DOE/EIA-0584(95)

Distribution Category

UC-98

Coal Industry Annual 1995

Energy Information Administration

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be

construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other

organization.
Contacts

This publication was prepared by Frederick L. Freme,

Michelle Bowles, Stephen Scott, Thomas Murphy, and

Mary K. Paull under the direction of Noel C.

Balthasar, Chief, Coal Data Branch, Coal and Electric

Data and Renewables Division, Office of Coal,

Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels. Specific information about the data in this report can be obtained

from Frederick L. Freme (202/426-1152), or e-mail

FFREME @EIA.DOE.GOV. All other questions on

coal statistics should be directed to the National

Energy Information Center (202/586-8800), or e-mail

INFOCTR@EIA.DOE.GOV.

ii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Preface

Coal Industry Annual 1995 provides comprehensive

information about U.S. coal production, number of

mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive

capacity, and recoverable reserves. U.S. coal production for 1995 and previous years is based on the

annual survey EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report."

This report presents data on coal consumption, coal

distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, coal quality, and

emissions for Congress, Federal and State agencies,

the coal industry, and the general public. Appendix A

contains a compilation of coal statistics for the major

coal-producing States. This report does not include

coal consumption data for nonutility power producers

that are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining,

construction, or commercial sectors. Consumption for

nonutility power producers not included in this report

is estimated to be 21 million short tons for 1995.

The data presented in the report were collected and

published by the Energy Information Administration

(EIA), to fulfill its data collection and dissemination

responsibilities, as specified in the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as

amended. Data for the Demonstrated Reserve Base

(DRB) are now reported in U.S. Coal Reserves: A

Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529). However, this

report presents data on the recoverable portion of the

DRB in Table 105.

The base year for the implicit price deflator, which is

used to convert nominal figures to real figures was

changed to 1992 from the previous base year of 1987

(Table D3).

This report constitutes the 20th annual report on coal

production published by EIA and continues the series

formerly included in the Minerals Yearbook published

by the Bureau of Mines.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the

respondents in supplying the information presented in

this report and appreciates the valuable assistance of

State coal mining agencies; the U.S. Department of

the Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the

Minerals Management Service; the U.S. Department

of Labor: the Mine Safety and Health Administration,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the U.S. Department of

Commerce: the Bureau of the Census; and the King

Publishing Corporation.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 iii 
Contents

Page

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1

Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Productive Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

25

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines ......................................................  37

Producer/Distributor Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

51

Employment and Productivity ............................................................................. 

 59

Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

129

Domestic Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

131

Foreign Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Coal Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Mine Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

153

Consumer Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Import/Export Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Coal Quality and Emissions ..............................................................................  185

Appendices

A. Major Coal Producing States ........................................................................  197

B. Metric Tables ......................................................................................  215

C. References .........................................................................................  231

D. Explanatory Notes ..................................................................................  235

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

249

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 v 
Tables

Page

1. Coal Production by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ......................................................... 5

2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 .................................................. 6

3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1995 ................................ 7

4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1995 ....................... 8

5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1995 ................................... 

12

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1995 ....... 13

7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1995 .................................. 15

8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 1995 ............... 

16

9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1995 ............................... 17

10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1995 ............................................. 18

11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 ....................................... 19

12. Coal Production by State and Disposition, 1995 ................................................... 

21

13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal and Indian Leases by State, 1995 ....... 

22

14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1995 ..................................................................... 

23

15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1995 ................................................................. 24

16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ...................................... 26

17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ...................................... 

27

18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Type, 199528

19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1995 ........... 

30

21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 199531

22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and Capacity Utilization Range, 1995 ... 

32

23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Recoverable Reserves Range,

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 .......................... 

39

26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ................... 40

27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and Mining Method, 1995 ..... 42

29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine

Production Range and Mine Type, 1995 ........................................................... 44

31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Coalbed

Thickness and Mine Type, 1995 .................................................................. 44

32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, Mine Type,

and Union Type, 1995 ........................................................................... 45

33. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from Producing Federal Coal Leases by

State, Fiscal Year 1995 .......................................................................... 47

34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1991-1995 ................................ 50

35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................ 

53

36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................................... 54

37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1986, 1991-1995 ........ 55

38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1986,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of Origin and Destination State,

1993-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

58

40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................................. 63

41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................... 64

42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................ 65

43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1995 ............................. 

66

44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1995 ........ 67

45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1995 ............. 68

vi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 ............................ 

69

47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1986, 1991-1995 ......................................................... 

70

48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................................... 

74

49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995 .................................. 

75

50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................................... 

76

51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1995 ........................................... 

77

52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine Type, 1986, 1991-1995 .............. 

