All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

All Buildings .............................................. 4,657 67,338 81,852 14.5 823 60

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 2,348 6,774 11,125 2.9 609 57

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 1,110 8,238 10,968 7.4 751 53

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 708 11,153 11,378 15.7 980 65

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 257 9,311 9,243 36.2 1,007 78

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 145 10,112 12,777 69.9 791 80

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 59 8,271 8,856 139.4 934 90

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 23 6,851 8,798 296.3 779 101

Over 500,000 ............................................... 7 6,628 8,707 929.0 761 110

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 327 8,651 8,927 26.4 969 50

Food Sales .................................................. 174 994 980 5.7 1,014 118

Food Service ............................................... 349 1,851 4,031 5.3 459 84

Health Care ................................................. 127 2,918 6,219 22.9 469 66

 Inpatient ..................................................... 11 1,865 3,350 168.2 557 165

 Outpatient .................................................. 116 1,053 2,869 9.1 367 56

Lodging ........................................................ 153 4,521 2,356 29.5 1,919 150

Mercantile .................................................... 667 10,398 11,384 15.6 913 65

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 534 4,766 4,668 8.9 1,021 62

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 133 5,631 6,716 42.2 838 77

Office ........................................................... 739 12,044 28,969 16.3 416 53

Public Assembly .......................................... 305 4,393 3,147 14.4 1,396 54

Public Order and Safety .............................. 72 1,168 1,702 16.2 686 95

Religious Worship ....................................... 307 3,405 1,654 11.1 2,059 29

Service ........................................................ 478 3,388 4,554 7.1 744 63

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 603 10,477 6,216 17.4 1,685 49

Other ............................................................ 102 1,222 1,453 12.0 841 49

Vacant ......................................................... 253 1,908 261 7.6 Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 419 4,034 3,911 9.6 1,031 46

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 499 6,445 5,925 12.9 1,088 52

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 763 9,127 9,832 12.0 928 52

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 665 10,866 12,886 16.3 843 63

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 774 11,840 15,842 15.3 747 64

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 846 13,931 19,828 16.5 703 69

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 690 11,094 13,628 16.1 814 64

Floors

One .............................................................. 2,879 26,800 29,908 9.3 896 58

Two .............................................................. 1,168 16,985 18,749 14.5 906 61

Three ........................................................... 420 8,928 9,545 21.3 935 60

Four to Nine ................................................. 178 10,180 15,069 57.2 676 85

Ten or More ................................................. 11 4,445 8,582 386.9 518 97

Census Region and Division

Northeast ..................................................... 686 12,360 14,407 18.0 858 66

 New England ............................................. 208 3,735 3,889 18.0 960 59

 Middle Atlantic ........................................... 479 8,625 10,518 18.0 820 69

Midwest ....................................................... 1,188 16,761 18,279 14.1 917 56

 East North Central ..................................... 782 11,205 11,668 14.3 960 56

 West North Central .................................... 406 5,556 6,611 13.7 840 56

South ........................................................... 1,762 23,485 29,186 13.3 805 58

 South Atlantic ............................................ 748 11,001 14,051 14.7 783 57

 East South Central .................................... 396 5,220 5,908 13.2 884 65

 West South Central ................................... 618 7,264 9,226 11.8 787 56

West ............................................................ 1,021 14,731 19,981 14.4 737 62

 Mountain .................................................... 315 4,579 5,201 14.5 880 54

 Pacific ........................................................ 705 10,152 14,780 14.4 687 66

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 1
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7000 HDD ................................. 525 5,890 5,857 11.2 1,006 62

 5500-7000 HDD ........................................ 986 17,083 18,323 17.3 932 60

 4000-5499 HDD ........................................ 1,085 16,243 22,136 15.0 734 60

 Fewer than 4000 HDD ............................... 1,134 16,333 21,145 14.4 772 60

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4000 HDD ............................... 926 11,788 14,393 12.7 819 57

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 2,376 14,321 4,240 6.0 3,377 52

5 to 9 ............................................................ 807 6,325 5,313 7.8 1,190 60

10 to 19 ........................................................ 683 8,028 8,588 11.8 935 65

20 to 49 ........................................................ 487 10,814 14,098 22.2 767 74

50 to 99 ........................................................ 174 8,898 11,427 51.1 779 81

100 to 249 .................................................... 90 8,356 12,617 92.4 662 80

250 or More ................................................. 39 10,595 25,569 270.0 414 96

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 978 6,596 3,517 6.7 1,876 11

40 to 48 ........................................................ 1,156 13,105 15,619 11.3 839 43

49 to 60 ........................................................ 986 14,200 20,714 14.4 686 55

61 to 84 ........................................................ 664 12,458 16,147 18.7 772 74

85 to 167 ...................................................... 474 9,116 10,796 19.2 844 104

