Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

All Buildings ............................................... 67,338 61,602 8,923 14,449 17,349 5,534 19,522 25,743 4,073

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000 .............................................. 6,774 5,684 679 2,271 1,183 Q 463 1,779 250

5,001 to 10,000 ............................................ 8,238 7,090 745 2,848 1,350 Q 1,040 2,301 Q

10,001 to 25,000 .......................................... 11,153 9,865 1,288 3,047 3,021 307 2,047 3,994 401

25,001 to 50,000 .......................................... 9,311 8,565 1,376 1,674 2,218 617 2,591 3,695 510

50,001 to 100,000 ........................................ 10,112 9,597 1,493 1,718 2,492 905 3,698 4,262 511

100,001 to 200,000 ...................................... 8,271 7,893 1,095 1,283 2,467 883 3,334 3,811 450

200,001 to 500,000 ...................................... 6,851 6,445 996 807 1,974 963 3,268 2,943 782

Over 500,000 ............................................... 6,628 6,465 1,250 802 2,643 1,698 3,081 2,959 903

Principal Building Activity

Education .................................................... 8,651 8,612 1,184 1,040 1,869 1,086 5,048 2,710 Q

Food Sales .................................................. 994 880 Q 263 Q Q Q 402 Q

Food Service ............................................... 1,851 1,721 Q 583 261 Q Q 895 Q

Health Care ................................................. 2,918 2,918 648 368 676 736 1,494 1,159 335

 Inpatient ..................................................... 1,865 1,865 486 Q 560 641 1,235 761 Q

 Outpatient .................................................. 1,053 1,053 Q 264 Q Q 259 398 Q

Lodging ........................................................ 4,521 4,424 1,068 649 1,659 527 1,814 1,688 Q

Mercantile .................................................... 10,398 9,848 1,340 2,234 2,448 Q 1,291 6,664 701

 Retail (Other Than Mall) ............................ 4,766 4,615 218 1,620 1,199 Q 536 2,171 Q

 Enclosed and Strip Malls ........................... 5,631 5,233 1,122 614 1,249 N 755 4,493 Q

Office ........................................................... 12,044 11,810 1,949 1,807 2,631 1,487 4,211 4,304 1,244

Public Assembly .......................................... 4,393 4,015 582 787 1,163 841 1,409 1,368 Q

Public Order and Safety .............................. 1,168 1,021 Q Q 232 297 541 251 Q

Religious Worship ....................................... 3,405 3,383 327 1,701 1,021 Q 1,010 1,047 Q

Service ........................................................ 3,388 3,027 381 1,129 1,165 Q 532 1,184 224

Warehouse and Storage ............................. 10,477 8,104 888 3,270 3,560 Q 1,369 3,542 428

Other ............................................................ 1,222 1,086 Q 309 257 Q 247 383 Q

Vacant ......................................................... 1,908 754 Q 218 Q Q Q Q Q

Year Constructed

1919 or Before ............................................. 4,034 3,593 251 1,214 1,042 480 1,397 428 Q

1920 to 1945 ................................................ 6,445 5,559 449 1,552 1,772 764 2,264 1,476 Q

1946 to 1959 ................................................ 9,127 8,402 1,064 2,082 2,551 1,065 2,762 2,917 563

1960 to 1969 ................................................ 10,866 9,966 1,129 2,053 2,496 1,351 4,231 3,961 560

1970 to 1979 ................................................ 11,840 10,916 1,651 2,235 3,345 769 3,275 4,899 684

1980 to 1989 ................................................ 13,931 12,566 2,583 2,927 3,428 606 3,114 6,379 1,012

1990 to 1999 ................................................ 11,094 10,600 1,796 2,387 2,715 499 2,479 5,684 786

Census Region

Northeast ..................................................... 12,360 11,667 1,193 2,257 3,555 1,876 5,469 4,033 769

Midwest ....................................................... 16,761 15,916 1,015 5,767 4,667 1,514 5,961 5,081 1,113

South ........................................................... 23,485 20,598 4,580 3,949 5,471 1,022 4,209 10,455 1,391

West ............................................................ 14,731 13,421 2,135 2,476 3,657 1,121 3,883 6,175 800

Climate Zone: 45-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

 More than 7,000 HDD ................................ 5,890 5,669 283 1,736 1,754 250 2,815 1,436 362

 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................................... 17,083 16,206 1,135 4,996 4,866 1,736 6,733 5,623 1,222

 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................................... 16,243 15,292 2,827 4,004 4,750 2,405 5,072 4,851 1,026

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 16,333 14,923 3,015 2,197 3,915 677 3,480 8,600 786