79

53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1995 ....................... 

81

54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1995 .......................... 

82

55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1995 ..................... 

83

56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1995 ................... 

84

57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 .............................. 

86

58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1991-1995 ............................................ 

91

59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1991-1995 ...................... 

92

60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1995 ............................................................... 

93

61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and State, and Destination Census

Division and State, 1991-1995 .................................................................... 

94

62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1991-1995 ...... 

106

63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

111

64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1991-1995114

65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995 .............. 

118

66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1995 ............................................................... 

133

67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................ 

135

68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ................... 

137

69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ......... 

138

70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ..... 

139

71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ........ 

140

72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ..... 

141

73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 .................... 

142

74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ............... 

142

75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census Division and State, 1986,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

143

76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................................... 

147

77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................. 

148

78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................ 

149

79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1986, 1991-1995 .............................................. 

150

80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................... 

154

81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................................... 

155

82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1995 ........................................ 

156

83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1995 ...................... 

157

84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, by State and County, 1995 ............ 

158

85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1995 ................................................ 

162

86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1995 .................. 

163

87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1995 ...................... 

163

88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1995 ................................ 

164

89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1995 ................... 

165

90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1995 ........................ 

166

91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1995 ............................................... 

167

92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995170

93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1986,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

171

94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1986,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

172

95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1986,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

173

96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ..... 

174

97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995175

98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1986, 1991-1995 .......... 

178

99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 .............................. 

179

100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ......................... 

180

101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ................. 

181

102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ............ 

182

103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................ 

183

104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 ................... 

184

105. Estimate of the Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and Mine Type ............... 

186

106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995188

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 vii 
107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1993-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

192

A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................................ 197

A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................................ 198

A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................................................... 

199

A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ......................................................... 200

A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ......................................................... 201

A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................................................... 202

A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................................ 

203

A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 .................................................... 204

A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................................... 205

A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................................... 

206

A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................................... 207

A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 .......................................................... 208

A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................................... 209

A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................................................ 

210

A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................................... 211

A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................................................... 212

A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................................. 213

A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995 ...................................................... 

214

B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1986, 1991-1995 ...... 215

B2. Coal Production by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ....................................................... 216

B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ..................................... 

217

B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................................ 

218

B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1986, 1991-1995 ........................... 

219

B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995 .............................................. 220

B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................ 

221

B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ................... 222

B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destinaion, 1986, 1991-1995 ............................................... 223

B10. Average Mine Price by State, 1986, 1991-1995 ................................................... 

224

B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995225

B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1986,

1991-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995 ..... 

227

B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1986, 1991-1995 .......... 228

B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995 .............................. 

229

C1. Classification of Coals by Rank ................................................................. 232

C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal .............................................................. 234

D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations ................. 

236

D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1995 ......................... 239

D3. Implicit Price Deflator, 1986-1995 ............................................................... 

247

Illustrations

Page

1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1995 ............................................................... 

4

2. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1986-1995 ....... 38

3. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1986-199538

4. U.S. Coal Imports, 1986-1995 .................................................................... 52

5. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1986-1995 .......................... 62

6. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1986-1995 ............................ 62

7. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1986-1995 .............................................................. 71

8. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1986-1995 ............................................................. 

71

9. Coal Distribution, 1986-1995 ..................................................................... 90

10. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1986-1995 .............................................................. 132

11. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1986-1995 .......................................................... 136

12. U.S. Coal Exports, 1986-1995 ................................................................... 

146

13. Coal Prices, 1986-1995 ......................................................................... 152

14. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1986-1995 ........................................................... 169

C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States ......................................................... 

231

viii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Executive Summary

Coal's Role in the U.S.

Energy Picture

Total U.S. energy production in 1995 continued the

upward swing begun in 1994, rising 1 percent to 71.16

quadrillion Btu. Coal production in Btu terms dropped

less than 1 percent to 21.91 quadrillion Btu (1,033

million short tons), mainly because the production of

low-Btu coal in Wyoming increased by 11 percent.

Nuclear electric power and renewable energy sources,

in particular conventional hydroelectric power and

biofuels, were up from their 1994 levels, while natural

gas and oil production declined (Table ES1).

Total U.S. energy consumption reached a record level

of 90.62 quadrillion Btu in 1995, the fourth consecutive year of growth. Coal consumption reached 19.62

quadrillion Btu (941 million short tons), a 1-percent

increase over the 1994 level. Consumption of natural

gas, nuclear electric, hydroelectric power, and

biofuels also rose, while consumption of petroleum

went down.

The electric utility sector accounted for 88 percent of

the total coal consumed in 1995. Coal-fired units

represented 55 percent of utility generation of electricity, 1 percent less than in 1994. Petroleum generation paralled this decline. Electricity generated by

hydroelectric and nuclear power, and by natural gas

increased (Table ES2).