Open Continuously ...................................... 398 11,863 15,060 29.8 788 168

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned .............................. 4,135 54,994 67,787 13.3 811 60

 Owner Occupied ........................................ 2,801 37,785 46,555 13.5 812 63

 Nonowner Occupied .................................. 1,099 15,596 21,233 14.2 735 66

 Unoccupied ............................................... 236 1,613 0 6.8 0 0

Government Owned .................................... 521 12,343 14,065 23.7 878 57

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant ...................................... 140 953 0 6.8 0 0

Mostly Vacant .............................................. 113 956 261 8.5 Q Q

Partially Vacant ............................................ 697 15,520 20,518 22.3 756 53

Not At All Vacant ......................................... 3,707 49,910 61,073 13.5 817 65

Number of Establishments

One .............................................................. 3,528 43,343 48,677 12.3 890 63

2 to 5 ............................................................ 688 10,582 12,379 15.4 855 61

6 to 10 .......................................................... 114 3,574 6,580 31.4 543 73

11 to 20 ........................................................ 48 3,260 5,965 68.0 547 76

More than 20 ............................................... 27 4,811 8,251 175.2 583 77

Currently Unoccupied .................................. 251 1,769 0 7.0 0 0

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 4,395 65,716 81,768 15.0 804 62

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,670 45,525 56,264 17.1 809 65

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 434 13,285 19,583 30.6 678 68

District Heat ................................................. 117 5,891 8,654 50.2 681 83

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81

Propane ....................................................... 451 6,290 6,349 14.0 991 59

Wood ........................................................... 79 570 578 7.2 986 69

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar ............................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 69 1,563 2,578 22.7 606 56

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 2
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,880 32,291 43,236 17.2 747 65

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,380 37,902 45,992 15.9 824 63

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 377 5,611 6,542 14.9 858 61

District Heat ................................................. 96 5,534 8,116 57.7 682 79

Propane ....................................................... 307 2,728 2,428 8.9 1,123 51

Wood ........................................................... 66 377 338 5.7 1,115 70

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar ............................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Other ............................................................ 26 409 760 15.8 538 50

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 1,128 17,627 25,423 15.6 693 70

Natural Gas ................................................. 2,189 32,729 39,164 15.0 836 62

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 302 3,719 4,247 12.3 875 60

District Heat ................................................. 77 5,077 7,008 66.0 724 85

Propane ....................................................... 282 2,107 1,907 7.5 1,105 49

Wood ........................................................... Q Q Q Q Q Q

Coal ............................................................. Q Q Q Q Q Q

Solar............................................................. N N N N N N

Other ............................................................ Q Q Q Q Q Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 3,450 55,545 72,764 16.1 763 65

Natural Gas ................................................. 142 1,914 2,846 13.5 672 75

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81

Water-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 1,546 24,171 33,505 15.6 721 62

Natural Gas ................................................. 1,520 29,196 35,930 19.2 813 72

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 110 2,218 2,905 20.2 763 75

District Heat ................................................. 62 4,182 5,870 67.5 712 102

Propane ....................................................... 130 1,371 1,465 10.5 936 77

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 437 13,733 18,369 31.4 748 89

Natural Gas ................................................. 505 16,785 21,352 33.2 786 81

Propane ....................................................... 118 1,754 2,187 14.9 802 72

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 4,016 61,602 78,082 15.3 789 63

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 3,560 58,474 77,367 16.4 756 66

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 3,239 56,115 73,385 17.3 765 68

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 857 24,681 31,603 28.8 781 81

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 151 3,126 4,351 20.7 718 56

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 172 11,882 18,904 69.3 629 93

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 641 5,736 3,770 8.9 1,521 38

1 to 50 .......................................................... 576 7,593 5,239 13.2 1,449 57

51 to 99 ........................................................ 627 10,745 13,056 17.1 823 71

100 ............................................................... 2,813 43,264 59,787 15.4 724 63

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 3
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Percent of Floorspace Cooled

Not Cooled .................................................. 1,097 8,864 4,485 8.1 1,976 41

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,012 16,846 14,146 16.6 1,191 61

51 to 99 ........................................................ 751 16,966 23,833 22.6 712 73

100 ............................................................... 1,796 24,662 39,388 13.7 626 65

Percent Lit When Open

Zero ............................................................. 34 173 Q 5.1 3,151 92

1 to 50 .......................................................... 835 9,187 4,917 11.0 1,868 58

51 to 99 ........................................................ 1,228 20,665 28,668 16.8 721 67

100 ............................................................... 2,096 34,233 47,951 16.3 714 67

Building Never Open/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 464 3,080 261 6.6 11,787 10

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero ............................................................. 2,174 20,771 21,669 9.6 959 43

