305 15 24,886

Illinois ..................................................... 20 38,948 11 7,707 31 46,656

Indiana .................................................... 3 2,963 34 26,707 37 29,670

Kansas ..................................................... − − 1 232 1 232

Kentucky Total ....................................... 307 94,306 237 58,119 544 152,425

Eastern .................................................. 287 69,172 197 47,779 484 116,951

Western ................................................ 20 25,135 40 10,340 60 35,474

Louisiana ................................................. − − 2 3,221 2 3,221

Maryland ................................................. 3 3,296 15 797 18 4,093

Missouri .................................................. − − 5 710 5 710

Montana .................................................. 1 147 7 37,744 8 37,891

New Mexico ........................................... − − 6 24,067 6 24,067

North Dakota .......................................... − − 5 29,861 5 29,861

Ohio ........................................................ 9 15,912 90 12,660 99 28,572

Oklahoma ................................................ 1 137 11 1,564 12 1,701

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 83 47,247 319 20,694 402 67,942

Anthracite ............................................. 40 391 87 4,360 127 4,751

Bituminous ........................................... 43 46,856 232 16,334 275 63,190

Tennessee ................................................ 13 1,794 13 1,857 26 3,651

Texas ....................................................... − − 13 55,164 13 55,164

Utah ......................................................... 11 27,507 − − 11 27,507

Virginia ................................................... 147 25,568 44 10,022 191 35,590

Washington ............................................. − − 3 4,565 3 4,565

West Virginia Total................................ 264 115,585 122 54,848 386 170,433

Northern ............................................... 50 40,274 43 5,637 93 45,910

Southern ............................................... 214 75,311 79 49,211 293 124,523

Wyoming ................................................ 1 2,641 26 275,799 27 278,440

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 817 296,791 842 155,077 1,659 451,868

Interior Total1 ...................................... 44 67,183 122 105,665 166 172,848

Western Total1...................................... 24 45,876 54 393,265 78 439,140

East of Miss. River ............................... 860 363,837 927 199,831 1,787 563,668

West of Miss. River.............................. 25 46,012 91 454,176 116 500,188

U.S. Total............................................... 885 409,849 1,018 654,007 1,903 1,063,856

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

6 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama ................................................. 11 18,217 42 6,420 53 24,637

Bibb ................................................... − − 1 33 1 33

Cullman ............................................. − − 2 82 2 82

Fayette ............................................... 1 2,066 − − 1 2,066

Jackson .............................................. − − 1 66 1 66

Jefferson ............................................ 4 8,917 4 1,217 8 10,134

Marion ............................................... − − 4 191 4 191

Shelby ............................................... 2 878 − − 2 878

Tuscaloosa ........................................ 3 5,241 4 825 7 6,066

Walker ............................................... 1 1,115 24 3,806 25 4,921

Winston ............................................. − − 2 201 2 201

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,481 1 1,481

Yukon River ..................................... − − 1 1,481 1 1,481

Arizona ................................................... − − 2 10,442 2 10,442

Navajo ............................................... − − 2 10,442 2 10,442

Arkansas ................................................ − − 5 21 5 21

Johnson ............................................. − − 2 16 2 16

Scott .................................................. − − 1*1*

Sebastian ........................................... − − 2424

Colorado ................................................ 11 15,581 4 9,305 15 24,886

Delta .................................................. 1 603 − − 1 603

Fremont ............................................. 1 170 − − 1 170

Gunnison ........................................... 3 7,475 − − 3 7,475

La Plata............................................. 1 199 − − 1 199

Las Animas....................................... 1 129 − − 1 129

Mesa .................................................. 2 626 − − 2 626

Moffat ............................................... − − 2 7,721 2 7,721

Montrose ........................................... − − 1 362 1 362

Rio Blanco ........................................ 1 543 − − 1 543

Routt .................................................. 1 5,837 1 1,222 2 7,059

Illinois ..................................................... 20 38,948 11 7,707 31 46,656

Clinton .............................................. 1 1,701 − − 1 1,701

Franklin ............................................. 2 3,635 − − 2 3,635

Fulton ................................................ − − 1 205 1 205

Gallatin .............................................. 1 1,324 − − 1 1,324

Jefferson ............................................ 2 4,299 − − 2 4,299

Logan ................................................ 1 1,982 − − 1 1,982

Macoupin .......................................... 3 5,454 − − 3 5,454

McDonough ...................................... − − 1 533 1 533

Perry .................................................. 1 1,850 3 5,213 4 7,064

Randolph ........................................... 2 2,103 − − 2 2,103

Saline ................................................ 3 8,660 1 673 4 9,333

Schuyler ............................................ − − 1 415 1 415

Vermilion .......................................... 1 130 − − 1 130

Wabash .............................................. 1 2,340 − − 1 2,340

Washington ....................................... 1 3,674 − − 1 3,674

White ................................................. 1 1,796 − − 1 1,796

Williamson ........................................ − − 4 668 4 668

Indiana ................................................... 3 2,963 34 26,707 37 29,670

Clay ................................................... − − 4 1,893 4 1,893

Daviess .............................................. − − 4 3,187 4 3,187

Dubois ............................................... − − 1 370 1 370

Gibson ............................................... 1 900 1 146 2 1,046

Greene ............................................... − − 3 2,083 3 2,083

Knox .................................................. 2 2,063 3 1,662 5 3,725

Owen ................................................. − − 2 413 2 413

Pike ................................................... − − 6 4,359 6 4,359

Sullivan ............................................. − − 2 4,772 2 4,772

Vigo .................................................. − − 2 1,694 2 1,694

Warrick ............................................. − − 6 6,129 6 6,129

Kansas .................................................... − − 1 232 1 232

Crawford ........................................... − − 1 232 1 232

Kentucky ................................................ 307 94,306 237 58,119 544 152,425

Bell .................................................... 13 2,654 12 2,391 25 5,044

Breathitt ............................................ − − 8 2,271 8 2,271

Butler ................................................ − − 2 244 2 244

Christian ............................................ − − 1 32 1 32

Clay ................................................... − − 5 98 5 98

Daviess .............................................. − − 6 894 6 894

Floyd ................................................. 35 3,227 11 3,920 46 7,147

Harlan ................................................ 31 9,436 9 866 40 10,302

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 7 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Kentucky (Continued)

Henderson ......................................... 1 631 2 1,453 3 2,084

Hopkins ............................................. 6 4,271 12 4,384 18 8,655

Johnson ............................................. 4 1,363 7 448 11 1,812

Knott ................................................. 29 4,801 17 7,407 46 12,208

Knox .................................................. 11 417 4 50 15 467

Laurel ................................................ − − 1 52 1 52

Lawrence ........................................... − − 3 69 3 69

Leslie ................................................. 10 8,017 8 1,701 18 9,718

Letcher .............................................. 17 5,381 22 2,665 39 8,046

Magoffin ........................................... 1 34 7 944 8 978

Martin ................................................ 14 6,332 9 5,453 23 11,785

McLean ............................................. 1 80 2 114 3 194

Morgan .............................................. − − 3535

Muhlenberg ....................................... 3 3,032 4 739 7 3,771

Ohio .................................................. 1 20 10 2,122 11 2,142

Owsley .............................................. − − 4 171 4 171

Perry .................................................. 13 3,991 14 6,377 27 10,368

Pike ................................................... 100 23,041 45 12,557 145 35,598

Union ................................................ 3 7,361 − − 3 7,361

Webster ............................................. 5 9,740 1 357 6 10,097

Whitley .............................................. 9 478 8 333 17 811

Louisiana ................................................ − − 2 3,221 2 3,221

De Soto ............................................. − − 1 2,434 1 2,434

Red River.......................................... − − 1 787 1 787

Maryland ............................................... 3 3,296 15 797 18 4,093

Allegany ............................................ − − 10 597 10 597

Garrett ............................................... 3 3,296 5 200 8 3,496

Missouri ................................................. − − 5 710 5 710

Barton ................................................ − − 1 88 1 88

Bates .................................................. − − 2 487 2 487

Randolph ........................................... − − 1 25 1 25

Vernon .............................................. − − 1 110 1 110

Montana ................................................. 1 147 7 37,744 8 37,891

Big Horn ........................................... − − 4 24,686 4 24,686

Musselshell ....................................... 1 147 − − 1 147

Richland ............................................ − − 1 256 1 256

Rosebud ............................................ − − 2 12,802 2 12,802

New Mexico ........................................... − − 6 24,067 6 24,067

Colfax ................................................ − − 1 1,259 1 1,259

McKinley .......................................... − − 2 9,527 2 9,527

San Juan............................................ − − 3 13,281 3 13,281

North Dakota ........................................ − − 5 29,861 5 29,861

McLean ............................................. − − 1 7,024 1 7,024

Mercer ............................................... − − 2 16,908 2 16,908

Oliver ................................................ − − 2 5,929 2 5,929

Ohio ........................................................ 9 15,912 90 12,660 99 28,572

Belmont ............................................. 1 4,741 9 1,175 10 5,916

Carroll ............................................... − − 6 329 6 329

Columbiana ....................................... 2 299 9 271 11 569

Coshocton ......................................... − − 5 757 5 757

Gallia ................................................. − − 1 268 1 268

Guernsey ........................................... − − 6 302 6 302

Harrison ............................................ 1 1,117 8 295 9 1,411

Holmes .............................................. − − 2 175 2 175

Jackson .............................................. − − 3 1,042 3 1,042

Jefferson ............................................ 2 422 9 412 11 833

Mahoning .......................................... − − 1414

Meigs ................................................ 2 5,951 − − 2 5,951

Monroe .............................................. 1 3,383 − − 1 3,383

Morgan .............................................. − − 1 1,543 1 1,543

Muskingum ....................................... − − 3 176 3 176

Noble ................................................. − − 2 857 2 857

Perry .................................................. − − 5 1,024 5 1,024

Stark .................................................. − − 7 606 7 606

Tuscarawas ........................................ − − 9 1,404 9 1,404

Vinton ............................................... − − 4 2,020 4 2,020

Oklahoma .............................................. 1 137 11 1,564 12 1,701

Craig .................................................. − − 1 130 1 130

Latimer .............................................. − − 1 193 1 193

Le Flore ............................................ 1 137 6 1,047 7 1,184

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Oklahoma (Continued)

Nowata .............................................. − − 2 187 2 187

Okmulgee .......................................... − − 1616

Pennsylvania .......................................... 83 47,247 319 20,694 402 67,942

Allegheny .......................................... − − 2 14 2 14

Armstrong ......................................... 9 3,974 23 1,371 32 5,346

Beaver ............................................... − − 4 239 4 239

Blair .................................................. − − 1 59 1 59

Butler ................................................ − − 6 56 6 56

Cambria ............................................. 2 60 11 1,255 13 1,315

Carbon ............................................... − − 1 318 1 318

Centre ................................................ − − 3 328 3 328

Clarion .............................................. − − 6 543 6 543

Clearfield .......................................... 2 154 48 4,273 50 4,428

Columbia ........................................... 1 141 5 270 6 411

Dauphin ............................................. 1 2 1 8 2 11

Elk ..................................................... − − 6 460 6 460

Fayette ............................................... − − 20 428 20 428

Greene ............................................... 9 29,746 2 48 11 29,794

Indiana .............................................. 8 4,190 19 952 27 5,143

Jefferson ............................................ 3 553 22 870 25 1,423

Lackawanna ...................................... − − 5 243 5 243

Lawrence ........................................... − − 2 139 2 139

Luzerne ............................................. − − 17 1,030 17 1,030

Lycoming .......................................... − − 1 333 1 333

Mercer ............................................... − − 2525

Northumberland ................................ 9 35 8 246 17 281

Schuylkill .......................................... 29 213 48 2,206 77 2,419

Snyder ............................................... − − 1111

Somerset ............................................ 7 1,848 31 3,533 38 5,381

Sullivan ............................................. − − 1 37 1 37

Venango ............................................ − − 1 31 1 31

Washington ....................................... 3 6,330 8 705 11 7,035

Westmoreland ................................... − − 14 690 14 690

Tennessee ............................................... 13 1,794 13 1,857 26 3,651

Anderson ........................................... 1 207 1 273 2 479

Bledsoe .............................................. − − 1313

Campbell ........................................... 7 723 3 344 10 1,067

Claiborne ........................................... 1 240 4 386 5 625

Fentress ............................................. − − 1 256 1 256

Marion ............................................... − − 2 46 2 46

Morgan .............................................. 1 42 − − 1 42

Scott .................................................. 1 155 − − 1 155

Sequatchie ......................................... 2 428 1 550 3 978

Texas ...................................................... − − 13 55,164 13 55,164

Atascosa ............................................ − − 1 3,324 1 3,324

Freestone ........................................... − − 1 5,196 1 5,196

Grimes ............................................... − − 1 567 1 567

Harrison ............................................ − − 2 4,173 2 4,173

Hopkins ............................................. − − 1 2,152 1 2,152

Leon .................................................. − − 1 8,865 1 8,865

Milam ................................................ − − 1 6,615 1 6,615

Panola ................................................ − − 1 6,814 1 6,814

Robertson .......................................... − − 1 1,933 1 1,933

Rusk .................................................. − − 1 6,509 1 6,509

Titus .................................................. − − 1 8,569 1 8,569

Webb ................................................. − − 1 446 1 446

Utah ........................................................ 11 27,507 − − 11 27,507

Carbon ............................................... 6 12,066 − − 6 12,066

Emery ................................................ 4 11,238 − − 4 11,238

Sevier ................................................ 1 4,202 − − 1 4,202

Virginia .................................................. 147 25,568 44 10,022 191 35,590

Buchanan .......................................... 65 13,364 9 1,419 74 14,784

Dickenson ......................................... 13 1,693 8 1,296 21 2,988

Lee .................................................... 7 1,492 3 544 10 2,036

Russell ............................................... 6 915 1 430 7 1,346

Scott .................................................. 1 5 − − 1 5

Tazewell ............................................ 16 1,717 1 122 17 1,840

Wise .................................................. 39 6,380 22 6,211 61 12,591

Washington ............................................ − − 3 4,565 3 4,565

King .................................................. − − 1 173 1 173

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 9 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Washington (Continued)

Lewis ................................................. − − 1 2,423 1 2,423

Thurston ............................................ − − 1 1,969 1 1,969

West Virginia ........................................ 264 115,585 122 54,848 386 170,433

Barbour ............................................. 6 1,498 4 49 10 1,547

Boone ................................................ 32 18,841 15 12,183 47 31,024

Braxton .............................................. 1 42 − − 1 42

Brooke ............................................... 1 1,438 1 10 2 1,448

Clay ................................................... − − 5 5,507 5 5,507

Fayette ............................................... 5 1,193 6 2,772 11 3,964

Gilmer ............................................... 1 30 − − 1 30

Grant ................................................. 2 2,810 2 228 4 3,039

Greenbrier ......................................... 3 766 2 38 5 804

Harrison ............................................ 5 4,600 6 82 11 4,682

Kanawha ........................................... 6 4,689 5 4,274 11 8,964

Logan ................................................ 17 3,769 12 15,020 29 18,789

Marion ............................................... 2 3,118 2 18 4 3,135

Marshall ............................................ 2 8,721 − − 2 8,721

McDowell ......................................... 66 4,928 11 1,207 77 6,135

Mineral .............................................. − − 2 134 2 134

Mingo ................................................ 34 17,612 15 5,351 49 22,963

Monongalia ....................................... 9 11,816 4 1,135 13 12,951

Nicholas ............................................ 13 2,085 3 437 16 2,522

Preston .............................................. 7 1,771 8 158 15 1,929

Raleigh .............................................. 17 10,413 2 797 19 11,209

Randolph ........................................... 4 540 1 30 5 570

Tucker ............................................... − − 2 602 2 602

Upshur ............................................... 4 1,323 8 411 12 1,734

Wayne ............................................... 4 2,934 2 1,197 6 4,131

Webster ............................................. 6 2,567 3 2,778 9 5,345

Wyoming .......................................... 17 8,082 1 428 18 8,510

Wyoming ................................................ 1 2,641 26 275,799 27 278,440

Campbell ........................................... − − 17 245,534 17 245,534

Carbon ............................................... 1 2,641 2 1,832 3 4,473

Converse ........................................... − − 2 15,839 2 15,839

Lincoln .............................................. − − 2 4,419 2 4,419

Sheridan ............................................ − − 1 16 1 16

Sweetwater ........................................ − − 2 8,159 2 8,159

U.S. Total............................................... 885 409,849 1,018 654,007 1,903 1,063,856

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

10 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 1,410 73 16,734 − 18,217

Colorado .............................................. 3,087 129 12,365 − 15,581

Illinois .................................................. 21,823 130 16,995 − 38,948

Indiana ................................................. 2,963 − − − 2,963

Kentucky Total .................................... 69,153 10,247 14,582 324 94,306

Eastern .............................................. 51,596 9,779 7,473 324 69,172

Western ............................................. 17,557 468 7,109 − 25,135

Maryland .............................................. 346 − 2,950 − 3,296

Montana ............................................... 147 − − − 147

Ohio ..................................................... 1,837 − 14,075 − 15,912

Oklahoma............................................. 137 − − − 137

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 11,924 1,645 33,635 43 47,247

Anthracite .......................................... 141 207 − 43 391

Bituminous ........................................ 11,783 1,438 33,635 − 46,856

Tennessee ............................................. 1,775 19 − − 1,794

Utah ...................................................... 2,069 588 24,849 − 27,507

Virginia ................................................ 11,888 5,755 7,925 − 25,568

West Virginia Total............................. 54,974 12,507 47,592 512 115,585

Northern ............................................ 6,795 1,430 31,537 512 40,274

Southern ............................................ 48,179 11,078 16,055 − 75,311

Wyoming ............................................. − − 2,641 − 2,641

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 135,750 29,778 130,384 878 296,791

Interior Total5 ................................... 42,480 598 24,104 − 67,183

Western Total5 .................................. 5,303 717 39,856 − 45,876

East of Miss. River............................ 178,093 30,377 154,488 878 363,837

West of Miss. River........................... 5,440 717 39,856 − 46,012

U.S. Total............................................ 183,533 31,093 194,344 878 409,849

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 11 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Alabama .................................................................... 8 6 4 6 25 4 17,488 3,866 1,036 977 1,256 14

Underground ........................................................ 7 3 − − 1 − 16,209 1,935 − − 73 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 3 4 6 24 4 1,279 1,931 1,036 977 1,182 14

Alaska........................................................................ 1 −−−−− 1,481 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 −−−−− 1,481 − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... 2 −−−−− 10,442 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 −−−−− 10,442 − − − − −

Arkansas ................................................................... −−−−− 5 − − − − − 21

Surface ................................................................. −−−−− 5 − − − − − 21

Colorado .................................................................... 6243 − − 21,920 1,145 1,323 498 − −

Underground ........................................................ 3 2 3 3 − − 12,976 1,145 962 498 − −

Surface ................................................................. 3 − 1 −−− 8,944 − 362 − − −

Illinois........................................................................ 18 4 3 1 4 1 42,938 2,306 1,119 130 160 3

Underground ........................................................ 16 1 1 1 1 − 37,728 578 499 130 13 −

Surface ................................................................. 2 3 2 − 3 1 5,210 1,727 620 − 147 3

Indiana ...................................................................... 10 11 8 3 4 1 18,426 7,335 3,326 381 199 3

Underground ........................................................ 1 2 −−−− 1,466 1,497 −−−−

Surface ................................................................. 9 9 8 3 4 1 16,960 5,839 3,326 381 199 3

Kansas....................................................................... − − 1 −−− − − 232 − − −

Surface ................................................................. − − 1 −−− − − 232 − − −

Kentucky Total ........................................................ 31 62 102 83 195 71 54,592 43,633 33,111 12,013 8,742 333

Underground ........................................................ 21 31 60 56 111 28 39,280 21,900 19,372 8,254 5,347 153

Surface ................................................................. 10 31 42 27 84 43 15,312 21,734 13,740 3,759 3,395 180

Eastern ................................................................... 21 48 93 77 180 65 34,071 33,349 29,916 11,182 8,136 297

Underground ........................................................ 12 25 57 56 109 28 20,103 17,155 18,259 8,254 5,247 153

Surface ................................................................. 9 23 36 21 71 37 13,968 16,194 11,657 2,928 2,889 144

Western .................................................................. 10 14 9 6 15 6 20,521 10,285 3,196 831 606 36

Underground ........................................................ 9 6 3 − 2 − 19,177 4,745 1,113 − 100 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 8 6 6 13 6 1,343 5,540 2,083 831 506 36

Louisiana................................................................... 1 1 −−−− 2,434 787 − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 1 −−−− 2,434 787 − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. 1 − 2 1 10 4 2,950 − 520 160 437 25

Underground ........................................................ 1 − 1 − 1 − 2,950 − 300 − 46 −

Surface ................................................................. − − 1 1 9 4 − − 221 160 391 25

Missouri .................................................................... − − 122 − − − 290 307 112 −

Surface ................................................................. − − 122 − − − 290 307 112 −

Montana .................................................................... 5111 − − 36,886 602 256 147 − −

Underground ........................................................ −−− 1 − − − − − 147 − −

Surface ................................................................. 5 1 1 −−− 36,886 602 256 − − −

New Mexico .............................................................. 6 −−−−− 24,067 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 6 −−−−− 24,067 − − − − −

North Dakota............................................................ 5 −−−−− 29,861 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 5 −−−−− 29,861 − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 7 5 11 16 47 13 17,826 3,170 3,248 2,483 1,792 53

Underground ........................................................ 5 − 1 3 − − 15,191 − 271 449 − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 5 10 13 47 13 2,635 3,170 2,977 2,034 1,792 53

Oklahoma.................................................................. − − 3 5 2 2 − − 909 738 40 14

Underground ........................................................ −−− 1 − − − − − 137 − −

Surface ................................................................. − − 3 4 2 2 − − 909 601 40 14

Pennsylvania Total .................................................. 12 8 33 39 172 138 39,573 5,698 10,399 5,597 6,143 530

Underground ........................................................ 11 4 13 4 19 32 38,198 3,245 4,340 673 683 108

Surface ................................................................. 1 4 20 35 153 106 1,375 2,453 6,059 4,924 5,460 423

Anthracite .............................................................. − 1 6 4 49 67 − 537 1,866 583 1,558 207

Underground ........................................................ −−− 1 8 31 − − − 141 143 107

Surface ................................................................. − 1 6 3 41 36 − 537 1,866 442 1,415 101

Bituminous............................................................. 12 7 27 35 123 71 39,573 5,162 8,534 5,014 4,585 323

Underground ........................................................ 11 4 13 3 11 1 38,198 3,245 4,340 532 539 1

Surface ................................................................. 1 3 14 32 112 70 1,375 1,917 4,193 4,482 4,045 322

Tennessee .................................................................. − 19475 − 550 2,257 572 241 30

Underground ........................................................ − − 5 3 4 1 − − 1,224 415 152 4

Surface ................................................................. − 14134 − 550 1,034 157 89 26

Texas.......................................................................... 10 1 2 −−− 53,869 567 727 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 10 1 2 −−− 53,869 567 727 − − −

See footnotes at end of table.

12 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Utah ........................................................................... 8 2 −−− 1 25,942 1,557 − − − 7

Underground ........................................................ 8 2 −−− 1 25,942 1,557 − − − 7

Virginia ..................................................................... 3 11 37 36 82 22 7,925 7,054 11,302 5,065 4,150 95

Underground ........................................................ 3 4 26 29 69 16 7,925 2,423 7,594 3,964 3,593 68

Surface ................................................................. − 7 11 7 13 6 − 4,631 3,707 1,101 556 27

Washington ............................................................... 2 − − 1 − − 4,393 − − 173 − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 − − 1 − − 4,393 − − 173 − −

West Virginia Total................................................. 42 43 73 44 147 37 101,588 32,292 24,001 5,910 6,482 160

Underground ........................................................ 27 29 54 32 104 18 66,871 21,784 17,500 4,413 4,928 88

Surface ................................................................. 15 14 19 12 43 19 34,717 10,508 6,501 1,497 1,553 72

Northern................................................................. 12 5 10 10 38 18 35,632 4,023 3,311 1,299 1,573 73

Underground ........................................................ 10 4 8 6 17 5 32,888 3,068 2,616 840 838 23

Surface ................................................................. 2 1 2 4 21 13 2,744 955 695 459 735 50

Southern................................................................. 30 38 63 34 109 19 65,956 28,270 20,690 4,611 4,909 87

Underground ........................................................ 17 25 46 26 87 13 33,982 18,716 14,884 3,573 4,090 65

Surface ................................................................. 13 13 17 8 22 6 31,973 9,554 5,805 1,038 819 22

Wyoming ................................................................... 22 2 1 1 1 − 276,349 1,599 278 198 16 −

Underground ........................................................ 1 −−−−− 2,641 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 21 2 1 1 1 − 273,708 1,599 278 198 16 −

Appalachian Total1 ................................................. 94 122 262 223 670 288 221,422 85,979 82,680 31,947 28,637 1,204

Underground ........................................................ 66 65 157 127 307 95 167,447 46,542 49,488 18,168 14,724 421

Surface ................................................................. 28 57 105 96 363 193 53,975 39,437 33,191 13,778 13,913 783

Interior Total1.......................................................... 49 31 27 17 27 15 138,188 21,279 9,799 2,388 1,117 77

Underground ........................................................ 26 9 4 2 3 − 58,371 6,820 1,613 267 113 −

Surface ................................................................. 23 22 23 15 24 15 79,817 14,460 8,186 2,121 1,004 77

Western Total1......................................................... 57 7 6 6 1 1 431,339 4,903 1,858 1,016 16 7

Underground ........................................................ 12 4 3 4 − 1 41,558 2,703 962 645 − 7

Surface ................................................................. 45 3 3 2 1 − 389,781 2,201 896 371 16 −

East of Miss. River .................................................. 132 151 282 233 693 296 303,306 105,904 90,320 33,289 29,601 1,246

Underground ........................................................ 92 74 161 128 310 95 225,818 53,362 51,101 18,298 14,837 421

Surface ................................................................. 40 77 121 105 383 201 77,488 52,543 39,219 14,991 14,764 825

West of Miss. River ................................................. 68 9 13 13 5 8 487,643 6,257 4,016 2,062 168 42

Underground ........................................................ 12 4 3 5 − 1 41,558 2,703 962 782 − 7

Surface ................................................................. 56 5 10 8 5 7 446,085 3,554 3,054 1,280 168 35

U.S. Total.................................................................. 200 160 295 246 698 304 790,949 112,162 94,336 35,351 29,769 1,288

Underground ........................................................... 104 78 164 133 310 96 267,377 56,064 52,063 19,080 14,837 428

Surface .................................................................... 96 82 131 113 388 208 523,573 56,097 42,274 16,271 14,932 860

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 13 
Table 7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface Total (inches)

 < 7 .................................................... − 48 48

7-12 .................................................... − 1,938 1,938

13-18 .................................................. − 8,602 8,602

19-24 .................................................. 385 19,274 19,659

25-30 .................................................. 5,997 22,801 28,798

31-36 .................................................. 34,894 35,680 70,574

37-42 .................................................. 27,811 22,250 50,061

43-48 .................................................. 33,835 28,441 62,276

49-54 .................................................. 32,354 14,823 47,176

55-60 .................................................. 46,440 14,803 61,244

61-66 .................................................. 46,723 12,354 59,077

67-72 .................................................. 35,067 16,971 52,037

73-78 .................................................. 21,643 6,771 28,413

79-84 .................................................. 38,309 11,885 50,195

85-90 .................................................. 8,000 8,917 16,917

91-96 .................................................. 28,244 6,785 35,029

97-102 ................................................ 5,926 12,426 18,352

103-108 .............................................. 3,881 5,982 9,863

109-114 .............................................. 5,837 1,400 7,237

115-120 .............................................. 9,870 5,546 15,415

> 120 .............................................. 24,205 395,452 419,657

Unknown1 ......................................... 428 860 1,288

U.S. Total .......................................... 409,849 654,007 1,063,856

1 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

14 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and

Mine Type, 1996

Production Thickness

Coalbed ID Number 1 (thousand short tons) (inches)

Coalbed Name 2

 Underground Surface Total Average3 Low High

1699 Wyodak ................................................................ − 243,432 243,432 836 300 1,264

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................................. 71,962 1,957 73,919 74 18 108

0489 No. 9 .................................................................... 30,011 9,859 39,871 63 42 84

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ................................................... 15,326 22,902 38,228 74 20 226

0484 No. 6 .................................................................... 28,228 4,147 32,375 78 45 100

1569 Beulah-Zap........................................................... − 28,701 28,701 155 132 180

0135 Hazard No. 4........................................................ 18,347 3,020 21,367 45 20 102

0084 Lower Kittanning................................................. 4,757 14,970 19,727 55 12 174

0103 Stockton-Lewiston ............................................... 3,886 14,996 18,882 75 14 120

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................................... 14,983 1,636 16,619 58 18 96

0071 Upper Freeport..................................................... 12,302 3,638 15,940 63 6 96

1808 Rosebud................................................................ − 15,416 15,416 257 216 276

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................................. 14,980 0 14,980 64 38 83

0151 Elkhorn No. 1 ...................................................... 10,856 3,871 14,727 49 12 96

0154 Elkhorn No. 2 ...................................................... 11,634 2,610 14,244 52 14 66

0157 Elkhorn No. 3 ...................................................... 9,388 2,970 12,359 72 15 120

0121 Hazard No. 5........................................................ 7,191 2,887 10,078 54 10 95

Major Coalbeds Total ................................................... 253,852 377,012 630,865 372 6 1,264

Other Coalbeds............................................................... 155,568 276,135 431,703 134 1 960

Unknown4 ....................................................................... 428 860 1,288 NA NA NA

U.S. Total ........................................................................ 409,849 654,007 1,063,856 275 1 1,264

1 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal

zones. 2 The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having the

greatest production for each coalbed are: Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0151, 0154, 0157, 0168); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103, 0344);

Pennsylvania (0071,0076); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); North Dakota (1569); Montana (1808); Wyoming (1699). In some other States where

these are major producing beds, the following alternate coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennesee), Taggert (Virginia), Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0154, Lower Cedar Grove (West Virginia);

0157, Upper Standiford (Virginia), Alma (West Virginia); 0168, No. 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0483, No. 12 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No. 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana).

3 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production.

4 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. A major coalbed is

defined here as a coalbed from which 10 million or more short tons were produced during the year. The category ‘‘Other Coalbeds’’ includes all coalbeds from which less than 10 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the

coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these

types are also included in ‘‘Other Coalbeds,’’ even though production may exceed 10 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 15 
Table 9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total

 Coal-Producing Number Number Number Number Number State and Region of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production

Mines Mines Mines Mines Mines

Alabama............................................... 53 24,637 − − − − − − 53 24,637

Alaska .................................................. − − 1 1,481 − − − − 1 1,481

Arizona ................................................ 2 10,442 − − − − − − 2 10,442

Arkansas .............................................. 3 5 − − − − 2 16 5 21

Colorado .............................................. 12 15,942 3 8,944 − − − − 15 24,886

Illinois .................................................. 31 46,656 − − − − − − 31 46,656

Indiana ................................................. 37 29,670 − − − − − − 37 29,670

Kansas.................................................. 1 232 − − − − − − 1 232

Kentucky Total .................................... 544 152,425 − − − − − − 544 152,425

Eastern .............................................. 484 116,951 − − − − − − 484 116,951

Western ............................................. 60 35,474 − − − − − − 60 35,474

Louisiana.............................................. − − − − 2 3,221 − − 2 3,221

Maryland.............................................. 18 4,093 − − − − − − 18 4,093

Missouri ............................................... 5 710 − − − − − − 5 710

Montana ............................................... − − 7 37,635 1 256 − − 8 37,891

New Mexico ........................................ 4 12,837 2 11,230 − − − − 6 24,067

North Dakota ....................................... − − − − 5 29,861 − − 5 29,861

Ohio ..................................................... 99 28,572 − − − − − − 99 28,572

Oklahoma............................................. 12 1,701 − − − − − − 12 1,701

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 275 63,190 − − − − 127 4,751 402 67,942

Anthracite.......................................... − − − − − − 127 4,751 127 4,751

Bituminous........................................ 275 63,190 − − − − − − 275 63,190

Tennessee............................................. 26 3,651 − − − − − − 26 3,651

Texas.................................................... 1 446 − − 12 54,718 − − 13 55,164

Utah...................................................... 11 27,507 − − − − − − 11 27,507

Virginia ................................................ 191 35,590 − − − − − − 191 35,590

Washington .......................................... 1 173 2 4,393 − − − − 3 4,565

West Virginia Total............................. 386 170,433 −−−−−− 386 170,433

Northern ............................................ 93 45,910 − − − − − − 93 45,910

Southern ............................................ 293 124,523 − − − − − − 293 124,523

Wyoming ............................................. 2 1,832 25 276,608 − − − − 27 278,440

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,532 447,116 − − − − 127 4,751 1,659 451,868

Interior Total1 ................................... 150 114,893 − − 14 57,939 2 16 166 172,848

Western Total1 .................................. 32 68,732 40 340,291 6 30,117 − − 78 439,140

East of Miss. River............................ 1,660 558,916 −−−− 127 4,751 1,787 563,668

West of Miss. River........................... 54 71,825 40 340,291 20 88,056 2 16 116 500,188

U.S. Total............................................ 1,714 630,741 40 340,291 20 88,056 129 4,768 1,903 1,063,856

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

16 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Coal-Producing Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Subbitumi- Medium Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region Low Volatile High Volatile Total1 nous Volatile

Alabama ..................................................... 7,359 3,654 13,303 24,637 −−− 24,637

Alaska ......................................................... −−−− 1,481 − − 1,481

Arizona ....................................................... − − 10,442 10,442 −−− 10,442

Arkansas ..................................................... 5 − − 5 − − 16 21

Colorado ..................................................... − 129 15,814 15,942 8,944 − − 24,886

Illinois ........................................................ − − 46,656 46,656 −−− 46,656

Indiana ........................................................ − − 29,670 29,670 −−− 29,670

Kansas ........................................................ − − 232 232 −−− 232

Kentucky Total .......................................... 966 2,121 148,414 152,425 −−− 152,425

Eastern ..................................................... 966 2,121 113,864 116,951 −−− 116,951

Western ................................................... − − 34,550 35,474 −−− 35,474

Louisiana .................................................... −−−−− 3,221 − 3,221

Maryland .................................................... 4,093 − − 4,093 −−− 4,093

Missouri ..................................................... − − 710 710 −−− 710

Montana ..................................................... −−−− 37,635 256 − 37,891

New Mexico............................................... − − 12,837 12,837 11,230 − − 24,067

North Dakota ............................................. −−−−− 29,861 − 29,861

Ohio ............................................................ 13 474 27,394 28,572 −−− 28,572

Oklahoma ................................................... 268 909 524 1,701 −−− 1,701

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 4,121 11,564 46,839 63,190 − − 4,751 67,942

Anthracite ................................................ −−−−−− 4,751 4,751

Bituminous .............................................. 4,121 11,564 46,839 63,190 −−− 63,190

Tennessee ................................................... − 1,219 2,432 3,651 −−− 3,651

Texas .......................................................... − 446 − 446 − 54,718 − 55,164

Utah ............................................................ − − 27,507 27,507 −−− 27,507

Virginia ...................................................... 6,928 7,085 21,577 35,590 −−− 35,590

Washington ................................................ − − 173 173 4,393 − − 4,565

West Virginia Total ................................... 17,312 12,641 139,952 170,433 −−− 170,433

Northern .................................................. 3,927 1,803 39,669 45,910 −−− 45,910

Southern .................................................. 13,385 10,838 100,283 124,523 −−− 124,523

Wyoming .................................................... − − 1,832 1,832 276,608 − − 278,440

Appalachian Total2 ................................. 40,792 38,758 365,361 447,116 − − 4,751 451,868

Interior Total2.......................................... 273 1,354 112,342 114,893 − 57,939 16 172,848

Western Total2......................................... − 129 68,603 68,732 340,291 30,117 − 439,140

East of Miss. River .................................. 40,792 38,758 476,237 558,916 − − 4,751 563,668

West of Miss. River ................................. 273 1,483 70,069 71,825 340,291 88,056 16 500,188

U.S. Total .................................................. 41,065 40,241 546,307 630,741 340,291 88,056 4,768 1,063,856

1 Includes bituminous production with volatile content not reported.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal group definitions. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 17 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 17,060 − 17,060 7,563 24,623

Underground .................................. 14,519 − 14,519 3,698 18,217

Surface ........................................... 2,541 − 2,541 3,865 6,406

Alaska.................................................. − 1,481 1,481 − 1,481

Surface ........................................... − 1,481 1,481 − 1,481

Arizona ................................................ 10,442 − 10,442 − 10,442

Surface ........................................... 10,442 − 10,442 − 10,442

Colorado ............................................. 2,591 2,008 4,599 20,287 24,886

Underground .................................. 1,007 − 1,007 14,574 15,581

Surface ........................................... 1,584 2,008 3,592 5,714 9,305

Illinois .................................................. 32,104 3,449 35,553 11,099 46,652

Underground .................................. 25,635 2,776 28,411 10,538 38,948

Surface ........................................... 6,469 673 7,143 561 7,704

Indiana ................................................ 14,933 − 14,933 14,734 29,667

Underground .................................. 900 − 900 2,063 2,963

Surface ........................................... 14,033 − 14,033 12,672 26,704

Kansas ................................................. 232 − 232 − 232

Surface ........................................... 232 − 232 − 232

Kentucky Total .................................. 20,430 779 21,209 130,883 152,092

Underground .................................. 15,903 245 16,148 78,005 94,153

Surface ........................................... 4,528 533 5,061 52,878 57,939

Eastern ............................................. 10,455 779 11,234 105,420 116,654

Underground .................................. 7,149 245 7,395 61,624 69,018

Surface ........................................... 3,306 533 3,839 43,796 47,635

Western ............................................ 9,975 − 9,975 25,463 35,438

Underground .................................. 8,754 − 8,754 16,381 25,135

Surface ........................................... 1,222 − 1,222 9,082 10,304

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 3,221 3,221

Surface ........................................... − − − 3,221 3,221

Maryland ............................................ − − − 4,068 4,068

Underground .................................. − − − 3,296 3,296

Surface ........................................... − − − 772 772

Missouri .............................................. − − − 710 710

Surface ........................................... − − − 710 710

Montana.............................................. 16,241 12,476 28,717 9,174 37,891

Underground .................................. − − − 147 147

Surface ........................................... 16,241 12,476 28,717 9,027 37,744

New Mexico ........................................ 6,587 13,281 19,868 4,199 24,067

Surface ........................................... 6,587 13,281 19,868 4,199 24,067

North Dakota ..................................... 2,675 4,538 7,212 22,648 29,861

Surface ........................................... 2,675 4,538 7,212 22,648 29,861

Ohio ..................................................... 15,673 − 15,673 12,847 28,520

Underground .................................. 14,075 − 14,075 1,837 15,912

Surface ........................................... 1,598 − 1,598 11,010 12,608

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 1,687 1,687

Underground .................................. − − − 137 137

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,550 1,550

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 25,899 65 25,964 41,447 67,411

Underground .................................. 23,992 − 23,992 23,147 47,140

Surface ........................................... 1,907 65 1,972 18,300 20,272

Anthracite ........................................ 986 65 1,052 3,492 4,544

Underground .................................. − − − 284 284

Surface ........................................... 986 65 1,052 3,208 4,259

Bituminous ....................................... 24,913 − 24,913 37,955 62,868

Underground .................................. 23,992 − 23,992 22,863 46,855

Surface ........................................... 920 − 920 15,092 16,012

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 3,621 3,621

Underground .................................. − − − 1,790 1,790

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,830 1,830

Texas ................................................... − 36,136 36,136 19,027 55,164

Surface ........................................... − 36,136 36,136 19,027 55,164

Utah ..................................................... 9,256 − 9,256 18,243 27,499

Underground .................................. 9,256 − 9,256 18,243 27,499

Virginia ............................................... 7,309 707 8,017 27,478 35,495

Underground .................................. 6,999 − 6,999 18,501 25,500

Surface ........................................... 310 707 1,018 8,978 9,995

Washington......................................... − 4,393 4,393 173 4,565

Surface ........................................... − 4,393 4,393 173 4,565

West Virginia Total........................... 89,208 − 89,208 81,065 170,273

Underground .................................. 65,086 − 65,086 50,411 115,497

Surface ........................................... 24,122 − 24,122 30,654 54,776

See footnotes at end of table.

18 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 31,636 − 31,636 14,201 45,838

Underground .................................. 31,636 − 31,636 8,614 40,251

Surface ........................................... − − − 5,587 5,587

Southern ........................................... 57,572 − 57,572 66,863 124,435

Underground .................................. 33,449 − 33,449 41,796 75,246

Surface ........................................... 24,122 − 24,122 25,067 49,189

Wyoming............................................. 4,435 10,114 14,549 263,891 278,440

Underground .................................. − − − 2,641 2,641

Surface ........................................... 4,435 10,114 14,549 261,250 275,799

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 165,605 1,551 167,156 283,508 450,664

Underground .................................. 131,820 245 132,066 164,304 296,370

Surface ........................................... 33,785 1,306 35,090 119,204 154,294

Interior Total1 ................................... 57,245 39,585 96,830 75,941 172,771

Underground .................................. 35,289 2,776 38,064 29,118 67,183

Surface ........................................... 21,956 36,809 58,765 46,823 105,588

Western Total1 .................................. 52,227 48,290 100,517 338,616 439,133

Underground .................................. 10,263 − 10,263 35,605 45,868

Surface ........................................... 41,963 48,290 90,253 303,011 393,265

East of Miss. River............................ 222,617 5,000 227,617 334,804 562,422

Underground .................................. 167,109 3,021 170,130 193,286 363,416

Surface ........................................... 55,508 1,979 57,487 141,519 199,006

West of Miss. River........................... 52,459 84,426 136,885 363,261 500,146

Underground .................................. 10,263 − 10,263 35,742 46,005

Surface ........................................... 42,196 84,426 126,622 327,519 454,141

Unknown2........................................... NA NA NA NA 1,288

Underground .................................. NA NA NA NA 428

Surface ........................................... NA NA NA NA 860

U.S. Total............................................ 275,076 89,426 364,502 698,065 1,063,856

Underground ..................................... 177,373 3,021 180,394 229,027 409,849

Surface .............................................. 97,704 86,405 184,109 469,038 654,007

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 19 
Table 12. Coal Production by State and Disposition, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2 Total State and Region

Alabama ................................................................ 23,749 874 24,623

Alaska .................................................................... 1,478 2 1,481

Arizona .................................................................. 10,442 0 10,442

Colorado ................................................................ 24,886 0 24,886

Illinois ................................................................... 46,080 573 46,652

Indiana ................................................................... 29,666 1 29,667

Kansas ................................................................... 232 0 232

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 149,169 2,923 152,092

Eastern ................................................................ 113,733 2,921 116,654

Western .............................................................. 35,437 2 35,438

Louisiana ............................................................... 3,221 0 3,221

Maryland ............................................................... 4,042 25 4,068

Missouri ................................................................ 710 0 710

Montana ................................................................ 34,909 2,982 37,891

New Mexico.......................................................... 24,067 0 24,067

North Dakota ........................................................ 28,959 901 29,861

Ohio ....................................................................... 20,591 7,929 28,520

Oklahoma .............................................................. 1,687 0 1,687

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 64,992 2,420 67,411

Anthracite ........................................................... 2,853 1,691 4,544

Bituminous ......................................................... 62,139 729 62,868

Tennessee .............................................................. 3,603 17 3,621

Texas ..................................................................... 15,136 40,027 55,164

Utah ....................................................................... 19,294 8,205 27,499

Virginia ................................................................. 33,519 1,976 35,495

Washington ........................................................... 173 4,393 4,565

West Virginia Total .............................................. 167,700 2,573 170,273

Northern ............................................................. 44,756 1,082 45,838

Southern ............................................................. 122,944 1,491 124,435

Wyoming ............................................................... 262,384 16,056 278,440

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 431,930 18,734 450,664

Interior Total3..................................................... 132,168 40,603 172,771

Western Total3.................................................... 406,593 32,540 439,133

East of Miss. River ............................................. 543,112 19,310 562,422

West of Miss. River ............................................ 427,579 72,567 500,146

Total4 .................................................................... 970,691 91,877 1,062,568

Unknown5 ............................................................ NA NA 1,288

U.S. Total ............................................................. NA NA 1,063,856

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

4 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

5 Includes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

20 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal

and Indian Leases by State, 1996

 Federal Leases Indian Leases

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Acres Production Royalties Acres Production Royalties

Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars) Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars)

Alabama ................................. 1,610 49 169 −− −

Arizona .................................. −− − 64,858 12,185 33,226

Colorado ................................ 49,633 18,765 28,560 −− −

Kentucky ................................ 2,413 249 268 −− −

Montana ................................. 31,540 24,816 32,935 14,746 4,681 2,139

New Mexico .......................... 12,132 5,861 20,844 36,026 9,439 27,697

North Dakota......................... 5,472 1,835 1,012 −− −

Oklahoma .............................. 10,251 769 746 −− −

Utah ....................................... 44,215 26,403 39,456 −− −

Washington ............................ 241 570 1,233 −− −

Wyoming ............................... 118,403 248,866 176,655 −− −

Appalachian Total1............. 1,610 49 170 −− −

Interior Total1 ..................... 12,664 1,018 1,015 −− −

Western Total1 .................... 261,636 327,121 300,701 115,630 26,305 63,064

East of Miss. River.............. 4,023 298 438 −− −

West of Miss. River............. 271,887 327,890 301,448 115,630 26,305 63,064

U.S. Total.............................. 275,910 328,188 301,885 115,630 26,305 63,064

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: U.S. Total for this table represents Federal and Indian Leases only. Output from Federal and Indian Lands is reported as sales volume, the

basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues, 1996, Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 21 
Table 14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1996

Production Rank Mine Name/Company Mine Type State (short tons)

1 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 39,258,024

2 North Antelope/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 28,623,169

3 Rochelle/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 26,248,241

4 Jacobs Ranch/Kerr-McGee Coal Surface Wyoming 24,522,960

5 Caballo/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 22,003,064

6 Belle Ayr/AMAX Coal West Surface Wyoming 19,970,300

7 Eagle Butte/AMAX Coal West Surface Wyoming 15,642,744

8 Freedom-Coteau/Coteau Properties Surface North Dakota 15,624,702

9 Caballo Rojo/Caballo Rojo Surface Wyoming 15,082,891

10 Rawhide/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 15,068,358

11 Cordero/Cordero Mining Surface Wyoming 13,071,242

12 Antelope/Antelope Coal Surface Wyoming 12,045,854

13 Buckskin/Triton Coal Surface Wyoming 12,005,334

14 West Decker/Decker Coal Surface Montana 10,388,948

15 Spring Creek/Spring Creek Coal Surface Montana 9,026,789

16 Jewett/Northwestern Resources Surface Texas 8,865,214

17 Enlow Fork/Enlow Fork Mining Underground Pennsylvania 8,723,644

18 Monticello-Winfield/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 8,568,801

19 Rosebud No 6/Western Energy Surface Montana 7,807,347

20 Bailey No 1/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 7,469,255

21 Navajo/BHP Minerals Surface New Mexico 7,031,000

22 Falkirk/Falkirk Mining Surface North Dakota 7,023,633

23 Martin Lake/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 6,813,996

24 Galatia No 56/Kerr-McGee Coal Underground Illinois 6,629,282

25 Sandow-Rockdale/ALCOA Surface Texas 6,615,490

26 Martin Lake-Oak Hill/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 6,508,728

27 Jim Bridger/Bridger Coal Surface Wyoming 6,321,161

28 Kayenta/Peabody Western Surface Arizona 6,236,855

29 Mount Gunnison/Mountain Coal Underground Colorado 5,986,138

30 Foidel Creek/Twenty Mile Coal Underground Colorado 5,836,673

31 Coal Creek/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 5,769,025

32 Colowyo/Colowyo Coal Surface Colorado 5,713,565

33 Cumberland/Cyprus Cumberland Underground Pennsylvania 5,327,908

34 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Surface New Mexico 5,327,649

35 Mountaineer/Mingo Logan Coal Underground West Virginia 5,245,650

36 Big Brown/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,195,579

37 Big Sky/Big Sky Coal Surface Montana 4,994,234

38 Peats Branch No 3/Hobet Mining Surface West Virginia 4,847,375

39 Powhatan No 6/Ohio Valley Coal Underground Ohio 4,741,214

40 Absaloka/Westmoreland Resources Surface Montana 4,668,495

41 Skyline/Coastal States Energy Underground Utah 4,628,282

42 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Underground West Virginia 4,580,428

43 No 37/Arch of Kentucky Underground Kentucky 4,547,046

44 Center/BNI Coal Surface North Dakota 4,537,957

45 Samples(Boone)/Catenary Coal Surface West Virginia 4,493,734

46 No 50/US Steel Mining Underground West Virginia 4,492,196

47 Shoemaker/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,415,744

48 Deer Creek/PacifiCorp Underground Utah 4,337,999

49 McElory/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,305,682

50 Robinson Run/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,216,327

51 Black Mesa/Peabody Western Surface Arizona 4,204,908

52 Southern Utah Fuel/Coastal States Energy Underground Utah 4,202,439

53 Lee Ranch/Lee Ranch Coal Surface New Mexico 4,199,387

54 No 13 Baker/Costain Coal Underground Kentucky 3,986,028

55 South Hallsville No 1/Sabine Mining Surface Texas 3,892,053

56 San Juan/San Juan Coal Surface New Mexico 3,875,153

57 Trail Mountain/PacifiCorp Underground Utah 3,825,647

58 Dave Johnston/PacifiCorp Surface Wyoming 3,792,706

59 Marissa(Washington)/Peabody Coal Underground Illinois 3,673,750

60 Kemmerer/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Surface Wyoming 3,650,865

61 Dilworth/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 3,632,018

62 Buchanan No 1/CONSOL Underground Virginia 3,556,890

63 Blacksville No 2/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,459,798

64 Shoal Creek/Drummond Co Underground Alabama 3,417,799

65 Lynnville/Peabody Coal Surface Indiana 3,404,172

66 Powhatan No 4/CONSOL Underground Ohio 3,382,895

67 No 21/Hobet Mining Surface West Virginia 3,366,564

68 San Miguel/Atascosa Mining Surface Texas 3,324,110

69 Hawthorn/Peabody Coal Surface Indiana 3,317,693

* Subtotal 551,570,801

* All Other Mines 512,284,712

* U.S. Total 1,063,855,513

Notes: Major mines are mines that produced more than 3.3 million short tons in 1996. The company is the firm operating the mine.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Production Report.’’

22 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1996

 Production Rank Company Name Percent of Total Production (thousand short tons)

1 Peabody Holding Co., Inc. 142,811 13.4

2 Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. 74,738 7.0

3 Consol Energy Inc. 70,072 6.6

4 Kennecott Energy Co. 62,527 5.9

5 ARCO Coal Co 51,013 4.8

6 Kerr-McGee Coal Corp. 31,350 2.9

7 Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 31,001 2.9

8 Marrowbone Development Co. 29,239 2.7

9 Texas Utilities Co. 28,214 2.6

10 A.T. Massey Coal Co. 27,327 2.6

11 North American Coal Corp. 26,284 2.5

12 Arch Mineral Corp. 20,153 1.9

13 Montana Power Co. 19,623 1.8

14 Ashland Coal Inc. 16,091 1.5

15 Marigold Land Co. 14,731 1.4

16 Pittston Coal Group 13,281 1.2

17 BHP Utah Minerals 13,228 1.2

18 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co. 12,946 1.2

19 Mapco Coal Inc. 12,844 1.2

20 Kiewit Coal Properties Inc. 9,863 .9

21 Costain Coal Inc. 9,342 .9

22 Coastal Corp (The) 8,932 .8

23 AEP Service Corp. 8,652 .8

24 Jamer River Coal Co. 8,025 .8

25 Anadalex Resources Inc. 7,613 .7

26 Drummond Company Inc. 7,342 .7

27 Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Co. 7,315 .7

28 Jim Walter Resources Inc. 7,313 .7

29 U S steele Mining Co., Inc. 7,169 .7

30 Black Beauty Coal Co. 6,628 .6

31 Teco Coal Corp. 6,615 .6

32 Aluminum Company of America 5,379 .5

33 Westmoreland Resources Inc. 5,111 .5

34 General Dynamics Corp. 4,741 .4

35 Ohio Valley Resources Inc. 4,538 .4

36 Minnesota Power & Light 4,199 .4

37 Hanson PLC 4,132 .4

38 Lee Ranch Coal Company 3,828 .4

39 Exxon Corporation 3,689 .3

40 Sun Co., Inc. 3,554 .3

41 Kindill Mining Inc. 3,324 .3

42 Golden Oak Mining Co. LP 3,243 .3

43 San Miguel Electric CoOp 3,209 .3

44 Black Hills Corp. 2,982 .3

45 A N R Coal Co. 2,948 .3

46 Leslie Resources Inc. 2,931 .3

47 Addington Enterprises Inc. 2,758 .3

48 MDU Resources Group Inc. 2,660 .2

49 Pen Coal Corp. 2,482 .2

50 Fola Coal Co. 2,455 .2

51 Dorchester Coal Co., Inc. 2,434 .2

52 Mincorp Inc. 2,306 .2

53 Dolet Hills Mining Venture 2,225 .2

54 Anker Group Inc. 2,056 .2

55 Maple Creek Mining Inc. 2,056 .2

56 Appolo Fuels Inc. 2,014 .2

57 Waterloo Coal Co., Inc. 2,008 .2

* Subtotal 875,548 82.3

* All other coal producers 188,308 17.7

* U.S. Total 1,063,856 100.0

Notes: Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 2 million short tons in 1996. The company is the

firm owning the mineral rights to the mined coal.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine

Employment and Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 23 
Productive Capacity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 25 
Table 16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 19871 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 32,159 32,546 33,049 27,916 29,815 29,189 −1.2 1.9 1.1

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. 29,330 32,435 31,075 30,040 25,848 21,321 −9.6 3.2 3.6

Illinois .................................................. 61,727 56,627 69,414 69,320 75,787 75,852 9.0 −5.0 −2.3

Indiana ................................................. 35,564 35,256 38,931 43,955 42,990 45,344 .9 −4.6 −2.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w ww w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 189,225 203,173 213,427 204,805 195,352 185,985 −6.9 −.8 .2

Eastern .............................................. 145,691 152,111 161,731 157,318 149,046 128,874 −4.2 −.6 1.4

Western ............................................. 43,534 51,062 51,696 47,486 46,306 57,110 −14.7 −1.5 −3.0

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 4,935 4,408 4,332 3,927 3,902 4,647 11.9 6.0 .7

Missouri ............................................... 1,046 1,081 1,209 w w w −3.2 w −16.6

Montana ............................................... 56,175 51,597 51,104 50,849 48,582 42,848 8.9 3.7 3.0

New Mexico ........................................ 32,695 32,760 32,807 33,360 29,512 33,295 −.2 2.6 −.2

North Dakota ....................................... 32,184 34,464 35,920 36,371 36,986 39,166 −6.6 −3.4 −2.1

Ohio ..................................................... 37,584 34,011 43,925 42,236 41,329 46,337 10.5 −2.3 −2.3

Oklahoma............................................. 1,981 2,557 2,251 2,422 2,486 3,818 −22.5 −5.5 −7.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 81,684 77,187 80,975 82,148 82,968 86,765 5.8 −.4 −.7

Anthracite.......................................... 5,504 6,547 5,776 5,806 4,143 3,871 −15.9 7.4 4.0

Bituminous........................................ 76,180 70,640 75,200 76,342 78,825 82,895 7.8 −.8 −.9

Tennessee............................................. 4,009 3,750 3,409 3,763 3,932 7,305 6.9 .5 −6.4

Texas.................................................... 59,604 54,758 55,856 57,115 58,541 51,636 8.8 .4 1.6

Utah...................................................... 30,230 30,888 27,640 25,933 25,534 22,976 −2.1 4.3 3.1

Virginia ................................................ 41,593 43,037 46,462 50,879 54,471 49,676 −3.3 −6.5 −1.9

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 217,409 204,837 201,684 191,706 198,083 158,356 6.1 2.3 3.6

Northern ............................................ 54,602 56,355 59,295 60,015 62,811 59,630 −3.1 −3.4 −1.0

Southern ............................................ 162,807 148,482 142,388 131,691 135,271 98,726 9.6 4.7 5.7

Wyoming ............................................. 350,908 337,184 321,046 277,875 253,312 247,476 4.1 8.5 3.9

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 565,064 551,888 575,568 559,893 563,545 511,150 2.4 .1 1.1

Interior Total2 ................................... 207,658 205,393 223,897 225,938 235,040 245,624 1.1 −3.0 −1.8

Western Total2 .................................. 551,990 541,773 521,191 476,042 442,469 426,630 1.9 5.7 2.9

East of Miss. River............................ 705,890 694,832 735,609 720,654 728,628 689,457 1.6 −.8 .3

West of Miss. River........................... 618,823 604,222 585,047 541,219 512,426 493,948 2.4 4.8 2.5

U.S. Total............................................ 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,183,404 2.0 1.6 1.3

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

26 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Percent)

 Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 19871

State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 76.57 75.52 70.19 88.46 86.26 87.23

Alaska ..................................................... wwwwww

Arizona .................................................... wwwwww

Arkansas .................................................. − wwwww

California ................................................ −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. 84.85 79.27 81.41 72.84 74.35 67.59

Illinois ..................................................... 75.58 85.08 76.06 59.28 78.98 77.98

Indiana .................................................... 83.42 73.70 79.37 66.60 70.86 75.36

Iowa ........................................................ − − wwww

Kansas ..................................................... wwwwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... 80.38 75.49 75.54 76.11 82.15 88.03

Eastern .................................................. 80.07 77.71 76.70 76.15 79.72 91.94

Western ................................................ 81.40 68.89 71.89 76.00 89.95 79.20

Louisiana ................................................. wwwwww

Maryland ................................................. 82.42 82.65 83.07 85.01 84.50 84.48

Missouri .................................................. 67.85 49.88 69.35 w w w

Montana .................................................. 67.45 76.44 81.47 70.64 80.03 80.28

New Mexico ........................................... 73.61 81.85 85.47 84.74 83.18 57.46

North Dakota .......................................... 92.78 87.37 89.88 87.89 85.83 64.19

Ohio ........................................................ 75.88 76.55 67.87 67.94 73.19 76.72

Oklahoma ................................................ 85.16 73.14 83.98 71.95 69.73 74.77

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 82.53 78.81 75.89 71.79 82.20 80.04

Anthracite ............................................. 82.56 67.12 74.02 68.80 75.22 79.83

Bituminous ........................................... 82.53 79.89 76.03 72.02 82.57 80.05

Tennessee ................................................ 90.32 85.51 87.27 79.73 86.50 86.94

Texas ....................................................... 92.55 96.21 93.72 95.54 94.07 97.86

Utah ......................................................... 90.97 81.48 88.27 84.22 83.57 71.85

Virginia ................................................... 85.34 79.07 79.61 77.07 78.70 88.93

Washington ............................................. wwwwww

West Virginia Total................................ 78.32 79.50 80.07 67.91 81.70 85.84

Northern ............................................... 83.95 81.70 83.04 56.15 79.44 86.72

Southern ............................................... 76.43 78.67 78.83 73.28 82.75 85.31

Wyoming ................................................ 79.35 78.24 73.85 75.62 75.07 59.34

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 79.75 78.53 77.07 72.85 80.63 85.95

Interior Total2 ...................................... 83.20 82.01 80.29 73.95 83.22 82.05

Western Total2...................................... 79.55 79.29 78.33 77.41 78.04 64.18

East of Miss. River ............................... 79.68 78.11 76.73 71.37 80.47 83.82

West of Miss. River.............................. 80.82 80.88 79.85 79.29 79.80 68.18

U.S. Total............................................... 80.21 79.40 78.11 74.77 80.20 77.29

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 27 
Table 18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Production Utilization Production Utilization Production Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 18,217 23,207 78.50 6,406 8,952 71.55 24,623 32,159 76.57

Alaska ............................................ −−− 1,481 w w 1,481 w w

Arizona .......................................... −−− 10,442 w w 10,442 w w

Colorado ........................................ 15,581 18,530 84.08 9,305 10,800 86.16 24,886 29,330 84.85

Illinois ............................................ 38,948 51,816 75.17 7,704 9,912 77.73 46,652 61,727 75.58

Indiana ........................................... 2,963 w w 26,704 w w 29,667 35,564 83.42

Kansas ............................................ −−− 232 w w 232 w w

Kentucky Total.............................. 94,153 114,922 81.93 57,939 74,302 77.98 152,092 189,225 80.38

Eastern ........................................ 69,018 86,042 80.21 47,635 59,649 79.86 116,654 145,691 80.07

Western ....................................... 25,135 28,880 87.03 10,304 14,653 70.32 35,438 43,534 81.40

Louisiana ....................................... −−− 3,221 w w 3,221 w w

Maryland ........................................ 3,296 w w 772 w w 4,068 4,935 82.42

Missouri ......................................... −−− 710 1,046 67.85 710 1,046 67.85

Montana ......................................... 147 w w 37,744 w w 37,891 56,175 67.45

New Mexico.................................. −−− 24,067 32,695 73.61 24,067 32,695 73.61

North Dakota................................. −−− 29,861 32,184 92.78 29,861 32,184 92.78

Ohio ............................................... 15,912 17,313 91.91 12,608 20,272 62.19 28,520 37,584 75.88

Oklahoma ...................................... 137 w w 1,550 w w 1,687 1,981 85.16

Pennsylvania Total........................ 47,140 54,579 86.37 20,272 27,105 74.79 67,411 81,684 82.53

Anthracite ................................... 284 459 61.96 4,259 5,045 84.44 4,544 5,504 82.56

Bituminous ................................. 46,855 54,120 86.58 16,012 22,060 72.58 62,868 76,180 82.53

Tennessee ...................................... 1,790 w w 1,830 w w 3,621 4,009 90.32

Texas .............................................. −−− 55,164 59,604 92.55 55,164 59,604 92.55

Utah ............................................... 27,499 30,230 90.97 −−− 27,499 30,230 90.97

Virginia .......................................... 25,500 30,146 84.59 9,995 11,448 87.31 35,495 41,593 85.34

Washington .................................... −−− 4,565 w w 4,565 w w

West Virginia Total ...................... 115,497 143,797 80.32 54,776 73,612 74.41 170,273 217,409 78.32

Northern ...................................... 40,251 46,028 87.45 5,587 8,575 65.16 45,838 54,602 83.95

Southern ...................................... 75,246 97,769 76.96 49,189 65,038 75.63 124,435 162,807 76.43

Wyoming ....................................... 2,641 w w 275,799 w w 278,440 350,908 79.35

Appalachian Total1..................... 296,370 361,103 82.07 154,294 203,961 75.65 450,664 565,064 79.75

Interior Total1 ............................. 67,183 84,166 79.82 105,588 123,492 85.50 172,771 207,658 83.20

Western Total1 ............................ 45,868 52,160 87.94 393,265 499,830 78.68 439,133 551,990 79.55

East of Miss. River...................... 363,416 444,969 81.67 199,006 260,920 76.27 562,422 705,890 79.68

West of Miss. River..................... 46,005 52,460 87.70 454,141 566,363 80.19 500,146 618,823 80.82

Unknown2 .................................... 428 NA NA 860 NA NA 1,288 NA NA

U.S. Total...................................... 409,849 497,429 82.31 654,007 827,283 78.95 1,063,856 1,324,712 80.21

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Coal production excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

28 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines

by State and Mining Method, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall1 Other1 2

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... w w w w 16,277 80.11 − −

Colorado ........................................ w w w w 9,677 96.60 w w

Illinois............................................ 34,219 72.07 w w w w − −

Indiana ........................................... w w − − − −− −

Kentucky Total.............................. 87,876 82.75 w w 12,450 87.52 w w

Eastern ........................................ 65,449 81.61 w w w w w w

Western....................................... 22,427 86.09 w w w w − −

Maryland ........................................ w w − − w w − −

Montana ......................................... w w − − − −− −

Ohio ............................................... 4,633 80.34 − − 12,680 96.13 − −

Oklahoma ...................................... w w − − − −− −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 20,869 83.43 w w 31,250 90.08 w w

Anthracite ................................... w w w w − − w w

Bituminous ................................. w w w w 31,250 90.08 − −

Tennessee ...................................... w w w w − −− −

Utah ............................................... w w w w 21,763 91.55 − −

Virginia.......................................... 14,781 89.14 w w w w − −

West Virginia Total ...................... 82,132 76.69 16,700 76.71 44,965 86.42 − −

Northern...................................... 13,357 81.42 2,486 71.92 30,185 91.29 − −

Southern ...................................... 68,776 75.78 14,213 77.55 14,780 76.49 − −

Wyoming ....................................... w w − − w w − −

Appalachian Total3..................... 198,144 79.93 w w w w w w

Interior Total3 ............................. 60,116 78.29 w w w w − −

Western Total3 ............................ 15,257 80.81 w w 34,050 92.95 w w

East of Miss. River...................... 257,960 79.59 w w 145,311 86.83 w w

West of Miss. River..................... 15,557 80.13 w w 34,050 92.95 w w

U.S. Total...................................... 273,517 79.62 43,910 72.16 179,361 87.99 640 63.11

1 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine capacity.

2 Includes shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading and unknown.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 29 
Table 20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and

Coal Rank, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama......................................... 32,159 76.57 − − − − − −

Alaska............................................ − − w w − − − −

Arizona .......................................... w w − − − − − −

Colorado ........................................ 18,930 84.22 10,400 86.00 − − − −

Illinois............................................ 61,727 75.58 − − − − − −

Indiana ........................................... 35,564 83.42 − − − − − −

Kansas............................................ w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 189,225 80.38 − − − − − −

Eastern ........................................ 145,691 80.07 − − − − − −

Western....................................... 43,534 81.40 − − − − − −

Louisiana ....................................... − − − − w w − −

Maryland........................................ 4,935 82.42 − − − − − −

Missouri......................................... 1,046 67.85 − − − − − −

Montana......................................... − − w w w w − −

New Mexico.................................. w w w w − − − −

North Dakota................................. − − − − 32,184 92.78 − −

Ohio ............................................... 37,584 75.88 − − − − − −

Oklahoma ...................................... 1,981 85.16 − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 76,180 82.53 −−−− 5,504 82.56

Anthracite ................................... − − − − − − 5,504 82.56

Bituminous ................................. 76,180 82.53 − − − − − −

Tennessee ...................................... 4,009 90.32 − − − − − −

Texas .............................................. w w − − w w − −

Utah ............................................... 30,230 90.97 − − − − − −

Virginia.......................................... 41,593 85.34 − − − − − −

Washington.................................... w w w w − − − −

West Virginia Total ...................... 217,409 78.32 −−−−−−

Northern...................................... 54,602 83.95 − − − − − −

Southern...................................... 162,807 76.43 − − − − − −

Wyoming ....................................... w w w w − − − −

Appalachian Total1..................... 559,560 79.73 −−−− 5,504 82.56

Interior Total1 ............................. w w − − w w − −

Western Total1 ............................ w w 433,106 78.57 w w − −

East of Miss. River...................... 700,386 79.65 −−−− 5,504 82.56

West of Miss. River..................... 90,138 79.66 433,106 78.57 95,579 92.13 − −

U.S. Total...................................... 790,523 79.65 433,106 78.57 95,579 92.13 5,504 82.56

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal rank definitions. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal

that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive

capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania

anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

30 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Mine Production Range, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons, Percent)

Capacity

 Productive Capacity Utilization

(percent)

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range

State and Region (thousand short tons)

 1,000 500 200 100 10 1,000 500 200 100 10

and to to to to and to to to to

over 1,000 500 200 100 over 1,000 500 200 100

Alabama............................................... 20,947 5,887 w w w 83.49 65.66 w w w

Alaska .................................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Arizona ................................................ w − − − − w − − − −

Colorado .............................................. 23,700 w 1,420 w w 92.49 w 93.19 w w

Illinois .................................................. 48,996 w w w 3,954 87.64 w w w 4.04

Indiana ................................................. 19,988 10,305 4,187 w w 92.19 71.18 79.43 w w

Kansas .................................................. − − w −−−− w − −

Kentucky Total .................................... 59,849 50,784 42,994 16,250 19,348 91.22 85.92 77.01 73.93 45.18

Eastern .............................................. 37,253 37,518 38,421 15,371 17,128 91.46 88.89 77.86 72.75 47.50

Western ............................................. 22,596 13,266 4,573 878 2,220 90.81 77.53 69.89 94.66 27.29

Louisiana .............................................. w w −−− w w −−−

Maryland .............................................. w − w w 850 w − w w 51.42

Missouri ............................................... − − w w w − − w w w

Montana ............................................... 51,234 w w w − 71.99 w w w −

New Mexico ........................................ 32,695 − − − − 73.61 − − − −

North Dakota ....................................... 32,184 − − − − 92.78 − − − −

Ohio ..................................................... 19,851 4,421 3,974 3,824 5,515 89.80 71.69 81.73 64.94 32.50

Oklahoma ............................................. − − w 1,150 w − − w 64.17 w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 45,356 6,175 13,089 8,498 8,566 87.25 92.28 79.45 65.87 71.72

Anthracite .......................................... − w 2,013 583 2,305 − w 92.66 100.00 67.61

Bituminous ........................................ 45,356 w 11,076 7,915 6,260 87.25 w 77.05 63.35 73.23

Tennessee ............................................. − w 2,303 717 w − w 98.03 79.73 w

Texas .................................................... 55,004 w w − − 97.94 w w − −

Utah ...................................................... 28,649 w −−− 90.55 w −−−

Virginia ................................................ w w 12,713 5,858 6,096 w w 88.90 86.46 68.08

Washington .......................................... w − − w − w − − w −

West Virginia Total............................. 119,864 35,418 29,692 7,655 24,780 84.75 91.17 80.83 77.20 26.16

Northern ............................................ 39,698 5,396 4,317 1,434 3,757 89.76 74.55 76.69 90.60 41.87

Southern ............................................ 80,166 30,022 25,375 6,221 21,023 82.27 94.16 81.54 74.12 23.35

Wyoming ............................................. 340,508 w w w w 81.16 w w w w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 255,770 97,396 102,284 44,458 65,156 86.57 88.28 80.83 71.86 43.95

Interior Total1 ................................... 149,584 32,703 15,048 w w 92.38 65.07 65.12 w w

Western Total1 .................................. 529,234 10,056 3,861 w w 81.50 48.76 48.12 w w

East of Miss. River............................ 347,351 125,649 115,009 45,848 72,033 87.32 84.29 78.53 72.61 41.09

West of Miss. River........................... 587,238 14,506 6,184 10,197 698 83.04 43.14 64.94 20.22 24.08

U.S. Total............................................ 934,589 140,154 121,193 56,045 72,731 84.63 80.03 77.84 63.08 40.93

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 31 
Table 22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and

Capacity Utilization Range, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons, Short Tons per Miner per Hour)

 Productive Capacity Productivity

Capacity Utilization Range

 Coal-Producing (percent)

State and Region

 90 80 70 60 Less 90 80 70 60 Less

 and to to to than Total and to to to than Total

over 90 80 70 60 over 90 80 70 60

Alabama .................................................. 9,825 8,405 w w 6,595 32,159 2.73 2.28 2.06 2.59 1.28 2.20

Alaska ..................................................... −−− w − w −−− 6.81 − 6.81

Arizona .................................................... − w w − − w − 6.92 6.33 − − 6.30

Colorado .................................................. 19,700 w w w w 29,330 9.02 2.80 7.92 6.22 2.62 7.32

Illinois ..................................................... 29,045 w 7,083 w 13,850 61,727 4.92 3.98 3.38 4.28 2.36 4.18

Indiana .................................................... 19,239 w w w 6,075 35,564 4.86 5.23 5.96 5.54 4.56 4.98

Kansas ..................................................... w −−−− w 2.17 −−−− 2.17

Kentucky Total ....................................... 88,434 34,232 16,258 14,524 35,777 189,225 4.39 4.39 4.28 3.82 1.71 3.80

Eastern .................................................. 70,120 24,050 w w 28,667 145,691 4.33 4.39 4.10 3.77 1.55 3.68

Western ................................................ 18,314 10,182 w w 7,110 43,534 4.63 4.38 4.64 4.16 2.68 4.29

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w − 10.86 −−− 10.86

Maryland ................................................. 3,191 w − w 1,039 4,935 5.22 2.98 − 2.26 2.26 4.13

Missouri .................................................. w −−− w 1,046 4.66 −−− 1.49 3.49

Montana .................................................. w w w − 21,075 56,175 22.32 18.60 30.75 − 15.96 21.88

New Mexico ........................................... w w w w − 32,695 7.93 5.47 7.63 10.70 − 8.45

North Dakota .......................................... w − − w − 32,184 17.76 − − 13.42 − 17.20

Ohio ........................................................ 18,220 3,838 2,772 1,900 10,854 37,584 4.11 4.51 4.56 4.19 2.95 3.95

Oklahoma ................................................ 841 w − w w 1,981 2.99 4.49 − 2.88 1.98 2.61

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 43,668 10,397 4,749 13,497 9,372 81,684 4.54 2.89 2.83 3.09 .97 3.36

Anthracite ............................................. 2,522 1,732 w w 1,046 5,504 2.91 3.75 .94 2.20 .37 1.92

Bituminous ........................................... 41,146 8,666 w w 8,326 76,180 4.70 2.76 2.85 3.11 1.24 3.56

Tennessee ................................................ 3,224 − w w 568 4,009 2.78 − 2.36 1.01 .71 2.20

Texas ....................................................... 52,564 − w − w 59,604 10.36 − 7.16 − 8.40 10.13

Utah ......................................................... 20,230 w w − w 30,230 7.54 7.82 4.20 − − 7.23

Virginia ................................................... 23,847 7,584 1,690 3,114 5,358 41,593 3.19 3.46 2.73 2.98 .87 2.72

Washington ............................................. w w −−− w 4.21 1.63 −−− 3.97

West Virginia Total................................ 113,215 22,381 16,479 20,424 44,910 217,409 4.90 3.98 4.73 3.63 1.50 3.91

Northern ............................................... 32,009 5,610 2,354 9,069 5,560 54,602 4.50 4.39 4.21 3.84 1.59 4.05

Southern ............................................... 81,205 16,771 14,125 11,355 39,350 162,807 5.08 3.86 4.84 3.48 1.48 3.86

Wyoming ................................................ 120,958 105,750 w w 40,200 350,908 32.43 31.55 42.93 47.35 14.36 32.06

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 285,310 76,944 41,672 53,775 107,364 565,064 4.31 3.57 3.57 3.41 1.44 3.48

Interior Total1 ...................................... 120,853 28,812 19,142 6,588 32,264 207,658 6.23 4.79 4.44 4.33 2.91 5.39

Western Total1...................................... 207,123 127,864 81,860 70,568 64,575 551,990 17.08 20.73 15.40 20.53 11.27 17.41

East of Miss. River ............................... 351,908 101,626 57,774 60,183 134,399 705,890 4.40 3.75 3.71 3.50 1.58 3.63

West of Miss. River.............................. 261,377 131,994 84,900 70,748 69,804 618,823 14.69 20.11 14.77 20.20 9.81 15.66

U.S. Total............................................... 613,285 233,620 142,674 130,931 204,202 1,324,712 6.25 6.92 6.71 6.34 2.23 5.69

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations

management and all technical and engineering personnel. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported

by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on

Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

32 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Recoverable Reserves Range

(million short tons)

Coal-Producing 50 and over 10 to 50 0 to 10 Total

State and Region

 Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 12,093 84.41 6,996 77.60 13,070 68.75 32,159 76.57

Alaska ............................................ w w −− −− w w

Arizona .......................................... w w −− −− w w

Colorado ........................................ 19,500 90.59 8,795 69.98 1,035 103.06 29,330 84.85

Illinois ............................................ 16,361 88.87 30,808 64.03 14,559 85.08 61,727 75.58

Indiana ........................................... w w w w 16,959 78.89 35,564 83.42

Kansas ............................................ −− −− ww ww

Kentucky Total.............................. 10,913 85.00 38,572 78.39 139,740 80.56 189,225 80.38

Eastern ........................................ w w w w 116,942 81.09 145,691 80.07

Western ....................................... w w w w 22,798 77.87 43,534 81.40

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w − − w w

Maryland ........................................ − − w w w w 4,935 82.42

Missouri ......................................... −− −− 1,046 67.85 1,046 67.85

Montana ......................................... w w w w − − 56,175 67.45

New Mexico.................................. w w w w − − 32,695 73.61

North Dakota................................. 32,184 92.78 −− −− 32,184 92.78

Ohio ............................................... w w w w 18,384 61.45 37,584 75.88

Oklahoma ...................................... − − w w w w 1,981 85.16

Pennsylvania Total........................ 31,456 88.31 14,024 82.32 36,204 77.59 81,684 82.53

Anthracite ................................... − − w w w w 5,504 82.56

Bituminous ................................. 31,456 88.31 w w w w 76,180 82.53

Tennessee ...................................... − − w w w w 4,009 90.32

Texas .............................................. 48,852 97.90 w w w w 59,604 92.55

Utah ............................................... w w 15,549 91.32 w w 30,230 90.97

Virginia .......................................... − − 9,912 80.20 31,681 86.94 41,593 85.34

Washington .................................... − − ww ww ww

West Virginia Total ...................... 41,800 89.23 56,832 78.92 118,776 74.19 217,409 78.32

Northern ...................................... 24,400 89.89 13,903 79.87 16,300 78.54 54,602 83.95

Southern ...................................... 17,400 88.30 42,930 78.61 102,477 73.50 162,807 76.43

Wyoming ....................................... 340,608 80.20 − − 10,300 51.04 350,908 79.35

Appalachian Total1..................... 99,399 89.19 125,237 78.81 340,428 77.35 565,064 79.75

Interior Total1 ............................. 81,243 93.87 64,520 76.26 61,895 76.43 207,658 83.20

Western Total1 ............................ 489,425 79.56 41,945 83.76 20,620 70.89 551,990 79.55

East of Miss. River...................... 128,791 89.02 182,355 77.29 394,744 77.73 705,890 79.68

West of Miss. River..................... 541,277 81.22 49,347 85.31 28,198 65.26 618,823 80.82

U.S. Total...................................... 670,067 82.72 231,702 79.00 422,942 76.90 1,324,712 80.21

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the

ratio of total production to productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge

operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 33 
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ........................................ 22,685 75.20 − − 9,474 79.82 32,159 76.57

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 23,207 78.50

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 8,952 71.55

Alaska ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Surface ..................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ......................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ..................................... w w −−−− w w

Colorado ....................................... w w w w 21,630 93.79 29,330 84.85

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 18,530 84.08

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 10,800 86.16

Illinois........................................... 46,792 68.61 w w w w 61,727 75.58

Underground............................ 38,332 66.88 w w w w 51,816 75.17

Surface..................................... 8,460 76.47 w w w w 9,912 77.73

Indiana .......................................... 18,368 81.30 − − 17,197 85.68 35,564 83.42

Underground............................ w w − − w w w w

Surface..................................... w w − − w w w w

Kansas ........................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ..................................... w w −−−− w w

Kentucky Total............................ w w w w 163,284 80.16 189,225 80.38

Underground ............................ w w w w 97,216 80.24 114,922 81.93

Surface ..................................... w w w w 66,068 80.04 74,302 77.98

Eastern ....................................... w w w w 130,927 80.52 145,691 80.07

Underground............................ w w w w w w 86,042 80.21

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 59,649 79.86

Western ...................................... w w − − 32,356 78.70 43,534 81.40

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 28,880 87.03

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 14,653 70.32

Louisiana ...................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Maryland...................................... − − − − 4,935 82.42 4,935 82.42

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Missouri........................................ − − − − 1,046 67.85 1,046 67.85

Surface..................................... − − − − 1,046 67.85 1,046 67.85

Montana........................................ 21,041 77.19 w w w w 56,175 67.45

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... 21,041 77.19 w w w w w w

New Mexico.................................. w w w w w w 32,695 73.61

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 32,695 73.61

North Dakota ............................... w w w w w w 32,184 92.78

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 32,184 92.78

Ohio ............................................... w w w w 20,959 61.29 37,584 75.88

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 17,313 91.91

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 20,272 62.19

Oklahoma ..................................... − − − − 1,981 85.16 1,981 85.16

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total...................... w w w w 50,350 82.32 81,684 82.53

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 54,579 86.37

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 27,105 74.79

Anthracite.................................. w w w w 4,124 84.68 5,504 82.56

Underground............................ − − − − w w 459 61.96

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 5,045 84.44

Bituminous ................................ 29,954 83.17 − − 46,226 82.11 76,180 82.53

Underground ............................ 28,856 83.14 − − 25,264 90.50 54,120 86.58

Surface ..................................... 1,097 83.85 − − 20,963 72.00 22,060 72.58

Tennessee...................................... − − − − 4,009 90.32 4,009 90.32

Underground............................ − − − − 2,146 83.44 2,146 83.44

Surface..................................... − − − − 1,863 98.24 1,863 98.24

Texas ............................................. − − 36,664 98.56 22,940 82.94 59,604 92.55

Surface ..................................... − − 36,664 98.56 22,940 82.94 59,604 92.55

Utah ............................................... w w − − w w 30,230 90.97

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 30,230 90.97

Virginia ......................................... w w w w 31,305 87.78 41,593 85.34

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 30,146 84.59

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 11,448 87.31

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Washington .................................. − − w w w w w w

Surface..................................... − − w w w w w w

West Virginia Total .................... 116,539 76.55 − − 100,870 80.37 217,409 78.32

Underground ............................ 80,918 80.43 − − 62,879 80.17 143,797 80.32

Surface ..................................... 35,621 67.72 − − 37,991 80.69 73,612 74.41

Northern .................................... 34,930 90.57 − − 19,672 72.19 54,602 83.95

Underground ............................ 34,930 90.57 − − 11,098 77.62 46,028 87.45

Surface..................................... − − − − 8,575 65.16 8,575 65.16

Southern .................................... 81,609 70.55 − − 81,198 82.35 162,807 76.43

Underground ............................ 45,988 72.74 − − 51,781 80.72 97,769 76.96

Surface ..................................... 35,621 67.72 − − 29,417 85.21 65,038 75.63

Wyoming ...................................... w w w w 333,758 79.07 350,908 79.35

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1..................... 209,969 78.87 2,265 68.47 352,830 80.35 565,064 79.75

Underground ............................ w w w w 200,634 81.89 361,103 82.07

Surface ..................................... w w w w 152,195 78.32 203,961 75.65

Interior Total1 ............................. 76,589 74.74 40,372 98.05 90,698 83.73 207,658 83.20

Underground ............................ w w w w 32,447 89.74 84,166 79.82

Surface ..................................... w w w w 58,251 80.38 123,492 85.50

Western Total1 ............................ 69,125 75.55 65,143 74.13 417,722 81.06 551,990 79.55

Underground ............................ 13,000 78.95 − − 39,160 90.92 52,160 87.94

Surface ..................................... 56,125 74.77 65,143 74.13 378,562 80.04 499,830 78.68

East of Miss. River...................... 286,306 77.76 5,973 83.71 413,610 80.95 705,890 79.68

Underground............................ 209,082 79.93 3,106 97.26 232,781 83.03 444,969 81.67

Surface..................................... 77,224 71.88 2,867 69.04 180,829 78.26 260,920 76.27

West of Miss. River..................... 69,377 75.61 101,807 82.93 447,639 81.15 618,823 80.82

Underground ............................ 13,000 78.95 − − 39,460 90.58 52,460 87.70

Surface ..................................... 56,377 74.85 101,807 82.93 408,179 80.24 566,363 80.19

U.S. Total...................................... 355,683 77.34 107,780 82.97 861,249 81.05 1,324,712 80.21

Underground............................... 222,082 79.87 3,106 97.26 272,241 84.13 497,429 82.31

Surface ........................................ 133,601 73.13 104,674 82.55 589,008 79.63 827,283 78.95

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 35 
Recoverable Coal

Reserves at Producing

Mines

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 37 
Figure 1. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1987 -

1996

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Surface

Total

Underground

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

Figure 2. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region,

1987 - 1996

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

// 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Surface

Total

Underground

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

// 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

38 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 452 510 457 427 468 538 −11.5 −0.9 −1.9

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. 642 692 676 609 608 668 −7.3 1.3 −.4

Illinois .................................................. 891 882 963 1,064 1,199 1,431 1.0 −7.1 −5.1

Indiana ................................................. 386 324 304 379 405 514 19.3 −1.2 −3.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w 36 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,255 1,279 1,365 1,828 1,453 1,739 −1.8 −3.6 −3.5

Eastern .............................................. 818 763 809 1,347 955 1,115 7.3 −3.8 −3.4

Western ............................................. 437 516 556 481 498 624 −15.3 −3.2 −3.9

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 71 58 89 66 59 75 23.1 4.7 −.7

Missouri ............................................... 3 2 12 w w 155 13.1 w −36.4

Montana ............................................... 1,309 1,251 1,283 1,285 1,352 1,611 4.6 −.8 −2.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,436 1,480 1,458 1,473 1,495 1,557 −2.9 −1.0 −.9

North Dakota ....................................... 1,301 1,668 1,695 1,411 1,335 1,384 −21.9 −.6 −.7

Ohio ..................................................... 415 468 479 520 576 755 −11.4 −7.9 −6.4

Oklahoma............................................. 19 19 43 46 48 49 −1.3 −21.1 −10.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 796 737 913 940 937 1,369 8.1 −4.0 −5.8

Anthracite.......................................... 90 49 38 65 70 60 81.4 6.3 4.5

