U.S. flag
        An official website of the United States government
          Here’s how you know
        Here’s how you know**Official websites use .gov**
              
                A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
        **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
              
                A **lock** (
              A locked padlock
              ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
                information only on official, secure websites.  首页
                    *U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission*

      search
      Menu
      Any of these words (optional)
Search

    close
            About EEOC
          
                        
  
    **About EEOC**
                        Overview
                                  The Commission and The General Counsel
                                  Commission Votes
                                  Meetings of the Commission
                                  EEOC History
                                  **News and Information**
                        Newsroom
                                  What You Should Know
                                  Legislative Affairs
                                  Publications
                                  Outreach and Education
                                  FOIA
              **Laws and Enforcement**
                        Laws, Regulations, Guidance and MOUs
                                  Discrimination by Type
                                  Mediation
                                  Litigation
                                  Systemic Enforcement
                                  Commissioner Charges and Directed Investigations
              **Programs and Performance**
                        Budget and Performance
                                  Initiatives
                                  Interagency Programs
                                  State and Local Programs
                                  Task Forces
                                  Tribal Programs
              **Data and Analytics**
                        Overview
                                  Data Governance
                                  EEO Data Collections
                                  Data and Statistics
                                  Data Tools and Products
                                  No FEAR Act Data
                                  **Inside EEOC**
                        Careers
                                  Office for Civil Rights, Diversity and Inclusion
                                  Doing Business with EEOC
                                  Privacy
                                  Office of Inspector General
          
                                            
  
      
                  
                        Employees & Job Applicants
          
                        
  
    **Employees & Applicants**
                        Overview
                                  Coverage
                                  Timeliness
                                  Prohibited Practices
              **Filing a Charge of Discrimination**
                        Filing a Charge
                                  How to File
                                  After You File a Charge
                                  Confidentiality
                                  Mediation
                                  Remedies
                                  Existing Charges
                                  Filing a Lawsuit
              **Discrimination by Type**
                        Age
                                  Disability
                                  Equal Pay
                                  Genetic Information
                                  Harassment
                                  National Origin Discrimination
                                  Pregnancy Discrimination
                                  Race/Color Discrimination
                                  Religious Discrimination
                                  Retaliation
                                  Sex
                                  Sexual Harassment
                                  Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
          
                                  
  
      
                  
                        Employers / Small Business
          
                        
  
    **Employers / Small Business**
                        Overview
                                  Coverage
                                  After a Charge is Filed
                                  Resolving a Charge
                                  Commissioner Charges and Directed Investigations
                                  Remedies
              **Small Business Resource Center**
                        Small Business Home
                                  Small Business Requirements
                                  Frequently Asked Questions
                                  Tips for Small Businesses
                                  Making an Employment Decision?
                                  EEOC Resources
                                  Small Business Assistance
                                  Small Business Fact Sheet
                                  Small Business Videos
                                  EEOC Glossary
                                  Contact Us
              **Discrimination by Type**
                        Age
                                  Disability
                                  Equal Compensation
                                  Genetic Information
                                  Harassment
                                  National Origin
                                  Pregnancy
                                  Race/Color
                                  Religion
                                  Retaliation
                                  Sex
                                  Sexual Harassment
                                  Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
                                  Prohibited Practices
              Recordkeeping
                                  EEO Data Collections
                                  "Know Your Rights" Poster
                                  Training
                                  Other Employment Issues
          
                                            
  
      
                  
                        Federal Sector
          
                        
  
    **Federal Agencies**
                        Overview
                                  Federal EEO Coordination
                                  Federal Agency EEO Directors
                                  Laws, Regulations, Guidance & MOUs
                                  Management Directives & Federal Sector Guidance
                                  Federal Training & Outreach
                                  Resources
              **Federal Employees & Job Applicants**
                        Overview
                                  Federal Complaint Process
                                  Federal Sector Alternative Dispute Resolution
                                  Discrimination by Type
                                  Other Federal Protections
                                  Prohibited Practices
                                  Resources
          
                        
  
      
                  
                        Contact Us
          
                        
  
    Contact EEOC
                                  Find Your Nearest Office
                                  Office Operating Status
                                  Frequently Asked Questions

        
                  语言
    English
              Español (Spanish)
                    Resources in Other Languages
                    عربي (Arabic)
              简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified)
              繁體中文 - Chinese (Traditional)
              Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)
              한국어 (Korean)
              Русском (Russian)
              Tagalog (Tagalog)
              Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)
              فارسی (Persian. Farsi)
              پښتو (Pashto)
          

  

  Breadcrumb
Home
  简体中文信息
  怀孕歧视

                      
                        

          
          
