DOE/EIA-0584(93) 

Distribution Category UC-950 

Coal Industry Annual 1993 

RECEIVE 

DEC 2 7 1994 

OST l 

December 1994 

NOTICE 

This is the first issue of the Coal Industry Annual. Because this is a new 

report, we encourage our subscribers to offer suggestions or comments for 

improving the usefulness of the report either through incorporating 

additional data or by eliminating some of the currently published data. Also, 

please let us know if you want these tables via the Energy Information 

Administration's Electronic Publishing System (EPUB) or other electronic 

means such as diskette. Please forward your comments and suggestions to 

Mary K. Paull, EI-522, Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, 

S.W., Washington, DC 20585 (telephone 202/254-5379; fax 202/254-6233). 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

DISTF^UTIOW OF THJS DOCUMENT S3 UNLIMITED 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and 

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be 

construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other 

organization. 
Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Frederick L. Freme, 

Stephen Scott, and Thomas Murphy under the direction of Mary K. Paull, Team Leader, Coal Data Surveys, and Noel C. Balthasar, Chief, Coal and Uranium 

Data Systems Branch, Survey Management Division, 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels. 

Specific information about the data in this report can 

be obtained from Frederick L. Freme (202/254-5367). 

All other questions on coal statistics should be directed 

to the National Energy Information Center 

(202/586-8800). 

11 Energy Information Admlnlstration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
DISCLAIMER 

This report was .prepared as an account of work sponsored 

by an agency of the United States Government. Neither 

the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor 

any of their employees, make any warranty, express or 

implied, or assumes any iegai liability or responsibility for 

the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any 

information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or 

represents that its use would not infringe privately owned 

rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial 

product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, 

manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute 

or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by 

the United States Government or any agency thereof. The 

views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not 

necessarily state or reflect those of the United States 

Government or any agency thereof. 
DISCLAIMER 

Portions of this document may be illegible 

in electronic image products. Images are 

produced from the best available original 

document. 
Preface 

Coal Industry Annual 1993 replaces the publication 

Coal Production (DOE/EIA-0125). See the Explanatory Notes for a mapping of tables from Coal Production 

to the Coal Industry Annual. This report presents additional tables and expanded versions of tables previously presented in Coal Production, including production, number of mines, productivity, employment, productive capacity, and recoverable reserves. This report 

also presents data on coal consumption, coal distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, coal quality, and emissions 

for a wide audience including the Congress, Federal 

and State agencies, the coal industry, and the general 

public. In addition, Appendix A contains a compilation 

of coal statistics for the major coal-producing States. 

This report does not include coal consumption data 

for nonutility power producers who are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining, construction, or commercial sectors. This consumption is estimated to be 5 

million short tons in 1993. 

The data presented in the report were collected and 

published by the Energy Information Administration 

(EIA), to fulfill its data collection and dissemination 

responsibilities, as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as 

amended. The Demonstrated Reserve Base (DRB) 

data that were previously presented in Coal Production 

are not presented in this report as these data are now 

reported in U.S. Coal Reserves: An Update by Heat and 

Sulfur Content (DOE/EIA-0529). This report does 

however present the recoverable portion of the DRB 

in Table 105. 

This report constitutes the 18th annual report on coal 

production published by EIA and continues the series 

formerly included as a chapter in the Minerals Yearbook 

published by the Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate 

Fuels gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the 

respondents in supplying the information presented in 

this report and appreciates the valuable assistance of 

State coal mining agencies, the U.S. Department of 

the Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the Minerals Management Service, the U.S. Department of Labor: the Mine Safety and Health Administration, the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics, The U.S. Department of 

Commerce: the Bureau of the Census, and the King 

Publishing Corporation. 

A dragline digs into the seam of a large surface mine in the West 

Energy Information Admlnistratlon/Coal Industry Annual 1993 

Contents 

Page 

Executive Summary xi 

Coal's Role in the U.S. Energy Picture xi 

Major Events Affecting the Coal Industry xi 

Supply xiii 

Demand xiv 

Company Mergers and Sales xvi 

Supply 1 

Production 3 

Productive Capacity 25 

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines 36 

Producer/Distributor Stocks 47 

Imports 49 

Employment and Productivity 57 

Employment 58 

Productivity 70 

Distribution 85 

Demand 121 

Domestic Markets 123 

Foreign Markets 136 

Coal Prices 143 

Mine Prices 145 

Consumer Prices 160 

Import Prices 167 

Export Prices 169 

Coal Quality and Emissions 177 

Appendices 

A. Major Coal Producing States 195 

B. Metric Tables 217 

C. Reference Tables and Maps 235 

D. Explanatory Notes 241 

E. Selected Coal References 255 

Glossary 257 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 v 
Tables 

Page 

1. Coal Production by State, 1984, 1989-1993 5 

2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 6 

3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1993 7 

4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1993 8 

5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1993 12 

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 

1993 13 

7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1993 15 

8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 1993 ... . 16 

9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1993 17 

10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1993 18 

11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 19 

12. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal and Indian Leases by State, 

1993 21 

13. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1993 22 

14. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1993 23 

15. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 26 

16. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 27 

17. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine 

Type, 1993 28 

18. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 1993 29 

19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1993 . 30 

20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 1993 31 

21. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and Capacity Utilization 

Range, 1993 32 

22. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1993 33 

23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, Mine Type, and 

Union Type, 1993 34 

24. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1984, 1989-1993 38 

25. Average Recovery Percentage at Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 39 

26. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Mines by State and Mine 

Type, 1993 40 

27. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 1993 . 41 

28. Average Recovery Percentage at Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 

1993 42 

29. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1993 43 

30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Mines by Coalbed 

Thickness and Mine Type, 1993 43 

31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Mines by State, Mine 

Type, and Union Type, 1993 44 

32. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Production from Producing Federal Coal Leases 

by State, Fiscal Year 1993 46 

33. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1989-1993 48 

34. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 51 

35. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1984, 1989-1993 52 

36. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1984, 

1989-1993 53 

37. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and Destination State, 

1984, 1989-1993 54 

38. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1992-1993 55 

39. Average Number of Miners by State, 1984, 1989-1993 60 

40. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 61 

41. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 62 

vi Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
42. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1993 63 

43. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 

1993 64 

44. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1993 .. . 65 

45. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 66 

46. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1984, 1989-1993 69 

47. Profile of U.S. Coal Miners, 1986, 1992 69 

48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 71 

49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 72 

50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 73 

51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1993 74 

52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine Type, 1984, 1989-1993 ... . 76 

53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1993 78 

54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1993 79 

55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1993 80 

56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1993 81 

57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 83 

58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1989-1993 87 

59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1989-1993 88 

60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1993 89 

61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and State, and Destination 

Census Division and State, 1989-1993 90 

62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 

1989-1993 103 

63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1989-1993 106 

64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 

1989-1993 108 

65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1993 Ill 

66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1993 125 

67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 127 

68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 129 

69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 . 130 

70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 131 

71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 132 

72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 133 

73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 134 

74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 134 

75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 135 

76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 138 

77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 139 

78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 140 

79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1984, 1989-1993 141 

80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1984, 1989-1993 146 

81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1984, 1989-1993 147 

82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1993 148 

83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1993 149 

84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, by State and County, 1993 . . 150 

85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1993 154 

86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1993 155 

87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1993 155 

88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1993 156 

89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1993 157 

90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1993 158 

91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1993 159 

92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 162 

93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 163 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 vii 
94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 164 

95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and 

State, 1984, 1989-1993 165 

96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 166 

97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 .• 166 

98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 . 168 

99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 170 

100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 171 

101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 172 

102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 .. . 173 

103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 174 

104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 175 

105. Estimate of the Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and Mine Type ... . 178 

106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 180 

107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Census Division 

and State, 1992-1993 184 

108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census Division and State, 

1989-1993 188 

109. Estimated Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation by Census Division, State, and 

Fuel, 1993 192 

Al. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 196 

A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 197 

A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 198 

A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 199 

A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 200 

A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 201 

A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 202 

A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 203 

A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 204 

A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 205 

All. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 206 

A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 207 

A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 208 

A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 209 

A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 210 

A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 211 

A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 212 

A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 213 

Bl. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1984, 

1989-1993 218 

B2. Coal Production by State, 1984, 1989-1993 219 

B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 220 

B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1984, 1989-1993 221 

B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 222 

B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 223 

B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 224 

B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 225 

B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destinaion, 1984, 1989-1993 226 

B10. Average Mine Price by State, 1984, 1989-1993 227 

Bll. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 228 

B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 229 

B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 230 

B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 . 231 

B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 232 

CI. Classification of Coals by Rank 236 

C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal 237 

viii Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Dl. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations 243 

D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1993 245 

D3. Gross Domestic Product, Implicit Price Deflator, 1983-1993 252 

Illustrations 

Page 

1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1993 4 

2. Production by Foreign-Controlled Firms as a Percentage of Total U.S. Coal Production, 

1976, 1986, 1991, 1993 24 

3. Recoverable Coal Reserves at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1984-1993 . . 37 

4. Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1984-1993 37 

5. U.S. Coal Imports, 1984-1993 50 

6. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1984-1993 59 

7. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1984-1993 59 

8. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1984-1993 68 

9. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1984-1993 68 

10. Coal Distribution, 1984-1993 86 

11. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1984-1993 124 

12. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1984-1993 128 

13. U.S. Coal Exports, 1984-1993 137 

14. Coal Prices, 1984-1993 144 

15. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1984-1993 161 

CI. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States 235 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 ix 

~£<r,<%> \, 

Executive Summary 

Coal's Role in the U.S. 

Energy Picture 

Coal remained a dominant energy source in the United 

States in 1993, despite events that stemmed its growth. 

Total U.S. energy production declined in 1993 for the 

third consecutive year, down 2 percent to 66 

quadrillion Btu. Most of the decline was attributed to 

lower coal production, which fell 1.1 quadrillion Btu 

from the 1992 level to 20.5 quadrillion Btu, and lower 

crude oil production, which fell 0.7 quadrillion Btu to 

14.5 quadrillion Btu. 

U.S. total energy consumption reached a record level 

of 84 quadrillion Btu in 1993, the second consecutive 

year of growth (Table ESI). The increase was primarily due to higher consumption of coal and natural gas. 

Consumption of coal in 1993 rose 4 percent to 926 

million short tons, 20 quadrillion Btu. The growth occurred primarily at electric utilities where 88 percent 

of the coal was consumed. Coal's share of U.S. electricity generation in 1993 was 57 percent, slightly 

higher than in 1992 (Table ES2). Electric utilities used 

coal to meet the 4-percent increase in electricity demand and to make up for the loss of generation from 

nuclear-powered plants that were temporarily out of 

operation for maintenance. 

For the second year in a row, coal exports declined, 

and, for the first time on record, coal was replaced by 

crude oil as the primary U.S. energy export. Coal exports dropped 27 percent from the 1993 level to 1.95 

quadrillion Btu. U.S. coal imports reached a record 

level of 0.18 quadrillion Btu up 80 percent from the 

1992 level. However, U.S. coal imports represented 

only about 1 percent of total U.S. energy imports (Table ES3 and Figure ESI). Table ES4 presents national 

summary level statistics on coal supply, distribution, 

demand, and prices for 1984 and 1989 through 1993. 

Major Events Affecting the 

Coal Industry 

The coal industry was heavily affected in 1993 by two 

events. The first event was the United Mine Workers 

of America (UMWA) strike against selected operations 

of the Bituminous Coal Operators Association 

(BCOA). The second was the severe flooding along 

the upper Mississippi and Missouri River Basins. 

UMWA Strike 

The UMWA strike was the primary reason for the 

52-million-short-ton drop in coal production. The first 

portion of the strike included 7,500 miners in four 

States who worked for Peabody Holding Company 

subsidiaries. It began on February 2, 1993, and ended 

on March 3, 1993, when both sides agreed to extend 

the 1988 contract for 60 days. This 1-month work stoppage did not affect consumer coal receipts substantially 

because deliveries continued from coal stockpiled at 

the mines prior to the start of the work stoppage, and 

spot market coal was available to make up any shortages. 

On May 10, 1993, after unsuccessful negotiations, the 

UMWA began a "selective strike," targeting individual 

BCOA operations. The strike was expanded eight times 

before workers began returning to work on December 

16, 1993. Five U.S. producers bore the brunt of the 

selective strike: the Peabody Holding Company, the 

Consolidation Coal Company, the Ziegler Coal Holding Company, the Arch Mineral Corporation, and Ashland Coal Inc. 

During the main 7-month strike period from May to 

December 1993, these companies accounted for over 

90 percent of the production loss due to the strike. The 

production loss by these companies ranged between 

50 and 60 million short tons based on their 1992 mine 

level production figures. Other major companies affected by the strike, but to a lesser extent, included 

AMAX Coal, the Island Creek Coal Company, Keystone Coal Mining Corporation, and the Rochester and 

Pittsburgh Coal Company. 

The EI A has estimated, based on 1992 company reported production for the struck mines, that the 1993 

coal production lost by all companies that were struck 

amounted to approximately 70 million short tons. By 

State of origin, the approximate losses were 30 million 

short tons in West Virginia, 17 million short tons in 

Illinois, 8 million short tons in Kentucky, 6 million 

short tons in Indiana, 4 million short tons in Pennsylvania, 3 million short tons in Virginia, and 1 million 

short tons in Ohio. For a majority of the 7 month strike 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 XI 
Table ES1. U.S. Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Quadrillion Btu) 

Activity and 

Energy Source 

1993p 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1993-1992 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Production 65.81 

Coal 20.49 

Natural Gas (Dry) 18.98 

Crude Oil 1 14.48 

Natural Gas Plant Liquids 2.40 

Nuclear Electric Power 6.52 

Hydroelectric Power2 2.76 

Other8 .18 

Imports 21.19 

Natural Gas 2.29 

Crude Oil 4 14.63 

Petroleum Products5 3.67 

Coal .18 

Other6 .42 

Exports 4.31 

Coal 1.95 

Crude Oil 2.11 

Other7 .25 

Adjustments8 1.27 

Consumption 83.96 

Coal 19.63 

Natural Gas9 20.79 

Petroleum10 33.77 

Nuclear Electric Power 6.52 

Hydroelectric Power11 3.06 

Other" .20 

66.85 67.48 67.85 66.13 65.96 -1.6 -0.1 * 

21.59 21.59 22.46 21.35 19.72 -5.1 -1.0 0.4 

18.38 18.23 18.36 17.85 18.01 3.3 1.5 .6 

15.22 15.70 15.57 16.12 18.85 -4.9 -2.6 -2.9 

2.36 2.31 2.17 2.16 2.27 1.5 2.7 .6 

6.61 6.58 6.16 5.68 3.55 -1.4 3.5 7.0 

2.50 2.88 2.93 2.77 3.39 10.5 * -2.2 

.19 .19 .20 .22 .17 -6.4 -4.7 .3 

19.65 18.58 18.99 18.95 12.77 7.8 2.8 5.8 

2.16 1.80 1.55 1.39 .85 5.8 13.3 11.7 

13.25 12.55 12.77 12.60 7.30 10.4 3.8 8.0 

3.71 3.79 4.35 4.57 4.13 -1.2 -5.3 -1.3 

.10 .08 .07 .07 .03 80.0 26.6 22.0 

.42 .35 .25 .33 .46 -6.2 -1.0 

5.02 5.22 4.91 4.77 3.80 -14.1 -2.5 1.4 

2.68 2.85 2.77 2.64 2.15 -27.3 -7.3 -1.1 

2.01 2.13 1.82 1.84 1.54 5.1 3.5 3.5 

.33 .24 .31 .29 .11 -23.7 -3.8 9.8 

.66 .28 -.67 1.02 -.78 - - -

82.14 81.12 81.26 81.33 74.14 2.2 .8 1.4 

18.87 18.77 19.10 18.93 17.07 4.0 .9 1.6 

20.13 19.61 19.30 19.38 18.51 3.3 1.8 1.3 

33.53 32.85 33.55 34.21 31.05 .7 -.3 .9 

6.61 6.58 6.16 5.68 3.55 -1.4 3.5 7.0 

2.79 3.12 2.95 2.88 3.80 9.6 1.5 -2.4 

.22 .20 .21 .25 .16 -10.1 -5.6 2.1 

Includes lease condensate. 

Electric utility and industrial generation. 

"Other" production is electricity generated for distribution from wood, waste, geothermal, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy. 

Includes imports of crude oil for the Stategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 

Includes imports of unfinished oils and natural gas plant liquids. 

"Other" imports are electricity and coal coke. 

"Other" exports are natural gas, petroleum products, electricity and coal coke. 

A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted for supply. 

Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 

1 0

 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. 

1 1

 Electric utility and industrial generation, and net imports of electricity. 

1 2

 "Other" consumption is net imports of coal coke and electricity generated for distribution from wood, waste, geothermal, wind photovoltaic, and solar 

thermal energy. 

* Data round to zero. 

p

 P=Preliminary data. 

Notes: Due to lack of consistent historical data, some renewable energy sources are not included. For 1991 consumption, 3.3 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy consumed by U.S. electric utilities to generate electricity for distribution is included, but an estimated 3.4 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy used by other sectors in the United States is not included. Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1993, DOE/EIA-0384(93), Table 1.1. 

Table ES2. Share of U.S. Electric Utility Net Generation of Electricity by 

Source, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Percent) 

Energy Source 

Coal 

Natural Gas 

Petroleum' 

Nuclear Power 

Hydroelectric Power 

Geothermal and Other2 

Total 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

56.9 56.3 54.9 55.5 55.8 55.5 

9.0 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.6 12.4 

3.5 3.2 3.9 4.2 5.7 5.0 

21.2 22.1 21.7 20.5 19.0 13.5 

9.2 8.6 9.8 10.0 9.5 13.3 

.3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil (including crude oil burned as fuel), jet fuel, and petroleum coke. 

Other is wood, waste, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy used to generate electricity for distribution. 

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

XII Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
period, nearly 17,000 miners were out of work at approximately 100 mining operations. During the strike, 

some of the lost production was made up for by increased production by other companies and increased 

coal purchases by the affected companies. 

As the prospects for a settlement diminished, the Secretary of Labor appointed a Federal mediator, which 

eventually resulted in the ratification of a new 5-year 

contract in December 1993. Terms of the contract included increases in wages and pensions, and agreement 

that 60 percent of new job openings would be filled 

by laid-off and active UMWA miners. The companies, 

in turn, won the right to establish more flexible work 

rules and scheduling of miners. Some health care benefits were expanded; however, a new health care system was established that was designed to reduce costs. 

This 7-month strike had a substantial impact on consumer coal receipts, stocks, and prices, particularly at 

electric utility plants. 

Severe Flooding 

Severe flooding along the upper Mississippi River and 

Missouri River Basins from June through August disrupted the delivery of coal to consumers, primarily 

electric utilities. States affected by the flooding included Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Kansas. 

However, electric utility plants beyond this area were 

also affected. Unit coal trains from the Powder River 

Basin pass through these States on their way to power 

plants located in the South and the East. Trains were 

delayed or rerouted around the flooded region. As late 

as November, some coal train cycle times from the 

Powder River Basin, Utah, and Colorado were running 

as much as 30 percent longer than normal. 

In addition to the flooding, the demand for western 

coal increased because electric utilities tried to replace 

coal lost due to the the coal strike, to rebuild coal 

stocks, and to switch to low-sulfur coal before the January 1,1995, deadline set by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. 

Some power plants in the flooded region did not receive any coal by train or barge from late June until 

the waters receded in late August. Fuel-switching from 

coal to gas occurred at some power plants in order to 

conserve coal supplies and was necessary at other 

power plants because coal stocks were wet and coalhandling equipment could not be operated. In addition, 

some electric utilities purchased power from electric 

utilities unaffected by the flood. 

Supply 

Production 

U.S. coal production in 1993 totaled 945 million short 

tons, 52 million short tons less than in 1992, resulting 

in a corresponding decline in capacity utilization at 

mines from 80 percent in 1992 to 75 percent in 1993. 

The strike was one of the primary causes of the declines; however, another significant factor was a 

27-percent drop in coal exports. Wyoming was the 

leading coal-producing State followed by Kentucky 

and West Virginia. 

The UMWA strike primarily affected coal production 

east of the Mississippi River. Since domestic consumption was strong, particularly in the electric utility sector, consumers and producers/distributors drew down 

stocks to meet the demand, 43 million short tons and 

9 million short tons, respectively. At the end of 1993, 

producer and distributor stocks totaled 25 million short 

tons, the lowest end-of-year level since 1981. In addition, coal imports, which were almost twice the 1992 

level, filled some of the increase in demand. 

Compared with 1992, all States east of the Mississippi 

River, with the exception of Maryland, produced less 

coal in 1993, led by West Virginia, Illinois, and Pennsylvania, which produced 32 million short tons, 19 million short tons, and 9 million short tons less coal, respectively. There was a net loss of 265 mines and 8,249 

miners in States east of the Mississippi River. Miner 

productivity in this region, which for the last few years 

had a gain of from 4 to 7 percent, only went up 1 

percent to 3.11 short tons per miner per hour. 

Coal production west of the Mississippi River in 1993 

rose by 20 million short tons from 1992, primarily due 

to a 20-million-short ton increase in Wyoming coal 

output. The number of mines in this region declined 

by 6 and the number of miners declined by 625, while 

coal miner productivity rose 10 percent to 12.14 short 

tons per miner per hour. 

Coal Mine Prices 

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1993 was $19.85 

per short ton, down 6 percent (8 percent in real terms) 

from the 1992 level of $21.03 per short ton. The largest 

decrease in coal prices occurred at mines west of the 

Mississippi River, 4 percent (6 percent in real terms), 

while coal prices at mines east of the Mississippi River 

dropped 2 percent (4 percent in real terms). 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table ES3. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and 

Stocks, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Activity 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Production 945 998 996 1,029 981 896 -5.2 -0.9 

Imports 7 4 3 3 3 1 92.2 26.5 

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 25 34 33 33 29 34 -25.6 -3.4 

Consumption 926 892 888 895 890 791 3.8 1.0 

Exports 75 103 109 106 101 81 -27.3 -7.3 

Consumer Stocks1 120 164 168 168 146 197 -26.4 -4.7 

0.6 

21 3 

-3.3 

1 8 

-1.0 

-5.3 

1

 Reported as of the last day of the quarter. 

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and 

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report;" and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing 

Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

Coal Imports 

U.S. coal imports reached 7.3 million short tons in 

1993, a record level and 92 percent more than in 1992. 

Most of the increase in coal imports was due to higher 

shipments to electric utilities from Colombia, Venezuela, and Indonesia and to coke plants from Canada. 

Imported coal prices in 1993 dropped 11 percent to 

$29.89 per short ton. The price of coal imports from 

South America dropped while those from Indonesia 

and Canada increased. Coal imports in 1993 were valued at $218 million. 

eral nuclear plant outages occurred during the year. 

Coal use increased in all States within the East North 

Central Census Division, where the increase in electric 

utility coal consumption was particularly high in Illinois. Illinois and other States in the region turned to 

Wyoming and other western States for more of their 

coal supplies. 

Coal consumption at industrial plants, except coke 

plants, totaled 75 million short tons, up slightly from 

the 1992 level. Most of the gain took place in the West 

South Central Census Division, primarily in Oklahoma 

and Texas. Coal consumption at manufacturing plants 

rose 2 percent primarily in the stone, clay, and glass 

industries 

Demand 

Coal Consumption 

In 1993, domestic coal consumption reached a record 

level of 926 million short tons, nearly 4 percent higher 

than in 1992. The increase was primarily due to the 4.3 

percent increase in electric utility consumption, which 

resulted from an increase in electricity demand. The 

hot summer of 1993 combined with the relatively cool 

summer of 1992, resulted in a 6-percent increase in residential electricity demand. Electricity demand was 

also spurred by economic growth. A decrease in U.S. 

net electricity imports from Canada also boosted electric utility coal consumption as domestic coal-fired 

generation replaced imported Canadian electricity. 

The growth in electric utility coal consumption was 

concentrated in the Midwest and Southeast, where sevCoal consumption at coke plants in 1993 declined 3 

percent to 31 million short tons, primarily because consumption at coke plants in Ohio and Indiana dropped. 

Although U.S. pig iron production rose slightly in 

1993, part of the increased demand for coke was met 

by drawdowns in coke inventories, rather than by increasing coke production. 

Residential and commercial coal consumption in 1993 

rose slightly. Most of the gain took place in the South 

Atlantic, Pacific, and West North Central Census Divisions, which was offset by a large decline in the Middle Atlantic Census Division, particularly in Pennsylvania. 

The average sulfur content (measured as percent sulfur 

by weight) of coal received at electric utilities in 1993 

was 1.18 percent, down from 1.29 percent in 1992. The 

quality of coal received at manufacturing and coke 

plants in 1993, however, showed an increase in the 

sulfur content. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Figure ES1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and 

Stocks, 1984-1993 

1200 

w 

o 

E 

SZ 

D 

o 

w 

c 

o 

o 

c 

o 

100 

— 10-

Production 

Consumption 

Consumer Stocks 

Exports 

Producer/Distributor Stocks 

Imports 

I I 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Sources : • Production : Energy Informatio n Administratio n (EIA), Form EIA-7A , "Coa l Production; " U.S. Departmen t of 

Labor, Mine Safety an d Healt h Administration , Form 7000—2,"Quarterl y Mine Employmen t an d Coal Production Report; " 

a n d Stat e Mining Agency Coal Production Reports . • Imports : U.S. Departmen t of Commerce , Burea u of the Census , 

"Monthl y Report IM 145. " • Produce r an d Distributo r Stocks : EIA, Form EIA-6 , "Coa l Distributio n Report. " • Exports : U.S. 

Departmen t of Commerce , Burea u of the Census , "Monthl y Report EM 545. " • Consumptio n an d Consume r Stocks : EIA, 

Form EIA—759, "Monthl y Powe r Plant Report; " Form EIA —3 , "Quarterl y Coal Consumptio n Report - Manufacturin g Plants; " 

Form EIA —5, "Cok e Plant Report - Quarterly; " an d Form EIA-6 , "Coa l Distributio n Report. " 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Coal Stocks 

Since 1984 there has been a downward trend in the 

level of coal stocks held by coal consumers, particularly electric utilities. With abundant coal supplies and 

falling coal prices, many utilities decided to reduce 

costs by adjusting their stockpiles to the lowest prudent 

level. 

In 1993, the UMW A strike caused consumer coal stocks 

to reach record low levels. Because of the drop in production that resulted from the strike, electric utilities 

in particular drew down their stockpiles to help meet 

the increase in demand. 

U.S. consumer coal stocks on December 31, 1993, totaled 120 million short tons, 43 million short tons less 

than at the end of 1992. Almost all of the decrease was 

due to a 28-percent drop in coal stocks at electric utilities. Year-end electric utility coal stocks equaled 111 

million short tons, the lowest end-of-year level since 

1974. Coal stocks at coke plants and other industrial 

plants also declined by 8 percent and 4 percent, respectively. 

Delivered Coal Prices 

The price of coal delivered to all domestic consuming 

sectors declined in 1993. The delivered price of coal 

to electric utilities declined by 3 percent (5 percent in 

real terms) to $28.58 per short ton; to industrial plants 

by 2 percent (4 percent in real terms) to $32.23; and to 

coke plants by 1 percent (3 percent in real terms) to 

$47.44. 

Coal Exports 

U.S. coal exports in 1993 totaled 75 million short tons, 

a 27-percent decrease from 1992 and the lowest level 

since 1979. The primary reasons for the decline were 

a severe recession in Europe; continuing pressures to 

protect European coal producers from import competition; and greater inroads into European and Asian 

markets by other major coal-producing countries. 

Some major U.S. coal exporters were also affected by 

the coal miners' strike. 

Most of the decline in U.S. coal exports was due to a 

55-percent fall in steam coal exports to Europe and a 

59-percent drop in steam coal exports to Canada. Total 

U.S. steam coal exports fell by 42 percent. Steam coal 

accounted for 33 percent of total U.S. coal exports in 

1993, down from 42 percent in 1992. However, U.S. 

steam coal exports to Asia, particularly Japan, increased. 

U.S. metallurgical coal exports in 1993 amounted to 

50 million short tons, a decrease of 16 percent from 

1992, due to a 20-percent decline in exports to Europe. 

There were no substantial gains of metallurgical coal 

exports, in tonnage terms, to any of the importing countries. 

West Virginia was the major coal-exporting State, shipping 33 million short tons, down 35 percent from 1992 

shipments. This level represented 44 percent of total 

foreign shipments and the lowest level of foreign shipments for the State since 1989. Shipments of West Virginia metallurgical coal declined 8 million short tons, 

while shipments of steam coal declined 10 million short 

tons. 

The average price of U.S. coal exports in 1993 was 

$41.41 per short ton, slightly higher than in 1992, but 

2 percent lower in real dollars. Metallurgical coal export prices declined 3 percent (5 percent in real terms) 

to $44.11 per short ton, while steam coal export prices 

went up 1 percent (2 percent in real terms) to $36.03 

per short ton. Coal exports in 1993 were valued at $3 

billion. 

Company Mergers and Sales 

The Cyprus Minerals Company and Amax Incorporated merged on November 12, 1993. The new company, Cyprus AMAX Minerals Company, will have 

annual sales of $2.8 billion and assets of $5 billion, including coal reserves totaling 3 billion short tons 

worldwide. The company's U.S. coal mining operations produced 65 million short tons of coal in 1993. 

The Occidental Petroleum Corporation sold its coal 

subsidiary, Island Creek Coal Company, to Consol Energy Inc., in July 1993. Island Creek operations include 

mines in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. The 

addition of Island Creek brought Consol Energy's 1993 

production total to 51 million short tons and made 

Consol the third largest U.S. coal producer in 1993 

behind Peabody and Cyprus AMAX. Peabody remained the largest producer with 70 million short tons 

despite a significant production drop caused by the 

UMWA strike. Consol's production was also seriously 

affected by the UMWA strike. 

XVI Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table ES4. U.S. Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 21,535,283 

Productive Capacity1 1,261,873 

Production Total 945,424 

Underground 351,053 

Surface 594,371 

Capacity Utilization2 74.77 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 22.8 

Number of Miners 101,322 

Productivity Total 2 4.70 

Underground 2.95 

Surface 7.23 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 25,284 

Imports3 5,496 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 959,445 

Domestic Distribution Total 883,934 

Within State 339,034 

To Other States 544.900 

Foreign Distribution Total... 75,510 

Metallurgical 52,369 

Steam 23,142 

Canada Total 7,751 

Metallurgical 6,666 

Steam 1,085 

Overseas Total 4 67,759 

Metallurgical 45,702 

Steam 22,057 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 925,944 

Electric Utility 813,508 

Industrial 74,892 

Coke 31.323 

Residential/Commercial 6,221 

Consumer Stocks Total 120,458 

Electric Utility 111,341 

AllOther 9,117 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $19.85 

Underground 26.92 

Surface 15.67 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 28.58 

Industrial 32.23 

Coke 47.44 

21,626,971 21,998,540 22,761,328 22,679,827 24,598,747 -0.4 -1.3 -1.5 

1,241,054 1,248,479 NA NA 968,719 1.7 NA 3.0 

997,545 995,984 1,029,076 980,729 895,921 -5.2 -.9 .6 

407,239 407,225 424,546 393,835 352,050 -13.8 -2.8 * 

590,306 588,759 604,529 586,893 543,870 .7 .3 1.0 

80.20 79.58 NA NA 91.94 -6.8 NA -2.3 

21.7 22.1 22.1 23.1 27.5 5.1 -.4 -2.0 

110,196 120,602 131,310 131,497 177,848 -8.0 -6.3 -6.1 

4.36 4.09 3.83 3.70 2.64 7.7 6.1 6.6 

2.93 2.69 2.54 2.46 1.72 .8 4.6 6.2 

6.59 6.38 5.94 5.61 4.03 9.7 6.5 6.7 

33,993 32,971 33,418 29,000 34,090 -25.6 -3.4 -3.3 

1,973 1,967 1.366 1,215 783 178.6 45.8 24.2 

998,647 994,146 1,023,935 981,699 NA -3.9 -.6 NA 

897,267 885,882 919,589 882,034 NA -1.5 * NA 

355,232 345,486 365,065 352,341 NA -4.6 -1.0 NA 

542,035 540,395 554,524 529,692 NA .5 .7 NA 

101,380 108,264 104,346 99,580 NA -25.5 -6.7 NA 

62,013 63,003 62,496 57,364 NA -15.5 -2.3 NA 

39,367 45,261 41,849 42,216 NA -41.2 -13.9 NA 

13,919 12,828 13,189 13,650 NA -44.3 -13.2 NA 

9,394 8,483 6,215 6,759 NA -29.0 -.3 NA 

4,525 4,345 6,975 6,892 NA -76.0 -37.0 NA 

87,461 95,436 91,156 85,929 NA -22.5 -5.8 NA 

52,619 54,520 56,282 50,605 NA -13.1 -2 5 NA 

34,842 40,916 34,875 35.324 NA -36.7 -11.1 NA 

892.421 887,621 895,480 889,699 791,296 3.8 1.0 1.8 

779.860 772,268 773,549 766,888 664,399 4.3 1.5 2.3 

74,042 75,405 76,330 76,134 73,745 1.1 -.4 .2 

32,366 33,854 38,877 40,508 44,022 -3.2 -6.2 -3.7 

6,153 6,094 6,724 6,167 9,130 1.1 .2 -4.2 

163,692 167.711 168,210 146,087 197,211 -26.4 -4.7 -5.3 

154,130 157,876 156.166 135,860 179,727 -27.8 -4.8 -5.2 

9,562 9,835 12.044 10,227 17,483 -4.6 -2.8 -7.0 

$21.03 $21.49 $21.76 $21.82 $25.61 -5.6 -2.3 -2.8 

27.83 28.56 28.58 28.44 33.36 -3.3 -1.4 -2.3 

16.34 16.60 16.98 17.38 20.59 -4.1 -2.6 -3.0 

29.36 30.02 30.45 30.15 35.12 -2.6 -1.3 -2.3 

32.78 33.54 33.59 33.03 39.30 -1.7 -.6 -2.2 

47.92 48.88 47.73 47.50 56.58 -1.0 * -1.9 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 xvu 
Supply 

Production 

U.S. coal production in 1993 dropped to its lowest 

level since 1987, 52 million short tons less than in 1992 

(Table 1). Coal production in the Appalachian and Interior coal-producing regions fell 47 million short tons 

and 28 million short tons, respectively, but production 

in the Western Region rose by 23 million short tons. 

Mostof the production decline occurred in Appalachia, 

which bore the brunt of both the United Mine Workers 

of America (UMWA) strike and the decline in coal 

exports. West Virginia and Pennsylvania were the most 

severely affected with production drops of 20 percent 

and 13 percent, respectively. 

In the Interior Region most of the loss occurred in 

Illinois, where coal production fell 31 percent, and in 

western Kentucky, where coal production dropped 13 

percent. The 77-percent drop in Missouri coal production was due to the closing of the largest mine in the 

State. 

Coal production in the Western Region in 1993 rose 7 

percent above the 1992 level to 369 million short tons. 

Wyoming accounted for 86 percent of this increase, 

although there were also production gains in New 

Mexico and Colorado. Wyoming coal production in 

1993 reached 210 million short tons, a new record, and 

about 22 percent of the U.S. total. Campbell County 

in Wyoming accounted for 86 percent of the State's 

coal output (Table 4). The increase in Wyoming coal 

production was due to higher demand for low-sulfur 

coal from the Powder River Basin. Much of the additional coal output from Wyoming was shipped to electric utilities in the Midwest, particularly in Illinois displacing indigenous high-sulfur coal, and to Texas. The 

additional coal produced in New Mexico mines was 

shipped to power plants in Arizona and Wisconsin. 

Colorado's coal production increased in response to a 

general increase in demand. 

As a result of the regional changes in coal production 

in 1993, the Western Region's share of U.S. coal output 

rose from 35 percent in 1992 to 39 percent in 1993. 

Appalachia's share of production fell to 43 percent 

from 46 percent in 1992 and the Interior's share fell to 

18 percent from 20 percent in 1992. In 1984 Appalachia's share of total U.S. coal production was 50 percent and the Western Region's share was 28 percent. 

Over 30 percent of coal output (reported as sales volume) in 1993 came from Federal and Indian lands (Table 12). 

The number of U.S. coal mines in 1993 dropped 10 

percent from the 1992 level to 2,475 mines (Table 2). 

The most notable drops were in West Virginia, where 

the number of mines declined by 102 and in eastern 

Kentucky, where the number of mines declined by 62. 

The number of mines in the Western Region fell by 4, 

while in the Interior Region the number of mines increased by 5 to 219 mines. 

Of the 351 million short tons of coal produced in underground mines, 56 percent was mined by continuous 

mining and 31 percent by longwall mining (Table 5). 

About two-thirds of the U.S. coal produced in 1993 

came from mines producing 1 million short tons or 

more (Table 6). Bituminous coal accounted for 61 percent of the total coal produced, followed by 

subbituminous at 29 percent, lignite at 9 percent, and 

anthracite at less than 1 percent (Table 9). Union mines 

provided about one-third of the total production, 315 

million short tons, and the UMWA mines accounted 

for nearly three-fourths of the union production (Table 

11). Although coal production in 1993 was 5 percent 

less than in 1991, the share of production by foreigncontrolled firms increased by 9 percent (Figure 2). 

Productive Capacity 

Productive capacity at U.S. coal mines in 1993 was 1.3 

billion short tons, 2 percent higher than 1992 (Table 

15). As a result, capacity utilization (the ratio of total 

production to productive capacity) of mines in all regions declined, most notably in Appalachia and the 

Interior, as a result of the UMWA strike (Table 16). 

The capacity utilization of mines in Appalachia 

dropped to 73 percent from 81 percent in 1992, and in 

the Interior to 74 percent from 83 percent in 1992. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 1 
Recoverable Coal Reserves 

Recoverable coal reserves at active mines in 1993 totaled 22 billion short tons; 15 billion short tons at surface mines and 7 billion short tons at underground 

mines. The average coal recovery percentage in 1993 

was 79 percent — 89 percent at surface mines and 56 

percent at underground mines. Almost two-thirds of 

the recoverable coal reserves are located West of the 

Mississippi River and 93 percent of these reserves are 

at surface mines, which have an average recovery 

precentage of 91 percent. Recoverable coal reserves 

at union mines amounted to 9 billion short tons, 40 

percent of the total. 

Producers and Distributors Stocks 

Due to the increased demand and shortages resulting 

from the UMWA strike, U.S. producers and distributors drew down coal stocks by 26 percent to 25 million 

short tons, the lowest year-end-level since 1981 (Table 

33). 

Coal Imports 

U.S. coal imports reached 7.3 million short tons in 1993 

(Table 34), nearly double the 1992 level. Most of the 

increase was due to increased electric utility demand 

for coal from Colombia and Venezuela. Some utilities 

also took the opportunity to use imported coal for test 

burns. In addition, industrial plants increased their coal 

imports 420 percent above the 1992 level, reaching 

nearly 1 million short tons (Table 38). Most of the increase was due to higher shipments from Canada to 

coke plants in Indiana. 

2 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Production 

Overburden is removed prior to strip mining at the Big John mine in Kentucky. 
Figure 1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1993 

225 I 

200 

175-

150 

V) 

c 

o 

o 

CO 

c 

o 

125-

100 

75 

5 0 -

0 

Notes : Othe r represent s State s which produce d less tha n 12 millio n short tons of coal an d include s Alaska , 

Arkansas , Iowa , Kansas , Louisiana , Maryland , Missouri , Oklahoma , Tennessee , an d Washington . Coal productio n 

exclude s silt, culm , refus e bank , slurr y dam , an d dredg e operation s except for Pennsylvani a anthracite . 

Sources : Energy Informatio n Administration , Form EIA-7A , "Coa l Production Report; " Stat e Mining Agency Coal 

Production Reports ; and/o r U.S. Departmen t of Labor, Mine Safety an d Healt h Administration , Form 7000-2 , "Quarterl y 

Mine Employmen t an d Coal Production Report. " 

4 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 1. Coal Production by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 24,768 

Alaska 1,601 

Arizona 12,173 

Arkansas 44 

California 

Colorado 21,886 

Georgia 

Illinois 41,098 

Indiana 29,295 

Iowa 175 

Kansas 341 

Kentucky Total 156,299 

Eastern 120,191 

Western 36,108 

Louisiana 3,134 

Maryland 3,355 

Missouri 653 

Montana 35,917 

New Mexico 28,268 

North Dakota 31,973 

Ohio 28,816 

Oklahoma 1,758 

Pennsylvania Total 59,700 

Anthracite 4,306 

Bituminous 55,394 

Tennessee 3,047 

Texas 54,567 

Utah 21,847 

Virginia 39,317 

Washington 4,739 

West Virginia Total 130,525 

Northern 33,802 

Southern 96,723 

Wyoming 210.129 

Appalachian Total' 409,718 

Interior Total' 167,174 

Western Total' 368,532 

East of Miss. River 516,219 

West of Miss. River 429,205 

U.S. Total 945,424 

25,796 27,269 29.030 27,992 27,088 -4.0 -3.0 -1.0 

1,534 1,436 1,706 1,582 859 4.3 .3 7.2 

12,512 13,203 11,304 11,935 11,522 -2.7 .5 .6 

58 52 59 70 82 -24.1 -10.6 -6.5 

103 57 61 41 -

-100.0 - -

19,226 17,834 18,910 17.123 17,967 13.8 6.3 2.2 

- - - - 125 - - -

59,857 60,258 60,393 59,267 63,769 -31.3 -8.7 -4.8 

30.466 31,468 35,907 33,641 37,555 -3.8 -3.4 -2.7 

289 344 381 430 527 -39.4 -20.1 -11.5 

363 416 721 856 1,328 -5.9 -20.5 -14.0 

161,068 158,980 173,322 167,389 159,541 -3.0 -1.7 -.2 

119,382 117,220 128,396 125,739 117,274 .7 -1.1 .3 

41,686 41,760 44,926 41,649 42,267 -13.4 -3.5 -1.7 

3,240 3,151 3,186 2,983 -

-3.3 1.2 -

3,341 3,773 3,487 3,376 4,103 .4 -.1 -2.2 

2.886 2,304 2,647 3,378 6,733 -77.4 -33.7 -22.8 

38,889 38,237 37,616 37,742 33,000 -7.6 -1.2 .9 

24,549 21,518 24,292 23,702 21,279 15.1 4.5 3.2 

31,744 29,530 29,213 29,566 22,112 .7 2.0 4.2 

30,403 30.569 35,252 33,689 39,256 -5.2 -3.8 -3.4 

1,741 1.841 1,698 1,753 4,640 1.0 .1 -10.2 

68,981 65,381 70,514 70,596 77,494 -13.4 -4.1 -2.8 

3.483 3,445 3,506 3,348 4,162 23.6 6.5 .4 

65.498 61,936 67,008 67,248 73.332 -15.4 -4.7 -3.1 

3,476 4,290 6,193 6,480 7,313 -12.3 -17.2 -9.3 

55,071 53,825 55,755 53,854 41,145 -.9 .3 3.2 

21,339 21,945 22.058 20,102 12,323 2.4 2.1 6.6 

43,024 41,954 46,917 43,006 40,368 -8.6 -2.2 -.3 

5,251 5,143 5,001 5,039 3,872 -9.7 -1.5 2.3 

162.164 167,352 169,205 153,580 131,008 -19.5 -4.0 * 

50.022 52,155 56,641 56.018 56.009 -32.4 -11.9 -5.4 

112.142 115,196 112,564 97,562 74,999 -13.7 -.2 2.9 

190,172 193,854 184,249 171,558 130,914 10.5 5.2 5.4 

456,565 457,808 488,993 464,457 444,029 -10.3 -3.1 -.9 

195,659 195,418 205,671 197,880 198,045 -14.5 -4.1 -1.9 

345,321 342,758 334,411 318,391 253,846 6.7 3.7 4.2 

588,575 591,294 630,218 599,015 587,620 -12.3 -3.6 -1.4 

408,970 404,690 398,858 381,714 308,301 4.9 3.0 3.7 

997,545 995,984 1,029,076 980,729 895,921 -5.2 -.9 

' For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 5 
Table 2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

85 88 96 97 105 126 -3.4 -5.1 -4.3 

1 2 1 1 1 1 -50.0 - -

2 2 2 2 2 2 - - -

6 6 7 7 7 10 - -3.8 -5.5 

- 1 1 1 1 - -100.0 - -

20 21 21 23 23 39 

1 

55 

-4.8 -3.4 -7.1 

39 43 51 45 48 

39 

1 

55 -9.3 -5.0 -3.7 

56 51 58 64 60 83 9.8 -1.7 -4.3 

2 2 3 3 5 6 - -20.5 -11.5 

2 2 3 4 5 6 - -20.5 -11.5 

696 752 838 987 1,099 2,063 -7.4 -10.8 -11.4 

622 684 756 902 1,002 1,926 -9.1 -11.2 -11.8 

74 68 82 85 97 137 8.8 -6.5 -6.6 

2 2 2 2 2 - - - -

21 24 26 27 31 48 -12.5 -9.3 -8.8 

7 5 5 5 9 15 40.0 -6.1 -8.1 

8 8 9 9 9 9 - -2.9 -1.3 

7 7 7 7 8 11 - -3.3 -4.9 

8 8 8 11 13 15 - -11.4 -6.7 

135 149 159 172 184 215 -9.4 -7.4 -5.0 

17 20 22 23 21 39 -15.0 -5.1 -8.8 

524 578 608 673 681 722 -9.3 -6.3 -3.5 

148 166 176 187 191 149 -10.8 -6.2 -.1 

376 412 432 486 490 573 -8.7 -6.4 -4.6 

37 50 72 86 98 116 -26.0 -21.6 -11.9 

14 15 15 15 15 13 -6.7 -1.7 .8 

15 15 15 18 21 24 - -8.1 -5.1 

237 258 294 340 365 567 -8.1 -10.2 -9.2 

3 3 3 4 4 3 - -6.9 -

502 604 665 771 773 835 -16.9 -10.2 -5.5 

137 166 174 205 240 264 -17.5 -13.1 -7.0 

365 438 491 566 533 571 -16.7 -9.0 -4.8 

29 30 31 33 30 27 -3.3 -.8 .8 

2,163 2,435 2,676 3,068 3,239 4,556 -11.2 -9.6 -7.9 

219 214 248 253 269 364 2.3 -5.0 -5.5 

93 97 98 109 112 131 -4.1 -4.5 -3.7 

2,332 2,597 2,867 3,262 3,444 4,831 -10.2 -9.3 -7.8 

143 149 155 168 176 220 -4.0 -5.0 -4.7 

2,475 2,746 3,022 3,430 3,620 5,051 -9.9 -9.1 -7.6 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

6 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

Underground Surface Total 

State and Region Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

O.S. Total 

12 15,557 73 9,211 85 24,768 

- -

1 1,601 1 1,601 

- -

2 12,173 2 12,173 

1 2 5 43 6 44 

13 12,843 7 9,043 20 21,886 

26 33,096 13 8,002 39 41,098 

5 2,583 51 26,713 56 29,295 

- -

2 175 2 175 

- -

2 341 2 341 

446 92,207 250 64,092 696 156,299 

425 71,919 197 48,272 622 120,191 

21 20,288 53 15,820 74 36,108 

- -

2 3,134 2 3,134 

4 2,528 17 827 21 3,355 

- -

7 653 7 653 

1 10 7 35,907 8 35,917 

1 719 6 27,549 7 28,268 

- -

8 31,973 8 31,973 

9 10,437 126 18,379 135 28,816 

1 98 16 1,661 17 1,758 

116 36,934 408 22,766 524 59,700 

52 416 96 3,889 148 4,306 

64 36,517 312 18,877 376 55,394 

22 1,896 15 1,151 37 3,047 

- -

14 54,567 14 54,567 

15 21,847 - -15 21,847 

181 30,166 56 9,151 237 39,317 

- -

3 4,739 3 4,739 

339 87,997 163 42,528 502 130,525 

73 27,133 64 6,669 137 33,802 

266 60,864 99 35,859 365 96,723 

4 2,136 25 207,993 29 210,129 

1,108 257,433 1,055 152,285 2,163 409,718 

54 56,065 165 111,109 219 167,174 

34 37,555 59 330,977 93 368,532 

1,160 313,399 1,172 202,820 2,332 516,219 

36 37,654 107 391,551 143 429,205 

1,196 351,053 1,279 594,371 2,475 945,424 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources; Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 

-TCDSV7SS3K! J*:,-; :»-t<¥TT"5T333ir 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 

1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

Underground Surface Total 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama 

Bibb 

Blount 

Cullman 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Marion 

Shelby 

Tuscaloosa 

Walker 

Winston 

Alaska 

Yukon River 

Arizona 

Navajo 

Arkansas 

Johnson 

Scott 

Sebastian 

Colorado 

Delta 

Fremont 

Garfield 

Gunnison 

Jackson 

La Plata 

Las Animas 

Mesa 

Moffat 

Montrose 

Rio Blanco 

Routt 

Illinois 

Christian 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Logan 

Macoupin 

McDonough 

Perry 

Randolph 

Saline 

Schuyler 

St Clair 

Wabash 

Washington 

White 

Williamson 

Indiana 

Clay 

Daviess 

Dubois 

Gibson 

Greene 

Knox 

Monroe 

Owen 

Pike 

Spencer 

Sullivan 

Vigo 

Warrick 

Iowa 

Marion 

See footnotes at end of table. 

12 15,557 73 9,211 85 24,768 

- -

2 161 2 161 

- -

3 20 3 20 

- -

3 704 3 704 

1 2,270 2 33 3 2,302 

- -

2 116 2 116 

4 4,825 11 1,493 15 6,318 

1 9 5 291 6 300 

1 347 1 39 2 386 

3 5,397 9 1,224 12 6,622 

2 2,708 31 4,572 33 7,280 

- -

4 559 4 559 

- -

1 1,601 1 1,601 

- -

1 1,601 1 1,601 

- -

2 12,173 2 12,173 

- -

2 12,173 2 12,173 

1 2 5 43 6 44 

- -

2 25 2 25 

- -

1 6 1 6 

1 2 2 11 3 12 

13 12,843 7 9,043 20 21,886 

1 1,176 - -1 1,176 

2 318 - -2 318 

1 1 - -1 1 

3 4,260 - -

3 4,260 

- -

1 4 1 4 

1 174 - -

1 174 

1 720 - -

1 720 

1 299 - -

1 299 

1 525 2 6,826 3 7,351 

- -

2 290 2 290 

1 1,490 - -1 1,490 

1 3,880 2 1,923 3 5,803 

26 33,096 13 8,002 39 41,098 

1 1,545 - -1 1,545 

1 1,065 - -1 1,065 

3 4,078 - -3 4,078 

- -

1 429 1 429 

2 1,963 1 275 3 2,238 

- -

1 25 1 25 

2 2,682 - -2 2,682 

1 1,498 - -1 1,498 

3 4,383 - -3 4,383 

- -

1 431 1 431 

2 1,731 4 4,512 6 6,242 

3 2,102 - -3 2,102 

4 7,088 2 1,720 6 8,809 

- -

1 584 1 584 

1 242 - -1 242 

1 2,129 - -

1 2,129 

1 592 - -1 592 

1 1,996 - -

1 1,996 

- -

2 27 2 27 

5 2,583 51 26,713 56 29,295 

- -

7 1,522 7 1,522 

- -

10 5,110 10 5,110 

- -

1 502 1 502 

1 1,305 1 489 2 1,794 

1 170 7 3,108 8 3,278 

2 489 2 579 4 1,068 

- -

1 41 1 41 

- -

1 165 1 165 

- -

5 3,855 5 3,855 

- -

5 971 5 971 

1 619 3 2,446 4 3,064 

- -

1 1,274 1 1,274 

- -

7 6,650 7 6,650 

- -

2 175 2 175 

- -

2 175 2 175 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 

1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Underground Surface Total 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kansas 

Crawford 

Kentucky 

Bell 

Breathitt 

Butler 

Caldwell 

Carter 

Christian 

Clay 

Daviess 

Floyd 

Greenup 

Harlan 

Henderson 

Hopkins 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Knott 

Knox 

Laurel 

Lawrence 

Lee 

Leslie 

Letcher 

Magoffin 

Martin 

McCreary 

McLean 

Muhlenberg 

Ohio 

Owsley 

Perry 

Pike 

Rockcastle 

Union 

Webster 

Whitley 

Wolfe 

Louisiana 

De Soto 

Red River 

Maryland 

Allegany 

Garrett 

Missouri 

Barton 

Bates 

Ralls 

Randolph 

Vernon 

Montana 

Big Horn 

Musselshell 

Richland 

Rosebud 

New Mexico 

Colfax 

McKinley 

San Juan 

North Dakota 

Bowman 

McLean 

Mercer 

Oliver 

Williams 

Ohio 

Belmont 

Carroll 

Columbiana 

See footnotes at end of table. 

- -

2 341 2 341 

- -

2 341 2 341 

446 92,207 250 64,092 696 156,299 

18 3,037 6 1,540 24 4,577 

- -

8 4,596 8 4,596 

- -

4 60 4 60 

- -

1 183 1 183 

- -

1 4 1 4 

1 38 2 1,541 3 1,579 

3 324 5 394 8 718 

- -

15 1,911 15 1,911 

50 3,525 12 3,123 62 6,648 

- -

1 185 1 185 

72 9,306 11 1,468 83 10,774 

1 1,078 2 2,163 3 3,241 

6 4,217 10 4,796 16 9,013 

- -

3 89 3 89 

5 1,334 5 45 10 1,379 

37 9,058 18 5,348 55 14,406 

25 591 1 329 26 921 

- -

3 195 3 195 

- -

1 3 1 3 

- -

3 46 3 46 

7 6,553 5 2,045 12 8,598 

22 2,827 20 4,152 42 6,980 

1 92 3 588 4 680 

23 7,081 9 4,696 32 11,777 

- -

1 129 1 129 

- -

3 152 3 152 

2 1,456 6 1,666 8 3,122 

1 246 6 1,968 7 2,213 

1 63 4 130 5 193 

15 4,825 17 7,700 32 12,525 

138 22,579 46 10,249 184 32,828 

- -

1 2 1 2 

4 3,544 1 133 5 3,677 

6 9,709 3 1,247 9 10,956 

8 724 11 618 19 1,342 

- -

2 597 2 597 

- -

2 3,134 2 3,134 

- -

1 2,674 1 2,674 

- -

1 460 1 460 

4 2,528 17 827 21 3,355 

- -

10 511 10 511 

4 2,528 7 316 11 2,844 

- -

7 653 7 653 

- -

1 100 1 100 

- -

2 116 2 116 

- -

2 189 2 189 

- -

1 174 1 174 

- -

1 73 1 73 

1 10 7 35,907 8 35,917 

- -

4 21,223 4 21,223 

1 10 - -1 10 

- -

1 291 1 291 

- -

2 14,393 2 14,393 

1 719 6 27,549 7 28,268 

1 719 1 980 2 1,699 

- -

2 11,944 2 11,944 

- -

3 14,625 3 14,625 

- -

8 31,973 8 31,973 

- -

1 2,165 1 2,165 

- -

1 7,240 1 7,240 

- -

2 16,392 2 16,392 

- -

3 6,169 3 6,169 

- -

1 7 1 7 

9 10,437 126 18,379 135 28,816 

1 3,968 14 1,959 15 5,927 

1 69 6 122 7 191 

2 419 12 775 14 1,194 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 

1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

Underground Surface Total 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Ohio (Continued) 

Coshocton 

Guernsey 

Harrison 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Mahoning 

Meigs 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Perry 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Vinton 

Oklahoma 

Craig 

Latimer 

Le Flore 

Muskogee 

Nowata 

Okmulgee 

Rogers 

Wagoner 

Pennsylvania 

Allegheny 

Armstrong 

Beaver 

Bedford 

Blair 

Butler 

Cambria 

Carbon 

Centre 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Dauphin 

Elk 

Fayette 

Greene 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Lackawanna 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Northumberland 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Somerset 

Venango 

Washington 

Westmoreland 

Tennessee 

Anderson 

Bledsoe 

Campbell 

Claiborne 

Fentress 

Marion 

Morgan 

Scott 

Sequatchie 

See footnotes at end of table. 

- -

6 1,485 6 1,485 

- -

5 406 5 406 

1 1,153 10 1,511 11 2,664 

- -

1 6 1 6 

- -

3 196 3 196 

- -

4 1,267 4 1,267 

1 256 17 1,659 18 1,915 

- -

1 12 1 12 

- -

1 3 1 3 

2 3,749 - -2 3,749 

1 822 - -1 822 

- -

1 47 1 47 

- -

7 2,362 7 2,362 

- -

7 1,096 7 1,096 

- -

4 424 4 424 

- -

5 223 5 223 

- -

16 2,369 16 2,369 

- -

6 2,459 6 2,459 

1 98 16 1,661 17 1,758 

- -

1 116 1 116 

- -

1 407 1 407 

- -

5 946 5 946 

- -

2 6 2 6 

- -

2 41 2 41 

1 98 1 7 2 104 

- -

2 113 2 113 

- -

2 24 2 24 

116 36,934 408 22,766 524 59,700 

1 1 6 52 7 53 

14 3,972 25 859 39 4,831 

- -

2 195 2 195 

- -

1 9 1 9 

- -

1 170 1 170 

- -

14 821 14 821 

4 1,505 16 2,204 20 3,708 

- -

1 191 1 191 

- -

6 143 6 143 

- -

11 1,362 11 1,362 

1 61 65 5,050 66 5,111 

- -

1 16 1 16 

2 120 6 107 8 228 

1 2 - -

1 2 

- -

10 484 10 484 

- -

29 737 29 737 

13 22,540 5 163 18 22,703 

10 2,720 18 854 28 3,575 

5 775 25 935 30 1,710 

- -

7 283 7 283 

- -

7 298 7 298 

- -

20 701 20 701 

- -

1 260 1 260 

- -

3 64 3 64 

12 44 10 187 22 231 

37 251 51 2,419 88 2,669 

- -

1 * 1 * 11 2,794 34 2,697 45 5,491 

- -

2 12 2 12 

5 2,149 8 825 13 2,974 

- -

22 669 22 669 

22 1,896 15 1,151 37 3,047 

- -

1 21 1 21 

- -

1 18 1 18 

6 976 5 459 11 1,436 

2 13 3 234 5 248 

- -

1 66 1 66 

1 106 1 13 2 120 

1 159 - -

1 159 

1 253 - -

1 253 

11 387 3 340 14 727 

10 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 

1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coat-Producing 

Underground Surface Total 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Texas 

Atascosa 

Freestone 

Grimes 

Harrison 

Hopkins 

Leon 

Milam 

Panola 

Robertson 

Rusk 

Titus 

Webb 

Utah 

Carbon 

Emery 

Sevier 

Virginia 

Buchanan 

Dickenson 

Lee 

Russell 

Scott 

Tazewell 

Wise 

Washington 

King 

Lewis 

Thurston 

West Virginia 

Barbour 

Boone 

Braxton 

Brooke 

Clay 

Fayette 

Gilmer 

Grant 

Greenbrier 

Harrison 

Kanawha 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mason 

McDowell 

Mercer 

Mineral 

Mingo 

Monongalia 

Nicholas 

Ohio 

Preston 

Raleigh 

Randolph 

Taylor 

Tucker 

Upshur 

Wayne 

Webster 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Campbell 

Carbon 

Converse 

Hot Springs 

Lincoln 

Sheridan 

Sweetwater 

See footnotes at end of table. 

- -

14 54,567 14 54,567 

- -

3,121 1 3,121 

- -

5,005 1 5,005 

- -

3,545 1 3,545 

- -

2 3,766 2 3,766 

- -

2,225 1 2,225 

- -

7,558 1 7,558 

- -

6,819 1 6,819 

- -

8,643 1 8,643 

- -

1.782 1 1,782 

- -

3,920 1 3,920 

- -

7,765 1 7,765 

- -

2 417 2 417 

15 21,847 - -

15 21,847 

9 10,239 - -9 10,239 

5 8,047 - -5 8.047 

1 3,561 - -

1 3.561 

181 30,166 56 9,151 237 39,317 

83 12,715 5 1,243 88 13,958 

22 3,857 13 1,660 35 5,517 

15 2,291 4 233 19 2,524 

8 859 4 694 12 1,553 

1 53 - -

1 53 

19 2,862 1 1 20 2,862 

33 7,530 29 5,320 62 12,850 

- -

3 4,739 3 4,739 

- -

1 222 1 222 

- -

1 1,942 1 1,942 

- -

1 2,576 1 2,576 

339 87,997 163 42,528 502 130,525 

6 1,911 7 353 13 2,263 

36 11,220 7 4,612 43 15,832 

4 572 2 50 6 621 

1 1,688 1 31 2 1,719 

2 151 2 1.751 4 1,902 

8 1,780 9 3.698 17 5,478 

1 57 - -1 57 

1 1,091 3 788 4 1.879 

10 730 10 342 20 1,072 

7 1,830 7 167 14 1.996 

10 2,387 7 4.435 17 6,821 

1 28 - -

1 28 

- -

2 1,879 2 1.879 

37 6,208 • 11 5,546 48 11,754 

2 2,406 4 66 6 2.472 

3 4,401 - -

3 4.401 

- -

1 166 1 166 

67 4,658 10 727 77 5,385 

- -

2 109 2 109 

1 54 2 148 3 202 

43 17,333 19 8,408 62 25,741 

12 7,516 8 1,126 20 8,642 

13 2,201 12 2,483 25 4,684 

- -

1 161 1 161 

11 1,818 13 390 24 2,208 

19 4,930 5 163 24 5,093 

9 904 - -9 904 

- -

1 5 1 5 

1 34 1 103 2 137 

6 1,237 6 515 12 1,752 

4 877 1 1,388 5 2.265 

7 1,586 8 2,768 15 4,354 

17 8,389 1 152 18 8,542 

4 2,136 25 207,993 29 210,129 

- -

16 181,581 16 181.581 

2 1.673 1 2,614 3 4,288 

- -

2 10,206 2 10,206 

- -

1 42 1 42 

- -

2 4,369 2 4,369 

- -

1 89 1 89 

2 463 2 9,091 4 9,554 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 11 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 

1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

Underground Surface Total 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

U.S. Total 1,196 351,053 1,279 594,371 2,475 945,424 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Table 5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall1 Shortwall1 Other1 2 Unknown3 Total 

Alabama 6,077 

Arkansas 

Colorado 5,001 

Illinois 23,309 

Indiana 2,583 

Kentucky Total 64,843 

Eastern 52,054 

Western 12,789 

Maryland 518 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 3,096 

Oklahoma 98 

Pennsylvania Total 14,171 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 14,171 

Tennessee 1,506 

Utah 6,881 

Virginia 17,793 

West Virginia Total 52,067 

Northern 8,125 

Southern 43,942 

Wyoming 363 

Appalachian Total 4 147,283 

Interior Total 4 38,778 

Western Total 4 12,244 

East of Miss. River 185,964 

West of Miss. River 12,342 

U.S. Total 198,305 

13 9,467 - - -15,557 

2 - - - -2 

2 7,840 - - -

12,843 

998 8,539 250 - -33.096 

- - - - -

2,583 

18,841 7,385 -1,137 -

92.207 

13,774 4,954 -1,137 -

71,919 

5,067 2,432 - - -20,288 

10 2,000 - - -2,528 

10 - - - -

10 

-

719 - - -

719 

83 7,258 - - -

10,437 

- - - - -

98 

1,787 20,868 2 103 2 36,934 

309 -2 103 2 416 

1,478 20,868 - - -

36,517 

390 - - - -

1,896 

835 14,132 - - -

21,847 

5,051 7,262 -

60 -30,166 

13,321 22,609 - - -87,997 

3,879 15,129 - - -

27,133 

9,442 7,480 - - -

60,864 

201 1,573 - - -2,136 

34,428 74,419 2 1,300 2 257,433 

6,067 10,970 250 - -

56,065 

1,048 24,264 - - -

37,555 

40,492 85,389 252 1,300 2 313,399 

1,049 24,264 - - -37,654 

41,542 109,653 252 1,300 2 351,053 

Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine production. 

Includes scoop loading and hand loading. 

Calculated by subtracting the sum of the reported mining methods from total underground production. 

For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

12 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine 

Production Range, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Number of Mines Production 

Coal-Producing State, Region 

and Type of Mining 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons) 

and Type of Mining 

ill 

500 

to 

1,000 

200 

to 

500 

100 

to 

200 

10 

to 

100 

Less 

than 

10 

1,000 

and 

over 

500 

to 

1,000 

200 

to 

500 

100 

to 

200 

10 

to 

100 

Less 

than 

10 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Underground 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface. 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

See footnotes at end of table. 

9 5 6 13 39 13 15,292 4,006 2,007 1,870 1,519 73 

8 1 1 - - 2 14,291 906 347 - - 13 

1 4 5 13 39 11 1,002 3,100 1,660 1,870 1,519 61 

1 - - - - - 1,601 - - - - -

1 - - - - - 1,601 - - - - -

2 - - - - - 12,173 - - - - -

2 - - - - - 12,173 - - - - -

- - - - 1 5 

1 

4 

- - - - 17 28 

2 

_ _ _ _ 1 26 

5 

1 

4 _ « _ _ 17 

28 

2 

26 

7 4 3 3 1 2 17,791 2,596 1,016 465 14 5 

4 3 3 1 1 1 9,554 2,083 1,016 174 14 1 

3 1 - 2 - 1 8,237 512 - 290 - 4 

20 9 6 1 2 1 32,807 6,035 2,030 174 45 7 

17 7 2 - - - 27,635 4,890 571 - - -

3 2 4 1 2 1 5,173 1,145 1,459 174 45 7 

12 9 11 7 13 4 17,424 6,099 4,135 1,014 601 21 

1 1 1 1 1 - 1,305 619 412 170 77 -

11 8 10 6 12 4 16,120 5,480 3,723 844 525 21 

- - - 1 - 1 - - - 168 - 7 

- - - 1 - 1 - - - 168 - 7 

- - 1 - 1 - - - 323 - 18 -

- - 1 - 1 - - - 323 - 18 -

33 51 114 111 300 87 54,558 34,596 37,177 16,496 13,056 415 

17 22 72 80 207 48 32,447 14,844 23,157 11,928 9,595 236 

16 29 42 31 93 39 22,112 19,752 14,020 4,568 3,462 179 

21 40 101 101 276 83 33,454 26,905 32,378 15,075 11,981 398 

10 18 66 79 204 48 17,393 11.927 21,051 11,803 9,510 236 

11 22 35 22 72 35 16,061 14,978 11,327 3,272 2,472 162 

12 11 13 10 24 4 21,104 7,691 4,799 1,421 1,075 18 

7 4 6 1 3 - 15,054 2,917 2.106 125 85 -

5 7 7 9 21 4 6,051 4,774 2,693 1,296 990 18 

1 - 1 - - - 2,674 - 460 - - -

1 - 1 - - - 2,674 - 460 - - -

1 - 1 1 14 4 2,500 - 219 114 507 16 

1 - - - 1 2 2,500 - - - 14 14 

- - 1 1 13 2 - - 219 114 492 2 

- - - 4 2 1 - - - 564 84 5 

- - - 4 2 1 - - - 564 84 5 

6 - 1 - 1 

1 

- 35,615 - 291 - 10 

10 

-

6 _ 1 _ 

1 

1 

_ 35,615 . 291 _ 

10 

10 

_ 

5 2 - - - - 26,569 1,699 - - - -

- 1 - - - - - 719 - - - -

5 1 - - - - 26,569 980 - - - -

6 1 - - - 1 31,184 782 - - - 7 

6 1 - - - 1 31,184 782 - - - 7 

7 8 16 20 55 29 13,500 5,385 4,773 2,645 2,392 120 

4 1 2 - 2 - 8,870 822 593 - 152 -

3 7 14 20 53 29 4,630 4,563 4,180 2,645 2,240 120 

- - 3 4 6 

1 

5 

4 - - 905 564 274 

98 

176 

15 

_ _ 3 4 

6 

1 

5 4 _ _ 905 564 

274 

98 

176 15 

8 13 36 41 246 180 25,125 8,935 10,673 5,792 8,452 723 

7 6 21 8 29 45 24,070 4,339 6,165 1,152 1,070 138 

1 7 15 33 217 135 1,055 4,596 4,508 4,640 7,382 584 

- 1 5 5 48 89 - 540 1,301 700 1,454 311 

- - - 1 8 43 - - - 119 161 136 

- 1 5 4 40 46 - 540 1,301 582 1,293 175 

8 12 31 36 198 91 25,125 8,395 9,372 5,092 6,998 412 

7 6 21 7 21 2 24,070 4,339 6,165 1,033 908 2 

1 6 10 29 177 89 1,055 4,056 3,208 4,059 6,090 410 

- 1 3 6 17 10 - 844 735 834 587 47 

- 1 1 3 9 8 - 844 253 443 316 39 

- - 2 3 8 2 - - 481 391 272 8 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine 

Production Range, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Number of Mines Production 

Coal-Producing State, Region 

and Type of Mining 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons) 

and Type of Mining 

1,000 

and 

over 

500 

to 

1,000 

200 

to 

500 

100 

to 

200 

10 

to 

100 

Less 

than 

10 

1,000 

and 

over 

500 

to 

1,000 

200 

to 

500 

100 

to 

200 

10 

to 

100 

Less 

than 

10 

Texas 11 

Surface 11 

Utah 6 

Underground 6 

Virginia 3 

Underground 3 

Surface 

Washington 2 

Surface 2 

West Virginia Total 36 

Underground 22 

Surface 14 

Northern 15 

Underground 13 

Surface 2 

Southern 21 

Underground 9 

Surface 12 

Wyoming 20 

Underground 1 

Surface 1 g 

Appalachian Total 1 85 

Underground 55 

Surface 30 

Interior Total' 56 

Underground 25 

Surface 31 

Western Total 1 55 

Underground 11 

Surface 44 

East of Miss. River 129 

Underground 80 

Surface 4g 

West of Miss. River 67 

Underground 11 

Surface 56 

U.S. Total 196 

Underground 91 

Surface 105 

- 2 - 1 - 53,923 - 599 - 45 -

- 2 - 1 - 53,923 - 59g - 45 -

2 3 2 1 1 18,910 1,358 1,241 319 15 6 

2 3 2 1 1 18,910 1,358 1,241 319 15 6 

12 46 44 104 28 4,973 8,300 14,356 6,222 5,363 103 

9 30 35 85 19 4,973 6,559 g,224 4,883 4,458 69 

3 16 g 19 9 - 1,741 5,132 1,339 905 34 

- 1 - - - 4,518 - 222 - - -

- 1 - - - 4,518 - 222 - - -

34 96 80 183 73 56,027 23,623 30,335 11,728 8,479 332 

17 80 64 122 34 35,397 12,080 25,223 9,232 5,896 170 

17 16 16 61 39 20,630 11,543 5,113 2,497 2,583 162 

3 16 17 61 25 21,051 2,051 5,411 2,520 2,663 106 

1 15 g 29 6 18,556 706 5,158 1,342 1,350 22 

2 1 8 32 19 2,495 1,345 253 1,179 1,313 84 

31 80 63 122 48 34,976 21,572 24,925 9,208 5,816 226 

16 65 55 93 28 16,841 11,374 20,065 7,890 4,546 148 

15 15 8 29 20 18,135 10,198 4,860 1,318 1,270 78 

1 2 1 4 1 208,536 803 463 112 215 * 

- 2 - - 1 1,673 - 463 - - " 

1 - 1 4 - 206,863 803 - 112 215 -

113 305 306 934 420 150,871 78,000 95,474 44,280 39,280 1,812 

53 201 isg 452 158 107,494 37,477 62,856 27,512 21,414 679 

60 104 117 482 262 43,377 40,522 32,619 16,768 17,866 1,133 

29 37 27 50 20 127,933 19,825 13,252 3,905 2,158 100 

12 9 2 5 1 43,9g3 8,426 3,090 295 259 2 

17 28 25 45 19 83,940 11,399 10,162 3,610 1,899 98 

10 10 6 7 5 356,896 7,237 3,232 895 254 18 

6 8 3 3 3 30,137 4,160 2,719 493 39 7 

4 2 3 4 2 326,759 3,077 513 402 215 11 

142 335 324 973 429 222,207 97,825 106,439 46,889 41,002 1,857 

65 210 191 456 158 151,487 45,903 65,946 27,807 21,576 679 

77 125 133 517 271 70,720 51,922 40,493 19,082 19,425 1,178 

10 17 15 18 16 413,493 7,237 5,519 2,192 691 73 

6 8 3 4 4 30,137 4,160 2,719 493 137 9 

4 9 12 14 12 383,357 3,077 2,800 1,699 554 64 

152 352 339 991 445 635,700 105,062 111,959 49,081 41,693 1,930 

71 218 194 460 162 181,624 50,063 68,665 28,300 21,713 688 

81 134 145 531 283 454,076 54,99g 43,293 20,781 19,g7g 1,242 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

14 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

7-12 - 3,640 3,640 

13-18 - 6,724 6,724 

19-24 915 23,550 24,466 

25-30 4,940 25,124 30,064 

31-36 39,425 36,029 75,454 

37-42 32,802 22,003 54,804 

43-48 40,613 20,935 61,548 

49-54 26,091 17,063 43,154 

55-60 44,131 19,997 64,128 

61-66 38,147 13,621 51,768 

67-72 30,290 23.155 53,445 

73-78 18,007 7,289 25,295 

79-84 21,523 9,952 31,476 

85-90 4,592 7,571 12,163 

91-96 12,397 5,967 18,363 

97-102 4,606 10,219 14,825 

103-108 4,573 160 4,733 

109-114 4,482 1,117 5,599 

115-120 11,209 2,672 13,881 

> 120 11,622 336.342 347,964 

Unknown1 688 1,242 1,930 

U.S. Total 351,053 594,371 945,424 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 15 
Table 8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and 

Mine Type, 1993 

Coalbed ID Number ' 

Coalbed Name

 2 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number ' (Inches) 

Coalbed Name

 2 

Underground Surface Total Average3 Low High 

1699 Wyodak 

0036 Pittsburgh 44,508 

0489 No. 9 24,951 

0111 Hazard No. 5-A 11,360 

0484 No. 6 24,618 

1569 Beulah-Zap 

0135 Hazard No. 4 21,928 

0084 Lower Kittanning 6,631 

0168 Lower Elkhorn 15,936 

1808 Rosebud 

0071 Upper Freeport 9,162 

0344 Pocahontas No. 3 13,774 

0151 Elkhorn No. 1 10,343 

0154 Elkhorn No. 2 11,373 

0157 Elkhorn No. 3 9,687 

0103 Stockton-Lewiston 3,619 

0483 No. VI 

Major Coalbeds Total 207,890 

Other Coalbeds 142,475 

Unknown4 688 

U.S. Total 351,053 

185,686 185,686 888 360 1,346 

4,846 49,354 70 18 180 

9,798 34,750 61 30 84 

21,057 32,416 74 10 195 

6,114 30,732 76 36 100 

27,661 27,661 181 132 208 

2,524 24,451 45 28 74 

15,941 22,572 66 10 150 

2,021 17,956 54 22 128 

16,206 16,206 269 216 276 

4,870 14,033 58 12 96 

58 13,832 56 36 83 

3,112 13,455 44 8 110 

1,849 13,222 49 11 72 

2,431 12,119 51 14 120 

7,901 11,520 70 18 140 

10,012 10.012 58 14 88 

322,085 529,975 364 8 1,346 

271,044 413,519 127 7 972 

1,242 1,930 NA NA NA 

594,371 945,424 260 1,346 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal 

zones. 

2

 The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having the 

greatest production for each coalbed are: Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0151, 0154, 0157, 0168); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103, 0344); 

Pennsylvania (0071); Western Kentucky (0489); Indiana (0483); Illinois (0484); North Dakota (1569); Montana (1808); Wyoming (1699). In some other 

States where these are major producing beds, the following alternate coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennesee), Taggert (Virginia), Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0154, Lower Cedar Grove 

(West Virginia); 0157, Upper Standiford (Virginia), Alma (West Virginia); 0168, No. 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0483, No. 12 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No. 11 

(Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

3

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

4

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. A major coalbed is 

defined here as a coalbed from which 10 million short tons of coal were produced during the year. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds 

from which less than 10 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions coalbeds are characteristically discontinous or uncorrelatable 

from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds 

occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 10 million short tons, because numerous separate coalbeds contribute to the totals. 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. 

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

16 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Ugnlte Anthracite Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Number 

of 

Mines 

Production 

Number 

of 

Mines 

Production 

Number 

of 

Mines 

Production 

Number 

of 

Mines 

Production 

Number 

of 

Mines 

Production 

Alabama 85 

Alaska 

Arizona 2 

Arkansas 5 

Colorado 16 

Illinois 39 

Indiana 56 

Iowa 2 

Kansas 2 

Kentucky Total 696 

Eastern 622 

Western 74 

Louisiana 

Maryland 21 

Missouri 7 

Montana 

New Mexico 4 

North Dakota 

Ohio 135 

Oklahoma 17 

Pennsylvania Total 376 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 376 

Tennessee 37 

Texas 2 

Utah 15 

Virginia 237 

Washington 1 

West Virginia Total 502 

Northern 137 

Southern 365 

Wyoming 5 

Appalachian Total 1 2,015 

Interior Total 1 204 

Western Total 1 43 

East of Miss. River 2,184 

West of Miss. River 78 

U.S. Total 2,262 

24,768 - - - - - - 85 24,768 

-

1 1,601 - - - - 1 1,601 

12,173 - - - - - - 2 12,173 

28 - - - - 1 17 6 44 

13,645 4 8,240 - - - - 20 21,886 

41,098 - - - - - - 39 41,098 

29,295 - - - - - - 56 29,295 

175 - - - - - - 2 175 

341 - - - - - - 2 341 

156,299 - - - - - - 696 156,299 

120,191 - - - - - - 622 120,191 

36,108 - - - - - - 74 36,108 

- - - 2 3.134 - - 2 3,134 

3,355 - - - - - - 21 3,355 

653 - - - - - - 7 653 

-

7 35,626 1 291 - - 8 35,917 

11,303 3 16,965 - - - - 7 28,268 

- - - 8 31,973 - - 8 31,973 

28,816 - - - - - - 135 28,816 

1,758 - - - - - - 17 1,758 

55,394 - - - - 148 4,306 524 59,700 

- - - - - 148 4,306 148 4,306 

55,394 - - - - - - 376 55,394 

3,047 - - - - - - 37 3,047 

417 - - 12 54,150 - - 14 54,567 

21,847 - - - - - - 15 21,847 

39,317 - - - - - - 237 39,317 

222 2 4,518 - - - - 3 4,739 

130,525 - - - - - - 502 130,525 

33,802 - - - - - - 137 33,802 

96,723 - - - - - - 365 96,723 

2,178 24 207,951 - - - - 29 210,129 

405,412 - - _ - 148 4,306 2,163 409,718 

109,873 - -14 57,285 1 17 219 167,174 

61,367 41 274,901 9 32,264 - - 93 368,532 

511,913 _ - - - 148 4,306 2,332 516,219 

64,739 41 274,901 23 89,549 1 17 143 429,205 

576,652 41 274,901 23 89,549 149 4,322 2,475 945,424 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam," and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 17 
Table 10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) . 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Bituminous 

Low Volatile 

Bituminous 

Medium 

Volatile 

Bituminous 

High Volatile 

Bituminous 

Total' 

Subbitumlnous 

Ugnite Anthracite Total 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 2 .. 

Interior Total 2 

Western Total 2 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

- 10,851 13,899 24,768 - - - 24,768 

- - - - 1,601 - - 1,601 

- - 12,173 12,173 - - - 12,173 

28 - - 28 - - 17 44 

- 720 12,926 13,645 8,240 - - 21,886 

- - 41,098 41,098 - - - 41,098 

- - 29,295 29,295 - - - 29,295 

- - 175 175 - - - 175 

- - 341 341 - - - 341 

133 447 155,719 156,299 - - - 156,299 

- 447 119,744 120,191 - - - 120,191 

133 - 35,974 36,108 - - - 36,108 

- - - - - 3,134 - 3,134 

3,355 - - 3,355 - - - 3,355 

- - 653 653 - - - 653 

- - - - 35,626 291 - 35,917 

- 719 10,584 11,303 16,965 - - 28,268 

- - - - - 31,973 - 31,973 

- 113 28,703 28,816 - - - 28,816 

45 890 823 1,758 - - - 1,758 

7,030 13,787 34,577 55,394 - - 4,306 59,700 

- - - - - - 4,306 4,306 

7,030 13,787 34,577 55,394 - - - 55,394 

- 543 2,504 3,047 - - - 3,047 

- 417 - 417 - 54,150 - 54,567 

- - 21,847 21,847 - - - 21,847 

1,137 15,854 22,326 39,317 - - - 39,317 

- - 222 222 4,518 - - 4,739 

15,141 8,058 107,326 130,525 - - - 130,525 

2,322 557 30,923 33,802 - - - 33,802 

12,819 7,501 76,403 96,723 - - - 96,723 

- - 2,178 2,178 207,951 - - 210.129 

26,663 49,652 329,079 405,412 _ - 4,306 409,718 

206 1,307 108,359 109,873 - 57,285 17 167,174 

- 1,439 59,928 61,367 274,901 32,264 - 368,532 

26,796 49,652 435,447 511,913 - - 4,306 516,219 

73 2,746 61,920 64,739 274,901 89,549 17 429,205 

26,869 52,398 497,367 576,652 274,901 89,549 4,322 945,424 

1

 Includes bituminous production with volatile content not reported. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for Coal Group definitions. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

18 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa , 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

Utah 

Underground 

Virginia 

Underground 

Surface 

See footnotes at end of table. 

19,810 _ 

19,810 4,885 24,694 

15,197 - 15,197 347 15,544 

4,613 -4,613 4,537 9,150 

. 

1,601 1,601 -1,601 

. 

1,601 1,601 -1,601 

12,173 -12,173 -

12,173 

12,173 -12,173 -

12,173 

- - -

17 17 

. - -

17 17 

5,171 2,061 7,232 14,649 21,881 

3,148 -3,148 9,694 12,842 

2,023 2,061 4,084 4,955 9,039 

28,436 2,966 31,401 9,690 41,091 

21,518 2,792 24,310 8,786 33,096 

6,918 174 7,092 904 7,996 

13,458 851 14,309 14,966 29,275 

1,924 -

1,924 659 2,583 

11,534 851 12,385 14,307 26,692 

- - -

168 168 

- - -

168 168 

323 -323 18 341 

323 -323 18 341 

10,582 1,278 11,860 144,024 155,883 

8,900 530 9,430 82,541 91,971 

1,682 748 2,430 61,483 63,913 

5,103 1,278 6,381 113,412 119,793 

4,883 530 5,414 66,269 71,683 

220 748 968 47,143 48,110 

5,479 -5,479 30,612 36,090 

4,016 -4,016 16,271 20,288 

1,462 -1,462 14.340 15,802 

- - -

3,134 3,134 

- - -

3,134 3,134 

- - -

3,339 3,339 

- - -

2,514 2,514 

- - -

824 824 

174 -

174 474 648 

174 -174 474 648 

13,613 15,112 28,726 7,191 35,917 

- - -

10 10 

13,613 15,112 28,726 7,181 35,907 

9,649 14,625 24,274 3,994 28,268 

719 -719 -719 

8,930 14,625 23,555 3,994 27,549 

5,552 4,137 9,689 22,277 31,966 

5,552 4,137 9,689 22,277 31,966 

11,949 236 12,184 16,511 28,695 

8,539 -8,539 1.898 10,437 

3,410 236 3.645 14.613 18.258 

-

100 100 1,643 1,743 

- - -

98 98 

-

100 100 1,545 1,645 

16,814 93 16,907 42,070 58,977 

15,232 -15,232 21,563 36,795 

1,582 93 1,675 20,506 22,182 

1,328 52 1,379 2,615 3,995 

- - -

280 280 

1.328 52 1,379 2,335 3,715 

15,486 42 15,528 39,454 54,982 

15,232 -15,232 21,283 36,515 

254 42 296 18,171 18,467 

- - -

3,000 3,000 

- - -

1,857 1,857 

- - -

1,144 1,144 

-

34,605 34,605 19,962 54,567 

-

34,605 34,605 19,962 54,567 

6,889 460 7,348 14,493 21,841 

6,889 460 7,348 14,493 21,841 

12,944 -12,944 26,270 39,214 

11,847 -11,847 18,250 30,096 

1,097 -1,097 8,020 9,118 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 19 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total . 

Underground 

Surface 

Northern 

Underground 

Surface 

Southern 

Underground 

Surface 

Wyoming 

Underground 

Surface 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Underground 

Surface 

Interior Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

Western Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

East of Miss. River .. 

Underground 

Surface 

West of Miss. River. 

Underground 

Surface 

Unknown2 

Underground 

Surface 

U.S. Total 

Underground 

Surface 

-

4,518 4,518 222 4,739 

-

4,518 4,518 222 4,739 

57,653 -57,653 72,540 130,193 

45,279 -45,279 42,548 87,827 

12,374 -12,374 29,992 42,366 

18,743 -18,743 14,953 33,696 

18,743 -18,743 8,367 27,111 

- - -

6,585 6,585 

38,909 -

38,909 57,588 96,497 

26,535 -26,535 34,181 60,716 

12,374 -12,374 23,407 35,781 

4,459 2,902 7,361 202,768 210,129 

- - -

2,136 2,136 

4,459 2,902 7,361 200,632 207,993 

124,273 1,607 125,879 282,026 407,906 

100,977 530 101,507 155,247 256,754 

23,296 1,076 24,372 126,780 151,152 

47,869 38,521 86,390 80,684 167,074 

27,458 2,792 30,250 25,814 56,063 

20,412 35,729 56,141 54,870 111,011 

57,505 45,416 102,921 265,593 368,514 

10,755 460 11,215 26,333 37,548 

46,750 44,956 91,706 239,260 330,966 

171,645 5,423 177,068 337,294 514,362 

128,434 3,322 131,757 180,963 312,720 

43,210 2,101 45,311 156,331 201,642 

58,002 80,121 138,123 291,009 429,132 

10,755 460 11,215 26,430 37,645 

47,247 79,661 126,908 264,579 391,487 

NA NA NA NA 1,930 

NA NA NA NA 688 

NA NA NA NA 1,242 

229,647 85,544 315,191 628,303 945,424 

139,190 3,782 142,972 207,393 351,053 

90,457 81,762 172,219 420,910 594,371 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

20 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 12. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal 

and Indian Leases by State, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Federal Leases 

Acres 

Leased 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Royalties 

(thousand dollars) 

Indian Leases 

Acres 

Leased 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Royalties 

(thousand dollars) 

Alabama 3,456 

Arizona 

Colorado 38,399 

Kentucky 818 

Montana 36,728 

New Mexico 14,142 

North Dakota 5,714 

Oklahoma 2.760 

Utah 51.243 

Washington 241 

Wyoming 114,529 

Appalachian Total 1 3,456 

Interior Total' 3,578 

Western Total 1 260,996 

East of Miss. River 4,274 

West of Miss. River 263,756 

U.S. Total 268,030 

469 984 

64,858 12,258 

12,901 24,343 - -

106 178 - -

25,955 38,665 14,746 3,518 

4,600 16,827 36,026 12,316 

2,147 1,063 - -

478 532 - -

18,856 31,025 - -

686 116 - -

191,365 150,509 - -

469 984 - -

584 710 - -

256,511 262,548 115,630 28,092 

575 1,162 - -

256,989 263,080 115,630 28,092 

257,564 264,242 115,630 28,092 

32,999 

1,786 

29,965 

64,750 

64,750 

64,750 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Note: This total is different from the production totals in other tables. Output from Federal and Indian Lands is reported as sales volume, the 

basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of 

components due to independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues, 1993, Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 21 
Table 13. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1993 

Rank Mine Name/Company Mine Type State 

Production 

(short tons) 

1 Black Thunder/ARCO 

2 Rochelle/Rochelle Coal 

3 Jacobs Ranch/Kerr McGee 

4 Eagle Butte/Amax Coal Co. 

5 Belle Ayr/Amax Coal Co. 

6 Caballo/The Carter Mining Co. 

7 Freedom-Coteau/Coteau Properties Co. 

8 Cordero/Elk River Resources 

9 Rosebud No. 6/Western Energy Co. 

10 North Antelope/North Antelope Coal Co. 

11 Buckskin/Triton 

12 North Rawhide/The Carter Mining Co. 

13 Navajo/BHP Minerals 

14 Martin Lake/Texas Utilities Mining Co. 

15 Caballo Rojo/Caballo Rojo Inc. 

16 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway 

17 West Decker/Decker Coal Co. 

18 Monticello-Winfield/Texas Utilities 

19 Kayenta/Peabody Coal Co. 

20 Jewett/Northwestern Resources Co. 

21 Enlow Fork/Consol Energy inc. 

22 Antelope/Antelope Coal Co. 

23 Falkirk/Falkirk Mining Co. 

24 Spring Creek/Spring Creek Coal Co. 

25 Bailey #1/Consol Energy Inc. 

26 Sandow-Rockdale/ALCOA 

27 Jim Bridger/Bridger Coal Co. 

28 Skyline 01 /Coastal States Energy 

29 Big Brown/Texas Utilities 

30 Colowyo/Colowyo Coal Co. 

31 Black Mesa/Peabody Coal Co. 

32 Centralia/Centralia Mining Co. 

33 Galatia No. 56-1/Kerr McGee Corp. 

34 Center/BNI Coal Ltd. 

35 Lee Ranch/Santa Fe Pacific Coal Corp. 

36 Powhatan No. 6/Ohio Valley Coal 

37 Mountainer/Mingo Logan Coal Co. 

38 Martin Lake-Oak Hill/Texas Utilities 

39 No. 9 Wheatcroft/Costain Coal Inc. 

40 San Juan/San Juan Coal 

41 Foidel Creek/Cyprus Yampa Valley 

42 U.S. Steel No. 50/USX Corp. 

43 Kemmerer/Pittsburg & Midway 

44 Southern Utah/Coastal States Energy 

45 Gibbons Creek/Navasota Mining Co. 

46 South Hallsville No. 1/Sabine Mining 

47 Dry Fork/Dry Fork Coal 

48 Lynnville/Peabody Coal Co. 

49 Absaloka/Westmoreland Resources 

50 Deer Creek/Pacificorp Electric Oper. 

51 Emerald No. 1/Cyprus Coal 

52 No. 13 Baker/Costain Coal 

53 San Miguel/Atascosa Mining Co. 

54 Shamrock No. 18/Elk River Resources 

55 Wyodak/Wyodak Resources 

56 Mount Gunnison No. 1/Mountain Coal 

Subtotal 

All Other Mines 

U.S. Total 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Surface 

Underground 

Underground 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Underground 

Underground 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Surface 

Underground 

Underground 

Underground 

Surface 

Underground 

Surface 

Underground 

Wyoming 34,305,508 

Wyoming 21,184,217 

Wyoming 18,387,422 

Wyoming 16,837,656 

Wyoming 15,588,480 

Wyoming 15,418,125 

North Dakota 15,037,192 

Wyoming 12,935,496 

Montana 11,874,457 

Wyoming 11,346,989 

Wyoming 11,189,955 

Wyoming 9,864,353 

New Mexico 9,082,000 

Texas 8,643,189 

Wyoming 8,021,942 

New Mexico 7,949,840 

Montana 7,940,085 

Texas 7,764,835 

Arizona 7,574,776 

Texas 7,557,626 

Pennsylvania 7,436,026 

Wyoming 7,303,813 

North Dakota 7,239,622 

Montana 7,180,885 

Pennsylvania 6,872,661 

Texas 6,819,309 

Wyoming 6,406,149 

Utah 5,159,000 

Texas 5,004,839 

Colorado 4,764,881 

Arizona 4,597,963 

Washington 4,517,882 

Illinois 4,161,704 

North Dakota 4,136,979 

New Mexico 3,994,037 

Ohio 3,968,102 

West Virginia 3,953,981 

Texas 3,920,451 

Kentucky 3,894,724 

New Mexico 3,889,177 

Colorado 3,879,888 

West Virginia 3,723,755 

Wyoming 3,565,842 

Utah 3,561,000 

Texas 3,545,467 

Texas 3,539,149 

Wyoming 3,277,905 

Indiana 3,254,138 

Montana 3,237,915 

Utah 3,237,562 

Pennsylvania 3,201,858 

Kentucky 3,168,004 

Texas 3,121,279 

Kentucky 3,064,018 

Wyoming 3,027,375 

Colorado 3,008,068 

465,604,447 

479,819,839 

945,424,286 

Notes: Major mines are mines that produced more than 3 million short tons in 1993. The company is the firm owning the mineral rights to the 

mined coal. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Producfion Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. 

