IV 

116TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. RES. 1147 

Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the importance of taking a feminist approach to all aspects of foreign policy, 

including foreign assistance and humanitarian response, trade, diplomacy, 

defense, immigration, funding, and accountability mechanisms. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SEPTEMBER 23, 2020 

Ms. SPEIER (for herself, Ms. LEE of California, Ms. FRANKEL, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Ms. WILD, Ms. MENG, Ms. 

CLARKE of New York, Ms. JUDY CHU of California, Ms. NORTON, Mrs. 

CAROLYN B. MALONEY of New York, Ms. OMAR, Mr. COOPER, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. SHERMAN, Ms. HOULAHAN, Ms. VELA ́ZQUEZ, Ms. HAALAND, 

Mr. LOWENTHAL, Mr. WELCH, Ms. SA ́NCHEZ, Mrs. LOWEY, and Mr. 

KENNEDY) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 

Committee on Foreign Affairs 

RESOLUTION 

Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the importance of taking a feminist approach to 

all aspects of foreign policy, including foreign assistance 

and humanitarian response, trade, diplomacy, defense, 

immigration, funding, and accountability mechanisms. 

Whereas a feminist approach to public policy requires meaningful analysis of and proactive challenges to patriarchal 

power structures and inequalities based on intersecting 

systems of oppression, including discrimination on the 

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ical or mental ability, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, indigenous identity, religion, ethnicity, 

citizenship, and nationality or migrant status; 

Whereas foreign policy reflects how a government defines and 

prioritizes peace and security, structures international 

trade, provides humanitarian aid and development assistance, and works with other nations and nonstate actors; 

Whereas feminist foreign policy is the policy of a state that 

defines its interactions with other states, as well as movements and other nonstate actors, in a manner that— 

(1) prioritizes peace, gender equality, and environmental integrity; 

(2) enshrines, promotes, and protects the human 

rights of all; 

(3) seeks to disrupt colonial, racist, patriarchal, and 

male-dominated power structures; and 

(4) allocates significant resources, including research, to achieve that vision; 

Whereas feminist foreign policy is coherent in its approach 

across its levers of influence, anchored by the exercise of 

those values at home and cocreated with feminist activists, organizations, movements, and stakeholders, at 

home and abroad; 

Whereas women’s rights are human rights, and foreign policy 

in the United States should be representative, inclusive, 

responsive, and accountable to stakeholders, and should 

take an intersectional approach, utilizing a power-based 

analysis that reveals, acknowledges, and seeks to correct 

for inequalities; 

Whereas feminist foreign policy includes a focus on key thematic priorities of bodily autonomy, peace, environmental 


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integrity, and justice, which are often left behind in foreign policy development and discourse; 

Whereas even though women and girls make up approximately half of the world’s population, they face considerable disparities relative to men and boys in their access 

to rights, resources, and agency around the world, and— 

(1) as of 2019, women had just three-fourths of the 

legal rights that men had on average; 

(2) the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender 

Gap report for 2020 estimates that at the current rate 

of change, it will take 99.5 years for there to be gender 

parity across the four dimensions it examines: health and 

survival, economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, and political empowerment; 

(3) in 2019, around the world women held only 25.2 

percent of parliamentary seats and 21.2 percent of ministerial positions; 

(4) approximately 35 percent of women globally have 

experienced gender-based violence, which increases in crisis settings resulting in some settings having over 70 percent of women experiencing gender-based violence; 

(5) in 2019, only 4.7 percent of military contingents 

and 10.8 percent of uniformed police units in United Nations peacekeeping missions were women; 

(6) in low- and middle-income countries, 

218,000,000 women have an unmet need for family planning services and supplies; 

(7) women face more constraints than men do in accessing foreign markets; 

(8) immigration law itself tends to marginalize 

women, relying on outmoded models of family, migration 

patterns, and economic mobility that often fail to account 

for the reality of women’s lives when migrating; 


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(9) women and girls face increased risks in crisis; 

and 

(10) women provide over 43 percent of the agricultural labor in low- and middle-income countries, yet comprise more than 60 percent of the world’s chronically 

hungry people; 

Whereas in a world in which there is gender equality and 

women can fully participate in all spheres of life— 

(1) global gross domestic product could increase by 

$28,000,000,000,000 over 10 years; 

(2) the number of hungry people could be reduced 

by 100 to 150 million if women had equal access to agricultural resources; and 

(3) peace agreements are 35 percent more likely to 

last over 15 years when women are an integral part of 

peace processes; 

Whereas as foreign assistance by the United States helps 

tens of millions of people each year, often providing lifesaving aid while only accounting for about 1 percent of 

the United States Federal budget, a smaller amount supports gender equality, and— 

(1) about 2 percent of assistance in 2018 was reported as specifically for gender equality programs; 

(2) only about 16 percent of assistance in 2018 was 

reported as including key components to address gender 

equality issues within projects that have a primary focus 

other than gender equality across all sectors; and 

(3) an even smaller amount of aid funding finds its 

way to local, women-led and feminist organizations and 

grassroots gender equality movements, and in 2018, the 

United States only disbursed $4,400,000 to women’s 

rights organizations and institutions and in the past 10 


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years has not disbursed more than $10,000,000 in a 

year; 