U.S. coal exports rebounded after 3 years of decline to

again become the primary U.S. energy export. In

1995, U.S. coal exports rose to 2.32 (89 million short

tons) quadrillion Btu, 23 percent more than in 1994.

In comparison, coal imports, accounting for less than

1 percent of U.S. energy imports, declined to 0.18 (7

million short tons) quadrillion Btu, 5 percent less than

in 1994.

Production

U.S. coal production totaled 1,033 million short tons,

about the same as in 1994. Wyoming's production set

a record high; it remained the leading coal-producing

State, followed by West Virginia, and Kentucky. On

the other hand, Kentucky's production was at the

lowest level since 1985; Indiana and Virginia's coal

output was the lowest since 1978; and Ohio had the

lowest level of production since 1940. (This output

does not include about 4 million short tons of low-Btu

waste coal, which is recovered and used by independent power producers and reported to their respective State governments.)

Coal production for States east of the Mississippi

River declined to 544 million short tons, as demand

for low price subbituminous coal from Wyoming

increased. The States with the largest decrease in production were Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, and

Virginia, which together had 24 million short tons less

coal output than in 1994. The eastern States had a

combined net loss of 244 mines and 6,982 miners.

However, miner productivity in this region rose 5

percent in 1995 to 3.45 short tons per miner per hour,

the second consecutive year of substantial gain. This

is due in part to the closure of some small, lessproductive mines and to the increased utilization of

more productive mining methods (example longwall).

Coal production west of the Mississippi River reached

a record 489 million short tons, despite 6 fewer mines

in the region and 266 fewer miners. Wyoming's coal

output, which was 27 million short tons higher than in

1994, accounted for most of the growth. Miner productivity in the region rose 7 percent to 14.18 short

tons per miner per hour, in part due to the use of new,

upgraded equipment at the mines.

Coal Mine Prices

The average price of U.S. coal in 1995 was $18.83 per

short ton, 3 percent less than in 1994. The price of

coal from mines west of the Mississippi River fell 4

percent from the 1994 level. Coal prices at mines east

of the Mississippi River also dipped, but by less than

1 percent.

Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports in 1995 were 7 million short tons, 5

percent less than in 1994. Colombia accounted for

most of the decrease in tonnage, with over 600,000

short tons less coal shipped in 1995 than in 1994. The

decline was partially offset by increased shipments

from Venezuela and Australia. Colombia exported 19

percent less coal and Venezuela exported 21 percent

more to the United States electric utility sector.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 ix 
Table ES1. U.S. Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1986, 1991-1995

(Quadrillion Btu)

Average Annual Percent Activity and P Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change Energy Source 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

 R RR Production .................................................. 71.16 70.62 68.32 69.96 70.41 64.35 0.8 0.3 1.1 RR Fossil Fuels ................................................ 57.40 57.83 55.71 57.55 57.83 56.58 −.7 −.2 .2 R Coal ......................................................... 21.91 22.07 20.22 21.59 21.59 19.51 −.7 .4 1.3 RR Natural Gas (Dry) ................................... 19.23 19.27 18.58 18.38 18.23 16.54 −.2 1.3 1.7 R Crude Oil1............................................... 13.82 14.10 14.49 15.22 15.70 18.38 −2.0 −3.1 −3.1

Natural Gas Plant Liquids ...................... 2.44 2.39 2.41 2.36 2.31 2.15 2.1 1.4 1.4 R Nuclear Electric Power.............................. 7.19 6.84 6.52 6.61 6.58 4.47 5.1 2.2 5.4

 R Hydroelectric Pumped Storage2................ −.03 −.03 −.04 −.04 −.05 (3) −−− R RRR Renewable Energy ..................................... 6.60 5.99 6.13 5.84 6.05 3.30 10.2 2.2 8.0

Conventional Hydroelectric Power......... 3.20 2.67 2.88 2.61 2.98 3.07 19.6 1.8 .4 R RRR Geothermal Energy ................................. .36 .38 .38 .37 .35 .22 −5.2 1.0 5.7 R RR Biofuels4 ................................................. 2.94 2.85 2.78 2.79 2.64 .01 3.1 2.7 83.8

Solar Energy............................................ .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 −− − −

Wind Energy ........................................... .04 .04 .03 .03 .03 * 13.6 10.3 81.5