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Production Report." 

22 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 14. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1993 

Rank Company Name 

Production 

(million short tons) Percent of Total 

1 Peabody Holding Co., Inc. 69,716 7.4 

2 Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. 65,284 6.9 

3 Consol Energy Inc. 50,733 5.4 

4 Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 37,476 4.0 

5 ARCO Coal Co. 37,426 4.0 

6 Kennecott Energy Co. 36,729 3.9 

7 Exxon Coal USA Inc. 28,051 3.0 

8 Texas Utilities Co. 27,558 2.9 

9 Montana Power Co. 26,396 2.8 

10 North American Coal Corp. 26,276 2.8 

11 Kerr-McGee Coal Corp. 22,549 2.4 

12 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Co. 16,371 1.7 

13 Arch Mineral Corp. 15,890 1.7 

14 Kiewit Coal Proerties 15,360 1.6 

15 A T Massey Coal Co. 14,744 1.6 

16 BHP Utah Minerals 14,625 1.5 

17 Pittston Coal Group 12,647 1.3 

18 Mapco Coal Inc. 12,506 1.3 

19 Costain Coal Inc. 12,020 1.3 

20 Ashland Coal Inc. 11,966 1.3 

21 U.S. Steel Mining Co. 11,432 1.2 

22 Coastal Corp. 9,805 1.0 

23 Addington Inc. 9,505 1.0 

24 Westmoreland Resources 9,385 1.0 

25 Marigold Land Co. 8,081 .9 

26 Sun Coal Co. 7,862 .8 

27 Drummond Co. 7,716 .8 

28 Transco Coal Co. 7,089 .7 

29 Jim Walters Resources Inc. 6,948 .7 

30 ALCOA 6,819 .7 

31 Black Beauty Coal Co. 6,735 .7 

32 PacifiCorp 6,112 .6 

33 MDU Resources Group Inc. 5,062 .5 

34 General Dynamics Corp. 4,895 .5 

35 W R Grace & Co. 4,765 .5 

36 Great Western Resources 4,575 .5 

37 Washington Water Power 4,518 .5 

38 Reading & Bates Corp. 4,473 .5 

39 Minnesota Power & Light 4,137 .4 

40 Santa Fe Southern Pacific 3,994 .4 

41 Ohio Valley Resources 3,968 .4 

42 Andalex Resources Inc. 3,967 .4 

43 Anker Energy Corp. 3,909 .4 

44 Southern Ohio Coal Co. 3,749 .4 

45 Teco Coal Corp. 3,609 .4 

46 Texas Municipal Power 3,545 .4 

47 Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal 3,350 .4 

48 James River Coal Co. 3,311 .4 

49 San Miguel Electric CoOp 3,121 .3 

50 BethEnergy Mines Inc. 3,073 .3 

51 Black Hills Corp. 3,027 .3 

52 Sextet Mining Corp. 2,838 .3 

53 Dal-Tex Coal Corp. 2,752 .3 

54 Dolet Hills Mining 2,674 .3 

55 Solar Sources 2,662 .3 

56 Peres Processing 2,655 .3 

57 Central Ohio Coal Corp. 2,586 .3 

58 Electric Fuels Corp. 2,367 .3 

59 Dorchester Coal Co. 2,338 .2 

60 Brooks Run Coal Co. 2,290 .2 

61 Pyramid Mining 2,140 .2 

62 United Coal Co. 2,098 .2 

63 Williams Fork Mining 2,061 .2 

Subtotal 768,222 81.3 

All other coal producers 177,202 18.7 

U.S. Total 945,424 100.0 

Notes: Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 2 million short tons in 1993. The company is the 

firm owning the mineral rights to the mined coal. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Figure 2. Production by Foreign-Controlled Firms as a Percentage of Total U.S. Coal 

Production, 1976, 1986, 1991, 1993 

CD 

O ) 

D 

~c 

CD 

O 

i_ 

CD 

Q _ 

1976 1986 1991 1993 

Note: Foreign-controlle d firm s ore U.S. coa l producer s with mor e tha n 5 0 percen t of their stock or asset s owne d by a 

foreig n firm . 

Sources : • 1976, 1986 , 1991 : Energy Informatio n Administratio n (EIA), "The Changin g Structur e of the U.S. Coal Industry : An 

Update. " 

• 1993 : (EIA), Form EIA-7A , "Coa l Production Report. " 

24 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Productive Capacity 

A dragline operator carefully maneuvers a bucket from the open face of this strip mine. Sixty-one percent of 

productive capacity 1993 came from surface mines. 
Table 15. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 19841 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 27,916 29,815 30,195 

Alaska w w w 

Arizona w w w 

Arkansas w w w 

California - w w 

Colorado 30,040 25,848 23,593 

Georgia - - -

Illinois 69,320 75,787 75,710 

Indiana 43,955 42,990 45,155 

Iowa w w w 

Kansas w w w 

Kentucky Total 204,805 195,352 199,282 

Eastern 157,318 149,046 145,549 

Western 47,486 46,306 53,734 

Louisiana w w w 

Maryland 3,927 3,902 4,248 

Missouri w w w 

Montana 50,849 48,582 48,604 

New Mexico 33,360 29,512 28,187 

North Dakota 36,371 36,986 35,976 

Ohio 42,236 41,329 47,397 

Oklahoma 2,422 2,486 2,328 

Pennsylvania Total 82,148 82,968 80,418 

Anthracite 5,806 4,143 4,043 

Bituminous 76,342 78,825 76,375 

Tennessee 3,763 3,932 5,159 

Texas 57,115 58,541 59,579 

Utah 25,933 25,534 25,482 

Virginia 50,879 54,471 55,271 

Washington w w w 

West Virginia Total 191,706 198,083 200,114 

Northern 60,015 62,811 64,717 

Southern 131,691 135,271 135,398 

Wyoming 277,875 253,312 250,251 

Appalachian Total 2 559,893 563,545 568,350 

Interior Total 2 225,938 235,040 245,487 

Western Total2 476,042 442,469 434,642 

East of Miss. River 720,654 728,628 742,949 

West of Miss. River 541,219 512,426 505,529 

U.S. Total 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,248,479 

NA NA 29,670 -6.4 NA -0.7 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA - w NA -

NA NA 19,895 16.2 NA 4.7 

NA NA w - NA w 

NA NA 70,146 -8.5 NA -.1 

NA NA 39,622 2.2 NA 1.1 

NA NA 782 w NA w 

NA NA 1,395 w NA w 

NA NA 164,378 4.8 NA 2.5 

NA NA 117,931 5.5 NA 3.3 

NA NA 46,447 2.5 NA .2 

NA NA - w NA w 

NA NA 4,217 .7 NA -.8 

NA NA 7,106 w NA w 

NA NA 36,511 4.7 NA 3.7 

NA NA 23,233 13.0 NA 4.1 

NA NA 26,705 -1.7 NA 3.5 

NA NA 42,649 2.2 NA -.1 

NA NA 4,814 -2.6 NA -7.3 

NA NA 86,959 -1.0 NA -.6 

NA NA 4,207 40.2 NA 3.6 

NA NA 82,752 -3.1 NA -.9 

NA NA 7,638 -4.3 NA -7.6 

NA NA 42,837 -2.4 NA 3.2 

NA NA 13,553 1.6 NA 7.5 

NA NA 43,069 -6.6 NA 1.9 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA 142,455 -3.2 NA 3.3 

NA NA 60,377 -4.4 NA -.1 

NA NA 82,078 -2.6 NA 5.4 

NA NA 143,143 9.7 NA 7.6 

NA NA w -.6 NA w 

NA NA w -3.9 NA w 

NA NA 280,795 7.6 NA 6.0 

NA NA 630,929 -1.1 NA 1.5 

NA NA 337,790 5.6 NA 5.4 

NA NA 968,719 1.7 NA 3.0 

' For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short 

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

26 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 16. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Percent) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984' 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 2.. 

Interior Total 2 

Western Total 2 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

88.46 86.26 89.97 NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

-

w w NA NA 

72.84 74.35 75.58 NA NA 

- - - NA NA 

59.28 78.98 79.58 NA NA 

66.60 70.86 69.66 NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

76.11 82.15 79.45 NA NA 

76.15 79.72 80.12 NA NA 

76.00 89.95 77.64 NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

85.01 84.50 88.12 NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

70.64 80.03 78.65 NA NA 

84.74 83.18 76.34 NA NA 

87.89 85.83 82.08 NA NA 

67.94 73.19 64.27 NA NA 

71.95 69.73 79.08 NA NA 

71.79 82.20 80.17 NA NA 

68.80 75.22 74.44 NA NA 

72.02 82.57 80.47 NA NA 

79.73 86.50 81.46 NA NA 

95.54 94.07 90.34 NA NA 

84.22 83.57 86.12 NA NA 

77.07 78.70 75.65 NA NA 

w w w NA NA 

67.91 81.70 83.42 NA NA 

56.15 79.44 80.32 NA NA 

73.28 82.75 84.90 NA NA 

75.62 75.07 77.46 NA NA 

72.85 80.63 80.13 NA NA 

73.95 83.22 79.57 NA NA 

77.41 78.04 78.86 NA NA 

71.37 80.47 79.26 NA NA 

79.29 79.80 80.05 NA NA 

74.77 80.20 79.58 NA NA 

91.06 

w 

w 

w 

90.21 

w 

90.89 

94.74 

67.26 

95.21 

95.37 

97.21 

90.70 

96.18 

94.62 

90.38 

91.55 

82.79 

91.71 

95.51 

88.16 

91.96 

87.97 

94.40 

96.05 

90.92 

92.66 

w 

91.46 

92.35 

90.81 

91.46 

w 

w 

90.39 

92.32 

91.24 

91.94 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

NA fg0 t available. 

Notes: Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 27 
Table 17. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines 

by State and Mine Type, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Production Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Production 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Production 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Alabama 15,544 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 12,842 

Illinois 33,096 

Indiana 2,583 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 91,971 

Eastern 71,683 

Western 20,288 

Louisiana 

Maryland 2,514 

Missouri 

Montana 10 

New Mexico 719 

North Dakota 

Ohio 10,437 

Oklahoma 98 

Pennsylvania Total 36,795 

Anthracite 280 

Bituminous 36,515 

Tennessee 1,857 

Texas 

Utah 21,841 

Virginia 30,096 

Washington 

West Virginia Total 87,827 

Northern 27,111 

Southern 60,716 

Wyoming 2,136 

Appalachian Total 1 256,754 

Interior Total 1 56,063 

Western Total 1 37,548 

East of Miss. River 312,720 

West of Miss. River 37,645 

Unknown2 688 

U.S. Total 351,053 

17,083 90.99 9,150 10,833 84.47 24,694 27,916 88.46 

- - 1,601 w w 1,601 w w 

- - 12,173 w w 12,173 w w 

- - 17 w w 17 w w 

19,375 66.28 9,039 10,665 84.76 21,881 30,040 72.84 

53,349 62.04 7,996 15,971 50.06 41,091 69,320 59.28 

w w 26,692 w w 29,275 43,955 66.60 

- - 168 w w 168 w w 

- - 341 w w 341 w w 

125,749 73.14 63,913 79,055 80.85 155,883 204,805 76.11 

98,317 72.91 48,110 59,001 81.54 119,793 157,318 76.15 

27,433 73.95 15,802 20,054 78.80 36,090 47,486 76.00 

- - 3,134 w w 3,134 w w 

w w 824 w w 3,339 3,927 85.01 

- - 648 w w 648 w w 

w w 35,907 w w 35,917 50,849 70.64 

w w 27,549 w w 28,268 33,360 84.74 

- - 31,966 36,371 87.89 31,966 36,371 87.89 

14,732 70.84 18,258 27,504 66.39 28,695 42,236 67.94 

w w 1,645 w w 1,743 2,422 71.95 

52,819 69.66 22,182 29,329 75.63 58,977 82,148 71.79 

715 39.18 3,715 5,092 72.96 3,995 5,806 68.80 

52,105 70.08 18,467 24,237 76.19 54,982 76,342 72.02 

w w 1,144 w w 3,000 3,763 79.73 

- - 54,567 57,115 95.54 54,567 57,115 95.54 

25,933 84.22 - - - 21,841 25,933 84.22 

39,141 76.89 9,118 11,738 77.67 39,214 50,879 77.07 

- - 4,739 w w 4,739 w w 

133,275 65.90 42,366 58,432 72.50 130,193 191,706 67.91 

51,468 52.67 6,585 8,547 77.05 33,696 60,015 56.15 

81,806 74.22 35,781 49,885 71.73 96,497 131,691 73.28 

w w 207,993 w w 210,129 277,875 75.62 

360,073 71.31 151,152 199,821 75.64 407,906 559,893 72.85 

87,288 64.23 111,011 138,650 80.07 167,074 225,938 73.95 

50,511 74.34 330,966 425,531 77.78 368,514 476,042 77.41 

447,121 69.94 201,642 273,533 73.72 514,362 720,654 71.37 

50,751 74.18 391,487 490,468 79.82 429,132 541,219 79.29 

NA NA 1,242 NA NA 1,930 NA NA 

497,872 70.37 594,371 • 764,002 77.63 945,424 1,261,873 74.77 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

"* Not available. 

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Coal production excludes silt, 

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

28 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 18. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional1 LongwalP Other1 J 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Alabama 6,691 

Colorado 7,406 

Illinois 37,603 

Indiana w 

Kentucky Total 91,691 

Eastern 72,608 

Western 19,082 

Maryland w 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 3,684 

Oklahoma w 

Pennsylvania Total 21,125 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 21,125 

Tennessee w 

Utah 9,077 

Virginia 21,431 

West Virginia Total 71,254 

Northern 13,388 

Southern 57,865 

Wyoming w 

Appalachian Total 3 199,051 

Interior Total 3 63,192 

Western Total 3 17,364 

East of Miss. River 262,003 

West of Miss. River 17,604 

U.S. Total 279,607 

90.82 -

67.52 4 

61.99 1,250 

w -

70.65 22,454 

71.61 16,832 

67.02 5,621 

84.04 83 

67.08 2,787 

-

515 

67.08 2,273 

w w 

75.73 960 

82.94 6,468 

73.04 16,336 

60.69 4,331 

75.90 12,004 

w w 

73.93 42,949 

61.37 6,871 

70.48 1,714 

70.93 49,820 

70.07 1,714 

-

10,392 

17.75 11,965 

79.83 13,736 

83.26 10,316 

80.97 7,587 

90.14 2,729 

-

w 

w -

-

w 

00.00 10,965 

61.49 28,707 

46.21 -

64.95 28,707 

w -

86.95 15,896 

77.42 11,182 

80.65 45,685 

89.04 33,749 

77.62 11,936 

w w 

79.10 116,524 

88.26 16,465 

61.04 31,433 

80.36 132,989 

61.04 31,433 

70.88 51,534 79.72 164,422 

91.10 

65.53 

62.17 

71.59 

65.29 

89.10 

w 

w 

66.19 

72.69 

72.69 

88.90 

64.95 

49.49 

44.83 

62.67 

w 

63.87 

66.63 

77.19 

64.21 

77.19 

66.69 

760 

1,289 

1,289 

200 

200 

60 

1,549 

760 

2,309 

2,309 

32.89 

86.08 

86.08 

21.10 

21.10 

88.53 

77.78 

32.89 

63.01 

63.01 

1

 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine capacity. 

2

 Includes shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading and unknown. 

3

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 29 
Table 19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and 

Coal Rank, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbitumlnous Lignite Anthracite 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Alabama 27,916 

Alaska 

Arizona w 

Arkansas 

Colorado 20,875 

Illinois 69,320 

Indiana 43,955 

Iowa w 

Kansas w 

Kentucky Total 204,805 

Eastern 157,318 

Western 47,486 

Louisiana 

Maryland 3,927 

Missouri w 

Montana 

New Mexico 14,100 

North Dakota 

Ohio 42,236 

Oklahoma 2,422 

Pennsylvania Total 76,342 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 76,342 

Tennessee 3,763 

Texas 550 

Utah 25,933 

Virginia 50,879 

Washington w 

West Virginia Total 191,706 

Northern 60,015 

Southern 131,691 

Wyoming w 

Appalachian Total 1 554,087 

Interior Total 1 165,607 

Western Total 1 78,053 

East of Miss. River 714,848 

West of Miss. River 82,899 

U.S. Total 797,746 

88.46 

65.36 9,165 

59.28 -

66.60 -

w -

w -

76.11 -

76.15 -

76.00 -

85.01 _ 

w -

-

w 

80.16 19,260 

67.94 _ 

71.95 _ 

72.02 -

72.02 _ 

79.73 -

75.78 -

84.22 -

77.07 -

w w 

67.91 -

56.15 -

73.28 -

w w 

72.90 _ 

66.29 -

78.61 361,175 

71.40 _ 

78.02 361,175 

72.08 361,175 

89.87 

w 

88.09 

w 

36.371 

w 

87.89 

5,806 

5,806 

68.80 

68.80 

56,565 95.73 

76.11 

60,315 

36,814 

76.11 97,129 

76.11 97,129 

94.98 

87.62 

92.19 

92.19 

5,806 

w 

5,806 

w 

2

 5,806 

68.80 

w 

68.80 

w 

2

 68.80 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

2

 Does not include Arkansas. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for Coal Rank definitions. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of 

coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

30 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State 

and Mine Production Range, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons, Percent) 

Productive Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

1,000 

and 

over 

500 

to 

1,000 

200 

to 

500 

100 

to 

200 

10 

to 

100 

1,000 

and 

over 

500 

to 

1,000 

200 

to 

500 

100 

to 

200 

10 

to 

100 

Alabama 16,852 

Alaska w 

Arizona w 

Arkansas 

Colorado 19,865 

Illinois 48,978 

Indiana 27,386 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 68,564 

Eastern 41,801 

Western 26,763 

Louisiana w 

Maryland w 

Missouri 

Montana 50,156 

New Mexico w 

North Dakota 35,590 

Ohio 16,267 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total 30,965 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 30,965 

Tennessee 

Texas 56,283 

Utah 20,238 

Virginia w 

Washington w 

West Virginia Total 85,404 

Northern 42,579 

Southern 42,825 

Wyoming 267,929 

Appalachian Total 1 199,019 

Interior Total 1 162,310 

Western Total' 444,900 

East of Miss. River 302,146 

West of Miss. River 504,083 

U.S. Total 806,229 

4,634 2,175 2,170 2,084 90.74 

w 

86.46 92.26 86.19 72.88 

- ~ : w 

w - - -

w 

7,450 1,720 w w 89.56 34.84 59.06 w w 

13,963 5,634 600 145 66.98 43.22 36.04 28.96 31.02 

8,073 6,039 1,691 765 63.63 75.55 68.47 59.98 78.57 

- - w - - - - w -

-

w -w - - w -w 

42,750 47,019 22,386 24,086 79.57 80.93 79.07 73.69 54.21 

32,091 41,508 20,195 21,723 80.03 83.84 78.00 74.65 55.16 

10,659 5,511 2,190 2,363 78.86 72.15 87.09 64.87 45.49 

-

w - - w -w - -

-

w w 920 w - w w 55.05 

- - w w - - - w w 

-

w -w 71.01 -

w -w 

w - - - w w - - -

782 - - - 87.62 100.00 - - -

8,601 7,026 3,969 6,372 82.99 62.61 67.93 66.64 37.54 

-

998 720 704 - - 90.69 78.35 38.85 

11,186 15,198 7,326 17,473 81.14 79.88 70.22 79.06 48.37 

600 1,512 836 2,858 -89.98 85.99 83.78 50.87 

10,586 13,686 6,490 14,615 81.14 79.31 68.48 78.45 47.88 

w w w 846 -w w w 69.46 

-

682 -

150 95.81 -

87.87 -29.70 

2,300 2,153 763 480 93.44 59.02 57.62 41.78 3.09 

w 16,074 7,912 8,343 w w 89.31 78.64 64.29 

-

w - - w -w - - 34,529 38,031 18,091 15,652 65.60 68.42 79.77 64.83 54.17 

3,210 6,449 3,396 4,382 49.44 63.89 83.90 74.22 60.77 

31,319 31,582 14,695 11,270 81.67 68.88 78.92 62.66 51.61 

w w w w 77.83 w w w w 

105,219 121,101 61,142 73,413 75.81 74.13 78.84 72.42 53.51 

32,695 20,114 6,436 4,384 78.82 60.64 65.89 60.68 49.23 

15,332 5,946 7,688 2,177 80.22 47.20 54.36 11.64 11.68 

137,914 138,285 65,623 76,686 73.54 70.93 76.97 71.45 53.47 

15,332 8,876 9,642 3,287 82.03 47.20 62.19 22.73 21.02 

153,246 147,161 75,265 79,973 78.85 68.56 76.08 65.21 52.13 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse 

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 31 
Table 21. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and 

Capacity Utilization Range, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons, Short Tons per Miner per Hour) 

Productive Capacity Productivity 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Capacity Utilization Range 

Coal-Producing (percent) 

State and Region 

90 

and 

over 

80 

to 

90 

70 

to 

80 

60 

to 

70 

Less 

than 

60 

Total 

90 

and 

over 

80 

to 

90 

70 

to 

80 

60 

to 

70 

Less 

than 

60 

Total 

Alabama 14,257 9,167 3,440 344 708 27,916 

Alaska - - - w - w 

Arizona w w w 

Arkansas w w 

Colorado 8,940 5,200 6,820 1,950 7,130 30,040 

Illinois 10,708 7,410 8,000 7,754 35,447 69,320 

Indiana 11,912 7,095 w w 16,089 43,955 

Iowa w w 

Kansas w w - - - w 

Kentucky Total 89,935 28,111 10,062 29,401 47,295 204,805 

Eastern 71,563 17,523 8,962 23,201 36,069 157,318 

Western 18,372 10,588 1,100 6,200 11,227 47,486 

Louisiana w - - - w w 

Maryland w w w w 495 3,927 

Missouri w - w - w w 

Montana - - 40,156 w w 50,849 

New Mexico w w w w w 33,360 

North Dakota 23,835 4,600 - 3,984 3,952 36,371 

Ohio w 4,340 w 1,087 17,802 42,236 

Oklahoma 972 500 - - 950 2,422 

Pennsylvania Total 29,820 10,935 9,690 6,142 25,561 82,148 

Anthracite 1,520 1,225 606 741 1,714 5,806 

Bituminous 28,299 9,710 9,084 5,401 23,847 76,342 

Tennessee 2,223 w - w 940 3,763 

Texas 50,533 3,782 - w w 57,115 

Utah 14,525 7,528 - - 3,880 25,933 

Virginia 26,120 3,790 3,258 3,973 13,737 50,879 

Washington w - - w - w 

West Virginia Total 63,185 23,074 12,255 8,770 84,422 191,706 

Northern 10,083 4,677 4,146 477 40,632 60,015 

Southern 53,102 18,397 8,108 8,293 43,790 131,691 

Wyoming 84,295 66,000 w w 59,780 277,875 

Appalachian Total' 227,204 69,220 39,304 44,432 179,734 559,893 

Interior Total' 95,617 29,775 14,159 20,654 65,733 225,938 

Western Total' 162,496 93,328 94,736 42,491 82,992 476,042 

East Of Miss. River 268,196 94,313 53,213 62,436 242,496 720,654 

West of Miss. River 217,121 98,010 94,986 45,141 85,962 541,219 

U.S. Total 485,317 192,323 148,198 107,577 328,458 1,261,873 

2.78 1.99 2.11 4.38 0.75 2.35 

- - - 7.40 -

7.40 

6.53 6.24 - - - 6.21 

1.39 - - - - 1.39 

7.24 6.07 5.87 5.27 3.01 5.85 

3.64 3.23 3.35 3.28 2.92 3.23 

4.92 6.40 3.93 3.13 3.56 4.46 

- - - - .72 .72 

4.70 2.24 - - - 2.30 

3.93 3.42 3.10 3.79 1.52 3.25 

3.81 3.39 3.12 3.86 1.45 3.18 

4.43 3.48 3.00 3.57 1.78 3.49 

13.10 - - - 8.52 12.14 

4.98 1.94 2.97 1.87 .98 3.41 

.76 -3.25 -5.30 1.84 

- - 19.12 17.59 26.74 19.49 

8.57 9.00 5.50 4.13 1.57 6.68 

18.05 15.71 -

14.66 23.77 17.66 

3.93 3.73 5.39 3.38 2.45 3.46 

3.54 3.03 - - 1.72 2.80 

4.25 3.02 2.24 2.38 1.47 2.80 

4.50 5.44 1.71 2.15 .40 1.85 

4.24 2.85 2.29 2.41 1.71 2.91 

2.97 2.16 -

2.61 1.25 2.47 

8.30 10.67 -

8.72 3.17 8.42 

6.81 6.33 - - 2.20 5.96 

3.06 2.61 2.54 2.46 1.18 2.41 

4.08 - - 2.76 -

4.00 

3.76 4.55 3.78 4.53 2.20 3.27 

3.29 4.09 4.56 2.16 2.52 2.98 

3.87 4.68 3.46 4.84 1.96 3.39 

24.44 24.64 37.35 24.70 16.52 24.46 

3.67 3.25 2.87 3.42 1.78 3.00 

5.84 4.19 3.49 3.65 2.71 4.43 

12.91 14.44 17.66 12.59 9.91 13.53 

3.75 3.40 3.01 3.40 1.95 3.11 

11.16 13.71 17.46 12.26 8.81 12.14 

5.32 5.51 6.45 4.89 2.48 4.70 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, 

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

32 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 22. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State 

and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Recoverable Reserves Range 

(million short tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Coal-Producing 50 and over 10 to 50 0 to 10 Total 

State and Region 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1... 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River ... 

West of Miss. River 

U.S. Total 

11,227 

w 

w 

91.69 

w 

w 

12,440 

17,160 

w 

95.07 

76.36 

w 

16,681 

3,515 

13,166 

w 

73.64 

81.34 

71.58 

w 

w 

50,156 

29,860 

w 

w 

w 

71.01 

88.98 

w 

w 

18,300 85.55 

18,300 85.55 

50,158 

15,738 

96.02 

94.21 

29,582 

24,132 

5,450 

269.481 

43.71 

39.50 

62.35 

75.87 

72,166 

90,258 

429,528 

68.53 

86.49 

78.75 

109,193 

482,759 

70.07 

80.63 

6,441 85.44 10,248 86.82 27,916 88.46 

13,600 54.00 

31,328 56.67 

w w 

w w 

43,093 68.75 

34,632 66.36 

8,462 78.56 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

23,781 63.35 

w w 

w w 

w w 

5,753 69.79 

12,103 61.71 

w w 

59,729 67.66 

16,404 64.44 

43,326 68.88 

w w 

148,724 66.64 

61,267 63.74 

34,549 64.37 

203,266 65.01 

41,274 68.49 

591,952 78.68 244,540 65.60 

- - w w 

w w w w 

4,000 67.73 30,040 72.84 

20,832 49.12 69,320 59.28 

22,502 71.67 43,955 66.60 

- - w w 

w w w w 

145,031 78.59 204,805 76.11 

119,172 78.84 157,318 76.15 

25,859 77.41 47,486 76.00 

w w w w 

w w 3,927 85.01 

w w w w 

w w 50,849 70.64 

w w 33,360 84.74 

w w 36,371 87.89 

23,162 68.19 42,236 67.94 

w w 2,422 71.95 

40,067 70.52 82,148 71.79 

w w 5,806 68.80 

w w 76,342 72.02 

3,763 79.73 3,763 79.73 

w w 57,115 95.54 

4,443 67.53 25.933 84.22 

38,776 81.87 50,879 77.07 

w w w w 

102,395 75.05 191,706 67.91 

19,480 69.77 60,015 56.15 

82,915 76.29 131,691 73.28 

w w 277,875 75.62 

339,002 76.50 559,893 72.85 

74,413 67.14 225,938 73.95 

11,966 67.14 476,042 77.41 

408,195 74.89 720,654 71.37 

17,186 67.58 541,219 79.29 

425,381 74.60 1,261,873 74.77 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is 

the ratio of total production to productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and 

dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 33 
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Alabama 22,089 

Underground 16,736 

Surface 5,353 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona w 

Surface w 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 10,670 

Underground 7,720 

Surface 2,950 

Illinois 53,875 

Underground 39,544 

Surface 14,331 

Indiana 24,878 

Underground w 

Surface w 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas w 

Surface w 

Kentucky Total 20,261 

Underground 17,085 

Surface 3,177 

Eastern 8,325 

Underground 8,025 

Surface 300 

Western 11,937 

Underground 9,060 

Surface 2,877 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri w 

Surface w 

Montana w 

Underground 

Surface w 

New Mexico 11,600 

Underground w 

Surface w 

North Dakota 8,718 

Surface 8,718 

Ohio 18,732 

Underground 12,743 

Surface 5,990 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 29,730 

Underground 27,630 

Surface 2,100 

Anthracite 1,763 

Underground 

Surface 1,763 

Bituminous 27,966 

Underground 27,630 

Surface 336 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

89.68 

90.80 

86.18 

w 

w 

48.46 

40.77 

68.59 

52.78 

54.41 

48.27 

54.10 

w 

w 

w 

w 

52.23 

52.09 

52.95 

61.30 

60.85 

73.33 

45.90 

44.33 

50.82 

w 

w 

w 

83.18 

w 

w 

63.69 

63.69 

63.79 

67.01 

56.92 

56.56 

55.13 

75.35 

75.30 

75.30 

55.38 

55.13 

75.64 

5,827 

347 

5,480 

W 

w 

2,600 

2,600 

4,064 

3,464 

600 

1,300 

1,335 

535 

800 

1,335 

535 

800 

17,260 

w 

4,600 

4,600 

349 

349 

w 

207 

207 

104 

104 

103 

103 

34,660 

34,660 

w 

w 

79.27 16,770 

-

11,655 

79.27 5,115 

72.98 11,381 

80.60 10,341 

28.96 1,040 

65.43 17,777 

-

w 

w w 

-

w 

-

w 

-

w 

-

w 

95.72 183,208 

99.12 108,130 

93.44 75,079 

95.72 147,659 

99.12 89,757 

93.44 57,901 

-

35,550 

-

18,373 

-

17,177 

-

w 

-

w 

-

3,927 

-

w 

-

w 

-

w 

-

w 

w 10,250 

-

w 

w w 

84.73 4,500 

w w 

89.93 23,054 

89.93 23,054 

67.44 23,154 

-

1,989 

67.44 21,165 

w w 

-

w 

w w 

44.90 52,211 

-

25,189 

44.90 27,022 

49.59 3,939 

-

715 

49.59 3,224 

40.19 48,272 

-

24,475 

40.19 23,798 

-

3,763 

-

w 

-

w 

99.84 22,455 

99.84 22,455 

83.82 27,916 

00.00 17,083 

82.80 10,833 

-

w 

-

w 

-

w 

-

w 

w w 

w w 

87.35 30,040 

83.17 19,375 

96.87 10,665 

85.14 69,320 

84.96 53,349 

86.93 15,971 

84.19 43,955 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

78.61 204,805 

76.33 125,749 

81.89 79,055 

76.81 157,318 

73.83 98,317 

81.42 59,001 

86.11 47,486 

88.56 27,433 

83.49 20,054 

w w 

w w 

85.01 3,927 

w w 

w w 

w w 

w w 

70.16 50,849 

w w 

w w 

88.76 33,360 

-

w 

w w 

96.63 36,371 

96.63 36,371 

71.31 42,236 

95.39 14,732 

69.05 27,504 

w 2,422 

w w 

w w 

80.58 82,148 

85.61 52,819 

75.89 29,329 

66.40 5,806 

39.18 715 

72.43 5,092 

81.73 76,342 

86.96 52,105 

76.36 24,237 

79.73 3,763 

w w 

w w 

88.90 57,115 

88.90 57,115 

88.46 

90.99 

84.47 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

72.84 

66.28 

84.76 

59.28 

62.04 

50.06 

66.60 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

76.11 

73.14 

80.85 

76.15 

72.91 

81.54 

76.00 

73.95 

78.80 

w 

w 

85.01 

w 

w 

w 

w 

70.64 

w 

w 

84.74 

w 

w 

87.89 

87.89 

67.94 

70.84 

66.39 

71.95 

w 

w 

71.79 

69.66 

75.63 

68.80 

39.18 

72.96 

72.02 

70.08 

76.19 

79.73 

w 

w 

95.54 

95.54 

See footnotes at end of table. 

34 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

(percent) 

Utah 8,818 

Underground 8,818 

Virginia 18,685 

Underground 17,333 

Surface 1,352 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total 102,801 

Underground 80,805 

Surface 21,995 

Northern 40,838 

Underground 40,838 

Surface 

Southern 61,963 

Underground 39,967 

Surface 21,995 

Wyoming w 

Underground 

Surface w 

Appalachian Total 1 200,360 

Underground 163,271 

Surface 37,090 

Interior Total' 91,264 

Underground 52,694 

Surface 38,570 

Western Total' 77,648 

Underground 18,538 

Surface 59,110 

East of Miss. River 291,050 

Underground 215,965 

Surface 75,086 

West of Miss. River 78,222 

Underground 18,538 

Surface 59,685 

U.S. Total 369,272 

Underground 234,502 

Surface 134,770 

78.12 528 87.08 16,588 87.37 25,933 84.22 

78.12 528 87.08 16,588 87.37 25,933 84.22 

69.27 - - 32,194 81.60 50,879 77.07 

68.35 - - 21,808 83.68 39,141 76.89 

81.14 - - 10,386 77.22 11,738 77.67 

-

w w w w w w 

-

w w w w w w 

56.08 - - 88,906 81.59 191,706 67.91 

56.03 - - 52,469 81.09 133,275 65.90 

56.26 - - 36,436 82.31 58,432 72.50 

45.90 - - 19,178 77.97 60,015 56.15 

45.90 - - 10,631 78.71 51,468 52.67 

- - - 8,547 77.05 8,547 77.05 

62.79 - - 69,728 82.59 131,691 73.28 

66.39 - - 41,839 81.70 81,806 74.22 

56.26 - - 27,889 83.93 49,885 71.73 

w w w 269,325 75.29 277,875 75.62 

- - - w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

62.02 1,892 84.92 357,641 78.86 559,893 72.85 

61.85 535 99.12 196,267 79.10 360,073 71.31 

62.81 1,357 79.32 161,374 78.56 199,821 75.64 

52.45 40,373 95.41 94,301 85.56 225,938 73.95 

52.11 3,464 80.60 31,131 82.92 87,288 64.23 

52.92 36,910 96.80 63,170 86.86 138,650 80.07 

74.06 57,558 78.91 340,836 77.92 476,042 77.41 

58.02 528 87.08 31,446 83.74 50,511 74.34 

79.09 57,030 78.83 309,391 77.33 425,531 77.78 

58.97 7,255 74.74 422,349 79.86 720,654 71.37 

59.47 3,999 83.08 227,157 79.66 447,121 69.94 

57.55 3,257 64.50 195,191 80.09 273,533 73.72 

74.15 92,567 86.55 370,430 78.56 541,219 79.29 

58.02 528 87.08 31,686 83.41 50,751 74.18 

79.16 92,039 86.55 338,744 78.11 490,468 79.82 

62.19 99,823 85.70 792,778 79.25 1,261,873 74.77 

59.36 4,527 83.55 258,843 80.12 497,872 70.37 

67.12 95,296 85.80 533,935 78.83 764,002 77.63 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity, as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse 

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 35 
Recoverable Coal Reserves 

at Mines 

Operations at the Antelope surface mine in Converse County, Wyoming. After the coal is removed, the front-end 

loader fills the in-pit crusher and an overland conveyor system transports the coal from the mine to the storage 

facilities. 
Figure 3. Recoverable Coal Reserves at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by 

Region, 1984-1993 

25-

Total 

tn To

2 0 -

n 

^~~ — 

Short 

15-

Surface 

ion 

10- Undergroun d 

Bil 

5 -

^ 

84 '85'86'87'88'89'90'91'92'93 ' 

i U -

2 5 -

Total 

"-—~_____^ to 

20-

^ - ^ 

Ton 

20-

^ ~ ~ 

Short 

15- Western 

c lio 

10- Appalachia n 

Bil 

5-

0 -

Interior 5-

0 -

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 

Figure 4. Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by 

Region, 1984-1993 

90-i 

8 5 -

8 0 -

7 5 -

7 0 -

65-

Surface 

Total 

c 

9 0 -

8 5 -

8 0 -

7 5 -

Western 

Total 

9 rcent 

90-i 

8 5 -

8 0 -

7 5 -

7 0 -

65-

Surface 

Total 

c 

9 0 -

8 5 -

8 0 -

7 5 -

Western 

Total 

o_ 

90-i 

8 5 -

8 0 -

7 5 -

7 0 -

65-

Surface 

Total 

c 

9 0 -

8 5 -

8 0 -

7 5 -

6 0 -

5 5 -

** Underg round 

— 

Perce 

70-

65-

6 0 -

Interior 

Appalachia n 

— - .- • 

u i 84 

l l I 

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 

i 

93 

Perce 

70-

65-

6 0 -

Interior 

Appalachia n 

5 5 -

v, 

V 

84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 

Sources : Energy Informatio n Administration , Form EIA —7A. "Coa l Production Report; " State Mining Agency Coal 

Production Report s and/o r U.S. Departmen t of Labor, Mine Safety an d Healt h Administration , Form 700 0 — 2 , 

"Quarterl y Mine Employmen t an d Coal Production Report. " 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 37 
Table 24. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total' .. 

Interior Total' 

Western Total' 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

427 468 470 489 508 659 -8.8 -4.3 -4.7 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

- w w w w - w w -

609 608 618 546 662 864 .1 -2.1 -3.8 

- - - - - w - - w 

1,064 1,199 1,257 1,174 1,381 1,396 -11.3 -6.3 -3.0 

379 405 420 444 475 497 -6.2 -5.5 -2.9 

w w w w w 8 w w w 

w w w w 28 39 w w w 

1,828 1,453 1,632 1,585 1,513 1,886 25.8 4.8 -.3 

1,347 955 1,084 994 933 1,256 41.1 9.6 .8 

481 498 548 591 580 630 -3.5 -4.6 -2.9 

w w w w w - w w w 

66 59 86 85 87 68 12.1 -6.6 -.3 

w w w w w 343 w w w 

1,285 1,352 1,393 1,872 1,514 1,807 -4.9 -4.0 -3.7 

1,473 1,495 1,608 1,527 1,411 1,521 -1.4 1.1 -.3 

1,411 1,335 1,386 1,414 1,361 1,622 5.7 .9 -1.5 

520 576 591 692 815 891 -9.8 -10.6 -5.8 

46 48 40 38 24 59 -4.3 18.1 -2.8 

940 937 986 1,126 1,184 1,451 .2 -5.6 -4 7 

65 70 76 77 60 67 -7.0 2.1 -.2 

874 867 910 1,050 1,124 1,385 .8 -6.1 -5.0 

29 43 56 63 72 107 -31.4 -19.9 -13.3 

1,105 1,188 1,225 1,209 1,135 877 -7.0 -.7 2.6 

447 488 509 505 519 533 -8.5 -3.7 -1.9 

336 366 412 424 420 612 -8.2 -5.4 -6.4 

w w w w w w w w w 

1,931 2,043 2,122 2,115 2,313 2,935 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 

824 960 1,035 1,018 1,183 1,521 -14.3 -8.6 -6.6 

1,107 1,083 1,087 1,097 1,131 1,414 2.3 -.5 -2.7 

6,831 6,751 6,336 6,564 6,288 5,927 1.2 2.1 1.6 

5,596 5,446 5,807 5,989 6,331 w 2.7 -3.0 w 

3,300 3,559 3,715 3,682 3,907 w -7.3 -4.1 w 

12,639 12,622 12,477 13,091 12,442 12,768 .1 .4 -.1 

7,520 7,549 8,031 8,197 8,767 10,502 -.4 -3.8 -3.6 

14,016 14,078 13,968 14,564 13,913 14,097 -.4 .2 -.1 

21,535 21,627 21,999 22,761 22,680 24,599 -.4 -1.3 -1.5 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short 

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

38 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 25. Average Recovery Percentage at Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 ... 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

63.16 61.97 60.51 60.40 62.84 65.75 

w w w w w w 

w w w w w w 

w w w w w w 

- w w w w -

71.99 71.56 69.09 68.55 67.16 68.05 

51.19 51.53 51.57 52.15 49.37 51.48 

73.12 74.48 72.48 71.24 71.23 71.25 

w w w w w 67.20 

w w w w 76.55 81.81 

62.26 63.24 62.87 63.21 64.81 69.43 

64.00 66.84 65.98 66.97 68.19 68.99 

57.38 56.36 56.71 56.88 59.39 70.31 

w w w w w -

67.82 66.16 72.32 73.17 71.53 75.75 

W w w w w 85.42 

90.43 89.70 89.89 82.47 89.97 93.32 

92.28 91.92 92.21 92.31 93.66 91.28 

90.96 90.62 90.99 90.91 90.04 89.59 

68.86 69.15 67.58 69.79 69.34 64.62 

66.11 66.73 70.48 72.35 86.63 85.32 

67.95 66.12 63.77 67.12 68.30 68.08 

61.04 62.62 62.85 51.38 50.76 61.23 

68.47 66.41 63.85 68.26 69.24 68.41 

68.92 69.80 73.50 68.12 65.64 68.20 

84.23 85.39 84.02 83.22 81.38 86.53 

47.51 49.04 52.71 52.41 54.09 56.61 

62.72 64.78 63.61 66.21 65.64 68.97 

w w w w w w 

61.30 62.05 61.38 58.36 59.69 59.59 

52.17 54.04 51.92 50.54 50.62 53.46 

68.09 69.15 70.40 65.62 69.17 66.18 

91.94 91.19 91.67 91.57 92.10 91.86 

64.11 64.62 63.64 63.79 64.67 w 

68.27 68.46 67.57 67.70 65.91 w 

88.98 88.31 88.53 87.59 88.59 88.28 

62.31 62.52 61.74 62.03 62.27 63.56 

88.48 87.96 88.01 87.16 87.92 88.05 

79.34 79.08 78.42 78.11 78.00 77.59 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all 

mines in the geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 39 
Table 26. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Mines 

by State and Mine Type, 1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River . 

U.S. Total 

359 58.42 68 88.26 427 63.16 

- -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

409 63.37 200 89.61 609 71.99 

1,012 49.96 52 75.20 1,064 51.19 

w w w w 379 73.12 

- -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

1,287 55.08 541 79.34 1,828 62.26 

940 57.73 407 78.49 1,347 64.00 

347 47.87 134 81.92 481 57.38 

- -

w w w w 

w w w w 66 67.82 

- -

w w w w 

w w w w 1,285 90.43 

w w w w 1,473 92.28 

- -

1,411 90.96 1,411 90.96 

295 57.91 225 83.23 520 68.86 

w w w w 46 66.11 

772 65.03 168 81.42 940 67.95 

53 63.19 13 52.04 65 61.04 

719 65.16 155 83.81 874 68.47 

w w w w 29 68.92 

- -

1,105 84.23 1,105 84.23 

447 47.51 - -

447 47.51 

294 58.89 41 89.90 336 62.72 

- -

w w w w 

1,442 56.22 489 76.27 1,931 61.30 

776 51.05 47 70.47 824 52.17 

666 62.24 442 76.90 1,107 68.09 

w w w w 6,831 91.94 

4,179 58.86 1,417 79.60 5,596 64.11 

1,452 49.71 1,848 82.85 3,300 68.27 

928 55.80 11,712 91.61 12,639 88.98 

5,597 56.48 1,922 79.27 7,520 62.31 

962 55.95 13,054 90.88 14,016 88.48 

6,559 56.40 14,977 89.39 21,535 79.34 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

40 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 27. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall1 Shortwall1 Other1 Unknown3 Total 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total4 .. 

Interior Total 4 

Western Total 4 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River . 

U.S. Total 

88 

162 

719 

w 

1,021 

750 

271 

w 

63 

w 

300 

300 

w 

189 

138 

703 

173 

531 

w 

2,069 

1,084 

382 

3,119 

416 

3,535 

36 

159 

130 

29 

w 

38 

32 

7 

w 

5 

19 

67 

36 

30 

w 

264 

65 

13 

328 

13 

342 

271 

247 

257 

103 

56 

47 

w 

w 

232 

412 

412 

252 

137 

672 

567 

105 

w 

1,820 

303 

533 

2,123 

533 

2,656 

21 

21 

26 

26 

26 

359 

409 

1,012 

w 

1,287 

940 

347 

w 

w 

w 

295 

w 

772 

53 

719 

w 

447 

294 

1,442 

776 

666 

w 

4,179 

1,452 

928 

5,597 

962 

6,559 

* Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine reserves. 

2

 Includes scoop loading and hand loading. 

3

 Calculated by subtracting the sum of the reported mining methods from total received underground reserves. 

4

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 41 
Table 28. Average Recovery Percentage at Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Continuous 1 Conventional 1 Longwall 1 Shortwall 1 Other 1 Unknown3 Total 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 4... 

Interior Total 4 

Western Total 4 

East of Miss. River... 

West of Miss. River . 

U.S. Total 

57.17 -

58.82 

60.71 70.00 65.10 

46.52 45.00 60.28 

w - -

54.47 61.37 50.72 

56.98 64.43 51.31 

47.55 47.46 50.00 

w -w 

-

w -

- -

w 

56.40 -

58.32 

w - -

66.26 55.80 64.46 

-

55.19 -

66.26 58.75 64.46 

w w -

47.85 46.00 47.29 

59.66 57.41 58.29 

58.98 64.30 52.53 

52.91 71.09 49.20 

60.95 56.08 70.52 

w w w 

59.29 63.16 57.53 

47.42 46.08 58.70 

54.82 59.77 56.40 

55.16 59.78 57.70 

55.24 59.77 56.40 

69.94 

69.94 

55.17 59.78 57.44 

75.14 

75.14 

65.00 

73.99 

73.99 

73.99 

58.42 

63.37 

49.96 

w 

55.08 

57.73 

47.87 

w 

w 

w 

57.91 

w 

65.03 

63.19 

65.16 

w 

47.51 

58.89 

56.22 

51.05 

62.24 

w 

58.86 

49.71 

55.80 

56.48 

55.95 

56.40 

1

 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine recovery percentage. 

2

 Includes scoop loading and hand loading. 

3

 Calculated by subtracting the sum of the reported mining methods from total received underground percentage. 

4

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all 

mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

42 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 29. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. 

Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000.... 

500 to 1,000. 

200 to 500 .... 

100 to 200.... 

50 to 100 

10 to 50 

U.S. Total 

3,878 54.43 13,083 90.23 16,960 82.05 

1,054 58.18 422 84.07 1,476 65.58 

731 57.21 385 81.74 1,116 65.67 

373 60.93 479 86.60 852 75.35 

299 61.97 325 78.56 624 70.61 

224 64.68 283 85.91 507 76.53 

6,559 56.40 14,977 89.39 21,535 79.34 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Table 30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at U.S. 

Mines by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total 

Coalbed Thickness 

(Inches) Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

7-12 

13-18 

19-24 

25-30 

31-36 

37-42 

43-48 

49-54 

55-60 

61-66 

67-72 

73-78 

79-84 

85-90 

91-96 

97-102 

103-108 

109-114 

115-120 

> 120 

U.S. Total. 

- -

37 82.64 37 82.64 

- -

55 85.73 55 85.73 

15 45.38 302 72.65 317 71.35 

53 58.10 206 81.57 259 76.78 

230 60.96 352 77.24 582 70.81 

398 59.29 351 78.93 748 68.49 

630 64.43 368 86.87 998 72.71 

337 55.53 358 91.60 695 74.10 

959 58.61 284 79.17 1,243 63.31 

990 54.29 321 84.15 1,311 61.60 

623 57.12 286 81.58 909 64.82 

359 48.44 182 85.67 541 60.97 

641 54.34 362 93.43 1,003 68.44 

150 48.25 64 86.60 214 59.66 

354 55.29 135 85.95 489 63.75 

88 51.14 256 88.21 344 78.70 

83 50.86 1 88.63 84 51.15 

93 61.72 39 75.19 132 65.66 

301 60.13 23 78.83 324 61.46 

254 47.58 10,996 91.48 11,249 90.49 

6,559 56.40 14,977 89.39 21,535 79.34 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents thet percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 43 
Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at 

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coat 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

See footnotes at end of table. 

413 62.55 - - 14 80.84 427 63.16 

355 58.30 - - 4 70.00 359 58.42 

57 88.92 - - 10 84.65 68 88.26 

- - w w - - w w 

- - w w - - w w 

w w - - - - w w 

w w - - - - w w 

- - - - w w w w 

- - - - w w w w 

136 73.28 48 90.00 424 69.54 609 71.99 

105 67.91 - - 304 61.79 409 63.37 

31 91.39 48 90.00 121 89.00 200 89.61 

631 49.44 22 61.66 411 53.34 1,064 51.19 

587 47.55 22 61.66 403 52.83 1,012 49.96 

44 74.47 - - 8 79.31 52 75.20 

281 73.21 1 68.00 97 72.93 379 73.12 

w w - - w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

- - - - w w w w 

- - - - w w w w 

w w - - - - w w 

w w - - - - w w 

296 53.49 8 72.44 1,524 63.91 1,828 62.26 

291 52.93 4 60.00 992 55.69 1,287 55.08 

5 83.66 4 85.00 532 79.25 541 79.34 

156 61.04 8 72.44 1,183 64.34 1,347 64.00 

156 60.98 4 60.00 780 57.07 940 57.73 

* 90.00 4 85.00 403 78.41 407 78.49 

140 45.04 - - 341 62.44 481 57.38 

135 43.61 - - 212 50.59 347 47.87 

5 83.28 - - 129 81.87 134 81.92 

- - - - w w w w 

- - - - w w w w 

- - - - 66 67.82 66 67.82 

- - - - w w w w 

- - - - w w w w 

w w - - w w w w 

w w - - w w w w 

w w w w 191 94.69 1,285 90.43 

- - - - w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

130 79.36 1,133 94.93 211 86.00 1,473 92.28 

w w - - - - w W 

w w w w w w w W 

403 90.00 208 90.00 800 91.69 1,411 90.96 

403 90.00 208 90.00 800 91.69 1,411 90.96 

369 63.98 * 61.90 151 80.82 520 68.86 

277 58.37 - - 18 50.83 295 57.91 

92 80.84 * 61.90 133 84.91 225 83.23 

- - w w w w 46 66.11 

- - - - w w w w 

- - w w w w w w 

390 61.27 1 96.02 549 72.66 940 67.95 

382 60.84 - - 390 69.13 772 65.03 

8 82.83 1 96.02 159 81.28 168 81.42 

3 79.06 1 99.00 62 59.80 65 61.04 

- - - - 53 63.19 53 63.19 

3 79.06 1 99.00 9 40.34 13 52.04 

387 61.14 * 46.00 487 74.29 874 68.47 

382 60.84 - - 337 70.06 719 65.16 

5 84.99 * 46.00 150 83.78 155 83.81 

- - - - 29 68.92 29 68.92 

- - - - w w w w 

- - - - w w w w 

- - 572 89.33 532 78.75 1,105 84.23 

- - 572 89.33 532 78.75 1,105 84.23 

44 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at 

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 (Continued) 

(Million Short Tons) 

UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Utah 

Underground 

Virginia 

Underground 

Surface 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total . 

Underground 

Surface 

Northern 

Underground 

Surface 

Southern 

Underground 

Surface 

Wyoming 

Underground 

Surface 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Underground 

Surface 

Interior Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

Western Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

East of Miss. River.. 

Underground 

Surface 

West of Miss. River. 

Underground 

Surface 

U.S. Total 

Underground 

Surface 

189 43.45 13 59.00 244 50.04 447 47.51 

189 43.45 13 59.00 244 50.04 447 47.51 

173 56.73 - - 163 69.07 336 62.72 

170 56.12 - - 125 62.68 294 58.89 

3 92.36 - - 39 89.72 41 89.90 

- - w w w w w w 

- - w w w w w w 

1,302 57.90 - - 629 68.33 1,931 61.30 

1,021 52.87 - - 421 64.33 1,442 56.22 

281 76.13 - - 207 76.47 489 76.27 

684 49.22 - - 139 66.61 824 52.17 

684 49.22 - - 92 64.63 776 51.05 

- - - - 47 70.47 47 70.47 

618 67.50 - - 489 68.82 1,107 68.09 

337 60.28 - - 329 64.25 666 62.24 

281 76.13 - - 160 78.23 442 76.90 

w w w w 6,619 91.91 6,831 91.94 

- - - - w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

2,802 59.96 9 74.21 2,784 68.26 5,596 64.11 

2,361 56.39 4 60.00 1,814 62.07 4,179 58.86 

441 79.01 5 85.84 970 79.84 1,417 79.60 

1,107 56.87 595 88.28 1,598 68.71 3,300 68.27 

751 46.94 22 61.66 679 52.40 1,452 49.71 

356 77.82 574 89.28 919 80.78 1,848 82.85 

1,689 82.90 2,456 91.40 8,494 89.49 12,639 88.98 

315 52.70 13 59.00 599 57.36 928 55.80 

1,374 89.83 2,443 91.58 7,895 91.93 11,712 91.61 

3,854 58.66 32 65.46 3,634 66.15 7,520 62.31 

3,112 54.11 26 61.40 2,459 59.43 5,597 56.48 

742 77.73 6 82.27 1,174 80.24 1,922 79.27 

1,744 83.08 3,029 91.01 9,243 88.68 14,016 88.48 

315 52.70 13 59.00 633 57.50 962 55.95 

1,429 89.78 3,015 91.15 8,610 90.97 13,054 90.88 

5,598 66.27 3,060 90.75 12,877 82.32 21,535 79.34 

3,427 53.98 39 60.59 3,093 59.03 6,559 56.40 

2,171 85.66 3,022 91.13 9,784 89.68 14,977 89.39 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See 

Glossary for listing of other unions. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 45 
Table 32. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from 

Producing Federal Coal Leases by State, Fiscal Year 1993 

(Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing State Number of Leases Recoverable Coal Reserves Production 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Colorado 

Kentucky 

Montana 

2 

28 

1 

13 

8 

5 

3 

35 

1 

35 

30 

20 

1,560 

10 

970 

280 

150 

50 

3,060 

6,880 

0.4 

13.2 

.1 

26.6 

4.0 

North Dakota 

2 

28 

1 

13 

8 

5 

3 

35 

1 

35 

30 

20 

1,560 

10 

970 

280 

150 

50 

3,060 

6,880 

2.9 

Oklahoma 

Utah 

Washington 

2 

28 

1 

13 

8 

5 

3 

35 

1 

35 

30 

20 

1,560 

10 

970 

280 

150 

50 

3,060 

6,880 

.5 

19.0 

.8 

178.5 

U.S. Total 131 13,010 246.0 

Note: Fiscal year 1993 is the period from July 1, 1992 to June 30, 1993. Output from Federal Lands is reported as sales volume, the basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Federal Coal Management Report (or Fiscal Year 1993, Production and 

Royalties of Federal Coal Leases. 

46 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Producer/Distributor Stocks 

U.S. producer and distributor stocks at the end of 1993 totaled 25 million short tons, the lowest year-end level since 

1981. 

' '^T/&r3*3£i2Zn. *3T ^:-^jM&stttr:]^-'*T''m:>>: ;T#E#EU ; ~'\\ 
Table 33. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Unknown State 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River . 

U.S. Total 

1,698 2,185 2,233 2,764 2,802 -22.3 -11.8 

19 71 75 124 128 -72.9 -37.8 

1,590 1,555 1,461 1,191 1,333 2.2 4.5 

5 6 - - - -18.8 -

- 36 127 108 110 -100.0 -

1,155 955 850 1,274 817 21.0 9.0 

713 1,969 1,418 1,955 2,385 -63.8 -26.0 

527 1,016 525 559 360 -48.1 9.9 

25 28 20 33 16 -13.8 11.3 

3,216 3,796 4,646 4,114 4,509 -15.3 -8.1 

2,558 2,809 3,266 3,188 3,465 -8.9 -7.3 

658 987 1,379 926 1,044 -33.4 -10.9 

12 2 3 12 9 399.5 7.6 

123 59 169 127 175 110.2 -8.4 

2 - 5 - * - 134.0 

876 694 571 613 586 26.3 10.6 

2,343 1,648 1,760 2,401 2,119 42.2 2.5 

1,607 1,614 1,619 1,830 1,752 -.5 -2.1 

550 1,087 821 887 377 -49.3 9.9 

5 19 41 52 25 -75.1 -34.5 

1,826 2,903 2,844 2,558 2,146 -37.1 -3.9 

234 198 196 200 316 18.4 -7.2 

1,592 2,706 2,647 2,358 1,830 -41.1 -3.4 

35 21 94 97 71 67.2 -16.1 

1,237 543 400 930 514 128.0 24.5 

1,203 1,827 1,676 1,484 883 -34.2 8.0 

1,389 1,714 2,154 1,844 1,095 -19.0 6.1 

72 47 79 27 26 52.7 29.1 

4,059 7,405 6,464 5,250 3,251 -45.2 5.7 

685 3,222 3,083 1,470 1,205 -78.8 -13.2 

3,374 4,183 3,382 3,779 2,047 -19.3 13.3 

998 2,794 2,918 3,185 3,001 -64.3 -24.1 

- - - - 509 - -

12,239 18,183 18,045 16,715 13,891 -32.7 -3.1 

3,182 4,570 3,791 4,467 4,354 -30.4 -7.5 

9,863 11,241 11,135 12,237 10,755 -12.3 -2.1 

14,137 22,155 21,367 20,154 17,680 -36.2 -5.4 

11,147 11,838 11,604 13,264 11,320 -5.8 -.4 

25,284 33,993 32,971 33,418 29,000 -25.6 -3.4 

For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

48 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Imports 

Coal from overseas is off-loaded by a traveling shiploader at the dock of Electro-Coal Transfer's Davat, Louisiana 

facilities. 

— J. " •sVl ,l*/ l*>.K W 
Figure 5. U.S. Coal Imports, 1984-1993 

8000 

7000-

6000 

c 

o 

5000-

1_ 

o 

0 0 4000 

T> 

c 

D 

V) 

O 

^: 

3000-

2000-

1000 

1984 ' 1985 ' 1986 ' 1987 ' 1988 ' 1989 ' 1990 ' 1991 ' 1992 ' 1993 

Source : U.S. Departmen t of Commerce , Burea u of the Census , "Monthl y Report IM 145. " 

50 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 34. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons) 

Continent and Country 

of Origin 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 1,053,576 1,020,852 

Canada 1,051,273 1,020,852 

Guatemala 4 

Mexico 2,299 

South America Total 5,415,318 

Argentina 

Colombia 4,117,036 

Venezuela 1,298,282 

Europe Total 

Czechoslovakia . 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Poland 

United Kingdom 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) .... 

Hong Kong 

India 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of. 

Malaysia 

Thailand 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Australia 

New Zealand 

Africa Total 

South Africa, Rep of. 

Swaziland 

62 

60 

708,080 

708,080 

105,452 

100.076 

5,376 

26,419 

20,319 

6,100 

1,020,852 935,477 979,220 1,061,668 266,306 3.2 -0.2 16.5 

1,020,852 935,477 973,016 1,004,371 266,306 3.0 1.1 16.5 

- - 6,204 57,297 - - -55.2 -

2,301,933 2,416,309 1,690,987 1,695,495 269,140 135.3 33.7 39.6 

- - - 265 - - -100.0 -

1,763,150 1,881,439 1,428,147 1,338,562 269,139 133.5 32.4 35.4 

538,783 534,870 262,840 356,668 - 141.0 38.1 -

89 6 

6 

5,392 11,539 109,391 -30.3 -72.9 -56.4 

_ 

6 

6 

130 _ _ _ _ _ 

- - - 10 - - -100.0 -

- - 1 331 - - -100.0 -

- - - - 11 - - -100.0 

- - - 11,198 17 - -100.0 -100.0 

- - 46 - - - - -

- - - - 109,321 - - -70.2 

89 - 5,215 - 42 -100.0 - -100.0 

373,145 6,894 2 47,786 17 89.8 96.2 226.0 

284 202 - 47,694 2 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

1 - - 41 - -100.0 -100.0 -

66,154 - - - - -100.0 - -

253,287 6,641 - - 7 179.5 - 259.8 

- 1 2 - 8 - - -100.0 

53,419 

100,986 

100,986 

5,762 

5,762 

50 

31,106 

31,106 

23,794 

23,794 

51 

34,645 

34,645 

-100.0 

28,240 4.4 

28,240 -.9 

612,447 358.5 

612,447 252.6 

-100.0 

32.1 

30.4 

15.8 

15.1 

-29.5 

-31.5 

Total 7,308,907 3,802,767 3,389,792 2,699,395 2,851,133 1,285,541 92.2 26.5 21.3 

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145.' 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 51 
Table 35. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons) 

Customs District 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Eastern Total 1,275,919 340,317 361,097 351,348 461,348 

Boston, MA 674,086 128,667 84,310 139,771 27,669 

Baltimore, MD 224,579 - 258,615 

Portland, ME 236,473 108,863 207,152 143,868 33 

Buffalo, NY - - 134 69 26,849 

New York City, NY 2 - - 1 41 

Ogdensburg, NY - - - 45 219 

Philadelphia, PA 140,779 102,787 69,501 67,594 147,922 

Southern Total 4,321,336 2,053,672 2,061,987 1,384,974 1,363,389 

Mobile, AL 935,232 - 34,004 

Savannah, GA ____ _ 

Tampa, FL 2,263,893 1,419,581 1,680,398 1,058,354 900,188 

New Orleans, LA 675,827 154,600 23,731 - 28,660 

Wilmington, NC 46 

San Juan, PR 107,506 169,707 211,313 234,989 328,849 

El Paso, TX -

Houston-Galveston, TX 121,505 83,466 11,023 5,215 15,910 

Laredo. TX 2,299 - - 6,204 55,778 

Virgin Islands 215,074 226,318 135,522 80,166 

Western Total 730,662 461,675 116,420 96,480 169,054 

Los Angeles, CA - - 877 2 

San Diego, CA - - - - 19 

San Francisco, CA - 284 - - 47,745 

Honolulu, HI 660,379 407,692 31,106 23,794 34,645 

Great Falls, MT 41,580 36,237 57,916 42,017 75,579 

Seattle, WA 28,703 17,462 26,521 30,667 11,066 

Northern Total 980,990 947,103 850,288 866,593 857,342 

Chicago, IL 134,485 230,677 208,021 316,534 476,060 

Detroit, Ml 203,067 58,937 275 

Duluth, MN 12,811 - 211 - 431 

Pembina, ND 630,627 657,400 641,781 550,059 364,237 

Cleveland, OH 89 16,614 

Total 7,308,907 3,802,767 3,389,792 2,699,395 2,851,133 

41,084 274.9 28.9 46.5 

40,040 423.9 122.2 36.8 

- - -3.5 -

280 117.2 NM 111.4 

708 --100.0 -100.0 

37 -

-53.0 -27.7 

- - -100.0 -

19 37.0 -1.2 169.1 

990,917 110.4 33.4 17.8 

612,447 

-

129.0 4.8 

8 

- -

-100.0 

163 59.5 25.9 188.6 

167,571 337.1 120.4 16.8 

210,726 -36.6 -24.4 -7.2 

2 

- -

-100.0 

-

45.6 66.2 -

- -

-54.9 

-

-

-5.0 - -

228,957 58.3 44.2 13.8 

178 

- _ 

-100.0 

- - -100.0 -

8,100 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

62,525 62.0 108.9 29.9 

67,507 14.7 -13.9 -5.2 

90,647 64.4 26.9 -12.0 

24,583 3.6 3.4 50.6 

-

-41.7 -27.1 

-

-

244.5 - -

583 -133.5 41.0 

24,000 -4.1 14.7 43.8 

-

-100.0 -100.0 -

1,285,541 92.2 26.5 21.3 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." 

52 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 36. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination 

State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons) 

Country of Origin 

and Destination State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Australia Total. 

Hawaii 

Virginia 

Canada Total 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Massachusetts .. 

New Hampshire 

Ohio 

Washington 

Colombia Total 

Alabama 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

Massachusetts .. 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

Texas 

Indonesia Total 

Florida 

Indiana 

Maine 

Mississippi 

New Hampshire 

Ohio 

Mexico Total 

Texas 

98,947 111,097 - - -

64,594 65,583 - - -

34,353 45,514 - - -

664,835 103,943 26,920 33,600 -

50,936 54,025 - - -

582,689 - - - -

- 32,800 - - -

- - - 33,600 -

2,000 1,828 - - -

29,210 15,290 26,920 - -

3,642,728 1,504,138 1,582,600 1,112,470 1,148,836 

57,602 - - - -

2,999,303 1,418,580 1,582,600 1,007,670 803,500 

- - - - 23.136 

224,000 - - - 247,000 

187,200 - - 104,800 62,800 

52,143 48,400 - - -

- - - - 12,400 

122,480 37,158 - - -

118,981 13,100 24,253 - -

11,100 

3,135 

67,547 

37,199 

33,520 

33,520 

13,100 

24,253 

-

-10.9 

-1.5 

-24.5 

40,000 N M 

-5.7 

40,000 -100.0 

- 9.4 

91.0 

17,720 142.2 

17,720 111.4 

-

7.7 

- 229.6 

_ NM 

-100.0 

Poland Total 

Florida 

109,262 

109,262 

South Africa Total. 

Florida 

616,400 

616,400 

Venezuela Total .... 

Alabama 

Florida 

Maine 

Massachusetts .. 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

Texas 

Total 

Alabama 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts .. 

Mississippi 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

Ohio 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

936,945 240,584 333,027 220,100 65,750 - 289.4 

30,278 - - - - - -

312,193 - 42,200 40,100 37,150 - -

9,123 - - - - - -

476,100 163,800 83,700 69,800 - - 190.6 

109,251 34,300 207,127 110,200 - - 218.5 

- - - - 28,600 - -

- 42,484 - - - - -100.0 

5,495,956 1,972,862 1,966,800 1,366,170 1,214,586 783,382 178.6 

87,880 - - - - - -

3,311,496 1,418,580 1,649,053 1,047,770 840,650 743,382 133.4 

- - - - 23,136 - -

64,594 65,583 - - - - -1.5 

50,936 54,025 - - - - -5.7 

593,789 - - - - - -

12,258 - - - - - -

224,000 - - - 247,000 - -

663,300 196,600 83,700 174,600 62,800 40,000 237.4 

67,547 - - - - - -

198,593 82,700 207,127 143,800 - - 140.1 

- - - - 41,000 - -

2,000 14,928 - - - - -86.6 

156,000 79,642 - - - - 95.9 

34,353 45,514 - - - - -24.5 

29,210 15,290 26,920 - - - 91.0 

N U

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Notes: Data for 1984 through 1991 are only for receipts at electric utilities. Data for 1992 and 1993 are for receipts at electric utilities, manufacturing 

plants and coke plants. See Table 37 and Table 38 for related data. See Technical Note 1 for the difference between receipts of imported coal and U.S. 

coal imports. 

Sources: • 1984-1991: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric 

Plants." • 1992-1993: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, "Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5A, "Annual Coal 

Quality Report - Coke Plants;" and FERC, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 53 
Table 37. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and 

Destination State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons) 

Country of Origin 

and Destination State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Canada Total 29,210 48,090 26,920 33,600 - 40,000 -39.3 

Massachusetts - 32,800 - 40,000 -100.0 

New Hampshire - 33,600 -

Washington 29,210 15,290 26,920 - - - 91.0 

Colombia Total 3,585,126 1,504,138 1,582,600 1,112,470 1,148,836 17,720 138.3 32.9 

Florida 2,999,303 1,418,580 1,582,600 1,007,670 803,500 17,720 111.4 39.0 

Georgia - 23,136 - - -100.0 

Maryland 224,000 - 247,000 - - -2.4 

Massachusetts 187,200 - - 104,800 62,800 - - 31.4 

New Hampshire 52,143 48,400 7.7 

New Jersey - 12,400 - - -100.0 

Texas 122,480 37,158 - 229.6 

Indonesia Total 115,846 13,100 24,253 NM 

Florida - - 24,253 -

Indiana 11,100 - - - - - -

Mississippi 67,547 _____ _ 

New Hampshire 37,199 _____ _ 

Ohio - 13,100 - -100.0 

Poland Total ____ _ 109,262 

Florida ____ _ 109,262 

South Africa Total ____ _ 616,400 

Florida - 616,400 

Venezuela Total 897,544 240,584 333,027 220,100 65,750 - 273.1 92.2 

Florida 312,193 - 42,200 40,100 37,150 - - 70.3 

Massachusetts 476,100 163,800 83,700 69,800 - - 190.6 

New Hampshire 109,251 34,300 207,127 110,200 - - 218.5 

New Jersey - 28,600 - - -100.0 

Texas - 42,484 - -100.0 

Total 4,627,726 1,805,912 1,966,800 1,366,170 1,214,586 783,382 156.3 39.7 

Florida 3,311,496 1,418,580 1,649,053 1,047,770 840,650 743,382 133.4 40.9 

Georgia - 23,136 - - -100.0 

Indiana 11,100 _____ _ 

Maryland 224,000 - 247,000 - - -2.4 

Massachusetts 663,300 196,600 83,700 174,600 62,800 40,000 237.4 80.3 

Mississippi 67,547 _____ _ 

New Hampshire 198,593 82,700 207,127 143,800 - - 140.1 

New Jersey - 41,000 - - -100.0 

Ohio - 13,100 - -100.0 

Texas 122,480 79,642 - 53.8 

Washington 29,210 15,290 26,920 - 91.0 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.' 

-3.4 

-100.0 

80.4 

76.8 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

21.8 

18.0 

36.6 

54 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 38. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of 

Origin and Destination State, 1992-1993 

(Short Tons) 

Manufacturing Coke Plants Total 

Country of Origin 

and Destination State 1993 1992 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

1993 1992 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

1993 1992 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Australia Total 

Hawaii 

Virginia 

Canada Total. 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Colombia Total 

Alabama 

Indonesia Total. 

Maine 

Mexico Total. 

Texas 

Venezuela Total. 

Alabama 

Maine 

Total 

Alabama. 

Hawaii .... 

Illinois 

Indiana ... 

Maine 

Ohio 

Texas 

Virginia ... 

98,947 111,097 

64,594 65,583 

34,353 45,514 

2,000 

2,000 

57,602 

57,602 

3,135 

3,135 

33,520 

33,520 

39,401 

30,278 

9,123 

234,605 

87,880 

64,594 

12,258 

2,000 

33,520 

34,353 

1,828 

1,828 

112,925 

65,583 

1,828 

45,514 

-10.9 - - - 98,947 111,097 -10.9 

-1.5 - - - 64,594 65,583 -1.5 

-24.5 - - - 34,353 45,514 -24.5 

9.4 633,625 54,025 NM 635,625 55,853 NM 

-

50,936 54,025 -5.7 50,936 54,025 -5.7 

-

582,689 - - 582,689 - -

9.4 - - - 2,000 1,828 9.4 

- _ - - 57,602 - _ 

- - - - 57,602 - -

_ _ _ _ 3,135 - _ 

- - - - 3,135 - -

_ - - - 33,520 - _ 

- - - - 33,520 - -

- _ - - 39,401 - _ 

- - - - 30,278 - -

- - - - 9,123 - -

107.8 633,625 54,025 NM 868,230 166,950 420.1 

- - - - 87,880 - -

-1.5 - - - 64,594 65,583 -1.5 

-

50,936 54,025 -5.7 50,936 54,025 -5.7 

-

582,689 - - 582,689 - -

- - - - 12,258 - -

9.4 - - - 2,000 1,828 9.4 

- - - - 33,520 - -

-24.5 - - - 34,353 45,514 -24.5 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, "Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants;' 

Quality Report - Coke Plants." 

and Form EIA-5A, "Annual Coal 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 55 

Employment and Productivity 

Employment 

In 1993, the average number of miners working daily 

at mines and/or preparation plants producing or processing 10 thousand or more short tons of coal, dropped 

8 percent from the 1992 level (Table 39), to 101 thousand miners. Employment declined in all States except 

Alabama, Colorado, Louisiana, Maryland, New Mexico, and North Dakota. All three coal-producing regions experienced a decline in employment, the largest 

occurring in Appalachia which had a 9 percent decline, 

and in the Interior Region which had an 8 percent 

drop. In both of these regions, 1993 employment was 

affected by the coal strike. 

The average number of miners at underground mines 

in 1993 totaled 65 thousand miners and represented 64 

percent of all U.S. miners (Table 40). Employment at 

underground mines declined 9 percent from the 1992 

total. Most of the decline occurred in Appalachia 

which experienced a 10-percent drop in employment. 

In 1993, the average number of miners at surface mines 

dropped by 7 percent from the 1992 level to 37 thousand miners (Table 41). Less employment in the Appalachian and the Interior Regions accounted for most 

of the decline in surface miners. 

Forty (40) percent of the miners worked in the 196 

mines that produced 1 million short tons or more in 

1993, and those miners accounted for 67 percent of 

total production (Table 42). In 1993, 46 thousand miners, or 45 percent of the U.S. total belonged to a union. 

Ninety one (91) percent of the union workers were 

affiliated with the United Mine Workers of America 

(UMWA) (Table 45). 

U.S. coal mine nonfatal, disabling injuries in 1993 totaled 10,364, a 3-percent drop from the 1992 level. Of 

those injuries, 47 were fatal, 13 percent less than in 

1992 (Table 46). Since 1989, fatal injuries have dropped 

at an average annual rate of 10 percent. 

Productivity 

In 1993, productivity at U.S. coal mines producing 10 

thousand or more short tons of coal increased 8 percent 

to 4.7 short tons per miner hour from 4.4 short tons 

per miner hour in 1992 (Table 48). Regionally, most 

of the increase occurred in States west of the Mississippi 

River. Over the last decade (1984-1993), productivity 

at U.S. coal mines has increased at an average annual 

rate of almost 7 percent, due to an average annual productivity gain of between 6 and 7 percent at both U.S. 

underground and surface mines (Tables 49 and 50). 

During the past 5 years, the average annual productivity gain at underground mines has slowed somewhat. 

Over the same period, the growth rate at surface mines 

has stayed at nearly 7 percent. In 1993 surface mining 

productivity rose 10 percent from 6.6 tons per hour to 

7.2 tons per hour. 

Tables 54 through 57 present new data on productivity 

by mining method, seam thickness, mine production 

range, and union type. Because the 1993 selective coal 

strike by the UMWA negatively affected some of the 

more productive unionized mines, UMWA productivity figures for 1993, as reported in Table 57, should 

not be considered as representing a level playing field 

comparison of union versus nonunion productivity. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 57 
Employment 

Roof supports shield a miner as he operates a longwall machine at an underground mine in Illinois. 
Figure 6. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1984-1993 

Z5U200 -

Total 

(/> 

T> 

C 150 -

o 

=5 Underground ^^^ ^ 

O 100 - ^ ^~^ 

-i_ -- _____ I— Surface "" —-^_^ 

5 0 - ~ -_ _ 

84 l

8 5 l8 6 l8 7 l8 8 l89'90'91 l9 2 l9 3 l 

250-, 

200 -

C 150 

D 

w 

3 

O 100 

50 

Tota 

Appalachia n 

Interior Western 

84'85'86'87'88'89'90'91'92'93 ' 

Figure 7. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1984-1993 

3 

O 

CD 

Q . 

CD 

C 

CD 3 -

Q . 

CO 

c : 

.o 

o 

CO 

1 4-

I 12-

Surface 

Total , - --- " 

Underground 

84'85'86'87'88'89'90'91'92'93 1 

<D 

C 

CD 

Q. 

CO 

c 

o 

o 

GO 

1 0 -

8 

6-

4H 

2 

0 

Western 

Total 

Interior 

V 

Appalachian 

84'85'86'87'88'89'90'91'92'93 ' 

Note: Scale has bee n enlarge d to show detai l in the short ton s pe r mine r pe r hou r by type of minin g plot. Becaus e 

vertica l scale s differ, graph s should not be compared . Excludes silt, culm , refus e bank , slurry dam , an d dredg e operation s 

except for Pennsylvani a anthracite . Excludes mine s producin g less tha n 10,00 0 short tons of coa l durin g the yea r 

a n d preparatio n plant s with less tha n 5,00 0 employe e hours . Include s all employee s engage d in production , preparation , 

processing , development , maintenance , repair, shop or yar d work at minin g operations . Excludes offic e workers . Include s 

minin g operation s managemen t an d all technica l an d engineerin g personnel . Short tons produce d pe r mine r pe r hou r is 

calculate d by dividin g total coa l productio n by the directlabo r hour s worke d by all min e employees . 

Sources : Energy Informatio n Administration , Form EIA-7A , "Coa l Production Report; " Stat e Mining Agency Coal 

Production Reports ; and/o r U.S. Departmen t of Labor, Mine Safety an d Healt h Administration , Form 7000-2 , 

"Quarterl y Mine Employmen t an d Coal Production Report. " 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 39. Average Number of Miners by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 5,399 

Alaska 96 

Arizona 876 

Arkansas 5 

California 

Colorado 1,775 

Georgia 

Illinois 7,303 

Indiana 3,331 

Iowa 90 

Kansas 81 

Kentucky Total 24,063 

Eastern 18,711 

Western 5,352 

Louisiana 99 

Maryland 441 

Missouri 180 

Montana 660 

New Mexico 1,762 

North Dakota 782 

Ohio 3,866 

Oklahoma 273 

Pennsylvania Total 10,940 

Anthracite 1,124 

Bituminous 9,816 

Tennessee 646 

Texas 1,841 

Utah 1,769 

Virginia 8,339 

Washington 567 

West Virginia Total 22,979 

Northern 7,274 

Southern 15,705 

Wyoming 3,159 

Appalachian Total 1 71,321 

Interior Total' 18,555 

Western Total' 11,446 

East of Miss. River 87,307 

West of Miss. River 14,015 

U.S. Total 101,322 

5,386 6,314 6,534 6,505 8,581 0.2 -4.5 -5.0 

111 99 84 87 78 -13.5 2.5 2.3 

888 900 951 780 909 -1.3 2.9 -.4 

14 14 13 8 23 -64.3 -11.1 -15.6 

8 8 5 5 - -100.0 - -

1,610 2,037 2,009 2,019 2,835 

33 

13,339 

10.2 -3.2 -5.1 

8,323 9,102 10,018 10,003 

2,835 

33 

13,339 -12.3 -7.6 -6.5 

3,652 3,919 4,195 3,684 5,477 -8.8 -2.5 -5.4 

101 97 135 149 127 -10.9 -11.8 -3.8 

96 92 132 165 283 -15.6 -16.3 -13.0 

24,624 26,642 30,498 30,656 37,876 -2.3 -5.9 -4.9 

19,419 21,129 24,912 24,620 29,801 -3.6 -6.6 -5.0 

5,205 5,513 5,586 6,036 8,075 2.8 -3.0 -4.5 

77 103 103 69 - 28.6 9.4 -

438 524 589 554 844 .7 -5.5 -6.9 

323 312 347 428 1,272 -44.3 -19.5 -19.5 

715 794 821 682 1,112 -7.7 -.8 -5.6 

1,683 1,650 1,472 1,470 1,760 4.7 4.6 • 

744 814 931 850 1,186 5.1 -2.1 -4.5 

4,515 5,293 5,866 7,374 9,803 -14.4 -14.9 -9.8 

334 410 415 414 1,301 -18.3 -9.9 -15.9 

12,659 13,506 15,903 15,469 24,797 -13.6 -8.3 -8.7 

1,217 1,161 1,687 1,394 2,102 -7.6 -5.2 -6.7 

11,442 12,345 14,216 14,075 22,695 -14.2 -8.6 -8.9 

804 1,242 1,697 1,857 2,586 -19.6 -23.2 -14.3 

2,001 2,149 2,131 2,109 2,274 -8.0 -3.3 -2.3 

1,997 2,277 2,434 2,169 2,525 -11.4 -5.0 -3.9 

9,138 10,055 10,342 10,371 14,091 -8.7 -5.3 -5.7 

612 638 777 787 624 -7.3 -7.9 -1.0 

26,017 28,310 29,578 29,482 39,636 -11.7 -6.0 -5.9 

8,481 9,468 10,053 10,280 12,994 -14.2 -8.3 -6.2 

17,536 18,842 19,525 19,202 26,642 -10.4 -4.9 -5.7 

3,326 3,301 3,330 3,351 4,476 -5.0 -1.5 -3.8 

78,376 86,373 95,421 96,232 130,172 -9.0 -7.2 -6.5 

20,126 21,711 23,075 23,065 32,171 -7.8 -5.3 -5.9 

11,694 12,518 12,814 12,200 15,505 -2.1 -1.6 -3.3 

95,556 104,907 115,220 115,955 157,063 -8.6 -6.8 -6.3 

14,640 15,695 16,090 15,542 20,785 -4.3 -2.5 -4.3 

10,196 120,602 131,310 131,497 177,848 -8.0 -6.3 -6.1 

' For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

60 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 40. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1984, 

1989-1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

3,707 3,810 4,473 4,395 4,371 5,828 -2.7 -4.0 -4.9 

1,119 1,085 1,530 1,509 1,490 1,802 3.1 -6.9 -5.1 

6,196 6,780 7,056 7,407 8,084 9,794 -8.6 -6.4 -5.0 

545 422 447 524 521 374 29.1 1.1 4.3 

- - - - 15 36 - - -

16,493 16,888 18,481 20,898 20,752 22,527 -2.3 -5.6 -3.4 

13,028 13,405 14,878 17,407 16,586 18,474 -2.8 -5.8 -3.8 

3,465 3,483 3,603 3,491 4,166 4,053 -.5 -4.5 -1.7 

260 

7 

246 

260 228 309 288 282 466 14.0 -2.0 -6.3 

7 

246 141 63 10 49 240 74.5 49.7 .3 

1,601 1,926 2,359 2,603 2,953 4,702 -16.9 -14.2 -11.3 

40 24 31 36 36 -

66.7 2.7 -

6,853 8,113 8,751 9,937 9,578 15,826 -15.5 -8.0 -8.9 

194 147 123 174 193 298 32.0 .1 -4.6 

6,659 7,966 8,628 9,763 9,385 15,528 -16.4 -8.2 -9.0 

375 599 988 1,319 1,471 1,908 -37.4 -28.9 -16.5 

1,769 1,997 2,277 2,434 2,169 2,525 -11.4 -5.0 -3.9 

7,092 7,888 8,515 8,955 8,889 12,250 -10.1 -5.5 -5.9 

18,040 20,738 22,512 23,584 23,048 33,675 -13.0 -5.9 -6.7 

6,414 7,513 8,509 8,784 8,656 10,850 -14.6 -7.2 -5.7 

11,626 13,225 14,003 14,800 14,392 22,825 -12.1 -5.2 -7.2 

261 268 258 255 280 270 -2.6 -1.7 -.4 

50,956 56,707 62,785 68,488 67,178 93,129 -10.1 -6.7 -6.5 

10,246 10,709 11,137 11,458 12,822 14,257 -4.3 -5.4 -3.6 

3,402 3,491 4,128 4,208 3,988 4,837 -2.5 -3.9 -3.8 

61,162 67,392 73,891 79,910 79,949 107,350 -9.2 -6.5 -6.0 

3,442 3,515 4,159 4,244 4,039 4,873 -2.1 -3.9 -3.8 

64,604 70,907 78,050 84,154 83,988 112,223 -8.9 -6.3 -5.9 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 61 
Table 41. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

1,692 1,576 1,841 2,139 2,134 2,753 7.4 -5.6 -5.3 

96 111 99 84 87 78 -13.5 2.5 2.3 

876 888 900 951 780 909 -1.3 2.9 -.4 

5 14 14 13 8 23 -64.3 -11.1 -15.6 

- 8 8 5 5 - -100.0 - -

656 525 507 500 529 1,033 

33 

3,545 

24.9 5.5 -4.9 

1,107 1,543 2,046 2,611 1,919 

1,033 

33 

3,545 -28.3 -12.8 -12.1 

2,786 3,230 3,472 3,671 3,163 5,103 -13.7 -3.1 -6.5 

90 101 97 135 134 91 -10.9 -9.5 -.1 

81 96 92 132 165 283 -15.6 -16.3 -13.0 

7,570 7,736 8,161 9,600 9,904 15,349 -2.1 -6.5 -7.5 

5,683 6,014 6,251 7,505 8,034 11,327 -5.5 -8.3 -7.4 

1,887 1,722 1,910 2,095 1,870 4,022 9.6 .2 -8.1 

99 77 103 103 69 - 28.6 9.4 -

181 210 215 301 272 378 -13.8 -9.7 -7.8 

180 323 312 347 428 1,272 -44.3 -19.5 -19.5 

653 715 794 821 682 1,112 -8.7 -1.1 -5.7 

1,516 1,542 1,587 1,462 1,421 1,520 -1.7 1.6 * 

782 744 814 931 850 1,186 5.1 -2.1 -4.5 

2,265 2,589 2,934 3,263 4,421 5,101 -12.5 -15.4 -8.6 

233 310 379 379 378 1,301 -24.8 -11.4 -17.4 

4,087 4,546 4,755 5,966 5,891 8,971 -10.1 -8.7 -8.4 

930 1,070 1,038 1,513 1,201 1,804 -13.1 -6.2 -7.1 

3,157 3,476 3,717 4,453 4,690 7,167 -9.2 -9.4 -8.7 

271 205 254 378 386 678 32.2 -8.5 -9.7 

1,841 2,001 2,149 2,131 2,109 2,274 -8.0 -3.3 -2.3 

1,247 1,250 1,540 1,387 1,482 1,841 -.2 -4.2 -4.2 

567 612 638 777 787 624 -7.3 -7.9 -1.0 

4,939 5,279 5,798 5,994 6,434 5,961 -6.4 -6.4 -2.1 

860 968 959 1,269 1,624 2,144 -11.1 -14.7 -9.6 

4,079 4,311 4,839 4,725 4,810 3,817 -5.4 -4.0 .7 

2,898 3,058 3,043 3,075 3,071 4,206 -5.2 -1.4 -4.0 

20,365 21,669 23,588 26,933 29,054 37,043 -6.0 -8.5 -6.4 

8,309 9,417 10,574 11,617 10,243 17,914 -11.8 -5.1 -8.2 

8,044 8,203 8,390 8,606 8,212 10,668 -1.9 -.5 -3.1 

26,145 28,164 31,016 35,310 36,006 49,713 -7.2 -7.7 -6.9 

10,573 11,125 11,536 11,846 11,503 15,912 -5.0 -2.1 -4.4 

36,718 39,289 42,552 47,156 47,509 65,625 -6.5 -6.2 -6.2 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

62 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 42. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1,000 

and over 

500 

to 1,000 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

200 

to 500 

100 

to 200 

50 

to 100 

10 

to 50 Zero1 

Total 

Alabama 3,594 

Alaska 96 

Arizona 843 

Arkansas 

Colorado 1,194 

Illinois 4,710 

Indiana 1,895 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 5,544 

Eastern 3,042 

Western 2,502 

Louisiana 75 

Maryland 219 

Missouri 

Montana 641 

New Mexico 1,327 

North Dakota 704 

Ohio 1,624 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total 3,052 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 3,052 

Tennessee 

Texas 1,772 

Utah 1,311 

Virginia 657 

Washington 531 

West Virginia Total 8,281 

Northern 4,666 

Southern 3,615 

Wyoming 2,951 

Appalachian Total 2 20,469 

Interior Total 2 10,954 

Western Total 2 9,598 

East of Miss. River 29,576 

West of Miss. River 11,445 

U.S. Total 41,021 

597 

295 

1,652 

571 

3,513 

2,648 

865 

402 

78 

686 

1,523 

10 

1,513 

114 

216 

1,913 

3,264 

291 

2,973 

75 

10,745 

3,088 

1,066 

13,833 

1,066 

14,899 

238 

137 

549 

518 

69 

5,143 

4,085 

1,058 

24 

60 

12 

557 

87 

2,418 

229 

2,189 

109 

57 

161 

1,848 

36 

3,842 

684 

3,158 

97 

13,157 

2,362 

443 

15,282 

680 

15,962 

331 

79 

81 

126 

90 

2,883 

2,664 

219 

14 

170 

275 

73 

803 

108 

695 

193 

31 

1,174 

2,183 

422 

1,761 

2 

7,637 

759 

112 

8,063 

445 

8,508 

226 

137 

2,185 

2,014 

171 

56 

6 

241 

89 

917 

65 

852 

47 

966 

1,349 

283 

1,066 

21 

5,816 

403 

21 

6,124 

116 

6,240 

317 

5 

8 

20 

39 

12 

2,406 

2,248 

158 

59 

4 

7 

281 

24 

1,159 

261 

898 

104 

12 

6 

654 

1,512 

410 

1,102 

13 

6,334 

274 

34 

6,551 

91 

6,642 

96 5,399 

- 96 

33 876 

- 5 

62 1,775 

291 7,303 

45 3,331 

- 90 

- 81 

2,389 24,063 

2,010 18,711 

379 5.352 

- 99 

33 441 

- 180 

- 660 

33 1,762 

- 782 

202 3,866 

- 273 

1,068 10,940 

451 1,124 

617 9,816 

79 646 

- 1,841 

44 1,769 

1,127 8,339 

- 567 

2,548 22,979 

518 7,274 

2,030 15,705 

- 3,159 

7,163 71,321 

715 18,555 

172 11,446 

7,878 87,307 

172 14,015 

8,050 101,322 

1

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 63 
Table 43. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine 

Production Range, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

1,000 

and over 

500 

to 1,000 

200 

to 500 

100 

to 200 

50 

to 100 

10 

to 50 Zero1 

Total 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 2.. 

