# Patent

## Title
Proximity-based registration on a data network telephony system

## Abstract

Proximity-based registration of a user to a data network appliance on a data network telephony system. A portable information device, such as a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) or passive proximity-based security badge, is associated with the user. When the portable information device is brought within a proximity range of a data network appliance, one or more messages are wirelessly transmitted between the portable information device and the data network appliance. The data network appliance then transmits a registration request to a registration server to register the user to the data network appliance. As a result, calls for the user will be routed to the data network appliance to which the user is registered.

## Background
PRIORITY
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/451,388, filed Nov. 30, 1999 by inventors Guido Schuster, Ikhlaq Sidhu, Jerry Mahler, Rick Dean, Jacek Grabiec, and Ismail Dalgic, titled “System and Method for Providing User Mobility Services on a Telephone Network,” assigned to 3Com Corporation, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/181,431, filed Oct. 30, 1998 by inventors Peter Si-Sheng Wang and Ismail Dalgic, titled “Method, Apparatus and Communications System for Companion Information and Network Appliances,” also assigned to 3Com Corporation.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to providing user mobility services on a network. In particular, the present invention relates to providing proximity-based registration services on a data network telephony system.
2. Description of the Related Art
For many years, telephone service providers on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) provided their customers nothing more than a telephone line to use to communicate with other subscribers. Over time, telephone service providers have enhanced their service by providing Custom Local Area Signaling Service (CLASS) features to their customers. Similar communication services are provided by a Private Branch Exchange (PBX), which is typically implemented in a nonresidential setting.
The CLASS features permit customer subscribers of the features to tailor their telephone service according to individual needs. Some of the more popular CLASS features are:

    
    
        Call blocking: The customer may specify one or more numbers from which he or she does not want to receive calls. A blocked caller will hear a rejection message, while the callee will not receive any indication of the call.
        Call return: Returns a call to the most recent caller. If the most recent caller is busy, the returned call may be queued until it can be completed.
        Call trace: Allows a customer to trigger a trace of the number of the most recent caller.
        Caller ID: The caller's number is automatically displayed during the silence period after the first ring. This feature requires the customer's line to be equipped with a device to read and display the out-of-band signal containing the number.
    
    


Caller ID blocking: Allows a caller to block the display of their number in a callee's caller ID device.

    
    
        Priority ringing: Allows a customer to specify a list of numbers for which, when the customer is called by one of the numbers, the customer will hear a distinctive ring.
        Call forwarding: A customer may cause incoming calls to be automatically forwarded to another number for a period of time.
    
    


A customer subscriber to a CLASS feature may typically activate and/or deactivate a CLASS feature using “*” directives (e.g., *69 to automatically return a call to the most recent caller). CLASS features may also be implemented with the use of out-of-band data. CLASS feature data is typically transmitted between local Class-5 switches using the Signaling System #7 (SS7).
Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) and other similar organizations maintain CLASS offices that typically contain a database entry for each customer. The database allows specification of the CLASS features a customer has subscribed to, as well as information, such as lists of phone numbers, associated with those features. In some cases, customers may edit these lists on-line via a touch-tone interface. A list of all phone numbers that have originated or terminated a call with each customer is often included in the CLASS office database. For each customer, usually only the most recent number on this list is stored by the local Class-5 switch.
A Private Branch Exchange (PBX), is a stored program switch similar to a Class-5 switch. It is usually used within a medium-to-large-sized business for employee telephony service. Since a PBX is typically operated by a single private organization, there exists a wide variety of PBX services and features. Custom configurations are common, such as integration with intercom and voice mail systems. PBX's typically support their own versions of the CLASS features, as well as other features in addition to those of CLASS. Most PBX features are designed to facilitate business and group communications.
A summary of typical PBX features includes:

    
    
        Call transfer: An established call may be transferred from one number to another number on the same PBX.
        Call forwarding: In addition to CLASS call forwarding, a PBX number can be programmed to automatically transfer a call to another number when the first number does not answer or is busy.
        Camp-on queuing: Similar to PSTN call return, a call to a busy number can be queued until the callee can accept it. The caller can hang up their phone and the PBX will ring them when the callee answers.
        Conference calling: Two or more parties can be connected to one another by dialing into a conference bridge number.
        Call parking: An established call at one number can be put on hold and then reestablished from another number. This is useful when call transfer is not warranted.
        Executive override: A privileged individual can break into an established call. After a warning tone to the two participants, the call becomes a three-way call.
    
    


While the CLASS and PBX features have enhanced the offerings of service providers that use the PSTN, the features are nevertheless limited in their flexibility and scope. The effect to the user is that the features become clumsy and difficult to use. For example, in order to use the Call Forwarding function, the user must perform the steps at the user's own phone prior to moving to the location of the telephone to which calls will be forwarded. A more desirable approach, from the standpoint of usefulness to the user, would be to perform the steps at the telephone or other device to which calls will be forwarded.
Much of the lack of flexibility of the PSTN features is due to the inflexible nature of the PSTN system itself. One problem with the PSTN is that the terminal devices (e.g. telephones) lack intelligence and operate as “dumb” terminals on a network having the intelligence in central offices. Most PSTN telephones are limited in functional capability to converting the analog signals they receive to sound, converting the sound from the handset to analog signals, generating the appropriate dial tones when a key on the keypad is pressed, and ringing when there is an incoming call.
Some PSTN telephones have a display device and a display function to display specific information communicated from intelligent agents in the PSTN network using the PSTN signaling architecture. For example, some PSTN telephones have a display function to enable the Caller ID feature. Even such PSTN telephones are limited however by the closed PSTN signaling architecture, which prohibits access by the PSTN telephones to the network signaling protocols. A PSTN telephone having a display function is effectively limited to displaying text, again, as a “dumb” terminal.
The Internet presents a possible solution for distributing intelligence to telephony terminal devices. In Internet telephony, digitized voice is treated as data and transmitted across a digital data network between a telephone call's participants. One form of Internet telephony uses a telephony gateway/terminal where IP telephony calls are terminated on the network. PSTN telephones are connected by a subscriber line to the gateway/terminal at the local exchange, or at the nearest central office. This form of Internet telephony provides substantial cost savings for users. Because the PSTN portion used in Internet telephony calls is limited to the local lines on each end of the call, long distance calls may be made for essentially the cost of a local call. Notwithstanding the costs savings provided by this form of Internet telephony, it is not much more flexible than the PSTN with respect to providing enhancements and features to the basic telephone service.
In another form of Internet telephony, telephones are connected to access networks that access the Internet using a router. The telephones in this form of Internet telephony may be substantially more intelligent than typical PSTN telephones. For example, such a telephone may include substantially the computer resources of a typical personal computer.
Data network telephones and the data network (e.g. Internet) system in which they operate, however, lack a substantial infrastructure and service providers for providing telephone service.
It would be desirable to incorporate CLASS and PBX features into a data network telephony system that uses a data network such as the Internet.
It would be desirable to provide new features and enhancements to telephony service that accommodate and conform to users' needs.
It would also be desirable to provide features and capabilities to telephone service that create new opportunities for users and for service providers.
It would also be advantageous to allow a user to utilize information stored in a user's Portable Information Device (PID), e.g. a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), to assist in providing user mobility services.
It would also be an advantage for a data network telephony system to provide user mobility through proximity-based registration of users.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed toward registering a user to a data network appliance based on the user's proximity to the data network appliance. A portable information device is associated with the user and is used to convey information about the user to the data network appliance to enable the data network appliance to request that the user be registered to the data network appliance.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a system for providing proximity-based registration on a data network is provided. This system includes a plurality of data network appliances linked to the data network and a registration server linked to the data network. The plurality of data network appliances are each operable to communicate a voice signal as voice-over-data packets on a voice-over-data channel. The data network appliances are also each operable to convert voice-over-data packets communicated on the voice-over-data channel to voice signals which may be output to a user. A portable information device is associated with a user, and may wirelessly transmit an announcement message having at least one user attribute relating to the user. A data network appliance detects the announcement message and transmits a registration request to the registration server, enabling the registration server to register the user to the data network appliance detecting the announcement message.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of data network appliances is operable to periodically transmit a ping message to cause the portable information device to transmit the announcement message. Similarly, a data network appliance may be operable to transmit an acknowledgement message to the portable information device in response to detecting the announcement message.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided for registering a user to a proximate data network appliance in a data network telephony system. The system includes a passive portable information device associated with the user and a data network appliance. The passive portable information device stores a user attribute that may be read by the data network appliance when the passive portable information device is placed within a proximity range of the data network appliance. Upon reading the user attribute from the portable information device, the data network appliance may transmit a registration request to a registration server located on a data network to register the user of the passive portable information device to the data network appliance. Another embodiment of the present invention includes a data network appliance that includes a proximity receiver, an audio input interface, an audio output interface, a voice-over-data module, an interface to a data network, and a registration module. The proximity receiver is operable to detect an announcement message transmitted by a portable information device. The registration module is operable to transmit a registration request to a registration server in response to the proximity receiver detecting the announcement message from the portable information device. The audio input interface, the audio output interface, and the voice-over-data module enable the user to communicate by voice over the data network with one or more other users. The data network appliance may additionally contain video input/output interfaces and a video-over-data module to implement a videophone with proximity-registration capabilities.
In still yet another embodiment of the present invention, a portable information device is provided for registering a user of the portable information device to a data network appliance. The portable information device includes a memory having a user attribute database that may be configured to store at least one user attribute corresponding to the user of the portable information device. The portable information device also includes a proximity transmitter operable to transmit an announcement message to at least one data network appliance. The announcement message includes the at least one user attribute, and enables the at least one data network appliance to register the user to the at least one data network appliance.
A method for registering a user of a portable information device to a data network appliance, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is also provided. The method includes wirelessly transmitting a ping message from the data network appliance, determining whether an announcement message has been detected by the data network appliance from a portable information device, and transmitting a registration request from the data network appliance across a data network to a registration server upon determining that the announcement message has been detected from the portable information device. Additionally, the data network appliance may continue to wirelessly transmit the ping message until the announcement message has been detected. In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for registering a user to a proximate data network appliance from a portable information device is provided. The method includes listening for a ping message wirelessly transmitted by a data network appliance, and determining whether the ping message has been detected by the portable information device. If the ping message has been detected, then the portable information device wirelessly transmits an announcement message to the data network appliance, enabling the user to become registered to the data network appliance.
A method for providing proximity registration of a user to a data network appliance, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, is also provided. A passive portable information device is associated with the user. The method includes the data network appliance reading a user attribute from the passive portable information device when the passive portable information device is located within a proximity range from the data network appliance. Upon reading the user attributes, the data network appliance transmits a registration request to a registration server, thereby registering the user of the passive portable information device to the data network appliance. The step of reading the user attribute may additionally include the data network appliance accessing a database, such as a local database or a remote database, to obtain at least one registration attribute corresponding to the user attribute. The at least one registration attribute is used to format the registration request. For example, the user attribute may be a number corresponding to the user, while the registration attribute includes more detailed information, such as the user's SIP URI and/or personalization attributes for personalizing the data network appliance.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Presently preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the appended drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements in the various figures, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is block diagram of a network telephony system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a system for providing user mobility services on a telephony network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a system for providing user mobility services on a telephony network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a system for providing user mobility services on a telephony network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5A is a message flow diagram showing an exemplary SIP registration operation;
FIG. 5B is a message flow diagram showing an exemplary SIP call setup operation;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a data network telephone according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a portable information device (PID) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a stack layer diagram showing the layers of an IrDA stack;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a portable information device (PID) according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block and stack layer diagram illustrating the protocol stacks in an exemplary embodiment of a PID linked to a data network telephone;
FIG. 11 is block and stack layer diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention in which a SIP call may be established;
FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for registering a proximate PID to a data network appliance, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for providing proximity registration at a data network appliance, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for a data network appliance to provide proximity registration, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for a data network appliance to provide proximity registration, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for registering a user to a proximate data network appliance from a PID, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for registering a user to a proximate data network appliance from a PID, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for registering a user of a PID to a proximate data network appliance, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A. Related Applications
The following references to patent applications are incorporated by reference herein:

    
    
        “System And Method For Providing Telephone Service Having Private Branch Exchange Features In A Data Network Telephony System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/515,365, filed concurrently herewith;
        “System And Method For Providing A Wireless Data Network Telephone System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/515,798, filed concurrently herewith;
        “System And Method For Accessing A Network Server Using A Portable Information Devices Through A Network Based Telecommunication System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/515,969, filed concurrently herewith;
        “System And Method For Accessing Radio Programs Using A Data Network Telephone In A Network Based Telecommunication System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/516,269, filed concurrently herewith;
        “System And Method For Providing Local Information In A Data Network Telephony System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/515,366, filed concurrently herewith;
        “System And Method For Enabling A Portable Information Device For Use In A Data Network Telephone System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/515,795, filed concurrently herewith;
        “Dialing Token For Initiating A Telephone Connection In A Data Network Telephone System” to Schuster et al., Ser. No. 09/515,364, filed concurrently herewith;
        “Flexible Dial Plan for a Data Network Telephony System” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/515,797, filed concurrently herewith;
        “Personalized Call Announcement on a Data Network Telephony System” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/515,387, filed concurrently herewith;
        “Personalizing a Data Network Appliance on a Data Network Telephony System” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/515,970, filed concurrently herewith;
        “System and Method for Providing User Mobility Services on a Telephony Network” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/451,388;
        “System and Method for Providing Call-Handling Services on a Telephony Network” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/470,879;
        “Method Apparatus and Communication System for Companion Information and Network Appliances” to Wang, et al., Ser. No. 09/181,431;
        “System and Method for Controlling Telephone Service Using a Wireless Personal Information Device” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,321;
        “System and Method for Advertising Using Data Network Telephone Connections” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,320;
        “System and Method for Providing User-Configured Telephone Service in a Data Network Telephony System” to Sidhu, et al., Ser. No. 09/405,283;
        “System and Method for Accessing a Network Server Using a Portable Information Device Through a Network Based Telecommunication System” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,322;
        “System and Method for Interconnecting Portable Information Devices Through a Network Based Telecommunication System” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,152;
        “System and Method for Enabling Encryption on a Telephony Network” to Schuster, et al., Serial No. 405,981;
        “System and Method for Associating Notes with a Portable Information Device on a Network Telephony Call” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,151;
        “System and Method for Providing Shared Workspace Services Over a Telephony Network” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,298;
        “System and Method for Providing Service Provider Configurations for Telephones in a Data Network Telephony System” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,066;
        System and Method for Using a Portable Information Device to Establish a Conference Call on a Telephone Network” to Schuster, et al., Ser. No. 09/406,128;
        “Multiple ISP Support for Data Over Cable Networks” to Ali Akgun, et al., Ser. No. 09/321,941;
        “Method and System for Provisioning Network Addresses in a Data-Over-Cable System” to Ali Akgun, et al., Ser. No. 09/218,793; and
        “Network Access Methods, Including Direct Wireless to Internet Access” to Yingchun Xu, et al., Ser. No. 08/887,313.
    
    