 R RR Imports ........................................................ 22.44 22.71 21.54 19.66 18.58 14.44 −1.2 4.8 5.0 R Natural Gas ............................................. 2.80 2.68 2.40 2.16 1.80 .75 4.2 11.6 15.8 R Crude Oil5............................................... 15.74 15.34 14.75 13.25 12.55 9.00 2.6 5.8 6.4 R Petroleum Products6 ............................... 3.20 3.91 3.76 3.71 3.79 4.20 −18.1 −4.1 −3.0 R RRR Coal ......................................................... .18 .19 .18 .10 .08 .05 −5.3 22.5 15.3 R RRR Other7 ...................................................... .52 .59 .45 .43 .36 .44 −11.9 9.6 1.9

 R Exports ........................................................ 4.58 4.12 4.35 5.02 5.22 4.06 11.0 −3.2 1.4

Coal ......................................................... 2.32 1.88 1.96 2.68 2.85 2.25 23.5 −5.0 .3

Crude Oil................................................. 1.99 1.99 2.12 2.01 2.13 1.67 .2 −1.6 2.0 R Other8 ...................................................... .27 .26 .27 .33 .24 .14 3.4 2.8 7.7

 R R RR Adjustments9 .............................................. 1.59 −.32 1.51 .65 .27 −.44 −−−

 R RRR Consumption10 .......................................... 90.62 88.90 87.03 85.26 84.05 74.30 1.9 1.9 2.2 RR Fossil Fuels ................................................ 76.47 75.64 74.12 72.55 71.23 66.15 1.1 1.8 1.6

Coal ......................................................... 19.62 19.54 19.43 18.87 18.77 17.26 .4 1.1 1.4

Coal Coke Net Imports........................... .03 .02 .02 .03 .01 −.02 −−− RR Natural Gas11 ......................................... 22.20 21.34 20.83 20.13 19.61 16.71 4.0 3.1 3.2 R Petroleum12 ............................................ 34.62 34.73 33.84 33.53 32.85 32.20 −.3 1.3 .8 R Nuclear Electric Power.............................. 7.19 6.84 6.52 6.61 6.58 4.47 5.1 2.2 5.4

 R Hydroelectric Pumped Storage2................ −.03 −.03 −.04 −.04 −.05 (3) −−− R RRR Renewable Energy ..................................... 6.88 6.30 6.40 6.11 6.27 3.68 9.3 2.3 7.2

 R RRR Conventional Hydroelectric Power13 3.46 2.96 3.14 2.85 3.18 3.45 17.0 2.1 * R RRR Geothermal Energy14 ............................. .36 .38 .38 .37 .35 .22 −5.2 1.0 5.7 R RR Biofuels4 ................................................. 2.94 2.85 2.78 2.79 2.64 .01 3.1 2.7 83.8

Solar Energy............................................ .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 −− − −

Wind Energy ........................................... .04 .04 .03 .03 .03 * 13.6 10.3 81.5

1 Includes lease condensate.

2 Represents total pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.

3 Pumped storage is included in conventional hydroelectric power.

4 Includes wood, wood waste, peat, wood liquors, railroad ties, pitch, wood sludge, municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, straw, tires, landfill gases,

fish oils, and/or other waste.

5 Includes imports of crude oil for the Stategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.

6 Includes imports of unfinished oils and natural gas plant liquids.

7 ‘‘Other’’ imports are electricity and coal coke.

8 ‘‘Other’’ exports are natural gas, petroleum products, electricity and coal coke.

9 A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted for supply.

10 From 1990, the portion of net imports of electricity that is derived from nonrenewable energy sources is included directly in ‘‘Consumption.’’

11 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels.

12 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.

13 Includes net imports of electricity.

14 Includes electricity imports from Mexico that are derived from geothermal energy.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data. P Preliminary data.

 Notes: Coal Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1995, DOE/EIA-0384(95), Table 1.1.

x Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table ES2. Share of U.S. Electric Utility Net Generation of Electricity by Source, 1986, 1991-1995

(Percent)

Energy Source 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986

Coal ............................................................................. 55.2 56.2 56.9 56.3 54.9 55.7

Natural Gas................................................................ 10.3 10.0 9.0 9.4 9.4 10.0

Petroleum1 ................................................................. 2.0 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.9 5.5

Nuclear Power ........................................................... 22.5 22.0 21.2 22.1 21.7 16.6

Hydroelectric Power ................................................. 9.8 8.4 9.2 8.6 9.8 11.7

Geothermal and Other2 ........................................... .2 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5

Total ............................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil (including crude oil burned as fuel), jet fuel, and petroleum coke.

2 Other is wood, waste, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy used to generate electricity for distribution.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

The average price of imported coal in 1995 went up

by 13 percent from 1994 to $34.13 per short ton. The

average price of coal imported from all foreign

sources rose in 1995. Coal imports were valued at

$246 million, up from $229 million in 1994.