Interior Total 2 

Western Total 2 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River 

U.S. Total 

3,450 

618 

4,185 

246 

3,884 

1,880 

2,004 

219 

1,224 

2,892 

2,892 

1.311 

657 

6,620 

4,523 

2,097 

164 

16,942 

6,435 

2,093 

23,377 

2,093 

25,470 

171 

256 

1,515 

84 

1,911 

1,449 

462 

222 

222 

966 

966 

114 

216 

1,775 

2,171 

189 

1,982 

6,868 

2,061 

694 

8,929 

694 

9,623 

42 

137 

282 

105 

3,461 

2,818 

643 

66 

1,742 

1,742 

48 

161 

1,312 

3,258 

658 

2,600 

97 

9,286 

1,030 

395 

10,316 

395 

10,711 

46 

42 

2,108 

2,084 

24 

215 

21 

194 

81 

31 

964 

1,875 

247 

1,628 

5,219 

66 

77 

5,285 

77 

5,362 

66 

1,670 

1,670 

50 

40 

297 

297 

34 

843 

1,154 

196 

958 

4,048 

106 

4,114 

40 

4,154 

1,883 

1,782 

101 

8 

7 

287 

66 

221 

51 

6 

569 

1,151 

236 

915 

3,848 

101 

21 

3,949 

21 

3,970 

44 

54 

214 

2 

1,576 

1,345 

231 

33 

24 

39 

454 

107 

347 

47 

44 

972 

1,811 

365 

1,446 

4,745 

447 

122 

5,192 

122 

5,314 

3,707 

1,119 

6,196 

545 

16,493 

13,028 

3,465 

260 

7 

246 

1,601 

40 

6,853 

194 

6,659 

375 

1,769 

7,092 

18,040 

6,414 

11,626 

261 

50,956 

10,246 

3,402 

61,162 

3,442 

64,604 

1

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

64 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 44. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine 

Production Range, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1,000 

and over 

500 

to 1,000 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

200 

to 500 

100 

to 200 

50 

to 100 

10 

to 50 Zero1 

Total 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 2.. 

Interior Total 2 

Western Total 2 

East of Miss. River... 

West of Miss. River 

U.S. Total 

144 

96 

843 

576 

525 

1,649 

1,660 

1,162 

498 

75 

641 

1,327 

704 

400 

160 

160 

1,772 

531 

1,661 

143 

1,518 

2,787 

3,527 

4,519 

7,505 

6,199 

9,352 

15,551 

426 

39 

137 

487 

1,602 

1,199 

403 

180 

78 

464 

557 

10 

547 

138 

1,093 

102 

991 

75 

3,877 

1,027 

372 

4,904 

372 

5,276 

196 

267 

413 

69 

1,682 

1,267 

415 

24 

60 

12 

491 

87 

676 

229 

447 

61 

57 

536 

36 

584 

26 

558 

3,871 

1,332 

48 

4,966 

285 

5,251 

331 

33 

81 

84 

90 

775 

580 

195 

14 

170 

275 

73 

588 

87 

501 

112 

210 

308 

175 

133 

2 

2,418 

693 

35 

2,778 

368 

3,146 

226 

71 

515 

344 

171 

56 

6 

191 

49 

620 

65 

555 

13 

123 

195 

87 

108 

21 

1,768 

297 

21 

2,010 

76 

2,086 

317 

20 

39 

12 

523 

466 

57 

51 

4 

281 

24 

872 

195 

677 

53 

12 

85 

361 

174 

187 

13 

2,486 

173 

13 

2,602 

70 

2,672 

52 

33 

8 

77 

43 

813 

665 

148 

163 

614 

344 

270 

32 

155 

737 

153 

584 

2,418 

268 

50 

2,686 

50 

2,736 

1,692 

96 

876 

5 

656 

1,107 

2,786 

90 

81 

7,570 

5,683 

1,887 

99 

181 

180 

653 

1,516 

782 

2,265 

233 

4,087 

930 

3,157 

271 

1,841 

1,247 

567 

4,939 

860 

4.079 

2,898 

20,365 

8,309 

8,044 

26,145 

10,573 

36,718 

1

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 65 
Table 45. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total 

Alabama 4,412 

Underground 3,656 

Surface 756 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 843 

Surface 843 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 628 

Underground 489 

Surface 139 

Illinois 5,694 

Underground 4,792 

Surface 902 

Indiana 1,791 

Underground 330 

Surface 1,461 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas 69 

Surface 69 

Kentucky Total 2,294 

Underground 2,068 

Surface 226 

Eastern 989 

Underground 948 

Surface 41 

Western 1,305 

Underground 1,120 

Surface 185 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 120 

Surface 120 

Montana 303 

Underground 

Surface 303 

New Mexico 870 

Underground 246 

Surface 624 

North Dakota 242 

Surface 242 

Ohio 1,885 

Underground 1,390 

Surface 495 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 5,278 

Underground 4,665 

Surface 613 

Anthracite 503 

Underground 2 

Surface 501 

Bituminous 4,775 

Underground 4,663 

Surface 112 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

Utah 750 

Underground 750 

Virginia 3,027 

Underground 2,883 

Surface 144 

96 

96 

174 

174 

552 

450 

102 

96 

96 

188 

120 

68 

188 

120 

68 

284 

284 

742 

742 

114 

114 

27 

27 

54 

54 

23 

4 

19 

9 

4 

5 

14 

14 

1,089 

1,089 

78 

78 

4,412 987 5,399 

3,656 51 3,707 

756 936 1,692 

96 - 96 

96 - 96 

843 33 876 

843 33 876 

- 5 5 

- 5 5 

802 973 1,775 

489 630 1,119 

313 343 656 

6,246 1,057 7,303 

5,242 954 6,196 

1,004 103 1,107 

1,887 1,444 3,331 

330 215 545 

1,557 1,229 2,786 

- 90 90 

- 90 90 

69 12 81 

69 12 81 

2,482 21,581 24,063 

2,188 14,305 16,493 

294 7,276 7,570 

1,177 17,534 18,711 

1,068 11,960 13,028 

109 5,574 5,683 

1,305 4,047 5,352 

1,120 2,345 3,465 

185 1,702 1,887 

- 99 99 

- 99 99 

- 441 441 

- 260 260 

- 181 181 

120 60 180 

120 60 180 

587 73 660 

- 7 7 

587 66 653 

1,612 150 1,762 

246 - 246 

1,366 150 1,516 

356 426 782 

356 426 782 

1,912 1,954 3,866 

1,390 211 1,601 

522 1,743 2,265 

54 219 273 

- 40 40 

54 179 233 

5,301 5,639 10,940 

4,669 2,184 6,853 

632 3,455 4,087 

512 612 1,124 

6 188 194 

506 424 930 

4,789 5,027 9,816 

4,663 1,996 6,659 

126 3.031 3,157 

- 646 646 

- 375 375 

- 271 271 

1,089 752 1,841 

1,089 752 1,841 

828 941 1,769 

828 941 1,769 

3,027 5,312 8,339 

2,883 4,209 7,092 

144 1,103 1,247 

See footnotes at end of table. 

66 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 45. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1993 

(Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total 13,076 

Underground 11,125 

Surface 1,951 

Northern 4,641 

Underground 4,640 

Surface 1 

Southern 8,435 

Underground 6,485 

Surface 1,950 

Wyoming 414 

Underground 

Surface 414 

Appalachian Total 1 28,667 

Underground 24,667 

Surface 4,000 

Interior Total' 8,979 

Underground 6,242 

Surface 2,737 

Western Total 1 4,050 

Underground 1,485 

Surface 2,565 

East of Miss. River 37,457 

Underground 30,909 

Surface 6,548 

West of Miss. River 4,239 

Underground 1,485 

Surface 2,754 

U.S. Total 41,696 

Underground 32,394 

Surface 9,302 

531 531 36 567 

531 531 36 567 

37 13,113 9,866 22,979 

16 11,141 6,899 18,040 

21 1,972 2,967 4,939 

- 4,641 2,633 7,274 

- 4,640 1,774 6,414 

- 1 859 860 

37 8,472 7,233 15,705 

16 6,501 5,125 11,626 

21 1,971 2.108 4,079 

156 570 2,589 3,159 

- - 261 261 

156 570 2,328 2,898 

275 28,942 42,379 71,321 

140 24,807 26,149 50,956 

135 4,135 16,230 20,365 

1,791 10,770 7,785 18,555 

450 6,692 3,554 10,246 

1,341 4,078 4,231 8,309 

2,175 6,225 5,221 11,446 

78 1,563 1,839 3,402 

2,097 4,662 3,382 8,044 

923 38,380 48,927 87,307 

590 31,499 29,663 61,162 

333 6,881 19,264 26,145 

3,318 7,557 6,458 14,015 

78 1,563 1,879 3,442 

3,240 5,994 4,579 10,573 

4,241 45,937 55,385 101,322 

668 33,062 31,542 64,604 

3,573 12,875 23,843 36,718 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to 

provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 67 
Figure 8. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1984-1993 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Figure 9. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1984-1993 

140 

120 

100 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, 

various issues. 

68 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 46. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1984, 1989-1993 

Injury Type 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

Injury Type 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 1989-1993 1984-1993 

Injuries Total 1 10,364 

47 

10,317 

6.53 

.04 

6.49 

10,109 

54 

10,055 

7.32 

.04 

7.28 

11,386 

61 

11,325 

7.90 

.04 

7.86 

12,312 

66 

12,246 

7.92 

.04 

7.88 

12,068 

68 

12,000 

7.99 

.05 

7.94 

10,386 

125 

10,261 

5.52 

.07 

5.45 

2.5 

-13.0 

2.6 

-10.8 

.0 

-10.9 

-3.7 

-8.8 

-3.7 

-4.9 

-5.4 

-4.9 

0.0 

Fatal 

Nonfatal2 

Injuries per 200,000 

Employee-Hours Total 

Fatal 

Nonfatal2 

10,364 

47 

10,317 

6.53 

.04 

6.49 

10,109 

54 

10,055 

7.32 

.04 

7.28 

11,386 

61 

11,325 

7.90 

.04 

7.86 

12,312 

66 

12,246 

7.92 

.04 

7.88 

12,068 

68 

12,000 

7.99 

.05 

7.94 

10,386 

125 

10,261 

5.52 

.07 

5.45 

2.5 

-13.0 

2.6 

-10.8 

.0 

-10.9 

-3.7 

-8.8 

-3.7 

-4.9 

-5.4 

-4.9 

-10.3 

.1 

1.9 

-6.0 

2.0 

1

 Includes contractors and office workers. 

2

 Includes only non-fatal injuries that resulted in absence from work. 

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues. 

Table 47. Profile of U.S. Coal Miners, 1986, 1992 

1992 1986 

Age (mean, years) 

Gender (percent) 

Female 

Male 

Education (percent) 

High School or above 

Experience (median, years) 

Years of experience in mining industry . 

Earnings (dollars) 

Average hourly earnings 

Average weekly earnings 

45 

4 

96 

NA 

18 

17.20 

754.60 

39 

2 

98 

78 

11 

15.39 

625.24 

MA Not available. 

Note: Data are for production workers. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 9192, "Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce" (1988); U.S. 

Department of Labor, "Employment, Hours and Earnings," 1981-93, August 1993; and Bituminous Coal Operator's Association, Washington, D.C. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 69 
Productivity 

Continuous mining machines such as this one contribute to increased productivity of underground coal mining. 

This method accounted for 56 percent of U.S. underground coal mining in 1993. 
Table 48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

2.35 2.49 2.17 2.23 2.25 1.63 -5.4 1.1 4.1 

7.40 6.93 6.82 8.46 7.73 4.44 6.7 -1.1 5.8 

6.21 6.29 6.64 5.93 6.25 6.38 -1.3 -.1 -.3 

1.39 1.68 2.27 1.46 1.75 2.05 -17.4 -5.6 -4.3 

-

11.12 11.31 17.69 8.21 --100.0 - -

5.85 5.27 5.05 4.24 4.08 3.24 10.9 9.4 6.8 

- - - - - 1.87 - - -

3.23 3.42 3.18 2.94 2.77 2.22 -5.5 3.9 4.2 

4.46 4.09 4.02 3.84 3.86 2.93 8.9 3.6 4.8 

.72 1.14 1.29 1.45 1.51 1.69 -36.9 -17.0 -9.1 

2.30 2.21 2.15 2.03 2.66 2.64 4.2 -3.6 -1.5 

3.25 3.20 3.01 2.83 2.78 2.24 1.5 3.9 4.2 

3.18 3.10 2.90 2.66 2.58 2.13 2.4 5.3 4.6 

3.49 3.49 3.37 3.46 3.62 2.61 -.2 -1.0 3.3 

12.14 12.43 12.56 13.16 15.04 -

-2.3 -5.2 -

3.41 2.91 3.11 2.93 3.00 2.34 17.2 3.3 4.3 

1.84 3.10 2.69 2.99 3.43 2.56 -40.6 -14.4 -3.6 

19.49 20.16 18.99 18.78 18.94 14.27 -3.3 .7 3.5 

6.68 6.68 6.25 7.64 7.93 5.92 -.1 -4.2 1.3 

17.66 18.12 17.64 16.12 15.69 10.10 -2.5 3.0 6.4 

3.46 3.04 2.67 2.80 2.33 2.01 14.0 10.4 6.2 

2.80 2.17 2.30 2.08 2.15 1.80 28.9 6.9 5.0 

2.80 2.67 2.43 2.24 2.28 1.67 4.7 5.2 5.9 

1.85 1.33 1.39 1.03 1.12 1.02 38.9 13.3 6.8 

2.91 2.81 2.52 2.37 2.39 1.72 3.5 5.0 6.0 

2.47 2.19 1.88 1.81 1.72 1.54 12.9 9.5 5.4 

8.42 7.34 7.17 7.48 7.31 5.86 14.6 3.6 4.1 

5.96 5.46 4.80 4.74 4.75 2.94 9.1 5.8 8.2 

2.41 2.37 2.23 2.24 2.21 1.61 1.6 2.2 4.6 

4.00 4.51 3.97 3.41 3.34 3.12 -11.4 4.6 2.8 

3.27 3.27 3.11 2.96 2.77 1.88 -.1 4.2 6.4 

2.98 3.17 2.84 2.69 2.65 2.25 -6.1 2.9 3.1 

3.39 3.32 3.26 3.12 2.85 1.67 2.0 4.4 8.2 

24.46 21.50 21.87 21.41 20.28 13.77 13.8 4.8 6.6 

3.00 2.95 2.74 2.60 2.49 1.86 2.0 4.8 5.5 

4.43 4.18 3.98 3.88 3.84 2.80 5.9 3.6 5.2 

13.53 12.73 12.42 11.82 11.63 8.30 6.3 3.8 5.6 

3.11 3.07 2.86 2.73 2.63 1.98 1.3 4.3 5.1 

12.14 11.03 10.79 10.41 10.21 7.07 10.0 4.4 6.2 

4.70 4.36 4.09 3.83 3.70 2.64 7.7 6.1 6.6 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 71 
Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

2.09 2.17 1.90 2.01 2.00 1.18 -3.8 1.0 6.5 

5.21 4.52 4.23 3.26 2.91 2.05 15.4 15.6 10.9 

3.11 3.21 2.88 2.70 2.41 1.91 -3.2 6.6 5.5 

2.49 2.80 2.97 2.90 2.47 1.90 -11.1 .2 3.0 

_ - - - 2.06 1.86 - - -

2.93 2.91 2.71 2.54 2.54 1.94 .9 3.6 4.7 

2.89 2.86 2.66 2.44 2.40 1.88 .8 4.7 4.9 

3.10 3.05 2.86 2.93 3.13 2.19 1.8 -.2 4.0 

4.34 3.50 3.73 3.17 3.09 2.27 23.9 8.8 75 

1.06 - - - - - - - -

1.63 .40 .71 4.27 1.03 1.43 307.8 12.3 1.5 

3.27 3.01 2.55 2.34 2.00 1.55 8.7 13.1 86 

1.03 1.04 .52 1.30 1.28 -

-1.1 -5.2 -

2.91 2.81 2.38 2.12 2.16 1.32 3.6 7.8 9.2 

.74 .84 .51 .73 .71 .68 -12.0 .7 8 

2.98 2.84 2.40 2.15 2.19 1.33 4.8 8.0 9.3 

2.34 1.81 1.72 1.68 1.58 1.52 29.1 10.3 49 

5.96 5.46 4.80 4.74 4.75 2.94 9.1 5.8 8 2 

2.19 2.20 2.12 2.14 2.15 1.49 -.2 .5 4.3 

2.92 2.99 2.83 2.70 2.59 1.79 -2.3 3.1 5.6 

2.84 3.12 2.80 2.62 2.61 2.22 -9.0 2.1 2.8 

2.96 2.92 2.84 2.76 2.57 1.55 1.5 3.6 7.4 

3.56 4.19 4.17 2.80 3.21 2.42 -14.9 2.7 4.4 

2.75 2.76 2.54 2.40 2.34 1.63 -.1 4.2 6.0 

3.06 3.14 2.87 2.78 2.63 1.99 -2.4 3.9 4.9 

5.23 4.88 4.56 4.04 3.93 2.50 7.2 7.4 8.5 

2.81 2.82 2.59 2.46 2.39 1.69 -.6 4.1 5.8 

5.18 4.85 4.53 4.01 3.92 2.49 6.7 7.2 8.4 

2.95 2.93 2.69 2.54 2.46 1.72 4.6 6.2 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

72 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

3.01 3.28 2.84 2.69 2.72 2.55 -8.2 2.5 1.8 

7.40 6.93 6.82 8.46 7.73 4.44 6.7 -1.1 5.8 

6.21 6.29 6.64 5.93 6.25 6.38 -1.3 -.1 -.3 

1.39 1.68 2.27 1.46 1.75 2.05 -17.4 -5.6 -4.3 

-

11.12 11.31 17.69 8.21 -

-100.0 - -

7.07 6.52 6.51 6.86 6.74 4.78 8.5 1.2 4.4 

- - - - - 1.87 - - -

3.86 4.47 4.30 3.64 3.96 2.96 -13.6 -.6 3.0 

4.82 4.28 4.17 3.96 4.04 3.04 12.8 4.5 5.3 

.72 1.14 1.29 1.45 1.48 1.62 -36.9 -16.5 -8.6 

2.30 2.21 2.15 2.03 2.66 2.64 4.2 -3.6 -1.5 

3.84 3.75 3.66 3.43 3.23 2.64 2.3 4.4 4.2 

3.74 3.57 3.43 3.13 2.92 2.49 4.9 6.4 4.6 

4.14 4.31 4.42 4.42 4.53 3.01 -3.9 -2.2 3.6 

12.14 12.43 12.56 13.16 15.04 --2.3 -5.2 -

2.07 2.13 2.23 2.66 2.90 2.43 -2.8 -8.1 -1.8 

1.84 3.10 2.69 2.99 3.43 2.56 -40.6 -14.4 -3.6 

19.59 20.16 18.99 18.78 18.94 14.27 -2.8 .8 3.6 

7.26 7.11 6.31 7.66 8.03 6.46 2.2 -2.5 1.3 

17.66 18.12 17.64 16.12 15.69 10.10 -2.5 3.0 6.4 

3.58 3.06 2.76 3.17 2.52 2.41 17.1 9.2 4.5 

3.12 2.26 2.42 2.17 2.18 1.80 38.1 9.4 6.3 

2.63 2.45 2.53 2.42 2.47 2.22 7.5 1.6 1.9 

2.09 1.39 1.51 1.06 1.19 1.08 49.6 15.1 7.5 

2.78 2.74 2.80 2.81 2.76 2.46 1.3 .2 1.3 

2.71 3.06 2.45 2.32 2.20 1.59 -11.3 5.4 6.1 

8.42 7.34 7.17 7.48 7.31 5.86 14.6 3.6 4.1 

3.55 3.50 2.95 2.89 2.59 2.41 1.4 8.3 4.4 

4.00 4.51 3.97 3.41 3.34 3.12 -11.4 4.6 2.8 

4.35 4.27 4.18 4.02 3.49 2.38 1.8 5.6 6.9 

3.70 3.52 3.16 3.30 2.88 2.44 5.1 6.4 4.7 

4.49 4.43 4.38 4.21 3.71 2.35 1.4 4.9 7.5 

26.03 22.76 23.11 22.84 21.38 14.48 14.4 5.0 6.7 

3.55 3.40 3.24 3.10 2.84 2.38 4.6 5.8 4.5 

5.71 5.21 5.08 4.86 4.97 3.37 9.5 3.6 6.0 

16.49 15.46 15.33 15.18 14.64 10.45 6.7 3.0 5.2 

3.74 3.61 3.49 3.32 3.13 2.56 3.5 4.5 4.3 

13.94 12.49 12.36 12.26 11.86 8.15 11.6 4.1 6.1 

7.23 6.59 6.38 5.94 5.61 4.03 9.7 6.5 6.7 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 73 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Number of 

Mining 

Operations1 

Average Number 

of Miners 

Working Daily2 

Average Production Average Production 

per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift 

(short tons)3 (short tons)4 

2.35 19.98 

2.09 17.18 

3.01 25.72 

7.40 66.61 

7.40 66.61 

6.21 61.75 

6.21 61.75 

1.39 13.87 

1.39 13.87 

5.85 49.52 

5.21 44.05 

7.07 60.16 

3.23 26.55 

3.11 25.56 

3.86 31.69 

4.46 42.37 

2.49 21.91 

4.82 46.27 

.72 7.18 

.72 7.18 

2.30 17.84 

2.30 17.84 

3.25 28.58 

2.93 25.10 

3.84 35.33 

3.18 28.12 

2.89 24.76 

3.74 35.01 

3.49 29.68 

3.10 25.76 

4.14 35.73 

12.14 103.22 

12.14 103.22 

3.41 29.80 

4.34 37.54 

2.07 18.10 

1.84 14.90 

1.84 14.90 

19.49 173.79 

1.06 9.44 

19.59 174.66 

6.68 51.60 

1.63 11.30 

7.26 57.79 

17.66 143.33 

17.66 143.33 

3.46 31.84 

3.27 30.33 

3.58 32.91 

2.80 25.84 

1.03 8.76 

3.12 28.96 

2.80 23.73 

2.91 23.87 

2.63 22.59 

1.85 14.87 

.74 5.85 

2.09 16.85 

2.91 25.05 

2.98 24.66 

2.78 24.29 

2.47 21.31 

2.34 19.96 

2.71 23.69 

8.42 87.62 

8.42 87.62 

5.96 51.58 

5.96 51.58 

2.41 20.71 

2.19 18.57 

3.55 31.80 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total. 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

Utah 

Underground 

Virginia 

Underground 

Surface 

81 

13 

68 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

22 

15 

7 

50 

33 

17 

58 

6 

52 

1 

1 

2 

2 

818 

507 

311 

727 

475 

252 

91 

32 

59 

2 

2 

18 

3 

15 

6 

6 

8 

1 

7 

9 

2 

7 

7 

7 

134 

18 

116 

13 

1 

12 

470 

128 

342 

113 

31 

82 

357 

97 

260 

41 

21 

20 

14 

14 

18 

18 

279 

201 

78 

5,399 

3,707 

1,692 

96 

96 

876 

876 

5 

5 

1,775 

1,119 

656 

7,303 

6,196 

1,107 

3,331 

545 

2,786 

90 

90 

81 

81 

24,063 

16,493 

7,570 

18,711 

13,028 

5,683 

5,352 

3,465 

1,887 

99 

99 

441 

260 

181 

180 

180 

660 

7 

653 

1,762 

246 

1,516 

782 

782 

3,866 

1,601 

2,265 

273 

40 

233 

10,940 

6,853 

4,087 

1,124 

194 

930 

9,816 

6,659 

3,157 

646 

375 

271 

1,841 

1,841 

1,769 

1,769 

8,339 

7,092 

1,247 

See footnotes at end of table. 

74 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1993 (Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Number of 

Mining 

Operations1 

Average Number 

of Miners 

Working Daily2 

Average Production 

per Miner per Hour 

(short tons)3 

Average Production 

per Miner per Shift 

(short tons)4 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total . 

Underground 

Surface 

Northern 

Underground 

Surface 

Southern 

Underground 

Surface 

Wyoming 

Underground 

Surface 

Appalachian Total 5.. 

Underground 

Surface 

Interior Total 5 

Underground 

Surface 

Western Total 5 

Underground 

Surface 

East of Miss. River.. 

Underground 

Surface 

West of Miss. River 

Underground 

Surface 

U.S. Total 

Underground 

Surface 

3 

3 

598 

400 

198 

155 

91 

64 

443 

309 

134 

28 

3 

25 

2,348 

1,259 

1,089 

238 

72 

166 

99 

39 

60 

2,547 

1,330 

1,217 

138 

40 

98 

2,685 

1,370 

1,315 

567 

567 

22,979 

18,040 

4,939 

7,274 

6,414 

860 

15,705 

11,626 

4,079 

3,159 

261 

2,898 

71,321 

50,956 

20,365 

18,555 

10,246 

8,309 

11,446 

3,402 

8,044 

87,307 

61,162 

26,145 

14,015 

3,442 

10,573 

101,322 

64,604 

36,718 

4.00 

4.00 

3.27 

2.92 

4.35 

2.98 

2.84 

3.70 

3.39 

2.96 

4.49 

24.46 

3.56 

26.03 

3.00 

2.75 

3.55 

4.43 

3.06 

5.71 

13.53 

5.23 

16.49 

3.11 

2.81 

3.74 

12.14 

5.18 

13.94 

4.70 

2.95 

7.23 

33.29 

33.29 

27.96 

24.67 

38.08 

25.10 

23.83 

31.43 

29.10 

25.03 

39.92 

230.96 

32.79 

246.51 

26.04 

23.35 

31.57 

39.12 

25.43 

51.80 

118.59 

44.66 

147.08 

26.97 

23.77 

33.23 

108.59 

44.19 

127.06 

40.82 

25.00 

64.41 

1

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal will be 

counted as two operations. 

2

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering employees. 

3

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

4

 Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per hour by the average length of a miner shift. 

5

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania Anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 75 
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine 

Type, 1984, 1989-1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Surface 

California 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Georgia 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa 

Underground 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

See footnotes at end of table. 

250 245 239 250 250 259 2.4 * -0.4 

249 236 231 245 232 237 5.4 1.8 .5 

253 258 254 259 275 279 -2.0 -2.1 -1.1 

250 224 265 272 265 250 11.6 -1.4 -

250 224 265 272 265 250 11.6 -1.4 -

211 225 230 202 212 222 -6.4 -.2 -.6 

211 225 230 202 212 222 -6.4 -.2 -.6 

240 228 161 246 300 186 5.5 -5.4 2.9 

240 228 161 246 300 186 5.5 -5.4 2.9 

_ 116 63 100 124 - -100.0 - -

_ 116 63 100 124 - -100.0 - -

243 278 275 269 266 280 -12.6 -2.2 -1.5 

282 268 260 257 247 251 5.1 3.3 1.3 

188 290 292 284 284 296 -35.0 -9.8 -4.9 

- - - - - 225 - - -

_ - - - - 225 - - -

220 253 252 252 248 260 -13.0 -2.9 -1.8 

222 258 259 260 254 250 -14.0 -3.3 -1.3 

212 233 235 234 235 276 -9.0 -2.5 -2.9 

254 250 245 265 272 285 1.5 -1.6 -1.3 

246 263 284 262 241 339 -6.7 .5 -3.5 

255 249 241 265 274 282 2.3 -1.8 -1.1 

260 259 250 259 246 280 .4 1.3 -.8 

- - - - 121 280 - - -

260 259 250 259 258 280 .4 .2 -.8 

259 242 277 307 233 245 6.7 2.7 .6 

259 242 277 307 233 245 6.7 2.7 .6 

255 259 248 245 246 236 -1.6 .9 .9 

247 254 249 244 242 223 -3.0 .5 1.1 

267 267 247 246 251 249 .2 1.6 .8 

253 250 241 235 242 228 1.1 1.1 1.2 

244 246 241 235 238 215 -1.1 .6 1.4 

266 255 242 234 247 241 4.2 1.8 1.1 

263 286 268 273 257 258 -8.1 .5 .2 

256 278 273 272 254 248 -7.7 .2 .3 

270 296 261 274 260 265 -8.5 .9 .2 

293 335 268 291 300 - -12.7 -.6 -

293 335 268 291 300 - -12.7 -.6 -

249 311 282 246 237 236 -19.9 1.3 .6 

249 339 291 252 237 242 -26.5 1.2 .3 

250 251 260 237 236 228 -.3 1.5 1.0 

181 345 344 332 303 254 -47.6 -12.1 -3.7 

181 345 344 332 303 254 -47.6 -12.1 -3.7 

341 344 319 321 316 281 -.8 1.9 2.2 

158 - - - - - - - -

341 344 319 321 316 281 -.7 1.9 2.2 

297 284 279 278 282 293 4.7 1.4 .1 

241 241 71 253 59 224 - 42.2 .8 

299 284 279 278 282 295 5.1 1.4 .1 

307 287 265 247 260 245 6.8 4.2 2.5 

307 287 265 247 260 245 6.8 4.2 2.5 

266 268 258 248 240 232 -.7 2.6 1.5 

266 268 260 256 231 235 -.6 3.6 1.4 

266 267 257 243 245 230 -.7 2.1 1.6 

294 282 289 253 255 267 4.1 3.6 1.0 

300 260 162 237 86 - 15.4 36.7 -

293 283 291 254 259 267 3.7 3.2 1.0 

246 249 243 241 243 237 -1.4 .3 .4 

238 245 240 237 236 227 -2.9 .2 .5 

258 257 250 247 253 247 .6 .5 .5 

247 246 256 211 244 248 .5 .3 * 

263 227 256 212 243 246 15.9 2.0 .8 

246 247 256 211 244 248 -.6 .2 -.1 

246 249 243 243 243 236 -1.5 .2 .4 

238 245 240 237 236 227 -3.0 .2 .5 

261 258 249 250 254 247 1.0 .7 .6 

223 243 236 222 235 231 -8.0 -1.2 -.3 

254 241 239 225 233 235 5.7 2.3 .9 

173 246 228 214 239 219 -29.6 -7.8 -2.6 

76 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine 

Type, 1984, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Texas 

Surface 

Utah 

Underground 

Virginia 

Underground 

Surface 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total . 

Underground 

Surface 

Northern 

Underground 

Surface 

Southern 

Underground 

Surface 

Wyoming 

Underground 

Surface 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Underground 

Surface 

Interior Total' 

Underground 

Surface 

Western Total' 

Underground 

Surface 

East of Miss. River.. 

Underground 

Surface 

West of Miss. River. 

Underground 

Surface 

U.S. Total 

Underground 

Surface 

350 348 341 344 344 346 0.5 0.4 0.1 

350 348 341 344 344 346 .5 .4 .1 

249 246 252 256 242 221 1.5 .7 1.4 

249 246 252 256 242 221 1.5 .7 1.4 

246 253 241 243 240 217 -2.8 .6 1.4 

245 256 243 245 240 214 -4.1 .5 1.5 

247 241 231 234 239 227 2.8 .9 .9 

252 231 230 254 186 355 9.0 7.8 -3.7 

252 231 230 254 186 355 9.0 7.8 -3.7 

227 246 241 240 231 220 -7.9 -.5 .3 

217 243 240 239 234 220 -10.7 -1.9 -.2 

248 255 244 245 224 221 -2.8 2.6 1.3 

194 235 240 252 240 229 -17.6 -5.3 -1.8 

175 235 241 253 242 231 -25.6 -7.8 -3.0 

271 236 238 244 232 217 14.8 4.0 2.5 

238 251 242 235 226 214 -5.1 1.4 1.2 

235 248 240 229 228 211 -4.9 .8 1.2 

243 258 245 245 221 223 -5.6 2.4 1.0 

345 339 339 334 334 305 1.7 .8 1.4 

258 238 232 239 257 250 8.4 .1 .3 

346 341 341 335 335 305 1.5 .8 1.4 

243 250 243 240 238 228 -2.7 .5 .7 

235 247 241 239 236 221 -4.7 * .7 

257 256 246 242 244 240 .3 1.3 .8 

280 289 281 286 282 282 -3.3 -.2 -.1 

236 265 265 265 253 253 -11.0 -1.8 -.8 

302 304 290 296 296 295 -.6 .5 .3 

320 316 312 306 305 286 1.4 1.2 1.2 

261 252 253 255 244 232 3.6 1.7 1.3 

327 323 318 312 311 291 1.3 1.2 1.3 

243 253 246 245 243 238 -3.7 .1 .3 

235 250 246 244 239 227 -6.0 -.4 .4 

256 257 246 247 248 252 -.4 .8 .2 

323 320 315 311 310 293 .9 1.1 1.1 

261 252 253 255 244 232 3.6 1.7 1.3 

329 326 321 316 315 298 .8 1.1 1.1 

280 280 274 271 269 257 -.3 1.0 .9 

238 251 246 245 239 227 -5.0 -.1 .5 

304 301 293 289 289 276 1.0 1.3 1.1 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/state and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/state. Excludes silt, culm, refuse 

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 77 
Table 53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production 

Range, 1993 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing 

(thousand short tons) 

Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 

Total 

and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50 

Alabama 253 269 262 246 195 139 250 

Alaska 250 - - - - -

250 

Arizona 211 - - - - -

211 

Arkansas - - - - -

240 240 

Colorado 246 243 234 156 -

170 243 

Illinois 240 127 183 95 -

158 220 

Indiana 257 264 253 213 147 177 254 

Iowa - - -

260 - -

260 

Kansas - -

272 - -

21 259 

279 263 251 230 191 143 255 

Eastern 275 271 253 230 195 144 253 

Western 287 237 232 237 144 123 263 

Louisiana 300 -

250 - - -

293 

Maryland 250 -

220 306 255 231 249 

Missouri - - -

181 200 64 181 

Montana 342 -

246 - -

158 341 

299 

312 

298 

266 

108 

232 250 251 220 184 

297 

North Dakota 

299 

312 

298 

266 

108 

232 250 251 220 184 

307 

Ohio 

299 

312 

298 

266 

108 

232 250 251 220 184 266 

Oklahoma - -

324 293 191 198 294 

Pennsylvania Total 250 260 232 262 229 217 246 

Anthracite -

295 248 267 218 220 247 

Bituminous 250 258 230 262 232 216 246 

Tennessee -251 199 222 231 201 223 

Texas 351 -

278 - -

109 350 

Utah 250 261 241 223 -

99 249 

Virginia 276 213 274 235 216 178 246 

Washington 250 -

287 - - -252 

222 245 238 215 202 152 227 

Northern 171 231 249 241 205 170 194 

Southern 253 246 235 208 201 141 238 

Wyoming 346 212 232 24 263 105 345 

Appalachian Total 1 251 253 249 233 209 174 243 

Interior Total 1 298 

323 

253 

212 

234 

244 

241 

241 

247 

226 

164 

232 

154 

263 

206 

144 

118 

173 

280 

Western Total 1 

298 

323 

253 

212 

234 

244 

241 

241 

247 

226 

164 

232 

154 

263 

206 

144 

118 

173 

320 

East of Miss. River 

298 

323 

253 

212 

234 

244 

241 

241 

247 

226 

164 

232 

154 

263 

206 

144 

118 

173 243 

West of Miss. River 326 234 261 209 219 140 323 

U.S. Total 301 244 248 231 206 172 280 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/state and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/state. Excludes silt, culm refuse 

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

78 Energy Information Administration/Coal industry Annual 1993 
DOE/EIA-0S84(93). 

Tabid 54 has been revised to include the distribution of stand alone preparation plant hours across mining method. The 

criteria used to classify mines by mining method has also been revised knd are described in the footnotes of the table. The 

revised (able appears below. ' 

Table 54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1983 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced!per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

Sate «nd Region Continuous1

 1 Conventional3 LongwaH' Other4 Total 

1.71 - 257 - 2.09 

3,84 - 5.82 . . 5.21 

2.99 - 3.35 3.07 3.11 

2.49 • - - 2.49 

* 2.97 2.79 3.19 2.47 2.93 

2.06 2.47 3.84 2.47 2.89 

3.03 4.10 2.47 - 3.10 

3.15 - . 4.36 - 4.34 

_ * 1.06 

1.63 m 

_ * 1.06 1.06 

1.63 m 1.63 

4.20 2.45 3.15 • 3.27 

1.03 . - • 1.03 

Pennsylvania Total .. . • 2.32 1.62 3.53 1.71 2.91 

* 0.74 • 1.71 0.74 

2.32 • 1.89 3.53 - 2.98 

2.51 2.03 - - 2.34 

Utah- 4.80 

2.20 2.17 

6.26 

2.22 1-85 

4.80 5.96 

2.20 2.17 

6.26 

2.22 1-85 2.19 

West Virginia Total.. . 3.07 2.74 . 2.89 3.60 2.92 

2.7S 

3.12 

2.66 

2.76 

2.94 

2.83 

4.39 

2.83 

2.7S 2.84 

3.12 

2.66 

2.76 

2.94 

2.83 

4.39 

2.83 2.96 

4.74 •1.10 4.63 * 3.56 

Appalachian Total 5. . 2.76 2.44 2.94 2.51 2.75 

2.94 4.10 3.06 3.07 3.06 

4.32 1.10 5.67 - 5.23 

East of Mies. River . . . 2.80 2.58 2.96 2.74 2.81 

West of Mies. River.. 4.15 1.10 5.67 - 5.18 

U.S. Total 2.84 2.5S 3.30 2.74 2.95 

I Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coat by continuous mining method. 

8

 Mines that produce greater than 60 percent of coal by conventional mining method. 

9

 Mines that havB any production from longwatl mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining end 20 percent 

continuous mining, 

4

 Mines that produce coal using shorfwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 60/50 percent continuous/conventional split in 

mining method. 

5

 For a definition of coal producing regions, se e Appendix C. 

Notes: For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across the mining methods by the proportion of production (or all stand alone 

mines. Productivity Is calculated by dividing total coal production by the lotal direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes mines producing 

less then 10.000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these 

data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report:" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. 

Department of Labor. Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2. "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 79 
Table 55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 

1993 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) 

Underground 

Continuous 1 Conventional 1 Longwall 1 Shortwall 1 Other 1 2 Unknown3 

Surface Total 

7-12 

13-18 

19-24 

25-30 

31-36 

37-42 

43-48 

49-54 

55-60 

61-66 

67-72 

73-78 

79-84 

85-90 

91-96 

97-102 

103-108 .... 

109-114 .... 

115-120 .... 

> 120 

U.S. Total 

2.26 1.29 -

2.50 2.27 -

2.86 2.83 3.66 

2.81 2.91 1.68 

2.90 2.85 2.60 

3.00 2.49 2.94 

3.68 3.78 2.60 

3.02 2.95 3.79 

3.58 3.16 4.13 

3.50 -2.78 

3.81 3.30 3.03 

2.62 -2.18 

3.30 4.99 3.55 

4.08 -

3.44 

4.03 -7.57 

5.21 -

5.45 

6.41 1.53 7.40 

5.24 3.00 5.62 

1.74 

1.37 

2.01 

2.67 

2.26 

2.62 

1.40 

1.65 

3.94 3.94 

3.92 3.92 

4.27 4.17 

3.94 3.75 

4.27 3.64 

4.79 3.76 

5.08 3.87 

5.85 4.38 

5.61 4.25 

6.62 4.34 

5.86 4.74 

5.64 3.66 

6.73 4.73 

5.28 4.33 

5.67 4.12 

6.07 5.45 

3.18 5.28 

5.38 5.40 

5.16 6.00 

4.86 14.06 

3.20 2.93 3.47 1.74 2.15 7.23 4.70 

1

 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine production. 

2

 Includes scoop loading and hand loading. 

3

 Calculated by subtracting the sum of the reported mining methods from total received underground productivity. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

80 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production 

Range, 1993 (Continued) 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

1,000 

and over 

500 

to 1,000 

200 

to 500 

100 

to 200 

50 

to 100 

10 

to 50 

Total 

Utah 

Underground 

Virginia 

Underground 

Surface 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total . 

Underground 

Surface 

Northern 

Underground 

Surface 

Southern 

Underground 

Surface 

Wyoming 

Underground 

Surface 

Appalachian Total' .. 

Underground 

Surface 

Interior Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

Western Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

East of Miss. River.. 

Underground 

Surface 

West of Miss. River. 

Underground 

Surface 

U.S. Total 

Underground 

Surface 

6.90 2.98 3.81 5.66 -

0.86 5.96 

6.90 2.98 3.81 5.66 -

.86 5.96 

2.86 2.59 3.27 2.78 2.37 2.01 2.41 

2.86 2.27 2.99 2.54 2.23 1.93 2.19 

-

5.36 3.94 4.21 3.53 2.47 3.55 

4.08 -

2.76 - - -4.00 

4.08 -2.76 - - -4.00 

3.85 4.18 3.97 3.27 2.63 2.28 3.27 

3.24 3.41 3.87 3.14 2.38 2.09 2.92 

5.72 5.48 4.56 3.84 3.85 2.66 4.35 

3.21 4.35 3.71 2.92 2.93 2.40 2.98 

3.00 2.99 3.67 2.66 2.41 2.14 2.84 

6.62 5.73 4.46 3.30 3.98 2.66 3.70 

4.39 4.16 4.03 3.38 2.53 2.22 3.39 

3.55 3.44 3.92 3.24 2.37 2.07 2.96 

5.61 5.44 4.57 4.50 3.74 2.65 4.49 

25.53 6.30 1.94 8.14 4.43 7.04 24.46 

4.63 -1.94 - - -3.56 

26.50 6.30 -

8.14 4.43 7.04 26.03 

3.65 3.66 3.49 3.07 2.54 2.13 3.00 

3.28 3.01 3.35 2.89 2.25 1.90 2.75 

5.11 4.58 3.79 3.42 3.14 2.36 3.55 

4.99 4.09 3.45 2.58 3.09 2.67 4.43 

3.22 3.24 2.97 2.08 1.27 1.45 3.06 

7.01 5.07 3.63 2.64 3.89 2.98 5.71 

15.12 3.45 3.43 4.33 4.43 2.21 13.53 

6.58 3.09 3.23 3.12 -

1.02 5.23 

17.18 4.08 5.07 8.21 4.43 7.04 16.49 

3.68 3.74 3.48 3.09 2.57 2.15 3.11 

3.26 3.05 3.33 2.87 2.25 1.89 2.81 

5.07 4.68 3.76 3.46 3.20 2.40 3.74 

13.73 3.45 3.50 2.27 2.45 2.31 12.14 

6.58 3.09 3.23 3.12 1.03 1.02 5.18 

15.01 4.08 3.80 2.11 4.35 2.89 13.94 

7.02 3.72 3.48 3.04 2.57 2.15 4.70 

3.56 3.05 3.33 2.88 2.23 1.89 2.95 

11.50 4.64 3.76 3.28 3.23 2.41 7.23 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

82 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 

-"3??": 
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production 

Range, 1993 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

1,000 

and over 

500 

to 1,000 

200 

to 500 

100 

to 200 

50 

to 100 

10 

to 50 

Total 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

See footnotes at end of table. 

2.10 3.09 3.91 3.02 2.99 2.11 2.35 

2.06 2.75 3.05 - - -

2.09 

2.96 3.21 4.15 3.02 2.99 2.11 3.01 

7.40 - - - - -

7.40 

7.40 - - - - -

7.40 

6.42 - - - - -6.21 

6.42 - - - - -

6.21 

- - - - -

1.39 1.39 

- - - - -

1.39 1.39 

6.81 4.34 3.66 3.40 -

1.24 5.85 

6.46 4.14 3.66 1.72 -1.24 5.21 

7.28 5.36 -8.24 - -7.07 

3.44 3.25 2.47 1.63 -

2.28 3.23 

3.27 3.00 2.05 - - -

3.11 

4.86 5.02 2.68 1.63 -

2.28 3.86 

4.82 4.45 4.02 3.88 3.53 2.61 4.46 

2.57 3.12 2.05 2.04 1.79 -

2.49 

5.19 4.67 4.49 4.75 4.48 2.61 4.82 

- - -

.72 - -.72 

- - -

.72 - -.72 

- -

2.24 - -

4.70 2.30 

- -

2.24 - -

4.70 2.30 

4.15 4.33 3.59 2.95 2.53 2.00 3.25 

3.69 3.68 3.46 2.90 2.43 1.88 2.93 

5.06 4.99 3.82 3.12 2.93 2.29 3.84 

4.68 4.22 3.60 2.90 2.46 1.94 3.18 

4.26 3.65 3.43 2.91 2.43 1.90 2.89 

5.23 4.81 3.94 2.87 2.67 2.07 3.74 

3.52 4.76 3.55 3.68 3.57 2.93 3.49 

3.20 3.79 3.75 2.13 -

1.45 3.10 

4.67 5.64 3.41 3.96 3.57 4.20 4.14 

13.10 -

8.52 - - -12.14 

13.10 -

8.52 - - -12.14 

5.01 -

1.93 2.97 2.08 1.90 3.41 

5.01 - - - -

2.68 4.34 

- -

1.93 2.97 2.08 1.86 2.07 

- - -

1.66 7.00 5.53 1.84 

- - -

1.66 7.00 5.53 1.84 

19.65 -13.84 - -

1.06 19.49 

- - - - -

1.06 1.06 

19.65 -13.84 - - -

19.59 

7.85 2.17 - - - -

6.68 

-

1.85 - - - -

1.63 

7.85 2.50 - - - -

7.26 

18.66 5.66 - - - -

17.66 

18.66 5.66 - - - -

17.66 

3.62 4.19 3.57 4.11 3.39 2.14 3.46 

3.31 3.82 3.67 -

2.90 -3.27 

4.42 4.26 3.56 4.11 3.46 2.14 3.58 

- -

3.32 3.07 1.52 2.03 2.80 

- - - -

1.03 -1.03 

- -

3.32 3.07 3.23 2.03 3.12 

3.96 2.76 2.59 3.19 2.44 2.30 2.80 

4.06 2.20 2.34 2.72 .99 1.43 2.91 

2.51 3.62 3.05 3.34 3.12 2.52 2.63 

-

19.55 3.17 2.82 5.38 1.72 1.85 

- - -

2.14 -1.33 .74 

-

19.55 3.17 3.01 5.38 1.86 2.09 

3.96 2.61 2.53 3.25 2.22 2.50 2.91 

4.06 2.20 2.34 2.81 .99 1.48 2.98 

2.51 3.26 3.00 3.39 2.86 2.72 2.78 

-

3.38 2.96 2.74 2.85 2.09 2.47 

-

3.38 2.57 2.27 2.43 1.82 2.34 

- -

3.23 3.59 3.78 2.43 2.71 

8.55 -

3.64 - -3.17 8.42 

8.55 -3.64 - -

3.17 8.42 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 81 
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 

1993 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Alabama 

Underground 

Surface 

Alaska 

Surface 

Arizona 

Surface 

Arkansas 

Surface 

Colorado 

Underground 

Surface 

Illinois 

Underground 

Surface 

Indiana 

Underground 

Surface 

Iowa 

Surface 

Kansas 

Surface 

Kentucky Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Eastern 

Underground 

Surface 

Western 

Underground 

Surface 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Maryland 

Underground 

Surface 

Missouri 

Surface 

Montana 

Underground 

Surface 

New Mexico 

Underground 

Surface 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Ohio 

Underground 

Surface 

Oklahoma 

Underground 

Surface 

Pennsylvania Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Anthracite 

Underground 

Surface 

Bituminous 

Underground 

Surface 

Tennessee 

Underground 

Surface 

Texas 

Surface 

Utah 

Underground 

Virginia 

Underground 

Surface 

See footnotes at end of table. 

UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total 

2.22 _ 2.22 3.14 2.35 

2.07 -

2.07 2.74 2.09 

2.87 -

2.87 3.17 3.01 

-

7.40 7.40 -7.40 

-

7.40 7.40 -7.40 

6.42 -

6.42 -

6.21 

6.42 -6.42 -6.21 

- - -

1.39 1.39 

- - -

1.39 1.39 

4.26 5.89 4.63 6.72 5.85 

3.37 -3.37 6.33 5.21 

7.23 5.89 6.49 7.64 7.07 

3.09 3.12 3.09 3.78 3.23 

2.87 3.37 2.92 3.75 3.11 

4.01 1.43 3.84 4.03 3.86 

4.50 3.73 4.45 4.47 4.46 

2.72 -

2.72 1.99 2.49 

5.05 3.73 4.93 4.74 4.82 

- - -

.72 .72 

- - -

.72 .72 

2.24 -2.24 4.70 2.30 

2.24 -2.24 4.70 2.30 

3.06 3.23 3.07 3.26 3.25 

2.86 2.21 2.81 2.95 2.93 

4.82 4.81 4.82 3.80 3.84 

3.30 3.23 3.28 3.17 3.18 

3.29 2.21 3.14 2.87 2.89 

3.53 4.81 4.44 3.73 3.74 

2.86 -

2.86 3.63 3.49 

2.47 -2.47 3.32 3.10 

5.11 -5.11 4.06 4.14 

- - -

12.14 12.14 

- - -

12.14 12.14 

- - -

3.41 3.41 

- - -

4.34 4.34 

- - -

2.07 2.07 

.72 -.72 4.26 1.84 

.72 -.72 4.26 1.84 

16.76 20.08 18.36 25.84 19.49 

- - -

1.06 1.06 

16.76 20.08 18.36 26.74 19.59 

5.61 7.06 6.41 9.00 6.68 

1.63 -1.63 -1.63 

6.98 7.06 7.03 9.00 7.26 

13.64 15.71 14.45 19.55 17.66 

13.64 15.71 14.45 19.55 17.66 

3.16 3.66 3.17 3.72 3.46 

3.20 -3.20 3.64 3.27 

3.08 3.66 3.11 3.73 3.58 

-

3.34 3.34 2.78 2.80 

- - -

1.03 1.03 

-

3.34 3.34 3.11 3.12 

1.85 2.42 1.85 3.52 2.80 

1.92 -1.92 4.60 2.91 

1.38 2.93 1.42 2.83 2.63 

1.42 2.67 1.45 2.16 1.85 

- - -

.75 .74 

1.43 4.08 1.46 2.79 2.09 

1.90 2.17 1.90 3.68 2.91 

1.92 -1.92 4.93 2.98 

1.18 2.17 1.26 2.84 2.78 

- - -

2.47 2.47 

- - -

2.34 2.34 

- - -

2.71 2.71 

-

7.98 7.98 9.31 8.42 

-

7.98 7.98 9.31 8.42 

4.99 2.83 4.76 6.84 5.96 

4.99 2.83 4.76 6.84 5.96 

2.26 -2.26 2.49 2.41 

2.18 -2.18 2.20 2.19 

3.67 -3.67 3.54 3.55 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 83 
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 

1993 (Continued) 

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Washington 

Surface 

West Virginia Total 

Underground 

Surface 

Northern 

Underground 

Surface 

Southern 

Underground 

Surface 

Wyoming 

Underground 

Surface 

Appalachian Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

Interior Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

Western Total 1 

Underground 

Surface 

East of Miss. River 

Underground 

Surface 

West of Miss. River 

Underground 

Surface 

U.S. Total 

Underground 

Surface 

UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total 

2.80 

2.59 

3.99 

2.91 

2.92 

2.74 

2.39 

4.00 

6.29 

6.29 

2.50 

2.38 

3.18 

3.30 

2.80 

4.36 

7.07 

3.90 

8.68 

2.69 

2.46 

3.72 

6.80 

3.90 

8.19 

3.17 

2.53 

5.20 

4.08 

4.08 

10.11 

10.11 

2.83 

1.94 

3.65 

6.94 

3.37 

7.57 

8.72 

2.83 

8.91 

3.10 

3.01 

3.26 

8.37 

2.83 

8.46 

7.55 

2.99 

8.13 

4.08 2.76 4.00 

4.08 2.76 4.00 

2.79 3.80 3.27 

2.58 3.40 2.92 

3.94 4.54 4.35 

2.91 3.06 2.98 

2.92 2.70 2.84 

-

3.70 3.70 

2.73 4.05 3.39 

2.39 3.64 2.96 

3.94 4.85 4.49 

7.39 26.70 24.46 

-

3.56 3.56 

7.39 28.69 26.03 

2.50 3.30 3.00 

2.38 3.07 2.75 

3.20 3.63 3.55 

4.31 4.56 4.43 

2.84 3.36 3.06 

5.97 5.47 5.71 

7.71 19.11 13.53 

3.84 6.18 5.23 

8.79 24.83 16.49 

2.70 3.38 3.11 

2.47 3.11 2.81 

3.70 3.75 3.74 

7.63 16.87 12.14 

3.84 6.07 5.18 

8.36 20.51 13.94 

3.77 5.36 4.70 

2.54 3.32 2.95 

6.28 7.71 7.23 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

84 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Distribution 

Coal distribution during 1993 totaled 959 million short 

tons, 4 percent less than in 1992 (Table 58). Coal distributed from Wyoming, the Nation's leading coal producer, totaled 212 million short tons and represented 

22 percent of the total. Collectively, coal distribution 

from the three major coal-producing States, Wyoming, 

Kentucky, and West Virginia, totaled 508 million short 

tons, or 53 percent of total U.S. distribution. 

Texas was the leading destination for coal distributed 

domestically during 1993, with shipments totaling 95 

million short tons or 10 percent of total distribution 

(Table 65). Of the coal distributed to Texas, 57 percent 

was indigenous, with virtually all of the balance arriving from Wyoming and Colorado. 

Other major destination States included Ohio, Indiana, 

and Pennsylvania, which collectively accounted for 

163 million short tons, or 17 percent of total 1993 distribution. As with Texas, a significant portion of the 

coal distributed in these States was indigenous (Appendix A). 

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal during 1993 totaled 

76 million short tons, representing 8 percent of the total amount of coal distributed (Table 65). The leading 

source of U.S. coal exports in 1993 was West Virginia, 

with exports totaling 33 million short tons, or 44 percent of total foreign distribution. Other major sources 

of coal exports were Virginia and Kentucky, with exports totaling 14 million short tons and 10 million short 

tons, respectively. Collectively, coal exported from 

these three States represented 75 percent of total U.S. 

coal exports. 

Rail continued to be the dominant method of transporting coal with 530 million short tons of shipments, 

55 percent of the total (Table 65). The amount of coal 

transported by water, including shipments by river, 

shipments on the Great Lakes, and shipments through 

tidewater ports, accounted for 214 million short tons, 

or 22 percent of the total coal distributed. Distribution 

of coal by truck accounted for 116 million short tons, 

12 percent of the total, while distribution by tramway 

and conveyor totaled 95 million short tons, or 10 percent of the total. 

Energy Information Admlnistratlon/Coal Industry Annual 1993 85 
Figure 10. Coal Distribution, 1984-1993 

1200 

E 

100 

o 

O 

CO 

c 

o 

o 

JC 

CO 

c 

o 

= 10-

Total Distribution 

Electric Generation 

Foreign 

Other Industrial 

Coke Plants 

Residential/Commercial 

I I I I I I I I I 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

86 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 58. Distribution of U.S. Coal By State of Origin, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Unknown State 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

25,556 25,491 27,679 28,735 28,836 0.3 -3.0 

1,598 1,531 1,483 1,580 1,452 4.4 2.4 

12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 11,939 -2.3 .4 

25 32 1 13 94 -20.8 -27.8 

- 142 23 57 22 -100.0 -

21,465 18,864 17,757 18,386 16,898 13.8 6.2 

42,000 58,913 58,553 60,592 59,464 -28.7 -8.3 

29,664 31,393 31,412 36,122 33,727 -5.5 -3.2 

175 287 350 380 424 -39.3 -19.9 

345 354 424 734 1,078 -2.5 -24.8 

160,395 161,860 158,290 173,277 152,649 -.9 1.3 

125,041 120,186 117,462 128,010 110,248 4.0 3.2 

35,354 41,674 40,828 45,267 42,401 -15.2 -4.4 

3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 2,983 -3.3 1.0 

3,572 3,480 3,773 3,606 3,094 2.7 3.7 

638 2,795 2,203 2,488 3,206 -77.2 -33.2 

35,916 38,866 38,119 37,866 37,489 -7.6 -1.1 

27,942 24,827 22,378 23,380 22,650 12.5 5.4 

32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 29,860 2.1 2.0 

28,315 29,550 30,023 34,335 32,970 -4.2 -3.7 

2,309 1,954 1,867 1,778 2,015 18.1 3.5 

58,990 67,649 65,454 69,802 72,322 -12.8 -5.0 

3,331 3,554 3,182 3,012 3,229 -6.3 .8 

55,659 64,095 62,272 66,790 69,093 -13.2 -5.3 

2,577 2,837 4,274 6,247 6,656 -9.2 -21.1 

54,224 54,447 54,243 55,024 54,201 -.4 • 

22,243 21,052 21,444 21,506 20,578 5.7 2.0 

41,639 45,728 43,495 48,038 42,533 -8.9 -.5 

4,714 5,283 5,096 5,000 5,013 -10.8 -1.5 

135,818 163,723 165,576 166,765 138,946 -17.0 -.6 

37.100 50,646 52,633 58,200 57,467 -26.8 -10.4 

98,718 113,077 112,943 108,565 81,479 -12.7 4.9 

211,713 190,260 194,407 184,386 171,565 11.3 5.4 

- - - - 29,035 - -

421,508 458,645 457,735 485,537 464,640 -8.1 -2.4 

167,836 195,057 193,030 205,584 199,592 -14.0 -4.2 

370,102 344,945 343,381 332,813 317,468 7.3 3.9 

528,525 590,624 588,527 627,519 600,232 -10.5 -3.1 

430,920 408,023 405,619 396,416 381,468 5.6 3.1 

959,445 998,647 994,146 1,023,935 981,699 -3.9 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: See Technical Note 1 for the difference between production and distribution. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 87 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Unknown State 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

19,668 19,560 20,667 20,545 20,093 0.5 -0.5 

855 797 811 783 747 7.3 3.4 

12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 11,939 -2.3 .4 

25 29 1 7 91 -13.4 -27.2 

- 142 23 57 22 -100.0 -

20,338 18,195 17,132 18,019 16,866 11.8 4.8 

41,330 57,670 57,290 60,222 58,976 -28.3 -8.5 

29,475 31,216 31,204 35,967 33,546 -5.6 -3.2 

175 287 350 380 424 -39.3 -19.9 

345 354 424 734 1,078 -2.5 -24.8 

150,874 147,825 142,811 157,587 140,042 2.1 1.9 

115,723 106,372 102,416 112,741 98,823 8.8 4.0 

35,151 41,453 40,395 44,847 41,219 -15.2 -3.9 

3,103 3,208 3,151 3,186 2,983 -3.3 1.0 

3,278 3,246 3,594 3,063 2,039 1.0 12.6 

638 2,795 2,203 2,488 3,206 -77.2 -33.2 

35,795 38,804 37,812 37,294 37,073 -7.8 -.9 

27,942 24,823 22,378 23,380 22,650 12.6 5.4 

32,372 31,702 29,741 29,206 29,860 2.1 2.0 

28,315 29,549 30,001 34,209 32,658 -4.2 -3.5 

2,297 1,940 1,867 1,727 1,988 18.4 3.7 

53,482 61,208 58,151 62,917 61,867 -12.6 -3.6 

3,015 3,230 2,821 2,463 2,734 -6.6 2.5 

50,467 57,979 55,330 60,454 59,132 -13.0 -3.9 

2,577 2,835 4,243 6,098 6,557 -9.1 -20.8 

54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 54,201 -.4 * 

19,283 18,792 19,358 19,756 18,402 2.6 1.2 

27,388 28,504 25,390 28,863 27,799 -3.9 -.4 

4,621 5,020 4,894 4,893 4,959 -7.9 -1.8 

102,659 112,917 111,785 118,032 102,864 -9.1 * 

34,573 44,093 45,586 50,042 49,437 -21.6 -8.5 

68,086 68,824 66,199 67,990 53,427 -1.1 6.3 

210,739 188,983 193,425 183,712 171,487 11.5 5.3 

- - - - 17,616 - -

353,089 364,191 356,247 386,469 370,316 -3.0 -1.2 

166,763 193,400 191,126 204,574 197,712 -13.8 -4.2 

364,083 339,676 338,508 328,547 314,005 7.2 3.8 

459,045 494,530 485,136 527,505 504,058 -7.2 -2.3 

424,890 402,737 400,746 392,085 377,976 5.5 3.0 

883,934 897,267 885,882 919,589 882,034 -1.5 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report.' 

88 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1993 

Company Name 

Top Ten Distributors 

Atlantic Richfield Co. North American Coal Corp. 

A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. Peabody Holding Co. 

Consol Energy Inc. Texas Utilities Mining Co. 

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. The Coastal Corp. 

Exxon Corp. Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 

Other Major Distributors 

Addington Resources, Inc. Kerr-McGee Corp. 

AGIP Coal Sales USA Knife River Coal Mining 

Aluminum Co. of America Mapco Coal Inc. 

American Eagle Coal Co. Marigold Land Co. 

American Electric Power Minnesota Power & Light 

American Metals & Coal Montana Power Co. 

Andalex Resources Inc. Ohio Valley Resources, Inc. 

Anker Energy Corp. Pacificorp Electric 

Apogee Coal Co. Pen Holdings 

Arch Mineral Corp. Phibro Energy Inc. 

Ashland Coal Inc. Phoenix Resources 

Bethlehem Stee Corp. Plateau Mining Co. 

BHP Utah Minerals Int'l Pyro Energy Corp. 

Black Beauty Coal Co. Quaker Coal Co., Inc. 

Centralia Mining Co. Rochester & Pittsburgh Co. 

Chevron Corp. Sun Coal Co. 

Coal Arbed Int'l Trading Co. The Pittston Co. 

Costain America Inc. TMPA 

Decker Coal Co. Transco Energy Inc. 

Drummond Company United Coal Co. 

Electric Fuels Corp. USX Corp. 

General Dynamics Corp. Utility Fuels Inc. 

James River Coal Co. Western Fuels-Wyoming 

Jim Walter Resources Inc. Westmoreland Coal Co. 

Kennecott Energy Co. W.R. Grace & Co. 

Notes: The top ten distribution companies accounted for 42 percent of the total distribution. Companies are listed in alphabetical order to ensure 

non-disclosure of company data. 

'Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 89 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Appalachian Total 

Alabama 

Middle Atlantic 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Indiana 

West North Central 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Florida 

Georgia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Arkansas 

Texas 

Kentucky, Eastern 

New England 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain 

Idaho 

Utah 

Pacific 

See footnotes at end of table. 

353,089 364,191 356,247 386,469 352,700 -3.0 * 

19,668 19,560 20,667 20,545 20,093 .5 -0.5 

492 228 * - - 115.9 -

492 228 * - - 115.9 -

- - 6 312 253 - -

- - 6 312 253 - -

- 1 - - - -100.0 -

- 1 - - - -100.0 -

207 287 112 252 443 -27.6 -17.3 

202 185 69 158 156 9.7 6.7 

1 102 43 94 287 -99.0 -75.9 

4 

18,851 18,918 20,181 19,590 18,832 -.3 • 

18,716 18,849 20,150 19,535 

1 

49 

18,778 -.7 -.1 

132 68 28 

19,535 

1 

49 44 93.1 31.8 

3 * 3 5 11 NM -25.6 

18 33 5 7 9 -46.7 17.4 

9 12 5 6 9 -22.8 .5 

8 21 * * - -60.8 -

115,723 106,372 102,416 112,741 98,823 8.8 4.0 

1,106 2,337 1,572 1,650 1,065 -52.7 .9 

576 837 912 920 842 -31.2 -9.0 

380 771 187 9 160 -50.6 24.1 

71 729 465 706 58 -90.3 4.8 

79 - 8 15 

3 

- -

3,679 3,901 4,238 2,742 

2 

1,495 -5.7 25.3 

61 204 36 21 50 -70.2 4.8 

1,188 1,288 2,040 1,090 688 -7.7 14.6 

2,429 2,409 2,162 1,631 756 .9 33.9 

25,309 21,902 23,622 29,008 24,442 15.5 .9 

2,333 1,575 1,766 2,180 1,722 48.1 7.9 

2,074 2,645 2,299 2,831 2,757 -21.6 -6.9 

8,857 8,083 8,648 10,193 9,620 9.6 -2.0 

11,294 8,648 9,915 12,658 9,148 30.6 5.4 

751 951 995 1,145 1,195 -21.1 -11.0 

482 444 641 652 512 8.7 -1.5 

25 65 232 209 171 -61.3 -38.1 

- 5 15 4 27 -100.0 -

124 125 184 293 230 -.8 -14.3 

334 249 •211 147 83 

1 

50,648 

33.8 41.6 

57,532 52,997 50,747 53,711 

83 

1 

50,648 8.6 3.2 

27 - 52 142 - - -

16 18 47 23 41 -9.0 -20.6 

11,311 12,584 11,302 11,249 10,845 -10.1 1.1 

14,163 11,770 12,277 13,325 12,968 20.3 2.2 

958 296 449 690 802 224.0 4.5 

13,491 12,517 11,334 13,045 9,522 7.8 9.1 

9,962 9,847 9,587 9,103 10,099 1.2 -.3 

6,672 5,246 4,872 4,844 4,900 27.2 8.0 

932 721 826 1,291 1,471 29.4 -10.8 

26,008 22,917 19,666 22,951 19,181 13.5 7.9 

2,320 2,703 2,164 1,491 719 -14.2 34.0 

10,145 10,486 8,563 10,885 9,418 -3.3 1.9 

1,731 1,616 2,105 2,140 1,659 7.1 1.1 

11,811 8,112 6,835 8,435 7,385 45.6 12.5 

104 95 237 360 221 8.8 -17.2 

104 95 235 349 194 8.8 -14.5 

- - - - 23 - -

- - 1 11 3 - -

- 2 - - 53 -100.0 -

- 2 - - - -100.0 -

- - - - 53 - -

4 - - 30 - -39.4 

90 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 1989-1993 

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued) 

Oregon 

Washington 

Maryland 

New England 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 

Middle Atlantic 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Ohio 

New England 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Missouri 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

Florida 

Maryland 

South Carolina 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Pacific 

California 

Pennsylvania, 

Anthracite 

New England 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

See footnotes at end of table. 

8 

22 

3,278 3,246 3,594 3,063 2,039 1.0 

11 - - 11 

2 

9 

- -

11 _ _ 

11 

2 

9 _ _ 

19 6 22 70 15 215.5 

- 4 8 22 1 -100.0 

19 2 14 48 14 NM 

3,230 3.166 3,553 2,956 1,982 2.0 

37 - 15 21 7 -

820 1,159 1,363 1,584 1,014 -29.3 

- 1 37 106 83 -100.0 

2,373 2,006 2,139 1,245 878 18.3 

28,315 29,549 30,001 34,209 32,658 -4.2 

17 4 * * 17 299.9 

* 1 - - - -85.7 

17 4 * * * 391.9 

- - - - 17 -

1,388 556 934 2,005 2,115 149.8 

- - - 14 7 -

52 47 45 149 55 10.2 

1,336 508 889 1,843 2,053 162.8 

25,119 27,497 27,875 29,289 26,884 -8.6 

* 2 - - - -97.8 

274 134 181 225 141 104.0 

474 419 627 751 529 13.2 

24,370 26,941 27,061 28,301 26,189 -9.5 

- - 6 12 25 -

83 - * 27 - -

67 - - - - -

16 - * 27 - -

1,041 1,385 995 1,961 1,166 -24.8 

48 - - 1 - -

- - 172 - - -

- - 7 7 - -

- - 5 38 - -

993 1,385 811 1,915 1,166 -28.3 

261 - 49 705 2,332 -

151 - 48 696 2,246 -

29 - - 9 71 -

81 - * * 15 -

_ * 1 3 3 -100.0 

- * 1 3 3 -100.0 

3,015 

64 

13 

8 

24 

10 

3 

6 

2,618 

20 

179 

2,420 

39 

14 

5 

19 

3,230 

73 

14 

12 

22 

14 

5 

7 

2,916 

17 

215 

2,685 

40 

8 

5 

1 

26 

2,821 

74 

13 

11 

20 

22 

4 

5 

2,554 

18 

164 

2,371 

31 

11 

5 

2 

13 

2,463 

88 

13 

11 

28 

24 

5 

8 

2,077 

23 

161 

1,894 

41 

5 

8 

1 

21 

2,734 -6.6 

72 -12.6 

12 -7.8 

9 -27.3 

33 7.5 

9 -28.5 

3 -33.5 

7 -14.1 

2,314 -10.2 

27 17.9 

209 -16.9 

2,077 -9.9 

63 -3.7 

10 66.8 

4 -5.7 

8 -69.7 

31 -27.5 

-15.6 

12.6 

5.4 

8.0 

13.0 

51.0 

-5.2 

28.2 

-3.5 

.7 

198.8 

-10.0 

-1.2 

-10.2 

-1.7 

18.0 

-2.7 

-1.8 

-2.8 

-3.9 

-42.2 

-49.1 

-20.0 

51.3 

2.5 

-3.1 

1.0 

-1.6 

-7.6 

3.0 

1.8 

-3.8 

3.1 

-7.6 

-3.9 

3.9 

-11.4 

9.4 

1.7 

-53.2 

-12.1 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 91 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 Change 

and State 1992-1993 1989-1993 

Pennsylvania, 

Anthracite (Continued) 

1 * * 5 10 NM -38.5 

West North Central 34 35 33 49 45 -3.3 -6.8 

Iowa 28 27 29 47 45 .4 -11.7 

* 6 * * * -99.5 -11.4 

3 * * * * NM 117.1 

Missouri 2 * * * * NM NM 

Nebraska 2 2 4 1 -

-20.9 -

North Dakota * * * * * 425.0 40.9 

South Dakota _ • * * * -100.0 -

64 

11 

51 

7 

39 51 66 

1 

25.3 

49.9 

64 -.8 

11 

51 

7 

39 51 66 

1 

25.3 

49.9 72.5 

* * * * * -2.9 -1.1 

Florida 6 7 4 8 9 -8.5 -8.1 

Georgia * 1 1 2 1 -60.8 -8.2 

Maryland 4 3 9 4 4 18.9 -.4 

North Carolina * * * * * 286.4 -32.0 

11 

14 13 

3 

16 

12 

17 

23 

17 

NM 

5.6 

11 -16.9 

14 13 

3 

16 

12 

17 

23 

17 

NM 

5.6 -4.6 

West Virginia 18 20 6 7 12 -8.4 11.8 

East South Central 34 42 44 60 91 -17.3 -21.6 

3 6 1 17 15 -55.3 -34.4 

18 24 27 27 60 -24.3 -26.2 

* * * * * -65.1 -17.3 

14 12 16 17 16 16.8 -3.4 

West South Central 11 10 

4 

5 

3 

2 3 

2 

10.1 

-94.9 

11 10 34.6 

4 

5 

3 

2 3 

2 

10.1 

-94.9 -41.0 

Louisiana 8 * • NM 233.3 

* 1 * -43.8 53.7 

3 5 1 -49.1 14.0 

Mountain 3 * 1 NM 17.3 

* * * -82.0 1.9 

3 * * NM 132.4 

Idaho * - - - -

-73.5 

Montana • - - * -

18.9 

Nevada - - - 1 - -

. 7 '• -7.1 34.3 

Utah . 7 '• -7.1 

43.6 

* * * * -72.0 -45.9 

10 • * ' NM 263.1 

9 _ • _ 

111.0 59.1 

Oregon 9 _ • _ 

111.0 

NM 

Washington --100.0 -

Pennsylvania, 

Bituminous 50,467 57,979 55,330 60,454 59,132 -13.0 -3.9 

New England 989 1,124 1,113 996 905 -12.1 2.3 

Connecticut * 131 87 14 * -99.8 4.6 

Maine 2 19 1 * 59 -89.2 -56.8 

Massachusetts 330 294 290 695 626 12.4 -14.8 

New Hampshire 656 681 734 286 219 -3.7 31.5 

Vermont * - * * * - 14.1 

37,417 43,559 40,806 46,212 45,995 -14.1 -5.0 

153 15 23 46 50 NM 31.9 

New York 6,228 8,532 6,893 7,844 7,888 -27.0 -5.7 

Pennsylvania 31,036 35,012 33,889 38,322 38,056 -11.3 -5.0 

6,502 7,466 7,138 7,364 6,978 -12.9 -1.8 

Illinois 43 69 154 54 17 -37.7 25.6 

Indiana 505 380 277 391 401 33.0 5.9 

Michigan 1,607 1,862 1,682 1,758 1,617 -13.7 -.1 

Ohio 3,848 3,567 3,411 3,856 3,856 7.9 " 

Wisconsin 500 1,589 1,615 1,304 1,088 -68.5 -17.7 

West North Central 205 

103 

191 

162 

558 

67 

44 27 7.6 

-36.2 

66.4 

Iowa 

205 

103 

191 

162 

558 

67 

44 27 7.6 

-36.2 -

Minnesota -

28 492 44 27 -100.0 -

Missouri _ 102 1 - - - NM -

- - - - - _ 

See footnotes at end of table. 

92 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Pennsylvania, 

Bituminous (Continued) 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Texas 

Mountain 

Colorado 

Utah 

Pacific 

California 

Tennessee 

Middle Atlantic 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

South Atlantic 

Florida 

Georgia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Virginia 

New England 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

3,955 

252 

2,372 

29 

1,302 

772 

46 

225 

3 

498 

240 

240 

2,577 

303 

204 

96 

3 

2,215 

592 

122 

1,501 

27,388 

2,073 

359 

108 

1,607 

3,475 

260 

2,045 

188 

875 

4,090 

226 

2,437 

1 

5 

1,421 

83 

1 

31 

6 

46 

290 

290 

2,835 

24 

4,957 

576 

66 

2,624 

2 

71 

1,616 

6 

2 

2 

265 

265 

4,243 

5 

5 

63 

29 

4,935 

568 

3,001 

27 

1,339 

6 

6 

26 

26 

6,098 

2 

2 

207 

170 

4,347 -3.3 

593 11.5 

1 -

3,010 -2.7 

29 -

- -100.0 

36 436.8 

679 -8.3 

25 NM 

- NM 

25 NM 

- -45.0 

- NM 

- -46.7 

- -46.7 

- -17.4 

6,557 

141 

-17.4 

-9.1 

-99.9 

3 2 8 3 -99.1 

21 31 23 123 -100.0 

- 1 4 * -

- - 2 14 

5 

-

387 820 2,133 

5 

2,265 -21.7 

- 242 143 240 -

259 384 1,590 1,506 -21.0 

114 150 124 324 -16.2 

13 34 269 188 -79.6 

1 10 7 6 

1 

4,099 

-85.0 

2,376 3,292 3,712 

6 

1 

4,099 -6.8 

734 934 971 828 -19.4 

39 436 601 533 

1 

2,737 

210.6 

1,603 1,922 2,139 

533 

1 

2,737 -6.3 

- - - 17 -

- - - 16 -

28,504 25,390 28,863 27,799 -3.9 

281 886 492 1,420 -100.0 

44 _ _ _ -100.0 

237 693 490 1,339 -100.0 

- 186 

7 

1,812 

2 81 -

2,957 

186 

7 

1,812 2,180 1,191 -29.9 

734 551 447 366 -51.1 

96 128 128 82 11.8 

2,127 1,134 1,606 743 -24.5 

3.794 2,574 3,852 4,499 -8.4 

478 380 406 606 -45.5 

2,240 1,339 1,242 1,094 -8.7 

68 34 140 724 176.4 

940 772 2,005 2,008 -7.0 

-2.3 

-19.3 

-5.8 

-4.9 

17.7 

135.8 

73.2 

-20.8 

-88.5 

-70.7 

-39.5 

-39.3 

-26.3 

-65.7 

-59.4 

-14.3 

-8.0 

-30.8 

-13.9 

14.9 

-.5 

7.0 

21.3 

-6.3 

-19.1 

16.9 

-28.6 

-18.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Virginia (Continued) 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Minnesota 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Mountain 

Colorado 

Utah 

Wyoming 

West Virginia, Northern 

New England 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Mountain 

New Mexico 

Pacific 

California 

See footnotes at end of table. 

108 

18,553 

155 

457 

3,496 

8 

5,867 

1,663 

6,076 

832 

3,026 

887 

1 

2,138 

2 

2 

103 

103 

68 

16,839 

208 

451 

2,779 

79 

5,207 

1,356 

6,082 

677 

3,432 

1,017 

2,415 

2 

2 

192 

192 

50 

16,290 

137 

455 

3,219 

115 

4,520 

1,523 

5,457 

864 

3,312 

763 

2,549 

10 

10 

198 

198 

59 

18,247 

226 

663 

3,661 

376 

4,592 

1,565 

5,638 

1,525 

3,366 

764 

64 

2,539 

103 

90 

13 

66 58.4 

* -100.0 

- -100.0 

17,650 10.2 

294 -25.5 

901 1.3 

3,323 25.8 

600 -90.4 

4,707 12.7 

1,808 22.6 

4,992 -.1 

1,024 22.8 

2,827 -11.8 

386 -12.8 

105 NM 

2,335 -11.4 

2 -26.2 

2 -26.2 

* -46.5 

-46.6 

12.9 

1.3 

-14.8 

-15.6 

1.3 

-66.5 

5.7 

-2.1 

5.0 

-5.1 

1.7 

23.1 

-67.7 

-2.2 

-6.1 

-6.1 

NM 

34,573 44,093 45,586 50,042 49,437 -21.6 -8.5 

1,002 2,776 2,216 2,142 2,352 -63.9 -19.2 

_ * - 169 79 -100.0 -

_ - - 12 22 - -

613 2,379 1,965 1,264 1.249 -74.2 -16.3 

389 397 251 696 1,002 -2.1 -21.1 

9,769 13,804 15.039 16,090 14.802 -29.2 -9.9 

1,234 1.213 1,094 1,443 1,654 1.7 -7.1 

1,336 2,530 3,393 4.185 3,235 -47.2 -19.8 

7,200 10,061 10,553 10.463 9,913 -28.4 -7.7 

4,220 5,803 6,435 7,459 6,952 -27.3 -11.7 

44 - - 10 17 - 26.6 

216 70 313 334 123 207.8 15.1 

113 114 81 170 240 -.6 -17.1 

3,659 5.365 5.513 6.129 5.919 -31.8 -11.3 

188 254 528 815 653 -26.1 -26.8 

54 9 20 19 32 483.9 13.9 

. 9 19 19 32 -100.0 -

54 - - - - -

17,772 20.988 21,434 23,875 24,019 -15.3 -7.3 

1,096 1,111 714 872 932 -1.3 4.1 

12 6 9 20 15 108.5 -5.4 

580 452 454 686 556 28.5 1.1 

4,314 3,466 4.425 4,152 4.178 24.5 .8 

- * 2 4 - -100.0 -

306 243 276 260 226 25.7 7.9 

11,464 15,710 15,553 17,881 18,113 -27.0 -10.8 

749 167 53 3 8 349.9 209.3 

27 - • - 1 - 110.7 

130 4 9 3 4 NM 142.8 

5 4 13 - 3 28.4 11.8 

589 159 31 - - 271.3 -

154 - - - 234 - -9.9 

154 - - - 234 - -9.9 

- - - - 5 

5 

- -

ft * * * 

5 

5 

292.0 _ 

ft ft « * - 292.0 -

94 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

West Virginia, Southern 

New England 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain 

Montana 

Utah 

Pacific 

California 

Washington 

Interior Total 

Arkansas 

New England 

Vermont 

See footnotes at end of table. 

68,086 68,824 66,199 67,990 53,427 -1.1 6.3 

917 1,109 416 179 225 -17.3 42.1 

106 21 * * 26 408.6 42.5 

14 20 11 72 1 -29.1 87.3 

739 971 304 93 187 -23.9 41.0 

58 97 101 13 11 -40.1 51.8 

6,965 5,160 4,570 6,048 4,789 35.0 9.8 

343 250 155 170 46 36.8 64.8 

1,860 1,265 980 1,399 1,528 47.0 5.0 

4,763 3,644 3,434 4,479 3,215 30.7 10.3 

22,906 25,560 24,205 23,796 20,174 -10.4 3.2 

1,971 1,472 1,668 931 772 33.9 26.4 

3,401 4,920 4,131 3,791 2,427 -30.9 8.8 

4,048 6,120 6,951 6,794 6,246 -33.9 -10.3 

12,485 12,457 11,163 12,053 10,455 .2 4.5 

1,002 592 293 227 274 69.2 38.3 

223 364 253 291 135 -38.7 13.4 

69 77 39 107 14 -9.6 49.8 

- 34 60 - - -100.0 -

11 24 22 24 62 -54.2 -34.9 

142 228 126 156 59 -37.6 24.8 

- - 1 

5 

28,761 

4 - - -

26,459 28,512 

1 

5 

28,761 30,763 23,164 -7.2 3.4 

617 361 723 590 94 70.8 59.9 

23 27 10 27 - -13.7 -

817 1,010 1,507 1,789 1,897 -19.1 -19.0 

2,958 2,477 2,517 1,549 1,461 19.4 19.3 

1,376 2,296 1,721 1,961 535 -40.1 26.6 

6,167 7,963 6,047 6,270 4,971 -22.5 5.5 

107 121 178 83 50 -11.9 20.8 

2,971 3,323 4,420 3,418 2,117 -10.6 8.8 

11,423 10,934 11,638 15,076 12,038 4.5 -1.3 

10,095 7,054 7,469 6,274 3,916 43.1 26.7 

3,736 2,362 2,335 1,026 654 58.2 54.6 

4,704 3,755 4,062 4,901 2,950 25.3 12.4 

87 34 4 21 3 156.0 138.7 

1,569 904 1,067 326 309 73.5 50.1 

49 22 31 31 25 120.0 18.9 

2 - 14 8 22 - -47.6 

48 22 18 22 3 112.7 99.7 

135 _ 35 14 13 _ 81.0 

- - - - 13 - -

135 - 35 14 - - -

* - * 3 1 - -35.8 

- - - 3 1 - -

166,763 193,400 191,126 204,574 197,712 -13.8 -4.2 

25 29 1 7 91 -13.4 -27.2 

_ 13 - - - -100.0 -

- 13 - - - -100.0 -

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

AvfirsoG Annus I 

Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent percent Chanae 

and Destination Census Division 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 Change

 M 

and State 1992-1993 10 ao.iocn 

Arkansas (Continued) 

West North Central 8 11 - - - -23.4 

Missouri 8 11 - - - -23.4 

West South Central 17 5 1 - 7 225.5 23.2 

Arkansas 12 - 1 

Oklahoma 5 5 - - 7 -8.7 -10.4 

Illinois 41,330 57,670 57,290 60,222 58,976 -28.3 -8.5 

New England __**_ -

Connecticut __*__ -

Massachusetts ___•_ -

Middle Atlantic ..... . 2 5.8 -16.6 

New Jersey - -100.0 

New York .... . 5 5 7 g7 . , 

Pennsylvania __*»* -

East North Central 20,483 28,821 29,022 30,701 28,757 -28.9 -8.1 

Illinois 15,206 18,167 18,787 18,700 17,588 -16.3 -3.6 

Indiana 4,541 9,595 9,185 10,571 9,508 -52.7 -16.9 

Michigan - 6 5 10 10 -100.0 

Ohio 73 58 2 

Wisconsin 736 1,053 971 1,362 1,649 -30.1 -18.3 

West North Central 7,783 13,499 15,470 15,856 16,977 -42.3 -17.7 

Iowa 1,534 1,175 1,473 1,592 2,362 30.6 -10.2 

Kansas 179 640 1,320 1,157 612 -72.0 -26.4 

Minnesota 43 58 40 41 47 -25.8 -2.1 

Missouri 6,027 11,625 12,637 13,067 13,956 -48.2 -18.9 

North Dakota * - * - * - -15.1 

South Atlantic 8,137 10,485 8,811 9,019 9,055 -22.4 -2.6 

Florida 4,782 5,529 4,464 4,150 3,814 -13.5 5.8 

Georgia 3,355 4,955 4,347 4,869 5,241 -32.3 -10.5 

South Carolina 1 -100.0 

Virginia *_*__ -

West Virginia ____* _ 

East South Central 4,823 4,780 3,681 4,482 4,015 .9 4.7 

Alabama 401 632 474 813 768 -36.5 -15.0 

Kentucky 535 7 15 453 424 NM 6.0 

Mississippi 1,106 1,879 1,518 1,218 1,293 -41.1 -3.8 

Tennessee 2,780 2,261 1,673 1,998 1,530 22.9 16.1 

West South Central 58 81 99 82 105 -28.7 -13.7 

Arkansas 37 81 99 82 98 -54.4 -21.5 

Louisiana 21 1 94.6 

Texas - * - 5 

Mountain - - 201 11 - -

Montana - - 201 * - -

Wyoming - - - 11 - -

Pacific 10 

California 10 

Indiana 29,475 31,216 31,204 35,967 33,546 -5.6 -3.2 

New England 21 

Massachusetts 21 

Middle Atlantic 3 

Pennsylvania - - - - 3 -

East North Central 26,347 27,677 27,023 30,173 29,095 -4.8 -2.4 

Illinois 1,562 1,021 1,698 2,373 2,275 53.1 -9.0 

Indiana 23,913 24,655 22,619 25,301 24,089 -3.0 -.2 

Michigan 184 338 311 407 308 -45.6 -12.0 

Ohio 60 135 * 184 162 -56.0 -22.2 

Wisconsin 628 1,528 2,394 1,908 2,262 -58.9 -27.4 

West North Central 1,249 756 1,289 2,252 1,245 65.2 .1 

Iowa 646 746 1,027 2,003 1,010 -13.3 -10.6 

Kansas 18 - 6 3 - -

Minnesota - - 91 51 37 -

Missouri 585 11 165 196 195 NM 31.6 

Nebraska - - - - 3 -

South Atlantic 264 548 316 443 533 -51.8 -16.1 

District of Columbia 4 

Florida 96 - 171 443 500 - -33.8 

Georgia 153 548 144 - - -72.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

96 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Indiana (Continued) 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Iowa 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kansas 

West North Central 

Kansas 

Missouri 

West South Central 

Arkansas 

Oklahoma 

Pacific 

California 

Kentucky, Western 

New England 

Connecticut 

Middle Atlantic 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

South Atlantic 

Florida 

Georgia 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Louisiana 

West North Central 

Missouri 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

S ee footnotes at end of table. 

15 

1,506 

60 

1,313 

132 

1 

1 

175 

175 

175 

345 

345 

167 

178 

35,151 

3,103 

3,103 

3,103 

2,071 

127 

1,694 

3 

247 

287 

287 

287 

354 

345 

165 

181 

41,453 

3,208 

3,208 

3,208 

2,401 

127 

2,039 

24 

210 

2 

2 

350 

350 

347 

2 

424 

424 

136 

288 

2,895 

72 

2,450 

24 

349 

380 

380 

367 

13 

734 

734 

348 

387 

40,395 44,847 

3,151 

3,151 

3,151 

3,186 

3,186 

3,186 

3 -

26 -

,626 -27.3 

1 -52.7 

,225 -22.5 

- -100.0 

400 -46.4 

424 -39.3 

424 -39.3 

418 -39.3 

6 -

1,078 -2.5 

1,034 -.1 

768 1.5 

267 -1.6 

22 -

22 -

41,219 

2,983 

2,983 

2,983 

-15.2 

* * - * 8 

8 

-93.4 

. • _ • -93.4 

4,169 4,346 5,204 5,358 5,180 -4.1 

659 214 470 1,224 370 207.3 

3,229 3,275 3,482 3,316 3,343 -1.4 

28 8 74 59 - 268.9 

146 514 786 650 1,310 -71.7 

108 336 391 109 157 -68.0 

352 896 1,027 2,482 1,132 -60.7 

217 271 383 492 412 -19.7 

- - 3 2 15 -

32 27 2 2 51 16.6 

102 598 640 1,986 654 -82.9 

3,040 5,260 5,849 6,689 6,475 -42.2 

3,039 3,910 4,472 5,106 4,889 -22.3 

- 1,350 1,358 1,496 1,547 -100.0 

- - - 29 - -

- * - 14 - -100.0 

1 * 19 44 39 NM 

27,512 30,682 27,911 29,781 27,866 -10.3 

1,761 2,310 1,627 2,235 2,012 -23.8 

17,990 17,455 16,268 18,795 17,431 3.1 

10 190 169 645 419 -94.9 

7,751 10,727 9,847 8,106 8,005 -27.7 

12 204 311 318 295 -94.1 

12 8 11 11 10 48.3 

- 196 300 307 229 -100.0 

- - - - 50 -

- - - - 5 -

-3.3 

-3.3 

-3.3 

-12.5 

-13.0 

180.5 

-12.3 

-24.2 

-19.9 

-19.9 

-19.6 

-24.8 

-24.0 

-31.7 

-9.7 

-3.9 

-77.8 

-5.3 

15.6 

-.9 

-42.3 

-9.0 

-25.3 

-14.8 

-11.1 

-37.1 

-17.2 

-11.2 

-56.1 

-.3 

-3.3 

.8 

-61.1 

-.8 

-55.0 

5.1 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 97 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Missouri 

East North Central 

Illinois 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Missouri 

West South Central 

Oklahoma 

Oklahoma 

East North Central 

Illinois 

West North Central 

Kansas 

Missouri 

West South Central 

Arkansas 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Pacific 

California 

Texas 

West South Central 

Texas 

Mountain 

Wyoming 

Western Total 

Alaska 

Pacific 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Mountain 

Arizona 

Nevada 

Utah 

California 

Pacific 

California 

Colorado 

New England 

Rhode Island 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

South Atlantic 

Florida 

Georgia 

East South Central 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain 

See footnotes at end of table. 

638 2,795 2,203 2,488 

1 

1 

3,206 -77.2 

614 2,783 2,183 2,487 3,206 -77.9 

- - - - 34 -

23 54 19 - - -58.1 

592 

2 

2 

2,297 

592 2,729 2,164 2,487 3,172 -78.3 

2 

2 

2,297 1,940 1,867 1,727 1,988 

6 

18.4 

57 83 23 52 

6 

348 -31.4 

41 73 23 16 33 -43.9 

16 10 * 36 315 57.7 

2,240 1,857 1,841 1,612 1,627 20.6 

196 130 94 71 74 50.5 

1,869 1,601 1,569 1,389 1,356 16.7 

175 126 178 152 198 38.9 

54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 54,201 -.4 

54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 54,201 -.4 

54,224 54,447 54,243 55,016 54,201 -.4 

364,083 339,676 338,508 328,547 314,005 7.2 

855 797 811 783 747 7.3 

855 797 811 783 747 7.3 

855 797 811 783 747 7.3 

12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 11,939 -2.3 

12,138 12,418 12,933 11,446 11,939 -2.3 

7,566 7,441 7,869 7,275 7,795 1.7 

4,572 4,977 5,064 4,171 4,137 

7 

-8.1 

142 23 57 22 -100.0 

- 142 23 57 22 -100.0 

- 142 23 57 22 -100.0 

20,338 18,195 17,132 18,019 16,866 11.8 

-33.2 

-33.8 

-34.3 

3.7 

-36.4 

5.1 

-52.5 

8.3 

27.7 

8.4 

-3.1 

3.8 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

.4 

.4 

-.7 

2.5 

4.8 

2,471 1,322 1,033 621 326 86.9 66.0 

1,246 518 460 11 60 140.7 113.8 

978 794 573 591 266 23.3 38.5 

- - * 20 - - -

246 10 - - - NM -

871 1,013 445 638 233 -14.0 39.0 

135 122 - 28 12 10.4 83.3 

90 298 - 187 - -69.7 -

8 - - 62 * - 99.1 

566 526 386 301 62 7.7 74.1 

72 67 59 60 159 7.7 -18.1 

44 181 - - - -75.5 -

- 181 - - - -100.0 -

44 - - - - - -

711 - - - - - -

170 - - - - - -

541 - - - - - -

2,628 2,250 2,267 2,461 2,209 16.8 4.4 

121 - 58 56 17 - 64.6 

2,507 2,250 2,208 2,404 2,192 11.4 3.4 

13,497 13,369 13,229 14,135 13,937 1.0 -.8 

98 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Colorado (Continued) 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific 

California 

Washington 

Montana 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Minnesota 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Georgia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

Mountain 

Colorado 

Montana 

Nevada 

Wyoming 

Pacific 

Oregon 

Washington 

New Mexico 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Missouri 

West South Central 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain 

Arizona 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Pacific 

California 

North Dakota 

East North Central 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Minnesota 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Mountain 

Montana 

Utah 

East North Central 

Illinois 

S ee footnotes at end of table. 