Whereas a feminist foreign assistance policy in the United 

States would promote gender equality and focus on the 

experience of women and people who experience multiple 

and intersecting forms of discrimination, such as genderbased violence, lack of access to sexual and reproductive 

health, lack of access to education, and the burden of unpaid care responsibilities; 

Whereas the impacts of COVID–19 highlight the need to take 

a feminist approach to foreign policy with many impacts 

likely to disproportionately affect women and girls, including— 

(1) UNESCO estimates that over 91 percent of students and 99 percent of teachers have been affected by 

COVID–19 school closures, and that approximately 

1,000,000,000 students will have their learning disrupted 

during the 2020–2021 academic year, which could include more than 550,000,000 girls; 

(2) COVID–19 will disrupt efforts to end child marriage, potentially resulting in an additional 13,000,000 

child marriages taking place between 2020 and 2030 that 

could otherwise have been averted; 

(3) over 48,000,000 additional women will have an 

unmet need for modern contraceptives, and over 

15,000,000 additional unintended pregnancies in lowand middle-income countries are expected to occur as a 

result of the COVID–19 pandemic; 

(4) decision-making bodies established specifically 

for COVID–19 do not reflect a gender balance, such as 

the Coronavirus Task Force, appointed by President 

Trump, which is comprised of mostly men; 


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(5) an additional 15,000,000 cases of gender-based 

violence are expected to occur for every 3 months the 

lockdown continues; 

(6) due to the disruption of programs to prevent female genital mutilation in response to COVID–19, 

2,000,000 female genital mutilation cases may occur over 

the next decade that could have been averted; and 

(7) of the 740,000,000 women working in the informal economy, 42 percent are in high-risk sectors that are 

most likely to result in job loss or reductions in hours 

worked as a result of COVID–19, and stay at home orders, compounded by limited access to social protection 

support, including health care, income, food support, and 

maternity protection, worsen impacts for women; 

Whereas, in 2020, over 70,000,000 people are displaced from 

their homes due to violence, disaster, conflict, and persecution, more than 165,000,000 people are in need of humanitarian assistance, and tools to center women, girls, 

and people of all gender identities in humanitarian responses, such as the Inter-Agency Standing Committee 

Gender Handbook for Humanitarian Action, should be 

used to respond; 

Whereas trade is a necessary and vital component of a nation’s economic success and growth and a key part of its 

engagement with other nations; 

Whereas, in 2019, United States exports and imports of 

goods totaled $1,600,000,000,000 and 

$2,500,000,000,000, respectively; 

Whereas a feminist trade policy would promote women’s 

rights and equitable and dignified labor practices 

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gate the harmful impacts of climate change associated 

with trade; 

Whereas feminist diplomacy fosters increased collaboration 

and cooperation among state and nonstate actors, including championing equality and supporting the institutions 

and mechanisms that facilitate cooperation, nonmilitary 

conflict resolution, and peaceful competition, and that 

mitigate the effects of climate change; 

Whereas defense efforts support the goal of a more peaceful, 

equitable, and healthy planet, with peace as the ultimate 

aim of defense, and a military policy that prevents and 

responds to gender-based violence in conflict and meaningfully includes women and those who face discrimination in security forces, peace negotiations, and 

postconflict rebuilding; 

Whereas migration remains a global and growing phenomenon; the number of international migrants reached 

an estimated 275,000,000 persons in 2019; women constitute nearly half of global migrant flows; the United 

States is the leading country of destination, hosting 

44,800,000 foreign born people, including 22,600,000 

naturalized citizens; and a feminist approach to immigration would integrate an analysis of the impact of immigration policy on women, children, people of all gender 

identities, and indigenous people; and 

Whereas strong transparency and accountability are critical 

to ensuring that promises to advance a feminist approach 

are honored through full funding and include the development of participatory approaches to policy formulation 

and implementation, the setting and reaching of specific, 

time-bound and measurable goals that do no harm and 

are desired by and beneficial to those impacted, and 


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transparent reporting on the progress toward goals: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 

2 (1) supports the goals of a feminist foreign pol3 icy; 

4 (2) recognizes that a whole of government effort 

5 that ensures coherence of a feminist approach across 

6 all streams of foreign policy is necessary to achieve 

7 those goals, and must include— 

8 (A) high-level leadership with a mandate to 

9 design and implement a feminist foreign policy 

10 with clearly articulated objectives; 

11 (B) commitment to gender parity, diver12 sity, equity, and inclusion, both internally 

13 among leadership and staff and externally, co14 created with feminist civil society groups and 

15 other stakeholders outside of government; 

16 (C) the adoption of a zero-tolerance policy 

17 on gender-based violence and workplace harass18 ment, immediately eliminating policies that 

19 allow abusers to move from one post to another 

20 once accused without facing consequences re21 lated to their employment or promotion; 

22 (D) training and capacity-building to en23 sure robust implementation; 


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1 (E) gender analysis underlying all aspects 

2 of foreign policy; 

3 (F) adequate resourcing to ensure all of 

4 the above; and 

5 (G) regular and public reporting on efforts 

6 and outcomes; and 

7 (3) commits to work with feminist civil society 

8 groups and other stakeholders inside and outside of 

9 government to advance a more feminist foreign pol10 icy in the United States. 

Æ 


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