Coal Consumption

In 1995, domestic coal consumption rose to a record

of 941 million short tons, a 1-percent increase over

1994. (This total does not include about 21 million

short tons of coal consumed by independent power

producers in 1995.) Electric utility coal consumption

rose by 1 percent to 829 million short tons, even

though net generation at electric utilities rose by 3

percent. Coal consumption at electric utilities was

indirectly affected by: a substantial increase in hydroelectric generation due to heavy precipitation, particularly in California and the Pacific Northwest; higher

nuclear generation; and abundant supplies of low-cost

natural gas which, at some electric utilities, allowed

gas to edge out coal as the lowest cost fuel for electric

generation.

Industrial plants consumed 73 million short tons of

coal, 3 percent less than in 1994. Coal carbonized at

coke plants increased by 4 percent to 33 million short

tons, while the residential and commercial sectors

consumed about 6 million short tons.

The average sulfur content (measured as percent

sulfur by weight) of coal received at electric utilities

in 1995 was 1.08 percent, down 7 percent from 1994.

The quality of coal received at manufacturing and

coke plants showed a sulfur content of 1.15, slightly

less than in 1994.

Table ES3. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1986, 1991-1995

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Production............................................ 1,033 1,034 945 998 996 890 * 0.9 1.7

Imports................................................. 7 8 7 4 3 2 −5.0 20.7 14.0

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 34 33 25 34 33 34 3.7 1.1 .1

Consumption........................................ 941 930 926 892 888 804 1.1 1.5 1.8

Exports................................................. 89 71 75 103 109 86 24.1 −5.0 .4

Consumer Stocks1............................... 135 136 120 164 168 175 −1.1 −5.3 −2.9

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’ • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’ • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 xi 
Coal Stocks

Coal stocks held by consumers on December 31,

1995, totaled 135 million short tons, 1.3 million short

tons less than in 1994. Compared with 1994, year-end

1995 coal stocks in the electric utility and other

industrial sectors declined by 0.3 million short tons

and 1.0 million short tons, respectively, while coal

stocks at coke plants remained about the same. Producer and distributor stocks at the end of 1995 were

34 million short tons, an increase of 1.2 million short

tons.

Delivered Coal Prices

The price of coal delivered to all consuming sectors

except coke plants declined in 1995. The delivered

price of coal to the electric utility and other industrial

sectors dropped by 4 percent and 1 percent, respectively, to $27.01 per short ton and $32.42 per short

ton. The price of coal delivered to coke plants rose 2

percent to $47.34 per short ton.

Coal Exports

U.S. coal exports rose by 24 percent to 89 million

short tons in 1995, reversing the downward trend

begun in 1991. A 36-percent increase in shipments to

Europe accounted for most of the growth.

Compared with 1994, steam coal exports rose 52

percent in 1995 to 36 million short tons. After

declining sharply in 1993, steam coal exports to

Europe nearly leveled off in 1994 at 11 million short

tons, and then more than doubled in 1995 to 21

million short tons. Steam coal exports to Asia

remained about the same while steam coal exports to

North America increased 7 percent.

U.S. metallurgical coal exports increased by 10

percent from the 1994 level, to 52 million short tons.

Higher shipments to coke plants in Romania, Brazil,

the Netherlands, and Japan accounted for most of the

increase.

West Virginia continued to dominate coal exports in

1995, shipping over 44 million short tons, a

22-percent increase from 1994. About 78 percent, or

35 million short tons, went to overseas metallurgical

coal markets, while exports to overseas steam markets

more than doubled reaching 10 million short tons.

The average price of U.S. coal exports in 1995 was

$40.27 per short ton, a 1-percent increase. U.S.

metallurgical coal export prices rose 4 percent to

$44.30 per short ton. U.S. steam coal export prices

went up slightly to $34.51 per short ton. Coal exports

in 1995 were valued at $3.6 billion.

Company Mergers & Sales

Beacon Group Energy Investment Fund LP paid

nearly $232 million for 75 percent of Mapco Coal Inc.

The two companies formed a limited partnership to

operate the coal company. Mapco's production totaled

13.6 million short tons, making it the 18th ranked coal

producing company in the United States.

In February 1995, Kindill Mining purchased three

surface mines located in Indiana. The Old Ben 1 and

Old Ben 2 surface mines were purchased from Zeigler

Coal Holding and the Minnehaha mine was purchased

from Cyprus AMAX Coal. The mines will be renamed

"Kindill 1", "Kindill 2", and "Kindill 3", respectively.

Kindill Mining was formed in 1995 by Wayne Park,

formerly of Cyprus AMAX Coal and Old Ben Coal.