117 226 868 1,158 805 -48.1 

11,181 11,241 10,911 10,703 10,762 -.5 

- - 12 22 19 -

- - 6 1 - -

514 169 - 41 8 205.3 

84 69 64 64 64 21.1 

1,598 1,604 1,300 2,077 2,233 -.4 

3 60 67 69 45 -95.3 

80 60 158 161 159 32.5 

33 24 107 104 87 37.4 

47 37 50 58 72 29.4 

35,795 38,804 37,812 37,294 37,073 -7.8 

15,841 15,717 16,771 17,052 16,528 .8 

3,295 3,013 3,203 2,651 2,880 9.4 

433 451 725 573 352 -3.9 

10,055 10,376 10,838 11,795 11,181 -3.1 

2,057 1,878 2,005 2,033 2,115 9.6 

9,411 

1 

8,852 

9,411 9,152 10,243 10,400 9,780 2.8 

1 

8,852 8,566 9,668 9,920 9,408 3.3 

136 142 150 131 109 -4.4 

422 444 425 349 264 -5.0 

- - - - 53 -

- - - - 53 -

178 84 105 - * 111.9 

178 82 105 _ _ 116.1 

- 2 - - - -100.0 

9,233 11,276 10,687 9,842 10,633 -18.1 

86 106 101 94 90 -18.6 

9,115 11,159 10,578 9,742 10,384 -18.3 

- - - - 57 -

31 11 8 6 102 177.6 

1,108 2,549 - - 55 -56.5 

355 1,835 - - - -80.6 

753 715 - - 55 5.3 

27,942 .24,823 22,378 23,380 22,650 12.6 

1,392 590 129 254 20 135.9 

- - - 211 20 -

1,392 590 129 43 - 135.9 

- - 8 18 - -

- - 8 18 - -

350 

5 

345 

350 216 182 143 145 62.1 

5 

345 216 182 143 145 59.8 

26,201 24,005 21,973 22,731 22,367 9.1 

11,263 9,175 8,843 7,499 7,224 22.8 

- - * - 32 -

14,938 14,829 13,130 15,232 15,111 .7 

- 12 87 233 118 -100.0 

- 12 87 233 118 -100.0 

32,372 

32,367 

30,215 

2,153 

19,283 

421 

207 

31,702 

31,702 

29,573 

2,129 

18,792 

233 

233 

29,741 

29,741 

1 

27,405 

2,335 

19,358 

10 

10 

29,206 

29,206 

2 

27,137 

2,067 

19,756 

29,860 

29,860 

2 

27,847 

2,011 

18,402 

2.1 

2.1 

2.2 

1.1 

2.6 

80.4 

-11.3 

-38.2 

1.0 

180.7 

6.9 

-8.0 

-50.0 

-15.8 

-21.8 

-9.8 

-.9 

-1.1 

3.4 

5.3 

-2.6 

-.7 

-1.0 

-1.5 

5.8 

12.5 

359.1 

-3.5 

-1.2 

-3.2 

-25.5 

112.0 

92.5 

5.4 

190.3 

24.5 

24.1 

4.0 

11.7 

2.0 

2.0 

2.1 

1.7 

1.2 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Utah (Continued) 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

South Atlantic 

Florida 

West Virginia 

West South Central 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Mountain 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific 

California 

Oregon 

Washington 

Washington 

Pacific 

Washington 

Wyoming 

New England 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Middle Atlantic 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

See footnotes at end of table. 

204 

10 

382 

382 

159 

155 

4 

15,456 

89 

14 

95 

42 

1,781 

13,418 

18 

2,843 

2,575 

123 

145 

4,621 

4,621 

4,621 

210,739 

14 

14 

80 

79 

32 

32 

15,289 

101 

34 

61 

42 

1,979 

13,035 

37 

3,143 

2,777 

113 

253 

5,020 

5,020 

5,020 

188,983 

16,632 

111 

19 

89 

34 

2,711 

13,605 

62 

2,708 

2,556 

2 

150 

4,894 

4,894 

4,894 

193,425 

17,080 

93 

66 

80 

38 

2,619 

14,107 

78 

2,607 

2,466 

2 

139 

4,893 

4,893 

4,893 

183,712 

48 380.1 

48 380.4 

* -46.9 

-

404.1 

-

391.1 

232 _ 

11 -

221 -

15,656 1.1 

94 -12.4 

16 -60.2 

74 57.3 

34 -2.2 

2,402 -10.0 

12,945 2.9 

92 -51.6 

2,465 -9.5 

2,318 -7.3 

2 8.5 

146 -42.5 

4,959 -7.9 

4,959 -7.9 

4,959 -7.9 

171,487 11.5 

67.9 

68.0 

2.0 

-.3 

-1.3 

-3.4 

6.4 

5.2 

-7.2 

.9 

-33.6 

3.6 

2.7 

200.2 

-1.8 

-1.8 

-1.8 

5.3 

243.3 

- * 

1 CO CO 

- - -100.0 -

_ • 1 CO CO _ _ -100.0 _ 

37,648 30,920 31,402 28,688 23,661 21.8 12.3 

7,593 4,417 4,394 3,534 3,476 71.9 21.6 

12,635 11,804 11,967 11,561 7,603 7.0 13.5 

4,487 2,948 2,762 2,373 1,087 52.2 42.5 

-

124 45 -1,409 -100.0 -

12,934 11,627 12,234 11,220 10,087 11.2 6.4 

61,641 52,269 53,239 51,682 48,474 17.9 6.2 

15,950 14,056 14,614 13,491 11,895 13.5 7.6 

16,484 13,526 14,016 15,731 14,057 21.9 4.1 

9,093 8,385 7,531 8,133 8,131 8.4 2.8 

10,815 7,958 7,976 5,912 6,438 35.9 13.8 

8,801 7,882 8,583 7,950 7,465 11.7 4.2 

5 5 * * 2 .4 24.9 

493 456 519 464 485 8.2 .4 

938 12 1,128 2,207 167 NM 54.0 

-

12 - - - -100.0 -

726 -1,128 2,205 167 -

44.4 

213 - -

2 

430 

- - -

317 156 991 

2 

430 69 103.6 46.2 

- - 115 217 47 - -

248 1 238 213 22 NM 82.8 

-

83 - - * -100.0 -

68 72 639 - _ -4.8 -

76,692 72,339 72,484 67,385 67,435 6.0 3.3 

10,826 11,571 12,268 10,898 11,437 -6.4 -1.4 

11,133 10,039 9,690 9,030 8,961 10.9 5.6 

16,726 16,733 15,489 13,920 12,522 * 7.5 

38,007 33,995 35.036 33,537 34,516 11.8 2.4 

100 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Wyoming (Continued) 

Mountain 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific 

California 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

New England 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

See footnotes at end of table. 

32,195 

5 

5,538 

32,195 33,165 32,177 31,850 30,894 -2.9 1.0 

5 

5,538 4,952 5,321 5,359 5,587 11.8 -.2 

343 393 455 424 384 -12.8 -2.8 

37 44 104 102 50 -15.6 -7.2 

753 802 797 575 554 -6.1 8.0 

-

586 216 4 50 -100.0 -

25,519 26,388 25,284 25,387 24,269 -3.3 1.3 

1,271 120 1,982 

58 

1,892 

1,439 

1 

1,059 

783 NM 12.9 

1,270 114 

1,982 

58 

1,892 

1,439 

1 

1,059 77 NM 101.5 

1 6 33 379 706 -75.8 -79.1 

883,934 897,267 885,882 919,589 882,034 -1.5 * 

4,141 7,717 6,276 5,558 6,491 -46.3 -10.6 

695 1,003 1,012 1,119 959 -30.7 -7.7 

405 866 209 105 252 -53.2 12.6 

1,840 4,634 3,737 3,284 3,891 -60.3 -17.1 

1,192 1,189 1,302 1,037 1,353 .2 -3.1 

3 5 4 5 27 -33.1 -41.2 

6 20 12 8 8 -70.9 -9.1 

64,421 73,087 69,990 77,427 74,850 -11.9 -3.7 

2,169 2,433 1,878 2,163 2,782 -10.9 -6.0 

10,950 13,977 13,666 14,978 14,169 -21.7 -6.2 

51,302 56,677 54,446 60,287 57,900 -9.5 -3.0 

196,343 201,713 202,545 214,175 199,286 -2.7 -.4 

34,433 31,186 33,031 32,461 30,146 10.4 3.4 

54,452 60,970 57,105 61,056 52,814 -10.7 .8 

30,041 30,363 32,046 34,474 32,918 -1.1 -2.3 

56,755 58,716 58,752 65,939 63,768 -3.3 -2.9 

20,662 20,477 21,611 20,245 19,639 .9 1.3 

116,337 113,921 115,949 117,270 113,727 2.1 .6 

18,950 16,988 18,212 18,336 16,446 11.5 3.6 

17,002 14,801 15,599 17,447 15,512 14.9 2.3 

18,166 17,224 18,051 18,590 18,028 5.5 .2 

19,921 24,207 24,602 24,734 25,396 -17.7 -5.9 

9,011 8,093 8,796 8,142 7,735 11.3 3.9 

30,642 30,022 27,831 27,490 28,113 2.1 2.2 

2,646 2,586 2,859 2,531 2,497 2.3 1.5 

141,701 145,219 143,809 157,243 148,804 -2.4 -1.2 

2,242 1,913 2,219 2,420 1,929 17.2 3.8 

51 50 66 69 60 1.8 -3.9 

21,446 24,351 23,378 24,396 23,845 -11.9 -2.6 

25,101 24,242 25,418 28,791 27,067 3.5 -1.9 

10,063 9,735 10,712 11,776 10,860 3.4 -1.9 

25,621 25,801 22,054 24,036 21,337 -.7 4.7 

11,749 11,338 11,332 11,100 12,485 3.6 -1.5 

16,084 14,915 15,159 14,332 14,115 7.8 3.3 

29,343 32,874 33,473 40,324 37,107 -10.7 -5.7 

97,057 92,761 89,160 94,255 88,549 4.6 2.3 

28,698 28,741 28,739 27,842 26,930 -.1 1.6 

35,461 33,497 31,656 38,401 34,895 5.9 .4 

3,421 3,965 3,966 4,098 3,448 -13.7 -.2 

29,477 26,559 24,799 23,914 23,276 11.0 6.1 

139,664 134,770 134,870 130,709 129,779 3.6 1.8 

11,094 11,807 12,481 11,069 11,651 -6.0 -1.2 

14,524 13,539 13,392 12,974 12,643 7.3 3.5 

18,777 18,362 17,136 15,388 13,994 2.3 7.6 

95,269 91,062 91,862 91,277 91,492 4.6 1.0 

109,200 110,007 108,329 107,137 105,498 -.7 .9 

19,039 16,944 17,691 16,025 15,918 12.4 4.6 

16,821 16,333 16,352 16,222 16,487 3.0 .5 

438 456 556 525 479 -3.9 -2.2 

9,194 11,245 10,924 9,883 10,481 -18.2 -3.2 

7,621 7,926 8,572 7,407 7,158 -3.9 1.6 

15,022 14,899 13,194 15,296 15,179 .8 -.3 

15,493 15,707 15,619 16,228 15,288 -1.4 .3 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and 

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region and State, 

and Destination Census Division 

and State 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

U.S. Total (Continued) 

Wyoming 

Pacific 

Alaska 

California 

Oregon 

Washington 

25,571 26,497 25,421 25,551 24,508 -3.5 1.1 

10,791 11,844 10,664 10,177 9,354 -8.9 3.6 

855 797 811 783 747 7.3 3.4 

2,608 2,955 2,833 2,861 2,556 -11.8 .5 

1,761 2,062 1,893 1,061 87 -14.6 112.4 

5,567 6,030 5,127 5,472 5,965 -7.7 -1.7 

* Data round to zero. 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report.' 

102 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States 

and Destination, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Alabama 5,888 5,931 7,012 8,190 8,743 -0.7 -9.4 

Albania - 22 63 70 - -100.0 

Argentina 351 170 223 283 744 106.6 -17.1 

Belgium & Luxembourg 952 856 1,074 1,411 2,027 11.3 -17.2 

Brazil 212 - 112 173 557 - -21.5 

Bulgaria 120 

China (Taiwan) 46 49 87 - 244 -6.3 -34.2 

France - - - 125 353 -

Hong Kong 89 

Italy * 138 443 429 - -100.0 

Japan 2,422 2,536 2,920 3,463 840 -4.5 30.3 

Morocco 43 

Netherlands -7 7 40 620 -100.0 

Romania 188 199 373 594 1,571 -5.4 -41.2 

South Africa, Rep of - 229 - - - -100.0 

Soviet Union 1 

Spain - - - 12 

Turkey 278 459 386 374 359 -39.4 -6.2 

United Kingdom 1,277 1,197 1,213 1,226 1,055 6.7 4.9 

Yugoslavia - - 29 - 359 -

Alaska 743 734 672 797 705 1.2 1.3 

Korea, Republic of 743 734 672 797 705 1.2 1.3 

Colorado 1,128 669 625 367 32 68.6 142.9 

Ireland 32 

Japan 918 669 625 367 - 37.3 

Korea, Republic of 209 ____ _ 

Illinois 670 1,242 1,263 370 488 -46.1 8.2 

Belgium & Luxembourg - 58 79 24 - -100.0 

Brazil - 298 249 79 - -100.0 

Canada - - 4 - 16 -

Denmark 45 -100.0 

Finland 2 

France 46 

Ireland 108 213 225 95 462 -49.1 -30.4 

Japan 109 53 59 6 9 107.0 88.5 

Korea, Republic of - 50 34 33 - -100.0 

Morocco 452 350 464 - - 29.3 

Netherlands 23 

Spain - - - 11 - -

United Kingdom - 175 148 42 - -100.0 

Venezuela - - - 11 - -

Kentucky 9,521 14,036 15,478 15,690 12,607 -32.2 -6.8 

Belgium & Luxembourg 601 651 973 1,255 351 -7.7 14.4 

Brazil 478 110 77 351 212 334.3 22.5 

Canada 1,416 2,078 1,560 1,727 1,538 -31.8 -2.0 

Chile 375 

China (Taiwan) 4,419 3,758 4,329 3,751 4,882 17.6 -2.5 

Denmark 40 193 779 521 187 -79.4 -32.1 

Finland 2 

France 446 1,764 2,304 459 303 -74.7 10.1 

Greece 91 

Honduras __«__ _ 

Iceland - 35 - 62 34 -100.0 

India 40 

Ireland 19 379 13 -94.9 

Italy 998 930 1,013 3,551 1,736 7.3 -12.9 

Jamaica 47 39 59 59 86 20.6 -14.0 

Japan 328 342 539 596 867 -4.1 -21.6 

Netherlands 294 2,229 1,649 1,308 1,032 -86.8 -27.0 

Norway 110 110 158 169 93 .2 4.3 

Portugal - - 183 - - -

Soviet Union 64 

Spain - 111 170 30 104 -100.0 

Sweden 238 514 343 270 404 -53.8 -12.4 

Turkey - 170 260 787 311 -100.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 103 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States 

and Destination, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Exporting State lgg 3 lgg 2 lgg l igg o ig8 g Change 

and Destination 1992-1993 

Kentucky (Continued) 

United Kingdom 86 581 835 706 - -85.2 

Yugoslavia - 42 79 90 52 -100.0 

Pennsylvania 5,508 6,440 7,303 6,884 10,455 -14.5 -14.8 

Argentina 46 - - 72 -10.6 

Australia ___** -

Belgium & Luxembourg - 91 305 244 303 -100.0 

Brazil 156 101 23 4 10 53.4 97.5 

Bulgaria 71 73 106 - - -4.0 

Canada 597 1,599 2,338 2,692 4,920 -62.7 -41.0 

Chile - 38 206 278 - -100.0 

China (Taiwan) ___*- -

Costa Rica - -100.0 

Croatia 45 

Denmark 187 1,456 794 1,193 933 -87.2 -33.1 

Dominican Republic 59 158 201 90 69 -62.6 -3.8 

Finland 56 

France 188 186 - 25 223 1.0 -4.2 

Germany 102 153 29 97 - -33.2 

Haiti - - - 11 

Honduras ___«_ -

Indonesia * -100.0 

Ireland 911 - - - 562 - 12.8 

Israel 940 1,101 986 496 393 -14.6 24.4 

Italy 164 - - - 302 - -14.1 

Japan 1,384 931 1,388 867 1,473 48.7 -1.6 

Korea, Republic of 91 

Malaysia - -100.0 

Mexico 18 3 -100.0 

Morocco - - 185 561 646 

Netherlands - 2 - 3 1 -100.0 

New Zealand ___*_ -

Norway 30 49 66 40 47 -37.4 -10.0 

Panama - -100.0 

Paraguay 3 -100.0 

Portugal 467 305 491 243 460 53.4 .4 

Qatar - -100.0 

Saudi Arabia *__»_ _ 

Sierra Leone ___•_ -

Singapore __«*_ _ 

Spain - - 129 - - -

Surinam * -50.0 

Sweden 1 -100.0 

Trinidad & Tobago 1 2 2- 1 -66.6 -9.7 

Turkey - - 11 8 - -

United Arab Emirates •____ _ 

United Kingdom 32 

Venezuela 15 39 39 12 28 -62.6 -14.8 

Yugoslavia - 134 - - - -100.0 

Utah 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,751 2,177 31.0 8.0 

Canada 346 

China (Taiwan) 849 721 506 560 658 17.7 6.6 

France - - - 16 - -

Hong Kong - 359 433 111 - -100.0 

Indonesia __*__ _ 

Japan 1,764 1,180 1,147 1,063 1,519 49.5 3.8 

Mexico «____ _ 

Virginia 14,251 17,224 18,105 19,174 14,733 -17.3 -.8 

Albania 20 43 

Algeria 466 665 427 409 256 -29.9 16.1 

Argentina 70 - 59 59 131 - -14.6 

Austria - - 104 265 - -

Belgium & Luxembourg 1,447 2,629 2,472 2,657 2,031 -45.0 -8.1 

Brazil _ 2,469 2,803 2,667 2,908 2,116 -11.9 3.9 

Bulgaria 328 214 349 - - 53.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 

104 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States 

and Destination, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Virginia (Continued) 

Canada 1,229 1,331 1,404 1,244 990 -7.6 5.6 

China (Taiwan) - - 13 - 126 -

Croatia 339 

Denmark -7 4 - 64 343 -100.0 

Egypt 316 297 182 125 - 6.2 

France 822 869 1,027 1,079 777 -5.5 1.4 

Germany 68 47 22 - - 46.0 

Iceland 34 

Ireland 12 

Italy 1,903 1,674 2,072 2,671 1,370 13.7 8.6 

Japan 403 710 474 1,444 345 -43.2 4.0 

Korea, Republic of 1,675 1,893 1,973 1,105 515 -11.6 34.3 

Netherlands 546 1,176 1,641 1,767 1,596 -53.5 -23.5 

Norway 31 29 

Portugal - 353 298 217 40 -100.0 

Romania - 180 61 458 904 -100.0 

Spain 1,782 1,352 1,343 1,688 1,698 31.8 1.2 

Sweden 96 - 45 

Turkey - - 470 97 273 

United Kingdom 389 902 745 641 1,102 -56.9 -22.9 

Yugoslavia - 54 108 206 76 -100.0 

West Virginia 33,159 50,806 53,792 48,733 36,082 -34.7 -2.1 

Albania - - 20 73 71 -

Algeria 218 

Argentina 110 149 113 309 139 -26.3 -5.8 

Austria - - - 10 155 

Belgium & Luxembourg 1,911 1,380 " 1,624 2,446 1,053 38.4 16.1 

Brazil 2,101 2,597 3,415 1,730 1,987 -19.1 1.4 

Bulgaria 535 546 440 90 57 -2.1 75.0 

Canada 4,108 8,911 7,464 6,992 5,444 -53.9 -6.8 

Chile - - 27 129 403 -

China (Taiwan) 117 250 229 782 473 -53.0 -29.4 

Croatia 52 151 - - - -65.2 

Denmark 140 2,116 3,638 1,748 1,252 -93.4 -42.2 

Egypt 499 491 510 560 346 1.5 9.6 

Finland 176 183 517 98 60 -4.0 30.6 

France 3,140 5,984 5,600 4,676 2,917 -47.5 1.9 

Germany 527 846 1,353 746 239 -37.7 21.9 

Greece - - - 30 126 -

Iceland - .7 5 - 19 -100.0 

Ireland 97 726 764 1,037 316 -86.6 -25.6 

Israel - 185 150 198 158 -100.0 

Italy 3,476 5,973 7,141 5,544 5,097 -41.8 -9.1 

Japan 4,437 5,388 5,050 5,259 5,704 -17.6 -6.1 

Korea, Republic Of 660 513 558 1,806 1,576 28.6 -19.5 

Morocco 66 150 182 185 280 -56.3 -30.4 

Netherlands 3,269 4,023 4,174 3,801 3,155 -18.8 .9 

Nigeria 36 

Norway - 13 - - 36 -100.0 

Pakistan 36 

Portugal 950 849 799 1,441 641 11.8 10.3 

Romania 598 332 621 615 2 80.2 318.7 

Slovenia 61 -100.0 

South Africa, Rep of 479 360 218 68 - 33.1 

Spain 1,371 1,610 1,840 1,735 909 -14.8 10.8 

Sweden 501 723 758 658 262 -30.8 17.5 

Turkey 1,137 1,261 707 962 590 -9.8 17.8 

United Kingdom 2,668 4,644 5,146 4,377 1,710 -42.5 11.8 

Yugoslavia - 385 730 629 652 -100.0 

Wyoming 974 1,277 982 674 78 -23.8 87.8 

Canada 20 62 

Japan * - * - 78 - -84.8 

Spain 974 1,277 791 - - -23.8 

Yugoslavia - -17 0 - - -

Unknown - - -61 2 - -

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those that exported over 900 thousand short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report," and coal export data presented in King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corp., Knoxville, Tennessee). 

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are 

based upon Form EIA-6. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 105 
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting 

States and Destination, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Alabama 5,841 5,789 6,476 7,724 8,723 0.9 -9.5 

Albania - 22 63 70 - -100.0 

Argentina 351 170 223 283 744 106.6 -17.1 

Belgium & Luxembourg 952 856 1,074 1,411 2,027 11.3 -17.2 

Brazil 212 - 112 173 557 - -21.5 

Bulgaria 120 - - - - -

China (Taiwan) 46 49 87 - 244 -6.3 -34.2 

France - 125 353 

Italy * 83 -50.0 

Japan 2,418 2,532 2,917 3,456 840 -4.5 30.3 

Netherlands 77 620 -100.0 

Romania 188 199 373 594 1,571 -5.4 -41.2 

South Africa, Rep of - 229 - -100.0 

Soviet Union 1 

Spain - - - - 12 -

Turkey 278 459 386 374 359 -39.4 -6.2 

United Kingdom 1,277 1,197 1,213 1,154 1,035 6.7 5.4 

Yugoslavia 29 359 

Colorado - - - 290 32 - -100.0 

Ireland 32 

Japan - 290 - -

Illinois 109 614 546 237 10 -82.2 80.6 

Belgium & Luxembourg - 58 79 24 - -100.0 

Brazil - 298 249 79 - -100.0 

Finland 2 

France 46 

Japan 109 32 36 2 9 239.8 88.5 

Korea, Republic of - 50 34 33 - -100.0 

United Kingdom - 175 148 42 - -100.0 

Venezuela - - - 11 - -

Kentucky 3,310 4,971 4,354 7,104 4,846 -33.4 -9.1 

Belgium & Luxembourg 68 - 546 632 231 - -26.3 

Brazil 478 110 77 299 212 334.3 22.5 

Canada 1,356 1,373 1,125 1,106 1,447 -1.2 -1.6 

China (Taiwan) 171 139 198 237 411 23.1 -19.7 

France 122 202 23 125 57 -39.6 20.8 

Iceland - 35 45 34 -100.0 

India 40 

Italy 121 22 54 1,275 208 459.0 -12.7 

Japan 266 342 506 596 867 -22.1 -25.5 

Netherlands 294 1,613 866 877 375 -81.8 -5.9 

Norway 110 110 83 156 93 .2 4.3 

Soviet Union 64 

Spain - - 29 11 104 -

Sweden 238 514 287 270 404 -53.8 -12.4 

Turkey - 170 260 787 311 -100.0 

United Kingdom 86 299 156 598 - -71.3 

Yugoslavia - 42 79 90 52 -100.0 

Pennsylvania 1,919 1,266 1,331 522 1,813 51.6 1.4 

Argentina 46 

Belgium & Luxembourg 67 

Brazil 148 90 64.9 

Bulgaria 71 73 106 - - -4.0 

Canada 10 - 8 42 147 - -48.8 

Chile 38 -100.0 

Finland 56 

Honduras ___*_ _ 

Ireland - 121 

Italy 114 302 - -21.5 

Japan 1,384 931 1,217 448 1,104 48.7 5.8 

Korea, Republic of 91 

Portugal 72 

United Kingdom 32 

Yugoslavia - 134 - -100.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

106 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting 

States and Destination, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Utah - - - 190 * - -100.0 

France - - - 16 - -

Japan - - -17 4 * -

Virginia 13,512 14,021 14,404 16,435 12,871 -3.6 1.2 

Albania 20 43 

Algeria 466 665 427 409 256 -29.9 16.1 

Argentina 70 - 59 59 131 - -14.6 

Austria - - 104 265 - -

Belgium & Luxembourg 1,447 2,241 2,111 2,405 1,714 -35.4 -4.1 

Brazil 2,469 2,803 2,667 2,880 2,116 -11.9 3.9 

Bulgaria 328 214 349 - - 53.1 

Canada 1,229 -

China (Taiwan) - - 13 - 126 

Croatia 339 ____ _ 

Egypt 316 297 182 125 - 6.2 

France 822 785 871 992 753 4.7 2.2 

Germany 68 47 22 - - 46.0 

Iceland 34 

Italy 1,286 774 545 2,096 1,370 66.2 -1.6 

Japan 329 628 474 1,444 345 -47.6 -1.2 

Korea, Republic of 1,675 1,893 1,973 1,105 515 -11.6 34.3 

Netherlands 498 1,176 1,641 1,551 1.406 -57.7 -22.9 

Norway 31 29 

Portugal - 91 65 - 40 -100.0 

Romania - 180 61 458 904 -100.0 

Spain 1,782 1,270 1,337 1,688 1,698 40.3 1.2 

Sweden 96 - 45 

Turkey - - 470 97 273 

United Kingdom 389 902 745 585 1,102 -56.9 -22.9 

Yugoslavia - 54 108 206 76 -100.0 

West Virginia 27,627 35,353 35,891 29,995 27,031 -21.8 .5 

Albania - - 20 73 71 -

Algeria * - 218 

Argentina 110 149 113 309 139 -26.3 -5.8 

Austria - - - 10 155 

Belgium & Luxembourg 1,236 280 785 1,002 877 341.2 9.0 

Brazil 2,101 2.597 3,415 1,730 1,974 -19.1 1.6 

Bulgaria 535 546 440 90 57 -2.1 75.0 

Canada 4,071 8,021 7.351 5,067 5,165 -49.3 -5.8 

Chile - - 27 21 17 -

China (Taiwan) 117 250 229 252 180 -53.0 -10.1 

Croatia 52 151 - - - -65.2 

Denmark 38 

Egypt 499 491 510 560 346 1.5 9.6 

Rnland 176 183 388 98 60 -4.0 30.6 

France 2,695 3,253 3,194 2,574 1,859 -17.2 9.7 

Germany 237 278 403 265 110 -14.6 21.1 

Greece 40 

Iceland - 7 5 - 19 -100.0 

Italy 2,891 4.737 5,162 3,539 3.047 -39.0 -1.3 

Japan 4,079 5,019 4,560 4,918 5,622 -18.7 -7.7 

Korea, Republic of 660 513 558 1,778 1,556 28.6 -19.3 

Netherlands 2,280 2,860 2,251 1,519 1,613 -20.3 9.0 

Nigeria 36 

Norway - 13 - - 32 -100.0 

Pakistan 36 

Portugal 126 95 - 175 17 31.5 64.9 

Romania 598 332 490 615 - 80.2 

South Africa, Rep of 479 360 218 68 - 33.1 

Spain 1,255 1.372 1,568 1,534 859 -8.5 9.9 

Sweden 501 723 751 634 159 -30.8 33.2 

Turkey 1,137 1,261 707 962 590 -9.8 17.8 

United Kingdom 1,757 1,476 2,015 1,651 1,522 19.0 3.7 

Yugoslavia - 385 730 551 652 -100.0 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those that exported over 900 thousand short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report," and coal export data presented in King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corp., Knoxville, Tennessee). 

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are 

based upon Form EIA-6. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 107 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting 

States and Destination, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Exporting State 

and Destination 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Alabama 

Hong Kong 

Italy 

Japan 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

United Kingdom 

Alaska 

Korea, Republic of 

Colorado 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Illinois 

Canada 

Denmark 

Ireland 

Japan 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Spain 

Kentucky 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Brazil 

Canada 

Chile 

China (Taiwan) 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Greece 

Honduras 

Iceland 

Ireland 

Italy 

Jamaica 

Japan 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Spain 

Sweden 

United Kingdom 

Pennsylvania 

Argentina 

Australia 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Brazil 

Canada 

Chile 

China (Taiwan) 

Costa Rica 

Croatia 

Denmark 

Dominican Republic 

France 

Germany 

Haiti 

Indonesia 

Ireland 

Israel 

Italy 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Mexico 

See footnotes at end of table. 

47 

4 

43 

743 

743 

1,128 

918 

209 

561 

108 

452 

6,212 

533 

60 

4,248 

40 

2 

324 

19 

877 

47 

61 

3,589 

7 

587 

45 

187 

59 

188 

102 

911 

940 

50 

142 

138 

4 

5,175 

91 

12 

1,599 

1,456 

158 

186 

153 

1,101 

536 

89 

443 

3 

734 672 

734 672 

669 625 

669 625 

629 717 

- 4 

45 -

213 225 

21 24 

350 464 

9,065 11,124 

651 427 

705 435 

3,620 4,131 

193 779 

1,561 2,281 

- 91 

- * 

379 13 

908 959 

39 59 

- 33 

616 783 

- 75 

- 183 

111 140 

- 56 

282 679 

18 

5,972 

305 

23 

2,330 

206 

794 

201 

29 

986 

171 

3 

466 

346 

7 

40 

72 

797 

797 

77 

77 

133 

95 

4 

23 

11 

8,586 

623 

52 

621 

3,513 

521 

333 

17 

2,276 

59 

430 

13 

19 

107 

6,362 

244 

4 

2,650 

278 

1,193 

90 

25 

97 

496 

419 

20 

20 

246 

1,528 

86 

657 

-66.9 

-100.0 

1.7 

705 1.2 

705 1.2 

_ 68.6 

- 37.3 

478 -10.9 

16 -

- -100.0 

462 -49.1 

- -100.0 

: 

29.3 

7,760 -31.5 

120 -18.1 

91 -91.5 

375 -

4,472 17.4 

187 -79.4 

-79.3 

-94.9 

-3.4 

20.6 

-100.0 

- -100.0 

- -100.0 

8,642 

72 

-30.6 

236 

10 

4,773 

-100.0 

-35.9 

-63.3 

-100.0 

933 -87.2 

69 -62.6 

223 1.0 

- -33.2 

11 -

- -100.0 

441 -

393 -14.6 

369 _ 

- -100.0 

- -100.0 

24.2 

1.3 

1.3 

4.1 

-30.4 

-5.4 

45.3 

-9.9 

-1.3 

-32.1 

7.1 

-13.0 

-14.0 

-19.7 

-7.6 

-40.8 

-33.1 

-3.8 

-4.2 

19.9 

24.4 

108 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting 

States and Destination, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Pennsylvania (Continued) 

Morocco - - 185 561 646 

Netherlands - 2 - 3 1 -100.0 

New Zealand ___*_ _ 

Norway 30 49 66 40 47 -37.4 -10.0 

Panama - -100.0 

Paraguay 3 -100.0 

Portugal 467 305 491 243 388 53.4 4.8 

Qatar - -100.0 

Saudi Arabia *__*_ _ 

Sierra Leone ___*_ _ 

Singapore __**_ _ 

Spain - - 129 - - -

Surinam * -50.0 

Sweden 1 -100.0 

Trinidad & Tobago 1 2 2- 1 -66.6 -9.7 

Turkey - - 11 8 - -

United Arab Emirates *____ _ 

United Kingdom «_•__ _ 

Venezuela 15 39 39 12 28 -62.6 -14.8 

Utah 2,959 2,260 2,086 1,560 2,176 31.0 8.0 

Canada 346 ____ _ 

China (Taiwan) 849 721 506 560 658 17.7 6.6 

Hong Kong - 359 433 111 - -100.0 

Indonesia __•__ _ 

Japan 1,764 1,180 1,147 889 1,519 49.5 3.8 

Mexico •____ _ 

Virginia 739 3,203 3,700 2,740 1,863 -76.9 -20.6 

Belgium & Luxembourg - 388 361 252 317 -100.0 

Brazil 28 

Canada - 1,331 1,404 1,244 990 -100.0 

Denmark - 74 - 64 343 -100.0 

France - 85 156 87 23 -100.0 

Ireland - - 12 - - -

Italy 616 900 1,528 575 - -31.5 

Japan 74 81 - -9.2 

Netherlands 49 - - 216 189 - -28.7 

Portugal - 262 233 217 - -100.0 

Spain 82 7 -100.0 

United Kingdom 57 

West Virginia 5,532 15,453 17,900 18,739 9,051 -64.2 -11.6 

Belgium & Luxembourg 675 1,100 838 1,444 176 -38.7 39.9 

Brazil - - - 13 

Canada 37 890 113 1,925 279 -95.8 -39.7 

Chile - - - 108 386 -

China (Taiwan) - - - 530 293 

Denmark 140 2,116 3,638 1,748 1,213 -93.4 -41.8 

Finland - - 129 - - -

France 445 2,731 2,405 2,103 1,058 -83.7 -19.5 

Germany 290 569 950 480 128 -49.0 22.6 

Greece 30 86 

Ireland 97 726 764 1,037 316 -86.6 -25.6 

Israel - 185 150 198 158 -100.0 

Italy 585 1,236 1,979 2,005 2,050 -52.7 -26.9 

Japan 358 369 490 341 81 -3.0 44.9 

Korea, Republic ol - - - 28 19 -

Morocco 66 150 182 185 280 -56.3 -30.4 

Netherlands 989 1,163 1,922 2,282 1,542 -14.9 -10.5 

Norway 4 

Portugal 824 754 799 1,266 624 9.4 7.2 

Romania - - 131 - 2 -

Slovenia - 61 - -100.0 

Spain 116 237 272 201 50 -51.1 23.7 

Sweden - - 7 24 103 -

United Kingdom 911 3,168 3,131 2,727 189 -71.2 48.3 

Yugoslavia 78 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 109 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting 

States and Destination, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Wyoming 974 1,277 982 674 78 -23.8 87.8 

Canada 20 62 

Japan * - * - 78 - -84.8 

Spain 974 1,277 791 - - -23.8 

Yugoslavia - -17 0 - - -

Unknown - 612 -

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those that exported over 900 thousand short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report," and coal export data presented in King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corp., Knoxville, Tennessee). 

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are 

based upon Form EIA-6. 

110 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Alabama 6,115 

Alabama 5,630 

Arkansas 

Florida 165 

Georgia 

Mississippi 

Pennsylvania 312 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 8 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Alaska 635 

Alaska 635 

Foreign 

Arizona 7,566 

Arizona 7,566 

Nevada 

Arkansas 

Arkansas 

Missouri 

Oklahoma 

Colorado 15,653 

Arizona 92 

California 33 

Colorado 7,170 

Georgia 44 

Illinois 725 

Indiana 978 

Iowa 135 

Kansas 90 

Minnesota 8 

Mississippi 170 

Missouri 566 

Nebraska 72 

Nevada 514 

New Mexico 

Oklahoma 121 

Tennessee 541 

Texas 2,498 

Utah 1,598 

Washington 47 

Wisconsin 246 

Wyoming 3 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Illinois 19,315 

Alabama 

Arkansas 37 

Florida 139 

Georgia 

Illinois 8,785 

Indiana 4,392 

Iowa 1,231 

Kansas 179 

Kentucky 41 

Louisiana 

Minnesota 17 

Mississippi 

Missouri 4,137 

New York 

North Dakota 

Tennessee 65 

Virginia 

2,565 

2,316 

37 

32 

180 

512 

512 

15,203 

401 

4,624 

3,355 

448 

100 

182 

485 

21 

1,106 

1,509 

2,558 

30 

5,888 8,454 9,322 1,566 100 25,556 

- 2,316 9,204 1,566 - 18,716 

- - 9 - - 9 

- 37 • - - 202 

- - 1 - - 1 

- 32 100 - - 132 

- 180 - - - 492 

- - 4 - - 4 

- - 3 - - 3 

- - 1 - - 8 

- - - - 100 100 

5,888 5,888 - - - 5,888 

743 743 220 _ .. 1,598 

- - 220 - - 855 

743 743 - - - 743 

- _ _ 4,572 . 12,138 

- - - - - 7,566 

- - - 4,572 - 4,572 

. _ 25 _ - 25 

- - 12 - - 12 

- - 8 - - 8 

- - 5 - - 5 

1,128 1,640 4,129 9 35 21,465 

- - 25 - - 117 

- - - - - 33 

- - 4,010 - - 11,181 

- - - - - 44 

- 512 9 - - 1,246 

- - - - - 978 

- - - - - 135 

- - - - - 90 

8 

_ _ _ _ _ 170 

90 

8 

170 

- - - - - 566 

- - - - - 72 

- - - - - 514 

- - 84 - - 84 

- - - - - 121 

- - - - - 541 

- - - 9 - 2,507 

- - - - - 1,598 

- - - - - 47 

- - - - - 246 

3 

_ _ _ _ 35 35 

246 

3 

35 

1,128 1,128 - - - 1,128 

670 15,903 4,983 1,755 45 42,000 

- 401 * - - 401 

- - - - - 37 

- 4,624 19 - - 4,782 

- 3,355 - - - 3,355 

- 448 4,218 1,755 - 15,206 

- 100 49 - - 4,541 

- 182 120 - - 1,534 

- - - - - 179 

- 485 9 - - 535 

- 21 - - - 21 

- - 26 - - 43 

- 1,106 - - - 1,106 

- 1,509 381 - - 6,027 

2,558 158 2,780 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 111 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Illinois (Continued) 

Wisconsin 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Indiana 

Alabama 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Missouri 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Tennessee 

Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kansas 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

See footnotes at end of table. 

292 414 30 - 444 1 - - 736 

_ - - - - - - 45 45 

- - - 670 670 - - - 670 

14,087 4,796 380 188 5,365 9,534 591 87 29,664 

- 60 - - 60 - - - 60 

70 27 - - 27 - - - 96 

125 28 - - 28 - - - 153 

709 196 - - 196 657 - - 1,562 

12,248 2,070 213 - 2,283 8,791 591 - 23,913 

271 358 - - 358 17 - - 646 

- 18 - - 18 - - - 18 

- 1,261 - - 1,261 52 - - 1,313 

21 - - - - - - - 21 

27 - 156 - 156 1 - - 184 

_ 585 - - 585 * - - 585 

- 60 

1 

132 

- - 60 

1 

132 

- - - 60 

1 

_ 132 

60 

1 

132 _ _ 

60 

1 

132 _ _ _ 

60 

1 

132 

_ - - - - 15 - - 15 

616 - 12 - 12 - - - 626 

_ - _ - - - - 87 87 

- - - 188 188 - - - 188 

_ _ _ _ _ 175 _ _ 175 

- - - - - 175 - - 175 

71 _ _ _ _ 274 _ _ 345 

_ - _ - - 167 - - 167 

71 - - - - 107 - - 178 

93,073 36,215 3,539 11,236 50,990 14,475 289 1,568 160,395 

1,312 2,708 - - 2,708 61 - - 4,081 

- - - - - 12 - - 12 

* - - 576 576 - - - 576 

27 - - - - - - - 27 

16 - - - - - - - 16 

8,876 4,181 - 1,266 5,446 27 - - 14,350 

13,919 165 - - 165 79 - - 14,163 

1,762 1,083 32 - 1,115 114 - - 2,992 

1,632 3,540 - - 3,540 130 - - 5,303 

- 242 - - 242 1 - - 242 

11,108 6,141 - - 6,141 10,596 289 2 28,136 

- 104 - - 104 - - - 104 

17 - - 364 364 - - - 380 

513 - - 446 446 - - - 958 

37 * - 28 28 5 - - 71 

6,952 226 1,284 - 1,509 424 - - 8,885 

13 61 82 - 143 * - - 156 

1,532 209 - - 209 - - - 1,741 

29 407 - - 407 - - - 436 

64 - - 14 14 - - - 79 

61 - - - - - - - 61 

1,165 5 - - 5 19 - - 1,188 

13,187 - - - - 304 - - 13,491 

5,374 

4 

541 

5,374 4,612 170 - 4,782 1,284 - - 11,440 

4 

541 1,783 _ _ 1,783 105 _ _ 2,429 

9,812 30 - - 30 120 - - 9,962 

8,871 9,926 - - 9,926 765 - - 19,562 

5,872 127 - 437 564 236 - - 6,672 

209 559 - - 559 166 - - 934 

143 107 582 - 689 26 - - 858 

- - - - - - - 1,565 1,565 

24 - 1,390 8,106 9,496 2 - - 9,521 

112 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Kentucky, Eastern 82,762 

Alabama 1,204 

Connecticut * 

Delaware 27 

District of Columbia 16 

Florida 8,800 

Georgia 13,919 

Illinois 1,620 

Indiana 1,502 

Iowa 

Kentucky 3,091 

Louisiana 

Maine 17 

Maryland 513 

Massachusetts 37 

Michigan 6,952 

Minnesota 13 

Mississippi 1,532 

Missouri 29 

New Hampshire 64 

New Jersey 61 

New York 1,165 

North Carolina 13,187 

Ohio 5,357 

Oregon 4 

Pennsylvania 541 

South Carolina 9,812 

Tennessee 7,161 

Virginia 5,872 

West Virginia 209 

Wisconsin 36 

Unknown State 

Foreign 24 

Kentucky, Western 10,311 

Alabama 109 

Arkansas 

Florida 76 

Illinois 142 

Indiana 131 

Iowa 

Kentucky 8,017 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Ohio 17 

Pennsylvania 

Tennessee 1,711 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 108 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Louisiana 

Louisiana 

Missouri 

Maryland 2,151 

Delaware 37 

Maryland 491 

Massachusetts 11 

Pennsylvania 

West Virginia 1,612 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

17,852 3,531 10,752 32,136 8,638 

1,056 - - 1,056 61 

- - 576 576 -

1,509 : 985 2,494 16 

165 - - 165 79 

638 32 - 670 43 

468 - - 468 104 

25 - - 25 * 

2,111 - - 2,111 4,938 

104 - - 104 -

- - 364 364 -

- - 446 446 -

* - 28 28 5 

206 1,276 - 1,482 424 

29 82 - 111 * 

199 - - 199 -

305 - - 305 -

- - 14 14 -

5 _ _ 5 19 

- - - - 304 

4,484 170 - 4,654 1,284 

1,783 _ _ 1,783 105 

30 - - 30 120 

3,945 - - 3,945 705 

127 - 437 564 236 

558 - - 558 166 

107 582 - 689 26 

- 1,390 7,902 9,292 2 

18,363 8 484 18,854 5,837 

1,652 - - 1,652 -

- - - - 12 

2,672 - 280 2,952 11 

446 - - 446 71 

3,073 - - 3,073 26 

217 - - 217 1 

4,030 - - 4,030 5,657 

20 8 - 28 -

32 - - 32 -

10 - - 10 _ 

102 - - 102 -

128 - - 128 -

5,980 _ _ 5,980 60 

1 - - 1 -

1,502 

515 

515 

204 

295 

204 

286 

1,500 

66 

286 

66 

295 

- 460 2,643 

- 460 2,643 

809 594 -

- 329 -

_ 19 _ 

515 247 -

295 _ _ 

18 

18 

125,041 

2,320 

576 

27 

16 

11,311 

14,163 

2,333 

2,074 

25 

10,145 

104 

380 

958 

71 

8,857 

124 

1,731 

334 

79 

61 

1,188 

13,491 

11,294 

4 

2,429 

9,962 

11,811 

6,672 

932 

751 

1,500 

9,318 

35,354 

1,761 

12 

3,039 

659 

3,229 

217 

17,990 

28 

32 

10 

102 

146 

7,751 

1 

108 

66 

204 

3,103 

3,103 

3,572 

37 

820 

11 

19 

2,373 

18 

295 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 113 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Missouri 54 

Kansas 

Missouri 52 

Oklahoma 2 

Unknown State 

Montana 21,318 

Colorado 86 

Illinois 3,295 

Indiana 433 

Iowa 1 

Michigan 3,957 

Minnesota 8,833 

Mississippi 178 

Montana 791 

Nebraska 136 

North Dakota 422 

Oregon 355 

Washington 753 

Wisconsin 2,057 

Wyoming 10 

Unknown State 

Foreign 11 

New Mexico 22,420 

Arizona 11,263 

New Mexico 9,416 

Oklahoma 5 

Texas 345 

Wisconsin 1,392 

North Dakota 2,566 

Montana 

North Dakota 414 

South Dakota 2,153 

Wisconsin 

Unknown State 

Ohio 2,221 

Alabama 

Connecticut 

Delaware 14 

Illinois 

Indiana 200 

Iowa 5 

Kentucky 

Massachusetts 17 

Michigan 41 

Missouri 

New York 40 

Ohio 1,873 

Pennsylvania 16 

Tennessee 

West Virginia 15 

Unknown State 

Oklahoma 11 

Arkansas 

California 

Kansas 

Missouri 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Unknown State 

Foreign 11 

Pennsylvania 24,549 

6,157 

6,098 

16 

67 

388 174 

23 

365 174 

6,225 334 8,014 

6,098 

16 

43 67 110 

8,042 

151 

48 

21 

3 

3 

6,175 

711 

55 

874 

16 

16 

7,860 621 5,119 

8,059 11,278 

151 -

- 34 

_ 74 

48 13 

21 8 

16 417 

3 13 

3 9 

6,175 9,971 

711 609 

55 26 

874 104 

_ 2,297 

- 196 

_ 41 

- 16 

- 1,869 

-

175 

13,600 16,367 

22 

22 

25 

309 8,014 

21 

25 

5,522 

5,522 

4,678 25,123 

4,678 25,123 

6,352 

4 

405 

6,352 

405 

1 

3,944 531 

638 

23 

591 

2 

22 

35,916 

86 

3,295 

433 

1 

10,055 

8,852 

178 

9,115 

136 

422 

355 

753 

2,057 

31 

25 

121 

27,942 

11,263 

14,938 

5 

345 

1,392 

32,372 

30,215 

2,153 

28,315 

151 

48 

274 

67 

29 

17 

474 

16 

52 

24,370 

1,336 

81 

993 

405 

2,309 

196 

41 

16 

1,869 

175 

1 

11 

58,990 

See footnotes at end of table. 

114 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Pennsylvania (Continued) 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District ol Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 2, 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 1, 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 5, 

North Carolina 

North Dakota 

Ohio 1, 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 11, 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Pennsylvania Anthracite 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

46 46 

3 -

* _ 

246 -

6 _ 

* _ 

• _ 

37 19 

344 160 

28 103 

20 222 

8 -

4 -

060 -

308 -

402 -

3 -

* 3 

102 -

• _ 

2 -

658 -

153 -

,041 

,627 

188 

425 

13 

28 

18 

8 

12 

16 

197 

453 

1,779 159 

g -

sg2 3,612 

11 _ 

8 494 

2 -

240 -

1 -

* 5 

51 963 

3g4 -

19 1 

160 6 

103 * 

_ * 

222 * 

- " 

- 7 

- 315 

- 46 

197 8 

_ * 

3 -

- 2 

-

9 

- 20 

_ * 

453 912 

_ . 

1,938 302 

- * 

3,612 14,302 

- 3 

494 

106 

158 

- - 5 

- 5 38 

- 963 306 

- 106 1 

5,119 5,277 43 

98 99 2,040 

- - 1 

12 

11 

3,944 

628 

525 

138 

48 

3 

13 

262 

56 

510 

131 

243 

8 

11 

2,375 

354 

1,607 

3 

3 

104 

2 

666 

173 

6,406 

3,867 

9 

33.456 

3 

11 

512 

3 

240 

6 

43 

1,321 

501 

525 

5,508 

3,331 

3 

3 

13 

11 

14 

5 

28 

18 

8 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 115 

^?-sr* T. rrr~ -
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Pennsylvania Anthracite (Continued) 

Maine 2 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 4 

Michigan * 

Minnesota 3 

Mississippi * 

Missouri 

Montana * 

Nebraska 2 

New Hampshire 1 

New Jersey * 

New Mexico 

New York 29 

North Carolina * 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma * 

Oregon 9 

Pennsylvania 91 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 11 

Tennessee 4 

Texas 2 

Utah 

Vermont 1 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin * 

Wyoming * 

Unknown State 

Foreign 188 

Pennsylvania Bituminous 24,123 

Alabama 

Connecticut 

Delaware 246 

Illinois 24 

Indiana 344 

Iowa 

Kentucky 2 

Maine 2 

Maryland 2,060 

Massachusetts 305 

Michigan 1,402 

Mississippi 

Missouri 102 

New Hampshire 656 

New Jersey 153 

New York 5,012 

North Dakota 

Ohio 1,627 

Pennsylvania 11,502 

Tennessee 4 

Texas 

Utah 240 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 51 

Wisconsin 394 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Tennessee 1,658 

7,859 

46 

19 

160 

103 

222 

621 

197 

453 453 

1,778 

3,612 

494 

159 

5 

963 

106 

_ 158 

6 

4 

20 

9 

20 

150 

17 

1,701 

3 

- - 4 

- - 14 

- - 18 

- - 1 

- - * 

98 98 30 

5,021 13,500 14,326 

- 46 -

_ _ * 

- - 6 

- 19 -

- 160 2 

- 103 -

- 222 -

_ - * 

- - 311 

- - 25 

- 197 8 

- 3 -

763 

5,021 

592 

1,937 

3,612 

494 

284 

12,601 

5 

963 

106 

25 

288 

5,179 13 

592 268 

628 

3,316 

3,316 

8 

4 

24 

3 

2 

2 

10 

20 

179 

19 

- 9 

- 2,420 

- 3 

- 11 

- 14 

- 3 

_ « 

- 6 

- 14 

- 18 

- 1 

_ • 

138 138 

- 316 

393 55,659 

- 46 

_ 252 

- 43 

- 505 

- 103 

- 225 

- 2 

- 2,372 

- 330 

- 1,607 

- 3 

- 102 

- 656 

- 153 

- 6,228 

_ • 

- 3,848 

6 31,036 

- 498 

_ 240 

_ * 

- 29 

- 1,302 

- 500 

387 387 

- 5,192 

59 2,577 

See footnotes at end of table. 

116 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Tennessee (Continued) 

Alabama - 592 

Georgia 105 

Indiana 

Kentucky 122 

North Carolina 89 

South Carolina 3 

Tennessee 1,340 

Virginia 

Unknown State 

Texas 22,693 

Texas 22,693 

Utah 10,631 300 

Arizona 87 

California 2,554 

Colorado 10 

Florida - 104 

Idaho 1 

Illinois 11 196 

Indiana 204 

Missouri 382 

Montana 2 

Nebraska 

Nevada 1,648 

Ohio 

Oregon 122 

Utah 5,120 

Washington 144 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Unknown State 

Foreign 346 

Virginia 23,485 

Alabama 887 

Colorado 

Delaware 155 

Florida 457 

Georgia 3,496 

Illinois 28 

Indiana 1,998 

Kentucky * 

Maryland 8 

Michigan 48 

New Jersey 127 

New York 108 

North Carolina 5,806 

Ohio 746 

Pennsylvania 904 

South Carolina 1,654 

Tennessee 2,072 

Texas 2 

Utah 103 

Virginia 4,469 

West Virginia 227 

Wisconsin 35 

Unknown State 

Foreign 158 

Washington 

Washington 

Foreign 

West Virginia 52,740 36,070 

592 

99 

10 

1,639 

213 

47 

10 

1,360 

19 

141 

129 

- - 7 -

-

-

162 -

- - 13,965 

13,965 

17,566 

17,566 

2,664 2,974 5,923 

1 

20 

3 

94 

2,692 

I 1 CM 1 1 I 

in 

155 

196 

5,923 

1 

20 

3 

94 

i i i i i i 

- - 40 

~ 

- - 133 -

i i i i i i 

1 O 1 1 1 1 

1 

5,606 

2 

4 

18 

2,692 

2,613 2,613 • -

13,484 16,482 572 943 

702 

604 

73 

1,072 

4,118 

1 1 1 1 

232 

47 

1 

i i i i 

232 

141 

232 -

-

-

129 

702 

61 

9 

66 

-

230 230 

604 

73 

434 

1 

943 

13,021 14,093 • -

93 

93 

93 

93 

104 

103 

1 

4,518 

4,518 

31,844 72,031 6,446 3,380 

- 592 

- 204 

- 122 

- 96 

- 3 

- 1,501 

59 59 

- 54,224 

- 54,224 

23 22,243 

- 89 

- 2,575 

- 14 

- 155 

- 95 

- 207 

- 204 

- 382 

- 42 

- 1,781 

_ 123 

- 13,418 

- 145 

- 4 

- 10 

- 18 

23 23 

- 2,959 

155 41,639 

- 887 

_ 155 

- 457 

- 3,496 

- 260 

- 2,045 

- 1 

- 8 

- 188 

- 359 

- 108 

- 5,866 

- 875 

- 1,607 

- 1,663 

- 2,138 

- 2 

- 103 

" 6,076 

- 832 

- 108 

155 155 

- 14,251 

- 4,714 

- 4,621 

- 94 

220 135,818 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 117 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State Railroad 

River 

Water 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

West Virginia (Continued) 

Alabama 2,790 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 1,629 

District of Columbia 23 

Florida 314 

Georgia 2,667 

Illinois 843 

Indiana 2,653 

Iowa 24 

Kentucky _ 1,590 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 4,076 

Massachusetts 835 

Michigan 3,636 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 21 

New Hampshire 418 

New Jersey 1,239 

New York 2,987 

North Carolina 6,139 

Ohio 4,277 

Oklahoma 9 

Pennsylvania 3,585 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 63 

Tennessee 65 

Utah 135 

Virginia 2,663 

West Virginia 8,713 

Wisconsin 479 

Unknown State 

Foreign 868 

West Virginia, Northern 12,926 

Alabama 

California * 

Delaware 1,012 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Illinois 32 

Indiana 216 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maryland 3,276 

Massachusetts 612 

Michigan 85 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

New Hampshire 389 

New Jersey 1,127 

New York 1,232 

Ohio 599 

Pennsylvania 955 

Tennessee 

Virginia 231 

West Virginia 3,136 

Wisconsin 24 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

West Virginia, Southern 39,814 

972 972 3,762 

- - 106 106 -

36 - - 36 49 

- - - - 12 

458 - 626 1,083 -

290 - - 290 -

1,172 - - 1,172 * 

910 - - 910 54 

45 - - 45 -

3,050 - - 3,050 193 

156 - - 156 -

- - 14 14 -

189 - 1,331 1,520 94 

260 - 257 517 1 

228 293 - 522 3 

3 - - 3 9 

92 - - 92 -

122 - - 122 54 

- - 29 29 -

98 - 240 338 -

105 39 - 144 64 

5 - - 5 23 

11,085 117 - 11,202 665 

39 - - 39 -

7,759 - 10 7,769 609 

31 _ _ 31 13 

2,092 - - 2,092 -

300 _ 138 437 178 

6,336 - - 6,336 4,425 

238 472 - 710 1 

- 3,197 29,094 32,291 -

12,245 1,150 2,733 16,128 4,198 

27 - - 27 -

36 _ _ 36 49 

- - - - 12 

408 - 173 580 -

12 - - 12 -

128 _ _ 128 2 

154 - - 154 -

- - 944 944 94 

1 

_ 28 _ 28 

94 

1 

5 - - 5 -

- - - - 54 

98 _ 9 107 _ 

* 39 - 40 64 

2,863 - - 2,863 197 

5,718 - - 5,718 527 

589 - - 589 -

- - - - 75 

2,208 - - 2,208 3,124 

- 163 - 163 -

- 919 1,608 2,527 -

23,824 2,967 29,111 55,903 2,248 

3,380 

2,995 

2,995 

385 

- 106 

- 1.713 

- 35 

- 1,397 

- 2,958 

- 2,015 

- 3,617 

- 69 

- 4,833 

- 156 

- 14 

- 5,690 

- 1,352 

- 4,161 

- 11 

- 92 

- 196 

- 447 

- 1,576 

- 3,195 

- 6,167 

- 16,144 

- 48 

- 11,963 

_ 107 

- 2,157 

- 135 

- 3,277 

32 22,887 

- 1,190 

1,187 1,187 

- 33,159 

852 37,100 

- 27 

- 1,096 

- 12 

- 580 

- 44 

_ 216 

- 130 

- 154 

- 4,314 

- 613 

- 113 

_ 5 

_ 54 

_ 389 

- 1,234 

- 1,336 

- 3,659 

- 7,200 

- 589 

- 306 

* 11,464 

- 188 

851 851 

- 2,527 

368 98,718 

See footnotes at end of table. 

118 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

West Virginia, Southern (Continued) 

Alabama 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Unknown State 

Foreign 

Wyoming 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

North Dakota 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Unknown State 

See footnotes at end of table. 

2,790 946 - - 946 * - - 3,736 

• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * 

- - - 106 106 - _ - 106 

617 - - - - - - - 617 

23 - - - - - - - 23 

314 50 - 453 503 - - - 817 

2,667 290 - - 290 - - - 2,958 

810 1,161 - - 1,161 • - - 1,971 

2,437 910 - - 910 54 - - 3,401 

24 45 - - 45 - - - 69 

1,590 2,923 - - 2,923 191 - - 4,704 

- 2 - - 2 - - - 2 

- - - 14 14 - - - 14 

799 189 - 387 576 - - - 1,376 

222 260 - 257 517 * - - 739 

3,552 228 265 - 493 3 - - 4,048 

- 3 - - 3 9 - - 11 

- 87 - - 87 - - - 87 

21 122 - - 122 - - - 142 

29 - - 29 29 - - - 58 

111 - - 231 231 - - - 343 

1,755 104 - - 104 - - - 1,860 

6,139 5 - - 5 23 - - 6,167 

3,678 8,222 117 - 8,338 468 - - 12,485 

9 39 - - 39 - - - 48 

2,630 2,041 - 10 2,051 82 - - 4,763 

63 31 _ _ 31 13 _ _ 107 

65 1,503 - - 1,503 - - - 1,569 

135 - - - - - - - 135 

2,432 300 - 138 437 103 - - 2,971 

5,577 4,127 - - 4,127 1,301 385 32 11,423 

454 238 308 - 547 1 - - 1,002 

- - - - - - - 336 336 

868 - 2,277 27,487 29,764 - - - 30,632 

187,331 

5 

10,826 

8,182 878 974 10,034 3,268 11,057 22 211,713 

5 

10,826 

187,331 

5 

10,826 _ _ _ - _ _ _ 

211,713 

5 

10,826 

5,538 - - - - • - - 5,538 

726 - - - - - - - 726 

305 - - - - 37 - - 343 

7,593 - - - - - - - 7,593 

12,635 - - - - - - - 12,635 

15,540 410 - - 410 - - - 15,950 

16,484 - - - - - - - 16,484 

237 11 - - 11 - - - 248 

4,817 6,316 - - 6,316 - - - 11,133 

213 - - - - - - - 213 

14 - - - - - - - 14 

4,345 - 142 - 142 - - - 4,487 

8,357 - 736 - 736 - - - 9,093 

9,370 1,445 - - 1,445 - - - 10,815 

37 - - - - * - - 37 

8,801 - - - - * - - 8,801 

753 

5 

16,726 

- - - - - - - 753 

5 

16,726 

753 

5 

16,726 _ _ _ , _ _ _ 

753 

5 

16,726 

1,270 - - - - - - - 1,270 

- - - - - 493 - - 493 

68 - - - - - - - 68 

38,007 - - - -

1 

- - 38,007 

1 

12,934 _ _ _ - 12.934 

1 

_ _ 

38,007 

1 

12.934 

11,726 - - - - 2,736 11,057 - 25.519 

~ - - - - - - 22 22 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 119 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of 

Transportation, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Origin State and 

Destination State 

Railroad 

Water 

River 

Great 

Lakes 

Tidewater Total 

Truck 

Tramway, 

Conveyor, 

and Slurry 

Pipeline 

Unknown Total 

Wyoming (Continued) 

Foreign 

U.S. Total 530,343 122,490 

Alabama 10,621 7,245 

Alaska 635 

Arizona 19,013 

Arkansas 10,864 

California 2,587 

Colorado 12,808 

Connecticut 

Delaware 2,107 36 

District of Columbia 39 

Florida 10,027 9,430 

Georgia 21,082 3,839 

Idaho 306 

Illinois 23,787 3,840 

Indiana 37,718 6,826 

Iowa 17,235 1,388 

Kansas 16,753 18 

Kentucky 13,118 11,193 

Louisiana 4,825 6,597 

Maine 21 

Maryland 7,359 189 

Massachusetts 1,243 260 

Michigan 20,408 454 

Minnesota 17,230 64 

Mississippi 1,880 1,441 

Missouri 14,729 4,071 

Montana 831 

Nebraska 9,011 

Nevada 2,915 

New Hampshire 1,140 

New Jersey 1,579 98 

New Mexico 9,416 

New York 9,340 566 

North Carolina 25,221 5 

North Dakota 841 

Ohio 13,897 23,710 

Oklahoma 16,863 40 

Oregon 1,760 

Pennsylvania 16,950 14,748 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 11,542 60 

South Dakota 2,153 

Tennessee 13,031 15,258 

Texas 63,554 

Utah 7,195 

Vermont 1 

Virginia 13,004 432 

Washington 944 

West Virginia 10,826 9,851 

Wisconsin 18,588 832 

Wyoming 11,739 

Unknown State 

Foreign 1,607 

17,109 

974 

74,393 

682 

1,943 

51 

213 

378 

1,777 

285 

8,327 

834 

43 

472 

39 

574 

10 

805 

1,212 

5,859 67,999 

974 

213,993 

7,245 

682 

36 

11,373 

3,839 

3,892 

7,039 

1,388 

18 

11,193 

6,597 

378 

1,966 

545 

8,781 

897 

1,441 

4,071 

43 

570 

605 

5 

24,285 

40 

14,758 

60 

15,258 

1,236 

9,851 

2,043 

73,858 

115,601 

9,266 

220 

27 

230 

20 

4,014 

13 

99 

12 

47 

180 

132 

5,000 

9,105 

326 

231 

10,858 

460 

7 

738 

52 

852 

38 

100 

947 

349 

133 

9 

20 

5,606 

1,004 

395 

4,678 

12,221 

1,874 

1 

15,644 

3 

147 

493 

1,189 

14,140 

5,606 

5 

901 

106 

5,253 

30 

2,775 

46 

95,188 

1,566 

4,321 

1,755 

591 

289 

2,643 

174 

8,014 

4,572 

25,123 

6,352 

3,944 

17,574 

2,692 

943 

4,518 

3,380 

11,057 

32 

4,279 

974 

959,445 

28,698 

855 

19,039 

11,094 

2,608 

16,821 

695 

2,242 

51 

21,446 

25,101 

438 

34,433 

54,452 

18,950 

17,002 

35,461 

14,524 

405 

10,063 

1,840 

30,041 

18,166 

3,421 

19,921 

9,194 

9.011 

7,621 

1,192 

2,169 

15.022 

10,950 

25,621 

30,642 

56,755 

18,777 

1,761 

51,302 

3 

11,749 

2,646 

29,477 

95,269 

15,493 

6 

16,084 

5,567 

29,343 

20,662 

25,571 

4,279 

75,510 

Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

120 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Demand 

Domestic Markets 

In 1993, domestic coal consumption rose by nearly 4 

percent to 926 million short tons, a record level, led 

by a 4.3-percent increase in coal use at electric utility 

plants (Table 67). Electric utility coal consumption, 

which accounted for 88 percent of total U.S. coal consumption, totaled 814 million short tons, a record level 

and 34 million short tons more than in 1992 (Table 69). 

Major U.S. coal consumers in the electric utility, manufacturing, and coke sectors are presented in Table 66. 

Census Divisions reduced coal requirements in those 

regions. Above normal precipitation in Montana resulted in an increase in less expensive hydroelectric 

generation and a decrease in coal-fired generation. 

Coal consumption in Montana dropped 18 percent 

from 1992. A large increase in nuclear-powered generation in the New England and Middle Atlantic Census Divisions reduced the demand for coal in those 

regions. 

Coal Stocks 

Electric Utility Use 

Weather conditions were a major factor in determining 

the level of coal consumed by electric utilities in 1993. 

The weather also affected the delivery of coal to power 

plants. Weather conditions most notable in 1993, which 

affected coal, included an intense summer heatwave 

throughout the East and South, and severe flooding 

along the upper Mississippi and Missouri River Basins 

from June through August. 

The summer heatwave in the East and South was the 

main cause of record levels of electricity demand in 

July and August. Several electric utilities set all time 

summer peak levels. Typically electric utilities would 

have a comparable increase in coal receipts in August 

and September. However, this did not occur in 1993 

partly because of the United Mine Workers of America 

(UMWA) strike, extensive flooding in the Midwest 

which affected local and interstate rail and barge deliveries of coal, and a decision by some electric utilities 

to maintain a smaller inventory of coal than in the past. 

Most of the increase in electric utility coal consumption 

was in the East North Central and East South Central 

Census Divisions. In Illinois, off-system sales of electricity to neighboring States led to increases in coalfired generation. In Texas, a reduction in nuclearpowered generation, coupled with an intense summer 

heatwave, resulted in much greater use of coal. In Tennessee, a 79-percent decrease in nuclear-powered generation resulted in an increase in coal use. 

On the other hand, double-digit increases in hydroelectric generation in both the Mountain and the Pacific 

Consumer coal stocks fell to 120 million short tons in 

1993 from 164 million short tons in 1992, primarily 

because of a 28-percent (43 million short tons) drop in 

coal inventories in the electric utility sector (Table 68). 

Among the reasons for the drop in electric utility coal 

stocks was a conscious decision by some electric utilities to reduce inventory costs. 

Delivery Problems 

A second reason for the decline in electric utility coal 

stocks was that the coal strike limited the available 

supply of coal, reduced or eliminated some shipments 

of coal under contract, and increased the price of spotmarket coal from Appalachia and the Interior coalproducing regions. To replace contract coal not delivered because of the strike, electric utilities could have 

relied on the spot-market for larger quantities of coal. 

However, many electric utilities did not want to pay 

higher prices on the spot-market to replenish coal 

stocks and thought that an end to the strike would 

bring lower prices. 

A third reason for the drop in stocks was the severe 

flooding in the Midwest during June through August 

which disrupted rail and barge delivery of western 

coal to this region and beyond. By the time the flood 

receded and the transportation network was repaired, 

delivery of western coal to many power plants was 

well behind schedule. During September through December 1993, congestion on the tracks and limited 

equipment prevented the railroads from delivering all 

of the western coal ordered by electric utilities in 1993. 

A fourth reason for the decline in electric utility stocks 

Energy Information Adminlstration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 121 

V«5ri>v .. . •r^WMim. "B«&-: -.ssss? 
was the record coal consumption in July and August. 

As a result, by year's end, coal stocks at electric utilities 

had decreased from 154 million short tons to 111 million short tons, the lowest year-end level since 1975. 

Other Use 

Coal consumption in 1993 at other industrial plants 

went up slightly, 1 percent, from the 1992 level (Table 

71). However coal consumption at manufacturing 

plants was close to its 1992 level. Increasing or steady 

coal consumption at manufacturing plants in the major 

coal-consuming industries (chemicals, stone, clay and 

glass) was offset by declining coal consumption in several other manufacturing industries. 

Coal consumption at coke plants declined 3 percent, 

from 32 million short tons in 1992 to 31 million short 

tons in 1993 (Table 73). Most of the decrease occurred 

at coke plants in Ohio and Indiana, where coal consumption declined by 1 million short tons in each State. 

The decline was offset partially by increased coal consumption at coke plants in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. 

Residential and commercial coal consumption in 1993 

was about the same as in 1992 (Table 75). Increases in 

coal consumption in the South Atlantic and West 

North Central Census Divisions were offset by decreases in coal consumption in the Middle Atlantic 

Census Division. 

Foreign Markets 

U.S. coal exports in 1993 totaled 75 million short tons, 

28 million short tons less than in 1992, and the lowest 

level since 1979 (Table 76). Some of the contributing 

factors to the drop in exports were weak international 

demand for steam coal; a restructuring of the European 

steel industry; and the UMWA strike. Coal exports 

from all of the major U.S. coal ports declined in 1993, 

led by a 29-percent drop in exports through the Norfolk, Virginia, Customs District (Table 79). 

U.S. metallurgical coal exports in 1993 amounted to 

50 million short tons, a decrease of 16 percent from 

1992 (Table 77). The largest decline, 20 percent, was 

in metallurgical coal shipments to Europe. In tonnage 

terms, there was no substantial increases in metallurgical coal exports to any of the importing countries. 

Total U.S. steam coal exports in 1993 were 25 million 

short tons, a drop of 42 percent from the 1992 level 

(Table 78). Most of the decline was due to a 59 percent 

fall in steam coal exports to Canada and a 55 percent 

drop in steam coal exports to Europe. However, steam 

coal exports to Asia, particularly Japan, increased 13 

percent. Steam coal accounted for 33 percent of total 

U.S. coal exports in 1993, down from 42 percent in 

1992. 

122 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Domestic Markets 

^looi^! PowerPl °

n t

 i" Montana. Over 813 million short tons'of coal were consumed by U.S. electric utilities 

in 1993, 88 percent of total domestic coal consumption. 

•*•-- ' * 0 « " ,3!7w~ ^fT.^K<^ '*rf,~'Z~ 
Figure 11. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1984-1993 

1200 

100 

E 

D 

O 

c 

o 

CO 

c 

o 

— 10 

Total Consumption 

Electric Utilities 

Other Industrial 

Coke Plants 

Residential/Commercial 

T T 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Sources : Energy Informatio n Administration , • Electric Utilities : Form EIA-759 , "Monthl y Power Plant Report. " 

• Coke Plants : Form EIA-5 , "Cok e Plant Report - Quarterly. " • Othe r Industrial : Form EIA-3 , "Quarterl y Coal 

Consumptio n Report - Manufacturin g Plants; " an d Form EIA —6, "Coa l Distributio n Report. " • Residentia l an d 

Commercial : Form EIA-6 , "Coa l Distributio n Report. " 

124 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1993 

Rank Company Name Plant Location 

Electric Utilities 

1 Tennessee Valley Authority (AL) (KY) (TN) 

2 Texas Utilities Electric Co. (TX) 

3 PacifiCorp (UT) (WA) (WY 

4 Georgia Power Co. (GA) 

5 The Detroit Edison Co. (Ml) 

6 Alabama Power Co. (AL) 

7 Houston Lighting & Power Co. (TX) 

8 Pennsylvania Electric Co. (PA) 

9 Basin Electric Power CoOp., Inc. (ND) (WY) 

10 Ohio Power Co. (OH) (WV) 

11 PSI Energy, Inc. (IN) 

12 Duke Power Co. (NC) (SC) 

13 Commonwealth Edison Co. (IL) 

14 Northern States Power Co. (MN) (Wl) 

15 Arizona Public Service Co. (AZ) (NM) 

16 Indiana & Michigan Power Co. (IN) 

17 Carolina Power & Light Co. (NC) (SC) 

18 Monongahela Power Co. (WV) 

19 Virginia Electric & Power Co. (VA) (WV) 

20 Southwestern Electric Power Co. (AR) (TX) 

21 Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement Power Dist. (AZ) 

22 Union Electric Co. (MO) 

23 Kansas City Power & Light Co. (KS) (MO) 

24 Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co. (OH) (KY) 

25 Arkansas Power & Light Co. (AR) 

26 Western Resources, Inc. (KS) 

27 Appalachian Power Co. (VA) (WV) 

28 Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. (OK) 

29 Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. (PA) 

30 Southwestern Public Service Co. (TX) 

31 Wisconsin Electric Power Co. (Wl) (Ml) 

32 The Montana Power Co. (MT) 

33 Public Service Co. of Colorado (CO) 

34 Midwest Power Co. (IA) 

35 Ohio Edison Co. (OH) 

36 The Dayton Power & Light Co. (OH) 

37 Cooperative Power Association (ND) 

38 Northern Indiana Public Service Co. (IN) 

39 Wisconsin Power & Light Co. (Wl) 

40 Consumers Power Co. (Ml) 

41 Pennsylvania Power Co. (PA) 

42 Tampa Electric Co. (FL) 

43 Lower Colorado River Authority (TX) 

44 Kentucky Utilities Co. (KY) 

45 Illinois Power Co. (IL) 

46 Indianapolis Power & Light Co. (IN) 

47 Cajun Electric Power CoOp., Inc. (LA) 

48 Louisville Gas & Electric Co. (KY) 

49 San Antonio Public Service Board (TX) 

50 Potomac Electric Power Co. (MD) (VA) 

51 Public Service Co. of New Mexico (NM) 

52 The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co. (OH) 

53 Florida Power Corp. (FL) 

54 Central Illinois Public Service Co. (IL) 

55 Big Rivers Rivers Electric Corp. (KY) 

56 SCANA Corp. (SC) 

57 Los Angeles Dept. of Water & Power (UT) 

58 Central Louisiana Electric Co., Inc. (LA) 

59 Tri-State Generation & Transmission Assn., Inc. (CO) 

60 West Penn Power Co. (PA) (WV) 

61 Nebraska Public Power Dist. (NE) 

62 South Carolina Public Service Authority (SC) 

63 Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. (MD) 

64 Southern California Edison Co. (NV) 

65 Cardinal Operating Co. (OH) 

66 Minnkota Power CoOp., Inc. (ND) 

67 Jacksonville Electric Authority (FL) 

68 Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp. (IN) 

69 New Nork State Electric & Gas Corp. (NY) 

70 Omaha Public Power District (NE) 

71 Minnesota Power & Light Co. (MN) 

72 Grand River Dam Authority (OK) 

73 Electric Energy, Inc. (IL) 

125 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1993 (Continued) 

Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers 

Aluminum Co. of America (IN) (OH) (TN) (TX) 

Archer Daniels Midland Co. (IA) (IL) (MN) (NE) 

Champion International Corp. (AL) (FL) (ME) (Ml) (MN) (NC) (NY) (OH) 

Dakota Gasification (ND) 

Eastman Kodak Co. (AR) (NY) (SC) (TN) (TX) 

E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co. (DE) (KY) (MS) (NC) (NJ) (SC) (TN) (VA) (WV) 

FMC Corp. (WV) (WY) 

General Motors Corp. (AL) (IL) (IN) (Ml) (MO) (NY) (OH) (Wl) 

Hoechst Celanese Corp. (SC) (TX) (VA) 

Westvaco Corp. (MD) (PA) (SD) (VA) 

Other Major Manufacturers 

A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co. (IL) (IN) (TN) 

Amalgamated Sugar Co. (ID) (OR) 

American Crystal Sugar Co. (MN) (ND) 

Applied Energy Services Inc. (PA) 

Cargill Inc. (GA) (IA) (MN) (NC) (OH) (TN) (VA) 

CPC International Inc. (IL) (NC) 

Dixie Cement Inc. (CA) (CO) (FL) (OH) (TN) 

Dow Chemical Co. (Ml) 

Elkem Metals Co. (OH) (WV) 

Florida Crushed Stone (FL) 

Fort Howard Corp. (GA) (OK) (Wl) 

G.E. Co. (IN) (KY) (PA) 

Georgia-Pacific Corp. (AR) (GA) (Ml) (VA) (Wl) 

Holnan Inc. (AL) (IA) (Ml) (MO) (MS) (MT) (SC) (UT) 

Inland Steel Industries Inc. (IN) 

International Paper Co. (AL) (LA) (PA) (SC) (Wl) 

Jefferson Smurfit Corp. (AL) (FL) (IL) (IN) (OH) 

Kerr-McGee Corp. (CA) 

LaFarge Corp. (AL) (KS) (Ml) (OH) (PA) (TX) 

Lehigh Portland Cement Co. (AL) (IA) (IN) (MD) (NY) 

Lone Star Industries Inc. (FL) (IL) (IN) (MO) (OK) (PA) (TX) 

Louisiana Gasification Tech. (LA) 

Marblehead Lime (IL) (IN) (Ml) 

Mead Corporation Monsanto Co. 

(AL) (IA) (ID) (IL) (MA) (WV) (Ml) (OH) (TN) (Wl) 

PPG Industries Inc. (WV) 

Scott Paper Co. (AL) (ME) (Ml) (PA) (Wl) 

Stone Container Corp (AZ) (FL) (Ml) (SC) (VA) 

Tenneco Inc. (OH) (TN) (WY) 

Union Camp Corp. (AL) (GA) (OH) (SC) (VA) 

Top Ten Coke Producers 

Armco Steel, L.P. (KY) (OH) 

Basic Manufacturing & Tech. (UT) 

Bethlehem Steel Corp. (IN) (NY) (PA) 

Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN) 

Drummond Company Inc. (AL) 

Elk River Resources Inc. (TN) 

Inland Steel Co. (IN) 

LTV Steel Company Inc. (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA) 

USX Corp. (IN) (PA) 

Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp. (OH) 

Note: Major electric utility coal consumers are companies that consumed more than 3.6 million short tons of coal in 1993. Major manufacturers are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. Companies are listed in alphabetical order. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, • Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." • Manufacturers: Form 

EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants." • Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 

126 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 6,485 

Connecticut 788 

Maine 449 

Massachusetts 3,811 

New Hampshire 1,428 

Rhode Island 3 

Vermont 6 

Middle Atlantic Total 70,389 

New Jersey 2,353 

New York 11,878 

Pennsylvania 56,158 

East North Central Total 210,632 

Illinois 38,135 

Indiana 60,353 

Michigan 32,217 

Ohio 59,031 

Wisconsin 20,897 

West North Central Total 120,940 

Iowa 19,188 

Kansas 17,386 

Minnesota 18,321 

Missouri 23,381 

Nebraska 9,666 

North Dakota 30,302 

South Dakota 2,696 

South Atlantic Total 150,580 

Delaware 2,446 

District of Columbia 51 

Florida 26,430 

Georgia 27,081 

Maryland 10,268 

North Carolina 25,760 

South Carolina 12,914 

Virginia 13,584 

West Virginia 32,046 

East South Central Total 104,027 

Alabama 33,047 

Kentucky 39,095 

Mississippi 4,030 

Tennessee 27,854 

West South Central Total 140,797 

Arkansas 11,447 

Louisiana 13,676 

Oklahoma 18,866 

Texas 96,809 

Mountain Total 110,673 

Arizona 18,991 

Colorado 17,070 

Idaho 528 

Montana 9,247 

Nevada 7,806 

New Mexico 15,012 

Utah 15,848 

Wyoming 26,171 

Pacific Total 11,422 

Alaska 863 

California 2,453 

Hawaii 73 

Oregon 2,099 

Washington 5,934 

U.S. Total 925,944 

7,298 7,012 6,771 7,021 5,989 -11.1 -2.0 0.9 

849 856 971 890 59 -7.1 -3.0 33.4 

856 374 265 271 200 -47.6 13.4 9.4 

4,257 4,451 4,337 4,641 4,403 -10.5 -4.8 -1.6 

1,311 1,315 1,186 1,183 1,263 8.9 4.8 1.4 

5 4 5 27 9 -33.1 -41.2 -10.1 

20 12 8 9 55 -70.9 -9.4 -22.2 

71,418 70,594 73,812 76,177 73,589 -1.4 -1.9 -.5 

2,348 2,326 3,029 3,545 3,196 .2 -9.7 -3.3 

12,996 13,338 13,465 14,105 11,895 -8.6 -4.2 * 

56,074 54,931 57,319 58,526 58,498 .1 -1.0 -.4 

200,660 208,583 209,619 205,586 198,280 5.0 .6 .7 

31,599 34,677 33,904 32,374 38,298 20.7 4.2 * 

58,765 60,790 61,701 57,388 53,571 2.7 1.3 1.3 

31,554 33,879 34,713 34,885 31,412 2.1 -2.0 .3 

58,671 58,578 59,205 61,016 57,049 .6 -.8 .4 

20,071 20,659 20,097 19,922 17,949 4.1 1.2 1.7 

115,505 116,707 116,268 114,245 99,369 4.7 1.4 2.2 

17,992 18,741 17,929 17,126 13,624 6.6 2.9 3.9 

14,227 14,881 15,175 14,963 15,565 22.2 3.8 1.2 

16,924 16,993 18,377 18,279 13,258 8.2 * 3.6 

25,180 25,773 25,836 26,348 27,607 -7.1 -2.9 -1.8 

8,212 8,859 8,266 7,587 6,939 17.7 6.2 3.8 

30,301 28,597 28,114 27,401 19,657 * 2.5 4.9 

2,670 2,863 2,571 2,541 2,719 1.0 1.5 -.1 

144,178 144,073 149,455 153,008 137,568 4.4 -.4 1.0 

1,770 2,186 2,293 2,357 2,813 38.2 .9 -1.5 

50 66 69 60 100 1.8 -3.9 -7.1 

26,368 26,004 25,233 25,447 15,478 .2 .9 6.1 

25,481 26,957 30,067 27,918 28,072 6.3 -.8 -.4 

9,713 10,709 11,193 11,541 10,595 5.7 -2.9 -.3 

24,075 20,877 21,150 22,239 22,417 7.0 3.7 1.5 

11,285 11,451 11,447 11,981 9,768 14.4 1.9 3.1 

13,418 13,980 13,105 14,279 12,168 1.2 -1.2 1.2 

32,019 31,843 34,896 37,186 36,158 .1 -3.6 -1.3 

93,804 90,785 91,126 87,655 80,333 10.9 4.4 2.9 

31,510 29,349 27,640 27,537 23,876 4.9 4.7 3.7 

34,704 34,517 34,449 32,792 28,863 12.6 4.5 3.4 

3,485 3,812 4,159 3,831 4,297 15.6 1.3 -.7 

24,106 23,107 24,878 23,496 23,297 15.5 4.3 2.0 

135,210 133,635 131,478 130,093 101,996 4.1 2.0 3.6 

12,538 12,261 12,092 11,547 9,435 -8.7 -.2 2.2 

13,674 12,965 12,547 12,471 6,855 * 2.3 8.0 

17,430 16,345 15,423 15,086 13,254 8.2 5.7 4.0 

91,568 92,064 91,415 90,989 72,452 5.7 1.6 3.3 

112,163 105,177 107,158 106,212 85,508 -1.3 1.0 2.9 

17,915 16,805 16,419 16,871 15,406 6.0 3.0 2.3 

16,696 16,218 16,710 16,393 14,740 2.2 1.0 1.6 

535 673 549 533 490 -1.1 -.2 .8 

11,040 10,549 9,676 10,458 5,283 -16.2 -3.0 6.4 

8,088 8,091 7,442 7,667 6,948 -3.5 .4 1.3 

14,832 12,858 15,111 15,295 13,979 1.2 -.5 .8 

15,719 14,834 15,738 15,044 7,905 .8 1.3 8.0 

27,339 25,150 25,514 23,952 20,756 -4.3 2.2 2.6 

12,186 11,055 9,792 9,120 8,133 -6.3 5.8 3.8 

792 802 784 299 815 9.0 30.4 .6 

2,821 2,816 2,899 2,551 1,669 -13.0 -1.0 4.4 

47 37 28 32 38 55.8 22.6 7.4 

2,124 1,940 934 396 685 -1.2 51.7 13.2 

6,402 5,461 5,147 5,843 4,926 -7.3 .4 2.1 

892,421 887,621 895,480 889,699 791,296 3.8 1.0 1.8 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 127 
Figure 12. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1984-1993 

2 0 0 

175-

150-

125 

c 

o 

_c 

{/) 

c 

o 

100 

75 

5 0 -

2 5 -

0 -

Total Consumer Stocks 

Electric Utilities 

• -- _ Industrial and Coke Plants 

I I I I I I I I I 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Note : Eoch incremen t represent s end-o f —yea r data . Industria l stock s reflec t manufacturin g plant s an d cok e plants . 