B. PID-Enabled Data Network Telephony System
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of a data network telephony system 100 according to the present invention. The system includes a data network 106. A first voice communication device 108 linked to a first access network 112 via connection 111 may communicate over the data network 106 by connecting via the first access network 112. A second voice communication device 118 is linked to a second access network 114 through connection 119 and may communicate over the data network 106 by connecting via the second access network 114.
The data network 106 in the system 100 typically includes one or more Local Area Networks (LANs) connected to one another or to a Wide-Area Network (WAN), such as an Internet Protocol (IP) network, to provide wide-scale data connectivity. The data network 106 may use Voice-Over-Packet (VOP) schemes in which voice signals are carried in data packets. The network 106 may also include a connection to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to allow for voice connections using traditional circuit switching techniques. In one embodiment, the data network 106 may include one or more LANs such as Ethernet LANs and support data transport protocols for performing Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP) techniques on the Internet. For further details regarding VoIP, see the information available through the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) at www.ietf.org. In addition, an Internet Telephony gateway may be included within the system 100 to allow for voice connections to users connected by subscriber lines at a PSTN Central Office. Other data besides voice data, such as video data, may also be communicated over the data network 106.
The voice communication devices 108 and 118 typically include a voice input, a voice output, and a voice processing system and may be data network telephones (described further below with reference to FIG. 6). The voice processing system converts voice sound to digital data signals that are communicated on a voice connection over the data network. The voice processing system also converts digital data signals received from the voice connection to voice sound. The voice communication devices 108 and 118 typically include a central processing unit and memory to store and process computer programs. Additionally, each voice communication device typically includes a unique network address, such as an IP address, in memory to uniquely identify it to the data network 106 and to permit data packets to be routed to the device. In one embodiment, the voice communication devices 208 and 118 are data network appliances.
A PID 110 is shown linked to the first voice communication device 108 via link 109, and may enable communications over the data network 106 via the first access network 112. The PID 110 includes user attributes stored in a user information database. The user attributes may contain such information as a user identifier, schedule information, information about contacts, and other information that is associated with a user of the PID 110. The PID 110 preferably includes a user interface allowing a user to easily enter and retrieve data. In a preferred embodiment, the user interface includes a pressure-sensitive display that allows a user to enter input with a stylus or other device. An example of a PID with such an interface is a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), such as one of the PalmTM series of PDAs offered by 3Com® Corporation. Alternatively, the PID 110 may be a form of smart card, in which the user attributes are programmed into the card with the assistance of a programming device. In such a case, the user attributes might not be easily modified by the user when the user is not in the presence of the programming device. The PID 110 may include other functionality, such as wireless phone, two-way radio, digital camera, or digital audio recording functionality, for example.
Link 109 is a point-to-point link, and may be entirely or partially wireless, or may be a hard-wired connection. Preferably, the link 109 is a wireless link, such as an infrared link specified by the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) (see irda.org for further information) or a radio frequency (RF) link such as the Bluetooth system (see www.bluetooth.com for further information). However, the point-to-point link can also be a hardwired connection, such as an RS-232 or Universal Serial Bus (USB) serial port connection. An example of a serial port connection is a docking cradle or a synchronizing cable connection. For the provision of proximity-based registration services, a wireless omnidirectional link is preferred.
In one embodiment, the voice communication devices 108 and 118 each include a handset with a receiver and transmitter similar or identical to handsets of traditional circuit-switched telephones. A console on which the handset sits may include the voice processing system, a display, and a keypad, for example.
In a preferred embodiment, a portion of each of the voice communication devices 108 and 118 utilizes an NBX 100TM communication system phone offered by 3Com® Corporation. In alternative embodiments, the voice communication devices 108 and 118 may include any device having voice communications capabilities. For example, a personal computer having a microphone input and speaker output may also be used to implement the voice communication devices 108 and 1118. Other configurations are also intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The details relating to operation of the voice communication devices 108 and 118 depend on the nature of the data network 106, the access networks 112 and 114 connecting the voice communication devices 108 and 118 to each other and/or to other network entities, and the PID 110. The access networks 112 and 114 typically include any high bandwidth network adapted for data communications, i.e. a network having greater than 64,000 bits-per-second (bps) bandwidth. The access networks 112 and 114 may link to the voice communication devices 108 and 118 using an Ethernet LAN, a token ring LAN, a coaxial cable link (e.g. CATV adapted for digital communication), a digital subscriber line (DSL), twisted pair cable, fiberoptic cable, an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) link, an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) link, and wireless links, for example. In embodiments that may not require bandwidth greater than 64,000 bps, the access networks 112 and 114 may also include the PSTN and link the voice communications devices 108 and 118 by an analog modem. Further details regarding specific implementations are described below, with reference to FIGS. 2 through 17.
C. System for Providing Proximity-Based Registration Services on a Data Network Telephony System
One advantage of the network telephony system 100 is that it may be used to provide proximity-based registration services to users. In one embodiment, the PID 110 is used to register a user to a proximate voice communication device, such as the voice communication device 108. The user may then transfer information about proposed communication partner(s) to the first voice communication device 108 through the link 109. The first voice communication device 108 then sets up the call with voice communication devices associated with the communication partners selected by the PID user associated with the first voice communication device 108. Similarly, the user may be called at the data network appliance to which he is registered.
Once a call is set up, data can be transferred between the voice communication devices. PIDs, such as the PID 110, associated with the parties to the call may also be used to communicate information. For example, the PID 110 linked to the first voice communication device 108 may be able to accept and display PID data entered by a user through a user interface on the PID 1110. The PID data can then be communicated across the link 109 to the voice communication device 108 for transport across the first access network 112, the data network 106, and the second access network 114 to the second voice communication device 118. The PID 110 can also receive PID data and other data across the link 109 for display on the PID 110. A voice-over-data channel for communicating voice-over-data can concurrently exist with this communication of PID data over a PID data channel, in a preferred embodiment.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the link 109 is used only for discovery, registration, and/or verification. Discovery is a process by which it is determined that the PID 110 is proximate to the voice communication device 108 (or any other similar voice communication device). Therefore, when the user of the PID 110 comes within an effective transceiver range of the voice communication device 108, one or more transmitted signals will enable discovery, allowing the user to become registered to the voice communication device 108. Registration is a process whereby the user of the PID 110 becomes associated with a voice communication device, such as the voice communication device 108. A registration server (not shown) may store user/device associations in a registration data base, for example. The verification refers to the process of determining whether the user of the PID 110 is still proximate to the voice communication device 108. Verification may be similar to the discovery process. In alternative embodiment, verification is omitted, and when a user moves to a different device, the user becomes registered with the new proximate device and the registration with the prior proximate device is deleted.
1. Providing Proximity-Based Registration on a Local Area Network
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a system 200 for providing proximity-based registration on a LAN according to one embodiment of the present invention. System 200 includes a registration server 202 having access to a registration database 204. The registration server 202 is linked to a packet-switched local area network (LAN) 206. A voice communication device 208 is also a part of the network 206. Also shown are additional voice communication devices 212, 214, 216, and 218, which may or may not be identical to each other and voice communication device 208. The voice communication devices 208, 212, 214, 216, and 218 are each preferably able to accept information from a PID 210. A user 220 is shown as having recently moved from the voice communication device 212 to the voice communication device 208. The PDA 210 is associated with the user 220. The connections shown in FIG. 2 may be entirely or partially wireless, or they may be hard-wired connections. The LAN 206, the voice communication device 208, and the PID 210 correspond respectively to the first access network 112, the voice communication device 108, and the PID 110 shown in FIG. 1.
The LAN 206 is preferably an Ethernet LAN operating according to the IEEE 802.3 specification, which is incorporated by reference herein. The voice communication devices 208, 212, 214, 216, and 218 are preferably modified Ethernet phones. An Ethernet phone is a telephone capable of communicating through an Ethernet port.
In most cases, Ethernet phones support Internet Protocol (IP), using an IP address that is either statically configured or obtained via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). An exemplary Ethernet phone, such as voice communication device 208, contains two basic parts: the signaling-stack and the media-engine. While currently at least two different standards (SIP and H.323) and several proprietary approaches exist for the signaling stack, the media is almost exclusively transported via the Real Time Protocol (RTP), which itself is carried inside of User Datagram Protocol (UDP). RTP is described in H. Schulzrinne et al., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications,” IETF RFC 1889, January 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference. UDP is described in J. Postel, “User Datagram Protocol,” IETF RFC 768, August 1980, and IP is described in J. Postel, ed., “Internet Protocol,” IETF RFC 791, September 1981, both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
The purpose of the signaling stack in an exemplary Ethernet phone, such as the voice communication device 208, is to set up, manage, and tear down a call. During the setup phase, the location of the endpoint is discovered, communication parameters, such as the supported voice CODEC types are determined, the voice channel is established, and other parties are invited to the call if needed. During the management phase, for example, other parties are invited to the call or the existing CODEC can be changed. During the teardown phase, the call is terminated. The preferred call-management protocol for the present invention is Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is described in M. Handley et al., “SIP: Session Initiation Protocol,” IETF RFC 2543, March 1999, incorporated by reference herein. Alternative call-management protocols, such as the ITU-T H.323 protocol and others, may also be used to implement the present invention.
The purpose of a media engine in an exemplary Ethernet phone is to sample the voice, encode the samples, and build the RTP packets on the sending side. On the receiver side, in addition to performing the reverse operations, the media engine also typically manages a receiver buffer to compensate for network jitter. The media engine includes the features discussed with reference to the user interface of the voice communication device 108.
The user 220 is shown as being recently relocated from voice communication device 212 to voice communication device 208. In the example illustrated by FIG. 2, voice communication device 212 may be in the user's office and voice communication device 208 may in be a conference room, for example. Prior to leaving the office, the user 220 may have been registered (associated) with the voice communication device 212 in the office, so that calls were routed to that location or were processed according to attributes associated with the user being located in the office. When the user moves to the voice communication device 208 in the conference room, it would be desirable for the user to be registered with the voice communication device 208 instead of the voice communication device 212. According to one embodiment of the present invention, after device-proximity is discovered, the user 220 is able to register with the voice communication device 208 by using a portable information device 210 to transmit user attributes to the voice communication device 208, which may then transmit all or some of the user attributes to the registration server 202. The registration database 204 may then be updated with the revised user communication-location information.
2. Providing Proximity-Based Registration on a LAN using the Session Initiation Protocol
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an exemplary data network telephony system 300 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which SIP is used as the call-management protocol. Portions of the system 300 are similar to the system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2. The system 300 includes a SIP server 302 having access to a SIP database 304. The SIP server is shown with a link to a LAN 306, which is preferably an Ethernet LAN. SIP phones 308, 312, 314, 316, and 318 are Ethernet phones, and are also linked to the LAN 306. A PDA 310 serves as a PID to enable proximity-based registration according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The number of SIP phones in the system 300 can be varied to meet the needs of the users of the system 300.
Also shown in the LAN 306 is a gateway 322 with a SIP client. The gateway 322 is preferably a VoIP gateway and is in communication with a PSTN central office 324, which provides PSTN service to a PSTN phone 326. The PSTN phone 326 is likely to be one of many PSTN phones serviced by the central office 324. Additional portions of a PSTN network have been omitted from FIG. 3 for increased clarity. The PSTN network is known by those having skill in the art of telecommunications. The gateway 322, the central office 324, and the PSTN 326 are optional and need not be included within the system 300.
A router 328 may also be connected to the LAN 306. The router 328 connects the LAN 306 to a data network 330, such as a public internet. The data network preferably includes connections to additional SIP-based clients, such as an additional SIP phone 332 and a personal computer 334 operating as a SIP client. SIP will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4-11. The router 328, the data network 330, and the SIP-based clients 332 and 334 are optional and need not be included within the system 300.
3. Local Area Network as an Exemplary Access Network
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing one example of the data network telephony system 100 of FIG. 1 according to the present invention. The system 400 includes a local area network 412 connected to a data network 406 by a first router 413. A second local area network 414 is connected to the data network 406 by a second router 415. A cable network 416 is connected to the data network 406 by a third router 417. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that while FIG. 4 illustrates the access networks as two local area networks 412 and 414, and a cable network 416, other types of networks may be used. For example, the local area networks and the cable network may be replaced by ISDN, DSL, or any other high-speed data link.