Fifty percent of the old Minnehaha (now Kindill 3)

mine's production comes from the Addcar highwall

mining system, where the miners work both existing

highwalls of the mine. The Addcar system will be

used as part of a trench mining plan (100-foot-wide

trenches will be dug, exposing the coal seam on two

sides, worked simultaneously by the highwall miner).

The viability of this method in the current low-priced

coal market is uncertain. The remaining 50 percent of

the mine's coal production will come from a dragline,

performing more conventional surface mining in the

Indiana No. 6 and No. 7 coal seams. By mid-year

1996, the mine produced nearly 600 thousand short

tons. The coal reserves associated with the Minnehaha

mine are estimated to be 20 million short tons.

In May 1995, James River Coal purchased Transco

Coal from the Williams Companies. The transaction

included the Transco subsidiaries Kem Coal, Leeco

Inc., Mountain Clay, and Randall Fuel. In return,

Williams receives $65 million in cash and $23 million

in preferred stock. The use of preferred stock as

partial payment allowed James River to finance debt

for future projects, while preserving its equity base.

The purchase agreement did not include any Transco

properties in Tennessee.

James River Chairman, James Crawford, has stated

that Transco's contracts and mines could be consolidated with James Rivers'. He expects the expansion

of surface mining operations to depend upon the profitability of sales in the spot and short term markets.

Mr. Crawford also stated that James River will concentrate on lower-cost deep mining. James River Coal

produced 8 million short tons during 1995, ranking it

as the 23rd largest coal producer in the United States.

In addition to the acquisition of Transco's assets,

James River also sold some of its properties to Leslie

Resources. In late December 1995, Leslie Resources

completed a purchase of the common stock of James

River's Kem Coal (part of the above-mentioned

Transco package), Mountain Clay, New Brush Creek

Mining, and Aceco Companies. These James River

subsidiaries operated surface mines in Leslie, Perry

and Knott counties in eastern Kentucky. Other assets

in the deal included mining equipment and 88 million

tons of combined recoverable reserves.

xii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
In January 1995, Costain Group sold its 80 percent

interest in the Dolet Hills Mining Venture to Jones

Capital Corporation (Costain's minority partner and a

subsidiary of the German-owned construction

company Philipp Holzmann AG). In October 1995,

Costain agreed to sell its Area 6 surface mine located

in Alabama, and 25 to 30 million tons of associated

underground reserves.

In 1995, Costain Coal Inc. reported 10.4 million short

tons of coal production. They were the 20th ranked

coal producing company in the United States.

Completing its exit as a coal producer in West

Virginia, the Westmoreland Coal Company sold its

remaining assets in the State for $9 million in cash,

according to a company representative. The assets

included a term supply contract with Appalachian

Power, which was acquired by Burco Resources of

Big Stone Gap, Virginia, and the Hampton No. 3 prep

plant and load-out, which were acquired by Wind

River Resources of Bob White, West Virginia. Also

included in the transaction was Westmoreland's

remaining West Virginia coal lease, which was sold

back to the lessor, Penn Virginia Coal.

Addington Resources Inc. (ARI) sold its coal assets to

Addington Enterprises, which includes founder Larry

Addington and brothers Bruce and Robert, for $30

million. Addington Enterprises will assume liabilities

as well as future royalty payments. The sale finalized

November 1995 included the purchase of the

Tennessee Mining Co., Addwest Mining, and four

Kentucky mines left after the acquisition by the

Pittston Coal Company. Also included in the sale was

ARI's mining equipment subsidiary, the developer of

the Addcar Highwall mining system.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 xiii 
Figure ES1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1995

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Producer/Distributor Stocks

Consumer Stocks

Exports

Consumption

Imports

Production

xiv Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table ES4. U.S. Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 20,105,197 21,016,526 21,535,283 21,626,971 21,998,540 25,047,698 −4.3 −2.2 −2.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 NA 949,182 −1.6 NA 3.5

Production Total ............................... 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 995,984 890,315 * .9 1.7

Underground .................................. 396,249 399,103 351,053 407,239 407,225 360,438 −.7 −.7 1.0

Surface ........................................... 636,725 634,401 594,371 590,306 588,759 529,877 .4 2.0 2.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.40 78.11 74.77 80.20 NA 93.33 1.6 NA −1.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 19.5 20.3 22.8 21.7 22.1 28.1 −4.3 −3.1 −4.0

Number of Miners ............................ 90,252 97,500 101,322 110,196 120,602 154,645 −7.4 −7.0 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 5.38 4.98 4.70 4.36 4.09 3.01 8.0 7.1 6.6