Sources : Energ y Informatio n Administration , • Electri c Utilities : For m EIA-759 , "Monthl y Powe r Plan t Report. " 

• Industrial : For m EIA-5 , "Cok e Plan t Repor t - Quarterly; " an d For m EIA—3, "Quarterl y Coa l Consumptio n Repor t — 

Manufacturin g Plants. " 

128 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1984, 

1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 989 

Connecticut w 

Maine w 

Massachusetts w 

New Hampshire w 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 14,060 

New Jersey w 

New York w 

Pennsylvania 12,265 

East North Central Total 30,162 

Illinois w 

Indiana 7,798 

Michigan w 

Ohio 7,630 

Wisconsin 3,193 

West North Central Total 14,898 

Iowa 3,819 

Kansas 2,024 

Minnesota 1,250 

Missouri 3,704 

Nebraska w 

North Dakota w 

South Dakota w 

South Atlantic Total 19,092 

Delaware w 

Florida 3,541 

Georgia 2,926 

Maryland w 

North Carolina 3,059 

South Carolina 1,893 

Virginia w 

West Virginia w 

East South Central Total 9,277 

Alabama 2,797 

Kentucky w 

Mississippi w 

Tennessee 1,877 

West South Central Total 15,105 

Arkansas 1,881 

Louisiana 2,000 

Oklahoma 2,052 

Texas > 9,172 

Mountain Total w 

Arizona 3,717 

Colorado 3,454 

Idaho 86 

Montana w 

Nevada w 

New Mexico w 

Utah w 

Wyoming 1,841 

Pacific Total 918 

Alaska 5 

California 93 

Hawaii w 

Oregon w 

Washington 459 

U.S. Total 120,458 

1,253 

w 

w 

w 

w 

19,486 

w 

w 

15,976 

43,661 

w 

12,507 

w 

10,804 

4,034 

20,732 

4,857 

2,759 

2,252 

6,439 

w 

w 

w 

29,282 

w 

4,121 

4,836 

w 

4,715 

2,451 

w 

w 

14,400 

4,529 

w 

w 

3,286 

16,898 

1,591 

1,755 

3,161 

10,392 

w 

3,596 

3,439 

101 

w 

w 

w 

w 

2,242 

1,529 

6 

109 

w 

w 

736 

1,134 

w 

w 

w 

w 

18,246 

w 

w 

15,546 

43,179 

w 

11,387 

w 

10,618 

w 

w 

5,133 

3,321 

2,693 

w 

w 

w 

w 

29,952 

w 

4,880 

5,419 

w 

4,866 

2,241 

w 

w 

15,026 

4,671 

w 

w 

w 

18,318 

2,165 

2,301 

2,919 

10,932 

w 

4,229 

3,487 

79 

w 

w 

w 

w 

2,835 

2,034 

8 

139 

w 

w 

1,194 

1,145 

w 

w 

w 

w 

18,776 

w 

w 

15,426 

45,411 

w 

12,226 

w 

10,471 

w 

w 

4,920 

3,742 

2,336 

w 

w 

w 

w 

29,422 

w 

4,972 

5,704 

w 

4,659 

2,316 

w 

w 

16,846 

4,372 

w 

w 

w 

16,579 

1,735 

2,503 

2,721 

9,619 

w 

3,129 

3,334 

140 

w 

w 

w 

w 

3,293 

2,231 

2 

122 

w 

w 

1,378 

1,088 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

14,256 

w 

w 

11,870 

38,922 

w 

9,398 

w 

7,055 

w 

w 

4,575 

3,284 

2,143 

w 

w 

w 

w 

21,981 

w 

4,490 

5,181 

w 

2,996 

2,164 

w 

w 

12,555 

4,189 

w 

w 

w 

w 

2,152 

2,751 

2,904 

w 

w 

3,411 

3,970 

123 

w 

w 

w 

w 

3,410 

1,730 

w 

160 

w 

w 

1,054 

976 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

22,229 

w 

w 

18,603 

54,074 

8,544 

15,022 

w 

12,079 

w 

w 

5,324 

3,674 

4,012 

w 

2,227 

w 

w 

31,749 

w 

3,105 

7,102 

w 

4,839 

1,671 

w 

w 

25,184 

6,497 

w 

w 

w 

17,487 

3,006 

w 

4,333 

w 

w 

w 

w 

76 

w 

w 

w 

41 

w 

1,059 

163,692 167,711 168,210 146,087 197,211 

-21.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-27.8 

w 

w 

-23.2 

-30.9 

w 

-37.6 

w 

-29.4 

-20.9 

-28.1 

-21.4 

-26.6 

-44.5 

-42.5 

w 

w 

w 

-34.8 

w 

-14.1 

-39.5 

w 

-35.1 

-22.7 

w 

w 

-35.6 

-38.2 

w 

w 

-42.9 

-10.6 

18.2 

14.0 

-35.1 

-11.7 

w 

3.3 

.4 

-14.9 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-17.9 

-39.9 

-11.7 

-15.1 

w 

w 

-37.6 

-26.4 

-2.4 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-.3 

w 

w 

.8 

-6.2 

w 

-4.5 

w 

2.0 

w 

w 

-4.4 

-11.4 

-12.6 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-3.5 

w 

-5.8 

-13.3 

w 

.5 

-3.3 

w 

w 

-7.3 

-9.6 

w 

-3.3 

-7.7 

-8.3 

w 

w 

2.2 

-3.4 

-8.5 

w 

w 

-14.3 

-14.6 

w 

-12.8 

w 

w 

-18.8 

-4.7 

0.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-5.0 

w 

w 

-4.5 

-6.3 

w 

-7.0 

w 

-5.0 

w 

w 

-3.6 

-6.4 

-12.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-5.5 

w 

1.5 

-9.4 

w 

-5.0 

1.4 

w 

w 

-10.5 

-8.9 

w 

w 

w 

-1.6 

-5.1 

w 

-8.0 

w 

w 

w 

w 

1.4 

w 

w 

-8.9 

-5.3 

* Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" and Form 

EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 129 
Table 69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 5,736 

Connecticut 745 

Massachusetts 3,652 

New Hampshire 1,339 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 51,079 

New Jersey 2,123 

New York 8,699 

Pennsylvania 40,257 

East North Central Total 179,833 

Illinois 31,744 

Indiana 48,836 

Michigan 28,749 

Ohio 51,456 

Wisconsin 19,049 

West North Central Total 107,584 

Iowa 16,623 

Kansas 17,226 

Minnesota 16,844 

Missouri 21,945 

Nebraska 9,297 

North Dakota 23,290 

South Dakota 2,360 

South Atlantic Total 132,885 

Delaware 2,223 

Florida 25,108 

Georgia 25,339 

Maryland 9,521 

North Carolina 23,055 

South Carolina 10,410 

Virginia 9,447 

West Virginia 27,782 

East South Central Total 90,365 

Alabama 27,533 

Kentucky 35,264 

Mississippi 3,767 

Tennessee 23,801 

West South Centra! Total 134,009 

Arkansas 11,116 

Louisiana 13,089 

Oklahoma 17,668 

Texas 92,135 

Mountain Total 104,093 

Arizona 18,316 

Colorado 16,252 

Montana 8,869 

Nevada 7,608 

New Mexico 14,942 

Utah 13,995 

Wyoming 24,111 

Pacific Total 7,924 

Alaska 298 

Oregon 1,981 

Washington 5,646 

U.S. Total 813,508 

6,112 6,421 6,305 6,510 5,328 -6.1 -3.1 0.8 

817 840 958 877 13 -8.9 -4.0 56.8 

4,044 4,339 4,201 4,474 4,080 -9.7 -4.9 -1.2 

1,251 1,242 1,146 1,160 1,198 

37 

51,022 

7.0 3.6 1.2 

52,488 52,617 54,197 56,642 

1,198 

37 

51,022 -2.7 -2.5 * 

2,118 2,081 2,740 3,244 2,853 .3 -10.0 -3.2 

9,963 9,874 9,993 10,158 7,333 -12.7 -3.8 1.9 

40,407 40,662 41,465 43,241 40,836 -.4 -1.8 -.1 

169,029 173,718 171,756 166,437 155,772 6.4 1.9 1.6 

25,264 27,754 27,396 25,758 32,054 25.6 5.4 -.1 

46,937 47,720 47,654 42,378 38,398 4.0 3.6 2.7 

28,238 29,896 29,726 29,972 24,491 1.8 -1.0 1.8 

50,358 49,577 48,848 50,479 45,025 2.2 .5 1.5 

18,231 18,771 18,133 17,851 15,804 4.5 1.6 2.1 

102,557 104,246 103,445 101,213 91,005 4.9 1.5 1.9 

15,357 15,846 15,331 14,598 11,966 8.2 3.3 3.7 

14,068 14,732 15,018 14,774 15,252 22.4 3.9 1.4 

15,841 16,114 16,916 17,056 12,015 6.3 -.3 3.8 

23,815 24,286 24,231 24,663 25,763 -7.8 -2.9 -1.8 

7,881 8,524 8,027 7,303 6,569 18.0 6.2 3.9 

23,192 22,174 21,579 20,538 16,953 .4 3.2 3.6 

2,402 2,570 2,345 2,281 2,487 -1.8 .8 -.6 

126,093 123,729 128,072 132,285 117,267 5.4 .1 1.4 

1,628 1,958 2,056 2,128 2,618 36.5 1.1 -1.8 

25,016 24,870 24,022 24,292 14,579 .4 .8 6.2 

23,656 24,848 27,812 25,839 26,455 7.1 -.5 -.5 

8,993 8,632 8,945 9,074 7,501 5.9 1.2 2.7 

21,011 18,078 18,005 19,516 20,306 9.7 4.3 1.4 

9,078 9,218 9,131 9,472 7,428 14.7 2.4 3.8 

8,661 8,568 8,228 9,573 7,323 9.1 -.3 2.9 

28,050 27,557 29,873 32,391 31,058 -.9 -3.8 -1.2 

80,203 77,917 77,579 73,842 65,984 12.7 5.2 3.5 

24,988 23,700 22,010 21,884 17,786 10.2 5.9 5.0 

31,715 31,432 30,867 29,109 25,014 11.2 4.9 3.9 

3,237 3,570 3,888 3,566 4,076 16.4 1.4 -.9 

20,263 19,216 20,814 19,283 19,106 17.4 5.4 2.5 

129,351 127,908 125,698 124,171 94,997 3.6 1.9 3.9 

12,241 11,978 11,836 11,278 9,036 -9.2 -.4 2.3 

13,077 12,406 11,748 11,770 6,463 .1 2.7 8.1 

16,699 15,668 14,866 14,423 12,541 5.8 5.2 3.9 

87,333 87,856 87,248 86,701 66,957 5.5 1.5 3.6 

105,609 98,400 100,505 99,670 77,697 -1.4 1.1 3.3 

17,280 16,116 15,758 16,182 13,601 6.0 3.1 3.4 

15,902 15,416 15,924 15,686 13,758 2.2 .9 1.9 

10,768 10,223 9,399 10,208 5,113 -17.6 -3.4 6.3 

7,914 7,892 7,270 7,487 6,811 -3.9 .4 1.2 

14,775 12,809 15,065 15,250 13,896 1.1 -.5 .8 

13,857 12,829 13,563 12,949 5,712 1.0 2.0 10.5 

25,114 23,115 23,526 21,908 18,805 -4.0 2.4 2.8 

8,419 7,313 5,992 6,118 5,327 -5.9 6.7 4.5 

277 298 290 299 314 7.3 -.1 -.6 

1,994 1,831 850 306 506 -.7 59.5 16.4 

6,148 5,184 4,852 5,514 4,506 -8.1 .6 2.5 

779,860 772,268 773,549 766,888 664,399 4.3 1.5 2.3 

Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 

130 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 967 

Connecticut 160 

Massachusetts 449 

New Hampshire 358 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 12,564 

New Jersey 501 

New York 953 

Pennsylvania 11,110 

East North Central Total 27,296 

Illinois 4,019 

Indiana 6,935 

Michigan 6,206 

Ohio 7,249 

Wisconsin 2,887 

West North Central Total 14,123 

Iowa 3,401 

Kansas 2,008 

Minnesota 1,182 

Missouri 3,555 

Nebraska 1,272 

North Dakota 2,417 

South Dakota 287 

South Atlantic Total 17,877 

Delaware 192 

Florida 3,451 

Georgia 2,825 

Maryland 1,455 

North Carolina 2,887 

South Carolina 1,648 

Virginia 1,418 

West Virginia 4,001 

East South Central Total 8,370 

Alabama 2,331 

Kentucky 3,990 

Mississippi 417 

Tennessee 1,632 

West South Central Total 13,867 

Arkansas 1,866 

Louisiana 1,932 

Oklahoma 1,944 

Texas 8,125 

Mountain Total 15,529 

Arizona 3,687 

Colorado 3,428 

Montana 721 

Nevada 1,195 

New Mexico 1,506 

Utah 3,264 

Wyoming 1,728 

Pacific Total 748 

Alaska 5 

Oregon 312 

Washington 431 

U.S. Total 111,341 

1,237 1,128 1,113 1,058 968 -21.8 -2.2 * 

150 173 140 145 -

6.8 2.4 -

727 583 597 642 567 -38.2 -8.5 -2.5 

361 373 348 243 356 -.8 10.1 .1 

- - 28 28 38 

7 

18,974 

- - -

17,743 16,638 17,148 12,934 

38 

7 

18,974 -29.2 -.7 -4.5 

771 681 740 632 935 -35.0 -5.6 -6.7 

2,106 1,546 2,045 1,233 1,929 -54.8 -6.2 -7.5 

14,866 14,412 14,363 11,069 16,110 -25.3 .1 -4.0 

40,250 39,394 40,740 34,948 46,740 -32.2 -6.0 -5.8 

7,399 6,977 7,398 8,204 7,484 -45.7 -16.3 -6.7 

11,294 9,953 10,610 8,043 12,245 -38.6 -3.6 -6.1 

7,402 8,099 9,093 8,185 10,649 -16.1 -6.7 -5.8 

10,395 10,213 9,956 6,607 11,062 -30.3 2.3 -4.6 

3,760 4,151 3,683 3,909 5,302 -23.2 -7.3 -6.5 

19,712 20,169 19,324 19,356 23,850 -28.3 -7.6 -5.6 

4,301 4,499 4,206 4,044 4,738 -20.9 -4.2 -3.6 

2,747 3,310 3,729 3,266 3,626 -26.9 -11.4 -6.3 

2,175 2,616 2,253 2,052 3,850 -45.6 -12.9 -12.3 

6,211 5,458 4,434 4,275 6,660 -42.8 -4.5 -6.7 

1,798 1,976 1,589 1,685 2,179 -29.3 -6.8 -5.8 

2,194 1,999 2,828 3,731 2,469 10.2 -10.3 -.2 

285 312 286 303 328 .7 -1.4 -1.5 

27,977 28,746 27,799 20,493 29,829 -36.1 -3.3 -5.5 

361 458 406 259 622 -46.8 -7.2 -12.2 

4,021 4,781 4,822 4,383 2,990 -14.2 -5.8 1.6 

4,692 5,251 5,473 5,040 6,912 -39.8 -13.5 -9.5 

2,400 2,220 2,114 1,046 2,069 -39.4 8.6 -3.8 

4,512 4,657 4,419 2,795 4,569 -36.0 .8 -5.0 

2,206 1,988 2,052 1,873 1,420 -25.3 -3.1 1.7 

1,922 1,685 1,639 1,368 2,119 -26.2 .9 -4.4 

7,863 7,707 6,874 3,729 9,127 -49.1 1.8 -8.8 

13,401 14,210 15,876 11,651 23,530 -37.5 -7.9 -10.8 

4,071 4,247 3,869 3,721 5,779 -42.7 -11.0 -9.6 

5,415 5,881 7,612 4,299 10,457 -26.3 -1.8 -10.1 

899 933 799 754 1,158 -53.7 -13.8 -10.7 

3,016 3,148 3,596 2,875 6,135 -45.9 -13.2 -13.7 

16,483 17,694 15,344 16,917 16,401 -15.9 -4.8 -1.8 

1,572 2,150 1,722 2,134 2,938 18.7 -3.3 -4.9 

1,701 2,235 2,458 2,627 2,689 13.6 -7.4 -3.6 

3,066 2,835 2,633 2,826 4,080 -36.6 -8.9 -7.9 

10,143 10,474 8,531 9,329 6,694 -19.9 -3.4 2.2 

16,009 18,086 16,828 17,035 17,844 -3.0 -2.3 -1.5 

3,543 4,177 3,090 3,367 3,593 4.0 2.3 .3 

3,410 3,466 3,298 3,921 4,850 .5 -3.3 -3.8 

735 741 767 813 657 -1.9 -2.9 1.0 

1,447 1,412 1,222 993 1,267 -17.4 4.8 -.6 

1,570 1,399 1,538 1,403 2,216 -4.0 1.8 -4.2 

3,153 4,123 3,697 3,202 618 3.5 .5 20.3 

2,153 2,767 3,215 3,337 4,642 -19.7 -15.2 -10.4 

1,317 1,812 1,993 1,469 1,590 -43.2 -15.5 -8.0 

6 8 2 3 7 -11.7 17.2 -3.3 

615 660 675 480 548 -49.3 -10.2 -6.1 

697 1,145 1,316 986 1,035 -38.1 -18.7 -9.3 

154,130 157,876 156,166 135,860 179,727 -27.8 -4.8 -5.2 

Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report.' 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 131 
Table 71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and 

State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

Alaska 

California 

Hawaii 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

647 1,045 507 325 406 319 -38.1 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w - - w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

1,704 1,610 1,959 1,844 1,993 2,719 5.8 

4,311 4,173 4,049 4,090 3,995 4,639 3.3 

17,699 16,931 18,670 18,886 19,086 20,406 4.5 

3,970 3,736 4,426 3,888 3,770 3,325 6.2 

4,587 4,263 4,404 4,629 4,738 5,054 7.6 

3,230 3,127 3,149 3,656 3,798 4,041 3.3 

4,100 3,970 4,813 4,753 4,727 5,967 3.3 

1,811 1,835 1,878 1,960 2,053 2,019 -1.3 

12,753 12,505 11,741 11,972 12,168 7,328 2.0 

2,494 2,571 2,672 2,353 2,351 1,443 -3.0 

137 158 148 157 183 310 -13.2 

1,370 1,059 785 1,283 972 1,006 29.3 

1,177 1,137 1,235 1,321 1,436 1,611 3.5 

w w w w w 280 w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

1,307 1,335 1,133 1,207 1,154 829 -2.1 

1,720 1,787 2,101 2,232 2,067 1,544 -3.7 

731 706 1,040 945 685 888 3.5 

2,476 2,860 2,702 2,989 2,570 1,992 -13.4 

2,395 2,177 2,212 2,310 2,491 2,226 10.0 

2,863 3,592 4,301 3,756 3,576 3,563 -20.3 

2,406 2,266 2,310 2,918 2,712 2,922 6.2 

w w w w w w w 

2,268 3,136 2,468 2,237 2,275 3,046 -27.7 

2,392 1,648 2,044 2,253 2,168 2,152 45.1 

w w w w w w W 

3,942 3,686 3,702 3,779 3,924 3,758 6.9 

6,780 5,846 5,716 5,769 5,905 w 16.0 

330 295 283 256 267 396 12.1 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w 707 w 

4,667 4,225 4,198 4,157 4,275 4,996 10.4 

5,163 4,973 4,954 4,841 4,789 5,810 3.8 

674 632 689 660 689 w 6.8 

780 735 738 729 643 856 6.1 

486 484 604 489 452 406 .4 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

727 525 508 676 686 608 38.4 

1,873 2,126 1,896 1,857 1,908 w -11.9 

2,677 3,161 3,113 3,214 2,895 2,058 -15.3 

w - - - - - w 

2,311 2,821 2,771 2,874 2,540 1,635 -18.1 

w w w w w 38 w 

w w w w w w w 

174 163 197 229 238 211 6.6 

12.4 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-3.8 

1.9 

-1.9 

1.3 

-.8 

-4.0 

-3.5 

-3.1 

1.2 

1.5 

-7.0 

8.9 

-4.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

3.1 

-4.5 

1.6 

-.9 

-1.0 

-5.4 

-2.9 

w 

-.1 

2.5 

w 

.1 

3.5 

5.5 

w 

w 

2.2 

1.9 

-.5 

4.9 

1.8 

w 

w 

w 

1.4 

-.4 

-1.9 

w 

-2.3 

w 

w 

-7.6 

8.2 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-5.1 

-.8 

-1.6 

2.0 

-1.1 

-2.4 

-4.1 

-1.2 

6.3 

6.3 

-8.7 

3.5 

-3.4 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

5.2 

1.2 

-2.1 

2.4 

.8 

-2.4 

-2.1 

w 

-3.2 

1.2 

w 

.5 

w 

-2.0 

w 

w 

-.8 

-1.3 

w 

-1.0 

2.0 

w 

w 

w 

2.0 

w 

3.0 

w 

3.9 

w 

w 

-2.1 

74,892 74,042 75,405 76,330 76,134 73,745 1.1 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report • 

button Report." 

Manufacturing Plants;" and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distri132 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

California 

Hawaii 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

21 16 6 32 30 8 34.2 

- - - - - w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

- - - - w w w 

- - - - w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

321 402 296 365 348 474 -20.3 

287 306 282 330 287 589 -6.0 

2,044 2,505 2,583 2,955 2,479 4,230 -18.4 

368 389 422 508 435 694 -5.3 

470 732 764 856 606 1,158 -35.9 

702 882 891 1,046 936 1,307 -20.3 

198 228 190 216 232 497 -13.4 

306 274 315 330 269 574 11.7 

775 1,020 1,163 1,156 983 1,310 -24.0 

418 556 635 714 531 586 -24.9 

16 11 10 13 18 49 37.7 

68 77 78 84 91 161 -11.8 

148 227 210 177 179 356 -34.8 

w w w w w 48 w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

90 100 99 151 107 115 -9.9 

101 144 167 231 141 190 -30.2 

41 35 37 35 46 76 16.5 

172 203 209 240 201 270 -15.2 

245 245 253 263 291 251 .1 

216 275 206 308 326 431 -21.6 

167 156 131 192 159 310 7.1 

w w w w w w w 

132 127 131 183 154 333 4.4 

73 127 123 142 112 224 -42.1 

w w w w w w w 

246 270 219 233 233 515 -8.8 

1,218 395 603 1,214 736 w 208.2 

15 19 15 13 17 68 -20.3 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w 253 w 

1,026 228 437 1,067 517 646 350.9 

332 360 307 417 408 486 -7.7 

30 53 52 39 44 w -43.3 

25 29 21 36 50 66 -13.2 

86 101 79 140 123 76 -14.9 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

20 26 39 60 83 152 -20.6 

113 89 68 78 74 w 27.0 

170 211 222 237 261 357 -19.5 

93 109 139 122 160 271 -15.1 

w w w w w 41 w 

w w w w w w w 

27 39 49 62 68 24 -29.0 

6,716 6,965 7,061 8,716 7,363 11,317 -3.6 

-7.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-2.1 

.1 

-4.7 

-4.1 

-6.2 

-6.9 

-3.9 

3.3 

-5.8 

-5.8 

-3.8 

-7.1 

-4.6 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-4.3 

-8.0 

-3.0 

-3.8 

-4.2 

-9.8 

1.3 

w 

-3.7 

-10.0 

w 

1.4 

13.4 

-3.3 

w 

w 

18.7 

-5.0 

-8.9 

-15.7 

-8.5 

w 

w 

w 

-29.7 

11.3 

-10.1 

-12.8 

w 

w 

-20.2 

-2.3 

11.3 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-4.2 

-7.7 

-7.8 

-6.8 

-9.5 

-6.7 

-9.7 

-6.8 

-5.7 

-3.7 

-11.8 

-9.2 

-9.3 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-2.7 

-6.8 

-6.6 

-4.9 

-.3 

-7.4 

-6.7 

w 

-9.7 

-11.6 

w 

-7.9 

w 

-15.4 

w 

w 

5.3 

-4.1 

w 

-10.2 

1.4 

w 

w 

w 

-20.0 

w 

-7.9 

-11.3 

w 

1.7 

-5.6 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Other industrial plants include manufacturing plants only. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 133 
Table 73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

West North Central Total . 

Missouri 

South Atlantic Total 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total . 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Utah 

U.S. Total 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

0,333 9,868 8,812 10,456 9,877 11,546 4.7 

1,643 13,224 14,742 17,233 18,507 19,653 -11.9 

w w w w w 2,499 . w 

6,591 7,153 8,234 8,867 9,754 9,462 -7.8 

- - w w w w w 

2,892 3,755 3,698 4,949 5,265 5,102 -23.0 

- - - - - w -

w w w w w w w 

- - w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

3,206 3,297 3,166 3,288 3,314 2,921 -2.8 

w w w w w w w 

- - w w w w -

- - - - - w -

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

31,323 32,366 33,854 38,877 40,508 44,022 -3.2 

w 

w 

1.1 

-10.9 

w 

-9.3 

w 

-13.9 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-6.2 

-1.2 

-5.6 

w 

-3.9 

w 

-6.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

1.0 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-3.7 

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 

Table 74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

West North Central Total . 

Missouri 

South Atlantic Total 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Utah 

U.S. Total 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

868 804 852 733 514 1,904 7.9 

822 906 1,203 1,716 1,496 3,103 -9.2 

w w w w w 366 w 

394 481 669 761 749 1,619 -18.2 

- - w w w w w 

183 180 215 299 217 521 1.8 

- - - - - w -

w w w w w w w 

- - w w w w w 

- w - - - - w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

333 332 293 320 314 385 .6 

w w w w w w w 

- - - w w w w 

21 21 21 21 w w -

21 21 21 21 w w -

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

2,401 2,597 2,773 3,329 2,864 6,166 -7.5 

w 

w 

14.0 

-13.9 

w 

-14.8 

w 

-4.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

1.5 

w 

w 

w 

-4.3 

w 

w 

-8.4 

-13.7 

w 

-14.5 

w 

-10.9 

w 

w 

-1.6 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-9.9 

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.' 

134 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census 

Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

Alaska 

California 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

102 141 84 142 105 342 -27.8 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

1,498 1,916 1,698 1,594 1,727 2,001 -21.8 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

1,257 1,626 1,408 1,308 1,413 1,477 -22.7 

1,458 1,476 1,453 1,743 1,556 2,448 -1.2 

w w w w w 420 w 

339 411 433 551 518 657 -17.5 

w w w w w w- w 

584 588 489 654 545 955 -.8 

w w w w w w NM 

w w w w w w w 

70 64 223 245 176 215 9.8 

23 * * * 6 3 NM 

107 25 94 179 251 237 334.0 

w W w w w w w 

w w w w w 90 w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

904 632 490 744 649 1,029 43.1 

w w w w w w NM 

51 50 66 69 60 100 1.8 

16 16 * 5 * 70 -3.7 

22 38 8 22 13 73 -42.6 

w w w w w w w 

229 204 97 156 153 119 12.5 

109 31 22 6 17 115 256.2 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

417 458 376 473 505 754 -8.8 

40 89 17 105 63 122 -54.8 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

8 13 12 11 17 19 -37.2 

1 2 * * 3 4 -60.9 

w - w - w w w 

w w w w * 6 w 

6 10 11 10 w w -36.8 

w w w w w w w 

1 4 * * w w -73.7 

38 58 65 58 w w -35.6 

43 51 68 61 81 84 -15.6 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

187 99 138 130 w w 88.0 

821 607 630 586 w w 35.3 

563 514 504 494 - w 9.4 

142 * 44 25 w w NM 

w w w w w w w 

114 91 80 66 90 209 24.8 

6,221 6,153 6,094 6,724 6,167 9,130 1.1 

-0.9 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-3.5 

w 

w 

-2.9 

-1.6 

w 

-10.1 

w 

1.7 

w 

w 

-20.5 

40.9 

-19.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

8.6 

w 

-3.9 

166.5 

14.7 

w 

10.6 

58.7 

w 

w 

-4.6 

-10.6 

w 

w 

w 

-16.6 

-28.9 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-14.6 

w 

w 

w 

6.0 

-12.6 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-3.2 

w 

w 

-1.8 

-5.6 

w 

-7.1 

w 

-5.3 

w 

w 

-11.7 

27.0 

-8.4 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.4 

w 

-7.1 

-15.2 

-12.4 

w 

7.5 

-.6 

w 

w 

-6.4 

-11.6 

w 

w 

w 

-9.1 

-15.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-7.2 

w 

w 

-6.5 

-4.2 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report.' 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 135 
Foreign Markets 

^s^ 

%6» 

'[f3:t 

* +' 

J>«}4 

S**u 

&\ 

'ft * <» 

a-* «»* *' 

/4 freighter is being loaded with coal for shipment to overseas markets. Forty-three percent of U.S. coal exports were 

shipped to Europe in 1993. 
Figure 13. U.S. Coal Exports, 1984-1993 

120 

100 

80 

c 

o 

CO 

c 

o 

60 

40 

20 

0-f 

Exports to Europe 

Total Exports 

Exports to Canada 

Exports to Japan 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Sources : U.S. Departmen t of Commerce , Burea u of the Census . "Monthl y Report EM 545. " 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 137 
Table 76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada' 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 

9,219 15,331 11,454 15,859 16,943 20,641 -39.9 

8,889 15,140 11,178 15,511 16,777 20,444 -41.3 

50 84 130 82 39 " -41.0 

250 77 92 210 63 157 225.3 

31 30 55 55 64 40 1.5 

5,750 6,769 7,661 6,902 7,384 5,407 -15.0 

524 335 429 640 742 387 56.5 

5,197 6,370 7,052 5,847 5,681 4,706 -18.4 

28 64 180 415 962 313 -56.2 

37,575 57,255 65,520 58,382 51,604 32,811 -34.4 

5,229 7,196 7,464 8,500 7,094 3,902 -27.3 

906 602 946 88 96 - 50.5 

336 3,832 4,658 3,188 3,178 614 -91.2 

252 205 530 95 104 * 23.1 

3,972 8,060 9,509 6,879 6,517 3,791 -50.7 

508 1,003 1,742 1,057 745 913 -49.4 

985 1,449 1,313 1,458 1,248 243 -32.0 

6,918 9,344 11,274 11,947 11,240 7,624 -25.9 

5,562 9,148 9,625 8,369 6,076 5,483 -39.2 

101 118 200 177 141 128 -14.8 

1,491 1,479 1,629 1,786 1,424 247 .8 

720 753 1,147 1,718 1,562 666 -4.3 

4,064 4,535 4,694 3,791 3,339 2,306 -10.4 

736 1,165 1,239 866 734 1,432 -36.8 

1,605 1,990 2,186 2,117 1,686 1,472 -19.3 

4,111 5,595 6,171 5,177 4,513 2,853 -26.5 

78 726 979 933 1,510 590 -89.2 

* 54 214 236 398 545 -99.8 

19,500 20,540 21,788 22,725 22,734 21,600 -5.1 

- 137 - - - - -100.0 

3,435 3,560 4,547 4,604 4,497 2,521 -3.5 

19 357 600 120 - - -94.7 

849 824 651 639 487 296 3.1 

11,878 12,304 12,269 13,338 13,846 16,325 -3.4 

3,316 3,352 3,711 3,999 3,836 2,372 -1.1 

3 7 11 25 68 86 -62.7 

1 * * 3 * 1 238.4 

2,474 2,621 2,545 1,933 2,149 1,023 -5.6 

409 611 522 479 740 668 -33.1 

868 848 769 646 585 354 2.3 

587 737 1,013 752 824 - -20.3 

567 425 239 55 - * 33.6 

42 - 2 - * * -

74,519 102,516 108,969 105,804 100,815 81,483 -27.3 

-14.1 

-14.7 

6.5 

40.9 

-16.6 

-6.1 

-8.3 

-2.2 

-58.6 

-7.6 

-7.3 

75.0 

-43.0 

24.9 

-11.6 

-9.1 

-5.7 

-11.4 

-2.2 

-8.1 

1.1 

-17.6 

5.0 

.1 

-1.2 

-2.3 

-52.3 

-86.6 

-3.8 

-6.5 

14.9 

-3.8 

-3.6 

-55.5 

20.9 

3.6 

-13.8 

10.4 

-8.1 

315.7 

-7.3 

-8.6 

-8.8 

154.8 

5.3 

-3.0 

.7 

3.4 

1.1 

-23.5 

1.5 

3.3 

-6.5 

268.8 

.5 

-6.3 

16.8 

-1.1 

.1 

-2.6 

22.1 

.9 

6.5 

-7.1 

1.0 

4.1 

-20.1 

-60.5 

-1.1 

3.5 

12.4 

-3.5 

3.8 

-32.0 

1.3 

10.3 

-5.3 

10.5 

227.8 

173.2 

-1.0 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

138 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 

4,853 4,957 4,060 4,399 6,838 7,825 -2.1 

4,663 4,920 4,019 4,396 6,820 7,702 -5.2 

- - - - 19 - -

190 36 41 

It 

3 7 123 422.7 

5,514 6,524 7,416 6,468 6,445 5,200 -15.5 

487 332 428 640 741 372 46.4 

5,027 6,165 6,958 5,753 5,675 4,587 -18.4 

- 27 30 75 29 242 -100.0 

26,791 33,365 38,544 36,690 34,870 24,983 -19.7 

4,030 5,165 5,531 6,098 6,099 3,253 -22.0 

849 602 946 49 48 - 41.1 

106 - 568 56 128 - -

252 205 389 95 102 - 22.7 

3,101 4,314 5,851 4,961 4,841 3,146 -28.1 

203 247 561 701 517 828 -17.9 

- - - - 169 7 -

4,965 6,180 6,489 7,029 6,662 5,799 -19.7 

3,743 4,836 4,598 3,975 3,138 3,508 -22.6 

70 91 101 109 93 90 -22.6 

149 135 74 258 353 203 10.0 

373 753 1,003 1,718 1,558 666 -50.5 

2,994 2,795 3,402 3,479 3,139 1,549 7.1 

736 1,165 1,231 843 530 1,177 -36.8 

1,604 1,989 2,066 2,101 1,686 1,223 -19.3 

3,573 4,175 4,657 4,090 4,191 2,799 -14.4 

43 658 869 920 1,477 529 -93.5 

- 54 207 209 138 206 -100.0 

10,608 12,655 12,894 14,721 15,621 17,945 -16.2 

285 424 459 394 800 117 -32.7 

19 - - - - - -

- 143 109 55 149 191 -100.0 

8,028 9,480 9,395 11,044 11,449 15,499 -15.3 

2,276 2,608 2,931 3,206 3,162 2,053 -12.7 

23 

1 

1,180 

60 85 

1,886 1,925 1,731 

23 

1 

1,180 1,353 1,023 -2.0 

409 611 522 479 740 668 -33.1 

868 848 768 646 585 354 2.3 

- 41 202 - 28 - -100.0 

567 425 239 55 - - 33.6 

42 - - - - - -

49,652 59,426 64,645 63,459 65,128 56,975 -16.4 

-8.2 

-9.1 

-100.0 

-3.1 

-3.8 

-10.0 

-3.0 

-100.0 

-6.4 

-9.8 

105.3 

-4.7 

25.3 

-10.5 

-20.8 

-100.0 

-7.1 

4.5 

-6.7 

-19.4 

-30.1 

-1.2 

8.6 

-1.2 

-3.9 

-58.7 

-100.0 

-9.2 

-22.7 

-100.0 

-8.5 

-7.9 

-100.0 

8.6 

-13.8 

10.3 

-100.0 

-6.5 

-5.2 

-5.4 

5.0 

-10.9 

.6 

3.0 

1.0 

-100.0 

.8 

2.4 

-.1 

-14.5 

-100.0 

-1.7 

.7 

-2.7 

-3.4 

-6.2 

7.6 

-5.1 

3.1 

2.8 

-24.4 

-100.0 

-5.7 

10.5 

-100.0 

-7.0 

1.1 

-100.0 

7.0 

-5.3 

10.4 

-1.5 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 139 
Table 78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other' 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 

4,366 10,374 7,394 11,460 10,104 12,817 -57.9 

4,225 10,219 7,159 11,115 9,957 12,742 -58.6 

50 84 130 82 20 * -41.0 

60 40 52 208 63 34 47.9 

31 30 54 55 64 40 1.5 

236 245 245 435 940 206 -3.5 

38 3 1 - * 15 NM 

170 205 94 94 6 119 -16.9 

28 37 150 340 934 72 -24.5 

10,784 23,891 26,975 21,692 16,734 7,828 -54.8 

1,199 2,031 1,933 2,402 995 649 -40.9 

57 - - 39 49 - -

230 3,832 4,090 3,132 3,050 614 -94.0 

1 - 142 - 2 * -

870 3,745 3,658 1,918 1,676 645 -76.8 

305 756 1,181 356 227 85 -59.7 

985 1,449 1,313 1,458 1,078 237 -32.0 

1,954 3,164 4,785 4,917 4,578 1,825 -38.2 

1,819 4,312 5,027 4,393 2,938 1,975 -57.8 

31 27 99 68 49 38 11.3 

1,342 1,344 1,555 1,528 1,071 44 -.1 

347 - 144 - 3 - -

1,070 1,740 1,292 312 201 757 -38.5 

- * 8 23 204 255 -100.0 

* * 120 17 * 249 -1.3 

538 1,421 1,514 1,088 321 55 -62.1 

35 68 110 13 33 61 -47.9 

* * 6 27 260 339 -44.5 

8,892 7,885 8,894 8,004 7,113 3,656 12.8 

- 137 - - - - -100.0 

3,150 3,136 4,088 4,211 3,697 2,405 .5 

- 357 600 120 - - -100.0 

849 681 542 584 338 104 24.7 

3,850 2,823 2,874 2,294 2,397 826 36.4 

1,040 744 779 793 674 319 39.7 

3 7 11 3 7 1 -62.7 

1 * * 2 * 1 238.4 

588 696 814 753 795 * -15.6 

1 1 1 * - * -30.7 

587 695 811 

2 

44,323 

752 795 

• 

-15.5 

24,867 43,090 

811 

2 

44,323 42,345 35,687 24,508 -42.3 

-18.9 

-19.3 

25.9 

-1.4 

-16.6 

-29.2 

225.5 

133.4 

-58.3 

-10.4 

4.8 

3.9 

-47.6 

-19.6 

-15.1 

7.6 

-2.2 

-19.2 

-11.3 

-10.9 

5.8 

220.4 

52.0 

-100.0 

11.3 

13.7 

2.0 

-85.1 

5.7 

-3.9 

25.8 

12.6 

11.4 

-22.4 

20.9 

-7.3 

-7.3 

-100.0 

-8.6 

-11.3 

-11.5 

154.8 

6.5 

-3.0 

1.5 

10.6 

4.0 

-9.9 

3.6 

7.1 

-10.3 

90.2 

3.4 

15.2 

17.2 

.8 

-.9 

-2.3 

46.2 

3.9 

-100.0 

-52.4 

28.9 

-5.9 

-58.4 

10.4 

3.0 

26.3 

18.6 

14.0 

8.0 

1.3 

172.5 

28.6 

-100.0 

-100.0 

.2 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

* Data round to zero. 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

140 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Customs District 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Eastern Total 

Boston, MA 

Baltimore, MD 

Portland, ME 

Buffalo, NY 

New York City, NY 

Ogdensburg, NY 

Philadelphia, PA 

Norfolk, VA 

St. Albans, VT 

Southern Total 

Mobile, AL 

Savannah, GA 

Miami, FL 

Tampa, FL 

New Orleans, LA 

Wilmington, NC 

San Juan, PR 

Charleston, SC 

El Paso. TX 

Houston-Galveston, TX. 

Laredo, TX 

Port Arthur, TX 

Virgin Islands 

Western Total 

Anchorage, AK 

Nogales, AZ 

Los Angeles, CA 

San Diego, CA 

San Francisco, CA 

Great Falls, MT 

Portland, OR 

Seattle, WA 

Northern Total 

Chicago, IL 

Detroit, Ml 

Duluth, MN 

Pembina, ND 

Cleveland, OH 

Milwaukee, Wl 

Other Ports 

Total 

45,138 64,826 69,185 66,160 60,406 44,207 -30.4 -7.0 0.2 

33 - - 54 - - - - -

7,354 9,450 9,790 7,786 9,330 7,195 -22.2 -5.8 .2 

1 * - 1 * - NM 50.8 -

67 1,971 773 503 48 19 -96.6 8.4 14.7 

1 4 5 17 2 187 -72.6 -11.4 -43.5 

44 66 110 54 10 24 -32.8 45.0 7.2 

190 252 639 3,237 2,497 1,152 -24.9 -47.5 -18.2 

37,448 53,083 57,868 54,508 48,520 35,630 -29.4 -6.3 .5 

* * - - -89.7 - -18.8 

16,658 21,343 25,667 21,988 20,720 15,610 -21.9 -5.3 .7 

6,262 6,853 8,743 7,607 8,827 8,852 -8.6 -8.2 -3.8 

- 37 * * 1 * -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

2 2 2 1 11 * 38.1 -33.6 29.1 

* - 11 19 1 41 - -17.3 -43.4 

9,705 13,480 15,494 12,811 10,851 5,505 -28.0 -2.8 6.5 

- - - - 70 125 - -100.0 -100.0 

* - * - - * - - -17.3 

475 791 1,161 1,193 835 839 -39.9 -13.1 -6.1 

* 1 * - - * -77.3 - -12.9 

155 145 206 154 77 151 7.0 19.2 .3 

59 36 49 201 47 30 64.0 5.4 7.8 

- - - - - 65 - - -100.0 

- * - - - - -100.0 - -

4,201 3,651 4,430 3,009 3,155 1,520 15.1 7.4 11.9 

733 728 777 793 661 - .7 2.6 -

* * - 3 - - 46.5 - -

3,358 2,721 2,840 1,936 2,301 1,451 23.4 9.9 9.8 

1 4 2 3 4 1 -73.6 -28.7 1.5 

- 60 33 188 42 35 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

* - - * * 3 - 35.1 -22.1 

2 - 576 4 1 22 - 42.3 -21.9 

106 137 202 82 145 9 -22.7 -7.6 31.9 

8,495 12,557 9,635 14,622 16,534 20,145 -32.3 -15.3 -9.1 

- * * 47 - - -100.0 - -

609 2,181 520 3,901 45 61 -72.1 92.3 29.1 

134 119 130 504 283 • 13.2 -17.0 106.7 

1 • * * 15 2 NM -46.2 -5.4 

7,751 10,258 8,985 10,073 

96 

16,191 20,082 -24.4 -16.8 -10.0 

26 138 51 25 - - -80.8 - -

74,519 102,516 108,969 105,804 100,815 81,483 -27.3 -7.3 -1.0 

• Data round to zero. 

N M

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545.' 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 

Coal Prices 

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1993 was $19.85 

per short ton, a drop of 6 percent from 1992, and the 

11th straight year of decline. Since 1984 the average 

mine price of U.S. coal has declined at an average annual rate of almost 3 percent (Table 80). During this 

period, the average mine price of coal East of the Mississippi River declined at an average annual rate of 

approximately 2 percent, whereas West of the Mississippi River the decline was almost 3 percent. In real 

dollars, the decline over this period was 6 percent (Table 81). 

Compared with 1992, the U.S. average mine price of 

coal in 1993 fell 7 percent in the Interior Region, 4 

percent in the Western Region, and 1 percent in Appalachia. In the major coal-producing States, average 

mine prices fell 10 percent in Wyoming and 2 percent 

in West Virginia, but rose 1 percent in Kentucky. 

Compared with 1992, the average delivered price of 

coal to U.S. consumers in 1993 declined nearly 3 percent at utilities to $28.58 per short ton, nearly 2 percent 

at manufacturing plants to $32.23 per short ton, and 1 

percent at coke plants to $47.44 per short ton (Tables 

92, 94, and 96). Over the last 10 years, the average 

price of coal delivered to each of these sectors has 

declined at an average annual rate of 2 percent. In real 

dollars, the average annual rate of decline of coal delivered to these sectors over this period has been between 5 and 6 percent. 

The average price of U.S. coal imports in 1993 was 

$29.89 per short ton, an 11-percent drop from the 1992 

level (Table 98). The average price of coal imported 

from Colombia, which accounts for 56 percent of U.S. 

coal imports, dropped 15 percent, accounting for most 

of the decline. Over the last 10 years, the average price 

of U.S. coal imports has declined at an average annual 

rate of 2 percent. 

The average price of U.S. coal exports in 1993 was 

$41.41 per short ton, only a slight increase from the 

1992 level (Table 99). The average price of metallurgical coal dropped 3 percent, while the average price 

of steam coal remained relatively unchanged. Over 

the last 10 years, the average price of U.S. coal exports 

has declined at an average annual rate of 2 percent. 

Metallurgical and steam coal export prices have declined at average annual rates of 2 percent and 3 percent, respectively. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 143 
Figure 14. Coal Prices, 1984-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

60 

5 0 -

4 0 

CO 

i_ 

0 

Q. 

w 30 

_D 

"5 

Q 

~D 

c 

2 0 -

1 0 -

o-f 

Export Prices 

mport Prices 

Consumer Prices 

Mine Prices 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Note: Averag e min e price s exclude mine s producin g less tha n 10,00 0 short tons of coal durin g the year. Mine Price is 

:alculated by dividin g the total fre e on boar d (f.o.b. ) min e valu e of the coal produce d by the tota l production . Consume r 

Price is base d on the cost includin g insuranc e an d freight (c.i.f . cost) for electric utilities , an d insurance , freight an d 

taxes for manufacturin g an d coke plants , an d doe s not include the residentia l and commercia l sector. Export Price 

is base d on the fre e alongsid e ship (f.a.s. ) value . Import Price is base d on the custom s import value . 

Sources : • Mine Prices: Energy Informatio n Administratio n (EIA), Form EIA-7A , "Coa l Production Report; " Stat e Minin g 

Agency Coal Production Reports ; and/o r U.S. Deportmen t of Labor, Mine Sofety ond Healt h Administration , Form 7000-2 , 

"Quarterl y Mine Employmen t an d Coal Production Report. " • Consume r Prices: Federal Regulator y Commissio n (FERC), 

FERC Form 423 , "Monthl y Report of Cost an d Qualit y of Fuels for Electric Plants; " EIA, Form EIA-5 , "Coke Plant Report -

Quarterly " an d Form EIA-3 , "Quarterl y Coal ConsumptionReport - Manufacturin g Plants. " • Export Prices: U.S. Departmen t of 

Commerce , Burea u of the Census , "Monthl y Report EM 545. " • Import Prices: U.S. Departmen t of Commerce , Burea u of the 

Census , "Monthl y Report IM 145. " 

144 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Mine Prices 

Nitrogen oxides are removed from a pulverized coal-fired boiler by use of several advanced wall-fired combustion 

control techniques at the Hammond Plant, Unit 4, near Coosa, Georgia. 
Table 80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

S42.34 S40.82 S41.14 S43.04 S41.18 S42.90 3.7 0.7 -0.1 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

-

w w w w -w w -

20.35 21.33 22.18 21.75 23.64 S23.07 -4.6 -3.7 -1.4 

- - - - - w - - w 

25.27 27.66 28.35 27.73 28.17 S29.89 -8.6 -2.7 -1.8 

22.89 23.41 23.58 23.91 23.55 24.98 -2.2 -.7 -1.0 

w w w w w 25.32 w w w 

w w w w 27.00 26.91 w w w 

24.77 24.50 25.45 25.19 24.97 28.13 1.1 -.2 -1.4 

25.50 25.00 26.37 25.84 25.80 28.61 2.0 -.3 -1.3 

22.36 23.10 22.88 23.32 22.48 26.81 -3.2 -.1 -2.0 

w w w w w -w w w 

25.21 25.39 25.73 25.97 24.73 28.03 -.7 .5 -1.2 

w w w w w 24.56 w w w 

11.05 10.20 10.76 9.42 10.27 13.57 8.3 1.8 -2.3 

22.96 23.14 23.25 22.43 23.42 19.40 -.8 -.5 1.9 

7.63 7.48 7.84 7.67 7.36 9.48 2.0 .9 -2.4 

28.04 26.93 27.75 28.65 30.49 33.17 4.1 -2.1 -1.8 

24.91 25.76 28.52 30.39 28.46 32.13 -3.3 -3.3 -2.8 

26.50 28.61 29.40 30.15 29.33 33.48 -7.4 -2.5 -2.6 

32.94 34.24 36.34 39.40 42.93 48.22 -3.8 -6.4 -4.1 

26.03 28.34 29.06 29.72 28.74 32.69 -8.1 -2.4 -2.5 

27.23 27.11 26.74 27.96 26.98 28.99 .4 .2 -.7 

12.87 12.42 12.21 11.20 10.91 11.14 3.6 4.2 1.6 

20.81 21.11 22.59 18.53 21.46 29.20 -1.4 -.8 -3.7 

26.80 27.55 27.45 28.05 27.64 31.17 -2.7 -.8 -1.7 

w w w w w w w w w 

27.58 28.15 28.62 28.62 28.69 S34.18 -2.0 -1.0 -2.3 

28.09 29.03 30.16 29.05 28.09 32.03 -3.3 * -1.4 

27.40 27.76 27.93 28.40 29.03 35.79 -1.3 -1.4 -2.9 

7.32 8.14 8.09 8.43 8.63 11.89 -10.1 -4.0 -5.3 

27.64 27.95 28.69 28.89 28.74 w -1.1 -1.0 w 

20.03 21.61 21.86 21.45 21.31 w -7.3 -1.5 w 

11.14 11.60 11.71 11.60 12.12 $14.53 -3.9 -2.1 -2.9 

26.81 27.34 27.97 28.09 27.95 31.42 -1.9 -1.0 -1.7 

11.50 11.98 12.06 11.81 12.25 14.64 -4.0 -1.6 -2.6 

19.85 21.03 21.49 21.76 21.82 25.61 -5.6 -2.3 -2.8 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide 

these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

146 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

534.09 S33.71 S34.95 S37.98 S37.96 S47.15 1.1 -2.6 -3.5 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

-

w w w w -w w -

16.39 17.61 18.84 19.20 21.79 325.35 -6.9 -6.9 -4.7 

- - - - - w - - w 

20.35 22.84 24.09 24.47 25.96 332.85 -10.9 -5.9 -5.2 

18.43 19.33 20.04 21.10 21.71 27.45 -4.7 -4.0 -4.3 

w w w w w 27.82 w w w 

w w w w 24.88 29.57 w w w 

19.95 20.23 21.62 22.23 23.01 30.91 -1.4 -3.5 -4.7 

20.53 20.64 22.40 22.81 23.78 31.44 -.5 -3.6 -4.6 

18.00 19.07 19.44 20.59 20.72 29.46 -5.6 -3.4 -5.3 

w w w w w -w w w 

20.30 20.97 21.86 22.92 22.79 30.81 -3.2 -2.8 -4.5 

w w w w w 26.99 w w w 

8.90 8.42 9.14 8.32 9.47 14.91 5.6 -1.5 -5.6 

18.49 19.11 19.76 19.79 21.58 21.32 -3.3 -3.8 -1.6 

6.15 6.18 6.66 6.77 6.78 10.42 -.5 -2.4 -5.7 

22.58 22.24 23.58 25.28 28.10 36.45 1.5 -5.3 -5.2 

20.06 21.27 24.23 26.83 26.23 35.31 -5.7 -6.5 -6.1 

21.34 23.62 24.98 26.61 27.03 36.79 -9.7 -5.7 -5.9 

26.52 28.27 30.87 34.78 39.56 52.99 -6.2 -9.5 -7.4 

20.96 23.40 24.69 26.23 26.49 35.92 -10.4 -5.7 -5.8 

21.92 22.39 22.72 24.67 24.87 31.86 -2.1 -3.1 -4.1 

10.36 10.26 10.37 9.88 10.05 12.25 1.0 .8 -1.8 

16.75 17.43 19.20 16.36 19.78 32.09 -3.9 -4.1 -7.0 

21.58 22.75 23.32 24.76 25.47 34.25 -5.1 -4.0 -5.0 

w w w w w w w w w 

22.20 23.25 24.32 25.26 26.44 S37.56 -4.5 -4.3 -5.7 

22.62 23.98 25.62 25.64 25.89 35.20 -5.7 -3.3 -4.8 

22.06 22.92 23.73 25.06 26.76 39.33 -3.8 -4.7 -6.2 

5.89 6.72 6.88 7.44 7.95 13.07 -12.3 -7.2 -8.5 

22.26 23.08 24.38 25.50 26.49 w -3.5 -4.3 w 

16.13 17.85 18.58 18.93 19.64 w -9.6 -4.8 w 

8.97 9.58 9.95 10.24 11.17 S15.97 -6.3 -5.3 -6.2 

21.59 22.57 23.77 24.80 25.76 34.53 -4.4 -4.3 -5.1 

9.26 9.90 10.25 10.42 11.29 16.08 -6.4 -4.8 -5.9 

15.98 17.36 18.26 19.21 20.12 28.15 -8.0 -5.6 -6.1 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average mine 

price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to 

provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 147 
Table 82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1993 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

Underground Surface Total 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Nominal Real1 Nominal Real1 

Nominal Real1 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 2 .. 

Interior Total 2 

Western Total 2 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

42.00 S33.82 S42.91 S34.55 S42.34 S34.09 

- -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

20.53 16.53 20.10 16.18 20.35 16.39 

25.54 20.56 24.18 19.47 25.27 20.35 

w w w w 22.89 18.43 

- -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

25.07 20.18 24.35 19.61 24.77 19.95 

25.42 20.46 25.63 20.64 25.50 20.53 

23.84 19.20 20.45 16.46 22.36 18.00 

- -

w w w w 

w w w w 25.21 20.30 

- -

w w w w 

w w w w 11.05 8.90 

w w w w 22.96 18.49 

- -

7.63 6.15 7.63 6.15 

30.73 24.74 26.51 21.34 28.04 22.58 

w w w w 24.91 20.06 

27.35 22.02 25.09 20.20 26.50 21.34 

36.02 29.00 32.71 26.34 32.94 26.52 

27.29 21.97 23.55 18.96 26.03 20.96 

w w w w 27.23 21.92 

- -

12.87 10.36 12.87 10.36 

20.81 16.75 - -

20.81 16.75 

27.26 21.95 25.29 20.37 26.80 21.58 

- -

w w w w 

28.54 22.98 25.57 20.59 27.58 22.20 

29.28 23.58 23.17 18.65 28.09 22.62 

28.21 22.72 26.02 20.95 27.40 22.06 

w w w w 7.32 5.89 

28.23 22.73 26.65 21.46 27.64 22.26 

25.07 20.19 17.48 14.07 20.03 16.13 

20.75 16.71 10.05 8.09 11.14 8.97 

27.66 22.27 25.49 20.53 26.81 21.59 

20.75 16.71 10.61 8.54 11.50 9.26 

26.92 21.67 15.67 12.62 19.85 15.98 

1

 Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure of dispersion of these average nominal prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to 

provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

148 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining 

Method, 1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall' Shortwall1 Other1 2 Unknown3 Total 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 4 .. 

Interior Total4 

Western Total 4 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River . 

U.S. Total 

$43.43 

20.53 

25.54 

w 

25.34 

25.70 

24.16 

w 

31.06 

w 

27.08 

27.08 

w 

20.90 

27.24 

28.99 

30.03 

28.52 

w 

28.56 

25.24 

20.74 

27.91 

20.73 

27.11 

S25.00 

24.71 

24.16 

24.79 

22.93 

13.82 

32.72 

35.96 

32.20 

w 

20.15 

26.69 

25.74 

23.83 

26.57 

w 

25.83 

23.31 

20.65 

25.30 

20.65 

25.02 

S42.15 

21.82 

27.74 

25.46 

26.63 

23.44 

w 

w 

32.69 

27.02 

27.02 

21.11 

31.99 

31.61 

32.91 

29.68 

w 

31.32 

26.61 

21.37 

30.68 

21.37 

28.67 

S25.92 

S19.70 

19.70 

25.92 

25.92 

25.92 

36.31 

36.31 

15.62 

20.10 

20.10 

20.10 

S42.00 

20.53 

25.54 

w 

25.07 

25.42 

23.84 

w 

w 

w 

30.73 

w 

27.35 

36.02 

27.29 

w 

20.81 

27.26 

28.54 

29.28 

28.21 

w 

28.23 

25.07 

20.75 

27.66 

20.75 

26.92 

1

 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine production. 

2

 Includes scoop loading and hand loading. 

3

 Calculated by subtracting the sum of the reported mining methods from total underground production. 

4

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production, 

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Excludes 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 149 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, 

by State and County, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price 

Alabama 

Bibb 

Blount 

Cullman 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Marion 

Shelby 

Tuscaloosa ... 

Walker 

Winston 

Alaska 

Yukon River 

Arizona 

Navajo 

Arkansas 

Johnson 

Scott 

Sebastian 

Colorado 

Delta 

Fremont 

Garfield 

Gunnison 

Jackson 

La Plata 

Las Animas . 

Mesa 

Moffat 

Montrose 

Rio Blanco... 

Routt 

Illinois 

Christian 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Logan 

Macoupin 

McDonough. 

Perry 

Randolph 

Saline 

Schuyler 

St Clair 

Wabash 

Washington . 

White 

Williamson ... 

Indiana 

Clay 

Daviess 

Dubois 

Gibson 

Greene 

Knox 

Monroe 

Owen 

Pike 

Spencer 

Sullivan 

Vigo 

Warrick 

Iowa 

Manon 

85 

2 

3 

3 

3 

2 

15 

6 

2 

12 

33 

4 

1 

1 

2 

2 

6 

2 

1 

3 

20 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

3 

39 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

6 

3 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

56 

7 

10 

1 

2 

8 

4 

1 

1 

5 

5 

4 

1 

7 

2 

2 

24,768 

161 

20 

704 

2,302 

116 

6,318 

300 

386 

6,622 

7,280 

559 

1,601 

1,601 

12,173 

12,173 

44 

25 

6 

12 

21,886 

1,176 

318 

1 

4,260 

4 

174 

720 

299 

7,351 

290 

1,490 

5,803 

41,098 

1,545 

1,065 

4,078 

429 

2,238 

25 

2,682 

1,498 

4,383 

431 

6,242 

2,102 

8,809 

584 

242 

2,129 

592 

1,996 

27 

29,295 

1,522 

5,110 

502 

1,794 

3,278 

1,068 

41 

165 

3,855 

971 

3,064 

1,274 

6,650 

175 

175 

42.34 

w 

w 

w 

S41.53 

25.95 

w 

43.94 

44.31 

30.48 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

20.35 

w 

w 

w 

25.27 

w 

w 

S18.20 

w 

29.78 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

22.89 

S22.60 

21.60 

w 

w 

23.05 

w 

w 

w 

w 

22.54 

w 

w 

See footnotes at end of table. 

150 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, 

by State and County, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Kansas 

Crawford 

Kentucky 

Bell 

Breathitt 

Butler 

Caldwell 

Carter 

Christian 

Clay 

Daviess 

Floyd 

Greenup 

Harlan 

Henderson 

Hopkins 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Knott 

Knox 

Laurel 

Lawrence 

Lee 

Leslie 

Letcher 

Magoffin 

Martin 

McCreary 

McLean 

Muhlenberg 

Ohio 

Owsley 

Perry 

Pike 

Rockcastle 

Union 

Webster 

Whitley 

Wolfe 

Louisiana 

De Soto 

Red River 

Maryland 

Allegany 

Garrett 

Missouri 

Barton 

Bates 

Ralls 

Randolph 

Vernon 

Montana 

Big Horn 

Musselshell 

Richland 

Rosebud 

New Mexico 

Colfax 

McKinley 

San Juan 

North Dakota 

Bowman 

McLean 

Mercer 

Oliver 

Williams 

Ohio 

Belmont 

Carroll 

Columbiana 

Coshocton 

Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price 

2 

2 

696 

24 

8 

4 

1 

1 

3 

8 

15 

62 

1 

83 

3 

16 

3 

10 

55 

26 

3 

1 

3 

12 

42 

4 

32 

1 

3 

8 

7 

5 

32 

184 

1 

5 

9 

19 

2 

2 

1 

1 

21 

10 

11 

7 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

8 

4 

1 

1 

2 

7 

2 

2 

3 

8 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

135 

15 

7 

14 

6 

341 

341 

156,299 

4,577 

4,596 

60 

183 

4 

1,579 

718 

1,911 

6,648 

185 

10,774 

3,241 

9,013 

89 

1,379 

14,406 

921 

195 

3 

46 

8,598 

6,980 

680 

11,777 

129 

152 

3,122 

2,213 

193 

12,525 

32,828 

2 

3,677 

10,956 

1,342 

597 

3,134 

2,674 

460 

3,355 

511 

2,844 

653 

100 

116 

189 

174 

73 

35,917 

21,223 

10 

291 

14,393 

28,268 

1,699 

11,944 

14,625 

31,973 

2,165 

7,240 

16,392 

6,169 

7 

28,816 

5,927 

191 

1,194 

1,485 

w 

w 

24.77 

S26.41 

23.41 

w 

w 

w 

24.22 

19.44 

24.31 

w 

w 

w 

21.45 

w 

20.48 

24.92 

30.24 

w 

w 

22.84 

21.40 

22.83 

32.73 

w 

w 

17.68 

18.29 

w 

25.50 

24.54 

25.60 

24.97 

27.07 

w 

w 

w 

w 

25.21 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

11.05 

S12.04 

w 

w 

7.63 

w 

w 

28.04 

S23.75 

18.24 

16.73 

w 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 151 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, 

by State and County, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Ohio (Continued) 

Guernsey 

Harrison 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Mahoning 

Meigs 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Perry 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Vinton 

Oklahoma 

Craig 

Latimer 

Le Flore 

Muskogee 

Nowata 

Okmulgee 

Rogers 

Wagoner 

Pennsylvania 

Allegheny 

Armstrong 

Beaver 

Bedford 

Blair 

Butler 

Cambria 

Carbon 

Centre 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Dauphin 

Elk 

Fayette 

Greene 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Lackawanna 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Northumberland 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Somerset 

Venango 

Washington 

Westmoreland 

Tennessee 

Anderson 

Bledsoe 

Campbell 

Claiborne 

Fentress 

Marion 

Morgan 

Scott 

Sequatchie 

Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price 

5 

11 

1 

3 

4 

18 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

7 

7 

4 

5 

16 

6 

17 

1 

1 

5 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

524 

7 

39 

2 

1 

1 

14 

20 

1 

6 

11 

66 

1 

8 

1 

10 

29 

18 

28 

30 

7 

7 

20 

1 

3 

22 

88 

1 

45 

2 

13 

22 

37 

1 

1 

11 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

14 

406 

2,664 

6 

196 

1,267 

1,915 

12 

3 

3,749 

822 

47 

2,362 

1,096 

424 

223 

2,369 

2,459 

1,758 

116 

407 

946 

6 

41 

104 

113 

24 

59,700 

53 

4,831 

195 

9 

170 

821 

3,708 

191 

143 

1,362 

5,111 

16 

228 

2 

484 

737 

22,703 

3,575 

1,710 

283 

298 

701 

260 

64 

231 

2,669 

5,491 

12 

2,974 

669 

3,047 

21 

18 

1,436 

248 

66 

120 

159 

253 

727 

S25.89 

24.25 

25.70 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

21.59 

26.56 

24.91 

w 

w 

S23.28 

w 

w 

26.50 

S29.90 

w 

w 

22.92 

27.83 

w 

19.25 

w 

23.86 

w 

w 

25.29 

20.60 

26.29 

32.02 

27.73 

w 

24.68 

33.50 

w 

w 

w 

35.89 

18.24 

28.99 

21.68 

27.23 

w 

w 

$28.44 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

26.13 

See footnotes at end of table. 

152 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, 

by State and County, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Texas 

Atascosa 

Freestone 

Grimes 

Harrison 

Hopkins 

Leon 

Milam .'.. 

Panola 

Robertson 

Rusk 

Titus 

Webb 

Utah 

Carbon 

Emery 

Sevier 

Virginia 

Buchanan 

Dickenson 

Lee 

Russell 

Scott 

Tazewell 

Wise 

Washington 

King 

Lewis 

Thurston 

West Virginia 

Barbour 

Boone 

Braxton 

Brooke 

Clay 

Fayette 

Gilmer 

Grant 

Greenbrier 

Harrison 

Kanawha 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mason 

McDowell 

Mercer 

Mineral 

Mingo 

Monongalia 

Nicholas 

Ohio 

Preston 

Raleigh 

Randolph 

Taylor 

Tucker 

Upshur 

Wayne 

Webster 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Campbell 

Carbon 

Converse 

Hot Springs 

Lincoln 

Sheridan 

Sweetwater 

Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price 

14 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

15 

9 

5 

1 

237 

88 

35 

19 

12 

1 

20 

62 

3 

1 

1 

1 

502 

13 

43 

6 

2 

4 

17 

1 

4 

20 

14 

17 

1 

2 

48 

6 

3 

1 

77 

2 

3 

62 

20 

25 

1 

24 

24 

9 

1 

2 

12 

5 

15 

18 

29 

16 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

54,567 

3,121 

5,005 

3,545 

3,766 

2,225 

7,558 

6,819 

8,643 

1,782 

3,920 

7,765 

417 

21,847 

10,239 

8,047 

3,561 

39,317 

13,958 

5,517 

2,524 

1,553 

53 

2,862 

12,850 

4,739 

222 

1,942 

2,576 

130,525 

2,263 

15,832 

621 

1,719 

1,902 

5,478 

57 

1,879 

1,072 

1,996 

6,821 

28 

1,879 

11,754 

2,472 

4,401 

166 

5,385 

109 

202 

25,741 

8,642 

4,684 

161 

2,208 

5,093 

904 

5 

137 

1,752 

2,265 

4,354 

8,542 

210,129 

181,581 

4,288 

10,206 

42 

4,369 

89 

9,554 

12.87 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

20.81 

S22.63 

w 

w 

26.80 

S26.07 

30.88 

25.19 

w 

w 

23.55 

26.76 

w 

w 

w 

w 

27.58 

S23.95 

29.22 

w 

w 

w 

28.39 

w 

w 

30.39 

w 

26.27 

w 

w 

26.24 

w 

w 

w 

20.84 

w 

w 

27.26 

27.98 

27.79 

w 

21.10 

32.37 

23.77 

w 

18.38 

w 

22.60 

30.52 

7.32 

S6.15 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 153 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, 

by State and County, 1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price 

U.S. Total 2,475 945,424 19.65 

* Data round to zero. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production and excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Table 85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

1993 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Anzona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total1 .. 

Interior Total1 

Western Total1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

$42.34 

20.22 S20.57 

25.27 -

22.89 -

w -

w -

24.77 -

25.50 -

22.36 -

25.21 _ 

w -

-

w 

24.04 22.24 

28.04 _ 

24.91 -

26.03 -

26.03 _ 

27.23 -

25.46 -

20.81 -

26.80 -

w w 

27.58 -

28.09 -

27.40 -

w w 

27.59 _ 

23.67 -

21.05 9.33 

26.76 _ 

21.26 9.33 

S7.63 

S32.94 

32.94 

12.77 

26.15 9.33 

13.04 

7.66 

11.11 

11.11 

32.94 

W 

32.94 

w 

2

 32.94 

S42.34 

w 

w 

w 

20.35 

25.27 

22.89 

w 

w 

24.77 

25.50 

22.36 

w 

25.21 

w 

11.05 

22.96 

7.63 

28.04 

24.91 

26.50 

32.94 

26.03 

27.23 

12.87 

20.81 

26.80 

w 

27.58 

28.09 

27.40 

7.32 

27.64 

20.03 

11.14 

26.81 

11.50 

19.85 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

2

 Does not include Arkansas. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

154 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coai by Mine Production Range and Mine 

Type, 1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

Over 1,000 

500 to 1,000 

200 to 500 

100 to 200 

50 to 100 

10 to 50 

U.S. Total 

Underground Surface Total 

S27.98 S12.92 S17.22 

28.19 25.66 26.86 

25.00 24.32 24.74 

24.53 23.48 24.09 

24.01 23.48 23.79 

24.93 24.36 24.61 

26.92 15.67 19.85 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Table 87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 

1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

7-12 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

13-18 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

S27.59 

19-24 w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

22.29 

25-30 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

24.92 

31-36 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

24.76 

37-42 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

25.03 

43-48 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

26.41 

49-54 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

26.88 

55-60 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

27.43 

61-66 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

27.12 

67-72 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

25.66 

73-78 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

27.26 

79-84 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

25.82 

85-90 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

22.46 

91-96 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

23.57 

97-102 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

22.53 

103-108 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

23.53 

109-114 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

115-120 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

S22.30 

> 120 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 

10.09 

U.S. Total 

w 

$25.12 

25.31 

25.42 

27.79 

29.02 

29.42 

28.54 

27.85 

29.12 

27.43 

24.28 

27.13 

24.45 

23.64 

w 

S21.89 

18.91 

26.92 

w 

S27.59 

w 

S24.89 

24.17 

24.44 

23.71 

23.60 

23.06 

23.14 

22.80 

22.69 

22.34 

21.35 

16.17 

21.67 

20.31 

w 

S24.00 

9.79 

15.67 19.85 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 155 
Table 88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

> = 16 

Productivity Range 

(short tons per miner per hour) 

8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

w w $44.08 $38.93 $48.61 $42.34 

- -

w - -w 

- -

w - -w 

- - - -

w w 

- w 18.22 w w 20.35 

- -

21.20 w w 25.27 

-

S18.70 22.18 w w 22.89 

- - - -

w w 

- -

w w -w 

S18.02 25.94 24.64 $24.91 $24.58 24.77 

w 28.95 25.44 25.33 w 25.50 

w 19.85 20.84 23.85 w 22.36 

-

w - - -w 

- -

w 26.19 w 25.21 

-

w w w w w 

w w - -

w 11.05 

-

w w w w 22.96 

w w w - -

7.63 

- w $23.70 S31.99 w 28.04 

- -

23.36 w w 24.91 

S12.27 S25.87 23.78 $25.97 $33.15 26.50 

12.27 29.87 38.48 44.28 50.40 32.94 

-

25.56 23.56 25.15 31.70 26.03 

- -

27.40 27.15 27.55 27.23 

-

12.29 w w -

12.87 

- w S20.60 w w 20.81 

-

w 24.84 $26.91 w 26.80 

- -

w w -w 

-

S25.37 25.96 29.32 $29.07 27.58 

-

w 25.36 29.81 29.40 28.09 

- w 26.12 29.07 28.95 27.40 

6.10 w w w w 7.32 

16.02 26.06 25.60 28.30 33.47 27.64 

14.81 13.58 18.78 w w 20.03 

6.64 17.38 20.58 w w 11.14 

15.62 25.08 24.70 27.66 33.30 26.81 

6.64 15.64 18.76 28.66 27.31 11.50 

6.73 18.10 22.84 27.69 33.02 19.85 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

156 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity 

Range, 1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

Productivity Range 

(short tons per miner per hour) 

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 Oto 2 Total 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Maryland 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Virginia 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

- -

S35.33 S49.65 S42.00 

w S15.66 w w 20.53 

-

19.96 w w 25.54 

- -

'w w w 

25.95 23.89 S25.71 S25.03 25.07 

w 24.47 25.97 w 25.42 

w 20.27 25.05 w 23.84 

-

w w -w 

- - -

w w 

- - -

w w 

-

w 36.48 w 30.73 

- - -

w w 

w S25.02 25.54 S33.65 27.35 

- - w w 36.02 

w 25.02 w w 27.29 

-

w w w w 

w 20.60 w w 20.81 

- w S27.14 w 27.26 

w $25.98 29.70 w 28.54 

-

26.56 30.24 w 29.28 

w 25.74 29.40 w 28.21 

-

w -w w 

27.12 24.95 28.37 34.38 28.23 

w 20.08 w w 25.07 

w 19.23 w w 20.75 

w 24.27 27.86 34.34 27.66 

w 19.23 30.86 w 20.75 

24.72 23.05 27.92 33.99 26.92 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 157 
Table 90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 

1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing State and Region 

Productivity Range 

(short tons per miner per hour) 

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total .... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River .. 

West of Miss. River. 

US. Total 

w w $44.08 S44.23 S33.83 S42.91 

- -

w - -w 

- -

w - -w 

- - - -

w w 

-

w 20.67 - -20.10 

- -

22.90 w w 24.18 

-

w w w w w 

- - - -

w w 

- -

w w -w 

S 18.02 S25.93 25.26 S22.59 S23.38 24.35 

W w 26.32 23.44 w 25.63 

W w 21.17 20.48 w 20.45 

-

w - - -w 

- -

w w w w 

-

w w w w w 

w w - - -w 

-

w w w -w 

w w w - -S7.63 

-

w w 29.68 w 26.51 

- -

w w w w 

S12.27 w S21.58 26.47 w 25.09 

12.27 w 38.48 w w 32.71 

-

w 20.87 w w 23.55 

- -

w w w w 

-

S12.29 w S25.46 w 12.87 

-

w w 25.48 w 25.29 

- -

w w -w 

-

w S25.95 26.75 w 25.57 

-

w 23.20 25.21 w 23.17 

-

w 26.38 27.21 w 26.02 

w w w w -w 

16.02 24.78 26.16 28.10 28.19 26.65 

14.81 w 18.52 W w 17.48 

6.64 w 21.47 w -10.05 

15.62 w 25.01 27.07 w 25.49 

6.64 w 18.56 26.53 w 10.61 

6.73 16.63 22.72 27.04 27.74 15.67 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

158 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Alabama 42.44 35.87 42.34 

Alaska ww w 

Arizona w - w 

Arkansas w - w 

Colorado w - 20.35 

Illinois w w 25.27 

Indiana w w 22.89 

Iowa w - w 

Kansas w - w 

Kentucky Total w w 24.77 

Eastern w w 25.50 

Western w w 22.36 

Louisiana w - w 

Maryland 25.21 - 25.21 

Missouri ww w 

Montana w w 11.05 

New Mexico 22.96 - 22.96 

North Dakota 7.41 10.60 7.63 

Ohio 23.85 42.17 28.04 

Oklahoma 24.91 - 24.91 

Pennsylvania Total w w 26.50 

Anthracite w w 32.94 

Bituminous w w 26.03 

Tennessee w w 27.23 

Texas 14.37 12.39 12.87 

Utah w w 20.81 

Virginia w w 26.80 

Washington ww w 

West Virginia Total 27.53 28.53 27.58 

Northern 28.05 28.57 28.09 

Southern 27.36 28.50 27.40 

Wyoming 6.85 13.28 7.32 

Appalachian Total 3 27.26 31.67 27.64 

Interior Total 3 22.50 12.73 20.03 

Western Total 3 10.77 14.98 11.14 

East of Miss. River 26.47 31.46 26.81 

West of Miss. River 11.07 13.59 11.50 

U.S. Total 19.98 18.28 19.85 

' Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 

2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

3

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 159 
Consumer Prices 

• ¥*% 

^5%§Ss3^ 

Metallurgical coal is used to make coke, as depicted in this photograph of glowing coke being pushed from a coke 

oven into a quenching car for cooling. The average price of coal delivered to U.S. coke plants in 1993 was $38.20. 
Figure 15. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1984-1993 

< M i i i i i i i i i 

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Sources: • Electric Utilities : Federal Energy Regulatory Commission(FERC), FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of 

Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants." • Coke Plants: Energy Information Administration (ElA), Form EIA-5, 

"Coke Plant Report — Quarterly." • Industrial: ElA, Form EIA-3, "Quarterl y Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing 

Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 161 
Table 92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

California 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

S43.34 S45.14 $47.13 $47.38 $44.54 $56.05 -4.0 

44.80 51.30 57.35 56.35 56.88 59.26 -12.7 

43.39 44.11 45.33 45.30 41.68 56.53 -1.6 

42.39 44.69 46.20 47.39 46.18 54.20 -5.1 

36.66 37.56 38.99 38.56 37.03 40.66 -2.4 

47.50 46.62 47.76 48.37 46.84 52.02 1.9 

38.63 38.62 41.19 41.45 40.32 45.21 * 

35.73 36.81 38.05 37.25 35.50 39.04 -2.9 

30.98 32.05 32.63 33.17 34.10 39.34 -3.3 

35.30 37.06 36.76 37.79 38.78 42.12 -4.7 

26.73 27.89 28.41 28.78 29.08 34.74 -4.1 

33.17 34.23 35.20 35.60 38.83 44.66 -3.1 

34.05 34.40 35.33 36.01 35.21 40.34 -1.0 

22.96 25.92 26.19 26.18 28.10 34.18 -11.4 

16.88 18.92 19.44 19.66 19.85 24.69 -10.8 

17.53 19.58 19.62 19.89 21.77 27.39 -10.5 

17.69 20.99 22.06 22.23 22.00 26.44 -15.7 

20.07 20.96 22.18 22.00 21.01 23.74 -4.2 

24.40 27.57 27.65 28.03 28.00 32.02 -11.5 

12.92 12.77 12.73 12.88 14.32 22.81 1.2 

9.38 9.45 9.37 9.10 9.13 11.37 -.8 

13.30 13.68 13.65 13.97 15.24 14.63 -2.8 

40.80 41.28 42.18 41.86 41.19 46.16 -1.1 

44.02 45.31 46.51 47.31 46.41 51.23 -2.8 

43.58 45.03 45.87 45.72 44.26 52.99 -3.2 

43.29 43.36 42.95 42.48 42.96 46.73 -.2 

40.78 40.68 41.83 41.96 40.92 45.28 .2 

42.36 43.00 44.49 44.64 44.35 48.62 -1.5 

40.17 39.13 41.37 43.54 43.08 49.26 2.6 

37.57 37.81 38.87 39.29 39.29 46.16 -.6 

35.42 36.88 37.93 36.66 35.33 40.14 -3.9 

33.30 33.05 33.93 33.98 33.73 40.38 .8 

42.56 41.67 43.82 44.58 44.84 49.04 2.1 

27.29 27.01 27.19 27.58 26.13 33.58 1.0 

40.51 39.94 41.92 41.49 42.29 58.88 1.4 

30.94 31.01 30.48 32.12 31.94 38.30 -.2 

22.14 22.55 22.98 22.91 22.69 27.07 -1.8 

29.50 28.84 27.90 28.17 28.45 31.11 2.3 

25.65 24.93 27.09 27.78 26.64 38.48 2.9 

21.32 21.47 23.17 24.98 24.03 29.80 -.7 

20.91 21.58 21.66 21.19 21.12 24.55 -3.1 

22.11 21.64 22.22 22.19 21.80 21.03 2.2 

27.78 28.31 29.16 29.98 28.81 25.66 -1.8 

21.59 21.67 21.49 20.81 20.95 21.90 -.3 

11.78 12.14 11.44 11.47 9.81 12.53 -3.0 

32.34 32.32 31.28 33.16 33.80 29.80 * 

24.61 23.83 25.02 24.03 22.61 16.88 3.3 

27.34 27.54 27.40 26.80 28.05 30.64 -.7 

14.03 13.42 14.55 14.74 14.86 16.66 4.6 

21.55 22.17 23.16 24.42 25.40 29.13 -2.8 

- - - - - 52.26 -

19.75 21.23 18.28 18.02 -

33.24 -7.0 

22.09 22.48 24.86 25.64 25.40 27.95 -1.7 

28.58 29.36 30.02 30.45 30.15 35.12 -2.6 

-0.7 

-5.8 

1.0 

-2.1 

-.2 

.3 

-1.1 

.1 

-2.4 

-2.3 

-2.1 

-3.9 

-.8 

-4.9 

-4.0 

-5.3 

-5.3 

-1.1 

-3.4 

-2.5 

.7 

-3.3 

-.2 

-1.3 

-.4 

.2 

-.1 

-1.1 

-1.7 

-1.1 

.1 

-.3 

-1.3 

1.1 

-1.1 

-.8 

-.6 

.9 

-.9 

-2.9 

-.3 

.3 

-.9 

.8 

4.7 

-1.1 

2.1 

-.6 

-1.4 

-4.0 

-3.4 

-1.3 

-2.8 

-3.1 

-2.9 

-2.7 

-1.1 

-1.0 

-1.7 

-1.0 

-2.6 

-1.9 

-2.9 

-3.3 

-1.9 

-4.3 

-4.1 

-4.8 

-4.4 

-1.8 

-3.0 

-6.1 

-2.1 

-1.0 

-1.4 

-1.7 

-2.1 

-.8 

-1.1 

-1.5 

-2.2 

-2.3 

-1.4 

-2.1 

-1.6 

-2.3 

-4.1 

-2.3 

-2.2 

-.6 

-4.4 

-3.6 

-1.8 

.5 

.9 

-.2 

-.7 

.9 

4.3 

-1.3 

-1.9 

-3.3 

-100.0 

-5.6 

-2.6 

-2.3 

Data round to zero. 

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight. 

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants." 

162 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by 

Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Percent Average Annual Percent Change 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1989 Change 

1992-1993 1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total $34.90 $37.28 $40.04 $41.82 $41.05 $61.60 -6.4 -4.0 -6.1 

Connecticut 36.07 42.36 48.72 49.73 52.42 65.12 -14.8 -8.9 -6.3 

Massachusetts 34.94 36.42 38.51 39.98 38.42 62.12 -4.1 -2.3 -6.2 

New Hampshire 34.13 36.90 39.26 41.83 42.56 59.56 -7.5 -5.4 -6.0 

Middle Atlantic Total 29.52 

38.24 

31.10 

28.77 

31.02 

38.50 

31.89 

30.40 

33.12 

40.57 

35.00 

32.33 

34.03 

42.70 

36.58 

32.88 

34.13 

43.17 

37.16 

32.72 

44.69 

57.16 

49.68 

42.90 

-4.8 

-.6 

•-2.5 

-5.3 

-3.6 

-3.0 

-4.3 

-3.2 

-4.5 

New Jersey 

29.52 

38.24 

31.10 

28.77 

31.02 

38.50 

31.89 

30.40 

33.12 

40.57 

35.00 

32.33 

34.03 

42.70 

36.58 

32.88 

34.13 

43.17 

37.16 

32.72 

44.69 

57.16 

49.68 

42.90 

-4.8 

-.6 

•-2.5 

-5.3 

-3.6 

-3.0 

-4.3 

-3.2 

-4.4 

New York 

29.52 

38.24 

31.10 

28.77 

31.02 

38.50 

31.89 

30.40 

33.12 

40.57 

35.00 

32.33 

34.03 

42.70 

36.58 

32.88 

34.13 

43.17 

37.16 

32.72 

44.69 

57.16 

49.68 

42.90 

-4.8 

-.6 

•-2.5 

-5.3 

-3.6 

-3.0 

-4.3 

-3.2 

-5.1 

29.52 

38.24 

31.10 

28.77 

31.02 

38.50 

31.89 

30.40 

33.12 

40.57 

35.00 

32.33 

34.03 

42.70 

36.58 

32.88 

34.13 

43.17 

37.16 

32.72 

44.69 

57.16 

49.68 

42.90 

-4.8 

-.6 

•-2.5 

-5.3 

-3.6 

-3.0 

-4.3 

-3.2 -4.3 

East North Central Total 24.94 

28.43 

26.47 

30.60 

27.72 

31.23 

29.28 

33.35 

31.43 

35.74 

43.23 

46.28 

-5.8 

-7.1 

-5.6 

-5.6 

-5.9 

Illinois 

24.94 

28.43 

26.47 

30.60 

27.72 

31.23 

29.28 

33.35 

31.43 

35.74 

43.23 

46.28 

-5.8 

-7.1 

-5.6 

-5.6 -5.3 

Indiana 21.53 23.03 24.13 25.40 26.80 38.18 -6.5 -5.3 -6.2 

26.71 28.26 29.90 31.42 35.79 49.08 -5.5 -7.0 -6.5 

Ohio 27.42 28.40 30.02 31.79 32.45 44.33 -3.5 -4.1 -5.2 

18.49 21.40 22.26 23.11 25.90 37.56 -13.6 -8.1 -7.6 

West North Central Total 13.59 

14.11 

15.62 

16.17 

16.52 

16.67 

17.36 

17.55 

18.30 

20.07 

27.13 

30.10 

-13.0 

-12.7 

-7.2 

-8.4 

13.59 -7.4 

14.11 

15.62 

16.17 

16.52 

16.67 

17.36 

17.55 

18.30 

20.07 

27.13 

30.10 

-13.0 

-12.7 

-7.2 

-8.4 -8.1 

Kansas 14.24 17.33 18.74 19.62 20.28 29.06 -17.8 -8.4 -7.6 

16.16 17.30 18.85 19.42 19.36 26.09 -6.6 -4.4 -5.2 

19.65 22.76 23.49 24.74 25.81 35.19 -13.7 -6.6 -6.3 

Nebraska 10.40 10.54 10.82 11.37 13.20 25.07 -1.3 -5.8 -9.3 

North Dakota 7.55 

10.71 

32.85 

35.44 

7.81 

11.29 

34.08 

37.42 

7.96 

11.60 

35.83 

39.51 

8.03 

12.33 

36.95 

41.76 

8.41 

14.04 

37.97 

42.78 

12.50 

16.08 

50.72 

56.29 

-3.3 

-5.2 

-3.6 

-5.3 

-2.7 

-6.5 

-3.5 

-4.6 

-5.4 

South Dakota 

7.55 

10.71 

32.85 

35.44 

7.81 

11.29 

34.08 

37.42 

7.96 

11.60 

35.83 

39.51 

8.03 

12.33 

36.95 

41.76 

8.41 

14.04 

37.97 

42.78 

12.50 

16.08 

50.72 

56.29 

-3.3 

-5.2 

-3.6 

-5.3 

-2.7 

-6.5 

-3.5 

-4.6 

-4.4 

South Atlantic Total 

7.55 

10.71 

32.85 

35.44 

7.81 

11.29 

34.08 

37.42 

7.96 

11.60 

35.83 

39.51 

8.03 

12.33 

36.95 

41.76 

8.41 

14.04 

37.97 

42.78 

12.50 

16.08 

50.72 

56.29 

-3.3 

-5.2 

-3.6 

-5.3 

-2.7 

-6.5 

-3.5 

-4.6 

-4.7 

7.55 

10.71 

32.85 

35.44 

7.81 

11.29 

34.08 

37.42 

7.96 

11.60 

35.83 

39.51 

8.03 

12.33 

36.95 

41.76 

8.41 

14.04 

37.97 

42.78 

12.50 

16.08 

50.72 

56.29 

-3.3 

-5.2 

-3.6 

-5.3 

-2.7 

-6.5 

-3.5 

-4.6 -5.0 

Florida 35.09 37.18 38.97 40.35 40.80 58.23 -5.6 -3.7 -5.5 

Georgia 34.86 35.81 36.49 37.49 39.59 51.35 -2.6 -3.1 -4.2 

Maryland 32.83 33.59 35.54 37.03 37.71 49.76 -2.3 -3.4 -4.5 

North Carolina 34.10 

32.34 

30.25 

35.51 

32.31 

31.22 

37.80 

35.15 

33.02 

39.40 

38.43 

34.68 

40.88 

39.70 

36.22 

53.43 

54.14 

50.73 

-3.9 

.1 

-3.1 

-4.4 

-5.0 

-4.4 

-4.9 

South Carolina 

34.10 

32.34 

30.25 

35.51 

32.31 

31.22 

37.80 

35.15 

33.02 

39.40 

38.43 

34.68 

40.88 

39.70 

36.22 

53.43 

54.14 

50.73 

-3.9 

.1 

-3.1 

-4.4 

-5.0 

-4.4 

-5.6 

Virginia 

34.10 

32.34 

30.25 

35.51 

32.31 

31.22 

37.80 

35.15 

33.02 

39.40 

38.43 

34.68 

40.88 

39.70 

36.22 

53.43 

54.14 

50.73 

-3.9 

.1 

-3.1 

-4.4 

-5.0 

-4.4 -5.6 

28.52 30.45 32.23 32.35 32.57 44.11 -6.3 -3.3 -4.7 

East South Central Total 26.81 

34.26 

27.29 

34.41 

28.83 

37.23 

29.99 

39.35 

31.09 

41.32 

44.37 

53.89 

-1.7 

-.4 

-3.6 

-4.6 

26.81 -5.4 

34.26 

27.29 

34.41 

28.83 

37.23 

29.99 

39.35 

31.09 

41.32 

44.37 

53.89 

-1.7 

-.4 

-3.6 

-4.6 -4.9 

Kentucky 21.97 22.30 23.10 24.35 24.09 36.90 -1.5 -2.3 -5.6 

Mississippi 32.62 32.98 35.62 36.62 38.98 64.71 -1.1 -4.3 -7.3 

24.91 25.61 25.89 28.35 29.44 42.09 -2.7 -4.1 -5.6 

17.83 

23.75 

18.62 

23.82 

19.52 

23.70 

20.22 

24.86 

20.91 

26.22 

29.75 

34.19 

-4.3 

-.3 

-3.9 

-2.4 

-5.5 

Arkansas 

17.83 

23.75 

18.62 

23.82 

19.52 

23.70 

20.22 

24.86 

20.91 

26.22 

29.75 

34.19 

-4.3 

-.3 

-3.9 

-2.4 -4.0 

Louisiana 20.65 20.59 23.02 24.52 24.56 42.29 .3 -4.2 -7.6 

Oklahoma 17.16 17.73 19.69 22.04 22.14 32.74 -3.2 -6.2 -6.9 

Texas 16.84 17.82 18.41 18.71 19.47 26.98 -5.5 -3.6 -5.1 

Mountain Total 17.80 

22.37 

17.87 

23.38 

18.87 

24.77 

19.59 

26.46 

20.10 

26.55 

23.11 

28.20 

-.4 

-4.3 

-3.0 

-4.2 

-2.9 

Arizona 

17.80 

22.37 

17.87 

23.38 

18.87 

24.77 

19.59 

26.46 

20.10 

26.55 

23.11 

28.20 

-.4 

-4.3 

-3.0 

-4.2 -2.5 

Colorado 17.38 17.89 18.26 18.36 19.31 24.07 -2.8 -2.6 -3.5 

9.48 10.02 9.72 10.12 9.04 13.77 -5.4 1.2 -4.0 

26.04 26.69 26.58 29.27 31.15 32.74 -2.4 -4.4 -2.5 

New Mexico 19.81 

22.01 

19.68 

22.74 

21.26 

23.28 

21.21 

23.65 

20.83 

25.85 

18.55 

33.67 

.7 

-3.2 

-1.2 

-3.9 

.7 

Utah 

19.81 

22.01 

19.68 

22.74 

21.26 

23.28 

21.21 

23.65 

20.83 

25.85 

18.55 

33.67 

.7 

-3.2 

-1.2 

-3.9 -4.6 

Wyoming 11.30 11.08 12.36 13.01 13.70 18.31 2.0 -4.7 -5.2 

Pacific Total 17.35 18.31 19.67 21.55 23.41 32.01 

57.42 

-5.2 -7.2 -6.6 

California 

17.35 18.31 19.67 21.55 23.41 32.01 

57.42 

-5.2 -7.2 

-100.0 

15.90 17.53 15.53 15.91 -36.53 -9.3 --8.8 

Washington 17.79 18.56 21.12 22.63 23.41 30.72 -4.2 -6.6 -5.9 

U.S. Total 23.01 24.24 25.51 26.88 27.78 38.60 -5.1 -4.6 -5.6 

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices 

are based on the cost including insurance and freight. 

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 163 
Table 94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants By Census 

Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

California 

Hawaii 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

S57.83 S65.71 S66.74 S65.11 $64.78 $59.17 -12.0 

- - - - - w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

- - - w w w w 

- - - - w -

w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

42.15 43.95 43.79 44.07 43.81 48.12 -4.1 

34.04 35.70 35.89 36.61 35.93 40.65 -4.6 

34.54 35.05 35.98 36.16 35.34 40.18 -1.5 

29.42 29.24 30.81 31.28 31.17 39.86 .6 

30.91 31.58 33.01 32.83 32.88 34.03 -2.1 

41.46 42.17 43.69 43.39 41.46 49.48 -1.7 

34.82 35.24 34.85 35.04 33.79 36.06 -1.2 

40.85 42.27 43.31 43.41 42.18 49.59 -3.4 

18.00 17.76 18.34 18.41 18.02 29.24 1.4 

28.01 27.17 29.15 30.26 30.86 38.10 3.1 

33.06 31.96 30.81 28.69 28.41 37.83 3.4 

35.81 35.63 36.26 36.63 36.51 40.08 .5 

32.12 31.48 31.28 30.18 29.56 35.64 2.0 

w w w w w 33.00 w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

48.28 48.27 47.42 47.22 46.05 49.90 * 

45.20 45.18 44.95 44.90 42.97 44.85 * 

32.18 32.83 33.71 28.71 31.62 32.09 -2.0 

43.44 43.46 43.05 44.86 42.63 48.00 * 

43.35 43.31 43.19 43.79 42.18 47.12 .1 

41.27 40.97 40.53 41.05 38.92 43.13 .7 

32.91 31.93 32.08 31.88 30.85 36.89 3.1 

w w w w w w w 

39.01 39.76 40.43 40.58 40.36 44.51 -1.9 

42.30 43.78 46.54 45.81 45.27 45.68 -3.4 

w w w w w w w 

35.41 35.52 35.66 35.16 34.57 39.22 -.3 

21.38 22.80 23.31 21.28 23.04 w -6.2 

44.06 44.61 45.09 45.39 44.31 44.71 -1.2 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w 37.36 w 

17.58 18.14 18.61 • 16.79 18.45 27.84 -3.1 

28.51 28.66 29.60 28.75 28.73 33.17 -.5 

40.51 40.95 40.09 39.54 39.78 w -1.1 

28.63 30.34 29.27 26.93 27.81 28.32 -5.6 

32.78 33.29 33.91 31.78 32.52 38.25 -1.5 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

26.51 25.35 26.43 28.49 26.79 32.71 4.6 

23.43 23.67 25.19 24.91 24.14 w -1.0 

43.83 43.37 45.75 45.96 44.12 52.06 1.1 

42.86 42.05 44.79 45.11 43.74 53.27 1.9 

w w w w -

46.24 w 

w w w w w w w 

53.11 56.25 59.16 55.63 49.50 50.67 -5.6 

32.23 32.78 33.54 33.59 33.03 39.30 -1.7 

-2.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.0 

-1.3 

-.6 

-1.4 

-1.5 

.8 

-.8 

• 

-2.4 

3.8 

-.5 

2.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

1.2 

1.3 

.4 

.5 

.7 

1.5 

1.6 

w 

-.8 

-1.7 

w 

.6 

-1.8 

-.1 

w 

w 

-1.2 

-.2 

.4 

.7 

.2 

w 

w 

w 

-.3 

-.7 

-.2 

-.5 

w 

w 

1.8 

-.6 

-0.3 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.4 

-1.9 

-1.7 

-3.3 

-1.1 

-1.9 

-.4 

-2.1 

-5.2 

-3.4 

-1.5 

-1.2 

-1.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-.4 

.1 

-1.1 

-.9 

-.5 

-1.3 

w 

-1.4 

-.8 

w 

-1.1 

w 

-.2 

w 

w 

-5.0 

-1.7 

w 

.1 

-1.7 

w 

w 

w 

-2.3 

w 

-1.9 

-2.4 

w 

w 

-2.2 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants." 