Bituminous........................................ 706 687 875 874 867 1,308 2.8 −5.0 −6.6

Tennessee............................................. 59 68 42 29 43 103 −12.9 8.3 −6.0

Texas.................................................... 878 940 1,026 1,105 1,188 1,215 −6.5 −7.3 −3.5

Utah...................................................... 284 375 423 447 488 490 −24.1 −12.6 −5.8

Virginia ................................................ 188 203 237 336 366 508 −7.3 −15.3 −10.4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,731 1,731 1,830 1,931 2,043 2,548 * −4.0 −4.2

Northern ............................................ 741 782 861 824 960 1,271 −5.2 −6.3 −5.8

Southern ............................................ 990 949 969 1,107 1,083 1,277 4.3 −2.2 −2.8

Wyoming ............................................. 6,591 6,724 6,999 6,831 6,751 6,596 −2.0 −.6 *

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,530 4,538 4,855 5,596 5,446 7,009 −.2 −4.5 −4.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,757 2,835 3,069 3,300 3,559 4,206 −2.8 −6.2 −4.6

Western Total1 .................................. 12,141 12,732 13,093 12,639 12,622 13,027 −4.6 −1.0 −.8

East of Miss. River............................ 6,244 6,260 6,679 7,520 7,549 9,579 −.2 −4.6 −4.6

West of Miss. River........................... 13,184 13,845 14,337 14,016 14,078 14,663 −4.8 −1.6 −1.2

U.S. Total............................................ 19,428 20,105 21,017 21,535 21,627 24,241 −3.4 −2.6 −2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 39 
Table 26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

 Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 55.56 58.74 60.20 63.16 61.97 63.87

Alaska ..................................................... wwwwww

Arizona .................................................... wwwwww

Arkansas .................................................. − wwwww

California ................................................ −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. 79.12 66.06 77.12 71.99 71.56 61.61

Illinois ..................................................... 54.20 52.05 52.92 51.19 51.53 47.35

Indiana .................................................... 78.85 76.23 72.75 73.12 74.48 73.31

Iowa ........................................................ − − w w w 84.96

Kansas ..................................................... wwwwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... 58.99 57.71 59.45 62.26 63.24 63.92

Eastern .................................................. 62.59 60.87 62.60 64.00 66.84 68.72

Western ................................................ 52.27 53.03 54.86 57.38 56.36 55.35

Louisiana ................................................. wwwwww

Maryland ................................................. 61.45 58.34 55.50 67.82 66.16 66.33

Missouri .................................................. 59.87 61.04 81.48 w w 90.17

Montana .................................................. 89.05 90.38 90.51 90.43 89.70 90.12

New Mexico ........................................... 93.35 92.62 92.42 92.28 91.92 92.18

North Dakota .......................................... 89.72 89.58 89.84 90.96 90.62 90.25

Ohio ........................................................ 71.61 68.73 67.81 68.86 69.15 67.30

Oklahoma ................................................ 65.94 62.39 63.89 66.11 66.73 85.87

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 65.59 65.26 68.23 67.95 66.12 66.12

Anthracite ............................................. 59.90 64.39 65.06 61.04 62.62 54.93

Bituminous ........................................... 66.32 65.32 68.37 68.47 66.41 66.63

Tennessee ................................................ 63.33 64.14 65.18 68.92 69.80 69.65

Texas ....................................................... 88.32 87.09 86.10 84.23 85.39 81.53

Utah ......................................................... 45.61 46.10 46.10 47.51 49.04 58.44

Virginia ................................................... 54.81 58.14 58.37 62.72 64.78 64.06

Washington ............................................. wwwwww

West Virginia Total................................ 63.49 62.44 61.10 61.30 62.05 59.97

Northern ............................................... 58.91 55.10 53.06 52.17 54.04 52.42

Southern ............................................... 66.92 68.49 68.24 68.09 69.15 67.48

Wyoming ................................................ 92.16 92.27 92.98 91.94 91.19 93.71

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 63.25 62.65 63.07 64.11 64.62 64.16

Interior Total1 ...................................... 70.15 68.71 68.29 68.27 68.46 65.83

Western Total1...................................... 89.74 88.81 89.72 88.98 88.31 89.29

East of Miss. River ............................... 62.16 61.06 61.36 62.31 62.52 61.56

West of Miss. River.............................. 89.60 88.66 89.32 88.48 87.96 88.66

U.S. Total............................................... 80.78 80.07 80.43 79.34 79.08 77.96

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

40 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines

by State and Mine Type, 1996

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama ............................................. 417 52.98 35 86.25 452 55.56

Alaska ................................................. − − w ww w

Arizona ............................................... − − w ww w

Colorado ............................................. 411 73.72 230 88.76 642 79.12

Illinois ................................................ 861 53.40 30 77.32 891 54.20

Indiana ................................................ w w w w 386 78.85

Kansas ................................................ − − w ww w

Kentucky Total .................................. 985 53.26 270 79.90 1,255 58.99

Eastern ............................................. 605 55.68 213 82.17 818 62.59

Western ............................................ 380 49.41 57 71.37 437 52.27

Louisiana ............................................ − − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ w w w w 71 61.45

Missouri .............................................. − − 3 59.87 3 59.87

Montana .............................................. w w w w 1,309 89.05

New Mexico....................................... − − 1,436 93.35 1,436 93.35

North Dakota...................................... − − 1,301 89.72 1,301 89.72

Ohio .................................................... 228 56.85 186 89.68 415 71.61

Oklahoma ........................................... w w w w 19 65.94

Pennsylvania Total............................. 614 63.27 182 73.42 796 65.59

Anthracite ........................................ 23 73.55 66 55.13 90 59.90

Bituminous ...................................... 591 62.87 116 83.92 706 66.32

Tennessee ........................................... w w w w 59 63.33

Texas .................................................. − − 878 88.32 878 88.32

Utah .................................................... 284 45.61 − − 284 45.61

Virginia .............................................. 171 51.47 18 86.77 188 54.81

Washington ........................................ − − w ww w

West Virginia Total ........................... 1,256 58.41 475 76.93 1,731 63.49

Northern .......................................... 641 57.81 100 65.96 741 58.91

Southern .......................................... 615 59.03 375 79.85 990 66.92

Wyoming ............................................ w w w w 6,591 92.16

Appalachian Total1.......................... 3,410 57.79 1,120 79.89 4,530 63.25

Interior Total1.................................. 1,295 52.12 1,462 86.12 2,757 70.15

Western Total1................................. 801 63.18 11,339 91.61 12,141 89.74

East of Miss. River .......................... 4,691 56.22 1,554 80.10 6,244 62.16

West of Miss. River ......................... 815 63.12 12,368 91.35 13,184 89.60

U.S. Total .......................................... 5,506 57.24 13,922 90.09 19,428 80.78

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 41 
Table 28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1996

(Million Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w w 372 − 417

Colorado .............................................. w w 296 − 411

Illinois .................................................. 443 − 418 − 861

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 827 w 121 w 985

Eastern .............................................. 558 w 12 w 605

Western ............................................. 269 1 109 − 380

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Montana ............................................... w −−− w

Ohio ..................................................... 5 − 223 − 228

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 138 w 425 w 614

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 23

Bituminous ........................................ w w 425 − 591

Tennessee ............................................. w * − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w 190 − 284

Virginia ................................................ 84 w w − 171

West Virginia Total............................. 433 53 771 − 1,256

Northern ............................................ 54 18 570 − 641

Southern ............................................ 378 35 201 − 615

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 1,345 w w 22 3,410

Interior Total5 ................................... w 1 w − 1,295

Western Total5 .................................. w w w − 801

East of Miss. River............................ 2,096 w w 22 4,691

West of Miss. River........................... 270 w w − 815

U.S. Total............................................ 2,366 199 2,919 22 5,506

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

42 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1996

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w w 54.16 − 52.98

Colorado .............................................. w w 83.66 − 73.72

Illinois .................................................. 50.30 − 56.69 − 53.40

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 53.22 w 52.18 w 53.26

Eastern .............................................. 55.52 w 55.92 w 55.68

Western ............................................. 48.45 49.00 51.78 − 49.41

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Montana ............................................... w −−− w

Ohio ..................................................... 54.90 − 56.90 − 56.85

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 65.82 w 62.00 w 63.27

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 73.55

Bituminous ........................................ w w 62.00 − 62.87

Tennessee ............................................. w 70.00 − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w 47.55 − 45.61

Virginia ................................................ 60.46 w w − 51.47

West Virginia Total............................. 55.78 54.31 60.16 − 58.41

Northern ............................................ 64.89 64.67 56.93 − 57.81

Southern ............................................ 54.48 49.06 69.31 − 59.03

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 57.01 w w 74.58 57.79

Interior Total5 ................................... w 49.00 w − 52.12

Western Total5 .................................. 52.71 w w − 63.18

East of Miss. River............................ 54.31 w w 74.58 56.22

West of Miss. River........................... 53.09 w w − 63.12

U.S. Total............................................ 54.17 56.44 59.65 74.58 57.24

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 43 
Table 30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1996

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

Mine Production Range Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (thousand short tons) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Over 1,000..................................... 3,938 57.19 12,637 91.00 16,575 82.97

500 to 1,000 .................................. 653 53.04 651 82.54 1,304 67.77

200 to 500 ..................................... 378 59.41 313 80.11 691 68.78

100 to 200 ..................................... 262 62.64 211 83.34 473 71.88

50 to 100 ....................................... 77 64.09 42 67.98 119 65.46

10 to 50 ......................................... 199 58.18 68 74.46 267 62.32

U.S. Total...................................... 5,506 57.24 13,922 90.09 19,428 80.78

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1996

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coalbed Thickness Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (inches) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

 < 7...................................... − − * 65.33 * 65.33

7-12 ...................................... − − 23 87.13 23 87.13

13-18 .................................... − − 56 88.49 56 88.49

19-24 .................................... 1 55.68 213 84.18 214 84.00

25-30 .................................... 61 57.07 176 84.38 238 77.33

31-36 .................................... 165 62.14 319 83.39 484 76.16

37-42 .................................... 269 54.41 186 79.70 454 64.75

43-48 .................................... 460 62.61 552 85.86 1,012 75.30

49-54 .................................... 435 56.82 264 88.62 699 68.81

55-60 .................................... 508 56.65 126 84.19 634 62.12

61-66 .................................... 489 54.79 218 88.38 706 65.14

67-72 .................................... 678 54.21 120 79.68 798 58.04

73-78 .................................... 293 56.26 162 88.16 455 67.61

79-84 .................................... 926 56.01 458 92.11 1,384 67.96

85-90 .................................... 197 65.12 299 89.57 496 79.87

91-96 .................................... 359 53.02 69 85.66 428 58.30

97-102 .................................. 25 50.14 225 91.80 250 87.67

103-108 ................................ 112 46.86 115 80.98 227 64.16

109-114 ................................ 106 62.00 7 85.52 113 63.49

115-120 ................................ 64 47.08 43 79.45 107 59.97

> 120................................ 360 68.67 10,290 91.32 10,650 90.55

U.S. Total............................ 5,506 57.24 13,922 90.09 19,428 80.78

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents thet percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

44 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama .............................................. 346 54.95 − − 105 57.58 452 55.56

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 417 52.98

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 35 86.25

Alaska .................................................. − − w w − − w w

Surface ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ................................................ w w − −− − w w

Surface ........................................... w w − −− − w w

Colorado ............................................. w w w w 504 79.94 642 79.12

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 411 73.72

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 230 88.76

Illinois .................................................. 437 47.24 w w w w 891 54.20

Underground .................................. 423 46.29 w w w w 861 53.40

Surface ........................................... 14 75.15 w w w w 30 77.32

Indiana ................................................ 179 82.53 − − 207 75.66 386 78.85

Underground .................................. w w − − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w − − w ww w

Kansas ................................................. w w − −− − w w

Surface ........................................... w w − −− − w w

Kentucky Total .................................. w w w w 1,062 59.03 1,255 58.99

Underground .................................. w w w w 843 54.13 985 53.26

Surface ........................................... w w w w 219 77.86 270 79.90

Eastern ............................................. w w w w 744 61.16 818 62.59

Underground .................................. w w w w w w 605 55.68

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 213 82.17

Western ............................................ w w − − 318 54.05 437 52.27

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 380 49.41

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 57 71.37

Louisiana ............................................ − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ − −− − 71 61.45 71 61.45

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Missouri .............................................. − −− − 3 59.87 3 59.87

Surface ........................................... − −− − 3 59.87 3 59.87

Montana .............................................. 195 90.37 w w w w 1,309 89.05

Underground .................................. − − w ww ww w

Surface ........................................... 195 90.37 w w w w w w

New Mexico ........................................ w w w w w w 1,436 93.35

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,436 93.35

North Dakota ..................................... w w w w w w 1,301 89.72

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,301 89.72

Ohio ..................................................... w w − − 115 84.48 415 71.61

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 228 56.85

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 186 89.68

Oklahoma ........................................... − −− − 19 65.94 19 65.94

Underground .................................. − −− − 14 60.00 14 60.00

Surface ........................................... − −− − 5 83.85 5 83.85

Pennsylvania Total ............................ w w w w 367 72.99 796 65.59

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 614 63.27

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 182 73.42

Anthracite ........................................ w w w w 29 69.11 90 59.90

Underground .................................. − −− − w w 23 73.55

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 66 55.13

Bituminous ....................................... 368 59.89 − − 338 73.32 706 66.32

Underground .................................. 363 59.61 − − 227 68.08 591 62.87

Surface ........................................... 5 80.11 − − 110 84.10 116 83.92

Tennessee ............................................ − −− − 59 63.33 59 63.33

Underground .................................. − −− − 57 62.56 57 62.56

Surface ........................................... − −− − 2 85.10 2 85.10

Texas ................................................... − − 484 90.24 394 85.98 878 88.32

Surface ........................................... − − 484 90.24 394 85.98 878 88.32

Utah ..................................................... w w − − w w 284 45.61

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 284 45.61

Virginia ............................................... w w w w 126 59.18 188 54.81

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 171 51.47

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 18 86.77

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 45 
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 (Continued)

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Washington ......................................... − − w ww ww w

Surface ........................................... − − w ww ww w

West Virginia Total........................... 1,112 63.11 − − 619 64.17 1,731 63.49

Underground .................................. 918 59.24 − − 338 56.15 1,256 58.41

Surface ........................................... 194 81.46 − − 281 73.80 475 76.93

Northern .......................................... 570 56.92 − − 172 65.50 741 58.91

Underground .................................. 570 56.92 − − 72 64.85 641 57.81

Surface ........................................... − −− − 100 65.96 100 65.96

Southern ........................................... 543 69.61 − − 447 63.66 990 66.92

Underground .................................. 349 63.02 − − 266 53.80 615 59.03

Surface ........................................... 194 81.46 − − 181 78.12 375 79.85

Wyoming ............................................. w w w w 6,229 92.21 6,591 92.16

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 2,314 61.64 11 58.22 2,206 64.97 4,530 63.25

Underground .................................. w w w w 1,495 58.25 3,410 57.79

Surface ........................................... w w w w 711 79.09 1,120 79.89

Interior Total1 ................................... 738 55.93 533 88.17 1,486 70.75 2,757 70.15

Underground .................................. w w w w 717 55.88 1,295 52.12

Surface ........................................... w w w w 769 84.62 1,462 86.12

Western Total1 .................................. 1,195 84.89 2,566 91.47 8,379 89.90 12,141 89.74

Underground .................................. 167 55.08 − − 635 65.31 801 63.18

Surface ........................................... 1,028 89.73 2,566 91.47 7,745 91.91 11,339 91.61

East of Miss. River............................ 3,049 60.26 60 65.99 3,135 63.93 6,244 62.16

Underground .................................. 2,450 55.03 43 59.78 2,198 57.47 4,691 56.22

Surface ........................................... 600 81.61 17 82.15 937 79.09 1,554 80.10

West of Miss. River........................... 1,198 84.85 3,050 91.27 8,935 89.67 13,184 89.60

Underground .................................. 167 55.08 − − 649 65.19 815 63.12

Surface ........................................... 1,031 89.68 3,050 91.27 8,287 91.59 12,368 91.35

U.S. Total............................................ 4,247 67.19 3,111 90.78 12,070 82.98 19,428 80.78

Underground .................................. 2,617 55.03 43 59.78 2,846 59.23 5,506 57.24

Surface ........................................... 1,630 86.71 3,067 91.22 9,224 90.32 13,922 90.09

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See

Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

46 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 33. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from Producing Federal Coal

Leases by State, 1996

(Million Short Tons)

Coal-Producing State Number of Leases Recoverable Coal Reserves Production

Alabama .......................................... 1 30 *

Alaska ............................................. − 20 −

Colorado .......................................... 31 1,506 18.8

Kentucky ......................................... 3 10 .3

Montana .......................................... 13 886 25.0

New Mexico ................................... 6 262 5.9

North Dakota .................................. 3 144 1.8

Oklahoma ........................................ 6 48 .8

Utah ................................................. 31 2,987 26.4

Washington ..................................... 1 − .6

Wyoming ......................................... 39 6,148 248.9

U.S. Total....................................... 134 12,041 328.2

* Less than 0.05 million short tons.

Notes: Output from Federal Lands is reported as sales volume, the basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes

coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Mineral Revenues 1996 and Bureau of Land Management.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 47 
Producer/Distributor

Stocks

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 49 
Table 34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996

Alabama ..................................................... 1,031 1,358 1,204 1,698 2,185 −24.1 −17.1

Alaska......................................................... 6 26 58 19 71 −78.0 −46.8

Arizona....................................................... 2,232 2,760 2,634 1,590 1,555 −19.1 9.4

Arkansas..................................................... 1 4 2 5 6 −59.9 −28.9

California ................................................... − − − − 36 − −

Colorado..................................................... 494 1,063 1,575 1,155 955 −53.5 −15.2

Illinois ........................................................ 1,190 2,069 1,651 713 1,969 −42.5 −11.8

Indiana........................................................ 574 611 803 527 1,016 −6.1 −13.3

Kansas ........................................................ 19 27 31 25 28 −27.4 −9.2

Kentucky Total .......................................... 4,460 4,777 5,025 3,216 3,796 −6.6 4.1

Eastern..................................................... 3,720 4,088 4,235 2,558 2,809 −9.0 7.3

Western ................................................... 740 689 790 658 987 7.4 −7.0

Louisiana .................................................... 38 309 202 12 2 −87.8 100.2

Maryland .................................................... 143 269 179 123 59 −47.0 24.9

Missouri ..................................................... −−− 2 −− −

Montana ..................................................... 580 718 635 876 694 −19.3 −4.4

New Mexico............................................... 1,890 2,015 1,467 2,343 1,648 −6.2 3.5

North Dakota ............................................. 1,574 1,797 1,812 1,607 1,614 −12.4 −.6

Ohio............................................................ 532 1,374 833 550 1,087 −61.3 −16.4

Oklahoma ................................................... 7 2 4 5 19 188.8 −23.2

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 3,113 2,487 2,787 1,826 2,903 25.2 1.8

Anthracite................................................ 1,323 389 249 234 198 240.2 60.9

Bituminous .............................................. 1,790 2,098 2,538 1,592 2,706 −14.7 −9.8

Tennessee ................................................... 23 88 57 35 21 −73.7 2.4

Texas .......................................................... 1,254 864 1,430 1,237 543 45.1 23.3

Utah............................................................ 1,337 1,946 1,301 1,203 1,827 −31.3 −7.5

Virginia ...................................................... 1,644 1,649 1,180 1,389 1,714 −.3 −1.0

Washington ................................................ 55 59 65 72 47 −5.9 3.9

West Virginia Total ................................... 4,947 6,176 6,692 4,059 7,405 −19.9 −9.6

Northern .................................................. 584 1,959 1,940 685 3,222 −70.2 −34.8

Southern .................................................. 4,362 4,217 4,752 3,374 4,183 3.4 1.1

Wyoming .................................................... 1,504 1,997 1,592 998 2,794 −24.7 −14.3

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 15,153 17,489 17,166 12,239 13,891 −13.3 −3.1

Interior Total1.......................................... 3,823 4,575 4,913 3,182 4,570 −16.4 −4.4

Western Total1......................................... 9,672 12,381 11,140 9,863 11,241 −21.9 −3.7

East of Miss. River .................................. 17,657 20,858 20,410 14,137 17,680 −15.3 −5.4

West of Miss. River ................................. 10,991 13,587 12,809 11,147 11,838 −19.1 −1.8

U.S. Total .................................................. 28,648 34,444 33,219 25,284 33,993 −16.8 −4.2

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

50 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Imports

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 51 
Figure 3. U.S. Coal Imports, 1987-1996

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Thousand Short Tons

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Indonesia

Venezuela

Total

Colombia

Canada

52 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Origin 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... 1,433,813 1,344,614 1,253,417 1,053,576 1,020,852 549,292 6.6 8.9 11.2

Canada .............................................. 1,426,504 1,319,742 1,253,196 1,051,273 1,020,852 506,760 8.1 8.7 12.2

Guatemala ......................................... − − − 4 − − −− −

Mexico .............................................. 7,309 216 221 2,299 − 42,532 NM − −17.8

Netherlands Antilles ......................... − 24,656 − −− −−100.0 − −

South America Total......................... 3,989,640 4,583,283 4,920,202 5,415,318 2,301,933 986,967 −12.9 14.7 16.8

Colombia........................................... 2,526,804 2,736,933 3,389,654 4,117,036 1,763,150 956,899 −7.7 9.4 11.4

Venezuela.......................................... 1,462,836 1,846,350 1,530,548 1,298,282 538,783 30,068 −20.8 28.4 54.0

Europe Total ...................................... 2,613 522 40 62 89 240 400.6 132.8 30.4

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 2,473 − − −− − − − −

Denmark ............................................ − 236 − 60 − −−100.0 − −

Poland ............................................... − − 40 2 − − −− −

Spain ................................................. 99 − − −− 44 − − 9.4

Turkey ............................................... 41 − − −− − − − −

United Kingdom ............................... − 286 − − 89 196 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 1,534,989 1,018,512 1,153,561 708,080 373,145 − 50.7 42.4 −

China (Mainland).............................. − 53 111 − 284 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Hong Kong ....................................... 1 −−− 1 −− − −

India .................................................. − − − − 66,154 − − −100.0 −

Indonesia........................................... 1,534,986 1,018,433 1,130,468 708,080 253,287 − 50.7 56.9 −

Japan ................................................. 2 26 1 −− − −92.3 − −

Malaysia............................................ − − − − 53,419 − − −100.0 −

Vietnam............................................. − − 22,981 −− − −− −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 164,793 254,141 100,313 105,452 100,986 210,639 −35.1 13.0 −2.7

Australia............................................ 164,793 211,702 92,204 100,076 100,986 210,639 −22.1 13.0 −2.7

New Zealand..................................... − 42,439 8,109 5,376 − −−100.0 − −

Africa Total........................................ − − 156,452 26,419 5,762 − − −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − 149,748 20,319 5,762 −− −100.0 −

Swaziland.......................................... − − 6,704 6,100 − − −− −

Total .................................................... 7,125,848 7,201,072 7,583,985 7,308,907 3,802,767 1,747,138 −1.0 17.0 16.9

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 53 
Table 36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Eastern Total...................................... 2,144,142 1,935,401 1,554,466 1,275,919 340,317 127,308 10.8 58.4 36.8

Boston, MA ...................................... 1,803,234 1,484,886 977,473 674,086 128,667 28,736 21.4 93.5 58.4

Baltimore, MD.................................. 99 28,328 88,668 224,579 − −−99.6 − −

Portland, ME..................................... 246,852 364,232 385,097 236,473 108,863 25,279 −32.2 22.7 28.8

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 2,658 2,034 −−− 671 30.7 − 16.5

New York City, NY ......................... 65 522 − 2 − 222 −87.5 − −12.8

Ogdensburg, NY............................... 50 − − − − −− − −

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 91,184 55,399 78,387 140,779 102,787 72,400 64.6 −2.9 2.6

Norfolk, VA...................................... − − 24,841 − − −− − −

Southern Total ................................... 2,745,266 3,101,069 4,106,306 4,321,336 2,053,672 1,040,055 −11.5 7.5 11.4

Mobile, AL ....................................... 288,484 1,108,555 1,033,368 935,232 − 155,173 −74.0 − 7.1

Savannah, GA................................... 118,509 − 29,582 − − −− − −

Miami, FL......................................... − 26,035 7,496 − − − −100.0 − −

Tampa, FL ........................................ 1,419,408 1,284,109 2,080,757 2,263,893 1,419,581 96,743 10.5 * 34.8

New Orleans, LA ............................. 808,592 387,861 524,256 675,827 154,600 422,590 108.5 51.2 7.5

Wilmington, NC ............................... − − 26,648 − − −− − −

San Juan, PR..................................... 96,901 272,296 80,016 107,506 169,707 323,001 −64.4 −13.1 −12.5

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... 6,063 − 154,938 121,505 83,466 16 − −48.1 93.4

Laredo, TX ....................................... 7,309 167 221 2,299 − 42,532 NM − −17.8

Virgin Islands ................................... − 22,046 169,024 215,074 226,318 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Western Total .................................... 830,157 863,707 710,576 730,662 461,675 273,772 −3.9 15.8 13.1

Los Angeles, CA .............................. 2 − 12 − − −− − −

San Diego, CA ................................. − 49 − − − −−100.0 − −

San Francisco, CA............................ −−−− 284 22,048 − −100.0 −100.0

Honolulu, HI..................................... 810,176 844,785 670,005 660,379 407,692 89,832 −4.1 18.7 27.7

Great Falls, MT ................................ 25 645 34,426 41,580 36,237 104,798 −96.1 −83.8 −60.4

Seattle, WA....................................... 19,954 18,228 6,133 28,703 17,462 57,094 9.5 3.4 −11.0

Northern Total................................... 1,406,283 1,300,895 1,212,637 980,990 947,103 306,003 8.1 10.4 18.5

Chicago, IL ....................................... 238,592 64,394 283,106 134,485 230,677 244,481 270.5 .8 −.3

Detroit, MI........................................ 374,566 421,633 312,214 203,067 58,937 79 −11.2 58.8 156.1

Duluth, MN....................................... 291,346 244,278 77,355 12,811 − − 19.3 − −

Pembina, ND .................................... 501,778 570,590 539,962 630,627 657,400 61,443 −12.0 −6.5 26.3

Cleveland, OH .................................. − − − − 89 −− −100.0 −

Total .................................................... 7,125,848 7,201,072 7,583,985 7,308,907 3,802,767 1,747,138 −1.0 17.0 16.9

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

54 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Destination State 1995-1996

Australia Total................................... 147,204 211,099 109,737 98,947 − 83,174 −30.3

Florida............................................ − − − − − 26,074 −

Hawaii............................................ 147,204 211,099 109,737 98,947 − −−30.3

Texas.............................................. − − − − − 57,100 −

Canada Total...................................... 1,332,243 1,401,960 1,317,929 664,835 48,090 15,600 −5.0

Illinois ............................................ 215,959 222,876 346,192 50,936 − −−3.1

Indiana ........................................... 735,342 760,508 592,655 582,689 − −−3.3

Massachusetts ................................ − − − − 32,800 − −

Michigan ........................................ 361,458 393,367 371,097 − − −−8.1

New Hampshire............................. − − − − − 15,600 −

Ohio ............................................... 1,454 1,410 1,635 2,000 − − 3.1

Washington .................................... 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 − −24.2

Colombia Total .................................. 2,285,840 2,202,005 3,150,128 3,642,728 1,504,138 568,116 3.8

Alabama......................................... 160,675 161,950 178,330 57,602 − −−.8

Delaware ........................................ − 7,143 22,031 − − −−100.0

Florida............................................ 1,417,220 1,340,640 2,348,550 2,999,303 1,418,580 426,846 5.7

Georgia .......................................... − − 11,902 − − −−

Maine ............................................. 45,220 − − − − − −

Maryland ........................................ − − 88,000 224,000 − −−

Massachusetts ................................ 630,400 557,900 135,500 187,200 − 29,000 13.0

Mississippi ..................................... − − − − − 65,870 −

New Hampshire............................. 32,325 134,372 163,311 52,143 48,400 9,200 −75.9

New Jersey..................................... − − 22,500 − − −−

North Carolina............................... − − 26,600 − − −−

Texas.............................................. − − 153,404 122,480 37,158 37,200 −

Indonesia Total .................................. 833,706 428,554 437,292 118,981 13,100 − 94.5

Florida............................................ 807,803 348,854 147,215 −−− 131.5

Indiana ........................................... − − − 11,100 − − −

Louisiana ........................................ − − 169,181 − − −−

Maine ............................................. − − − 3,135 − − −

Massachusetts ................................ − − 7,938 − − −−

Mississippi ..................................... − − − 67,547 − − −

New Hampshire............................. 25,903 79,700 112,958 37,199 − −−67.5

Ohio ............................................... − − − − 13,100 − −

Mexico Total ...................................... 15,561 − − 33,520 − − −

Texas.............................................. 15,561 − − 33,520 − − −

South Africa Total............................. − − 127,300 − − 79,300 −

Florida ............................................ − − 127,300 − − 79,300 −

Venezuela Total ................................. 1,861,504 2,073,645 1,456,645 936,945 240,584 19,266 −10.2

Alabama......................................... − − − 30,278 − − −

Connecticut .................................... 28,000 − − − − − −

Florida............................................ 298,200 891,400 421,674 312,193 − 19,266 −66.5

Georgia .......................................... 209,907 − 26,835 − − −−

Maine ............................................. 13,966 81,392 91,436 9,123 − −−82.8

Massachusetts ................................ 1,135,500 903,700 916,700 476,100 163,800 − 25.6

New Hampshire............................. 96,033 82,425 − 109,251 34,300 − 16.5

New York ...................................... − 28,189 − − − − −100.0

Pennsylvania .................................. 79,898 86,539 − − − − −7.7

Texas.............................................. − − − − 42,484 − −

Total .................................................... 6,476,058 6,317,263 6,599,031 5,495,956 1,805,912 765,456 2.5

Alabama......................................... 160,675 161,950 178,330 87,880 − −−.8

Connecticut .................................... 28,000 − − − − − −

Delaware ........................................ − 7,143 22,031 − − −−100.0

Florida............................................ 2,523,223 2,580,894 3,044,739 3,311,496 1,418,580 551,486 −2.2

Georgia .......................................... 209,907 − 38,737 − − −−

Hawaii............................................ 147,204 211,099 109,737 98,947 − −−30.3

Illinois ............................................ 215,959 222,876 346,192 50,936 − −−3.1

Indiana ........................................... 735,342 760,508 592,655 593,789 − −−3.3

Louisiana ........................................ − − 169,181 − − −−

Maine ............................................. 59,186 81,392 91,436 12,258 − −−27.3

Maryland ........................................ − − 88,000 224,000 − −−

Massachusetts ................................ 1,765,900 1,461,600 1,060,138 663,300 196,600 29,000 20.8

Michigan ........................................ 361,458 393,367 371,097 − − −−8.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 55 
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1987, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Destination State 1995-1996

Total (Continued)

Mississippi ..................................... − − − 67,547 − 65,870 −

New Hampshire............................. 154,261 296,497 276,269 198,593 82,700 24,800 −48.0

New Jersey..................................... − − 22,500 − − −−

New York ...................................... − 28,189 − − − − −100.0

North Carolina............................... − − 26,600 − − −−

Ohio ............................................... 1,454 1,410 1,635 2,000 13,100 − 3.1

Pennsylvania .................................. 79,898 86,539 − − − − −7.7

Texas.............................................. 15,561 − 153,404 156,000 79,642 94,300 −

Washington .................................... 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 − −24.2

Notes: Data for 1987 are only for receipts at electric utilities. Data for 1992 through 1996 are for receipts at electric utilities, manufacturing plants and

coke plants. See Table 38 and Table 39 for related data. See Technical Note 1 for the difference between receipts of imported coal and U.S. coal imports.

Sources: • 1987: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

• 1992-1996: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality

Report - Coke Plants’’; and FERC, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

56 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and

Destination State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Country of Origin 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Destination State 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Australia Total................................... − − − − − 83,174 − −−100.0

Florida............................................ − − − − − 26,074 − −−100.0

Texas.............................................. − − − − − 57,100 − −−100.0

Canada Total...................................... 18,030 23,799 63,350 29,210 48,090 15,600 −24.2 −21.7 1.6

Massachusetts ................................ − − − − 32,800 −− −100.0 −

Michigan ........................................ − − 57,000 − − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. − − − − − 15,600 − −−100.0

Washington .................................... 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 − −24.2 4.2 −

Colombia Total .................................. 2,079,945 2,040,055 2,971,798 3,585,126 1,504,138 568,116 1.9 8.4 15.5

Delaware ........................................ − 7,143 22,031 − − − −100.0 − −

Florida............................................ 1,417,220 1,340,640 2,348,550 2,999,303 1,418,580 426,846 5.7 * 14.3

Georgia .......................................... − − 11,902 − − −− − −

Maryland........................................ − − 88,000 224,000 − −− − −

Massachusetts ................................ 630,400 557,900 135,500 187,200 − 29,000 13.0 − 40.8

Mississippi ..................................... − − − − − 65,870 − −−100.0

New Hampshire............................. 32,325 134,372 163,311 52,143 48,400 9,200 −75.9 −9.6 15.0

New Jersey..................................... − − 22,500 − − −− − −

North Carolina............................... − − 26,600 − − −− − −

Texas.............................................. − − 153,404 122,480 37,158 37,200 − −100.0 −100.0

Indonesia Total .................................. 833,706 428,554 437,292 115,846 13,100 − 94.5 182.4 −

Florida............................................ 807,803 348,854 147,215 −−− 131.5 − −

Indiana ........................................... − − − 11,100 − −− − −

Louisiana........................................ − − 169,181 − − −− − −

Massachusetts ................................ − − 7,938 − − −− − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − − 67,547 − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. 25,903 79,700 112,958 37,199 − −−67.5 − −

Ohio ............................................... − − − − 13,100 −− −100.0 −

South Africa Total............................. − − 127,300 − − 79,300 − −−100.0

Florida............................................ − − 127,300 − − 79,300 − −−100.0

Venezuela Total ................................. 1,767,640 1,905,714 1,365,209 897,544 240,584 19,266 −7.2 64.6 65.2

Connecticut .................................... 28,000 − − − − −− − −

Florida............................................ 298,200 891,400 421,674 312,193 − 19,266 −66.5 − 35.6

Georgia .......................................... 209,907 − 26,835 − − −− − −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,135,500 903,700 916,700 476,100 163,800 − 25.6 62.3 −

New Hampshire............................. 96,033 82,425 − 109,251 34,300 − 16.5 29.3 −

New York ...................................... − 28,189 − − − − −100.0 − −

Texas.............................................. − − − − 42,484 −− −100.0 −

Total .................................................... 4,699,321 4,398,122 4,964,949 4,627,726 1,805,912 765,456 6.8 27.0 22.3

Connecticut .................................... 28,000 − − − − −− − −

Delaware ........................................ − 7,143 22,031 − − − −100.0 − −

Florida............................................ 2,523,223 2,580,894 3,044,739 3,311,496 1,418,580 551,486 −2.2 15.5 18.4

Georgia .......................................... 209,907 − 38,737 − − −− − −

Indiana ........................................... − − − 11,100 − −− − −

Louisiana........................................ − − 169,181 − − −− − −

Maryland........................................ − − 88,000 224,000 − −− − −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,765,900 1,461,600 1,060,138 663,300 196,600 29,000 20.8 73.1 57.9

Michigan ........................................ − − 57,000 − − −− − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − − 67,547 − 65,870 − −−100.0

New Hampshire............................. 154,261 296,497 276,269 198,593 82,700 24,800 −48.0 16.9 22.5

New Jersey..................................... − − 22,500 − − −− − −

New York ...................................... − 28,189 − − − − −100.0 − −

North Carolina............................... − − 26,600 − − −− − −

Ohio ............................................... − − − − 13,100 −− −100.0 −

Texas.............................................. − − 153,404 122,480 79,642 94,300 − −100.0 −100.0

Washington .................................... 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 − −24.2 4.2 −

* Data round to zero.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 57 
Table 39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of

Origin and Destination State, 1994-1996

(Short Tons)

 Country Manufacturing Coke Plants Total

 of Origin

 and Percent

Destination 1996 1995 1994 1996 1995 1994 1996 1995 1994 Change

 State 1995-1996

Australia Total................................... 147,204 211,099 109,737 −−− 147,204 211,099 109,737 −30.3

Hawaii............................................ 147,204 211,099 109,737 −−− 147,204 211,099 109,737 −30.3

Canada Total...................................... 1,454 1,410 1,635 1,312,759 1,376,751 1,252,944 1,314,213 1,378,161 1,254,579 −4.6

Illinois ............................................ − − − 215,959 222,876 346,192 215,959 222,876 346,192 −3.1

Indiana ........................................... − − − 735,342 760,508 592,655 735,342 760,508 592,655 −3.3

Michigan ........................................ − − − 361,458 393,367 314,097 361,458 393,367 314,097 −8.1

Ohio ............................................... 1,454 1,410 1,635 −−− 1,454 1,410 1,635 3.1

Colombia Total .................................. 205,895 161,950 178,330 −−− 205,895 161,950 178,330 27.1

Alabama......................................... 160,675 161,950 178,330 −−− 160,675 161,950 178,330 −.8

Maine ............................................. 45,220 − − − − − 45,220 − − −

Indonesia Total .................................. − − − − − − − − − −

Maine ............................................. − − − − − − − − − −

Mexico Total ...................................... 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 − − −

Texas.............................................. 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 − − −

Venezuela Total ................................. 93,864 167,931 91,436 − − − 93,864 167,931 91,436 −44.1

Alabama......................................... − − − − − − − − − −

Maine ............................................. 13,966 81,392 91,436 −−− 13,966 81,392 91,436 −82.8

Pennsylvania .................................. 79,898 86,539 −−−− 79,898 86,539 − −7.7

Total .................................................... 463,978 542,390 381,138 1,312,759 1,376,751 1,252,944 1,776,737 1,919,141 1,634,082 −7.4

Alabama......................................... 160,675 161,950 178,330 −−− 160,675 161,950 178,330 −.8

Hawaii............................................ 147,204 211,099 109,737 −−− 147,204 211,099 109,737 −30.3

Illinois ............................................ − − − 215,959 222,876 346,192 215,959 222,876 346,192 −3.1

Indiana ........................................... − − − 735,342 760,508 592,655 735,342 760,508 592,655 −3.3

Maine ............................................. 59,186 81,392 91,436 −−− 59,186 81,392 91,436 −27.3

Michigan ........................................ − − − 361,458 393,367 314,097 361,458 393,367 314,097 −8.1

Ohio ............................................... 1,454 1,410 1,635 −−− 1,454 1,410 1,635 3.1

Pennsylvania .................................. 79,898 86,539 −−−− 79,898 86,539 − −7.7

Texas.............................................. 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 − − −

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

58 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Employment and Productivity

Employment

In 1996, the average number of miners working daily

at mines and/or preparation plants producing or processing 10,000 or more short tons of coal dropped 7.5

percent from the 1995 level, to 83,462 miners (Table

40). Of the 25 coal-producing States, 18 had a

decrease in employment. Although all three regions

experienced a decline in employment, the Western

Region which declined 13.1 percent, accounted for the

largest share of the decrease. The Appalachian Region

had a 7 percent decline, while the Interior Region

showed a decline of 8 percent.

The average number of miners at underground mines

in 1996 totaled 53,796 miners, accounting for 64

percent of all U.S. miners (Table 41). Employment at

underground mines decreased 7 percent since 1995.

In 1996, the average number of miners at surface

mines dropped 8.4 percent from the 1995 level to

29,666 miners (Table 42). All three regions had

decreases in surface employment in 1996, with the

Interior Region showing only a slight decline of 0.2

percent.

Mines that produced 1 million short tons or more of

coal in 1996, accounted for 74 percent of total production and employed 48 percent of the miners. Of

this total, 32 percent worked in underground mines

and 16 percent at surface mines. Over 36 thousand

miners (43.8 percent) belong to a union.

The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)

represented 39 percent of the total coal mining

workforce, while 4.6 percent belonged to "other

unions" (Table 46).

Productivity

In 1996, coal miners working daily averaged 5.69

short tons per miner per hour, an increase of 5.8

percent from the 1995 level (Table 48). Increases

occurred in all regions, with the Western Region

showing the largest increase, 11 percent. Over the last

decade, productivity has risen at an annual average

rate of 6.3 percent, increasing both at underground

and surface mines. Underground mines increased 5.5

percent over the last decade, while surface mines rose

6.9 percent during the same period.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 59 
Employment

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 61 
Figure 4. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1987-1996

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Appalachian

Total

Interior Western

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Surface

Total

Underground

Figure 5. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1987-1996

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Appalachian

Total

Interior

Western

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Surface

Total

Underground

62 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 5,031 5,567 5,418 5,399 5,386 6,718 −9.6 −1.7 −3.2

Alaska .................................................. 102 102 105 96 111 93 − −2.1 1.0

Arizona ................................................ 651 831 864 876 888 900 −21.7 −7.5 −3.5

Arkansas .............................................. − 4 15 5 14 19 −100.0 − −

California ............................................. − − − − 8 37 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 1,332 1,777 1,905 1,775 1,610 1,795 −25.0 −4.6 −3.3

Illinois .................................................. 5,174 5,652 6,591 7,303 8,323 12,171 −8.4 −11.2 −9.1

Indiana ................................................. 2,579 2,571 3,206 3,331 3,652 3,992 .3 −8.3 −4.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − 20 90 101 166 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 54 54 63 81 96 247 − −13.4 −15.5

Kentucky Total .................................... 18,826 21,125 23,368 24,063 24,624 32,590 −10.9 −6.5 −5.9

Eastern .............................................. 15,130 16,840 18,577 18,711 19,419 25,640 −10.1 −6.0 −5.7

Western ............................................. 3,696 4,285 4,791 5,352 5,205 6,950 −13.7 −8.2 −6.8

Louisiana.............................................. 111 114 111 99 77 81 −2.6 9.6 3.6

Maryland.............................................. 469 458 451 441 438 555 2.4 1.7 −1.8

Missouri ............................................... 80 92 116 180 323 814 −13.0 −29.4 −22.7

Montana ............................................... 705 722 705 660 715 847 −2.3 −.3 −2.0

New Mexico ........................................ 1,347 1,747 1,786 1,762 1,683 1,658 −22.9 −5.4 −2.3

North Dakota ....................................... 640 716 645 782 744 961 −10.6 −3.7 −4.4

Ohio ..................................................... 3,232 3,386 3,983 3,866 4,515 7,827 −4.5 −8.0 −9.4

Oklahoma............................................. 233 241 253 273 334 653 −3.3 −8.6 −10.8

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 9,021 8,968 9,975 10,940 12,659 17,287 .6 −8.1 −7.0

Anthracite.......................................... 1,171 1,069 1,183 1,124 1,217 1,602 9.5 −.9 −3.4

Bituminous........................................ 7,850 7,899 8,792 9,816 11,442 15,685 −.6 −9.0 −7.4

Tennessee............................................. 756 681 669 646 804 1,998 11.0 −1.5 −10.2

Texas.................................................... 1,550 1,590 1,733 1,841 2,001 3,319 −2.5 −6.2 −8.1

Utah...................................................... 1,804 1,893 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,544 −4.7 −2.5 −3.7

Virginia ................................................ 6,241 6,919 8,121 8,339 9,138 12,047 −9.8 −9.1 −7.0

Washington .......................................... 589 566 570 567 612 699 4.1 −.9 −1.9

West Virginia Total............................. 20,121 21,334 21,861 22,979 26,017 29,458 −5.7 −6.2 −4.1

Northern ............................................ 5,279 6,114 6,659 7,274 8,481 9,863 −13.6 −11.2 −6.7

Southern ............................................ 14,842 15,220 15,202 15,705 17,536 19,595 −2.5 −4.1 −3.0

Wyoming ............................................. 2,814 3,142 3,291 3,159 3,326 3,191 −10.4 −4.1 −1.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 60,001 64,153 69,055 71,321 78,376 101,530 −6.5 −6.5 −5.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 13,477 14,603 16,899 18,555 20,126 28,412 −7.7 −9.5 −7.9

Western Total1 .................................. 9,984 11,496 11,546 11,446 11,694 12,725 −13.1 −3.9 −2.6

East of Miss. River............................ 71,450 76,661 83,643 87,307 95,556 124,643 −6.8 −7.0 −6.0

West of Miss. River........................... 12,012 13,591 13,857 14,015 14,640 18,024 −11.6 −4.8 −4.4

U.S. Total............................................ 83,462 90,252 97,500 101,322 110,196 142,667 −7.5 −6.7 −5.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 63 
Table 41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 4,145 4,314 3,775 3,707 3,810 4,461 −3.9 2.1 −0.8

Arkansas .............................................. − − 10 − − −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 918 1,301 1,248 1,119 1,085 1,094 −29.4 −4.1 −1.9

Illinois .................................................. 4,256 4,780 5,595 6,196 6,780 8,932 −11.0 −11.0 −7.9

Indiana ................................................. 457 485 485 545 422 489 −5.8 2.0 −.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 87 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 12,876 14,542 15,837 16,493 16,888 21,505 −11.4 −6.5 −5.5

Eastern .............................................. 10,275 11,366 12,849 13,028 13,405 16,900 −9.6 −6.4 −5.4

Western ............................................. 2,601 3,176 2,988 3,465 3,483 4,605 −18.1 −7.0 −6.1

Maryland.............................................. 308 293 284 260 228 286 5.1 7.8 .8

Montana ............................................... 18 − − 7 − −− − −

New Mexico ........................................ − 132 168 246 141 192 −100.0 − −

Ohio ..................................................... 1,706 1,670 1,694 1,601 1,926 3,552 2.1 −3.0 −7.8

Oklahoma............................................. 26 12 32 40 24 − 116.7 2.0 −

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 5,599 5,659 6,192 6,853 8,113 10,402 −1.1 −8.8 −6.6

Anthracite.......................................... 147 152 149 194 147 254 −3.3 − −5.9

Bituminous........................................ 5,452 5,507 6,043 6,659 7,966 10,148 −1.0 −9.0 −6.7

Tennessee............................................. 467 473 511 375 599 1,552 −1.3 −6.0 −12.5

Utah...................................................... 1,803 1,893 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,544 −4.8 −2.5 −3.8

Virginia ................................................ 5,098 5,776 6,844 7,092 7,888 10,228 −11.7 −10.3 −7.4

West Virginia Total............................. 16,003 16,347 16,956 18,040 20,738 24,513 −2.1 −6.3 −4.6

Northern ............................................ 4,764 5,561 5,997 6,414 7,513 8,534 −14.3 −10.8 −6.3

Southern ............................................ 11,239 10,786 10,959 11,626 13,225 15,979 4.2 −4.0 −3.8

Wyoming ............................................. 116 202 256 261 268 20 −42.6 −18.9 21.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 43,601 45,898 49,105 50,956 56,707 71,894 −5.0 −6.3 −5.4

Interior Total1 ................................... 7,340 8,453 9,110 10,246 10,709 14,113 −13.2 −9.0 −7.0

Western Total1 .................................. 2,855 3,528 3,347 3,402 3,491 3,850 −19.1 −4.9 −3.3

East of Miss. River............................ 50,915 54,339 58,173 61,162 67,392 85,920 −6.3 −6.8 −5.6

West of Miss. River........................... 2,881 3,540 3,389 3,442 3,515 3,937 −18.6 −4.8 −3.4

U.S. Total............................................ 53,796 57,879 61,562 64,604 70,907 89,857 −7.0 −6.7 −5.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

64 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 886 1,253 1,643 1,692 1,576 2,257 −29.3 −13.4 −9.9

Alaska .................................................. 102 102 105 96 111 93 − −2.1 1.0

Arizona ................................................ 651 831 864 876 888 900 −21.7 −7.5 −3.5

Arkansas .............................................. − 4 5 5 14 19 −100.0 − −

California ............................................. − − − − 8 37 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 414 476 657 656 525 701 −13.0 −5.8 −5.7

Illinois .................................................. 918 872 996 1,107 1,543 3,239 5.3 −12.2 −13.1

Indiana ................................................. 2,122 2,086 2,721 2,786 3,230 3,503 1.7 −10.0 −5.4

Iowa ..................................................... − − 20 90 101 79 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 54 54 63 81 96 247 − −13.4 −15.5

Kentucky Total .................................... 5,950 6,583 7,531 7,570 7,736 11,085 −9.6 −6.3 −6.7

Eastern .............................................. 4,855 5,474 5,728 5,683 6,014 8,740 −11.3 −5.2 −6.3

Western ............................................. 1,095 1,109 1,803 1,887 1,722 2,345 −1.3 −10.7 −8.1

Louisiana.............................................. 111 114 111 99 77 81 −2.6 9.6 3.6

Maryland.............................................. 161 165 167 181 210 269 −2.4 −6.4 −5.5

Missouri ............................................... 80 92 116 180 323 814 −13.0 −29.4 −22.7

Montana ............................................... 687 722 705 653 715 847 −4.8 −1.0 −2.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,347 1,615 1,618 1,516 1,542 1,466 −16.6 −3.3 −.9

North Dakota ....................................... 640 716 645 782 744 961 −10.6 −3.7 −4.4

Ohio ..................................................... 1,526 1,716 2,289 2,265 2,589 4,275 −11.1 −12.4 −10.8

Oklahoma............................................. 207 229 221 233 310 653 −9.6 −9.6 −12.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3,422 3,309 3,783 4,087 4,546 6,885 3.4 −6.8 −7.5

Anthracite .......................................... 1,024 917 1,034 930 1,070 1,348 11.7 −1.1 −3.0

Bituminous........................................ 2,398 2,392 2,749 3,157 3,476 5,537 .3 −8.9 −8.9

Tennessee............................................. 289 208 158 271 205 446 38.9 9.0 −4.7

Texas.................................................... 1,550 1,590 1,733 1,841 2,001 3,319 −2.5 −6.2 −8.1

Utah...................................................... 1 − − − − −− − −

Virginia ................................................ 1,143 1,143 1,277 1,247 1,250 1,819 − −2.2 −5.0

Washington .......................................... 589 566 570 567 612 699 4.1 −.9 −1.9

West Virginia Total............................. 4,118 4,987 4,905 4,939 5,279 4,945 −17.4 −6.0 −2.0

Northern ............................................ 515 553 662 860 968 1,329 −6.9 −14.6 −10.0

Southern ............................................ 3,603 4,434 4,243 4,079 4,311 3,616 −18.7 −4.4 *

Wyoming ............................................. 2,698 2,940 3,035 2,898 3,058 3,171 −8.2 −3.1 −1.8

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 16,400 18,255 19,950 20,365 21,669 29,636 −10.2 −6.7 −6.4

Interior Total1 ................................... 6,137 6,150 7,789 8,309 9,417 14,299 −.2 −10.1 −9.0

Western Total1 .................................. 7,129 7,968 8,199 8,044 8,203 8,875 −10.5 −3.4 −2.4

East of Miss. River............................ 20,535 22,322 25,470 26,145 28,164 38,723 −8.0 −7.6 −6.8

West of Miss. River........................... 9,131 10,051 10,468 10,573 11,125 14,087 −9.1 −4.8 −4.7

U.S. Total............................................ 29,666 32,373 35,938 36,718 39,289 52,810 −8.4 −6.8 −6.2

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 65 
Table 43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1996

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,624 765 148 133 142 115 104 5,031

Alaska ............................................... 102 −−−−−− 102

Arizona ............................................. 630 −−−−− 21 651

Colorado ........................................... 858 198 123 104 − − 49 1,332

Illinois ............................................... 4,330 378 176 19 7 92 172 5,174

Indiana .............................................. 1,463 662 280 78 42 13 41 2,579

Kansas ............................................... − − 54 −−−− 54

Kentucky Total................................. 4,217 3,655 3,705 2,233 1,588 1,498 1,930 18,826

Eastern ........................................... 2,429 2,672 3,391 2,138 1,438 1,392 1,670 15,130

Western .......................................... 1,788 983 314 95 150 106 260 3,696

Louisiana .......................................... 78 33 −−−−− 111

Maryland ........................................... 237 − 86 15 44 54 33 469

Missouri ............................................ − − 27 14 30 9 − 80

Montana ............................................ 637 39 11 18 −−− 705

New Mexico ..................................... 1,347 −−−−−− 1,347

North Dakota.................................... 636 −−−−− 4 640

Ohio .................................................. 1,855 280 282 330 143 210 132 3,232

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 114 106 − 13 − 233

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,704 1,041 1,384 656 506 765 965 9,021

Anthracite ...................................... − 27 246 67 154 294 383 1,171

Bituminous ..................................... 3,704 1,014 1,138 589 352 471 582 7,850

Tennessee ......................................... − 54 368 154 12 58 110 756

Texas ................................................. 1,378 96 76 −−−− 1,550

Utah .................................................. 1,587 179 −−−− 38 1,804

Virginia ............................................. 1,087 505 1,501 940 746 616 846 6,241

Washington ....................................... 489 − − 100 −−− 589

West Virginia Total ......................... 8,861 2,593 2,800 1,061 1,113 994 2,699 20,121

Northern ......................................... 3,630 327 445 164 160 201 352 5,279

Southern ......................................... 5,231 2,266 2,355 897 953 793 2,347 14,842

Wyoming .......................................... 2,658 106 13 24 − 13 − 2,814

Appalachian Total2........................ 21,797 7,910 9,960 5,427 4,144 4,204 6,559 60,001

Interior Total2 ................................ 9,037 2,152 1,041 312 229 233 473 13,477

Western Total2 ............................... 8,944 522 147 246 − 13 112 9,984

East of Miss. River......................... 29,378 9,933 10,730 5,619 4,343 4,415 7,032 71,450

West of Miss. River........................ 10,400 651 418 366 30 35 112 12,012

U.S. Total......................................... 39,778 10,584 11,148 5,985 4,373 4,450 7,144 83,462

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

66 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1996

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,471 567 − − 32 − 75 4,145

Colorado ........................................... 468 198 99 104 − − 49 918

Illinois ............................................... 3,829 78 105 19 − 81 144 4,256

Indiana .............................................. 174 267 −−−− 16 457

Kentucky Total................................. 3,318 2,040 2,334 1,674 1,138 964 1,408 12,876

Eastern ........................................... 1,596 1,597 2,218 1,674 1,063 950 1,177 10,275

Western .......................................... 1,722 443 116 − 75 14 231 2,601

Maryland ........................................... 237 − 26 − − 12 33 308

Montana ............................................ −−− 18 −−− 18

Ohio .................................................. 1,551 − 40 92 − − 23 1,706

Oklahoma ......................................... −−− 26 −−− 26

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,593 705 581 119 71 141 389 5,599

Anthracite ...................................... −−− 33 − 63 51 147

Bituminous ..................................... 3,593 705 581 86 71 78 338 5,452

Tennessee ......................................... − − 248 100 12 34 73 467

Utah .................................................. 1,587 179 −−−− 37 1,803

Virginia ............................................. 1,087 183 1,141 752 647 574 714 5,098

West Virginia Total ......................... 7,144 1,941 2,209 800 946 756 2,207 16,003

Northern ......................................... 3,535 267 350 99 113 132 268 4,764

Southern ......................................... 3,609 1,674 1,859 701 833 624 1,939 11,239

Wyoming .......................................... 116 −−−−−− 116

Appalachian Total2........................ 18,679 4,993 6,463 3,537 2,771 2,467 4,691 43,601

Interior Total2 ................................ 5,725 788 221 45 75 95 391 7,340

Western Total2 ............................... 2,171 377 99 122 − − 86 2,855

East of Miss. River......................... 24,404 5,781 6,684 3,556 2,846 2,562 5,082 50,915

West of Miss. River........................ 2,171 377 99 148 − − 86 2,881

U.S. Total......................................... 26,575 6,158 6,783 3,704 2,846 2,562 5,168 53,796

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 67 
Table 45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1996

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 153 198 148 133 110 115 29 886

Alaska ............................................... 102 −−−−−− 102

Arizona ............................................. 630 −−−−− 21 651

Colorado ........................................... 390 − 24 −−−− 414

Illinois ............................................... 501 300 71 − 7 11 28 918

Indiana .............................................. 1,289 395 280 78 42 13 25 2,122

Kansas ............................................... − − 54 −−−− 54

Kentucky Total................................. 899 1,615 1,371 559 450 534 522 5,950

Eastern ........................................... 833 1,075 1,173 464 375 442 493 4,855

Western .......................................... 66 540 198 95 75 92 29 1,095

Louisiana .......................................... 78 33 −−−−− 111

Maryland ........................................... − − 60 15 44 42 − 161

Missouri ............................................ − − 27 14 30 9 − 80

Montana ............................................ 637 39 11 −−−− 687

New Mexico ..................................... 1,347 −−−−−− 1,347

North Dakota.................................... 636 −−−−− 4 640

Ohio .................................................. 304 280 242 238 143 210 109 1,526

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 114 80 − 13 − 207

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 111 336 803 537 435 624 576 3,422

Anthracite ...................................... − 27 246 34 154 231 332 1,024

Bituminous ..................................... 111 309 557 503 281 393 244 2,398

Tennessee ......................................... − 54 120 54 − 24 37 289

Texas ................................................. 1,378 96 76 −−−− 1,550

Utah .................................................. −−−−−− 1 1

Virginia ............................................. − 322 360 188 99 42 132 1,143

Washington ....................................... 489 − − 100 −−− 589

West Virginia Total ......................... 1,717 652 591 261 167 238 492 4,118

Northern ......................................... 95 60 95 65 47 69 84 515

Southern ......................................... 1,622 592 496 196 120 169 408 3,603

Wyoming .......................................... 2,542 106 13 24 − 13 − 2,698

Appalachian Total2........................ 3,118 2,917 3,497 1,890 1,373 1,737 1,868 16,400

Interior Total2 ................................ 3,312 1,364 820 267 154 138 82 6,137

Western Total2 ............................... 6,773 145 48 124 − 13 26 7,129

East of Miss. River......................... 4,974 4,152 4,046 2,063 1,497 1,853 1,950 20,535

West of Miss. River........................ 8,229 274 319 218 30 35 26 9,131

U.S. Total......................................... 13,203 4,426 4,365 2,281 1,527 1,888 1,976 29,666

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

68 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 3,743 − 3,743 1,288 5,031

Underground .................................. 3,423 − 3,423 722 4,145

Surface ........................................... 320 − 320 566 886

Alaska.................................................. − 102 102 − 102

Surface ........................................... − 102 102 − 102

Arizona ................................................ 651 − 651 − 651

Surface ........................................... 651 − 651 − 651

Colorado ............................................. 350 129 479 853 1,332

Underground .................................. 245 − 245 673 918

Surface ........................................... 105 129 234 180 414

Illinois .................................................. 3,831 391 4,222 952 5,174

Underground .................................. 3,024 331 3,355 901 4,256

Surface ........................................... 807 60 867 51 918

Indiana ................................................ 1,317 − 1,317 1,262 2,579

Underground .................................. 162 − 162 295 457

Surface ........................................... 1,155 − 1,155 967 2,122

Kansas ................................................. 54 − 54 − 54

Surface ........................................... 54 − 54 − 54

Kentucky Total .................................. 2,096 106 2,202 16,624 18,826

Underground .................................. 1,777 50 1,827 11,049 12,876

Surface ........................................... 319 56 375 5,575 5,950

Eastern ............................................. 978 106 1,084 14,046 15,130

Underground .................................. 772 50 822 9,453 10,275

Surface ........................................... 206 56 262 4,593 4,855

Western ............................................ 1,118 − 1,118 2,578 3,696

Underground .................................. 1,005 − 1,005 1,596 2,601

Surface ........................................... 113 − 113 982 1,095

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 111 111

Surface ........................................... − − − 111 111

Maryland ............................................ − − − 469 469

Underground .................................. − − − 308 308

Surface ........................................... − − − 161 161

Missouri .............................................. − − − 80 80

Surface ........................................... − − − 80 80

Montana.............................................. 383 226 609 96 705

Underground .................................. − − − 18 18

Surface ........................................... 383 226 609 78 687

New Mexico ........................................ 405 750 1,155 192 1,347

Surface ........................................... 405 750 1,155 192 1,347

North Dakota ..................................... 108 102 210 430 640

Surface ........................................... 108 102 210 430 640

Ohio ..................................................... 1,700 − 1,700 1,532 3,232

Underground .................................. 1,440 − 1,440 266 1,706

Surface ........................................... 260 − 260 1,266 1,526

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 233 233

Underground .................................. − − − 26 26

Surface ........................................... − − − 207 207

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4,119 25 4,144 4,877 9,021

Underground .................................. 3,475 7 3,482 2,117 5,599

Surface ........................................... 644 18 662 2,760 3,422

Anthracite ........................................ 502 19 521 650 1,171

Underground .................................. − 4 4 143 147

Surface ........................................... 502 15 517 507 1,024

Bituminous ....................................... 3,617 6 3,623 4,227 7,850

Underground .................................. 3,475 3 3,478 1,974 5,452

Surface ........................................... 142 3 145 2,253 2,398

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 756 756

Underground .................................. − − − 467 467

Surface ........................................... − − − 289 289

Texas ................................................... − 920 920 630 1,550

Surface ........................................... − 920 920 630 1,550

Utah ..................................................... 722 − 722 1,082 1,804

Underground .................................. 722 − 722 1,081 1,803

Surface ........................................... − − − 1 1

Virginia ............................................... 1,167 56 1,223 5,018 6,241

Underground .................................. 1,089 − 1,089 4,009 5,098

Surface ........................................... 78 56 134 1,009 1,143

Washington......................................... − 489 489 100 589

Surface ........................................... − 489 489 100 589

West Virginia Total........................... 11,671 42 11,713 8,408 20,121

Underground .................................. 9,894 2 9,896 6,107 16,003

Surface ........................................... 1,777 40 1,817 2,301 4,118

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 69 
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1996 (Continued)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 3,537 − 3,537 1,742 5,279

Underground .................................. 3,525 − 3,525 1,239 4,764

Surface ........................................... 12 − 12 503 515

Southern ........................................... 8,134 42 8,176 6,666 14,842

Underground .................................. 6,369 2 6,371 4,868 11,239

Surface ........................................... 1,765 40 1,805 1,798 3,603

Wyoming............................................. 352 540 892 1,922 2,814

Underground .................................. − − − 116 116

Surface ........................................... 352 540 892 1,806 2,698

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 23,378 229 23,607 36,394 60,001

Underground .................................. 20,093 59 20,152 23,449 43,601

Surface ........................................... 3,285 170 3,455 12,945 16,400

Interior Total1 ................................... 6,320 1,311 7,631 5,846 13,477

Underground .................................. 4,191 331 4,522 2,818 7,340

Surface ........................................... 2,129 980 3,109 3,028 6,137

Western Total1 .................................. 2,971 2,338 5,309 4,675 9,984

Underground .................................. 967 − 967 1,888 2,855

Surface ........................................... 2,004 2,338 4,342 2,787 7,129

East of Miss. River............................ 29,644 620 30,264 41,186 71,450

Underground .................................. 24,284 390 24,674 26,241 50,915

Surface ........................................... 5,360 230 5,590 14,945 20,535

West of Miss. River........................... 3,025 3,258 6,283 5,729 12,012

Underground .................................. 967 − 967 1,914 2,881

Surface ........................................... 2,058 3,258 5,316 3,815 9,131

U.S. Total............................................ 32,669 3,878 36,547 46,915 83,462

Underground ..................................... 25,251 390 25,641 28,155 53,796

Surface .............................................. 7,418 3,488 10,906 18,760 29,666

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Injury Type 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

 RR Injuries Total1 ........................... 5,896 7,386 8,765 8,446 10,110 12,417 −20.2 −12.6 −7.9

Fatal........................................ 38 47 45 47 55 63 −19.1 −8.8 −5.5 RR Nonfatal2................................ 5,858 7,339 8,720 8,399 10,055 12,354 −20.2 −12.6 −8.0

Injuries per 200,000

 RR Employee-Hours Total........... 5.96 6.26 6.89 6.86 7.33 7.88 −4.8 −5.0 −3.1

Fatal........................................ .04 .04 .03 .04 .04 .04 .0 .0 .0 RR Nonfatal2................................ 5.92 6.22 6.86 6.82 7.29 7.84 −4.8 −5.1 −3.1

1 Includes contractors and office workers.

2 Includes only non-fatal injuries that resulted in absence from work. R Revised.

 Note: Calculations of growth rate are based using unrounded values.

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.

70 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Figure 6. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1987-1996

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Thousands

7.4

8.8

8.4

10.1

11.3

12.3 12.0

12.4 12.5

5.9

Figure 7. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1987-1996

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

47 45 47

55

61

66 68

53

63

38

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 71 
Productivity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 73 
Table 48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.49 1.97 −1.6 −3.0 1.3

Alaska .................................................. 6.81 7.46 6.94 7.40 6.93 6.84 −8.8 −.4 *

Arizona ................................................ 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.76 −.6 * −.8

Arkansas .............................................. − 1.47 1.52 1.39 1.68 1.80 −100.0 − −

California ............................................. − − − − 11.12 5.19 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 7.32 6.14 6.20 5.85 5.27 4.22 19.2 8.5 6.3

Illinois .................................................. 4.18 3.87 3.59 3.23 3.42 2.52 8.2 5.2 5.8

Indiana ................................................. 4.98 4.68 4.28 4.46 4.09 3.57 6.4 5.0 3.8

Iowa ..................................................... − − 1.52 .72 1.14 1.39 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 2.17 2.22 1.93 2.30 2.21 3.75 −2.4 −.5 −5.9

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.80 3.57 3.25 3.25 3.20 2.69 6.6 4.4 3.9

Eastern .............................................. 3.68 3.47 3.24 3.18 3.10 2.59 6.1 4.3 4.0

Western ............................................. 4.29 3.97 3.28 3.49 3.49 2.98 7.9 5.3 4.1

Louisiana.............................................. 10.86 13.25 13.00 12.14 12.43 15.26 −18.0 −3.3 −3.7

Maryland.............................................. 4.13 3.82 3.68 3.41 2.91 3.38 8.2 9.1 2.2

Missouri ............................................... 3.49 2.55 3.59 1.84 3.10 2.28 36.9 3.0 4.8

Montana ............................................... 21.88 21.06 21.92 19.49 20.16 18.70 3.9 2.1 1.8

New Mexico ........................................ 8.45 6.92 6.77 6.68 6.68 5.74 22.1 6.0 4.4

North Dakota ....................................... 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 13.46 2.4 −1.3 2.8

Ohio ..................................................... 3.95 3.62 3.42 3.46 3.04 2.28 9.1 6.8 6.3

Oklahoma............................................. 2.61 2.97 2.68 2.80 2.17 1.90 −12.1 4.7 3.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.36 3.23 2.98 2.80 2.67 1.97 4.1 5.9 6.1

Anthracite.......................................... 1.92 2.08 1.93 1.85 1.33 1.13 −8.0 9.5 6.0

Bituminous........................................ 3.56 3.37 3.11 2.91 2.81 2.04 5.4 6.0 6.3

Tennessee............................................. 2.20 2.36 2.23 2.47 2.19 1.67 −6.8 .1 3.1

Texas.................................................... 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 6.45 11.3 8.4 5.1

Utah...................................................... 7.23 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 3.86 3.0 7.2 7.2

Virginia ................................................ 2.72 2.50 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.08 8.4 3.5 3.0

Washington .......................................... 3.97 4.04 4.11 4.00 4.51 3.06 −1.8 −3.1 2.9

West Virginia Total............................. 3.91 3.74 3.69 3.27 3.27 2.47 4.4 4.5 5.3

Northern ............................................ 4.05 3.72 3.63 2.98 3.17 2.61 8.9 6.3 5.0

Southern ............................................ 3.86 3.75 3.72 3.39 3.32 2.38 2.8 3.8 5.5

Wyoming ............................................. 32.06 30.06 26.05 24.46 21.50 17.91 6.6 10.5 6.7

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.48 3.32 3.20 3.00 2.95 2.30 4.8 4.3 4.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 5.39 4.97 4.43 4.43 4.18 3.33 8.4 6.6 5.5

Western Total1 .................................. 17.41 15.68 14.58 13.53 12.73 10.42 11.0 8.1 5.9

East of Miss. River............................ 3.63 3.45 3.28 3.11 3.07 2.42 5.3 4.3 4.6

West of Miss. River........................... 15.66 14.18 13.22 12.14 11.03 8.73 10.4 9.2 6.7

U.S. Total............................................ 5.69 5.38 4.98 4.70 4.36 3.30 5.8 6.9 6.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

74 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 1.95 2.02 1.94 2.09 2.17 1.68 −3.6 −2.6 1.7

Arkansas .............................................. − − 1.62 − − −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 6.67 5.86 5.81 5.21 4.52 2.75 13.7 10.2 10.3

Illinois .................................................. 4.10 3.86 3.49 3.11 3.21 2.20 6.1 6.3 7.1

Indiana ................................................. 3.09 3.22 2.82 2.49 2.80 2.05 −4.1 2.5 4.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 1.22 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.53 3.25 2.89 2.93 2.91 2.40 8.6 5.0 4.4

Eastern .............................................. 3.37 3.12 2.87 2.89 2.86 2.28 8.2 4.2 4.4

Western ............................................. 4.05 3.70 2.96 3.10 3.05 2.74 9.4 7.3 4.4

Maryland.............................................. 4.82 4.77 4.52 4.34 3.50 4.10 1.0 8.3 1.8

Montana ............................................... 3.50 − − 1.06 − −− − −

New Mexico ........................................ − 2.68 2.57 1.63 .40 1.74 −100.0 − −

Ohio ..................................................... 4.19 3.81 3.51 3.27 3.01 1.80 9.9 8.6 9.8

Oklahoma............................................. 1.75 .74 1.70 1.03 1.04 − 138.0 13.9 −

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.74 3.49 3.18 2.91 2.81 1.81 7.1 7.4 8.4

Anthracite.......................................... .94 .86 .64 .74 .84 .84 8.7 2.9 1.2

Bituminous........................................ 3.81 3.56 3.25 2.98 2.84 1.83 6.9 7.6 8.5

Tennessee............................................. 1.76 2.02 1.90 2.34 1.81 1.58 −13.0 −.8 1.2

Utah...................................................... 7.24 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 3.86 3.1 7.3 7.2

Virginia ................................................ 2.44 2.25 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.01 8.6 2.7 2.2

West Virginia Total............................. 3.50 3.40 3.38 2.92 2.99 2.31 2.9 4.0 4.7

Northern ............................................ 3.98 3.66 3.61 2.84 3.12 2.54 8.7 6.2 5.1

Southern ............................................ 3.29 3.27 3.25 2.96 2.92 2.17 .7 3.0 4.7

Wyoming ............................................. 9.18 5.97 5.07 3.56 4.19 2.71 53.6 21.7 14.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.24 3.08 2.96 2.75 2.76 2.11 5.3 4.2 4.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.01 3.76 3.26 3.06 3.14 2.38 6.7 6.3 6.0

Western Total1 .................................. 7.09 6.35 5.98 5.23 4.88 3.40 11.8 9.8 8.5

East of Miss. River............................ 3.36 3.19 3.02 2.81 2.82 2.16 5.3 4.5 5.1

West of Miss. River........................... 7.03 6.32 5.93 5.18 4.85 3.39 11.2 9.7 8.4

U.S. Total............................................ 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.20 5.6 5.1 5.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 75 
Table 50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 3.50 3.07 3.07 3.01 3.28 2.53 14.2 1.6 3.7

Alaska .................................................. 6.81 7.46 6.94 7.40 6.93 6.84 −8.8 −.4 *

Arizona ................................................ 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.76 −.6 * −.8

Arkansas .............................................. − 1.47 1.46 1.39 1.68 1.80 −100.0 − −

California ............................................. − − − − 11.12 5.19 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 8.76 6.79 7.06 7.07 6.52 6.44 29.0 7.7 3.5

Illinois .................................................. 4.67 3.89 4.12 3.86 4.47 3.37 19.9 1.1 3.7

Indiana ................................................. 5.34 5.04 4.56 4.82 4.28 3.79 6.0 5.7 3.9

Iowa ..................................................... − − 1.52 .72 1.14 1.43 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 2.17 2.22 1.93 2.30 2.21 3.75 −2.4 −.5 −5.9

Kentucky Total .................................... 4.35 4.23 3.96 3.84 3.75 3.18 2.9 3.8 3.5

Eastern .............................................. 4.23 4.13 3.97 3.74 3.57 3.12 2.6 4.3 3.5

Western ............................................. 5.02 4.77 3.93 4.14 4.31 3.37 5.1 3.9 4.5

Louisiana.............................................. 10.86 13.25 13.00 12.14 12.43 15.26 −18.0 −3.3 −3.7

Maryland.............................................. 2.56 2.16 2.18 2.07 2.13 2.66 18.5 4.7 −.4

Missouri ............................................... 3.49 2.55 3.59 1.84 3.10 2.28 36.9 3.0 4.8

Montana ............................................... 22.34 21.06 21.92 19.59 20.16 18.70 6.1 2.6 2.0

New Mexico ........................................ 8.45 7.19 7.18 7.26 7.11 6.23 17.4 4.4 3.4

North Dakota ....................................... 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 13.46 2.4 −1.3 2.8

Ohio ..................................................... 3.69 3.46 3.34 3.58 3.06 2.67 6.9 4.8 3.7

Oklahoma............................................. 2.73 3.10 2.80 3.12 2.26 1.90 −12.0 4.8 4.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.72 2.79 2.67 2.63 2.45 2.23 −2.4 2.6 2.3

Anthracite.......................................... 2.06 2.30 2.13 2.09 1.39 1.19 −10.3 10.3 6.3

Bituminous........................................ 2.97 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.74 2.43 .6 2.0 2.3

Tennessee............................................. 2.91 3.20 3.19 2.71 3.06 2.04 −9.1 −1.3 4.0

Texas.................................................... 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 6.45 11.3 8.4 5.1

Virginia ................................................ 3.79 3.73 3.73 3.55 3.50 2.52 1.7 2.0 4.6

Washington .......................................... 3.97 4.04 4.11 4.00 4.51 3.06 −1.8 −3.1 2.9

West Virginia Total............................. 5.18 4.74 4.62 4.35 4.27 3.29 9.4 5.0 5.2

Northern ............................................ 4.72 4.31 3.78 3.70 3.52 3.16 9.5 7.6 4.5

Southern ............................................ 5.24 4.79 4.75 4.49 4.43 3.33 9.4 4.3 5.2

Wyoming ............................................. 32.84 31.02 27.37 26.03 22.76 17.98 5.9 9.6 6.9

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4.05 3.88 3.72 3.55 3.40 2.76 4.3 4.5 4.3

Interior Total1 ................................... 6.89 6.39 5.71 5.71 5.21 4.14 7.8 7.2 5.8

Western Total1 .................................. 20.96 18.93 17.68 16.49 15.46 12.82 10.7 7.9 5.6

East of Miss. River............................ 4.25 4.03 3.85 3.74 3.61 2.97 5.4 4.2 4.1

West of Miss. River........................... 17.89 16.23 15.19 13.94 12.49 9.86 10.2 9.4 6.8

U.S. Total............................................ 9.05 8.48 7.67 7.23 6.59 4.98 6.7 8.3 6.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

76 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1996

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3 (short tons)4

Alabama ........................................ 58 5,031 2.20 18.77

Underground ............................ 16 4,145 1.95 16.39

Surface ..................................... 42 886 3.50 30.02

Alaska ........................................... 1 102 6.81 61.29

Surface ..................................... 1 102 6.81 61.29

Arizona ......................................... 3 651 6.30 55.27

Surface ..................................... 3 651 6.30 55.27

Colorado ....................................... 18 1,332 7.32 66.07

Underground ............................ 14 918 6.67 60.39

Surface ..................................... 4 414 8.76 78.07

Illinois ........................................... 36 5,174 4.18 36.10

Underground ............................ 24 4,256 4.10 34.91

Surface ..................................... 12 918 4.67 41.37

Indiana .......................................... 40 2,579 4.98 47.11

Underground ............................ 5 457 3.09 26.24

Surface ..................................... 35 2,122 5.34 51.28

Kansas ........................................... 1 54 2.17 17.33

Surface ..................................... 1 54 2.17 17.33

Kentucky Total............................ 631 18,826 3.80 34.78

Underground ............................ 365 12,876 3.53 31.04

Surface ..................................... 266 5,950 4.35 41.87

Eastern ....................................... 560 15,130 3.68 33.73

Underground ............................ 334 10,275 3.37 29.71

Surface ..................................... 226 4,855 4.23 41.08

Western ...................................... 71 3,696 4.29 38.22

Underground ............................ 31 2,601 4.05 34.95

Surface ..................................... 40 1,095 5.02 45.79

Louisiana ...................................... 2 111 10.86 92.35

Surface ..................................... 2 111 10.86 92.35

Maryland ...................................... 15 469 4.13 35.39

Underground ............................ 4 308 4.82 39.15

Surface ..................................... 11 161 2.56 22.36

Missouri ........................................ 5 80 3.49 33.38

Surface ..................................... 5 80 3.49 33.38

Montana ........................................ 8 705 21.88 186.71

Underground ............................ 1 18 3.50 35.04

Surface ..................................... 7 687 22.34 185.93

New Mexico.................................. 6 1,347 8.45 65.71

Surface ..................................... 6 1,347 8.45 65.71

North Dakota ............................... 6 640 17.20 144.58

Surface ..................................... 6 640 17.20 144.58

Ohio ............................................... 104 3,232 3.95 36.99

Underground ............................ 15 1,706 4.19 36.70

Surface ..................................... 89 1,526 3.69 34.93

Oklahoma ..................................... 10 233 2.61 24.48

Underground ............................ 1 26 1.75 16.20

Surface ..................................... 9 207 2.73 25.63

Pennsylvania Total...................... 359 9,021 3.36 28.96

Underground ............................ 91 5,599 3.74 31.24

Surface ..................................... 268 3,422 2.72 23.68

Anthracite .................................. 95 1,171 1.92 15.49

Underground ............................ 19 147 .94 7.31

Surface ..................................... 76 1,024 2.06 16.79

Bituminous ................................ 264 7,850 3.56 31.31

Underground ............................ 72 5,452 3.81 32.36

Surface ..................................... 192 2,398 2.97 26.53

Tennessee ...................................... 33 756 2.20 20.50

Underground ............................ 18 467 1.76 15.51

Surface ..................................... 15 289 2.91 28.88

Texas ............................................. 13 1,550 10.13 103.71

Surface ..................................... 13 1,550 10.13 103.71

Utah ............................................... 15 1,804 7.23 63.84

Underground ............................ 14 1,803 7.24 63.80

Surface ..................................... 1 1 .00 .00

Virginia ......................................... 225 6,241 2.72 24.35

Underground ............................ 163 5,098 2.44 21.57

Surface ..................................... 62 1,143 3.79 35.42

Washington .................................. 3 589 3.97 33.75

Surface ..................................... 3 589 3.97 33.75

West Virginia Total .................... 479 20,121 3.91 34.22

Underground ............................ 323 16,003 3.50 29.87

Surface ..................................... 156 4,118 5.18 47.77

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 77 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1996 (Continued)

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3 (short tons)4

Northern .................................... 102 5,279 4.05 34.70

Underground ............................ 59 4,764 3.98 33.14

Surface ..................................... 43 515 4.72 41.82

Southern .................................... 377 14,842 3.86 33.98

Underground ............................ 264 11,239 3.29 28.21

Surface ..................................... 113 3,603 5.24 49.01

Wyoming ...................................... 27 2,814 32.06 332.43

Underground ............................ 1 116 9.18 91.80

Surface ..................................... 26 2,698 32.84 341.03

Appalachian Total5..................... 1,833 60,001 3.48 31.04

Underground ............................ 964 43,601 3.24 28.12

Surface ..................................... 869 16,400 4.05 37.25

Interior Total5 ............................. 178 13,477 5.39 49.08

Underground ............................ 61 7,340 4.01 34.44

Surface ..................................... 117 6,137 6.89 64.65

Western Total5 ............................ 87 9,984 17.41 160.26

Underground ............................ 30 2,855 7.09 63.89

Surface ..................................... 57 7,129 20.96 195.20

East of Miss. River...................... 1,980 71,450 3.63 32.41

Underground ............................ 1,024 50,915 3.36 29.14

Surface ..................................... 956 20,535 4.25 39.14

West of Miss. River..................... 118 12,012 15.66 146.13

Underground ............................ 31 2,881 7.03 63.37

Surface ..................................... 87 9,131 17.89 168.90

U.S. Total...................................... 2,098 83,462 5.69 50.90

Underground ......................... 1,055 53,796 3.57 30.99

Surface .................................. 1,043 29,666 9.05 83.46

1 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal will be

counted as two operations.

2 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering employees.

3 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers.