                        怀孕歧视
              


          
怀孕歧视是指因怀孕、分娩或与怀孕或分娩有关的疾病而对妇女(求职者或雇员)以对其不利的方式来待之。

怀孕歧视和工作情况

法律禁止因为妇女怀孕而在就业的任何方面存在歧视,包括雇佣、解雇、工资、工作分配、晋升、裁员、培训、附加福利(例如休假和健康保险)和任何其他雇佣条款或条件。

怀孕歧视和暂时失能

如果一名妇女由于怀孕或分娩的疾病而暂时不能履行其工作,雇主或其他适用的实体必须以对待任何其他暂时失能雇员的方式对待她。例如,如果雇主为其他暂时失能雇员安排较轻松的工作、替代任务、病假或无薪假期,则其可能必须对怀孕雇员做同样的事情。

此外,根据《美国残疾人法(ADA)》,怀孕(例如妊娠糖尿病或先兆子痫前期,表现出妊娠高血压和尿蛋白质特征的病状)造成的身体损害可视为残疾。在没有太大困难(重大困难或费用)的情况下,雇主可能必须为怀孕性残疾提供合理便利条件(例如休假或使雇员能够履行其工作的调整)。2008年《美国残疾人法修正案》颁布后,证明某种病状属于法律适用的残疾容易多了。《美国残疾人法》的有关更多信息,请参见https://www.eeoc.gov/zh-hans/canjiqishi。《美国残疾人法修正案》的有关更多信息,请参见https://www.eeoc.gov/regulations-related-disability-discrimination。

怀孕歧视与骚扰

因怀孕、分娩或与怀孕或分娩有关的疾病而骚扰妇女是非法的。如果骚扰很频繁或严重,从而在工作环境中造成不利于当事人的雇佣决定(如受害者被解雇或降职),则骚扰是非法的。骚扰者可以是受害者的主管、其他方面的主管、同事或不是雇主员工的人,例如客户或顾客。

怀孕、产假和育儿假

根据《PDA》,允许暂时残疾雇员休伤残假或无薪假的雇主,必须允许因怀孕而暂时残疾的雇员也休这样的假。

在确定雇员工作能力的特殊程序中,雇主不得挑选与怀孕有关的情况作为依据。但是,如果雇主要求其雇员提交关于其工作能力的医生声明,然后再准予休假或支付病假福利,雇主可以要求受怀孕相关疾病影响的雇员提交此类声明。

此外,根据1993年《家庭和医疗休假法》(FMLA),刚有孩子的父母(包括养父母和领养孩子的父母)有资格享受12周的假期(无薪或带薪,如果雇员享受或累积了这类假期),照顾新来的子女。雇员必须在休假前为雇主工作满12个月,并且雇主的雇员人数必须达到指定人数,才能符合休假条件。请参见http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs28.htm。

怀孕和工作场所法律

根据美国劳工部执行的《家庭和医疗休假法(FMLA)》,怀孕雇员可享有额外的权利。根据美国劳工部工资和工时司执行的《公平劳动标准法》的规定,哺乳期母亲也有权在工作场所挤奶。请参见http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs73.htm。

有关《家庭医疗休假法》或哺乳母亲休息时间的更多信息,请访问http://www.dol.gov/whd,或拨打202-693-0051或1-866-487-9243(语音)、202-693-7755(TTY)。
      
              翻译此页面
    عربي (Arabic)简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified)EnglishKreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)한국어 (Korean)Русском (Russian)Español (Spanish)Tagalog (Tagalog)Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)
适用的雇主

15名或更多雇员



时限

180天提起指控*(可依州法律延长)*

联邦雇员有45天时间与平等就业机会顾问联系



有关详细信息,请参见:

怀孕歧视的有关情况
	联邦法律规定的怀孕雇员合法权利
	帮助患者处理与怀孕相关的局限性和工作限制
	适用于受寨卡病毒影响的雇员的平等就业机会法律
	1964年《民权法》第七条
	法规:29 C.F.R.第1604部分
	政策与指导
	统计资料Return to top

  EEOC Logo, Image
            U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

          EEOC Headquarters
              131 M Street, NE
Washington, DC 205071-800-669-6820 (TTY)1-844-234-5122 (ASL Video Phone)

        Questions?

Call 1-800-669-4000
For Deaf/Hard of Hearing callers:1-800-669-6820 (TTY)1-844-234-5122 (ASL Video Phone)info@eeoc.govFind your nearest EEOC officeFrequently Asked Questions
          Connect With Us

  FOIA
      
    
                      Privacy Policy
      
    
                      Disclaimer
      
    
                      Accessibility
      
    
                      Office of Inspector General
      
    
                      Promoting Access to Voting
      
    
                      USA.gov