164 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by 

Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total $46.56 $54.26 $56.70 $57.46 $59.71 $65.02 -14.2 

Connecticut - - - - - w w 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

California 

Hawaii 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 25.95 27.07 28.49 29.65 30.44 43.18 -4.1 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

- - - w w w w 

- - - - w -

w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

33.94 36.29 37.21 38.89 40.38 52.88 -6.5 

27.41 29.48 30.50 32.31 33.12 44.67 -7.0 

27.81 28.94 30.57 31.92 32.57 44.15 -3.9 

23.69 24.15 26.18 27.61 28.73 43.80 -1.9 

24.89 26.08 28.04 28.98 30.30 37.39 -4.6 

33.38 34.83 37.12 38.30 38.21 54.38 -4.1 

28.04 29.10 29.61 30.92 31.14 39.63 -3.6 

32.89 34.91 36.80 38.31 38.87 54.49 -5.8 

14.49 14.66 15.58 16.25 16.61 32.13 -1.2 

22.55 22.43 24.76 26.71 28.44 41.87 .5 

26.61 26.39 26.18 25.32 26.19 41.57 .8 

28.83 29.42 30.81 32.33 33.65 44.05 -2.0 

25.86 25.99 26.57 26.64 27.25 39.16 -.5 

w w w w w 36.27 w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

38.88 39.86 40.29 41.68 42.44 54.83 -2.4 

36.39 37.31 38.19 39.63 39.61 49.28 -2.4 

25.91 27.11 28.64 25.34 29.14 35.26 -4.4 

34.98 35.89 36.57 39.60 39.29 52.75 -2.5 

34.90 35.76 36.70 38.65 38.87 51.78 -2.4 

33.23 33.83 34.43 36.23 35.87 47.40 -1.8 

26.50 26.37 27.26 28.14 28.43 40.54 .5 

w w w w w w w 

31.41 32.83 34.35 35.81 37.20 48.91 -4.3 

34.06 36.15 39.54 40.43 41.72 50.20 -5.8 

w w w w w w w 

28.51 29.33 30.30 31.03 31.86 43.10 -2.8 

17.22 18.83 19.81 18.78 21.24 w -8.5 

35.48 36.84 38.31 40.06 40.84 49.14 -3.7 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w 41.05 w 

14.15 14.98 15.81 14.82 17.01 30.59 -5.5 

22.96 23.66 25.15 25.37 26.48 36.45 -3.0 

32.62 33.82 34.06 34.90 36.66 w -3.5 

23.05 25.05 24.87 23.77 25.63 31.12 -8.0 

26.39 27.49 28.81 28.05 29.97 42.03 -4.0 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

21.35 20.93 22.45 25.14 24.69 35.95 2.0 

18.87 19.55 21.40 21.99 22.25 w -3.5 

35.29 35.81 38.87 40.56 40.66 57.21 -1.4 

34.51 34.72 38.05 39.82 40.31 58.53 -.6 

w w w w -50.81 w 

w w w w w w w 

42.76 46.45 50.27 49.10 45.62 55.68 -7.9 

-6.0 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-4.3 

-4.6 

-3.9 

-4.7 

-4.8 

-3.3 

-2.6 

-4.1 

-3.3 

-5.6 

.4 

-3.8 

-1.3 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-2.2 

-2.1 

-2.9 

-2.9 

-2.6 

-1.9 

-1.7 

w 

-4.1 

-4.9 

w 

-2.7 

-5.1 

-3.4 

w 

w 

-4.5 

-3.5 

-2.9 

-2.6 

-3.1 

w 

w 

w 

-3.6 

-4.0 

-3.5 

-3.8 

w 

w 

-1.6 

-3.9 

-3.6 

-4.8 

-5.3 

-5.0 

-6.6 

-4.4 

-5.3 

-3.8 

-5.4 

-8.5 

-6.6 

-4.8 

-4.6 

-4.5 

-3.7 

-3.3 

-3.4 

-4.5 

-4.3 

-3.9 

-4.6 

w 

-4.8 

-4.2 

w 

-4.5 

w 

-3.5 

w 

w 

-8.2 

-5.0 

w 

-3.3 

-5.0 

w 

w 

w 

-5.6 

w 

-5.2 

-5.7 

w 

w 

-2.9 

-5.5 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. 

See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 165 
Table 96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

West North Central Total . 

Missouri 

South Atlantic Total 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Utah 

U.S. Total 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

>46.41 S46.49 S46.86 S45.78 S44.77 $54.12 -0.2 

49.52 50.37 50.70 48.81 49.56 59.09 -1.7 

w w w w w 56.12 w 

52.29 53.72 53.31 49.39 51.47 61.60 -2.6 

- - w w w w w 

45.07 46.68 46.15 48.29 47.02 56.28 

w 

-3.4 

w w w w w 

w 

w w 

- - w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

47.50 47.80 48.35 48.93 46.67 54.36 -.6 

w w w w w w w 

_ _ 

w w w w 

w _ 

w w w w w 

w 

w w 

w w w w w w w 

w 

w 

0.9 

* 

w 

.4 

w 

-1.0 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

.4 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

47.44 47.92 48.88 47.73 47.50 56.58 -1.0 

-1.7 

-1.9 

w 

-1.8 

w 

-2.4 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.5 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.9 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.' 

Table 97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census 

Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

West North Central Total . 

Missouri 

South Atlantic Total 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Utah 

U.S. Total 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

S37.37 S38.39 $39.81 $40.41 $41.27 $59.47 -2.7 

39.87 41.60 43.08 43.08 45.67 64.93 -4.1 

w w w w w 61.67 w 

42.10 44.36 45.30 43.59 47.44 67.69 -5.1 

- - w w w w w 

36.28 38.54 39.21 42.63 43.34 61.85 -5.8 

- - - - - w -

w w w w w w w 

- - w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

38.25 39.48 41.07 43.19 43.02 59.74 -3.1 

w w w w w w w 

_ _ 

w w w w 

w _ 

w w w w w 

w 

w w 

w w w w w w w 

38.20 39.57 41.53 42.13 43.77 62.17 -3.4 

W 

w 

-2.4 

-3.3 

w 

-2.9 

w 

-4.3 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-2.9 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-3.3 

w 

w 

-5.0 

-5.3 

w 

-5.1 

w 

-5.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-4.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-5.3 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. 

are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 

Average prices 

166 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Import Prices 

Barges transport coal on an inland waterway. Second only to rail, waterborne transportation accounted for 22 percent 

of total U.S. coal distribution in 1993. 
Table 98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of 

Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Origin 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total . 

Canada 

Mexico 

South America Total. 

Colombia 

Venezuela 

Europe Total 

Denmark 

Netherlands 

Poland 

United Kingdom 

Asia Total 

India 

Indonesia 

Malaysia 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Australia 

Africa Total 

South Africa, Rep of. 

Swaziland 

Total' 

U.S. Total 2 

$29.00 $27.88 $25.10 $24.55 $26.07 $31.19 4.0 

29.02 27.88 25.10 24.45 25.73 31.19 4.1 

21.19 - - 38.36 31.26 - -

27.64 33.04 34.64 37.59 35.06 38.91 -16.3 

27.26 32.25 32.87 36.87 35.49 38.91 -15.5 

28.87 35.61 40.87 41.50 33.48 -

-18.9 

32.08 34.12 _ 37.17 44.34 34.14 -6.0 

32.08 - - 36.35 - - -

- - - - 44.34 50.00 -

- - - - - 34.14 -

-

34.12 -

37.19 -29.35 -100.0 

42.70 38.75 _ _ . _ 10.2 

-

23.65 - - - - -100.0 

42.70 40.94 - - - - 4.3 

-

47.06 - - - - -100.0 

31.56 36.07 37.97 41.73 34.44 30.40 -12.5 

31.56 36.07 37.97 41.73 34.44 30.40 -12.5 

27.81 49.29 _ „ _ 32.08 -43.6 

-

49.29 - - - 32.08 -100.0 

27.81 - - - - - -

29.36 32.48 32.34 33.43 31.97 33.73 -9.6 

29.89 33.46 33.12 34.45 34.14 35.37 -10.7 

2.7 

3.0 

-9.3 

-5.8 

-6.4 

-3.6 

-7.8 

-100.0 

-2.2 

-2.2 

-2.1 

-3.3 

-0.8 

-.8 

-3.7 

-3.9 

-.7 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-1.6 

-100.0 

-1.5 

-1.8 

1

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within 

the range of $20 to S50 per short ton, inclusively. 

2

 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports. 

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." 

168 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Export Prices 

Unit coal trains deliver their cargo to the Newport News coal yard, a major coal shipping terminal. 

• •.7F.Z--./- "r- • ; '-JA.jmsi::^-;^/ •iV^-V^.v^.Ei.-" ,\<g>SE.'';

" ;,". 
Table 99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other5 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total 4 

$34.16 $33.06 $33.61 $32.71 $42.24 $49.25 3.3 

33.86 33.00 33.48 32.63 42.30 49.32 2.6 

36.64 36.28 36.80 36.41 36.38 -

1.0 

44.03 43.48 43.64 37.55 41.79 45.80 1.3 

30.77 39.26 33.46 30.80 31.15 29.15 -21.6 

43.77 45.54 46.24 46.26 43.86 47.43 -3.9 

43.21 45.44 45.59 45.80 44.54 48.69 -4.9 

43.84 45.57 46.44 46.88 45.65 48.90 -3.8 

39.46 42.96 38.80 36.79 30.92 43.80 -8.1 

43.38 42.67 43.08 43.92 42.48 44.77 1.7 

43.14 44.01 44.82 45.02 43.56 43.78 -2.0 

41.96 43.29 42.57 49.24 49.44 -

-3.1 

34.95 32.69 32.95 34.37 33.28 40.88 6.9 

39.61 40.81 44.77 44.72 42.45 --2.9 

42.24 39.38 40.18 43.00 41.22 47.06 7.3 

38.98 38.27 39.33 41.61 42.51 48.86 1.8 

35.84 36.81 39.53 38.54 37.42 44.70 -2.6 

44.33 45.34 45.38 44.72 43.60 41.05 -2.2 

44.22 43.34 43.18 42.93 40.81 44.87 2.0 

-

47.95 32.11 -39.88 --100.0 

37.70 40.74 40.87 40.80 40.23 49.72 -7.4 

36.28 41.62 45.89 47.53 45.40 47.18 -12.8 

47.03 46.82 45.23 46.74 46.07 42.50 .4 

45.96 46.66 47.72 48.20 44.84 48.39 -1.5 

42.58 45.54 46.84 46.13 43.35 47.60 -6.5 

45.90 45.54 46.35 47.30 45.61 49.04 .8 

39.60 45.04 46.61 46.11 44.27 49.09 -12.1 

40.67 37.05 44.28 46.28 39.34 37.62 9.8 

40.58 42.65 43.24 43.32 42.17 44.78 -4.8 

-

35.70 - - - - -100.0 

39.49 41.23 41.73 38.64 37.79 42.09 -4.2 

45.13 37.55 38.58 38.93 - - 20.2 

34.79 39.11 39.87 39.42 39.17 43.09 -11.0 

40.88 42.91 43.39 44.26 42.97 47.09 -4.7 

42.12 44.93 45.95 46.38 44.78 45.65 -6.3 

37.31 38.71 40.44 38.02 37.27 44.20 -3.6 

34.46 34.50 - 36.60 34.98 40.00 -.1 

42.55 42.97 41.26 39.77 40.14 44.02 -1.0 

44.32 46.35 46.50 47.67 46.02 49.60 -4.4 

44.86 46.08 45.69 45.97 45.59 43.14 -2.6 

33.86 33.80 33.73 31.34 30.97 -

.2 

46.87 47.79 48.92 - - - -1.9 

40.53 -

40.81 -39.92 - -

41.53 41.44 42.35 42.25 42.42 46.42 .2 

41.41 41.34 42.39 42.63 42.52 50.72 .2 

-5.2 

-5.4 

.2 

1.3 

-.3 

-.8 

-1.0 

6.3 

.5 

-.2 

-4.0 

1.2 

-1.7 

.6 

-2.1 

-1.1 

.4 

2.0 

-100.0 

-1.6 

-5.4 

.5 

.6 

-.4 

.1 

-2.7 

.8 

-.9 

1.1 

-2.9 

-1.2 

-1.5 

-.4 

1.5 

-.9 

-.4 

2.3 

.4 

-.5 

-.6 

-4.0 

-4.1 

-.4 

.6 

-.9 

-1.3 

-1.2 

-1.1 

-.3 

-.2 

-1.7 

-1.2 

-2.5 

-2.4 

.8 

-.2 

-3.0 

-2 9 

1.1 

-.6 

-1.2 

-.7 

-2.3 

.9 

-1.1 

-.7 

-2.3 

-1.5 

-.9 

-1.9 

-1.6 

-.4 

-1.2 

.4 

-1.2 

-2.2 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 

4

 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

170 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total 4 

$27.50 $27.30 $28.55 $28.87 $38.93 $54.13 0.7 

27.26 27.25 28.45 28.80 38.99 54.20 .1 

29.50 29.96 31.27 32.13 33.53 -

-1.5 

35.45 35.90 37.08 33.14 38.51 50.33 -1.3 

24.77 32.42 28.43 27.19 28.71 32.03 -23.6 

35.24 37.61 39.28 40.83 40.43 52.12 -6.3 

34.79 37.53 38.74 40.43 41.05 53.50 -7.3 

35.29 37.63 39.46 41.38 42.07 53.74 -6.2 

31.77 35.48 32.97 32.47 28.50 48.13 -10.4 

34.93 35.23 36.60 38.77 39.15 49.20 -.9 

34.73 36.34 38.08 39.74 40.15 48.11 -4.4 

33.79 35.75 36.17 43.46 45.57 -

-5.5 

28.14 26.99 28.00 30.34 30.67 44.92 4.3 

31.89 33.70 38.04 39.47 39.12 --5.4 

34.01 32.51 34.14 37.96 38.00 51.72 4.6 

31.39 31.61 33.42 36.73 39.18 53.69 -.7 

28.86 30.39 33.59 34.02 34.48 49.12 -5.0 

35.69 37.44 38.55 39.47 40.19 45.11 -4.7 

35.60 35.79 36.69 37.89 37.62 49.31 -.5 

-

39.60 27.29 -

36.76 -

-100.0 

30.35 33.64 34.72 36.01 37.08 54.63 -9.8 

29.21 34.37 38.99 41.95 41.84 51.85 -15.0 

37.87 38.66 38.43 41.25 42.46 46.70 -2.0 

37.01 38.53 40.54 42.55 41.33 53.18 -4.0 

34.29 37.60 39.80 40.71 39.95 52.30 -8.8 

36.96 37.60 39.38 41.75 42.04 53.89 -1.7 

31.88 37.19 39.60 40.70 40.80 53.94 -14.3 

32.75 30.59 37.62 40.85 36.26 41.35 7.0 

32.68 35.22 36.74 38.23 38.86 49.21 -7.2 

-

29.48 - - - - -100.0 

31.80 34.05 35.45 34.10 34.83 46.25 -6.6 

36.34 31.01 32.78 34.36 - - 17.2 

28.01 32.29 33.88 34.79 36.10 47.35 -13.3 

32.92 35.44 36.87 39.06 39.61 51.75 -7.1 

33.91 37.10 39.04 40.94 41.27 50.16 -8.6 

30.04 31.97 34.36 33.56 34.35 48.57 -6.0 

27.75 28.49 - 32.31 32.24 43.96 -2.6 

34.26 35.48 35.06 35.10 36.99 48.37 -3.4 

35.68 38.28 39.51 42.07 42.42 54.51 -6.8 

36.12 38.05 38.82 40.57 42.02 47.41 -5.1 

27.26 27.91 28.66 27.66 28.55 -

-2.3 

37.74 39.46 41.56 - - - -4.3 

32.64 -

34.67 -36.79 - -

33.43 34.22 35.98 37.29 39.10 51.01 -2.3 

33.34 34.14 36.02 37.62 39.19 55.73 -2.3 

-8.3 

-8.5 

-3.1 

-2.0 

-3.6 

-3.4 

-4.0 

-4.3 

2.8 

-2.8 

-3.5 

-7.2 

-2.1 

-5.0 

-2.7 

-5.4 

-4.3 

-2.9 

-1.4 

-100.0 

-4.9 

-8.6 

-2.8 

-2.7 

-3.8 

-3.2 

-6.0 

-2.5 

-4.2 

-2.3 

-6.1 

-4.5 

-4.8 

-3.3 

-3.7 

-1.9 

-4.2 

-3.7 

-1.1 

-2.9 

-3.8 

-3.9 

-7.2 

-7.3 

-3.8 

-2.8 

-4.3 

-4.7 

-4.6 

-4.5 

-3.7 

-3.5 

-5.1 

-4.5 

-5.8 

-5.7 

-2.6 

-3.5 

-6.3 

-6.2 

-2.3 

-3.9 

-4.6 

-4.1 

-5.7 

-2.5 

-4.4 

-4.1 

-5.7 

-4.9 

-4.3 

-5.2 

-5.0 

-3.8 

-4.6 

-3.0 

-4.6 

-5.5 

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of 528 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively. 

4

 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices 

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 171 
Table 101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg . 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total4 

$36.03 $36.43 $38.54 $37.93 $46.04 $45.57 -1.1 

35.66 36.34 38.43 37.93 46.06 31.33 -1.9 

- - - - 36.38 - -

45.16 47.92 49.20 43.67 -

46.22 -5.8 

- - - 49.93 -

49.60 -

43.91 45.65 46.44 46.84 45.54 49.01 -3.8 

43.63 45.45 45.62 45.80 44.54 48.99 -4.0 

43.94 45.65 46.48 46.95 45.65 48.64 -3.7 

-

47.40 49.78 48.84 48.84 49.90 -100.0 

45.57 46.57 46.91 47.29 45.18 47.78 -2.1 

45.88 47.02 47.52 47.96 45.07 46.48 -2.4 

41.99 43.29 42.57 49.44 49.90 -

-3.0 

36.29 -

29.37 -

34.97 - -

39.61 40.81 46.21 44.72 42.41 -

-2.9 

45.17 44.39 43.96 45.29 43.46 47.48 1.7 

46.17 45.79 48.55 45.69 45.72 -

.8 

- - - - 36.20 - -

45.93 47.44 48.28 47.70 46.20 48.00 -3.2 

46.17 47.00 47.11 47.12 44.83 46.14 -1.8 

-

47.95 - - - - -100.0 

38.43 44.33 48.11 45.79 43.30 49.72 -13.3 

36.26 41.62 46.47 47.53 45.41 47.18 -12.9 

47.47 48.48 48.45 48.24 46.78 48.78 -2.1 

45.96 46.67 47.76 48.61 46.84 49.17 -1.5 

42.58 45.54 46.87 46.16 43.35 47.51 -6.5 

46.64 47.72 48.46 48.49 46.44 49.00 -2.3 

48.31 45.04 46.61 46.11 44.27 49.09 7.3 

-

37.00 44.32 48.05 43.93 43.49 -100.0 

44.04 45.39 46.00 46.18 44.36 48.41 -3.0 

44.86 45.63 46.80 47.48 45.50 49.29 -1.7 

45.13 - - - - - -

-

40.13 42.18 43.64 39.92 43.09 -100.0 

43.53 44.98 45.52 45.60 43.83 49.19 -3.2 

45.67 47.13 47.54 48.07 46.23 48.22 -3.1 

- - - - - 50.00 -

45.25 46.29 45.03 46.67 45.56 44.02 -2.2 

44.32 46.35 46.50 47.67 46.02 49.60 -4.4 

44.86 46.09 45.70 45.98 45.59 43.14 -2.6 

-

34.22 34.54 -33.11 -

-100.0 

46.87 47.79 48.92 - - - -1.9 

40.53 - - - - - -

44.11 45.36 46.07 46.29 45.11 47.82 -2.8 

44.11 45.41 46.15 46.51 45.19 52.41 -2.9 

-5.9 

-6.2 

-100.0 

-.9 

-.5 

-.9 

-100.0 

.2 

.4 

-4.2 

.9 

-1.7 

1.0 

.2 

-100.0 

-.1 

.7 

-2.9 

-5.5 

.4 

-.5 

-.4 

.1 

2.2 

-100.0 

-.2 

-.3 

-100.0 

-.2 

-.3 

-.2 

-.9 

-.4 

-100.0 

-2.6 

1.4 

-.3 

-100.0 

-1.2 

-1.3 

-1.1 

-100 0 

-.5 

-.1 

-.6 

-.6 

-.5 

-2.8 

-2.9 

-.3 

-.7 

-1.2 

-.5 

-.2 

-100.0 

-1.0 

-1.0 

-100.0 

-1.3 

-.6 

-100.0 

.3 

-1.2 

.4 

-.9 

-1.9 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 

4

 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

172 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by 

Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg . 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total4 

$29.01 $30.08 $32.75 $33.48 $42.43 $50.08 -3.5 

28.71 30.01 32.65 33.48 42.45 34.43 -4.3 

- - - - 33.53 - -

36.36 39.57 41.80 38.54 -

50.79 -8.1 

- - - 44.07 -

54.50 -

35.36 37.69 39.46 41.34 41.97 53.86 -6.2 

35.13 37.53 38.76 40.43 41.05 53.83 -6.4 

35.38 37.70 39.49 41.44 42.07 53.45 -6.1 

-

39.14 42.29 43.11 45.01 54.83 -100.0 

36.69 38.46 39.85 41.74 41.64 52.50 -4.6 

36.94 38.83 40.38 42.33 41.54 51.07 -4.9 

33.81 35.75 36.17 43.64 45.99 --5.4 

29.22 -

24.95 -

32.23 - -

31.89 33.70 39.26 39.47 39.09 -

-5.4 

36.37 36.66 37.35 39.98 40.06 52.17 -.8 

37.18 37.81 41.25 40.32 42.14 --1.7 

- - - - 33.37 - -

36.98 39.17 41.02 42.10 42.59 52.74 -5.6 

37.17 38.81 40.02 41.59 41.32 50.71 -4.2 

-

39.60 - - - - -100.0 

30.94 36.61 40.87 40.41 39.91 54.63 -15.5 

29.20 34.37 39.48 41.95 41.85 51.85 -15.0 

38.22 40.03 41.16 42.58 43.11 53.60 -4.5 

37.01 38.54 40.58 42.90 43.17 54.03 -4.0 

34.29 37.60 39.82 40.74 39.95 52.21 -8.8 

37.55 39.41 41.17 42.80 42.80 53.85 -4.7 

38.90 37.19 39.60 40.70 40.80 53.94 4.6 

-

30.55 37.66 42.41 40.49 47.79 -100.0 

35.46 37.48 39.08 40.76 40.89 53.20 -5.4 

36.12 37.68 39.76 41.90 41.94 54.17 -4.1 

36.34 - - - - - -

-

33.14 35.84 38.51 36.79 47.35 -100.0 

35.05 37.14 38.67 40.25 40.39 54.06 -5.6 

36.77 38.92 40.39 42.42 42.61 52.99 -5.5 

- - - - - 54.95 -

36.44 38.23 38.26 41.19 41.99 48.37 -4.7 

35.68 38.28 39.51 42.07 42.42 54.51 -6.8 

36.12 38.06 38.82 40.58 42.02 47.41 -5.1 

-

28.26 29.34 -

30.52 -

-100.0 

37.74 39.46 41.56 - - - -4.3 

32.64 - - - - - -

35.52 37.46 39.14 40.85 41.58 52.55 -5.2 

35.51 37.50 39.21 41.05 41.65 57.60 -5.3 

-9.1 

-9.3 

-100.0 

-4.2 

-3.8 

-4.2 

-100.0 

-3.1 

-2.9 

-7.4 

-2.4 

-5.0 

-2.4 

-3.1 

-100.0 

-3.5 

-2.6 

-6.2 

-8.6 

-3.0 

-3.8 

-3.8 

-3.2 

-1.2 

-100.0 

-3.5 

-3.7 

-100.0 

-3.5 

-3.6 

-3.5 

-4.2 

-3.7 

-100.0 

-3.9 

-3.9 

-5.9 

-2.0 

-3.6 

-100.0 

-4.6 

-4.6 

-4.5 

-100.0 

-3.9 

-3.5 

-3.9 

-3.9 

-3.4 

-6.1 

-6.2 

-3.7 

-4.1 

-4.6 

-3.9 

-3.6 

-100.0 

-4.4 

-4.4 

-100.0 

-4.7 

-4.0 

-100.0 

-3.1 

-4.6 

-3.0 

-4.3 

-5.2 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of S28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively. 

* U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices 

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 173 

^ V"viC'\?,- '-,'" <i'&?".'}F^£T%"~ 
Table 103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Egypt 

Morocco 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total 4 

$31.85 S31.42 $30.49 $30.49 $39.50 $49.29 1.4 

31.66 31.35 30.28 30.30 39.55 49.33 1.0 

36.64 36.28 36.80 36.41 36.38 -

1.0 

40.40 38.19 39.16 37.46 41.79 40.39 5.8 

30.77 39.26 33.46 30.73 31.15 29.08 -21.6 

40.05 42.38 39.13 37.16 30.27 44.53 -5.5 

37.81 38.57 35.95 

-

34.99 47.79 -2.0 

40.61 42.95 43.64 42.44 

-

49.40 -5.4 

39.46 36.96 36.32 35.83 30.27 35.25 6.8 

37.47 36.99 37.74 38.55 36.78 41.16 1.3 

34.09 36.35 37.08 37.64 33.58 41.76 -6.2 

41.51 

- -

48.99 48.99 - -

34.34 32.69 33.14 34.37 33.20 40.88 5.1 

40.85 

-

40.82 

-

45.02 - -

31.83 33.64 33.93 37.07 34.76 45.09 -5.4 

34.19 35.82 34.95 35.27 35.68 48.86 -4.5 

35.84 36.81 39.53 38.54 37.61 44.70 -2.6 

40.26 41.32 41.71 40.76 39.82 37.72 -2.6 

40.21 39.24 39.59 39.14 36.52 44.71 2.5 

- -

32.11 

-

39.88 - -

37.62 40.38 40.52 39.96 39.22 -

-6.8 

36.29 

-

42.64 

-

38.78 - -

39.22 38.47 34.32 34.92 34.13 38.26 1.9 

-

34.53 41.64 35.00 39.64 45.05 -100.0 

40.84 40.72 46.38 39.30 39.90 47.87 .3 

40.87 38.96 39.69 42.67 34.87 49.51 4.9 

29.03 

-

40.97 

-

35.00 - -

40.67 42.07 40.79 39.95 37.06 34.45 -3.3 

36.52 38.27 39.18 38.09 37.34 41.53 -4.6 

-

35.70 

- - - - -100.0 

39.01 40.63 41.16 37.81 36.12 41.97 -4.0 

-

37.55 38.58 38.93 

- - -100.0 

34.79 38.89 39.41 39.02 38.84 43.09 -10.5 

35.45 35.98 36.05 37.80 38.86 42.93 -1.5 

34.34 37.24 39.97 39.63 37.98 33.94 -7.8 

37.31 38.71 40.44 38.02 37.27 39.96 -3.6 

34.46 34.50 - 36.60 34.98 40.00 -.1 

33.86 33.78 33.56 31.34 30.90 _ .2 

40.88 39.92 40.81 35.91 - - 2.4 

33.86 33.77 33.53 31.34 30.90 -

.2 

- -

40.81 

-

39.92 - -

36.10 35.86 36.86 36.28 37.35 45.69 .7 

36.03 35.73 36.91 36.81 37.64 46.77 .8 

-5.2 

-5.4 

.2 

-.8 

-.3 

7.2 

2.0 

6.8 

.5 

.4 

-4.0 

.8 

-2.4 

-2.2 

-1.1 

-1.2 

.3 

2.4 

-100.0 

-1.0 

-1.6 

3.5 

-100.0 

.6 

4.0 

-4.6 

2.3 

-.5 

1.9 

-2.7 

-2.3 

-2.5 

-.4 

2.3 

2.3 

-100.0 

-4.7 

-4.8 

-1.2 

-2.6 

-2.1 

1.3 

-1.0 

-2.2 

-1.9 

-3.8 

-3.9 

-2.4 

.7 

-1.2 

.3 

-100.0 

-1.8 

-2.1 

1.8 

-1.4 

-.8 

-2.3 

-2.1 

.1 

-.8 

-1.6 

-.8 

-1.1 

-2.6 

-2.8 

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively. 

* U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

174 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Real Dollars per Short Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Egypt 

Morocco 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total* 

$25.64 $25.94 $25.91 $26.91 $36.41 $54.17 -1.1 

25.49 25.89 25.73 26.75 36.46 54.21 -1.5 

29.50 29.96 31.27 32.13 33.53 -

-1.5 

32.53 31.54 33.27 33.06 38.51 44.38 3.1 

24.77 32.42 28.43 27.12 28.71 31.96 -23.6 

32.25 35.00 33.25 32.80 27.90 48.93 -7.8 

30.45 31.85 30.54 -

32.25 52.51 -4.4 

32.70 35.47 37.08 37.46 -

54.29 -7.8 

31.77 30.52 30.86 31.62 27.90 38.74 4.1 

30.17 30.54 32.06 34.02 33.90 45.23 -1.2 

27.45 30.01 31.50 33.22 30.95 45.88 -8.5 

33.42 - - 43.24 45.15 - -

27.65 26.99 28.16 30.34 30.60 44.92 2.4 

32.89 _ 

34.68 -41.49 - -

25.63 27.78 28.83 32.72 32.04 49.55 -7.8 

27.53 29.58 29.69 31.13 32.89 53.69 -6.9 

28.86 30.39 33.59 34.02 34.67 49.12 -5.0 

32.41 34.12 35.44 35.97 36.70 41.45 -5.0 

32.38 32.40 33.63 34.54 33.66 49.13 -.1 

- - 27.29 -

36.76 - -

30.29 33.34 34.43 35.27 36.15 -

-9.1 

29.22 -

36.23 -

35.74 - -

31.58 31.77 29.16 30.82 31.46 42.05 -.6 

_ 

28.52 35.38 30.89 36.53 49.51 -100.0 

32.88 33.63 39.41 34.69 36.78 52.61 -2.2 

32.90 32.17 33.72 37.66 32.14 54.41 2.3 

23.37 -

34.81 -

32.26 - -

32.75 34.74 34.66 35.26 34.16 37.86 -5.7 

29.40 31.60 33.28 33.62 34.42 45.64 -7.0 

_ 

29.48 - - - - -100.0 

31.41 33.55 34.97 33.37 33.29 46.12 -6.4 

_ 

31.01 32.78 34.36 - - -100.0 

28.01 32.12 33.48 34.44 35.80 47.35 -12.8 

28.54 29.71 30.63 33.36 35.81 47.17 -3.9 

27.65 30.75 33.96 34.98 35.00 37.30 -10.1 

30.04 31.97 34.36 33.56 34.35 43.92 -6.0 

27.75 28.49 - 32.31 32.24 43.96 -2.6 

27.27 27.89 28.51 27.66 28.48 _ -2.3 

32.92 32.96 34.68 31.69 - - -.1 

27.26 27.89 28.49 27.66 28.48 -

-2.3 

- - 34.67 -

36.79 - -

29.07 29.61 31.32 32.02 34.43 50.21 -1.8 

29.01 29.50 31.36 32.49 34.69 51.39 -1.6 

-8.4 

-8.5 

-3.1 

-4.1 

-3.6 

3.7 

-1.4 

3.3 

-2.9 

-2.9 

-7.2 

-2.5 

-5.6 

-5.4 

-4.3 

-4.5 

-3.0 

-1.0 

-100.0 

-4.3 

-4.9 

.1 

-100.0 

-2.8 

.6 

-7.7 

-1.0 

-3.9 

-1.4 

-5.9 

-5.5 

-5.7 

-3.3 

-3.7 

-1.1 

-1.1 

-100.0 

-4.1 

-4.4 

-8.0 

-8.0 

-3.4 

-2.8 

-4.5 

-5.9 

-5.5 

-2.2 

-4.4 

-5.5 

-5.2' 

-7.1 

-7.1 

-5.7 

-2.7 

-4.5 

-3.1 

-100.0 

-5.1 

-5.4 

-1.6 

-4.8 

-4.2 

-5.7 

-5.4 

-3.3 

-4.1 

-5.0 

-5.9 

-6.1 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively. 

* U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

Notes: Real prices are in 1987 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices 

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 175 

Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and 

Mine Type 

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1992) 

State and Type of Mining 

Sulfur Content 

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) 

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 • 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50 

Total 

Alabama 

Surface 

Underground 

Alaska, Southern 

Surface 

Underground 

Alaska, Northern 

Surface 

Underground 

Arizona 

Surface 

Underground 

Arkansas1 

Surface 

Underground 

Colorado1 

Surface 

Underground 

Georgia 

Surface 

Underground 

Idaho 

"Surface 

Underground 

Illinois 

Surface 

Underground 

Indiana 

Surface 

Underground 

Iowa 

Surface 

Underground 

Kansas 

Surface 

Underground 

Kentucky, Eastern 

Surface 

Underground 

Kentucky, Western 

Surface 

Underground 

Louisiana 

Surface 

Underground 

Maryland 

Surface 

Underground 

Michigan 

Surface 

Underground 

Missouri 

Surface 

Underground 

Montana 

Surface 

Underground 

New Mexico1 

Surface 

Underground 

North Carolina 

Surface 

Underground 

North Dakota 

Surface 

Underground 

Ohio 

Surface 

Underground 

See footnotes at end of table. 

- 428 386 2,075 200 - 3,089 

- 259 273 1,685 139 - 2,356 

- 169 112 391 61 - 733 

2,458 95 - - - - 2,552 

390 42 - - - - 432 

2,067 53 

- - - -

2,120 

-

158 

- - - -

158 

- 106 - - - - 106 

- 51 - - - - 51 

- 8 163 45 6 7 228 

- 2 73 24 1 1 101 

- 7 90 20 5 6 127 

3,711 2,338 3,688 329 97 - 10,163 

' 291 127 3,326 41 14 - 3,799 

3,420 2,212 363 288 83 - 6,365 

1 1 * * * * 2 

# * * * * * 1 

* * * * « • 1 

• 1 • * - - 2 

« 1 • • _ _ 2 

- - 888 2,784 5,483 20,936 30,091 

- - 37 195 1,693 2,746 4,672 

- - 851 2,589 3,789 18,190 25,419 

- 318 188 685 1,141 2,065 4,396 

- 69 30 117 163 335 714 

- 249 158 568 978 1,730 3,682 

- - - - 408 720 1,128 

- - - - 320 - 320 

- - - - 87 720 807 

- - - - 226 458 684 

- - - - 226 458 684 

222 2,052 1,509 877 218 113 4,991 

37 330 299 227 45 23 961 

185 1,722 1,210 650 173 89 4,030 

- - - 159 2,753 6,468 9,380 

- - - 127 941 1,297 2,365 

- - - 32 1,812 5,171 7,015 

- - - 359 - - 359 

- - - 359 - - 359 

_ 32 59 121 210 _ 422 

- 3 8 13 34 - 58 

- 29 51 108 177 - 364 

- - 8 23 16 11 59 

- - 1 2 1 * 3 

- - 8 21 16 11 55 

- - - - 170 3,685 3,855 

- - - - 150 3,015 3,166 

- - - - 20 670 689 

33,650 16,846 16,798 4,820 2,023 1,372 75,508 

18,086 7,013 9,521 2,449 1,610 906 39,585 

15,563 9,833 7,277 2,371 412 466 35,923 

- 802 934 696 64 - 2,496 

- 236 716 470 - - 1,421 

- 565 219 226 64 - 1,074 

- - • 2 2 1 5 

_ _ • 2 2 1 5 

441 760 1,393 3,481 868 374 7,316 

441 760 1,393 3.481 868 374 7.316 

82 170 338 1,056 2,653 7,494 11,794 

20 97 170 420 873 2,330 3.910 

62 73 168 636 1,780 5,164 7,883 

J 78 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Coal Quality and Emissions 

Estimates of recoverable U.S. coal reserves as of January 1, 1992, were 265 billion short tons (Table 105). 

Low-sulfur coal (0 to 0.60 pounds of sulfur per million 

Btu), medium-sulfur coal (0.61 to 1.67 pounds of sulfur 

per million Btu), and high-sulfur coal (greater than 

1.67 pounds of sulfur per million Btu) accounted for 

38 percent, 32 percent, and 30 percent of total recoverable reserves, respectively. 

Nationally, the Btu, sulfur, and ash content of coal 

delivered to electric utility plants has declined over 

the last 10 years because (1) the use of low-sulfur coal 

increased, (2) coal cleaning increased, and (3) more 

advanced anti-pollution equipment and more efficient 

clean-burning technologies were introduced (Table 

106). 

The average Btu per pound of coal delivered to electric 

utilities in 1993 was 10,315, down from 10,395 in 1992. 

An increase in low-Btu-coal receipts from the Powder 

River Basin (PRB) and a decrease in coal receipts from 

the Appalachia and Interior coal-producing regions 

led to this decrease. 

The average sulfur content (measured as percent sulfur 

by weight) of coal received at electric utilities in 1993 

was 1.18 percent, down from 1.29 percent in 1992. An 

increase in receipts of low-sulfur coal from the PRB 

contributed to this decrease. In comparison, the quality 

of coal received at manufacturing and coke plants in 

1993 showed an increase in the sulfur content (Table 

107). 

Nationally, over the last 5 years, sulfur dioxide emissions have decreased at an average annual rate of 2 

percent. Carbon dioxide emissions have increased at 

an average annual rate of 1 percent, and nitrogen oxides 

emissions have remained about the same. These figures 

might seem by themselves to show only a slight gain 

in environmental quality over the last 5 years. However, when they are considered in the context of coal 

consumption at electric utility plants rising 47 million 

short tons (6 percent) over the same period, they do 

show a significant downward trend in emissions from 

coal-fired power plants. Table 109 presents a comparison of emissions from different types of fossil-fuel electric utility plants. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 177 
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and 

Mine Type (Continued) 

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1992) 

State and Type of Mining 

Sulfur Content 

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) 

< = 0.40 0.41 • 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50 

Total 

Oklahoma 

Surface 

Underground 

Oregon 

Surface 

Underground 

Pennsylvania, Anthracite .. 

Surface 

Underground 

Pennsylvania, Bituminous. 

Surface 

Underground 

South Dakota 

Surface 

Underground 

Tennessee 

Surface 

Underground 

Texas 

Surface 

Underground 

Utah 

Surface 

Underground 

Virginia1 

Surface 

Underground 

Washington 

Surface 

Underground 

West Virginia 

Surface 

Underground 

Wyoming 

Surface 

Underground 

U.S. Total 

Surface 

Underground 

- 222 123 179 114 183 821 

- 67 25 34 34 83 244 

- 154 98 145 80 100 577 

4 1 3 - 1 1 9 

1 * 1 - • * 2 

3 1 2 - 1 1 7 

181 468 96 17 2 • 764 

86 263 62 11 1 * 423 

95 205 35 6 1 - 341 

- 287 820 5,076 4,212 1,542 11,936 

- 24 69 327 242 144 806 

- 263 751 4,750 3,969 1,398 11,131 

- - 104 1 172 - 277 

- - 104 1 172 - 277 

_ 108 63 228 101 „ 500 

- 39 24 95 41 - 198 

- 69 39 134 60 - 302 

- - 600 5,768 3,462 382 10,212 

- - 600 5,768 3,462 382 10,212 

387 694 566 883 229 307 3,066 

8 32 19 85 35 34 212 

379 661 548 798 194 274 2,854 

214 691 437 145 - - 1,487 

45 206 169 48 - - 468 

169 485 269 97 - - 1,020 

63 92 86 502 - - 743 

- - - 68 - - 68 

63 92 86 434 - - 675 

671 6,684 2,810 4,122 2,554 3,256 20,097 

121 1,526 590 462 183 110 2,992 

551 5,157 2,220 3,660 2,371 3,147 17,105 

6,941 17,892 10,327 7,487 1,180 2,269 46,096 

4,588 9,126 4,273 2,362 539 2,236 23,125 

2,353 8,766 6,055 5,125 641 33 22,972 

49,025 51,146 42,385 41,920 28,562 51,644 264,682 

24,115 20,328 21,778 18,871 11,788 14,476 111,356 

24,909 30,818 20,608 23,049 16,774 37,169 153,326 

1

 Data include minor amounts of anthracite (all occurring in heat content categories greater than 23.00 million short tons) as follows: Arkansas 52.2, 

Colorado 13.4, New Mexico 1.2, and Virginia 70.5, expressed in million short tons. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Coal Reserves: An Update by Heat and Sulfur Content (DOE/EIA-0529(92)). 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 179 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

Census Division and State 

and Quality1 

New England 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Connecticut 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Massachusetts 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

New Hampshire 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Middle Atlantic 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

New Jersey 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

New York 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Pennsylvania 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

East North Central 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Illinois 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Indiana 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Michigan 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Ohio 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Wisconsin 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

West North Central 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Iowa 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

See footnotes at end of table. 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

13,033 

1.11 

7.62 

13,120 

1.18 

7.66 

13,176 

1.17 

7.52 

13,136 

1.24 

7.43 

13,109 

1.26 

7.59 

13,301 

1.43 

7.39 

-1 

-5.6 

-.5 

13,144 

.55 

6.95 

13,167 

.55 

6.25 

13,238 

.55 

6.07 

13,233 

.54 

6.36 

13,308 

.53 

6.13 

13,136 

.55 

6.65 11.1 

12,951 

1.03 

8.10 

13,070 

1.17 

8.26 

13,141 

1.22 

8.14 

13,062 

1.23 

7.89 

13,009 

1.23 

8.07 

13,233 

1.12 

7.32 

-1 

-11.6 

-1.8 

13,179 

1.62 

6.75 

13,260 

1.61 

6.52 

13,247 

1.43 

6.43 

13,303 

1.81 

6.75 

13,359 

2.00 

6.80 

13,541 

2.53 

7.71 

-1 

1.1 

3.5 

12,556 

1.96 

11.29 

12,555 

1.99 

11.45 

12,455 

2.04 

12.28 

12,409 

2.05 

12.38 

12,432 

1.95 

12.23 

12,357 

2.01 

12.91 

-1.9 

-1.4 

13,397 

1.29 

7.21 

13,465 

1.29 

6.84 

13,402 

1.27 

7.31 

13,429 

1.16 

7.36 

13,319 

1.18 

7.36 

13,212 

1.48 

8.16 

-1 

-.1 

5.4 

12,914 

1.55 

8.15 

12,978 

1.65 

8.02 

12,923 

1.77 

8.88 

12,846 

1.84 

9.13 

12,824 

1.69 

9.06 

12,553 

1.96 

11.00 

-6.3 

1.6 

12,443 

2.07 

12.11 

12,399 

2.12 

12.56 

12,302 

2.14 

13.30 

12,241 

2.16 

13.46 

12,273 

2.06 

13.34 

12,262 

2.05 

13.59 

-2.2 

-3.5 

10,885 

1.61 

8.41 

11,005 

1.77 

8.72 

10,971 

1.82 

8.75 

10,988 

1.82 

8.93 

11,044 

1.83 

9.03 

11,093 

2.10 

9.75 

-1 

-9.2 

-3.6 

10,362 

1.63 

7.51 

10,666 

1.91 

8.19 

10,721 

2.00 

8.54 

10,789 

2.07 

8.81 

10,705 

2.01 

8.65 

10,594 

2.02 

8.85 

-3 

-14.5 

-8.3 

10,539 

1.78 

8.23 

10,628 

1.88 

8.43 

10,570 

1.98 

8.45 

10,562 

2.06 

8.58 

10,698 

2.22 

8.94 

10,787 

2.39 

9.84 

-1 

-5.2 

-2.4 

10,853 

.68 

6.61 

10,995 

.69 

6.76 

11,052 

.70 

6.58 

11,131 

.70 

6.79 

11,278 

.67 

6.89 

11,670 

1.20 

8.42 

-1 

-1.9 

-2.2 

12,049 

2.39 

11.01 

11,983 

2.57 

11.24 

11,945 

2.63 

11.39 

11,882 

2.44 

11.47 

11,835 

2.46 

11.49 

11,760 

2.57 

11.62 

1 

-6.7 

-2.0 

9,490 

.49 

6.11 

9,725 

.71 

6.18 

9,643 

.81 

6.20 

9,642 

.81 

6.33 

9,705 

.86 

6.38 

9,954 

1.51 

7.78 

-2 

-30.8 

-1.1 

8,366 

.63 

6.74 

8,602 

.91 

7.18 

8,665 

.92 

7.23 

8,701 

.96 

7.41 

8,676 

1.00 

7.52 

8,912 

1.29 

8.62 

-3 

-31.0 

-6.1 

8,660 

.52 

5.47 

8,867 

.67 

5.78 

8,890 

.67 

5.99 

8,892 

.70 

5.98 

8,940 

.78 

5.93 

8,972 

.83 

6.71 

-2 

-23.0 

-5.4 

-3.2 

.1 

.9 

3.2 

4.3 

.1 

-5.0 

-.2 

.1 

-2.0 

2.2 

-.5 

-2.2 

-2.6 

.1 

-2.4 

-3.2 

-1.8 

-1 

-5.1 

-3.5 

-5.3 

-2.0 

-1 

.1 

-1.0 

-.6 

-1.0 

-1 

-12.9 

-1.1 

-1 

-10.9 

-2.7 

-1 

-9.6 

-2.0 

-2.8 

.3 

.2 

.5 

-.9 

1.1 

-4.8 

-1.5 

-.3 

-1.5 

-1.5 

-1.4 

-2.6 

-3.3 

.1 

-1.3 

-2.9 

-1.6 

-2.3 

-1.8 

-3.3 

-2.0 

-1 

-6.2 

-2.6 

-.8 

-.6 

-1 

-11.7 

-2.6 

-1 

-7.7 

-2.7 

-5.1 

-2.2 

180 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

Census Division and State 

and Quality1 

Kansas 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Minnesota 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Missouri 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Nebraska 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

North Dakota 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

South Dakota 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

South Atlantic 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Delaware 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Florida 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Georgia 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Maryland 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

North Carolina 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

South Carolina 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Virginia 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

West Virginia 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

East South Central 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Alabama 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

See footnotes at end of table. 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

8,654 

.43 

5.19 

8,900 

.49 

5.74 

8,998 

.59 

5.63 

8,948 

.58 

5.81 

8,876 

.64 

6.00 

8,790 

.86 

7.26 

-3 

-12.4 

-9.5 

8,844 

.44 

6.40 

8,838 

.45 

6.57 

8,802 

.48 

7.08 

8,788 

.51 

7.58 

8,767 

.51 

7.09 

8,677 

.82 

9.22 

-3.1 

-2.6 

9,860 

1.02 

6.54 

10,321 

1.80 

7.71 

10,298 

1.84 

8.00 

10,400 

2.01 

8.33 

10,368 

2.09 

8.92 

10,707 

2.56 

10.50 

-4 

-43.4 

-15.1 

8,561 

.35 

5.11 

8,553 

.37 

5.00 

8,542 

.35 

4.97 

8,561 

.35 

5.05 

8,664 

.36 

5.15 

8,898 

.39 

5.49 

-3.6 

2.3 

6,570 

.74 

9.47 

6,558 

.87 

9.29 

6,606 

.83 

9.17 

6,636 

.81 

9.26 

6,580 

.73 

9.16 

6,522 

.68 

9.12 

-15.1 

1.9 

6,057 

.90 

8.82 

6,034 

.92 

9.34 

6,025 

.87 

9.04 

6,096 

.90 

8.44 

6,137 

.89 

7.74 

6,102 

.85 

7.97 

-1.4 

-5.5 

12,465 

1.39 

9.81 

12,461 

1.52 

9.95 

12,425 

1.51 

9.94 

12,395 

1.52 

9.99 

12,422 

1.50 

10.08 

12,360 

1.53 

10.60 

-8.3 

-1.4 

13,027 

.94 

9.08 

13,064 

1.03 

8.83 

13,053 

.96 

8.66 

13,035 

.97 

8.71 

12,943 

1.04 

8.99 

12,987 

.98 

8.60 

-8.8 

2.7 

12,332 

1.57 

8.04 

12,370 

1.68 

8.33 

12,351 

1.73 

8.42 

12,364 

1.73 

8.44 

12,383 

1.75 

8.58 

12,228 

1.84 

9.53 

-6.9 

-3.4 

12,148 

1.37 

9.94 

12,039 

1.68 

10.29 

11,936 

1.63 

10.00 

11,893 

1.63 

9.81 

12,100 

1.68 

10.13 

12,125 

1.80 

10.03 

1 

-18.3 

-3.4 

12,752 

1.31 

10.02 

12,753 

1.36 

10.47 

12,796 

1.34 

10.46 

12,734 

1.44 

10.48 

12,698 

1.43 

10.46 

12,618 

1.54 

11.25 

-3.9 

-4.3 

12,465 

.96 

10.12 

12,456 

.92 

10.17 

12,506 

.94 

9.96 

12,544 

.96 

9.89 

12,531 

.92 

9.93 

12,477 

.89 

10.28 

4.6 

-.5 

12,802 

1.17 

8.92 

12,817 

1.14 

8.77 

12,724 

1.19 

9.09 

12,655 

1.19 

9.21 

12,618 

1.12 

9.16 

12,529 

1.26 

9.92 

2.0 

1.7 

12,817 

1.00 

9.60 

12,830 

1.03 

9.48 

12,768 

1.00 

9.79 

12,714 

.96 

9.84 

12,693 

.94 

9.44 

12,621 

.96 

9.89 

-3.0 

1.3 

12,489 

1.94 

11.61 

12,524 

2.05 

11.32 

12,505 

1.92 

11.41 

12,452 

1.89 

11.55 

12,395 

1.85 

11.71 

12,334 

1.79 

12.11 

-5.4 

2.6 

11,988 

1.91 

10.92 

11,933 

1.99 

10.70 

11,924 

2.01 

10.83 

11,855 

2.10 

11.12 

11,800 

2.18 

11.36 

11,735 

2.05 

11.48 

-4.1 

2.0 

12,092 

1.33 

11.79 

12,061 

1.43 

11.80 

12,107 

1.40 

11.77 

12,094 

1.51 

11.74 

12,023 

1.64 

11.87 

12,030 

1.51 

12.04 

-7.3 

-.1 

-1 

-9.6 

-3.6 

-4.0 

-2.5 

-1 

-16.5 

-7.4 

-.4 

-.1 

.2 

.9 

.4 

3.3 

-1.8 

-.7 

-2.6 

.2 

-2.8 

-1.6 

-4.8 

-.5 

-2.3 

-1.1 

1.2 

.5 

1.0 

-.6 

1.5 

.4 

1.2 

-.2 

-3.3 

-1.0 

-5.2 

-.2 

-7.4 

-3.7 

-6.8 

-4.0 

-1 

-9.7 

-5.1 

-1.1 

-.8 

1.0 

.4 

.7 

1.1 

-1.0 

-.9 

-.5 

.6 

-1.8 

-1.9 

-2.9 

-.1 

-1.8 

-1.3 

.8 

-.2 

-.8 

-1.2 

.9 

-.5 

-.8 

-.5 

-1.4 

-.2 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

Census Division and State 

and Quality 1 

Kentucky 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Mississippi 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Tennessee 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

West South Central 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Arkansas 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Louisiana 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Oklahoma 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Texas 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Mountain 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Arizona 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Colorado 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Montana 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Nevada 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

New Mexico 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Utah 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

Wyoming 

Btu 

Sulfur 

Ash 

See footnotes at end of table. 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

11,697 

2.39 

11.64 

11,620 

2.44 

11.60 

11,552 

2.53 

11.80 

11,558 

2.59 

12.12 

11,493 

2.74 

12.47 

11,436 

2.56 

12.18 

1 

-2.1 

.3 

12,338 

1.41 

8.52 

12,507 

1.69 

8.31 

12,555 

1.56 

8.09 

12,543 

1.64 

7.84 

12,654 

1.56 

7.77 

12,115 

1.44 

9.32 

-1 

-16.6 

2.5 

12,268 

1.92 

9.14 

12,182 

2.02 

8.31 

12,169 

2.04 

8.59 

11,966 

2.00 

9.46 

11,895 

1.99 

9.56 

11,805 

1.95 

10.52 

1 

-5.0 

10.0 

7,646 

.64 

10.06 

7,648 

.65 

10.25 

7,662 

.65 

10.42 

7,701 

.65 

10.04 

7,692 

.62 

10.01 

7,727 

.53 

9.78 

-1.4 

-1.9 

8,665 

.32 

5.06 

8,724 

.32 

5.12 

8,734 

.32 

5.14 

8,740 

.34 

5.26 

8,720 

.34 

5.26 

8,592 

.37 

5.67 

-1 

.4 

-1.2 

8,092 

.52 

7.13 

8,122 

.50 

7.20 

8,223 

.49 

7.24 

8,194 

.49 

7.47 

8,187 

.48 

7.27 

8,508 

.45 

5.97 

3.8 

-1.0 

8,621 

.37 

5.21 

8,700 

.42 

5.24 

8,792 

.44 

5.27 

8,894 

.47 

5.50 

8,825 

.45 

5.43 

8,603 

.42 

5.36 

-1 

-11.7 

-.7 

7,284 

.75 

11.95 

7,234 

.76 

12.33 

7,225 

.75 

12.56 

7,291 

.74 

11.80 

7,287 

.71 

11.84 

7,331 

.59 

11.72 

1 

-1.9 

-3.1 

9,751 

.54 

11.19 

9,722 

.55 

11.15 

9,777 

.53 

10.90 

9,792 

.55 

11.00 

9,771 

.55 

11.12 

9,645 

.56 

11.32 

-1.6 

.4 

10,271 

.49 

12.08 

10,303 

.51 

12.19 

10,356 

.51 

12.49 

10,482 

.49 

11.95 

10,596 

.49 

11.22 

10,595 

.49 

11.34 

-3.1 

-.9 

9,888 

.38 

6.97 

9,920 

.38 

7.01 

9,888 

.37 

6.76 

9,808 

.38 

6.95 

9,848 

.37 

6.93 

9,655 

.40 

6.78 

.4 

-.5 

8,496 

.65 

8.99 

8,576 

.66 

8.92 

8,522 

.65 

8.81 

8,564 

.63 

8.84 

8,509 

.66 

9.46 

8,512 

.73 

8.95 

-1 

-1.2 

.8 

11,012 

.49 

9.73 

11,051 

.49 

9.67 

11,121 

.50 

9.80 

11,122 

.53 

9.82 

11,117 

.52 

9.51 

11,191 

.55 

9.60 

-1.1 

.6 

8,992 

.81 

22.77 

9,013 

.81 

22.49 

9,092 

.80 

22.26 

9,117 

.79 

21.84 

9,129 

.79 

21.43 

9,035 

.79 

21.30 

-.1 

1.3 

11,489 

.48 

10.47 

11,384 

.47 

11.24 

11,469 

.46 

10.52 

11,483 

.49 

10.13 

11,322 

.49 

11.59 

11,427 

.52 

11.73 

1 

1.8 

-6.8 

8,779 

.51 

7.78 

8,840 

.52 

7.54 

8,756 

.51 

7.64 

8,811 

.54 

7.69 

8,788 

.52 

7.87 

8,646 

.52 

7.78 

-1 

-1.4 

3.1 

-3.4 

-1.7 

-1 

-2.5 

2.3 

1 

-.9 

-1.1 

.8 

.1 

-1.2 

-.9 

2.2 

-.5 

-1 

-4.5 

-1.0 

1.2 

.2 

-.4 

.2 

-1 

.2 

1.8 

-.3 

-1.3 

-1.7 

.6 

.5 

1.5 

-.5 

-2.5 

-.5 

-.3 

-0.8 

-.5 

-.3 

-1.0 

-.2 

-1.5 

2.1 

.3 

-1.5 

-1.2 

-1 

1.6 

2.0 

-1.2 

-.3 

2.7 

.2 

-.5 

-.1 

-.5 

.3 

-1.3 

-1.4 

.1 

-.9 

-1.2 

182 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

Census Division and State 

and Quality 1 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Pacific 

Btu 8,283 8,550 8,122 8,169 8,161 8,217 -3 

Sulfur .63 .59 .57 .64 .66 .78 6.8 -1.1 

Ash 12.58 11.39 12.22 13.00 13.57 13.66 10.5 -1.9 

California 

Btu ____ _ 11,390 

Sulfur ____ _ .40 -

Ash ____ _ 7.94 

Oregon 

Btu 8,801 9,642 8,429 8,348 - 8,327 -9 

Sulfur .38 .40 .32 .31 - .34 -5.2 

Ash 4.98 4.42 4.60 4.57 - 4.80 12.9 

Washington 

Btu 8,125 8,189 8,014 8,135 8,161 8,100 -1 

Sulfur .71 .66 .66 .70 .66 .84 8.2 1.8 

Ash 14.90 13.69 14.88 14.62 13.57 14.72 8.8 2.3 

U.S. Total 

Btu 10,315 10,395 10,378 10,465 10,425 10,552 -1 

Sulfur 1.18 1.29 1.30 1.35 1.33 1.47 -8.7 -2.9 

Ash 9.55 9.71 9.76 9.85 9.93 10.36 -1.6 -.9 

1

 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); Sulfur (percent by weight); and Ash (percent by weight). 

* Data round to zero. 

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.' 

-2.3 

-.9 

-100 

-100.0 

-100.0 

1 

1.3 

.4 

-1.8 

.1 

-2.4 

-.9 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke 

Plants by Census Division and State, 1992-1993 

New England 

Btu 13,992 13,136 6.5 

Sulfur .78 .63 24.8 

Ash 5.48 5.45 .5 

Maine 

Btu 13,062 13,146 -.6 

Sulfur 1.29 1.41 -8.2 

Ash 7.18 7.13 .7 

Massachusetts 

Btu 13,992 13,136 6.5 

Sulfur .78 .63 24.8 

Ash 5.48 5.45 .5 

Middle Atlantic 

Btu 12,367 12,458 -.7 

Sulfur 1.06 1.19 -11.6 

Ash 7.37 7.93 -7.1 

New Jersey 

Btu 11,685 12,646 -7.6 

Sulfur .83 .84 -1.4 

Ash 10.71 10.79 -.7 

New York2 

Btu 13,044 13,194 -1.1 

Sulfur 1.69 1.57 8.2 

Ash 7.73 7.50 3.0 

Pennsylvania2 

Btu 12,117 12,127 -.1 

Sulfur .99 1.12 -11.7 

Ash 7.30 7.97 -8.4 

East North Central 

Btu 11,192 11,227 -.3 

Sulfur '. 2.37 1.29 83.8 

Ash 7.01 7.01 .1 

Illinois2 

Btu 11,312 9,746 16.1 

Sulfur 4.81 1.65 191.4 

Ash 7.03 7.52 -6.5 

Indiana2 

Btu 9,091 11,610 -21.7 

Sulfur 1.24 1.27 -2.2 

Ash 6.90 6.48 6.5 

Michigan2 

Btu 12,547 12,773 -1.8 

Sulfur 1.05 .72 45.8 

Ash 6.98 7.48 -6.6 

Ohio2 

Btu 12,201 11,005 10.9 

Sulfur 1.40 1.26 10.5 

Ash 7.10 7.14 -.6 

Wisconsin 

Btu 11,745 11,945 -1.7 

Sulfur 1.83 1.57 16.4 

Ash 7.25 7.08 2.4 

West North Central 

Btu 8,589 8,634 -.5 

Sulfur .90 .91 -1.1 

Ash 6.46 6.70 -3.7 

Iowa 

Btu 10,344 10,420 -.7 

Sulfur 1.13 1.15 -1.5 

Ash 6.41 6.33 1.2 

Kansas 

Btu 12,479 12,803 -2.5 

Sulfur 3.14 3.92 -19.9 

Ash 11.78 12.72 -7.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

184 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke 

Plants by Census Division and State, 1992-1993 (Continued) 

Minnesota 

Btu 10,003 10,089 -0.8 

Sulfur .51 .55 -6.9 

Ash 4.56 5.36 -14.8 

Missouri2 

Btu 11,527 11,646 -1.0 

Sulfur 2.01 2.21 -9.1 

Ash 10.11 10.23 -1.2 

Nebraska 

Btu 9,979 9,702 2.9 

Sulfur .37 .38 -2.3 

Ash 5.20 5.26 -1.1 

North Dakota 

Btu 7,172 7,159 .2 

Sulfur .70 .64 8.7 

Ash 6.16 6.32 -2.6 

South Dakota 

Btu 8,159 9,909 -17.7 

Sulfur .39 .91 -57.0 

Ash 5.42 8.25 -34.3 

South Atlantic 

Btu 12,669 13,030 -2.8 

Sulfur 1.11 .93 20.0 

Ash 7.63 7.75 -1.5 

Delaware 

Btu 13,087 13,217 -1.0 

Sulfur 2.00 1.78 12.3 

Ash 9.26 7.45 24.4 

Florida 

Btu 12,742 12,892 -1.2 

Sulfur .97 .97 -.7 

Ash 9.46 9.48 -.2 

Georgia 

Btu 12,870 12,879 -.1 

Sulfur 1.30 1.04 24.7 

Ash 7.73 8.18 -5.5 

Maryland2 

Btu 12,422 12,408 .1 

Sulfur 1.93 1.97 -2.3 

Ash 13.32 13.29 .2 

North Carolina 

Btu 13,321 13,383 -.5 

Sulfur .92 .94 -2.9 

Ash 6.89 6.86 .5 

South Carolina 

Btu 12,955 13,099 -1.1 

Sulfur 1.22 1.06 15.8 

Ash 8.67 8.52 1.8 

Virginia2 

Btu 12,069 13,137 -8.1 

Sulfur .98 .75 30.0 

Ash 7.29 7.10 2.7 

West Virginia2 

Btu 12,131 12,854 -5.6 

Sulfur 1.06 .81 30.6 

Ash 6.32 7.14 -11.5 

East South Central 

Btu 11,824 11,655 1.4 

Sulfur .74 .84 -11.9 

Ash 4.54 6.70 -32.3 

Alabama2 

Btu 10,871 9,808 10.8 

Sulfur .71 .79 -10.0 

Ash 4.25 6.53 -34.9 

Kentucky2 

Btu 10,237 13,059 -21.6 

Sulfur .90 .66 34.9 

Ash 6.04 6.51 -7.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 18S 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke 

Plants by Census Division and State, 1992-1993 (Continued) 

Mississippi 

Btu 12,013 12,205 -1.6 

Sulfur 2.52 1.70 48.2 

Ash 10.33 8.13 27.1 

Tennessee2 

Btu 13,059 13,198 -1.1 

Sulfur 1.08 1.21 -10.4 

Ash 8.38 7.36 13.9 

West South Central 

Btu 8,794 8,900 -1.2 

Sulfur 1.05 1.19 -11.5 

Ash 11.55 12.03 -4.0 

Arkansas 

Btu 12,850 12,798 .4 

Sulfur 1.97 2.42 -18.4 

Ash 9.78 10.00 -2.2 

Louisiana 

Btu 9,255 9,086 1.9 

Sulfur .39 .33 20.1 

Ash 5.83 5.07 14.9 

Oklahoma 

Btu 11,263 12,220 -7.8 

Sulfur .89 1.08 -17.6 

Ash 6.86 7.01 -2.0 

Texas2 

Btu 8,153 8,134 .2 

Sulfur 1.09 1.22 -10.6 

Ash 12.98 13.79 -5.9 

Mountain 

Btu 10,066 10,506 -4.2 

Sulfur .54 .79 -31.0 

Ash 6.81 6.72 1.4 

Arizona 

Btu 9,188 11,136 -17.5 

Sulfur .46 .65 -29.3 

Ash 11.17 11.79 -5.3 

Colorado 

Btu 10,557 10,624 -.6 

Sulfur .54 .67 -20.3 

Ash 6.52 8.16 -20.1 

Idaho 

Btu 6,138 9,980 -38.5 

Sulfur .71 .69 2.8 

Ash 6.03 4.88 23.5 

Montana 

Btu 8,065 10,012 -19.4 

Sulfur .46 .43 7.4 

Ash 9.31 12.94 -28.1 

Nevada 

Btu 6,994 12,589 -44.4 

Sulfur .28 .88 -68.6 

Ash 4.63 7.88 -41.2 

New Mexico 

Btu 12,776 12,859 -.6 

Sulfur .74 .82 -9.8 

Ash 9.95 8.36 19.0 

Utah2 

Btu 11,530 12,200 -5.5 

Sulfur .44 .99 -55.3 

Ash 7.12 6.98 2.1 

Wyoming 

Btu 10,071 9,984 .9 

Sulfur .72 .72 .3 

Ash 5.12 4.57 11.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 

186 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke 

Plants by Census Division and State, 1992-1993 (Continued) 

Pacific 

Btu 12,325 11.933 3.3 

Sulfur .49 .51 -4.0 

Ash 8.33 8.40 -.9 

California 

Btu 12,441 12,082 3.0 

Sulfur .49 .51 -4.0 

Ash 8.35 8.46 -1.3 

Hawaii 

Btu 8,594 8,650 -.6 

Sulfur .51 .52 -1.4 

Ash 17.14 15.85 8.2 

Oregon 

Btu 10,216 9,959 2.6 

Sulfur .51 .54 -4.9 

Ash 5.94 5.49 8.1 

Washington 

Btu 12,151 11,909 2.0 

Sulfur .56 .56 -.3 

Ash 9.47 10.11 -6.4 

U.S. Total 

Btu 10,885 11,096 -1.9 

Sulfur 1.23 1.07 14.5 

Ash 6.36 7.45 -14.7 

1

 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); Sulfur (percent by weight); and Ash (percent by weight). 

2

 Includes sulfur and ash data for coke plants. 

Notes: Btu data are for manufacturing plants only. The national average of coke plant data ranges from .51 to 1.70 for sulfur and 2.6 to 10.1 for ash. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, "Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants;" and Form EIA-5A, "Annual Coal 

Quality Report - Coke Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 187 
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census 

Division and State, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

New England 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Connecticut 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Massachusetts 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

New Hampshire 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Middle Atlantic 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

New Jersey 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

New York 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Pennsylvania 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

East North Central 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Illinois 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Indiana 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Michigan 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Ohio 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Wisconsin 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

West North Central 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Iowa 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

See footnotes at end of table. 

119 

47 

15,286 

140 

51 

16,526 

146 

53 

17,387 

152 

52 

16,973 

158 

54 

17,482 

-14.6 

-8.5 

-7.5 

-6.8 

-3.4 

-3.3 

8 

4 

1,986 

9 

5 

2,205 

9 

5 

2,267 

10 

6 

2,583 

9 

5 

2,301 

-10.3 

-8.9 

-9.9 

-2.9 

-3.3 

-3.6 

72 

26 

9,734 

88 

31 

10,926 

103 

33 

11,713 

100 

31 

11,165 

103 

33 

11,983 

-18.4 

-15.8 

-10.9 

-8.6 

-6.2 

-5.1 

40 

17 

3,565 

43 

16 

3,395 

33 

16 

3,407 

42 

15 

3,225 

46 

15 

3,198 

-7.7 

5.7 

5.0 

-3.7 

2.0 

2.8 

1,383 

347 

130,307 

1,469 

362 

134,485 

1,481 

366 

134,531 

1,524 

383 

137,414 

1,542 

406 

143,965 

-5.8 

-4.0 

-3.1 

-2.7 

-3.8 

-2.5 

56 

27 

6,222 

55 

27 

6,250 

57 

26 

6,176 

69 

33 

7,992 

74 

38 

9,288 

1.6 

1.6 

-.4 

-6.8 

-8.0 

-9.5 

211 

53 

22,726 

253 

61 

26,096 

249 

63 

26,098 

263 

63 

25,881 

258 

65 

26,605 

-16.3 

-13.2 

-12.9 

-4.9 

-4.8 

-3.9 

1,116 

267 

101.358 

1,161 

274 

102,139 

1,175 

277 

102,257 

1,192 

288 

103,541 

1,209 

303 

108,072 

-3.9 

-2.5 

-.8 

-2.0 

-3.1 

-1.6 

4,661 

1,453 

392,429 

4,759 

1,382 

373,551 

5,040 

1,431 

381,713 

5,182 

1,419 

376,964 

5,320 

1,408 

370,815 

-2.0 

5.1 

5.0 

-3.3 

.8 

1.4 

790 

271 

62,197 

817 

220 

52,323 

827 

245 

57,079 

893 

248 

57,527 

857 

236 

53,509 

-3.3 

23.1 

18.9 

-2.0 

3.6 

3.8 

1,204 

408 

108,574 

1,168 

404 

105,018 

1,370 

412 

106,357 

1,454 

412 

105,643 

1,504 

372 

97,640 

3.1 

.9 

3.4 

-5.4 

2.4 

2.7 

354 

233 

65,084 

343 

224 

63,294 

375 

238 

67,036 

365 

235 

66,866 

371 

241 

69,444 

3.2 

4.4 

2.8 

-1.2 

-.8 

-1.6 

2,131 

424 

126,012 

2,170 

424 

122,699 

2,183 

417 

120,337 

2,193 

408 

117,142 

2,306 

435 

120,730 

-1.8 

.1 

2.7 

-2.0 

-.6 

1.1 

181 

116 

30,562 

259 

110 

30,217 

286 

119 

30,904 

278 

115 

29,786 

282 

124 

29,493 

-30.0 

5.1 

1.1 

-10.4 

-1.7 

.9 

1,016 

649 

188,637 

1,195 

620 

180,692 

1,294 

655 

185,036 

1,336 

647 

188,285 

1,419 

649 

185,349 

-15.0 

4.6 

4.4 

-8.0 

.4 

175 

115 

26,237 

174 

109 

24,612 

182 

115 

25,604 

179 

110 

28,667 

185 

105 

27,478 

1.0 

5.7 

6.6 

-1.4 

2.3 

-1.1 

188 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census 

Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Kansas 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Minnesota 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Missouri 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Nebraska 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

North Dakota 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

South Dakota 

Sullur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

South Atlantic 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Delaware 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Florida 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Georgia 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Maryland 

Sullur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

North Carolina 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

South Carolina 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Virginia 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

West Virginia 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

East South Central 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

See footnotes at end of table. 

70 

107 

31,609 

66 

79 

26,207 

76 

86 

27,713 

87 

91 

28,428 

97 

89 

27,277 

87 

115 

32,770 

77 

103 

29,665 

80 

116 

30,313 

84 

110 

31,262 

101 

112 

32,140 

463 

178 

45,067 

664 

203 

50,189 

726 

207 

51,159 

779 

208 

51,551 

849 

223 

52,493 

58 

66 

16,806 

52 

56 

14,315 

53 

61 

15,473 

51 

63 

14,580 

47 

58 

13,478 

131 

57 

33,298 

130 

59 

32,865 

145 

58 

31,733 

126 

55 

30,999 

111 

51 

29,706 

31 

11 

2,850 

32 

11 

2,841 

33 

12 

3,042 

31 

10 

2,798 

30 

10 

2,777 

3,050 

941 

334,732 

3,139 

907 

307,981 

3,104 

905 

312,545 

3,197 

934 

323,246 

3,256 

985 

334,097 

39 

16 

5,790 

31 

12 

4,327 

39 

15 

6,561 

41 

16 

6,583 

44 

17 

6,748 

460 

197 

62,486 

533 

199 

51,313 

514 

199 

62,015 

472 

184 

60,208 

511 

202 

60,800 

687 

147 

59.140 

766 

142 

55,732 

774 

157 

56,701 

853 

179 

64,291 

813 

168 

60,360 

236 

70 

25,016 

228 

66 

23,724 

224 

61 

22,693 

250 

66 

23,570 

246 

65 

23,637 

421 

166 

58,988 

368 

152 

53,833 

322 

134 

46,689 

328 

130 

46,554 

342 

148 

50,327 

178 

69 

27,039 

150 

61 

23,627 

159 

61 

23,898 

163 

60 

23,448 

155 

62 

24,480 

178 

59 

24,883 

165 

55 

22,788 

162 

55 

22,500 

149 

53 

21,505 

166 

60 

24,965 

850 

217 

71,390 

897 

221 

72,637 

909 

223 

71,489 

942 

245 

77,088 

978 

264 

82,780 

2,297 

677 

219,866 

2,148 

599 

194,727 

2,075 

589 

189,588 

2,116 

582 

186,444 

2,082 

563 

176,608 

6.5 

34.8 

20.6 

12.9 

11.8 

10.5 

-30.3 

-12.3 

-10.2 

12.1 

17.3 

17.4 

.9 

-3.8 

1.3 

-3.5 

-.1 

.3 

-2.8 

3.7 

8.7 

26.9 

37.0 

33.8 

-13.7 

-1.2 

21.8 

-10.3 

3.4 

6.1 

3.5 

5.7 

5.4 

14.4 

9.5 

9.6 

18.7 

14.1 

14.4 

7.4 

7.4 

9.2 

-5.2 

-1.9 

-1.7 

6.9 

12.9 

12.9 

-7.7 

4.8 

3.8 

-3.5 

.5 

.5 

-14.0 

-5.4 

-3.7 

5.7 

3.1 

5.7 

4.3 

2.4 

2.9 

.7 

1.0 

.7 

-1.6 

-1.1 

-2.9 

-.6 

-3.8 

-2.6 

-.6 

.7 

-4.1 

-3.3 

-.5 

-1.0 

1.8 

1.4 

5.3 

2.9 

4.0 

3.4 

2.8 

2.5 

1.7 

-.4 

-.1 

-3.4 

-4.8 

-3.6 

2.5 

4.7 

5.6 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 189 
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census 

Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Alabama 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Kentucky 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Mississippi 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Tennessee 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

West South Central 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Arkansas 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Louisiana 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Oklahoma 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Texas 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Mountain 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Arizona 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Colorado 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Montana 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Nevada 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

New Mexico 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

Utah 

Sulfur Dioxide 

Nitrogen Oxides 

Carbon Dioxide 

See footnotes at end of table. 

548 

188 

67,926 

523 

169 

61,786 

519 

165 

59,268 

508 

151 

54,545 

541 

154 

54,088 

826 

287 

83,029 

749 

258 

74,549 

723 

256 

73,398 

726 

252 

71,445 

707 

244 

67,607 

88 

26 

9,476 

94 

23 

8,201 

97 

26 

9,199 

105 

28 

9,946 

93 

26 

9,181 

834 

176 

59,435 

783 

150 

50,191 

736 

142 

47,723 

776 

151 

50,508 

741 

139 

45,732 

783 

622 

215,416 

755 

606 

208,874 

730 

612 

207,321 

730 

584 

202,798 

718 

604 

203,343 

62 

56 

20,128 

66 

64 

22,161 

66 

64 

21,949 

69 

63 

21,591 

66 

59 

20,698 

116 

79 

23,653 

110 

77 

22,852 

103 

73 

21,126 

98 

70 

19,961 

104 

75 

21,973 

104 

96 

32,336 

107 

91 

30,937 

103 

90 

29,257 

102 

86 

27,867 

92 

86 

26,915 

500 

390 

139,299 

472 

374 

132,925 

458 

386 

134,988 

461 

365 

133,378 

456 

384 

133,757 

452 

508 

201,553 

455 

520 

194,127 

428 

504 

181,465 

439 

523 

171,070 

435 

533 

181,374 

130 

102 

31,194 

125 

96 

26,537 

119 

91 

23,690 

115 

92 

24,659 

114 

93 

25,292 

83 

99 

32,520 

85 

98 

32,055 

82 

100 

31,518 

86 

103 

23,020 

80 

102 

31,874 

20 

42 

15,908 

22 

52 

19,692 

20 

55 

18,737 

18 

50 

17,232 

20 

55 

18,557 

52 

45 

18,763 

57 

47 

19,501 

54 

46 

19,512 

53 

43 

17,865 

52 

44 

18,463 

58 

94 

28,411 

58 

94 

18,047 

50 

82 

15,770 

60 

103 

17,607 

67 

112 

16,987 

31 

43 

32,888 

30 

50 

32,441 

28 

50 

30,276 

31 

51 

32,466 

30 

51 

30,163 

4.7 

11.2 

9.9 

10.4 

11.0 

11.4 

-5.8 

15.1 

15.5 

6.6 

17.7 

18.4 

3.8 

2.6 

3.1 

-5.9 

-12.5 

-9.2 

6.2 

1.9 

3.5 

-2.8 

6.4 

4.5 

6.0 

4.5 

4.8 

-.7 

-2.2 

3.8 

3.8 

6.8 

17.5 

-2.7 

.7 

1.4 

-7.6 

-18.9 

-19.2 

-7.9 

-3.3 

-3.8 

-1.1 

57.4 

4.1 

-13.5 

1.4 

0.3 

5.1 

5.9 

4.0 

4.1 

5.3 

-1.3 

.1 

.8 

3.0 

6.1 

6.8 

2.2 

.7 

1.4 

-1.5 

-1.4 

-.7 

2.9 

1.1 

1.9 

3.1 

2.9 

4.7 

2.3 

.4 

1.0 

.9 

-1.2 

2.7 

3.3 

2.4 

5.4 

.8 

-.9 

.5 

.3 

-6.2 

-3.8 

-.1 

.6 

.4 

-3.9 

-4.3 

13.7 

1.3 

-4.2 

2.2 

190 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table 108. Estimated Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Generation, by Census 

Division and State, 1989-1993 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 

Wyoming 

Sulfur Dioxide 78 

Nitrogen Oxides 84 

Carbon Dioxide 41,869 

Pacific 

Sulfur Dioxide 83 

Nitrogen Oxides 45 

Carbon Dioxide 13,447 

Alaska 

Sulfur Dioxide 1 

Oregon 

Sulfur Dioxide 13 

Nitrogen Oxides 13 

Carbon Dioxide 3,685 

Washington 

Sulfur Dioxide 70 

Nitrogen Oxides 33 

Carbon Dioxide 9,762 

U.S. Total 

Sulfur Dioxide 13,844 

Nitrogen Oxides 5,288 

Carbon Dioxide 1,711,673 

78 

84 

45,853 

75 

80 

41,962 

76 

81 

38,221 

71 

77 

40,037 

0.1 

-.6 

-8.7 

2.3 

2.1 

1.1 

85 

48 

14,562 

71 

42 

11,959 

65 

33 

9,565 

65 

34 

9,330 

-1.8 

-6.4 

-7.7 

6.5 

7.6 

9.6 

1 1 1 1 1.5 2.5 

14 

13 

4,007 

11 

12 

3,246 

5 

6 

1,495 

2 

2 

-9.1 

-1.8 

-8.0 

63.3 

59.0 

70 

35 

10,555 

59 

30 

8,713 

59 

28 

8,070 

62 

32 

9,330 

-.3 

-8.1 

-7.5 

2.9 

.6 

1.1 

14,144 

5,096 

1,625,526 

14,370 

5,158 

1,621,545 

14,740 

5,156 

1,612,759 

14,995 

5,236 

1,622,363 

-2.1 

3.8 

5.3 

-2.0 

.3 

1.3 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Estimates are derived from the Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report." (See Explanatory Notes for methodology.) Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 191 
Table 109. Estimated Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation by Census 

Division, State, and Fuel, 1993 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division 

and State 

Coal Petroleum Gas Other 

Census Division 

and State Sulfur 

Dioxide 

Nitrogen 

Oxides 

Carbon 

Dioxide 

Sulfur 

Dioxide 

Nitrogen 

Oxides 

Carbon 

Dioxide 

Sulfur 

Dioxide 

Nitrogen 

Oxides 

Carbon 

Dioxide 

Sulfur 

Dioxide 

Nitrogen 

Oxides 

Carbon 

Dioxide 

New England Total 119 

Connecticut 8 

Maine 0 

Massachusetts 72 

New Hampshire 40 

Rhode Island 0 

Vermont 0 

Middle Atlantic Total 1,383 

New Jersey 56 

New York 211 

Pennsylvania 1,116 

East North Central Total 4,661 

Illinois 790 

Indiana 1,204 

Michigan 354 

Ohio 2,131 

Wisconsin 181 

West North Central Total 1,016 

Iowa 175 

Kansas 70 

Minnesota 87 

Missouri 463 

Nebraska 58 

North Dakota 131 

South Dakota 31 

South Atlantic Total 3,050 

Delaware 39 

District of Columbia 0 

Florida 460 

Georgia 687 

Maryland 236 

North Carolina 421 

South Carolina 178 

Virginia 178 

West Virginia 850 

East South Central Total 2,297 

Alabama 548 

Kentucky 826 

Mississippi 88 

Tennessee 834 

West South Central Total 783 

Arkansas 62 

Louisiana 116 

Oklahoma 104 

Texas 500 

Mountain Total 452 

Arizona 130 

Colorado 83 

Montana 20 

Nevada 52 

New Mexico 58 

Utah 31 

Wyoming 78 

Pacific Contiguous Total 83 

California 0 

Oregon 13 

Washington 70 

Pacific Noncontiguous 

Total 1 

Alaska 1 

Hawaii 0 

U.S. Total 13,844 

47 15,286 107 21 13,551 

4 1,986 19 5 3,833 

0 0 6 1 740 

26 9,734 70 13 7,807 

17 3,565 12 1 1,144 

0 0 " * 26 

0 0 * 0 * 

347 130,307 87 28 19,594 

27 6,222 3 2 1,012 

53 22,726 69 21 14,610 

267 101,358 15 5 3,972 

,453 392,429 8 3 2,230 

271 62,197 4 2 1,104 

408 108,574 * * 163 

233 65,084 3 1 713 

424 126,012 * * 218 

116 30,562 * • 32 

649 188,637 2 * 315 

115 26,237 * * 28 

107 31,609 * * 52 

115 32,770 * * 20 

178 45,067 1 * 167 

66 16,806 * * 14 

57 33,298 * * 27 

11 2,850 * * 7 

941 334,732 297 65 37,523 

16 5,790 10 4 1,841 

0 0 1 * 210 

197 62,486 239 53 29,299 

147 59,140 1 • 145 

70 25,016 32 5 3,856 

166 58,988 * • 123 

69 27,039 * * 67 

59 24,883 11 2 1,815 

217 71,390 * * 167 

677 219,866 53 6 3,292 

188 67,926 * * 57 

287 83,029 * * 99 

26 9,476 53 6 3,060 

176 59,435 * * 75 

622 215,416 3 1 729 

56 20,128 • * 52 

79 23,653 3 1 380 

96 32,336 * * 11 

390 139,299 * • 286 

508 201,553 1 1 403 

102 31,194 * * 45 

99 32,520 * • 5 

42 15,908 * • 11 

45 18,763 1 * 235 

94 28,411 * * 34 

43 32,888 * • 24 

84 41,869 * * 49 

45 13,447 4 3 1,738 

0 0 4 3 1,726 

13 3,685 * * 6 

33 9,762 7 

0 0 20 9 4,754 

0 0 * * 1 

0 0 20 9 4,753 

,288 1,711,673 583 136 84,129 

* 6 1,681 

0 * 35 

0 0 0 

* 6 1,600 

0 * 8 

0 * 23 

0 * 15 

* 31 12,893 

* 5 1,508 

* 24 10,883 

* 1 502 

* 6 2,138 

* 2 958 

* 1 335 

* 2 608 

0 * 83 

* 1 154 

* 7 1,882 

* 1 225 

* 4 1,130 

* 1 228 

* 1 219 

0 * 76 

0 0 * 

0 " 4 

* 32 9,853 

0 * 71 

0 0 0 

* 31 9,286 

* * 160 

* 1 288 

0 0 0 

0 * 16 

0 * 25 

0 * 7 

* 5 1,756 

* 1 193 

0 * 13 

* 5 1,550 

0 0 0 

• 254 85,476 

* 4 1,292 

* 42 14,342 

* 25 7,342 

* 184 62,501 

* 11 3,880 

* 2 586 

* 1 286 

0 * 7 

* 4 1,090 

* 4 1,637 

* * 269 

0 * 5 

* 71 27,024 

* 71 27,024 

0 0 0 

0 " 1 

0 0 0 

0 0 0 

0 0 0 

1 424 146,584 

969 

738 

0 

102 

21 

0 

109 

45 

5 

2 

38 

785 

0 

0 

518 

267 

1,098 

110 

0 

987 

0 

0 

292 

168 

8 

32 

3 

82 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

690 

0 

0 

690 

0 

0 

0 

3,880 

* Data round to zero. 

Notes: Estimates are derived from the Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report." (See Technical Notes for methodology.) 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report." 

192 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Appendix A 

Major Coal 

Producing States 

The Kemmerer mine, located in the Hams Fork Basin region of southwestern Wyoming, is the largest and deepest 

open-pit coal mine in the United States. In 1993, over 3.5 million short tons were produced at this mine. Wyoming 

remains the largest coal-producing State, with production of over 210 million short tons in 1993. 

Appendix A 

Major Coal Producing States 

Energy Information Admlnlstratlon/Coal Industry Annual 1993 195 

•••SkTj •sr.^rri -rei>>?.. ";-••:.-
Table A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 426,635 

Productive Capacity' 27,916 

Production Total 24,768 

Underground 15,557 

Surface 9,211 

Capacity Utilization2 88.46 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 17.2 

Number of Miners 5,399 

Productivity Total2 2.35 

Underground 2.09 

Surface 3.01 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,698 

Imports3 88 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 25,556 

Domestic Distribution Total 19,668 

Within State 18,716 

To Other States 952 

Foreign Distribution Total... 5,888 

Metallurgical 5,841 

Steam 47 

Overseas Total4 5,888 

Metallurgical 5,841 

Steam 47 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 33,047 

Electric Utility 27,533 

Industrial 2,268 

Coke 3,206 

Residential/Commercial 40 

Consumer Stocks Total 2,797 

Electric Utility 2,331 

All Other 466 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $42.34 

Underground 42.00 

Surface 42.91 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 42.56 

Industrial 39.01 

Coke 47.50 

467,741 470,434 489,395 507,724 659,495 -8.8 -4.3 -4.7 

29,815 30,195 NA NA 29,670 -6.4 NA -.7 

25,796 27,269 29,030 27,992 27,088 -4.0 -3.0 -1.0 

15,944 17,070 17,540 16,327 13,180 -2.4 -1.2 1.8 

9,852 10,199 11,490 11,665 13,908 -6.5 -5.7 -4.5 

86.26 89.97 NA NA 91.06 2.5 NA -.3 

18.1 17.3 16.9 18.1 24.3 -5.0 -1.3 -3.8 

5,386 6,314 6,534 6,505 8,581 .2 -4.5 -5.0 

2.49 2.17 2.23 2.25 1.63 -5.4 1.1 4.1 

2.17 1.90 2.01 2.00 1.18 -3.8 1.0 6.5 

3.28 2.84 2.69 2.72 2.55 -8.2 2.5 1.8 

2,185 2,233 2,764 2,802 

-

-22.3 -11.8 

: 

25,491 27,679 28,735 28,836 NA .3 -3.0 NA 

19,560 20,667 20,545 20,093 NA .5 -.5 NA 

18,849 20,150 19,535 18,778 NA -.7 -.1 NA 

711 517 1,010 1,315 NA 33.9 -7.8 NA 

5,931 7,012 8,190 8,743 NA -.7 -9.4 NA 

5,789 6,476 7,724 8,723 NA .9 -9.5 NA 

142 536 466 20 NA -66.9 24.2 NA 

5,931 7,012 8,190 8,743 NA -.7 -9.4 NA 

5,789 6,476 7,724 8,723 NA .9 -9.5 NA 

142 536 466 20 NA -66.9 24.2 NA 

31,510 29,349 27,640 27,537 23,876 4.9 4.7 3.7 

24,988 23,700 22,010 21,884 17,786 10.2 5.9 5.0 

3,136 2,468 2,237 2,275 3,046 -27.7 -.1 -3.2 

3,297 3,166 3,288 3,314 2,921 -2.8 -.8 1.0 

89 17 105 63 122 -54.8 -10.6 -11.6 

4,529 4,671 4,372 4,189 6,497 -38.2 -9.6 -8.9 

4,071 4,247 3,869 3,721 5,779 -42.7 -11.0 -9.6 

458 424 503 468 719 1.6 -.1 -4.7 

S40.82 $41.14 S43.04 S41.18 S42.90 3.7 .7 -.1 

40.70 40.19 42.48 38.96 43.76 3.2 1.9 -.4 

41.02 42.72 43.90 44.31 42.09 4.6 -.8 .2 

41.67 43.82 44.58 44.84 49.04 2.1 -1.3 -1.6 

39.76 40.43 40.58 40.36 44.51 -1.9 -.8 -1.4 

47.80 48.35 48.93 46.67 54.36 -.6 .4 -1.5 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources; Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

196 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves w 

Productive Capacity1 w 

Production Total 12,173 

Surface 12,173 

Capacity Utilization2 w 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production w 

Number of Miners 876 

Productivity Total2 6.21 

Surface 6.21 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,590 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 12,138 

Domestic Distribution Total 12,138 

Within State 7,566 

To Other States 4,572 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 18,991 

Electric Utility 18,316 

Industrial 674 

Residential/Commercial 1 

Consumer Stocks Total 3,717 

Electric Utility 3,687 

All Other 30 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total w 

Surface w 

Consumer 

Electric Utility $27.78 

Industrial 40.51 

w w w w w w w w 

w w NA NA w - NA w 

12,512 13,203 11,304 11,935 11,522 -2.7 0.5 0.6 

12,512 13,203 11,304 11,935 11,522 -2.7 .5 .6 

w w NA NA w -2.7 NA w 

w w w w w w w w 

888 900 951 780 909 -1.3 2.9 -.4 

6.29 6.64 5.93 6.25 6.38 -1.3 -.1 -.3 

6.29 6.64 5.93 6.25 6.38 -1.3 -.1 -.3 

1,555 1,461 1,191 1,333 -2.2 4.5 -

12,418 12,933 11,446 11,939 NA -2.3 .4 NA 

12,418 12,933 11,446 11,939 NA -2.3 .4 NA 

7,441 7,869 7,275 7,795 NA 1.7 -.7 NA 

4,977 5,064 4,171 4,144 NA -8.1 2.5 NA 

17,915 16,805 16,419 16,871 15,406 6.0 3.0 2.3 

17,280 16,116 15,758 16,182 13,601 6.0 3.1 3.4 

632 689 660 689 w 6.8 -.5 w 

4 * * w w -73.7 w w 

3,596 4,229 3,129 3,411 w 3.3 2.2 w 

3,543 4,177 3,090 3,367 3,593 4.0 2.3 .3 

53 52 39 44 w -43.3 -8.9 w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

$28.31 $29.16 $29.98 $28.81 $25.66 -1.8 -.9 .9 

40.95 40.09 39.54 39.78 w -1.1 .4 w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

MA N0 t available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 197 

> >ss "•^^»re r-\>xr ' ,S&£S? 
Table A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 608,815 

Productive Capacity1 30,040 

Production Total 21,886 

Underground 12,843 

Surface 9,043 

Capacity Utilization2 72.84 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 27.8 

Number of Miners 1,775 

Productivity Total2 5.85 

Underground 5.21 

Surface 7.07 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,155 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 21,465 

Domestic Distribution Total 20,338 

Within State 11,181 

To Other States 9,157 

Foreign Distribution Total... 1,128 

Metallurgical 

Steam 1,128 

Overseas Total3 1,128 

Metallurgical 

Steam 1,128 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 17,070 

Electric Utility 16,252 

Industrial 780 

Residential/Commercial 38 

Consumer Stocks Total 3,454 

Electric Utility 3,428 

All Other 25 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S20.35 

Underground 20.53 

Surface 20.10 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 21.59 

Industrial 28.63 

608,067 617,752 546,239 662,076 864,465 0.1 -2.1 -3.8 

25,848 23,593 NA NA 19,895 16.2 NA 4.7 

19,226 17,834 18,910 17,123 17,967 13.8 6.3 2.2 

10,246 9,601 10,628 8,511 6,411 25.3 10.8 8.0 

8,981 8,233 8,281 8,612 11,556 .7 1.2 -2.7 

74.35 75.58 NA NA 90.21 -2.0 NA -2.3 

31.6 34.6 28.9 38.7 48.1 -12.0 -7.9 -5.9 

1,610 2,037 2,009 2,019 2,835 10.2 -3.2 -5.1 

5.27 5.05 4.24 4.08 3.24 10.9 9.4 6.8 

4.52 4.23 3.26 2.91 2.05 15.4 15.6 10.9 

6.52 6.51 6.86 6.74 4.78 8.5 1.2 4.4 

955 850 1,274 817 -21.0 9.0 -

18,864 17,757 18,386 16,898 NA 13.8 6.2 NA 

18,195 17,132 18,019 16,866 NA 11.8 4.8 NA 

11,241 10,911 10,703 10,762 NA -.5 1.0 NA 

6,954 6,222 7,316 6,104 NA 31.7 10.7 NA 

669 625 367 32 NA 68.6 142.9 NA 

- - 290 32 NA -

-100.0 NA 

669 625 77 -

NA 68.6 -NA 

669 625 367 32 NA 68.6 142.9 NA 

- - 290 32 NA - - NA 

669 625 77 - NA 68.6 -

NA 

16,696 16,218 16,710 16,393 14,740 2.2 1.0 1.6 

15,902 15,416 15,924 15,686 13,758 2.2 .9 1.9 

735 738 729 643 856 6.1 4.9 -1.0 

58 65 58 w w -35.6 w w 

3,439 3,487 3,334 3,970 w .4 -3.4 w 

3,410 3,466 3,298 3,921 4,850 .5 -3.3 -3.8 

29 21 36 50 w -13.2 -15.7 w 

S21.33 S22.18 S21.75 $23.64 $23.07 -4.6 -3.7 -1.4 

21.80 24.09 24.27 26.02 27.36 -5.8 -5.8 -3.1 

20.80 19.96 18.53 21.29 20.69 -3.3 -1.4 -.3 

21.67 21.49 20.81 20.95 21.90 -.3 .8 -.2 

30.34 29.27 26.93 27.81 28.32 -5.6 .7 .1 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

198 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,063,832 

Productive Capacity1 69,320 

Production Total 41,098 

Underground 33,096 

Surface 8,002 

Capacity Utilization2 59.28 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 25.9 

Number of Miners 7,303 

Productivity Total2 3.23 

Underground 3.11 

Surface 3.86 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 713 

Imports3 51 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 42,000 

Domestic Distribution Total 41,330 

Within State 15,206 

To Other States 26,124 

Foreign Distribution Total... 670 

Metallurgical 109 

Steam 561 

Canada Total 

Steam 

Overseas Total4 670 

Metallurgical 109 

Steam 561 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 38,135 

Electric Utility 31,744 

Industrial 3,970 

Coke w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 4,019 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $25.27 

Underground 25.54 

Surface 24.18 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 35.30 

Industrial 29.42 

Coke w 

1,199,313 1,256,524 1,173,982 1,380,697 1,395,905 -11.3 -6.3 -3.0 

75,787 75,710 NA NA 70,146 -8.5 NA -.1 

59,857 60,258 60,393 59,267 63,769 -31.3 -8.7 -4.8 

46,965 43,134 41,671 39,337 38,502 -29.5 -4.2 -1.7 

12,892 17,124 18,722 19,930 25,267 -37.9 -20.4 -12.0 

78.98 79.58 NA NA 90.89 -24.9 NA -4.6 

20.0 20.8 19.4 23.3 21.9 29.2 2.7 1.9 

8,323 9,102 10,018 10,003 13,339 -12.3 -7.6 -6.5 

3.42 3.18 2.94 2.77 2.22 -5.5 3.9 4.2 

3.21 2.88 2.70 2.41 1.91 -3.2 6.6 5.5 

4.47 4.30 3.64 3.96 2.96 -13.6 -.6 3.0 

1,969 1,418 1,955 2,385 -

-63.8 -26.0 -

54 - - - - -5.7 - -

58,913 58,553 60,592 59,464 NA -28.7 -8.3 NA 

57,670 57,290 60,222 58,976 NA -28.3 -8.5 NA 

18,167 18,787 18,700 17,588 NA -16.3 -3.6 NA 

39.503 38,503 41,522 41,388 NA -33.9 -10.9 NA 

1,242 1,263 370 488 NA -46.1 8.2 NA 

614 546 237 10 NA -82.2 80.6 NA 

629 717 133 478 NA -10.9 4.1 NA 

-

4 -

16 NA - - NA 

-

4 -16 NA - - NA 

1,242 1,259 370 472 NA -46.1 9.1 NA 

614 546 237 10 NA -82.2 80.6 NA 

629 713 133 462 NA -10.9 4.9 NA 

31,599 34,677 33,904 32,374 38,298 20.7 4.2 . 