The local area networks 412 and 414 provide data connectivity to their respective network elements. For example, the first LAN 412 provides data connectivity to at least a first data network telephone 408 and a first network telephony connection server 450. The second LAN 414 provides data connectivity to at least a second data network telephone 418 and a second network telephony connection server 438. The local area networks 412 and 414 in FIG. 4 are, for example, Ethernet LANs operating according to the IEEE 802.3 specification, which is incorporated by reference herein; however, other types of local area networks may also be used. The first local area network 412 uses the router 413 to provide the first data network telephone 408 and the first network telephony connection server 450 with access to the data network 406. For example, the router 413 may perform routing functions using protocol stacks that include the Internet Protocol and other protocols for communicating on the Internet. Similarly, the second local area network 414 uses the router 415 to provide the second data network telephone 418 and the second network telephony connection server 438 with access to the data network 406.
The first, second, and third network telephony connection servers 450, 438, and 437 provide telephony registration, location, and session initiation services for voice connections in which at least one of their members is a party. For example, a user of the first data network telephone 408 may register for telephony service with an administrator of the first network telephony connection server 450 and receive a user identifier and a telephone identifier. The user identifier and telephone identifier may be sequences of unique alphanumeric elements that callers use to direct voice connections to the user. The network telephony connection servers register users by storing user records in registration databases (not shown in FIG. 4) associated with each of the network telephony connection servers, in response to registration requests.
The call setup process and the user and telephone identifiers preferably conform to requirements defined in a call-management protocol. The call-management protocol is used to permit a caller anywhere on the data network to connect to the user identified by the user identifier in a data network telephone call. A data network telephone call includes a call setup process and a voice exchange process. The call setup process includes steps and message exchanges that a caller and callee perform to establish the telephone call. The actual exchange of voice signals is performed by a voice data communications channel. The voice data communications channel incorporates other data transport and data formatting protocols, and preferably includes well-known data communications channels typically established over the Internet.
The call management protocol used in the system 400 is preferably the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is described in M. Handley et al., “SIP: Session Initiation Protocol,” IETF RFC 2543, March 1999, incorporated by reference herein; however, any other such protocol may be used. Other protocols include H.323, MEGACO, the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP), etc.
The network telephony connection servers 450, 438, and 437 may be used to provide telephony service for mobile users. For example, a user may be registered to use the first network telephone 408 (which is identified by its telephone identifier), but the user may move to a location near a second network telephone (not shown) on the first local area network 412. The user may re-register as the user of the second network telephone. The user would then become associated with the second network telephone. Calls that identify the user by the user's user identifier may then reach the user at the second network telephone. Alternatively, the user may move to a different access network.
4. Cable Network as an Exemplary Access Network
The system 400 in FIG. 4 also shows the cable network 416 connected to the data network 406 by a router 417. The cable network 416 provides data network access to its network elements, which in FIG. 4 include the third data network telephone 428 and the third network telephony connection server 437. A user of the third data network telephone 418 connected to the cable network 416 may communicate by telephone over the data network 406 with the users of the first and second data network telephones 408 and 418 connected to the first and second local area networks 412 and 414.
The cable network 416 may include any digital cable television system that provides data connectivity. In the cable network 416, data is communicated by radio frequency in a high-frequency coaxial cable. The cable network 416 may include a head-end and/or a central termination system that permits management of the cable connections to and from the users.
5. Providing Telephony Services
The third network telephony connection server 437 is preferably a SIP-based server that performs call initiation, maintenance, and teardown for the third data network telephone 428 connected to the cable network 416. The third network telephony connection server 437 may be similar or identical to the first and second network telephony connection servers 450 and 438 connected to the first and second local area networks 412 and 414.
The system 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a data network telephony system that permits the first and second data network telephones 408 and 418 connected to the local area networks 412 and 414 to communicate through the data network 406 with the third data network telephone 428 connected to the cable network 416. The system shown in FIG. 4 preferably uses SIP in order to establish, maintain, and tear down telephone calls between users.
There are two major architectural elements to SIP: the user agent (UA) and the network server. The UA resides at the SIP end stations, (e.g. the data network telephones), and contains two parts: a user agent client (UAC), which is responsible for issuing SIP requests, and a user agent server (UAS), which responds to such requests. There are three different network server types: a redirect server, a proxy server, and a registrar. The various network server types may be combined into a single server, such as the network telephony connection servers 450, 437, and 438. Not all server types are required to implement the various embodiments of the present invention. The communication services to be provided will determine which servers are present in the communication system. Preferred embodiments of the present invention may be carried out using proxy servers.
One example of a SIP operation involves a SIP UAC issuing a request, a SIP proxy server acting as end-user location discovery agent, and a SIP UAS accepting the call. A successful SIP invitation consists of two requests: INVITE followed by ACK. The INVITE message contains a user identifier to identify the callee, a caller user identifier to identify the caller, and a session description that informs the called party what type of media the caller can accept and where it wishes the media data to be sent. User identifiers in SIP requests are known as SIP addresses. SIP addresses are referred to as SIP Universal Resource Identifiers (SIP-URIs), which are of the form sip:user@host.domain. Other addressing conventions may also be used.
FIG. 5A is a message sequence diagram 500 illustrating an embodiment of a registration message sequence for registering a PID 502 to a data network appliance 504 (such as a voice communication device or data network telephone), using a registration server 506. The PID 502 transmits user attributes, including a user SIP URL, as an announcement message 508 to the data network appliance 504. The data network appliance 504 formats a REGISTER request that includes the user's SIP URI in the TO field, the data network appliance's SIP URI in the FROM field, and the SIP URI of the registration server 506 in the REQUEST-URI field and sends the REGISTER request to the registration server 506. The registration server registers the user's SIP URI with the IP address of the data network appliance 504 and returns a 200 OK response to the data network appliance 504. The data network appliance 504 may send a confirmation message 516 to the PID 502 to confirm the registration.
The message sequence of FIG. 5A applies to the case where the SIP URI for the registration server is known. Other approaches to registration are possible, such as broadcasting to the registration multicast address “sip.mcast.net” (224.0.1.75), and are discussed in further detail in RFC 2543. RFC 2543 refers to a “location server,” which may serve as the registration server discussed in FIG. 5A.
Once the user's SIP URI is registered with the registration server 506, subsequent calls to the user's SIP URI are resolved to the address of the data network appliance 504. Thus, if a call is placed to the user's SIP URI, the data network appliance 504 will “ring,” alerting the user of an incoming call.
By synchronizing the user's SIP URI on the PID 502 with the data network appliance 504, the user of the PID 502 becomes registered to the data network appliance 504. This allows for true portability of the user's SIP URI, since calls are forwarded to the data network appliance where the user of the PID 502 has most recently registered. In this aspect of the present invention, the PID 502 becomes an authentication token representing the user and calls are forwarded to the correct data network appliance.
It is important to note that in many cases, a caller does not want to be connected to a particular phone, but rather to a particular person. SIP URIs are assigned to a user and stored in the user's PID device. By synchronizing the PID with a data network appliance, the user's SIP URI is registered to the local data network appliance and the SIP network. Since every incoming SIP request goes through the registration server, calls are directed to the data network appliance where the user is currently located. This permits the called party to be mobile, but still be locatable by the network.
If the user of the PID 502 moves and registers with another data network appliance, the old registration may be erased and a new registration entry, referring to the new data network appliance location, is created at the registration server. This may be useful not only in a company, but in a hotel or even a home, as well. Note that more than one user can be registered with a data network appliance by sequentially synchronizing each user's PID with the data network appliance. This allows multiple users to share the same phone during a meeting, for example. When a user is finished with a meeting, they may sign off from the phone in the meeting room, in which case the registration server would forward all calls to a predetermined location, such as to a voice mail address or to a default data network appliance, such as a phone at the user's desk.
FIG. 5B is a message flow diagram showing an exemplary SIP call setup operation 520. A SIP caller UAC 522 sends an INVITE message 524 to a SIP callee UAS 526. (The proxy server is not shown in this illustration). The INVITE message 524 contains session description information (UAC SDP) for the caller UAC 522. The callee UAS 526 sends a 200 OK message 528 to the caller UAC 522. The 200OK message 528 contains session description information (UAS SDP) for the callee UAS 526. The caller UAC 522 sends an ACK message 530 to the callee UAS 526 to complete the session initiation operation.
Redirect servers may be used to process an INVITE message by sending back the SIP-URI where the callee is reachable. Proxy servers perform application layer routing of the SIP requests and responses. A proxy server can either be stateful or stateless. A stateful proxy holds information about the call during the entire time the call is up, while a stateless proxy processes a message without saving information contained in the message. Furthermore, proxies can either be forking or non-forking. A forking proxy can, for example, ring several phones at once until somebody takes the call. Registrar servers are used to record the SIP address (called a SIP URI) and the associated IP address. The most common use of a registrar server is for the UAC to notify the registrar where a particular SIP URI can be reached for a specified amount of time. When an INVITE request arrives for the SIP URI used in a REGISTER message, the proxy or redirect server forwards the request correctly.
At the first local area network 412, the central registrar/proxy server, such as the first network telephony connection server 450, is the primary destination of all SIP messages trying to establish a connection with users on the first local area network 412. Preferably, the first network telephony connection server 450 is also the only destination advertised to the SIP clients outside the first local area network 412 on behalf of all the SIP clients residing on the first local area network 412. The network telephony connection server 450 relays all SIP INVITE messages to the appropriate final destination (or another SIP proxy), based on a database lookup using a first SIP database (not shown) associated with the first network telephony connection server 450. This allows mobile clients to be registered to their current locations.
Similarly, the second network telephony connection server 438 is the primary destination of all SIP messages trying to establish a connection with SIP clients such as the data network telephone 418, connected to the second local area network 414. Preferably, the second network telephony connection server 438 is also the only destination advertised to the SIP clients outside the second local area network 414 on behalf of all the SIP clients (e.g. data network telephones) residing on the second local area network 414. The second network telephony connection server 438 relays all SIP INVITE messages to the appropriate final destination (or another SIP proxy), based on a database lookup using a second SIP database. The third network telephony server 437 behaves similarly to the first and second network telephony connection servers 450 and 438. The use of three servers is for illustrative purposes only, and other server configurations may also be used.
The data network telephones 408, 418, and 428 in the system 400 preferably have pre-programmed device identifiers (e.g. phone numbers), represented as SIP-URI 's that are of the form sip: user@domain. An example is sip: 1234567890@3Com.com. After power-up, each of the data network telephones 408, 418, and 428 sends a SIP REGISTER message to the default registrar, such as the network telephony servers 450, 438, and 437. When a call arrives at one of the network telephony servers 450, 438, or 437 for any of the registered SIP URIs, the server will forward the call to the appropriate destination. If a data network telephone is moved to a new location, all calls to the associated SIP URI will still be properly routed to that device. In other words, the system in FIG. 4 provides device mobility in the sense that calls will “follow” the data network telephone according to its SIP URI. This is especially useful if the data network telephone 408, 418, or 428 is running the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) so that when the location is changed, the IP address is also automatically changed.
An advantage of the system in FIG. 4 is that once the call is established between data network telephones, the data network 406 provides data connectivity for up to a plurality of data communications channels. For example, the data network telephones 408, 418, and 428 can communicate voice signals as voice-over-data packets on a voice-over-data channel. The data network telephones 408, 418, and 428 may also be able to communicate PID data as PID data packets on a PID data channel. An example of PID data is graphical drawing data that is input into a PDA with a stylus device. Another example of PID data is a call participants' contact information, which may be passed on to the other call participants. Other data types may also be communicated. If PID data is input into the PID 410, the PID data may be communicated to and from the PID 410 across link 409 to the data network telephone 408, where the PID data may be assembled into packets and disassembled from packets as part of the process for communicating the PID data packets across the data network 406 and any access networks, such as the first Ethernet LAN 412, the second Ethernet LAN 414, and the cable network 416. For example, the PID data may be communicated to and from at least one other PID (not shown) through a network device (such as a data network telephone) located in the system 400.
6. The Data Network Telephones
The data network telephones 408, 418, and 428 are preferably telephones that include an Ethernet communications interface for connection to an Ethernet port. The Ethernet phones in FIG. 4 support the Internet Protocol (IP), using an IP address that is either statically configured or obtained by access to a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. In a general embodiment, the data network telephone 408, 418, and 428 are data network appliances, offering a flexible set of features and functions.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the first data network telephone 408 connected to the local area network 412 in FIG. 4. The voice communication devices 108, 118, 208, 212, 214, 216, and 218 may be implemented using the concepts shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. The data network telephone 408 in FIG. 6 is connected to the LAN 412 by a network interface 600. The network interface 600 may, for example, be a network interface card, and may be in the form of an integrated circuit. A bus 602 may be used td connect the network interface 600 with a processor 604 and a memory 606. Also connected to the processor are user interface circuitry 608 and a proximity transceiver 610.