4 Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per hour by the average length of a miner shift.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

78 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama.............................................. 267 260 240 250 245 250 2.8 2.3 0.7

Underground .................................. 268 259 246 249 236 237 3.4 3.2 1.4

Surface ........................................... 265 262 231 253 258 267 1.1 .6 −.1

Alaska.................................................. 239 251 246 250 224 250 −4.8 1.6 −.5

Surface ........................................... 239 251 246 250 224 250 −4.8 1.6 −.5

Arizona................................................ 281 211 217 211 225 196 32.9 5.7 4.1

Surface ........................................... 281 211 217 211 225 196 32.9 5.7 4.1

Arkansas............................................. − 240 176 240 228 206 −100.0 − −

Underground .................................. − − 85 − − −− − −

Surface ........................................... − 240 240 240 228 206 −100.0 − −

California............................................ − − − − 116 30 −− −

Surface ........................................... − − − − 116 30 −− −

Colorado ............................................. 316 287 258 243 278 266 10.2 3.3 1.9

Underground .................................. 325 287 288 282 268 249 13.2 5.0 3.0

Surface ........................................... 301 286 204 188 290 277 5.1 .9 .9

Illinois.................................................. 276 260 253 220 253 246 6.1 2.2 1.3

Underground .................................. 277 264 257 222 258 240 4.7 1.7 1.6

Surface ........................................... 270 233 231 212 233 256 15.7 3.8 .6

Indiana ................................................ 276 266 274 254 250 242 3.9 2.4 1.5

Underground .................................. 279 277 285 246 263 241 .6 1.4 1.6

Surface ........................................... 276 264 272 255 249 242 4.5 2.5 1.4

Iowa..................................................... − − 150 260 259 250 −− −

Underground .................................. − − − − − 142 −− −

Surface ........................................... − − 150 260 259 267 −− −

Kansas................................................. 246 265 269 259 242 256 −7.2 .4 −.4

Surface ........................................... 246 265 269 259 242 256 −7.2 .4 −.4

Kentucky Total .................................. 261 254 261 255 259 239 2.5 .1 .9

Underground .................................. 257 252 257 247 254 236 2.1 .3 .9

Surface ........................................... 266 258 268 267 267 243 3.3 * 1.0

Eastern ............................................. 258 250 257 253 250 231 3.3 .8 1.2

Underground .................................. 249 246 249 244 246 223 .9 .2 1.2

Surface ........................................... 271 254 268 266 255 240 6.6 1.5 1.3

Western............................................ 270 269 276 263 286 262 .2 −1.4 .3

Underground .................................. 279 267 283 256 278 270 4.8 .1 .4

Surface ........................................... 247 276 266 270 296 251 −10.4 −4.4 −.2

Louisiana ............................................ 305 299 290 293 335 286 2.1 −2.3 .7

Surface ........................................... 305 299 290 293 335 286 2.1 −2.3 .7

Maryland ............................................ 261 237 237 249 311 239 10.1 −4.3 1.0

Underground .................................. 271 241 236 249 339 240 12.5 −5.4 1.3

Surface ........................................... 219 223 243 250 251 236 −1.5 −3.3 −.8

Missouri .............................................. 290 278 263 181 345 248 4.1 −4.3 1.8

Surface ........................................... 290 278 263 181 345 248 4.1 −4.3 1.8

Montana.............................................. 322 341 341 341 344 301 −5.4 −1.6 .8

Underground .................................. 223 − − 158 − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 323 341 341 341 344 301 −5.2 −1.6 .8

New Mexico ........................................ 275 282 283 297 284 242 −2.7 −.8 1.4

Underground .................................. − 241 241 241 241 217 −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 275 283 284 299 284 243 −3.0 −.8 1.4

North Dakota ..................................... 314 289 303 307 287 248 8.5 2.2 2.6

Surface ........................................... 314 289 303 307 287 248 8.5 2.2 2.6

Ohio..................................................... 264 242 257 266 268 240 9.0 −.4 1.0

Underground .................................. 271 239 265 266 268 238 13.4 .3 1.4

Surface ........................................... 254 245 251 266 267 242 3.8 −1.2 .6

Oklahoma ........................................... 296 296 305 294 282 260 −.1 1.2 1.4

Underground .................................. 308 309 310 300 260 − −.3 4.3 −

Surface ........................................... 295 296 305 293 283 260 −.4 1.0 1.4

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 268 262 257 246 249 245 2.4 1.9 1.0

Underground .................................. 272 266 256 238 245 236 2.2 2.6 1.6

Surface ........................................... 259 253 259 258 257 255 2.4 .2 .2

Anthracite ........................................ 269 253 264 247 246 237 6.3 2.2 1.4

Underground .................................. 266 256 264 263 227 226 4.2 4.1 1.8

Surface ........................................... 269 252 264 246 247 239 6.4 2.1 1.3

Bituminous....................................... 268 263 256 246 249 245 2.1 1.8 1.0

Underground .................................. 272 266 256 238 245 236 2.2 2.6 1.6

Surface ........................................... 257 253 258 261 258 256 1.3 −.1 *

Tennessee ............................................ 243 236 230 223 243 238 2.8 * .2

Underground .................................. 254 245 233 254 241 241 3.7 1.4 .6

Surface ........................................... 231 221 223 173 246 229 4.5 −1.5 .1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 79 
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1987, 1992-1996 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Texas ................................................... 349 345 346 350 348 268 1.3 * 3.0

Surface ........................................... 349 345 346 350 348 268 1.3 * 3.0

Utah..................................................... 251 241 257 249 246 239 4.1 0.5 .5

Underground .................................. 251 241 257 249 246 239 4.1 .5 .5

Virginia ............................................... 260 254 245 246 253 227 2.3 .7 1.5

Underground .................................. 258 254 243 245 256 228 1.5 .2 1.4

Surface ........................................... 266 255 251 247 241 220 4.2 2.5 2.1

Washington......................................... 231 262 263 252 231 255 −11.7 * −1.1

Surface ........................................... 231 262 263 252 231 255 −11.7 * −1.1

West Virginia Total........................... 272 255 252 227 246 235 6.9 2.6 1.6

Underground .................................. 257 244 244 217 243 235 5.3 1.4 1.0

Surface ........................................... 306 278 270 248 255 234 10.0 4.7 3.0

Northern .......................................... 263 242 246 194 235 243 8.7 2.9 .9

Underground .................................. 261 237 242 175 235 246 9.9 2.6 .6

Surface ........................................... 284 283 278 271 236 226 .6 4.7 2.6

Southern........................................... 276 260 255 238 251 230 6.1 2.3 2.0

Underground .................................. 255 248 246 235 248 228 2.8 .7 1.2

Surface ........................................... 308 277 268 243 258 236 11.1 4.6 3.0

Wyoming............................................. 351 352 341 345 339 316 −.2 .9 1.2

Underground .................................. 248 245 243 258 238 208 1.2 1.0 2.0

Surface ........................................... 352 353 342 346 341 316 −.1 .8 1.2

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 266 254 253 243 250 236 4.8 1.5 1.3

Underground .................................. 259 249 248 235 247 232 3.9 1.2 1.2

Surface ........................................... 279 261 262 257 256 243 6.7 2.2 1.5

Interior Total1 ................................... 299 291 290 280 289 255 2.8 .8 1.8

Underground .................................. 278 266 267 236 265 252 4.5 1.2 1.1

Surface ........................................... 312 308 304 302 304 257 1.4 .6 2.2

Western Total1 .................................. 330 326 319 320 316 289 1.3 1.1 1.5

Underground .................................. 276 259 267 261 252 241 6.6 2.3 1.5

Surface ........................................... 337 334 325 327 323 293 .8 1.1 1.5

East of Miss. River............................ 267 256 256 243 253 239 4.6 1.4 1.2

Underground .................................. 262 253 252 235 250 236 3.9 1.2 1.2

Surface ........................................... 277 261 262 256 257 245 5.8 1.8 1.4

West of Miss. River........................... 332 328 321 323 320 285 1.3 .9 1.7

Underground .................................. 276 259 267 261 252 240 6.6 2.3 1.5

Surface ........................................... 338 335 327 329 326 288 .8 .9 1.8

U.S. Total............................................ 298 290 285 280 280 256 2.7 1.5 1.7

Underground .................................. 264 253 253 238 251 236 4.2 1.3 1.2

Surface ........................................... 319 313 305 304 301 270 2.0 1.4 1.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

80 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1996

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ......................................... 268 278 280 261 237 176 267

Alaska ............................................ 239 − − −−− 239

Arizona .......................................... 281 − − −−− 281

Colorado ........................................ 326 225 271 218 − − 316

Illinois ............................................ 278 263 207 277 211 196 276

Indiana ........................................... 292 256 253 175 64 119 276

Kansas ............................................ − − 246 −−− 246

Kentucky Total.............................. 286 278 246 203 166 125 261

Eastern ........................................ 290 276 249 204 172 127 258

Western ....................................... 280 283 217 201 78 102 270

Louisiana ....................................... 323 250 − −−− 305

Maryland ........................................ 273 − 213 291 208 258 261

Missouri ......................................... − − 300 304 229 204 290

Montana ......................................... 325 230 245 223 − − 322

New Mexico.................................. 275 − − −−− 275

North Dakota................................. 314 − − −−− 314

Ohio ............................................... 271 283 269 225 231 172 264

Oklahoma ...................................... − − 306 288 − 214 296

Pennsylvania Total........................ 275 265 270 261 243 221 268

Anthracite ................................... − 261 296 278 259 220 269

Bituminous ................................. 275 265 264 259 239 221 268

Tennessee ...................................... − 247 254 192 325 211 243

Texas .............................................. 353 55 301 −−− 349

Utah ............................................... 253 212 − −−− 251

Virginia .......................................... 246 306 273 234 219 173 260

Washington .................................... 235 − − 141 − − 231

West Virginia Total ...................... 289 276 238 209 192 141 272

Northern ...................................... 268 264 251 248 237 167 263

Southern ...................................... 301 278 236 198 178 131 276

Wyoming ....................................... 352 280 189 88 − 239 351

Appalachian Total2..................... 282 278 253 223 204 170 266

Interior Total2 ............................. 310 264 245 241 110 139 299

Western Total2 ............................ 332 239 255 181 − 239 330

East of Miss. River...................... 282 277 251 222 201 169 267

West of Miss. River..................... 334 224 278 237 229 216 332

U.S. Total...................................... 314 274 252 223 201 169 298

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 81 
Table 54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama............................................... 1.83 1.24 1.96 − 1.95

Colorado .............................................. 3.93 4.30 8.13 − 6.67

Illinois .................................................. 3.77 2.89 4.62 − 4.10

Indiana ................................................. 3.09 − − − 3.09

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.58 2.60 4.44 1.66 3.53

Eastern .............................................. 3.44 2.55 4.98 1.66 3.37

Western ............................................. 4.02 3.42 4.18 − 4.05

Maryland .............................................. 4.35 − 4.88 − 4.82

Montana ............................................... 3.50 − − − 3.50

Ohio ..................................................... 4.01 − 4.21 − 4.19

Oklahoma............................................. 1.75 − − − 1.75

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.50 2.39 4.74 .87 3.74

Anthracite .......................................... 1.03 .85 − .87 .94

Bituminous........................................ 2.54 2.59 4.74 − 3.81

Tennessee ............................................. 1.76 2.50 − − 1.76

Utah...................................................... 4.58 2.82 7.91 − 7.24

Virginia ................................................ 2.22 2.19 3.19 − 2.44

West Virginia Total............................. 3.28 3.02 3.99 3.36 3.50

Northern ............................................ 3.41 2.70 4.23 3.36 3.98

Southern ............................................ 3.25 3.06 3.58 − 3.29

Wyoming ............................................. − − 9.18 − 9.18

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 3.08 2.66 3.64 1.80 3.24

Interior Total5 ................................... 3.80 3.27 4.48 − 4.01

Western Total5 .................................. 4.14 3.00 8.05 − 7.09

East of Miss. River............................ 3.23 2.68 3.75 1.80 3.36

West of Miss. River........................... 4.00 3.00 8.06 − 7.03

U.S. Total............................................ 3.26 2.70 4.18 2.30 3.57

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across the mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand

alone mines. Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these

data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

82 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Underground Coalbed Thickness Surface Total (inches) Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4

< 7......................................... − − − − 3.85 3.85

7-12 ......................................... − − − − 4.69 4.69

13-18 ....................................... − − − − 5.06 5.06

19-24 ....................................... − 1.53 − 1.82 5.03 4.97

25-30 ....................................... 2.55 2.35 − − 4.48 4.19

31-36 ....................................... 3.11 3.16 − 1.69 4.99 4.23

37-42 ....................................... 3.32 2.59 − − 5.13 4.24

43-48 ....................................... 3.31 3.01 2.99 − 5.78 4.49

49-54 ....................................... 4.02 3.20 2.77 − 6.23 4.71

55-60 ....................................... 4.14 3.60 3.53 − 5.71 4.63

61-66 ....................................... 3.43 2.95 5.73 − 6.00 5.11

67-72 ....................................... 3.96 2.82 3.11 4.08 5.98 4.48

73-78 ....................................... 4.23 − 3.89 − 7.07 4.76

79-84 ....................................... 5.09 4.44 4.38 − 6.85 5.37

85-90 ....................................... 7.77 − 6.23 − 6.22 6.27

91-96 ....................................... 4.83 2.41 4.19 1.22 5.25 4.58

97-102 ..................................... 3.64 − 5.76 − 7.14 6.32

103-108 ................................... 4.36 − 6.80 − 12.10 8.19

109-114 ................................... − − 7.61 − 4.82 6.10

115-120 ................................... 6.29 − 6.63 − 5.59 6.10

> 120................................... 4.46 2.15 9.77 − 19.16 17.89

U.S. Total5 ............................. 3.26 2.70 4.18 2.30 9.05 5.69

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 83 
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama.............................................. 2.20 2.01 2.72 3.40 3.41 2.94 2.20

Underground .................................. 2.13 1.31 − − 1.30 − 1.95

Surface ........................................... 3.72 4.35 2.72 3.40 3.95 2.94 3.50

Alaska.................................................. 6.81 − − − − − 6.81

Surface ........................................... 6.81 − − − − − 6.81

Arizona................................................ 6.56 − − − − − 6.30

Surface ........................................... 6.56 − − − − − 6.30

Colorado ............................................. 8.88 2.84 4.60 2.61 − − 7.32

Underground .................................. 8.99 2.84 3.84 2.61 − − 6.67

Surface ........................................... 8.73 − 9.61 −−− 8.76

Illinois.................................................. 4.43 3.51 3.98 2.89 7.18 1.11 4.18

Underground .................................. 4.31 3.19 3.76 2.89 − .27 4.10

Surface ........................................... 5.67 3.63 4.18 − 7.18 2.60 4.67

Indiana ................................................ 5.32 4.67 4.82 3.42 4.85 5.14 4.98

Underground .................................. 3.52 2.90 − − − − 3.09

Surface ........................................... 5.56 5.53 4.82 3.42 4.85 5.14 5.34

Kansas ................................................. − − 2.17 −−− 2.17

Surface ........................................... − − 2.17 −−− 2.17

Kentucky Total .................................. 4.97 4.67 4.14 3.13 2.73 2.58 3.80

Underground .................................. 4.75 4.40 3.87 2.90 2.39 2.24 3.53

Surface ........................................... 5.61 4.97 4.59 3.78 3.77 3.14 4.35

Eastern ............................................. 5.20 4.76 4.00 3.06 2.66 2.55 3.68

Underground .................................. 5.04 4.47 3.81 2.90 2.39 2.28 3.37

Surface ........................................... 5.45 5.12 4.35 3.66 3.53 3.03 4.23

Western............................................ 4.62 4.39 6.12 4.26 4.43 3.08 4.29

Underground .................................. 4.49 4.17 5.25 − 2.32 .92 4.05

Surface ........................................... 8.05 4.60 6.71 4.26 5.84 3.99 5.02

Louisiana ............................................ 10.72 11.35 − − − − 10.86

Surface ........................................... 10.72 11.35 − − − − 10.86

Maryland ............................................ 5.48 − 4.34 3.22 2.98 1.56 4.13

Underground .................................. 5.48 − 6.34 − − 1.89 4.82

Surface ........................................... − − 3.04 3.22 2.98 1.47 2.56

Missouri .............................................. − − 3.40 7.17 1.51 1.42 3.49

Surface ........................................... − − 3.40 7.17 1.51 1.42 3.49

Montana .............................................. 23.01 8.74 14.37 3.50 − − 21.88

Underground .................................. −−− 3.50 − − 3.50

Surface ........................................... 23.01 8.74 14.37 −−− 22.34

New Mexico ........................................ 8.45 − − − − − 8.45

Surface ........................................... 8.45 − − − − − 8.45

North Dakota ..................................... 17.26 − − − − − 17.20

Surface ........................................... 17.26 − − − − − 17.20

Ohio..................................................... 4.26 4.41 4.41 3.94 2.86 2.66 3.95

Underground .................................. 4.30 − 3.65 3.34 − − 4.19

Surface ........................................... 4.06 4.41 4.50 4.11 2.86 2.66 3.69

Oklahoma ........................................... − − 2.75 2.46 − 2.60 2.61

Underground .................................. −−− 1.75 − − 1.75

Surface ........................................... − − 2.75 2.70 − 2.60 2.73

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4.57 2.48 3.30 3.82 2.55 2.48 3.36

Underground .................................. 4.57 2.18 3.37 2.53 2.41 1.26 3.74

Surface ........................................... 4.59 3.03 3.25 4.10 2.57 2.76 2.72

Anthracite ........................................ − 9.14 3.58 3.49 1.74 1.99 1.92

Underground .................................. −−− 1.59 − 1.21 .94

Surface ........................................... − 9.14 3.58 5.66 1.74 2.24 2.06

Bituminous....................................... 4.57 2.31 3.24 3.86 2.90 2.77 3.56

Underground .................................. 4.57 2.18 3.37 3.00 2.41 1.32 3.81

Surface ........................................... 4.59 2.56 3.12 4.00 3.02 3.02 2.97

Tennessee ............................................ − 4.15 2.64 2.48 1.58 1.53 2.20

Underground .................................. − − 2.25 2.25 1.58 1.27 1.76

Surface ........................................... − 4.15 3.32 3.41 − 1.83 2.91

Texas ................................................... 10.42 11.11 3.23 −−− 10.13

Surface ........................................... 10.42 11.11 3.23 −−− 10.13

Utah..................................................... 7.76 4.03 − − − − 7.23

Underground .................................. 7.76 4.03 − − − − 7.24

Surface ........................................... − − − − − − .00

Virginia ............................................... 3.55 4.46 3.09 2.68 2.18 2.04 2.72

Underground .................................. 3.55 3.71 2.76 2.59 2.07 1.90 2.44

Surface ........................................... − 4.99 4.06 3.04 3.36 3.44 3.79

See footnotes at end of table.

84 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1996

(Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Washington ......................................... 4.21 − − 1.63 − − 3.97

Surface ........................................... 4.21 − − 1.63 − − 3.97

West Virginia Total........................... 4.82 5.21 4.17 3.19 2.55 2.34 3.91

Underground .................................. 4.17 4.86 4.04 3.19 2.64 2.48 3.50

Surface ........................................... 6.88 6.12 4.57 3.16 2.22 2.10 5.18

Northern .......................................... 4.47 5.51 3.48 3.69 2.88 2.69 4.05

Underground .................................. 4.28 5.12 3.60 4.06 2.29 2.39 3.98

Surface ........................................... 9.70 7.28 3.10 3.16 4.15 3.11 4.72

Southern........................................... 5.04 5.17 4.31 3.07 2.47 2.23 3.86

Underground .................................. 4.08 4.83 4.13 3.04 2.71 2.50 3.29

Surface ........................................... 6.71 6.03 4.85 3.16 1.43 1.72 5.24

Wyoming ............................................. 33.26 5.34 10.52 9.52 − .50 32.06

Underground .................................. 9.18 − − − − − 9.18

Surface ........................................... 34.13 5.34 10.52 9.52 − .50 32.84

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 4.32 4.33 3.73 3.18 2.56 2.39 3.48

Underground .................................. 3.96 3.90 3.58 2.86 2.35 2.10 3.24

Surface ........................................... 6.06 4.98 3.99 3.71 2.91 2.65 4.05

Interior Total2 ................................... 6.01 4.53 4.37 3.44 3.71 2.27 5.39

Underground .................................. 4.34 3.72 4.68 2.17 2.32 .47 4.01

Surface ........................................... 8.37 5.06 4.32 3.71 4.04 3.28 6.89

Western Total2 .................................. 18.63 4.24 5.59 2.82 − .50 17.41

Underground .................................. 8.19 3.43 3.84 2.77 − − 7.09

Surface ........................................... 21.56 5.98 10.94 2.92 − .50 20.96

East of Miss. River............................ 4.41 4.34 3.82 3.20 2.60 2.38 3.63

Underground .................................. 4.05 3.87 3.60 2.86 2.35 2.05 3.36

Surface ........................................... 5.94 4.93 4.15 3.73 3.00 2.69 4.25

West of Miss. River........................... 17.08 4.90 3.72 2.93 1.51 1.26 15.66

Underground .................................. 8.19 3.43 3.84 2.51 − − 7.03

Surface ........................................... 19.00 7.28 3.68 3.26 1.51 1.26 17.89

U.S. Total............................................ 8.13 4.36 3.82 3.18 2.59 2.37 5.69

Underground ..................................... 4.40 3.85 3.61 2.85 2.35 2.05 3.57

Surface .............................................. 14.34 5.04 4.11 3.69 2.97 2.65 9.05

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 85 
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1996

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 2.03 − 2.03 2.71 2.20

Underground .................................. 1.89 − 1.89 2.21 1.95

Surface ........................................... 3.55 − 3.55 3.48 3.50

Alaska.................................................. − 6.81 6.81 − 6.81

Surface ........................................... − 6.81 6.81 − 6.81

Arizona ................................................ 6.30 − 6.30 − 6.30

Surface ........................................... 6.30 − 6.30 − 6.30

Colorado ............................................. 4.78 7.92 5.78 7.79 7.32

Underground .................................. 2.77 − 2.77 7.39 6.67

Surface ........................................... 8.90 7.92 8.32 9.05 8.76

Illinois.................................................. 4.05 4.33 4.08 4.56 4.18

Underground .................................. 3.91 4.28 3.95 4.57 4.10

Surface ........................................... 4.71 4.55 4.70 4.36 4.67

Indiana ................................................ 5.18 − 5.18 4.79 4.98

Underground .................................. 2.80 − 2.80 3.23 3.09

Surface ........................................... 5.48 − 5.48 5.20 5.34

Kansas ................................................. 2.17 − 2.17 − 2.17

Surface ........................................... 2.17 − 2.17 − 2.17

Kentucky Total .................................. 4.25 3.74 4.23 3.74 3.80

Underground .................................. 4.00 2.67 3.97 3.45 3.53

Surface ........................................... 5.44 4.58 5.33 4.28 4.35

Eastern ............................................. 4.66 3.74 4.59 3.60 3.68

Underground .................................. 4.28 2.67 4.20 3.30 3.37

Surface ........................................... 5.79 4.58 5.58 4.15 4.23

Western ............................................ 3.89 − 3.89 4.47 4.29

Underground .................................. 3.80 − 3.80 4.20 4.05

Surface ........................................... 4.68 − 4.68 5.07 5.02

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 10.86 10.86

Surface ........................................... − − − 10.86 10.86

Maryland ............................................ − − − 4.13 4.13

Underground .................................. − − − 4.82 4.82

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.56 2.56

Missouri .............................................. − − − 3.49 3.49

Surface ........................................... − − − 3.49 3.49

Montana.............................................. 19.79 20.38 20.04 30.70 21.88

Underground .................................. − − − 3.50 3.50

Surface ........................................... 19.79 20.38 20.04 35.16 22.34

New Mexico ........................................ 8.91 7.68 8.05 11.00 8.45

Surface ........................................... 8.91 7.68 8.05 11.00 8.45

North Dakota ..................................... 13.42 17.14 15.55 17.81 17.20

Surface ........................................... 13.42 17.14 15.55 17.81 17.20

Ohio ..................................................... 4.14 − 4.14 3.75 3.95

Underground .................................. 4.25 − 4.25 3.73 4.19

Surface ........................................... 3.32 − 3.32 3.76 3.69

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 2.61 2.61

Underground .................................. − − − 1.75 1.75

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.73 2.73

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 2.76 1.38 2.76 3.90 3.36

Underground .................................. 2.98 − 2.97 5.11 3.74

Surface ........................................... 1.45 2.06 1.47 3.00 2.72

Anthracite ........................................ .98 2.07 1.01 2.62 1.92

Underground .................................. − − − .95 .94

Surface ........................................... .98 2.57 1.02 3.09 2.06

Bituminous ....................................... 2.98 − 2.97 4.08 3.56

Underground .................................. 2.98 − 2.97 5.40 3.81

Surface ........................................... 2.98 − 2.92 2.98 2.97

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 2.20 2.20

Underground .................................. − − − 1.76 1.76

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.91 2.91

Texas ................................................... − 9.71 9.71 11.03 10.13

Surface ........................................... − 9.71 9.71 11.03 10.13

Utah ..................................................... 7.05 − 7.05 7.32 7.23

Underground .................................. 7.05 − 7.05 7.33 7.24

Surface ........................................... − − − − −

Virginia ............................................... 2.90 4.76 3.00 2.64 2.72

Underground .................................. 2.97 − 2.97 2.29 2.44

Surface ........................................... 1.93 4.76 3.29 3.86 3.79

Washington......................................... − 4.21 4.21 1.63 3.97

Surface ........................................... − 4.21 4.21 1.63 3.97

West Virginia Total........................... 3.54 − 3.52 4.44 3.91

Underground .................................. 3.13 − 3.13 4.13 3.50

Surface ........................................... 5.43 − 5.33 5.07 5.18

See footnotes at end of table.

86 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1996 (Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 4.20 − 4.20 3.77 4.05

Underground .................................. 4.20 − 4.20 3.33 3.98

Surface ........................................... − − − 4.74 4.72

Southern ........................................... 3.26 − 3.24 4.61 3.86

Underground .................................. 2.53 − 2.52 4.34 3.29

Surface ........................................... 5.44 − 5.34 5.15 5.24

Wyoming ............................................. 5.98 10.17 8.38 37.97 32.06

Underground .................................. − − − 9.18 9.18

Surface ........................................... 5.98 10.17 8.38 39.22 32.84

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.21 3.15 3.21 3.66 3.48

Underground .................................. 3.01 2.21 3.00 3.47 3.24

Surface ........................................... 4.40 3.42 4.35 3.97 4.05

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.25 8.76 5.38 5.39 5.39

Underground .................................. 3.85 4.28 3.87 4.20 4.01

Surface ........................................... 5.11 9.51 7.19 6.55 6.89

Western Total1 .................................. 8.69 9.44 9.03 24.01 17.41

Underground .................................. 6.12 − 6.12 7.43 7.09

Surface ........................................... 9.68 9.44 9.55 32.54 20.96

East of Miss. River............................ 3.43 3.88 3.44 3.78 3.63

Underground .................................. 3.15 3.97 3.16 3.56 3.36

Surface ........................................... 4.67 3.73 4.63 4.12 4.25

West of Miss. River........................... 8.57 9.55 9.15 21.40 15.66

Underground .................................. 6.12 − 6.12 7.34 7.03

Surface ........................................... 9.50 9.55 9.54 27.05 17.89

U.S. Total............................................ 3.87 8.83 4.49 6.61 5.69

Underground ..................................... 3.24 3.97 3.25 3.88 3.57

Surface .............................................. 5.99 9.22 7.17 10.09 9.05

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 87 
Distribution

The amount of U.S. coal distributed during 1996

reached a record 1,059.9 million short tons, 2.9

percent more than the 1,030.3 million short tons distributed during 1995. Compared with 1995, distribution of U.S. coal to domestic consumers rose 2.9

percent to 968 million short tons, while foreign distribution rose 2.5 to 92.2 million short tons.

Texas was the leading destination for U.S. coal distributed domestically during 1996 with shipments

totaling 95.4 million short tons, representing 9.9

percent of the total domestic distributions. Fifty-two

percent of the U.S. coal distributed in Texas during

1996 was indigenous, with virtually all of the

remainder arriving from Wyoming and Colorado.

Other major destination States included Indiana, Ohio,

and Pennsylvania, which collectively received 183.6

million short tons, or 19 percent of total 1996

domestic distributions. As with distributions in Texas,

a substantial portion of the coal distributed in these

three States was indigenous.

West Virginia was the leading source of U.S. coal distributed abroad during 1996, with foreign shipments

totaling 42 million short tons, representing 45.6

percent of total foreign distributions. Other leading

sources of U.S. coal distributed abroad during 1996

were Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky. Collectively, foreign distributions of coal mined in these

three States totaled 31.8 million short tons,

accounting for 34.5 percent of the U.S. coal shipped

abroad during 1996.

Rail continued to be the primary method of transporting the U.S. coal distributed domestically during

1996, accounting for 611.7 million short tons or 63

percent of domestic coal shipments. Coal transported

by water (including shipment by river, shipments on

the Great Lakes, and shipments through tidewater

ports) accounted for 247.9 million short tons or 23.4

percent of the U.S. coal distributed. Distributions of

coal by truck totaled 99.9 million short tons while distributions by tramway and conveyor totaled 98.9

million short tons.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 89 
Figure 8. Coal Distribution, 1987-1996

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Foreign

Residential/Commercial

Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Electric Generation

Total Distribution

90 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996

Alabama ..................................................... 24,636 25,159 23,750 25,556 25,491 −2.1 −0.8

Alaska......................................................... 1,473 1,670 1,505 1,598 1,531 −11.8 −1.0

Arizona....................................................... 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 −6.9 −3.0

Arkansas..................................................... 7 11 28 25 32 −39.2 −32.0

California ................................................... − − − − 142 − −

Colorado..................................................... 25,405 25,635 24,810 21,465 18,864 −.9 7.7

Illinois ........................................................ 47,076 47,869 51,973 42,000 58,913 −1.7 −5.4

Indiana........................................................ 29,674 25,695 30,684 29,664 31,393 15.5 −1.4

Iowa............................................................ − − 46 175 287 − −

Kansas ........................................................ 245 291 282 345 354 −15.9 −8.8

Kentucky Total .......................................... 152,891 151,466 159,130 160,395 161,860 .9 −1.4

Eastern..................................................... 117,404 117,831 124,257 125,041 120,186 −.4 −.6

Western ................................................... 35,487 33,635 34,873 35,354 41,674 5.5 −3.9

Louisiana.................................................... 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 −6.0 .1

Maryland .................................................... 4,199 3,570 3,460 3,572 3,480 17.6 4.8

Missouri ..................................................... 846 464 679 638 2,795 82.3 −25.8

Montana ..................................................... 38,288 39,620 41,916 35,916 38,866 −3.4 −.4

New Mexico............................................... 25,043 26,154 28,570 27,942 24,827 −4.3 .2

North Dakota ............................................. 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 −.3 −1.3

Ohio............................................................ 28,881 24,345 28,749 28,315 29,550 18.6 −.6

Oklahoma ................................................... 2,216 2,158 1,925 2,309 1,954 2.7 3.2

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 69,128 62,240 61,508 58,990 67,649 11.1 .5

Anthracite................................................ 4,836 3,994 4,700 3,331 3,554 21.1 8.0

Bituminous .............................................. 64,291 58,246 56,808 55,659 64,095 10.4 .1

Tennessee ................................................... 3,052 2,627 2,547 2,577 2,837 16.2 1.8

Texas .......................................................... 49,655 52,832 52,256 54,224 54,447 −6.0 −2.3

Utah............................................................ 23,868 25,521 23,225 22,243 21,052 −6.5 3.2

Virginia ...................................................... 36,208 34,024 38,548 41,639 45,728 6.4 −5.7

Washington ................................................ 4,569 4,863 4,877 4,714 5,283 −6.1 −3.6

West Virginia Total ................................... 169,200 165,187 158,985 135,818 163,723 2.4 .8

Northern .................................................. 46,436 42,615 45,535 37,100 50,646 9.0 −2.1

Southern .................................................. 122,764 122,572 113,449 98,718 113,077 .2 2.1

Wyoming.................................................... 279,117 263,601 235,540 211,713 190,260 5.9 10.0

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 452,707 434,984 441,805 421,508 458,645 4.1 −.3

Interior Total1.......................................... 168,427 166,380 176,208 167,836 195,057 1.2 −3.6

Western Total1......................................... 438,758 428,966 404,510 370,102 344,945 2.3 6.2

East of Miss. River .................................. 564,944 542,182 559,334 528,525 590,624 4.2 −1.1

West of Miss. River ................................. 494,948 488,148 463,190 430,920 408,023 1.4 4.9

U.S. Total .................................................. 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 2.9 1.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: See Technical Note 1 for the difference between production and distribution. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 91 
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996

Domestic

Alabama ..................................................... 19,772 19,127 19,220 19,668 19,560 3.4 0.3

Alaska......................................................... 697 815 789 855 797 −14.5 −3.3

Arizona....................................................... 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 −6.9 −3.0

Arkansas..................................................... 7 11 28 25 29 −39.2 −30.4

California ................................................... − − − − 142 − −

Colorado..................................................... 23,990 24,734 24,059 20,338 18,195 −3.0 7.2

Illinois ........................................................ 45,190 45,170 51,737 41,330 57,670 * −5.9

Indiana........................................................ 29,664 25,625 30,477 29,475 31,216 15.8 −1.3

Iowa............................................................ − − 46 175 287 − −

Kansas ........................................................ 245 291 282 345 354 −15.9 −8.8

Kentucky Total .......................................... 143,748 141,771 151,963 150,874 147,825 1.4 −.7

Eastern..................................................... 108,927 108,781 117,234 115,723 106,372 .1 .6

Western ................................................... 34,821 32,990 34,729 35,151 41,453 5.5 −4.3

Louisiana.................................................... 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 −6.0 .1

Maryland .................................................... 3,555 3,382 3,277 3,278 3,246 5.1 2.3

Missouri ..................................................... 846 464 679 638 2,795 82.3 −25.8

Montana ..................................................... 37,770 39,362 41,672 35,795 38,804 −4.0 −.7

New Mexico............................................... 25,035 25,640 28,540 27,942 24,823 −2.4 .2

North Dakota ............................................. 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 −.3 −1.3

Ohio............................................................ 28,609 24,318 28,688 28,315 29,549 17.6 −.8

Oklahoma ................................................... 2,136 2,158 1,925 2,297 1,940 −1.0 2.4

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 59,882 53,961 55,207 53,482 61,208 11.0 −.5

Anthracite................................................ 4,330 3,497 4,346 3,015 3,230 23.8 7.6

Bituminous .............................................. 55,552 50,464 50,861 50,467 57,979 10.1 −1.1

Tennessee ................................................... 3,052 2,627 2,547 2,577 2,835 16.2 1.9

Texas .......................................................... 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 −6.2 −2.3

Utah............................................................ 18,563 21,591 20,527 19,283 18,792 −14.0 −.3

Virginia ...................................................... 22,776 24,283 26,866 27,388 28,504 −6.2 −5.4

Washington ................................................ 4,526 4,756 4,731 4,621 5,020 −4.8 −2.6

West Virginia Total ................................... 127,156 120,866 122,779 102,659 112,917 5.2 3.0

Northern .................................................. 40,398 36,073 39,985 34,573 44,093 12.0 −2.2

Southern .................................................. 86,757 84,793 82,794 68,086 68,824 2.3 6.0

Wyoming.................................................... 276,723 261,333 234,016 210,739 188,983 5.9 10.0

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 373,728 357,344 375,819 353,089 364,191 4.6 .6

Interior Total1.......................................... 165,668 162,947 175,622 166,763 193,400 1.7 −3.8

Western Total1......................................... 428,297 420,132 398,402 364,083 339,676 1.9 6.0

East of Miss. River .................................. 483,402 461,128 492,762 459,045 494,530 4.8 −.6

West of Miss. River ................................. 484,291 479,294 457,081 424,890 402,737 1.0 4.7

U.S. Total .................................................. 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 2.9 1.9

Foreign

Alabama ..................................................... 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 −19.4 −4.8

Alaska......................................................... 776 855 716 743 734 −9.2 1.4

Arkansas..................................................... − − − − 3 − −

Colorado ..................................................... 1,415 900 752 1,128 669 57.2 20.6

Illinois ........................................................ 1,886 2,699 236 670 1,242 −30.1 11.0

Indiana........................................................ 11 70 206 188 177 −84.7 −50.4

Kentucky Total .......................................... 9,143 9,695 7,167 9,521 14,036 −5.7 −10.2

Eastern..................................................... 8,477 9,051 7,023 9,318 13,815 −6.3 −11.5

Western ................................................... 666 645 144 204 221 3.3 31.8

Maryland .................................................... 645 188 184 295 234 242.0 28.8

Montana ..................................................... 518 259 243 121 62 100.2 70.2

New Mexico............................................... 9 514 30 − 5 −98.3 16.5

Ohio ............................................................ 271 28 61 − 2 NM 257.2

Oklahoma ................................................... 80 − − 11 14 − 54.5

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 9,246 8,279 6,301 5,508 6,440 11.7 9.5

Anthracite................................................ 506 497 354 316 324 1.9 11.8

Bituminous .............................................. 8,740 7,782 5,947 5,192 6,116 12.3 9.3

Tennessee ................................................... − − − − 2 − −

Texas .......................................................... 117 20 − − − 494.0 −

Utah............................................................ 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 35.0 23.8

Virginia ...................................................... 13,432 9,742 11,683 14,251 17,224 37.9 −6.0

Washington ................................................ 43 107 146 94 264 −59.8 −36.4

West Virginia Total ................................... 42,044 44,321 36,205 33,159 50,806 −5.1 −4.6

Northern .................................................. 6,038 6,542 5,550 2,527 6,553 −7.7 −2.0

Southern .................................................. 36,006 37,779 30,655 30,632 44,254 −4.7 −5.0

Wyoming .................................................... 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 5.5 17.0

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996

Foreign

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 78,979 77,640 65,986 68,419 94,454 1.7 −4.4

Interior Total1.......................................... 2,759 3,433 586 1,073 1,657 −19.6 13.6

Western Total1......................................... 10,460 8,834 6,108 6,018 5,269 18.4 18.7

East of Miss. River .................................. 81,542 81,054 66,572 69,481 96,094 .6 −4.0

West of Miss. River ................................. 10,657 8,854 6,108 6,030 5,286 20.4 19.2

U.S. Total .................................................. 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 2.5 −2.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Table 60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1996

Company Name

Top Ten Distributors

Atlantic Richfield Co. Kerr-McGee Coal Corp.

A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. Kiewit Coal Properties

Consol Energy Inc. North American Coal Corp.

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. Peabody Holding Co.

Kennecott Energy Co. Zeigler Coal Holding Co.

Other Major Distributors

Addington Enterprises Inc. Knife River Coal Mining

AEP Service Corp. Mapco Coal Co.

Aluminum Co. of America Marigold Land Corp.

American Coal Sales, Inc. Montana Power Co.

American Metals & Coal Monterey Coal Co.

AMVEST Minerals Mincorp, Inc.

Andalex Resources Inc. Minnesota Power & Light

Anker Energy Corp. Orion Resources Inc.

Arch Mineral Corp. Pacificorp Electric

Ashland Coal Inc. Pardee Coal Co., Inc.

BHP Minerals Int ’l Pen Holdings

Black Beauty Coal Co. Phibro Energy Inc.

Blue Diamond Coal Co. Quaker Coal Co.

Central Coal Co. Rochester & Pittsburgh Co.

Chevron Corp. San Miguel Electric CoOp.

Coal Arbed Int ’l Trading Co. Smoky Mountain Coal

Costain America Inc. Sun Coal Co.

Dolet Hills Mining Venture Teco Coal Corp.

Drummond Co. Texas Utilities Co.

Electric Fuels Corp. The Coastal Corp.

General Dynamics Corp. The Pittston Co.

Golden Oak Mining Co. United Coal Co.

James River Coal Co. USX Corp.

Jim Walter Resources, Inc. Westmoreland Coal Co.

Kindill Mining Wyodak Resources Dev ’t.

Notes: The top 10 distribution companies accounted for 51 percent of the total distribution. Companies are listed in alphabetical order to ensure

nondisclosure of company data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 93 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Appalachian Total ................................... 373,728 357,344 375,819 353,089 364,191 4.6 0.6

Alabama ................................................. 19,772 19,127 19,220 19,668 19,560 3.4 .3

Middle Atlantic.................................... 579 616 496 492 228 −6.0 26.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 579 616 496 492 228 −6.0 26.3

East North Central ............................... 108 − − − −− −

Indiana............................................... 57 − − − −− −

Ohio................................................... 51 − − − −− −

West North Central.............................. * −−− 1 − −17.9

Minnesota.......................................... * − − − −− −

Missouri............................................. * − − − −− −

South Dakota..................................... − − − − 1 − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 385 253 89 207 287 52.1 7.7

Florida ............................................... 8 115 85 202 185 −92.7 −53.8

Georgia .............................................. 373 134 * 1 102 178.4 38.3

North Carolina .................................. 4 − − − −− −

South Carolina .................................. − 4 3 4 − −100.0 −

East South Central ............................... 18,628 18,182 18,484 18,851 18,918 2.4 −.4

Alabama ............................................ 18,503 18,024 18,351 18,716 18,849 2.7 −.5

Kentucky ........................................... 15 − − − −− −

Mississippi......................................... 110 156 129 132 68 −29.5 12.7

Tennessee .......................................... 1 2 4 3 * −65.5 21.3

West South Central.............................. 39 24 63 18 33 57.8 3.9

Arkansas ............................................ 39 24 60 9 12 57.8 33.2

Texas ................................................. − − 3 8 21 − −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................ 108,927 108,781 117,234 115,723 106,372 .1 .6

New England ....................................... 1,337 1,764 1,447 1,106 2,337 −24.2 −13.0

Connecticut ....................................... 659 811 787 576 837 −18.7 −5.8

Maine................................................. 271 258 433 380 771 5.3 −23.0

Massachusetts .................................... 407 695 227 71 729 −41.5 −13.6

New Hampshire ................................ −−− 79 −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 3,977 4,145 4,522 3,679 3,901 −4.0 .5

New Jersey........................................ 29 381 63 61 204 −92.3 −38.5

New York.......................................... 1,227 996 1,288 1,188 1,288 23.2 −1.2

Pennsylvania ..................................... 2,721 2,767 3,171 2,429 2,409 −1.7 3.1

East North Central ............................... 20,340 22,832 24,669 25,309 21,902 −10.9 −1.8

Illinois ............................................... 1,478 1,442 1,555 2,333 1,575 2.5 −1.6

Indiana............................................... 1,962 2,397 2,109 2,074 2,645 −18.1 −7.2

Michigan ........................................... 6,671 6,977 9,524 8,857 8,083 −4.4 −4.7

Ohio................................................... 9,490 11,200 10,532 11,294 8,648 −15.3 2.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 738 816 949 751 951 −9.5 −6.1

West North Central.............................. 889 611 564 482 444 45.4 19.0

Iowa................................................... 439 160 40 25 65 174.5 61.4

Kansas ............................................... − − − − 5 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 135 211 172 124 125 −36.1 2.0

Missouri............................................. 315 238 351 334 249 32.5 6.0

Nebraska............................................ − 3 − − − −100.0 −

South Dakota..................................... − − 1 − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 63,554 57,820 60,914 57,532 52,997 9.9 4.6

Delaware ........................................... − − 37 27 −− −

District of Columbia ......................... − − 13 16 18 − −

Florida ............................................... 14,015 12,121 12,069 11,311 12,584 15.6 2.7

Georgia.............................................. 14,689 15,803 15,649 14,163 11,770 −7.0 5.7

Maryland ........................................... 105 29 423 958 296 265.6 −22.8

North Carolina .................................. 17,240 12,902 13,590 13,491 12,517 33.6 8.3

South Carolina .................................. 11,417 10,007 11,443 9,962 9,847 14.1 3.8

Virginia ............................................. 5,662 6,129 6,539 6,672 5,246 −7.6 1.9

West Virginia.................................... 426 829 1,151 932 721 −48.6 −12.3

East South Central ............................... 18,182 20,332 22,813 26,008 22,917 −10.6 −5.6

Alabama ............................................ 727 1,434 2,402 2,320 2,703 −49.3 −28.0

Kentucky ........................................... 9,326 9,653 10,317 10,145 10,486 −3.4 −2.9

Mississippi......................................... 928 815 1,006 1,731 1,616 13.8 −12.9

Tennessee .......................................... 7,202 8,430 9,088 11,811 8,112 −14.6 −2.9

West South Central.............................. 71 513 802 104 95 −86.1 −7.1

Arkansas ............................................ − − * − −− −

Louisiana ........................................... 44 500 791 104 95 −91.2 −17.6

Oklahoma .......................................... 2 4 − − − −62.3 −

Texas ................................................. 26 8 10 − − 201.0 −

Mountain .............................................. − 2 10 − 2 −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

94 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued)

Idaho.................................................. − 2 − − 2 −100.0 −

Wyoming........................................... − − 10 − −− −

Pacific ................................................... 24 15 15 4 − 58.9 −

Oregon ............................................... 24 15 15 4 − 58.9 −

Maryland................................................ 3,555 3,382 3,277 3,278 3,246 5.1 2.3

New England ....................................... 3 32 − 11 − −90.2 −

Connecticut ....................................... 3 32 − − − −90.9 −

Massachusetts .................................... * − − 11 −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 4 45 − 19 6 −91.9 −11.7

New York.......................................... − − − − 4 − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... 4 45 − 19 2 −91.9 11.4

East North Central ............................... 19 − − − −− −

Michigan ........................................... 15 − − − −− −

Wisconsin.......................................... 3 − − − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,518 3,297 3,277 3,230 3,166 6.7 2.7

Delaware ........................................... 130 97 125 37 − 33.9 −

Maryland ........................................... 1,147 1,216 1,034 820 1,159 −5.7 −.2

Virginia ............................................. 27 12 1 − 1 119.9 111.4

West Virginia.................................... 2,213 1,971 2,116 2,373 2,006 12.3 2.5

Ohio ........................................................ 28,609 24,318 28,688 28,315 29,549 17.6 −.8

New England ....................................... − − * 17 4 − −

Connecticut ....................................... − − **1 − −

Massachusetts .................................... −−− 17 4 − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 1,168 1,568 2,443 1,388 556 −25.5 20.4

New York.......................................... 125 25 124 52 47 400.3 27.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,043 1,543 2,318 1,336 508 −32.4 19.7

East North Central ............................... 25,201 20,912 24,810 25,119 27,497 20.5 −2.2

Illinois ............................................... 5 − 17 * 2 − 20.2

Indiana............................................... 464 243 345 274 134 91.1 36.3

Michigan ........................................... 246 431 522 474 419 −43.0 −12.5

Ohio................................................... 24,478 20,228 23,907 24,370 26,941 21.0 −2.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 9 10 18 − − −9.1 −

West North Central.............................. − 10 33 83 − −100.0 −

Iowa................................................... − − 15 67 −− −

Missouri............................................. − 10 18 16 − −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 2,036 1,620 971 1,041 1,385 25.7 10.1

Delaware ........................................... − − 29 48 −− −

West Virginia.................................... 2,036 1,620 942 993 1,385 25.7 10.1

East South Central ............................... 137 53 130 261 − 160.5 −

Alabama ............................................ 103 18 37 151 − 468.5 −

Kentucky ........................................... 30 14 93 29 − 118.8 −

Tennessee .......................................... 4 21 − 81 − −82.9 −

West South Central.............................. −−−− * − −

Louisiana ........................................... − − − − * − −

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite........................................... 4,330 3,497 4,346 3,015 3,230 23.8 7.6

New England ....................................... 31 37 54 64 73 −15.6 −19.0

Connecticut ....................................... 5 8 11 13 14 −34.1 −20.9

Maine................................................. 4 3 6 8 12 22.9 −25.0

Massachusetts.................................... 14 16 20 24 22 −12.7 −11.3

New Hampshire ................................ 4 5 8 10 14 −24.7 −28.6

Rhode Island ..................................... 3 3 3 3 5 21.2 −9.6

Vermont............................................. 2 3 5 6 7 −39.0 −28.9

Middle Atlantic.................................... 3,985 2,922 3,227 2,618 2,916 36.4 8.1

New Jersey........................................ 14 15 17 20 17 −7.1 −5.4

New York.......................................... 151 140 121 179 215 7.8 −8.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 3,821 2,768 3,089 2,420 2,685 38.0 9.2

East North Central ............................... 41 37 36 39 40 9.3 .2

Illinois ............................................... 7 9 8 14 8 −21.7 −3.4

Indiana............................................... 6 6 4 5 5 9.6 6.2

Michigan ........................................... 3 9 2 * 1 −67.3 21.0

Ohio................................................... 19 8 21 19 26 137.7 −6.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 5 6 2 1 * −11.2 215.3

West North Central.............................. 64 46 31 34 35 38.5 15.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 95 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite (Continued)

Iowa................................................... 54 39 26 28 27 39.3 18.5

Kansas ............................................... * − − * 6 − −63.6

Minnesota.......................................... 7 7 3 3 * −5.3 270.6

Missouri ............................................. * * 2 2 * −88.1 38.4

Nebraska ............................................ 1 * * 2 2 NM −21.2

North Dakota..................................... 2 * * * * NM 260.2

South Dakota..................................... − − * − * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 56 91 79 64 51 −38.7 2.3

Delaware ........................................... 10 11 11 11 7 −6.1 10.0

District of Columbia ......................... * * * * * −62.0 3.1

Florida ............................................... 6 9 8 6 7 −37.4 −4.1

Georgia .............................................. * * * * 1 −25.4 −23.9

Maryland ........................................... 1 27 6 4 3 −95.8 −22.4

North Carolina .................................. * * * * * −41.4 −6.2

South Carolina .................................. * 3 8 11 * −91.4 14.0

Virginia ............................................. 6 9 11 14 13 −35.2 −17.9

West Virginia.................................... 32 31 35 18 20 2.2 12.9

East South Central ............................... 50 44 28 34 42 14.3 4.8

Alabama ............................................ 2 1 1 3 6 58.3 −23.2

Kentucky ........................................... 22 21 12 18 24 5.2 −1.9

Mississippi......................................... * * * * * 17.9 −6.4

Tennessee .......................................... 26 22 15 14 12 20.2 22.1

West South Central.............................. 8 12 8 11 10 −34.7 −4.9

Arkansas ............................................ * * 1 * 4 14.3 −53.3

Louisiana ........................................... 6 10 3 8 * −38.8 132.1

Oklahoma .......................................... * * * * 1 20.7 −14.9

Texas ................................................. 1 2 3 3 5 −21.1 −30.2

Mountain .............................................. 21 13 18 3 * 60.9 162.1

Arizona.............................................. 1 * * * * NM 105.3

Colorado ............................................ 16 12 15 3 * 32.1 165.8

Idaho .................................................. * * 3 * − −94.8 −

Montana ............................................. 2 − * * −− −

Nevada............................................... * − − − −− −

New Mexico...................................... * * * * * −71.7 5.0

Utah ................................................... * * * * − −93.1 −

Wyoming........................................... 1 − * * * − 172.1

Pacific ................................................... 12 12 7 10 * 2.1 246.9

Alaska ................................................ − − * − −− −

California........................................... * * * * * NM 53.5

Oregon............................................... 12 12 7 9 − −1.4 −

Washington ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous.......................................... 55,552 50,464 50,861 50,467 57,979 10.1 −1.1

New England ....................................... 1,021 1,009 1,025 989 1,124 1.1 −2.4

Connecticut ....................................... 227 516 12 * 131 −56.0 14.8

Maine ................................................. − 32 24 2 19 −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... 202 4 292 330 294 NM −8.9

New Hampshire ................................ 592 458 698 656 681 29.3 −3.5

Vermont ............................................. * − − * −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 40,063 37,612 38,188 37,417 43,559 6.5 −2.1

New Jersey........................................ 538 558 537 153 15 −3.6 143.8

New York.......................................... 4,125 3,675 5,551 6,228 8,532 12.3 −16.6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 35,400 33,379 32,100 31,036 35,012 6.0 .3

East North Central ............................... 8,460 6,682 6,288 6,502 7,466 26.6 3.2

Illinois ............................................... − − 206 43 69 − −

Indiana............................................... 559 222 629 505 380 152.1 10.2

Michigan ........................................... 2,075 2,650 1,756 1,607 1,862 −21.7 2.7

Ohio................................................... 4,463 2,707 2,769 3,848 3,567 64.9 5.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,362 1,103 928 500 1,589 23.5 −3.8

West North Central.............................. 248 228 46 205 191 8.7 6.8

Iowa................................................... 225 227 46 103 162 −.9 8.5

Minnesota.......................................... 23 − − − 28 − −4.9

Missouri ............................................. − 1 − 102 1 −100.0 −

North Dakota..................................... −−− * −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,968 3,377 3,783 3,955 4,090 17.5 −.8

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous (Continued)

Delaware ........................................... 528 452 314 252 226 16.7 23.6

Florida ............................................... − − 135 − −− −

Maryland ........................................... 1,602 1,741 2,278 2,372 2,437 −8.0 −9.9

South Carolina .................................. − 6 − − 1 −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. 5 20 55 29 5 −74.2 −1.3

West Virginia.................................... 1,833 1,157 1,002 1,302 1,421 58.5 6.6

East South Central ............................... 1,144 1,078 993 772 83 6.1 92.5

Alabama ............................................ 6 39 34 46 1 −85.3 83.1

Kentucky ........................................... 500 363 460 225 31 37.5 99.7

Mississippi......................................... −−− 3 6 − −

Tennessee .......................................... 639 675 500 498 46 −5.4 93.5

West South Central.............................. 195 6 − * * NM NM

Louisiana ........................................... 195 − − − −− −

Texas ................................................. * 6 − * * −94.2 65.8

Mountain .............................................. 230 215 183 240 290 7.3 −5.6

Utah ................................................... 230 215 183 240 290 7.3 −5.6

Tennessee ............................................... 3,052 2,627 2,547 2,577 2,835 16.2 1.9

East North Central ............................... * * 1 * 24 −33.5 −72.3

Illinois ............................................... − − 1 − −− −

Indiana ............................................... −−− * 3 − −

Michigan ........................................... − * − − 21 −100.0 −

Ohio................................................... * * − − − −5.4 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 141 251 301 303 387 −43.5 −22.2

Florida ............................................... − 39 40 − − −100.0 −

Georgia.............................................. 141 189 202 204 259 −25.4 −14.1

North Carolina .................................. 1 23 58 96 114 −97.2 −72.8

South Carolina .................................. −−− 3 13 − −

Virginia ............................................. −−− * 1 − −

East South Central ............................... 2,902 2,363 2,223 2,215 2,376 22.8 5.1

Alabama ............................................ 331 936 710 592 734 −64.6 −18.0

Kentucky ........................................... 23 5 135 122 39 367.4 −12.9

Tennessee .......................................... 2,548 1,422 1,378 1,501 1,603 79.2 12.3

Virginia................................................... 22,776 24,283 26,866 27,388 28,504 −6.2 −5.4

New England ....................................... 18 19 − − 281 −6.4 −49.8

Maine................................................. − − − − 44 − −

Massachusetts.................................... 8 − − − 237 − −57.4

New Hampshire ................................ 10 19 − − − −47.4 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 2,045 2,311 1,490 2,073 2,957 −11.5 −8.8

New Jersey........................................ 601 635 190 359 734 −5.4 −4.9

New York.......................................... 146 362 156 108 96 −59.8 10.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,299 1,314 1,143 1,607 2,127 −1.2 −11.6

East North Central ............................... 3,237 3,557 2,455 3,475 3,794 −9.0 −3.9

Illinois ............................................... 583 578 302 260 478 .8 5.1

Indiana............................................... 2,290 2,395 1,202 2,045 2,240 −4.4 .5

Michigan ........................................... 25 83 376 188 68 −69.9 −22.3

Ohio................................................... 331 493 488 875 940 −32.8 −23.0

Wisconsin .......................................... 9 9 86 108 68 1.0 −39.4

West North Central.............................. − 8 − − * −100.0 −

Missouri............................................. − 8 − − − −100.0 −

North Dakota..................................... − − − − * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 13,507 14,600 18,898 18,553 16,839 −7.5 −5.4

Delaware ........................................... 166 152 203 155 208 9.3 −5.5

Florida ............................................... 549 377 531 457 451 45.4 5.0

Georgia.............................................. 1,785 2,064 3,038 3,496 2,779 −13.5 −10.5

Maryland ........................................... 1 392 90 8 79 −99.8 −70.3

North Carolina .................................. 1,883 4,056 5,634 5,867 5,207 −53.6 −22.4

South Carolina .................................. 1,605 1,468 1,604 1,663 1,356 9.4 4.3

Virginia ............................................. 7,231 5,657 6,867 6,076 6,082 27.8 4.4

West Virginia.................................... 287 433 930 832 677 −33.8 −19.3

East South Central ............................... 3,581 3,413 3,658 3,026 3,432 4.9 1.1

Alabama ............................................ 1,036 1,083 1,156 887 1,017 −4.3 .5

Kentucky ........................................... 3 142 41 1 * −98.2 266.9

Mississippi......................................... 13 − − − −− −

Tennessee .......................................... 2,529 2,187 2,462 2,138 2,415 15.6 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 97 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Virginia (Continued)

West South Central.............................. 13 21 − 2 2 −38.9 55.8

Louisiana ........................................... − 21 − − − −100.0 −

Texas ................................................. 13 − − 2 2 − 55.8

Mountain .............................................. 332 313 320 103 192 6.3 14.7

Colorado ............................................ −−− * −− −

Utah ................................................... 332 313 320 103 192 6.3 14.7

West Virginia, Northern ...................... 40,398 36,073 39,985 34,573 44,093 12.0 −2.2

New England ....................................... 1,070 918 1,086 1,002 2,776 16.6 −21.2

Connecticut ....................................... 683 572 166 − * 19.3 NM

Maine................................................. 13 9 − − − 41.7 −

Massachusetts.................................... 53 113 648 613 2,379 −53.0 −61.4

New Hampshire ................................ 322 225 272 389 397 43.4 −5.1

Middle Atlantic.................................... 14,276 13,740 12,566 9,769 13,804 3.9 .8

New Jersey........................................ 1,530 1,182 1,096 1,234 1,213 29.4 6.0

New York.......................................... 4,140 4,040 3,079 1,336 2,530 2.5 13.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,606 8,518 8,391 7,200 10,061 1.0 −3.8

East North Central ............................... 5,410 2,887 5,924 4,220 5,803 87.4 −1.7

Illinois ............................................... 9 51 23 44 − −82.4 −

Indiana ............................................... 479 38 1,060 216 70 NM 61.6

Michigan ........................................... 640 437 392 113 114 46.4 54.0

Ohio................................................... 3,966 1,977 4,098 3,659 5,365 100.6 −7.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 317 384 350 188 254 −17.6 5.7

West North Central.............................. * 3 12 54 9 −99.3 −77.6

Iowa................................................... − − 2 − −− −

Minnesota .......................................... − 3 10 − 9 −100.0 −

Missouri ............................................. −−− 54 −− −

North Dakota..................................... * − − − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 17,820 17,213 19,270 17,772 20,988 3.5 −4.0

Delaware ........................................... 449 737 969 1,096 1,111 −39.0 −20.3

District of Columbia ......................... 6 5 10 12 6 12.9 2.1

Florida ............................................... 551 259 449 580 452 112.5 5.1

Maryland ........................................... 4,773 3,341 3,443 4,314 3,466 42.9 8.3

North Carolina .................................. 13 − 7 − * − 143.0

South Carolina .................................. 3 − 1 − −− −

Virginia ............................................. 66 30 75 306 243 121.3 −27.8

West Virginia.................................... 11,959 12,841 14,316 11,464 15,710 −6.9 −6.6

East South Central ............................... 1,522 1,178 492 749 167 29.2 73.9

Alabama ............................................ 419 604 34 27 − −30.7 −

Kentucky ........................................... 1,026 527 160 130 4 94.4 293.8

Mississippi......................................... − − 5 5 4 − −

Tennessee .......................................... 78 46 293 589 159 67.9 −16.3

West South Central.............................. 203 − 368 154 −− −

Louisiana ........................................... 203 − 368 154 −− −

Mountain .............................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

Nevada............................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Pacific ................................................... −−− * * − −

California ........................................... −−− * * − −

West Virginia,

Southern.............................................. 86,757 84,793 82,794 68,086 68,824 2.3 6.0

New England ....................................... 1,853 1,404 1,351 917 1,109 32.0 13.7

Connecticut ....................................... 24 − − 106 21 − 4.1

Maine ................................................. 13 − * 14 20 − −10.5

Massachusetts.................................... 1,792 1,330 1,351 739 971 34.8 16.5

New Hampshire ................................ 24 74 − 58 97 −67.7 −29.5

Rhode Island ..................................... −−− * −− −

Vermont ............................................. − − * − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 7,391 7,170 6,738 6,965 5,160 3.1 9.4

New Jersey........................................ 216 165 260 343 250 30.7 −3.6

New York.......................................... 1,545 1,466 1,345 1,860 1,265 5.4 5.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 5,630 5,538 5,133 4,763 3,644 1.6 11.5

East North Central ............................... 30,404 28,905 27,503 22,906 25,560 5.2 4.4

Illinois ............................................... 1,841 1,400 1,403 1,971 1,472 31.5 5.8

Indiana............................................... 4,809 5,142 4,918 3,401 4,920 −6.5 −.6

Michigan ........................................... 4,869 4,416 5,903 4,048 6,120 10.3 −5.6

Ohio................................................... 18,770 17,566 14,802 12,485 12,457 6.8 10.8

See footnotes at end of table.

98 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

West Virginia,

Southern (Continued)

Wisconsin .......................................... 115 381 478 1,002 592 −69.7 −33.5

West North Central.............................. 113 313 237 223 364 −64.0 −25.4

Iowa................................................... 44 119 70 69 77 −63.1 −13.0

Kansas ............................................... − − − − 34 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 32 107 92 11 24 −70.0 7.3

Missouri............................................. 36 85 70 142 228 −58.3 −37.2

North Dakota..................................... − * * − −−100.0 −

South Dakota..................................... 1 2 6 − − −37.7 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 37,986 36,164 36,045 26,459 28,512 5.0 7.4

Delaware ........................................... 551 485 621 617 361 13.7 11.1

District of Columbia ......................... 17 − 24 23 27 − −10.8

Florida ............................................... 1,123 1,341 1,372 817 1,010 −16.3 2.7

Georgia.............................................. 4,064 4,159 4,106 2,958 2,477 −2.3 13.2

Maryland ........................................... 3,132 3,209 2,855 1,376 2,296 −2.4 8.1

North Carolina .................................. 8,274 7,169 6,910 6,167 7,963 15.4 1.0

South Carolina .................................. 347 257 394 107 121 34.9 30.0

Virginia ............................................. 3,217 3,367 3,188 2,971 3,323 −4.4 −.8

West Virginia.................................... 17,261 16,177 16,575 11,423 10,934 6.7 12.1

East South Central ............................... 8,677 10,433 10,551 10,095 7,054 −16.8 5.3

Alabama ............................................ 2,922 3,487 4,392 3,736 2,362 −16.2 5.5

Kentucky ........................................... 4,250 5,330 4,744 4,704 3,755 −20.3 3.1

Mississippi......................................... 24 44 93 87 34 −45.9 −8.3

Tennessee .......................................... 1,482 1,571 1,322 1,569 904 −5.7 13.1

West South Central.............................. 81 48 60 49 22 67.7 37.8

Louisiana ........................................... − − 4 2 −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 77 48 56 48 22 58.4 35.9

Texas ................................................. 4 − 1 − −− −

Mountain .............................................. 18 206 212 135 − −91.0 −

Idaho .................................................. − − * − −− −

Utah ................................................... 18 206 211 135 − −91.0 −

Pacific ................................................... 28 2 1 * − NM −

California ........................................... −−− * −− −

Oregon............................................... 2 2 1 − − −17.2 −

Washington ....................................... 26 − − − −− −

Interior Total............................................ 165,668 162,947 175,622 166,763 193,400 1.7 −3.8

Arkansas................................................. 7 11 28 25 29 −39.2 −30.4

New England ....................................... − − − − 13 − −

Vermont............................................. − − − − 13 − −

West North Central.............................. − − 4 8 11 − −

Missouri............................................. − − 4 8 11 − −

West South Central.............................. 7 11 24 17 5 −39.2 7.1

Arkansas............................................ 7 11 13 12 − −39.2 −

Oklahoma .......................................... − − *55 − −

Texas ................................................. − − 12 − −− −

Illinois..................................................... 45,190 45,170 51,737 41,330 57,670 * −5.9

New England ....................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... * * * * * −80.0 −9.9

New Jersey........................................ * * − − * −63.6 −35.4

New York.......................................... * * * * * −91.5 −29.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... * * * − −−50.0 −

East North Central ............................... 25,316 25,629 28,299 20,483 28,821 −1.2 −3.2

Illinois ............................................... 16,052 15,587 17,517 15,206 18,167 3.0 −3.0

Indiana............................................... 8,178 8,559 9,574 4,541 9,595 −4.4 −3.9

Michigan ........................................... 59 70 51 − 6 −15.0 76.9

Ohio................................................... 18 1 18 − − NM −

Wisconsin .......................................... 1,008 1,412 1,139 736 1,053 −28.6 −1.1

West North Central.............................. 5,347 6,270 9,448 7,783 13,499 −14.7 −20.7

Iowa................................................... 694 1,216 1,535 1,534 1,175 −42.9 −12.3

Kansas ............................................... 149 128 193 179 640 16.3 −30.5

Minnesota.......................................... 100 111 179 43 58 −9.8 14.4

Missouri............................................. 4,403 4,815 7,541 6,027 11,625 −8.5 −21.5

North Dakota..................................... −−− * −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 7,255 6,651 8,403 8,137 10,485 9.1 −8.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 99 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Illinois (Continued)

Florida ............................................... 6,052 6,056 5,846 4,782 5,529 −0.1 2.3

Georgia.............................................. 1,204 584 2,557 3,355 4,955 106.0 −29.8

Maryland ........................................... − 5 − − − −100.0 −

North Carolina .................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

South Carolina .................................. − − − − 1 − −

Virginia ............................................. * * − * − −81.8 −

West Virginia.................................... − 6 * − −−100.0 −

East South Central ............................... 7,130 6,510 5,453 4,823 4,780 9.5 10.5

Alabama ............................................ 2,155 1,146 750 401 632 88.1 35.9

Kentucky ........................................... 1 274 343 535 7 −99.7 −39.8

Mississippi......................................... 1,749 1,304 1,164 1,106 1,879 34.1 −1.8

Tennessee .......................................... 3,225 3,787 3,195 2,780 2,261 −14.8 9.3

West South Central.............................. 86 86 46 58 81 .5 1.4

Arkansas............................................ 76 76 30 37 81 .1 −1.7

Louisiana ........................................... −−− 21 −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 10 10 16 − − 3.1 −

Mountain .............................................. 40 − − − −− −

Colorado............................................ 40 − − − −− −

Indiana ................................................... 29,664 25,625 30,477 29,475 31,216 15.8 −1.3

New England ....................................... * − * 21 −− −

Connecticut ....................................... * − * − −− −

Massachusetts .................................... −−− 21 −− −

East North Central ............................... 26,318 22,461 27,088 26,347 27,677 17.2 −1.3

Illinois ............................................... 1,444 963 1,597 1,562 1,021 50.0 9.1

Indiana............................................... 24,309 21,185 24,733 23,913 24,655 14.8 −.3

Michigan ........................................... 181 180 135 184 338 .3 −14.5

Ohio................................................... 34 26 36 60 135 30.3 −29.0

Wisconsin.......................................... 350 106 587 628 1,528 228.4 −30.8

West North Central.............................. 655 454 973 1,249 756 44.1 −3.5

Iowa................................................... 638 435 426 646 746 46.8 −3.8

Kansas ............................................... −−− 18 −− −

Minnesota.......................................... − − 43 − −− −

Missouri............................................. 17 19 504 585 11 −14.7 11.7

South Atlantic ...................................... − − 19 264 548 − −

Florida ............................................... −−− 96 −− −

Georgia.............................................. − − 19 153 548 − −

Virginia ............................................. −−− 15 −− −

East South Central ............................... 2,677 2,586 2,313 1,506 2,071 3.5 6.6

Alabama ............................................ 26 1 56 60 127 NM −32.5

Kentucky ........................................... 2,610 2,466 2,219 1,313 1,694 5.8 11.4

Mississippi......................................... − − − − 3 − −

Tennessee .......................................... 41 119 38 132 247 −65.6 −36.2

West South Central.............................. 6141 − NM −

Oklahoma .......................................... 4 − 3 1 −− −

Texas ................................................. 2 1 * − − 140.9 −

Iowa ........................................................ − − 46 175 287 − −

West North Central.............................. − − 46 175 287 − −

Iowa................................................... − − 46 175 287 − −

Kansas .................................................... 245 291 282 345 354 −15.9 −8.8

West North Central.............................. 233 291 282 345 345 −19.9 −9.3

Kansas ............................................... 164 160 165 167 165 2.3 −.1

Missouri............................................. 69 131 117 178 181 −47.1 −21.3

West South Central.............................. 12 − − − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 12 − − − −− −

Kentucky, Western ............................... 34,821 32,990 34,729 35,151 41,453 5.5 −4.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... − − * * * − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − − * * * − −

East North Central ............................... 1,016 542 2,762 4,169 4,346 87.7 −30.5

Illinois ............................................... 119 − 192 659 214 − −13.7

Indiana............................................... 680 243 2,214 3,229 3,275 180.3 −32.5

Michigan ........................................... − − 12 28 8 − −

Ohio................................................... 31 103 180 146 514 −70.3 −50.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 187 196 165 108 336 −4.7 −13.7

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Kentucky, Western (Continued)

West North Central.............................. 237 101 1,170 352 896 136.0 −28.3

Iowa................................................... 211 75 377 217 271 180.3 −6.1

Minnesota.......................................... 22 19 26 32 27 13.0 −5.7

Missouri............................................. 5 6 766 102 598 −16.6 −69.4

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,254 2,375 2,709 3,040 5,260 37.0 −11.3

Florida ............................................... 3,254 2,375 2,706 3,039 3,910 37.0 −4.5

Georgia.............................................. − − − − 1,350 − −

North Carolina .................................. − − * − −− −

South Carolina .................................. − − * − −− −

Virginia ............................................. * − − − * − −40.8

West Virginia.................................... − − 3 1 * − −

East South Central ............................... 29,605 29,927 28,048 27,512 30,682 −1.1 −.9

Alabama ............................................ 3,142 1,717 2,038 1,761 2,310 83.0 8.0

Kentucky ........................................... 16,375 17,488 16,401 17,990 17,455 −6.4 −1.6

Mississippi ......................................... 107 − − 10 190 − −13.4

Tennessee .......................................... 9,981 10,723 9,609 7,751 10,727 −6.9 −1.8

West South Central.............................. 657 13 8 12 204 NM 34.0

Arkansas ............................................ 11 13 8 12 8 −14.9 8.2

Louisiana ........................................... 646 − − − 196 − 34.8

Louisiana................................................ 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 −6.0 .1

West North Central.............................. −−− * −− −

Missouri ............................................. −−− * −− −

West South Central.............................. 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 −6.0 .1

Louisiana ........................................... 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 −6.0 .1

Missouri.................................................. 846 464 679 638 2,795 82.3 −25.8

West North Central.............................. 846 464 679 614 2,783 82.3 −25.8

Kansas ............................................... 345 91 77 23 54 278.3 59.0

Missouri............................................. 501 373 602 592 2,729 34.3 −34.6

West South Central.............................. −−− 2 −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... −−− 2 −− −

Oklahoma............................................... 2,136 2,158 1,925 2,297 1,940 −1.0 2.4

West North Central.............................. 63 31 27 57 83 98.6 −6.8

Kansas ............................................... 63 31 22 41 73 100.1 −3.7

Missouri............................................. − * 5 16 10 −100.0 −

East South Central ............................... − 2 − − −−100.0 −

Kentucky ........................................... − 2 − − − −100.0 −

West South Central.............................. 2,066 2,121 1,896 2,240 1,857 −2.6 2.7

Arkansas............................................ 170 159 205 196 130 7.1 6.9

Oklahoma .......................................... 1,712 1,790 1,532 1,869 1,601 −4.4 1.7

Texas ................................................. 184 171 159 175 126 7.5 10.0

Pacific ................................................... − − * * −− −

California ........................................... − − * * −− −

Texas....................................................... 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 −6.2 −2.3

West South Central.............................. 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 −6.2 −2.3

Texas ................................................. 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 −6.2 −2.3

Western Total........................................... 428,297 420,132 398,402 364,083 339,676 1.9 6.0

Alaska ..................................................... 697 815 789 855 797 −14.5 −3.3

Pacific................................................... 697 815 789 855 797 −14.5 −3.3

Alaska................................................ 697 815 789 855 797 −14.5 −3.3

Arizona ................................................... 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 −6.9 −3.0

Mountain .............................................. 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 −6.9 −3.0

Arizona.............................................. 6,499 6,956 7,580 7,566 7,441 −6.6 −3.3

Nevada............................................... 4,470 4,827 4,431 4,572 4,977 −7.4 −2.6

California ............................................... − − − − 142 − −

Pacific................................................... − − − − 142 − −

California........................................... − − − − 142 − −

Colorado................................................. 23,990 24,734 24,059 20,338 18,195 −3.0 7.2

East North Central ............................... 1,366 2,333 2,357 2,471 1,322 −41.4 .8

Illinois ............................................... 640 1,628 1,439 1,246 518 −60.7 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 101 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Colorado (Continued)

Indiana............................................... − 20 457 978 794 −100.0 −

Michigan ........................................... − 44 − − − −100.0 −

Wisconsin.......................................... 726 641 462 246 10 13.3 189.8

West North Central.............................. 3,218 3,109 2,194 871 1,013 3.5 33.5

Iowa................................................... 591 550 171 135 122 7.6 48.3

Kansas ............................................... 1,493 1,436 1,148 90 298 3.9 49.6

Minnesota .......................................... − 13 23 8 − −100.0 −

Missouri............................................. 1,077 1,005 775 566 526 7.2 19.6

Nebraska............................................ 56 104 77 72 67 −46.6 −4.3

South Atlantic ...................................... 136 811 435 44 181 −83.2 −6.9

Florida ............................................... 136 811 423 − 181 −83.2 −6.9

Georgia.............................................. − − 11 44 −− −

West Virginia.................................... − − 2 − −− −

East South Central ............................... 3,817 2,797 2,038 711 − 36.5 −

Kentucky ........................................... 260 1,098 710 − − −76.3 −

Mississippi......................................... 519 963 735 170 − −46.1 −

Tennessee .......................................... 3,038 736 593 541 − 312.6 −

West South Central.............................. 2,443 2,258 2,563 2,628 2,250 8.2 2.1

Oklahoma .......................................... − 31 26 121 − −100.0 −

Texas ................................................. 2,443 2,228 2,537 2,507 2,250 9.6 2.1

Mountain .............................................. 12,861 13,353 14,362 13,497 13,369 −3.7 −1.0

Arizona.............................................. 355 105 219 117 226 237.0 12.0

Colorado............................................ 10,704 11,820 12,035 11,181 11,241 −9.4 −1.2

Idaho.................................................. − 3 − − − −100.0 −

Nevada............................................... 132 161 306 514 169 −18.0 −5.9

New Mexico...................................... 88 97 84 84 69 −9.9 6.0

Utah ................................................... 1,204 1,113 1,714 1,598 1,604 8.1 −6.9

Wyoming........................................... 378 53 4 3 60 NM 58.2

Pacific................................................... 131 37 73 80 60 251.8 21.4

California........................................... − 1 22 33 24 −100.0 −

Oregon............................................... 94 − − − −− −

Washington ....................................... 37 36 52 47 37 2.3 .4

Montana ................................................. 37,770 39,362 41,672 35,795 38,804 −4.0 −.7

East North Central ............................... 15,814 16,582 17,875 15,841 15,717 −4.6 .1

Illinois ............................................... 2,162 2,713 4,338 3,295 3,013 −20.3 −8.0

Indiana............................................... 869 720 749 433 451 20.6 17.8

Michigan ........................................... 9,806 11,014 10,481 10,055 10,376 −11.0 −1.4

Ohio................................................... 26 − − − −− −

Wisconsin.......................................... 2,950 2,135 2,307 2,057 1,878 38.2 12.0

West North Central.............................. 11,622 11,338 10,668 9,411 9,152 2.5 6.1

Iowa ................................................... − 2*1 − −100.0 −

Minnesota.......................................... 9,791 10,199 10,038 8,852 8,566 −4.0 3.4

Missouri............................................. − 6 − − − −100.0 −

Nebraska............................................ 113 205 71 136 142 −44.9 −5.5

North Dakota..................................... 417 469 559 422 444 −11.0 −1.6

South Dakota..................................... 1,301 457 − − − 184.6 −

East South Central ............................... 2,226 1,234 1,314 178 84 80.4 127.0

Mississippi ......................................... 2,226 1,234 1,314 178 82 80.4 128.1

Tennessee .......................................... − − − − 2 − −

Mountain .............................................. 7,995 9,611 10,718 9,233 11,276 −16.8 −8.2

Colorado............................................ 26 63 89 86 106 −59.1 −29.8

Montana ............................................. 7,844 9,477 10,581 9,115 11,159 −17.2 −8.4

Wyoming........................................... 125 71 49 31 11 75.0 82.5

Pacific................................................... 113 583 1,097 1,108 2,549 −80.7 −54.2

Oregon ............................................... −−− 355 1,835 − −

Washington ....................................... 113 583 1,097 753 715 −80.7 −37.0

New Mexico ........................................... 25,035 25,640 28,540 27,942 24,823 −2.4 .2

East North Central ............................... 732 1,591 1,495 1,392 590 −54.0 5.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 732 1,591 1,495 1,392 590 −54.0 5.5

West North Central.............................. 92 − − − −− −

Nebraska............................................ 92 − − − −− −

West South Central.............................. 334 160 296 350 216 109.1 11.5

Arkansas............................................ 1 − − − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 17 − − 5 −− −

Texas ................................................. 316 160 296 345 216 97.7 10.0

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

New Mexico (Continued)

Mountain .............................................. 23,877 23,889 26,749 26,201 24,005 * −0.1

Arizona.............................................. 8,860 9,259 11,284 11,263 9,175 −4.3 −.9

Colorado............................................ 9 − − − −− −

New Mexico...................................... 15,009 14,630 15,464 14,938 14,829 2.6 .3

Pacific................................................... − − − − 12 − −

California........................................... − − − − 12 − −

North Dakota......................................... 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 −.3 −1.3

East North Central ............................... − − * * −− −

Wisconsin .......................................... − − * * −− −

West North Central.............................. 30,025 30,113 32,055 32,367 31,702 −.3 −1.3

North Dakota..................................... 30,025 28,838 29,731 30,215 29,573 4.1 .4

South Dakota..................................... − 1,276 2,325 2,153 2,129 −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. −−− * −− −

Montana ............................................. −−− * −− −

Utah ........................................................ 18,563 21,591 20,527 19,283 18,792 −14.0 −.3

New England ....................................... − 17 − − − −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − 17 − − − −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... − 20 68 − − −100.0 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − 20 68 − − −100.0 −

East North Central ............................... 2,650 1,932 656 421 233 37.1 83.6

Illinois ............................................... 2,473 1,776 369 207 233 39.2 80.4

Indiana............................................... − − 178 204 −− −

Michigan ........................................... 44 76 66 − − −41.8 −

Ohio ................................................... −−− * −− −

Wisconsin.......................................... 133 81 43 10 − 65.0 −

West North Central.............................. 330 395 414 382 80 −16.4 42.7

Kansas ............................................... − * 2 − − −100.0 −

Minnesota.......................................... − 1 − − − −100.0 −

Missouri............................................. 330 393 412 382 79 −16.2 42.7

Nebraska ............................................ −−− * * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... −−− 159 32 − −

Florida ............................................... −−− 155 32 − −

West Virginia.................................... −−− 4 −− −

East South Central ............................... 1,421 1,095 218 − − 29.7 −

Tennessee .......................................... 1,421 1,095 218 − − 29.7 −

West South Central.............................. − 4 33 − −−100.0 −

Texas ................................................. − 4 33 − − −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. 11,791 15,163 15,793 15,456 15,289 −22.2 −6.3

Arizona.............................................. 69 80 86 89 101 −13.6 −9.2

Colorado............................................ 2 6 4 14 34 −61.6 −50.0

Idaho.................................................. 65 141 59 95 61 −54.1 1.8

Montana............................................. − 9 29 42 42 −100.0 −

Nevada............................................... 2,265 2,150 2,027 1,781 1,979 5.4 3.4

Utah ................................................... 9,389 12,755 13,586 13,418 13,035 −26.4 −7.9

Wyoming........................................... * 22 2 18 37 −98.5 −69.3

Pacific................................................... 2,366 2,965 3,317 2,843 3,143 −20.2 −6.8

California........................................... 2,240 2,838 3,074 2,575 2,777 −21.1 −5.2

Oregon............................................... * 2 127 123 113 −71.9 −75.2

Washington ....................................... 125 126 115 145 253 −.4 −16.1

Washington ............................................ 4,526 4,756 4,731 4,621 5,020 −4.8 −2.6

Pacific................................................... 4,526 4,756 4,731 4,621 5,020 −4.8 −2.6

Oregon............................................... 3 2 − − − 19.1 −

Washington ....................................... 4,523 4,754 4,731 4,621 5,020 −4.9 −2.6

Wyoming ................................................ 276,723 261,333 234,016 210,739 188,983 5.9 10.0

New England ....................................... − − * 14 −− −

Connecticut ....................................... − − * − −− −

Massachusetts .................................... −−− 14 −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... − − − − * − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − − − − * − −

East North Central ............................... 62,041 55,223 42,685 37,648 30,920 12.3 19.0

Illinois ............................................... 17,734 15,480 9,779 7,593 4,417 14.6 41.5

Indiana............................................... 18,079 18,306 15,417 12,635 11,804 −1.2 11.3

Michigan ........................................... 8,551 7,543 4,267 4,487 2,948 13.4 30.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 103 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

Wyoming (Continued)

Ohio................................................... 37 − − − 124 − −26.2

Wisconsin.......................................... 17,640 13,895 13,221 12,934 11,627 27.0 11.0

West North Central.............................. 82,593 77,051 67,523 61,641 52,269 7.2 12.1

Iowa................................................... 18,121 16,955 15,505 15,950 14,056 6.9 6.6

Kansas ............................................... 11,772 14,243 16,490 16,484 13,526 −17.3 −3.4

Minnesota.......................................... 8,569 8,816 9,911 9,093 8,385 −2.8 .5

Missouri............................................. 33,312 25,731 16,112 10,815 7,958 29.5 43.0

Nebraska............................................ 10,464 10,065 8,908 8,801 7,882 4.0 7.3

North Dakota..................................... * * − 5 5 −61.7 −68.5

South Dakota..................................... 355 1,241 597 493 456 −71.4 −6.1

South Atlantic ...................................... 7,409 7,432 5,836 938 12 −.3 395.6

Florida ............................................... 591 − 93 − 12 − 163.3

Georgia .............................................. 6,818 6,796 4,914 726 − .3 −

Maryland ........................................... − 636 829 213 − −100.0 −

East South Central ............................... 4,010 2,970 594 317 156 35.0 125.3

Alabama ............................................ 3,686 2,950 251 − − 25.0 −

Kentucky ........................................... −−− 248 1 − −

Mississippi......................................... 26 − − − 83 − −25.0

Tennessee .......................................... 298 20 342 68 72 NM 42.8

West South Central.............................. 86,413 82,918 80,246 76,692 72,339 4.2 4.5

Arkansas............................................ 14,614 14,033 12,184 10,826 11,571 4.1 6.0

Louisiana ........................................... 9,209 10,309 11,215 11,133 10,039 −10.7 −2.1

Oklahoma .......................................... 19,751 20,326 17,577 16,726 16,733 −2.8 4.2

Texas ................................................. 42,839 38,250 39,270 38,007 33,995 12.0 5.9

Mountain .............................................. 33,363 32,950 34,935 32,195 33,165 1.3 .1

Arizona .............................................. −−− 5 −− −

Colorado............................................ 6,124 5,602 5,132 5,538 4,952 9.3 5.4

Idaho.................................................. 268 293 337 343 393 −8.4 −9.1

Montana............................................. 513 193 119 37 44 165.6 84.6

Nevada............................................... 204 342 1,014 753 802 −40.3 −29.0

Utah ................................................... 1 * − − 586 NM −78.9

Wyoming........................................... 26,253 26,521 28,334 25,519 26,388 −1.0 −.1

Pacific................................................... 894 2,775 2,198 1,271 120 −67.8 65.3

Oregon............................................... 894 1,485 2,197 1,270 114 −39.8 67.2

Washington ....................................... 1 1,290 1 1 6 −99.9 −39.4

U.S. Total .................................................. 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 2.9 1.9

New England ....................................... 5,334 5,199 4,963 4,141 7,717 2.6 −8.8

Connecticut ....................................... 1,602 1,955 976 695 1,003 −18.1 12.4

Maine................................................. 301 302 463 405 866 −.4 −23.2

Massachusetts.................................... 2,475 2,157 2,538 1,840 4,634 14.8 −14.5

New Hampshire ................................ 951 780 978 1,192 1,189 21.9 −5.4

Rhode Island ..................................... 3 3 3 3 5 21.2 −9.6

Vermont............................................. 2 3 5 6 20 −38.2 −45.8

Middle Atlantic.................................... 73,489 70,149 69,737 64,421 73,087 4.8 .1

New Jersey........................................ 2,927 2,936 2,163 2,169 2,433 −.3 4.7

New York.......................................... 11,459 10,705 11,664 10,950 13,977 7.0 −4.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 59,103 56,509 55,910 51,302 56,677 4.6 1.0

East North Central ............................... 228,473 212,105 214,903 196,343 201,713 7.7 3.2

Illinois ............................................... 44,547 41,626 38,745 34,433 31,186 7.0 9.3

Indiana............................................... 62,741 59,476 63,589 54,452 60,970 5.5 .7

Michigan ........................................... 33,186 33,928 33,487 30,041 30,363 −2.2 2.3

Ohio................................................... 61,713 54,310 56,850 56,755 58,716 13.6 1.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 26,285 22,766 22,231 20,662 20,477 15.5 6.4

West North Central.............................. 136,573 130,836 126,407 116,337 113,921 4.4 4.6

Iowa................................................... 21,017 19,777 18,259 18,950 16,988 6.3 5.5

Kansas ............................................... 13,987 16,091 18,097 17,002 14,801 −13.1 −1.4

Minnesota.......................................... 18,679 19,488 20,498 18,166 17,224 −4.1 2.0

Missouri............................................. 40,064 32,821 27,278 19,921 24,207 22.1 13.4

Nebraska............................................ 10,726 10,377 9,055 9,011 8,093 3.4 7.3

North Dakota..................................... 30,444 29,307 30,290 30,642 30,022 3.9 .3

South Dakota..................................... 1,657 2,976 2,929 2,646 2,586 −44.3 −10.5

South Atlantic ...................................... 161,026 151,954 161,029 141,701 145,219 6.0 2.6

Delaware ........................................... 1,834 1,933 2,309 2,242 1,913 −5.1 −1.0

District of Columbia ......................... 23 6 47 51 50 309.2 −17.5

Florida ............................................... 26,285 23,505 23,757 21,446 24,351 11.8 1.9

Georgia.............................................. 29,074 29,730 30,497 25,101 24,242 −2.2 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change

 and State 1995-1996 1992-1996

U.S. Total (Continued)

Maryland ........................................... 10,762 10,596 10,959 10,063 9,735 1.6 2.5

North Carolina .................................. 27,414 24,149 26,199 25,621 25,801 13.5 1.5

South Carolina .................................. 13,373 11,745 13,454 11,749 11,338 13.9 4.2

Virginia ............................................. 16,214 15,225 16,735 16,084 14,915 6.5 2.1

West Virginia.................................... 36,047 35,065 37,071 29,343 32,874 2.8 2.3

East South Central ............................... 105,708 104,194 99,350 97,057 92,761 1.4 3.3

Alabama ............................................ 33,057 31,440 30,210 28,698 28,741 5.1 3.6

Kentucky ........................................... 34,438 37,382 35,636 35,461 33,497 −7.9 .7

Mississippi......................................... 5,702 4,516 4,446 3,421 3,965 26.3 9.5

Tennessee .......................................... 32,510 30,856 29,057 29,477 26,559 5.4 5.2

West South Central.............................. 145,394 144,435 142,136 139,664 134,770 .7 1.9

Arkansas............................................ 14,918 14,317 12,501 11,094 11,807 4.2 6.0

Louisiana ........................................... 13,526 14,267 15,844 14,524 13,539 −5.2 *

Oklahoma .......................................... 21,584 22,210 19,210 18,777 18,362 −2.8 4.1

Texas ................................................. 95,367 93,642 94,581 95,269 91,062 1.8 1.2

Mountain .............................................. 101,497 107,497 115,311 109,200 110,007 −5.6 −2.0

Arizona.............................................. 15,785 16,401 19,169 19,039 16,944 −3.8 −1.8

Colorado............................................ 16,920 17,502 17,274 16,821 16,333 −3.3 .9

Idaho.................................................. 333 440 400 438 456 −24.2 −7.5

Montana ............................................. 8,359 9,678 10,729 9,194 11,245 −13.6 −7.1

Nevada............................................... 7,072 7,479 7,777 7,621 7,926 −5.4 −2.8

New Mexico...................................... 15,097 14,727 15,549 15,022 14,899 2.5 .3

Utah ................................................... 11,175 14,602 16,015 15,493 15,707 −23.5 −8.2

Wyoming........................................... 26,757 26,668 28,399 25,571 26,497 .3 .2

Pacific................................................... 8,790 11,962 12,228 10,791 11,844 −26.5 −7.2

Alaska................................................ 697 815 789 855 797 −14.5 −3.3

California........................................... 2,240 2,839 3,096 2,608 2,955 −21.1 −6.7

Oregon............................................... 1,028 1,518 2,347 1,761 2,062 −32.3 −16.0

Washington ....................................... 4,825 6,790 5,996 5,567 6,030 −28.9 −5.4

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 105 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Alabama .................................................... 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 −19.4 −4.8

Albania.................................................... − − − − 21 − −

Argentina ................................................ 216 306 268 319 157 −29.5 8.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 703 574 627 866 861 22.3 −5.0

Brazil ....................................................... 566 564 42 193 − .3 −

Bulgaria ................................................... 208 128 35 109 − 63.2 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... −−− 42 45 − −

Denmark.................................................. − 26 − − − −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... − 111 − − − −100.0 −

France ...................................................... − − * − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 184 201 − − − −8.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 659 930 565 429 506 −29.2 6.8

Japan ....................................................... 861 1,358 1,266 2,202 2,343 −36.6 −22.1

Morocco .................................................. −−− 39 −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 73 276 88 − − −73.4 −

Romania .................................................. 170 492 602 171 183 −65.5 −2.0

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 57 −−− 212 − −28.0

Spain ....................................................... 52 48 27 − − 8.4 −

Turkey..................................................... 326 302 137 253 424 8.0 −6.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 789 717 872 1,266 1,179 10.1 −9.6

Alaska........................................................ 776 855 716 743 734 −9.2 1.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 776 855 716 743 734 −9.2 1.4

Colorado .................................................... 1,415 900 752 1,128 669 57.2 20.6

China (Taiwan)....................................... 219 235 134 − − −6.5 −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − 46 − −− −

Israel........................................................ 30 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 343 651 395 918 669 −47.3 −15.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. 65 − 177 209 −− −

Mexico .................................................... 758 − − − −− −

Turkey..................................................... − 14 − − − −100.0 −

Illinois........................................................ 1,886 2,699 236 670 1,242 −30.1 11.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 76 −−− 58 − 6.9

Brazil....................................................... 1 − − − 298 − −74.2

Denmark.................................................. 364 516 − − 45 −29.4 68.2

France...................................................... − 57 − − − −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 325 722 − − − −54.9 −

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 108 213 − −

Italy ......................................................... − 42 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 66 49 236 109 53 35.0 5.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. −−−− 50 − −

Morocco .................................................. 103 775 − 452 350 −86.7 −26.3

Netherlands ............................................. 120 − − − −− −

Sweden.................................................... 25 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 805 538 − − 175 49.7 46.4

Kentucky ................................................... 9,143 9,695 7,167 9,521 14,036 −5.7 −10.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 67 366 472 493 1,242 −81.7 −51.8

Brazil ....................................................... − 52 23 392 98 −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... 1,178 777 1,099 1,416 2,078 51.5 −13.2

China (Taiwan)....................................... 1,978 2,397 2,643 3,625 3,333 −17.5 −12.2

Denmark .................................................. −−− 33 172 − −

Finland .................................................... 4 − − 2 −− −

France...................................................... 548 262 146 665 1,812 108.6 −25.9

Germany, FR .......................................... − 187 − − − −100.0 −

Iceland ..................................................... 119 76 7 − 31 56.3 40.0

Ireland ..................................................... − 58 − 16 336 −100.0 −

Israel........................................................ − 217 − − − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 1,745 1,714 805 719 805 1.8 21.3

Jamaica.................................................... 17 62 26 39 35 −73.0 −16.4

Japan ....................................................... 93 53 100 269 303 74.0 −25.6

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,876 1,523 1,163 1,256 1,191 23.2 12.0

Netherlands ............................................. 581 621 268 241 1,312 −6.5 −18.4

Norway.................................................... 140 142 74 91 98 −1.4 9.3

Portugal................................................... 229 − 24 − −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 22 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 231 − − 98 −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

106 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Kentucky (Continued)

Sweden.................................................... − − 16 195 456 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 197 − − 151 −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 548 758 301 70 447 −27.7 5.2

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 38 − −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 9,246 8,279 6,301 5,508 6,440 11.7 9.5

Argentina ................................................ −−− 46 −− −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − − 29 − 90 − −

Brazil....................................................... 261 380 338 156 148 −31.3 15.1

Bulgaria................................................... −−− 71 73 − −

Canada .................................................... 1,050 713 844 597 1,599 47.4 −10.0

Chile........................................................ − − − − 37 − −

Costa Rica............................................... − − − − * − −

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 159 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 801 1,589 508 187 1,441 −49.6 −13.7

Dominican Republic............................... 50 18 65 59 157 172.7 −24.8

Finland .................................................... 283 544 71 56 − −48.1 −

France...................................................... 89 9 − 188 184 NM −16.7

Germany, FR .......................................... 256 383 197 102 151 −33.3 14.0

Greece ..................................................... 491 − − − −− −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,067 1,161 1,015 911 − −8.0 −

Israel........................................................ 1,068 995 922 940 1,090 7.4 −.5

Italy ......................................................... 89 − 601 50 −− −

Japan ....................................................... 1,057 916 834 1,384 921 15.3 3.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 195 109 214 91 − 78.4 −

Malaysia.................................................. − − − − * − −

Mexico .................................................... − − − − 18 − −

Morocco .................................................. 173 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 732 593 261 − 2 23.5 349.7

Norway.................................................... 30 28 14 30 48 5.1 −11.5

Panama.................................................... − − − − * − −

Paraguay.................................................. − − − − 3 − −

Portugal................................................... 592 472 378 467 302 25.5 18.3

Qatar........................................................ − − − − * − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... −−− * −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 112 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

Surinam ................................................... −−− * * − −

Sweden.................................................... − − − − 1 − −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−− 1 2 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 43 − − − −100.0 −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−− * −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 851 299 − * − 184.9 −

Venezuela................................................ 1 9 11 15 39 −88.6 −59.5

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 132 − −

Utah ........................................................... 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 35.0 23.8

Canada .................................................... −−− 346 −− −

Chile........................................................ 445 170 − − − 162.1 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 648 323 321 849 721 100.4 −2.6

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 359 − −

Japan ....................................................... 4,058 3,000 2,377 1,764 1,180 35.3 36.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 154 438 − − −−64.7 −

Mexico .................................................... −−− * −− −

Virginia ..................................................... 13,432 9,742 11,683 14,251 17,224 37.9 −6.0

Algeria .................................................... 206 166 269 344 534 24.1 −21.2

Argentina ................................................ − − 53 52 −− −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,078 764 884 1,147 2,284 41.2 −17.1

Brazil....................................................... 1,228 1,091 1,218 1,741 2,252 12.5 −14.1

Bulgaria................................................... −−− 242 172 − −

Canada .................................................... 387 445 786 1,229 1,331 −13.0 −26.5

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − 15 * −− −

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 251 −− −

Denmark.................................................. − − − − 60 − −

Egypt....................................................... 835 333 436 234 239 150.7 36.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 107 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Virginia (Continued)

France...................................................... 910 625 563 737 915 45.7 −0.1

Germany, FR .......................................... − 68 9 50 37 −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 2,198 1,474 1,804 1,364 1,345 49.1 13.1

Japan ....................................................... 2,300 1,796 2,114 2,410 2,754 28.0 −4.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 466 589 539 853 1,244 −20.9 −21.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,193 793 766 1,009 1,192 50.4 *

Portugal ................................................... 145 105 91 − 284 38.0 −15.5

Romania .................................................. 32 − 223 − 145 − −31.3

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 76 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,370 847 1,297 1,682 1,339 61.7 .6

Sweden.................................................... 185 115 37 − − 60.9 −

Turkey..................................................... 24 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 798 531 579 905 1,054 50.3 −6.7

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 44 − −

West Virginia ........................................... 42,044 44,321 36,205 33,159 50,806 −5.1 −4.6

Algeria .................................................... − − * − −− −

Argentina ................................................ − − 35 132 169 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,182 2,020 2,312 2,209 1,785 8.0 5.1

Brazil....................................................... 4,256 4,329 4,109 2,496 2,907 −1.7 10.0

Bulgaria................................................... 1,214 1,360 1,571 644 619 −10.8 18.3

Canada .................................................... 7,222 5,784 5,644 4,108 8,911 24.9 −5.1

Chile........................................................ 195 118 − − − 66.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 353 355 284 141 283 −.7 5.7

Croatia ..................................................... − 72 − 63 245 −100.0 −

Denmark .................................................. − 189 − 168 2,397 −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... 303 714 593 601 557 −57.5 −14.1

Finland .................................................... 507 792 375 212 207 −36.0 25.0

France...................................................... 3,676 4,408 3,514 3,400 6,311 −16.6 −12.6

Germany, FR .......................................... 943 1,107 382 635 959 −14.9 −.4

Iceland..................................................... − − − − 8 − −

India ........................................................ 11 − − − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 117 822 − −

Israel........................................................ 375 − − − 210 − 15.6

Italy ......................................................... 4,965 5,138 3,634 3,815 6,299 −3.4 −5.8

Jamaica.................................................... 36 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 2,062 3,431 2,595 2,691 3,313 −39.9 −11.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,050 1,013 523 318 − 3.7 −

Morocco .................................................. 1,111 275 101 79 170 304.0 59.9

Netherlands ............................................. 1,636 3,628 3,340 3,205 3,804 −54.9 −19.0

Nigeria .................................................... −−− 43 −− −

Norway.................................................... − − − − 15 − −

Portugal ................................................... 1,128 1,390 674 1,144 962 −18.9 4.0

Romania .................................................. 1,315 1,623 925 820 376 −19.0 36.7

Slovenia .................................................. − − − − 69 − −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 947 946 771 577 408 .1 23.4

Spain ....................................................... 887 1,084 1,255 1,211 1,501 −18.1 −12.3

Sweden.................................................... 882 1,352 886 603 819 −34.8 1.9

Turkey..................................................... 1,655 1,560 1,468 1,370 1,429 6.1 3.7

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,133 1,633 1,212 2,359 4,816 91.9 −10.2

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 436 − −

Wyoming ................................................... 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 5.5 17.0

Canada .................................................... 443 32 − − − NM −

Japan ....................................................... −−− * −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 63 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,889 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 −15.6 10.3

Major States Total................................... 90,506 88,722 71,811 74,801 100,619 2.0 −2.6

Albania.................................................... − − − − 21 − −

Algeria .................................................... 206 166 269 344 534 24.1 −21.2

Argentina ................................................ 216 306 356 548 326 −29.5 −9.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 4,106 3,724 4,324 4,715 6,320 10.2 −10.2

Brazil....................................................... 6,312 6,416 5,730 4,977 5,704 −1.6 2.6

Bulgaria................................................... 1,422 1,488 1,607 1,065 863 −4.4 13.3

Canada .................................................... 10,280 7,750 8,373 7,696 13,919 32.6 −7.3

Chile........................................................ 640 287 − − 37 122.8 103.4

See footnotes at end of table.