25,264 27,754 27,396 25,758 32,054 25.6 5.4 -.1 

3,736 4,426 3,888 3,770 3,325 6.2 1.3 2.0 

w w w w 2,499 w w w 

w w w w 420 w w w 

w w w w 8,544 w w w 

7,399 6,977 7,398 8,204 7,484 -45.7 -16.3 -6.7 

w w w w 1,060 w w w 

$27.66 $28.35 $27.73 $28.17 $29.89 -8.6 -2.7 -1.8 

27.93 29.05 28.30 28.66 31.39 -8.5 -2.8 -2.3 

26.69 26.59 26.45 27.20 27.60 -9.4 -2.9 -1.5 

37.06 36.76 37.79 38.78 42.12 -4.7 -2.3 -1.9 

29.24 30.81 31.28 31.17 39.86 .6 -1.4 -3.3 

w w w w 56.12 w w w 

' For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

H A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 199 
Table A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 379,294 

Productive Capacity1 43,955 

Production Total 29,295 

Underground 2,583 

Surface 26,713 

Capacity Utilization2 66.60 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 12.9 

Number of Miners 3,331 

Productivity Total2 4.46 

Underground 2.49 

Surface 4.82 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 527 

Imports3 594 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 29,664 

Domestic Distribution Total 29,475 

Within State 23,913 

To Other States 5,562 

Foreign Distribution Total... 188 

Steam 188 

Canada Total 

Steam 

Overseas Total4 188 

Steam 188 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 60,353 

Electric Utility 48,836 

Industrial 4,587 

Coke 6,591 

Residential/Commercial 339 

Consumer Stocks Total 7,798 

Electric Utility 6.935 

All Other 863 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S22.89 

Underground w 

Surface w 

Consumer 

Electric Utility S26.73 

Industrial 30.91 

Coke 52.29 

404,549 419,790 444,020 474,909 496,520 -6.2 -5.5 -2.9 

42,990 45,155 NA NA 39,622 2.2 NA 1.1 

30,466 31,468 35,907 33,641 37,555 -3.8 -3.4 -2.7 

2,641 2,832 3,037 2,519 2,246 -2.2 .6 1.6 

27,825 28,636 32,870 31,122 35,309 -4.0 -3.7 -3.0 

70.86 69.66 NA NA 94.74 -6.0 NA -3.8 

13.3 13.3 12.4 14.1 13.2 -2.5 -2.1 -.2 

3,652 3,919 4,195 3,684 5,477 -8.8 -2.5 -5.4 

4.09 4.02 3.84 3.86 2.93 8.9 3.6 4.8 

2.80 2.97 2.90 2.47 1.90 -11.1 .2 3.0 

4.28 4.17 3.96 4.04 3.04 12.8 4.5 5.3 

1,016 525 559 360 

: 

-48.1 9.9 

: 

31,393 31,412 36,122 33,727 NA -5.5 -3.2 NA 

31,216 31,204 35,967 33,546 NA -5.6 -3.2 NA 

24,655 22,619 25,301 24,089 NA -3.0 -.2 NA 

6,561 8,585 10,666 9,458 NA -15.2 -12.4 NA 

177 208 155 180 NA 6.5 1.1 NA 

177 208 155 180 NA 6.5 1.1 NA 

-

3 1 3 NA - - NA 

-

3 1 3 NA - - NA 

177 204 154 177 NA 6.5 1.5 NA 

177 204 154 177 NA 6.5 1.5 NA 

58,765 60,790 61,701 57,388 53,571 2.7 1.3 1.3 

46,937 47,720 47,654 42,378 38,398 4.0 3.6 2.7 

4,263 4,404 4,629 4,738 5,054 7.6 -.8 -1.1 

7,153 8,234 8,867 9,754 9,462 -7.8 -9.3 -3.9 

411 433 551 518 657 -17.5 -10.1 -7.1 

12,507 11,387 12,226 9,398 15,022 -37.6 -4.5 -7.0 

11,294 9,953 10,610 8,043 12,245 -38.6 -3.6 -6.1 

1,214 1,434 1,616 1,355 2,777 -28.9 -10.7 -12.2 

S23.41 $23.58 S23.91 $23.55 $24.98 -2.2 -.7 -1.0 

w w w w w w W w 

w w w w w w W w 

S27.89 S28.41 $28.78 $29.08 $34.74 -4.1 -2.1 -2.9 

31.58 33.01 32.83 32.88 34.03 -2.1 -1.5 -1.1 

53.72 53.31 49.39 51.47 61.60 -2.6 .4 -1.8 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

NA N0 t available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

200 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,828,072 

Productive Capacity1 204,805 

Production Total 156,299 

Underground 92,207 

Surface 64,092 

Capacity Utilization2 76.11 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 11.7 

Number of Miners 24,063 

Productivity Total2 3.25 

Underground 2.93 

Surface 3.84 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 3,216 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Domestic Distribution Total 150,874 

Within State 28,136 

To Other States 122,738 

Foreign Distribution Total... 9,521 

Metallurgical 3,310 

Steam 6,212 

Canada Total 1,416 

Metallurgical 1,356 

Steam 60 

Overseas Total3 8,106 

Metallurgical 1,954 

Steam 6,152 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 39,095 

Electric Utility 35,264 

Industrial 2,392 

Coke w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 3,990 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S24.77 

Underground 25.07 

Surface 24.35 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 27.29 

Industrial 42.30 

Coke w 

1,452,789 1,632,076 1,585,081 1,513,216 1,885,830 25.8 4.8 -0.3 

195,352 199,282 NA NA 164,378 4.8 NA 2.5 

161,068 158,980 173,322 167,389 159,541 -3.0 -1.7 -.2 

96,053 97,332 105,290 99,067 79,142 -4.0 -1.8 1.7 

65,016 61,647 68,032 68,322 80,399 -1.4 -1.6 -2.5 

82.15 79.45 NA NA 95.37 -7.3 NA -2.5 

9.0 10.3 9.1 9.0 11.8 29.7 6.6 -.1 

24,624 26,642 30,498 30,656 37,876 -2.3 -5.9 -4.9 

3.20 3.01 2.83 2.78 2.24 1.5 3.9 4.2 

2.91 2.71 2.54 2.54 1.94 .9 3.6 4.7 

3.75 3.66 3.43 3.23 2.64 2.3 4.4 4.2 

3,796 4,646 4,114 4,509 -

-15.3 -8.1 -

147,825 142,811 157,587 140,042 NA 2.1 1.9 NA 

27,941 24,831 29,679 26,849 NA .7 1.2 NA 

119,883 117,980 127,908 113,193 NA 2.4 2.0 NA 

14,036 15,478 15,690 12,607 NA -32.2 -6.8 NA 

4,971 4,354 7,104 4,846 NA -33.4 -9.1 NA 

9,065 11,124 8,586 7,760 NA -31.5 -5.4 NA 

2,078 1,560 1,727 1,538 NA -31.8 -2.0 NA 

1,373 1,125 1,106 1,447 NA -1.2 -1.6 NA 

705 435 621 91 NA -91.5 -9.9 NA 

11,958 13,918 13,963 11,069 NA -32.2 -7.5 NA 

3,599 3,229 5,998 3,399 NA -45.7 -12.9 NA 

8,359 10,689 7,966 7,670 NA -26.4 -5.4 NA 

34,704 34,517 34,449 32,792 28,863 12.6 4.5 3.4 

31,715 31,432 30,867 29,109 25,014 11.2 4.9 3.9 

1,648 2,044 2,253 2,168 2,152 45.1 2.5 1.2 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

5,415 5,881 7,612 4,299 10,457 -26.3 -1.8 -10.1 

w w w w w w w w 

S24.50 S25.45 S25.19 S24.97 S28.13 1.1 -.2 -1.4 

25.18 25.92 25.24 25.06 29.15 -.4 * -1.7 

23.50 24.70 25.11 24.84 27.10 3.6 -.5 -1.2 

27.01 27.19 27.58 26.13 33.58 1.0 1.1 -2.3 

43.78 46.54 45.81 45.27 45.68 -3.4 -1.7 -.8 

w w w w w w w w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 201 
Table A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,284,806 

Productive Capacity1 50,849 

Production Total 35,917 

Underground 10 

Surface 35,907 

Capacity Utilization2 70.64 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 35.8 

Number of Miners 660 

Productivity Total2 19.49 

Underground 1.06 

Surface 19.59 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 876 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 35,916 

Domestic Distribution Total 35,795 

Within State 9,115 

To Other States 26,680 

Foreign Distribution Total... 121 

Steam 121 

Canada Total 54 

Steam 54 

Overseas Total 3 67 

Steam 67 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 9,247 

Electric Utility 8,869 

Industrial w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 721 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S11.05 

Underground w 

Surface w 

Consumer 

Electric Utility $11.78 

Industrial w 

1,351,609 1,392,795 1,872,492 1,513,688 1,807,289 -4.9 -4.0 -3.7 

48,582 48,604 NA NA 36,511 4.7 NA 3.7 

38,889 38,237 37,616 37,742 33,000 -7.6 -1.2 .9 

10 3 - - - 7.9 - -

38,879 38,235 37,616 37,742 33,000 -7.6 -1.2 .9 

80.03 78.65 NA NA 90.38 -11.7 NA -2.7 

34.8 36.4 49.8 40.1 54.8 2.9 -2.8 -4.6 

715 794 821 682 1,112 -7.7 -.8 -5.6 

20.16 18.99 18.78 18.94 14.27 -3.3 .7 3.5 

20.16 18.99 18.78 18.94 14.27 -2.8 .8 3.6 

694 571 613 586 -

26.3 10.6 -

38,866 38,119 37,866 37,489 NA -7.6 -1.1 NA 

38,804 37,812 37,294 37,073 NA -7.8 -.9 NA 

11,159 10,578 9,742 10,384 NA -18.3 -3.2 NA 

27,645 27,234 27,552 26,689 NA -3.5 * NA 

62 306 572 330 NA 96.3 -22.2 NA 

62 306 572 330 NA 96.3 -22.2 NA 

-

10 417 330 NA -

-36.4 NA 

-

10 417 330 NA -

-36.4 NA 

62 297 155 - NA 8.9 - NA 

62 297 155 - NA 8.9 - NA 

11,040 10,549 9,676 10,458 5,283 -16.2 -3.0 6.4 

10,768 10,223 9,399 10,208 5,113 -17.6 -3.4 6.3 

w w W w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

735 741 767 813 657 -1.9 -2.9 1.0 

w w w w w w w w 

$10.20 $10.76 $9.42 $10.27 $13.57 8.3 1.8 -2.3 

10.20 10.76 9.42 10.27 13.57 w w w 

12.14 11.44 11.47 9.81 12.53 -3.0 4.7 -.7 

w w w w w w w w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report lM 145." 

202 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,472,927 

Productive Capacity1 33,360 

Production Total 28,268 

Underground 719 

Surface 27,549 

Capacity Utilization2 84.74 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 52.1 

Number of Miners 1,762 

Productivity Total2 6.68 

Underground 1.63 

Surface 7.26 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 2,343 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 27,942 

Domestic Distribution Total 27,942 

Within State 14,938 

To Other States 13,004 

Foreign Distribution Total... 

Steam 

Overseas Total 3 

Steam 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 15,012 

Electric Utility 14,942 

Industrial w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 1,506 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $22.96 

Underground w 

Surface w 

Consumer 

Electric Utility $24.61 

Industrial w 

1,494,541 1,608,287 1,526,520 1,410,747 1,520,973 -1.4 1.1 -0.3 

29,512 28,187 NA NA 23,233 13.0 NA 4.1 

24,549 21,518 24,292 23,702 21,279 15.1 4.5 3.2 

93 25 76 45 552 NM 99.9 3.0 

24,456 21,492 24,217 23,657 20,727 12.6 3.9 3.2 

83.18 76.34 NA NA 91.55 1.9 NA -.8 

60.9 74.7 62.8 59.5 71.5 -14.4 -3.3 -3.4 

1,683 1,650 1,472 1,470 1.760 4.7 4.6 * 

6.68 6.25 7.64 7.93 5.92 -.1 -4.2 1.3 

.40 .71 4.27 1.03 1.43 307.8 12.3 1.5 

7.11 6.31 7.66 8.03 6.46 2.2 -2.5 1.3 

1,648 1,760 2,401 2,119 -42.2 2.5 -

24,827 22,378 23,380 22,650 NA 12.5 5.4 NA 

24,823 22,378 23,380 22,650 NA 12.6 5.4 NA 

14,829 13,130 15,232 15,111 NA .7 -.3 NA 

9,993 9,248 8,149 7,539 NA 30.1 14.6 NA 

5 - - - NA -100.0 -NA 

5 - - - NA -100.0 -

NA 

5 - - - NA -100.0 - NA 

5 - - - NA -100.0 -

NA 

14,832 12,858 15,111 15,295 13,979 1.2 -.5 .8 

14,775 12,809 15,065 15,250 13,896 1.1 -.5 .8 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

1,570 1,399 1,538 1,403 2,216 -4.0 1.8 -4.2 

w w w w w w w w 

$23.14 $23.25 $22.43 $23.42 $19.40 -.8 -.5 1.9 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

$23.83 $25.02 $24.03 $22.61 $16.88 3.3 2.1 4.3 

w w w w w w w w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N U

 Not meaningful as value is greater than 500. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 203 
Table A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,411,026 

Productive Capacity1 36,371 

Production Total 31,973 

Surface 31,973 

Capacity Utilization2 87.89 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 44.1 

Number of Miners 782 

Productivity Total2 17.66 

Surface 17.66 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,607 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 32,372 

Domestic Distribution Total 32,372 

Within State 30,215 

To Other States 2,157 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 30,302 

Electric Utility 23,290 

Industrial w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 2,417 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S7.63 

Surface 7.63 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 9.38 

Industrial w 

1,335,164 1,385,624 1,414,294 1,360,556 1,622,188 5.7 0.9 -1.5 

36,986 35,976 NA NA 26,705 -1.7 NA 3.5 

31,744 29,530 29,213 29,566 22,112 .7 2.0 4.2 

31,744 29,530 29,213 29,566 22,112 .7 2.0 4.2 

85.83 82.08 NA NA 82.79 2.4 NA .7 

42.1 46.9 48.4 46.0 73.4 4.9 -1.0 -5.5 

744 814 931 850 1,186 5.1 -2.1 -4.5 

18.12 17.64 16.12 15.69 10.10 -2.5 3.0 6.4 

18.12 17.64 16.12 15.69 10.10 -2.5 3.0 6.4 

1,614 1,619 1,830 1,752 -

-.5 -2.1 -

31,702 29,741 29,206 29,860 NA 2.1 2.0 NA 

31,702 29,741 29,206 29,860 NA 2.1 2.0 NA 

29,573 27,405 27,137 27,847 NA 2.2 2.1 NA 

2,129 2,337 2,069 2,013 NA 1.3 1.7 NA 

30,301 28,597 28,114 27,401 19,657 . 2.5 4.9 

23,192 22,174 21,579 20,538 16,953 .4 3.2 3.6 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

2,194 1,999 2,828 3,731 2,469 10.2 -10.3 -.2 

w w w w w w w w 

S7.48 S7.84 S7.67 $7.36 S9.48 2.0 .9 -2.4 

7.48 7.84 7.67 7.36 9.48 2.0 .9 -2.4 

9.45 9.37 9.10 9.13 11.37 -.8 .7 -2.1 

w w w w w w w w 

1

 For 1984, the Form ElA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

204 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 519,768 

Productive Capacity1 42,236 

Production Total 28,816 

Underground 10,437 

Surface 18,379 

Capacity Utilization2 67.94 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 18.0 

Number of Miners 3,866 

Productivity Total 2 3.46 

Underground 3.27 

Surface 3.58 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 550 

Imports3 2 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 28,315 

Domestic Distribution Total 28,315 

Within State 24,370 

To Other States 3,944 

Foreign Distribution Total... 

Steam 

Canada Total 

Steam 

Overseas Total4 

Steam 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 59,031 

Electric Utility 51,456 

Industrial 4,100 

Coke 2,892 

Residential/Commercial 584 

Consumer Stocks Total 7,630 

Electric Utility 7,249 

All Other 381 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S28.04 

Underground 30.73 

Surface 26.51 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 34.05 

Industrial 34.82 

Coke 45.07 

575,973 590,604 691,984 814,583 891,148 -9.8 -10.6 -5.8 

41,329 47,397 NA NA 42,649 2.2 NA -.1 

30,403 30,569 35,252 33,689 39,256 -5.2 -3.8 -3.4 

12,031 12,237 12,920 10,824 14,111 -13.3 -.9 -3.3 

18,371 18,333 22,332 22,865 25,145 • -5.3 -3.4 

73.19 64.27 NA NA 91.71 -7.2 NA -3.3 

18.9 19.3 19.6 24.2 22.7 -4.8 -7.1 -2.5 

4,515 5,293 5,866 7,374 9,803 -14.4 -14.9 -9.8 

3.04 2.67 2.80 2.33 2.01 14.0 10.4 6.2 

3.01 2.55 2.34 2.00 1.55 8.7 13.1 8.6 

3.06 2.76 3.17 2.52 2.41 17.1 9.2 4.5 

1,087 821 887 377 -

-49.3 9.9 -

15 - - - - -86.6 - -

29,550 30,023 34,335 32,970 NA -4.2 -3.7 NA 

29,549 30,001 34,209 32,658 NA -4.2 -3.5 NA 

26,941 27,061 28,301 26,189 NA -9.5 -1.8 NA 

2,608 2,940 5,908 6,469 NA 51.3 -11.6 NA 

2 22 126 313 NA -100.0 -100.0 NA 

2 22 126 313 NA -100.0 -100.0 NA 

* 3 55 7 NA -100.0 -

NA 

* 3 55 7 NA -100.0 -

NA 

1 19 72 306 NA -100.0 - NA 

1 19 72 306 NA -100.0 - NA 

58,671 58,578 59,205 61,016 57,049 .6 -.8 .4 

50,358 49,577 48,848 50,479 45,025 2.2 .5 1.5 

3,970 4,813 4,753 4,727 5,967 3.3 -3.5 -4.1 

3,755 3,698 4,949 5,265 5,102 -23.0 -13.9 -6.1 

588 489 654 545 955 -.8 1.7 -5.3 

10,804 10,618 10,471 7,055 12,079 -29.4 2.0 -5.0 

10,395 10,213 9,956 6,607 11,062 -30.3 2.3 -4.6 

408 405 515 449 1,018 -6.7 -4.0 -10.3 

S26.93 S27.75 S28.65 S30.49 S33.17 4.1 -2.1 -1.8 

30.11 31.52 33.93 37.30 42.22 2.0 -4.7 -3.5 

24.84 25.22 25.57 27.24 28.06 6.7 -.7 -.6 

34.40 35.33 36.01 35.21 40.34 -1.0 -.8 -1.9 

35.24 34.85 35.04 33.79 36.06 -1.2 .8 -.4 

46.68 46.15 48.29 47.02 56.28 -3.4 -1.0 -2.4 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

N

* Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 205 
Table A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 939,706 

Productive Capacity1 82,148 

Production Total 59,700 

Underground 36,934 

Surface 22,766 

Capacity Utilization2 71.79 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 15.7 

Number of Miners 10,940 

Productivity Total2 2.80 

Underground 2.91 

Surface 2.63 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,826 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Domestic Distribution Total 53,482 

Within State 33,456 

To Other States 20,026 

Foreign Distribution Total... 5,508 

Metallurgical 1,919 

Steam 3,589 

Canada Total 597 

Metallurgical 10 

Steam 587 

Overseas Total 3 4,911 

Metallurgical 1,909 

Steam 3,002 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 56,158 

Electric Utility 40,257 

Industrial 4,311 

Coke 10,333 

Residential/Commercial 1,257 

Consumer Stocks Total 12,265 

Electric Utility 11,110 

All Other 1,155 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S26.50 

Underground 27.35 

Surface 25.09 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 35.73 

Industrial 34.04 

Coke 46.41 

937,427 985,784 1,126,272 1,184,077 1,451,497 0.2 -5.6 -4.7 

82,968 80,418 NA NA 86,959 -1.0 NA -.6 

68,981 65,381 70,514 70,596 77,494 -13.4 -4.1 -2.8 

45,112 40,953 40,530 39,607 37,480 -18.1 -1.7 -.2 

23,868 24,429 29,984 30,989 40,014 -4.6 -7.4 -6.1 

82.20 80.17 NA NA 88.16 -12.7 NA -2.3 

13.6 15.1 16.0 16.8 18.7 15.8 -1.6 -1.9 

12,659 13,506 15,903 15,469 24,797 -13.6 -8.3 -8.7 

2.67 2.43 2.24 2.28 1.67 4.7 5.2 5.9 

2.81 2.38 2.12 2.16 1.32 3.6 7.8 9.2 

2.45 2.53 2.42 2.47 2.22 7.5 1.6 1.9 

2,903 2,844 2,558 2,146 -

-37.1 -3.9 -

61,208 58,151 62,917 61,867 NA -12.6 -3.6 NA 

37,696 36,260 40,216 40,133 NA -11.3 -4.4 NA 

23,512 21,891 22,702 21,733 NA -14.8 -2.0 NA 

6,440 7,303 6,884 10,455 NA -14.5 -14.8 NA 

1,266 1,331 522 1,813 NA 51.6 1.4 NA 

5,175 5,972 6,362 8,642 NA -30.6 -19.7 NA 

1,599 2,338 2,692 4,920 NA -62.7 -41.0 NA 

-

8 42 147 NA --48.8 NA 

1,599 2,330 2,650 4,773 NA -63.3 -40.8 NA 

4,841 4,966 4,192 5,535 NA 1.4 -2.9 NA 

1,266 1,323 480 1,666 NA 50.8 3.5 NA 

3,575 3,642 3,712 3,869 NA -16.0 -6.1 NA 

56,074 54,931 57,319 58,526 58,498 .1 -1.0 -.4 

40,407 40,662 41,465 43,241 40,836 -.4 -1.8 -.1 

4,173 4,049 4,090 3,995 4,639 3.3 1.9 -.8 

9,868 8,812 10,456 9,877 11,546 4.7 1.1 -1.2 

1,626 1,408 1,308 1,413 1,477 -22.7 -2.9 -1.8 

15,976 15,546 15,426 11,870 18,603 -23.2 .8 -4.5 

14,866 14,412 14,363 11,069 16,110 -25.3 .1 -4.0 

1,110 1,135 1,063 801 2,493 4.1 9.6 -8.2 

S28.61 $29.40 $30.15 $29.33 $33.48 -7.4 -2.5 -2.6 

30.23 31.72 33.23 31.75 37.88 -9.5 -3.6 -3.5 

25.48 25.42 25.91 26.19 29.32 -1.5 -1.1 -1.7 

36.81 38.05 37.25 35.50 39.04 -2.9 .1 -1.0 

35.70 35.89 36.61 35.93 40.65 -4.6 -1.3 -1.9 

46.49 46.86 45.78 44.77 54.12 -.2 .9 -1.7 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

206 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,104,864 

Productive Capacity1 57,115 

Production Total 54,567 

Surface 54,567 

Capacity Utilization2 95.54 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 20.3 

Number of Miners 1,841 

Productivity Total 2 8.42 

Surface 8.42 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,237 

Imports3 156 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 54,224 

Domestic Distribution Total 54,224 

Within State 54,224 

To Other States 

Foreign Distribution Total... 

Steam 

Overseas Total4 

Steam 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 96,809 

Electric Utility 92,135 

Industrial 4,667 

Coke 

Residential/Commercial 6 

Consumer Stocks Total 9,172 

Electric Utility 8,125 

All Other 1,047 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $12.87 

Surface 12.87 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 20.91 

Industrial 17.58 

Coke 

1,188,240 1,225,124 1,209,492 1,135,326 876,931 -7.0 -0.7 2.6 

58,541 59,579 NA NA 42,837 -2.4 NA 3.2 

55,071 53.825 55,755 53,854 41,145 -.9 .3 3.2 

55,071 53,825 55,755 53,854 41,145 -.9 .3 3.2 

94.07 90.34 NA NA 96.05 1.5 NA 

21.6 22.8 21.7 21.1 21.3 -6.1 -1.0 -.6 

2,001 2,149 2,131 2,109 2,274 -8.0 -3.3 -2.3 

7.34 7.17 7.48 7.31 5.86 14.6 3.6 4.1 

7.34 7.17 7.48 7.31 5.86 14.6 3.6 4.1 

543 400 930 514 -

128.0 24.5 -

80 - - - - 95.9 - -

54,447 54,243 55,024 54,201 NA -.4 • NA 

54,447 54,243 55,016 54,201 NA -.4 * NA 

54,447 54,243 55,016 54,201 NA -.4 * NA 

- - * - NA - - NA 

- - 9 - NA - - NA 

_ - 9 - NA - - NA 

- - 9 - NA - - NA 

- - 9 - NA - - NA 

91,568 92,064 91,415 90,989 72,452 5.7 1.6 3.3 

87,333 87,856 87,248 86,701 66,957 5.5 1.5 3.6 

4,225 4,198 4,157 4,275 4,996 10.4 2.2 -.8 

10 11 10 w w -36.8 w w 

10,392 10,932 9,619 w w -11.7 w w 

10,143 10,474 8,531 9,329 6,694 -19.9 -3.4 2.2 

248 458 1,088 w w 321.5 w w 

$12.42 $12.21 $11.20 $10.91 $11.14 3.6 4.2 1.6 

12.42 12.21 11.20 10.91 11.14 3.6 4.2 1.6 

21.58 21.66 21.19 21.12 24.55 -3.1 -.3 -1.8 

18.14 18.61 16.79 18.45 27.84 -3.1 -1.2 -5.0 

- - - - w - - -

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

* Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

NA N0 t available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 207 
Table A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 446,729 

Productive Capacity1 25,933 

Production Total 21,847 

Underground 21,847 

Capacity Utilization2 84.22 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 20.4 

Number of Miners 1,769 

Productivity Total2 5.96 

Underground 5.96 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,203 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 22,243 

Domestic Distribution Total 19,283 

Within State 13,418 

To Other States 5,866 

Foreign Distribution Total... 2,959 

Metallurgical 

Steam 2,959 

Canada Total 346 

Steam 346 

Overseas Total 3 2,613 

Metallurgical 

Steam 2,613 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 15,848 

Electric Utility 13,995 

Industrial 727 

Coke w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 3,264 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S20.81 

Underground 20.81 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 27.34 

Industrial 26.51 

Coke w 

488,109 508,872 505,042 518,620 533,259 -8.5 -3.7 -1.9 

25,534 25,482 NA NA 13,553 1.6 NA 7.5 

21,339 21,945 22,058 20,102 12,323 2.4 2.1 6.6 

21,339 21,945 22,058 20,102 12,323 2.4 2.1 6.6 

83.57 86.12 NA NA 90.92 .8 NA -.8 

22.9 23.2 22.9 25.8 43.3 -10.6 -5.6 -8.0 

1,997 2,277 2,434 2,169 2,525 -11.4 -5.0 -3.9 

5.46 4.80 4.74 4.75 2.94 9.1 5.8 8.2 

5.46 4.80 4.74 4.75 2.94 9.1 5.8 8.2 

1,827 1,676 1,484 883 -

-34.2 8.0 -

21,052 21,444 21,506 20,578 NA 5.7 2.0 NA 

18,792 19,358 19,756 18,402 NA 2.6 1.2 NA 

13,035 13,605 14,107 12,945 NA 2.9 .9 NA 

5,758 5,753 5,649 5,457 NA 1.9 1.8 NA 

2,260 2,086 1,751 2,177 NA 31.0 8.0 NA 

- - 190 * NA -

-100.0 NA 

2,260 2,086 1,560 2,176 NA 31.0 8.0 NA 

- - - - NA - - NA 

- - - - NA - - NA 

2,260 2,086 1,751 2,177 NA 15.6 4.7 NA 

- - 190 * NA - - NA 

2,260 2,086 1,560 2,176 NA 15.6 4.7 NA 

15,719 14,834 15,738 15,044 7,905 .8 1.3 8.0 

13,857 12,829 13,563 12,949 5,712 1.0 2.0 10.5 

525 508 676 686 608 38.4 1.4 2.0 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

3,153 4,123 3,697 3,202 618 3.5 .5 20.3 

w w w w w w w w 

S21.11 $22.59 $18.53 $21.46 $29.20 -1.4 -.8 -3.7 

21.11 22.59 18.53 21.46 29.20 -1.4 -.8 -3.7 

27.54 27.40 26.80 28.05 30.64 -.7 -.6 -1.3 

25.35 26.43 28.49 26.79 32.71 4.6 -.3 -2.3 

w w w w w w w w 

' For 1984, the Form ElA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

«* Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

208 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 335,883 

Productive Capacity1 50,879 

Production Total 39,317 

Underground 30,166 

Surface 9,151 

Capacity Utilization2 77.07 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 8.5 

Number of Miners 8,339 

Productivity Total2 2.41 

Underground 2.19 

Surface 3.55 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 1,389 

Imports3 34 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 41,639 

Domestic Distribution Total 27,388 

Within State 6,076 

To Other States 21,312 

Foreign Distribution Total... 14,251 

Metallurgical 13,512 

Steam 739 

Canada Total 1,229 

Metallurgical 1,229 

Steam 

Overseas Total 4 13,021 

Metallurgical 12,283 

Steam 739 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 13,584 

Electric Utility 9,447 

Industrial 2,863 

Coke w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 1,418 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S26.80 

Underground 27.26 

Surface 25.29 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 37.57 

Industrial 41.27 

Coke w 

365,823 411,849 423,584 419,716 611,621 -8.2 -5.4 -6.4 

54,471 55,271 NA NA 43,069 -6.6 NA 1.9 

43,024 41,954 46,917 43,006 40,368 -8.6 -2.2 -.3 

34,715 34,138 39,150 36,044 32.896 -13.1 -4.3 -.9 

8,308 7,816 7,767 6,962 7,473 10.1 7.1 2.3 

78.70 75.65 NA NA 92.66 -2.1 NA -2.0 

8.5 9.8 9.0 9.8 15.1 .5 -3.3 -6.2 

9,138 10,055 10,342 10,371 14,091 -8.7 -5.3 -5.7 

2.37 2.23 2.24 2.21 1.61 1.6 2.2 4.6 

2.20 2.12 2.14 2.15 1.49 -.2 .5 4.3 

3.50 2.95 2.89 2.59 2.41 1.4 8.3 4.4 

1,714 2,154 1,844 1,095 --19.0 6.1 -

46 - - - - -24.5 - -

45,728 43,495 48,038 42,533 NA -8.9 -.5 NA 

28,504 25,390 28,863 27,799 NA -3.9 -.4 NA 

6,082 5,457 5,638 4,992 NA -.1 5.0 NA 

22,422 19,933 23,226 22,807 NA -4.9 -1.7 NA 

17,224 18,105 19,174 14,733 NA -17.3 -.8 NA 

14,021 14,404 16,435 12,871 NA -3.6 1.2 NA 

3,203 3,700 2,740 1,863 NA -76.9 -20.6 NA 

1,331 1,404 1,244 990 NA -7.6 5.6 NA 

- - - - NA - - NA 

1,331 1,404 1,244 990 NA -100.0 -

NA 

15,893 16,701 17,931 13,743 NA -18.1 -1.3 NA 

14,021 14,404 16,435 12,871 NA -12.4 -1.2 NA 

1,873 2,296 1,496 873 NA -60.5 -4.1 NA 

13,418 13,980 13,105 14,279 12,168 1.2 -1.2 1.2 

8,661 8,568 8,228 9,573 7,323 9.1 -.3 2.9 

3,592 4,301 3,756 3,576 3,563 -20.3 -5.4 -2.4 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

1,922 1,685 1,639 1,368 2,119 -26.2 .9 -4.4 

w w w w w w w w 

$27.55 S27.45 S28.05 $27.64 $31.17 -2.7 -.8 -1.7 

27.88 27.76 28.39 28.31 31.21 -2.2 -.9 -1.5 

26.17 26.12 26.32 24.11 30.99 -3.4 1.2 -2.2 

37.81 38.87 39.29 39.29 46.16 -.6 -1.1 -2.3 

40.97 40.53 41.05 38.92 43.13 .7 1.5 -.5 

w w w w w w w w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

M A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 209 
Table A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 1,930,903 

Productive Capacity' 191,706 

Production Total 130,525 

Underground 87,997 

Surface 42,528 

Capacity Utilization2 67.91 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 14.8 

Number of Miners 22,979 

Productivity Total2 3.27 

Underground 2.92 

Surface 4.35 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 4,059 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Domestic Distribution Total 102,659 

Within State 22,887 

To Other States 79,772 

Foreign Distribution Total... 33,159 

Metallurgical 27,627 

Steam 5,532 

Canada Total 4,108 

Metallurgical 4,071 

Steam 37 

Overseas Total3 29,052 

Metallurgical 23,556 

Steam 5,495 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 32,046 

Electric Utility 27,782 

Industrial 2,406 

Coke w 

Residential/Commercial w 

Consumer Stocks Total w 

Electric Utility 4,001 

All Other w 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S27.58 

Underground 28.54 

Surface 25.57 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 35.42 

Industrial 32.91 

Coke w 

2,043,062 2,122,087 2,115,125 2,313,423 2,935,158 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 

198,083 200,114 NA NA 142,455 -3.2 NA 3.3 

162,164 167,352 169,205 153,580 131,008 -19.5 -4.0 * 

115,212 119,821 123,306 113,202 106,215 -23.6 -6.1 -2.1 

46,952 47,530 45,898 40,378 24,793 -9.4 1.3 6.2 

81.70 83.42 NA NA 91.46 -16.9 NA -3.3 

12.6 12.7 12.5 15.1 22.4 17.4 -.4 -4.5 

26,017 28,310 29,578 29,482 39,636 -11.7 -6.0 -5.9 

3.27 3.11 2.96 2.77 1.88 -.1 4.2 6.4 

2.99 2.83 2.70 2.59 1.79 -2.3 3.1 5.6 

4.27 4.18 4.02 3.49 2.38 1.8 5.6 6.9 

7,405 6,464 5,250 3,251 --45.2 5.7 -

112,917 111,785 118,032 102,864 NA -9.1 • NA 

26,644 27,191 32,957 30,151 NA -14.1 -6.7 NA 

86,273 84,593 85,075 72,713 NA -7.5 2.3 NA 

50,806 53,792 48,733 36,082 NA -34.7 -2.1 NA 

35,353 35,891 29,995 27,031 NA -21.8 .5 NA 

15,453 17,900 18,739 9,051 NA -64.2 -11.6 NA 

8,911 7,464 6,992 5,444 NA -53.9 -6.8 NA 

8,021 7,351 5,067 5,165 NA -49.3 -5.8 NA 

890 113 1,925 279 NA -95.8 -39.7 NA 

41,895 46,328 41,741 30,638 NA -30.7 -1.3 NA 

27,332 28,540 24,928 21,866 NA -13.8 1.9 NA 

14,564 17,787 16,813 8,772 NA -62.3 -11.0 NA 

32,019 31,843 34,896 37,186 36,158 .1 -3.6 -1.3 

28,050 27,557 29,873 32,391 31,058 -.9 -3.8 -1.2 

2,266 2,310 2,918 2,712 2,922 6.2 -2.9 -2.1 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

7,863 7,707 6,874 3,729 9,127 -49.1 1.8 -8.8 

w w w w w w w w 

S28.15 S28.62 S28.62 S28.69 S34.18 -2.0 -1.0 -2.3 

29.14 29.63 29.75 29.49 34.85 -2.0 -.8 -2.2 

25.72 26.08 25.55 26.42 31.28 -.6 -.8 -2.2 

36.88 37.93 36.66 35.33 40.14 -3.9 .1 -1.4 

31.93 32.08 31.88 30.85 36.89 3.1 1.6 -1.3 

w w w w w w w w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

210 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 6,830,720 

Productive Capacity1 277,875 

Production Total 210,129 

Underground 2,136 

Surface 207,993 

Capacity Utilization2 75.62 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 32.5 

Number of Miners 3,159 

Productivity Total2 24.46 

Underground 3.56 

Surface 26.03 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 998 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 211,713 

Domestic Distribution Total 210,739 

Within State 25,519 

To Other States 185,220 

Foreign Distribution Total... 974 

Steam 974 

Canada Total 

Steam 

Overseas Total 3 974 

Steam 974 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 26,171 

Electric Utility 24,111 

Industrial 1,873 

Residential/Commercial 187 

Consumer Stocks Total 1,841 

Electric Utility 1,728 

AllOther 113 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $7.32 

Underground w 

Surface w 

Consumer 

Electric Utility S14.03 

Industrial 23.43 

6,750,718 6,336,075 6,563,528 6,287,739 5,927,441 1.2 2.1 1.6 

253,312 250,251 NA NA 143,143 9.7 NA 7.6 

190,172 193,854 184,249 171,558 130,914 10.5 5.2 5.4 

2,511 2,418 1,722 1,645 1,345 -14.9 6.7 5.3 

187,661 191,437 182,527 169,913 129,569 10.8 5.2 5.4 

75.07 77.46 NA NA 91.46 .7 NA -2.1 

35.5 32.7 35.6 36.6 45.3 -8.4 -2.9 -3.6 

3,326 3,301 3,330 3,351 4,476 -5.0 -1.5 -3.8 

21.50 21.87 21.41 20.28 13.77 13.8 4.8 6.6 

4.19 4.17 2.80 3.21 2.42 -14.9 2.7 4.4 

22.76 23.11 22.84 21.38 14.48 14.4 5.0 6.7 

2,794 2,918 3,185 3,001 --64.3 -24.1 -

190,260 194,407 184,386 171,565 NA 11.3 5.4 NA 

188,983 193,425 183,712 171,487 NA 11.5 5.3 NA 

26,388 25,284 25,387 24,269 NA -3.3 1.3 NA 

162,595 168,141 158,325 147,218 NA 13.9 5.9 NA 

1,277 982 674 78 NA -23.8 87.8 NA 

1,277 982 674 78 NA -23.8 87.8 NA 

-

20 62 - NA - - NA 

-

20 62 -NA - - NA 

1,277 962 612 78 NA -23.8 87.8 NA 

1,277 962 612 78 NA -23.8 87.8 NA 

27,339 25,150 25,514 23,952 20,756 -4.3 2.2 2.6 

25,114 23,115 23,526 21,908 18,805 -4.0 2.4 2.8 

2,126 1,896 1,857 1,908 w -11.9 -.4 w 

99 138 130 w w 88.0 w w 

2,242 2,835 3,293 3,410 w -17.9 -14.3 w 

2,153 2,767 3,215 3,337 4,642 -19.7 -15.2 -10.4 

89 68 78 74 w 27.0 11.3 w 

S8.14 $8.09 $8.43 $8.63 $11.89 -10.1 -4.0 -5.3 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

$13.42 $14.55 $14.74 $14.86 $16.66 4.6 -1.4 -1.9 

23.67 25.19 24.91 24.14 w -1.0 -.7 w 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Includes Mexico. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 211 
Table A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 506,419 

Productive Capacity1 23,567 

Production Total 18,848 

Underground 4,523 

Surface 14,325 

Capacity Utilization2 79.48 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 26.9 

Number of Miners 2,478 

Productivity Total2 3.59 

Underground 3.05 

Surface 3.80 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 297 

Imports3 4,571 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 374,259 

Domestic Distribution Total 17,914 

Within State 100 

To Other States 17,814 

Foreign Distribution Total... 1,142 

Metallurgical 50 

Steam 1,092 

Canada Total 1 

Steam 1 

Overseas Total* 1,142 

Metallurgical 50 

Steam 1,092 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 365,045 

Electric Utility 329,279 

Industrial 31,970 

Coke 1,243 

Residential/Commercial 2,552 

Consumer Stocks Total 48,850 

Electric Utility 45,411 

All Other 3,439 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total $23.14 

Underground 26.72 

Surface 22.02 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 30.68 

Industrial 38.95 

Coke 58.19 

514,739 577,615 588,588 687,954 841,476 -1.6 -7.4 -5.5 

28,144 29,465 NA NA 31,643 -16.3 NA -3.2 

22,284 22,807 25,140 25,986 29,581 -15.4 -7.7 -4.9 

4,367 5,717 6,617 6,606 7,648 3.6 -9.0 -5.7 

17,917 17,089 18,523 19,380 21,933 -20.0 -7.3 -4.6 

78.65 76.94 NA NA 92.75 1.0 NA -1.7 

23.1 25.3 23.4 26.5 28.4 16.3 .4 -.6 

2,918 3,539 4,297 4,523 7,171 -15.1 -14.0 -11.1 

3.40 3.09 2.84 2.82 2.11 5.5 6.2 6.1 

2.40 2.27 1.95 1.83 1.69 26.9 13.5 6.8 

3.78 3.52 3.39 3.44 2.30 .6 2.5 5.7 

289 612 580 1,070 -2.9 -27.4 -

1,779 1,967 1,366 1,215 783 157.0 39.3 21.6 

415,136 411,964 434,912 418,988 NA -9.8 -2.8 NA 

20,654 21,561 23,417 41,711 NA -13.3 -19.0 NA 

143 106 142 260 NA -30.3 -21.3 NA 

20,511 21,454 23,276 41,451 NA -13.1 -19.0 NA 

1,250 1,083 1,651 13,361 NA -8.6 -45.9 NA 

- * * 2,037 NA -

-60.4 NA 

1,250 1,083 1,651 11,324 NA -12.6 -44.3 NA 

-

23 * 402 NA --78.3 NA 

-

23 * 402 NA --78.3 NA 

1,250 1,060 1,650 12,959 NA -8.7 -45.5 NA 

- * * 2,037 NA -

-60.4 NA 

1,250 1,060 1,650 10,922 NA -12.7 -43.8 NA 

350,253 351,883 354,565 351,616 312,104 4.2 .9 1.8 

315,259 314,762 315,146 312,655 272,108 4.4 1.3 2.1 

31,728 31,954 33,065 32,533 29,984 .8 -.4 .7 

1,148 2,806 3,740 4,401 6,320 8.3 -27.1 -16.5 

2,119 2,360 2,614 2,028 3,691 20.4 5.9 -4.0 

68,257 71,836 71,991 64,269 86,559 -28.4 -6.6 -6.1 

64,006 67,654 66,880 59,718 79,605 -29.0 -6.6 -6.0 

4,251 4,182 5,111 4,551 6,954 -19.1 -6.8 -7.5 

S24.39 S25.57 S25.18 $24.88 $27.44 -5.1 -1.8 -1.9 

27.26 26.50 28.25 27.63 30.13 -2.0 -.8 -1.3 

23.69 25.26 24.09 23.95 26.50 -7.1 -2.1 -2.0 

31.79 32.31 33.18 33.31 38.79 -3.5 -2.0 -2.6 

39.35 39.70 40.30 39.20 44.45 -1.0 -.1 -1.4 

53.10 56.62 53.79 52.45 60.37 9.6 2.6 -.4 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Other States include Alaska, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Washington. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components 

due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

212 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1984, 1989-1993 

Category 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual 

Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Supply (thousand short tons) 

Recoverable Reserves 21,535,283 

Productive Capacity1 1,261,873 

Production Total 945,424 

Underground 351,053 

Surface 594,371 

Capacity Utilization2 74.77 

Ratio of Recoverable 

Reserves to Production 22.8 

Number of Miners 101,322 

Productivity Total 2 4.70 

Underground 2.95 

Surface 7.23 

Producer/Distributor Stocks . 25,284 

Imports3 5,496 

Distribution (thousand short tons) 

Distribution Total 959,445 

Domestic Distribution Total 883,934 

Within State 339,034 

To Other States 544,900 

Foreign Distribution Total... 75,510 

Metallurgical 52,369 

Steam 23,142 

Canada Total 7,751 

Metallurgical 6,666 

Steam 1,085 

Overseas Total 4 67,759 

Metallurgical 45,702 

Steam 22,057 

Demand (thousand short tons) 

Consumption Total 925,944 

Electric Utility 813,508 

Industrial 74,892 

Coke 31,323 

Residential/Commercial 6,221 

Consumer Stocks Total 120,458 

Electric Utility 111,341 

Ail Other 9,117 

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton) 

Mine Total S19.85 

Underground 26.92 

Surface 15.67 

Consumer 

Electric Utility 28.58 

Industrial 32.23 

Coke 47.44 

21,626,971 21,998,540 22,761,328 22,679,827 24,598,747 -0.4 -1.3 -1.5 

1,241,054 1,248,479 NA NA 968,719 1.7 NA 3.0 

997,545 995,984 1,029,076 980,729 895,921 -5.2 -.9 .6 

407,239 407,225 424,546 393,835 352,050 -13.8 -2.8 • 

590,306 588,759 604,529 586,893 543,870 .7 .3 1.0 

80.20 79.58 NA NA 91.94 -6.8 NA -2.3 

21.7 22.1 22.1 23.1 27.5 5.1 -.4 -2.0 

110,196 120,602 131,310 131,497 177,848 -8.0 -6.3 -6.1 

4.36 4.09 3.83 3.70 2.64 7.7 6.1 6.6 

2.93 2.69 2.54 2.46 1.72 .8 4.6 6.2 

6.59 6.38 5.94 5.61 4.03 9.7 6.5 6.7 

33,993 32,971 33,418 29,000 34,090 -25.6 -3.4 -3.3 

1,973 1,967 1,366 1,215 783 178.6 45.8 24.2 

998,647 994,146 1,023,935 981,699 NA -3.9 -.6 NA 

897,267 885,882 919,589 882,034 NA -1.5 * NA 

355,232 345,486 365,065 352,341 NA -4.6 -1.0 NA 

542,035 540,395 554,524 529,692 NA .5 .7 NA 

101,380 108,264 104,346 99,580 NA -25.5 -6.7 NA 

62,013 63,003 62,496 57,364 NA -15.5 -2.3 NA 

39,367 45,261 41,849 42,216 NA -41.2 -13.9 NA 

13,919 12,828 13,189 13,650 NA -44.3 -13.2 NA 

9,394 8,483 6,215 6,759 NA -29.0 -.3 NA 

4,525 4,345 6,975 6,892 NA -76.0 -37.0 NA 

87,461 95,436 91,156 85,929 NA -22.5 -5.8 NA 

52,619 54,520 56,282 50,605 NA -13.1 -2.5 NA 

34,842 40,916 34,875 35,324 NA -36.7 -11.1 NA 

892,421 887,621 895,480 889,699 791,296 3.8 1.0 1.8 

779,860 772,268 773,549 766,888 664,399 4.3 1.5 2.3 

74,042 75,405 76,330 76,134 73,745 1.1 -.4 .2 

32,366 33,854 38,877 40,508 44,022 -3.2 -6.2 -3.7 

6,153 6,094 6,724 6,167 9,130 1.1 .2 -4.2 

163,692 167,711 168,210 146,087 197,211 -26.4 -4.7 -5.3 

154,130 157,876 156,166 135,860 179,727 -27.8 -4.8 -5.2 

9,562 9,835 12,044 10,227 17,483 -4.6 -2.8 -7.0 

$21.03 $21.49 $21.76 $21.82 S25.61 -5.6 -2.3 -2.8 

27.83 28.56 28.58 28.44 33.36 -3.3 -1.4 -2.3 

16.34 16.60 16.98 17.38 20.59 -4.1 -2.6 -3.0 

29.36 30.02 30.45 30.15 35.12 -2.6 -1.3 -2.3 

32.78 33.54 33.59 33.03 39.30 -1.7 -.6 -2.2 

47.92 48.88 47.73 47.50 56.58 -1.0 * -1.9 

1

 For 1984, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily 

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form E1A-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. 

3

 Imports for 1992 and 1993 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1984 through 1991 include only imports to electric utilities. 

4

 Includes Mexico. 

* Data round to zero. 

•** Not available. 

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report;" Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545" and "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 213 

Appendix B 

Metric Tables 

Haul trucks such as this one, with capacities of approximately 100 tons, are used at surface mines as a link from the 

production area of the mine to the shipping area. 

Appendix B 

Metric Tables 

In response to requests from international users of U.S. 

coal statistics, certain summary data have been converted from the customary short tons to metric. This 

enables U.S. statistics to be compared with data published by countries using the metric system. The conversion to metric tons is made by multiplying short 

tons by 0.907185. 

The data converted to metric tons are from Tables 

ES3, 1, 15, 24, 34, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 92, 94, 96, 98, and 

99. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 217 
Table B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and 

Stocks, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Million Metric Tons) 

Activity 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Production 

Imports 

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 

Consumption 

Exports 

Consumer Stocks1 

858 905 904 934 890 813 -5.2 

7 3 3 2 3 1 92.2 

23 31 30 30 26 31 -25.6 

840 810 805 812 807 718 3.8 

68 93 99 96 91 74 -27.3 

109 148 152 153 133 179 -26.4 

-0.9 

26.5 

-3.4 

1.0 

-7.3 

-4.7 

0.6 

21.3 

-3.3 

1 8 

-1 0 

-5 3 

1

 Reported as of the last day of the quarter. 

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and 

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report;" and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing 

Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

218 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B2. Coal Production by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Metric Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 22,469 

Alaska 1,452 

Arizona 11,043 

Arkansas 40 

California 

Colorado 19,854 

Georgia 

Illinois 37,283 

Indiana 26,576 

Iowa 159 

Kansas 310 

Kentucky Total 141,792 

Eastern 109,036 

Western 32,756 

Louisiana 2,843 

Maryland 3,044 

Missouri 592 

Montana 32,583 

New Mexico 25,644 

North Dakota 29,005 

Ohio 26,141 

Oklahoma 1,595 

Pennsylvania Total 54,159 

Anthracite 3,906 

Bituminous 50,253 

Tennessee 2,764 

Texas 49,502 

Utah 19,819 

Virginia 35,668 

Washington 4,300 

West Virginia Total 118.411 

Northern 30,665 

Southern 87,746 

Wyoming 190,626 

Appalachian Total 1 371,690 

Interior Total 1 151,658 

Western Total 1 334,327 

East of Miss. River 468,306 

West of Miss. River 389,369 

U.S. Total 857,675 

23,401 24,738 26,335 25,394 24,574 -4.0 -3.0 -1.0 

1,392 1,303 1,548 1,436 779 4.3 .3 7.2 

11,351 11,977 10,254 10,828 10,452 -2.7 .5 .6 

53 47 53 63 74 -24.1 -10.6 -6.5 

94 51 55 37 - -100.0 - -

17,442 16,179 17,155 15,534 16,299 13.8 6.3 2.2 

- - - - 113 - - -

54,301 54,665 54,787 53,767 57,850 -31.3 -8.7 -4.8 

27,639 28,547 32,574 30,519 34,069 -3.8 -3.4 -2.7 

262 312 346 390 478 -39.4 -20.1 -11.5 

329 377 654 776 1,205 -5.9 -20.5 -14.0 

146,119 144,224 157,235 151,852 144,733 -3.0 -1.7 -.2 

108,302 106,340 116,479 114,069 106,389 .7 -1.1 .3 

37,817 37,884 40,756 37,784 38,344 -13.4 -3.5 -1.7 

2,939 2,858 2,890 2,706 - -3.3 1.2 -

3,031 3,423 3,163 3,062 3,722 .4 -.1 -2.2 

2,618 2,090 2,401 3,064 6,108 -77.4 -33.7 -22.8 

35,280 34,688 34,125 34,239 29,937 -7.6 -1.2 .9 

22,270 19,520 22,038 21,502 19,304 15.1 4.5 3.2 

28,797 26,790 26,502 26,822 20,059 .7 2.0 4.2 

27,581 27,732 31,980 30,562 35,613 -5.2 -3.8 -3.4 

1,580 1,670 1,540 1,590 4,209 1.0 .1 -10.2 

62,578 59,313 63,969 64,044 70,301 -13.4 -4.1 -2.8 

3,160 3,125 3,181 3,037 3,775 23.6 6.5 .4 

59,419 56,188 60,788 61,007 66,526 -15.4 -4.7 -3.1 

3,154 3,892 5,618 5,879 6,634 -12.3 -17.2 -9.3 

49,960 48,829 50,580 48,856 37,326 -.9 .3 3.2 

19,359 19,908 20,011 18,237 11,179 2.4 2.1 6.6 

39,030 38,060 42,562 39,014 36,622 -8.6 -2.2 -.3 

4,764 4,666 4,537 4,571 3,512 -9.7 -1.5 2.3 

147,112 151,819 153,500 139,325 118,848 -19.5 -4.0 * 

45,379 47,314 51,384 50,819 50,810 -32.4 -11.9 -5.4 

101,734 104,504 102.116 88,507 68,038 -13.7 -.2 2.9 

172,522 175,862 167,148 155,635 118,763 10.5 5.2 5.4 

414,189 415,317 443,607 421,349 402,816 -10.3 -3.1 -.9 

177,499 177,280 186,582 179,514 179,664 -14.5 -4.1 -1.9 

313,270 310,945 303,373 288,840 230,286 6.7 3.7 4.2 

533,946 536,413 571,724 543,418 533,080 -12.3 -3.6 -1.4 

371,012 367,129 361,838 346,285 279,686 4.9 3.0 3.7 

904,958 903,542 933,562 889,702 812,766 -5.2 -.9 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

• Data round to zero. 

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 219 
Table B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Metric Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 19841 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 25,325 27,048 27,392 

Alaska w w w 

Arizona w w w 

Arkansas w w w 

California - w w 

Colorado 27,252 23,449 21,403 

Georgia - - -

Illinois 62,886 68,753 68,683 

Indiana 39,875 39,000 40,964 

Iowa w w w 

Kansas w w w 

Kentucky Total 185,796 177,220 180,786 

Eastern 142,717 135,212 132,040 

Western 43,079 42,008 48,747 

Louisiana w w w 

Maryland 3,563 3,539 3,854 

Missouri w w w 

Montana 46,129 44,073 44,093 

New Mexico 30,264 26,773 25,571 

North Dakota 32,995 33,553 32,637 

Ohio 38,315 37,493 42,997 

Oklahoma 2,197 2,256 2,112 

Pennsylvania Total 74,524 75,267 72,954 

Anthracite 5,267 3,758 3,668 

Bituminous 69,256 71,509 69,286 

Tennessee 3,414 3,567 4,680 

Texas 51,814 53,108 54,049 

Utah 23,526 23,164 23,117 

Virginia 46,156 49,415 50,141 

Washington w w w 

West Virginia Total 173,913 179,697 181,541 

Northern 54,445 56,981 58,710 

Southern 119,468 122,716 122,831 

Wyoming 252,084 229,801 227,024 

Appalachian Total 2 507,927 511,239 515,599 

Interior Total 2 204,968 213,225 222,702 

Western Total 2 431,858 401,401 394,300 

East Of Miss. River 653,767 661,000 673,992 

West of Miss. River 490,986 464,865 458,609 

U.S. Total 1,144,753 1,125,866 1,132,601 

NA NA 26,917 -6.4 NA -0.7 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA - w NA -

NA NA 18,049 16.2 NA 4.7 

NA NA w -

NA w 

NA NA 63,635 -8.5 NA -.1 

NA NA 35,945 2.2 NA 1.1 

NA NA 710 w NA w 

NA NA 1,266 w NA w 

NA NA 149,121 4.8 NA 2.5 

NA NA 106,985 5.5 NA 3.3 

NA NA 42,136 2.5 NA .2 

NA NA - w NA w 

NA NA 3,826 .7 NA -.8 

NA NA 6,446 w NA w 

NA NA 33,122 4.7 NA 3.7 

NA NA 21,077 13.0 NA 4.1 

NA NA 24,226 -1.7 NA 3.5 

NA NA 38,690 2.2 NA -.1 

NA NA 4,367 -2.6 NA -7.3 

NA NA 78,888 -1.0 NA -.6 

NA NA 3,817 40.2 NA 3.6 

NA NA 75,072 -3.1 NA -.9 

NA NA 6,929 -4.3 NA -7.6 

NA NA 38,861 -2.4 NA 3.2 

NA NA 12,295 1.6 NA 7.5 

NA NA 39,071 -6.6 NA 1.9 

NA NA w w NA w 

NA NA 129,233 -3.2 NA 3.3 

NA NA 54,773 -4.4 NA -.1 

NA NA 74,460 -2.6 NA 5.4 

NA NA 129,857 9.7 NA 7.6 

NA NA w -.6 NA w 

NA NA w -3.9 NA w 

NA NA 254,733 7.6 NA 6.0 

NA NA 572,369 -1.1 NA 1.5 

NA NA 306,438 5.6 NA 5.4 

NA NA 878,807 1.7 NA 3.0 

1

 For 1984, Form EIA-7A solicited data on "Daily Productive Capacity." To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1984, each mine's daily productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year. 

2

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

N A

 Not available. 

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, 

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are 

not required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 

220 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Million Metric Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total.... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 .. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

387 424 427 444 461 598 -8.8 -4.3 -4.7 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

- w w w w - w w w 

552 552 560 496 601 784 .1 -2.1 -3.8 

- - - - - w - - w 

965 1,088 1,140 1,065 1,253 1,266 -11.3 -6.3 -3.0 

344 367 381 403 431 450 -6.2 -5.5 -2.9 

w w w w w 7 w w w 

w w w w 25 35 w w w 

1,658 1,318 1,481 1,438 1,373 1,711 25.8 4.8 -.3 

1,222 866 983 902 847 1,140 41.1 9.6 .8 

436 452 497 536 526 571 -3.5 -4.6 -2.9 

w w w w w - w w w 

60 53 78 77 79 62 12.1 -6.6 -.3 

w w w w w 311 w w w 

1,166 1,226 1,264 1,699 1,373 1,640 -4.9 -4.0 -3.7 

1,336 1,356 1,459 1,385 1,280 1,380 -1.4 1.1 -.3 

1,280 1,211 1,257 1,283 1,234 1,472 5.7 .9 -1.5 

472 523 536 628 739 808 -9.8 -10.6 -5.8 

42 44 36 34 21 54 -4.3 18.1 -2.8 

852 850 894 1,022 1,074 1,317 .2 -5.6 -4.7 

59 64 69 70 55 61 -7.0 2.1 -.2 

793 787 825 952 1,020 1,256 .8 -6.1 -5.0 

27 39 51 57 65 97 -31.4 -19.9 -13.3 

1,002 1,078 1,111 1,097 1,030 796 -7.0 -.7 2.6 

405 443 462 458 470 484 -8.5 -3.7 -1.9 

305 332 374 384 381 555 -8.2 -5.4 -6.4 

w w w w w w w w w 

1,752 1,853 1,925 1,919 2,099 2,663 -5.5 -4.4 -4.5 

747 871 939 924 1,073 1,380 -14.3 -8.6 -6.6 

1,005 982 986 995 1,026 1,283 2.3 -.5 -2.7 

6,197 6,124 5,748 5,954 5,704 5,377 1.2 2.1 1.6 

5,076 4,941 5,268 5,433 5,743 w 2.7 -3.0 w 

2,994 3,228 3,370 3,340 3,544 w -7.3 -4.1 w 

11,466 11,450 11,319 11,876 11,287 11,583 .1 .4 -.1 

6,822 6,848 7,286 7,437 7,953 9,527 -.4 -3.8 -3.6 

12,715 12,772 12,671 13,212 12,622 12,789 -.4 .2 -.1 

19,536 19,620 19,957 20,649 20,575 22,316 -1.3 -1.5 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short 

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 221 
Table B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Metric Tons) 

Continent and Country 

of Origin 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada 

Guatemala 

Mexico 

955,786 

953,696 

4 

2,086 

926,102 848,646 

926,102 848,646 

888,336 963,128 

882,708 911,150 

5,628 51,978 

241,590 

241,590 

3.2 

3.0 

-0.2 

1.1 

-55.2 

16.5 

16.5 

South America Total 4,912,696 

Argentina 

Colombia 3,734,915 

Venezuela 1,177.781 

Europe Total 

Czechoslovakia 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Poland 

United Kingdom 

2,088,277 2,192,038 

1,599,502 1,706,814 

488,775 485,224 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) .... 

Hong Kong 

India 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of. 

Malaysia 

Thailand 

1,534,039 1,538,125 

240 

1,295,594 1,214,321 

238,445 323,564 

244,161 

135.3 33.7 39.6 

- -100.0 -

133.5 32.4 35.4 

141.0 38.1 -

56 81 5 

5 

4,892 10,468 99,238 -30.9 -72.9 -56.4 

54 _ 

5 

5 

118 _ _ _ _ _ 

- - - - 9 - - -100.0 -

- - - 1 300 - - -100.0 -

- - - - - 10 - - -100.0 

- - -

42 

10.159 15 - -100.0 -100.0 

2 _ _ 

42 

_ 99,175 _ _ -69.9 

- 81 - 4,731 - 38 -100.0 - -100.0 

642,359 338,513 6,254 2 43,350 15 89.8 96.2 227.1 

- 258 183 - 43,267 2 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

- 1 - - 37 - -100.0 -100.0 -

- 60,014 - - - - -100.0 - -

642,359 229,779 6,025 - - 6 179.5 - 262.1 

- - 1 2 - 7 - - -100.0 

48,461 

46 

- -100.0 

-100.0 

45 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Australia 

New Zealand 

Africa Total 

South Africa, Rep of. 

Swaziland 

95,664 

90,787 

4,877 

91,613 

91,613 

28,219 

28,219 

21,586 

21,586 

31,429 

31,429 

25,618 

25,618 

4.4 

-.9 

32.1 

30.4 

15.8 

15.1 

23,967 

18,433 

5,534 

5,227 

5,227 

- - - 555,604 

555,604 

358.5 

252.6 

- -29.5 

-31.5 

Total 6,630,528 3,449,813 3,075,162 2,448,855 2,586,500 1,166,227 92.2 26.5 21.3 

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." 

222 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Metric Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total 

Northern 

Southern .-

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1 ... 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River. 

O.S. Total _ 

2.14 2.26 1.97 2.02 2.04 1.48 -5.4 1.1 4.1 

6.71 6.29 6.19 7.67 7.02 4.03 6.7 -1.1 5.8 

5.63 5.71 6.03 5.38 5.67 5.78 -1.3 -.1 -.3 

1.26 1.52 2.06 1.33 1.59 1.86 -17.4 -5.6 -4.3 

-

10.09 10.26 16.04 7.45 -

-100.0 - -

5.30 4.78 4.58 3.84 3.70 2.94 10.9 9.4 6.8 

- - - - - 1.69 - - -

2.93 3.10 2.89 2.66 2.52 2.02 -5.5 3.9 4.2 

4.04 3.71 3.65 3.48 3.50 2.66 8.9 3.6 4.8 

.65 1.03 1.17 1.31 1.37 1.53 -36.9 -17.0 -9.1 

2.09 2.00 1.95 1.84 2.42 2.39 4.2 -3.6 -1.5 

2.94 2.90 2.73 2.57 2.52 2.03 1.5 3.9 4.2 

2.88 2.82 2.63 2.41 2.34 1.93 2.4 5.3 4.6 

3.16 3.17 3.05 3.14 3.29 2.36 -.2 -1.0 3.3 

11.02 11.27 11.40 11.94 13.64 --2.3 -5.2 -

3.10 2.64 2.82 2.66 2.72 2.12 17.2 3.3 4.3 

1.67 2.81 2.44 2.71 3.11 2.32 -40.6 -14.4 -3.6 

17.68 18.29 17.23 17.04 17.18 12.94 -3.3 .7 3.5 

6.06 6.06 5.67 6.93 7.19 5.37 -.1 -4.2 1.3 

16.02 16.43 16.00 14.62 14.23 9.16 -2.5 3.0 6.4 

3.14 2.76 2.43 2.54 2.11 1.82 14.0 10.4 6.2 

2.54 1.97 2.08 1.89 1.95 1.63 28.9 6.9 5.0 

2.54 2.43 2.21 2.03 2.07 1.51 4.7 5.2 5.9 

1.68 1.21 1.26 .93 1.02 .93 38.9 13.3 6.8 

2.64 2.55 2.29 2.15 2.17 1.56 3.5 5.0 6.0 

2.24 1.98 1.71 1.65 1.56 1.40 12.9 9.5 5.4 

7.63 6.66 6.50 6.78 6.63 5.31 14.6 3.6 4.1 

5.41 4.96 4.35 4.30 4.31 2.67 9.1 5.8 8.2 

2.18 2.15 2.02 2.03 2.00' 1.46 1.6 2.2 4.6 

3.62 4.09 3.60 3.09 3.03 2.83 -11.4 4.6 2.8 

2.97 2.97 2.82 2.69 2.52 1.70 -.1 4.2 6.4 

2.70 2.88 2.57 2.44 2.41 2.05 -6.1 2.9 3.1 

3.07 3.01 2.95 2.83 2.59 1.51 2.0 4.4 8.2 

22.19 19.50 19.84 19.42 18.39 12.49 13.8 4.8 6.6 

2.73 2.67 2.48 2.36 2.26 1.68 2.0 4.8 5.5 

4.01 3.79 3.61 3.52 3.48 2.54 5.9 3.6 5.2 

12.27 11.55 11.27 10.72 10.55 7.53 6.3 3.8 5.6 

2.82 2.78 2.60 2.48 2.39 1.80 1.3 4.3 5.1 

11.01 10.01 9.79 9.44 9.27 6.41 10.0 4.4 6.2 

4.26 3.96 3.71 3.47 3.36 2.39 7.7 6.1 6.6 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by ail mine employees. Excludes silt, culm, 

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 223 
Table B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Metric Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 5,883 

Connecticut 715 

Maine 407 

Massachusetts 3,457 

New Hampshire 1,295 

Rhode Island 3 

Vermont 5 

Middle Atlantic Total 63,856 

New Jersey 2,135 

New York 10,776 

Pennsylvania 50,945 

East North Central Total 191,082 

Illinois 34,595 

Indiana 54,751 

Michigan 29,226 

Ohio 53,552 

Wisconsin 18,957 

West North Central Total 109,715 

Iowa 17,407 

Kansas 15,772 

Minnesota 16,620 

Missouri 21,211 

Nebraska 8,769 

North Dakota 27,490 

South Dakota 2,445 

South Atlantic Total 136,604 

Delaware 2,219 

District of Columbia 46 

Florida 23,977 

Georgia 24,567 

Maryland 9,315 

North Carolina 23,369 

South Carolina 11,715 

Virginia 12,323 

West Virginia 29,072 

East South Central Total 94,371 

Alabama 29.980 

Kentucky 35,467 

Mississippi 3,656 

Tennessee 25,268 

West South Central Total 127,729 

Arkansas 10,384 

Louisiana 12,407 

Oklahoma 17,115 

Texas 87,823 

Mountain Total 100,401 

Arizona 17,228 

Colorado 15,485 

Idaho 479 

Montana 8,389 

Nevada 7,081 

New Mexico 13,619 

Utah 14,377 

Wyoming 23,742 

Pacific Total 10,362 

Alaska 783 

California 2,226 

Hawaii 66 

Oregon 1,904 

Washington 5,383 

U.S. Total 840,003 

6,620 6,361 6,143 6,369 5,433 -11.1 -2.0 0.9 

770 777 881 807 53 -7.1 -3.0 33.4 

777 339 240 246 181 -47.6 13.4 9.4 

3,862 4,038 3,934 4,210 3,994 -10.5 -4.8 -1.6 

1,189 1,193 1,076 1,073 1,146 8.9 4.8 1.4 

4 4 5 25 8 -33.1 -41.2 -10.1 

18 11 7 8 50 -70.9 -9.4 -22.2 

64,790 64,042 66,961 69,106 66,759 -1.4 -1.9 -.5 

2,130 2,110 2,747 3,216 2,899 .2 -9.7 -3.3 

11,790 12,100 12,215 12,796 10,791 -8.6 -4.2 * 

50,870 49,832 51,999 53,094 53,069 .1 -1.0 -.4 

182,035 189,223 190,163 186,505 179,876 5.0 .6 .7 

28,667 31,459 30,757 29,370 34,743 20.7 4.2 * 

53,310 55,148 55,974 52,062 48,599 2.7 1.3 1.3 

28,626 30,734 31,491 31,647 28,497 2.1 -2.0 .3 

53,225 53,141 53,710 55,353 51,754 .6 -.8 .4 

18,208 18,741 18,231 18,073 16,283 4.1 1.2 1.7 

104,785 105,875 105,477 103,641 90,146 4.7 1.4 2.2 

16,322 17,001 16,265 15,536 12,360 6.6 2.9 3.9 

12,906 13,500 13,766 13,574 14,120 22.2 3.8 1.2 

15.354 15,416 16,672 16,583 12,028 8.2 * 3.6 

22,843 23,381 23,438 23,902 25,045 -7.1 -2.9 -1.8 

7,450 8,037 7,499 6,883 6,295 17.7 6.2 3.8 

27,488 25,943 25,505 24,858 17,832 • 2.5 4.9 

2,422 2,598 2,332 2,305 2,466 1.0 1.5 -.1 

130,796 130,701 135,583 138,807 124,800 4.4 -.4 1.0 

1,605 1,983 2,080 2,138 2,552 38.2 .9 -1.5 

46 60 63 54 90 1.8 -3.9 -7.1 

23,921 23,590 22,891 23,085 14,041 .2 .9 6.1 

23,116 24,455 27,276 25,327 25,466 6.3 -.8 -.4 

8,811 9,715 10,154 10,470 9,612 5.7 -2.9 -.3 

21,840 18,940 19,187 20,175 20,336 7.0 3.7 1.5 

10,238 10,388 10,385 10,869 8,862 14.4 1.9 3.1 

12,173 12,682 11,888 12,954 11,039 1.2 -1.2 1.2 

29,047 28,887 31,658 33,735 32,802 .1 -3.6 -1.3 

85,097 82,359 82,668 79,520 72,877 10.9 4.4 2.9 

28.585 26,625 25,074 24,981 21,660 4.9 4.7 3.7 

31,483 31,313 31,251 29,748 26,184 12.6 4.5 3.4 

3,161 3,458 3,773 3,475 3,898 15.6 1.3 -.7 

21,868 20,962 22,569 21,315 21,135 15.5 4.3 2.0 

122,660 121,232 119,275 118,018 92,529 4.1 2.0 3.6 

11,374 11,123 10,970 10,476 8,560 -8.7 -.2 2.2 

12,405 11,762 11,383 11,314 6,219 * 2.3 8.0 

15,812 14,828 13,992 13,686 12,024 8.2 5.7 4.0 

83,069 83,519 82,931 82,543 65,728 5.7 1.6 3.3 

101,752 95,415 97,212 96,354 77,572 -1.3 1.0 2.9 

16,252 15,245 14,895 15,305 13,976 6.0 3.0 2.3 

15,146 14,713 15,159 14,872 13,372 2.2 1.0 1.6 

485 610 498 484 445 -1.1 -.2 .8 

10,015 9,570 8,778 9,487 4,793 -16.2 -3.0 6.4 

7,338 7,340 6,751 6,955 6,303 -3.5 .4 1.3 

13,455 11,664 13,709 13,875 12,682 1.2 -.5 .8 

14,260 13,457 14,277 13,648 7,172 .8 1.3 8.0 

24,801 22,815 23,145 21,729 18,829 -4.3 2.2 2.6 

11,055 10,029 8,884 8,274 7,378 -6.3 5.8 3.8 

718 728 711 271 739 9.0 30.4 .6 

2,559 2,554 2,630 2,314 1,514 -13.0 -1.0 4.4 

42 33 25 29 35 55.8 22.6 7.4 

1,927 1,760 848 359 622 -1.2 51.7 13.2 

5,808 4,954 4,669 5,300 4,469 -7.3 .4 2.1 

809,591 805,236 812,366 807,121 717,852 3.8 1.0 1.8 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form ElA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 

224 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 

1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Metric Tons) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 897 

Connecticut w 

Maine w 

Massachusetts w 

New Hampshire w 

Rhode Island 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 12,755 

New Jersey w 

New York w 

Pennsylvania 11,127 

East North Central Total 27,363 

Illinois w 

Indiana 7,074 

Michigan w 

Ohio 6,922 

Wisconsin 2,896 

West North Central Total 13,515 

Iowa 3,465 

Kansas 1,836 

Minnesota 1,134 

Missouri 3,360 

Nebraska w 

North Dakota w 

South Dakota w 

South Atlantic Total 17,320 

Delaware w 

Florida 3,212 

Georgia 2,655 

Maryland w 

North Carolina 2,776 

South Carolina 1,717 

Virginia w 

West Virginia w 

East South Central Total 8,416 

Alabama 2,538 

Kentucky w 

Mississippi w 

Tennessee 1,703 

West South Central Total 13,703 

Arkansas 1,706 

Louisiana 1,814 

Oklahoma 1,862 

Texas 8,320 

Mountain Total w 

Arizona 3,372 

Colorado 3,133 

Idaho 78 

Montana w 

Nevada w 

New Mexico w 

Utah w 

Wyoming 1,670 

Pacific Total 833 

Alaska 4 

California 84 

Hawaii w 

Oregon w 

Washington 416 

U.S. Total 109,278 

1,137 1,029 1,039 987 886 -21.1 -2.4 0.1 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

- - w w w w w w 

- - - w w w w w 

17,678 16,553 17,033 12,933 20,165 -27.8 -.3 -5.0 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

14,493 14,104 13,994 10,768 16,876 -23.2 .8 -4.5 

39,609 39,172 41,196 35,310 49,055 -30.9 -6.2 -6.3 

w W w w 7,751 w w w 

11,347 10,330 11,091 8,526 13,627 -37.6 -4.5 -7.0 

w w w w w w w w 

9,801 9,632 9,499 6,400 10,958 -29.4 2.0 -5.0 

3,660 w w w w -20.9 w w 

18,808 w w w w -28.1 w w 

4,406 4,657 4,463 4,151 4,830 -21.4 -4.4 -3.6 

2,503 3,012 3,395 2,980 3,333 -26.6 -11.4 -6.4 

2,043 2,443 2,119 1,944 3,639 -44.5 -12.6 -12.1 

5,841 w w w w -42.5 w w 

w W w w 2,020 w w w 

w W w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

26,565 27,172 26,691 19,941 28,802 -34.8 -3.5 -5.5 

w w w w w w w w 

3,739 4,427 4,511 4,074 2,817 -14.1 -5.8 1.5 

4,387 4,916 5,175 4,700 6,443 -39.5 -13.3 -9.4 

w w w w w w w w 

4,277 4,415 4,227 2,718 4,390 -35.1 .5 -5.0 

2,223 2,033 2,101 1,963 1,516 -22.7 -3.3 1.4 

w W w W w w w w 

w w w W w w w w 

13,063 13,631 15,283 11,390 22,846 -35.6 -7.3 -10.5 

4,109 4,237 3,966 3,800 5,894 -38.2 -9.6 -8.9 

w W w W w w w w 

w W w W w w w w 

2,981 W w W w -42.9 w w 

15,330 16,617 15,040 w 15,864 -10.6 w -1.6 

1,444 1,964 1,574 1,952 2,727 18.2 -3.3 -5.1 

1,592 2,087 2,271 2,496 w 14.0 -7.7 w 

2,867 2,648 2,469 2,635 3,931 -35.1 -8.3 -8.0 

9,427 9,917 8,726 W w -11.7 w w 

W W w w w w w w 

3,263 3,837 2,839 3,095 w 3.3 2.2 w 

3,120 3,163 3,025 3,602 w .4 -3.4 w 

92 71 127 112 69 -14.9 -8.5 1.4 

w W w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

2,034 2,571 2,987 3,094 w -17.9 -14.3 w 

1,387 1,846 2,024 1,569 w -39.9 -14.6 w 

5 7 2 w w -11.7 w w 

99 126 110 145 w -15.1 -12.8 w 

w w w w 37 w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

667 1,083 1,250 956 960 -37.6 -18.8 -8.9 

148,499 152,145 152,598 132,528 178,906 -26.4 -4.7 -5.3 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included. 

Sources; Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" and Form 

EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 225 
Table B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Thousand Metric Tons) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 8,363 

Canada1 8,064 

Dominican Republic 45 

Mexico 226 

Other2 28 

South America Total 5,216 

Argentina 476 

Brazil 4,715 

Other2 26 

Europe Total 34,088 

Belgium & Luxembourg 4,744 

Bulgaria 822 

Denmark 305 

Finland 229 

France 3,603 

Germany 461 

Ireland 894 

Italy 6,276 

Netherlands 5,046 

Norway 92 

Portugal 1,353 

Romania 653 

Spain 3,687 

Sweden 668 

Turkey 1,456 

United Kingdom 3,730 

Yugoslavia 71 

Other2 

Asia Total 17,690 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 3,117 

Hong Kong 17 

Israel 770 

Japan 10,776 

Korea, Republic of 3,008 

Other2 2 

Oceania & Australia Total 1 

Africa Total 2,245 

Algeria 371 

Egypt 788 

Morocco 533 

South Africa, Rep of 515 

Other2 38 

Total 67,603 

13,908 10,391 14,387 15,370 18,726 -39.9 

13,734 10,140 14,071 15,220 18,547 -41.3 

77 118 74 35 • -41.0 

70 84 191 57 142 225.3 

27 49 50 58 37 1.5 

6,141 6,950 6,262 6,699 4,905 -15.0 

304 390 581 673 351 56.5 

5,778 6,397 5,304 5,153 4,269 -18.4 

58 163 377 873 284 -56.2 

51,941 59,439 52,964 46,815 29,765 -34.4 

6,528 6,771 7,711 6,436 3,540 -27.3 

546 858 80 87 - 50.5 

3,477 4,225 2,892 2,883 557 -91.2 

186 481 86 94 * 23.1 

7,312 8,626 6,241 5,912 3,439 -50.7 

910 1,581 959 675 829 -49.4 

1,314 1,191 1,322 1,132 221 -32.0 

8,476 10,227 10,838 10,196 6,917 -25.9 

8,299 8,732 7,592 5,512 4,974 -39.2 

107 181 161 128 116 -14.8 

1,342 1,478 1,620 1,292 224 .8 

683 1,040 1,559 1,417 604 -4.3 

4,114 4,258 3,439 3,030 2,092 -10.4 

1,057 1,124 785 666 1,299 -36.8 

1,805 1,983 1,921 1,530 1,335 -19.3 

5,076 5,598 4,697 4,094 2,589 -26.5 

659 888 846 1,370 535 -89.2 

49 194 214 361 494 -99.8 

18,633 19,766 20,616 20,624 19,595 -5.1 

124 - - - - -100.0 

3,230 4,125 4,177 4,080 2,287 -3.5 

323 545 108 - - -94.7 

748 591 580 442 268 3.1 

11,162 11,130 12,100 12,561 14,810 -3.4 

3,041 3,366 3,628 3,480 2,152 -1.1 

6 10 23 62 78 -62.7 

* * 2 * 1 239.1 

2,378 2,309 1,753 1,949 928 -5.6 

555 474 435 671 606 -33.1 

770 698 586 531 322 2.3 

668 919 682 747 - -20.3 

385 217 50 - * 33.6 

- 2 - * * -

93,001 98,855 95,984 91,458 73,920 -27.3 

-14.1 

-14.7 

6.5 

40.9 

-16.6 

-6.1 

-8.3 

-2.2 

-58.6 

-7.6 

-7.3 

75.0 

-43.0 

24.9 

-11.6 

-9.1 

-5.7 

-11.4 

-2.2 

-8.1 

1.1 

-17.6 

5.0 

.1 

-1.2 

-2.3 

-52.3 

-86.6 

-3.8 

-6.5 

14.9 

-3.8 

-3.6 

-55.5 

20.9 

3.6 

-13.8 

10.4 

-8.1 

315.6 

-7.3 

-8.6 

-8.8 

154.8 

5.3 

-3.0 

.7 

3.4 

1.1 

-23.5 

1.5 

3.3 

-6.5 

264.8 

.5 

-6.3 

16.8 

-1.1 

.1 

-2.6 

22.1 

.9 

6.5 

-7.1 

1.0 

4.1 

-20.1 

-60.5 

-1.1 

3.5 

12.4 

-3.5 

3.8 

-32.0 

1.3 

10.3 

-5.3 

10.5 

227.1 

170.3 

-1.0 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons (45,359 metric tons) in 1992. 

* Data round to zero. 

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

226 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B10. Average Mine Price by State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 

1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky Total 

Eastern 

Western 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Montana 

New Mexico 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania Total .... 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia Total.... 

Northern 

Southern 

Wyoming 

Appalachian Total 1.. 

Interior Total 1 

Western Total 1 

East of Miss. River.. 

West of Miss. River. 

U.S. Total 

$46.67 S45.00 $45.34 S47.44 $45.40 $47.29 3.7 0.7 -0.1 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w w 

-

w w w w -w w w 

22.44 23.51 24.45 23.98 26.06 $25.43 -4.6 -3.7 -1.4 

- - - - - w - - w 

27.86 30.49 31.25 30.56 31.05 $32.95 -8.6 -2.7 -1.8 

25.23 25.81 26.00 26.36 25.96 27.53 -2.2 -.7 -1.0 

w w w w w 27.91 w w w 

w w w w 29.76 29.66 w w w 

27.31 27.01 28.05 27.77 27.52 31.00 1.1 -.2 -1.4 

28.11 27.55 29.07 28.49 28.44 31.54 2.0 -.3 -1.3 

24.64 25.46 25.22 25.71 24.78 29.55 -3.2 -.1 -2.0 

w w w w w -w w w 

27.79 27.99 28.36 28.63 27.26 30.90 -.7 .5 -1.2 

w w w w w 27.07 w w w 

12.18 11.24 11.86 10.38 11.33 14.96 8.3 1.8 -2.3 

25.31 25.51 25.63 24.72 25.81 21.38 -.8 -.5 1.9 

8.41 8.25 8.64 8.46 8.11 10.45 2.0 .9 -2.4 

30.91 29.69 30.59 31.58 33.61 36.56 4.1 -2.1 -1.8 

27.46 28.40 31.44 33.50 31.37 35.42 -3.3 -3.3 -2.8 

29.21 31.53 32.40 33.24 32.33 36.90 -7.4 -2.5 -2.6 

36.31 37.74 40.05 43.43 47.32 53.16 -3.8 -6.4 -4.1 

28.70 31.24 32.03 32.76 31.68 36.04 -8.1 -2.4 -2.5 

30.01 29.88 29.48 30.82 29.74 31.96 .4 .2 -.7 

14.19 13.69 13.46 12.34 12.02 12.28 3.6 4.2 1.6 

22.94 23.27 24.91 20.43 23.66 32.18 -1.4 -.8 -3.7 

29.55 30.37 30.26 30.92 30.46 34.36 -2.7 -.8 -1.7 

w w w w w w w w w 

30.40 31.03 31.55 31.54 31.62 $37.68 -2.0 -1.0 -2.3 

30.96 32.00 33.24 32.03 30.97 35.31 -3.3 * -1.4 

30.20 30.60 30.78 31.30 32.00 39.45 -1.3 -1.4 -2.9 

8.06 8.97 8.92 9.29 9.51 13.11 -10.1 -4.0 -5.3 

30.47 30.81 31.63 31.84 31.68 w -1.1 -1.0 w 

22.08 23.82 24.10 23.64 23.49 w -7.3 -1.5 w 

12.28 12.78 12.91 12.79 13.36 $16.02 -3.9 -2.1 -2.9 

29.56 30.13 30.84 30.97 30.81 34.63 -1.9 -1.0 -1.7 

12.68 13.21 13.29 13.01 13.51 16.13 -4.0 -1.6 -2.6 

21.88 23.18 23.69 23.99 24.06 28.23 -5.6 -2.3 -2.8 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

* Data round to zero. 

" Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix 0, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide 

these data. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 227 
Table B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

California 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

47.78 S49.76 S51.95 $52.23 $49.10 $61.79 -4.0 

49.38 56.55 63.21 62.11 62.70 65.33 -12.7 

47.83 48.62 49.97 49.93 45.95 62.31 -1.6 

46.73 49.26 50.93 52.24 50.91 59.75 -5.1 

40.41 41.41 42.97 42.50 40.82 44.82 -2.4 

52.36 51.39 52.64 53.32 51.63 57.34 1.9 

42.58 42.57 45.41 45.69 44.45 49.83 * 

39.39 40.58 41.94 41.06 39.14 43.04 -2.9 

34.15 35.33 35.97 36.56 37.59 43.37 -3.3 

38.92 40.85 40.52 41.66 42.74 46.42 -4.7 

29.47 30.75 31.31 31.72 32.05 38.29 -4.1 

36.57 37.73 38.80 39.24 42.80 49.23 -3.1 

37.54 37.92 38.95 39.70 38.81 44.47 -1.0 

25.31 28.57 28.87 28.86 30.98 37.67 -11.4 

18.60 20.86 21.43 21.68 21.88 27.22 -10.8 

19.32 21.58 21.63 21.92 24.00 30.20 -10.5 

19.49 23.14 24.31 24.51 24.25 29.15 -15.7 

22.12 23.10 24.45 24.26 23.15 26.17 -4.2 

26.90 30.39 30.48 30.90 30.87 35.30 -11.5 

14.24 14.07 14.03 14.20 15.79 25.15 1.2 

10.34 10.42 10.32 10.03 10.06 12.53 -.8 

14.66 15.07 15.04 15.40 16.79 16.13 -2.8 

44.98 45.50 46.49 46.15 45.41 50.88 -1.1 

48.53 49.95 51.27 52.15 51.16 56.47 -2.8 

48.04 49.63 50.56 50.39 48.79 58.41 -3.2 

47.72 47.80 47.35 46.83 47.35 51.51 -.2 

44.95 44.84 46.11 46.25 45.11 49.91 .2 

46.69 47.40 49.04 49.21 48.89 53.60 -1.5 

44.28 43.14 45.60 48.00 47.49 54.31 2.6 

41.41 41.67 42.85 43.31 43.31 50.88 -.6 

39.05 40.65 41.81 40.41 38.95 44.25 -3.9 

36.71 36.43 37.40 37.46 37.18 44.51 .8 

46.91 45.93 48.31 49.14 49.42 54.05 2.1 

30.08 29.77 29.98 30.41 28.81 37.02 1.0 

44.66 44.02 46.21 45.74 46.62 64.91 1.4 

34.11 34.18 33.59 35.41 35.21 42.22 -.2 

24.40 24.86 25.33 25.26 25.01 29.84 -1.8 

32.52 31.79 30.75 31.05 31.36 34.29 2.3 

28.27 27.48 29.86 30.62 29.37 42.42 2.9 

23.50 23.66 25.55 27.53 26.48 32.85 -.7 

23.05 23.79 23.88 23.36 23.28 27.07 -3.1 

24.37 23.85 24.49 24.46 24.04 23.19 2.2 

30.63 31.20 32.14 33.04 31.76 28.28 -1.8 

23.80 23.88 23.69 22.94 23.10 24.14 -.3 

12.98 13.38 12.61 12.64 10.81 13.81 -3.0 

35.64 35.63 34.48 36.55 37.26 32.84 * 

27.12 26.27 27.58 26.49 24.92 18.61 3.3 

30.13 30.35 30.20 29.54 30.92 33.77 -.7 

15.47 14.79 16.03 16.24 16.38 18.36 4.6 

23.75 24.44 25.53 26.91 28.00 32.11 -2.8 

- - - - - 57.60 -

21.77 23.40 20.15 19.86 -36.64 -7.0 

24.35 24.78 27.41 28.27 28.00 30.81 -1.7 

31.51 32.36 33.10 33.57 33.23 38.72 -2.6 

-0.7 

-5.8 

1.0 

-2.1 

-.2 

.3 

-1.1 

.1 

-2.4 

-2.3 

-2.1 

-3.9 

-.8 

-4.9 

-4.0 

-5.3 

-5.3 

-1.1 

-3.4 

-2.5 

.7 

-3.3 

-.2 

-1.3 

-.4 

.2 

-.1 

-1.1 

-1.7 

-1.1 

.1 

-.3 

-1.3 

1.1 

-1.1 

-.8 

-.6 

.9 

-.9 

-2.9 

-.3 

.3 

-.9 

.8 

4.7 

-1.1 

2.1 

-.6 

-1.4 

-4.0 

-3.4 

-1.3 

-2.8 

-3.1 

-2.9 

-2.7 

-1.1 

-1.0 

-1.7 

-1.0 

-2.6 

-1.9 

-2.9 

-3.3 

-1.9 

-4.3 

-4.1 

-4.8 

-4.4 

-1.8 

-3.0 

-6.1 

-2.1 

-1.0 

-1.4 

-1.7 

-2.1 

-.8 

-1.1 

-1.5 

-2.2 

-2.3 

-1.4 

-2.1 

-1.6 

-2.3 

-4.1 

-2.3 

-2.2 

-.6 

-4.4 

-3.6 

-1.8 

.5 

.9 

-.2 

-.7 

.9 

4.3 

-1.3 

-1.9 

-3.3 

-100.0 

-5.6 

-2.6 

-2.3 

Data round to zero. 