2,000 CDD or More and --

 Fewer than 4,000 HDD .............................. 11,788 9,512 1,663 1,516 2,064 466 1,422 5,233 676

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 104
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5 ................................................ 14,321 10,552 707 3,874 2,913 289 1,840 3,005 673

5 to 9 ............................................................ 6,325 6,020 655 2,510 1,680 292 1,285 1,788 178

10 to 19 ........................................................ 8,028 7,762 1,340 1,953 1,973 372 1,771 3,002 219

20 to 49 ........................................................ 10,814 10,347 1,761 2,631 2,538 534 2,739 4,935 451

50 to 99 ........................................................ 8,898 8,536 1,401 1,221 2,531 645 3,234 4,416 300

100 to 249 .................................................... 8,356 8,053 1,105 1,164 2,376 1,031 3,706 4,172 608

250 or More ................................................. 10,595 10,333 1,954 1,095 3,339 2,371 4,948 4,426 1,644

Weekly Operating Hours

39 or Fewer ................................................. 6,596 4,217 313 1,765 1,051 Q 1,140 1,200 Q

40 to 48 ........................................................ 13,105 12,090 1,863 3,664 3,321 730 3,170 4,093 472

49 to 60 ........................................................ 14,200 13,677 1,963 3,580 3,657 910 4,337 5,101 1,089

61 to 84 ........................................................ 12,458 11,787 1,501 2,183 3,086 911 3,542 5,835 915

85 to 167 ...................................................... 9,116 8,399 1,179 1,697 2,558 830 2,316 4,436 394

Open Continuously ...................................... 11,863 11,432 2,105 1,560 3,677 2,114 5,018 5,077 1,025

Multibuilding Facility Activity

Not Part of a Multibuilding

 Facility ........................................................ 41,289 38,071 5,574 10,209 11,297 1,366 11,936 15,861 2,689

College or University ................................... 2,605 2,585 Q Q 319 1,757 566 266 Q

Primary or Secondary School ...................... 3,388 3,268 428 494 747 Q 1,724 1,515 Q

Office Complex ............................................ 3,353 3,250 331 345 483 Q 1,392 1,333 309

Retail Complex ............................................ 3,555 3,205 472 650 857 Q Q 2,339 Q

Religious Campus or Complex .................... 1,907 1,885 Q 832 584 Q 462 708 Q

Health Care Complex .................................. 2,339 2,302 604 Q 530 818 1,056 922 Q

Government Complex ................................. 1,513 1,348 Q Q 437 740 429 200 Q

Other ............................................................ 7,389 5,690 862 1,655 2,096 491 1,677 2,599 346

Energy Sources (more than

one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 65,716 61,565 8,923 14,449 17,321 5,534 19,514 25,743 4,073

Natural Gas ................................................. 45,525 44,385 5,627 11,960 13,561 2,431 16,588 20,043 2,680

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 13,285 13,074 2,263 2,090 4,351 1,787 7,485 4,237 1,463

District Heat ................................................. 5,891 5,862 811 Q 1,314 5,534 301 847 285

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 376 Q 567 2,279 326 497 159

Propane ....................................................... 6,290 6,076 838 1,801 1,915 Q 2,153 2,562 451

Other ............................................................ 2,322 2,276 316 526 1,032 Q 1,044 1,018 483

Space-Heating Energy Sources

(more than one may apply)

Electricity ..................................................... 32,291 32,291 8,667 6,822 12,350 1,609 8,410 16,861 2,972

Natural Gas ................................................. 37,902 37,893 4,466 11,524 11,488 678 15,131 17,324 1,982

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 5,611 5,611 532 1,295 1,444 Q 4,176 1,040 341

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 730 Q 1,210 5,534 Q 767 249

Propane ....................................................... 2,728 2,728 204 1,075 1,051 Q 672 937 272

Other ............................................................ 945 945 Q Q 534 Q 420 Q 315

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity ..................................................... 17,627 17,627 5,009 2,281 4,788 Q 2,171 10,090 1,807

Natural Gas ................................................. 32,729 32,729 3,076 10,311 9,945 211 13,918 13,958 1,634

Fuel Oil ........................................................ 3,719 3,719 Q 821 683 Q 2,717 333 Q

District Heat ................................................. 5,077 5,077 588 Q 1,042 5,077 Q 602 Q

Propane ....................................................... 2,107 2,107 Q 864 725 N Q 623 Q

Other ............................................................ 343 343 Q Q Q N Q Q Q

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 105
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Energy End Uses (more than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ...................... 61,602 61,602 8,923 14,449 17,349 5,534 19,522 25,743 4,073

Buildings with Cooling ................................. 58,474 56,361 8,766 12,819 15,708 4,844 17,947 25,134 3,592