108 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Major States Total (Continued)

China (Taiwan)....................................... 3,197 3,310 3,397 4,656 4,382 −3.4 −7.6

Costa Rica............................................... − − − − * − −

Croatia..................................................... − 72 − 473 245 −100.0 −

Denmark.................................................. 1,165 2,320 508 388 4,116 −49.8 −27.1

Dominican Republic............................... 50 18 65 59 157 172.7 −24.8

Egypt....................................................... 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 796 −1.7 9.4

Finland .................................................... 794 1,337 446 269 207 −40.6 39.9

France...................................................... 5,223 5,362 4,223 4,990 9,222 −2.6 −13.3

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,708 2,668 588 787 1,147 −36.0 10.5

Greece ..................................................... 491 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − 46 − 359 − −

Iceland ..................................................... 119 76 7 − 39 56.3 32.3

India ........................................................ 11 − − − −− −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,067 1,219 1,015 1,152 1,371 −12.4 −6.1

Israel........................................................ 1,473 1,212 922 940 1,300 21.5 3.2

Italy ......................................................... 9,656 9,298 7,409 6,377 8,955 3.8 1.9

Jamaica.................................................... 53 62 26 39 35 −15.6 11.1

Japan ....................................................... 10,840 11,254 9,918 11,747 11,537 −3.7 −1.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 4,582 4,526 3,332 3,470 3,219 1.2 9.2

Malaysia.................................................. − − − − * − −

Mexico .................................................... 758 − − * 18 − 156.3

Morocco .................................................. 1,388 1,050 101 571 520 32.2 27.8

Netherlands ............................................. 4,398 5,911 4,723 4,455 6,310 −25.6 −8.6

Nigeria .................................................... −−− 43 −− −

Norway.................................................... 169 170 88 121 161 −.3 1.2

Panama.................................................... − − − − * − −

Paraguay.................................................. − − − − 3 − −

Portugal................................................... 2,094 1,967 1,167 1,611 1,548 6.4 7.8

Qatar........................................................ − − − − * − −

Romania .................................................. 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 705 −28.3 21.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 22 − − * −− −

Slovenia .................................................. − − − − 69 − −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,192 946 771 577 620 26.0 17.8

Spain ....................................................... 4,197 4,465 4,103 3,867 4,215 −6.0 −.1

Surinam ................................................... −−− * * − −

Sweden.................................................... 1,091 1,466 939 798 1,276 −25.6 −3.8

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−− 1 2 − −

Turkey..................................................... 2,005 2,116 1,606 1,623 2,003 −5.2 *

United Arab Emirates............................. −−− * −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 6,925 4,476 2,963 4,600 7,672 54.7 −2.5

Venezuela................................................ 1 9 11 15 39 −88.6 −59.5

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 650 − −

Other States Total ................................... 1,693 1,185 870 709 761 42.8 22.1

Brazil....................................................... − 188 184 295 − −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... 319 273 93 55 * 16.9 426.7

France...................................................... − − − − 9 − −

Ireland ..................................................... 80 − − − 10 − 68.5

Mexico .................................................... − 498 − 11 − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... − − 153 − 53 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... − − − − 4 − −

Unknown................................................. 1,294 226 439 348 685 471.6 17.3

U.S. Total .................................................. 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 2.5 −2.3

Albania.................................................... − − − − 21 − −

Algeria .................................................... 206 166 269 344 534 24.1 −21.2

Argentina ................................................ 216 306 356 548 326 −29.5 −9.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 4,106 3,724 4,324 4,715 6,320 10.2 −10.2

Brazil....................................................... 6,312 6,605 5,914 5,271 5,704 −4.4 2.6

Bulgaria................................................... 1,422 1,488 1,607 1,065 863 −4.4 13.3

Canada .................................................... 10,599 8,023 8,467 7,751 13,919 32.1 −6.6

Chile........................................................ 640 287 − − 37 122.8 103.4

China (Taiwan)....................................... 3,197 3,310 3,397 4,656 4,382 −3.4 −7.6

Costa Rica............................................... − − − − * − −

Croatia..................................................... − 72 − 473 245 −100.0 −

Denmark.................................................. 1,165 2,320 508 388 4,116 −49.8 −27.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 109 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

U.S. Total (Continued)

Dominican Republic............................... 50 18 65 59 157 172.7 −24.8

Egypt....................................................... 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 796 −1.7 9.4

Finland .................................................... 794 1,337 446 269 207 −40.6 39.9

France...................................................... 5,223 5,362 4,223 4,990 9,230 −2.6 −13.3

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,708 2,668 588 787 1,147 −36.0 10.5

Greece ..................................................... 491 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − 46 − 359 − −

Iceland ..................................................... 119 76 7 − 39 56.3 32.3

India ........................................................ 11 − − − −− −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,147 1,219 1,015 1,152 1,381 −5.8 −4.5

Israel........................................................ 1,473 1,212 922 940 1,300 21.5 3.2

Italy ......................................................... 9,656 9,298 7,409 6,377 8,955 3.8 1.9

Jamaica.................................................... 53 62 26 39 35 −15.6 11.1

Japan ....................................................... 10,840 11,254 9,918 11,747 11,537 −3.7 −1.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 4,582 4,526 3,332 3,470 3,219 1.2 9.2

Malaysia.................................................. − − − − * − −

Mexico .................................................... 758 498 − 11 18 52.2 156.3

Morocco .................................................. 1,388 1,050 101 571 520 32.2 27.8

Netherlands ............................................. 4,398 5,911 4,723 4,455 6,310 −25.6 −8.6

Nigeria .................................................... −−− 43 −− −

Norway.................................................... 169 170 88 121 161 −.3 1.2

Panama.................................................... − − − − * − −

Paraguay.................................................. − − − − 3 − −

Portugal................................................... 2,094 1,967 1,167 1,611 1,548 6.4 7.8

Qatar........................................................ − − − − * − −

Romania .................................................. 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 705 −28.3 21.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 22 − − * −− −

Slovenia .................................................. − − − − 69 − −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,192 946 771 577 620 26.0 17.8

Spain ....................................................... 4,197 4,465 4,256 3,867 4,268 −6.0 −.4

Surinam ................................................... −−− * * − −

Sweden.................................................... 1,091 1,466 939 798 1,276 −25.6 −3.8

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−− 1 2 − −

Turkey..................................................... 2,005 2,116 1,606 1,623 2,003 −5.2 *

United Arab Emirates............................. −−− * −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 6,925 4,476 2,963 4,600 7,676 54.7 −2.5

Venezuela................................................ 1 9 11 15 39 −88.6 −59.5

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 650 − −

Unknown................................................. 1,294 226 439 348 685 471.6 17.3

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1996. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding. Foreign distribution to some countries for 1992 through 1995 have been revised.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

110 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Alabama .................................................... 4,523 5,330 4,359 5,846 5,800 −15.1 −6.0

Albania.................................................... − − − − 21 − −

Argentina ................................................ 216 306 268 319 157 −29.5 8.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 703 574 627 866 861 22.3 −5.0

Brazil ....................................................... 566 564 42 193 − .3 −

Bulgaria ................................................... 208 128 35 109 − 63.2 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... −−− 42 45 − −

Egypt....................................................... − 111 − − − −100.0 −

France ...................................................... − − * − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 184 201 − − − −8.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 318 314 421 429 378 1.5 −4.2

Japan ....................................................... 861 1,358 1,266 2,199 2,340 −36.6 −22.1

Netherlands ............................................. 73 217 88 − − −66.1 −

Romania .................................................. 170 492 602 171 183 −65.5 −2.0

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 57 −−− 212 − −28.0

Spain ....................................................... 52 48 − − − 8.4 −

Turkey..................................................... 326 302 137 253 424 8.0 −6.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 789 717 872 1,266 1,179 10.1 −9.6

Colorado.................................................... 30 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 30 − − − −− −

Illinois........................................................ − 49 236 109 614 −100.0 −100.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−−− 58 − −

Brazil....................................................... − − − − 298 − −

Japan ....................................................... − 49 236 109 32 −100.0 −

Korea, Republic of ................................. −−−− 50 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... − − − − 175 − −

Kentucky ................................................... 5,303 3,640 3,120 4,415 5,916 45.7 −2.7

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 67 − 66 56 665 − −43.7

Brazil ....................................................... − 52 23 392 98 −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... 1,178 777 1,073 1,356 1,373 51.5 −3.8

China (Taiwan)....................................... − 76 98 140 123 −100.0 −

France...................................................... 548 262 146 400 427 108.6 6.4

Germany, FR .......................................... − 93 − − − −100.0 −

Iceland ..................................................... 119 76 7 − 31 56.3 40.0

Italy ......................................................... 132 − 42 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 93 53 67 219 303 74.0 −25.6

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,876 1,523 1,163 1,256 1,191 23.2 12.0

Netherlands ............................................. 581 102 45 241 766 468.8 −6.7

Norway.................................................... 140 142 74 91 98 −1.4 9.3

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 22 − − − −− −

Sweden.................................................... − − 16 195 456 − −

Turkey..................................................... − − − − 151 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 548 483 301 70 197 13.5 29.1

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 38 − −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 1,642 1,467 1,624 1,919 1,301 11.9 6.0

Argentina ................................................ −−− 46 −− −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − − 29 − −− −

Brazil....................................................... 258 371 333 148 137 −30.4 17.2

Bulgaria................................................... −−− 71 73 − −

Canada .................................................... − 4 − 10 − −100.0 −

Chile........................................................ − − − − 37 − −

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 114 −− −

Dominican Republic............................... − − 23 − −− −

Finland .................................................... −−− 56 −− −

France...................................................... 89 − − − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... − 66 174 − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 920 916 834 1,384 921 .4 *

Korea, Republic of ................................. 101 109 214 91 − −7.8 −

Netherlands ............................................. 162 − 17 − −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 112 − − − −− −

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 132 − −

Utah ........................................................... 187 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 187 − − − −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 111 
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Virginia ..................................................... 12,760 8,921 11,155 13,747 14,389 43.0 −3.0

Algeria .................................................... 206 166 269 344 534 24.1 −21.2

Argentina ................................................ − − 53 52 −− −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,078 764 884 1,147 1,972 41.2 −14.0

Brazil....................................................... 1,228 1,091 1,218 1,741 2,252 12.5 −14.1

Bulgaria................................................... −−− 242 172 − −

Canada .................................................... 387 445 786 1,229 − −13.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − 15 * −− −

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 251 −− −

Egypt....................................................... 835 333 436 234 239 150.7 36.8

France...................................................... 910 625 563 737 846 45.7 1.8

Germany, FR .......................................... − 68 9 50 37 −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 1,696 758 1,445 951 622 123.8 28.5

Japan ....................................................... 2,300 1,796 2,037 2,355 2,689 28.0 −3.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. 466 589 539 853 1,244 −20.9 −21.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,193 793 766 973 1,192 50.4 *

Portugal................................................... − − − − 73 − −

Romania .................................................. 32 − 223 − 145 − −31.3

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 76 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,370 847 1,297 1,682 1,274 61.7 1.8

Sweden.................................................... 185 115 37 − − 60.9 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 798 531 579 905 1,054 50.3 −6.7

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 44 − −

West Virginia ........................................... 31,717 34,633 31,603 26,504 33,413 −8.4 −1.3

Algeria .................................................... − − * − −− −

Argentina ................................................ − − 35 132 169 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,261 1,175 1,302 1,396 538 7.3 23.7

Brazil....................................................... 4,247 4,329 4,109 2,496 2,907 −1.9 9.9

Bulgaria................................................... 1,152 1,360 1,571 644 619 −15.3 16.8

Canada .................................................... 6,907 5,759 5,605 4,071 8,021 19.9 −3.7

Chile........................................................ 43 − − − −− −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 353 355 284 141 283 −.7 5.7

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 63 245 − −

Egypt....................................................... 303 714 593 601 557 −57.5 −14.1

Finland .................................................... 507 683 375 212 207 −25.8 25.0

France...................................................... 2,859 3,594 3,514 2,864 3,216 −20.4 −2.9

Germany, FR .......................................... 584 254 382 286 314 130.4 16.8

Iceland..................................................... − − − − 8 − −

India ........................................................ 11 − − − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 2,361 2,873 2,927 3,111 4,899 −17.8 −16.7

Japan ....................................................... 2,062 3,222 2,148 2,260 2,895 −36.0 −8.1

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,050 1,013 523 318 − 3.7 −

Netherlands ............................................. 1,223 1,523 1,717 2,014 2,486 −19.7 −16.3

Nigeria .................................................... −−− 43 −− −

Norway.................................................... − − − − 15 − −

Portugal................................................... 164 33 − 151 108 389.9 10.9

Romania .................................................. 1,315 1,623 925 820 376 −19.0 36.7

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 947 946 771 577 408 .1 23.4

Spain ....................................................... 818 1,084 1,255 1,071 1,232 −24.5 −9.7

Sweden.................................................... 882 1,352 886 603 819 −34.8 1.9

Turkey..................................................... 1,643 1,560 1,468 1,370 1,429 5.3 3.5

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,024 1,182 1,212 1,261 1,225 −13.3 −4.4

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 436 − −

Major States Total................................... 56,162 54,039 52,098 52,541 61,432 3.9 −2.2

Albania.................................................... − − − − 21 − −

Algeria .................................................... 206 166 269 344 534 24.1 −21.2

Argentina ................................................ 216 306 356 548 326 −29.5 −9.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 3,109 2,513 2,908 3,465 4,094 23.7 −6.6

Brazil....................................................... 6,298 6,407 5,725 4,969 5,692 −1.7 2.6

Bulgaria................................................... 1,361 1,488 1,607 1,065 863 −8.6 12.0

Canada .................................................... 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 9,394 21.3 −2.5

Chile........................................................ 43 − − − 37 − 3.4

China (Taiwan)....................................... 353 431 397 323 451 −18.2 −6.0

Croatia..................................................... −−− 428 245 − −

Dominican Republic............................... − − 23 − −− −

Egypt....................................................... 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 796 −1.7 9.4

See footnotes at end of table.

112 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Major States Total (Continued)

Finland .................................................... 507 683 375 267 207 −25.8 25.0

France...................................................... 4,406 4,481 4,223 4,001 4,489 −1.7 −.5

Germany, FR .......................................... 769 681 565 336 352 12.9 21.6

Iceland ..................................................... 119 76 7 − 39 56.3 32.3

India ........................................................ 11 − − − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 4,507 3,944 4,836 4,491 5,899 14.3 −6.5

Japan ....................................................... 6,453 7,395 6,588 8,525 9,181 −12.7 −8.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,493 3,234 2,438 2,517 2,485 8.0 8.9

Netherlands ............................................. 3,233 2,635 2,633 3,228 4,444 22.7 −7.6

Nigeria .................................................... −−− 43 −− −

Norway.................................................... 140 142 74 91 113 −1.4 5.4

Portugal................................................... 164 33 − 151 181 389.9 −2.5

Romania .................................................. 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 705 −28.3 21.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 22 − − − −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,192 946 771 577 620 26.0 17.8

Spain ....................................................... 2,240 1,979 2,552 2,754 2,505 13.2 −2.8

Sweden.................................................... 1,066 1,466 939 798 1,276 −27.3 −4.4

Turkey..................................................... 1,969 1,862 1,606 1,623 2,003 5.7 −.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,160 2,913 2,963 3,503 3,831 8.5 −4.7

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 650 − −

Other States Total ................................... − 188 184 295 − −100.0 −

Brazil....................................................... − 188 184 295 − −100.0 −

U.S. Total .................................................. 56,162 54,228 52,282 52,835 61,432 3.6 −2.2

Albania.................................................... − − − − 21 − −

Algeria .................................................... 206 166 269 344 534 24.1 −21.2

Argentina ................................................ 216 306 356 548 326 −29.5 −9.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 3,109 2,513 2,908 3,465 4,094 23.7 −6.6

Brazil....................................................... 6,298 6,596 5,909 5,264 5,692 −4.5 2.6

Bulgaria................................................... 1,361 1,488 1,607 1,065 863 −8.6 12.0

Canada .................................................... 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 9,394 21.3 −2.5

Chile........................................................ 43 − − − 37 − 3.4

China (Taiwan)....................................... 353 431 397 323 451 −18.2 −6.0

Croatia..................................................... −−− 428 245 − −

Dominican Republic............................... − − 23 − −− −

Egypt....................................................... 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 796 −1.7 9.4

Finland .................................................... 507 683 375 267 207 −25.8 25.0

France...................................................... 4,406 4,481 4,223 4,001 4,489 −1.7 −.5

Germany, FR .......................................... 769 681 565 336 352 12.9 21.6

Iceland ..................................................... 119 76 7 − 39 56.3 32.3

India ........................................................ 11 − − − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 4,507 3,944 4,836 4,491 5,899 14.3 −6.5

Japan ....................................................... 6,453 7,395 6,588 8,525 9,181 −12.7 −8.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,493 3,234 2,438 2,517 2,485 8.0 8.9

Netherlands ............................................. 3,233 2,635 2,633 3,228 4,444 22.7 −7.6

Nigeria .................................................... −−− 43 −− −

Norway.................................................... 140 142 74 91 113 −1.4 5.4

Portugal................................................... 164 33 − 151 181 389.9 −2.5

Romania .................................................. 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 705 −28.3 21.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 22 − − − −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,192 946 771 577 620 26.0 17.8

Spain ....................................................... 2,240 1,979 2,552 2,754 2,505 13.2 −2.8

Sweden.................................................... 1,066 1,466 939 798 1,276 −27.3 −4.4

Turkey..................................................... 1,969 1,862 1,606 1,623 2,003 5.7 −.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,160 2,913 2,963 3,503 3,831 8.5 −4.7

Yugoslavia, FR ....................................... − − − − 650 − −

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1996. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding. Foreign distribution to some countries for 1992 through 1995 have been revised.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 113 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Alabama .................................................... 341 702 170 43 131 −51.5 27.0

Denmark.................................................. − 26 − − − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 341 617 144 − 128 −44.8 27.8

Japan ....................................................... −−− 3 3 − −

Morocco .................................................. −−− 39 −− −

Netherlands ............................................. − 59 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... − − 27 − −− −

Alaska........................................................ 776 855 716 743 734 −9.2 1.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 776 855 716 743 734 −9.2 1.4

Colorado .................................................... 1,385 900 752 1,128 669 53.9 20.0

China (Taiwan)....................................... 219 235 134 − − −6.5 −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − 46 − −− −

Israel........................................................ 30 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 314 651 395 918 669 −51.9 −17.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. 65 − 177 209 −− −

Mexico .................................................... 758 − − − −− −

Turkey..................................................... − 14 − − − −100.0 −

Illinois........................................................ 1,886 2,650 − 561 629 −28.8 31.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 76 − − − −− −

Brazil....................................................... 1 − − − −− −

Denmark.................................................. 364 516 − − 45 −29.4 68.2

France...................................................... − 57 − − − −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 325 722 − − − −54.9 −

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 108 213 − −

Italy ......................................................... − 42 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 66 − − − 21 − 33.8

Morocco .................................................. 103 775 − 452 350 −86.7 −26.3

Netherlands ............................................. 120 − − − −− −

Sweden.................................................... 25 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 805 538 − − − 49.7 −

Kentucky ................................................... 3,841 6,055 4,047 5,106 8,120 −36.6 −17.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − 366 406 437 577 −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... − − 26 60 705 − −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 1,978 2,321 2,545 3,485 3,211 −14.8 −11.4

Denmark .................................................. −−− 33 172 − −

Finland .................................................... 4 − − 2 −− −

France ...................................................... −−− 266 1,385 − −

Germany, FR .......................................... − 95 − − − −100.0 −

Ireland ..................................................... − 58 − 16 336 −100.0 −

Israel........................................................ − 217 − − − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 1,613 1,714 763 719 805 −5.9 19.0

Jamaica.................................................... 17 62 26 39 35 −73.0 −16.4

Japan ....................................................... − − 33 50 −− −

Netherlands ............................................. − 519 223 − 546 −100.0 −

Portugal................................................... 229 − 24 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 231 − − 98 −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... − 197 − − − −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... − 275 − − 250 −100.0 −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 7,604 6,812 4,677 3,589 5,139 11.6 10.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−−− 90 − −

Brazil....................................................... 3 9 5 7 12 −71.1 −31.2

Canada .................................................... 1,050 708 844 587 1,599 48.2 −10.0

Costa Rica............................................... − − − − * − −

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 45 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 801 1,589 508 187 1,441 −49.6 −13.7

Dominican Republic............................... 50 18 42 59 157 172.7 −24.8

Finland .................................................... 283 544 71 − − −48.1 −

France...................................................... − 9 − 188 184 −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 256 317 23 102 151 −19.3 14.0

Greece ..................................................... 491 − − − −− −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,067 1,161 1,015 911 − −8.0 −

Israel........................................................ 1,068 995 922 940 1,090 7.4 −.5

Italy ......................................................... 89 − 601 50 −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

114 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Japan ....................................................... 136 − − − −− −

Korea, Republic of ................................. 94 − − − −− −

Malaysia.................................................. − − − − * − −

Mexico .................................................... − − − − 18 − −

Morocco .................................................. 173 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 570 593 244 − 2 −3.8 322.5

Norway.................................................... 30 28 14 30 48 5.1 −11.5

Panama.................................................... − − − − * − −

Paraguay.................................................. − − − − 3 − −

Portugal................................................... 592 472 378 467 302 25.5 18.3

Qatar........................................................ − − − − * − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... −−− * −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

Surinam ................................................... −−− * * − −

Sweden.................................................... − − − − 1 − −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−− 1 2 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 43 − − − −100.0 −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−− * −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 851 299 − * − 184.9 −

Venezuela................................................ 1 9 11 15 39 −88.6 −59.5

Utah ........................................................... 5,118 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 30.2 22.7

Canada .................................................... −−− 346 −− −

Chile........................................................ 445 170 − − − 162.1 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 648 323 321 849 721 100.4 −2.6

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 359 − −

Japan ....................................................... 3,871 3,000 2,377 1,764 1,180 29.1 34.6

Korea, Republic of ................................. 154 438 − − −−64.7 −

Mexico .................................................... −−− * −− −

Virginia ..................................................... 671 821 527 503 2,835 −18.2 −30.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−−− 312 − −

Canada .................................................... − − − − 1,331 − −

Denmark.................................................. − − − − 60 − −

France...................................................... − − − − 68 − −

Italy ......................................................... 502 716 359 413 723 −29.9 −8.7

Japan ....................................................... − − 77 55 65 − −

Netherlands ............................................. −−− 36 −− −

Portugal ................................................... 145 105 91 − 210 38.0 −8.9

Spain ....................................................... − − − − 66 − −

Turkey..................................................... 24 − − − −− −

West Virginia ........................................... 10,327 9,688 4,602 6,655 17,393 6.6 −12.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 921 845 1,010 813 1,247 8.9 −7.3

Brazil....................................................... 10 * − − − NM −

Bulgaria................................................... 62 − − − −− −

Canada .................................................... 315 25 40 37 890 NM −22.8

Chile........................................................ 152 118 − − − 29.7 −

Croatia..................................................... − 72 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark .................................................. − 189 − 168 2,397 −100.0 −

Finland .................................................... − 109 − − − −100.0 −

France ...................................................... 817 815 − 536 3,095 .3 −28.3

Germany, FR .......................................... 358 854 − 349 644 −58.0 −13.6

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 117 822 − −

Israel........................................................ 375 − − − 210 − 15.6

Italy ......................................................... 2,604 2,266 707 705 1,400 14.9 16.8

Jamaica.................................................... 36 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... − 209 448 431 418 −100.0 −

Morocco .................................................. 1,111 275 101 79 170 304.0 59.9

Netherlands ............................................. 413 2,105 1,623 1,191 1,318 −80.4 −25.2

Portugal................................................... 964 1,357 674 993 854 −29.0 3.1

Slovenia .................................................. − − − − 69 − −

Spain ....................................................... 69 − − 140 269 − −28.9

Turkey..................................................... 12 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,109 451 − 1,097 3,590 367.9 −12.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 115 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

Wyoming ................................................... 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 5.5 17.0

Canada .................................................... 443 32 − − − NM −

Japan ....................................................... −−− * −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 63 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,889 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 −15.6 10.3

Major States Total................................... 34,344 34,683 19,713 22,261 39,187 −1.0 −3.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 997 1,211 1,416 1,250 2,226 −17.7 −18.2

Brazil....................................................... 14 9 5 7 12 51.8 4.2

Bulgaria................................................... 62 − − − −− −

Canada .................................................... 1,808 765 910 1,030 4,525 136.4 −20.5

Chile........................................................ 597 287 − − − 107.9 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,845 2,879 3,000 4,334 3,931 −1.2 −7.8

Costa Rica............................................... − − − − * − −

Croatia ..................................................... − 72 − 45 − −100.0 −

Denmark.................................................. 1,165 2,320 508 388 4,116 −49.8 −27.1

Dominican Republic............................... 50 18 42 59 157 172.7 −24.8

Finland .................................................... 287 654 71 2 − −56.1 −

France ...................................................... 817 882 − 989 4,732 −7.3 −35.5

Germany, FR .......................................... 939 1,987 23 451 796 −52.7 4.2

Greece ..................................................... 491 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − 46 − 359 − −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,067 1,219 1,015 1,152 1,371 −12.4 −6.1

Israel........................................................ 1,473 1,212 922 940 1,300 21.5 3.2

Italy ......................................................... 5,149 5,354 2,573 1,886 3,056 −3.8 13.9

Jamaica.................................................... 53 62 26 39 35 −15.6 11.1

Japan ....................................................... 4,387 3,860 3,330 3,222 2,356 13.7 16.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,089 1,292 894 952 734 −15.7 10.4

Malaysia.................................................. − − − − * − −

Mexico .................................................... 758 − − * 18 − 156.3

Morocco .................................................. 1,388 1,050 101 571 520 32.2 27.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,165 3,276 2,090 1,227 1,866 −64.4 −11.1

Norway.................................................... 30 28 14 30 48 5.1 −11.5

Panama.................................................... − − − − * − −

Paraguay.................................................. − − − − 3 − −

Portugal................................................... 1,930 1,933 1,167 1,460 1,366 −.2 9.0

Qatar........................................................ − − − − * − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... −−− * −− −

Slovenia .................................................. − − − − 69 − −

Spain ....................................................... 1,957 2,486 1,550 1,113 1,710 −21.3 3.4

Surinam ................................................... −−− * * − −

Sweden.................................................... 25 − − − 1 − 129.1

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−− 1 2 − −

Turkey..................................................... 37 254 − − − −85.6 −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−− * −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,765 1,563 − 1,098 3,840 140.9 −.5

Venezuela................................................ 1 9 11 15 39 −88.6 −59.5

Other States Total ................................... 1,693 997 686 414 761 69.9 22.1

Canada .................................................... 319 273 93 55 * 16.9 426.7

France...................................................... − − − − 9 − −

Ireland ..................................................... 80 − − − 10 − 68.5

Mexico .................................................... − 498 − 11 − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... − − 153 − 53 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... − − − − 4 − −

Unknown................................................. 1,294 226 439 348 685 471.6 17.3

U.S. Total .................................................. 36,037 35,680 20,399 22,675 39,948 1.0 −2.5

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 997 1,211 1,416 1,250 2,226 −17.7 −18.2

Brazil....................................................... 14 9 5 7 12 51.8 4.2

Bulgaria................................................... 62 − − − −− −

Canada .................................................... 2,127 1,037 1,003 1,085 4,525 105.0 −17.2

Chile........................................................ 597 287 − − − 107.9 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,845 2,879 3,000 4,334 3,931 −1.2 −7.8

Costa Rica............................................... − − − − * − −

Croatia ..................................................... − 72 − 45 − −100.0 −

Denmark.................................................. 1,165 2,320 508 388 4,116 −49.8 −27.1

See footnotes at end of table.

116 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1992-1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Change and Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996

U.S. Total (Continued)

Dominican Republic............................... 50 18 42 59 157 172.7 −24.8

Finland .................................................... 287 654 71 2 − −56.1 −

France ...................................................... 817 882 − 989 4,741 −7.3 −35.6

Germany, FR .......................................... 939 1,987 23 451 796 −52.7 4.2

Greece ..................................................... 491 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − 46 − 359 − −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,147 1,219 1,015 1,152 1,381 −5.8 −4.5

Israel........................................................ 1,473 1,212 922 940 1,300 21.5 3.2

Italy ......................................................... 5,149 5,354 2,573 1,886 3,056 −3.8 13.9

Jamaica.................................................... 53 62 26 39 35 −15.6 11.1

Japan ....................................................... 4,387 3,860 3,330 3,222 2,356 13.7 16.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,089 1,292 894 952 734 −15.7 10.4

Malaysia.................................................. − − − − * − −

Mexico .................................................... 758 498 − 11 18 52.2 156.3

Morocco .................................................. 1,388 1,050 101 571 520 32.2 27.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,165 3,276 2,090 1,227 1,866 −64.4 −11.1

Norway.................................................... 30 28 14 30 48 5.1 −11.5

Panama.................................................... − − − − * − −

Paraguay.................................................. − − − − 3 − −

Portugal................................................... 1,930 1,933 1,167 1,460 1,366 −.2 9.0

Qatar........................................................ − − − − * − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... −−− * −− −

Slovenia .................................................. − − − − 69 − −

Spain ....................................................... 1,957 2,486 1,704 1,113 1,763 −21.3 2.6

Surinam ................................................... −−− * * − −

Sweden.................................................... 25 − − − 1 − 129.1

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−− 1 2 − −

Turkey..................................................... 37 254 − − − −85.6 −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−− * −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,765 1,563 − 1,098 3,844 140.9 −.5

Venezuela................................................ 1 9 11 15 39 −88.6 −59.5

Unknown................................................. 1,294 226 439 348 685 471.6 17.3

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1996. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding. Foreign distribution to some countries for 1992 through 1995 have been revised.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 117 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Alabama ............................................................... 7,875 4,613 − 4,864 9,477 6,143 1,108 32 24,636

Alabama ............................................................. 7,323 4,012 − − 4,012 6,059 1,108 − 18,503

Arkansas ............................................................. 29 −− − − 9 − − 39

Florida ................................................................ −− − − − 8 − − 8

Georgia ............................................................... 373 − − − −− − − 373

Indiana ............................................................... 57 − − − −− − − 57

Kentucky ............................................................ 9 −− − − 5 − − 15

Minnesota ........................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Mississippi ......................................................... 80 22 − − 22 9 − − 110

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

North Carolina ................................................... 4 − − − −− − − 4

Ohio ................................................................... −− − − − 51 − − 51

Pennsylvania ...................................................... − 579 − − 579 −− − 579

Tennessee ........................................................... −− − − − 1 − − 1

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 32 32

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 4,864 4,864 −− − 4,864

Alaska ................................................................... 519 − − 776 776 177 − − 1,473

Alaska ................................................................ 519 −− − − 177 − − 697

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 776 776 −− − 776

Arizona ................................................................. 6,499 − − − −− 4,470 − 10,970

Arizona ............................................................... 6,499 − − − −− − − 6,499

Nevada ............................................................... −− − − −− 4,470 − 4,470

Arkansas .............................................................. −− − − − 7 − − 7

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 7 − − 7

Colorado ............................................................... 18,817 1,030 73 793 1,896 4,673 − 18 25,405

Arizona ............................................................... 355 −− − − * − − 355

Colorado ............................................................. 6,566 −− − − 4,138 − − 10,704

Florida ................................................................ −− − 136 136 −− − 136

Illinois ................................................................ 221 349 − − 349 69 − − 640

Iowa ................................................................... 587 5 − − 5 −− − 591

Kansas ................................................................ 1,493 − − − −− − − 1,493

Kentucky ............................................................ 260 − − − −− − − 260

Mississippi ......................................................... 519 − − − −− − − 519

Missouri ............................................................. 1,055 22 − − 22 −− − 1,077

Nebraska ............................................................ 56 − − − −− − − 56

Nevada ............................................................... 132 − − − −− − − 132

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − 88 − − 88

Oregon ............................................................... 94 − − − −− − − 94

Tennessee ........................................................... 3,038 − − − −− − − 3,038

Texas .................................................................. 2,443 − − − −− − − 2,443

Utah .................................................................... 1,204 − − − −− − − 1,204

Washington ........................................................ 37 − − − −− − − 37

Wisconsin ........................................................... − 653 73 − 726 −− − 726

Wyoming ........................................................... −− − − − 378 − − 378

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 18 18

Foreign ............................................................... 758 − − 657 657 −− − 1,415

Illinois ................................................................... 26,181 12,736 47 1,886 14,668 6,187 23 16 47,076

Alabama ............................................................. − 2,155 − − 2,155 −− − 2,155

Arkansas ............................................................. 76 − − − −− − − 76

Colorado ............................................................. 40 − − − −− − − 40

Florida ................................................................ 1,790 4,262 − − 4,262 −− − 6,052

Georgia ............................................................... 1,204 − − − −− − − 1,204

Illinois ................................................................ 10,145 878 − − 878 5,006 23 − 16,052

Indiana ............................................................... 7,806 109 − − 109 263 − − 8,178

Iowa ................................................................... 29 524 − − 524 141 − − 694

Kansas ................................................................ 149 − − − −− − − 149

Kentucky ............................................................ −− − − − 1 − − 1

Michigan ............................................................ 40 − 19 − 19 −− − 59

Minnesota ........................................................... 100 − − − −− − − 100

Mississippi ......................................................... 1,262 469 − − 469 17 − − 1,749

Missouri ............................................................. 3,038 660 − − 660 705 − − 4,403

New Jersey......................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... 17 −− − − 1 − − 18

See footnotes at end of table.

118 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Illinois (Continued)

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 10 − − 10 −− − 10

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 203 3,021 − − 3,021 −− − 3,225

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Wisconsin ........................................................... 282 647 28 − 675 52 − − 1,008

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 16 16

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 1,886 1,886 −− − 1,886

Indiana ................................................................. 16,570 2,756 447 11 3,214 9,378 505 8 29,674

Alabama ............................................................. − 26 − − 26 −− − 26

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Illinois ................................................................ 662 206 − − 206 575 − − 1,444

Indiana ............................................................... 15,161 − 199 − 199 8,445 505 − 24,309

Iowa ................................................................... 504 134 − − 134 −− − 638

Kentucky ............................................................ − 2,297 − − 2,297 312 − − 2,610

Michigan ............................................................ − − 175 − 175 6 − − 181

Missouri ............................................................. − 12 − − 12 4 − − 17

Ohio ................................................................... − 34 − − 34 −− − 34

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 4 − − 4 −− − 4

Tennessee ........................................................... − 41 − − 41 −− − 41

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Wisconsin ........................................................... 243 − 73 − 73 34 − − 349

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 8 8

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 11 11 −− − 11

Kansas .................................................................. −− − − − 245 − − 245

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 164 − − 164

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 69 − − 69

Oklahoma ........................................................... −− − − − 12 − − 12

Kentucky .............................................................. 95,648 32,375 2,043 10,061 44,479 12,161 − 603 152,891

Alabama ............................................................. 1,472 2,374 − − 2,374 23 − − 3,869

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 11 − − 11

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 659 659 −− − 659

Florida ................................................................ 12,949 3,372 − 949 4,321 −− − 17,270

Georgia ............................................................... 14,569 −− − − 120 − − 14,689

Illinois ................................................................ 1,205 274 − − 274 118 − − 1,597

Indiana ............................................................... 2,113 430 − − 430 99 − − 2,642

Iowa ................................................................... 63 586 − − 586 −− − 650

Kentucky ............................................................ 8,208 8,280 − − 8,280 9,213 − − 25,700

Louisiana ............................................................ − 690 − − 690 −− − 690

Maine ................................................................. −− − 271 271 −− − 271

Maryland ............................................................ 97 8 − − 8 −− − 105

Massachusetts .................................................... 255 − − 151 151 −− − 407

Michigan ............................................................ 5,717 310 537 − 846 108 − − 6,671

Minnesota ........................................................... − 113 43 − 156 * − − 156

Mississippi ......................................................... 928 107 − − 107 −− − 1,035

Missouri ............................................................. 101 220 − − 220 −− − 320

New Jersey......................................................... −− − 29 29 −− − 29

New York .......................................................... 1,184 8 − 36 43 −− − 1,227

North Carolina ................................................... 16,885 52 − − 52 302 − − 17,240

Ohio ................................................................... 3,885 4,528 38 − 4,566 1,070 − − 9,520

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Oregon ............................................................... 24 − − − −− − − 24

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,079 1,622 − − 1,622 20 − − 2,721

South Carolina ................................................... 11,385 −− − − 33 − − 11,417

Tennessee ........................................................... 7,376 8,972 − − 8,972 834 − − 17,183

Texas .................................................................. 2 23 − − 23 −− − 26

Virginia .............................................................. 5,535 −− − − 126 − − 5,662

West Virginia..................................................... 189 187 − − 187 50 − − 426

Wisconsin ........................................................... 273 218 403 − 621 31 − − 925

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 603 603

Foreign ............................................................... 154 − 1,022 7,966 8,987 2 − − 9,143

Kentucky, Eastern .............................................. 87,381 11,122 2,043 9,395 22,560 6,911 − 553 117,404

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 119 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued)

Alabama ............................................................. 522 182 − − 182 23 − − 727

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 659 659 −− − 659

Florida ................................................................ 12,848 218 − 949 1,167 −− − 14,015

Georgia ............................................................... 14,569 −− − − 120 − − 14,689

Illinois ................................................................ 1,205 207 − − 207 66 − − 1,478

Indiana ............................................................... 1,737 126 − − 126 99 − − 1,962

Iowa ................................................................... 63 376 − − 376 −− − 439

Kentucky ............................................................ 3,270 1,642 − − 1,642 4,414 − − 9,326

Louisiana ............................................................ − 44 − − 44 −− − 44

Maine ................................................................. −− − 271 271 −− − 271

Maryland ............................................................ 97 8 − − 8 −− − 105

Massachusetts .................................................... 255 − − 151 151 −− − 407

Michigan ............................................................ 5,717 310 537 − 846 108 − − 6,671

Minnesota ........................................................... − 91 43 − 134 * − − 135

Mississippi ......................................................... 928 − − − −− − − 928

Missouri ............................................................. 101 214 − − 214 −− − 315

New Jersey......................................................... −− − 29 29 −− − 29

New York .......................................................... 1,184 8 − 36 43 −− − 1,227

North Carolina ................................................... 16,885 52 − − 52 302 − − 17,240

Ohio ................................................................... 3,885 4,497 38 − 4,535 1,070 − − 9,490

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Oregon ............................................................... 24 − − − −− − − 24

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,079 1,622 − − 1,622 20 − − 2,721

South Carolina ................................................... 11,385 −− − − 33 − − 11,417

Tennessee ........................................................... 5,649 1,107 − − 1,107 445 − − 7,202

Texas .................................................................. 2 23 − − 23 −− − 26

Virginia .............................................................. 5,535 −− − − 126 − − 5,662

West Virginia..................................................... 189 187 − − 187 50 − − 426

Wisconsin ........................................................... 97 207 403 − 610 31 − − 738

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 553 553

Foreign ............................................................... 154 − 1,022 7,299 8,321 2 − − 8,477

Kentucky, Western ............................................. 8,267 21,253 − 666 21,919 5,250 − 51 35,487

Alabama ............................................................. 950 2,192 − − 2,192 −− − 3,142

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 11 − − 11

Florida ................................................................ 101 3,154 − − 3,154 −− − 3,254

Illinois ................................................................ − 68 − − 68 51 − − 119

Indiana ............................................................... 376 304 − − 304 −− − 680

Iowa ................................................................... − 211 − − 211 −− − 211

Kentucky ............................................................ 4,938 6,638 − − 6,638 4,799 − − 16,375

Louisiana ............................................................ − 646 − − 646 −− − 646

Minnesota ........................................................... − 22 − − 22 −− − 22

Mississippi ......................................................... − 107 − − 107 −− − 107

Missouri ............................................................. − 5 − − 5 −− − 5

Ohio ................................................................... − 31 − − 31 −− − 31

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,727 7,865 − − 7,865 389 − − 9,981

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Wisconsin ........................................................... 175 11 − − 11 −− − 187

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 51 51

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 666 666 −− − 666

Louisiana .............................................................. −− − − − 787 2,435 − 3,222

Louisiana ............................................................ −− − − − 787 2,435 − 3,222

Maryland .............................................................. 2,728 143 − 645 787 672 − 12 4,199

Connecticut ........................................................ 3 − − − −− − − 3

Delaware ............................................................ 130 − − − −− − − 130

Maryland ............................................................ 739 −− − − 409 − − 1,147

Massachusetts .................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Michigan ............................................................ 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − 4 − − 4

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − 27 − − 27

West Virginia..................................................... 1,838 143 − − 143 232 − − 2,213

Wisconsin ........................................................... 3 − − − −− − − 3

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 12 12

See footnotes at end of table.

120 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Maryland (Continued)

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 645 645 −− − 645

Missouri ................................................................ 184 −− − − 662 − − 846

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 345 − − 345

Missouri ............................................................. 184 −− − − 316 − − 501

Montana ............................................................... 23,181 − 6,948 243 7,192 611 7,303 * 38,288

Colorado ............................................................. 26 − − − −− − − 26

Illinois ................................................................ 2,162 − − − −− − − 2,162

Indiana ............................................................... 869 − − − −− − − 869

Michigan ............................................................ 3,361 − 6,445 − 6,445 −− − 9,806

Minnesota ........................................................... 9,688 − 49 − 49 54 − − 9,791

Mississippi ......................................................... 2,226 − − − −− − − 2,226

Montana ............................................................. 125 −− − − 416 7,303 − 7,844

Nebraska ............................................................ 113 − − − −− − − 113

North Dakota ..................................................... 417 − − − −− − − 417

Ohio ................................................................... − − 26 − 26 −− − 26

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,301 − − − −− − − 1,301

Washington ........................................................ 113 − − − −− − − 113

Wisconsin ........................................................... 2,758 − 165 − 165 27 − − 2,950

Wyoming ........................................................... 10 −− − − 115 − − 125

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − * *

Foreign ............................................................... 11 − 264 243 507 −− − 518

New Mexico ......................................................... 18,448 − − 9 9 7 6,580 − 25,043

Arizona ............................................................... 8,859 −− − − * − − 8,860

Arkansas ............................................................. 1 − − − −− − − 1

Colorado ............................................................. 9 − − − −− − − 9

Nebraska ............................................................ 92 − − − −− − − 92

New Mexico ...................................................... 8,422 −− − − 7 6,580 − 15,009

Oklahoma ........................................................... 17 − − − −− − − 17

Texas .................................................................. 316 − − − −− − − 316

Wisconsin ........................................................... 732 − − − −− − − 732

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 9 9 −− − 9

North Dakota....................................................... 336 −− − − 4,581 25,107 − 30,025

North Dakota ..................................................... 336 −− − − 4,581 25,107 − 30,025

Ohio ...................................................................... 1,759 9,370 97 269 9,736 8,890 8,429 67 28,881

Alabama ............................................................. − 103 − − 103 −− − 103

Illinois ................................................................ −− − − − 5 − − 5

Indiana ............................................................... 23 338 − − 338 102 − − 464

Kentucky ............................................................ − 22 − − 22 9 − − 30

Michigan ............................................................ 5 − 7 − 7 234 − − 246

New York .......................................................... 123 −− − − 2 − − 125

Ohio ................................................................... 1,607 6,302 87 − 6,390 8,057 8,424 − 24,478

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1 598 − − 598 444 − − 1,043

Tennessee ........................................................... − 4 − − 4 −− − 4

West Virginia..................................................... − 2,004 − − 2,004 28 4 − 2,036

Wisconsin ........................................................... −− − − − 9 − − 9

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 67 67

Foreign ............................................................... − − 3 269 271 −− − 271

Oklahoma ............................................................. −− − 80 80 2,129 − 7 2,216

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 170 − − 170

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 63 − − 63

Oklahoma ........................................................... −− − − − 1,712 − − 1,712

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 184 − − 184

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 7 7

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 80 80 −− − 80

Pennsylvania ........................................................ 24,146 11,285 2,648 8,581 22,514 17,008 5,175 284 69,128

Alabama ............................................................. 1 6 − − 6 1 − − 8

Arizona ............................................................... 1 −− − − * − − 1

Arkansas ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

California ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Colorado ............................................................. 16 − − − −− − − 16

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 121 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Connecticut ........................................................ 217 9 − − 9 6 − − 232

Delaware ............................................................ 470 53 − − 53 15 − − 538

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 5 −− − − * − − 6

Georgia ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Idaho .................................................................. * − − − − −− − *

Illinois ................................................................ 6 −− − − 2 − − 7

Indiana ............................................................... * 559 − − 559 6 − − 565

Iowa ................................................................... 53 225 − − 225 1 − − 279

Kansas ................................................................ * − − − − −− − *

Kentucky ............................................................ 488 25 − − 25 9 − − 522

Louisiana ............................................................ 6 195 − − 195 −− − 201

Maine ................................................................. 1 −− − − 3 − − 4

Maryland ............................................................ 1,415 −− − − 189 − − 1,604

Massachusetts .................................................... 197 −− − − 19 − − 216

Michigan ............................................................ 1,945 − 128 − 128 5 − − 2,078

Minnesota ........................................................... 6 23 − − 23 1 − − 30

Mississippi ......................................................... * − − − − −− − *

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Montana ............................................................. 2 −− − − * − − 2

Nebraska ............................................................ * −− − − 1 − − 1

Nevada ............................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New Hampshire ................................................. 527 − − 60 60 8 − − 595

New Jersey......................................................... 538 −− − − 14 − − 551

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... 3,066 36 538 − 574 635 − − 4,276

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... * −− − − 2 − − 2

Ohio ................................................................... 1,499 2,259 608 − 2,867 117 − − 4,483

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 12 −− − − * − − 12

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 12,727 5,537 − − 5,537 15,783 5,175 − 39,222

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 11 639 − − 639 16 − − 665

Texas .................................................................. 1 −− − − * − − 2

Utah .................................................................... 230 − − − − −− − 230

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. * −− − − 11 − − 11

West Virginia..................................................... 6 1,719 − − 1,719 140 − − 1,865

Wisconsin ........................................................... 546 − 812 − 812 9 − − 1,367

Wyoming ........................................................... 1 − − − − −− − 1

Unknown State .................................................. − − − − − −− 284 284

Foreign ............................................................... 152 − 562 8,521 9,083 11 − − 9,246

Pennsylvania Anthracite .................................... 1,313 − − 343 343 3,119 − 62 4,836

Alabama ............................................................. 1 −− − − 1 − − 2

Arizona ............................................................... 1 −− − − * − − 1

Arkansas ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

California ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Colorado ............................................................. 16 − − − − −− − 16

Connecticut ........................................................ * −− − − 5 − − 5

Delaware ............................................................ * −− − − 10 − − 10

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 5 −− − − * − − 6

Georgia ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Idaho .................................................................. * − − − − −− − *

Illinois ................................................................ 6 −− − − 2 − − 7

Indiana ............................................................... * −− − − 6 − − 6

Iowa ................................................................... 53 −− − − 1 − − 54

Kansas ................................................................ * − − − − −− − *

Kentucky ............................................................ 13 −− − − 9 − − 22

Louisiana ............................................................ 6 − − − − −− − 6

Maine ................................................................. 1 −− − − 3 − − 4

Maryland ............................................................ * −− − − 1 − − 1

Massachusetts .................................................... * −− − − 13 − − 14

Michigan ............................................................ * −− − − 3 − − 3

See footnotes at end of table.

122 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania Anthracite (Continued)

Minnesota ........................................................... 6 −− − − 1 − − 7

Mississippi ......................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Montana ............................................................. 2 −− − − * − − 2

Nebraska ............................................................ * −− − − 1 − − 1

Nevada ............................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New Hampshire ................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 4

New Jersey......................................................... * −− − − 13 − − 14

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... 18 −− − − 133 − − 151

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... * −− − − 2 − − 2

Ohio ................................................................... −− − − − 19 − − 19

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 12 −− − − * − − 12

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,006 −− − − 2,815 − − 3,821

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 11 −− − − 16 − − 26

Texas .................................................................. 1 −− − − * − − 1

Utah .................................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. * −− − − 6 − − 6

West Virginia..................................................... −− − − − 32 − − 32

Wisconsin ........................................................... * −− − − 5 − − 5

Wyoming ........................................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 62 62

Foreign ............................................................... 152 − − 343 343 11 − − 506

Pennsylvania Bituminous................................... 22,834 11,285 2,648 8,238 22,171 13,889 5,175 222 64,291

Alabama ............................................................. − 6 − − 6 −− − 6

Connecticut ........................................................ 217 9 − − 9 * − − 227

Delaware ............................................................ 470 53 − − 53 5 − − 528

Indiana ............................................................... − 559 − − 559 −− − 559

Iowa ................................................................... − 225 − − 225 −− − 225

Kentucky ............................................................ 475 25 − − 25 −− − 500

Louisiana ............................................................ − 195 − − 195 −− − 195

Maryland ............................................................ 1,415 −− − − 188 − − 1,602

Massachusetts .................................................... 196 −− − − 6 − − 202

Michigan ............................................................ 1,945 − 128 − 128 2 − − 2,075

Minnesota ........................................................... − 23 − − 23 −− − 23

New Hampshire ................................................. 527 − − 60 60 4 − − 592

New Jersey......................................................... 538 −− − − * − − 538

New York .......................................................... 3,049 36 538 − 574 502 − − 4,125

Ohio ................................................................... 1,499 2,259 608 − 2,867 97 − − 4,463

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 11,721 5,537 − − 5,537 12,968 5,175 − 35,400

Tennessee ........................................................... − 639 − − 639 −− − 639

Texas .................................................................. * −− − − * − − *

Utah .................................................................... 230 − − − −− − − 230

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − 5 − − 5

West Virginia..................................................... 6 1,719 − − 1,719 108 − − 1,833

Wisconsin ........................................................... 546 − 812 − 812 4 − − 1,362

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 222 222

Foreign ............................................................... − − 562 8,177 8,740 −− − 8,740

Tennessee ............................................................. 1,605 458 − − 458 980 − 9 3,052

Alabama ............................................................. − 331 − − 331 −− − 331

Georgia ............................................................... 140 −− − − 1 − − 141

Kentucky ............................................................ −− − − − 23 − − 23

North Carolina ................................................... −− − − − 1 − − 1

Ohio ................................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,466 127 − − 127 956 − − 2,548

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 9 9

Texas ..................................................................... 24,044 − − 117 117 9,854 15,641 − 49,655

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 123
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Texas (Continued)

Texas .................................................................. 24,044 −− − − 9,854 15,641 − 49,538

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 117 117 −− − 117

Utah ...................................................................... 13,409 − 44 5,305 5,349 5,104 − 6 23,868

Arizona ............................................................... 69 − − − −− − − 69

California ........................................................... 2,240 −− − − * − − 2,240

Colorado ............................................................. 1 −− − − 1 − − 2

Idaho .................................................................. 33 −− − − 32 − − 65

Illinois ................................................................ 2,473 − − − −− − − 2,473

Michigan ............................................................ − − 44 − 44 −− − 44

Missouri ............................................................. 330 − − − −− − − 330

Nevada ............................................................... 2,185 −− − − 81 − − 2,265

Oregon ............................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,421 − − − −− − − 1,421

Utah .................................................................... 4,402 −− − − 4,988 − − 9,389

Washington ........................................................ 124 −− − − 1 − − 125

Wisconsin ........................................................... 133 − − − −− − − 133

Wyoming ........................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 6 6

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 5,305 5,305 −− − 5,305

Virginia ................................................................ 17,635 2,517 − 13,645 16,162 1,361 1,007 43 36,208

Alabama ............................................................. 1,022 5 − − 5 9 − − 1,036

Delaware ............................................................ 166 − − − −− − − 166

Florida ................................................................ 549 − − − −− − − 549

Georgia ............................................................... 1,785 −− − − * − − 1,785

Illinois ................................................................ − 547 − − 547 35 − − 583

Indiana ............................................................... 1,338 951 − − 951 −− − 2,290

Kentucky ............................................................ * 2 − − 2 −− − 3

Maryland ............................................................ * −− − − * − − 1

Massachusetts .................................................... 8 − − − −− − − 8

Michigan ............................................................ 25 −− − − * − − 25

Mississippi ......................................................... 13 − − − −− − − 13

New Hampshire ................................................. 10 − − − −− − − 10

New Jersey......................................................... −− − 601 601 −− − 601

New York .......................................................... 146 − − − −− − − 146

North Carolina ................................................... 1,816 −− − − 68 − − 1,883

Ohio ................................................................... 228 103 − − 103 * − − 331

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 403 896 − − 896 * − − 1,299

South Carolina ................................................... 1,591 −− − − 14 − − 1,605

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,525 −− − − 4 − − 2,529

Texas .................................................................. 13 − − − −− − − 13

Utah .................................................................... 332 − − − −− − − 332

Virginia .............................................................. 5,357 −− − − 866 1,007 − 7,231

West Virginia..................................................... 275 8 − − 8 4 − − 287

Wisconsin ........................................................... 5 4 − − 4 −− − 9

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 43 43

Foreign ............................................................... 27 − − 13,044 13,044 360 − − 13,432

Washington .......................................................... 2 − − 43 43 132 4,393 − 4,569

Oregon ............................................................... 2 −− − − 1 − − 3

Washington ........................................................ −− − − − 131 4,393 − 4,523

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 43 43 * − − 43

West Virginia ...................................................... 64,267 44,560 8,137 41,487 94,185 5,335 5,110 302 169,200

Alabama ............................................................. 1,986 1,348 − − 1,348 6 − − 3,340

Connecticut ........................................................ 17 − − 690 690 −− − 707

Delaware ............................................................ 996 −− − − 5 − − 1,000

District of Columbia.......................................... 3 14 − − 14 6 − − 23

Florida ................................................................ 658 25 − 992 1,016 −− − 1,674

Georgia ............................................................... 4,050 −− − − 14 − − 4,064

Illinois ................................................................ 973 773 105 − 877 −− − 1,850

Indiana ............................................................... 4,358 930 − − 930 −− − 5,287

Iowa ................................................................... 27 17 − − 17 −− − 44

Kentucky ............................................................ 1,956 3,146 − − 3,146 174 − − 5,276

Louisiana ............................................................ − 203 − − 203 −− − 203

Maine ................................................................. 26 − − − −− − − 26

See footnotes at end of table.

124 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia (Continued)

Maryland ............................................................ 4,611 − − 2,719 2,719 574 − − 7,905

Massachusetts .................................................... 443 − − 1,401 1,401 −− − 1,845

Michigan ............................................................ 4,887 282 294 − 575 47 − − 5,509

Minnesota ........................................................... − 22 10 − 32 * − − 32

Mississippi ......................................................... 19 4 − − 4 1 − − 24

Missouri ............................................................. − 36 − − 36 −− − 36

New Hampshire ................................................. 269 − − 77 77 −− − 346

New Jersey......................................................... 1,108 156 − 482 638 −− − 1,746

New York .......................................................... 5,433 253 − − 253 −− − 5,685

North Carolina ................................................... 8,287 − − − −− − − 8,287

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... 5,792 15,200 1,426 − 16,626 317 − − 22,735

Oklahoma ........................................................... 2 25 − 50 75 −− − 77

Oregon ............................................................... 2 − − − −− − − 2

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 3,204 10,781 − − 10,781 251 − − 14,236

South Carolina ................................................... 350 − − − −− − − 350

South Dakota ..................................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Tennessee ........................................................... 98 1,461 − − 1,461 * − − 1,560

Texas .................................................................. −− − 4 4 −− − 4

Utah .................................................................... 18 − − − −− − − 18

Virginia .............................................................. 3,040 46 − − 46 197 − − 3,283

Washington ........................................................ 26 − − − −− − − 26

West Virginia..................................................... 10,647 9,726 − − 9,726 3,737 5,110 − 29,220

Wisconsin ........................................................... 67 10 351 − 360 5 − − 432

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 302 302

Foreign ............................................................... 916 105 5,953 35,071 41,128 −− − 42,044

West Virginia, Northern .................................... 15,640 14,521 2,103 6,572 23,196 2,898 4,606 96 46,436

Alabama ............................................................. − 419 − − 419 −− − 419

Connecticut ........................................................ 8 − − 674 674 −− − 683

Delaware ............................................................ 445 −− − − 5 − − 449

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 6 − − 6

Florida ................................................................ 551 − − − −− − − 551

Illinois ................................................................ 9 − − − −− − − 9

Indiana ............................................................... 469 10 − − 10 −− − 479

Kentucky ............................................................ 87 938 − − 938 * − − 1,026

Louisiana ............................................................ − 203 − − 203 −− − 203

Maine ................................................................. 13 − − − −− − − 13

Maryland ............................................................ 3,972 − − 622 622 178 − − 4,773

Massachusetts .................................................... 53 − − − −− − − 53

Michigan ............................................................ 622 − 18 − 18 −− − 640

New Hampshire ................................................. 269 − − 53 53 −− − 322

New Jersey......................................................... 893 156 − 482 638 −− − 1,530

New York .......................................................... 4,140 − − − −− − − 4,140

North Carolina ................................................... 13 − − − −− − − 13

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... 1,073 2,130 759 − 2,889 4 − − 3,966

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,702 6,824 − − 6,824 81 − − 8,606

South Carolina ................................................... 3 − − − −− − − 3

Tennessee ........................................................... − 78 − − 78 * − − 78

Virginia .............................................................. 66 −− − − * − − 66

West Virginia..................................................... 965 3,764 − − 3,764 2,624 4,606 − 11,959

Wisconsin ........................................................... 2 − 315 − 315 −− − 317

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 96 96

Foreign ............................................................... 286 − 1,011 4,740 5,751 −− − 6,038

West Virginia, Southern .................................... 48,627 30,040 6,034 34,916 70,989 2,437 504 206 122,764

Alabama ............................................................. 1,986 929 − − 929 6 − − 2,922

Connecticut ........................................................ 8 − − 16 16 −− − 24

Delaware ............................................................ 551 − − − −− − − 551

District of Columbia.......................................... 3 14 − − 14 −− − 17

Florida ................................................................ 107 25 − 992 1,016 −− − 1,123

Georgia ............................................................... 4,050 −− − − 14 − − 4,064

Illinois ................................................................ 964 773 105 − 877 −− − 1,841

Indiana ............................................................... 3,889 920 − − 920 −− − 4,809

Iowa ................................................................... 27 17 − − 17 −− − 44

Kentucky ............................................................ 1,868 2,208 − − 2,208 174 − − 4,250

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 125 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia, Southern (Continued)

Maine ................................................................. 13 − − − −− − − 13

Maryland ............................................................ 639 − − 2,097 2,097 396 − − 3,132

Massachusetts .................................................... 391 − − 1,401 1,401 −− − 1,792

Michigan ............................................................ 4,265 282 275 − 557 47 − − 4,869

Minnesota ........................................................... − 22 10 − 32 * − − 32

Mississippi ......................................................... 19 4 − − 4 1 − − 24

Missouri ............................................................. − 36 − − 36 −− − 36

New Hampshire ................................................. −− − 24 24 −− − 24

New Jersey......................................................... 216 − − − −− − − 216

New York .......................................................... 1,293 253 − − 253 −− − 1,545

North Carolina ................................................... 8,274 − − − −− − − 8,274

Ohio ................................................................... 4,720 13,070 667 − 13,736 314 − − 18,770

Oklahoma ........................................................... 2 25 − 50 75 −− − 77

Oregon ............................................................... 2 − − − −− − − 2

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,502 3,958 − − 3,958 170 − − 5,629

South Carolina ................................................... 347 − − − −− − − 347

South Dakota ..................................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Tennessee ........................................................... 98 1,383 − − 1,383 * − − 1,482

Texas .................................................................. −− − 4 4 −− − 4

Utah .................................................................... 18 − − − −− − − 18

Virginia .............................................................. 2,974 46 − − 46 197 − − 3,217

Washington ........................................................ 26 − − − −− − − 26

West Virginia..................................................... 9,682 5,962 − − 5,962 1,113 504 − 17,261

Wisconsin ........................................................... 65 10 36 − 45 5 − − 115

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 206 206

Foreign ............................................................... 629 105 4,941 30,331 35,377 −− − 36,006

Wyoming .............................................................. 247,820 13,918 924 1,952 16,793 2,857 11,647 * 279,117

Alabama ............................................................. 3,686 − − − −− − − 3,686

Arkansas ............................................................. 14,614 − − − −− − − 14,614

Colorado ............................................................. 6,124 − − − −− − − 6,124

Florida ................................................................ 591 − − − −− − − 591

Georgia ............................................................... 6,818 − − − −− − − 6,818

Idaho .................................................................. 237 −− − − 31 − − 268

Illinois ................................................................ 17,734 − − − −− − − 17,734

Indiana ............................................................... 18,079 − − − −− − − 18,079

Iowa ................................................................... 17,580 541 − − 541 −− − 18,121

Kansas ................................................................ 11,772 − − − −− − − 11,772

Louisiana ............................................................ 4,173 5,036 − − 5,036 −− − 9,209

Michigan ............................................................ 8,551 − − − −− − − 8,551

Minnesota ........................................................... 8,115 − 444 − 444 10 − − 8,569

Mississippi ......................................................... 26 − − − −− − − 26

Missouri ............................................................. 24,971 8,341 − − 8,341 −− − 33,312

Montana ............................................................. 513 − − − −− − − 513

Nebraska ............................................................ 10,464 −− − − * − − 10,464

Nevada ............................................................... 204 − − − −− − − 204

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... − − 37 − 37 −− − 37

Oklahoma ........................................................... 19,751 − − − −− − − 19,751

Oregon ............................................................... 894 − − − −− − − 894

South Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − 355 − − 355

Tennessee ........................................................... 298 − − − −− − − 298

Texas .................................................................. 42,839 − − − −− − − 42,839

Utah .................................................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Washington ........................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

Wisconsin ........................................................... 17,640 − − − −− − − 17,640

Wyoming ........................................................... 12,145 −− − − 2,461 11,647 − 26,253

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − * *

Foreign ............................................................... − − 443 1,952 2,395 −− − 2,395

U.S. Total ............................................................. 611,674 135,760 21,408 90,767 247,935 99,941 98,934 1,408 1,059,892

Alabama ............................................................. 15,491 10,360 − − 10,360 6,099 1,108 − 33,057

Alaska ................................................................ 519 −− − − 177 − − 697

Arizona ............................................................... 15,784 −− − − * − − 15,785

Arkansas ............................................................. 14,720 −− − − 198 − − 14,918

California ........................................................... 2,240 −− − − 1 − − 2,240

Colorado ............................................................. 12,781 −− − − 4,140 − − 16,920

See footnotes at end of table.

126 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1996

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

U.S. Total (Continued)

Connecticut ........................................................ 237 9 − 1,350 1,359 6 − − 1,602

Delaware ............................................................ 1,762 53 − − 53 20 − − 1,834

District of Columbia.......................................... 3 14 − − 14 6 − − 23

Florida ................................................................ 16,541 7,659 − 2,076 9,735 9 − − 26,285

Georgia ............................................................... 28,938 −− − − 135 − − 29,074

Idaho .................................................................. 270 −− − − 63 − − 333

Illinois ................................................................ 35,581 3,028 105 − 3,133 5,810 23 − 44,547

Indiana ............................................................... 49,804 3,317 199 − 3,516 8,916 505 − 62,741

Iowa ................................................................... 18,843 2,032 − − 2,032 142 − − 21,017

Kansas ................................................................ 13,415 −− − − 572 − − 13,987

Kentucky ............................................................ 10,921 13,771 − − 13,771 9,746 − − 34,438

Louisiana ............................................................ 4,179 6,124 − − 6,124 787 2,435 − 13,526

Maine ................................................................. 26 − − 271 271 3 − − 301

Maryland ............................................................ 6,863 8 − 2,719 2,727 1,172 − − 10,762

Massachusetts .................................................... 903 − − 1,553 1,553 19 − − 2,475

Michigan ............................................................ 24,546 591 7,648 − 8,240 401 − − 33,186

Minnesota ........................................................... 17,909 158 546 − 705 65 − − 18,679

Mississippi ......................................................... 5,073 602 − − 602 27 − − 5,702

Missouri ............................................................. 29,678 9,291 − − 9,291 1,095 − − 40,064

Montana ............................................................. 640 −− − − 416 7,303 − 8,359

Nebraska ............................................................ 10,725 −− − − 1 − − 10,726

Nevada ............................................................... 2,520 −− − − 81 4,470 − 7,072

New Hampshire ................................................. 806 − − 137 137 8 − − 951

New Jersey......................................................... 1,646 156 − 1,112 1,268 14 − − 2,927

New Mexico ...................................................... 8,422 −− − − 95 6,580 − 15,097

New York .......................................................... 9,951 297 538 36 870 637 − − 11,459

North Carolina ................................................... 26,992 52 − − 52 370 − − 27,414

North Dakota ..................................................... 753 −− − − 4,583 25,107 − 30,444

Ohio ................................................................... 13,028 28,426 2,221 − 30,648 9,613 8,424 − 61,713

Oklahoma ........................................................... 19,769 40 − 50 91 1,724 − − 21,584

Oregon ............................................................... 1,027 −− − − 1 − − 1,028

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 17,414 20,013 − − 20,013 16,501 5,175 − 59,103

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... 13,326 −− − − 47 − − 13,373

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,301 1 − − 1 355 − − 1,657

Tennessee ........................................................... 16,436 14,264 − − 14,264 1,810 − − 32,510

Texas .................................................................. 69,657 23 − 4 28 10,041 15,641 − 95,367

Utah .................................................................... 6,188 −− − − 4,988 − − 11,175

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. 13,933 46 − − 46 1,228 1,007 − 16,214

Washington ........................................................ 301 −− − − 132 4,393 − 4,825

West Virginia..................................................... 12,955 13,787 − − 13,787 4,191 5,115 − 36,047

Wisconsin ........................................................... 22,683 1,532 1,904 − 3,436 167 − − 26,285

Wyoming ........................................................... 12,156 −− − − 2,954 11,647 − 26,757

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 1,408 1,408

Foreign ............................................................... 2,017 105 8,246 81,457 89,808 374 − − 92,199

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 127 
Demand

Domestic Markets

U.S. coal consumption during 1996 reached a record

983.3 million short tons, surpassing by 5.0 percent the

previous record of 940.8 million short tons consumed

during 1995. Compared with 1995, the amount of coal

consumed by U.S. electric utilities during 1996

increased 5.5 percent to a record 874.7 million short

tons, accounting for 89 percent of total domestic coal

consumption.

In contrast, compared with 1995, coal consumption at

U.S. coke plants declined 3.9 percent to 31.7 million

short tons, while coal consumption at other industrial

plants declined 2.9 percent to 70.9 million short tons.

Electric Utility Use

Nearly one-half of the 1996 growth in total electric

utility coal consumption was attributable to increases

in the amount of coal consumed by electric utility

generators located in the East North Central and South

Atlantic Census Divisions. Collectively, electric utilities in these two Divisions accounted for 39.8 percent

of the coal consumed by electric utilities during 1996.

In the East North Central Division, electric utiltiy

coal consumption rose 6.1 percent to 198.9 million

short tons as utilities in Illinois and Ohio relied upon

coal-fired generating units to compensate for reduced

generation by nuclear and gas-fired units. Similarly,

in the South Atlantic Division, electric utility coal

consumption rose 8.1 percent to 149.4 million short

tons as coal-fired generating units accounted for

increased shares of the electricity produced in the

Carolinas and Virginia.

Coal consumption by electric utilities in the West

South Central Division increased by 5.9 percent to

140.5 million short tons in response to increased electricity demand coupled with a decline in the share of

generation supplied by natural gas.

Coal consumption in the West North Central Division

increased 4.9 percent to 122.4 million short tons as

coal-fired generation rose in response to increased

electricity demand. In the East South Central Division, the amount of coal consumed by electric utilities

increased 4.9 percent to 96.8 million short tons as

increased demand for electricity offset a decline in the

coal-fired share of the Divison's total generation.

Coke Plant Use

The decrease in the total amount of coal consumed by

U.S. coke plants during 1996 was attributable primarily to coke plants in Ohio, where consumption of

coking coal declined 33.7 percent to 1.8 million short

tons. During 1996, coke plants in Pennsylvania and

Indiana remained the Nation's leading consumers of

coking coke as they collectively consumed 16.5

million short tons, accounting for 52.1 percent of total

domestic coal consumption at coke plants.

Other Uses

Compared with 1995, coal consumption in the other

industrial sector declined 2.9 percent to 70.9 million

short tons, reflecting decreased coal consumption by

this sector in all Census Divisions except the Middle

Atlantic and East North Central Divisions. Coal consumption in the residential and commercial sectors in

1996 totaled 6.0 million short tons, an increase of 3.4

percent compared with 1995.

Coal Stocks

Stocks of coal held by domestic consumers at the

close of 1996 totaled 123.0 million short tons, a

decline of 8.6 percent compared with the 134.6

million short tons held in stock at the end of 1995.

Compared with 1995, coal stocks at electric utility

plants declined 9.2 percent to 114.7 million short

tons, while stocks held at coke plants increased

slightly to 2.7 million short tons. Coal stocks at other

industrial plants remained relatively constant at 5.7

million short tons.

Foreign Markets

U.S. coal exports during 1996 totaled 90.5 million

short tons, 2.2 percent more than the 88.5 million

short tons exported during 1995. Compared with

1995, exports of metallurgical coal during 1996

increased 1.6 percent to 52.9 million short tons,

accounting for 58.5 percent of total 1996 coal exports.

Exports of steam coal during 1996 totaled 37.5

million short tons, an increase of 2.9 percent compared with 1995.

During 1996, Brazil replaced Japan as the leading

destination for U.S. metallurgical coal exports. Compared with 1995, metallurgical coal shipments to

Brazil increased 1.7 percent to 6.4 million short tons,

while shipments of metallurgical coal to Japan

declined 30.0 percent to 5.6 million short tons.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 129 
Exports of metallurgical coal to Europe during 1996

totaled 28.3 million short tons, an increase of 3.5

percent compared with 1995. Shipments to Italy, the

leading European consumer of U.S. metallurgical

coal, increased 17.5 percent to 5.3 million short tons.

In North America, shipments of U.S. metallurgical

coal to Canada increased 35.4 percent to 6.0 million

short tons.

Compared with 1995, U.S. steam coal exports to

Europe during 1996 declined 11.2 percent to 18.9

million short tons as significant increases in shipments to France and the United Kingdom were offset

by decreases in shipments to other European destinations. In North America, the amount of steam coal

exported to Canada increased 20.6 percent to 6.0

million short tons and steam coal exports to Mexico

increased 90 percent to over 1 million short tons.

Exports of steam coal to Asia increased 13.4 percent

to 9.2 million short tons as increases in exports to

Japan and Israel offset decreased shipments to Taiwan

and Korea.