The proximity transceiver 610 includes a proximity transmitter 612 and a proximity receiver 614. The proximity transceiver 610 assists with registering a user of a PID to the data network telephone 408 when the user is proximate to the data network telephone 408. Additionally, the proximity transceiver 610 may be used to transmit data to and receive data from the PID.
The proximity transceiver 610 enables wireless communications between the data network telephone 408 and a PID. The range of the proximity transceiver 610 is preferably selected in such a manner as to detect and register proximate PIDs, without interfering with proximity registration systems in more than a threshold number of neighboring data network telephones. For example, the range of the proximity transceiver 610 may be selected to encompass a particular room, cubicle, or other workspace in which the data network telephone 408 resides. Alternatively, the range of the proximity transceiver 610 may be selected to be the same as the range at which a user is able to hear audio signals, such as a telephone ring or a speaker phone voice signal. Thus, if the data network telephone 408 received a call for a user registered to the data network telephone 408, the user may be notified of the incoming call. Other range selections may also be used. Besides the range of audibility previously described, a range of visibility may be used as a basis for selecting the proximity transceiver's range. This may be desirable for a videophone implementation, or in a system in which a visual notification of an incoming call is made.
An alternative range selection scheme may be implemented according to the distance between neighboring data network telephones. For example, the range may be selected so that there is only a limited possibility of a PID being detected by two (or more) neighboring data network telephones. Similarly, the proximity transceiver's range may be selected so that there is a possibility of a PID being detected by a small number of data network telephones, but not by a large number of data network telephones. The preferred range for the proximity transceiver 610 is substantially between approximately 0 meters and 5 meters for a conventional office, cubicle, or small conference room. A larger office or conference room may have a range of up to approximately 10 meters, while a warehouse facility or other larger environment may best be served by a proximity transceiver range of up to 100 or more meters. Accordingly to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended that the proximity transceiver 610 be able to transmit or receive signals to and from a PID that is further than more than a couple hundred meters. The preferred embodiment has a proximity transceiver range of up to approximately 5 to 10 meters. In the preferred embodiment, the PID includes a transceiver similar to the proximity transceiver 610. The characteristics of the transceiver in the PID (e.g., power and sensitivity) may influence the design of the proximity transceiver 610 and the proximity transceiver range selected.
Proximity registration will be described in further detail with reference to FIGS. 12-17. In a preferred embodiment, the proximity transmitter 612 periodically transmits ping messages, which are used to discover the presence of a PID within the proximity transceiver's range. When a PID detects one of these ping messages, the PID may transmit an announcement message, which is received by the proximity receiver 614. The announcement message includes user attributes, such as the user's SIP URI. The data network telephone 408 then uses the user attributes to register the user to the data network telephone by transmitting a REGISTER message across the network 412 to a registration server. The proximity transmitter 612 may then transmit an acknowledgement or a confirmation message back to the PID, confirming that the user of the PID is registered to the data network telephone 408.
In an alternative embodiment, the data network telephone 408 includes the proximity receiver 614, but not the proximity transmitter 612. In this embodiment, the PID is configured to periodically transmit announcement messages which are received by proximate data network telephones. For example, the proximity receiver 614 may receive an announcement message from a proximate PID. The announcement message contains user attributes, such as the user's SIP URI. The user attributes may be obtained from the announcement message in a segmentation operation performed in the proximity receiver 614, in the media engine 634, or elsewhere in the data network telephone 408. The data network telephone 408 may then format a REGISTER request, which is then transmitted across the network 412 to a registration server to enable registration of the user to the data network telephone 408.
The user interface circuitry 608 includes hardware and software components to provide user input and output resources for functions in the processor 604. For example a handset, display, and keypad may be included in the data network telephone 408, as may alternative user interface mechanisms. The user interface circuitry may include a display interface 624, a keypad interface 626, an audio output interface 628, and an audio input interface 630.
For some applications, the user interface circuitry 608 may only need to support sending or receiving, but not both. The user interface circuitry 608 preferably supports the sending and receiving of at least audio information. For example, in the case where the data network telephone 408 is a voice communication device, the user interface circuitry may include a microphone, a speaker, and analog interface circuitry. A videophone implementation might also include a camera and monitor. The data network telephone 408 is not limited to telephones or videophones—additional user interface types, for example, such as the ones needed for computer games, (e.g. a joystick, or virtual reality headset) are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
The audio input interface 630 may receive voice signals from a microphone or other audio input device and convert the signals to digital information. The conversion preferably conforms to the G.711 ITU-T Standard. Further processing of the digital signal may be performed in the audio input interface 630, such as to provide compression (e.g. using the ITU-T G.723.1 standard) or to provide noise reduction, although such processing may also be performed in the processor 604. Alternatively, the audio input interface 630 may communicate an analog voice signal to the processor 604 for conversion to digital information.
The audio output interface 628 receives digital information representing voice from the processor 604 and converts the information to sound. In one embodiment, the audio output interface 628 receives information in the form of G.711 although other processing such as decompression may be performed in the audio output interface 628. Alternatively, the processor 604 may convert digital information to analog voice signals and communicate the analog voice signals to the audio output interface 628.
The keypad interface 626 and the display interface 624 include well-known device interfaces and respective signal processing techniques. The user interface circuitry 608 may support other hardware and software interfaces.
The processor 604 may consist of one or more smaller processing units, including, for example, a programmable digital signal processing engine. In the preferred embodiment, the processor is implemented as a single ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) to improve speed and to economize space. The processor 604 also may include an operating system, and application and communications software, firmware, or hardware for implementing the functions of the first data network telephone 408. For example, the processor may include a conferencing application to assist a user of the data network telephone 408 in gathering communication partner data from a PID and to establish a conference call by connecting the conference call parties. Other applications may also be processed by the data network telephone 408. The operating system may be any suitable commercially available embedded or disk-based operating system, or any proprietary operating system.
The processor 604 preferably includes a media engine 634 and a signaling stack 636 to perform the primary communications and application functions of the data network telephone 408. The purpose of the signaling stack in an exemplary data network telephone 408 is to set up, manage, and tear down a call. During the setup phase, a user may use the keypad to enter a user identifier to call. The signaling stack 636 receives the user entry and formats a request message to send to the user identified by the user identifier to initiate a telephone call. When the request message is sent, the location of the user identified by the user identifier is discovered, communication parameters, such as the supported voice CODEC types are exchanged, and a voice over data channel is established. During the management phase, for example, other parties are invited to the call if needed. During the teardown phase, the call is terminated.
The call-management protocol used in the exemplary data network telephone 408 is the SIP protocol. In particular, the signaling stack 636 implements a User Agent Client 638 and a User Agent Server 640, in accordance with the SIP protocol. Alternative call-management protocols, such as the ITU-T H.323 protocol and others, may also be used to implement the present invention.
Once the call is set up, the media engine 634 manages the communication over a data communications channel using a network transport protocol and the network interface 600. The media engine 634 sends and receives data packets having a data payload for carrying data and an indication of the type of data is being transported. The media engine 634 in the data network telephones 408 may sample the voice signals from the audio input 630 (or receive voice samples from the audio input 630), encode the samples, and build data packets on the sending side. On the receiver side, in addition to performing the reverse operations, the media engine also preferably manages a receiver buffer to compensate for network jitter.
The media engine 634 preferably includes hardware and software components for communications 632, performing registration functions 642, voice-over-data functions 644, display data functions 646, and keypad output functions 648. The media engine 634 processes data that is received from the first local area network 412, and data that is to be sent over the first local area network 412. The media engine 634 and the signaling stack 636 may operate as a combination, in which the signaling stack is used for operations involving a call management protocol, such as SIP.
For data that is received from the first local area network 412, the media engine 634 may determine from the type of data in the packet whether packets contain sampled voice signals or data for performing other functions. For example, packet headers or trailers may contain an indication of data type. Packets containing sampled voice signals are processed by voice over data function 644. The voice over data function 644 preferably conforms to a protocol for formatting voice signals as digital data streams. While any suitable protocol may be used, the media (voice signal) is preferably transported via the Real Time Protocol (RTP), which itself is carried inside of User Datagram Protocol (UDP). RTP is described in H. Schulzrinne et al., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications,” IETF RFC 1889, January 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference. UDP is described in J. Postel, “User Datagram Protocol,” IETF RFC 768, August 1980, and IP is described in J. Postel, ed., “Internet Protocol,” IETF RFC 791, September 1981, both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Packets containing data for use in registering the data network telephone 408 with a network telephony server (or other registration server) are processed by the registration function 642. By registering to the data network telephone 408, a user may establish with the network telephony service provider that calls addressed to the user's user identifier may be connected to the data network telephone 408. Registration may occur when the data network telephone 408 sends a request to register to a service provider host, which may be located at a registration server. The service provider host may respond by setting the user's user identifier to correspond to the device identifier of the data network telephone 408, and by acknowledging the request with a status message to the data network telephone 408. In one embodiment, a request to register the data network telephone 408 to a default user is automatically sent during power-up of the data network telephone 408. As a result, the user becomes associated with the data network telephone 408. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when a second user comes into proximity of the data network telephone 408, the second user will also be registered to the data network telephone 408.
Other features may be added to the registration function 642, or implemented as extensions to the registration function 642. For example, the data network telephone 408 may be provisioned to provide selected network telephony services by establishing a data connection with a service provider, requesting the selected services, and receiving data that ensures that the services have been successfully provisioned. Such services may include, for example, caller identification, call forwarding, voice mail, and any other service offered by the network telephony service provider to enhance the capabilities of the data network telephone 408. One advantage of such provisioning functions is that services may be ordered for temporary use in a manner that is convenient to the user.
Packets containing data for display on the display device are processed by the display data function 646. The display data function 646 may be used for displaying, for example, the name(s) and user identifier(s) of the other party(-ies) to the call, the status of the telephone call, billing information, and other information
For data that is to be sent over the data network 406, the media engine 634 formats the data as data packets in accordance with a selected protocol. The placement of data into packets may also be performed elsewhere in the data network telephone 408. The selected protocol is preferably the protocol that is supported by the data network telephone that will receive the data for the particular type of data being transported. Tunneling may also be used for transport across multiple-protocol environments.
The voice-over-data function 644 formats voice samples, preferably according to the protocol used by the receiving data network telephone. A conversion process may also be undertaken. In one preferred embodiment, the voice over data function 644 formats voice samples as RTP packets. The second and third data network telephones 418 and 428 are preferably similar or identical to the first data network telephone 408.
7. The Portable Information Device (PID)
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the PID 410. A bus 702 may be used to interconnect a processor 704, a memory 706, data storage 708, and user interface circuitry 710. A proximity transceiver 700 enables registration of the PID's user to a proximate data network telephone.
The user interface circuitry 710 may include hardware and software components to provide user input and output resources for functions provided by the processor 704. The user interface circuitry preferably includes a display output 726, a display input 728, and an additional input/output interface 730.
The display output 726 preferably receives digital information representing graphical or other data from the processor 704 and converts the information, such as text and/or images, for display on a graphical display, such as an LCD or TFT screen.
The display input 728 may receive PID data inputs from a user of the PID 410. The PID data inputs are preferably entered by the user with a stylus on a pressure-sensitive display screen. Alternately, a keyboard may be used to accept user input. Similarly, the display output 726 preferably displays the PID data on the display screen.
The additional input/output interface 730 allows the user to enter other types of data besides PID data into the PID 410. For example, audio data, video data, additional PID data, or additional input may be entered through the additional input/output interface 730. Touch-sensitive screen buttons are an exemplary method for a user to enter data into the PID 410.
