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  提起法律訴訟

                      
                        

          
          
                        提起法律訴訟
              


          
  **註**:聯邦雇員和求職者有不同的投訴程序.

提出指控和起訴權通知

如果您打算根據聯邦法律提起訴訟,指控基於種族、膚色、宗教、性別(包括懷孕、性別認同和性取向)、國籍、年齡(40 歲或以上)、殘障、遺傳信息的歧視,或報復,你必須先向平等就業機會委員會EEOC提出指控(根據《同工同酬法》提起的訴訟除外,見下文)。

在 EEOC 結束調查時,我們會向您提供起訴權通知。如果希望在調查完成之前向法院提起訴訟,您可以向調查您指控的 EEOC 辦公室申請起訴權通知(見下文)。有了本通知您就有權向您在聯邦或州法院提起訴訟。

您有 90 天向法院提起訴訟

收到起訴權通知後,您必須在 90 天內提起訴訟。這個期限是由法律規定的。如果不及時提交,您可能無法繼續提起訴訟。

提起訴訟的例外情況

年齡歧視訴訟 (ADEA)

如果打算提出年齡歧視的法律訴訟,必須先提出指控,但不需要起訴權通知書就可以在法庭上提起訴訟。只要在提出指控之日起 60 天后(但不得遲於收到我們的調查結束通知後 90 天),您可以隨時向法院提起訴訟。

同工同酬訴訟 (EPA)

如果打算根據《同工同酬法》提起訴訟,就不需要在提起訴訟前提出指控或獲得起訴權通知。相反的,您可以直接上法庭,前提是,您在薪資歧視發生之日起兩年內提起訴訟(如果歧視是故意的,則有 3 年的期限)。

第七章(Title VII)還禁止在支付薪資和福利時基於性別的歧視。如果您依照《同工同酬法》提出指控,根據第七章提出訴訟可能更有利。要在法庭上提起 Title VII 訴訟,您必須已經向 EEOC 提出指控,並收到起訴權通知。

在調查完成前提起訴訟

如果您想在我們完成調查之前提起訴訟,可以申請起訴權通知。

如何申請起訴權通知**:**

如果已在 EEOC 的公共門戶網站上註冊,就可以通過此帳戶上傳起訴權通知請求。如果如果沒有在線的指控帳戶,請將起訴權通知請求發送到負責調查您控訴案件的 EEOC 辦公室,並附上您的 EEOC指控編號和涉事人姓名。

在提出指控的180 天之後:
	如果指控提出已超過 180 天,根據法律,我們必須在您要求時發出起訴權通知。

在提出指控的 180 天之前:
	如果少於 180 天,我們只會在無法在 180 天內完成調查時,才會向您發出通知。

如果您希望 EEOC 繼續調查您的指控,請勿申請起訴權通知。

平等就業機會委員會(EEOC)訴訟

在大多數情況下,平等就業機會委員會只有在調查,並且有合理理由相信歧視存在,並且無法因“調解”而解決問題後,才能提起訴訟執行法律。如果調解不成功,EEOC 可以自行決定對哪些指控提起訴訟,並對所有指控中的一小部分提起訴訟。在決定是否提起訴訟時,EEOC 會考慮證據的力度、案件中的問題以及訴訟對 EEOC 打擊工作場所歧視可能產生的全面影響等因素。而國會也賦予個人向法院提起訴訟的權利。

找專業律師協助提起訴訟

EEOC 辦公室可以為需要的人提供一份當地律師名單,這些律師已向 EEOC 表明其專長是勞動和就業法; EEOC不會推薦特定人選。

如果您正在考慮提起法律訴訟,可以參考下列律師組織名錄:

美國律師協會 -https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_services/
這是按州和法律問題組織的美國律師協會所推薦的服務目錄,。

全國就業法律師協會:http://exchange.nela.org/network/findalawyer
NELA 是一個全國性的專業律師組織,他們在就業法律案件中代表雇員。

公平工作場所組織:http://www.workplacefairness.org/find-attorney
它收錄了來自全美那些主要在就業訴訟案件中代表雇員的律師。
      
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