130 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Domestic Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 131 
Figure 9. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1987-1996

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Total Consumption

Residential/Commercial

Other Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

132 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1996

 Rank Company Name Plant Locations

Electric Utilities

1 Tennessee Valley Auth (AL) (KY) (TN)

2 Texas Utilities Elec Co (TX)

3 Pacificorp (UT) (WA) (WY)

4 Georgia Power Co (GA)

5 Alabama Power Co (AL)

6 Detroit Edison Co (The) (MI)

7 Houston Lighting & Pwr Co (TX)

8 GPU Service Corp (PA)

9 Ohio Power Co (OH) (WV)

10 Duke Power Co (NC) (SC)

11 Basin Elec Power Coop (ND) (WY)

12 Commonwealth Edison Co (IL)

13 Union Electric Co (MO)

14 PSI Energy, Inc (IN)

15 Northern States Power Co (MN) (WI)

16 Arkansas Power & Light Co (AR)

17 Virginia Elec & Power Co (VA) (WV)

18 Indiana Michigan Power Co (IN)

19 Appalachian Power Co (VA) (WV)

20 Southwestern Elec Pwr Co (AR) (TX)

21 Monongahela Power Co (WV)

22 Kansas City Pwr & Lgt Co (KS) (MO)

23 Midamerican Energy (IA)

24 Cincinnati Gas Elec Co (KY) (OH)

25 Wisconsin Electric Pwr Co (MI) (WI)

26 Carolina Power & Light Co (NC) (SC)

27 Arizona Public Service Co (AZ) (NM)

28 KPL - Western Resources (KS)

29 Oklahoma Gas & Elec Co (OK)

30 Public Service Co of Colo (CO)

31 Salt River Project (AZ)

32 Associated Elec Coop (MO)

33 Southwestern Pub Serv Co (TX)

34 Wisconsin Pwr & Lgt Co (WI)

35 Pennsylvania Pwr & Lgt Co (PA)

36 Northern Ind Pub Serv Co (IN)

37 Tampa Electric Co (FL)

38 Dayton Pwr & Lgt Co (The) (OH)

39 Montana Power Co (The) (MT)

40 Consumers Power Co (MI)

41 Illinois Power Co (IL)

42 Ohio Edison Co (OH)

43 Cooperative Power Asso (ND)

44 Kentucky Utilities Co (KY)

45 Indianapolis Pwr & Lgt Co (IN)

46 Louisville Gas & Elec Co (KY)

47 Pub Serv Co of New Mexico (NM)

48 Pennsylvania Power Co (PA)

49 Lower Colorado River Auth (TX)

50 Central Ill Public Ser Co (IL)

51 Potomac Electric Pwr Co (MD) (VA)

52 Florida Power Corporation (FL)

53 So Carolina Pub Serv Auth (SC)

54 San Antonio Pub Serv Brd (TX)

55 Cajun Elec Power Coop Inc (LA)

56 Baltimore Gas & Elec Co (MD)

57 Scana Corporation (SC)

58 Nebraska Pub Power Dist (NE)

59 Central Louisiana Elec Co (LA)

60 Big Rivers Electric Corp (KY)

61 Cleveland Elec Illum Co (OH)

62 Indiana-Kentucky El Corp (IN)

63 Electric Energy Inc (IL)

64 Tri-State G & T Assn Inc (CO)

65 Mississippi Power Co (MS)

66 West Penn Power Co (PA)

67 Southern Calif Edison Co (NV)

68 Minnkota Power Coop Inc (ND)

69 Los Angeles (City of) (UT)

70 Minnesota Power & Lgt Co (MN)

71 I E S Utilities Co (IA)

72 Public Service Co of Okla (OK)

73 Omaha Public Power Dist (NE)

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 133 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1996 (Continued)

 Company Name Plant Location

Top Ten Manufacturers

Aluminum Company of America (IN) (OH) (TN) (TX)

Archer Daniels Midland Co (IA) (IL) (MN)

Basin Electric Power Coop (ND)

Champion International Corp (AL) (FL) (ME) (MI) (MN) (NC) (NY) (OH)

E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co (DE) (MS) (NC) (SC) (TN) (VA) (WV)

Eastman Chemical Company (AR) (NY) (SC) (TN) (TX)

Hoechst AG (SC) (TX) (VA)

Holnam Inc (AL) (CO) (IA) (MI) (MO) (MS) (SC) (UT) (WA)

Inland Steel Industries Inc (IN)

Westvaco Corporation (MD) (PA) (SD) (VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

A E Staley Manufacturing Co (IL) (IN) (TN)

American Crystal Sugar Co (MN) (ND)

Applied Energy Services Inc (PA)

Ash Grove Cement Company (AR) (KS) (MT) (NE) (OR) (TX) (UT)

Blue Circle Inc (AL) (GA) (NY) (OK) (SC)

Cargill Incorporated (GA) (IA) (MN) (NC) (OH) (TN) (VA)

CarMeuse/Marblehead Lime Co. (IL) (IN) (MI)

Dravo Corporation (AL) (KY)

Elkem A/S (OH) (WV)

Florida Crushed Stone (FL)

Fort Howard Corporation (GA) (OK) (WI)

FMC Corporation (NC) (WV) (WY)

G E Company (IN) (KY) (PA)

General Chemical Corporation (WY)

General Motors Corporation (AL) (IL) (IN) (MI) (MO) (OH) (WI)

Georgia-Pacific Corp (AR) (GA) (MI) (VA)

Heidelberger Zement Ag-Heidelb (AL) (IA) (IN) (MD)

International Paper Company (AL) (LA) (PA) (SC) (WI)

Jefferson Smurfit Corp (AL) (FL) (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

Kerr-McGee Corporation (CA)

Kimberly Clark Corporation (AL) (MI) (PA) (WI)

Lafarge Corporation (IA) (IL) (KS) (MI) (MO) (PA)

Lone Star Industries, Inc. (FL) (IL) (IN) (MO) (OK) (TX)

Mead Corporation The (MI) (OH) (TN)

Monsanto Company (AL) (IA) (ID) (IL) (MA) (WV)

P H Glatfelter Co (NC) (PA)

PPG Industries Inc (WV)

Southdown Inc (CA) (CO) (FL) (OH) (TN)

Stone Container Corporation (AZ) (FL) (MI) (SC) (VA)

Union Camp Corporation (AL) (GA) (OH) (SC) (VA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

AK Steel Corp (KY) (OH)

Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN) (MD) (NY) (PA)

Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

Drummond Company Inc (AL)

Geneva Steel Company (UT)

LTV Steel Company Inc (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

National Steel Corp (IL) (MI)

Sun Coal Co (VA)

U S Steel Mining Company LLC (PA)

USX Corporation (IN)

Note: Major electric utility coal consumers are companies that consumed more than 3.6 million short tons of coal in 1996. Major manufacturers are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. Electric utilities are ranked by consumption and manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, • Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’ • Manufacturers: Form EIA-3,

‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’ • Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

134 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 7,024 6,662 6,553 6,485 7,298 6,767 5.4 −0.9 0.4

Connecticut ....................................... 931 906 862 788 849 815 2.7 2.3 1.5

Maine ................................................ 234 282 464 449 856 273 −17.0 −27.7 −1.7

Massachusetts ................................... 4,477 4,113 3,932 3,811 4,257 4,487 8.8 1.3 *

New Hampshire ................................ 1,377 1,355 1,287 1,428 1,311 1,176 1.6 1.2 1.8

Rhode Island..................................... 3 3 3 3 5 5 21.1 −9.6 −3.9

Vermont ............................................ 2 3 5 6 20 12 −38.2 −45.8 −19.8

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 70,965 68,462 67,536 70,389 71,418 70,211 3.6 −.1 .1

New Jersey........................................ 2,402 2,074 1,969 2,353 2,348 3,434 15.8 .6 −3.9

New York ......................................... 11,337 11,062 11,474 11,878 12,996 11,471 2.5 −3.3 −.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 57,226 55,326 54,094 56,158 56,074 55,305 3.4 .5 .4

East North Central Total ................. 229,000 217,702 213,188 210,632 200,660 201,833 5.2 3.3 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 44,431 39,623 39,077 38,135 31,599 35,581 12.1 8.9 2.5

Indiana .............................................. 64,021 62,631 59,996 60,353 58,765 51,385 2.2 2.2 2.5

Michigan ........................................... 36,694 35,802 35,674 32,217 31,554 35,865 2.5 3.8 .3

Ohio .................................................. 59,835 56,580 56,711 59,031 58,671 59,350 5.8 .5 .1

Wisconsin.......................................... 24,019 23,066 21,731 20,897 20,071 19,652 4.1 4.6 2.3

West North Central Total ................ 136,643 131,028 125,591 120,940 115,505 101,599 4.3 4.3 3.3

Iowa .................................................. 21,171 20,636 19,341 19,188 17,992 15,191 2.6 4.1 3.8

Kansas............................................... 19,084 16,521 17,158 17,386 14,227 15,194 15.5 7.6 2.6

Minnesota.......................................... 19,264 18,947 18,729 18,321 16,924 14,504 1.7 3.3 3.2

Missouri ............................................ 34,382 31,753 27,663 23,381 25,180 24,764 8.3 8.1 3.7

Nebraska ........................................... 10,379 10,396 9,300 9,666 8,212 6,744 −.2 6.0 4.9

North Dakota .................................... 30,511 30,237 30,363 30,302 30,301 24,101 .9 .2 2.6

South Dakota .................................... 1,852 2,537 3,036 2,696 2,670 1,101 −27.0 −8.7 5.9

South Atlantic Total.......................... 165,545 155,259 151,935 150,580 144,178 146,569 6.6 3.5 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,956 2,011 2,226 2,446 1,770 2,710 −2.7 2.5 −3.5

District of Columbia......................... 23 6 47 51 50 70 309.0 −17.6 −11.5

Florida............................................... 28,443 26,526 26,082 26,430 26,368 23,644 7.2 1.9 2.1

Georgia.............................................. 31,158 31,288 29,254 27,081 25,481 29,126 −.4 5.1 .8

Maryland........................................... 11,366 11,198 10,491 10,268 9,713 11,311 1.5 4.0 *

North Carolina .................................. 27,624 24,084 23,282 25,760 24,075 19,965 14.7 3.5 3.7

South Carolina .................................. 13,852 12,279 12,993 12,914 11,285 11,701 12.8 5.3 1.9

Virginia ............................................. 14,983 13,378 12,792 13,584 13,418 13,227 12.0 2.8 1.4

West Virginia.................................... 36,139 34,489 34,767 32,046 32,019 34,815 4.8 3.1 .4

East South Central Total.................. 110,450 105,830 99,289 104,027 93,804 88,203 4.4 4.2 2.5

Alabama ............................................ 37,052 34,309 31,473 33,047 31,510 26,632 8.0 4.1 3.7

Kentucky........................................... 40,863 39,516 38,090 39,095 34,704 32,023 3.4 4.2 2.7

Mississippi ........................................ 5,791 4,606 4,285 4,030 3,485 4,846 25.7 13.5 2.0

Tennessee.......................................... 26,744 27,399 25,440 27,854 24,106 24,702 −2.4 2.6 .9

West South Central Total ................ 146,472 139,106 138,251 140,797 135,210 118,847 5.3 2.0 2.3

Arkansas............................................ 14,816 13,540 12,596 11,447 12,538 12,066 9.4 4.3 2.3

Louisiana........................................... 12,534 13,357 14,100 13,676 13,674 10,391 −6.2 −2.1 2.1

Oklahoma.......................................... 20,125 19,596 17,726 18,866 17,430 13,476 2.7 3.7 4.5

Texas................................................. 98,997 92,612 93,829 96,809 91,568 82,915 6.9 2.0 2.0

Mountain Total.................................. 107,226 107,923 115,695 110,673 112,163 94,126 −.6 −1.1 1.4

Arizona.............................................. 16,792 16,682 19,580 18,991 17,915 13,375 .6 −1.6 2.6

Colorado............................................ 17,222 16,971 17,475 17,070 16,696 15,007 1.5 .8 1.5

Idaho ................................................. 397 465 534 528 535 494 −14.5 −7.2 −2.4

Montana ............................................ 8,032 10,005 11,089 9,247 11,040 7,730 −19.7 −7.6 .4

Nevada .............................................. 7,604 7,340 7,968 7,806 8,088 6,920 3.6 −1.5 1.0

New Mexico ..................................... 15,297 15,221 15,374 15,012 14,832 14,395 .5 .8 .7

Utah................................................... 15,237 15,307 16,216 15,848 15,719 11,807 −.4 −.8 2.9

Wyoming .......................................... 26,646 25,933 27,459 26,171 27,339 24,399 2.8 −.6 1.0

Pacific Total ....................................... 10,008 8,908 12,162 11,422 12,186 8,294 12.3 −4.8 2.1

Alaska ............................................... 706 815 796 863 792 274 −13.4 −2.8 11.1

California .......................................... 2,317 2,618 2,498 2,453 2,821 1,934 −11.5 −4.8 2.0

Hawaii............................................... 169 192 86 73 47 63 −11.6 37.9 11.6

Oregon .............................................. 1,134 1,125 2,479 2,099 2,124 205 .8 −14.5 20.9

Washington ....................................... 5,682 4,158 6,303 5,934 6,402 5,819 36.6 −2.9 −.3

U.S. Total............................................ 983,334 940,880 930,201 925,944 892,421 836,860 4.5 2.4 1.8

* Data round to zero.

Notes: U.S. Total does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 135 
Figure 10. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1987-1996

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Million Short Tons

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Total Consumer Stocks

Industrial and Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

136 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 1,297 969 1,117 989 1,253 1,056 33.9 0.9 2.3

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 10,899 12,404 14,068 14,060 19,486 19,598 −12.1 −13.5 −6.3

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,860 10,303 12,060 12,265 15,976 16,121 −14.0 −13.7 −6.4

East North Central Total ................. 30,823 33,818 35,833 30,162 43,661 51,835 −8.8 −8.3 −5.6

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 7,958 9,298 11,707 7,798 12,507 14,998 −14.4 −10.7 −6.8

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 5,431 5,936 7,815 7,630 10,804 11,164 −8.5 −15.8 −7.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,458 3,656 wwww 21.9 w w

West North Central Total ................ 18,335 18,713 wwww −2.0 w w

Iowa .................................................. 4,614 4,447 4,178 3,819 4,857 5,094 3.8 −1.3 −1.1

Kansas............................................... 2,986 3,860 2,623 2,024 2,759 3,327 −22.6 2.0 −1.2

Minnesota.......................................... 1,739 1,985 2,234 1,250 2,252 3,427 −12.4 −6.3 −7.3

Missouri ............................................ 5,320 4,779 wwww 11.3 w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 19,584 19,707 24,427 19,092 29,282 32,040 −.6 −9.6 −5.3

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 3,440 3,268 3,914 3,541 4,121 3,298 5.3 −4.4 .5

Georgia.............................................. 3,848 3,786 4,843 2,926 4,836 6,712 1.6 −5.5 −6.0

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 2,672 2,855 4,318 3,059 4,715 4,794 −6.4 −13.2 −6.3

South Carolina .................................. 2,178 2,194 2,533 1,893 2,451 2,376 −.7 −2.9 −1.0

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 9,311 10,940 11,267 9,277 14,400 19,574 −14.9 −10.3 −7.9

Alabama ............................................ 2,860 3,648 4,132 2,797 4,529 5,012 −21.6 −10.8 −6.0

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 1,501 1,884 wwww −20.3 w w

West South Central Total ................ 19,894 20,564 15,959 15,105 w w −3.3 w w

Arkansas............................................ 2,720 2,820 1,777 1,881 1,591 2,359 −3.5 14.3 1.6

Louisiana........................................... 2,481 2,669 1,922 2,000 1,755 2,820 −7.0 9.0 −1.4

Oklahoma.......................................... 4,212 4,246 2,467 2,052 3,161 3,787 −.8 7.4 1.2

Texas................................................. 10,481 10,829 9,793 9,172 w w −3.2 w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 2,025 3,032 3,242 3,717 3,596 3,840 −33.2 −13.4 −6.9

Colorado............................................ 3,057 3,682 3,145 3,454 3,439 w −17.0 −2.9 w

Idaho ................................................. 77 118 78 86 101 116 −34.4 −6.5 −4.4

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 2,269 2,936 2,553 1,841 2,242 2,867 −22.7 .3 −2.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,275 2,586 877 918 1,529 1,470 −50.7 −4.4 −1.6

Alaska ............................................... 1 1 2 5 w w − w w

California .......................................... 150 133 126 93 109 174 12.4 8.3 −1.6

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 857 1,969 569 459 736 681 −56.4 3.9 2.6

U.S. Total............................................ 123,024 134,639 136,139 120,458 163,692 185,459 −8.6 −6.9 −4.4

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Stocks for the residential and commercial sector are not included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 137 
Table 69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State,

1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 6,701 6,272 5,945 5,736 6,112 6,217 6.8 2.3 0.8

Connecticut ....................................... 925 881 821 745 817 787 5.0 3.1 1.8

Massachusetts ................................... 4,406 4,044 3,845 3,652 4,044 4,267 8.9 2.2 .3

New Hampshire ................................ 1,369 1,346 1,279 1,339 1,251 1,163 1.7 2.3 1.8

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 51,718 49,357 48,326 51,079 52,488 52,172 4.8 −.4 −.1

New Jersey........................................ 2,387 2,054 1,887 2,123 2,118 3,081 16.2 3.0 −2.8

New York ......................................... 8,254 8,051 8,395 8,699 9,963 7,828 2.5 −4.6 .6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 41,076 39,252 38,044 40,257 40,407 41,263 4.6 .4 *

East North Central Total ................. 198,900 187,490 183,282 179,833 169,029 161,833 6.1 4.1 2.3

Illinois ............................................... 38,090 33,463 32,599 31,744 25,264 28,894 13.8 10.8 3.1

Indiana .............................................. 52,855 52,089 50,554 48,836 46,937 36,987 1.5 3.0 4.0

Michigan ........................................... 32,175 31,165 31,106 28,749 28,238 30,854 3.2 3.3 .5

Ohio .................................................. 53,543 49,785 49,326 51,456 50,358 47,520 7.5 1.5 1.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 22,236 20,987 19,696 19,049 18,231 17,579 5.9 5.1 2.6

West North Central Total ................ 122,419 116,720 111,672 107,584 102,557 89,174 4.9 4.5 3.6

Iowa .................................................. 17,864 17,785 16,565 16,623 15,357 12,997 .4 3.8 3.6

Kansas............................................... 18,853 16,345 16,989 17,226 14,068 14,942 15.3 7.6 2.6

Minnesota.......................................... 17,459 17,282 17,046 16,844 15,841 13,495 1.0 2.5 2.9

Missouri ............................................ 33,059 30,440 26,375 21,945 23,815 23,012 8.6 8.5 4.1

Nebraska ........................................... 10,091 10,048 8,879 9,297 7,881 6,428 .4 6.4 5.1

North Dakota .................................... 23,640 22,680 23,248 23,290 23,192 17,434 4.2 .5 3.4

South Dakota .................................... 1,453 2,137 2,570 2,360 2,402 865 −32.0 −11.8 5.9

South Atlantic Total.......................... 149,354 138,134 133,984 132,885 126,093 125,582 8.1 4.3 1.9

Delaware ........................................... 1,787 1,816 2,007 2,223 1,628 2,449 −1.6 2.4 −3.4

Florida............................................... 27,172 25,200 24,758 25,108 25,016 22,598 7.8 2.1 2.1

Georgia.............................................. 29,171 29,280 27,293 25,339 23,656 27,130 −.4 5.4 .8

Maryland........................................... 10,540 10,141 9,717 9,521 8,993 8,228 3.9 4.0 2.8

North Carolina .................................. 25,083 21,424 20,624 23,055 21,011 17,255 17.1 4.5 4.2

South Carolina .................................. 11,833 10,074 10,597 10,410 9,078 9,019 17.5 6.8 3.1

Virginia ............................................. 10,994 9,543 8,670 9,447 8,661 8,297 15.2 6.1 3.2

West Virginia.................................... 32,775 30,657 30,318 27,782 28,050 30,605 6.9 4.0 .8

East South Central Total.................. 96,809 92,262 85,622 90,365 80,203 74,573 4.9 4.8 2.9

Alabama ............................................ 31,216 28,759 25,817 27,533 24,988 20,746 8.5 5.7 4.6

Kentucky........................................... 37,072 35,707 34,564 35,264 31,715 28,569 3.8 4.0 2.9

Mississippi ........................................ 5,558 4,319 3,989 3,767 3,237 4,562 28.7 14.5 2.2

Tennessee.......................................... 22,964 23,477 21,253 23,801 20,263 20,697 −2.2 3.2 1.2

West South Central Total ................ 140,493 132,633 131,168 134,009 129,351 113,455 5.9 2.1 2.4

Arkansas............................................ 14,467 13,216 12,250 11,116 12,241 11,764 9.5 4.3 2.3

Louisiana........................................... 12,450 12,930 13,479 13,089 13,077 10,029 −3.7 −1.2 2.4

Oklahoma.......................................... 19,386 18,130 16,961 17,668 16,699 12,861 6.9 3.8 4.7

Texas................................................. 94,189 88,358 88,479 92,135 87,333 78,802 6.6 1.9 2.0

Mountain Total.................................. 101,507 101,013 108,651 104,093 105,609 89,145 .5 −1.0 1.4

Arizona.............................................. 16,117 16,021 18,853 18,316 17,280 12,706 .6 −1.7 2.7

Colorado............................................ 16,841 16,222 16,596 16,252 15,902 14,178 3.8 1.4 1.9

Montana ............................................ 7,897 9,373 10,513 8,869 10,768 7,530 −15.8 −7.4 .5

Nevada .............................................. 7,424 7,084 7,772 7,608 7,914 6,807 4.8 −1.6 1.0

New Mexico ..................................... 15,215 15,137 15,297 14,942 14,775 14,340 .5 .7 .6

Utah................................................... 13,584 13,325 14,269 13,995 13,857 11,175 1.9 −.5 2.2

Wyoming .......................................... 24,430 23,850 25,350 24,111 25,114 22,408 2.4 −.7 1.0

Pacific Total ....................................... 6,780 5,127 8,621 7,924 8,419 5,742 32.2 −5.3 1.9

Alaska ............................................... 229 293 271 298 277 274 −21.6 −4.6 −2.0

Oregon .............................................. 1,044 977 2,333 1,981 1,994 − 6.8 −14.9 −

Washington ....................................... 5,507 3,857 6,016 5,646 6,148 5,468 42.8 −2.7 .1

U.S. Total............................................ 874,681 829,007 817,270 813,508 779,860 717,894 5.5 2.9 2.2

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

138 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 1,237 908 1,079 967 1,237 1,012 36.2 * 2.3

Connecticut ....................................... 173 164 202 160 150 − 5.5 3.7 −

Massachusetts ................................... 704 425 629 449 727 677 65.7 −.8 .4

New Hampshire ................................ 360 319 248 358 361 307 12.6 −.1 1.8

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 28 −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 9,609 11,064 12,687 12,564 17,743 17,764 −13.1 −14.2 −6.6

New Jersey........................................ 824 804 688 501 771 842 2.4 1.7 −.2

New York ......................................... 905 1,015 999 953 2,106 1,889 −10.8 −19.0 −7.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 7,880 9,244 11,000 11,110 14,866 15,034 −14.8 −14.7 −6.9

East North Central Total ................. 27,626 30,505 32,088 27,296 40,250 45,855 −9.4 −9.0 −5.5

Illinois ............................................... 4,581 5,331 4,526 4,019 7,399 8,861 −14.1 −11.3 −7.1

Indiana .............................................. 7,105 8,435 10,449 6,935 11,294 13,185 −15.8 −10.9 −6.6

Michigan ........................................... 6,531 7,708 6,505 6,206 7,402 9,751 −15.3 −3.1 −4.3

Ohio .................................................. 5,232 5,661 7,499 7,249 10,395 9,959 −7.6 −15.8 −6.9

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,177 3,371 3,109 2,887 3,760 4,099 23.9 2.7 .2

West North Central Total ................ 17,115 17,732 16,739 14,123 19,712 21,904 −3.5 −3.5 −2.7

Iowa .................................................. 4,044 3,923 3,642 3,401 4,301 4,507 3.1 −1.5 −1.2

Kansas............................................... 2,970 3,850 2,610 2,008 2,747 3,286 −22.9 2.0 −1.1

Minnesota.......................................... 1,462 1,898 2,134 1,182 2,175 3,346 −23.0 −9.5 −8.8

Missouri ............................................ 5,162 4,641 4,410 3,555 6,211 4,958 11.2 −4.5 .4

Nebraska ........................................... 1,692 1,409 1,276 1,272 1,798 1,880 20.1 −1.5 −1.2

North Dakota .................................... 1,642 1,858 2,406 2,417 2,194 3,586 −11.6 −7.0 −8.3

South Dakota .................................... 143 153 259 287 285 341 −6.5 −15.8 −9.2

South Atlantic Total.......................... 18,669 18,851 23,226 17,877 27,977 29,878 −1.0 −9.6 −5.1

Delaware ........................................... 322 363 470 192 361 438 −11.3 −2.8 −3.3

Florida............................................... 3,350 3,204 3,813 3,451 4,021 3,196 4.5 −4.5 .5

Georgia.............................................. 3,727 3,657 4,699 2,825 4,692 6,505 1.9 −5.6 −6.0

Maryland........................................... 1,347 1,038 1,306 1,455 2,400 1,604 29.8 −13.4 −1.9

North Carolina .................................. 2,560 2,715 4,139 2,887 4,512 4,465 −5.7 −13.2 −6.0

South Carolina .................................. 1,980 2,033 2,255 1,648 2,206 1,968 −2.6 −2.6 .1

Virginia ............................................. 1,010 1,098 2,064 1,418 1,922 2,300 −7.9 −14.8 −8.7

West Virginia.................................... 4,372 4,744 4,479 4,001 7,863 9,401 −7.8 −13.6 −8.1

East South Central Total.................. 8,518 10,148 10,317 8,370 13,401 18,183 −16.0 −10.7 −8.1

Alabama ............................................ 2,528 3,282 3,652 2,331 4,071 4,450 −23.0 −11.2 −6.1

Kentucky........................................... 4,121 4,472 4,466 3,990 5,415 7,679 −7.8 −6.6 −6.7

Mississippi ........................................ 603 724 690 417 899 837 −16.8 −9.5 −3.6

Tennessee.......................................... 1,267 1,670 1,509 1,632 3,016 5,217 −24.1 −19.5 −14.5

West South Central Total ................ 19,533 20,195 15,520 13,867 16,483 17,757 −3.3 4.3 1.1

Arkansas............................................ 2,702 2,790 1,751 1,866 1,572 2,329 −3.2 14.5 1.7

Louisiana........................................... 2,472 2,659 1,872 1,932 1,701 2,803 −7.0 9.8 −1.4

Oklahoma.......................................... 4,069 4,118 2,319 1,944 3,066 3,634 −1.2 7.3 1.3

Texas................................................. 10,290 10,628 9,578 8,125 10,143 8,992 −3.2 .4 1.5

Mountain Total.................................. 11,309 14,562 14,559 15,529 16,009 17,265 −22.3 −8.3 −4.6

Arizona.............................................. 1,993 2,998 3,197 3,687 3,543 3,813 −33.5 −13.4 −6.9

Colorado............................................ 3,030 3,622 3,118 3,428 3,410 3,635 −16.3 −2.9 −2.0

Montana ............................................ 509 511 517 721 735 851 −.5 −8.8 −5.6

Nevada .............................................. 1,240 1,356 1,034 1,195 1,447 1,782 −8.6 −3.8 −3.9

New Mexico ..................................... 814 967 1,462 1,506 1,570 1,246 −15.8 −15.1 −4.6

Utah................................................... 1,526 2,250 2,753 3,264 3,153 3,133 −32.2 −16.6 −7.7

Wyoming .......................................... 2,198 2,857 2,476 1,728 2,153 2,805 −23.1 .5 −2.7

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,052 2,341 683 748 1,317 1,180 −55.0 −5.4 −1.3

Alaska ............................................... 1 1 2 5 6 4 − −38.3 −15.1

Oregon .............................................. 203 399 150 312 615 561 −49.2 −24.2 −10.7

Washington ....................................... 849 1,941 531 431 697 615 −56.3 5.0 3.6

U.S. Total............................................ 114,669 126,304 126,897 111,341 154,130 170,797 −9.2 −7.1 −4.3

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 139 
Table 71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and

State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 268 321 553 647 1,045 398 −16.4 −28.8 −4.3

Connecticut ....................................... − w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − w − w w ww w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − w − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − w w ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 1,449 1,408 1,559 1,704 1,610 1,823 2.9 −2.6 −2.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 4,466 4,027 4,044 4,311 4,173 4,112 10.9 1.7 .9

East North Central Total ................. 17,113 16,566 17,098 17,699 16,931 20,380 3.3 .3 −1.9

Illinois ............................................... 3,740 3,653 4,187 3,970 3,736 3,900 2.4 * −.5

Indiana .............................................. 4,987 4,373 4,244 4,587 4,263 5,016 14.0 4.0 −.1

Michigan ........................................... 2,914 2,983 2,890 3,230 3,127 3,826 −2.3 −1.7 −3.0

Ohio .................................................. 3,794 3,609 3,794 4,100 3,970 5,657 5.1 −1.1 −4.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,678 1,949 1,984 1,811 1,835 1,980 −13.9 −2.2 −1.8

West North Central Total ................ 13,415 13,581 13,238 12,753 12,505 11,479 −1.2 1.8 1.7

Iowa .................................................. 3,085 2,761 2,735 2,494 2,571 1,857 11.7 4.7 5.8

Kansas............................................... 154 138 137 137 158 252 11.6 −.7 −5.3

Minnesota.......................................... 1,649 1,401 1,455 1,370 1,059 838 17.7 11.7 7.8

Missouri ............................................ 1,118 1,102 1,070 1,177 1,137 1,427 1.5 −.4 −2.7

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 1,270 1,325 1,303 1,307 1,335 993 −4.1 −1.2 2.8

Georgia.............................................. 1,985 1,949 1,933 1,720 1,787 1,960 1.8 2.7 .1

Maryland........................................... 785 760 738 731 706 972 3.2 2.7 −2.3

North Carolina .................................. 2,336 2,437 2,396 2,476 2,860 2,548 −4.1 −4.9 −1.0

South Carolina .................................. 2,000 2,188 2,334 2,395 2,177 2,562 −8.6 −2.1 −2.7

Virginia ............................................. 2,613 2,585 2,838 2,863 3,592 3,662 1.1 −7.6 −3.7

West Virginia.................................... 1,630 1,984 2,637 2,406 2,266 2,326 −17.8 −7.9 −3.9

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,545 2,286 2,394 2,268 3,136 2,614 11.3 −5.1 −.3

Kentucky........................................... 2,322 2,250 1,994 2,392 1,648 1,869 3.2 8.9 2.4

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 3,670 3,777 4,097 3,942 3,686 3,842 −2.8 −.1 −.5

West South Central Total ................ 5,978 6,456 7,082 6,780 5,846 w −7.4 .5 w

Arkansas............................................ 348 325 346 330 295 302 7.2 4.3 1.6

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 613 w w w

Texas................................................. 4,808 4,255 5,350 4,667 4,225 4,083 13.0 3.3 1.8

Mountain Total.................................. 4,141 5,615 5,614 5,163 4,973 4,634 −26.3 −4.5 −1.2

Arizona.............................................. 675 657 727 674 632 669 2.8 1.7 .1

Colorado............................................ 367 729 857 780 735 748 −49.6 −15.9 −7.6

Idaho ................................................. 369 426 494 486 484 470 −13.3 −6.5 −2.7

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 512 915 835 727 525 507 −44.1 −.6 .1

Wyoming .......................................... 1,835 1,937 1,867 1,873 2,126 1,887 −5.3 −3.6 −.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 2,553 3,047 2,769 2,677 3,161 2,496 −16.2 −5.2 .3

Alaska ............................................... w − 5 2 − − ww w

California .......................................... 2,140 2,485 2,332 2,311 2,821 1,933 −13.9 −6.7 1.1

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 152 223 201 174 163 298 −31.9 −1.8 −7.2

U.S. Total............................................ 70,941 73,055 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,175 −2.9 −1.1 −.6

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

140 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 60 60 38 21 16 44 * 39.7 3.5

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 192 203 250 321 402 452 −5.4 −16.8 −9.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 231 218 298 287 306 465 6.2 −6.7 −7.4

East North Central Total ................. 1,862 2,031 2,462 2,044 2,505 3,884 −8.3 −7.1 −7.8

Illinois ............................................... 252 333 426 368 389 598 −24.2 −10.2 −9.1

Indiana .............................................. 384 451 690 470 732 902 −14.9 −14.9 −9.0

Michigan ........................................... 827 822 865 702 882 1,387 .5 −1.6 −5.6

Ohio .................................................. 118 138 153 198 228 445 −14.9 −15.2 −13.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 281 286 328 306 274 553 −1.8 .6 −7.3

West North Central Total ................ 1,220 981 978 775 1,020 1,196 24.3 4.6 .2

Iowa .................................................. 570 524 535 418 556 587 8.7 .6 −.3

Kansas............................................... 16 10 13 16 11 41 64.6 8.6 −9.9

Minnesota.......................................... 277 87 99 68 77 81 218.1 37.9 14.7

Missouri ............................................ 158 138 159 148 227 293 14.5 −8.7 −6.6

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 89 64 101 90 100 102 40.2 −2.7 −1.4

Georgia.............................................. 121 129 144 101 144 207 −6.3 −4.3 −5.8

Maryland........................................... 30 24 36 41 35 49 27.1 −3.7 −5.1

North Carolina .................................. 112 140 179 172 203 329 −19.8 −13.7 −11.3

South Carolina .................................. 198 160 278 245 245 409 23.5 −5.2 −7.7

Virginia ............................................. 133 177 217 216 275 440 −25.0 −16.6 −12.4

West Virginia.................................... 136 105 130 167 156 268 30.0 −3.3 −7.3

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 135 133 183 132 127 183 1.2 1.6 −3.3

Kentucky ........................................... 83 120 112 73 127 178 −30.3 −10.0 −8.1

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 234 215 256 246 270 434 9.0 −3.5 −6.6

West South Central Total ................ 361 370 439 1,218 395 1,419 −2.3 −2.2 −14.1

Arkansas............................................ 18 29 26 15 19 30 −37.9 −1.2 −5.5

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w 18 w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 154 w w w

Texas................................................. 190 201 215 1,026 228 1,218 −5.6 −4.4 −18.6

Mountain Total.................................. 231 313 267 332 360 324 −26.2 −10.4 −3.7

Arizona.............................................. 32 34 45 30 53 26 −5.8 −11.7 2.3

Colorado............................................ 27 59 26 25 29 56 −54.2 −1.6 −7.7

Idaho ................................................. w 118 78 86 101 116 w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 5 7 13 20 26 39 −19.6 −32.3 −19.8

Wyoming .......................................... 71 79 77 113 89 62 −10.7 −5.6 1.5

Pacific Total ....................................... 222 245 194 170 211 290 −9.2 1.3 −2.9

California .......................................... 150 133 126 93 109 174 12.4 8.3 −1.6

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 8 28 38 27 39 66 −69.2 −31.5 −20.4

U.S. Total............................................ 5,688 5,702 6,585 6,716 6,965 10,777 −.2 −4.9 −6.8

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Other industrial plants include manufacturing plants only. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 141 
Table 73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 10,689 10,858 10,849 10,333 9,868 8,395 −1.5 2.0 2.7

East North Central Total ................. 11,414 12,345 11,356 11,643 13,224 17,782 −7.5 −3.6 −4.8

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 5,823 5,883 4,841 6,591 7,153 8,841 −1.0 −5.0 −4.5

Michigan ........................................... w w w − − ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 1,842 2,777 3,092 2,892 3,755 5,361 −33.7 −16.3 −11.2

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 3,247 3,257 3,253 3,206 3,297 3,150 −.3 −.4 .3

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w − ww w

Utah................................................... w w w w w − ww w

U.S. Total............................................ 31,706 33,011 31,740 31,323 32,366 36,877 −3.9 −.5 −1.7

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 748 841 762 868 804 622 −11.0 −1.8 2.1

East North Central Total ................. 1,335 1,282 1,282 822 906 2,095 4.1 10.2 −4.9

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 469 412 567 394 481 912 13.7 −.6 −7.1

Michigan ........................................... w w w − − ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 81 136 163 183 180 760 −40.5 −18.1 −22.0

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − ww w w

Virginia ............................................. − − − − w − ww w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 197 233 297 333 332 379 −15.4 −12.2 −7.0

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − ww w w

West South Central Total ................ −−− 21 w w − w w

Texas................................................. − − − 21 w w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w − ww w

Utah................................................... w w w w w − ww w

U.S. Total............................................ 2,667 2,632 2,657 2,401 2,597 3,884 1.3 .6 −4.1

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

142 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census

Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 55 69 56 102 141 152 −20.3 −20.8 −10.6

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Vermont ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 1,285 1,416 1,351 1,498 1,916 1,935 −9.2 −9.5 −4.4

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 995 1,188 1,156 1,257 1,626 1,535 −16.3 −11.6 −4.7

East North Central Total ................. 1,574 1,301 1,452 1,458 1,476 1,838 21.0 1.6 −1.7

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 356 287 356 339 411 541 24.3 −3.5 −4.5

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 656 409 498 584 588 812 60.4 2.8 −2.3

Wisconsin.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West North Central Total ................ w w w w w ww w w

Iowa .................................................. 222 90 40 70 64 337 147.0 36.5 −4.5

Kansas............................................... 78 38 32 23 * 1 107.2 359.7 66.2

Minnesota.......................................... 156 264 229 107 25 171 −40.9 58.4 −1.0

Missouri ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 803 954 887 904 632 1,107 −15.9 6.2 −3.5

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w NM w w

District of Columbia......................... 23 6 47 51 50 70 309.0 −17.6 −11.5

Florida............................................... 1 1 20 16 16 53 −24.2 −50.5 −35.8

Georgia.............................................. 3 59 28 22 38 37 −94.8 −46.9 −24.2

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 206 224 263 229 204 162 −8.1 .2 2.7

South Carolina .................................. 19 17 61 109 31 120 12.2 −11.3 −18.6

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 272 283 386 417 458 488 −3.8 −12.2 −6.3

Alabama ............................................ 44 7 11 40 89 121 NM −16.0 −10.7

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ − − − w w ww w w

Tennessee.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West South Central Total ................ w 17 1 8 13 32 w w w

Arkansas............................................ − − *12* −− −

Louisiana ........................................... − w − w − − ww w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w 1 2 w w w

Texas................................................. − − * 6ww − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .............................................. * 5 * 1 w w −96.3 w w

Colorado............................................ 13 20 23 38 w w −32.2 w w

Idaho ................................................. 28 39 40 43 51 24 −27.5 −13.8 2.0

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 382 146 242 187 w w 162.0 w w

Pacific Total ....................................... 675 734 773 821 w w −8.0 w w

Alaska ............................................... 474 523 520 563 w w −9.3 w w

California .......................................... 177 133 166 142 w w 33.2 w w

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 23 78 86 114 91 52 −70.0 −28.8 −8.5

U.S. Total............................................ 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,914 3.4 −.6 −1.5

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 143 
Foreign Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 145 
Figure 11. U.S. Coal Exports, 1987-1996

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Million Short Tons

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Exports to Canada

Exports to Japan

Exports to Europe

Total Exports

146 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... 13,609 10,411 9,505 9,219 15,331 16,464 30.7 −2.9 −2.1

Canada1 ............................................ 12,029 9,427 9,193 8,889 15,140 16,227 27.6 −5.6 −3.3

Jamaica.............................................. 24 83 26 29 27 − −71.1 −2.9 −

Mexico .............................................. 1,509 871 241 250 77 106 73.3 110.6 34.3

Other2 ............................................... 48 30 46 52 88 132 62.5 −13.8 −10.5

South America Total......................... 7,505 6,968 5,946 5,750 6,769 6,720 7.7 2.6 1.2

Argentina .......................................... 304 342 453 524 335 748 −11.1 −2.4 −9.5

Brazil................................................. 6,540 6,351 5,482 5,197 6,370 5,830 3.0 .7 1.3

Chile.................................................. 574 227 * * 27 93 152.9 114.5 22.4

Other2 ............................................... 87 49 12 28 37 48 78.2 23.7 6.8

Europe Total ...................................... 47,193 48,620 35,825 37,575 57,255 34,159 −2.9 −4.7 3.6

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 4,569 4,501 4,911 5,229 7,196 4,578 1.5 −10.7 *

Bulgaria............................................. 1,387 1,339 1,238 906 602 − 3.6 23.2 −

Denmark............................................ 1,316 2,100 477 336 3,832 934 −37.3 −23.4 3.9

Finland .............................................. 704 1,308 377 252 205 172 −46.2 36.1 17.0

France................................................ 3,852 3,659 2,875 3,972 8,060 2,886 5.3 −16.8 3.3

Germany, FR .................................... 1,055 1,953 323 508 1,003 477 −46.0 1.3 9.2

Ireland ............................................... 765 914 974 985 1,449 1,410 −16.3 −14.8 −6.6

Italy ................................................... 9,204 9,063 7,543 6,918 9,344 9,537 1.6 −.4 −.4

Netherlands ....................................... 7,058 7,301 4,874 5,562 9,148 4,093 −3.3 −6.3 6.2

Norway.............................................. 85 120 87 101 118 173 −29.2 −7.9 −7.6

Portugal............................................. 1,803 1,752 1,057 1,491 1,479 1,287 2.8 5.1 3.8

Romania ............................................ 1,512 1,984 1,553 720 753 1,098 −23.8 19.0 3.6

Spain ................................................. 4,093 4,653 4,132 4,064 4,535 2,454 −12.0 −2.5 5.8

Sweden.............................................. 1,070 1,117 702 736 1,165 668 −4.3 −2.1 5.4

Turkey............................................... 2,167 2,011 1,335 1,605 1,990 772 7.7 2.1 12.1

United Kingdom ............................... 6,196 4,726 3,363 4,111 5,595 2,589 31.1 2.6 10.2

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 65 − 78 726 889 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 357 52 8 * 54 142 NM 60.1 10.8

Asia Total ........................................... 17,980 19,095 17,957 19,500 20,540 20,206 −5.8 −3.3 −1.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,441 2,533 3,374 3,435 3,560 4,769 −3.6 −9.0 −7.2

Israel.................................................. 1,202 760 864 849 824 243 58.0 9.9 19.4

Japan ................................................. 10,529 11,787 10,158 11,878 12,304 11,082 −10.7 −3.8 −.6

Korea, Republic of ........................... 3,773 4,012 3,558 3,316 3,352 4,025 −6.0 3.0 −.7

Other2 ............................................... 36 2 3 22 500 87 NM −48.3 −9.3

Oceania & Australia Total............... 1 * 1 1 * 2 322.7 31.5 −5.9

Other2 ............................................... 1 * 1 1 * 2 322.7 31.5 −5.9

Africa Total........................................ 4,184 3,453 2,124 2,474 2,621 2,056 21.2 12.4 8.2

Algeria .............................................. 177 220 355 409 611 910 −19.8 −26.7 −16.6

Egypt................................................. 1,038 1,235 1,048 868 848 467 −16.0 5.2 9.3

Morocco ............................................ 1,650 1,212 83 587 737 504 36.2 22.3 14.1

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 1,320 786 638 567 425 62 67.9 32.8 40.5

Other2 ............................................... − − − 42 − 114 − −−100.0

Total .................................................... 90,473 88,547 71,359 74,519 102,516 79,607 2.2 −3.1 1.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 147 
Table 77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... 6,500 4,776 4,246 4,853 4,957 6,553 36.1 7.0 −0.1

Canada1 ............................................ 6,030 4,452 4,032 4,663 4,920 6,413 35.4 5.2 −.7

Mexico .............................................. 470 324 214 190 36 9 45.0 89.7 55.5

Other2 ............................................... − − − * * 131 − −100.0 −100.0

South America Total......................... 6,814 6,778 5,926 5,514 6,524 6,521 .5 1.1 .5

Argentina .......................................... 291 336 449 487 332 747 −13.4 −3.3 −9.9

Brazil................................................. 6,445 6,336 5,477 5,027 6,165 5,681 1.7 1.1 1.4

Chile .................................................. 78 106 − − 27 93 −27.0 30.2 −2.0

Other2 ............................................... * − − − − −− − −

Europe Total ...................................... 28,253 27,282 25,245 26,791 33,365 23,895 3.5 −4.1 1.9

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 3,445 3,468 3,706 4,030 5,165 3,937 −.7 −9.6 −1.5

Bulgaria............................................. 1,214 1,339 1,184 849 602 − −9.3 19.2 −

Denmark............................................ − − − 106 − −− − −

Finland .............................................. 540 724 311 252 205 172 −25.5 27.3 13.6

France................................................ 3,084 3,155 2,816 3,101 4,314 2,768 −2.3 −8.0 1.2

Germany, FR .................................... 538 231 288 203 247 324 133.1 21.4 5.8

Ireland ............................................... − − − − − 90 − −−100.0

Italy ................................................... 5,293 4,504 5,045 4,965 6,180 5,265 17.5 −3.8 *

Netherlands ....................................... 4,142 3,978 3,231 3,743 4,836 2,601 4.1 −3.8 5.3

Norway.............................................. 61 92 73 70 91 135 −33.6 −9.5 −8.5

Portugal............................................. 174 30 − 149 135 197 476.1 6.6 −1.3

Romania ............................................ 1,512 1,685 663 373 753 1,098 −10.2 19.0 3.6

Spain ................................................. 2,103 2,178 2,656 2,994 2,795 2,354 −3.5 −6.9 −1.2

Sweden .............................................. 987 1,109 702 736 1,165 668 −11.0 −4.1 4.4

Turkey............................................... 2,027 1,806 1,335 1,604 1,989 772 12.3 .5 11.3

United Kingdom ............................... 3,081 2,932 3,228 3,573 4,175 2,586 5.1 −7.3 2.0

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − − − 43 658 828 − −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 54 52 7 − 54 100 4.4 * −6.6

Asia Total ........................................... 8,814 11,014 9,877 10,608 12,655 13,158 −20.0 −8.6 −4.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 376 370 296 285 424 483 1.4 −3.0 −2.8

Israel.................................................. 265 141 − − 143 − 88.9 16.7 −

Japan ................................................. 5,552 7,929 7,195 8,028 9,480 10,110 −30.0 −12.5 −6.4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 2,597 2,574 2,386 2,276 2,608 2,479 .9 −.1 .5

Other2 ............................................... 24 − − 19 − 86 − −−13.4

Africa Total........................................ 2,570 2,239 2,040 1,886 1,925 1,553 14.8 7.5 5.8

Algeria .............................................. 177 220 355 409 611 910 −19.8 −26.7 −16.6

Egypt................................................. 1,037 1,233 1,047 868 848 467 −15.9 5.2 9.3

Morocco ............................................ 37 −−− 41 −− −2.8 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 1,320 786 638 567 425 62 68.0 32.8 40.5

Other2 ............................................... − − − 42 − 114 − −−100.0

Total .................................................... 52,950 52,089 47,334 49,652 59,426 51,679 1.6 −2.8 .3

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

148 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... 7,110 5,635 5,259 4,366 10,374 9,912 26.2 −9.0 −3.6

Canada1 ............................................ 5,999 4,975 5,161 4,225 10,219 9,814 20.6 −12.5 −5.3

Jamaica.............................................. 24 83 26 29 27 − −71.1 −2.9 −

Mexico .............................................. 1,039 547 26 60 40 97 90.0 125.2 30.1

Other2 ............................................... 48 30 46 52 88 1 62.5 −13.8 53.1

South America Total......................... 691 190 20 236 245 199 263.3 29.6 14.8

Argentina .......................................... 13 6 4 38 3 2 114.1 47.2 24.6

Brazil................................................. 95 15 5 170 205 149 NM −17.5 −4.9

Chile.................................................. 496 121 **** 311.6 NM 211.4

Other2 ............................................... 87 49 12 28 37 48 77.8 23.6 6.7

Europe Total ...................................... 18,940 21,338 10,580 10,784 23,891 10,264 −11.2 −5.6 7.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 1,125 1,033 1,205 1,199 2,031 641 8.8 −13.7 6.4

Bulgaria ............................................. 173 − 54 57 − −− − −

Denmark............................................ 1,316 2,100 477 230 3,832 934 −37.3 −23.4 3.9

Finland .............................................. 164 584 66 1 − −−71.9 − −

France................................................ 769 503 58 870 3,745 118 52.7 −32.7 23.1

Germany, FR .................................... 517 1,722 35 305 756 153 −70.0 −9.1 14.5

Ireland ............................................... 765 914 974 985 1,449 1,319 −16.3 −14.8 −5.9

Italy ................................................... 3,911 4,559 2,498 1,954 3,164 4,272 −14.2 5.4 −1.0

Netherlands ....................................... 2,917 3,323 1,643 1,819 4,312 1,492 −12.2 −9.3 7.7

Norway.............................................. 24 28 13 31 27 37 −14.7 −3.4 −4.9

Portugal............................................. 1,628 1,722 1,057 1,342 1,344 1,090 −5.4 4.9 4.6

Romania ............................................ − 299 890 347 − −−100.0 − −

Spain ................................................. 1,990 2,475 1,476 1,070 1,740 101 −19.6 3.4 39.3

Sweden .............................................. 83 9 − − * − NM 327.7 −

Turkey............................................... 140 206 − * * − −31.8 359.0 −

United Kingdom ............................... 3,115 1,795 135 538 1,421 3 73.6 21.7 115.3

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 65 − 35 68 61 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 303 * * * * 42 NM NM 24.5

Asia Total ........................................... 9,166 8,081 8,080 8,892 7,885 7,048 13.4 3.8 3.0

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,066 2,163 3,078 3,150 3,136 4,286 −4.5 −9.9 −7.8

Israel.................................................. 936 620 864 849 681 243 51.0 8.3 16.2

Japan ................................................. 4,976 3,858 2,963 3,850 2,823 972 29.0 15.2 19.9

Korea, Republic of ........................... 1,175 1,438 1,172 1,040 744 1,546 −18.3 12.1 −3.0

Other2 ............................................... 12 2 3 3 500 1 431.2 −60.4 32.2

Oceania & Australia Total............... 1 * 1 1 * 2 322.7 31.5 −5.9

Other2 ............................................... 1 * 1 1 * 2 322.7 31.5 −5.9

Africa Total........................................ 1,615 1,214 85 588 696 504 33.0 23.4 13.8

Egypt................................................. 1 2 1 1 1 * −41.1 5.4 48.4

Morocco ............................................ 1,614 1,212 83 587 695 504 33.2 23.4 13.8

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − * − − − −−100.0 − −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − * − −−100.0

Total .................................................... 37,522 36,458 24,025 24,867 43,090 27,928 2.9 −3.4 3.3

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 149 
Table 79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Eastern Total...................................... 58,161 55,374 43,474 45,138 64,826 46,077 5.0 −2.7 2.6

Boston, MA ...................................... − 33 − 33 − * −100.0 − −100.0

Baltimore, MD.................................. 11,221 11,313 7,912 7,354 9,450 6,500 −.8 4.4 6.3

Portland, ME..................................... * 57 1 1 * 1 −99.8 −5.7 −18.4

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 2,263 1,574 166 67 1,971 41 43.7 3.5 56.2

New York City, NY ......................... 6 87 1 1 4 249 −92.6 12.5 −33.4

Ogdensburg, NY............................... 116 163 337 44 66 9 −28.8 15.3 33.4

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 406 339 213 190 252 1,975 19.9 12.6 −16.1

Norfolk, VA...................................... 44,148 41,808 34,845 37,448 53,083 37,303 5.6 −4.5 1.9

St. Albans, VT.................................. 1 **** − NM 30.5 −

Southern Total ................................... 16,077 19,936 15,607 16,658 21,343 15,706 −19.3 −6.8 .3

Mobile, AL ....................................... 5,897 8,283 4,997 6,262 6,853 7,085 −28.8 −3.7 −2.0

Savannah, GA................................... − 4 1 − 37 * −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Miami, FL......................................... 2 2 3 2 2 * 15.0 5.4 32.3

Tampa, FL ........................................ − 1** − * −100.0 − −100.0

New Orleans, LA ............................. 8,669 10,522 9,475 9,705 13,480 7,733 −17.6 −10.4 1.3

Wilmington, NC ............................... * − − − − 121 − −−60.5

San Juan, PR..................................... * * 26 * − * 420.0 − 39.6

Charleston, SC.................................. 154 401 957 475 791 566 −61.6 −33.6 −13.5

El Paso, TX ...................................... − * − *1* −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... 297 179 121 155 145 106 65.4 19.7 12.1

Laredo, TX ....................................... 1,057 542 26 59 36 62 94.9 133.3 36.9

Port Arthur, TX ................................ −−−−− 32 − −−100.0

Virgin Islands ................................... − − − − * −− −100.0 −

Western Total .................................... 6,832 5,527 3,813 4,201 3,651 2,105 23.6 16.9 14.0

Anchorage, AK................................. 784 919 719 733 728 839 −14.7 1.9 −.7

Nogales, AZ...................................... * − *** −− −42.3 −

Los Angeles, CA .............................. 5,899 4,475 2,963 3,358 2,721 1,233 31.8 21.3 19.0

San Diego, CA ................................. − *1141 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

San Francisco, CA............................ 1 * 1 − 60 1 72.2 −67.8 −2.6

Great Falls, MT ................................ * * 1 * − 1 79.0 − −4.3

Portland, OR ..................................... − − − 2 − −− − −

Seattle, WA....................................... 147 132 128 106 137 30 11.4 1.8 19.1

Northern Total................................... 9,358 7,688 8,437 8,495 12,557 15,720 21.7 −7.1 −5.6

Chicago, IL ....................................... − − 24 − * −− −100.0 −

Detroit, MI........................................ 3,804 1,845 2,600 609 2,181 49 106.2 14.9 62.3

Duluth, MN....................................... 247 210 161 134 119 * 17.6 20.1 149.9

Pembina, ND .................................... 1 19 10 1 * 6 −95.7 58.2 −19.5

Cleveland, OH .................................. 5,306 5,614 5,642 7,751 10,258 15,665 −5.5 −15.2 −11.3

Other Ports......................................... 45 22 28 26 138 − 100.3 −24.5 −

Total .................................................... 90,473 88,547 71,359 74,519 102,516 79,607 2.2 −3.1 1.4

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

150 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Coal Prices

Mine Prices

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1996 was

$18.50 per short ton, a drop of 2 percent from 1995

and the 14th straight year of decline (Table 80). Since

1987 the average mine price of U.S. coal has declined

at an average annual rate of 2.4 percent. During this

period, the average mine price of coal east of the

Mississippi River decreased at an annual average rate

of 1.2 percent, whereas west of the Mississippi River

the decline was 2.9 percent. In real dollars, the

decline over this period for the United States was 5.4

percent (Table 81).

Compared with 1995, the average mine price of coal

in all regions decreased. The decline in Appalachia

was 2.4 percent; in the Interior, 2.1 percent; and in the

West, 1.1 percent. In the three largest coal-producing

States, prices fell more than the decline of the U.S.

price. Kentucky's coal price dropped 3.6 percent,

Wyoming's price fell 2.6 percent, and West Virginia's

price declined 2.2 percent.

Consumer Prices

The average price of coal delivered to electric utilities

during 1996 was $26.45 per short ton, 2.1 percent less

than the average price of $27.01 per short ton reported

for 1995 (Table 92). Similarly, compared with 1995,

the average price of coal delivered to industrial consumers other than coke plants declined slightly to

$32.32 per short ton, while the average price of coal

delivered to coke plants remained essentially

unchanged at $47.33 per short ton (Tables 94 and 96).

The average price of U.S. coal imports in 1996 was

$33.45 per short ton, a 2 percent decrease compared

with the 1995 average of $34.13 per short ton.

The average price of U.S. coal exported during 1996

was $40.76 per short ton, 1.2 percent above the

average of $40.27 per short ton reported for 1995

(Table 99). Compared with 1995, the average price of

metallurgical coal exported during 1996 increased 2.7

percent to $45.49 per short ton, while the average

price of steam coal dropped 1.2 percent to $34.09 per

short ton (Tables 101 and 103).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 151 
.

Figure 12. Coal Prices, 1987-1996

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

50

 

40

 

30

 

 

 0

//

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Export Prices

Consumer Prices

Import Prices

Mine Prices

152 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Mine Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 153 
Table 80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... $39.48 $38.44 $40.12 $42.34 $40.82 $41.42 2.7 −0.8 −0.5

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. $17.94 $19.26 $19.76 $20.35 $21.33 $23.58 −6.9 −4.2 −3.0

Illinois .................................................. 22.74 23.05 23.14 25.27 27.66 29.56 −1.3 −4.8 −2.9

Indiana ................................................. 20.24 21.71 22.28 22.89 23.41 24.57 −6.8 −3.6 −2.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w 25.89 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 24.54 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $23.91 $24.79 $24.88 $24.77 $24.50 26.15 −3.6 −.6 −1.0

Eastern .............................................. 24.98 26.00 25.25 25.50 25.00 26.71 −3.9 * −.7

Western ............................................. 20.38 20.75 23.63 22.36 23.10 24.68 −1.8 −3.1 −2.1

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $24.40 $24.69 $26.34 $25.21 $25.39 $24.31 −1.2 −1.0 *

Missouri ............................................... 23.31 18.91 21.78 w w 28.92 23.3 w −2.4

Montana ............................................... 9.96 9.62 10.39 $11.05 $10.20 12.43 3.5 −.6 −2.4

New Mexico ........................................ 24.66 23.80 23.29 22.96 23.14 21.78 3.6 1.6 1.4

North Dakota ....................................... 8.01 7.99 7.62 7.63 7.48 7.91 .2 1.7 .1

Ohio ..................................................... 24.85 25.97 29.13 28.04 26.93 30.80 −4.3 −2.0 −2.3

Oklahoma............................................. 26.54 24.13 25.57 24.91 25.76 31.83 9.9 .7 −2.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 25.78 26.78 26.18 26.50 28.61 29.81 −3.7 −2.6 −1.6

Anthracite.......................................... 36.78 39.78 36.07 32.94 34.24 43.65 −7.5 1.8 −1.9

Bituminous........................................ 24.98 25.77 25.45 26.03 28.34 29.16 −3.0 −3.1 −1.7

Tennessee............................................. 27.79 26.94 27.17 27.23 27.11 27.65 3.1 .6 *

Texas.................................................... 12.17 12.16 12.38 12.87 12.42 12.10 * −.5 .1

Utah...................................................... 21.63 19.10 19.27 20.81 21.11 25.70 13.3 .6 −1.9

Virginia ................................................ 28.45 28.47 26.84 26.80 27.55 27.42 −.1 .8 .4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $26.58 $27.18 $27.42 $27.58 $28.15 $29.15 −2.2 −1.4 −1.0

Northern ............................................ 24.86 24.91 26.77 28.09 29.03 28.67 −.2 −3.8 −1.6

Southern ............................................ 27.21 28.07 27.71 27.40 27.76 29.44 −3.1 −.5 −.9

Wyoming ............................................. 6.41 6.58 6.83 7.32 8.14 9.80 −2.6 −5.8 −4.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26.78 27.45 27.36 27.64 27.95 29.20 −2.4 −1.1 −.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 18.41 18.81 19.87 20.03 21.61 23.02 −2.1 −3.9 −2.4

Western Total1 .................................. 10.03 10.15 10.57 11.14 11.60 13.25 −1.1 −3.5 −3.0

East of Miss. River............................ 25.70 26.35 26.44 26.81 27.34 28.61 −2.5 −1.5 −1.2

West of Miss. River........................... 10.40 10.48 10.91 11.50 11.98 13.55 −.8 −3.5 −2.9

U.S. Total............................................ 18.50 18.83 19.41 19.85 21.03 23.07 −1.8 −3.1 −2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

154 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... $35.99 $35.73 $38.24 $41.27 $40.82 $49.85 0.7 −3.1 −3.5

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. $16.35 $17.90 $18.84 $19.84 $21.33 $28.37 −8.6 −6.4 −5.9

Illinois .................................................. 20.73 21.43 22.05 24.63 27.66 35.57 −3.2 −6.9 −5.8

Indiana ................................................. 18.45 20.18 21.24 22.31 23.41 29.57 −8.5 −5.8 −5.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w 31.15 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 29.53 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $21.80 $23.04 $23.72 $24.15 $24.50 31.47 −5.4 −2.9 −4.0

Eastern .............................................. 22.77 24.16 24.07 24.86 25.00 32.15 −5.7 −2.3 −3.8

Western ............................................. 18.58 19.29 22.53 21.79 23.10 29.70 −3.6 −5.3 −5.1

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $22.24 $22.95 $25.11 $24.57 $25.39 $29.25 −3.1 −3.3 −3.0

Missouri ............................................... 21.25 17.57 20.76 w w 34.80 20.9 w −5.3

Montana ............................................... 9.08 8.94 9.91 $10.77 $10.20 14.96 1.5 −2.8 −5.4

New Mexico ........................................ 22.48 22.12 22.20 22.38 23.14 26.21 1.6 −.7 −1.7

North Dakota ....................................... 7.30 7.43 7.26 7.44 7.48 9.52 −1.7 −.6 −2.9

Ohio ..................................................... 22.65 24.13 27.77 27.33 26.93 37.07 −6.1 −4.2 −5.3

Oklahoma............................................. 24.19 22.43 24.37 24.28 25.76 38.30 7.8 −1.6 −5.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 23.50 24.89 24.96 25.83 28.61 35.87 −5.6 −4.8 −4.6

Anthracite.......................................... 33.53 36.97 34.38 32.11 34.24 52.52 −9.3 −.5 −4.9

Bituminous........................................ 22.78 23.95 24.26 25.37 28.34 35.09 −4.9 −5.3 −4.7

Tennessee............................................. 25.33 25.04 25.90 26.54 27.11 33.27 1.2 −1.7 −3.0

Texas.................................................... 11.09 11.30 11.81 12.54 12.42 14.56 −1.9 −2.8 −3.0

Utah...................................................... 19.72 17.75 18.37 20.28 21.11 30.93 11.1 −1.7 −4.9

Virginia ................................................ 25.93 26.46 25.59 26.13 27.55 33.00 −2.0 −1.5 −2.6

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $24.23 $25.26 $26.14 $26.88 $28.15 $35.08 −4.1 −3.7 −4.0

Northern ............................................ 22.66 23.16 25.52 27.38 29.03 34.50 −2.1 −6.0 −4.6

Southern ............................................ 24.81 26.09 26.41 26.70 27.76 35.43 −4.9 −2.8 −3.9

Wyoming ............................................. 5.84 6.11 6.51 7.13 8.14 11.80 −4.5 −8.0 −7.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 24.41 25.51 26.08 26.94 27.95 35.14 −4.3 −3.3 −4.0

Interior Total1 ................................... 16.78 17.48 18.94 19.52 21.61 27.71 −4.0 −6.1 −5.4

Western Total1 .................................. 9.14 9.43 10.08 10.86 11.60 15.94 −3.0 −5.8 −6.0

East of Miss. River............................ 23.42 24.49 25.21 26.13 27.34 34.43 −4.3 −3.8 −4.2

West of Miss. River........................... 9.48 9.74 10.40 11.21 11.98 16.30 −2.7 −5.7 −5.8

U.S. Total............................................ 16.86 17.50 18.50 19.35 21.03 27.76 −3.6 −5.4 −5.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average mine

price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 155 
Table 82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1996

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Nominal Real1 Nominal Real1 Real1

Nominal

Alabama .................................................. $40.75 $37.15 $35.87 $32.69 $39.48 $35.99

Alaska ..................................................... − − wwww

Arizona .................................................... − − wwww

Colorado .................................................. 17.73 16.16 $18.28 $16.66 $17.94 $16.35

Illinois ..................................................... 23.12 21.07 20.86 19.02 22.74 20.73

Indiana .................................................... wwww 20.24 18.45

Kansas ..................................................... − − wwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... $24.66 $22.48 $22.68 $20.68 $23.91 $21.80

Eastern .................................................. 25.98 23.69 23.53 21.45 24.98 22.77

Western ................................................ 21.04 19.18 18.79 17.12 20.38 18.58

Louisiana ................................................. − − wwww

Maryland ................................................. wwww $24.40 $22.24

Missouri .................................................. − − $23.31 $21.25 23.31 21.25

Montana .................................................. wwww 9.96 9.08

New Mexico ........................................... − − 24.66 22.94 24.66 22.48

North Dakota .......................................... − − $8.01 $7.30 8.01 7.30

Ohio ........................................................ $25.98 $23.68 23.43 21.35 24.85 22.65

Oklahoma ................................................ wwww 26.54 24.19

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $25.79 $23.51 $25.76 $23.49 25.78 23.50

Anthracite ............................................. 27.99 25.52 37.37 34.06 36.78 33.53

Bituminous ........................................... 25.77 23.49 22.68 20.67 24.98 22.78

Tennessee ................................................ wwww 27.79 25.33

Texas ....................................................... − − $12.17 $11.09 12.17 11.09

Utah ......................................................... $21.63 $19.72 − − 21.63 19.72

Virginia ................................................... 29.46 26.85 25.88 23.59 28.45 25.93

Washington ............................................. − − wwww

West Virginia Total................................ 27.31 24.90 $25.04 $22.82 $26.58 $24.23

Northern ............................................... 25.21 22.98 22.37 20.39 24.86 22.66

Southern ............................................... 28.44 25.92 25.34 23.10 27.21 24.81

Wyoming ................................................ wwww 6.41 5.84

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 27.67 25.22 25.07 22.85 26.78 24.41

Interior Total2 ...................................... 22.43 20.45 15.85 14.45 18.41 16.78

Western Total2...................................... 20.04 18.27 8.86 8.08 10.03 9.14

East of Miss. River ............................... 26.70 24.34 23.86 21.75 25.70 23.42

West of Miss. River.............................. 20.07 18.30 9.42 8.59 10.40 9.48

U.S. Total............................................... 25.96 23.66 13.82 12.60 18.50 16.86

1 Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average nominal prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

156 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w w $40.84 − $40.75

Colorado .............................................. w w 17.76 − 17.73

Illinois .................................................. $23.34 w w − 23.12

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... $24.88 $24.73 $23.46 w $24.66

Eastern .............................................. 26.36 w w w 25.98

Western ............................................. 20.53 w w − 21.04

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Montana ............................................... w −−− w

Ohio ..................................................... $21.22 − $26.60 − $25.98

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. w $24.06 w w $25.79

Anthracite .......................................... w 34.80 − w 27.99

Bituminous ........................................ w 23.31 w − 25.77

Tennessee ............................................. w w − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w $21.69 − $21.63

Virginia ................................................ $27.32 w 32.90 w 29.46

West Virginia Total............................. 27.56 $27.70 27.04 $16.50 27.31

Northern ............................................ 21.69 25.65 26.09 16.50 25.21

Southern ............................................ 28.38 27.96 28.92 − 28.44

Wyoming ............................................. − − w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 27.14 26.95 28.42 22.25 27.67

Interior Total5 ................................... 22.30 w w − 22.43

Western Total5 .................................. 19.24 w w − 20.04

East of Miss. River............................ 25.98 w w 22.25 26.70

West of Miss. River........................... 19.51 w w − 20.07

U.S. Total............................................ 25.79 26.55 26.03 22.25 25.96

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 157 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1996

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Alabama ............................................ 53 24,637 39.48

Bibb .............................................. 1 33 w

Cullman ........................................ 2 82 w

Fayette .......................................... 1 2,066 w

Jackson ......................................... 1 66 w

Jefferson ....................................... 8 10,134 $42.94

Marion .......................................... 4 191 27.13

Shelby ........................................... 2 878 w

Tuscaloosa .................................... 7 6,066 w

Walker .......................................... 25 4,921 $37.33

Winston ........................................ 2 201 w

Alaska ................................................ 1 1,481 w

Yukon River................................. 1 1,481 w

Arizona .............................................. 2 10,442 w

Navajo .......................................... 2 10,442 w

Arkansas ............................................ 5 21 −

Johnson ......................................... 2 16 −

Scott .............................................. 1 * −

Sebastian ...................................... 2 4 −

Colorado ............................................ 15 24,886 17.94

Delta ............................................. 1 603 w

Fremont ........................................ 1 170 w

Gunnison ...................................... 3 7,475 w

La Plata ........................................ 1 199 w

Las Animas .................................. 1 129 w

Mesa ............................................. 2 626 w

Moffat ........................................... 2 7,721 w

Montrose ...................................... 1 362 w

Rio Blanco ................................... 1 543 w

Routt ............................................. 2 7,059 w

Illinois ................................................ 31 46,656 22.74

Clinton .......................................... 1 1,701 w

Franklin ........................................ 2 3,635 w

Fulton ........................................... 1 205 w

Gallatin ......................................... 1 1,324 w

Jefferson ....................................... 2 4,299 w

Logan ............................................ 1 1,982 w

Macoupin ...................................... 3 5,454 w

McDonough .................................. 1 533 w

Perry ............................................. 4 7,064 w

Randolph ...................................... 2 2,103 w

Saline ............................................ 4 9,333 $23.54

Schuyler ........................................ 1 415 w

Vermilion ..................................... 1 130 w

Wabash ......................................... 1 2,340 w

Washington .................................. 1 3,674 w

White ............................................ 1 1,796 w

Williamson ................................... 4 668 w

Indiana .............................................. 37 29,670 20.24

Clay .............................................. 4 1,893 $20.28

Daviess ......................................... 4 3,187 18.21

Dubois .......................................... 1 370 w

Gibson .......................................... 2 1,046 w

Greene .......................................... 3 2,083 w

Knox ............................................. 5 3,725 21.04

Owen ............................................ 2 413 w

Pike ............................................... 6 4,359 $16.34

Sullivan ........................................ 2 4,772 w

Vigo .............................................. 2 1,694 w

Warrick ......................................... 6 6,129 w

Kansas ............................................... 1 232 w

Crawford ...................................... 1 232 w

Kentucky ........................................... 544 152,425 23.91

Bell ............................................... 25 5,044 $25.53

Breathitt ........................................ 8 2,271 20.86

Butler ............................................ 2 244 w

Christian ....................................... 1 32 w

Clay .............................................. 5 98 w

Daviess ......................................... 6 894 18.60

Floyd ............................................ 46 7,147 $23.14

Harlan ........................................... 40 10,302 27.06

See footnotes at end of table.

158 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Kentucky (Continued)

Henderson .................................... 3 2,084 w

Hopkins ........................................ 18 8,655 $19.98

Johnson ......................................... 11 1,812 22.73

Knott ............................................. 46 12,208 22.87

Knox ............................................. 15 467 30.77

Laurel ........................................... 1 52 w

Lawrence ...................................... 3 69 w

Leslie ............................................ 18 9,718 $22.98

Letcher .......................................... 39 8,046 24.52

Magoffin ....................................... 8 978 21.59

Martin ........................................... 23 11,785 $28.25

McLean ........................................ 3 194 w

Morgan ......................................... 3 5 −

Muhlenberg .................................. 7 3,771 $15.44

Ohio .............................................. 11 2,142 17.78

Owsley .......................................... 4 171 21.18

Perry ............................................. 27 10,368 $24.03

Pike ............................................... 145 35,598 25.64

Union ............................................ 3 7,361 w

Webster ........................................ 6 10,097 $22.50

Whitley ......................................... 17 811 26.34

Louisiana ........................................... 2 3,221 w

De Soto ........................................ 1 2,434 w

Red River ..................................... 1 787 w

Maryland ........................................... 18 4,093 24.40

Allegany ....................................... 10 597 w

Garrett .......................................... 8 3,496 w

Missouri ............................................. 5 710 23.31

Barton ........................................... 1 88 w

Bates ............................................. 2 487 w

Randolph ...................................... 1 25 w

Vernon .......................................... 1 110 w

Montana ............................................ 8 37,891 9.96

Big Horn ...................................... 4 24,686 $10.64

Musselshell ................................... 1 147 w

Richland ....................................... 1 256 w

Rosebud ........................................ 2 12,802 w

New Mexico ...................................... 6 24,067 24.66

Colfax ........................................... 1 1,259 w

McKinley ...................................... 2 9,527 w

San Juan ....................................... 3 13,281 w

North Dakota.................................... 5 29,861 8.01

McLean ........................................ 1 7,024 w

Mercer .......................................... 2 16,908 w

Oliver ............................................ 2 5,929 w

Ohio ................................................... 99 28,572 24.85

Belmont ........................................ 10 5,916 w

Carroll .......................................... 6 329 $18.59

Columbiana .................................. 11 569 18.28

Coshocton ..................................... 5 757 w

Gallia ............................................ 1 268 w

Guernsey ...................................... 6 302 $22.91

Harrison ........................................ 9 1,411 20.72

Holmes ......................................... 2 175 w

Jackson ......................................... 3 1,042 w

Jefferson ....................................... 11 833 $21.33

Mahoning ..................................... 1 4 −

Meigs ............................................ 2 5,951 w

Monroe ......................................... 1 3,383 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 1,543 w

Muskingum .................................. 3 176 w

Noble ............................................ 2 857 w

Perry ............................................. 5 1,024 $22.59

Stark ............................................. 7 606 16.11

Tuscarawas ................................... 9 1,404 21.15

Vinton ........................................... 4 2,020 20.61

Oklahoma .......................................... 12 1,701 26.54

Craig ............................................. 1 130 w

Latimer ......................................... 1 193 w

Le Flore........................................ 7 1,184 $26.44

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 159 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Oklahoma (Continued)

Nowata ......................................... 2 187 w

Okmulgee ..................................... 1 6 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... 402 67,942 25.78

Allegheny ..................................... 2 14 w

Armstrong .................................... 32 5,346 $25.92

Beaver .......................................... 4 239 w

Blair .............................................. 1 59 w

Butler ............................................ 6 56 w

Cambria ........................................ 13 1,315 $26.61

Carbon .......................................... 1 318 w

Centre ........................................... 3 328 w

Clarion .......................................... 6 543 27.08

Clearfield ...................................... 50 4,428 $25.12

Columbia ...................................... 6 411 25.11

Dauphin ........................................ 2 11 −

Elk ................................................ 6 460 $25.01

Fayette .......................................... 20 428 23.59

Greene .......................................... 11 29,794 24.51

Indiana .......................................... 27 5,143 30.33

Jefferson ....................................... 25 1,423 25.15

Lackawanna .................................. 5 243 w

Lawrence ...................................... 2 139 w

Luzerne ......................................... 17 1,030 $41.09

Lycoming ..................................... 1 333 w

Mercer .......................................... 2 5 −

Northumberland ........................... 17 281 23.22

Schuylkill ..................................... 77 2,419 $42.50

Snyder .......................................... 1 1 −

Somerset ....................................... 38 5,381 19.13

Sullivan ........................................ 1 37 w

Venango ....................................... 1 31 w

Washington .................................. 11 7,035 $26.63

Westmoreland .............................. 14 690 23.40

Tennessee .......................................... 26 3,651 27.79

Anderson ...................................... 2 479 w

Bledsoe ......................................... 1 3 −

Campbell ...................................... 10 1,067 $30.69

Claiborne ...................................... 5 625 w

Fentress ........................................ 1 256 w

Marion .......................................... 2 46 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 42 w

Scott .............................................. 1 155 w

Sequatchie .................................... 3 978 w

Texas .................................................. 13 55,164 12.17

Atascosa ....................................... 1 3,324 w

Freestone ...................................... 1 5,196 w

Grimes .......................................... 1 567 w

Harrison ........................................ 2 4,173 w

Hopkins ........................................ 1 2,152 w

Leon .............................................. 1 8,865 w

Milam ........................................... 1 6,615 w

Panola ........................................... 1 6,814 w

Robertson ..................................... 1 1,933 w

Rusk .............................................. 1 6,509 w

Titus .............................................. 1 8,569 w

Webb ............................................ 1 446 w

Utah ................................................... 11 27,507 21.63

Carbon .......................................... 6 12,066 $22.52

Emery ........................................... 4 11,238 w

Sevier ............................................ 1 4,202 w

Virginia .............................................. 191 35,590 28.45

Buchanan ...................................... 74 14,784 $29.62

Dickenson ..................................... 21 2,988 28.71

Lee ................................................ 10 2,036 28.23

Russell .......................................... 7 1,346 29.40

Scott .............................................. 1 5 −

Tazewell ....................................... 17 1,840 $29.68

Wise .............................................. 61 12,591 26.77

See footnotes at end of table.

160 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1996 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Washington ....................................... 3 4,565 w

King .............................................. 1 173 w

Lewis ............................................ 1 2,423 w

Thurston ....................................... 1 1,969 w

West Virginia.................................... 386 170,433 26.58

Barbour ......................................... 10 1,547 w

Boone ........................................... 47 31,024 $28.15

Braxton ......................................... 1 42 w

Brooke .......................................... 2 1,448 w

Clay .............................................. 5 5,507 w

Fayette .......................................... 11 3,964 $28.91

Gilmer .......................................... 1 30 w

Grant ............................................. 4 3,039 w

Greenbrier .................................... 5 804 $29.01

Harrison ........................................ 11 4,682 w

Kanawha ....................................... 11 8,964 $22.88

Logan ............................................ 29 18,789 24.31

Marion .......................................... 4 3,135 w

Marshall ........................................ 2 8,721 w

McDowell ..................................... 77 6,135 $25.77

Mineral ......................................... 2 134 w

Mingo ........................................... 49 22,963 $28.46

Monongalia .................................. 13 12,951 23.69

Nicholas ........................................ 16 2,522 $27.16

Preston .......................................... 15 1,929 24.02

Raleigh ......................................... 19 11,209 29.10

Randolph ...................................... 5 570 27.30

Tucker .......................................... 2 602 w

Upshur .......................................... 12 1,734 $18.89

Wayne .......................................... 6 4,131 24.14

Webster ........................................ 9 5,345 $21.68

Wyoming ...................................... 18 8,510 30.66

Wyoming ........................................... 27 278,440 6.41

Campbell ...................................... 17 245,534 $5.55

Carbon .......................................... 3 4,473 w

Converse ....................................... 2 15,839 w

Lincoln ......................................... 2 4,419 w

Sheridan ........................................ 1 16 w

Sweetwater ................................... 2 8,159 w

U.S. Total .......................................... 1,903 1,063,856 18.50

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production and excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 161 
Table 85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region

Alabama............................................... $39.48 − − − $39.48

Alaska .................................................. − w − − w

Arizona ................................................ w −−− w

Colorado .............................................. 17.72 $18.32 − − 17.94

Illinois .................................................. 22.74 − − − 22.74

Indiana ................................................. 20.24 − − − 20.24

Kansas .................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 23.91 − − − 23.91

Eastern .............................................. 24.98 − − − 24.98

Western ............................................. 20.38 − − − 20.38

Louisiana .............................................. − − w − w

Maryland.............................................. 24.40 − − − 24.40

Missouri ............................................... 23.31 − − − 23.31

Montana ............................................... − w w − 9.96

New Mexico ........................................ w w − − 24.66

North Dakota ....................................... − − $8.01 − 8.01

Ohio ..................................................... $24.85 − − − 24.85

Oklahoma............................................. 26.54 − − − 26.54

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 24.98 − − $36.78 25.78

Anthracite.......................................... − − − 36.78 36.78

Bituminous........................................ 24.98 − − − 24.98

Tennessee............................................. 27.79 − − − 27.79

Texas .................................................... w − w − 12.17

Utah...................................................... $21.63 − − − 21.63

Virginia ................................................ 28.45 − − − 28.45

Washington .......................................... w w − − w

West Virginia Total............................. 26.58 −−− 26.58

Northern ............................................ 24.86 − − − 24.86

Southern ............................................ 27.21 − − − 27.21

Wyoming ............................................. w w − − 6.41

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26.68 − − 36.78 26.78

Interior Total1 ................................... 21.43 − 12.42 − 18.41

Western Total1 .................................. 21.61 7.87 8.04 − 10.03

East of Miss. River............................ 25.61 − − 36.78 25.70

West of Miss. River........................... 21.75 7.87 10.92 − 10.40

U.S. Total............................................ 25.17 7.87 10.92 36.78 18.50

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

162 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Mine Production Range Underground Surface (thousand short tons) Total

Over 1,000 ......................................... $25.81 $11.44 $16.30

500 to 1,000....................................... 27.74 22.77 25.25

200 to 500.......................................... 25.27 24.09 24.74

100 to 200.......................................... 24.73 23.40 24.12

50 to 100............................................ 25.71 25.02 25.40

10 to 50.............................................. 26.14 23.44 24.54

U.S. Total .......................................... 25.96 13.82 18.50

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface (inches) Total

 < 7 .................................................... − $25.61 $25.61

7-12 .................................................... − 25.32 25.32

13-18 .................................................. − 23.69 23.69

19-24 .................................................. $33.30 20.57 20.82

25-30 .................................................. 25.41 24.10 24.37

31-36 .................................................. 27.26 23.16 25.19

37-42 .................................................. 26.91 23.29 25.30

43-48 .................................................. 27.91 23.37 25.84

49-54 .................................................. 26.51 23.93 25.70

55-60 .................................................. 27.63 22.25 26.33

61-66 .................................................. 26.14 21.79 25.23

67-72 .................................................. 28.22 18.98 25.21

73-78 .................................................. 26.03 22.21 25.12

79-84 .................................................. 24.99 22.22 24.34

85-90 .................................................. 23.75 20.91 22.26

91-96 .................................................. 25.14 26.21 25.34

97-102 ................................................ 21.68 17.19 18.64

103-108 .............................................. 27.36 12.07 18.09

109-114 .............................................. 15.90 23.47 17.36

115-120 .............................................. 25.40 26.37 25.75

> 120 .............................................. 19.28 8.34 8.97

U.S. Total .......................................... 25.96 13.82 18.50

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 163 
Table 88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. w w $29.38 $40.87 $42.84 $39.48

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Colorado .................................................. − $17.02 $16.78 w w $17.94

Illinois ..................................................... − w 21.82 $26.31 w 22.74

Indiana .................................................... − − 19.76 23.20 − 20.24

Kansas ..................................................... −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... $16.37 $22.48 23.57 $24.67 $26.84 $23.91

Eastern .................................................. w 24.77 24.66 25.45 w 24.98

Western ................................................ w 19.90 20.41 20.59 w 20.38

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − w 19.90 w $24.40

Missouri .................................................. − w w w w 23.31

Montana .................................................. $9.83 w − w − 9.96

New Mexico ........................................... − w w − − 24.66

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 8.01

Ohio ........................................................ − $23.94 $24.12 $27.19 $18.65 24.85

Oklahoma ................................................ − − w 26.02 w 26.54

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $21.06 24.84 $23.59 25.72 $36.80 25.78

Anthracite ............................................. 21.06 38.25 23.30 26.74 54.61 36.78

Bituminous ........................................... − 23.47 23.59 25.68 32.08 24.98

Tennessee ................................................ − − w 25.57 w 27.79

Texas ....................................................... − 12.04 w w − 12.17

Utah ......................................................... − w $21.49 w − 21.63

Virginia ................................................... − w w $29.17 $29.13 28.45

Washington ............................................. − − w − w w

West Virginia Total................................ w w $26.11 28.03 $32.72 $26.58

Northern ............................................... − w 24.69 25.71 w 24.86

Southern ............................................... w $25.30 26.59 29.32 w 27.21

Wyoming ................................................ w 16.25 w − w 6.41

Appalachian Total1 .............................. w 24.83 25.27 28.26 w 26.78

Interior Total1 ...................................... w 12.81 20.49 24.31 w 18.41

Western Total1...................................... 6.14 18.26 21.35 25.26 26.38 10.03

East of Miss. River ............................... 20.26 23.64 24.12 27.67 35.52 25.70

West of Miss. River.............................. 6.14 15.64 21.02 24.95 27.66 10.40

U.S. Total............................................... 6.19 17.80 23.65 27.60 35.24 18.50

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

164 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − − w $42.30 w $40.75

Colorado .................................................. − w w 28.87 w 17.73

Illinois ..................................................... − − $21.65 w w 23.12

Indiana .................................................... −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... − $27.06 23.96 $25.43 $27.42 $24.66

Eastern .................................................. − 27.06 25.60 w w 25.98

Western ................................................ − − 20.99 w w 21.04

Maryland ................................................. − − w − w w

Montana .................................................. −−− w − w

Ohio ........................................................ − − $23.71 $33.81 − $25.98

Oklahoma ................................................ −−−− w w

Pennsylvania Total ................................. − w 24.50 w $37.44 $25.79

Anthracite ............................................. −−− w w 27.99

Bituminous ........................................... − w 24.50 w w 25.77

Tennessee ................................................ −−− 26.57 27.65 w

Utah ......................................................... − w 21.49 w − $21.63

Virginia ................................................... − − 26.11 $29.92 $28.81 29.46

West Virginia Total................................ − $27.13 26.49 28.11 34.15 27.31

Northern ............................................... − w 24.83 25.77 w 25.21

Southern ............................................... − w 27.52 29.42 w 28.44

Wyoming ................................................ − w −−− w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. − w w 28.99 36.31 27.67

Interior Total1 ...................................... − − 21.37 24.62 28.41 22.43

Western Total1...................................... − w w 25.26 22.37 20.04

East of Miss. River ............................... − w w 28.34 36.28 26.70

West of Miss. River.............................. − w w 25.26 25.44 20.07

U.S. Total............................................... − 22.56 24.08 28.29 36.07 25.96

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 165 
Table 90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

(short tons per miner per hour) Coal-Producing State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. w w $33.12 $37.62 w $35.87

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Colorado .................................................. − w w − − $18.28

Illinois ..................................................... − w w 27.66 w 20.86

Indiana .................................................... − − w w − w

Kansas ..................................................... −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... $16.37 $19.88 $23.05 $22.56 $23.31 $22.68

Eastern .................................................. w 19.83 23.74 w w 23.53

Western ................................................ w 19.90 18.10 w w 18.79

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − wwww

Missouri .................................................. − w w w w $23.31

Montana .................................................. w $15.62 −−− 9.97

New Mexico ........................................... − w w − − 24.66

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− $8.01

Ohio ........................................................ − $23.94 $24.80 $20.98 $18.65 23.43

Oklahoma ................................................ − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $21.06 w $21.20 w $36.33 $25.76

Anthracite ............................................. 21.06 $38.25 23.30 $26.66 w 37.37

Bituminous ........................................... − 21.46 21.05 23.35 w 22.68

Tennessee ................................................ − − wwww

Texas ....................................................... − 12.04 w w − $12.17

Virginia ................................................... − w w $24.01 $33.38 25.88

Washington ............................................. − − w − w w

West Virginia Total................................ w w $25.47 27.21 $22.22 $25.04

Northern ............................................... − w 22.36 25.06 w 22.37

Southern ............................................... w $23.94 25.59 28.26 w 25.34

Wyoming ................................................ w w w − w w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 20.80 23.97 24.72 25.47 33.17 25.07

Interior Total1 ...................................... 16.03 12.81 19.34 23.49 28.80 15.85

Western Total1...................................... 6.14 17.53 22.43 − 30.62 8.86

East of Miss. River ............................... 20.26 22.07 23.48 25.11 33.16 23.86

West of Miss. River.............................. 6.14 14.74 21.82 24.54 29.14 9.42

U.S. Total............................................... 6.19 16.22 23.12 25.08 32.83 13.82

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

166 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2

State and Region Total

Alabama ................................................................ w w 39.48

Alaska .................................................................... w w w

Arizona .................................................................. w − w

Colorado ................................................................ 17.94 − 17.94

Illinois ................................................................... w w 22.74

Indiana ................................................................... w w 20.24

Kansas ................................................................... w − w

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 23.81 29.04 23.91

Eastern ................................................................ w w 24.98

Western .............................................................. w w 20.38

Louisiana ............................................................... w − w

Maryland ............................................................... w w 24.40

Missouri ................................................................ 23.31 − 23.31

Montana ................................................................ w w 9.96

New Mexico.......................................................... 24.66 − 24.66

North Dakota ........................................................ w w 8.01

Ohio....................................................................... 20.17 37.01 24.85

Oklahoma .............................................................. 26.54 − 26.54

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 25.80 25.25 25.78

Anthracite........................................................... 42.53 27.08 36.78

Bituminous ......................................................... 25.03 21.02 24.98

Tennessee .............................................................. w w 27.79

Texas ..................................................................... 13.09 11.82 12.17

Utah....................................................................... 24.05 15.96 21.63

Virginia ................................................................. 28.54 26.97 28.45

Washington ........................................................... w w w

West Virginia Total .............................................. 26.39 39.09 26.58

Northern ............................................................. 24.30 48.30 24.86

Southern ............................................................. 27.15 32.41 27.21

Wyoming ............................................................... 6.03 12.48 6.41

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 26.48 33.56 26.78

Interior Total3..................................................... 20.35 12.07 18.41

Western Total3.................................................... 9.65 14.82 10.03

East of Miss. River ............................................. 25.42 33.43 25.70

West of Miss. River ............................................ 9.93 13.16 10.40

U.S. Total ............................................................. 18.60 17.42 18.50

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 167 
Consumer Prices

Figure 13. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1987-1996

30

40

50

60

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

 0

//

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 169 
Table 92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ $43.55 $43.34 $42.81 $43.34 $45.14 $46.95 0.5 −0.9 −0.8

Connecticut ....................................... 50.05 49.33 46.45 44.80 51.30 63.56 1.5 −.6 −2.6

Massachusetts ................................... 42.64 42.63 43.00 43.39 44.11 42.37 * −.8 .1

New Hampshire ................................ 42.23 41.67 39.66 42.39 44.69 51.47 1.3 −1.4 −2.2

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 35.08 34.63 36.33 36.66 37.56 36.60 1.3 −1.7 −.5

New Jersey........................................ 45.53 47.17 48.49 47.50 46.62 46.80 −3.5 −.6 −.3

New York ......................................... 37.15 36.86 37.63 38.63 38.62 39.46 .8 −1.0 −.7

Pennsylvania ..................................... 34.06 33.48 35.39 35.73 36.81 35.43 1.7 −1.9 −.4

East North Central Total ................. 28.29 29.67 30.56 30.98 32.05 36.62 −4.6 −3.1 −2.8