The processor 704 includes an operating system and application/communication software, firmware, or hardware to implement the functions of the PID 410. The operating system may be any suitable commercially available operating system, or any proprietary operating system. For example, if the PID 410 is a PDA, then the operating system may be the Palm operating system from Palm Computing, or Windows-CE from Microsoft. The operating system and software may be stored on data storage 708 (or on memory 706). A PID application 732 is preferably included to manage the user's contact information. Similarly, the PID application may manage the user's schedule information or allow a user to select communication partners to be invited to a conference call initiated by the user of the PID 410. Many other applications are also possible, and further examples of applications suitable for a PID may be found at http://www.palm.com, http://www.palmcentral.com, or http://www.tucows.com. Although the processor 704 is shown connected to the data storage 708 through a bus 702, other configurations may also be used. Similarly, the memory 706 may be alternatively configured, and may be embedded within the processor 704.
The proximity transceiver 700 includes a proximity transmitter 712 and a proximity receiver 714 in the preferred embodiment. The proximity transceiver 700 operates in conjunction with the proximity transceiver 610 in the data network telephone 408. The proximity transceivers 610 and 700 preferably operate using radio frequency signals, such as by using the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz, according to the Bluetooth specification. Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication protocol and is described in the Bluetooth specification 1.0 and accompanying references and erratas, which are available on the Bluetooth home page (http//www.bluetooth.com/) or on the Bluetooth Network (http//www.bluetooth.net/).
In the preferred embodiment, the proximity transmitter 612 in the data network telephone transmits ping messages at a periodic interval. When a user brings the PID 410 within the proximity transceiver range defined by the proximity transceiver 610 and 700, the proximity receiver 714 detects the ping message transmitted by the proximate data network telephone 408. The PID's proximate transmitter 712 then transmits an announcement message including at least one user attribute, such as the user's SIP URI. The proximity receiver 614 in the data network telephone 408 receives the announcement message and registers the user to the data network telephone 408 by transmitting a REGISTER message across the network 412 to a registration server. The proximity transmitter 612 on the data network telephone 408 may then transmit an acknowledgement message to confirm a successful registration. This acknowledgement message is received by the proximity receiver 714 on the PID 410. A registration confirmation message may be displayed to the user via the display output 726.
In an alternative embodiment, a PID 410 contains the proximity transmitter 712, but not the proximity receiver 714. In this embodiment, the proximity transmitter periodically transmits an announcement message including at least one user attribute corresponding to the user of the PID. When the PID is brought into proximity of a data network telephone, such as the data network telephone 408, the announcement message is detected by a proximity receiver on the data network telephone, such as the proximity receiver 614 on the data network telephone 408, enabling the data network telephone to register the user of the PID to the proximate data network telephone.
The choice of embodiment may depend on considerations such as power supplies. For example, if the PID is periodically transmitting an announcement message, this may be a less efficient usage of power than if the data network telephone is periodically transmitting a ping message, to which the PID responds to with a single announcement message. Other considerations may also be involved in determining which embodiment to select in a proximity registration system according to the present invention.
The PID 410 may be able to send data to and receive data from the data network telephone 408 across a point-to-point link, such as the point-to-point link 409. A user enters PID data at the display input 728. The PID data may be processed in the user interface circuitry 710 or it may go directly to the processor 704 or the memory 706. The processor 704 may also perform such processing functions as compression. A PID data application may be used to implement the display input, the display output, and the processing functions. The proximity transceiver 700 may be used to transmit and receive data to and from the data network telephone. Alternatively, an additional transceiver may be dedicated to PID data transceiving.
As an example, a drawing application may be used to accept PID data input at the display input 728 from a user drawing with a stylus on a display screen (if one exists) of the PID 410. A drawing application could then display the drawing through the display output 726 to enable the user to see a visual representation of the drawing. If the user desires to share the drawing with a second user on the system 400, where the second user is using a second PID, the PID data from the drawing application can be transmitted through the proximity transceiver 700, allowing the data to be received by the data network telephone 408. An application in the data network telephone 408 receives the PID data across the point-to-point link, and the PID data is prepared for transmission across the data network 406, such as by the media engine 634 shown in FIG. 6. Preferably the PID data is converted to PID data packets and is communicated on a PID data channel across the first LAN 412 through the router 413 across the data network 406 and eventually to a network device at which the second PID is located. The second user may then view the drawing on a display screen on the second PID.
The point-to-point link 409 may be implemented as a serial bit stream between an application in the PID 410 and an application in the first data network telephone 408. For example, the link 409 could be an infrared or radio frequency link that is implemented with minimal stack interpretation. However, the link 409 between PID 410 and the first data network telephone 408 can alternatively be implemented using all or parts of a specialized protocol, such as the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) protocol stack, where data is interpreted through the stack between application-layer processes at each end of the link. IrDA may be utilized for the proximity registration functions performed by the proximity transceivers 610 and 700 in the data network telephone 408 and the PID 410; however, Bluetooth is preferred due to the omnidirectional nature of radio frequency signals.
FIG. 8 is a protocol diagram illustrating the layers of the IrDA protocol stack. An IrDA stack is implemented at each of the connection endpoints of an IrDA link. The required layers of an IrDA protocol stack are the physical layer 802, the IrLAP layer 804, the IRLMP layer 806 and the IAS layer 808. The physical layer 802 specifies optical characteristics of the link, encoding of data, and framing for various speeds. The IrLAP (Link Access Protocol) layer 804 establishes the basic reliable connection between the two ends of the link. The IrLMP (Link Management Protocol) layer 806 multiplexes services and applications on the IrLAP connection. The LAS (Information Access Service) layer 808 provides a directory or “yellow pages” of services on an IrDA device.
The IrDA protocol also specifies a number of optional protocol layers, these protocol layers being TinyTP 810, IrOBEX 812, IRCOMM 814 and IrLAN 816. TinyTP (Tiny Transport Protocol) 810 adds per-channel flow control to keep traffic over the IrDA link moving smoothly. This important function is required in many cases. IrOBEX (Infrared Object Exchange protocol) 812 provides for the easy transfer of files and other data objects between the IrDA devices at each end of the link. IrCOMM 814 is a serial and parallel port emulation that enables existing applications that use serial and parallel communications to use IrDA without change. IrLAN (Infrared Local Area Network) 816 enables walk-up infrared LAN access for laptops and other devices. The use of the optional layers depends upon the particular application in the IrDA device. The IrDA protocol stack is defined by such standards documents as “IrDA Serial Infrared Physical Layer Link Specification”, “IrDA ‘IrCOMM’: Serial and Parallel Port Emulation over IR (Wire Replacement)”, “IrDA Serial Infrared Link Access Protocol (IrLAP)”, “IrDA Infrared Link Management Protocol (IrLMP)”, and “IrDA ‘Tiny TP’: A Flow-Control Mechanism for use with IrLMP”, and related specifications published by the IrDA and available at http://www.irda.org/standards/specifications.asp and is incorporated by reference herein.
In one embodiment, the data network telephones 408, 418, and 428 merely provide a data tunnel for the data channel attendant to the infrared links, while the IrDA protocol stack is implemented at endpoint PID devices, such as PID 410. Alternatively, IrDA stacks can be implemented in the data network telephones as well. By implementing additional layers of the IrDA protocol stack, the PID applications and the base applications in the data network telephones can be simplified because the IrDA protocol layers take over certain functions. For example, the IrDA protocol stack can be implemented at each PID used in a conference call, and the IrOBEX layer 812 can be used to transfer text and graphics object files, such as drawings or electronic business cards, end-to-end between PID devices connected via data network telephones and networks.
FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of PID 410 according to the present invention. The PID 410 may be part of a more complex device, such as a portable phone. The PID 410 might also be a simple data storage object, such as a smart card or security badge. Included within the PID 410 are a data storage unit 900 and a proximity transceiver 902.
The data storage unit 900 contains at least one user attribute, such as the user's SIP URI. The proximity transmitter 902 periodically transmits an announcement message containing the at least one user attribute. The proximity transmitter 902 is preferably a shortrange wireless transmitter, such as a Bluetooth radio transmitter. When the user of the PID 410 comes in proximity to a data network telephone, a proximity receiver in the data network telephone detects the announcement message transmitted by the proximity transmitter 902, and uses the at least one user attribute to register the user to the data network telephone by transmitting a REGISTER to a registration server.
Other implementations of PIDs may be used besides those described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 9. The PID will preferably include a user information database stored in data storage or memory, and should include a means for allowing an outside device to read and possibly modify the user information contained in the user information database.
One exemplary implementation includes a passive PID for use with an active data network appliance. For example, the PID could be a passive security tag or badge that may be placed in close proximity (e.g. within 5-10 cm) of a tag/badge-reading data network appliance to register a user of the tag/badge to the proximate data network appliance. User attributes (for use in registration) may be stored on the tag/badge and transferred to the data network appliance during a tag/badge read session. Alternatively, a tag/badge identifier could be read by the data network appliance, for use in accessing a database (located on a network) to download the user's attributes for registering the user to the proximate data network appliance. Additionally, other information, such as the user's personal settings for personalizing the data network appliance could also be downloaded. The technology used in passive tag/badge-reading applications may include, for example, magnetic field interference/resonance detection schemes, as well as other techniques for detecting a proximate item and reading information from the proximate item.
Many alternative embodiments are also made possible by utilizing the PID 410. For example, the PID 410 may store and download to the data network telephone 408 the preferences of the user about the phone operation, such as the ringer volume and tone. The PID 410 may also act as a smart card, providing authentication information for making toll calls. In another embodiment, the user of the PID 410 may program the system through the PID 410 so that, depending on the time of day, and on the datebook information in the PID 410, the phone forwarding information is dynamically updated. For example, during business hours, the default location to forward calls could be set to be the user's office, and during other hours, their cellular phone or their pager. If the PID 410 has voice playback capability, it can download voice mail and play it back off-line. On a LAN, this may be implemented as a file transfer, which is typically much faster than playing audio back. This feature would be useful if the user cannot spend too much time on the phone to check their voice mail. For example, a traveler at an airport may download their 30 minutes worth of voice mail in a few minutes, just before taking their flight, and may listen to those messages during the flight.
8. Providing User Mobility Services
FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram and protocol stack diagram illustrating an embodiment of the protocol stacks in the PID 410 and the data network telephone 408 that support link 409. In a radio frequency embodiment, such as that outlined in the Bluetooth specification, the proximity transceiver 700 in the PID 410 provides the physical layer 1000 that connects via link 409 to the proximity transceiver 610 implementing a physical layer 1002 in the data network telephone 408. The data link layer 1004 in PID 410 provides data link control for link 409 in transferring data to and from a PID application client 1006. Similarly, the data network telephone 408 includes a data link layer 1012 and an application server 1008 that is configured to synchronize connection and other functions with the PID application 1006 in PID 410.
When proximity is detected between the PID 410 and the data network telephone 408, the application client 1006 in the PID 410 may send the user's SIP URI across the link 409 to the data network telephone 408, where it is received by the application server 1008. The application server 1008 sends the SIP URI received from the PID 410 as a REGISTER message across connection 430 and the Ethernet LAN 412 through connection 443 to the network telephony connection server 450, which is a registration server. The network telephony connection server 450 may store the SIP URI and the IP address of the associated data network telephone 408 in a SIP registration database (not shown) so that the SIP URI is listed as being resident at the IP address of the data network telephone 408. (If the network telephony connection server 450 uses a location server for registration/location tasks, the registration information might instead be stored with such a location server). SQL (Structured Query Language) is preferred for implementing and maintaining the registration database. Once the PID 410 is registered with the network telephony connection server 450, calls to the SIP URI for the user of the PID 410 will be directed to the data network telephone 408.
FIG. 11 is a functional block and protocol stack diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention where a SIP connection is established from the first data network phone 408 to the second data network phone 418 through network connection 430, first access network 412, data network 406, second access network 414 and network connection 419. The routers 413 and 415 and associated connections are not shown to simplify the block diagram representation. Although only two data network telephones are shown in FIG. 11, a three-party conference call would look very similar to what is shown in FIG. 11, with the addition of an additional data network telephone. The first PID 410 and a second PID 420 are also shown for exemplary purposes, but need not be included for voice communication. Inclusion of one or more PIDs may be useful where proximity-based registration (or manual registration) is to be supported, or where PID data is to be communicated from one PID to a second PID.
The diagram of FIG. 11 shows how PID user data can be communicated from one PID to another PID during a call in one aspect of the present invention. The PID application 1006 in PID 410 is configured to send PID data received through the user interface 1010 through link 409 to base applications 1008 in the first data network phone 408. In this embodiment, base applications 1008 are configured to define data channels for transport to the second data network telephone 418. As illustrated, the communication system supports the use of multiple data channels.
Multiple data channels in SIP may be defined through the Session Description Protocol described in RFC 2327, herein incorporated by reference. Included in a SIP INVITE request are options for the requested connection that describe the number and type of media streams. Each media stream is described by an “m=” line in the INVITE request. For example, a request for a connection that includes an audio stream and a bidirectional video stream using H.261 might appear as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1