Underground .................................. 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.69 2.00 6.0 5.9 6.0

Surface ........................................... 8.48 7.67 7.23 6.59 6.38 4.60 10.7 7.4 7.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 34,444 33,219 25,284 33,993 32,971 34,090 3.7 1.1 .1

Imports3 ............................................ 6,317 6,599 5,496 1,806 1,967 1,486 −4.3 33.9 17.4

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 994,146 NA .8 .9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 NA −1.0 1.5 NA

Within State ................................ 336,821 353,765 339,034 355,232 345,486 NA −4.8 −.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 603,602 596,078 544,900 542,035 540,395 NA 1.3 2.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 NA 23.7 −4.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 54,128 51,313 52,369 62,007 62,995 NA 5.5 −3.7 NA

Steam..................................... 35,779 21,367 23,141 39,373 45,269 NA 67.4 −5.7 NA

Canada Total ............................... 8,023 8,467 7,751 13,919 12,828 NA −5.2 −11.1 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 6,985 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 NA −6.4 −4.7 NA

Steam..................................... 1,037 1,003 1,085 4,525 4,345 NA 3.4 −30.1 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 81,884 64,214 67,759 87,461 95,436 NA 27.5 −3.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 47,143 43,849 45,703 52,614 54,511 NA 7.5 −3.6 NA

Steam..................................... 34,742 20,364 22,057 34,848 40,925 NA 70.6 −4.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 940,638 930,201 925,944 892,421 887,621 804,169 1.1 1.5 1.8

Electric Utility ............................... 829,007 817,270 813,508 779,860 772,268 685,056 1.4 1.8 2.1

Industrial ........................................ 72,796 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,405 75,583 −3.2 −.9 −.4

Coke ............................................... 33,011 31,740 31,323 32,366 33,854 35,862 4.0 −.6 −.9

Residential/Commercial................. 5,824 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,094 7,667 −3.1 −1.1 −3.0

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 134,639 136,139 120,458 163,692 167,711 175,226 −1.1 −5.3 −2.9

Electric Utility ............................... 126,304 126,897 111,341 154,130 157,876 161,806 −.5 −5.4 −2.7

All Other........................................ 8,334 9,243 9,117 9,562 9,835 13,420 −9.8 −4.0 −5.1

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.83 $19.41 $19.85 $21.03 $21.49 $23.79 −3.0 −3.3 −2.6

Underground .................................. 26.18 26.39 26.92 27.83 28.56 30.33 −.8 −2.1 −1.6

Surface ........................................... 14.25 15.02 15.67 16.34 16.60 19.34 −5.1 −3.7 −3.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 27.01 28.03 28.58 29.36 30.02 33.30 −3.6 −2.6 −2.3

Industrial ........................................ 32.42 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.54 35.84 −.4 −.8 −1.1

Coke ............................................... 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.92 48.88 50.85 1.7 −.8 −.8

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 xv 
Supply

Production

U.S. coal production during 1995 totaled 1,033

million short tons, about the same as last year's record

level of 1,034 million short tons (Table 1). Although

total U.S. coal production was essentially unchanged

from 1994, coal production at the State levels changed

dramatically. As in 1994, the largest coal-producing

State was Wyoming, followed by West Virginia and

Kentucky. Wyoming's coal production in 1995

increased 11 percent over its 1994 level to reach a

record of 264 million short tons. West Virginia

increased its coal production by 1 percent to a level of

163 million short tons, 7 percent less than the record

level of 176 million short tons in 1947. Kentucky, the

third largest coal-producing State, declined by 5

percent in 1995, to a level of 154 million short tons.

Only 11 of the 25 States showed an increase in coal

production in 1995.

Regionally, coal production in both the Appalachian

and Interior Regions declined in 1995, while the

Western Region increased for the ninth year in a row.

In Appalachia, even though increases in production in

1995 occurred in Alabama, Maryland, Tennessee, and

West Virginia, coal production in the region declined

10.5 million short tons (2.3 percent). The Interior

Region registered increases in production in Kansas,

Louisiana, and Texas, with only Louisiana obtaining a

record level. Overall, the Interior Region declined in

1995 by 11.3 million short tons (6.3 percent). In the

Western Region, four of the nine States (Alaska,

Colorado, Utah and Wyoming) increased their coal

production in 1995, with only Alaska failing to reach

a record level. Coal production in the Western Region

increased 21.3 million short tons, an increase of 5.2

percent. Over the last decade, the Appalachian Region

has only increased at an average annual rate of 0.2

percent, while the Western Region has increased 5.5

percent. During the same time period, the Interior

Region has declined at an average annual rate of 1.7

percent.