Illinois ............................................... 32.14 32.58 32.69 35.30 37.06 42.80 −1.3 −3.5 −3.1

Indiana .............................................. 24.67 25.94 26.79 26.73 27.89 31.93 −4.9 −3.0 −2.8

Michigan ........................................... 29.34 30.95 32.90 33.17 34.23 40.55 −5.2 −3.8 −3.5

Ohio .................................................. 32.31 34.44 34.70 34.05 34.40 37.15 −6.2 −1.5 −1.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 19.55 21.23 23.13 22.96 25.92 28.35 −7.9 −6.8 −4.0

West North Central Total ................ 15.53 16.10 16.76 16.88 18.92 21.23 −3.6 −4.8 −3.4

Iowa .................................................. 16.30 17.13 17.39 17.53 19.58 22.81 −4.8 −4.5 −3.7

Kansas............................................... 17.51 17.83 17.85 17.69 20.99 22.22 −1.8 −4.4 −2.6

Minnesota.......................................... 18.99 20.12 20.09 20.07 20.96 21.09 −5.6 −2.4 −1.1

Missouri ............................................ 17.31 18.14 21.39 24.40 27.57 29.96 −4.6 −11.0 −5.9

Nebraska ........................................... 12.37 12.86 13.11 12.92 12.77 16.26 −3.8 −.8 −3.0

North Dakota .................................... 9.72 9.65 9.28 9.38 9.45 10.46 .7 .7 −.8

South Dakota .................................... 16.94 14.35 13.10 13.30 13.68 14.95 18.0 5.5 1.4

South Atlantic Total.......................... 36.68 38.25 39.53 40.80 41.28 41.51 −4.1 −2.9 −1.4

Delaware ........................................... 41.51 42.27 41.98 44.02 45.31 47.33 −1.8 −2.2 −1.4

Florida............................................... 42.40 43.93 43.71 43.58 45.03 44.98 −3.5 −1.5 −.6

Georgia.............................................. 36.54 38.62 39.82 43.29 43.36 43.56 −5.4 −4.2 −1.9

Maryland........................................... 38.49 39.00 39.84 40.78 40.68 39.97 −1.3 −1.4 −.4

North Carolina .................................. 36.87 40.57 41.77 42.36 43.00 44.92 −9.1 −3.8 −2.2

South Carolina .................................. 37.54 38.86 39.84 40.17 39.13 44.01 −3.4 −1.0 −1.8

Virginia ............................................. 35.73 36.90 37.05 37.57 37.81 40.52 −3.2 −1.4 −1.4

West Virginia.................................... 30.93 31.61 34.70 35.42 36.88 67.41 −2.1 −4.3 −101.5

East South Central Total.................. 29.35 30.08 32.43 33.30 33.05 35.95 −2.4 −2.9 −2.2

Alabama ............................................ 36.39 37.00 40.42 42.56 41.67 47.04 −1.6 −3.3 −2.8

Kentucky........................................... 24.43 25.71 27.16 27.29 27.01 28.94 −5.0 −2.5 −1.9

Mississippi ........................................ 33.31 34.40 35.54 40.51 39.94 49.56 −3.2 −4.4 −4.3

Tennessee.......................................... 27.64 27.94 30.61 30.94 31.01 32.74 −1.1 −2.8 −1.9

West South Central Total ................ 20.13 20.66 20.79 22.14 22.55 23.92 −2.6 −2.8 −1.9

Arkansas............................................ 26.15 27.99 27.91 29.50 28.84 26.94 −6.5 −2.4 −.3

Louisiana........................................... 24.74 25.13 25.04 25.65 24.93 26.84 −1.5 −.2 −.9

Oklahoma.......................................... 16.79 17.00 17.50 21.32 21.47 27.56 −1.2 −5.9 −5.3

Texas................................................. 19.26 19.65 19.84 20.91 21.58 22.48 −1.9 −2.8 −1.7

Mountain Total.................................. 21.82 21.51 21.83 22.11 21.64 22.01 1.5 .2 −.1

Arizona.............................................. 29.55 28.65 28.26 27.78 28.31 27.56 3.1 1.1 .8

Colorado............................................ 20.24 20.73 21.01 21.59 21.67 22.01 −2.4 −1.7 −.9

Montana ............................................ 11.90 11.47 11.79 11.78 12.14 11.12 3.8 −.5 .7

Nevada .............................................. 30.44 29.02 32.37 32.34 32.32 31.28 4.9 −1.5 −.3

New Mexico ..................................... 26.04 25.59 25.48 24.61 23.83 21.87 1.8 2.2 2.0

Utah................................................... 24.66 25.27 26.10 27.34 27.54 29.09 −2.4 −2.7 −1.8

Wyoming .......................................... 14.30 14.29 14.09 14.03 13.42 15.27 .1 1.6 −.7

Pacific Total ....................................... 23.96 22.83 21.93 21.55 22.17 26.82 5.0 2.0 −1.2

Oregon .............................................. 18.81 18.79 19.18 19.75 21.23 23.78 .1 −3.0 −2.6

Washington ....................................... 24.91 23.74 22.93 22.09 22.48 27.08 4.9 2.6 −.9

U.S. Total............................................ 26.45 27.01 28.03 28.58 29.36 31.83 −2.1 −2.6 −2.0

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

170 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by

Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ $39.70 $40.28 $40.81 $42.24 $45.14 $56.50 −1.4 −3.1 −3.8

Connecticut ....................................... 45.63 45.84 44.28 43.66 51.30 76.48 −.5 −2.9 −5.6

Massachusetts ................................... 38.87 39.62 40.99 42.29 44.11 50.99 −1.9 −3.1 −3.0

New Hampshire ................................ 38.49 38.72 37.81 41.32 44.69 61.93 −.6 −3.7 −5.1

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 31.98 32.18 34.63 35.73 37.56 44.04 −.6 −3.9 −3.5

New Jersey........................................ 41.50 43.84 46.22 46.30 46.62 56.32 −5.3 −2.9 −3.3

New York ......................................... 33.87 34.25 35.88 37.65 38.62 47.48 −1.1 −3.2 −3.7

Pennsylvania ..................................... 31.05 31.12 33.73 34.82 36.81 42.63 −.2 −4.2 −3.5

East North Central Total ................. 25.79 27.57 29.13 30.20 32.05 44.07 −6.5 −5.3 −5.8

Illinois ............................................... 29.30 30.28 31.17 34.41 37.06 51.50 −3.2 −5.7 −6.1

Indiana .............................................. 22.49 24.11 25.54 26.06 27.89 38.42 −6.7 −5.2 −5.8

Michigan ........................................... 26.74 28.76 31.36 32.33 34.23 48.79 −7.0 −6.0 −6.5

Ohio .................................................. 29.45 32.00 33.08 33.19 34.40 44.70 −8.0 −3.8 −4.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 17.82 19.73 22.05 22.38 25.92 34.11 −9.7 −8.9 −7.0

West North Central Total ................ 14.15 14.97 15.97 16.45 18.92 25.55 −5.4 −7.0 −6.3

Iowa .................................................. 14.86 15.92 16.58 17.08 19.58 27.45 −6.7 −6.7 −6.6

Kansas............................................... 15.96 16.57 17.02 17.24 20.99 26.74 −3.7 −6.6 −5.6

Minnesota.......................................... 17.32 18.70 19.15 19.56 20.96 25.37 −7.4 −4.6 −4.1

Missouri ............................................ 15.78 16.86 20.39 23.78 27.57 36.05 −6.4 −13.0 −8.8

Nebraska ........................................... 11.28 11.96 12.50 12.59 12.77 19.56 −5.7 −3.0 −5.9

North Dakota .................................... 8.86 8.97 8.85 9.14 9.45 12.59 −1.2 −1.6 −3.8

South Dakota .................................... 15.44 13.34 12.49 12.96 13.68 18.00 15.7 3.1 −1.7

South Atlantic Total.......................... 33.44 35.55 37.68 39.77 41.28 49.95 −5.9 −5.1 −4.4

Delaware ........................................... 37.84 39.29 40.02 42.91 45.31 56.96 −3.7 −4.4 −4.4

Florida............................................... 38.65 40.83 41.67 42.48 45.03 54.13 −5.3 −3.7 −3.7

Georgia.............................................. 33.31 35.89 37.96 42.19 43.36 52.42 −7.2 −6.4 −4.9

Maryland........................................... 35.09 36.24 37.98 39.74 40.68 48.10 −3.2 −3.6 −3.4

North Carolina .................................. 33.61 37.70 39.82 41.28 43.00 54.05 −10.8 −6.0 −5.1

South Carolina .................................. 34.22 36.11 37.98 39.15 39.13 52.96 −5.2 −3.3 −4.7

Virginia ............................................. 32.57 34.29 35.32 36.62 37.81 48.76 −5.0 −3.6 −4.4

West Virginia.................................... 28.19 29.38 33.08 34.53 36.88 81.12 −4.0 −6.5 −104.5

East South Central Total.................. 26.75 27.96 30.92 32.46 33.05 43.26 −4.3 −5.1 −5.2

Alabama ............................................ 33.17 34.39 38.53 41.48 41.67 56.61 −3.5 −5.5 −5.8

Kentucky........................................... 22.27 23.89 25.89 26.60 27.01 34.82 −6.8 −4.7 −4.8

Mississippi ........................................ 30.36 31.97 33.88 39.48 39.94 59.64 −5.0 −6.6 −7.2

Tennessee.......................................... 25.19 25.97 29.18 30.16 31.01 39.40 −3.0 −5.1 −4.8

West South Central Total ................ 18.35 19.20 19.82 21.58 22.55 28.79 −4.4 −5.0 −4.9

Arkansas............................................ 23.84 26.01 26.60 28.75 28.84 32.42 −8.3 −4.6 −3.3

Louisiana........................................... 22.55 23.35 23.87 25.00 24.93 32.30 −3.4 −2.5 −3.9

Oklahoma.......................................... 15.31 15.80 16.68 20.78 21.47 33.16 −3.1 −8.1 −8.2

Texas................................................. 17.56 18.26 18.91 20.38 21.58 27.05 −3.8 −5.0 −4.7

Mountain Total.................................. 19.89 19.99 20.81 21.55 21.64 26.48 −.5 −2.1 −3.1

Arizona.............................................. 26.93 26.63 26.94 27.08 28.31 33.16 1.1 −1.2 −2.3

Colorado............................................ 18.45 19.27 20.03 21.04 21.67 26.49 −4.2 −3.9 −3.9

Montana ............................................ 10.85 10.66 11.24 11.48 12.14 13.39 1.8 −2.8 −2.3

Nevada .............................................. 27.75 26.97 30.85 31.52 32.32 37.64 2.9 −3.7 −3.3

New Mexico ..................................... 23.74 23.78 24.29 23.98 23.83 26.32 −.2 −.1 −1.1

Utah................................................... 22.48 23.48 24.88 26.64 27.54 35.01 −4.3 −4.9 −4.8

Wyoming .......................................... 13.04 13.28 13.43 13.68 13.42 18.38 −1.8 −.7 −3.7

Pacific Total ....................................... 21.85 21.22 20.91 21.00 22.17 32.27 3.0 −.4 −4.2

Oregon .............................................. 17.14 17.47 18.28 19.25 21.23 28.62 −1.8 −5.2 −5.5

Washington ....................................... 22.71 22.06 21.85 21.53 22.48 32.58 2.9 .2 −3.9

U.S. Total............................................ 24.11 25.10 26.72 27.86 29.36 38.30 −3.9 −4.8 −5.0

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 171 
Table 94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants By Census

Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ $57.36 $56.90 $55.73 $57.83 $65.71 $59.23 0.8 −3.3 −0.3

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 40.11 41.91 42.20 42.15 43.95 44.14 −4.3 −2.3 −1.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 33.84 34.07 33.66 34.04 35.70 36.62 −.7 −1.3 −.9

East North Central Total ................. 34.44 34.89 34.72 34.54 35.05 35.72 −1.3 −.4 −.4

Illinois ............................................... 29.69 29.03 29.13 29.42 29.24 33.15 2.3 .4 −1.2

Indiana .............................................. 31.76 33.14 31.35 30.91 31.58 30.94 −4.2 .1 .3

Michigan ........................................... 41.28 41.18 41.20 41.46 42.17 43.09 .2 −.5 −.5

Ohio .................................................. 35.28 35.18 35.75 34.82 35.24 33.98 .3 * .4

Wisconsin.......................................... 40.02 40.21 41.23 40.85 42.27 43.99 −.4 −1.3 −1.0

West North Central Total ................ 19.05 18.92 18.61 18.00 17.76 17.62 .6 1.8 .9

Iowa .................................................. 29.32 29.24 28.52 28.01 27.17 34.87 .3 1.9 −1.9

Kansas............................................... 32.46 32.42 32.25 33.06 31.96 34.49 .1 .4 −.7

Minnesota.......................................... 28.85 34.40 35.66 35.81 35.63 37.40 −16.1 −5.1 −2.8

Missouri ............................................ 31.37 32.81 32.87 32.12 31.48 29.32 −4.4 −.1 .8

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 45.69 46.63 46.60 48.28 48.27 46.69 −2.0 −1.4 −.2

Georgia.............................................. 44.21 44.64 45.71 45.20 45.18 43.67 −1.0 −.5 .1

Maryland........................................... 32.52 31.66 32.18 32.18 32.83 32.37 2.7 −.2 *

North Carolina .................................. 43.36 43.29 43.62 43.44 43.46 43.78 .2 * −.1

South Carolina .................................. 44.08 43.16 43.84 43.35 43.31 42.62 2.1 .4 .4

Virginia ............................................. 43.51 42.50 41.56 41.27 40.97 38.92 2.4 1.5 1.2

West Virginia.................................... 33.37 33.61 32.73 32.91 31.93 31.39 −.7 1.1 .7

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 40.15 39.53 38.74 39.01 39.76 40.38 1.5 .2 −.1

Kentucky........................................... 44.02 44.09 43.22 42.30 43.78 43.12 −.2 .1 .2

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 35.21 35.68 35.34 35.41 35.52 35.48 −1.3 −.2 −.1

West South Central Total ................ 21.79 22.04 22.95 21.38 22.80 w −1.1 −1.1 w

Arkansas............................................ 43.24 43.52 44.28 44.06 44.61 45.19 −.6 −.8 −.5

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 41.32 w w w

Texas................................................. 18.99 18.76 19.54 17.58 18.14 19.19 1.2 1.1 −.1

Mountain Total.................................. 26.70 27.06 28.78 28.51 28.66 28.73 −1.3 −1.7 −.8

Arizona.............................................. 39.27 40.46 41.35 40.51 40.95 38.66 −2.9 −1.0 .2

Colorado............................................ 23.17 26.11 28.96 28.63 30.34 28.79 −11.2 −6.5 −2.4

Idaho ................................................. 36.39 34.11 33.35 32.78 33.29 35.03 6.7 2.2 .4

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 19.10 19.74 26.57 26.51 25.35 23.85 −3.2 −6.8 −2.4

Wyoming .......................................... 22.32 22.72 22.87 23.43 23.67 23.61 −1.8 −1.4 −.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 42.45 43.68 44.92 43.83 43.37 47.73 −2.8 −.5 −1.3

California .......................................... 39.54 41.11 43.39 42.86 42.05 48.63 −3.8 −1.5 −2.3

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 58.81 59.15 58.86 53.11 56.25 46.43 −.6 1.1 2.7

U.S. Total............................................ 32.32 32.42 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.71 −.3 −.3 −.5

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

172 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by

Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ $52.28 $52.88 $53.13 $56.37 $65.71 $71.27 −1.1 −5.5 −3.4

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 36.56 38.95 40.23 41.09 43.95 53.12 −6.1 −4.5 −4.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 30.85 31.66 32.09 33.18 35.70 44.06 −2.6 −3.6 −3.9

East North Central Total ................. 31.40 32.42 33.10 33.66 35.05 42.99 −3.2 −2.7 −3.4

Illinois ............................................... 27.06 26.98 27.77 28.67 29.24 39.89 .3 −1.9 −4.2

Indiana .............................................. 28.95 30.80 29.89 30.13 31.58 37.24 −6.0 −2.1 −2.8

Michigan ........................................... 37.63 38.27 39.28 40.41 42.17 51.85 −1.7 −2.8 −3.5

Ohio .................................................. 32.16 32.70 34.08 33.94 35.24 40.89 −1.6 −2.3 −2.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 36.49 37.37 39.31 39.81 42.27 52.93 −2.4 −3.6 −4.0

West North Central Total ................ 17.36 17.59 17.74 17.54 17.76 21.20 −1.3 −.6 −2.2

Iowa .................................................. 26.73 27.17 27.19 27.30 27.17 41.96 −1.6 −.4 −4.9

Kansas............................................... 29.59 30.13 30.74 32.22 31.96 41.50 −1.8 −1.9 −3.7

Minnesota.......................................... 26.30 31.97 33.99 34.90 35.63 45.01 −17.7 −7.3 −5.8

Missouri ............................................ 28.60 30.49 31.34 31.30 31.48 35.28 −6.2 −2.4 −2.3

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 41.65 43.34 44.43 47.06 48.27 56.19 −3.9 −3.6 −3.3

Georgia.............................................. 40.30 41.49 43.58 44.05 45.18 52.55 −2.8 −2.8 −2.9

Maryland........................................... 29.65 29.42 30.67 31.36 32.83 38.95 .8 −2.5 −3.0

North Carolina .................................. 39.53 40.23 41.58 42.34 43.46 52.68 −1.8 −2.3 −3.1

South Carolina .................................. 40.18 40.11 41.79 42.25 43.31 51.29 .2 −1.8 −2.7

Virginia ............................................. 39.66 39.50 39.62 40.23 40.97 46.83 .4 −.8 −1.8

West Virginia.................................... 30.42 31.24 31.20 32.08 31.93 37.77 −2.6 −1.2 −2.4

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 36.60 36.74 36.93 38.02 39.76 48.59 −.4 −2.0 −3.1

Kentucky........................................... 40.12 40.97 41.20 41.23 43.78 51.89 −2.1 −2.1 −2.8

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 32.10 33.16 33.69 34.52 35.52 42.69 −3.2 −2.5 −3.1

West South Central Total ................ 19.86 20.48 21.87 20.84 22.80 w −3.0 −3.4 w

Arkansas............................................ 39.42 40.44 42.21 42.95 44.61 54.38 −2.5 −3.0 −3.5

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 49.72 w w w

Texas................................................. 17.31 17.43 18.63 17.13 18.14 23.10 −.7 −1.2 −3.1

Mountain Total.................................. 24.34 25.15 27.44 27.79 28.66 34.57 −3.2 −4.0 −3.8

Arizona.............................................. 35.80 37.60 39.42 39.48 40.95 46.52 −4.8 −3.3 −2.9

Colorado............................................ 21.12 24.26 27.61 27.90 30.34 34.64 −12.9 −8.6 −5.3

Idaho ................................................. 33.17 31.70 31.79 31.95 33.29 42.16 4.6 −.1 −2.6

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 17.41 18.34 25.33 25.84 25.35 28.70 −5.1 −8.9 −5.4

Wyoming .......................................... 20.35 21.12 21.81 22.84 23.67 28.41 −3.6 −3.7 −3.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 38.69 40.60 42.82 42.72 43.37 57.44 −4.7 −2.8 −4.3

California .......................................... 36.04 38.21 41.37 41.78 42.05 58.52 −5.7 −3.8 −5.2

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 53.61 54.97 56.11 51.76 56.25 55.87 −2.5 −1.2 −.4

U.S. Total............................................ 29.46 30.13 31.03 31.41 32.78 40.56 −2.2 −2.6 −3.5

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators.

See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 173 
Table 96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $45.16 $46.11 $46.25 $46.41 $46.49 $42.54 −2.0 −0.7 0.7

East North Central Total ................. 49.54 49.09 47.23 49.52 50.37 49.00 .9 −.4 .1

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 51.93 52.74 50.90 52.29 53.72 51.44 −1.5 −.8 .1

Michigan ........................................... w w w − − ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 44.98 42.18 42.02 45.07 46.68 46.04 6.6 −.9 −.3

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 49.37 48.42 47.45 47.50 47.80 45.89 1.9 .8 .8

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w − ww w

Utah................................................... w w w w w − ww w

U.S. Total............................................ 47.33 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.92 46.55 * −.3 .2

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census

Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $41.17 $42.85 $44.09 $45.24 $46.49 $51.19 −3.9 −3.0 −2.4

East North Central Total ................. 45.16 45.63 45.02 48.26 50.37 58.96 −1.0 −2.7 −2.9

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 47.34 49.01 48.52 50.97 53.72 61.90 −3.4 −3.1 −2.9

Michigan ........................................... w w w − − ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 41.00 39.21 40.05 43.92 46.68 55.40 4.6 −3.2 −3.3

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 45.00 45.00 45.23 46.30 47.80 55.23 * −1.5 −2.2

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w − ww w

Utah................................................... w w w w w − ww w

U.S. Total............................................ 43.15 44.00 44.38 46.24 47.92 56.01 −1.9 −2.6 −2.8

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

174 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Import/Export Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 175 
Table 98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Origin 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $34.89 $35.12 $30.81 $29.60 $29.56 $32.53 −0.7 4.2 0.8

Canada .............................................. 34.90 35.12 30.81 29.62 29.56 33.19 −.6 4.2 .5

Mexico .............................................. 33.43 − − 21.19 − 25.57 − − 3.0

South America Total......................... 31.24 32.76 29.00 27.64 33.04 32.96 −4.6 −1.4 −.6

Colombia........................................... 31.40 31.15 27.46 27.26 32.25 32.89 .8 −.7 −.5

Venezuela.......................................... 30.97 35.14 32.41 28.87 35.61 35.22 −11.9 −3.4 −1.4

Europe Total ...................................... − 25.70 − 32.08 34.12 28.70 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Denmark............................................ − − − 32.08 − −− − −

Spain ................................................. − − − − − 28.70 − −−100.0

United Kingdom ............................... − 25.70 − − 34.12 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Asia Total ........................................... 32.45 35.13 34.09 42.70 38.75 − −7.6 −4.3 −

India .................................................. − − − − 23.65 −− −100.0 −

Indonesia........................................... 32.45 35.13 33.80 42.70 40.94 − −7.6 −5.6 −

Malaysia............................................ − − − − 47.06 −− −100.0 −

Vietnam............................................. − − 48.08 − − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 33.41 33.57 31.16 31.56 36.07 27.17 −.5 −1.9 2.3

Australia............................................ 33.41 30.99 30.02 31.56 36.07 27.17 7.8 −1.9 2.3

New Zealand..................................... − 46.42 44.15 − − − −100.0 − −

Africa Total........................................ − − 25.33 27.81 49.29 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − 25.33 − 49.29 −− −100.0 −

Swaziland.......................................... − − − 27.81 − −− − −

Total1 .................................................. 32.17 33.54 30.01 29.44 32.83 32.08 −4.1 −.5 *

U.S. Total2.......................................... 33.45 34.13 30.21 29.89 33.46 32.04 −2.0 * .5

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $55 per short ton, inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

176 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $33.09 $34.05 $32.42 $34.05 $33.05 $41.16 −2.8 * −2.4

Canada1 ............................................ 32.23 33.49 32.08 33.76 32.98 41.19 −3.8 −0.6 −2.7

Jamaica.............................................. 34.78 32.67 33.22 28.44 26.82 − 6.5 6.7 −

Mexico .............................................. 39.70 39.96 44.28 44.04 44.69 39.20 −.6 −2.9 .1

Other2 ............................................... 39.65 39.04 36.98 36.80 36.54 38.77 1.6 2.1 .2

South America Total......................... 43.81 43.46 42.28 43.77 45.49 44.03 .8 −.9 *

Argentina .......................................... 46.36 43.40 42.48 43.21 45.41 43.27 6.8 .5 .8

Brazil................................................. 44.67 43.88 42.26 43.84 45.57 44.06 1.8 −.5 .1

Chile.................................................. 32.37 31.70 34.47 46.78 47.38 45.97 2.1 −9.1 −3.8

Other2 ............................................... 39.19 43.42 40.88 39.46 31.19 50.88 −9.8 5.9 −2.9

Europe Total ...................................... 42.10 40.92 41.86 43.05 42.40 42.37 2.9 −.2 −.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 45.73 43.47 42.23 43.23 44.01 41.61 5.2 1.0 1.0

Bulgaria............................................. 44.26 44.04 42.09 41.96 41.70 − .5 1.5 −

Denmark............................................ 29.30 29.37 29.23 34.95 32.69 33.01 −.2 −2.7 −1.3

Finland .............................................. 42.11 39.47 41.14 39.61 40.81 41.11 6.7 .8 .3

France................................................ 44.94 43.71 44.23 42.24 39.43 43.12 2.8 3.3 .4

Germany, FR .................................... 41.08 34.99 45.33 38.98 38.27 41.76 17.4 1.8 −.2

Ireland ............................................... 37.35 36.07 33.82 35.84 36.81 43.58 3.6 .4 −1.7

Italy ................................................... 45.05 44.14 43.00 44.33 45.43 41.58 2.0 −.2 .9

Netherlands ....................................... 41.36 41.97 41.93 44.22 43.34 43.31 −1.4 −1.2 −.5

Norway.............................................. 57.05 56.42 54.57 53.48 50.12 47.26 1.1 3.3 2.1

Portugal............................................. 36.53 36.46 36.25 37.70 40.74 42.91 .2 −2.7 −1.8

Romania ............................................ 46.95 42.43 38.10 38.54 42.66 42.92 10.6 2.4 1.0

Spain ................................................. 37.56 34.75 40.12 42.66 41.95 43.79 8.1 −2.7 −1.7

Sweden.............................................. 47.50 48.21 45.56 45.96 46.66 43.34 −1.5 .4 1.0

Turkey............................................... 44.33 42.61 41.28 42.58 45.54 44.15 4.0 −.7 *

United Kingdom ............................... 38.90 40.92 45.06 45.94 45.59 44.26 −4.9 −3.9 −1.4

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 38.06 − 39.60 42.83 42.83 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 38.03 55.95 38.14 40.67 41.89 42.89 −32.0 −2.4 −1.3

Asia Total ........................................... 39.57 39.10 38.63 40.49 42.65 43.38 1.2 −1.8 −1.0

China (Taiwan)................................. 36.86 36.95 38.65 39.49 41.23 39.94 −.2 −2.8 −.9

Israel.................................................. 36.40 35.79 33.23 34.79 39.11 36.56 1.7 −1.8 *

Japan ................................................. 39.41 39.14 38.52 40.72 42.91 45.61 .7 −2.1 −1.6

Korea, Republic of ........................... 42.72 40.97 40.24 42.12 44.93 41.53 4.3 −1.3 .3

Other2 ............................................... 48.89 30.41 37.24 44.23 37.06 54.29 60.8 7.2 −1.1

Oceania & Australia Total............... 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 38.13 2.1 4.2 .7

Other2 ............................................... 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 38.13 2.1 4.2 .7

Africa Total........................................ 44.36 43.07 43.59 42.55 42.97 41.32 3.0 .8 .8

Algeria .............................................. 50.23 47.80 43.24 44.32 46.35 43.72 5.1 2.0 1.5

Egypt................................................. 53.37 49.36 43.14 44.86 46.08 42.08 8.1 3.7 2.7

Morocco ............................................ 33.93 33.00 35.03 33.86 33.80 35.55 2.8 .1 −.5

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 49.55 47.38 45.67 46.87 47.79 48.25 4.6 .9 .3

Other2 ............................................... − − − 40.53 − 40.82 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 40.53 40.03 39.90 41.33 41.29 42.49 1.2 −.5 −.5

U.S. Total4.......................................... 40.76 40.27 39.93 41.41 41.34 42.77 1.2 −.3 −.5

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 177 
Table 100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination,

1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $30.17 $31.64 $30.90 $33.19 $33.05 $49.53 −4.7 −2.3 −5.4

Canada1 ............................................ 29.38 31.12 30.58 32.91 32.98 49.56 −5.6 −2.8 −5.6

Jamaica.............................................. 31.71 30.36 31.67 27.72 26.82 − 4.4 4.3 −

Mexico .............................................. 36.19 37.13 42.21 42.93 44.69 47.17 −2.5 −5.1 −2.9

Other2 ............................................... 36.14 36.28 35.26 35.87 36.54 46.65 −.4 −.3 −2.8

South America Total......................... 39.93 40.39 40.31 42.66 45.49 52.98 −1.1 −3.2 −3.1

Argentina .......................................... 42.26 40.34 40.50 42.12 45.41 52.07 4.8 −1.8 −2.3

Brazil................................................. 40.72 40.78 40.29 42.73 45.57 53.02 −.1 −2.8 −2.9

Chile.................................................. 29.51 29.46 32.86 45.59 47.38 55.32 .2 −11.2 −6.7

Other2 ............................................... 35.72 40.36 38.97 38.46 31.19 61.23 −11.5 3.4 −5.8

Europe Total ...................................... 38.38 38.03 39.90 41.96 42.40 50.99 .9 −2.5 −3.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 41.69 40.40 40.26 42.13 44.01 50.07 3.2 −1.3 −2.0

Bulgaria............................................. 40.35 40.93 40.13 40.90 41.70 − −1.4 −.8 −

Denmark............................................ 26.71 27.29 27.86 34.07 32.69 39.72 −2.1 −4.9 −4.3

Finland .............................................. 38.39 36.68 39.21 38.61 40.81 49.47 4.6 −1.5 −2.8

France................................................ 40.96 40.63 42.17 41.17 39.43 51.89 .8 .9 −2.6

Germany, FR .................................... 37.44 32.52 43.21 37.99 38.27 50.25 15.1 −.5 −3.2

Ireland ............................................... 34.05 33.52 32.24 34.93 36.81 52.44 1.6 −1.9 −4.7

Italy ................................................... 41.07 41.02 40.99 43.20 45.43 50.04 .1 −2.5 −2.2

Netherlands ....................................... 37.70 39.00 39.97 43.10 43.34 52.12 −3.3 −3.4 −3.5

Norway.............................................. 52.01 52.44 52.02 52.12 50.12 56.87 −.8 .9 −1.0

Portugal............................................. 33.30 33.88 34.56 36.74 40.74 51.64 −1.7 −4.9 −4.8

Romania ............................................ 42.80 39.43 36.32 37.56 42.66 51.65 8.5 .1 −2.1

Spain ................................................. 34.24 32.29 38.25 41.58 41.95 52.69 6.0 −4.9 −4.7

Sweden.............................................. 43.30 44.80 43.43 44.80 46.66 52.15 −3.3 −1.8 −2.0

Turkey............................................... 40.41 39.60 39.35 41.50 45.54 53.13 2.0 −2.9 −3.0

United Kingdom ............................... 35.46 38.03 42.95 44.77 45.59 53.26 −6.8 −6.1 −4.4

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 35.37 − 38.59 42.83 51.54 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 34.66 51.99 36.36 39.64 41.89 51.61 −33.3 −4.6 −4.3

Asia Total ........................................... 36.07 36.34 36.83 39.46 42.65 52.20 −.7 −4.1 −4.0

China (Taiwan)................................. 33.60 34.34 36.84 38.49 41.23 48.07 −2.1 −5.0 −3.9

Israel.................................................. 33.18 33.26 31.68 33.91 39.11 44.00 −.2 −4.0 −3.1

Japan ................................................. 35.93 36.38 36.73 39.68 42.91 54.89 −1.2 −4.3 −4.6

Korea, Republic of ........................... 38.95 38.08 38.36 41.05 44.93 49.98 2.3 −3.5 −2.7

Other2 ............................................... 44.57 28.26 35.50 43.11 37.06 65.33 57.7 4.7 −4.1

Oceania & Australia Total............... 37.11 37.05 38.12 33.59 34.50 45.89 .1 1.8 −2.3

Other2 ............................................... 37.11 37.05 38.12 33.59 34.50 45.89 .1 1.8 −2.3

Africa Total........................................ 40.44 40.03 41.56 41.47 42.97 49.73 1.0 −1.5 −2.3

Algeria .............................................. 45.79 44.42 41.22 43.20 46.35 52.61 3.1 −.3 −1.5

Egypt................................................. 48.65 45.88 41.12 43.72 46.08 50.64 6.0 1.4 −.4

Morocco ............................................ 30.93 30.67 33.40 33.00 33.80 42.78 .9 −2.2 −3.5

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 45.16 44.03 43.53 45.69 47.79 58.06 2.6 −1.4 −2.8

Other2 ............................................... − − − 39.51 − 49.13 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 36.94 37.20 38.03 40.28 41.29 51.13 −.7 −2.7 −3.5

U.S. Total4.......................................... 37.16 37.43 38.07 40.36 41.34 51.47 −.7 −2.6 −3.5

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

178 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination,

1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $36.79 $37.25 $35.08 $36.03 $36.39 $44.53 −1.3 0.3 −2.1

Canada1 ............................................ 35.99 36.55 34.58 35.66 36.31 44.65 −1.5 −.2 −2.4

Mexico .............................................. 47.36 46.90 44.54 45.17 47.95 − 1.0 −.3 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 38.77 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 44.61 43.66 42.29 43.91 45.65 43.99 2.2 −.6 .1

Argentina .......................................... 46.87 43.54 42.56 43.63 45.45 43.27 7.6 .8 .9

Brazil................................................. 44.73 43.89 42.26 43.94 45.65 44.05 1.9 −.5 .2

Chile.................................................. 30.26 30.26 − − 47.40 45.97 * −10.6 −4.5

Other2 ............................................... 50.76 − − − − −− − −

Europe Total ...................................... 47.68 46.02 44.56 45.62 46.61 43.68 3.6 .6 1.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 48.68 45.97 45.07 45.95 47.02 42.58 5.9 .9 1.5

Bulgaria............................................. 43.36 44.04 42.13 41.99 41.70 − −1.5 1.0 −

Denmark............................................ − − − 36.29 − −− − −

Finland .............................................. 44.21 42.65 42.34 39.61 40.81 41.11 3.6 2.0 .8

France................................................ 47.13 45.08 44.36 45.17 44.45 43.40 4.5 1.5 .9

Germany, FR .................................... 49.87 47.52 45.88 46.17 45.79 43.50 4.9 2.1 1.5

Ireland ............................................... − − − − − 41.64 − −−100.0

Italy ................................................... 47.90 46.61 45.32 45.93 47.54 44.37 2.8 .2 .8

Netherlands ....................................... 47.29 46.56 44.96 46.17 47.00 44.04 1.6 .1 .8

Norway.............................................. 57.05 56.42 54.57 53.48 50.12 46.23 1.1 3.3 2.4

Portugal............................................. 45.20 46.45 − 38.43 44.33 44.50 −2.7 .5 .2

Romania ............................................ 46.95 43.02 34.71 40.64 42.66 42.92 9.1 2.4 1.0

Spain ................................................. 50.92 49.02 46.36 47.47 48.58 44.28 3.9 1.2 1.6

Sweden.............................................. 48.20 48.20 45.56 45.96 46.67 43.34 * .8 1.2

Turkey............................................... 44.54 43.28 41.28 42.58 45.54 44.15 2.9 −.5 .1

United Kingdom ............................... 49.08 47.22 45.15 46.64 47.72 44.27 3.9 .7 1.1

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − − − 48.31 45.04 42.43 − −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 57.43 56.04 38.00 − 41.89 40.43 2.5 8.2 4.0

Asia Total ........................................... 43.45 42.38 41.45 43.81 45.39 46.00 2.5 −1.1 −.6

China (Taiwan)................................. 45.24 44.48 42.48 44.86 45.63 42.15 1.7 −.2 .8

Israel.................................................. 40.91 40.91 − − 40.13 − * .5 −

Japan ................................................. 42.19 41.14 40.57 43.24 44.98 46.40 2.5 −1.6 −1.0

Korea, Republic of ........................... 46.08 45.98 44.00 45.67 47.13 44.82 .2 −.6 .3

Other2 ............................................... 59.36 − − 45.13 − 54.43 − − 1.0

Africa Total........................................ 50.87 48.52 43.95 45.25 46.29 43.20 4.8 2.4 1.8

Algeria .............................................. 50.23 47.80 43.24 44.32 46.35 43.72 5.1 2.0 1.5

Egypt................................................. 53.38 49.38 43.14 44.86 46.09 42.08 8.1 3.7 2.7

Morocco ............................................ 30.30 −−− 34.22 −− −3.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 49.55 47.38 45.67 46.87 47.79 48.25 4.6 .9 .3

Other2 ............................................... − − − 40.53 − 40.82 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 45.40 44.24 42.75 44.09 45.38 44.40 2.6 * .2

U.S. Total4.......................................... 45.49 44.30 42.77 44.11 45.41 44.49 2.7 * .2

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 179 
Table 102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by

Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $33.53 $34.62 $33.44 $35.12 $36.39 $53.58 −3.1 −2.0 −5.1

Canada1 ............................................ 32.81 33.97 32.96 34.76 36.31 53.72 −3.4 −2.5 −5.3

Mexico .............................................. 43.17 43.59 42.46 44.03 47.95 − −1.0 −2.6 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 46.65 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 40.67 40.58 40.31 42.80 45.65 52.94 .2 −2.8 −2.9

Argentina .......................................... 42.73 40.46 40.57 42.52 45.45 52.07 5.6 −1.5 −2.2

Brazil................................................. 40.78 40.79 40.29 42.83 45.65 53.01 * −2.8 −2.9

Chile.................................................. 27.59 28.13 − − 47.40 55.32 −1.9 −12.6 −7.4

Other2 ............................................... 46.27 − − − − −− − −

Europe Total ...................................... 43.46 42.77 42.48 44.47 46.61 52.56 1.6 −1.7 −2.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 44.37 42.72 42.97 44.78 47.02 51.24 3.9 −1.4 −1.6

Bulgaria............................................. 39.53 40.93 40.16 40.93 41.70 − −3.4 −1.3 −

Denmark............................................ − − − 35.37 − −− − −

Finland .............................................. 40.30 39.64 40.37 38.60 40.81 49.47 1.7 −.3 −2.3

France................................................ 42.96 41.90 42.29 44.02 44.45 52.23 2.5 −.8 −2.1

Germany, FR .................................... 45.46 44.16 43.74 45.00 45.79 52.35 2.9 −.2 −1.5

Ireland ............................................... − − − − − 50.11 − −−100.0

Italy ................................................... 43.66 43.32 43.21 44.76 47.54 53.39 .8 −2.1 −2.2

Netherlands ....................................... 43.11 43.27 42.86 45.00 47.00 53.00 −.4 −2.1 −2.3

Norway.............................................. 52.01 52.44 52.02 52.12 50.12 55.63 −.8 .9 −.7

Portugal............................................. 41.21 43.17 − 37.46 44.33 53.55 −4.5 −1.8 −2.9

Romania ............................................ 42.80 39.99 33.09 39.61 42.66 51.65 7.0 .1 −2.1

Spain ................................................. 46.42 45.56 44.19 46.27 48.58 53.29 1.9 −1.1 −1.5

Sweden.............................................. 43.93 44.80 43.43 44.80 46.67 52.15 −1.9 −1.5 −1.9

Turkey............................................... 40.60 40.22 39.35 41.51 45.54 53.13 .9 −2.8 −2.9

United Kingdom ............................... 44.74 43.88 43.04 45.46 47.72 53.27 2.0 −1.6 −1.9

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − − − 47.08 45.04 51.05 − −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 52.35 52.09 36.23 − 41.89 48.65 .5 5.7 .8

Asia Total ........................................... 39.61 39.39 39.52 42.70 45.39 55.35 .6 −3.3 −3.6

China (Taiwan)................................. 41.24 41.34 40.50 43.73 45.63 50.72 −.2 −2.5 −2.3

Israel.................................................. 37.30 38.02 − − 40.13 − −1.9 −1.8 −

Japan ................................................. 38.46 38.23 38.67 42.15 44.98 55.84 .6 −3.8 −4.0

Korea, Republic of ........................... 42.00 42.74 41.94 44.52 47.13 53.94 −1.7 −2.8 −2.7

Other2 ............................................... 54.11 − − 43.99 − 65.50 −−−2.1

Africa Total........................................ 46.37 45.09 41.89 44.11 46.29 51.98 2.8 * −1.3

Algeria .............................................. 45.79 44.42 41.22 43.20 46.35 52.61 3.1 −.3 −1.5

Egypt................................................. 48.66 45.89 41.12 43.73 46.09 50.64 6.0 1.4 −.4

Morocco ............................................ 27.62 −−− 34.22 −− −5.2 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 45.16 44.04 43.53 45.69 47.79 58.06 2.5 −1.4 −2.8

Other2 ............................................... − − − 39.51 − 49.13 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 41.39 41.12 40.75 42.98 45.38 53.43 .6 −2.3 −2.8

U.S. Total4.......................................... 41.46 41.17 40.77 42.99 45.41 53.54 .7 −2.2 −2.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

180 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $29.41 $31.06 $30.09 $31.68 $31.41 $38.83 −5.3 −1.6 −3.0

Canada1 ............................................ 28.06 30.46 29.97 31.50 31.33 38.83 −7.9 −2.7 −3.5

Jamaica.............................................. 34.78 32.67 33.22 28.44 26.82 − 6.5 6.7 −

Mexico .............................................. 36.21 35.60 41.42 40.40 41.59 39.20 1.7 −3.4 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 39.65 39.04 36.98 36.80 36.54 40.02 1.6 2.1 −.1

South America Total......................... 34.94 35.66 36.52 40.05 41.06 45.42 −2.0 −3.9 −2.9

Argentina .......................................... 40.53 36.09 33.11 37.81 30.13 39.98 12.3 7.7 .1

Brazil................................................. 40.57 34.81 − 40.61 42.95 44.22 16.5 −1.4 −.9

Chile.................................................. 32.76 32.96 34.47 46.78 40.96 − −.6 −5.4 −

Other2 ............................................... 39.16 43.42 40.88 39.46 31.19 50.88 −9.8 5.8 −2.9

Europe Total ...................................... 33.71 34.33 35.01 36.50 36.44 39.30 −1.8 −1.9 −1.7

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 36.69 35.07 33.49 34.09 36.35 35.65 4.6 .2 .3

Bulgaria ............................................. 50.55 − 41.40 41.51 − −− − −

Denmark............................................ 29.30 29.37 29.23 34.34 32.69 33.01 −.2 −2.7 −1.3

Finland .............................................. 35.23 35.53 35.47 40.85 − −−.9 − −

France................................................ 36.14 35.13 38.11 31.83 33.64 36.50 2.9 1.8 −.1

Germany, FR .................................... 31.92 33.31 40.67 34.19 35.82 38.06 −4.2 −2.8 −1.9

Ireland ............................................... 37.35 36.07 33.82 35.84 36.81 43.72 3.6 .4 −1.7

Italy ................................................... 41.20 41.70 38.30 40.26 41.32 38.15 −1.2 −.1 .8

Netherlands ....................................... 32.94 36.45 35.95 40.21 39.24 42.04 −9.6 −4.3 −2.7

Norway.............................................. − − − − − 57.76 − −−100.0

Portugal............................................. 35.60 36.28 36.25 37.62 40.38 42.62 −1.9 −3.1 −2.0

Romania ............................................ − 39.08 40.63 36.29 − −−100.0 − −

Spain ................................................. 22.14 21.37 21.19 25.21 28.38 30.45 3.6 −6.0 −3.5

Sweden.............................................. 39.21 48.54 − − 34.53 − −19.2 3.2 −

Turkey............................................... 41.28 30.98 − 40.84 40.72 − 33.2 .3 −

United Kingdom ............................... 28.82 30.63 42.71 41.26 39.34 35.22 −5.9 −7.5 −2.2

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 38.06 − 29.03 22.35 50.42 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 34.56 40.69 40.92 40.67 42.07 50.08 −15.1 −4.8 −4.0

Asia Total ........................................... 35.84 34.63 35.18 36.52 38.27 38.53 3.5 −1.6 −.8

China (Taiwan)................................. 35.33 35.66 38.28 39.01 40.63 39.70 −.9 −3.4 −1.3

Israel.................................................. 35.12 34.63 33.23 34.79 38.89 36.56 1.4 −2.5 −.4

Japan ................................................. 36.31 35.03 33.57 35.45 35.98 37.48 3.6 .2 −.3

Korea, Republic of ........................... 35.32 32.01 32.56 34.34 37.24 36.26 10.3 −1.3 −.3

Other2 ............................................... 38.26 30.41 37.24 37.31 37.06 39.11 25.8 .8 −.2

Oceania & Australia Total............... 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 38.13 2.1 4.2 .7

Other2 ............................................... 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 38.13 2.1 4.2 .7

Africa Total........................................ 34.02 33.01 35.12 33.86 33.78 35.55 3.1 .2 −.5

Egypt................................................. 40.78 40.81 40.89 40.88 39.92 58.65 −.1 .5 −3.9

Morocco ............................................ 34.01 33.00 35.03 33.86 33.77 35.55 3.1 .2 −.5

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − 39.80 − − − −−100.0 − −

Total3 .................................................. 33.51 33.89 34.03 35.67 35.57 38.91 −1.1 −1.5 −1.6

U.S. Total4.......................................... 34.09 34.51 34.34 36.03 35.73 39.60 −1.2 −1.2 −1.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 181 
Table 104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1987, 1992-1996

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $26.81 $28.87 $28.69 $30.87 $31.41 $46.73 −7.1 −3.9 −6.0

Canada1 ............................................ 25.58 28.31 28.57 30.70 31.33 46.73 −9.7 −4.9 −6.5

Jamaica.............................................. 31.71 30.36 31.67 27.72 26.82 − 4.4 4.3 −

Mexico .............................................. 33.00 33.09 39.48 39.37 41.59 47.17 −.3 −5.6 −3.9

Other2 ............................................... 36.14 36.28 35.26 35.87 36.54 48.16 −.4 −.3 −3.1

South America Total......................... 31.85 33.14 34.81 39.04 41.06 54.65 −3.9 −6.1 −5.8

Argentina .......................................... 36.95 33.54 31.56 36.85 30.13 48.11 10.1 5.2 −2.9

Brazil................................................. 36.99 32.36 − 39.58 42.95 53.21 14.3 −3.7 −3.9

Chile.................................................. 29.86 30.63 32.86 45.59 40.96 − −2.5 −7.6 −

Other2 ............................................... 35.69 40.36 38.97 38.46 31.19 61.23 −11.5 3.4 −5.8

Europe Total ...................................... 30.73 31.90 33.38 35.57 36.44 47.29 −3.7 −4.2 −4.7

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 33.45 32.59 31.92 33.23 36.35 42.90 2.6 −2.0 −2.7

Bulgaria ............................................. 46.08 − 39.46 40.46 − −− − −

Denmark............................................ 26.71 27.29 27.86 33.47 32.69 39.72 −2.1 −4.9 −4.3

Finland .............................................. 32.11 33.02 33.81 39.81 − −−2.8 − −

France................................................ 32.94 32.65 36.33 31.02 33.64 43.92 .9 −.5 −3.1

Germany, FR .................................... 29.10 30.96 38.77 33.33 35.82 45.81 −6.0 −5.0 −4.9

Ireland ............................................... 34.05 33.52 32.24 34.93 36.81 52.61 1.6 −1.9 −4.7

Italy ................................................... 37.55 38.76 36.51 39.24 41.32 45.91 −3.1 −2.4 −2.2

Netherlands ....................................... 30.03 33.88 34.27 39.19 39.24 50.59 −11.4 −6.5 −5.6

Norway.............................................. − − − − − 69.51 − −−100.0

Portugal............................................. 32.45 33.72 34.56 36.67 40.38 51.29 −3.8 −5.3 −4.9

Romania ............................................ − 36.32 38.74 35.37 − −−100.0 − −

Spain ................................................. 20.19 19.86 20.20 24.57 28.38 36.64 1.6 −8.2 −6.4

Sweden.............................................. 35.74 45.11 − − 34.53 − −20.8 .9 −

Turkey............................................... 37.63 28.80 − 39.80 40.72 − 30.7 −1.9 −

United Kingdom ............................... 26.27 28.47 40.71 40.22 39.34 42.38 −7.7 −9.6 −5.2

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 35.37 − 28.29 22.35 60.67 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 31.51 37.82 39.01 39.64 42.07 60.27 −16.7 −7.0 −6.9

Asia Total ........................................... 32.67 32.18 33.54 35.59 38.27 46.36 1.5 −3.9 −3.8

China (Taiwan)................................. 32.21 33.14 36.49 38.02 40.63 47.77 −2.8 −5.6 −4.3

Israel.................................................. 32.01 32.18 31.68 33.91 38.89 44.00 −.5 −4.8 −3.5

Japan ................................................. 33.10 32.55 32.00 34.55 35.98 45.10 1.7 −2.1 −3.4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 32.20 29.75 31.04 33.47 37.24 43.63 8.2 −3.6 −3.3

Other2 ............................................... 34.87 28.26 35.50 36.37 37.06 47.06 23.4 −1.5 −3.3

Oceania & Australia Total............... 37.11 37.05 38.12 33.59 34.50 45.89 .1 1.8 −2.3

Other2 ............................................... 37.11 37.05 38.12 33.59 34.50 45.89 .1 1.8 −2.3

Africa Total........................................ 31.01 30.68 33.48 33.01 33.78 42.78 1.1 −2.1 −3.5

Egypt................................................. 37.17 37.93 38.98 39.85 39.92 70.58 −2.0 −1.8 −6.9

Morocco ............................................ 31.01 30.67 33.40 33.00 33.77 42.78 1.1 −2.1 −3.5

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − 36.99 − − − −−100.0 − −

Total3 .................................................. 30.55 31.49 32.44 34.76 35.57 46.82 −3.0 −3.7 −4.6

U.S. Total4.......................................... 31.08 32.08 32.74 35.12 35.73 47.65 −3.1 −3.4 −4.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

182 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Coal Quality and Emissions

As of January 1, 1995, recoverable U.S. coal reserves

were estimated to total 274 billion short tons (Table

105). Reserves of low sulfur coal (defined as coal

containing from 0 to 0.60 pounds of sulfur per million

Btu) are estimated to represent 37 percent of all

reserves, with medium sulfur coal (containing 0.61 to

1.67 pounds sulfur per million Btu) and high sulfur

coal (containing more than 1.67 pounds sulfur per

million Btu) each accounting for 32 percent of total

reserves.

Compared with 1995, the average sulfur content of

coal delivered to the Nation's electric utilities during

1996 increased 1.6 percent to 1.10 percent sulfur by

weight, while the average ash content remained about

the same at 9.22 percent by weight (Table 106). The

average heat content of electric utility coal totaled

10,263 Btu per pound.

By comparison, the average heat content of coal

delivered to manufacturing and coke plants during

1996 increased slightly (0.3 percent) to 11,405 Btu

per pound, while the average ash content and average

sulfur content of industrial coal was 7.58 percent and

1.17 percent, respectively.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 183 
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1995)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Alabama .................................................................... − 413 374 2,036 194 − 3,018

Surface .................................................................... − 255 269 1,670 137 − 2,332

Underground ........................................................... − 158 105 366 57 − 686

Alaska, Southern...................................................... 2,453 94 − − − − 2,548

Surface .................................................................... 386 41 − − − − 427

Underground ........................................................... 2,067 53 − − − − 2,120

Alaska, Northern ..................................................... − − − − − − −

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... − 121 − − − − 121

Surface .................................................................... − 69 − − − − 69

Underground ........................................................... − 51 − − − − 51

Arkansas1 ................................................................. − 8 163 44 6 7 228

Surface .................................................................... − 2 73 24 1 1 101

Underground ........................................................... − 7 90 20 5 6 127

Colorado1.................................................................. 3,674 2,316 3,684 326 96 − 10,096

Surface .................................................................... 273 120 3,325 41 14 − 3,772

Underground ........................................................... 3,400 2,196 359 285 82 − 6,323

Georgia...................................................................... 1 1 * * * * 2

Surface .................................................................... * * * * * * 1

Underground ........................................................... * * * * * * 1

Idaho.......................................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Illinois........................................................................ 5 113 350 1,456 1,567 30,477 33,969

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 43 291 9,031 9,366

Underground ........................................................... 5 113 349 1,413 1,276 21,445 24,603

Indiana ...................................................................... − 312 185 674 1,125 2,033 4,329

Surface .................................................................... − 63 27 107 149 307 654

Underground ........................................................... − 248 158 567 976 1,727 3,675

Iowa ........................................................................... − − − − 407 720 1,127

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 320 − 320

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 87 720 807

Kansas....................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................................... 175 2,077 1,434 1,769 860 657 6,973

Surface .................................................................... 140 1,657 1,144 1,412 686 525 5,563

Underground ........................................................... 35 420 290 358 174 133 1,410

Kentucky, Western .................................................. − − − 156 2,723 6,406 9,285

Surface .................................................................... − − − 125 926 1,276 2,327

Underground ........................................................... − − − 32 1,798 5,130 6,959

Louisiana................................................................... − − − 349 − − 349

Surface .................................................................... − − − 349 − − 349

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. − 31 58 118 205 − 412

Surface .................................................................... − 3 8 13 32 − 56

Underground ........................................................... − 28 50 105 173 − 356

Michigan ................................................................... − − 8 23 16 11 59

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 2 1 * 3

Underground ........................................................... − − 8 21 16 11 55

Missouri .................................................................... − − − − 170 3,681 3,851

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 150 3,012 3,162

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 20 670 689

Montana .................................................................... 33,577 16,828 16,776 4,815 2,022 1,371 75,389

Surface .................................................................... 18,014 6,995 9,499 2,444 1,610 906 39,466

Underground ........................................................... 15,563 9,833 7,277 2,371 413 466 35,923

New Mexico1 ............................................................ 62 2,638 1,890 3,625 − − 8,215

Surface .................................................................... 37 1,229 1,348 2,587 − − 5,202

Underground ........................................................... 25 1,409 542 1,038 − − 3,013

North Carolina......................................................... − − *221 5

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − *221 5

North Dakota............................................................ 436 750 1,375 3,438 857 369 7,224

Surface .................................................................... 436 750 1,375 3,438 857 369 7,224

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 82 169 335 1,049 2,636 7,447 11,718

Surface .................................................................... 20 96 168 416 863 2,304 3,867

Underground ........................................................... 62 73 168 634 1,773 5,143 7,852

See footnotes at end of table.

184 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type (Continued)

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1995)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Oklahoma.................................................................. − 220 123 178 114 181 816

Surface .................................................................... − 66 25 34 33 82 240

Underground ........................................................... − 154 98 145 80 100 577

Oregon....................................................................... 4 1 3 − 1 1 9

Surface .................................................................... 1 * 1 − ** 2

Underground ........................................................... 3 1 2 − 1 1 7

Pennsylvania, Anthracite ........................................ 180 468 96 17 2 * 763

Surface .................................................................... 85 263 62 11 1 * 422

Underground ........................................................... 95 205 35 6 1 − 341

Pennsylvania, Bituminous....................................... − 283 807 5,001 4,151 1,517 11,757

Surface .................................................................... − 22 64 307 227 135 756

Underground ........................................................... − 260 742 4,694 3,923 1,381 11,001

South Dakota............................................................ − − 104 1 172 − 277

Surface .................................................................... − − 104 1 172 − 277

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Tennessee .................................................................. − 106 62 224 99 − 491

Surface .................................................................... − 39 23 93 40 − 195

Underground ........................................................... − 67 38 131 59 − 295

Texas .......................................................................... − − 590 5,681 3,409 376 10,057

Surface .................................................................... − − 590 5,681 3,409 376 10,057

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Utah ........................................................................... 378 678 554 864 225 301 3,001

Surface .................................................................... 8 32 19 85 35 34 212

Underground ........................................................... 370 646 535 780 190 267 2,788

Virginia1 ................................................................... 195 632 403 133 − − 1,362

Surface .................................................................... 43 197 161 46 − − 447

Underground ........................................................... 152 435 241 87 − − 915

Washington............................................................... 63 92 86 489 − − 729

Surface .................................................................... − − − 54 − − 54

Underground ........................................................... 63 92 86 434 − − 675

West Virginia ........................................................... 653 6,497 2,736 4,036 2,516 3,211 19,649

Surface .................................................................... 116 1,464 568 447 180 107 2,881

Underground ........................................................... 537 5,034 2,168 3,589 2,337 3,104 16,769

Wyoming................................................................... 6,786 17,586 10,186 7,438 1,168 2,241 45,403

Surface .................................................................... 4,434 8,822 4,134 2,314 527 2,208 22,439

Underground ........................................................... 2,352 8,764 6,052 5,123 641 33 22,964

U.S. Total.................................................................. 48,723 52,434 42,380 43,943 24,968 61,466 273,913

Surface .................................................................... 23,993 22,185 22,987 21,742 10,888 21,130 122,925

Underground ........................................................... 24,730 30,249 19,393 22,201 14,080 40,336 150,988

1 Data include minor amounts of anthracite (all occurring in heat content categories greater than 23.00 million short tons) as follows: Arkansas 52.2,

Colorado 13.4, New Mexico 1.2, and Virginia 70.5, expressed in million short tons.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529(95)), August, 1996.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 185 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Quality1

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England

Btu.................................................. 12,793 12,848 12,897 13,033 13,120 13,185 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .85 .84 .98 1.11 1.18 1.29 0.9 −7.8 −4.5

Ash................................................. 7.75 7.48 7.49 7.62 7.66 7.77 3.6 .3 *

Connecticut

Btu.................................................. 13,100 13,110 13,094 13,144 13,167 13,134 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .54 .56 .54 .55 .55 .49 −3.4 −.5 1.3

Ash................................................. 7.14 7.05 7.38 6.95 6.25 6.74 1.3 3.4 .6

Massachusetts

Btu.................................................. 12,633 12,698 12,814 12,951 13,070 13,128 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .71 .71 .91 1.03 1.17 1.18 −.3 −11.7 −5.5

Ash................................................. 8.07 7.83 7.85 8.10 8.26 8.07 3.1 −.5 *

New Hampshire

Btu.................................................. 13,146 13,111 13,032 13,179 13,260 13,416 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.56 1.38 1.52 1.62 1.61 2.20 13.2 −.7 −3.7

Ash................................................. 7.02 6.74 6.40 6.75 6.52 7.44 4.1 1.9 −.6

Middle Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,460 12,474 12,509 12,556 12,555 12,401 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.01 2.03 2.01 1.96 1.99 2.00 −.8 .2 .1

Ash................................................. 11.80 11.93 11.52 11.29 11.45 12.64 −1.1 .8 −.8

New Jersey

Btu.................................................. 12,993 13,282 13,341 13,397 13,465 13,236 −2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.36 1.21 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.32 12.2 1.3 .3

Ash................................................. 9.02 7.51 7.44 7.21 6.84 8.05 20.1 7.2 1.3

New York

Btu.................................................. 13,013 13,051 12,959 12,914 12,978 12,787 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.80 1.79 1.71 1.55 1.65 1.84 .3 2.1 −.3

Ash................................................. 7.91 7.90 7.98 8.15 8.02 9.69 .2 −.3 −2.2

Pennsylvania

Btu.................................................. 12,321 12,315 12,368 12,443 12,399 12,276 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.09 2.12 2.11 2.07 2.12 2.07 −1.4 −.3 .1

Ash................................................. 12.72 12.97 12.49 12.11 12.56 13.48 −2.0 .3 −.6

East North Central

Btu.................................................. 10,611 10,676 10,837 10,885 11,005 11,151 −1 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.36 1.28 1.55 1.61 1.77 1.86 5.8 −6.4 −3.4

Ash................................................. 8.07 8.00 8.34 8.41 8.72 9.04 .8 −1.9 −1.3

Illinois

Btu.................................................. 9,878 9,970 10,181 10,362 10,666 10,698 −1 −2 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.16 1.14 1.46 1.63 1.91 1.93 2.5 −11.6 −5.4

Ash................................................. 6.98 7.01 7.44 7.51 8.19 8.56 −.5 −3.9 −2.2

Indiana

Btu.................................................. 10,357 10,338 10,535 10,539 10,628 10,878 * −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.59 1.57 1.76 1.78 1.88 2.39 1.7 −4.0 −4.4

Ash................................................. 7.76 7.65 8.09 8.23 8.43 9.14 1.5 −2.0 −1.8

Michigan

Btu.................................................. 10,504 10,677 10,925 10,853 10,995 11,564 −2 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .63 .63 .68 .68 .69 .76 * −2.1 −2.0

Ash................................................. 6.59 6.66 6.97 6.61 6.76 6.97 −1.0 −.6 −.6

Ohio

Btu.................................................. 12,056 12,122 12,052 12,049 11,983 11,904 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.08 1.89 2.34 2.39 2.57 2.44 9.9 −5.1 −1.8

Ash................................................. 11.01 10.84 10.91 11.01 11.24 11.39 1.5 −.5 −.4

Wisconsin

Btu.................................................. 9,222 9,351 9,565 9,490 9,725 9,630 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .46 .46 .51 .49 .71 .85 −.7 −10.5 −6.6

Ash................................................. 5.74 6.03 6.27 6.11 6.18 6.47 −4.8 −1.8 −1.3

West North Central

Btu.................................................. 8,430 8,418 8,480 8,366 8,602 8,810 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .53 .54 .68 .63 .91 1.14 −1.0 −12.5 −8.1

Ash................................................. 6.38 6.41 6.82 6.74 7.18 7.84 −.4 −2.9 −2.2

Iowa

Btu.................................................. 8,658 8,678 8,783 8,660 8,867 9,152 * −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .45 .49 .57 .52 .67 .86 −9.0 −9.8 −7.0

Ash................................................. 5.61 5.60 5.59 5.47 5.78 6.24 .2 −.7 −1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

186 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Quality1

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Kansas

Btu.................................................. 8,827 8,730 8,708 8,654 8,900 8,764 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .49 .43 .49 .43 .49 .96 14.3 0.1 −7.2

Ash................................................. 5.52 5.46 5.63 5.19 5.74 7.52 1.1 −1.0 −3.4

Minnesota

Btu.................................................. 8,914 8,828 8,821 8,844 8,838 8,742 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .45 .47 .46 .44 .45 .53 −3.9 * −1.9

Ash................................................. 6.32 6.71 6.64 6.40 6.57 7.10 −5.8 −1.0 −1.3

Missouri

Btu.................................................. 9,063 9,216 9,718 9,860 10,321 10,598 −2 −3 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .58 .57 1.03 1.02 1.80 2.36 .3 −24.8 −14.5

Ash................................................. 5.62 5.69 6.65 6.54 7.71 9.37 −1.2 −7.6 −5.5

Nebraska

Btu.................................................. 8,599 8,594 8,571 8,561 8,553 8,601 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .34 .33 .35 .35 .37 .35 2.1 −1.9 −.4

Ash................................................. 5.11 5.16 5.17 5.11 5.00 5.13 −1.1 .5 *

North Dakota

Btu.................................................. 6,597 6,585 6,593 6,570 6,558 6,601 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .72 .74 .75 .74 .87 .71 −2.7 −4.6 .1

Ash................................................. 9.32 9.29 9.39 9.47 9.29 8.83 .3 .1 .6

South Dakota

Btu.................................................. 9,034 6,972 6,049 6,057 6,034 6,062 30 11 5

Sulfur ............................................. .52 .87 .91 .90 .92 .87 −40.7 −13.4 −5.6

Ash................................................. 6.66 4.96 8.81 8.82 9.34 8.22 34.3 −8.1 −2.3

South Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,285 12,324 12,362 12,465 12,461 12,461 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.27 1.27 1.33 1.39 1.52 1.53 .2 −4.4 −2.0

Ash................................................. 9.75 9.71 9.72 9.81 9.95 10.10 .4 −.5 −.4

Delaware

Btu.................................................. 13,020 13,085 12,954 13,027 13,064 13,065 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.01 1.00 .92 .94 1.03 1.01 1.2 −.5 *

Ash................................................. 8.72 8.56 9.09 9.08 8.83 8.72 1.9 −.3 *

Florida

Btu.................................................. 12,193 12,296 12,293 12,332 12,370 12,399 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.55 1.47 1.60 1.57 1.68 1.85 5.5 −2.0 −1.9

Ash................................................. 7.96 8.09 8.19 8.04 8.33 8.74 −1.7 −1.1 −1.0

Georgia

Btu.................................................. 11,581 11,576 11,774 12,148 12,039 12,175 * −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .83 .81 1.05 1.37 1.68 1.73 1.8 −16.2 −7.8

Ash................................................. 8.84 8.87 8.99 9.94 10.29 9.92 −.3 −3.7 −1.3

Maryland

Btu.................................................. 12,879 12,965 12,824 12,752 12,753 12,676 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.11 1.06 1.16 1.31 1.36 1.47 5.0 −4.9 −3.1

Ash................................................. 9.49 9.32 9.91 10.02 10.47 10.99 1.8 −2.4 −1.6

North Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,422 12,461 12,416 12,465 12,456 12,550 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .89 .86 .95 .96 .92 .92 3.7 −.8 −.4

Ash................................................. 10.16 10.20 10.27 10.12 10.17 9.71 −.4 * .5

South Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,757 12,852 12,771 12,802 12,817 12,649 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.21 1.19 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.22 1.9 1.4 −.1

Ash................................................. 8.90 8.53 8.87 8.92 8.77 9.50 4.3 .3 −.7

Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,597 12,743 12,778 12,817 12,830 12,814 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .99 1.03 .99 1.00 1.03 .91 −3.6 −.9 .9

Ash................................................. 11.02 10.21 9.91 9.60 9.48 9.33 8.0 3.8 1.9

West Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,378 12,418 12,468 12,489 12,524 24,792 * * −100

Sulfur ............................................. 1.93 1.98 1.87 1.94 2.05 4.12 −2.5 −1.5 −99.1

Ash................................................. 11.78 11.88 11.50 11.61 11.32 23.77 −.8 1.0 −99.8

East South Central

Btu.................................................. 11,714 11,808 11,909 11,988 11,933 11,886 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.91 1.99 2.09 −.6 −1.7 −1.3

Ash................................................. 10.60 10.58 10.66 10.92 10.70 11.16 .2 −.2 −.6

Alabama

Btu.................................................. 11,794 11,861 12,088 12,092 12,061 12,223 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.24 1.20 1.30 1.33 1.43 1.52 3.3 −3.6 −2.3

Ash................................................. 10.71 10.74 11.54 11.79 11.80 11.75 −.3 −2.4 −1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 187 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Quality1

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Kentucky

Btu.................................................. 11,536 11,625 11,683 11,697 11,620 11,496 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.47 2.42 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.59 2.1 0.3 −0.5

Ash................................................. 12.15 11.91 11.35 11.64 11.60 12.26 2.0 1.2 −.1

Mississippi

Btu.................................................. 11,023 11,221 11,312 12,338 12,507 12,674 −2 −3 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .93 1.04 1.02 1.41 1.69 1.36 −10.5 −13.9 −4.1

Ash................................................. 6.44 7.81 7.88 8.52 8.31 7.74 −17.5 −6.2 −2.0

Tennessee

Btu.................................................. 12,062 12,130 12,186 12,268 12,182 11,979 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.87 1.97 2.00 1.92 2.02 2.05 −5.3 −1.9 −1.0

Ash................................................. 8.89 8.83 8.94 9.14 8.31 9.63 .7 1.7 −.9

West South Central

Btu.................................................. 7,798 7,733 7,709 7,646 7,648 7,657 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .60 .64 .62 .64 .65 .60 −6.1 −1.9 .1

Ash................................................. 9.19 9.53 9.50 10.06 10.25 10.15 −3.6 −2.7 −1.1

Arkansas

Btu.................................................. 8,703 8,687 8,707 8,665 8,724 8,682 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .33 .33 .32 .32 .32 .32 .4 .3 .1

Ash................................................. 5.20 5.10 4.92 5.06 5.12 5.47 1.9 .3 −.6

Louisiana

Btu.................................................. 8,171 8,110 8,136 8,092 8,122 8,160 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .57 .58 .51 .52 .50 .49 −2.6 3.3 1.7

Ash................................................. 7.13 7.42 7.16 7.13 7.20 7.59 −4.0 −.3 −.7

Oklahoma

Btu.................................................. 8,600 8,557 8,573 8,621 8,700 8,851 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .33 .36 .35 .37 .42 .44 −9.3 −6.0 −3.1

Ash................................................. 4.93 5.20 5.07 5.21 5.24 5.46 −5.3 −1.5 −1.1

Texas

Btu.................................................. 7,440 7,346 7,346 7,284 7,234 7,242 1 1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .71 .77 .73 .75 .76 .68 −7.2 −1.8 .4

Ash................................................. 10.98 11.50 11.31 11.95 12.33 11.97 −4.5 −2.9 −.9

Mountain

Btu.................................................. 9,741 9,736 9,755 9,751 9,722 9,820 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .55 .54 .55 .54 .55 .54 1.4 .2 .1

Ash................................................. 11.37 11.16 11.11 11.19 11.15 10.93 1.9 .5 .4

Arizona

Btu.................................................. 10,232 10,274 10,281 10,271 10,303 10,608 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .55 .53 .51 .49 .51 .51 4.7 2.0 .8

Ash................................................. 12.41 12.13 11.97 12.08 12.19 11.29 2.3 .5 1.1

Colorado

Btu.................................................. 9,858 9,895 9,946 9,888 9,920 9,842 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .39 .39 .40 .38 .38 .37 −.7 .4 .6

Ash................................................. 6.94 7.16 7.12 6.97 7.01 6.94 −3.0 −.2 *

Montana

Btu.................................................. 8,439 8,520 8,500 8,496 8,576 8,590 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .68 .68 .66 .65 .66 .62 .2 .8 1.1

Ash................................................. 9.00 9.15 9.05 8.99 8.92 8.82 −1.6 .2 .2

Nevada

Btu.................................................. 11,140 11,075 11,291 11,012 11,051 11,182 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .49 .48 .49 .49 .49 .51 1.1 −.3 −.5

Ash................................................. 9.71 9.70 9.57 9.73 9.67 9.51 .1 .1 .2

New Mexico

Btu.................................................. 9,116 9,033 9,043 8,992 9,013 9,049 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .80 .80 .82 .81 .81 .78 −.3 −.4 .3

Ash................................................. 22.78 22.51 22.44 22.77 22.49 21.64 1.2 .3 .6

Utah

Btu.................................................. 11,513 11,550 11,491 11,489 11,384 11,618 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .47 .47 .47 .48 .47 .51 −1.3 * −.9

Ash................................................. 10.90 10.27 10.25 10.47 11.24 9.91 6.0 −.8 1.0

Wyoming

Btu.................................................. 8,716 8,738 8,766 8,779 8,840 8,778 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .52 .50 .52 .51 .52 .52 5.0 .2 *

Ash................................................. 8.12 8.06 8.00 7.78 7.54 7.63 .7 1.8 .7

See footnotes at end of table.

188 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change and Quality1

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Pacific

Btu.................................................. 8,066 8,380 8,543 8,283 8,550 8,134 −4 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .64 .62 .57 .63 .59 .66 3.4 1.8 −0.3

Ash................................................. 13.62 11.79 11.14 12.58 11.39 13.67 15.6 4.6 *

Oregon

Btu.................................................. 8,782 8,882 8,937 8,801 9,642 8,484 −1 −2 *

Sulfur ............................................. .26 .30 .37 .38 .40 .32 −13.6 −10.0 −2.2

Ash................................................. 4.79 5.52 5.89 4.98 4.42 4.68 −13.2 2.0 .2

Washington

Btu.................................................. 7,936 8,267 8,400 8,125 8,189 8,104 −4 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .71 .69 .65 .71 .66 .69 2.7 1.8 .3

Ash................................................. 15.24 13.20 13.04 14.90 13.69 14.43 15.4 2.7 .6

U.S. Total

Btu.................................................. 10,263 10,248 10,338 10,315 10,395 10,569 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.10 1.08 1.17 1.18 1.29 1.38 1.6 −4.0 −2.5

Ash................................................. 9.22 9.23 9.36 9.55 9.71 10.00 −.2 −1.3 −.9

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

* Data round to zero.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 189 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1996

Percent Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1995-1996

New England

Btu .............................................................................. 13,028 13,410 13,383 13,232 −2.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.03 1.32 .72 1.20 −21.8

Ash ............................................................................. 7.35 6.99 5.86 6.87 5.1

Maine

Btu .............................................................................. 12,935 13,392 13,162 13,062 −3.4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.08 1.39 .71 1.29 −22.8

Ash ............................................................................. 7.31 6.93 5.30 7.18 5.6

Massachusetts

Btu .............................................................................. 13,697 13,556 13,939 13,992 1.0

Sulfur .......................................................................... .74 .75 .73 .78 −1.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.65 7.55 7.26 5.48 1.3

Middle Atlantic

Btu .............................................................................. 12,780 12,559 12,549 12,367 1.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.20 1.15 1.14 1.06 4.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.12 7.11 6.95 7.37 .1

New Jersey

Btu .............................................................................. 12,474 12,575 12,515 11,685 −.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.36 .96 .93 .83 41.9

Ash ............................................................................. 10.98 11.34 12.40 10.71 −3.2

New York2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,168 13,122 13,203 13,044 .3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.41 1.29 1.34 1.69 9.6

Ash ............................................................................. 6.84 7.20 6.69 7.73 −5.1

Pennsylvania2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,658 12,366 12,326 12,117 2.4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.16 1.12 1.10 .99 3.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.17 7.09 7.00 7.30 1.1

East North Central

Btu .............................................................................. 11,990 12,022 11,947 11,956 −.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.52 1.46 1.52 2.40 4.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.34 7.59 7.61 6.98 −3.3

Illinois2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,332 11,290 11,387 11,372 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.89 1.82 1.94 4.83 4.1

Ash ............................................................................. 7.41 7.49 7.66 7.03 −1.1

Indiana2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,826 11,894 11,641 11,591 −.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.32 1.20 1.45 1.28 10.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.02 7.38 7.50 6.77 −4.8

Michigan2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,440 12,386 12,470 12,547 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... .96 .96 1.02 1.05 −.7

Ash ............................................................................. 6.80 7.60 7.82 6.98 −10.5

Ohio2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,415 12,424 12,429 12,476 −.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.82 1.69 1.60 1.40 7.9

Ash ............................................................................. 8.27 7.79 7.66 7.10 6.2

Wisconsin

Btu .............................................................................. 12,330 12,450 11,873 11,745 −1.0

Sulfur .......................................................................... 2.05 2.14 1.52 1.83 −4.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.72 8.40 7.30 7.25 −8.0

West North Central

Btu .............................................................................. 8,703 8,669 8,710 8,589 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... .87 .89 .88 .90 −2.1

Ash ............................................................................. 6.40 6.54 6.56 6.46 −2.2

Iowa

Btu .............................................................................. 10,373 10,332 10,480 10,344 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.04 .96 .98 1.13 8.8

Ash ............................................................................. 6.40 6.44 6.38 6.41 −.7

Kansas

Btu .............................................................................. 12,243 12,197 12,249 12,479 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 3.07 3.41 3.11 3.14 −10.2

Ash ............................................................................. 10.36 11.48 11.04 11.78 −9.8

See footnotes at end of table.

190 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1996 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1995-1996

Minnesota

Btu .............................................................................. 10,051 10,280 10,112 10,003 −2.2

Sulfur .......................................................................... .61 .56 .54 .51 9.6

Ash ............................................................................. 5.08 4.95 5.15 4.56 2.6

Missouri2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,539 11,644 11,510 11,527 −.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... 2.03 1.91 1.92 2.01 6.3

Ash ............................................................................. 8.31 9.92 10.10 10.11 −16.2

Nebraska

Btu .............................................................................. 10,622 10,096 9,931 9,979 5.2

Sulfur .......................................................................... .36 .42 .40 .37 −14.6

Ash ............................................................................. 8.92 5.73 5.95 5.20 55.6

North Dakota

Btu .............................................................................. 7,136 7,171 7,142 7,172 −.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .61 .71 .71 .70 −14.1

Ash ............................................................................. 5.97 6.08 6.14 6.16 −1.8

South Dakota

Btu .............................................................................. 9,849 9,504 9,418 8,159 3.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... .83 .86 .77 .39 −3.8

Ash ............................................................................. 7.55 7.72 7.15 5.42 −2.1

South Atlantic

Btu .............................................................................. 12,972 12,992 13,043 12,973 −.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.09 1.10 1.15 1.12 −1.7

Ash ............................................................................. 8.11 8.07 7.96 7.62 .4

Delaware

Btu .............................................................................. 13,381 13,483 13,300 13,087 −.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.75 1.87 1.89 2.00 −6.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.01 7.01 7.73 9.26 .1

Florida

Btu .............................................................................. 12,903 12,865 12,933 12,742 .3

Sulfur .......................................................................... .87 .91 .93 .97 −3.8

Ash ............................................................................. 8.07 8.14 8.93 9.46 −.9

Georgia

Btu .............................................................................. 12,873 12,895 13,267 12,870 −.2

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.11 1.23 1.29 1.30 −9.3

Ash ............................................................................. 8.79 8.78 8.90 7.73 .1

Maryland2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,411 12,598 12,330 12,422 −1.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.92 1.92 1.89 1.93 .1

Ash ............................................................................. 14.19 14.52 10.90 13.32 −2.3

North Carolina

Btu .............................................................................. 13,243 13,250 13,188 13,321 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... .93 .97 .91 .92 −3.9

Ash ............................................................................. 7.10 6.99 7.20 6.89 1.7

South Carolina

Btu .............................................................................. 13,076 13,051 12,994 12,955 .2

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.02 1.08 1.12 1.22 −5.6

Ash ............................................................................. 8.09 8.24 7.95 8.67 −1.8

Virginia2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,982 13,067 13,215 13,193 −.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.04 1.05 1.05 .99 −1.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.97 7.75 7.44 7.20 2.9

West Virginia2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,809 12,765 12,780 12,721 .3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.14 1.06 1.24 1.06 7.6

Ash ............................................................................. 7.24 7.28 7.54 6.32 −.5

East South Central

Btu .............................................................................. 12,916 12,941 12,869 12,838 −.2

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.06 1.09 1.09 .74 −3.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.20 7.32 7.51 4.54 −1.6

Alabama2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,632 12,612 12,694 12,628 .2

Sulfur .......................................................................... .98 .94 .98 .71 4.8

Ash ............................................................................. 6.90 7.07 7.27 4.25 −2.4

Kentucky2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,072 13,086 13,150 12,686 −.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.05 1.03 .99 .90 2.5

Ash ............................................................................. 6.59 6.61 6.59 6.04 −.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 191 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1996 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1995-1996

Mississippi

Btu .............................................................................. 11,911 11,897 11,786 12,013 0.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.41 1.41 1.44 2.52 .2

Ash ............................................................................. 9.73 10.66 9.98 10.33 −8.7

Tennessee2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,103 13,160 12,958 13,059 −.4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.14 1.35 1.32 1.08 −15.5

Ash ............................................................................. 7.94 8.04 8.47 8.38 −1.1

West South Central

Btu .............................................................................. 9,176 9,116 8,925 9,143 .7

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.05 6.3

Ash ............................................................................. 11.36 10.78 11.18 11.55 5.4

Arkansas

Btu .............................................................................. 12,474 12,573 12,646 12,850 −.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 2.03 2.02 2.10 1.97 .7

Ash ............................................................................. 10.27 9.96 10.11 9.78 3.1

Louisiana

Btu .............................................................................. 12,627 9,292 9,051 9,255 35.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.27 .39 .35 .39 221.7

Ash ............................................................................. 10.23 5.29 5.09 5.83 93.4

Oklahoma

Btu .............................................................................. 9,835 9,995 10,118 11,263 −1.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... .89 .72 .73 .89 24.7

Ash ............................................................................. 5.97 5.60 6.18 6.86 6.6

Texas2

Btu .............................................................................. 8,757 8,690 8,447 8,585 .8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.09 −1.0

Ash ............................................................................. 12.37 12.20 12.72 12.98 1.3

Mountain

Btu .............................................................................. 10,699 10,698 10,601 10,443 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... .67 .71 .68 .56 −4.8

Ash ............................................................................. 7.79 7.28 7.05 6.75 6.9

Arizona

Btu .............................................................................. 10,603 10,969 11,072 10,690 −3.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... .53 .54 .48 .46 −2.1

Ash ............................................................................. 13.15 12.23 11.09 11.17 7.6

Colorado

Btu .............................................................................. 11,308 11,262 10,785 10,564 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... .54 .61 .58 .54 −12.6

Ash ............................................................................. 7.79 7.24 7.00 6.52 7.6

Idaho

Btu .............................................................................. 10,148 10,232 9,988 10,089 −.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... .72 .78 .79 .71 −7.3

Ash ............................................................................. 6.40 6.22 5.72 6.03 2.8

Montana

Btu .............................................................................. 8,695 8,368 8,496 8,065 3.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... .44 .59 .57 .46 −25.1

Ash ............................................................................. 5.31 7.93 7.65 9.31 −33.0

Nevada

Btu .............................................................................. 11,533 11,698 11,907 12,042 −1.4

Sulfur .......................................................................... .51 .48 .26 .28 4.8

Ash ............................................................................. 8.80 7.13 4.01 4.63 23.4

New Mexico

Btu .............................................................................. 12,302 12,518 12,688 12,776 −1.7

Sulfur .......................................................................... .82 .79 .94 .74 3.8

Ash ............................................................................. 11.67 10.26 9.87 9.95 13.7

Utah2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,589 11,671 11,679 11,530 −.7

Sulfur .......................................................................... .82 .84 .82 .44 −2.6

Ash ............................................................................. 8.01 8.08 7.68 7.12 −.9

Wyoming

Btu .............................................................................. 10,365 10,170 10,098 10,074 1.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... .70 .71 .70 .72 −1.6

Ash ............................................................................. 4.68 4.84 5.27 5.12 −3.3

See footnotes at end of table.