    
    
        v=0
        o=alice 2890844526 2890844526 IN IP4 host.anywhere.com
        c=IN IP4 host.anywhere.com
        m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0
        a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
        m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 31
        a=rtpmap:31 H261/90000.
    
    


If the called device includes functionality to receive the connection as described in Table 1, then the called device will respond to the INVITE request with a 200 OK response that includes the same option values. If the called device or party is unable or unwilling to receive such a connection, then it will respond with alternative option values for the connection. See RFC 2543 for further details regarding the negotiation of connection parameters in SIP. Other call management protocols allow for similar negotiation of connection parameters.
In FIG. 11, a first data channel for voice data and a second data channel for PID user data have been negotiated by the base applications 1008 in the first data network telephone 408 and the base applications 1100 in the second data network telephone 418. The base applications 1008 and 1100 transfer voice data between the AUDIO applications, such as applications including G.711 encoders, in each phone via the first data channel. The base applications 1008 in phone 408 are also configured to send the PID data received via link 409 from PID 410 to the base applications 1100 in phone 418 via the second data channel. The base applications 1100 in phone 418 may be configured to forward the PID data received via the second data channel to a second PID 420 via a second link 421. The PID application 1102 in PID 420 then outputs the PID data received from phone 418 to the user interface 1104 for output to the user of PID 420.
The PID data in FIG. 11 can take a variety of forms. For example, the PID data can be a text file containing information about the user of PID 410, such as an electronic business card. The PID data can also be drawing data generated by graphical applications in the PIDs 410 and 420 whereby a user drawing on a touchscreen of the user interface 1010 in PID 410 generates corresponding PID data that is transmitted via the second data channel to PID 420 for display on the user interface 1104 of PID 420. The media description for the media stream can be defined during connection setup to establish a connection appropriate to the type of data being transferred. These examples represent just a few of the applications for this aspect of the present invention and should not be viewed as limiting the present invention.
In one embodiment, RTP data packets for two or more types of data are exchanged between the first data network telephone 408 and the second data network telephone 418 according to one of three possible methods. In the first method, one RTP data channel (or RTP stream) on UDP carries data packets in which both data types are present in a single split packets. Each such split packet contains (1) a source port number and a destination port number in the UDP portion, and (2) a special payload sequentially including each of the data types in the RTP portion. The special payload type can be defined in the SDP described above. Other information is also contained in each packet as well. In the second method for transmitting two or more data types, a separate RTP over UDP data channel is created for each of the different data types, and the RTP header indicates which type of data is contained in each packet. For example, voice data coded as G.711 might be assigned a payload type code of 0, while PID data is assigned a payload type code of 190. In the third method for transmitting two or more data types, a single RTP/UDP data channel (RTP/UDP stream) is created that contains data packets of two or more different types. In this method, the data types are identified in a payload type field in the RTP header of each packet, enabling an underlying application to identify which data packets are voice data packets and which data packets are PID data packets, for example.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the user interface of PID may be used to perform actual dialing operations. In other embodiments, the PID may be used to detect proximity between the user and a data network telephone and to register the user to a proximate data network telephone. The user may then use the data network telephone user interface (such as a keypad) to input the user identifier or device identifier (such as a phone number) of the party the user wishes to call. In such a case, the PID would not be necessary for communications to proceed. Additional details for implementing embodiments in which a PID is used to initiate calls may be found in Dalgic, et al., “True Number Portability and Advanced Call Screening in a SIP-Based IP Telephony System,” IEEE Communications Magazine, July, 1999, pp. 96-101; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/181,431 “Method, Apparatus and Communications System for Companion Information and Network Appliances,” filed on Oct. 30, 1998, by Inventors Peter Si-Sheng Wang and Ismail Dalgic, assigned to 3Com Corporation, both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
D. Method for Providing Proximity-Based Registration Services on a Data Network Telephony System
1. Proximity-Based Registration From the Viewpoint of a Data Network Appliance
FIGS. 12-14 are flow diagrams illustrating preferred embodiments for implementing proximity based registration at a data network appliance, such as a data network telephone or other voice communication device. These methods are used in conjunction with one or more PIDs and one or more registration servers. The one or more PIDs are preferably configured for proximity-based registration capabilities.
FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1200 for registering a proximate PID to a data network appliance, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In step 1202, the data network appliance wirelessly transmits a ping message. This message is formatted by an application in the data network appliance, and includes a characteristic data signature to identify it as a ping message to a proximate PID. An example of such a characteristic data signature would be a unique bit representation in a payload of a packet-type message. The ping message is transmitted, as shown in step 1302, by a proximity transmitter. In step 1204, a determination is made as to whether an announcement message from a proximate PID has been detected. This detection is performed by a proximity receiver in the data network appliance, and involves receiving a wireless message, such as a radio frequency signal, and examining the received signal to determine whether it is a valid announcement message. This determination is made by examining the announcement message to identify a characteristic data signature defined for announcement messages according to a predefined scheme. If it is determined that an announcement message has not been detected, then another ping message is transmitted. (A delay may be invoked before transmitting the next ping message.) If it is determined that an announcement message has been detected from a proximate PID, then a registration request is formatted and transmitted across a data network to a registration server, as shown in step 1206. Depending on the call management protocol in use, a confirmation of the registration may be received from the registration server by the data network appliance. Additionally, the data network appliance may send an acknowledgement message to the proximate PID confirming the registration of the user associated with the PID to the proximate data network appliance.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a method 1300 for providing proximity registration at a data network appliance, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In step 1302, a ping message is wirelessly transmitted at a transmit power defining a proximity transceiver range. In step 1304, a determination is made as to whether an announcement message from a proximate PID has been detected. If no message is detected, then step 1302 is repeated, and another ping message is wirelessly transmitted. If it is determined that an announcement message has been detected, then a registration request is formatted, as shown in step 1306. This formatting step includes using at least one user attribute included within the announcement message, such as a SIP URI. This user attribute is used by a registration server to register the user to the data network appliance. In step 1308, the registration request is transmitted from the data network appliance across the data network to the registration server. The registration server then performs the registration process, preferably by updating a registration database to include a correspondence between the user (or user attribute) and the data network appliance. In step 1310, the data network appliance receives a confirmation message from the registration server across a data network. In step 1312, the data network appliance transmits an acknowledgement message to the proximate PID, confirming a successful registration of the user to the data network appliance.
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1400 for a data network appliance to provide proximity registration, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In step 1402, the data network appliance listens for an announcement message wirelessly transmitted by a proximate PID. This “listening” step involves a proximity receiver detecting signal transmissions according to a predetermined signal characteristic. For example, the proximity receiver may detect radio frequency signals transmitted at a particular frequency. A verification may be made that a received signal is indeed an announcement message. In step 1404, a determination is made as to whether an announcement message has been detected by the proximity receiver. If not, then step 1402 is repeated, and the proximity receiver continues to listen for a transmitted announcement message. If it is determined that an announcement message has been detected, then a registration request is transmitted across a data network to a registration server, as shown in step 1406.
FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1500 for a data network appliance to provide proximity registration, according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. In step 1502, the data network appliance listens for an announcement message wirelessly transmitted by a proximate PID. In step 1504, it is determined whether an announcement message has been detected. If no announcement has been detected, then step 1502 is repeated. If an announcement message has been detected, then a registration request is formatted using at least one user attribute included within the announcement message, as shown in step 1506. The registration request is transmitted across the data network to a registration server, as shown in step 1508. In step 1510, a confirmation message is received by the data network appliance across the data network from the registration server, indicating a successful registration of the user to the data network appliance. In step 1512, an acknowledgement message is wirelessly transmitted to the proximate portable information device.
To accommodate the possibility of multiple users (having multiple respective PIDs) being able to register with a particular proximate data network telephone, the ping message may be periodically wirelessly transmitted even upon detecting an announcement message. Thus, steps 1202 and 1302 in the methods 1200 and 1300 may be repeated even upon a positive determination after steps 1204 and 1304, respectively. Similarly, steps 1402 and 1502 in the methods 1400 and 1500 may be repeated after a positive determination in steps 1404 and 1504, respectively, to accommodate additional users with PIDs.
2. Proximity-Based Registration from the Viewpoint of a Portable Information Device
FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate methods in which a PID may be used to register a user to a proximate data network appliance. The proximate data network appliance will preferably also contain proximity registration capabilities.
FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1600 for registering a user to a proximate data network appliance from a PID), according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In step 1602, the PID listens for a ping message wirelessly transmitted by a proximate data network appliance. This “listening” step involves a proximity receiver in the PID detecting signal transmissions have a predetermined characteristic, such as a predetermined radio frequency. A verification that a detected signal is indeed a ping message may also be performed. In step 1604 a determination is made as to whether a ping message has been detected. If no ping message has been detected, then step 1602 is repeated, and the PID continues to listen for a ping message. If a ping message has been detected, then an announcement message is wirelessly transmitted to the proximate data network appliance that transmitted the ping message, as shown in step 1606. The announcement message contains at least one user attribute, such as the user's SIP URI. Alternatively, the announcement message may consist of more than one message, in which the first message notifies the data network appliance that the PID is proximate to the data network appliance, and a second message may be used to provide the user attributes to the data network appliance.
FIG. 17 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1700 for registering a user to a data network appliance that is proximate to the user's PID, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In step 1702, the PID wirelessly transmits an announcement message, which may be performed by a proximity transmitter in the PID. In step 1704, a determination is made as to whether an acknowledgement message has been received from a proximate data network appliance. This determination may be made by a proximity receiver in the PID detecting a signal having a predefined signal characteristic, such as a particular radio frequency, and may involve a verification that the received signal is indeed an acknowledgement message. If no acknowledgement message has been received, then step 1702 is repeated. A delay may also be invoked prior to transmitting the next announcement message. If it is determined that an acknowledgement message has been received from a proximate data network appliance, then the user of the PID is notified that he or she has been registered to the proximate data network appliance, as shown in step 1706. Additional information, such as a device phone number, may also be provided. This information would be preferably included in the received acknowledgement message.
FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1800 for registering a user of a PID to a proximate data network appliance, according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the PID is in the form of a passive tag or badge, while the data network appliance includes active tag/badge reading functionality. In step 1802, a data network appliance reads a user attribute from a proximate passive PID. In step 1804, the data network appliance makes a registration request to register the user of the PID to the data network appliance. The step of reading the user attribute may further include accessing a database (either locally or through a network) to obtain further information about the user associated with the proximate PID. The obtained information (or the user attribute) may then be used by the data network appliance to format a registration message to be transmitted to a registration server.
Variations of the methods 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, and 1800 are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention. Any variations will preferably allow a user to enter within a proximity range of a data network appliance, causing the user to become registered with the proximate data network appliance.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with presently preferred embodiments of the invention, persons of skill in the art will appreciate that variations may be made without departure from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, the access networks shown in FIG. 2 may comprise any other suitable type of local area network or service infrastructure.
In addition, protocols of various types are referenced throughout. While preferred and alternative embodiments may implement selected protocols, any suitable replacement protocol not mentioned, or any function not part of a protocol used to replace a corresponding function from a protocol may be implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.
This true scope and spirit is defined by the appended claims, interpreted in light of the foregoing.