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight. 

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants." 

228 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census 

Division and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

New England Total 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Middle Atlantic Total 

New Jersey 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

East North Central Total... 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

West North Central Total . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

South Atlantic Total 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Maryland 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

East South Central Total .. 

Alabama 

Kentucky 

Mississippi 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total. 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain Total 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Montana 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Wyoming 

Pacific Total 

California 

Hawaii 

Oregon 

Washington 

U.S. Total 

S63.75 S72.43 S73.57 S71.77 S71.41 $65.23 -12.0 

- - - - - w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

- - - w w w w 

- - - - w -

w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

46.47 48.44 48.27 48.57 48.30 53.04 -4.1 

37.53 39.35 39.57 40.36 39.61 44.81 -4.6 

38.07 38.64 39.66 39.86 38.95 44.29 -1.5 

32.43 32.23 33.96 34.48 34.36 43.94 .6 

34.07 34.81 36.38 36.19 36.24 37.51 -2.1 

45.70 46.49 48.16 47.83 45.70 54.55 -1.7 

38.38 38.84 38.41 38.62 37.24 39.75 -1.2 

45.02 46.60 47.74 47.85 46.49 54.66 -3.4 

19.84 19.57 20.21 20.29 19.87 32.23 1.4 

30.87 29.94 32.13 33.36 34.02 42.00 3.1 

36.44 35.23 33.96 31.63 31.32 41.70 3.4 

39.47 39.27 39.97 40.38 40.25 44.18 .5 

35.40 34.70 34.48 33.27 32.59 39.29 2.0 

w w w w w 36.38 w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

53.22 53.20 52.27 52.06 50.76 55.00 * 

49.82 49.80 49.55 49.49 47.37 49.44 • 

35.47 36.18 37.16 31.64 34.85 35.37 -2.0 

47.89 47.91 47.45 49.45 46.99 52.91 * 

47.78 47.74 47.61 48.27 46.49 51.94 .1 

45.49 45.16 44.67 45.25 42.90 47.54 .7 

36.28 35.20 35.37 35.14 34.00 40.66 3.1 

w w w w w w w 

43.00 43.83 44.57 44.73 44.49 49.07 -1.9 

46.63 48.26 51.30 50.50 49.90 50.36 -3.4 

w w w w w w w 

39.04 39.16 39.31 38.76 38.11 43.23 -.3 

23.57 25.13 25.70 23.46 25.40 w -6.2 

48.57 49.18 49.71 50.03 48.85 49.29 -1.2 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w 41.18 w 

19.38 19.99 20.51 18.51 20.34 30.69 -3.1 

31.43 31.59 32.63 31.69 31.67 36.57 -.5 

44.65 45.14 44.20 43.59 43.85 w -1.1 

31.56 33.44 32.27 29.68 30.65 31.22 -5.6 

36.13 36.70 37.38 35.03 35.84 42.16 -1.5 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w 

29.23 27.94 29.13 31.40 29.53 36.06 4.6 

25.83 26.09 27.76 27.46 26.61 w -1.0 

48.31 47.80 50.43 50.66 48.63 57.39 1.1 

47.25 46.35 49.37 49.73 48.22 58.71 1.9 

w w w w -

50.97 w 

w w w w w w w 

58.54 62.00 65.22 61.32 54.57 55.85 -5.6 

35.53 36.14 36.97 37.03 36.41 43.32 -1.7 

-2.8 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.0 

-1.3 

-.6 

-1.4 

-1.5 

.8 

-.8 

# 

-2.4 

3.8 

-.5 

2.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

1.2 

1.3 

.4 

.5 

.7 

1.5 

1.6 

w 

-.8 

-1.7 

w 

.6 

-1.8 

-.1 

w 

w 

-1.2 

-.2 

.4 

.7 

.2 

w 

w 

w 

-.3 

-.7 

-.2 

-.5 

w 

w 

1.8 

-0.3 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-1.4 

-1.9 

-1.7 

-3.3 

-1.1 

-1.9 

-.4 

-2.1 

-5.2 

-3.4 

-1.5 

-1.2 

-1.1 

w 

w 

w 

w 

w 

-.4 

.1 

-1.1 

-.9 

-.5 

-1.3 

w 

-1.4 

-.8 

w 

-1.1 

w 

-.2 

w 

w 

-5.0 

-1.7 

w 

.1 

-1.7 

w 

w 

w 

-2.3 

w 

-1.9 

-2.4 

w 

w 

.5 

-2.2 

Data round to zero. 

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 229 
Table B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division 

and State, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton) 

Census Division and State 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

Middle Atlantic Total w 

New York w 

Pennsylvania S51.16 

East North Central Total 54.58 

Illinois w 

Indiana 57.64 

Michigan 

Ohio 49.68 

West North Central Total 

Missouri 

South Atlantic Total w 

Maryland 

Virginia w 

West Virginia w 

East South Central Total w 

Alabama 52.36 

Kentucky w 

Tennessee 

West South Central Total 

Texas 

Mountain Total w 

Utah w 

U.S. Total 52.30 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

$51.25 S51.65 $50.46 $49.35 $59.66 -0.2 0.9 -1.7 

55.53 55.89 53.81 54.63 65.14 -1.7 * -1.9 

w w w w 61.86 w w w 

59.21 58.77 54.45 56.73 67.90 -2.6 .4 -1.8 

-

w w w w w w w 

51.45 50.87 53.24 51.83 62.04 -3.4 -1.0 -2.4 

- - - - w -

w w 

- - - - w -

w w 

w w w w w w w w 

-

w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

52.70 53.29 53.94 51.45 59.92 -.6 .4 -1.5 

w w w w w w w w 

-

w w w w -w w 

- - - - w -

w w 

- - - - w -

w w 

w w w w w w w w 

w w w w w w w w 

52.82 53.88 52.61 52.35 62.36 -1.0 -1.9 

Data round to zero. 

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.' 

230 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of 

Origin, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Origin 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total $31.97 

Canada 31.98 

Mexico 23.35 

South America Total 30.46 

Colombia 30.04 

Venezuela 31.82 

Europe Total 35.65 

Denmark 35.65 

Netherlands 

Poland 

United Kingdom 

Asia Total 47.07 

India 

Indonesia 47.07 

Malaysia 

Oceania & Australia Total 34.79 

Australia 34.79 

Africa Total 30.66 

South Africa, Rep of 

Swaziland 30.66 

Total 1 32.37 

U.S. Total 2 32.94 

$30.73 

30.73 

$27.67 

27.67 

$27.07 

26.95 

42.29 

$28.74 

28.36 

34.46 

$34.38 

34.38 

4.0 

4.1 

2.7 

3.0 

-9.3 

-0.8 

-.8 

36.42 

35.55 

39.25 

38.19 

36.24 

45.06 

41.43 

40.64 

45.75 

38.65 

39.12 

36.90 

42.89 

42.89 

-16.3 

-15.5 

-18.9 

-5.8 

-6.4 

-3.6 

-3.7 

-3.9 

37.49 

37.49 

-

40.98 

40.05 

41.00 

48.88 

48.88 

37.63 

56.67 

37.63 

32.14 

-4.9 

-100.0 

-7.6 

-100.0 

-.6 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

42.71 

26.07 

45.13 

51.87 

- - - -

10.2 

-100.0 

4.3 

-100.0 

- -

39.76 

39.76 

41.86 

41.86 

46.00 

46.00 

37.96 

37.96 

33.51 

33.51 

-12.5 

-12.5 

-2.2 

-2.2 

.4 

.4 

54.33 

54.33 

- - - 35.36 

35.36 

-43.6 

-100.0 

- -1.6 

-100.0 

35.80 35.65 36.85 35.24 37.19 -9.6 -2.1 -1.5 

36.88 36.51 37.98 37.63 38.98 -10.7 -3.3 -1.8 

1

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within 

the range of $20 to $50 per short ton ($18.14 to $45.36 per metric ton), inclusively. 

2

 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports. 

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 231 
Table B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1984, 1989-1993 

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton) 

Continent and Country 

of Destination 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1984 

Percent 

Change 

1992-1993 

Average Annual Percent Change 

1989-1993 1984-1993 

North America Total 

Canada1 

Dominican Republic 

Mexico 

Other2 

South America Total 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Other2 

Europe Total 

Belgium & Luxembourg 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Ireland 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Romania 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 

United Kingdom 

Yugoslavia 

Other2 

Asia Total 

China (Mainland) 

China (Taiwan) 

Hong Kong 

Israel 

Japan 

Korea, Republic of 

Other2 

Oceania & Australia Total 

Africa Total 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Morocco 

South Africa, Rep of 

Other2 

Total 3 

U.S. Total4 

S37.65 S36.44 S37.05 S36.06 $46.56 $54.29 3.3 

37.33 36.37 36.91 35.97 46.63 54.37 2.6 

40.39 40.00 40.57 40.13 40.10 -1.0 

48.54 47.93 48.11 41.39 46.06 50.49 1.3 

33.92 43.26 36.88 33.95 34.33 32.13 -21.6 

48.25 50.20 50.97 50.99 48.35 52.28 -3.9 

47.63 50.09 50.26 50.49 49.09 53.67 -4.9 

48.32 50.23 51.20 51.68 50.32 53.91 -3.8 

43.51 47.36 42.77 40.55 34.08 48.28 -8.1 

47.82 47.03 47.49 48.41 46.82 49.35 1.7 

47.55 48.51 49.40 49.63 48.02 48.26 -2.0 

46.25 47.72 46.92 54.28 54.50 -

-3.1 

38.53 36.03 36.32 37.89 36.68 45.06 6.9 

43.66 44.99 49.35 49.30 46.79 --2.9 

46.56 43.40 44.29 47.40 45.44 51.88 7.3 

42.97 42.19 43.36 45.87 46.86 53.86 1.8 

39.51 40.57 43.57 42.49 41.24 49.27 -2.6 

48.86 49.97 50.02 49.30 48.06 45.25 -2.2 

48.75 47.78 47.60 47.32 44.99 49.46 2.0 

-

52.86 35.40 -43.96 --100.0 

41.56 44.91 45.05 44.97 44.35 54.80 -7.4 

39.99 45.88 50.58 52.40 50.04 52.01 -12.8 

51.84 51.61 49.85 51.52 50.79 46.84 .4 

50.66 51.44 52.60 53.14 49.43 53.34 -1.5 

46.94 50.20 51.63 50.85 47.78 52.47 -6.5 

50.60 50.20 51.09 52.14 50.28 54.06 .8 

43.65 49.65 51.38 50.83 48.80 54.11 -12.1 

44.91 40.84 48.81 51.02 43.36 41.47 10.0 

44.74 47.02 47.67 47.75 46.48 49.36 -4.8 

-

39.35 - - - - -100.0 

43.53 45.45 46.00 42.59 41.66 46.40 -4.2 

49.75 41.40 42.53 42.91 - - 20.2 

38.35 43.11 43.95 43.45 43.18 47.50 -11.0 

45.06 47.30 47.83 48.78 47.37 51.91 -4.7 

46.43 49.53 50.65 51.13 49.36 50.32 -6.3 

41.12 42.67 44.58 41.94 41.08 48.79 -3.6 

37.99 38.08 - 40.34 38.57 44.09 -.2 

46.90 47.37 45.49 43.84 44.24 48.52 -1.0 

48.85 51.10 51.26 52.55 50.73 54.67 -4.4 

49.45 50.80 50.36 50.67 50.25 47.56 -2.6 

37.32 37.26 37.18 34.54 34.14 -

.2 

51.67 52.68 53.92 - - - -1.9 

44.68 -

44.99 -

43.96 - -

45.77 45.68 46.69 46.57 46.76 51.17 .2 

45.65 45.57 46.73 46.99 46.87 55.90 .2 

-5.2 

-5.4 

.2 

1.3 

-.3 

-.8 

-1.0 

6.3 

.5 

-.2 

-4.0 

1.2 

-1.7 

.6 

-2.1 

-1.1 

.4 

2.0 

-100.0 

-1.6 

-5.4 

.5 

.6 

-.4 

.1 

-2.7 

.9 

-.9 

1.1 

-2.9 

-1.2 

-1.5 

1.5 

-.9 

-.4 

2.3 

-.5 

-.6 

-4.0 

-4.1 

-.4 

.6 

-.9 

-1.3 

-1.2 

-1.1 

-.3 

-.2 

-1.7 

-1.2 

-2.5 

-2.4 

.8 

-.2 

-3.0 

-2.9 

1.1 

-.6 

-1.2 

-.7 

-2.3 

.9 

-1.1 

-.7 

-2.3 

-1.5 

-.9 

-1.9 

-1.6 

-.4 

-1.2 

.4 

-1.2 

-2.2 

1

 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports 

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government. 

2

 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1992. 

3

 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within 

the range of $28 to S50 per short ton ($25.40 to $45.36 per metric ton), inclusively. 

4

 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports. 

" Data round to zero. 

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." 

232 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Appendix C 

Reference Tables 

and Maps 

Testing for methane gas at an underground mine. This is done routinely 

as part of required safety procedures. 

Appendix C 

Reference Tables and Maps 

Figure C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States 

SCALE IN MILES 

SCALE OF ALASKA ONE HALF THAT OF 

CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES 

Sources: 

U.S.G.S.. Coalfields ol the 

United Stales. 1960-61; 

Texas Bureau ol Economic 

Geology, UgnHe Resources In Texas. 1980; 

Louisiana Geological Survey, Near Surface Lignite 

In Louisiana. 1931; 

Colorado Geological Survey, Coal Resources and 

Development Map, 1981; 

Mississippi Bureau ot 

Geology. Report ol Investigations 1. 

1 Symbolic representation; these small areas or data points cannot be shown to scale. 

2 Principal anthracite deposits are in Pennsylvania. Small deposits occur in Alaska, Arkansas, 

Colorado, Massachusetts-Rhode Island, New Mexico, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia. 

RANK FIELD 

SMALL FIELD 

OR ISOLATED 

OCCURRENCE1 

Anthracite2 ^ " A 

Bituminous Coal o B 

Subbituminous Coal g& S 

Lignite <m L 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 235 
Coal-Producing Regions Interior 

Appalachian 

Alabama, Georgia, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. 

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Western 

Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas. 

Western 

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New 

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. 

Table C1. Classification of Coals by Rank 

Principles 

The lower rank coals can be classified based on heat content. The heat content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14,000 Btu per 

pound for each coal rank group (except for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively 

narrow range. Since heat content is not a dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their rank categories are instead described by 

degree of metamorphism, or "coalification," a property that is measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the agglomerating character of 

bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions 

between certain adjacent coal groups. Some high-volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals can be distinguished only on the basis 

of agglomerating character. 

Coal Rank Coal Group Basis of Classification 

Fixed Carbon Percentage 1 

Coals Classified by Fixed Carbon Equal to or 

Greater than Less than 

Agglomerating 

Character 

I. Anthracitic 

II. Bituminous 

1. Meta-anthracite 

2. Anthracite 

3. Semianthracite 2 

1. Low-volatile bituminous 

2. Medium-volatile bituminous 

3. High-volatile A bituminous 

Coals Classified by Heat Content 

98 ~ 

92 98 

86 92 

78 86 

69 4 78 

„ 69 4 

Heat Content in Btu per Pound 5 

Equal to or 

Greater than Less than 

II. Bituminous 

III. Subbituminous 

IV. Lignitic 

4. High-volatile B bituminous 13,000 14,000 

5. High-volatile C bituminous 11,500 13,000 

6. High-volatile C bituminous 10,500 11,500 

1. Subbituminous A 10,500 11,500 

2. Subbituminous B 9,500 10,500 

3. Subbituminous C 8,300 9,500 

1. Lignite A 6,300 8,300 

2. Lignite B - 6,300 

Non-agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

Commonly agglomerating 3 

Commonly agglomerating 3 

Commonly agglomerating 3 

Commonly agglomerating 3 

Commonly agglomerating 3 

Agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

Non-agglomerating 

1

 Percentages are based on dry mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown) is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the 

percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to 100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases, therefore, volatile matter 

percentage increases by the same amount. 

2 If agglomerating, classify in low-volatile group of the bituminous class. 

3 There may be nonagglomerating varieties in the bituminous class, most notably in the high-volatile C bituminous group. 

4 Coals having 69 percent or more fixed carbon are classified according to fixed carbon, regardless of Btu value. Coals with less than 

69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A bituminous. 

5 Calorific values in Btu per pound, on a moist mineral-matter-free basis. 

Note: Terms in this table are defined in the Glossary. 

Source: Adapted from American Society for Testing and Materials 1988, Standard Classification of Coal by Rank, ASTM Designation 

D 388-9 la. 

236 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal 

(Million Btu per Short Ton) 

Coal Rank 

Sector 

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 

Anthracite 

Production 

Consumption 

Non-electric utility users. 

Electric utilities 

Imports and exports 

22.869 23.291 23.289 22.734 23.107 22.428 23.084 

21.405 22.080 22.518 21.583 22.322 20.817 21.512 

22.719 23.749 24.578 24.536 25.128 23.031 24.399 

17.652 18.168 18.160 16.516 17.018 16.784 15.578 

25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 

Bituminous Coal and Lignite 

Production 

Consumption 

Residential and commercial 

Coke plants 

Other industrial and 

transportation 

Electric utilities 

Imports 

Exports 

Coal Coke 

22.411 22.301 22.233 22.048 22.005 21.867 21.908 

21.950 21.710 21.670 21.576 21.570 21.368 21.462 

22.488 22.010 22.226 22.438 22.406 22.568 22.669 

26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 

22.690 22.572 22.695 22.680 22.525 22.013 22.185 

21.301 21.091 21.200 21.141 21.108 20.965 21.091 

25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 

26.404 26.176 26.231 26.300 26.410 26.320 26.308 

24.800 

1987 

24.800 

1988 

24.800 24.800 24.800 

1989 1990 1991 

24.800 

1992 

24.800 

1993 

Anthracite 

Production 

Consumption 

Non-electric utility users. 

Electric utilities 

Imports and exports 

23.108 23.266 23.385 22.574 22.573 22.572 22.573 

22.435 22.423 22.623 21.668 21.410 21.423 21.492 

26.293 26.021 27.196 25.199 25.268 24.617 24.566 

15.962 17.312 16.310 16.140 15.858 16.944 16.534 

25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 

Bituminous Coal and Lignite 

Production 

Consumption 

Residential and commercial 

Coke plants 

Other industrial and 

transportation 

Electric utilities 

Imports 

Exports 

Coal Coke 

21.918 21.817 21.759 21.819 21.678 21.643 21.393 

21.514 21.324 21.268 21.330 21.146 21.142 20.992 

22.800 23.135 22.917 22.678 22.635 22.768 22.803 

26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 

22.360 22.341 22.324 22.444 22.448 22.242 22.183 

21.143 20.905 20.854 20.935 20.761 20.792 20.644 

25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 

26.304 26.308 26.166 26.207 26.192 26.165 26.341 

24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 

Note: Values for 1993 are preliminary. 

Source: Calculated by Energy Information Administration. See Monthly Energy Review DOE/EIA-0035 Appendix A for detailed description. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 237 

Appendix D 

Explanatory Notes 

A miner installs roof bolts, which help ensure support of the roof strata at underground mines. 

Appendix D 

Explanatory Notes 

Data Sources 

All data in this report were collected by the Energy 

Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department 

of Energy (DOE), except: import and export data, 

which were collected by the Bureau of the Census 

(Census Bureau), U.S. Department of Commerce; supplemental export data which were collected by King's 

Publishing Company, Knoxville, Tennessee; Federal 

and Indian land leasing data which were collected by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau of Land 

Management and Minerals Management Service); 

miner profile data were collected by the Bituminous 

Coal Operators Association, Washington, D.C., and 

the U.S. Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics); and miner injury and fatality data which were 

collected by the U.S. Department of Labor (Mine 

Safety and Health Administration). 

The following is a mapping of Tables from Coal Production 1992 to the Coal Industry Annual 1993: 

Coal Production 1992 Coal Industry Annual 1993 

Table 1 Table 3 

Table 2 NA 

Table 3 Table 4 

Table 4 Table 6 

Table 5 Table 9 

Table 6 Table 10 

Table 7 NA 

Table 8 NA 

Table 9 NA 

Table 10 Table 7 

Table 11 Table 8 

Table 12 Table 5 

Table 13 Table 6 

Table 14 Table 6 

Table 15 NA 

Table 16 NA 

Table 17 Table 82 

Table 18 Table 91 

Table 19 Table 84 

Table 20 Table 85 

Table 21 Table 81 

Table 22 Table 86 

Table 23 Tables 51,52 

Table 24 Tables 51,52 

Table 25 Tables 51,52 

Table 26 Tables 39,40,41 

Table 27 Tables 42,43,44 

Table 28 Tables 48,49,50 

Table 29 Table 56 

Table 30 Table 26 

Table 31 Table 24 

Table 32 Table 29 

Table 33 Table 17 

Table Al NA 

Table A2 NA 

Table A3 NA 

Table A4 NA 

Table Bl NA 

Table B2 NA 

Table B3 NA 

Table B4 NA 

Table B5 Table 1 

Table CI Table CI 

Table Dl Table Dl 

Table D2 Table D2 

Table D3 NA 

Coal Surveys 

As early as the 1880's, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting coal data under a voluntary reporting 

system. The responsibility for gathering this information was transferred to the Bureau of Mines in the 

1920's, initially under the U.S. Department of Commerce and later under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which published the data in its Minerals Yearbook. Except for a brief period from 1937 to 1943, 

when bituminous coal data were collected under the 

mandatory authority of the Bituminous Coal Act, the 

Bureau of Mines continued to conduct voluntary coal 

surveys until the Department of Energy was created. 

Energy Information Admlnistratlon/Coal Industry Annual 1993 241 
Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A) 

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began 

collecting annual coal production data on October 1, 

1977. The 1993 coal production and identification data 

in this report were collected on Form EIA-7A, "Coal 

Production Report," from companies that produced, 

processed, or prepared coal in 1993. All other data 

collected on Form EIA-7A are reported for only those 

companies that owned a mining operation that produced, processed, or prepared 10 thousand short tons 

or more of coal in 1993, and preparation plants with 5 

thousand or more employee hours. 

So that the EIA may fulfill its data collection functions 

as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act 

of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), response to this survey 

is mandatory. The respondents to this survey are compared with lists of mining operations maintained by 

various State coal mining/licensing agencies and the 

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S. 

Department of Labor, to identify new respondents. No 

sampling procedures are used. In 1993, there were 

2,685 mining operations that produced, processed, or 

prepared 10 thousand or more short tons of coal. Of 

these mining operations, 78.3 percent (2,103) responded 

to the EIA-7A survey. In 1993, there were 2,030 mines 

that produced 10 thousand or more short tons of coal. 

Of these mines, 78.4 percent (1,592) responded to the 

EIA-7A survey and they accounted for 910 million 

short tons, or 96.3 percent of the 1993 production total. 

All of the data were collected by mail and were edited 

to ensure that they were complete and accurate. 

As in all surveys, data from Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," are subject to various sources of error: (1) coverage (the list of respondents may not be 

complete or, on the other hand, there may be double 

counting), (2) nonresponse (all units that are surveyed 

may not respond or may not provide all the information 

requested), (3) respondents (respondents may commit 

errors in reporting the data), (4) processing (the data 

collection agency may lose or incorrectly transcribe 

the submissions), (5) concept (the data collection elements may not measure the items they were intended 

to measure), and (6) adjustment (errors may be made 

in estimating values for missing data). 

Because the annual coal production survey (Form 

EIA-7A) is not a sample survey, the estimates shown 

in this report are not subject to sampling error. 1 It is 

not possible to present estimates of nonsampling error, 

but precautionary steps were taken at each stage of the 

survey design to minimize the possible occurrence of 

these errors. These steps are described below. 

The forms are logged within 24 hours of receipt and 

assigned to a team of data editors consisting of Coal 

'Sampling error is a measure of the variation that occurs by chance 

Data Systems Branch personnel. The editors screen 

the forms for legibility, completeness, and consistency. 

Names and address changes are updated in the files. 

The reported data are compared to data from previous 

years and with secondary sources such as Mine Safety 

and Health Administration and State mining agency 

reports. Inconsistencies are identified and the respondents contacted for clarification. 

Computer edits are generated to identify keypunch errors, errors made by coders, out-of-range codes, and 

unlikely data combinations. Errors are corrected to 

conform to the data on the submissions or revised after 

telephone conversations with company representatives. All changes to reported data are documented. 

Data from Form EIA-7A are maintained on an automated database at the EIA computing facility in Washington, D.C. The survey forms are filed by EIA identification number organized by State and county. 

The survey forms were sent via regular mail in January 

with a due date of March 1, 1994. Nonresponse letters 

were mailed March 8 to those mining operations that 

had not submitted their forms. Subsequent to the letter, 

attempts were made to contact, by telephone, those 

nonrespondents whose reported 1992 production was 

100 thousand short tons or more. 

Some forms could not be delivered. Where possible, 

address corrections were obtained. In some instances, 

mining operations that had reported in earlier surveys 

or operated only in 1993 were no longer in business. 

Unobtainable data were derived from a secondary 

source: the Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," collected by the 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. / Missing production quantity data were derived from the secondary 

source for 657 mines, which produced 34.4 million 

short tons, or 3.6 percent of total production. The received and generated data sources for total U.S. coal 

production are shown in Table Dl. Of the mines whose 

production exceeded 10 thousand or more short tons, 

missing production quantity data were derived from 

the secondary source for 438 mines, representing 3.5 

percent (33.5 million short tons). 

Missingcoalbed classification, coalbed thickness, and coal 

rank/group data were estimated using State mining 

agency production reports, geological data, and previous years' reports for these mines. 

When a mine had a missing production value, its production was multiplied by the county-level average 

mine price to estimate the value. County-level average 

mine prices were calculated by dividing the total value 

for the appropriate disposition (open/captive) and type 

of mining (underground or surface) by the corresponding total production. All missing production was 

a sample rather than a complete enumeration of units is surveyed. 

242 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number 

of Mining Operations 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Received Generated Data Sources Total 

Coat-Producing 

State 

Form EIA-7A 

Derived From 

State Mining Agency 

Coal Production Reports 

Derived From 

Mine Safety and 

Health Administration Data Number of 

Operations 

Production 

Number of 

Operations 

Production 

Number of 

Operations 

Production 

Number of 

Operations 

Production 

Number of 

Operations 

Alabama 74 24,352 

Alaska 1 1,601 

Arizona 3 12,173 

Arkansas 3 33 

Colorado 25 21,886 

Illinois 44 41,091 

Indiana 52 28,778 

Iowa 1 168 

Kansas 2 341 

Kentucky Total 667 143,825 

Eastern 600 110,019 

Western 67 33,806 

Louisiana 2 3,134 

Maryland 20 3,331 

Missouri 5 637 

Montana 7 35,907 

New Mexico 9 28,268 

North Dakota 8 31,973 

Ohio 138 27,590 

Oklahoma 12 1,406 

Pennsylvania Total 507 55,764 

Anthracite 161 3,533 

Bituminous 346 52,231 

Tennessee 36 2,421 

Texas 14 54,567 

Utah 19 21,847 

Virginia 237 35,436 

Washington 3 4,739 

West Virginia Total 508 119,602 

Northern 142 32,586 

Southern 366 87,016 

Wyoming 29 210,129 

U.S. Total 2,426 910,998 

21 416 95 24,768 

- - 1 1,601 

- - 3 12,173 

3 11 6 44 

- - 25 21,886 

7 7 51 41,098 

11 517 63 29,295 

1 7 2 175 

- - 2 341 

337 12,475 1,004 156,299 

301 10,173 901 120,191 

36 2,302 103 36,108 

- - 2 3,134 

2 24 22 3,355 

2 16 7 653 

1 10 8 35,917 

- - 9 28,268 

1 0 9 31,973 

31 1,226 169 28,816 

5 352 17 1,758 

212 3,935 719 59,700 

75 772 236 4,306 

137 3,163 483 55,394 

31 626 67 3,047 

- - 14 54,567 

1 0 20 21,847 

87 3,881 324 39,317 

- - 3 4,739 

211 10,923 719 130,525 

48 1,216 190 33,802 

163 9,707 529 96,723 

- - 29 210,129 

964 34,426 3,390 945,424 

Note: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge production except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Number of mining operations includes preparation plants. All available State mining agency production data were reviewed, but none were included in this report 

because production data reported on Form EIA-7A to the Energy Information Administration and on Form 7000-1 to the Mine Safety and Health Administration were found to be complete. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

classified as open market unless information was available to classify it as captive. Of those mines whose 

production was 10 thousand or more short tons, value 

data were estimated for 531 mines, representing 5.2 

percent (49 million short tons) of the production total. 

When an underground mine had unreported mining 

method, it was assumed that the mining method was 

conventional. 

Employment data include direct labor hours, number of 

production days worked, average length of a production 

shift, average number of miners per shift, and average 

number of shifts per day. Of those mines whose production exceeded 10 thousand or more short tons, one or 

more of these data elements were derived from secondary sources or estimated for 573 mines representing 

4.4 percent (41.5 million short tons) of their production 

total. Of the mining operations that produced, processed, or prepared 10 thousand or more short tons, 

one or more of these data elements were derived from 

secondary sources or estimated for 582 mining operations, or 21.7 percent of the total operations in this 

category. 

Missing direct labor hours were estimated using countyor State-level productivity-per-hour averages. The averages were calculated by dividing the total production 

at the county or State level by total direct labor hours 

at the same level for the appropriate type of mining 

(underground or surface). The quantity of production 

for the mine with missing data was divided by this 

productivity average to derive direct labor hours. 

Missing average number of production days worked and 

length of a production shift were derived by using the 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 243 
corresponding county- or State-level average for the 

appropriate type of mining (underground or surface). 

Missing average number of miners per shift was estimated 

as the average number of miners working daily. The 

average number of miners working daily was calculated by multiplying the average length of a production 

shift by the number of production days worked, and 

then dividing this number into the total direct labor 

hours. Missing average number of shifts per day was estimated as one shift per day. 

Missing recoverable coal reserves data were estimated by 

using the mine's 1992 recoverable reserves minus the 

mine's 1993 production. If this calculation could not 

be made, the mine's projected production for 1994 was 

used. If recoverable coal reserves for 1992 and 1993 

and projected production for 1994 were all missing, no 

estimate was made. In 1993, recoverable reserves were 

reported by or estimated for 1,434 mines, representing 

892.9 million short tons, or 71 percent of the mines 

whose production exceeded 10 thousand or more short 

tons. 

Missing recovery percentage data were estimated by using 1993 recovery percentage averages at the State 

level for the appropriate type of mining (underground 

or surface). 

Missing productive capacity data were estimated by assuming productive capacity was equal to 1993 production. If productive capacity was reported as less than 

annual production, productive capacity was equated 

to 1993 production. There were 737 in-scope mines 

with production of 205.4 million short tons for which 

1993 production was used as a proxy for productive 

capacity, resulting in 100 percent capacity utilization. 

These mines included the MSHA generated mines, 

mines with productive capacity less than 1993 production, and mines that did not report productive capacity 

and could not be contacted. If these mines were excluded from the calculation of percent utilization, the 

U.S. total becomes 68.69 versus 73.72, when those 

mines are included. 

In 1993, there were 30 mines that produced 0.7 million 

short tons of refuse bituminous and subbituminous 

coal. Those operations are not included in this report. 

In order to protect the confidentiality of individual 

respondent's data, a policy was implemented to ensure 

that the reporting of survey data on mine prices and 

recoverable reserves in this publication would not associate those data with a particular company. The final 

phase in the data quality assurance and control procedures is determining which data must be suppressed 

(withheld) during publication to provide the necessary 

confidentiality for mines or companies that represent 

a significant portion of a reported data cell. All withholding analysis is done based upon production volumes. These procedures are performed as follows: 

1. Primary Withholding Based on the Number of 

Respondents in a Cell - All cells with three or 

fewer active coal mining operations are suppressed. 

2. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule 

Phase 1 — All cells containing between 4 and 10 

active coal mining operations are examined. A 

cell is suppressed if any single respondent accounts for 75 percent or more of the volume for 

all respondents included in that cell. 

3. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule 

Phase 2 --All cells in which two active coal mining operations represent 90 percent or more of 

the volume for all respondents included in that 

cell are suppressed. 

4. Complementary Suppression - All tables are reviewed to identify cells which should have data 

withheld to prevent disclosure of already suppressed cells. An example of cells to be withheld 

during complementary suppression is underground price, if the surface price is withheld during primary or residual suppression. Because the 

total price is published, if the underground price 

is not withheld, the surface price could be calculated using the total price, the underground price, 

and the underground, surface, and total volumes. 

5. Most complementary suppression involves type 

of mining considerations. Other complementary 

suppression is based on regional level data. A 

State or region must be withheld during complementary suppression because an already withheld 

State could be calculated using other States and 

the regional total. Cells are also selected for complementary suppression that represent the smallest volumes or that were withheld in prior years. 

6. Inter-table effects are also examined regarding 

complementary suppression. For example, States 

that are withheld in one State table can influence 

the complementary suppression of an associated 

State table. This analysis is very similar to that 

done at the regional level, except that two tables 

are involved rather than one. Finally, similar tables are reviewed to ensure that all like suppressed cells are consistently withheld (suppressed) in all tables in which they appear. 

The withholding/suppression of data is performed as 

an adjunct to the quality assurance (QA) procedures. 

The work is performed by survey editors, and the QA 

staff and is reviewed by the survey manager before 

being submitted to division-level QA review. 

All sensitive cells identified in withholding analysis are 

denoted with the symbol/letter "W." The use of the 

symbol/letter applies to primary, complementary and 

inter-table suppressions as well as all withheld data. 

The symbol/letter "W" is footnoted as follows: "W 

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company 

data." 

244 Energy Information Adminlstratlon/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Table D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and 

Mine Type, 1993 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

Underground Surface Total 

State and 

Region 

Average 

Mine Price 

Interquartile 

Range 

Average 

Mine Price 

Interquartile 

Range 

Average 

Mine Price 

Interquartile 

Range 

42.00 13.09 42.91 14.20 42.34 13.09 

Alaska 

.... -

w w w w 

.... -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

Colorado 20.53 2.51 20.10 2.24 20.35 5.83 

25.54 6.37 24.18 16.11 25.27 7.89 

Indiana w w w w 22.89 5.25 

... -

w w w w 

- -

w w w w 

Kentucky Total 25.07 5.96 24.35 7.43 24.77 6.93 

25.42 6.29 25.63 8.08 25.50 7.50 

23.84 5.18 20.45 3.30 22.36 4.69 

Louisiana - -

w w w w 

w w w w 25.21 .00 

.... -

w w w w 

w w w w 11.05 9.30 

New Mexico w 

20.55 

w 

7.63 

26.51 

w 

.81 

9.41 

22.96 

7.63 

28.04 

4.72 

North Dakota 

w 

20.55 

w 

7.63 

26.51 

w 

.81 

9.41 

22.96 

7.63 

28.04 

.81 

Ohio 30.73 

w 

20.55 

w 

7.63 

26.51 

w 

.81 

9.41 

22.96 

7.63 

28.04 15.48 

w w w w 24.91 3.05 

Pennsylvania Total 27.35 3.74 25.09 7.24 26.50 3.65 

Anthracite 36.02 2.21 32.71 39.29 32.94 32.96 

27.29 3.74 23.55 7.17 26.03 3.40 

w w w w 27.23 3.89 

- -

12.87 5.33 12.87 5.33 

Utah 20.81 2.36 - -

20.81 2.36 

27.26 11.66 25.29 5.25 26.80 9.73 

.... -

w w w w 

West Virginia Total 28.54 7.65 25.57 5.64 27.58 7.45 

29.29 10.02 23.17 4.89 28.09 11.75 

28.21 6.26 26.02 4.02 27.40 4.83 

w w w w 7.32 3.38 

Appalachian Total 1 28.23 6.96 26.65 8.61 27.64 7.78 

Interior Total' 25.07 4.87 

5.86 

8.37 

17.48 

10.05 

15.67 

8.17 

8.51 

15.29 

20.03 

11.14 

19.85 

10.51 

Western Total' 20.75 

4.87 

5.86 

8.37 

17.48 

10.05 

15.67 

8.17 

8.51 

15.29 

20.03 

11.14 

19.85 

13.49 

U.S. Total 26.92 

4.87 

5.86 

8.37 

17.48 

10.05 

15.67 

8.17 

8.51 

15.29 

20.03 

11.14 

19.85 17.75 

1

 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. 

w

 Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less 

than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Average Mine Price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. 

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report;" State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. 

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

The interquartile range is a measure of dispersion of 

State-level average mine prices. Two States may have 

the same average mine price, but the spread about this 

price may be totally different. For a fixed average mine 

price, a larger interquartile range suggests a broader 

distribution of coal prices than a smaller interquartile 

range. The summary statistics (Table D2) given in this 

publication are weighted by production. 

The interquartile range (weighted by production) is 

computed in the following manner: 

• Each cell is sorted according to average mine 

price, from the lowest to the highest. 

• For each cell, the corresponding mine's production according to increasing average mine price 

is divided by that particular cell's total production 

and multiplied by 100. These percentages are then 

added as a cumulative percentage of production. 

• The first quartile (Ql) is the associated mine price 

for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 25 percent. Thus, at least 25 percent of that cell's total production is identified 

with prices at or lower than Ql. 

• The third quartile (Q3), is the associated mine 

price for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 75 percent. Thus, at least 75 

percent of that cell's total production is identified 

with prices at or lower than Q3. 

The interquartile range is Q3-Q1. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 245 
Quarterly Coal Consumption Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3) 

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that 

consume 1 thousand tons or more of coal per year for 

all uses other than coke production. These data were 

collected on a monthly basis until 1980, when the reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule. Data 

on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices, and 

consumption are reported. 

Through the end of 1988, all manufacturers that consumed coal were required to file Form EIA-3. Beginning with the first quarter of 1989, only those manufacturers that consumed 1 thousand or more tons in 

the past year were required to report. In 1993, 768 

manufacturers responded to the EIA-3 survey. The response rate for the current year was 100 percent. In 

order to identify undercoverage problems, the data 

from this survey are compared with shipments to manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-6. At present, the coal receipts reported by manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover approximately 97 percent of the coal shipments to manufacturers on Form EIA-6. Consequently, the coal consumption data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do not 

represent the total consumption at manufacturing 

plants. See Technical Note 5 for data adjustment procedures for coal consumption for the other industrial 

sector. 

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and 

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and 

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report 

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue, 

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied 

and the data are considered final. 

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3 

is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy Offices. 

When new respondents are found, they are added to 

the survey mailing list. 

Annual Coal Quality Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A) 

Form EIA-3 A contains questions on the origin of coal 

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the 

Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and 

the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The 

threshold for the annual collection will be the same as 

for the EIA-3: manufacturing plants that consume in 

excess of 1,000 short tons of coal per year. In 1993, 

768 manufacturers responded to the EIA-3A survey. 

2

For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the ant 

The response rate for the current year was was 100 

percent. 

Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5) 

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts, carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all U.S. 

coke plants. 

Coke plants were surveyed monthly and a supplemental survey was taken annually until 1981, when the 

reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule 

with an annual supplemental survey. In 1985, collection 

of the annual supplement was ended. 

In 1993, there were 33 respondents to the EIA-5 survey, and the response rate was 100 percent. The respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous 

monitoring of the industry literature. 

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and 

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and 

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report 

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue, 

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied 

and the data are considered final. 

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke 

Plants (Form EIA-5A) 

This form contains questions on the origin of coal 

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the 

volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis 

used to determine the coal quality data. There is no 

threshold for this form. In 1993, there were 33 respondents to the EIA-5A survey, and the response rate was 

100 percent. 

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6) 

Form EIA-6 is used to survey all U.S. companies (producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase and 

distribute more than 50 thousand short tons annually.2 

Data on coal production and purchases, distribution 

by consumer category, and method of transportation 

are reported. 

In 1993, there were over 1,100 respondents to the 

EIA-6 survey. Until the end of 1988, coal distribution 

companies were required to report production on a 

Bureau of Mines district basis. For the year 1989, reportion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 tons. 

246 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
spondents were required to report on a BOM district/ 

State basis. Beginning with the first quarter of 1990, 

respondents were required to report on a State basis. 

The response rate for the current quarter was 100 percent. The annual production total reported on Form 

EIA-6 exceeds 99 percent of total production as reported by all mines on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," due to the difference in reporting thresholds. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6 only represent the domestic coal distributed during the quarter. 

Therefore, imported coal distributed during the quarter 

is not included. 

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and 

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and 

July - September issued of the Quarterly Coal Report 

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue, 

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied 

and the data are considered final. 

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine 

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, and from similar lists maintained 

by various State agencies. Also, new respondents are 

frequently identified on Form EIA-6 itself when other 

companies are named as sources of coal purchases. 

Electric Utility Surveys 

Coal data appear in this report from three surveys of 

electric utilities - from all generating electric utilities 

and from fossil-fueled plants. 

The Census Bureau collected and published the results 

of a census taken every 5 years from 1902 to 1937 on 

the electric light and power industries and some data 

on industrial production of electric energy. The U.S. 

Geological Survey collected data on capacity and generation of electric utilities from 1920 to 1936, when 

this activity was turned over to the Federal Power 

Commission (FPC). 

All data are presented as reported on the surveys. No 

estimates or other adjustments are made for missing 

data. The data are maintained in a computer system 

and are edited to ensure that they are reasonable, consistent, and complete. For additional information from 

these surveys and for other electric utility data, see the 

EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly (DOE/ 

EIA-0226). 

Monthly Power Plant Report (Form 

EIA-759) 

Form EIA-759 (which, until 1982, was called FPC 

Form 4) is used to survey all generating electric utilities. 

The Federal Power Act and FPC Order Number 141 

define the legislative authority to collect power production data. Consumption and stocks of coal and 

other fuels at each plant are reported. The respondents 

to Form EIA-759, approximately 3 thousand plants, 

account for 100 percent of total electric utility generation. 

Current year data from this survey are considered final. 

Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of 

Fuels for Electric Plants (FERC Form 

423) 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) 

Form 423 is used to survey all fossil-fueled plants with 

a total steam-generating capacity of 50 megawatts or 

more. It is submitted by approximately 230 electric 

utilities. (Before 1983, this form was called FPC Form 

423, and all fossil-fueled plants with a total generating 

capacity of 25 megawatts or more were surveyed.) In 

1972, the FPC issued Order Number 453, which included the legislative authority to create FERC Form 

423. Cost, quality, and source of fuels (by State or 

country of origin), including coal, are reported. Current year data from this survey are considered final. 

Steam-Electric Plant Operation and 

Design Report (Form EIA-767) 

The Form EIA-767 is a mandatory restricted-universe 

census of all electric power plants with a total existing 

or planned organic- or nuclear-fueled steam-electric 

generator nameplate rating of 10 or more megawatts. 

The entire form is filed by approximately 700 power 

plants with a nameplate capacity of 100 or more megawatts. An additional 200 power plants with a nameplate 

capacity between 10 and 100 megawatts submit information only on fuel consumption/quality, boiler/ 

generator configuration, and flue-gas desulfurization 

equipment, if applicable. The Form EIA-767 is used 

to collect data annually on plant operations and equipment design (including boiler, generator, cooling system, flue gas desulfurization, flue gas particulate collectors, and stack data). Data from the Form EIA-767 

are used for economic, regulatory, and environmental 

analyses conducted by the DOE, the FERC, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department 

of Commerce. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 247 
Form EIA-767 data for 1993 are preliminary. Data for 

prior years are final. 

Annual Nonutility Power Producer 

Report (Form EIA-867) 

The Form EIA-867 is a restricted-universe census used 

to collect annual data from all existing and planned 

nonutility power producers in the United States. In 

1992, the reporting threshold of the Form EIA-867 

was lowered to include all facilities with a combined 

nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts. Previously 

data were collected every 3 years from facilities with 

a nameplate capacity between 1 and 5 megawatts. For 

the purpose of this data collection, a nonutility power 

producer is an enterprise that has electric generating 

capacity and is not an electric utility. They include 

qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without a designated 

franchised service area. The form is used to collect 

data on the installed capacity, energy consumption, 

generation, and electric energy sales to electric utilities 

from approximately 2,000 facilities. 

Form EIA-867 data for 1993 are preliminary. Data for 

prior years are final. 

Export and Import Data 

Export and import data (except imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants, which are 

reported on the FERC Form 423, EIA-3A, and 

EIA-5A, respectively.) are obtained from the Census 

Bureau-export data from the monthly EM 545 (formerly EM 522) report, import data from the monthly 

IM145 report. The Census Bureau compiles these data 

monthly from documents filed with the U.S. Customs 

Service as required by law. They include shippers' export declaration forms, import entry forms, and warehouse withdrawal forms. No sampling procedures are 

used. The Census Bureau publication Guide to Foreign 

Trade Statistics describes the foreign trade statistics 

program, including the EM 545 and IM 145 monthly 

reports. Data from these surveys are considered final 

at the time of publication. 

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal, major exporting 

State, and destination, along with foreign distribution 

of metallurgical and steam coal (Tables 62, 63, and 64, 

respectively), was determined using EIA-6 distribution 

data by origin State, and coal export data from King's 

COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, 

Knoxville, Tennessee) which gives the metallurgical 

and steam as well as the destination country data. The 

percentage of metallurgical and steam coal for each 

country of destination are applied to the EIA-6 export 

figures for each State of origin to derive coal distribution data that links State of origin to countries of destination by type of coal. The King's destination country 

data are considered to be more accurate than the Census country of destination data because it accounts for 

transhipments through intermediate countries to final 

destination countries, whereas the Census data would 

designate the destination as the intermediate country. 

Copies of the survey forms and instructions used to 

collect data appearing in this publication can be obtained by calling EIA's National Energy Information 

Center at (202) 586-8800. 

Technical Notes 

1. Differences in Related Coal 

Data 

Coal Production versus Coal Distribution. Coal production represents newly-mined coal. Coal distribution 

represents shipments of newly-mined coal and coal 

from producer/distributor stockpiles (previously 

mined coal). 

Coal Distribution versus Coal Receipts. Differences in 

coal distribution data and coal receipts data are due to 

the time lag between distribution and receipt of coal 

shipments, and due to the survey threshold differences. 

In addition, coal distributed includes only domestic 

coal, whereas receipts include imported coal. 

Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal versus U.S. Coal Exports. Foreign distribution of U.S. coal does not equal 

U.S. coal exports due to reporting time differences and 

survey threshold differences. 

Receipts of Imported Coal versus U.S. Coal Imports. Receipts of imported coal at electric utilities and manufacturing and coke plants does not equal U.S. coal imports due to reporting time differences. In addition, it 

does not include receipts at independent power producers. 

2. Other Industrial Plants and 

Manufacturing 

The other industrial plants end-use sector includes the 

manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, and construction industries. Manufacturing accounts for approximately 97 percent of the coal receipts 

and consumption and 100 percent of the coal stocks in 

248 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
the other industrial plants sector as reported herein. 

Data sources for the other industrial plants sector and 

the manufacturing sector are Forms EIA-6 and EIA-3, 

respectively. The source statement in each table identifies the survey used to collect coal data for the other 

industrial plants sector, and the following technical 

notes describe the methodology used when data were 

derived. 

3. Residential and Commercial 

To reduce the reporting burden to coal users, the EIA 

does not conduct any survey of coal data from residential and commercial users of coal. Shipments of 

coal to this sector, reported by producers and distributors of coal on Form EIA-6, are equated to coal receipts and consumption by the residential and commercial sector, assuming no stock changes. 

4. Consumer Prices 

Prices are derived for each end-use sector as follows: 

Electric Utilities. Prices are reported for each plant in 

cents-per-million Btu on FERC Form 423. The price 

per ton of coal is calculated at each plant using centsper-million Btu and the average Btu content per pound 

of coal for the appropriate rank of coal. The average 

prices appearing in the tables (e.g., across all States) 

are calculated by summing the dollar value at each 

plant (short tons of coal multiplied by price per short 

ton) and dividing by the corresponding total tons. For 

more information about prices of coal at electric utilities, see the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly 

(DOE/EIA-0226). 

Coke Plants. Respondents are asked to report the number of tons of coal received (or coke distributed) on 

Form EIA-5 and the total value of that coal (or coke) 

in dollars. Average prices are calculated by summing 

the reported values (e.g., across all States) and dividing 

by the corresponding total tons. 

Other Industrial Plants. Respondents (manufacturing 

plants only) are asked to report the number of tons of 

coal received on Form EIA-3 and the total value of 

that coal in dollars. Average prices are calculated by 

summing the reported values across all States and dividing by the corresponding total tons. 

Residential and Commercial. Data are not collected. 

See Technical Note 3. 

5. Consumption 

Annua/ Data 

Annual coal consumption data are sums of quarterly 

or monthly data described below except for nonutility 

power producers whose coal consumption is not included in this report. These data are however, reported 

on Form EIA-867 and published in the Electric Power 

Annual (DOE/EIA-0348). 

Electric Utilities. Consumption is reported on Form 

EIA-759. 

Coke Plants. Consumption is reported on Form EIA-5. 

Other Industrial Plants. In deriving a quarterly estimate 

for coal consumption for the other industrial plants 

sector, the first step is to equate consumption to beginning stocks plus receipts minus ending stocks. In terms 

of an equation, consumption can be expressed as C = 

Sb + R - Se, where Sb = beginning stocks, R = 

receipts, and Se = ending stocks. 

Therefore, consumption is C = (Sb - Se (change in 

stocks)) + R. Next, stock change at the State level is 

equated to the stock change for that State as reported 

on Form EIA-3, receipts at the State level are derived 

as described in Section 3, and a computed consumption 

is derived using the same equation for each State. Finally, the quarterly consumption (C) at the State level 

is equated to the maximum of the computed consumption at the State level, as previously described, and the 

quarterly consumption for that State as reported on 

Form EIA-3. This process ensures that State-level consumption for the other industrial plants sector is always 

greater than or equal to the manufacturing sector consumption for that State. Total quarterly consumption 

for the other industrial plants sector is computed by 

summing the quarterly State-level consumption figures. 

Residential and Commercial. Shipments to the residential and commercial sector as reported on Form EIA-6 

are defined as consumption as well as receipts for this 

end-use sector. 

EIA publishes monthly estimates of coal consumption 

in the Monthly Energy Review (DOE/EIA-0035). 

Monthly coal consumption at electric utility plants is 

derived directly from Form EIA-759. Prior to 1980, 

monthly coal consumption at coke plants was derived 

directly from Form EIA-5. For 1981 through 1987, it 

was derived from the quarterly coal consumption reported on Form EIA-5, using the ratios of monthly to 

quarterly consumption in 1979, the last year that coke 

plant data were collected monthly on Form EIA-5. 

These ratios by month (January - December) are 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 249 
0.3377, 0.3200, 0.3423; 0.3529, 0.3462, 0.3009; 0.3364, 

0.3347, 0.3289; and 0.3273, 0.3301, 0.3426. 

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption at coke 

plants is derived from quarterly coal consumption reported on Form EIA-5, using ratios derived from 

monthly data on raw steel production published by 

the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) on Form 

AIS7. The ratio is the proportion of monthly raw steel 

production from open hearth and basic oxygen process 

furnaces to the quarterly raw steel production from 

those furnace types. 

Prior to 1978, coal consumption for the other industrial 

plants sector (i.e., industrial users minus coke plants) 

was derived by using monthly data reported on Form 

EIA-3 to modify baseline coal consumption figures 

from the most recent Census of Manufactures or Annual 

Survey of Manufactures, Bureau of the Census, U.S. 

Department of Commerce. For 1978 through 1987, 

data from Forms EIA-3 and EIA-6 are used to compute 

monthly coal consumption for the other industrial 

plants sector. 

Given the quarterly consumption for the other industrial plants sector (C), the monthly consumption for 

the sector (Cm) is estimated for each month in the 

quarter as Cm = (Cm3/C3) x C where Cm3/C3 is the 

ratio of monthly to quarterly coal consumption as reported on Form EIA-3. For the 1978 coal consumption 

figures, the ratios used are based on 1978 EIA-3 data. 

For 1979 through 1987, the ratios used are based on 

the 1979 EIA-3 data. These 1979 ratios by month (January - December) are 0.3593, 0.3264, 0.3143; 0.3485, 

0.3332, 0.3183; 0.3317, 0.3407, 0.3276; and 0.3045, 

0.3253, 0.3702. 

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption for the 

other industrial plants sector is derived from quarterly 

coal consumption reported on Form EIA-3 using 

monthly ratios derived from the industrial production 

indices published by the Board of Governors of the 

Federal Reserve System. Six major industry groups' 

indices are used as the basis for calculating the monthly 

ratios. These groups are foods (Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) 20), paper and products (SIC 26), 

chemicals and products (SIC 28), petroleum products 

(SIC 29), clay, glass, stone products (SIC 32), and primary metals (SIC 33). 

The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum 

of weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly 

sum of weighted indices, using the 1985 proportion as 

the weight. 

Prior to 1980, monthly coal consumption for the residential and commercial sector was derived by using 

monthly data reported on Form EIA-2, "Monthly Coal 

Report - Retail Dealers and Upper Lake Docks," to 

modify baseline coal consumption figures developed 

by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior. 

For 1980, the quarterly coal consumption figures in 

the residential and commercial sector are converted to 

monthly coal consumption figures using the ratios of 

monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this sector in 

1979 as reported on Form EIA-2. These 1979 ratios 

by month (January-December) are 0.4002, 0.3502, 

0.2496; 0.4805, 0.2901, 0.2294; 0.3126, 0.2952, 0.3922; 

and 0.2931, 0.3101, 0.3968. The 1981 and 1982 monthly 

coal consumption figures were derived using the 1979 

ratios but were also modified according to heating/ 

cooling degree-days. For 1983 through 1987, coal consumption figures are converted to monthly coal consumption figures using only the ratios of monthly to 

quarterly coal deliveries to this sector in 1979. 

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption figures 

are derived using the monthly national average population weighted heating/cooling degree-days obtained 

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ratio is the proportion of the monthly 

national sum of heating and cooling degree-days to the 

quarterly sum. 

6. Stocks 

Annual stocks are calculated at the end of the year or 

the end of the 4th quarter. Coal stocks are derived for 

each end-use sector as follows: 

Electric Utilities. Stocks are reported on Form 

EIA-759. 

Coke Plants. Stocks are reported on Form EIA-5. 

Other Industrial Plants. Stocks are reported on Form 

EIA-3, i.e., stocks at manufacturing plants only. Technical Note 1 discusses the difference between other industrial plants and manufacturing plants. 

Residential and Commercial. Data are not available. 

See Technical Note 3. 

Producer and Distributor. Stocks are reported on Form 

EIA-6. 

7. Methods of Transportation 

Rail: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail, 

either private or public/commercial. Included is coal 

hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck. 

Water Transportation: Shipments of coal moved by one 

of the three methods—river, Great Lakes, or tidewater 

piers and coastal ports. Included in these shipments is 

250 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
coal hauled to or from water-loading facilities by other 

means of transportation. 

River: Shipments of coal moved to consumers via river 

by barge, except shipments to Great Lakes 

coal-loading docks or tidewater piers or coastal ports. 

Great Lakes: Shipments of coal moved to consumers 

via the Great Lakes. These shipments are moved via 

the Great Lakes coal-loading docks, which are identified by name and locations as follows: Superior Midwest Energy Terminal, Superior, Wisconsin; Bessemer 

& Lake Erie Coal Storage & Transfer Facility, 

Conneaut, Ohio; B&O Railroad Coal-Loading Dock, 

Lorain, Ohio; C&O Railroad Presque Isle Docks, Toledo, Ohio; Lakefront Dock & Railroad Terminal Company Coal-Loading Dock, Toledo, Ohio; N&W 

Sandusky Coal Pier No. 3, Sandusky, Ohio; ConRail 

Coal Transfer Facilities, Ashtabula, Ohio; Rail to Water Transfer Corporation Dock, Chicago, Illinois. 

Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports: Shipments of coal 

moved to tidewater piers and coastal ports for further 

shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean. 

The tidewater piers are identified by name and location 

as follows: B&O Curtis Bay Coal Piers, Baltimore, 

Maryland; C&O Coal Piers Nos. 14 & 15, Newport 

News, Virginia; N&W Lamberts Point Coal Piers Nos. 

5 & 6, Norfolk, Virginia; Alabama State Docks Bulk 

Handling Plant, Mobile, Alabama; Alabama State 

Docks/McDuffieTerminals, Mobile, Alabama; Canton 

Coal Piers, Baltimore Harbor on the Chesapeake Bay; 

Greenwich Coal Pier, Greenwich Point, Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania, on Delaware River; Port Richmond 

Pier, Pier 18 Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River; Galveston Regional Coal 

Distribution Center, Pelican Island, Galveston, Texas; 

International Marine Terminals/Plaquemines Parish 

Terminal, Mile 57 AHP-Mississippi River, approximately 30 miles south of New Orleans; Energy Terminals of Houston, Inc., a Subsidiary of Soros Associates, 

Houston, Texas. Coastal Ports are those located at 

Charleston, South Carolina; New York, New York; 

San Diego, California; Los Angeles, California; and 

Seattle, Washington. 

Truck: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by truck. 

Tramway, Conveyor, or Slurry Pipeline: Shipments of 

coal moved to consumers by tramway, conveyor, or 

slurry pipeline. 

8. Census Export and Import Data 

Export and import data are obtained from the Bureau 

of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, where 

they are compiled monthly from documents filed with 

the U.S. Customs Service, as required by law. 

Each coal shipment is reported in short tons with corresponding total dollar values. EIA converts all value 

data obtained from the Census Bureau to average price 

data by dividing the dollar value by the quantity. 

Based on an analysis and sample validation of the Census Bureau import and export data conducted by the 

EIA, it was determined that some of the coal and coke 

data collected from the Census Bureau may be misleading or incorrect (particularly those data associated 

with very small quantities or very high prices). Because 

of this, a methodology was developed to edit the Census Bureau price data. 

Prior to 1989, certain data cells had been suppressed 

for publication purposes only: (1) average import coal 

prices of $50.00 or more per short ton; (2) average 

export coal prices of $60.00 or more per short ton; (3) 

average coke prices of $200.00 or more per short ton; 

(4) all percent changes of 500 percent or more. 

Beginning with 1989, coal export data were categorized 

as metallurgical coal and steam coal, rather than as 

bituminous steam coal, lignite, anthracite, and 

bituminous metallurgical coal. 

In addition, coal export tables were revised to present 

those countries to which the United States exported 

more than 50,000 short tons in the prior calendar year. 

The remaining countries in each continent were aggregated in an "other" category. This reduces the number 

of empty cells and highlights the major importers of 

U.S. coal. All coke export and import, and coal import 

countries and quantities are displayed. 

The following methodology was used to derive the 

typical average prices as presented in the price tables. 

For all coal, a price distribution was derived from the 

prior calendar year export price data. Since extreme 

price variations in the Census Bureau data are the exception rather than the rule, the price distribution was 

used to identify a typical price range. The price distribution, from low to high, along with the frequency of 

each price (quantity) was analyzed to determine the 

representative prices. The extreme prices at both ends 

of the distribution were eliminated to arrive at a price 

range that covered at least 90 percent of the exports. 

This price range was considered to include typical or 

representative prices. Considering the records that fell 

within the typical price range, the weighted average 

price was calculated by country of destination and 

type of coal. 

The same procedure was used to determine the typical 

average prices of coal imports. In addition to the average prices based on the above methodology, a U.S. 

total row is presented in the price tables, which represents the average price using all the Census Bureau data. 

For reporting purposes, the month of exportation reflects the month in which the shipment leaves the 

United States. The month of importation generally is 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 251 
based on the month in which the U.S. Customs Service 

releases the merchandise to the importer. For both sets 

of data, however, there can exist a small carry-over 

from the actual month of exportation or importation 

to a subsequent month, usually the succeeding month. 

A number of factors in processing account for this, 

e.g., late receipt of a document for an end-of-month 

shipment, or rejection of a shipment by the computer 

due to failure to meet established edit criteria. These 

limitations should be considered when making comparisons. 

Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as 

of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce 

began reporting statistics on U.S. exports to Canada 

based on information on imports provided monthly by 

the Canadian government. 

Comparing Census reported imported coal figures in 

Table 34 with EIA reported imported coal receipts at 

electric utilities, manufacturers, and coke plants for 

1993 shows a difference of about 1.8 million short tons. 

The main reason for this is that the EIA receipts data 

do not cover imported coal received by nonutility 

power producers who are not in the manufacturing 

sector. 

9. Metric Data 

Selected quarterly tables are converted to metric tons 

by multiplying the underlying data by the factor 

.907185. The metric data in Appendix B are derived 

from the following tables: 

Tables ESI, 1, 15, 24, 34, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 91, 93, 95, 

98, and 97 and are presented, respectively, in Tables 

Bl. through B15. 

10. Revisions 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate 

Fuels has adopted the following policy with respect 

to the revision and correction of recurrent data in energy publications: 

1. Annual survey data collected by this office are published either as preliminary or final when first appearing 

in a data report. Data initially released as preliminary 

will be so noted in the report. These data will be revised, if necessary, and declared final in the next publication of the data. 

2. All monthly and quarterly survey data collected by 

this office are published as preliminary. These data are 

revised only after the completion of the 12-month cycle of the data. No revisions are made to the published 

data before this. 

3. After data are published as final, corrections will be 

made only in the event of a greater than one percent 

difference at the national level. Corrections for differences that are less than the one percent threshold are 

left to the discretion of the Office Director. 

11. Approximate Heat Content of 

Coal 

Table C2 presents the approximate heat content of coal 

by rank and disposition for 1980 through 1993. 

12. Price Data and Taxes 

F.O.B. mine coal prices and prices of coal delivered 

to or received by end-use consumers (electric utility 

plants, manufacturing plants, and coke plants) as reported in this publication include relevant local, state 

and federal exise and sales taxes. 

Table D3. Gross Domestic Product, 

Implicit Price Deflator, 

1983-1993 

Year Implicit Price Deflator 

(1987 = 100) 

1983 87.2 

1984 91.0 

1985 94.4 

1986 96.9 

1987 100.0 

1988 103.9 

1989 108.5 

1990 113.3 

1991 117.7 

1992 121.1 

1993 124.2 

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business. 

252 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Appendix E 

Selected Coal 

References 

At the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a technician monitors the temperature of 

combustion gas from a slugging combustor. The slugging combustor burns pulverized coal at low SO2, NOx > and 

particulate emissions. 

Appendix E 

Selected Coal References 

Coal Reports 

• Weekly Coal Production DOE/EIA-0218 (94-01) 

• Electric Power Annual, DOE/EIA-0348(92), January 1994. 

• State Coal Profiles, DOE/EIA-0576, January 

1994 

• Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility 

Plants 1993, DOE/EIA-0191(93), July 1994. 

• Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/2Q). 

• The Changing Structure of the U.S. Coal Industry: 

An Update, DOE/EIA-0513(93), July 1993. 

Feature Articles 

• Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal, August 

1994. (Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 

(94/1Q), August 1994). 

• U.S. Coal Reserves: An Update by Heat and Sulfur 

Content, DOE/EIA-0529(92), February 1993. 

• The U.S. Coal Industry, 1970-1990: Two Decades 

of Change, DOA/EIA-0559, November 1992 

• Coal Data: A Reference, DOE/EIA-0064(90), 

November 1991 

• Trends in Contract Coal Transportation, 

1979-1987, DOE/EIA-0549, September 1991 

• Federal and Indian Coal Lands: A Growing Souce 

of Energy and Revenue, October 1993 (Coal Production 1992, DOE/EIA-0118(92), October 

1993). 

• Coal Supply and Demand in 1993: A Review, 1993 

(Mining Engineering, May 1994, pp 433-436). 

• Wyoming Coal: An Overview, October 1992 (Coal 

Production 1991, DOE/EIA-0118(91), October 

1992). 

• Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226(94/09), 

September 1994. 

• Profile of New Coal Mines in the 1980's, September 1991 (Coal Production 1990, DOE/ 

EIA-0I18), September 1991). 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 255 

Glossary 

Agglomerating Character: Agglomeration describes the 

caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character is 

determined by examination and testing of the residue 

when a small powdered sample is heated to 950 degrees 

centigrade under specified conditions. If the sample is 

"agglomerating," the residue will be coherent, show 

swelling or cell structure, and be capable of supporting 

a 500-gram weight without pulverizing. 

Anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often referred 

to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed 

carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. Comprises three groups classified according to the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry mineralmatter-free (mmf) basis: 

Average Annual Percent Change: 

' # ' 

(1) 

Where: VQ = the value for the base period. 

V„ = the value for the n

th period. 

n = the number of periods. 

Average Daily Production: The ratio of the total production at a mining operation to the total number of 

production days worked at the operation. 

Meta-Anthracite 

Anthracite 

Semianthracite 

Fixed 

Carbon Volatile 

Limits Matter 

GE LT GT LE 

98 - - 2 

92 98 2 8 

86 92 8 14 

GE = Greater than or equal to 

LT = Less than 

GT = Greater than 

LE = Less than or equal to 

Anthracite coal is non-agglomerating. 

I f agglomerating, semianthracite is 

classified in the low-volatile group 

of the bituminous class. 

Average Length of a Shift: The arithmetic mean number 

of hours worked during a production shift. Overtime 

is included if usually worked during the year. 

Average Mine Price: The ratio of the total value of the 

coal produced at the mine to the total production tonnage. (See f.o.b. mine price.) 

Average Number of Employees per Shift: The arithmetic 

mean number of employees working during a production shift. Includes all employees except office workers. (See direct labor hours.) 

Average Number of Miners Working Daily: The arithmetic mean number of miners working each day at a 

mining operation. Includes maintenance as well as production work performed. 

Ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina, and 

other incombustible matter that are contained in coal. 

Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the cost of 

handling, and can affect the burning characteristics. 

Ash content is measured as a percent by weight of coal 

on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free, usually 

part of a laboratory analysis) basis. 

Average Number of Shifts per Day: The arithmetic 

mean number of shifts each day at a mining operation. 

Includes maintenance as well as production shifts. 

Average Production per Miner per Day: The product 

of the average production per miner per hour at a mining operation and the average length of a production 

shift at the operation. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly 

to excavate. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Production per Miner per Shift: Calculated by 

multiplying average production per miner per hour by 

the average length of a miner shift. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 257 
Average Quality of Coal: Refers to individual measurements such as heat value, fixed cabon, moisture, ash, 

sulfur, phosphorus, major, minor, and trace elements, 

coking properties, petrologic properties, and particular 

organic constituents. The individual quality elements 

may be aggregated in various ways to classify coal for 

such special purposes as metallurgical, gas, petrochemical, and blending usages. 

Cannel Coal: A variety of bituminous coal that is 

noncaking, contains a high percentage of volatile matter, ignites easily, and burns with a luminous smokey 

flame. 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bituminous Coal: The most common coal. It is dense 

and black (often with well-defined bands of bright and 

dull material). Its moisture content is usually less than 

20 percent. It is used for generating electricity, making 

coke, and for space heating. Comprises five groups 

classified according to ASTMSpecification D-388-91a, 

on a dry mineral-matter-free mmf basis for fixed-carbon 

and volatile matter and a moist mmf basis for calorific 

value. Coals having 69 percent or more fixed carbon 

on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis shall be classified 

according to fixed carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. High-volatile C bituminous coal is 

agglomerating, but other bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating. However, it is recognized that 

there may be nonagglomerating varieties in these 

groups of the bituminous class, and there are notable 

exceptions in the high-volatile C bituminous group. 

Coals with less than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 

14,000 or more Btu per pound, are classified as highvolatile A bituminous. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the 

mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for 

example, steel companies and electric utilities). 

Carbon Dioxide: COi- A colorless, odorless, incombustible gas formed during combustion in fossil-fuel electric generation plants. 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (Coke): See Coke (coal). 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the 

total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

GE 

Lv 78 

mv 69 

hvA 

hvB 

hvC 

Fixed 

Carbon 

Limits 

LT 

86 

78 

69 

GT 

14 

22 

31 

Volatile 

Matter 

Limits 

LT 

22 

31 

Calorific 

Value 

Limits 

Btu/lb. 

GE LE 

14000 -

13000 14000 

10500 13000 

Iv = Low-volatile bituminous coal 

mv = Medium-volatile bituminous coal 

hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal 

hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal 

hvC = High-volatile C bituminous coal 

GE = Greater than or equal to 

LT = Less than 

GT = Greater than 

LE = Less than or equal to 

Btu (British thermal unit): The amount of heat needed 

to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree fahrenheit. The Btu is a convenient measure by 

which to compare the energy content of various fuels. 

Coal Preparation: The process of sizing and cleaning 

coal to meet market specifications by removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. May include crushing, 

screening, or mechanical cleaning. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification of 

coal-producing States. The States in the Appalachian 

Region are Alabama, Georgia, eastern Kentucky, 

Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, 

and West Virginia. The States in the Interior Region 

are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, western 

Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. 

The States in the Western Region are Alaska, Arizona, 

California, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North 

Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, 

Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania 

bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wash258 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
ington, West Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. 

The following Coal-Producing States are split in origin 

of coal, as defined below: 

Kentucky, Eastern: All mines located in counties other 

than the Western Kentucky counties. 

Kentucky, Western: All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell, Christian, 

Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, Hancock, 

Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, Muhlenberg, 

Ohio, Simpson, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite: All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennslyvania Bituminous: All mines located in counties 

other than the Pennsylvania anthracite counties and 

all bituminous mines in Bradford County. 

West Virginia, Northern: All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 

1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, 

Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, 

Ohio, Pleasants, Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, 

Taylor, Tucker, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and 

Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern: All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 

7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 

Mingo, Monroe, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank/Group: A classification of coal based on 

fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value, 

and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite 

(most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of 

several organic components of coal. The lower rank 

coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat 

content of the higher rank coals is generally above 

14,000 Btu per pound for each coal rank group (except 

for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly lower), and 

heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow 

range. Since heat content is not a dependable criterion 

for these higher rank coals, their rank categories are 

instead described by degree of metamorphism, or 

"coalification", a property that is measured by fixed 

carbon content. Finally, the agglomerating character 

of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain 

coal consumers, and thus agglomerating character has 

come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some high-volatile C bituminous and 

subbituminous A coals can be distinguished only on 

the basis of agglomerating character. Percentages are 

based on dry mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter 

(not shown) is the complement of fixed carbon; that 

is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter 

sum to 100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases, therefore, volatile matter percentage increases 

by the same amount. 

Coal Stocks: The supply of coal at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces electricity and another form of useful thermal energy (such 

as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility Regulatory 

Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must produce electric energy and "another form of useful thermal energy 

through the sequencial use of energy," and meet certain 

ownership, operating, and efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

(FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 

18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): In general, coke is made from bituminous 

coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an 

oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, so that the fixed carbon and ash are fused together. 

Coke is hard and porous, has a gray, submetallic luster, 

and is strong enough to support a load of iron ore in a 

blast furnace. It is used both as a fuel and a reducing 

agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke has 

a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; 

no blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of roomand-pillar mining which consists of a series of operations that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily 

when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and 

then loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the f.o.b. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. 

This type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified by the Bill of 

Loading and Quality Report) rather than pay on the 

basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unEnergy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 259 
loading port. It is similar to the terms of an f.o.b. sale, 

except that the seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance. 

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in 

liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains 

liquid at amospheric pressure after passing through 

surface-separating facilities. Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, 

gilsonite and oil shale. Drip gases are also included, 

but topped crude (residual oil) and other unfinished 

oils are excluded. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil are likewise 

excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is considered as 

either domestic or foreign, according to the following: 

Domestic. Crude oil produced in the United States or 

from its "outer continental shelf as defined in 43 

U.S.C. 1331. 

Foreign. Crude oil produced outside the United States. 

Imported Athabasca hydrocarbons are included. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing 

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. 

Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short 

ton. 

Customs District: Customs districts, as defined by the 

Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, 

"Monthly Report EM 545," are as follows: 

Eastern: Bridgeport, CT, Washington, DC, Boston, 

MA, Baltimore, MD, Portland, ME, Buffalo, NY, New 

York City, NY, Ogdensburg, NY, Philadelphia, PA, 

Providence, RI, Norfolk, VA, St. Albans, VT. 

Southern: Mobile, AL, Savannah, GA, Miami, FL, 

Tampa, FL, New Orleans, LA, Wilmington, NC, San 

Juan, PR, Charleston, SC, Dallas-Fort Worth, TX, El 

Paso, TX, Houston-Galveston, TX, Laredo, TX, Virgin Islands. 

Western: Anchorage, AK, Nogales, AZ, Los Angeles, 

CA, San Diego, CA, San Fracisco, CA, Honolulu, HI, 

Great Falls, MT, Portland, OR, Seattle, WA. 

Northern: Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, Duluth, MN, Minneapolis, MN.St. Louis, MO, Pembina, ND, Cleveland, 

OH, Milwaukee, WI. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent 

of the coal in these categories in place as of a certain 

date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 

28 inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous 

coal 60 inches or more thick that occur at depths to 

1,000 feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more 

thick that can be surface mined. Includes also thinner 

and/or deeper beds that presently are being mined or 

for which there is evidence that they could be mined 

commercially at this time. Represents that portion of 

the identified coal resource from which reserves are 

calculated. 

Depletion: The subtraction of both the tonnage produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified 

resources to determine the remaining tonnage as of a 

certain time. 

Depletion Factor: The multiplier applied to the tonnage 

produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes 

into account both the tonnage recovered and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion factor is the 

reciprocal of the recovery factor in relation to a given 

quantity of production. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the 

year. Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in production, preparation, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management, and 

technical or engineering work. Excludes office workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours. 

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of 

the petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation operations. Included are products known as 

No.l, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils and No.l, No.2, and 

No.4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space heating, 

on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel (including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), 

and electric power generation. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

entry dug to a coalbed in a hillside. 

Dry (Coal) Basis: Coal quality data calculated to a theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated with 

the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the 

weight loss of a sample when its inherent moisture is 

driven off under controlled conditions of low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just above the 

boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees centigrade). 

Electricity: A form of energy generated by friction, 

induction, or chemical change that is caused by the 

presence and motion of elementary charged particles 

of which matter consists. 

Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy or transforming other forms of energy into 

electric energy. Also the amount of electric energy 

produced or expressed in watthours (Wh). 

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by the generating station or stations, measured at the generator terminals. 

260 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Electricity Generation, Net: Gross generation less electricity consumed at the generating plant for station use. 

Electricity required for pumping at pumped-storage 

plants is regarded as plant use and is deducted from 

gross generation. 

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for 

converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy. 

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that owns 

and/or operates facilities within the United States, its 

territories or Puerto Rico for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric energy primarily 

for use by the public and files forms listed in the Code 

of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141. Facilities 

that qualify as cogenerators or small power producers 

under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act 

(PURPA) and exempt wholesale generators under Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not considered electric 

utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer. 

Electric Utility Sector: The electric utility sector consists of privately and publicly owned establishments 

that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity 

primarily for use by the public and that meet the definition of an electric utility. Nonutility power producers are not included in the electric utility sector. 

Emissions: The pollutants dischaged into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. For coal-burning plants, these 

emissions are primarily Carbon Dioxide ( COi), Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide ( S02)-

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by 

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the 

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). 

Energy has several forms, some of which are easily 

convertible and can be changed to another form useful 

for work. Most of the world's convertible energy 

comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat 

that is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical 

or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical 

energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while 

heat energy is usually measured in British thermal units. 

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of 

heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process. 

Exports: Shipments of goods from the 50 States and 

the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto 

Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions 

and territories. 

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the boiling 

point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on the scale 

and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above zero at 

standard atmospheric pressure. 

F.A.S. Value: Free alongside ship value. The value of 

a commodity at the port of exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in 

placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the 

port of exportation in the country of exportation. 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERQ: A 

quasi-independent regulatory agency within the Department of Energy having jurisdiction over interstate 

electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric 

licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas 

pipeline certification. 

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Government in exchange for royalties and other revenues. 

Federal Power Act: Enacted in 1920, and amended in 

1935,'the Act consists of three parts. The first part 

incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission, whose 

activities were confined almost entirely to licensing 

non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II and III 

were added with the passage of the Public Utility Act. 

These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include 

regulating the interstate transmission of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale in interstate 

commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law. 

Federal Power Commission: The predecessor agency 

of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The 

Federal Power Commission (FPC) was created by an 

Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act 

on June 10, 1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. 

The FPC was abolished on September 20, 1977, when 

the Department of Energy was created. The functions 

of the FPC were divided between the Department of 

Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 

FERC:The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 

Fixed Carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus 

the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than 

ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the total 

carbon that remains when coal is heated in a closed 

vessel until all volatile matter is driven off. 

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit (Scrubber): Equipment 

used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion 

gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Chemicals, such as lime, are used as the scrubbing media. 

Flue Gas Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler 

plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate 

collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanEnergy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 261 
ical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses), 

and wet scrubbers. 

F.O.B. Mine Price: The free on board mine price. This 

is the price paid for coal at the mining operation site. 

It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs. 

Foreign-Controlled Firms: Foreign-controlled firms are 

U.S. coal producers with more than 50 percent of their 

stock or assets owned by a foreign firm. 

Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation: Electric generation in 

which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by highpressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from burning fossil fuels. 

Geothermal Energy: Energy from the internal heat of 

the Earth, which may be residual heat, friction heat, 

or a result of radioactive decay. The heat is found in 

rocks and fluids at various depths and can be extracted 

by drilling and/or pumping. 

Greenhouse Effect: The increasing mean global surface 

temperature of the earth caused by gases in the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The greenhouse 

effect allows solar radiation to penetrate but absorbs 

the infrared radiation returning to space. 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of 

goods and services produced by labor and property in 

the United States. As long as the labor and property 

are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, 

the workers and, for property, the owners) may be 

either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries. 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: 

The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 

is used to convert nominal figures to real figures. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance 

to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still 

used in very small-tonnage mines. 

High-Volatile A Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous coal. 

High-Volatile B Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous coal. 

High-Volatile C Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous coal. 

High-Volatile (specific sub-group unknown): See 

Bituminous coal. 

Hydroelectric Power: The harnessing of flowing water 

to produce mechanical or electrical energy. 

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the 

District of Columbia from foreign countries and from 

Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories. 

Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining company 

to produce coal from Indian lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained by direct 

negotiatian with the Indians, but subject to approval 

and administration by the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector comprises manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to companies 

assembling electronic components. The SIC codes 

used to classify establishments as industrial are 1 

through 39. 

Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is the range 

within which the middle 50 percent of observations 

are concentrated. See Appendix D, Section 

"Interquartile Range". 

Jet Fuel: The term includes kerosene-type jet fuel and 

naphtha-type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a 

kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphthatype jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphthas range used 

primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft 

engines. 

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered from 

gas well gas (associated and non-associated) in lease 

separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons. 

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with high 

inherent moisture and volatile matter (used almost exclusively for electric power generation). Similar coal 

in Europe and Australia are also referred to as brown 

coal. Comprises two groups classified according to the 

following ASTM Specifiaction D-388-91a for calorific 

values on a moist mineral-matter-free basis: 

Limits Btu/lb. 

GE LT 

Lignit e A 6300 8300 

Lignit e B - 6300 

GE = Greater than or equal to 

LT = Less than 

Lignit e i s non-agglomerating. 

Lignite A: See Lignite. 

262 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Lignite B: See Lignite. 

Longwall Mining: A form of underground coal mining 

which is gaining in importance in the United States 

and can be used at greater depths than room-and-pillar 

mining. In longwall mining, a cutting machine is pulled 

back and forth across a panel of coal 300 to 600 feet 

wide and as much as a mile long, with the broken coal 

moved by conveyor. Longwall mining is done under 

movable roof supports that are advanced as the bed is 

cut. The roof in the mined-out area is allowed to fall 

as the mining advances. 

Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous coal. 

Major Coal Producing States: Any State that produces 

more than 12 million short tons of coal during the year. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or semifinished) products. Includes coal used for gasification/ 

liquifaction. 

Medium-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous 

Coal. 

Merchant Coke Plant: A coke plant where coke is produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open) market. 

Meta-Anthracite: See Anthracite. 

Metallurgical Coal: Coal that meets the requirements 

for making coke. It must be low in ash and sulfur and 

form a coke that is capable of supporting the charge 

of iron ore and limestone in a blast furnace. A blend 

of two or more bituminous coals is usually required to 

make coke. 

Metric Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6 pounds. 

Mine Type:See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Mineral-Matter-Free Basis: Mineral matter in coal is 

the parent material in coal from which ash is derived, 

and which comes from minerals present in the original 

plant materials that formed the coal, or from extraneous 

sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water is called the mineral matter. Mineral 

matter in coal cannot be analytically determined and 

is commonly calculated using data on ash and ashforming constituents. Coal analyses are calculated to 

the mineral-matter-free basis by adjusting formulas 

used in calculations in order to deduct the weight of 

mineral matter from the total coal. 

Moist (Coal) Basis: "Moist*' coal contains its natural 

inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water 

adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a 

moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to describe 

the data when the coal contains only that moisture 

which exists in the bed in its natural state of deposition, 

and when the coal has not lost any moisture due to 

drying. 

Naphtha: A genetic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximate boiling range between 122 

and 400 degrees fahrenheit. 

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbons and small 

quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the 

gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs. 

Natural Gas (Dry): The marketable portion of natural 

gas production, which is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas liquids removed 

at natural gas processing plants, from total production. 

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas liquids 

recovered from natural gas in processing plants and, 

in some situations, from natural gas field facilities, as 

well as those extracted by fractionators. Natural gas 

plant liquids are defined according to the published 

specifications of the Gas Processors Association and 

the American Society for Testing and Materials as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, 

pentanes plus, and other products from natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting the standards for 

finished petroleum products produced at natural gas 

processing plants, such as finished motor gasoline, finished avaiation gasoline, special naphthas, kerosene, 

distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products). 

Nitrogen Oxide: NOx. A gas formed in hightemperature environments when nitrogen and oxygen 

are present together. This typically occurs in a combustion chamber such as those in fossil-fuel burning 

electric utilities. Nitrogen oxide emissions are a contributor to acid rain. 

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service 

at the time of the transaction. The nominal price, which 

is expressed in current dollars, is not adjusted to remove 

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the 

dollar. 

Nonutility Power Producers: A corporation, person, 

agency, authority, or other legal entity or 

instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity 

and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying smallpower producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without a designated franchised service area and which do not file 

forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 

18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.) 

Nuclear Electric Power: Electricity generated by an 

electric power plant whose turbines are driven by 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 263 
steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning 

of nuclear fuel. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). If a mine 

is mining coal across two counties within a State, or 

across two States, then it is counted as two operations. 

This is done so that EIA can separate production by 

State and county. 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants with greater 

than 5,000 total direct labor hours. Mining operations 

that consist of a mine and preparation plant or a preparation plant only will be counted as two operations, 

if the preparation plant processes both underground 

and surface coal. Exluded are silt, culm, refuse bank, 

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a 

small group of businesses as a separate and specific 

business or project for the mutual benefit of the members of the group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in 

the agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Other Unions: See Union Type. 

Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Petroleum: Petroleum includes residential and distillate 

fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum fuels, excluding petroleum coke. 

Petroleum Coke: A residue that is the final product of 

the condensation process in cracking. The product is 

either marketable petroleum coke or catalyst petroleum coke. 

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the processing of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical 

feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous 

products. 

Photovoltiac and Solar Thermal Energy (as used at electric utilities): Energy radiated by the sun as electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation) that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by means of 

solar (photovoltiac) cells or concentrating (focusing) 

collectors. 

Preparation Plant: A mining facility at which coal is 

crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks: Producer and 

distributor coal stocks consist of coal held in stock by 

producers/distributors at the end of a reporting period. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during 

a period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment 

are available, and that the market exists for the maximum production. 

Quadrillion Btu: 101 5 Btu. 

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove 

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the 

dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant 

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base 

year. 

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines: The quantity of 

coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing 

coal reserves, as reported on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from 

the accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

from previously mined coal. It may also be known as 

a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or 

dredge operation. 

264 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
Report Year: The calendar year beginning at 12:00 a.m. 

January 1 and ending at 11:59 p.m. December 31. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal deposits at 

active, producing mines as of the end of the year, as 

reported on Form EIA-7A. wholesale dealers); health 

institutions (hospitals); social and educational institutions (schools and universities); and Federal, State, and 

local governments (military installations, prisons, office 

buildings). 

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after 

the distillate fuel oils and and lighter hydrocarbons are 

distilled away in refinery operations and that conform 

to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975. Included are 

No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy 

Special, for use in steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore power plants; and No. 6, 

which includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for commercial and industrial heating, electricity generation, 

and to power ships. Imports of residual fuel oil include 

imported crude oil burned as fuel. 

Room-and-Pillar Mining: The most common method 

of underground mining in which the mine roof is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular intervals. 

Rooms are places where the coal is mined; pillars are 

areas of coal left between the rooms. Room-and-pillar 

mining is done either by conventional or continuous 

mining. 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated 

share of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate increases by steps as the average production 

on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is 

based on average production and applies to all production from the lease. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/ 

or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal 

sold, and coal added to stockpiles. 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a 

tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated 

bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end 

loader. 

Semianthracite: See Anthracite. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2 thousand pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle 

cars as opposed to conveyors. 

SIC: See Standard Industrial Classification. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing 

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. 

Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short 

ton. Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal, (see refuse mine.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry 

is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which 

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as 

heat or electricity. 

Solar Thermal Collector: A devise designed to receive 

solar radiation and convert it into thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar thermal collector 

may be used immediately or stored for later use. 

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of codes 

developed by the Office of Management and Budget 

which categorizes industries to groups with similar 

economic activities. 

Steam Coal: All noncoking coal. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks 

maintained by the Federal Government for use during 

periods of major supply interruption. 

Strip (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain 

to recover coal by mining long strips successively. The 

material excavated from the strip being mined is deposited in the strip previously mined. 

Subbituminous Coal: A dull black coal of rank intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of 

Energy Information Adminlstratlon/Coal Industry Annual 1993 265 
subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B coal, and 

subbituminous C coal, classified according to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a on a moist 

mineral-matter-free basis: 

Calorific 

Value 

Limits 

Btu/lb. 

GE LT 

Subbituminou s A Coal 10500 11500 

Subbituminou s B Coal 9500 10500 

Subbituminou s C Coal 8300 9500 

GE = Greater than or equal to 

LT = Less than 

Subbituminous coal i s non-agglomerating. 

Subbituminous A Coal: See Subbituminous Coal. 

Subbituminous B Coal: See Subbituminous Coal. 

Subbituminous C Coal: See Subbituminous Coal. 

Sulfur: One of the elements present in varying quantities 

in coal that contributes to environmental degradation 

when coal is burned. In terms of sulfur content by 

weight, coal is generally classified as low (less than or 

equal to one percent), medium (greater than one percent and less than or equal to three percent), and high 

(greater than three percent). Sulfur content is measured 

as a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or 

a "dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory 

analysis) basis. 

Sulfur Dioxide: SOj- A caustic, corrosive gas that is a 

by-product of combustion and emissions from fossilfuel burning electric utility plants. The primary agent 

in the production of acid rain. 

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance 

that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, 

increases the volume available for disposition. Such 

substances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, 

refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured 

gas, biomass gas, or air or inert gases added for Btu 

stabilization. 

Surface Mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually 

within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and 

rock above or around the coal (overburden) is removed 

to expose the coalbed, which is then mined with surface 

excavation equipment such as draglines, power shovels, 

bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may also be known 

as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for transportation by rail or truck. 

Transportation Sector: The transportation sector consists of private and public vehicles that move people 

and commodities. Included are automobiles, trucks, 

buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways (including 

streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and natural gas pipelines. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to 

reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined 

tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery processing, except those requiring only mechanical blend-

• ing. Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and 

light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum. 

Union Type: Union type consists of United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), and the following "Other 

Union" types: Southern Labor Union (SLU), Appalachian Miners of America (AMA), Scotia Employees 

Association (SEA), International Union of Operation 

Engineers (IUOE), Utility Workers of America 

(UWA), Progressive Mine Workers Association 

(PMWA), International Brotherhood of Electrical 

Workers (IBEW), International Chemical Workers 

Union (ICWU), Redstone Workers Association 

(RWA), Chariton Valley Independent Union (CVIU), 

American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial 

Organization (AFL-CIO), Labors International 

(LABO), Crow Hollow Miners (CROW), Coal Strippers (COAL), United Steel Workers (USW), Independent Miners Association (IMA), Independent Union 

(INUN), Independence Miners, Brokers, and Truckers 

Association (IMBT), Council of Southern Mountains 

(CSM), International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 

Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers Union 

(TEAM), Thompson Creek Workers Association 

(TCWA), United Brotherhood of Clay Workers 

(UBCW), Wilmot Employees Independent Union 

(WEIU), Independent Strip Miners Union (ISMU), Independent Miners (IM), Independent Workers (IW), 

Coal Strippers Union (CSU), Independent Miners 

Union (IMU), Independent Coal Workers (ICW), Independent Strip Mining Workers (ISMW), Independent Strip Union (ISU), Association of Bituminous 

Contractors (ABC), Arch Minerals Employees Association (AMEA), United Paperworkers International 

Union (UPIU), Welch Miners Union (WMU), Falcon 

Coal Employees Association (FCEA), Justus Employees Association (JEA), International Construction 

Union (ICU), Brotherhood of Miners (BOM), Western 

Energy Workers (WEW), Carlin Independent Union 

(CIU), International Association of United Workers 

Union (IAWU), and Stove, Furnace and Allied Appliance Workers International Union of N. A. (SFAW). 

266 Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 
U.S. Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to 

foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly Report EM 545". 

U.S. Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped to 

the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department 

of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report 

IM 145". 

Wind Energy (as used at electric utilities): The kinetic 

energy of wind converted at electric utilities into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades rotating 

from the hub) that drive generators to produce electricity for distribution. 

Wood and Waste (as used at electric utilities): Wood 

energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and other industrial, agricultural; and urban refuse used to generate 

electricity for distribution. 

Volatile Matter: Those products, exclusive of moisture, 

given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter 

is determined by heating the coal to 950 degrees centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and measuring the weight loss, excluding weight of moisture 

driven off at 105 degrees centigrade. 

Energy Information Administration/Coal Industry Annual 1993 267 
dkksiiiH®in 

Kindergarten 

Through 

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This brochure contains a listing of 

free or low-cost energy-related 

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Call the National Energy 

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ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1994 386-802/00 0