Buildings with Water Heating ...................... 56,115 54,204 8,106 12,265 15,163 4,943 18,615 23,491 3,669

Buildings with Cooking ................................ 24,681 23,813 4,313 3,576 7,145 2,337 11,111 11,346 1,705

Buildings with Manufacturing ....................... 3,126 3,031 348 1,162 1,355 Q 730 1,349 Q

Buildings with Electricity

 Generation .................................................. 11,882 11,643 2,396 1,437 4,275 1,986 5,704 5,016 1,444

Percent of Floorspace Heated

Not Heated .................................................. 5,736 N N N N N N N N

1 to 50 .......................................................... 7,593 7,593 1,098 2,718 2,432 Q 1,203 2,702 607

51 to 99 ........................................................ 10,745 10,745 1,797 3,042 3,332 886 2,977 4,661 774

100 ............................................................... 43,264 43,264 6,028 8,689 11,585 4,575 15,343 18,380 2,692

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps ................................................. 8,923 8,923 8,923 1,585 2,644 730 2,634 3,828 444

Furnaces ...................................................... 14,449 14,449 1,585 14,449 4,460 Q 2,256 3,698 418

Individual Space Heaters ............................ 17,349 17,349 2,644 4,460 17,349 1,210 5,356 7,654 1,096

District Heat ................................................. 5,534 5,534 730 Q 1,210 5,534 Q 767 249

Boilers ......................................................... 19,522 19,522 2,634 2,256 5,356 Q 19,522 5,277 795

Packaged Heating Units .............................. 25,743 25,743 3,828 3,698 7,654 767 5,277 25,743 1,193

Other ............................................................ 4,073 4,073 444 418 1,096 249 795 1,193 4,073

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

 Air Conditioners .......................................... 8,329 8,010 1,362 4,975 2,810 303 2,282 2,617 646

Heat Pumps ................................................. 9,147 9,052 8,243 1,601 2,750 701 2,749 3,799 528

Individual Air Conditioners ........................... 14,276 13,754 2,378 3,655 6,603 1,140 6,406 5,127 887

District Chilled Water ................................... 2,750 2,739 376 Q 567 2,279 326 497 159

Central Chillers ............................................ 12,909 12,560 2,109 1,259 3,863 2,069 8,549 4,425 1,679

Packaged Air Conditioning

 Units ........................................................... 36,527 35,247 4,709 7,240 10,774 1,884 10,047 23,495 2,138

Swamp Coolers ........................................... 2,219 2,190 483 756 835 Q 823 1,253 Q

Other ............................................................ 1,312 1,257 285 225 285 Q 637 385 468

Main Equipment Replaced Since

1995 (more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 13,220 13,220 2,392 3,550 3,797 Q 2,857 6,833 623

Cooling ........................................................ 17,390 16,386 2,859 4,009 4,781 826 5,240 7,755 716

Building Shell Conservation

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows ................................... 38,193 36,962 6,068 8,881 10,930 3,233 13,442 15,101 2,752

Tinted, Reflective, or

 Shading Glass ............................................ 29,915 28,777 4,617 5,194 7,488 2,904 9,604 14,049 2,303

HVAC Conservation Features

(more than one may apply)

Variable Air-Volume System ....................... 19,387 18,942 2,773 2,473 5,022 2,780 8,355 8,506 1,734

Economizer Cycle ........................................ 21,256 21,107 3,302 2,986 6,237 3,275 9,342 10,599 1,847

HVAC Maintenance ..................................... 53,395 51,983 8,055 11,148 13,715 5,296 18,379 23,294 3,356

Energy Management and

 Control System (EMCS) ............................. 21,613 21,252 3,198 2,290 5,762 3,865 9,514 9,418 2,235

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 106
Heat 

Pumps Furnaces

Individual 

Space 

Heaters

District 

Heat Boilers

Packaged 

Heating Units Other

Table B33. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1999

Total Floorspace (million square feet)

All

Buildings

All

Heated

Buildings

Heating Equipment (more than one may apply)

Off-Hour Equipment Reduction

(more than one may apply)

Heating ........................................................ 39,969 39,969 5,710 10,360 10,497 2,906 12,118 16,602 2,364

Cooling ........................................................ 39,161 37,743 5,413 9,450 10,062 2,538 11,606 16,697 2,173

Lighting ........................................................ 51,083 48,300 6,650 12,514 13,135 3,377 14,096 19,932 2,883

Office Equipment ......................................... 9,063 8,802 1,242 1,469 2,181 725 4,222 3,587 412

Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

N=No responding cases in sample.

Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.

Energy Information Administration

1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Building Characteristics Tables 107