## Claims

1. A data network appliance, comprising in combination:
a proximity receiver operable to detect an announcement message transmitted by a portable information device, wherein the proximity receiver is detached from the portable information device; 
an audio input interface operable to receive an audio input signal front a user; 
an audio output interface operable to transmit an audio output signal to the user; 
a voice-over-data module operable to convert the audio input signal into a digital audio transmit stream, and wherein the voice-over-data module is operable to convert a digital audio receive stream into the audio output signal; 
an interface to a data network, wherein the data network provides data connectivity for a plurality of data communications channels using data transport protocols, wherein at least one of the plurality of data communications channels is operable to support the digital transmit stream and the digital receive stream, and wherein the data network links the data network appliance to a registration server; and 
a registration module operable to transmit a registration request to the, registration server responsive to the proximity receiver detecting the announcement message.

2. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the proximity receiver is an infrared receiver.

3. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the proximity receiver is a radio frequency receiver.

4. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the proximity receiver operates according to the Bluetooth specification.

5. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the audio input signals and audio output signals are voice signals.

6. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the voice-over-data module is an application executable by the processor.

7. The data network appliance of claim 1, further comprising a proximity transmitter.

8. The data network appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a video input interface operable to receive a video input signal from the user; 
a video output interface operable to transmit a video output signal to the user; and 
a video-over-data module operable to convert the video input signal into a digital video transmit stream, and wherein the video-over-data module is operable to convert a digital video receive stream into the video output signal.

9. The data network appliance of claim 8, wherein the video-over-data module is integral with the voice-over-data module, and wherein the digital audio transmit stream and the digital video transmit stream compose a digital A/V transmit stream.

10. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the announcement message includes at least one user attribute, and wherein the registration request includes the at least one user attribute.

11. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the data network appliance determines whether the user is already registered to the data network appliance, and if so, does not transmit the registration request.

12. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the announcement message is validated prior to the registration module transmitting the registration request to the registration server.

13. The data network appliance of claim 10, further comprising a memory, wherein the at least one user attribute is stored in the memory responsive to the registration module transmitting a corresponding registration request to the registration server.

14. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the proximity receiver detects the announcement message including an associated user attribute, and wherein the registration module only transmits a registration request corresponding to the announcement message if the memory does not previously contain the associated user attribute.

15. The data network appliance of claim 1, further comprising a proximity transmitter operable to periodically transmit a ping message, wherein the announcement message is transmitted by the portable information device responsive to the portable information device receiving the ping message.

16. The data network appliance of claim 1, further comprising a proximity transmitter operable to transmit an acknowledgement message in response to the proximity receiver detecting the announcement message.

17. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity transmitter additionally transmits an acknowledgement message in response to the proximity receiver detecting the announcement message.

18. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter are radio frequency devices.

19. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter operate according to the Bluetooth specification.

20. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the proximity receiver is a magnetic field device.

21. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter are infrared devices operating according to the IRDA specification.

22. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter respectively receive and transmit audible signals.

23. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter respectively receive and transmit inaudible signals.

24. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter respectively receive and transmit visible signals.

25. The data network appliance of claim 16, wherein the proximity receiver and the proximity transmitter respectively receive and transmit non-visible signals.

26. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the registration request is in accordance with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).

27. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the registration request is in accordance with the H.323 Protocol.

28. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the registration request is in accordance with the MEGACO protocol.

29. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the registration request is in accordance with the MGCP protocol.

30. The data network appliance of claim 1, wherein the portable information device is a device selected from the group consisting of a personal digital assistant, a portable computer, a smart card, a portable phone, a two-way radio, an identification badge, and an electronic transaction card.