192 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1996 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1995-1996

Pacific

Btu .............................................................................. 11,677 11,551 11,749 12,218 1.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... .56 .53 .52 .49 6.8

Ash ............................................................................. 9.15 9.17 8.98 8.65 −.2

California

Btu .............................................................................. 11,899 11,912 11,950 12,441 −.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... .55 .52 .52 .49 6.4

Ash ............................................................................. 8.72 8.62 8.93 8.35 1.2

Hawaii

Btu .............................................................................. 9,157 9,275 9,576 9,776 −1.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... .53 .53 .51 .52 −.7

Ash ............................................................................. 14.99 15.37 16.72 15.96 −2.5

Oregon

Btu .............................................................................. 11,159 10,188 10,704 10,216 9.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .65 .54 .53 .51 19.8

Ash ............................................................................. 7.03 5.98 6.48 5.94 17.7

Washington

Btu .............................................................................. 11,622 11,846 11,818 12,151 −1.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... .65 .57 .58 .56 13.3

Ash ............................................................................. 10.00 9.62 5.63 9.47 4.0

U.S. Total

Btu .............................................................................. 11,405 11,367 11,316 11,303 .3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.17 1.15 1.16 1.23 1.8

Ash ............................................................................. 7.58 7.61 7.63 6.34 −.4

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

2 Includes sulfur and ash data for coke plants.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Btu data are for manufacturing plants only. The national average of coke plant data ranges from .51 to 1.70 for sulfur and 2.6 to

10.1 for ash.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual

Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 193 
Appendix A Major Coal Producing

States

Table A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 451,760 510,406 457,144 426,635 467,741 537,592 −11.5 −0.9 −1.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,159 32,546 33,049 27,916 29,815 29,189 −1.2 1.9 1.1

Production Total ............................... 24,637 24,640 23,266 24,768 25,796 25,540 * −1.1 −.4

Underground .................................. 18,217 17,605 14,471 15,557 15,944 14,342 3.5 3.4 2.7

Surface ........................................... 6,420 7,036 8,795 9,211 9,852 11,198 −8.7 −10.1 −6.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 76.57 75.52 70.19 88.46 86.26 87.23 1.4 −2.9 −1.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.3 20.7 19.6 17.2 18.1 21.0 −11.5 .3 −1.5

Number of Miners ............................ 5,031 5,567 5,418 5,399 5,386 6,718 −9.6 −1.7 −3.2

Productivity Total2........................... 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.49 1.97 −1.6 −3.0 1.3

Underground .................................. 1.95 2.02 1.94 2.09 2.17 1.68 −3.6 −2.6 1.7

Surface ........................................... 3.50 3.07 3.07 3.01 3.28 2.53 14.2 1.6 3.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,031 1,358 1,204 1,698 2,185 − −24.1 −17.1 −

Imports3 ............................................ 161 162 178 88 − −−.8 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 24,636 25,159 23,750 25,556 25,491 NA −2.1 −.8 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 19,772 19,127 19,220 19,668 19,560 NA 3.4 .3 NA

Within State ................................ 18,503 18,024 18,351 18,716 18,849 NA 2.7 −.5 NA

To Other States ........................... 1,269 1,103 870 952 711 NA 15.1 15.6 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 NA −19.4 −4.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4,523 5,330 4,359 5,846 5,800 NA −15.1 −6.0 NA

Steam..................................... 341 702 170 43 131 NA −51.5 27.0 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 NA −19.4 −4.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4,523 5,330 4,359 5,846 5,800 NA −15.1 −6.0 NA

Steam..................................... 341 702 170 43 131 NA −51.5 27.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 37,052 34,309 31,473 33,047 31,510 26,632 8.0 4.1 3.7

Electric Utility ............................... 31,216 28,759 25,817 27,533 24,988 20,746 8.5 5.7 4.6

Industrial ........................................ 2,545 2,286 2,394 2,268 3,136 2,614 11.3 −5.1 −.3

Coke ............................................... 3,247 3,257 3,253 3,206 3,297 3,150 −.3 −.4 .3

Residential/Commercial ................. 44 7 11 40 89 121 NM −16.0 −10.7

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,860 3,648 4,132 2,797 4,529 5,012 −21.6 −10.8 −6.0

Electric Utility ............................... 2,528 3,282 3,652 2,331 4,071 4,450 −23.0 −11.2 −6.1

All Other........................................ 332 366 480 466 458 562 −9.4 −7.7 −5.7

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $39.48 $38.44 $40.12 $42.34 $40.82 $41.42 2.7 −.8 −.5

Underground .................................. 40.75 39.26 39.92 42.00 40.70 39.82 3.8 * .3

Surface ........................................... 35.87 36.38 40.45 42.91 41.02 43.49 −1.4 −3.3 −2.1

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 36.39 37.00 40.42 42.56 41.67 47.04 −1.6 −3.3 −2.8

Industrial ........................................ 40.15 39.53 38.74 39.01 39.76 40.38 1.5 .2 −.1

Coke ............................................... 49.37 48.42 47.45 47.50 47.80 45.89 1.9 .8 .8

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 195 
Table A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... w w w w w w w w w

Productive Capacity1........................ w w w 13,800 13,800 w −4.3 −1.1 w

Production Total ............................... 10,442 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,512 11,379 −12.6 −4.4 −0.9

Surface ........................................... 10,442 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,512 11,379 −12.6 −4.4 −.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ w w w 88.21 90.67 w −8.6 −3.3 w

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... w w w w w w w w w

Number of Miners ............................ 651 831 864 876 888 900 −21.7 −7.5 −3.5

Productivity Total2........................... 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.76 −.6 * −.8

Surface ........................................... 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.76 −.6 * −.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,232 2,760 2,634 1,590 1,555 − −19.1 9.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 NA −6.9 −3.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 NA −6.9 −3.0 NA

Within State ................................ 6,499 6,956 7,580 7,566 7,441 NA −6.6 −3.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,470 4,827 4,431 4,572 4,977 NA −7.4 −2.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 16,792 16,682 19,580 18,991 17,915 13,375 .6 −1.6 2.6

Electric Utility ............................... 16,117 16,021 18,853 18,316 17,280 12,706 .6 −1.7 2.7

Industrial ........................................ 675 657 727 674 632 w 2.8 1.7 w

Residential/Commercial ................. * 5 * 1 w w −96.3 w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,025 3,032 3,242 3,717 3,596 w −33.2 −13.4 w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,993 2,998 3,197 3,687 3,543 3,813 −33.5 −13.4 −6.9

All Other........................................ 32 34 45 30 53 w −5.8 −11.7 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $29.55 $28.65 $28.26 $27.78 $28.31 $27.56 3.1 1.1 .8

Industrial ........................................ 39.27 40.46 41.35 40.51 40.95 w −2.9 −1.0 w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

196 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 641,615 692,030 676,272 608,815 608,067 668,353 −7.3 1.3 −0.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 29,330 32,435 31,075 30,040 25,848 21,321 −9.6 3.2 3.6

Production Total ............................... 24,886 25,710 25,304 21,886 19,226 14,420 −3.2 6.7 6.3

Underground .................................. 15,581 17,187 16,332 12,843 10,246 5,645 −9.3 11.0 11.9

Surface ........................................... 9,305 8,523 8,972 9,043 8,981 8,775 9.2 .9 .6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 84.85 79.27 81.41 72.84 74.35 67.59 7.0 3.3 2.5

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 25.8 26.9 26.7 27.8 31.6 46.3 −4.2 −5.0 −6.3

Number of Miners ............................ 1,332 1,777 1,905 1,775 1,610 1,795 −25.0 −4.6 −3.3

Productivity Total2........................... 7.32 6.14 6.20 5.85 5.27 4.22 19.2 8.5 6.3

Underground .................................. 6.67 5.86 5.81 5.21 4.52 2.75 13.7 10.2 10.3

Surface ........................................... 8.76 6.79 7.06 7.07 6.52 6.44 29.0 7.7 3.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 494 1,063 1,575 1,155 955 − −53.5 −15.2 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 25,405 25,635 24,810 21,465 18,864 NA −.9 7.7 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 23,990 24,734 24,059 20,338 18,195 NA −3.0 7.2 NA

Within State ................................ 10,704 11,820 12,035 11,181 11,241 NA −9.4 −1.2 NA

To Other States ........................... 13,286 12,915 12,024 9,157 6,954 NA 2.9 17.6 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 1,415 900 752 1,128 669 NA 57.2 20.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 30 − − −− NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 1,385 900 752 1,128 669 NA 53.9 20.0 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 1,415 900 752 1,128 669 NA 57.2 20.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 30 − − −− NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 1,385 900 752 1,128 669 NA 53.9 20.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 17,222 16,971 17,475 17,070 16,696 15,007 1.5 .8 1.5

Electric Utility ............................... 16,841 16,222 16,596 16,252 15,902 14,178 3.8 1.4 1.9

Industrial ........................................ 367 729 857 780 735 748 −49.6 −15.9 −7.6

Residential/Commercial................. 13 20 23 38 w w −32.2 w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 3,057 3,682 3,145 3,454 3,439 w −17.0 −2.9 w

Electric Utility ............................... 3,030 3,622 3,118 3,428 3,410 3,635 −16.3 −2.9 −2.0

All Other........................................ 27 59 26 25 29 w −54.2 −1.6 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $17.94 $19.26 $19.76 $20.35 $21.33 $23.58 −6.9 −4.2 −3.0

Underground .................................. 17.73 18.58 19.05 20.53 21.80 28.16 −4.5 −5.0 −5.0

Surface ........................................... 18.28 20.63 21.05 20.10 20.80 20.63 −11.4 −3.2 −1.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 20.24 20.73 21.01 21.59 21.67 22.01 −2.4 −1.7 −.9

Industrial ........................................ 23.17 26.11 28.96 28.63 30.34 28.79 −11.2 −6.5 −2.4

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 197 
Table A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 891,109 882,323 963,470 1,063,832 1,199,313 1,431,240 1.0 −7.1 −5.1

Productive Capacity1........................ 61,727 56,627 69,414 69,320 75,787 75,852 9.0 −5.0 −2.3

Production Total ............................... 46,656 48,180 52,797 41,098 59,857 59,155 −3.2 −6.0 −2.6

Underground .................................. 38,948 41,118 43,281 33,096 46,965 37,521 −5.3 −4.6 .4

Surface ........................................... 7,707 7,062 9,516 8,002 12,892 21,634 9.1 −12.1 −10.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 75.58 85.08 76.06 59.28 78.98 77.98 −11.2 −1.1 −.3

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 19.1 18.3 18.3 25.9 20.0 24.2 4.3 −1.2 −2.6

Number of Miners ............................ 5,174 5,652 6,591 7,303 8,323 12,171 −8.4 −11.2 −9.1

Productivity Total2........................... 4.18 3.87 3.59 3.23 3.42 2.52 8.2 5.2 5.8

Underground .................................. 4.10 3.86 3.49 3.11 3.21 2.20 6.1 6.3 7.1

Surface ........................................... 4.67 3.89 4.12 3.86 4.47 3.37 19.9 1.1 3.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,190 2,069 1,651 713 1,969 − −42.5 −11.8 −

Imports3 ............................................ 216 223 346 51 − −−3.1 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 47,076 47,869 51,973 42,000 58,913 NA −1.7 −5.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 45,190 45,170 51,737 41,330 57,670 NA * −5.9 NA

Within State ................................ 16,052 15,587 17,517 15,206 18,167 NA 3.0 −3.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 29,137 29,582 34,220 26,124 39,503 NA −1.5 −7.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 1,886 2,699 236 670 1,242 NA −30.1 11.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 49 236 109 614 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Steam ..................................... 1,886 2,650 − 561 629 NA −28.8 31.6 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 1,886 2,699 236 670 1,242 NA −30.1 11.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 49 236 109 614 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 1,886 2,650 − 561 629 NA −28.8 31.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 44,431 39,623 39,077 38,135 31,599 35,581 12.1 8.9 2.5

Electric Utility ............................... 38,090 33,463 32,599 31,744 25,264 28,894 13.8 10.8 3.1

Industrial ........................................ 3,740 3,653 4,187 3,970 3,736 3,900 2.4 * −.5

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 2,515 w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w 273 w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w 9,676 w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,581 5,331 4,526 4,019 7,399 8,861 −14.1 −11.3 −7.1

All Other........................................ w w w w w 815 w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $22.74 $23.05 $23.14 $25.27 $27.66 $29.56 −1.3 −4.8 −2.9

Underground .................................. 23.12 22.88 23.18 25.54 27.93 30.39 1.0 −4.6 −3.0

Surface ........................................... 20.86 24.04 22.92 24.18 26.69 28.12 −13.2 −6.0 −3.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 32.14 32.58 32.69 35.30 37.06 42.80 −1.3 −3.5 −3.1

Industrial ........................................ 29.69 29.03 29.13 29.42 29.24 33.15 2.3 .4 −1.2

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 44.19 w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

198 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 386,063 323,667 304,225 379,294 404,549 514,341 19.3 −1.2 −3.1

Productive Capacity1........................ 35,564 35,256 38,931 43,955 42,990 45,344 .9 −4.6 −2.7

Production Total ............................... 29,670 26,007 30,927 29,295 30,466 34,208 14.1 −.6 −1.6

Underground .................................. 2,963 3,540 3,324 2,583 2,641 2,447 −16.3 2.9 2.1

Surface ........................................... 26,707 22,467 27,603 26,713 27,825 31,761 18.9 −1.0 −1.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 83.42 73.70 79.37 66.60 70.86 75.36 13.2 4.2 1.1

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 13.0 12.4 9.8 12.9 13.3 15.0 4.5 −.5 −1.6

Number of Miners ............................ 2,579 2,571 3,206 3,331 3,652 3,992 .3 −8.3 −4.7

Productivity Total2........................... 4.98 4.68 4.28 4.46 4.09 3.57 6.4 5.0 3.8

Underground .................................. 3.09 3.22 2.82 2.49 2.80 2.05 −4.1 2.5 4.6

Surface ........................................... 5.34 5.04 4.56 4.82 4.28 3.79 6.0 5.7 3.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 574 611 803 527 1,016 − −6.1 −13.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ 735 761 593 594 − −−3.3 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 29,674 25,695 30,684 29,664 31,393 NA 15.5 −1.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 29,664 25,625 30,477 29,475 31,216 NA 15.8 −1.3 NA

Within State ................................ 24,309 21,185 24,733 23,913 24,655 NA 14.8 −.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 5,354 4,439 5,744 5,562 6,561 NA 20.6 −4.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 11 70 206 188 177 NA −84.7 −50.4 NA

Steam ..................................... 11 70 206 188 177 NA −84.7 −50.4 NA

Canada Total ............................... − * − −− NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − * − −− NA −100.0 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 11 69 206 188 177 NA −84.6 −50.4 NA

Steam ..................................... 11 69 206 188 177 NA −84.6 −50.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 64,021 62,631 59,996 60,353 58,765 51,385 2.2 2.2 2.5

Electric Utility ............................... 52,855 52,089 50,554 48,836 46,937 36,987 1.5 3.0 4.0

Industrial ........................................ 4,987 4,373 4,244 4,587 4,263 5,016 14.0 4.0 −.1

Coke ............................................... 5,823 5,883 4,841 6,591 7,153 8,841 −1.0 −5.0 −4.5

Residential/Commercial................. 356 287 356 339 411 541 24.3 −3.5 −4.5

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 7,958 9,298 11,707 7,798 12,507 14,998 −14.4 −10.7 −6.8

Electric Utility ............................... 7,105 8,435 10,449 6,935 11,294 13,185 −15.8 −10.9 −6.6

All Other........................................ 853 863 1,258 863 1,214 1,813 −1.2 −8.4 −8.0

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $20.24 $21.71 $22.28 $22.89 $23.41 $24.57 −6.8 −3.6 −2.1

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $24.67 $25.94 $26.79 $26.73 $27.89 $31.93 −4.9 −3.0 −2.8

Industrial ........................................ 31.76 33.14 31.35 30.91 31.58 30.94 −4.2 .1 .3

Coke ............................................... 51.93 52.74 50.90 52.29 53.72 51.44 −1.5 −.8 .1

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 199 
Table A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,255,351 1,279,011 1,365,188 1,828,072 1,452,789 1,739,114 −1.8 −3.6 −3.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 189,225 203,173 213,427 204,805 195,352 185,985 −6.9 −.8 .2

Production Total ............................... 152,425 153,739 161,642 156,299 161,068 165,192 −.8 −1.4 −.9

Underground .................................. 94,306 94,207 95,414 92,207 96,053 92,882 .1 −.4 .2

Surface ........................................... 58,119 59,532 66,227 64,092 65,016 72,310 −2.4 −2.8 −2.4

Capacity Utilization2........................ 80.38 75.49 75.54 76.11 82.15 88.03 6.5 −.5 −1.0

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 8.2 8.3 8.4 11.7 9.0 10.5 −1.0 −2.2 −2.7

Number of Miners ............................ 18,826 21,125 23,368 24,063 24,624 32,590 −10.9 −6.5 −5.9

Productivity Total2........................... 3.80 3.57 3.25 3.25 3.20 2.69 6.6 4.4 3.9

Underground .................................. 3.53 3.25 2.89 2.93 2.91 2.40 8.6 5.0 4.4

Surface ........................................... 4.35 4.23 3.96 3.84 3.75 3.18 2.9 3.8 3.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 4,460 4,777 5,025 3,216 3,796 − −6.6 4.1 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 152,891 151,466 159,130 160,395 161,860 NA .9 −1.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 143,748 141,771 151,963 150,874 147,825 NA 1.4 −.7 NA

Within State ................................ 25,700 27,140 26,719 28,136 27,941 NA −5.3 −2.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 118,047 114,631 125,244 122,738 119,883 NA 3.0 −.4 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 9,143 9,695 7,167 9,521 14,036 NA −5.7 −10.2 NA R R RR Metallurgical ......................... 5,303 3,640 3,120 4,415 5,916 NA 45.7 −2.7 NA R R RR Steam ..................................... 3,841 6,055 4,047 5,106 8,120 NA −36.6 −17.1 NA

Canada Total ............................... 1,178 777 1,099 1,416 2,078 NA 51.5 −13.2 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,178 777 1,073 1,356 1,373 NA 51.5 −3.8 NA

Steam ..................................... − − 26 60 705 NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 7,966 8,918 6,067 8,106 11,958 NA −10.7 −9.7 NA R R RR Metallurgical ......................... 4,125 2,863 2,047 3,059 4,544 NA 44.1 −2.4 NA R R RR Steam ..................................... 3,841 6,055 4,021 5,047 7,414 NA −36.6 −15.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 40,863 39,516 38,090 39,095 34,704 32,023 3.4 4.2 2.7

Electric Utility ............................... 37,072 35,707 34,564 35,264 31,715 28,569 3.8 4.0 2.9

Industrial ........................................ 2,322 2,250 1,994 2,392 1,648 1,869 3.2 8.9 2.4

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,121 4,472 4,466 3,990 5,415 7,679 −7.8 −6.6 −6.7

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.91 $24.79 $24.88 $24.77 $24.50 $26.15 −3.6 −.6 −1.0

Underground .................................. 24.66 25.18 26.14 25.07 25.18 26.80 −2.0 −.5 −.9

Surface ........................................... 22.68 24.19 23.07 24.35 23.50 25.32 −6.2 −.9 −1.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 24.43 25.71 27.16 27.29 27.01 28.94 −5.0 −2.5 −1.9

Industrial ........................................ 44.02 44.09 43.22 42.30 43.78 43.12 −.2 .1 .2

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

200 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,308,793 1,250,866 1,282,525 1,284,806 1,351,609 1,610,532 4.6 −0.8 −2.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 56,175 51,597 51,104 50,849 48,582 42,848 8.9 3.7 3.0

Production Total ............................... 37,891 39,451 41,640 35,917 38,889 34,399 −3.9 −.6 1.1

Underground .................................. 147 10 3 10 10 − NM 97.7 −

Surface ........................................... 37,744 39,441 41,636 35,907 38,879 34,399 −4.3 −.7 1.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 67.45 76.44 81.47 70.64 80.03 80.28 −11.8 −4.2 −1.9

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 34.5 31.7 30.8 35.8 34.8 46.8 8.9 −.1 −3.3

Number of Miners ............................ 705 722 705 660 715 847 −2.3 −.3 −2.0

Productivity Total2........................... 21.88 21.06 21.92 19.49 20.16 18.70 3.9 2.1 1.8

Underground .................................. 3.50 − − 1.06 − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 22.34 21.06 21.92 19.59 20.16 18.70 6.1 2.6 2.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 580 718 635 876 694 − −19.3 −4.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 38,288 39,620 41,916 35,916 38,866 NA −3.4 −.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 37,770 39,362 41,672 35,795 38,804 NA −4.0 −.7 NA

Within State ................................ 7,844 9,477 10,581 9,115 11,159 NA −17.2 −8.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 29,926 29,885 31,092 26,680 27,645 NA .1 2.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 518 259 243 121 62 NA 100.2 70.2 NA

Steam..................................... 518 259 243 121 62 NA 100.2 70.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... 316 259 90 54 − NA 22.1 − NA

Steam ..................................... 316 259 90 54 − NA 22.1 − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 202 − 153 67 62 NA − 34.6 NA

Steam ..................................... 202 − 153 67 62 NA − 34.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 8,032 10,005 11,089 9,247 11,040 7,730 −19.7 −7.6 .4

Electric Utility ............................... 7,897 9,373 10,513 8,869 10,768 7,530 −15.8 −7.4 .5

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 509 511 517 721 735 851 −.5 −8.8 −5.6

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $9.96 $9.62 $10.39 $11.05 $10.20 $12.43 3.5 −.6 −2.4

Underground .................................. w w − w − −− − −

Surface ........................................... w w 10.39 w 10.20 12.43 w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $11.90 $11.47 11.79 $11.78 12.14 11.12 3.8 −.5 .7

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 201 
Table A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,436,359 1,479,956 1,457,523 1,472,927 1,494,541 1,557,487 −2.9 −1.0 −0.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,695 32,760 32,807 33,360 29,512 33,295 −.2 2.6 −.2

Production Total ............................... 24,067 26,813 28,041 28,268 24,549 19,131 −10.2 −.5 2.6

Underground .................................. − 640 950 719 93 620 −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 24,067 26,173 27,091 27,549 24,456 18,512 −8.0 −.4 2.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 73.61 81.85 85.47 84.74 83.18 57.46 −10.1 −3.0 2.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 59.7 55.2 52.0 52.1 60.9 81.4 8.1 −.5 −3.4

Number of Miners ............................ 1,347 1,747 1,786 1,762 1,683 1,658 −22.9 −5.4 −2.3

Productivity Total2........................... 8.45 6.92 6.77 6.68 6.68 5.74 22.1 6.0 4.4

Underground .................................. − 2.68 2.57 1.63 .40 1.74 −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 8.45 7.19 7.18 7.26 7.11 6.23 17.4 4.4 3.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,890 2,015 1,467 2,343 1,648 − −6.2 3.5 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 25,043 26,154 28,570 27,942 24,827 NA −4.3 .2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 25,035 25,640 28,540 27,942 24,823 NA −2.4 .2 NA

Within State ................................ 15,009 14,630 15,464 14,938 14,829 NA 2.6 .3 NA

To Other States ........................... 10,026 11,010 13,076 13,004 9,993 NA −8.9 .1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 9 514 30 − 5 NA −98.3 16.5 NA

Steam ..................................... 9 514 30 − 5 NA −98.3 16.5 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 9 514 30 − 5 NA −98.3 16.5 NA

Steam ..................................... 9 514 30 − 5 NA −98.3 16.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,297 15,221 15,374 15,012 14,832 14,395 .5 .8 .7

Electric Utility ............................... 15,215 15,137 15,297 14,942 14,775 14,340 .5 .7 .6

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 814 967 1,462 1,506 1,570 1,246 −15.8 −15.1 −4.6

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $24.66 $23.80 $23.29 $22.96 $23.14 $21.78 3.6 1.6 1.4

Underground .................................. − w w w w ww w w

Surface ........................................... 24.66 w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 26.04 $25.59 $25.48 $24.61 $23.83 $21.87 1.8 2.2 2.0

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

202 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,301,400 1,667,596 1,694,548 1,411,026 1,335,164 1,384,343 −21.9 −0.6 −0.7

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,184 34,464 35,920 36,371 36,986 39,166 −6.6 −3.4 −2.1

Production Total ............................... 29,861 30,112 32,286 31,973 31,744 25,142 −.8 −1.5 1.9

Surface ........................................... 29,861 30,112 32,286 31,973 31,744 25,142 −.8 −1.5 1.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 92.78 87.37 89.88 87.89 85.83 64.19 6.2 2.0 4.2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 43.6 55.4 52.5 44.1 42.1 55.1 −21.3 .9 −2.6

Number of Miners ............................ 640 716 645 782 744 961 −10.6 −3.7 −4.4

Productivity Total2........................... 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 13.46 2.4 −1.3 2.8

Surface ........................................... 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 13.46 2.4 −1.3 2.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,574 1,797 1,812 1,607 1,614 − −12.4 −.6 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 NA −.3 −1.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 NA −.3 −1.3 NA

Within State ................................ 30,025 28,838 29,731 30,215 29,573 NA 4.1 .4 NA

To Other States ........................... − 1,281 2,325 2,157 2,129 NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 30,511 30,237 30,363 30,302 30,301 24,101 .9 .2 2.6

Electric Utility ............................... 23,640 22,680 23,248 23,290 23,192 17,434 4.2 .5 3.4

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,642 1,858 2,406 2,417 2,194 3,586 −11.6 −7.0 −8.3

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $8.01 $7.99 $7.62 $7.63 $7.48 $7.91 .2 1.7 .1

Surface ........................................... 8.01 7.99 7.62 7.63 7.48 7.91 .2 1.7 .1

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 9.72 9.65 9.28 9.38 9.45 10.46 .7 .7 −.8

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 203 
Table A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 414,759 467,984 479,235 519,768 575,973 754,690 −11.4 −7.9 −6.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 37,584 34,011 43,925 42,236 41,329 46,337 10.5 −2.3 −2.3

Production Total ............................... 28,572 26,118 29,897 28,816 30,403 35,788 9.4 −1.5 −2.5

Underground .................................. 15,912 13,077 13,607 10,437 12,031 12,617 21.7 7.2 2.6

Surface ........................................... 12,660 13,041 16,290 18,379 18,371 23,171 −2.9 −8.9 −6.5

Capacity Utilization2........................ 75.88 76.55 67.87 67.94 73.19 76.72 −.9 .9 −.1

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 14.5 17.9 16.0 18.0 18.9 21.1 −19.0 −6.4 −4.1

Number of Miners ............................ 3,232 3,386 3,983 3,866 4,515 7,827 −4.5 −8.0 −9.4

Productivity Total2........................... 3.95 3.62 3.42 3.46 3.04 2.28 9.1 6.8 6.3

Underground .................................. 4.19 3.81 3.51 3.27 3.01 1.80 9.9 8.6 9.8

Surface ........................................... 3.69 3.46 3.34 3.58 3.06 2.67 6.9 4.8 3.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 532 1,374 833 550 1,087 − −61.3 −16.4 −

Imports3 ............................................ 1 1 2 2 13 − 3.1 −42.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 28,881 24,345 28,749 28,315 29,550 NA 18.6 −.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 28,609 24,318 28,688 28,315 29,549 NA 17.6 −.8 NA

Within State ................................ 24,478 20,228 23,907 24,370 26,941 NA 21.0 −2.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,131 4,090 4,782 3,944 2,608 NA 1.0 12.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 271 28 61 − 2 NA NM 257.2 NA

Steam..................................... 271 28 61 − 2 NA NM 257.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... 3 13 − − * NA −78.7 60.2 NA

Steam ..................................... 3 13 − − * NA −78.7 60.2 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 269 15 61 − 1 NA NM 282.7 NA

Steam..................................... 269 15 61 − 1 NA NM 282.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 59,835 56,580 56,711 59,031 58,671 59,350 5.8 .5 .1

Electric Utility ............................... 53,543 49,785 49,326 51,456 50,358 47,520 7.5 1.5 1.3

Industrial ........................................ 3,794 3,609 3,794 4,100 3,970 5,657 5.1 −1.1 −4.3

Coke ............................................... 1,842 2,777 3,092 2,892 3,755 5,361 −33.7 −16.3 −11.2

Residential/Commercial................. 656 409 498 584 588 812 60.4 2.8 −2.3

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 5,431 5,936 7,815 7,630 10,804 11,164 −8.5 −15.8 −7.7

Electric Utility ............................... 5,232 5,661 7,499 7,249 10,395 9,959 −7.6 −15.8 −6.9

All Other........................................ 199 275 316 381 408 1,205 −27.6 −16.4 −18.1

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $24.85 $25.97 $29.13 $28.04 $26.93 $30.80 −4.3 −2.0 −2.3

Underground .................................. 25.98 28.98 31.61 30.73 30.11 37.20 −10.4 −3.6 −3.9

Surface ........................................... 23.43 22.92 27.04 26.51 24.84 27.28 2.2 −1.4 −1.7

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 32.31 34.44 34.70 34.05 34.40 37.15 −6.2 −1.5 −1.5

Industrial ........................................ 35.28 35.18 35.75 34.82 35.24 33.98 .3 * .4

Coke ............................................... 44.98 42.18 42.02 45.07 46.68 46.04 6.6 −.9 −.3

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

204 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 796,035 736,601 912,870 939,706 937,427 1,368,540 8.1 −4.0 −5.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 81,684 77,187 80,975 82,148 82,968 86,765 5.8 −.4 −.7

Production Total ............................... 67,942 61,576 62,237 59,700 68,981 70,423 10.3 −.4 −.4

Underground .................................. 47,247 41,409 39,974 36,934 45,112 38,450 14.1 1.2 2.3

Surface ........................................... 20,694 20,167 22,263 22,766 23,868 31,974 2.6 −3.5 −4.7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 82.53 78.81 75.89 71.79 82.20 80.04 4.7 .1 .3

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 11.7 12.0 14.7 15.7 13.6 19.4 −2.0 −3.6 −5.5

Number of Miners ............................ 9,021 8,968 9,975 10,940 12,659 17,287 .6 −8.1 −7.0

Productivity Total2........................... 3.36 3.23 2.98 2.80 2.67 1.97 4.1 5.9 6.1

Underground .................................. 3.74 3.49 3.18 2.91 2.81 1.81 7.1 7.4 8.4

Surface ........................................... 2.72 2.79 2.67 2.63 2.45 2.23 −2.4 2.6 2.3

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 3,113 2,487 2,787 1,826 2,903 − 25.2 1.8 −

Imports3 ............................................ 80 87 − − − −−7.7 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 69,128 62,240 61,508 58,990 67,649 NA 11.1 .5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 59,882 53,961 55,207 53,482 61,208 NA 11.0 −.5 NA

Within State ................................ 39,222 36,147 35,189 33,456 37,696 NA 8.5 1.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 20,660 17,814 20,018 20,026 23,512 NA 16.0 −3.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 9,246 8,279 6,301 5,508 6,440 NA 11.7 9.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,642 1,467 1,624 1,919 1,301 NA 11.9 6.0 NA

Steam..................................... 7,604 6,812 4,677 3,589 5,139 NA 11.6 10.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 1,050 713 844 597 1,599 NA 47.4 −10.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 4 − 10 − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam..................................... 1,050 708 844 587 1,599 NA 48.2 −10.0 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 8,196 7,566 5,457 4,911 4,841 NA 8.3 14.1 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,642 1,463 1,624 1,909 1,301 NA 12.2 6.0 NA

Steam..................................... 6,554 6,103 3,833 3,002 3,540 NA 7.4 16.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 57,226 55,326 54,094 56,158 56,074 55,305 3.4 .5 .4

Electric Utility ............................... 41,076 39,252 38,044 40,257 40,407 41,263 4.6 .4 *

Industrial ........................................ 4,466 4,027 4,044 4,311 4,173 4,112 10.9 1.7 .9

Coke ............................................... 10,689 10,858 10,849 10,333 9,868 8,395 −1.5 2.0 2.7

Residential/Commercial................. 995 1,188 1,156 1,257 1,626 1,535 −16.3 −11.6 −4.7

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 8,860 10,303 12,060 12,265 15,976 16,121 −14.0 −13.7 −6.4

Electric Utility ............................... 7,880 9,244 11,000 11,110 14,866 15,034 −14.8 −14.7 −6.9

All Other........................................ 980 1,059 1,060 1,155 1,110 1,087 −7.5 −3.1 −1.1

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $25.78 $26.78 $26.18 $26.50 $28.61 $29.81 −3.7 −2.6 −1.6

Underground .................................. 25.79 27.09 26.59 27.35 30.23 32.70 −4.8 −3.9 −2.6

Surface ........................................... 25.76 26.14 25.43 25.09 25.48 26.27 −1.4 .3 −.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 34.06 33.48 35.39 35.73 36.81 35.43 1.7 −1.9 −.4

Industrial ........................................ 33.84 34.07 33.66 34.04 35.70 36.62 −.7 −1.3 −.9

Coke ............................................... 45.16 46.11 46.25 46.41 46.49 42.54 −2.0 −.7 .7

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 205 
Table A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 878,486 939,901 1,026,309 1,104,864 1,188,240 1,214,513 −6.5 −7.3 −3.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 59,604 54,758 55,856 57,115 58,541 51,636 8.8 .4 1.6

Production Total ............................... 55,164 52,684 52,346 54,567 55,071 50,529 4.7 * 1.0

Surface ........................................... 55,164 52,684 52,346 54,567 55,071 50,529 4.7 * 1.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 92.55 96.21 93.72 95.54 94.07 97.86 −3.8 −.4 −.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 15.9 17.8 19.6 20.3 21.6 24.0 −10.7 −7.3 −4.5

Number of Miners ............................ 1,550 1,590 1,733 1,841 2,001 3,319 −2.5 −6.2 −8.1

Productivity Total2........................... 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 6.45 11.3 8.4 5.1

Surface ........................................... 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 6.45 11.3 8.4 5.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,254 864 1,430 1,237 543 − 45.1 23.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ 16 − 153 156 80 94 − −33.5 −18.1

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 49,655 52,832 52,256 54,224 54,447 NA −6.0 −2.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 NA −6.2 −2.3 NA

Within State ................................ 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 NA −6.2 −2.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 117 20 − −− NA 494.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 117 20 − −− NA 494.0 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 117 20 − −− NA 494.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 117 20 − −− NA 494.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 98,997 92,612 93,829 96,809 91,568 82,915 6.9 2.0 2.0

Electric Utility ............................... 94,189 88,358 88,479 92,135 87,333 78,802 6.6 1.9 2.0

Industrial ........................................ 4,808 4,255 5,350 4,667 4,225 4,083 13.0 3.3 1.8

Residential/Commercial ................. − − * 6 ww − w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 10,481 10,829 9,793 9,172 w w −3.2 w w

Electric Utility ............................... 10,290 10,628 9,578 8,125 10,143 8,992 −3.2 .4 1.5

All Other........................................ 190 201 215 1,047 w w −5.6 w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $12.17 $12.16 $12.38 $12.87 $12.42 $12.10 * −.5 .1

Surface ........................................... 12.17 12.16 12.38 12.87 12.42 12.10 * −.5 .1

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 19.26 19.65 19.84 20.91 21.58 22.48 −1.9 −2.8 −1.7

Industrial ........................................ 18.99 18.76 19.54 17.58 18.14 19.19 1.2 1.1 −.1

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

206 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 284,433 374,750 423,349 446,729 488,109 489,634 −24.1 −12.6 −5.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 30,230 30,888 27,640 25,933 25,534 22,976 −2.1 4.3 3.1

Production Total ............................... 27,507 25,167 24,399 21,847 21,339 16,508 9.3 6.5 5.8

Underground .................................. 27,507 25,167 24,399 21,847 21,339 16,508 9.3 6.5 5.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 90.97 81.48 88.27 84.22 83.57 71.85 11.6 2.1 2.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 10.3 14.9 17.3 20.4 22.9 29.7 −30.5 −18.0 −11.0

Number of Miners ............................ 1,804 1,893 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,544 −4.7 −2.5 −3.7

Productivity Total2........................... 7.23 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 3.86 3.0 7.2 7.2

Underground .................................. 7.24 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 3.86 3.1 7.3 7.2

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,337 1,946 1,301 1,203 1,827 − −31.3 −7.5 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 23,868 25,521 23,225 22,243 21,052 NA −6.5 3.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 18,563 21,591 20,527 19,283 18,792 NA −14.0 −.3 NA

Within State ................................ 9,389 12,755 13,586 13,418 13,035 NA −26.4 −7.9 NA

To Other States ........................... 9,174 8,836 6,941 5,866 5,758 NA 3.8 12.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 NA 35.0 23.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 187 − − −− NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 5,118 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 NA 30.2 22.7 NA

Canada Total ............................... − − − 346 − NA − − NA

Steam..................................... − − − 346 − NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,613 2,260 NA 35.0 23.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 187 − − −− NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 5,118 3,930 2,698 2,613 2,260 NA 30.2 22.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,237 15,307 16,216 15,848 15,719 11,807 −.4 −.8 2.9

Electric Utility ............................... 13,584 13,325 14,269 13,995 13,857 11,175 1.9 −.5 2.2

Industrial ........................................ 512 915 835 727 525 507 −44.1 −.6 .1

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,526 2,250 2,753 3,264 3,153 3,133 −32.2 −16.6 −7.7

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $21.63 $19.10 $19.27 $20.81 $21.11 $25.70 13.3 .6 −1.9

Underground .................................. 21.63 19.10 19.27 20.81 21.11 25.70 13.3 .6 −1.9

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 24.66 25.27 26.10 27.34 27.54 29.09 −2.4 −2.7 −1.8

Industrial ........................................ 19.10 19.74 26.57 26.51 25.35 23.85 −3.2 −6.8 −2.4

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 207 
Table A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 188,344 203,159 236,773 335,883 365,823 507,545 −7.3 −15.3 −10.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 41,593 43,037 46,462 50,879 54,471 49,676 −3.3 −6.5 −1.9

Production Total ............................... 35,590 34,099 37,129 39,317 43,024 44,543 4.4 −4.6 −2.5

Underground .................................. 25,568 25,372 28,054 30,166 34,715 36,943 .8 −7.4 −4.0

Surface ........................................... 10,022 8,727 9,075 9,151 8,308 7,599 14.8 4.8 3.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 85.34 79.07 79.61 77.07 78.70 88.93 7.9 2.0 −.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 5.3 6.0 6.4 8.5 8.5 11.4 −11.2 −11.2 −8.2

Number of Miners ............................ 6,241 6,919 8,121 8,339 9,138 12,047 −9.8 −9.1 −7.0

Productivity Total2........................... 2.72 2.50 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.08 8.4 3.5 3.0

Underground .................................. 2.44 2.25 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.01 8.6 2.7 2.2

Surface ........................................... 3.79 3.73 3.73 3.55 3.50 2.52 1.7 2.0 4.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,644 1,649 1,180 1,389 1,714 − −.3 −1.0 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 36,208 34,024 38,548 41,639 45,728 NA 6.4 −5.7 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 22,776 24,283 26,866 27,388 28,504 NA −6.2 −5.4 NA

Within State ................................ 7,231 5,657 6,867 6,076 6,082 NA 27.8 4.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 15,545 18,625 19,999 21,312 22,422 NA −16.5 −8.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 13,432 9,742 11,683 14,251 17,224 NA 37.9 −6.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 12,760 8,921 11,155 13,747 14,389 NA 43.0 −3.0 NA

Steam..................................... 671 821 527 503 2,835 NA −18.2 −30.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... 387 445 786 1,229 1,331 NA −13.0 −26.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 387 445 786 1,229 − NA −13.0 − NA

Steam..................................... − − − − 1,331 NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 13,044 9,297 10,897 13,021 15,893 NA 40.3 −4.8 NA R R RR Metallurgical ......................... 12,373 8,475 10,370 12,518 14,389 NA 46.0 −3.7 NA R R RR Steam ..................................... 671 821 527 503 1,505 NA −18.2 −18.3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 14,983 13,378 12,792 13,584 13,418 13,227 12.0 2.8 1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 10,994 9,543 8,670 9,447 8,661 8,297 15.2 6.1 3.2

Industrial ........................................ 2,613 2,585 2,838 2,863 3,592 3,662 1.1 −7.6 −3.7

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,010 1,098 2,064 1,418 1,922 2,300 −7.9 −14.8 −8.7

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $28.45 $28.47 $26.84 $26.80 $27.55 $27.42 −.1 .8 .4

Underground .................................. 29.46 29.20 27.33 27.26 27.88 27.94 .9 1.4 .6

Surface ........................................... 25.88 26.34 25.33 25.29 26.17 24.90 −1.8 −.3 .4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 35.73 36.90 37.05 37.57 37.81 40.52 −3.2 −1.4 −1.4

Industrial ........................................ 43.51 42.50 41.56 41.27 40.97 38.92 2.4 1.5 1.2

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

208 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,731,154 1,731,400 1,829,630 1,930,903 2,043,062 2,547,607 * −4.0 −4.2

Productive Capacity1........................ 217,409 204,837 201,684 191,706 198,083 158,356 6.1 2.3 3.6

Production Total ............................... 170,433 162,997 161,776 130,525 162,164 136,676 4.6 1.3 2.5

Underground .................................. 115,585 110,029 111,679 87,997 115,212 107,463 5.0 .1 .8

Surface ........................................... 54,848 52,968 50,097 42,528 46,952 29,213 3.5 4.0 7.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 78.32 79.50 80.07 67.91 81.70 85.84 −1.5 −1.0 −1.0

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 10.2 10.6 11.3 14.8 12.6 18.6 −4.4 −5.2 −6.5

Number of Miners ............................ 20,121 21,334 21,861 22,979 26,017 29,458 −5.7 −6.2 −4.1

Productivity Total2........................... 3.91 3.74 3.69 3.27 3.27 2.47 4.4 4.5 5.3

Underground .................................. 3.50 3.40 3.38 2.92 2.99 2.31 2.9 4.0 4.7

Surface ........................................... 5.18 4.74 4.62 4.35 4.27 3.29 9.4 5.0 5.2

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 4,947 6,176 6,692 4,059 7,405 − −19.9 −9.6 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 169,200 165,187 158,985 135,818 163,723 NA 2.4 .8 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 127,156 120,866 122,779 102,659 112,917 NA 5.2 3.0 NA

Within State ................................ 29,220 29,018 30,891 22,887 26,644 NA .7 2.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 97,936 91,848 91,888 79,772 86,273 NA 6.6 3.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 42,044 44,321 36,205 33,159 50,806 NA −5.1 −4.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 31,717 34,633 31,603 26,504 33,413 NA −8.4 −1.3 NA

Steam..................................... 10,327 9,688 4,602 6,655 17,393 NA 6.6 −12.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... 7,222 5,784 5,644 4,108 8,911 NA 24.9 −5.1 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 6,907 5,759 5,605 4,071 8,021 NA 19.9 −3.7 NA

Steam..................................... 315 25 40 37 890 NA NM −22.8 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 34,822 38,537 30,561 29,052 41,895 NA −9.6 −4.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 24,810 28,874 25,998 22,433 25,392 NA −14.1 −.6 NA

Steam..................................... 10,012 9,663 4,563 6,618 16,504 NA 3.6 −11.8 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 36,139 34,489 34,767 32,046 32,019 34,815 4.8 3.1 .4

Electric Utility ............................... 32,775 30,657 30,318 27,782 28,050 30,605 6.9 4.0 .8

Industrial ........................................ 1,630 1,984 2,637 2,406 2,266 2,326 −17.8 −7.9 −3.9

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,372 4,744 4,479 4,001 7,863 9,401 −7.8 −13.6 −8.1

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $26.58 $27.18 $27.42 $27.58 $28.15 $29.15 −2.2 −1.4 −1.0

Underground .................................. 27.31 27.77 27.93 28.54 29.14 29.86 −1.6 −1.6 −1.0

Surface ........................................... 25.04 25.95 26.29 25.57 25.72 26.51 −3.5 −.7 −.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 30.93 31.61 34.70 35.42 36.88 67.41 −2.1 −4.3 −101.5

Industrial ........................................ 33.37 33.61 32.73 32.91 31.93 31.39 −.7 1.1 .7

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 209 
Table A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 6,591,293 6,723,963 6,999,460 6,830,720 6,750,718 6,596,139 −2.0 −0.6 *

Productive Capacity1........................ 350,908 337,184 321,046 277,875 253,312 247,476 4.1 8.5 3.9

Production Total ............................... 278,440 263,822 237,092 210,129 190,172 146,850 5.5 10.0 7.4

Underground .................................. 2,641 2,008 2,735 2,136 2,511 107 31.5 1.3 42.8

Surface ........................................... 275,799 261,814 234,357 207,993 187,661 146,743 5.3 10.1 7.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.35 78.24 73.85 75.62 75.07 59.34 1.4 1.4 3.3

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 23.7 25.5 29.5 32.5 35.5 44.9 −7.1 −9.6 −6.9

Number of Miners ............................ 2,814 3,142 3,291 3,159 3,326 3,191 −10.4 −4.1 −1.4

Productivity Total2........................... 32.06 30.06 26.05 24.46 21.50 17.91 6.6 10.5 6.7

Underground .................................. 9.18 5.97 5.07 3.56 4.19 2.71 53.6 21.7 14.5

Surface ........................................... 32.84 31.02 27.37 26.03 22.76 17.98 5.9 9.6 6.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,504 1,997 1,592 998 2,794 − −24.7 −14.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 279,117 263,601 235,540 211,713 190,260 NA 5.9 10.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 276,723 261,333 234,016 210,739 188,983 NA 5.9 10.0 NA

Within State ................................ 26,253 26,521 28,334 25,519 26,388 NA −1.0 −.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 250,470 234,812 205,682 185,220 162,595 NA 6.7 11.4 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 NA 5.5 17.0 NA

Steam..................................... 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 NA 5.5 17.0 NA

Canada Total ............................... 443 32 − −− NA NM − NA

Steam ..................................... 443 32 − −− NA NM − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 1,952 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 NA −12.8 11.2 NA

Steam..................................... 1,952 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 NA −12.8 11.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 26,646 25,933 27,459 26,171 27,339 24,399 2.8 −.6 1.0

Electric Utility ............................... 24,430 23,850 25,350 24,111 25,114 22,408 2.4 −.7 1.0

Industrial ........................................ 1,835 1,937 1,867 1,873 2,126 w −5.3 −3.6 w

Residential/Commercial................. 382 146 242 187 w w 162.0 w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,269 2,936 2,553 1,841 2,242 w −22.7 .3 w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,198 2,857 2,476 1,728 2,153 2,805 −23.1 .5 −2.7

All Other........................................ 71 79 77 113 89 w −10.7 −5.6 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $6.41 $6.58 $6.83 $7.32 $8.14 $9.80 −2.6 −5.8 −4.6

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $14.30 $14.29 $14.09 $14.03 $13.42 $15.27 .1 1.6 −.7

Industrial ........................................ 22.32 22.72 22.87 23.43 23.67 w −1.8 −1.4 w

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

210 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 427,163 420,998 476,538 506,419 514,739 803,845 1.5 −4.5 −6.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 23,441 24,495 23,451 23,567 28,144 35,803 −4.3 −4.5 −4.6

Production Total ............................... 19,674 19,911 19,672 18,848 22,284 28,878 −1.2 −3.1 −4.2

Underground .................................. 5,227 4,880 4,880 4,523 4,367 7,329 7.1 4.6 −3.7

Surface ........................................... 14,447 15,031 14,792 14,325 17,917 21,549 −3.9 −5.2 −4.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 83.55 81.02 83.52 79.48 78.65 80.17 3.1 1.5 .4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 21.7 21.1 24.2 26.9 23.1 27.8 2.7 −1.5 −2.7

Number of Miners ............................ 2,394 2,312 2,373 2,478 2,918 5,362 3.5 −4.8 −8.6

Productivity Total2........................... 3.73 3.96 3.82 3.59 3.40 2.58 −6.0 2.3 4.1

Underground .................................. 2.94 3.03 2.86 3.05 2.40 1.98 −3.1 5.2 4.5

Surface ........................................... 4.13 4.41 4.30 3.80 3.78 2.88 −6.2 2.3 4.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 292 784 598 297 289 − −62.8 .3 −

Imports3 ............................................ 5,267 5,084 5,327 4,605 1,713 671 3.6 32.4 25.7

Distribution (thousand short tons)

 R R RR Distribution Total ............................. 19,828 19,080 18,813 19,056 21,904 NA 3.9 −2.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 18,285 17,930 17,767 17,914 20,654 NA 2.0 −3.0 NA

Within State ................................ 28 26 25 100 143 NA 5.2 −33.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 18,257 17,904 17,743 17,814 20,511 NA 2.0 −2.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 1,544 1,150 1,046 1,142 1,250 NA 34.2 5.4 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 38 109 51 − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 1,544 1,112 937 1,092 1,250 NA 38.8 5.4 NA

Canada Total ............................... * 1 3 1 − NA −82.9 − NA

Steam ..................................... * 1 3 1 − NA −82.9 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 1,544 1,149 1,042 1,142 1,250 NA 34.3 5.4 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 38 109 51 − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 1,544 1,112 934 1,091 1,250 NA 38.9 5.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 400,049 382,060 371,817 365,045 350,253 334,403 4.7 3.4 2.0

Electric Utility ............................... 365,146 344,785 334,773 329,279 315,259 296,439 5.9 3.7 2.3

Industrial ........................................ 29,720 31,653 31,795 31,970 31,728 30,998 −6.1 −1.6 −.5

Coke ............................................... 2,686 2,784 2,723 1,243 1,148 4,603 −3.5 23.7 −5.8

Residential/Commercial................. 2,497 2,838 2,526 2,552 2,119 2,363 −12.0 4.2 .6

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 60,142 62,368 57,506 48,850 68,257 78,115 −3.6 −3.1 −2.9

Electric Utility ............................... 55,838 58,348 53,253 45,411 64,006 71,867 −4.3 −3.3 −2.8

All Other........................................ 4,304 4,021 4,252 3,439 4,251 6,247 7.0 .3 −4.0

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $24.06 $22.80 $23.19 $23.14 $24.39 $25.88 5.5 −.3 −.8

Underground .................................. 25.78 26.25 26.97 26.72 27.26 27.79 −1.8 −1.4 −.8

Surface ........................................... 23.44 21.67 21.94 22.02 23.69 25.23 8.1 −.3 −.8

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 27.46 28.22 29.70 30.68 31.79 34.55 −2.7 −3.6 −2.5

Industrial ........................................ 38.22 38.51 38.72 38.95 39.35 40.68 −.8 −.7 −.7

Coke ............................................... 51.21 51.67 50.89 58.19 53.10 51.49 −.9 −.9 *

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Other States include Alaska, Arkansas, California, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Washington. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 211 
Table A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1987, 1992-1996

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 19,427,980 20,105,197 21,016,526 21,535,283 21,626,971 24,241,218 −3.4 −2.6 −2.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,183,404 2.0 1.6 1.3

Production Total ............................... 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 918,762 3.0 1.6 1.6

Underground .................................. 409,849 396,249 399,103 351,053 407,239 372,874 3.4 .1 1.0

Surface ........................................... 654,007 636,725 634,401 594,371 590,306 545,888 2.7 2.6 2.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 80.21 79.40 78.11 74.77 80.20 77.29 1.0 * .4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.3 19.5 20.3 22.8 21.7 26.4 −6.2 −4.2 −4.0

Number of Miners ............................ 83,462 90,252 97,500 101,322 110,196 142,667 −7.5 −6.7 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 5.69 5.38 4.98 4.70 4.36 3.30 5.8 6.9 6.3

Underground .................................. 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.20 5.6 5.1 5.5

Surface ........................................... 9.05 8.48 7.67 7.23 6.59 4.98 6.7 8.3 6.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 28,648 34,444 33,219 25,284 33,993 34,090 −16.8 −4.2 −1.9

Imports3 ............................................ 6,476 6,317 6,599 5,496 1,806 765 2.5 37.6 26.8

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 NA 2.9 1.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 NA 2.9 1.9 NA

Within State ................................ 340,005 336,821 353,765 339,034 355,232 NA .9 −1.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 627,688 603,602 596,078 544,900 542,035 NA 4.0 3.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 NA 2.5 −2.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 56,162 54,077 52,206 52,591 61,432 NA 3.9 −2.2 NA

Steam..................................... 36,037 35,830 20,474 22,919 39,948 NA .6 −2.5 NA

Canada Total ............................... 10,599 8,023 8,467 7,751 13,919 NA 32.1 −6.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 9,394 NA 21.3 −2.5 NA

Steam..................................... 2,127 1,037 1,003 1,085 4,525 NA 105.0 −17.2 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 81,600 81,884 64,214 67,759 87,461 NA −.3 −1.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 47,690 47,091 44,743 45,925 52,038 NA 1.3 −2.2 NA

Steam..................................... 33,910 34,793 19,471 21,834 35,423 NA −2.5 −1.1 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 983,334 940,880 930,201 925,944 892,421 836,860 4.5 2.4 1.8

Electric Utility ............................... 874,681 829,007 817,270 813,508 779,860 717,894 5.5 2.9 2.2

Industrial ........................................ 70,941 73,055 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,175 −2.9 −1.1 −.6

Coke ............................................... 31,706 33,011 31,740 31,323 32,366 36,877 −3.9 −.5 −1.7

Residential/Commercial................. 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,914 3.4 −.6 −1.5

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 123,024 134,639 136,139 120,458 163,692 185,459 −8.6 −6.9 −4.4

Electric Utility ............................... 114,669 126,304 126,897 111,341 154,130 170,797 −9.2 −7.1 −4.3

All Other........................................ 8,355 8,334 9,243 9,117 9,562 14,662 .3 −3.3 −6.0

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.50 $18.83 $19.41 $19.85 $21.03 $23.07 −1.8 −3.1 −2.4

Underground .................................. 25.96 26.18 26.39 26.92 27.83 29.63 −.9 −1.7 −1.5

Surface ........................................... 13.82 14.25 15.02 15.67 16.34 18.58 −3.0 −4.1 −3.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 26.45 27.01 28.03 28.58 29.36 31.83 −2.1 −2.6 −2.0

Industrial ........................................ 32.32 32.42 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.71 −.3 −.3 −.5

Coke ............................................... 47.33 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.92 46.55 * −.3 .2

1 For 1987, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1996 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1987 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

212 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Appendix B

Metric Tables

In response to requests from international users of

U.S. coal statistics, certain summary data have been

converted from the customary short tons to metric.

This enables U.S. statistics to be compared with data

published by countries using the metric system. The

conversion to metric tons is made by multiplying

short tons by 0.907185.

The data converted to metric tons are from Tables

ES3, 1, 16, 25, 35, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 92, 94, 96, 98,

and 99.

Table B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1987, 1992-1996

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Production............................................ 965 937 938 858 905 833 3.0 1.6 1.6

Imports................................................. 6 7 7 7 3 2 −1.0 17.0 16.9

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 26 31 30 23 31 31 −16.8 −4.2 −1.9

Consumption........................................ 892 854 844 840 810 759 4.5 2.4 1.8

Exports................................................. 82 80 65 68 93 72 2.2 −3.1 1.4

Consumer Stocks1............................... 112 122 124 109 148 168 −8.6 −6.9 −4.4

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

 Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’ • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’ • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 213 
Table B2. Coal Production by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 22,351 22,353 21,106 22,469 23,401 23,169 * −1.1 −0.4

Alaska .................................................. 1,343 1,540 1,422 1,452 1,392 1,354 −12.8 −.9 −.1

Arizona ................................................ 9,473 10,838 11,844 11,043 11,351 10,323 −12.6 −4.4 −.9

Arkansas .............................................. 19 26 46 40 53 76 −28.0 −22.6 −14.3

California ............................................. − − − − 94 42 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 22,576 23,324 22,955 19,854 17,442 13,082 −3.2 6.7 6.3

Illinois .................................................. 42,325 43,708 47,896 37,283 54,301 53,665 −3.2 −6.0 −2.6

Indiana ................................................. 26,916 23,593 28,057 26,576 27,639 31,033 14.1 −.6 −1.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − 42 159 262 425 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 211 258 258 310 329 1,834 −18.4 −10.5 −21.4

Kentucky Total .................................... 138,278 139,470 146,639 141,792 146,119 149,859 −.8 −1.4 −.9

Eastern .............................................. 106,096 107,539 112,897 109,036 108,302 108,777 −1.3 −.5 −.3

Western ............................................. 32,182 31,931 33,742 32,756 37,817 41,082 .8 −3.9 −2.7

Louisiana.............................................. 2,922 3,374 3,141 2,843 2,939 2,495 −13.4 −.1 1.8

Maryland.............................................. 3,713 3,327 3,295 3,044 3,031 3,595 11.6 5.2 .3

Missouri ............................................... 644 497 761 592 2,618 3,894 29.6 −29.6 −18.1

Montana ............................................... 34,374 35,789 37,775 32,583 35,280 31,207 −3.9 −.6 1.1

New Mexico ........................................ 21,834 24,324 25,438 25,644 22,270 17,356 −10.2 −.5 2.6

North Dakota ....................................... 27,089 27,317 29,289 29,005 28,797 22,809 −.8 −1.5 1.9

Ohio ..................................................... 25,920 23,694 27,122 26,141 27,581 32,466 9.4 −1.5 −2.5

Oklahoma............................................. 1,543 1,702 1,733 1,595 1,580 2,603 −9.3 −.6 −5.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 61,636 55,860 56,460 54,159 62,578 63,887 10.3 −.4 −.4

Anthracite.......................................... 4,310 4,248 4,192 3,906 3,160 3,230 1.5 8.1 3.3

Bituminous........................................ 57,325 51,613 52,268 50,253 59,419 60,657 11.1 −.9 −.6

Tennessee............................................. 3,312 2,922 2,709 2,764 3,154 5,844 13.3 1.2 −6.1

Texas.................................................... 50,044 47,794 47,488 49,502 49,960 45,839 4.7 * 1.0

Utah...................................................... 24,954 22,831 22,135 19,819 19,359 14,976 9.3 6.5 5.8

Virginia ................................................ 32,286 30,934 33,683 35,668 39,030 40,409 4.4 −4.6 −2.5

Washington .......................................... 4,142 4,416 4,439 4,300 4,764 4,036 −6.2 −3.4 .3

West Virginia Total............................. 154,614 147,869 146,760 118,411 147,112 123,991 4.6 1.3 2.5

Northern ............................................ 41,649 41,834 44,739 30,665 45,379 47,176 −.4 −2.1 −1.4

Southern ............................................ 112,965 106,034 102,022 87,746 101,734 76,814 6.5 2.6 4.4

Wyoming ............................................. 252,597 239,336 215,086 190,626 172,522 133,220 5.5 10.0 7.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 409,928 394,499 404,033 371,690 414,189 402,138 3.9 −.3 .2

Interior Total1 ................................... 156,805 152,884 163,164 151,658 177,499 182,946 2.6 −3.0 −1.7

Western Total1 .................................. 398,381 389,715 370,382 334,327 313,270 248,404 2.2 6.2 5.4

East of Miss. River............................ 511,351 493,732 513,729 468,306 533,946 527,917 3.6 −1.1 −.3

West of Miss. River........................... 453,763 443,367 423,851 389,369 371,012 305,570 2.3 5.2 4.5

U.S. Total............................................ 965,114 937,098 937,580 857,675 904,958 833,487 3.0 1.6 1.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

214 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 19871 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 29,174 29,526 29,982 25,325 27,048 26,480 −1.2 1.9 1.1

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. 26,608 29,425 28,191 27,252 23,449 19,342 −9.6 3.2 3.6

Illinois .................................................. 55,998 51,371 62,971 62,886 68,753 68,812 9.0 −5.0 −2.3

Indiana ................................................. 32,263 31,984 35,318 39,875 39,000 41,135 .9 −4.6 −2.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w ww w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 171,662 184,316 193,618 185,796 177,220 168,722 −6.9 −.8 .2

Eastern .............................................. 132,169 137,993 146,720 142,717 135,212 116,913 −4.2 −.6 1.4

Western ............................................. 39,493 46,323 46,897 43,079 42,008 51,810 −14.7 −1.5 −3.0

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 4,477 3,999 3,930 3,563 3,539 4,216 11.9 6.0 .7

Missouri ............................................... 949 980 1,097 w w w −3.2 w −16.6

Montana ............................................... 50,961 46,808 46,361 46,129 44,073 38,871 8.9 3.7 3.0

New Mexico ........................................ 29,660 29,719 29,762 30,264 26,773 30,205 −.2 2.6 −.2

North Dakota ....................................... 29,197 31,265 32,586 32,995 33,553 35,531 −6.6 −3.4 −2.1

Ohio ..................................................... 34,096 30,854 39,848 38,315 37,493 42,036 10.5 −2.3 −2.3

Oklahoma............................................. 1,797 2,320 2,042 2,197 2,256 3,464 −22.5 −5.5 −7.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 74,102 70,023 73,460 74,524 75,267 78,712 5.8 −.4 −.7

Anthracite.......................................... 4,993 5,939 5,240 5,267 3,758 3,512 −15.9 7.4 4.0

Bituminous........................................ 69,109 64,083 68,220 69,256 71,509 75,201 7.8 −.8 −.9

Tennessee............................................. 3,637 3,402 3,092 3,414 3,567 6,627 6.9 .5 −6.4

Texas.................................................... 54,072 49,676 50,672 51,814 53,108 46,843 8.8 .4 1.6

Utah...................................................... 27,424 28,021 25,075 23,526 23,164 20,843 −2.1 4.3 3.1

Virginia ................................................ 37,733 39,042 42,150 46,156 49,415 45,065 −3.3 −6.5 −1.9

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 197,230 185,825 182,964 173,913 179,697 143,658 6.1 2.3 3.6

Northern ............................................ 49,534 51,124 53,792 54,445 56,981 54,095 −3.1 −3.4 −1.0

Southern ............................................ 147,696 134,701 129,172 119,468 122,716 89,563 9.6 4.7 5.7

Wyoming ............................................. 318,338 305,888 291,248 252,084 229,801 224,506 4.1 8.5 3.9

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 512,618 500,664 522,147 507,927 511,239 463,708 2.4 .1 1.1

Interior Total2 ................................... 188,385 186,329 203,116 204,968 213,225 222,826 1.1 −3.0 −1.8

Western Total2 .................................. 500,757 491,489 472,817 431,858 401,401 387,033 1.9 5.7 2.9

East of Miss. River............................ 640,372 630,341 667,333 653,767 661,000 625,465 1.6 −.8 .3

West of Miss. River........................... 561,387 548,141 530,746 490,986 464,865 448,102 2.4 4.8 2.5

U.S. Total............................................ 1,201,759 1,178,482 1,198,079 1,144,753 1,125,866 1,073,567 2.0 1.6 1.3

1 For 1987, Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1987, each mine’s daily productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide these data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 215 
Table B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 410 463 415 387 424 488 −11.5 −0.9 −1.9

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. 582 628 614 552 552 606 −7.3 1.3 −.4

Illinois .................................................. 808 800 874 965 1,088 1,298 1.0 −7.1 −5.1

Indiana ................................................. 350 294 276 344 367 467 19.3 −1.2 −3.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w 33 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,139 1,160 1,238 1,658 1,318 1,578 −1.8 −3.6 −3.5

Eastern .............................................. 742 692 734 1,222 866 1,011 7.3 −3.8 −3.4

Western ............................................. 396 468 505 436 452 566 −15.3 −3.2 −3.9

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 64 52 80 60 53 68 23.1 4.7 −.7

Missouri ............................................... 2 2 11 w w 140 13.1 w −36.4

Montana ............................................... 1,187 1,135 1,163 1,166 1,226 1,461 4.6 −.8 −2.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,303 1,343 1,322 1,336 1,356 1,413 −2.9 −1.0 −.9

North Dakota ....................................... 1,181 1,513 1,537 1,280 1,211 1,256 −21.9 −.6 −.7

Ohio ..................................................... 376 425 435 472 523 685 −11.4 −7.9 −6.4

Oklahoma............................................. 17 17 39 42 44 45 −1.3 −21.1 −10.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 722 668 828 852 850 1,242 8.1 −4.0 −5.8

Anthracite.......................................... 81 45 34 59 64 55 81.4 6.3 4.5

Bituminous........................................ 641 623 794 793 787 1,187 2.8 −5.0 −6.6

Tennessee............................................. 54 62 38 27 39 93 −12.9 8.3 −6.0

Texas.................................................... 797 853 931 1,002 1,078 1,102 −6.5 −7.3 −3.5

Utah...................................................... 258 340 384 405 443 444 −24.1 −12.6 −5.8

Virginia ................................................ 171 184 215 305 332 460 −7.3 −15.3 −10.4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,570 1,571 1,660 1,752 1,853 2,311 * −4.0 −4.2

Northern ............................................ 673 709 781 747 871 1,153 −5.2 −6.3 −5.8

Southern ............................................ 898 861 879 1,005 982 1,158 4.3 −2.2 −2.8

Wyoming ............................................. 5,980 6,100 6,350 6,197 6,124 5,984 −2.0 −.6 *

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,110 4,117 4,404 5,076 4,941 6,358 −.2 −4.5 −4.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,501 2,572 2,784 2,994 3,228 3,815 −2.8 −6.2 −4.6

Western Total1 .................................. 11,014 11,550 11,878 11,466 11,450 11,818 −4.6 −1.0 −.8

East of Miss. River............................ 5,665 5,679 6,059 6,822 6,848 8,690 −.2 −4.6 −4.6

West of Miss. River........................... 11,960 12,560 13,007 12,715 12,772 13,302 −4.8 −1.6 −1.2

U.S. Total............................................ 17,625 18,239 19,066 19,536 19,620 21,991 −3.4 −2.6 −2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

216 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1987, 1992-1996

(Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Origin 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... 1,300,730 1,219,813 1,137,082 955,786 926,102 498,312 6.6 8.9 11.2

Canada .............................................. 1,294,100 1,197,249 1,136,881 953,696 926,102 459,727 8.1 8.7 12.2

Guatemala ......................................... − − − 4 − − −− −

Mexico .............................................. 6,630 196 201 2,086 − 38,585 NM − −17.8

Netherlands Antilles ......................... − 22,368 − −− −−100.0 − −

South America Total......................... 3,619,341 4,157,892 4,463,532 4,912,696 2,088,277 895,361 −12.9 14.7 16.8

Colombia........................................... 2,292,279 2,482,908 3,075,043 3,734,915 1,599,502 868,084 −7.7 9.4 11.4

Venezuela.......................................... 1,327,062 1,674,984 1,388,489 1,177,781 488,775 27,277 −20.8 28.4 54.0

Europe Total ...................................... 2,369 474 36 56 81 218 399.8 132.5 30.3

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 2,243 − − −− − − − −

Denmark ............................................ − 214 − 54 − −−100.0 − −

Poland ............................................... − − 36 2 − − −− −

Spain ................................................. 90 − − −− 40 − − 9.4

Turkey ............................................... 36 − − −− − − − −

United Kingdom ............................... − 260 − − 81 178 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 1,392,520 923,980 1,046,493 642,359 338,513 − 50.7 42.4 −

China (Mainland).............................. − 48 101 − 258 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Hong Kong ....................................... 1 −−− 1 −− − −

India .................................................. − − − − 60,014 − − −100.0 −

Indonesia........................................... 1,392,517 923,908 1,025,543 642,359 229,779 − 50.7 56.9 −

Japan ................................................. 2 24 1 −− − −91.7 − −

Malaysia............................................ − − − − 48,461 − − −100.0 −

Vietnam............................................. − − 20,848 −− − −− −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 149,498 230,554 91,002 95,664 91,613 191,088 −35.1 13.0 −2.7

Australia............................................ 149,498 192,054 83,646 90,787 91,613 191,088 −22.1 13.0 −2.7

New Zealand..................................... − 38,500 7,356 4,877 − −−100.0 − −

Africa Total........................................ − − 141,931 23,967 5,227 − − −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − 135,849 18,433 5,227 −− −100.0 −

Swaziland.......................................... − − 6,082 5,534 − − −− −

Total .................................................... 6,464,458 6,532,713 6,880,076 6,630,528 3,449,813 1,584,979 −1.0 17.0 16.9

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 217 
Table B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Metric Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... 2.00 2.03 2.04 2.14 2.26 1.79 −1.6 −3.0 1.3

Alaska .................................................. 6.18 6.77 6.30 6.71 6.29 6.21 −8.8 −.4 *

Arizona ................................................ 5.72 5.75 6.08 5.63 5.71 6.13 −.6 * −.8

Arkansas .............................................. − 1.33 1.38 1.26 1.52 1.64 −100.0 − −

California ............................................. − − − − 10.09 4.71 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 6.64 5.57 5.62 5.30 4.78 3.83 19.2 8.5 6.3

Illinois .................................................. 3.79 3.51 3.26 2.93 3.10 2.29 8.2 5.2 5.8

Indiana ................................................. 4.52 4.24 3.88 4.04 3.71 3.24 6.4 5.0 3.8

Iowa ..................................................... − − 1.38 .65 1.03 1.27 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 1.97 2.01 1.75 2.09 2.00 3.40 −2.4 −.5 −5.9

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.45 3.24 2.95 2.94 2.90 2.44 6.6 4.4 3.9

Eastern .............................................. 3.34 3.14 2.94 2.88 2.82 2.35 6.1 4.3 4.0

Western ............................................. 3.89 3.60 2.97 3.16 3.17 2.70 7.9 5.3 4.1

Louisiana.............................................. 9.86 12.02 11.79 11.02 11.27 13.84 −18.0 −3.3 −3.7

Maryland.............................................. 3.74 3.46 3.34 3.10 2.64 3.07 8.2 9.1 2.2

Missouri ............................................... 3.16 2.31 3.26 1.67 2.81 2.07 36.9 3.0 4.8

Montana ............................................... 19.85 19.10 19.89 17.68 18.29 16.96 3.9 2.1 1.8

New Mexico ........................................ 7.66 6.27 6.14 6.06 6.06 5.21 22.1 6.0 4.4

North Dakota ....................................... 15.61 15.24 17.09 16.02 16.43 12.21 2.4 −1.3 2.8

Ohio ..................................................... 3.59 3.29 3.10 3.14 2.76 2.07 9.1 6.8 6.3

Oklahoma............................................. 2.37 2.69 2.43 2.54 1.97 1.72 −12.1 4.7 3.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.05 2.93 2.71 2.54 2.43 1.79 4.1 5.9 6.1

Anthracite.......................................... 1.74 1.89 1.75 1.68 1.21 1.03 −8.0 9.5 6.0

Bituminous........................................ 3.23 3.06 2.82 2.64 2.55 1.85 5.4 6.0 6.3

Tennessee............................................. 1.99 2.14 2.03 2.24 1.98 1.52 −6.8 .1 3.1

Texas.................................................... 9.19 8.25 8.00 7.63 6.66 5.85 11.3 8.4 5.1

Utah...................................................... 6.56 6.37 5.98 5.41 4.96 3.50 3.0 7.2 7.2

Virginia ................................................ 2.46 2.27 2.28 2.18 2.15 1.89 8.4 3.5 3.0

Washington .......................................... 3.60 3.67 3.73 3.62 4.09 2.78 −1.8 −3.1 2.9

West Virginia Total............................. 3.55 3.40 3.35 2.97 2.97 2.24 4.4 4.5 5.3

Northern ............................................ 3.68 3.38 3.29 2.70 2.88 2.37 8.9 6.3 5.0

Southern ............................................ 3.50 3.40 3.37 3.07 3.01 2.16 2.8 3.8 5.5

Wyoming ............................................. 29.08 27.27 23.63 22.19 19.50 16.25 6.6 10.5 6.7

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.16 3.01 2.90 2.73 2.67 2.09 4.8 4.3 4.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.89 4.51 4.02 4.01 3.79 3.02 8.4 6.6 5.5

Western Total1 .................................. 15.79 14.22 13.23 12.27 11.55 9.45 11.0 8.1 5.9

East of Miss. River............................ 3.30 3.13 2.98 2.82 2.78 2.19 5.3 4.3 4.6

West of Miss. River........................... 14.21 12.87 11.99 11.01 10.01 7.92 10.4 9.2 6.7

U.S. Total............................................ 5.16 4.88 4.51 4.26 3.96 2.99 5.8 6.9 6.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

218 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 6,372 6,043 5,945 5,883 6,620 6,139 5.4 −0.9 0.4

Connecticut ....................................... 845 822 782 715 770 739 2.7 2.3 1.5

Maine ................................................ 212 256 421 407 777 247 −17.0 −27.7 −1.7

Massachusetts ................................... 4,062 3,732 3,567 3,457 3,862 4,071 8.8 1.3 *

New Hampshire ................................ 1,249 1,229 1,167 1,295 1,189 1,067 1.6 1.2 1.8

Rhode Island..................................... 3 2 3 3 4 4 21.1 −9.6 −3.9

Vermont ............................................ 2 3 4 5 18 11 −38.2 −45.8 −19.8

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 64,379 62,108 61,268 63,856 64,790 63,695 3.6 −.1 .1

New Jersey........................................ 2,179 1,881 1,786 2,135 2,130 3,116 15.8 .6 −3.9

New York ......................................... 10,284 10,036 10,409 10,776 11,790 10,407 2.5 −3.3 −.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 51,915 50,191 49,073 50,945 50,870 50,172 3.4 .5 .4

East North Central Total ................. 207,746 197,496 193,401 191,082 182,035 183,100 5.2 3.3 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 40,307 35,946 35,450 34,595 28,667 32,279 12.1 8.9 2.5

Indiana .............................................. 58,079 56,818 54,427 54,751 53,310 46,616 2.2 2.2 2.5

Michigan ........................................... 33,288 32,479 32,363 29,226 28,626 32,536 2.5 3.8 .3

Ohio .................................................. 54,282 51,328 51,447 53,552 53,225 53,841 5.8 .5 .1

Wisconsin.......................................... 21,790 20,925 19,714 18,957 18,208 17,828 4.1 4.6 2.3

West North Central Total ................ 123,961 118,867 113,935 109,715 104,785 92,169 4.3 4.3 3.3

Iowa .................................................. 19,206 18,721 17,546 17,407 16,322 13,781 2.6 4.1 3.8

Kansas............................................... 17,313 14,987 15,566 15,772 12,906 13,784 15.5 7.6 2.6

Minnesota.......................................... 17,476 17,189 16,991 16,620 15,354 13,158 1.7 3.3 3.2

Missouri ............................................ 31,191 28,806 25,096 21,211 22,843 22,465 8.3 8.1 3.7

Nebraska ........................................... 9,415 9,431 8,437 8,769 7,450 6,118 −.2 6.0 4.9

North Dakota .................................... 27,679 27,431 27,545 27,490 27,488 21,864 .9 .2 2.6

South Dakota .................................... 1,680 2,302 2,754 2,445 2,422 998 −27.0 −8.7 5.9

South Atlantic Total.......................... 150,180 140,849 137,833 136,604 130,796 132,965 6.6 3.5 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,775 1,825 2,020 2,219 1,605 2,458 −2.7 2.5 −3.5

District of Columbia......................... 21 5 43 46 46 63 309.0 −17.6 −11.5

Florida............................................... 25,803 24,064 23,661 23,977 23,921 21,450 7.2 1.9 2.1

Georgia.............................................. 28,266 28,384 26,539 24,567 23,116 26,423 −.4 5.1 .8

Maryland........................................... 10,311 10,159 9,518 9,315 8,811 10,261 1.5 4.0 *

North Carolina .................................. 25,060 21,849 21,121 23,369 21,840 18,112 14.7 3.5 3.7

South Carolina .................................. 12,566 11,139 11,787 11,715 10,238 10,615 12.8 5.3 1.9

Virginia ............................................. 13,592 12,136 11,605 12,323 12,173 11,999 12.0 2.8 1.4

West Virginia.................................... 32,785 31,288 31,540 29,072 29,047 31,584 4.8 3.1 .4

East South Central Total.................. 100,199 96,008 90,074 94,371 85,097 80,016 4.4 4.2 2.5

Alabama ............................................ 33,613 31,124 28,552 29,980 28,585 24,160 8.0 4.1 3.7

Kentucky........................................... 37,070 35,849 34,555 35,467 31,483 29,050 3.4 4.2 2.7

Mississippi ........................................ 5,254 4,178 3,887 3,656 3,161 4,396 25.7 13.5 2.0

Tennessee.......................................... 24,262 24,856 23,079 25,268 21,868 22,409 −2.4 2.6 .9

West South Central Total ................ 132,877 126,195 125,419 127,729 122,660 107,816 5.3 2.0 2.3

Arkansas............................................ 13,441 12,284 11,427 10,384 11,374 10,946 9.4 4.3 2.3

Louisiana........................................... 11,371 12,118 12,791 12,407 12,405 9,426 −6.2 −2.1 2.1

Oklahoma.......................................... 18,257 17,777 16,080 17,115 15,812 12,225 2.7 3.7 4.5

Texas................................................. 89,809 84,017 85,121 87,823 83,069 75,219 6.9 2.0 2.0

Mountain Total.................................. 97,274 97,906 104,957 100,401 101,752 85,390 −.6 −1.1 1.4

Arizona.............................................. 15,234 15,134 17,763 17,228 16,252 12,134 .6 −1.6 2.6

Colorado............................................ 15,623 15,395 15,853 15,485 15,146 13,614 1.5 .8 1.5

Idaho ................................................. 360 421 484 479 485 448 −14.5 −7.2 −2.4

Montana ............................................ 7,286 9,076 10,060 8,389 10,015 7,012 −19.7 −7.6 .4

Nevada .............................................. 6,898 6,659 7,229 7,081 7,338 6,278 3.6 −1.5 1.0

New Mexico ..................................... 13,877 13,809 13,947 13,619 13,455 13,059 .5 .8 .7

Utah................................................... 13,823 13,886 14,711 14,377 14,260 10,711 −.4 −.8 2.9

Wyoming .......................................... 24,173 23,526 24,910 23,742 24,801 22,134 2.8 −.6 1.0

Pacific Total ....................................... 9,079 8,081 11,034 10,362 11,055 7,524 12.3 −4.8 2.1

Alaska ............................................... 640 740 722 783 718 249 −13.4 −2.8 11.1

California .......................................... 2,102 2,375 2,266 2,226 2,559 1,754 −11.5 −4.8 2.0

Hawaii............................................... 154 174 78 66 42 57 −11.6 37.9 11.6

Oregon .............................................. 1,029 1,020 2,249 1,904 1,927 186 .8 −14.5 20.9

Washington ....................................... 5,155 3,772 5,718 5,383 5,808 5,279 36.6 −2.9 −.3

U.S. Total............................................ 892,066 853,552 843,865 840,003 809,591 759,187 4.5 2.4 1.8

* Data round to zero.