1 to 50 .......................................................... 1,688 30,950 41,943 18.3 738 61

51 to 100 ...................................................... 143 2,160 3,096 15.1 698 73

Building Never Closed/

 Electricity Not Used .................................... 652 13,457 15,143 20.7 889 108

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 492 8,923 12,616 18.1 707 63

Furnaces ...................................................... 1,460 14,449 15,845 9.9 912 54

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 894 17,349 19,140 19.4 906 61

District Heat ................................................. 96 5,534 8,116 57.7 682 79

Boilers ......................................................... 581 19,522 24,374 33.6 801 72

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 1,347 25,743 32,224 19.1 799 70

Other ............................................................ 185 4,073 7,008 22.1 581 75

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 676 8,329 10,136 12.3 822 59

Heat Pumps ................................................. 485 9,147 13,463 18.8 679 64

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 799 14,276 16,652 17.9 857 66

District Chilled Water ................................... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81

Central Chillers ............................................ 130 12,909 21,586 99.7 598 84

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 1,953 36,527 48,283 18.7 757 68

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 136 2,219 2,425 16.3 915 63

Other ............................................................ 49 1,312 1,838 26.7 714 61

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 984 13,220 16,913 13.4 782 64

Cooling ........................................................ 1,085 17,390 23,164 16.0 751 67

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may apply)

Incandescent ............................................... 2,193 38,156 49,616 17.4 769 67

Standard Fluorescent .................................. 3,778 60,344 77,862 16.0 775 65

Compact Fluorescent .................................. 607 20,666 30,075 34.1 687 76

High Intensity Discharge .............................. 430 19,223 21,658 44.8 888 73

Halogen ....................................................... 572 17,926 25,668 31.3 698 73

Other ............................................................ 58 1,004 1,393 17.5 720 73

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System ..................................... 2,472 35,579 45,136 14.4 788 68

Distributed System ...................................... 566 10,899 14,348 19.3 760 64

Combination of Centralized

 and Distributed System .............................. 200 9,637 13,902 48.1 693 84

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 4
All Buildings 

(thousand)

Total 

Floorspace 

(million 

square feet)

Total Workers 

in All 

Buildings 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Building 

(thousand)

Mean Square 

Feet per 

Worker

Mean Hours 

per Week

Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of 

Workers, and Hours of Operation, 1999

Personal Computers

None ............................................................ 1,617 9,583 4,785 5.9 2,003 48

1 to 4 ............................................................ 1,636 13,853 12,711 8.5 1,090 65

5 to 9 ............................................................ 542 6,528 7,485 12.0 872 62

10 to 19 ........................................................ 403 7,514 9,200 18.7 817 64

20 to 49 ........................................................ 247 8,087 9,668 32.7 836 76

50 to 99 ........................................................ 105 5,867 7,268 55.9 807 68

100 to 249 .................................................... 71 6,818 9,574 96.0 712 77

250 or More ................................................. 36 9,088 21,162 252.4 429 89

Photocopiers

None ............................................................ 2,825 21,631 18,897 7.7 1,145 57

One .............................................................. 1,114 12,928 12,963 11.6 997 62

2 to 4 ............................................................ 540 15,620 16,785 28.9 931 68

5 to 9 ............................................................ 102 5,384 8,217 52.6 655 68

10 or More ................................................... 75 11,774 24,991 156.7 471 79

Other Electronic Equipment

(more than one may apply)

Laser Printers .............................................. 1,949 46,567 66,979 23.9 695 66

FAX Machines ............................................. 2,807 54,764 74,706 19.5 733 68

Medical Diagnostic Equipment .................... 86 2,493 5,625 29.1 443 61

Energy-Related Space Functions

(more than one may apply)

Commercial Food Preparation .................... 767 23,328 30,350 30.4 769 82

Activities with Large

 Amounts of Hot Water ................................ 698 21,793 25,850 31.2 843 91

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 2,130 38,193 49,935 17.9 765 64

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 1,283 29,915 43,137 23.3 694 65

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 550 19,387 30,546 35.3 635 75

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 567 21,256 32,923 37.5 646 77

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 2,786 53,395 71,290 19.2 749 68

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 460 21,613 31,767 47.0 680 76

Lighting Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Specular Reflectors ..................................... 843 19,994 28,787 23.7 695 72

Electronic Ballasts ....................................... 2,167 42,035 55,879 19.4 752 68

Skylights or Atriums ..................................... 580 18,286 21,158 31.5 864 62

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 2,862 39,969 50,855 14.0 786 52

Cooling ........................................................ 2,622 39,161 52,130 14.9 751 55

Lighting ........................................................ 3,675 51,083 65,064 13.9 785 54

Office Equipment ......................................... 184 9,063 12,473 49.2 727 56

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy 

Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 5