The Honorable John F. Keenan, United States District Court for the Southern *

District of New York, sitting by designation.

09-1012-cv

Phillips v. Centrix Inc.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO SUMMARY ORDERS FILED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007,

IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1 AND FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1. IN A

BRIEF OR OTHER PAPER IN WHICH A LITIGANT CITES A SUMMARY ORDER, IN EACH PARAGRAPH IN WHICH A CITATION APPEARS, AT LEAST

ONE CITATION MUST EITHER BE TO THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE NOTATION: “(SUMMARY ORDER).” A PARTY

CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF THAT SUMMARY ORDER TOGETHER WITH THE PAPER IN WHICH THE SUMMARY ORDER IS

CITED ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL UNLESS THE SUMMARY ORDER IS AVAILABLE IN AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE WHICH

IS PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT PAYMENT OF FEE (SUCH AS THE DATABASE AVAILABLE AT HTTP://WWW.CA2.USCOURTS.GOV/).

IF NO COPY IS SERVED BY REASON OF THE AVAILABILITY OF THE ORDER ON SUCH A DATABASE, THE CITATION MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE

TO THAT DATABASE AND THE DOCKET NUMBER OF THE CASE IN WHICH THE ORDER WAS ENTERED.

At a stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals

for the Second Circuit, held at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan

United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of

New York, on the 1 day of December, two thousand and nine. st

Present: ROBERT D. SACK,

RICHARD C. WESLEY,

Circuit Judges,

JOHN F. KEENAN,

District Judge.

*

__________________________________________________

PAUL J. PHILLIPS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

- v. - (09-1012-cv)

CENTRIX INC.,

Defendant-Appellee.

__________________________________________________ 
2

For Appellant: THOMAS W. BUCCI, Willinger

Willinger & Bucci P.C.,

Bridgeport, Connecticut.

For Appellee: MICHAEL J. SOLTIS, Jackson Lewis

LLP, Stamford, Connecticut. 

Appeal from the United States District Court for the

District of Connecticut (Bryant, J.).

1 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

2 AND DECREED that the February 13, 2009 order of the United

3 States District Court for the District of Connecticut is

4 AFFIRMED.

5 Plaintiff appeals from an order of the United States

6 District Court for the District of Connecticut (Bryant, J.),

7 which granted summary judgment in defendant’s favor on his

8 discrimination claim under the Age Discrimination in

9 Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq.,

10 and declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the

11 remaining state-law claim in the complaint. We presume the

12 parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the

13 procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

14 We review de novo a grant of summary judgment, and ADEA

15 claims in this Circuit are analyzed under the three-step

16 framework of McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792

17 (1973). See, e.g., Leibowitz v. Cornell Univ., 584 F.3d
3

1 487, 2009 WL 3403147, at *8 (2d Cir. Oct. 23, 2009). There

2 is no dispute here regarding the first two steps under

3 McDonnell Douglas: plaintiff established a prima facie case

4 of age discrimination, and defendant satisfied its

5 production burden of articulating a legitimate, non6 discriminatory reason for plaintiff’s termination. See

7 D’Cunha v. Genovese/Eckerd Corp., 479 F.3d 193, 195 (2d Cir.

8 2007) (per curiam). 

9 The focus of this appeal, then, is on the third step of

10 the McDonnell Douglas framework, i.e., the existence of

11 discrimination vel non. See Holtz v. Rockefeller & Co., 258

12 F.3d 62, 77 (2d Cir. 2001) (citing Reeves v. Sanderson

13 Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 142 (2000)). In order

14 to survive summary judgment at this stage of the analysis, a

15 plaintiff must adduce sufficient evidence to support a

16 reasonable inference “that age was the ‘but-for’ cause of

17 the employer’s adverse action.” Gross v. FBL Fin. Servs.,

18 Inc., 129 S. Ct. 2343, 2351 (2009); see also Leibowitz, 2009

19 WL 3403147, at *8 n.2.

20 Viewing the record as a whole, we conclude that

21 plaintiff has not satisfied this standard. First, the

22 statistical evidence cited by plaintiff is not probative of
4

1 but-for causation with respect to the adverse employment

2 action at issue. Cf. Radue v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 219

3 F.3d 612, 616 (7th Cir. 2000) (“[S]tatistics can only show a

4 relationship between an employer’s decisions and the

5 affected employees’ traits; they do not show causation.”). 

6 Second, the two remarks by defendant’s employees that are

7 cited by plaintiff — neither of which were directed at him —

8 reflect little, if any, age-based discriminatory animus. 

9 Indeed, plaintiff conceded in the proceedings below that

10 these remarks were insufficient to establish even a prima

11 facie case of age discrimination, which is a burden that we

12 have described as “de minimis,” Abdu-Brisson v. Delta Air

13 Lines, Inc., 239 F.3d 456, 467 (2d Cir. 2001). 

14 Finally, we find unpersuasive plaintiff’s emphasis on

15 defendant’s explanation for its decision not to terminate a

16 younger employee who had assumed some of plaintiff’s job

17 responsibilities in April 2006. Assuming, arguendo, that

18 plaintiff’s supervisor recommended that plaintiff be

19 terminated in late 2005, and that the same supervisor

20 reassigned some of plaintiff’s job responsibilities to a

21 younger employee in April 2006, there nevertheless remains a

22 paucity of evidence that either of those decisions was
5

1 motivated by plaintiff’s age rather than the business

2 reasons articulated by defendant. 

3 Simply put, a factfinder could not rationally conclude

4 from the sum of the evidence in the record that

5 discrimination based on plaintiff’s age was the “but-for”

6 cause of his termination. We have reviewed plaintiff’s

7 remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. 

8 Accordingly, the February 13, 2009 order of the district

9 court is hereby AFFIRMED.

10

11 For the Court

12 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk

13

14

15 By: ______________________

16