Note: U.S. Total does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 219 
Table B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ 1,177 879 1,013 897 1,137 958 33.9 0.9 2.3

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 9,887 11,253 12,762 12,755 17,678 17,779 −12.1 −13.5 −6.3

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,037 9,346 10,940 11,127 14,493 14,624 −14.0 −13.7 −6.4

East North Central Total ................. 27,962 30,679 32,507 27,363 39,609 47,024 −8.8 −8.3 −5.6

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 7,219 8,435 10,620 7,074 11,347 13,606 −14.4 −10.7 −6.8

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 4,927 5,385 7,090 6,922 9,801 10,128 −8.5 −15.8 −7.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,044 3,317 wwww 21.9 w w

West North Central Total ................ 16,634 16,976 wwww −2.0 w w

Iowa .................................................. 4,186 4,034 3,790 3,465 4,406 4,621 3.8 −1.3 −1.1

Kansas............................................... 2,709 3,501 2,380 1,836 2,503 3,018 −22.6 2.0 −1.2

Minnesota.......................................... 1,577 1,800 2,026 1,134 2,043 3,109 −12.4 −6.3 −7.3

Missouri ............................................ 4,826 4,335 wwww 11.3 w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 17,766 17,878 22,160 17,320 26,565 29,066 −.6 −9.6 −5.3

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 3,120 2,965 3,550 3,212 3,739 2,992 5.3 −4.4 .5

Georgia.............................................. 3,491 3,435 4,394 2,655 4,387 6,089 1.6 −5.5 −6.0

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 2,424 2,590 3,917 2,776 4,277 4,349 −6.4 −13.2 −6.3

South Carolina .................................. 1,976 1,990 2,298 1,717 2,223 2,156 −.7 −2.9 −1.0

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 8,447 9,925 10,221 8,416 13,063 17,757 −14.9 −10.3 −7.9

Alabama ............................................ 2,594 3,310 3,748 2,538 4,109 4,547 −21.6 −10.8 −6.0

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 1,362 1,709 wwww −20.3 w w

West South Central Total ................ 18,048 18,656 14,478 13,703 w w −3.3 w w

Arkansas............................................ 2,468 2,558 1,612 1,706 1,444 2,140 −3.5 14.3 1.6

Louisiana........................................... 2,251 2,422 1,744 1,814 1,592 2,559 −7.0 9.0 −1.4

Oklahoma.......................................... 3,821 3,852 2,238 1,862 2,867 3,436 −.8 7.4 1.2

Texas................................................. 9,508 9,824 8,884 8,320 w w −3.2 w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 1,837 2,751 2,941 3,372 3,263 3,483 −33.2 −13.4 −6.9

Colorado............................................ 2,773 3,340 2,853 3,133 3,120 w −17.0 −2.9 w

Idaho ................................................. 70 107 71 78 92 105 −34.4 −6.5 −4.4

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 2,058 2,664 2,316 1,670 2,034 2,601 −22.7 .3 −2.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,156 2,346 796 833 1,387 1,334 −50.7 −4.4 −1.6

Alaska ............................................... 1 1 2 4 w w − w w

California .......................................... 136 121 114 84 99 157 12.4 8.3 −1.6

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 778 1,786 516 416 667 618 −56.4 3.9 2.6

U.S. Total............................................ 111,606 122,142 123,504 109,278 148,499 168,246 −8.6 −6.9 −4.4

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

220 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... 12,346 9,444 8,623 8,363 13,908 14,936 30.7 −2.9 −2.1

Canada1 ............................................ 10,912 8,552 8,340 8,064 13,734 14,721 27.6 −5.6 −3.3

Jamaica.............................................. 22 75 23 26 24 − −71.1 −2.9 −

Mexico .............................................. 1,369 790 218 226 70 96 73.3 110.6 34.3

Other2 ............................................... 44 27 41 47 80 120 62.5 −13.8 −10.5

South America Total......................... 6,808 6,321 5,394 5,216 6,141 6,096 7.7 2.6 1.2

Argentina .......................................... 276 310 411 476 304 679 −11.1 −2.4 −9.5

Brazil................................................. 5,933 5,761 4,973 4,715 5,778 5,289 3.0 .7 1.3

Chile.................................................. 521 206 * * 25 85 152.9 114.5 22.4

Other2 ............................................... 79 44 11 25 34 44 78.2 23.7 6.8

Europe Total ...................................... 42,813 44,107 32,500 34,088 51,941 30,989 −2.9 −4.7 3.6

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 4,145 4,084 4,455 4,744 6,528 4,153 1.5 −10.7 *

Bulgaria............................................. 1,258 1,214 1,123 822 546 − 3.6 23.2 −

Denmark............................................ 1,194 1,905 432 305 3,477 847 −37.3 −23.4 3.9

Finland .............................................. 638 1,187 342 229 186 156 −46.2 36.1 17.0

France................................................ 3,495 3,319 2,608 3,603 7,312 2,618 5.3 −16.8 3.3

Germany, FR .................................... 957 1,772 293 461 910 433 −46.0 1.3 9.2

Ireland ............................................... 694 829 883 894 1,314 1,279 −16.3 −14.8 −6.6

Italy ................................................... 8,350 8,222 6,843 6,276 8,476 8,652 1.6 −.4 −.4

Netherlands ....................................... 6,403 6,624 4,421 5,046 8,299 3,713 −3.3 −6.3 6.2

Norway .............................................. 77 109 79 92 107 157 −29.2 −7.9 −7.6

Portugal............................................. 1,635 1,590 958 1,353 1,342 1,167 2.8 5.1 3.8

Romania ............................................ 1,372 1,800 1,409 653 683 996 −23.8 19.0 3.6

Spain ................................................. 3,713 4,221 3,748 3,687 4,114 2,227 −12.0 −2.5 5.8

Sweden .............................................. 970 1,014 636 668 1,057 606 −4.3 −2.1 5.4

Turkey............................................... 1,966 1,825 1,211 1,456 1,805 700 7.7 2.1 12.1

United Kingdom ............................... 5,621 4,288 3,051 3,730 5,076 2,348 31.1 2.6 10.2

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 59 − 71 659 807 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 324 47 7 * 49 129 NM 60.1 10.8

Asia Total ........................................... 16,311 17,323 16,290 17,690 18,633 18,330 −5.8 −3.3 −1.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,215 2,298 3,061 3,117 3,230 4,326 −3.6 −9.0 −7.2

Israel.................................................. 1,090 690 784 770 748 220 58.0 9.9 19.4

Japan ................................................. 9,551 10,693 9,215 10,776 11,162 10,054 −10.7 −3.8 −.6

Korea, Republic of ........................... 3,423 3,640 3,228 3,008 3,041 3,651 −6.0 3.0 −.7

Other2 ............................................... 32 2 3 20 454 79 NM −48.3 −9.3

Oceania & Australia Total............... 1 * * 1 * 1 322.4 31.6 −6.0

Other2 ............................................... 1 * * 1 * 1 322.4 31.6 −6.0

Africa Total........................................ 3,796 3,133 1,927 2,245 2,378 1,865 21.2 12.4 8.2

Algeria .............................................. 160 200 322 371 555 826 −19.8 −26.7 −16.6

Egypt................................................. 941 1,120 951 788 770 424 −16.0 5.2 9.3

Morocco ............................................ 1,497 1,099 76 533 668 457 36.2 22.3 14.1

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 1,197 713 578 515 385 56 67.9 32.8 40.5

Other2 ............................................... − − − 38 − 103 − −−100.0

Total .................................................... 82,075 80,329 64,735 67,603 93,001 72,219 2.2 −3.1 1.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons (45,359 metric tons) in 1995.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 221 
Table B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change State and Region 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Alabama............................................... $43.52 $42.38 $44.22 $46.67 $45.00 $45.66 2.7 −0.8 −0.5

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − w w w w w w w w

California ............................................. − − − − w ww w w

Colorado .............................................. $19.77 $21.23 $21.78 $22.44 $23.51 $25.99 −6.9 −4.2 −3.0

Illinois .................................................. 25.07 25.41 25.50 27.86 30.49 32.59 −1.3 −4.8 −2.9

Indiana ................................................. 22.31 23.93 24.56 25.23 25.81 27.09 −6.8 −3.6 −2.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − w w w 28.54 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 27.05 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $26.36 $27.33 $27.42 $27.31 $27.01 28.83 −3.6 −.6 −1.0

Eastern .............................................. 27.54 28.66 27.83 28.11 27.55 29.45 −3.9 * −.7

Western ............................................. 22.47 22.88 26.05 24.64 25.46 27.20 −1.8 −3.1 −2.1

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $26.90 $27.22 $29.04 $27.79 $27.99 $26.79 −1.2 −1.0 *

Missouri ............................................... 25.70 20.84 24.01 w w 31.87 23.3 w −2.4

Montana ............................................... 10.98 10.61 11.46 $12.18 $11.24 13.70 3.5 −.6 −2.4

New Mexico ........................................ 27.18 26.24 25.68 25.31 25.51 24.01 3.6 1.6 1.4

North Dakota ....................................... 8.83 8.81 8.40 8.41 8.25 8.72 .2 1.7 .1

Ohio ..................................................... 27.39 28.62 32.11 30.91 29.69 33.95 −4.3 −2.0 −2.3

Oklahoma............................................. 29.25 26.60 28.18 27.46 28.40 35.08 9.9 .7 −2.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 28.42 29.52 28.86 29.21 31.53 32.85 −3.7 −2.6 −1.6

Anthracite.......................................... 40.54 43.85 39.76 36.31 37.74 48.11 −7.5 1.8 −1.9

Bituminous........................................ 27.54 28.41 28.05 28.70 31.24 32.14 −3.0 −3.1 −1.7

Tennessee............................................. 30.63 29.70 29.95 30.01 29.88 30.48 3.1 .6 *

Texas.................................................... 13.41 13.41 13.65 14.19 13.69 13.33 * −.5 .1

Utah...................................................... 23.85 21.06 21.24 22.94 23.27 28.33 13.3 .6 −1.9

Virginia ................................................ 31.36 31.38 29.59 29.55 30.37 30.23 −.1 .8 .4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $29.30 $29.96 $30.23 $30.40 $31.03 $32.13 −2.2 −1.4 −1.0

Northern ............................................ 27.41 27.46 29.51 30.96 32.00 31.60 −.2 −3.8 −1.6

Southern ............................................ 30.00 30.94 30.54 30.20 30.60 32.45 −3.1 −.5 −.9

Wyoming ............................................. 7.06 7.25 7.53 8.06 8.97 10.80 −2.6 −5.8 −4.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 29.52 30.25 30.16 30.47 30.81 32.19 −2.4 −1.1 −.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 20.29 20.73 21.90 22.08 23.82 25.38 −2.1 −3.9 −2.4

Western Total1 .................................. 11.06 11.19 11.65 12.28 12.78 14.60 −1.1 −3.5 −3.0

East of Miss. River............................ 28.33 29.04 29.15 29.56 30.13 31.54 −2.5 −1.5 −1.2

West of Miss. River........................... 11.46 11.56 12.03 12.68 13.21 14.93 −.8 −3.5 −2.9

U.S. Total............................................ 20.39 20.76 21.40 21.88 23.18 25.43 −1.8 −3.1 −2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

222 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ $48.01 $47.78 $47.19 $47.78 $49.76 $51.76 0.5 −0.9 −0.8

Connecticut ....................................... 55.17 54.37 51.20 49.38 56.55 70.06 1.5 −.6 −2.6

Massachusetts ................................... 47.00 47.00 47.40 47.83 48.62 46.71 * −.8 .1

New Hampshire ................................ 46.55 45.93 43.72 46.73 49.26 56.73 1.3 −1.4 −2.2

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 38.67 38.17 40.04 40.41 41.41 40.34 1.3 −1.7 −.5

New Jersey........................................ 50.18 52.00 53.45 52.36 51.39 51.59 −3.5 −.6 −.3

New York ......................................... 40.95 40.63 41.49 42.58 42.57 43.49 .8 −1.0 −.7

Pennsylvania ..................................... 37.55 36.91 39.01 39.39 40.58 39.05 1.7 −1.9 −.4

East North Central Total ................. 31.18 32.70 33.69 34.15 35.33 40.37 −4.6 −3.1 −2.8

Illinois ............................................... 35.43 35.91 36.04 38.92 40.85 47.18 −1.3 −3.5 −3.1

Indiana .............................................. 27.20 28.59 29.54 29.47 30.75 35.19 −4.9 −3.0 −2.8

Michigan ........................................... 32.34 34.12 36.26 36.57 37.73 44.70 −5.2 −3.8 −3.5

Ohio .................................................. 35.61 37.96 38.25 37.54 37.92 40.95 −6.2 −1.5 −1.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 21.55 23.40 25.50 25.31 28.57 31.25 −7.9 −6.8 −4.0

West North Central Total ................ 17.12 17.75 18.47 18.60 20.86 23.40 −3.6 −4.8 −3.4

Iowa .................................................. 17.96 18.88 19.17 19.32 21.58 25.15 −4.8 −4.5 −3.7

Kansas............................................... 19.30 19.66 19.68 19.49 23.14 24.49 −1.8 −4.4 −2.6

Minnesota.......................................... 20.94 22.18 22.14 22.12 23.10 23.24 −5.6 −2.4 −1.1

Missouri ............................................ 19.08 20.00 23.58 26.90 30.39 33.02 −4.6 −11.0 −5.9

Nebraska ........................................... 13.64 14.18 14.45 14.24 14.07 17.92 −3.8 −.8 −3.0

North Dakota .................................... 10.71 10.64 10.23 10.34 10.42 11.53 .7 .7 −.8

South Dakota .................................... 18.67 15.82 14.44 14.66 15.07 16.48 18.0 5.5 1.4

South Atlantic Total.......................... 40.43 42.17 43.57 44.98 45.50 45.75 −4.1 −2.9 −1.4

Delaware ........................................... 45.76 46.60 46.28 48.53 49.95 52.18 −1.8 −2.2 −1.4

Florida............................................... 46.74 48.42 48.18 48.04 49.63 49.58 −3.5 −1.5 −.6

Georgia.............................................. 40.28 42.57 43.89 47.72 47.80 48.02 −5.4 −4.2 −1.9

Maryland........................................... 42.43 42.99 43.92 44.95 44.84 44.06 −1.3 −1.4 −.4

North Carolina .................................. 40.65 44.72 46.04 46.69 47.40 49.51 −9.1 −3.8 −2.2

South Carolina .................................. 41.38 42.83 43.92 44.28 43.14 48.51 −3.4 −1.0 −1.8

Virginia ............................................. 39.38 40.68 40.84 41.41 41.67 44.66 −3.2 −1.4 −1.4

West Virginia.................................... 34.09 34.84 38.25 39.05 40.65 74.31 −2.1 −4.3 −101.5

East South Central Total.................. 32.35 33.16 35.75 36.71 36.43 39.62 −2.4 −2.9 −2.2

Alabama ............................................ 40.11 40.78 44.55 46.91 45.93 51.86 −1.6 −3.3 −2.8

Kentucky........................................... 26.93 28.34 29.94 30.08 29.77 31.90 −5.0 −2.5 −1.9

Mississippi ........................................ 36.71 37.92 39.18 44.66 44.02 54.63 −3.2 −4.4 −4.3

Tennessee.......................................... 30.46 30.80 33.75 34.11 34.18 36.09 −1.1 −2.8 −1.9

West South Central Total ................ 22.19 22.78 22.91 24.40 24.86 26.37 −2.6 −2.8 −1.9

Arkansas............................................ 28.83 30.85 30.76 32.52 31.79 29.70 −6.5 −2.4 −.3

Louisiana........................................... 27.27 27.70 27.61 28.27 27.48 29.58 −1.5 −.2 −.9

Oklahoma.......................................... 18.51 18.74 19.29 23.50 23.66 30.38 −1.2 −5.9 −5.3

Texas................................................. 21.24 21.66 21.86 23.05 23.79 24.78 −1.9 −2.8 −1.7

Mountain Total.................................. 24.05 23.71 24.07 24.37 23.85 24.26 1.5 .2 −.1

Arizona.............................................. 32.57 31.59 31.15 30.63 31.20 30.38 3.1 1.1 .8

Colorado............................................ 22.31 22.85 23.16 23.80 23.88 24.26 −2.4 −1.7 −.9

Montana ............................................ 13.12 12.64 12.99 12.98 13.38 12.26 3.8 −.5 .7

Nevada .............................................. 33.55 31.99 35.68 35.64 35.63 34.48 4.9 −1.5 −.3

New Mexico ..................................... 28.71 28.21 28.08 27.12 26.27 24.11 1.8 2.2 2.0

Utah................................................... 27.18 27.85 28.77 30.13 30.35 32.07 −2.4 −2.7 −1.8

Wyoming .......................................... 15.76 15.75 15.53 15.47 14.79 16.83 .1 1.6 −.7

Pacific Total ....................................... 26.42 25.16 24.18 23.75 24.44 29.56 5.0 2.0 −1.2

Oregon .............................................. 20.73 20.72 21.14 21.77 23.40 26.22 .1 −3.0 −2.6

Washington ....................................... 27.46 26.17 25.27 24.35 24.78 29.85 4.9 2.6 −.9

U.S. Total............................................ 29.16 29.77 30.89 31.51 32.36 35.09 −2.1 −2.6 −2.0

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 223 
Table B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census

Division and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

New England Total............................ $63.22 $62.72 $61.44 $63.75 $72.43 $65.29 0.8 −3.3 −0.3

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 44.21 46.19 46.52 46.47 48.44 48.66 −4.3 −2.3 −1.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 37.30 37.56 37.10 37.53 39.35 40.36 −.7 −1.3 −.9

East North Central Total ................. 37.96 38.45 38.27 38.07 38.64 39.38 −1.3 −.4 −.4

Illinois ............................................... 32.72 32.00 32.11 32.43 32.23 36.54 2.3 .4 −1.2

Indiana .............................................. 35.01 36.53 34.56 34.07 34.81 34.11 −4.2 .1 .3

Michigan ........................................... 45.50 45.39 45.42 45.70 46.49 47.49 .2 −.5 −.5

Ohio .................................................. 38.89 38.78 39.40 38.38 38.84 37.46 .3 * .4

Wisconsin.......................................... 44.12 44.32 45.45 45.02 46.60 48.49 −.4 −1.3 −1.0

West North Central Total ................ 21.00 20.86 20.52 19.84 19.57 19.42 .6 1.8 .9

Iowa .................................................. 32.32 32.23 31.44 30.87 29.94 38.44 .3 1.9 −1.9

Kansas............................................... 35.78 35.74 35.55 36.44 35.23 38.01 .1 .4 −.7

Minnesota.......................................... 31.80 37.92 39.31 39.47 39.27 41.23 −16.1 −5.1 −2.8

Missouri ............................................ 34.58 36.17 36.24 35.40 34.70 32.32 −4.4 −.1 .8

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 50.36 51.41 51.37 53.22 53.20 51.47 −2.0 −1.4 −.2

Georgia.............................................. 48.73 49.21 50.39 49.82 49.80 48.14 −1.0 −.5 .1

Maryland........................................... 35.85 34.90 35.47 35.47 36.18 35.68 2.7 −.2 *

North Carolina .................................. 47.80 47.72 48.08 47.89 47.91 48.26 .2 * −.1

South Carolina .................................. 48.59 47.58 48.32 47.78 47.74 46.99 2.1 .4 .4

Virginia ............................................. 47.96 46.85 45.82 45.49 45.16 42.90 2.4 1.5 1.2

West Virginia.................................... 36.78 37.05 36.07 36.28 35.20 34.60 −.7 1.1 .7

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 44.26 43.58 42.70 43.00 43.83 44.51 1.5 .2 −.1

Kentucky........................................... 48.52 48.60 47.64 46.63 48.26 47.53 −.2 .1 .2

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 38.82 39.33 38.96 39.04 39.16 39.11 −1.3 −.2 −.1

West South Central Total ................ 24.02 24.29 25.29 23.57 25.13 w −1.1 −1.1 w

Arkansas............................................ 47.67 47.97 48.81 48.57 49.18 49.81 −.6 −.8 −.5

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 45.54 w w w

Texas................................................. 20.93 20.68 21.54 19.38 19.99 21.16 1.2 1.1 −.1

Mountain Total.................................. 29.44 29.83 31.73 31.43 31.59 31.67 −1.3 −1.7 −.8

Arizona.............................................. 43.29 44.60 45.58 44.65 45.14 42.62 −2.9 −1.0 .2

Colorado............................................ 25.54 28.78 31.92 31.56 33.44 31.73 −11.2 −6.5 −2.4

Idaho ................................................. 40.11 37.60 36.76 36.13 36.70 38.62 6.7 2.2 .4

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 21.06 21.76 29.29 29.23 27.94 26.29 −3.2 −6.8 −2.4

Wyoming .......................................... 24.61 25.05 25.21 25.83 26.09 26.02 −1.8 −1.4 −.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 46.79 48.15 49.51 48.31 47.80 52.61 −2.8 −.5 −1.3

California .......................................... 43.58 45.32 47.83 47.25 46.35 53.61 −3.8 −1.5 −2.3

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 64.83 65.20 64.89 58.54 62.00 51.18 −.6 1.1 2.7

U.S. Total............................................ 35.63 35.74 35.88 35.53 36.14 37.15 −.3 −.3 −.5

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

224 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change

1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $49.79 $50.83 $50.98 $51.16 $51.25 $46.89 −2.0 −0.7 0.7

East North Central Total ................. 54.61 54.12 52.06 54.58 55.53 54.01 .9 −.4 .1

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 57.25 58.13 56.11 57.64 59.21 56.70 −1.5 −.8 .1

Michigan ........................................... w w w − − ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 49.58 46.50 46.32 49.68 51.45 50.75 6.6 −.9 −.3

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 54.42 53.38 52.31 52.36 52.70 50.59 1.9 .8 .8

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w − ww w

Utah................................................... w w w w w − ww w

U.S. Total............................................ 52.17 52.18 51.32 52.30 52.82 51.31 * −.3 .2

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 225 
Table B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Origin 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $38.46 $38.72 $33.96 $32.63 $32.58 $35.86 −0.7 4.2 0.8

Canada .............................................. 38.47 38.72 33.96 32.65 32.58 36.59 −.6 4.2 .5

Mexico .............................................. 36.85 − − 23.35 − 28.18 − − 3.0

South America Total......................... 34.44 36.11 31.97 30.46 36.42 36.33 −4.6 −1.4 −.6

Colombia........................................... 34.61 34.33 30.27 30.04 35.55 36.25 .8 −.7 −.5

Venezuela.......................................... 34.14 38.74 35.73 31.82 39.25 38.82 −11.9 −3.4 −1.4

Europe Total ...................................... − 28.27 − 35.65 37.49 31.57 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Denmark............................................ − − − 35.65 − −− − −

Spain ................................................. − − − − − 31.57 − −−100.0

United Kingdom ............................... − 28.27 − − 37.49 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Asia Total ........................................... 35.77 38.73 37.58 47.07 42.71 − −7.6 −4.3 −

India .................................................. − − − − 26.07 −− −100.0 −

Indonesia........................................... 35.77 38.73 37.26 47.07 45.13 − −7.6 −5.6 −

Malaysia............................................ − − − − 51.87 −− −100.0 −

Vietnam............................................. − − 53.00 − − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 36.83 37.00 34.35 34.79 39.76 29.94 −.5 −1.9 2.3

Australia............................................ 36.83 34.16 33.09 34.79 39.76 29.94 7.8 −1.9 2.3

New Zealand..................................... − 51.17 48.67 − − − −100.0 − −

Africa Total........................................ − − 27.92 30.66 54.33 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − 27.92 − 54.33 −− −100.0 −

Swaziland.......................................... − − − 30.66 − −− − −

Total1 .................................................. 35.46 36.97 33.08 32.46 36.19 35.37 −4.1 −.5 *

U.S. Total2.......................................... 36.87 37.62 33.30 32.94 36.88 35.32 −2.0 * .5

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $55 per short ton ($18.14 to $49.90 per metric ton), inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

226 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1987, 1992-1996

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1987 Change of Destination 1995-1996 1992-1996 1987-1996

North America Total......................... $36.48 $37.53 $35.73 $37.53 $36.43 $45.37 −2.8 * −2.4

Canada1 ............................................ 35.53 36.92 35.36 37.22 36.36 45.40 −3.8 −0.6 −2.7

Jamaica.............................................. 38.34 36.01 36.62 31.35 29.56 − 6.5 6.7 −

Mexico .............................................. 43.77 44.05 48.81 48.55 49.26 43.21 −.6 −2.9 .1

Other2 ............................................... 43.71 43.03 40.77 40.57 40.27 42.74 1.6 2.1 .2

South America Total......................... 48.29 47.90 46.61 48.25 50.15 48.53 .8 −.9 *

Argentina .......................................... 51.11 47.84 46.83 47.63 50.06 47.70 6.8 .5 .8

Brazil................................................. 49.25 48.37 46.59 48.32 50.23 48.57 1.8 −.5 .1

Chile.................................................. 35.69 34.94 38.12 51.59 52.23 50.67 2.1 −9.1 −3.8

Other2 ............................................... 43.19 47.87 45.04 43.50 34.38 56.09 −9.8 5.9 −2.9

Europe Total ...................................... 46.41 45.10 46.14 47.45 46.74 46.70 2.9 −.2 −.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 50.41 47.92 46.55 47.65 48.51 45.87 5.2 1.0 1.0

Bulgaria............................................. 48.79 48.54 46.40 46.25 45.97 − .5 1.5 −

Denmark............................................ 32.29 32.37 32.22 38.53 36.03 36.39 −.2 −2.7 −1.3

Finland .............................................. 46.42 43.51 45.34 43.66 44.99 45.32 6.7 .8 .3

France................................................ 49.53 48.19 48.76 46.56 43.46 47.53 2.8 3.3 .4

Germany, FR .................................... 45.28 38.57 49.97 42.97 42.19 46.03 17.4 1.8 −.2

Ireland ............................................... 41.17 39.76 37.28 39.51 40.57 48.04 3.6 .4 −1.7

Italy ................................................... 49.66 48.66 47.40 48.86 50.08 45.84 2.0 −.2 .9

Netherlands ....................................... 45.59 46.26 46.22 48.75 47.78 47.74 −1.4 −1.2 −.5

Norway.............................................. 62.89 62.19 60.16 58.95 55.25 52.10 1.1 3.3 2.1

Portugal............................................. 40.26 40.18 39.96 41.56 44.91 47.30 .2 −2.7 −1.8

Romania ............................................ 51.76 46.77 42.00 42.48 47.02 47.31 10.6 2.4 1.0

Spain ................................................. 41.41 38.30 44.23 47.02 46.24 48.27 8.1 −2.7 −1.7

Sweden.............................................. 52.36 53.14 50.22 50.66 51.44 47.77 −1.5 .4 1.0

Turkey............................................... 48.86 46.97 45.51 46.94 50.20 48.67 4.0 −.7 *

United Kingdom ............................... 42.88 45.11 49.67 50.64 50.26 48.78 −4.9 −3.9 −1.4

Yugoslavia, FR ................................. − 41.95 − 43.65 47.21 47.21 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Other2 ............................................... 41.92 61.67 42.04 44.91 46.17 47.28 −32.0 −2.4 −1.3

Asia Total ........................................... 43.62 43.10 42.58 44.63 47.02 47.81 1.2 −1.8 −1.0

China (Taiwan)................................. 40.63 40.73 42.60 43.53 45.45 44.03 −.2 −2.8 −.9

Israel.................................................. 40.12 39.45 36.63 38.35 43.11 40.30 1.7 −1.8 *

Japan ................................................. 43.44 43.14 42.47 44.88 47.30 50.28 .7 −2.1 −1.6

Korea, Republic of ........................... 47.10 45.17 44.35 46.43 49.53 45.78 4.3 −1.3 .3

Other2 ............................................... 53.89 33.52 41.05 48.75 40.85 59.84 60.8 7.2 −1.1

Oceania & Australia Total............... 44.89 43.82 44.04 37.99 38.08 42.00 2.4 4.2 .7

Other2 ............................................... 44.89 43.82 44.04 37.99 38.08 42.00 2.4 4.2 .7

Africa Total........................................ 48.90 47.47 48.05 46.90 47.37 45.55 3.0 .8 .8

Algeria .............................................. 55.37 52.69 47.66 48.85 51.10 48.20 5.1 2.0 1.5

Egypt................................................. 58.83 54.42 47.55 49.45 50.80 46.39 8.1 3.7 2.7

Morocco ............................................ 37.40 36.37 38.62 37.32 37.26 39.19 2.8 .1 −.5

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 54.61 52.23 50.34 51.67 52.68 53.18 4.6 .9 .3

Other2 ............................................... − − − 44.68 − 45.00 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 44.67 44.13 43.98 45.55 45.51 46.84 1.2 −.5 −.5

U.S. Total4.......................................... 44.93 44.39 44.02 45.65 45.57 47.15 1.2 −.3 −.5

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1995.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton ($18.14 to $54.43 per metric ton), inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 227 
Appendix C

References

Figure C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 229 
Coal-Producing Regions

Appalachian

Alabama, Georgia, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland,

Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West

Virginia.

Interior

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Western

Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas.

Western

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Table C1. Classification of Coals by Rank

230 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Coal Reports and Feature

Articles

Coal Reports

• Weekly Coal Production, DOE/EIA-0218 (97-35).

• Coal Data: A Reference, DOE/EIA-0064 (93),

February 1995.

• State Coal Profiles, DOE/EIA-0576, January

1994.

• Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121(97/1Q).

• The Changing Structure of the U.S. Coal Industry:

An Update, DOE/EIA-0513(93), July 1993.

• U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update

DOE/EIA-0529(95), August 1996.

• The U.S. Coal Industry, 1970-1990: Two Decades

of Change, DOA/EIA-0559, November 1992.

• Trends in Contract Coal Transportation,

1979-1987, DOE/EIA-0549, September 1991.

• Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226(97/09),

September 1997.

• Electric Power Annual, DOE/EIA-0348(96), Vol.

1, September 1997.

• Longwall Mining, DOE/EIA-TR-0588 March

1995.

• Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(97/07)

July 1997.

• Electric Utility Phase I Acid Rain Compliance

Strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments of

1990, DOE/EIA-0582, March 1994.

• Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility

Plants 1994, DOE/EIA-0191(94), July 1995.

Feature Articles

• "U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: 1996 Review,"

Mining Engineering, May 1997, Vol.49,No.5,

May 1997, pp.43-50.

• "Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal,"

Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/1Q),

August 1994.

• "Federal and Indian Coal Lands: A Growing

Source of Energy and Revenue," Coal Production

1992, DOE/EIA-0118(92), October 1993.

• "Coal Supply and Demand in 1993: A Review,

1993," Mining Engineering, May 1994,

pp.433-436.

• "Wyoming Coal: An Overview," Coal Production

1991, DOE/EIA-0118(91), October 1992.

• "Profile of New Coal Mines in the 1980's," Coal

Production 1990, DOE/EIA-0118), September

1991.

• "The Comparability of Resource and Reserve

Data for Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, and

Uranium," Quarterly Coal Report OctoberDecember 1994, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/4Q) May

1995.

• "Annual Review 1995: Coal Overview," Mining

Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1996, pp.

41-46.

• "Coal Geology, Reserves and Production in

Northern and Central Appalachia," Mining Engineering, Special Edition, December 1995.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 231 
Table C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal

(Million Btu per Short Ton)

 Coal Rank 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Sector

Anthracite

Production............................................................... 22.734 23.107 22.428 23.084 23.108 23.266 23.385

Consumption........................................................... 21.583 22.322 20.817 21.512 22.435 22.423 22.623

Non-electric utility users................................. 24.536 25.128 23.031 24.399 26.293 26.021 27.196

Electric utilities ............................................... 16.516 17.018 16.784 15.578 15.962 17.312 16.310

Imports and exports................................................ 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400

Bituminous Coal and Lignite

Production............................................................... 22.048 22.005 21.867 21.908 21.918 21.817 21.759

Consumption........................................................... 21.576 21.570 21.368 21.462 21.514 21.324 21.268

Residential and commercial............................ 22.438 22.406 22.568 22.669 22.800 23.135 22.917

Coke plants...................................................... 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800

Other industrial and

transportation ........................................... 22.680 22.525 22.013 22.185 22.360 22.341 22.324

Electric utilities ............................................... 21.141 21.108 20.965 21.091 21.143 20.905 20.854

Imports.................................................................... 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000

Exports.................................................................... 26.300 26.410 26.320 26.308 26.304 26.308 26.166

Coal Coke .................................................................. 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Anthracite

Production............................................................... 23.574 22.573 22.572 22.573 22.572 22.572 22.573

Consumption........................................................... 21.668 21.410 21.423 21.262 20.828 20.808 20.860

Non-electric utility users................................. 25.199 25.268 24.617 24.096 25.037 24.696 24.872

Electric utilities ............................................... 16.140 15.858 16.944 16.534 14.680 14.572 14.568

Imports and exports................................................ 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400

Bituminous Coal and Lignite

Production............................................................... 21.819 21.678 21.643 21.383 21.347 21.271 21.272

Consumption........................................................... 21.330 21.146 21.142 20.983 21.011 20.845 20.852

Residential and commercial............................ 22.678 22.635 22.768 22.749 22.683 22.767 22.785

Coke plants...................................................... 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800

Other industrial and

transportation ........................................... 22.444 22.448 22.242 22.111 22.046 21.931 21.887

Electric utilities ............................................... 20.935 20.761 20.792 20.644 20.681 20.502 20.509

Imports.................................................................... 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000

Exports.................................................................... 26.207 26.192 26.165 26.341 26.335 26.187 26.212

Coal Coke ................................................................. 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800

 Note: Values for 1996 are preliminary.

 Source: Calculated by Energy Information Administration. See Monthly Energy Review DOE/EIA-0035 Appendix A for detailed description.

232 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Appendix D

Explanatory Notes

Data Sources

All data in this report were collected by the Energy

Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department

of Energy (DOE), except: import and export data,

which were collected by the Bureau of the Census

(Census Bureau), U.S. Department of Commerce; supplemental export data which were collected by King's

Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee;

Federal and Indian land leasing data which were collected by the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau

of Land Management and Minerals Management

Service); and miner injury and fatality data which

were collected by the U.S. Department of Labor

(Mine Safety and Health Administration).

Coal Surveys

As early as the 1880's, the U.S. Geological Survey

began collecting coal data under a voluntary reporting

system. The responsibility for gathering this information was transferred to the Bureau of Mines in the

1920's, initially under the U.S. Department of Commerce and later under the U.S. Department of the

Interior, which published the data in its Minerals

Yearbook. Except for a brief period from 1937 to

1943, when bituminous coal data were collected under

the mandatory authority of the Bituminous Coal Act,

the Bureau of Mines continued to conduct voluntary

coal surveys until the Department of Energy was

created.

Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began

collecting annual coal production data on October 1,

1977. The 1995 coal production and identification

data in this report were collected on Form EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report," from companies that

produced, processed, or prepared coal in 1995. All

other data collected on Form EIA-7A are reported for

only those companies that owned a mining operation

that produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 short

tons or more of coal in 1995 and preparation plants

with 5,000 or more employee hours.

So that the EIA may fulfill its data collection functions as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), response to

this survey is mandatory. EIA compares respondents

to this survey with lists of mining operations maintained by various State coal mining/licensing agencies

and the Mine Safety and Health Administration

(MSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, to identify new

respondents. No sampling procedures are used. In

1995, there were 2,278 mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons of coal. Of these mining operations, 77.6 percent

(1,767) responded to the EIA-7A survey. In 1995,

there were 1,716 mines that produced 10,000 or more

short tons of coal. Of these mines, 70.2 percent

(1,205) responded to the EIA-7A survey; they

accounted for 987 million short tons, or 95.6 percent

of the 1995 production total. All of the data were collected by mail and were edited to ensure that they

were complete and accurate.

As in all surveys, data from Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," are subject to various sources of

error: (1) coverage (the list of respondents may not be

complete or, on the other hand, there may be double

counting), (2) nonresponse (all units that are surveyed

may not respond or may not provide all the information requested), (3) respondents (respondents may

commit errors in reporting the data), (4) processing

(the data collection agency may lose or incorrectly

transcribe the submissions), (5) concept (the data collection elements may not measure the items they were

intended to measure), and (6) adjustment (errors may

be made in estimating values for missing data).

Because the annual coal production survey (Form

EIA-7A) is not a sample survey, the estimates shown

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 233 
Table D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations

(Thousand Short Tons)

Received Generated Data Sources Total

Derived From

Coal-Producing Form EIA-7A Mine Safety and

State Health Administration Data Number of Production

Operations

 Number of Number of Production Production Operations Operations

Alabama ............................. 46 23,677 16 960 62 24,637

Alaska ................................. 1 1,481 − − 1 1,481

Arizona ............................... 3 10,442 − − 3 10,442

Arkansas ............................. − − 5 21 5 21

Colorado ............................. 17 24,757 1 129 18 24,886

Illinois ................................. 32 46,419 5 237 37 46,656

Indiana ................................ 40 29,667 1 3 41 29,670

Kansas ................................ 1 232 − − 1 232

Kentucky Total................... 484 139,045 223 13,379 707 152,425

Eastern ............................. 429 105,211 201 11,740 630 116,951

Western ............................ 55 33,835 22 1,639 77 35,474

Louisiana ............................ 2 3,221 − − 2 3,221

Maryland ............................ 14 4,058 5 35 19 4,093

Missouri .............................. 3 395 2 315 5 710

Montana .............................. 8 37,891 − − 8 37,891

New Mexico....................... 6 24,067 − − 6 24,067

North Dakota...................... 6 29,861 − − 6 29,861

Ohio .................................... 97 28,248 22 324 119 28,572

Oklahoma ........................... 10 1,687 2 14 12 1,701

Pennsylvania Total............. 304 64,094 205 3,847 509 67,942

Anthracite ........................ 78 3,342 91 1,409 169 4,751

Bituminous ...................... 226 60,752 114 2,438 340 63,190

Tennessee ........................... 31 3,581 7 69 38 3,651

Texas .................................. 13 55,164 − − 13 55,164

Utah .................................... 12 26,926 4 581 16 27,507

Virginia ............................... 159 29,862 91 5,727 250 35,590

Washington ......................... 3 4,565 − − 3 4,565

West Virginia Total ........... 361 158,182 162 12,251 523 170,433

Northern ........................... 91 45,136 36 774 127 45,910

Southern ........................... 270 113,046 126 11,476 396 124,523

Wyoming ............................ 27 278,440 − − 27 278,440

U.S. Total .......................... 1,680 1,025,964 751 37,892 2,431 1,063,856

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge production except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Number of mining operations includes preparation plants. All available State mining agency production data were reviewed, but none were included in this report because production data reported on Form EIA-7A to the Energy Information Administration and on Form 7000-1 to the Mine Safety and Health Administration were

found to be complete. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

in this report are not subject to sampling error. 1 It is

not possible to present estimates of nonsampling

error, but precautionary steps were taken at each stage

of the survey design to minimize the possible occurrence of these errors. These steps are described below.

The forms are logged within 24 hours of receipt and

assigned to a team of data editors consisting of Coal

Data Systems Branch personnel. The editors screen

the forms for legibility, completeness, and consistency. Names and address changes are updated in the

files. The reported data are compared with data from

previous years and with secondary sources such as

Mine Safety and Health Administration and State

mining agency reports. Inconsistencies are identified

and the respondents contacted for clarification. Computer edits are generated to identify keypunch errors,

errors made by coders, out-of-range codes, and

unlikely data combinations. Errors are corrected to

conform to the data on the submissions or revised

after telephone conversations with company representatives. All changes to reported data are documented.

EIA maintains data from the Form EIA-7A on an

automated database at its computing facility in

Washington, D.C. The survey forms are filed by EIA

identification number organized by State and county.

The survey forms were sent via regular mail in

January with a due date of March 1, 1996. Nonresponse letters were mailed March 8 to those mining

operations that had not submitted their forms. Subsequent to the letter, attempts were made to contact, by

telephone, those nonrespondents whose reported 1994

production was 100,000 short tons or more.

1 Sampling error is a measure of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than a complete enumeration of units is

surveyed. 

234 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Some forms could not be delivered. Where possible,

address corrections were obtained. Some mining operations that had reported in earlier surveys or operated

only in 1995 were no longer in business. Unobtainable

data were derived from a secondary source: the Form

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," collected by the Mine Safety and

Health Administration. Missing production quantity

data were derived from the secondary source for 585

mines, which produced 45 million short tons, or 4.4

percent of total production. The received and generated data sources for total U.S. coal production are

shown in Table D1. Of the mines whose production

exceeded 10,000 or more short tons, missing production quantity data were derived from the secondary

source for 511 mines, representing 4.3 percent (44.4

million short tons).

Since 1992, California has not reported coal production as the courts determined that the product

mined in that State did not meet the standard classification for coal.

Missing coalbed classification, coalbed thickness,

and coal rank/group data were estimated using State

mining agency production reports, geological data,

and previous years' reports for these mines.

When a mine had a missing production value, its production was multiplied by the county-level average

mine price to estimate the value. County-level average

mine prices were calculated by dividing the total

value for the appropriate disposition (open/captive)

and type of mining (underground or surface) by the

corresponding total production. All missing production was classified as open market unless information was available to classify it as captive. Of those

mines whose production was 10,000 or more short

tons, value data were estimated for 562 mines, representing 5.2 percent (53.8 million short tons) of the production total.

When an underground mine had unreported mining

method, it was assumed that the mining method was

conventional.

Employment data include direct labor hours, number

of production days worked, average length of a production shift, average number of miners per shift, and

average number of shifts per day. Of those mines

whose production exceeded 10,000 or more short tons,

one or more of these data elements were derived from

secondary sources or estimated for 532 mines representing 4.4 percent (45.2 million short tons) of their

production total. Of the mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons, one or more of these data elements were derived

from secondary sources or estimated for 868 mining

operations, or 38.1 percent of the total operations in

this category.

Missing direct labor hours were estimated using

county-level or State-level productivity-per-hour

averages. The averages were calculated by dividing

the total production at the county or State level by

total direct labor hours at the same level for the

appropriate type of mining (underground or surface).

The quantity of production for the mine with missing

data was divided by this productivity average to

derive direct labor hours.

Missing average number of production days worked 

and length of a production shift were derived by using

the corresponding county-level or State-level average

for the appropriate type of mining (underground or

surface).

Missing average number of miners per shift was estimated as the average number of miners working daily.

The average number of miners working daily was calculated by multiplying the average length of a production shift by the number of production days

worked, and then dividing this number into the total

direct labor hours.

Missing average number of shifts per day was estimated as one shift per day.

Missing recoverable coal reserves data were estimated by using the mine's 1994 recoverable reserves

minus the mine's 1995 production. If this calculation

could not be made, the mine's projected production

for 1996 was used. If recoverable coal reserves for

1994 and 1995 and projected production for 1996

were all missing, no estimate was made. In 1995,

recoverable reserves were reported by or estimated for

1,186 mines, representing 976.9 million short tons, or

69.1 percent of the mines whose production exceeded

10,000 or more short tons.

Missing recovery percentage data were estimated by

using 1995 recovery percentage averages at the State

level for the appropriate type of mining (underground

or surface).

Missing productive capacity data were estimated by

assuming productive capacity was equal to 1995 production. If productive capacity was reported as less

than annual production, productive capacity was

equated to 1995 production. There were 627 in-scope

mines with production of 177.8 million short tons for

which 1995 production was used as a proxy for productive capacity, resulting in 100 percent capacity

utilization.

These mines included the MSHA generated mines,

mines with productive capacity less than 1995 production, and mines that did not report productive

capacity and could not be contacted. If these mines

were excluded from the calculation of percent utilization, the U.S. total becomes 76.13 versus 79.40, when

those mines are included.

In 1995, there were 26 mines that produced 1.2

million short tons of refuse bituminous and

subbituminous coal. Those operations are not included

in this report. In 1995, there were 2.3 million short

tons of anthracite refuse produced and included in this

report. An additional 4 million short tons of anthracite

refuse was recovered and used by nonutility power

producers in Pennsylvania is not included in this

report.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 235 
In order to protect the confidentiality of individual

respondent's data, a policy was implemented to ensure

that the reporting of survey data on mine prices and

recoverable reserves in this publication would not

associate those data with a particular company. The

final phase in the data quality assurance and control

procedures is determining which data must be suppressed (withheld) during publication to provide the

necessary confidentiality for mines or companies that

represent a significant portion of a reported data cell.

All withholding analysis is done based upon production volumes. These procedures are performed as

follows:

1. Primary Withholding Based on the Number of

Respondents in a Cell -- All cells with three or

fewer active coal mining operations are suppressed.

2. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 1

All cells containing between 4 and 10 active coal

mining operations are examined. A cell is suppressed if any single respondent accounts for 75

percent or more of the volume for all respondents

included in that cell.

3. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 2

All cells in which two active coal mining operations represent 90 percent or more of the volume

for all respondents included in that cell are suppressed.

4. Complementary Suppression -- All tables are

reviewed to identify cells which should have data

withheld to prevent disclosure of already suppressed cells. An example of cells to be withheld

during complementary suppression is underground

price, if the surface price is withheld during

primary or residual suppression. Because the total

price is published, if the underground price is not

withheld, the surface price could be calculated

using the total price, the underground price, and

the underground, surface, and total volumes.

5. Most complementary suppression involves type of

mining considerations. Other complementary suppression is based on regional level data. A State

or region must be withheld during complementary

suppression because an already withheld State

could be calculated using other States and the

regional total. Cells are also selected for complementary suppression that represent the smallest

volumes or that were withheld in prior years.

6. Inter-table effects are also examined regarding

complementary suppression. For example, States

that are withheld in one State table can influence

the complementary suppression of an associated

State table. This analysis is very similar to that

done at the regional level, except that two tables

are involved rather than one. Finally, similar

tables are reviewed to ensure that all like suppressed cells are consistently withheld (suppressed) in all tables in which they appear.

The withholding/suppression of data is performed as

an adjunct to the quality assurance (QA) procedures.

The work is performed by survey editors, and the QA

staff and is reviewed by the survey manager before

being submitted to division-level QA review.

All sensitive cells identified in withholding analysis

are denoted with the symbol/letter "w." The use of the

symbol/letter applies to primary, complementary and

inter-table suppressions as well as all withheld data.

The symbol/letter "w" is footnoted as follows: "w

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company

data."

The interquartile range is a measure of dispersion of

State-level average mine prices. Two States may have

the same average mine price, but the spread about this

price may be totally different. For a fixed average

mine price, a larger interquartile range suggests a

broader distribution of coal prices than a smaller

interquartile range. The summary statistics (Table D2)

given in this publication are weighted by production.

The interquartile range (weighted by production) is

computed in the following manner:

• Each cell is sorted according to average mine

price, from the lowest to the highest.

• For each cell, the corresponding mine's production according to increasing average mine

price is divided by that particular cell's total production and multiplied by 100. These percentages

are then added as a cumulative percentage of production.

• The first quartile (Q1) is the associated mine price

for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 25 percent. Thus, at least 25

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q1.

• The third quartile (Q3), is the associated mine

price for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 75 percent. Thus, at least 75

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q3.

The interquartile range is Q3-Q1.

Quarterly Coal Consumption Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3)

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that

consume 1,000 tons or more of coal per year for all

uses other than coke production. These data were collected on a monthly basis until 1980, when the

reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule.

Data on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices,

and consumption are reported.

Through the end of 1988, all manufacturers that consumed coal were required to file Form EIA-3. Beginning with the first quarter of 1989, only those

manufacturers that consumed 1,000 or more tons in

the past year were required to report. In 1995, 730

manufacturers responded to the EIA-3 survey. The

response rate for the current year was 100 percent. In

order to identify undercoverage problems, the data

from this survey are compared with shipments to

manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution

Report," Form EIA-6. At present, the coal receipts

reported by manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover

approximately 97 percent of the coal shipments to

236 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
manufacturers on Form EIA-6. Consequently, the

coal consumption data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do

not represent the total consumption at manufacTable D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1996

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

 State and Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Region Mine Price Range Mine Price Range Mine Price Range

Alabama .......................................... 40.75 10.00 35.87 10.13 39.48 7.76

Alaska ............................................. − − wwww

Arizona ............................................ − − wwww

Arkansas .......................................... − − wwww

Colorado .......................................... 17.73 − 18.28 1.47 17.94 1.83

Illinois ............................................. 23.12 4.75 20.86 13.84 22.74 4.51

Indiana ............................................. w w w w 20.24 5.30

Kansas ............................................. − − wwww

Kentucky Total ............................... 24.66 5.43 22.68 5.20 23.91 5.68

Eastern .......................................... 25.98 3.51 23.53 4.95 24.98 4.99

Western ........................................ 21.04 3.76 18.79 2.29 20.38 3.20

Louisiana ......................................... − − wwww

Maryland ......................................... w w w w 24.40 −

Missouri .......................................... − − 23.31 − 23.31 −

Montana .......................................... − − 9.97 9.51 9.96 9.51

New Mexico ................................... w w w w 24.66 4.05

North Dakota .................................. − − 8.01 .83 8.01 .83

Ohio................................................. 25.98 16.37 23.43 5.13 24.85 17.46

Oklahoma ........................................ w w w w 26.54 5.30

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 25.79 3.28 25.76 8.36 25.78 8.36

Anthracite..................................... 27.99 12.19 37.37 29.06 36.78 28.06

Bituminous ................................... 25.77 2.70 22.68 7.95 24.98 4.18

Tennessee ........................................ w w w w 27.79 2.83

Texas ............................................... − − 12.17 1.08 12.17 1.08

Utah ................................................. 21.63 8.07 − − 21.63 8.07

Virginia ........................................... 29.46 5.68 25.88 3.47 28.45 9.40

Washington ..................................... − − wwww

West Virginia Total........................ 27.31 8.08 25.04 4.42 26.58 6.19

Northern ....................................... 25.21 6.73 22.37 5.21 24.86 6.73

Southern ....................................... 28.44 7.40 25.34 4.00 27.21 6.38

Wyoming ......................................... w w w w 6.41 1.81

Appalachian Total1 ...................... 27.67 6.70 25.07 6.28 26.78 7.13

Interior Total1............................... 22.43 2.42 15.85 7.76 18.41 10.03

Western Total1.............................. 20.04 4.91 8.86 3.13 10.03 10.71

East of Miss. River ....................... 26.70 6.54 23.86 6.88 25.70 6.82

West of Miss. River ...................... 20.07 4.91 9.42 6.75 10.40 9.53

U.S. Total....................................... 25.96 8.27 13.82 16.62 18.50 18.26

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

 Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less

than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Average Mine Price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) mine value of the coal produced by the total production.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

turing plants. See Technical Note 5 for data adjustment procedures for coal consumption for the other

industrial sector.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3

is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy

Offices. When new respondents are found, they are

added to the survey mailing list.

Annual Coal Quality Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A)

Form EIA-3A contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and

the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The

threshold for the annual collection will be the same as

for the EIA-3: manufacturing plants that consume in

excess of 1,000 short tons of coal per per year. In

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 237 
1995, 730 manufacturers responded to the EIA-3A

survey. The response rate for the current year was 100

percent.

Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5)

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts,

carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all

U.S. coke plants.

Coke plants were surveyed monthly and a supplemental survey was taken annually until 1981, when

the reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule

with an annual supplemental survey. In 1985, collection of the annual supplement was ended.

In 1995, there were 28 respondents to the EIA-5

survey, and the response rate was 100 percent. The

respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous monitoring of the industry literature.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke

Plants (Form EIA-5A)

This form contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis

used to determine the coal quality data. There is no

threshold for this form. In 1995, there were 28

respondents to the EIA-5A survey, and the response

rate was 100 percent.

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6)

Form EIA-6 is used to survey all U.S. companies

(producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase

and distribute more than 50,000 short tons annually.2

Data on coal production and purchases, distribution

by consumer category, and method of transportation

are reported.

In 1995, there were about 1,100 respondents to the

EIA-6 survey. Until the end of 1988, coal distribution

companies were required to report production on a

Bureau of Mines district basis. For the year 1989,

respondents were required to report on a BOM

district/State basis. Beginning with the first quarter of

1990, respondents were required to report on a State

basis. The response rate for the current quarter was

100 percent. The annual production total reported on

Form EIA-6 exceeds 99 percent of total production as

reported by all mines on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," due to the difference in reporting

thresholds. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6 only

represent the domestic coal distributed during the

quarter. Therefore, imported coal distributed during

the quarter is not included.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issued of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S.

Department of Labor, and from similar lists maintained by various State agencies. Also, new respondents are frequently identified on Form EIA-6 itself

when other companies are named as sources of coal

purchases.

Electric Utility Surveys

Coal data appear in this report from three surveys of

electric utilities --from all generating electric utilities

and from fossil-fueled plants.

The Census Bureau collected and published the results

of a census taken every 5 years from 1902 to 1937 on

the electric light and power industries and some data

on industrial production of electric energy. The U.S.

Geological Survey collected data on capacity and generation of electric utilities from 1920 to 1936, when

this activity was turned over to the Federal Power

Commission (FPC).

All data are presented as reported on the surveys. No

estimates or other adjustments are made for missing

data. The data are maintained in a computer system

and are edited to ensure that they are reasonable, consistent, and complete. For additional information from

these surveys and for other electric utility data, see

the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Monthly Power Plant Report (Form

EIA-759)

Form EIA-759 (which, until 1982, was called FPC

Form 4) is used to survey all generating electric utilities. The Federal Power Act and FPC Order Number

141 define the legislative authority to collect power

production data. Consumption and stocks of coal and

other fuels at each plant are reported. The respondents

to Form EIA-759, approximately 3,000 plants,

account for 100 percent of total electric utility generation.

2 For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the anthracite portion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 tons.

238 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Current year data from this survey are considered

final.

Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of

Fuels for Electric Plants (FERC Form

423)

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form

423 is used to survey all fossil-fueled plants with a

total steam-generating capacity of 50 megawatts or

more. It is submitted by approximately 230 electric

utilities. (Before 1983, this form was called FPC Form

423, and all fossil-fueled plants with a total generating capacity of 25 megawatts or more were surveyed.) In 1972, the FPC issued Order Number 453,

which included the legislative authority to create

FERC Form 423. Cost, quality, and source of fuels

(by State or country of origin), including coal, are

reported. Current year data from this survey are considered final.

Steam-Electric Plant Operation and

Design Report (Form EIA-767)

The Form EIA-767 is a mandatory restricted-universe

census of all electric power plants with a total

existing or planned organic- or nuclear-fueled steamelectric generator nameplate rating of 10 or more

megawatts. The entire form is filed by approximately

700 power plants with a nameplate capacity of 100 or

more megawatts. An additional 200 power plants with

a nameplate capacity between 10 and 100 megawatts

submit information only on fuel consumption/quality,

boiler/generator configuration, and flue-gas

desulfurization equipment, if applicable. The Form

EIA-767 is used to collect data annually on plant

operations and equipment design (including boiler,

generator, cooling system, flue gas desulfurization,

flue gas particulate collectors, and stack data). Data

from Form EIA-767 are used for economic, regulatory, and environmental analyses conducted by the

DOE, the FERC, the Environmental Protection

Agency, and the Department of Commerce.

Form EIA-767 data for 1995 are preliminary. Data for

prior years are final.

Annual Nonutility Power Producer

Report (Form EIA-867)

The Form EIA-867 is a restricted-universe census

used to collect annual data from all existing and

planned nonutility power producers in the United

States. In 1992, the reporting threshold of the Form

EIA-867 was lowered to include all facilities with a

combined nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts.

Previously data were collected every 3 years from

facilities with a nameplate capacity between 1 and 5

megawatts. For the purpose of this data collection, a

nonutility power producer is an enterprise that has

electric generating capacity and is not an electric

utility. They include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small power producers, and other nonutility

generators (including independent power producers)

without a designated franchised service area. The

form is used to collect data on the installed capacity,

energy consumption, generation, and electric energy

sales to electric utilities from approximately 2,000

facilities.

Form EIA-867, coal consumption data for 1989

through 1995 are: 876, 1600, 6000, 10000, 12344,

15140 and 20800 thousand short tons.

Export and Import Data

Export and import data (except imports to electric

utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants, which

are reported on the FERC Form 423, EIA-3A, and

EIA-5A, respectively.) are obtained from the Census

Bureau--export data from the monthly EM 545 (formerly EM 522) report, import data from the monthly

IM 145 report. The Census Bureau compiles these

data monthly from documents filed with the U.S.

Customs Service as required by law. They include

shippers' export declaration forms, import entry

forms, and warehouse withdrawal forms. No sampling

procedures are used. The Census Bureau publication

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics describes the

foreign trade statistics program, including the EM 545

and IM 145 monthly reports. Data from these surveys

are considered final at the time of publication.

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal, major exporting

State, and destination, along with foreign distribution

of metallurgical and steam coal (Tables 62, 63, and

64, respectively), was determined using EIA-6 distribution data by origin State, and coal export data from

King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation,

Knoxville, Tennessee) which gives the metallurgical

and steam breakdown as well as the country destination data. The percentage of metallurgical and steam

coal for each country of destination are applied to the

EIA-6 export figures for each State of origin to derive

coal distribution data that link State of origin to countries of destination by type of coal. The King's destination country data are considered to be more

accurate than the Census country-of-destination data

because it account for transhipments through intermediate countries to final destination countries, whereas

the Census data would designate the destination as the

intermediate country.

Copies of the survey forms and instructions used to

collect data appearing in this publication can be

obtained by calling EIA's National Energy Information Center at (202) 586-8800.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 239 
Technical Notes

1. Differences in Related Coal

Data

Coal Production versus Coal Distribution. Coal production represents newly mined coal. Coal distribution represents shipments of newly mined coal and

coal from producer/distributor stockpiles (previously

mined coal).

Coal Distribution versus Coal Receipts. Differences

in coal distribution data and coal receipts data are due

to the time lag between distribution and receipt of

coal shipments, and due to the survey threshold differences. In addition, coal distributed includes only

domestic coal, whereas receipts include imported

coal.

Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal versus U.S. Coal

Exports. Foreign distribution of U.S. coal does not

equal U.S. coal exports because there are differences

in reporting time and survey thresholds.

Receipts of Imported Coal versus U.S. Coal Imports.

Receipts of imported coal at electric utilities and manufacturing and coke plants does not equal U.S. coal

imports due to reporting time differences. In addition,

it does not include receipts at independent power producers.

2. Other Industrial Plants and

Manufacturing

The other industrial plants end-use sector includes

the manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing,

mining, and construction industries. Manufacturing

accounts for approximately 97 percent of the coal

receipts and consumption and 100 percent of the coal

stocks in the other industrial plants sector as reported

herein. Data sources for the other industrial plants

sector and the manufacturing sector are Forms EIA-6

and EIA-3, respectively. The source statement in each

table identifies the survey used to collect coal data for

the other industrial plants sector, and the following

technical notes describe the methodology used when

data were derived.

3. Residential and

Commercial

To reduce the reporting burden to coal users, the EIA

does not conduct any survey of coal data from residential and commercial users of coal. Shipments of

coal to this sector, reported by producers and distributors of coal on Form EIA-6, are equated to coal

receipts and consumption by the residential and commercial sector, assuming no stock changes.

4. Consumer Prices

Prices are derived for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Prices are reported for each plant in

cents-per-million Btu on FERC Form 423. The price

per ton of coal is calculated at each plant using centsper-million Btu and the average Btu content per pound

of coal for the appropriate rank of coal. The average

prices appearing in the tables (e.g., across all States)

are calculated by summing the dollar value at each

plant (short tons of coal multiplied by price per short

ton) and dividing by the corresponding total tons. For

more information about prices of coal at electric utilities, see the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Coke Plants. Respondents are asked to report the

number of tons of coal received (or coke distributed)

on Form EIA-5 and the total value of that coal (or

coke) in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values (e.g., across all States)

and dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Other Industrial Plants. Respondents (manufacturing

plants only) are asked to report the number of tons of

coal received on Form EIA-3 and the total value of

that coal in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values across all States and

dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not collected.

See Technical Note 3.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 241 
5. Consumption

Annual Data

Annual coal consumption data are sums of quarterly

or monthly data described below except for nonutility

power producers whose coal consumption is not

included in this report. These data are however,

reported on Form EIA-867 and published in the Electric Power Annual (DOE/EIA-0348).

Electric Utilities. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-759.

Nonutility Electric Generating Facilities. Consumption is reported on Form EIA-867.

Coke Plants. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. In deriving a quarterly estimate for coal consumption for the other industrial

plants sector, the first step is to equate consumption

to beginning stocks plus receipts minus ending stocks.

In terms of an equation, consumption can be

expressed as C = Sb + R - Se, where Sb = beginning

stocks, R = receipts, and Se = ending stocks.

Therefore, consumption is C = (Sb - Se (change in

stocks)) + R. Next, stock change at the State level is

equated to the stock change for that State as reported

on Form EIA-3, receipts at the State level are derived

as described in Section 3, and a computed consumption is derived using the same equation for each State.

Finally, the quarterly consumption (C) at the State

level is equated to the maximum of the computed consumption at the State level, as previously described,

and the quarterly consumption for that State as

reported on Form EIA-3. This process ensures that

State-level consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is always greater than or equal to the

manufacturing sector consumption for that State.

Total quarterly consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is computed by summing the quarterly

State-level consumption figures.

Residential and Commercial. Shipments to the residential and commercial sector as reported on Form

EIA-6 are defined as consumption as well as receipts

for this end-use sector.

EIA publishes monthly estimates of coal consumption

in the Monthly Energy Review (DOE/EIA-0035).

Monthly coal consumption at electric utility plants is

derived directly from Form EIA-759. Prior to 1980,

monthly coal consumption at coke plants was derived

directly from Form EIA-5. For 1981 through 1987, it

was derived from the quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using the ratios of monthly

to quarterly consumption in 1979, the last year that

coke plant data were collected monthly on Form

EIA-5. These ratios by month (January - December)

are 0.3377, 0.3200, 0.3423; 0.3529, 0.3462, 0.3009;

0.3364, 0.3347, 0.3289; and 0.3273, 0.3301, 0.3426.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption at coke

plants is derived from quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using ratios derived from

monthly data on raw steel production published by the

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) on Form

AIS7. The ratio is the proportion of monthly raw steel

production from open hearth and basic oxygen process

furnaces to the quarterly raw steel production from

those furnace types.

Prior to 1978, coal consumption for the other industrial plants sector (i.e., industrial users minus coke

plants) was derived by using monthly data reported on

Form EIA-3 to modify baseline coal consumption

figures from the most recent Census of Manufactures

or Annual Survey of Manufactures, Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. For 1978

through 1987, data from Forms EIA-3 and EIA-6 are

used to compute monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector.

Given the quarterly consumption for the other industrial plants sector (C), the monthly consumption for

the sector (Cm) is estimated for each month in the

quarter as Cm = (Cm3/C3) x C where Cm3/C3 is the

ratio of monthly to quarterly coal consumption as

reported on Form EIA-3. For the 1978 coal consumption figures, the ratios used are based on 1978 EIA-3

data. For 1979 through 1987, the ratios used are based

on the 1979 EIA-3 data. These 1979 ratios by month

(January - December) are 0.3593, 0.3264, 0.3143;

0.3485, 0.3332, 0.3183; 0.3317, 0.3407, 0.3276; and

0.3045, 0.3253, 0.3702.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector is derived from quarterly

coal consumption reported on Form EIA-3 using

monthly ratios derived from the industrial production

indices published by the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. Six major industry groups'

indices are used as the basis for calculating the

monthly ratios. These groups are foods (Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) 20), paper and products

(SIC 26), chemicals and products (SIC 28), petroleum

products (SIC 29), clay, glass, stone products (SIC

32), and primary metals (SIC 33).

The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum

of weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly

sum of weighted indices, using the 1985 proportion as

the weight.

Prior to 1980, monthly coal consumption for the residential and commercial sector was derived by using

monthly data reported on Form EIA-2, "Monthly Coal

Report -- Retail Dealers and Upper Lake Docks," to

modify baseline coal consumption figures developed

by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior.

For 1980, the quarterly coal consumption figures in

the residential and commercial sector are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using the ratios

of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this sector

in 1979 as reported on Form EIA-2. These 1979 ratios

by month (January-December) are 0.4002, 0.3502,

242 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
0.2496; 0.4805, 0.2901, 0.2294; 0.3126, 0.2952,

0.3922; and 0.2931, 0.3101, 0.3968. The 1981 and

1982 monthly coal consumption figures were derived

using the 1979 ratios but were also modified

according to heating/cooling degree-days. For 1983

through 1987, coal consumption figures are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using only the

ratios of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this

sector in 1979.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption figures

are derived using the monthly national average population weighted heating/cooling degree-days obtained

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ratio is the proportion of the monthly

national sum of heating and cooling degree-days to

the quarterly sum.

6. Stocks

Annual stocks are calculated at the end of the year or

the end of the fourth quarter. Coal stocks are derived

for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-759.

Coke Plants. Stocks are reported on Form EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-3, i.e., stocks at manufacturing plants only.

Technical Note 2 discusses the difference between

other industrial plants and manufacturing plants.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not available.

See Technical Note 3.

Producer and Distributor. Stocks are reported on

Form EIA-6.

7. Methods of Transportation

Rail: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail,

either private or public/commercial. Included is coal

hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck.

Water Transportation: Shipments of coal moved by

one of the three methods--river, Great Lakes, or

tidewater piers and coastal ports. Included in these

shipments is coal hauled to or from water loading

facilities by other means of transportation.

River: Shipments of coal moved to consumers via

river by barge, except shipments to Great Lakes

coal loading docks or tidewater piers or coastal

ports.

Great Lakes: Shipments of coal moved to consumers

via the Great Lakes. These shipments are moved via

the Great Lakes coal loading docks, which are identified by name and locations as follows: Superior

Midwest Energy Terminal, Superior, Wisconsin;

Bessemer & Lake Erie Coal Storage & Transfer

Facility, Conneaut, Ohio; B&O Railroad

Coal Loading Dock, Lorain, Ohio; C&O Railroad

Presque Isle Docks, Toledo, Ohio; Lakefront Dock &

Railroad Terminal Company Coal Loading Dock,

Toledo, Ohio; N&W Sandusky Coal Pier No. 3,

Sandusky, Ohio; ConRail Coal Transfer Facilities,

Ashtabula, Ohio; Rail to Water Transfer Corporation

Dock, Chicago, Illinois.

Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports: Shipments of coal

moved to tidewater piers and coastal ports for further

shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean.

The tidewater piers are identified by name and

location as follows: B&O Curtis Bay Coal Piers,

Baltimore, Maryland; C&O Coal Piers Nos. 14 & 15,

Newport News, Virginia; N&W Lamberts Point Coal

Piers Nos. 5 & 6, Norfolk, Virginia; Alabama State

Docks Bulk Handling Plant, Mobile, Alabama;

Alabama State Docks/McDuffie Terminals, Mobile,

Alabama; Canton Coal Piers, Baltimore Harbor on the

Chesapeake Bay; Greenwich Coal Pier, Greenwich

Point, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Delaware River;

Port Richmond Pier, Pier 18 Port Richmond,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River;

Galveston Regional Coal Distribution Center, Pelican

Island, Galveston, Texas; International Marine

Terminals/Plaquemines Parish Terminal, Mile 57

AHP-Mississippi River, approximately 30 miles south

of New Orleans; Energy Terminals of Houston, Inc., a

Subsidiary of Soros Associates, Houston, Texas.

Coastal Ports are those located at Charleston, South

Carolina; New York, New York; San Diego,

California; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle,

Washington.

Truck: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by

truck.

Tramway, Conveyor, or Slurry Pipeline: Shipments

of coal moved to consumers by tramway, conveyor, or

slurry pipeline.

8. Census Export and Import

Data

Export and import data are obtained from the Bureau

of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, where

they are compiled monthly from documents filed with

the U.S. Customs Service, as required by law.

Each coal shipment is reported in short tons with corresponding total dollar values. EIA converts all value

data obtained from the Census Bureau to average

price data by dividing the dollar value by the quantity.

Based on an analysis and sample validation of the

Census Bureau import and export data conducted by

the EIA, it was determined that some of the coal and

coke data collected from the Census Bureau may be

misleading or incorrect (particularly those data associEnergy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 243 
ated with very small quantities or very high prices).

Because of this, a methodology was developed to edit

the Census Bureau price data.

Prior to 1989, certain data cells had been suppressed

for publication purposes only: (1) average import coal

prices of $50.00 or more per short ton; (2) average

export coal prices of $60.00 or more per short ton; (3)

average coke prices of $200.00 or more per short ton;

(4) all percent changes of 500 percent or more.

Beginning with 1989, coal export data were categorized as metallurgical coal and steam coal, rather than

as bituminous steam coal, lignite, anthracite, and

bituminous metallurgical coal.

In addition, coal export tables were revised to present

those countries to which the United States exported

more than 50,000 short tons in the prior calendar year.

The remaining countries in each continent were aggregated in an "other" category. This reduces the number

of empty cells and highlights the major importers of

U.S. coal. All coke export and import, and coal import

countries and quantities are displayed.

The following methodology was used to derive the

typical average prices as presented in the price tables.

For all coal, a price distribution was derived from the

prior calendar year export price data. Since extreme

price variations in the Census Bureau data are the

exception rather than the rule, the price distribution

was used to identify a typical price range. The price

distribution, from low to high, along with the frequency of each price (quantity) was analyzed to determine the representative prices. The extreme prices at

both ends of the distribution were eliminated to arrive

at a price range that covered at least 90 percent of the

exports. This price range was considered to include

typical or representative prices. Considering the

records that fell within the typical price range, the

weighted average price was calculated by country of

destination and type of coal.

The same procedure was used to determine the typical

average prices of coal imports. In addition to the

average prices based on the above methodology, a

U.S. total row is presented in the price tables, which

represents the average price using all the Census

Bureau data.

For reporting purposes, the month of exportation

reflects the month in which the shipment leaves the

United States. The month of importation generally is

based on the month in which the U.S. Customs

Service releases the merchandise to the importer. For

both sets of data, however, there can exist a small

carry-over from the actual month of exportation or

importation to a subsequent month, usually the succeeding month. A number of factors in processing

account for this, e.g., late receipt of a document for an

end-of-month shipment, or rejection of a shipment by

the computer due to failure to meet established edit

criteria. These limitations should be considered when

making comparisons.

Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as

of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce

began reporting statistics on U.S. exports to Canada

based on information on imports provided monthly by

the Canadian government.

Comparing Census reported imported coal figures in

Table 34 with EIA reported imported coal receipts at

electric utilities, manufacturers, and coke plants for

1994 shows a difference of about 1.8 million short

tons. The main reason for this is that the EIA receipts

data do not cover imported coal received by nonutility

power producers who are not in the manufacturing

sector.

9. Revisions

All data published in this report are considered final.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels has adopted the following policy with respect to

the revision and correction of recurrent data in energy

publications:

1. Annual survey data collected by this office are published either as preliminary or final when first

appearing in a data report. Data initially released as

preliminary will be so noted in the report. These data

will be revised, if necessary, and declared final in the

next publication of the data.

2. All monthly and quarterly survey data collected by

this office are published as preliminary. These data

are revised only after the completion of the 12-month

cycle of the data. No revisions are made to the published data before this.

3. After data are published as final, corrections will

be made only in the event of a greater than one

percent difference at the national level. Corrections

for differences that are less than the 1-percent

threshold are left to the discretion of the Office

Director.

10. Price Data and Taxes

F.O.B. mine coal prices and prices of coal delivered

to or received by end-use consumers (electric utility

plants, manufacturing plants, and coke plants) as

reported in this publication include relevant local,

State and Federal excise and sales taxes.

244 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Table D3. Implicit Price Deflator,

1987-1996

Implicit Price Deflator Year (1992 = 100)

1987 83.1

1988 86.1

1989 89.7

1990 93.6

1991 97.3

1992 100.0

1993 102.6 R 1994 104.9 R 1995 107.6

1996 109.7

R Revised data.

 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 245 
Glossary

Agglomerating Character: Agglomeration describes

the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character

is determined by examination and testing of the

residue when a small powdered sample is heated to

950 degrees centigrade under specified conditions. If

the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be

coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be

capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without

pulverizing.

Anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often

referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage

of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile

matter. Comprises three groups classified according to

the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry

mineral-matter-free (mmf) basis:

Fixed

Carbon Volatile

Limits Matter

GE LT GT LE

Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2

Anthracite 92 98 2 8

Semianthracite 86 92 8 14

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Anthracite coal is non-agglomerating.

If agglomerating, semianthracite is

classified in the low-volatile group

of the bituminous class.

Ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina,

and other incombustible matter that are contained in

coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the

cost of handling, and can affect the burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight

of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free,

usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour

surface mining, particularly when the overburden is

too costly to excavate.

Average Annual Percent Change:

n

√ Vn 

V0

− 1 (1)

Where: V0 = the value for the base period.

Vn = the value for the nth period.

n = the number of periods.

Average Daily Production: The ratio of the total

production at a mining operation to the total number

of production days worked at the operation.

Average Length of a Shift: The arithmetic mean

number of hours worked during a production shift.

Overtime is included if usually worked during the

year.

Average Mine Price: The ratio of the total value of

the coal produced at the mine to the total production

tonnage. (See F.O.B. mine price.)

Average Number of Employees per Shift: The

arithmetic mean number of employees working during

a production shift. Includes all employees except

office workers. (See direct labor hours.)

Average Number of Miners Working Daily: The

arithmetic mean number of miners working each day

at a mining operation. Includes maintenance as well

as production work performed.

Average Number of Shifts per Day: The arithmetic

mean number of shifts each day at a mining operation.

Includes maintenance as well as production shifts.

Average Production per Miner per Day: The

product of the average production per miner per hour

at a mining operation and the average length of a production shift at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio

of the total production at a mining operation to the

total direct labor hours worked at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Shift: Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per

hour by the average length of a miner shift.

Average Quality of Coal: Refers to individual measurements such as heat value, fixed cabon, moisture,

ash, sulfur, phosphorus, major, minor, and trace elements, coking properties, petrologic properties, and

particular organic constituents. The individual quality

elements may be aggregated in various ways to classify coal for such special purposes as metallurgical,

gas, petrochemical, and blending usages.

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can

be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines,

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic

area.

Bituminous Coal: The most common coal. It is

dense and black (often with well-defined bands of

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 247 
bright and dull material). Its moisture content is

usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating

electricity, making coke, and for space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM

Specification D-388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free

mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a

moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69

percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineralmatter-free basis shall be classified according to fixed

carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. Highvolatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other

bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating.

However, it is recognized that there may be

nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the

bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in

the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less

than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more

Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A

bituminous.

Fixed Volatile Calorific

Carbon Matter Value

Limits Limits Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT GT LT GE LE

lv 78 86 14 22 - -

mv 69 78 22 31 - -

hvA - 69 31 - 14000 -

hvB - - - - 13000 14000

hvC - - - - 10500 13000

lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal

mv = Medium-volatile bituminous coal

hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal

hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal

hvC = High-volatile C bituminous coal

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Btu (British thermal unit): The amount of heat

needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water

by 1 degree fahrenheit. The Btu is a convenient

measure by which to compare the energy content of

various fuels.

Cannel Coal: A variety of bituminous coal that is

noncaking, contains a high percentage of volatile

matter, ignites easily, and burns with a luminous

smokey flame.

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed by dividing production by productive capacity

and multiplying by 100.

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the

mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for

example, steel companies and electric utilities).

Carbon Dioxide: CO2 A colorless, odorless,

incombustible gas formed during combustion in

fossil-fuel electric generation plants.

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of

the United States established by the Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical

analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide

with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific

Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous

and Pacific Noncontiguous areas.

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed

into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a

coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of

air.

Coal (Coke): See Coke (coal).

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production

by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine

employees.

Coal Preparation: The process of sizing and

cleaning coal to meet market specifications by

removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. May

include crushing, screening, or mechanical cleaning.

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification of coal-producing States. The States in the

Appalachian Region are Alabama, Georgia, eastern

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Virginia, and West Virginia. The States in the Interior

Region are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

western Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma,

and Texas. The States in the Western Region are

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and

Wyoming.

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined

and/or purchased coal originates are defined as

follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,

California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana,

Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite,

Pennsylvania bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,

Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Northern, West

Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. The following

Coal-Producing States are split in origin of coal, as

defined below:

• Kentucky, Eastern All mines located in counties

other than the Western Kentucky counties.

• Kentucky, Western All mines in the following

counties in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell,

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson,

Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan,

McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd,

Union, Warren, and Webster.

• Pennsylvania Anthracite All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin,

Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland,

Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All

anthracite mines in Bradford County.

• Pennslyvania Bituminous All mines located in

counties other than the Pennsylvania anthracite

counties and all bituminous mines in Bradford

County.

• West Virginia, Northern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal248 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
Producing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke,

Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant,

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion,

Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants,

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor,

Tucker, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and

Wood.

• West Virginia, Southern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as CoalProducing Districts 7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay,

Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan,

Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe,

Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers,

Wayne, and Wyoming.

Coal Rank/Group: A classification of coal based on

fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value,

and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite

(most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of

several organic components of coal. The lower rank

coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat

content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14

thousand Btu per pound for each coal rank group

(except for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly

lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow range. Since heat content is not a

dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their

rank categories are instead described by degree of

metamorphism, or "coalification," a property that is

measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the

agglomerating character of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus

agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some

high-volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals

can be distinguished only on the basis of

agglomerating character. Percentages are based on dry

mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown)

is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to

100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases,

therefore, volatile matter percentage increases by the

same amount.

Coal Stocks: The supply of coal at a mine, plant, or

utility at the end of the reporting period.

Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a

coal seam.

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status

as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must

produce electric energy and "another form of useful

thermal energy through the sequencial use of energy,"

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.)

Coke (coal): In general, coke is made from

bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from

which the volatile constituents are driven off by

baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000

degrees Fahrenheit, so that the fixed carbon and ash

are fused together. Coke is hard and porous, has a

gray, submetallic luster, and is strong enough to

support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used

both as a fuel and a reducing agent in smelting iron

ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heating value of

24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot

or beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke.

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar

mining in which a continuous mining machine

extracts and removes coal from the working face in

one operation; no blasting is required.

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations

that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily

when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and

then loading the broken coal.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in

which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit

price that includes the F.O.B. value of the product at

the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and

transportation. This type of transaction differs from a

"delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the

quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified

by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than

pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms

of an F.O.B. sale, except that the seller, as a service

for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in

liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains

liquid at amospheric pressure after passing through

surface-separating facilities. Included are lease

condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar

sands, gilsonite and oil shale. Drip gases are also

included, but topped crude (residual oil) and other

unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at

natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil

are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is

considered as either domestic or foreign, according to

the following: or from its "outer continental shelf" as

defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331. States. Imported

Athabasca hydrocarbons are included.

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal;

sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17

million Btu per short ton.

Customs District: Customs districts, as defined by

the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, "Monthly Report EM 545," are as follows

• Eastern: Bridgeport, CT, Washington, DC,

Boston, MA, Baltimore, MD, Portland, ME,

Buffalo, NY, New York City, NY, Ogdensburg,

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 249 
NY, Philadelphia, PA, Providence, RI, Norfolk,

VA, St. Albans, VT.

• Southern: Mobile, AL, Savannah, GA, Miami,

FL, Tampa, FL, New Orleans, LA, Wilmington,

NC, San Juan, PR, Charleston, SC, Dallas-Fort

Worth, TX, El Paso, TX, Houston-Galveston, TX,

Laredo, TX, Virgin Islands.

• Western: Anchorage, AK, Nogales, AZ, Los

Angeles, CA, San Diego, CA, San Fracisco, CA,

Honolulu, HI, Great Falls, MT, Portland, OR,

Seattle, WA.

• Northern: Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, Duluth, MN,

Minneapolis, MN, St. Louis, MO, Pembina, ND,

Cleveland, OH, Milwaukee, WI.

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for

the sum of coal in both measured and indicated

resource categories of reliability which represents 100

percent of the coal in these categories in place as of a

certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and

anthracite 28 inches or more thick and beds of

subbituminous coal 60 inches or more thick that occur

at depths to 1 thousand feet. Includes beds of lignite

60 inches or more thick that can be surface mined.

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently

are being mined or for which there is evidence that

they could be mined commercially at this time.

Represents that portion of the identified coal resource

from which reserves are calculated.

Depletion: The subtraction of both the tonnage

produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified resources to determine the remaining tonnage as

of a certain time.

Depletion Factor: The multiplier applied to the

tonnage produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes into account both the tonnage recovered

and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion

factor is the reciprocal of the recovery factor in

relation to a given quantity of production.

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by

all mining employees at a mining operation during the

year. Includes hours worked by those employees

engaged in production, preparation, development,

maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management,

and technical or engineering work. Excludes office

workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one

of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional

distillation operations. Included are products known

as No.1, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils and No.1, No.2, and

No.4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space

heating, on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel

(including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), and electric power generation.

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from

rivers or streams.

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal entry dug to a coalbed in a hillside.

Dry (Coal) Basis: Coal quality data calculated to a

theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated

with the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the weight loss of a sample when its inherent

moisture is driven off under controlled conditions of

low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just

above the boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees

centigrade).

Electricity: A form of energy generated by friction,

induction, or chemical change that is caused by the

presence and motion of elementary charged particles

of which matter consists.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing

electric energy or transforming other forms of energy

into electric energy. Also the amount of electric

energy produced or expressed in watthours (Wh).

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of

electric energy produced by the generating station or

stations, measured at the generator terminals.

Electricity Generation, Net: Gross generation less

electricity consumed at the generating plant for

station use. Electricity required for pumping at

pumped-storage plants is regarded as plant use and is

deducted from gross generation.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime

movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment

for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission

energy into electric energy.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency,

authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that

owns and/or operates facilities within the United

States, its territories, or Puerto Rico for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric

energy primarily for use by the public and files forms

listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18,

Part 141. Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or

small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and exempt wholesale

generators under Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not

considered electric utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer.

Electric Utility Sector: The electric utility sector

consists of privately and publicly owned establishments that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity primarily for use by the public and that meet

the definition of an electric utility. Nonutility power

producers are not included in the electric utility

sector.

Emissions: The pollutants dischaged into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. For coal-burning plants, these

emissions are primarily Carbon Dioxide (CO2),

Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide ( SO2).

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic

energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are

easily convertible and can be changed to another form

useful for work. Most of the world's convertible

250 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to

produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to

mechanical or other means in order to accomplish

tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in

kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured

in British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source

of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing

process.

Exports: Shipments of goods from the 50 States and

the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto

Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions

and territories.

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the

boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on

the scale and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above

zero at standard atmospheric pressure.

F.A.S. Value: Free alongside ship value. The value

of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally

including the purchase price plus all charges incurred

in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the

port of exportation in the country of exportation.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC):

A quasi-independent regulatory agency within the

Department of Energy having jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline

rates, and gas pipeline certification.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Government in exchange for

royalties and other revenues.

Federal Power Act: Enacted in 1920, and amended

in 1935, the Act consists of three parts. The first part

incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission,

whose activities were confined almost entirely to

licensing non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II

and III were added with the passage of the Public

Utility Act. These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include regulating the interstate transmission

of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale

in interstate commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law.

Federal Power Commission: The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was

created by an Act of Congress under the Federal

Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was charged

originally with regulating the electric power and

natural gas industries. The FPC was abolished on September 20, 1977, when the Department of Energy was

created. The functions of the FPC were divided

between the Department of Energy and the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission.

FERC: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Fixed Carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus

the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than

ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive

distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the

total carbon that remains when coal is heated in a

closed vessel until all volatile matter is driven off.

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit (Scrubber): Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the

atmosphere. Chemicals, such as lime, are used as the

scrubbing media.

Flue Gas Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to

remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler

plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate

collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses),

and wet scrubbers.

F.O.B. Mine Price: The free on board mine price.

This is the price paid for coal at the mining operation

site. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance

costs.

Foreign-Controlled Firms: Foreign-controlled firms

are U.S. coal producers with more than 50 percent of

their stock or assets owned by a foreign firm.

Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation: Electric generation

in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by highpressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from

burning fossil fuels.

Geothermal Energy: Energy from the internal heat

of the earth, which may be residual heat, friction heat,

or a result of radioactive decay. The heat is found in

rocks and fluids at various depths and can be

extracted by drilling and/or pumping.

Greenhouse Effect: The increasing mean global

surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in

the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane,

nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The

greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate

but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of

goods and services produced by labor and property in

the United States. As long as the labor and property

are located in the United States, the supplier (that is,

the workers and, for property, the owners) may be

either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by

manual labor through the use of a shovel for

conveyance to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still used in very small-tonnage mines.

Highwall: the unexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal in a surface mine.

High-Volatile A Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 251 
High-Volatile B Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile C Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile (specific sub-group unknown): See

Bituminous coal.

Hydroelectric Power: The harnessing of flowing

water to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator,

published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert

nominal figures to real figures.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and

the District of Columbia from foreign countries and

from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.

possessions and territories.

Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from Indian lands in

exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained

by direct negotiatian with the Indians, but subject to

approval and administration by the U.S. Department

of the Interior.

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector comprises

manufacturing industries which make up the largest

part of the sector, along with mining, construction,

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in

the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to

companies assembling electronic components. The

SIC codes used to classify establishments as industrial

are 1 through 39.

Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is the

range within which the middle 50 percent of observations are concentrated. See Appendix D, Section

"Interquartile Range."

Jet Fuel: The term includes kerosene-type jet fuel

and naphtha-type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a

kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphthatype jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphthas range used

primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered

from gas well gas (associated and non-associated) in

lease separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease

condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier

hydrocarbons.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with

high inherent moisture and volatile matter (used

almost exclusively for electric power generation).

Similar coal in Europe and Australia are also referred

to as brown coal. Lignite comprises two groups classified according to the following ASTM Specifiaction

D-388-91a for calorific values on a moist mineralmatter-free basis:

Limits Btu/lb.

GE LT

Lignite A 6300 8300

Lignite B - 6300

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Lignite is non-agglomerating.

Lignite A: See Lignite.

Lignite B: See Lignite.

Longwall Mining: A form of underground coal

mining which is gaining in importance in the United

States and can be used at greater depths than roomand-pillar mining. In longwall mining, a cutting

machine is pulled back and forth across a panel of

coal 300 to 600 feet wide and as much as a mile long,

with the broken coal moved by conveyor. Longwall

mining is done under movable roof supports that are

advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out

area is allowed to fall as the mining advances.

Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Major Coal-Producing States: Any State that

produces more than 12 million short tons of coal

during the year.

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are

engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation

of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for

gasification/liquifaction.

Medium-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Merchant Coke Plant: A coke plant where coke is

produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open)

market.

Meta-Anthracite: See Anthracite.

Metallurgical Coal: Coal that meets the requirements for making coke. It must be low in ash and

sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting

the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast

furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is

usually required to make coke.

Metric Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6

pounds.

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground

Mine.

Mineral-Matter-Free Basis: Mineral matter in coal

is the parent material in coal from which ash is

derived, and which comes from minerals present in

the original plant materials that formed the coal, or

from extraneous sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water is called the mineral

matter. Mineral matter in coal cannot be analytically

determined and is commonly calculated using data on

252 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
ash and ash-forming constituents. Coal analyses are

calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis by

adjusting formulas used in calculations in order to

deduct the weight of mineral matter from the total

coal.

Moist (Coal) Basis: "Moist" coal contains its natural

inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water

adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a

moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to

describe the data when the coal contains only that

moisture which exists in the bed in its natural state of

deposition, and when the coal has not lost any

moisture due to drying.

Naphtha: A genetic term applied to a petroleum

fraction with an approximate boiling range between

122 and 400 degrees fahrenheit.

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbons and small

quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the

gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.

Natural Gas (Dry): The marketable portion of

natural gas production, which is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas

liquids removed at natural gas processing plants, from

total production.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas

liquids recovered from natural gas in processing

plants and, in some situations, from natural gas field

facilities, as well as those extracted by fractionators.

Natural gas plant liquids are defined according to the

published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane,

isobutane, pentanes plus, and other products from

natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting

the standards for finished petroleum products

produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished motor gasoline, finished avaiation gasoline,

special naphthas, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products).

Nitrogen Oxide: NOx. A gas formed in hightemperature environments when nitrogen and oxygen

are present together. This typically occurs in a combustion chamber such as those in fossil-fuel burning

electric utilities. Nitrogen oxide emissions are a contributor to acid rain.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or

service at the time of the transaction. The nominal

price, which is expressed in current dollars, is not

adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

Nonutility Power Producers: A corporation, person,

agency, authority, or other legal entity or

instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity

and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying

small- power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without

a designated franchised service area and which do not

file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.)

Nuclear Electric Power: Electricity generated by an

electric power plant whose turbines are driven by

steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located

in a particular geographic area (State or region). If a

mine is mining coal across two counties within a

State, or across two States, then it is counted as two

operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by State and county.

Number of Mining Operations: The number of

mining operations includes preparation plants with

greater than 5,000 total direct labor hours. Mining

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant

or a preparation plant only will be counted as two

operations, if the preparation plant processes both

underground and surface coal. Exluded are silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except

for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during

the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000

employee hours.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market,

i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary

of the parent company.

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a

corporate joint venture in which a corporation is

owned by a small group of businesses as a separate

and specific business or project for the mutual benefit

of the members of the group.

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not

including coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or

chemical transformation of materials or substances

into new products (manufacturing); and companies

engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction

industries.

Other Unions: See Union Type.

Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit.

Parent Company: A company which solely or

jointly owns the reporting company and which is not

itself a subsidiary of, or owned by, another company.

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to

productive capacity, times 100.

Petroleum: Petroleum includes residential and

distillate fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum

fuels, excluding petroleum coke.

Petroleum Coke: A residue that is the final product

of the condensation process in cracking. The product

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 253 
is either marketable petroleum coke or catalyst petroleum coke.

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the

processing of crude oil (including lease condensate),

natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor

gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel,

kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,

petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas,

lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil,

still gas, and miscellaneous products.

Photovoltiac and Solar Thermal Energy (as used at

electric utilities): Energy radiated by the sun as

electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation)

that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by

means of solar (photovoltiac) cells or concentrating

(focusing) collectors.

Preparation Plant: A mining facility at which coal

is crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned.

Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks: Producer

and distributor coal stocks consist of coal held in

stock by producers/distributors at the end of a

reporting period.

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal

that a mining operation can produce or process during

a period with the existing mining equipment and/or

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment

are available, and that the market exists for the

maximum production.

Quadrillion Btu: 1015 Btu.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base

year.

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines: The quantity

of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from

existing coal reserves, as reported on Form EIA-7A.

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base.

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that

can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing

mines.

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process.

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry

dam, or dredge operation.

Report Year: The calendar year beginning at 12:00

a.m. January 1 and ending at 11:59 p.m. December 31.

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units;

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and

educational institutions (schools and universities); and

Federal, State, and local governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings).

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after

the distillate fuel oils and and lighter hydrocarbons

are distilled away in refinery operations and that

conform to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975.

Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium

viscosity; Navy Special, for use in steam-powered

vessels in government service and in shore power

plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil

and is used for commercial and industrial heating,

electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of

residual fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as

fuel.

Room-and-Pillar Mining: The most common

method of underground mining in which the mine roof

is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular

intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined;

pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms.

Room-and-pillar mining is done either by conventional or continuous mining.

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated

share of production from mineral deposits, by the

lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established

minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale

royalty rate increases by steps as the average production on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty

rate is based on average production and applies to all

production from the lease.

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal

and/or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is

approximately equivalent to production, which

includes coal sold, and coal added to stockpiles.

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by a

tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated

bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end

loader.

Semianthracite: See Anthracite.

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation.

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining

that involves the use of a continuous mining machine

and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to

200 feet wide and more than half a mile long.

Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall

mining is generally more flexible because of the

smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with

254 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996
longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the

mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.

SIC: See Standard Industrial Classification.

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes

defined as including very fine coal particles called

silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per

short ton. Synonymous with culm.

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A

mining operation producing coal from these sources

of coal. (See refuse mine.)

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the

entry is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit.

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a

preparation plant.

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as

heat or electricity.

Solar Thermal Collector: A devise designed to

receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal

energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar

thermal collector may be used immediately or stored

for later use.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of

codes developed by the Office of Management and

Budget which categorizes industries to groups with

similar economic activities.

Steam Coal: All noncoking coal.

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant,

or utility at the end of the reporting period.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum

stocks maintained by the Federal Government for use

during periods of major supply interruption.

Strip (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat

terrain to recover coal by mining long strips successively. The material excavated from the strip being

mined is deposited in the strip previously mined.

Subbituminous Coal: A dull black coal of rank

intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B

coal, and subbituminous C coal, classified according

to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a on a

moist mineral-matter-free basis:

Calorific

Value

Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT

Subbituminous A Coal 10500 11500

Subbituminous B Coal 9500 10500

Subbituminous C Coal 8300 9500

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Subbituminous coal is non-agglomerating.

Subbituminous A Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous B Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous C Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Sulfur: One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. In terms of sulfur content

by weight, coal is generally classified as low (less

than or equal to 1 percent), medium (greater than 1

percent and less than or equal to 3 percent), and high

(greater than 3 percent). Sulfur content is measured as

a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or a

"dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Sulfur Dioxide: SO2. A caustic, corrosive gas that is

a by-product of combustion and emissions from

fossil-fuel burning electric utility plants. The primary

agent in the production of acid rain.

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance that, introduced into or commingled with

natural gas, increases the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,

propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inert gases

added for Btu stabilization.

Surface Mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually

within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and

rock above or around the coal (overburden) is

removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined

with surface excavation equipment such as draglines,

power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may

also be known as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or

auger mine.

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for

transportation by rail or truck.

Transportation Sector: The transportation sector

consists of private and public vehicles that move

people and commodities. Included are automobiles,

trucks. buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways

(including streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and

natural gas pipelines.

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced

by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is

then mined with underground mining equipment such

as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are

classified according to the type of opening used to

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996 255 
reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined

tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel).

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery

processing, except those requiring only mechanical

blending. Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene

and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.

Union Type: Union type consists of United Mine

Workers of America (UMWA), and the following

"Other Union" types: Southern Labor Union (SLU),

Appalachian Miners of America (AMA), Scotia

Employees Association (SEA), International Union of

Operation Engineers (IUOE), Utility Workers of

America (UWA), Progressive Mine Workers Association (PMWA), International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), International Chemical

Workers Union (ICWU), Redstone Workers Association (RWA), Chariton Valley Independent Union

(CVIU), American Federation of Labor - Congress of

Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO), Labors International (LABO), Crow Hollow Miners (CROW), Coal

Strippers (COAL), United Steel Workers (USW),

Independent Miners Association (IMA), Independent

Union (INUN), Independence Miners, Brokers, and

Truckers Association (IMBT), Council of Southern

Mountains (CSM), International Brotherhood of

Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers

Union (TEAM), Thompson Creek Workers Association (TCWA), United Brotherhood of Clay Workers

(UBCW), Wilmot Employees Independent Union

(WEIU), Independent Strip Miners Union (ISMU),

Independent Miners (IM), Independent Workers (IW),

Coal Strippers Union (CSU), Independent Miners

Union (IMU), Independent Coal Workers (ICW),

Independent Strip Mining Workers (ISMW), Independent Strip Union (ISU), Association of Bituminous

Contractors (ABC), Arch Minerals Employees Association (AMEA), United Paperworkers International

Union (UPIU), Welch Miners Union (WMU), Falcon

Coal Employees Association (FCEA), Justus

Employees Association (JEA), International Construction Union (ICU), Brotherhood of Miners

(BOM), Western Energy Workers (WEW), Carlin

Independent Union (CIU), International Association

of United Workers Union (IAWU), and Stove,

Furnace and Allied Appliance Workers International

Union of N. A. (SFAW).

U.S. Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to

foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly

Report EM 545."

U.S. Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped

to the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly

Report IM 145."

Wind Energy (as used at electric utilities): The

kinetic energy of wind converted at electric utilities

into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades

rotating from the hub) that drive generators to

produce electricity for distribution.

Wood and Waste (as used at electric utilities):

Wood energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and

other industrial, agricultural, and urban refuse used to

generate electricity for distribution.

Volatile Matter: Those products, exclusive of

moisture, given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter is determined by heating the coal to 950

degrees centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and measuring the weight loss, excluding weight

of moisture driven off at 105 degrees centigrade.

256 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1996