* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, e xcept under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and col lateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judg ments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and condi tions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

## F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit 

### FEB 1 1999 

### PATRICK FISHER Clerk UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

BENNY FRED HILL,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. MILTON GILLIAM,

Defendant-Appellee. No. 98-6138 (D.C. No. 97-CV-784) (W.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before TACHA , BARRETT , and MURPHY , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, th is panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). T he case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.-2-

Plaintiff Benny Fred Hill, proceeding pro se, broug ht this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Milton Gilliam, Executi ve Revocation Administrator of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections. While H ill was on parole from his prison sentence for a murder conviction, Gilliam de termined that there was probable cause that Hill had violated his parole be cause he had been arrested on a public intoxication charge. On this basis, Gilli am issued a parole violator warrant. Hill was taken into custody on the warran t, and his parole was revoked. Hill alleges that Gilliam violated his rights underthe fourth, eighth and fourteenth amendments because he issued the warrant without pr obable cause. After Gilliam filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) and (6) and/or for summary judgment (and Hill filed a reply), the magistrate judge recommended that the complaint be dismissed or summ ary judgment be granted on a variety of grounds: (1) because Hill was cont esting the validity of his parole revocation and return to confinement, the action wa s premature because he had to first obtain appropriate habeas corpus relief as required by Heck v. Humphrey , 512 U.S. 477, 486-87 (1994); (2) the action was bar red by the applicable two-year statute of limitations; (3) the action was void of factual merit, Hill’s civil rights had not been violated, and the action was legally f rivolous; and (4) Gilliam, who was sued only in his individual capacity, was entit led to qualified immunity. After considering Hill’s objections to the magistrate judge’s findings and1 We note that the dismissal on Heck grounds would be without prejudice.

See Fottler v. United States , 73 F.3d 1064, 1065-66 (10th Cir. 1996). -3- recommendations, the district court adopted the fin dings and recommendations, granted Gilliam’s motion to dismiss, and dismissed the complaint with prejudice. Hill appeals. While we generally agree with all of the district c ourt’s reasons for dismissing Hill’s complaint, 1 we discuss only the statute of limitations issue i n resolving this appeal. We view the district court’ s decision to dismiss on statute of limitations grounds as a dismissal under Rule 12 (b)(6), and we review that decision de novo. See Chemical Weapons Working Group, Inc. v. United States Dep’t of the Army , 111 F.3d 1485, 1490 (10th Cir. 1997). Because § 1983 does not contain its own statute of limitation, courts rely on analogous state statutes for determining the limitations period. See Hardin v. Straub , 490 U.S. 536, 538 (1989). Under Oklahoma law, th at period is two years from the time the action accrues. See Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(3); Meade v. Grubbs , 841 F.2d 1512, 1522 (10th Cir. 1988). An action accrues in a § 1983 case when “the plaintiff knows or should have known that his or her constitutional rights have been violated.” Smith v. City of Enid ex rel. Enid City Comm’n , 149 F.3d 1151, 1154 (10th Cir. 1998) (quotation o mitted).-4-

The act giving rise to Hill’s complaint was Gilliam ’s signing the parole violator warrant on January 31, 1995. Hill did notfile his complaint until May 13, 1997, more than two years later. Citing Hardin , Hill contends that, as a prisoner, he is under a legal disability and t hat Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 96 allows him a one-year period after removal of his disabili ty--which has not yet happened, since he is still in prison--to bring this action. As the district court noted, however, Hardin merely held that a Michigan state law that tolled limitations periods for prisoners should be applied to a § 1983 action brought in Michigan. See 490 U.S. at 543-44. It did not hold that all § 19 83 actions were tolled for prisoners regardless of applicable state law. Cf. id. at 544 (“[A] State reasonably could decide that there is no need to enact a tolli ng statute applicable to [prisoner § 1983] suits.”). Neither Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 9 6 nor any other provision of Oklahoma law provides that limitations periods be t olled for prisoners. Hill’s argument is therefore without merit, and the distri ct court correctly found his complaint barred by the statute of limitations. Alternatively, Hill contends that the limitations p eriod should be tolled because he was under a legal disability due to his mental illness and that his cause of action was not reasonably discoverable until the public intoxication violation on which the warrant was based was expunged by the municipal court in 1996. Although he included these arguments in his objecti ons to the magistrate judge’s-5-

findings and recommendation, he did not raise them earlier. The arguments are therefore waived. See Marshall v. Chater , 75 F.3d 1421, 1426-27 (10th Cir. 1996). We conclude that this appeal is frivolous or fails to state a claim under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(I) or (ii) for purposes o f counting “prior occasions” under § 1915(g). The appeal is DISMISSED. The man date shall issue forthwith.

Entered for the Court

Michael R. Murphy Circuit Judge