U.S. coal producers operated 2,104 mines during

1995, including 977 underground mines and 1,127

surface mines (Table 3). Underground mines produced

396 million short tons and represented 38 percent of

total coal production. Underground mines east of the

Mississippi accounted for 88.6 percent of all underground coal production in 1995. Surface mines west

of the Mississippi represented 69.7 percent of total

surface coal production in 1995. Of the top 20 coal

mines in the United States, 19 are surface mines, all

located west of the Mississippi; they accounted for

28.9 percent of total U.S. coal production. The top

nine mines in the United States are in Wyoming and

represent 18.8 percent of total U.S. coal production.

Productive Capacity

The total estimated productive capacity of U.S. coal

mines in 1995 was 1,299 million short tons, a

decrease of 1.6 percent compared with the total estimated productive capacity of 1,321 million short tons

in 1994 (Table 16). Following the same pattern as

coal production, the total estimated productive

capacity declined in both the Appalachian and Interior

Regions (4.1 and 8.3 percent, respectively), while

increasing in the Western Region (3.9 percent).

Although total estimated productive capacity

declined, coal mine capacity utilization, (defined as

the ratio of actual production to productive capacity)

rose to 79 percent in 1995 (Table 17). Capacity utilization increased for all three regions in 1995, with the

Interior Region showing the largest increase.

Recoverable Reserves

Estimated recoverable U.S. coal reserves at producing

mines in 1995 totaled 20 billion short tons. This

4.3-percent decrease continued a decline that started

in 1986 (Table 25). Recoverable reserves at producing

mines in the Western Region accounted for 63.3

percent of total reserves, with reserves at producing

mines in the Appalachian and Interior Regions representing 22.6 percent and 14.1 percent, respectively.

The average recovery percentage for all U.S.

producing mines in 1995 decreased slightly to 80.1

percent from the 80.4 percent in 1994 (Table 26). The

estimated recovery percent for all underground mines

in 1995 was 54.5 percent, a decline from the 56.5

percent in 1994. The estimated recovery percent at

surface mines remained unchanged in 1995 at 90

percent.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 1 
Producers and Distributors Stocks

Coal stocks held by U.S. coal producers and distributors at the end of 1995 totaled 34 million short tons,

an increase of 4 percent compared with stocks at

year-end 1994 and the highest year-end stock level

since 1982 (Table 34).

Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports during 1995 totaled 7.2 million

short tons, 5 percent less than the 7.6 million short

tons imported during 1994 (Table 35). Since 1986,

U.S. coal imports have increased at an average annual

rate of 14 percent.

Colombia, Venezuela, Canada, and Indonesia were the

major sources of imported coal during 1995. They

contributed 6.9 million short tons and accounted for

96 percent of total coal imports.

2 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Production

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 3 
Figure 1. U.S. Coal Production by State, 1995

Wyoming

West Virginia

Kentucky

Pennsylvania

Texas

Illinois

Montana

Virginia

North Dakota

New Mexico

Ohio

Indiana

Colorado

Utah

Alabama

Other

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Million Short Tons

31.9

25.2 24.6 26.1 26.0 25.7 26.8

30.1

34.1

39.5

48.2

52.7

61.6

153.7

163.0

263.8

4 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 1. Coal Production by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 24,640 23,266 24,768 25,796 27,269 25,826 5.9 −2.5 −0.5

Alaska .................................................. 1,698 1,567 1,601 1,534 1,436 1,570 8.4 4.3 .9

Arizona ................................................ 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,512 13,203 11,556 −8.5 −2.5 .4

Arkansas .............................................. 29 51 44 58 52 167 −42.8 −13.5 −17.6

California ............................................. − − − 103 57 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 25,710 25,304 21,886 19,226 17,834 15,237 1.6 9.6 6.0

Illinois .................................................. 48,180 52,797 41,098 59,857 60,258 61,866 −8.7 −5.4 −2.7

Indiana ................................................. 26,007 30,927 29,295 30,466 31,468 32,852 −15.9 −4.6 −2.6

Iowa ..................................................... − 46 175 289 344 484 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 285 284 341 363 416 1,486 .1 −9.0 −16.8

Kentucky Total .................................... 153,739 161,642 156,299 161,068 158,980 153,933 −4.9 −.8 *

Eastern .............................................. 118,541 124,447 120,191 119,382 117,220 112,732 −4.7 .3 .5

Western ............................................. 35,198 37,195 36,108 41,686 41,760 41,201 −5.4 −4.2 −1.7

Louisiana.............................................. 3,719 3,463 3,134 3,240 3,151 2,254 7.4 4.2 5.7

Maryland.............................................. 3,667 3,632 3,355 3,341 3,773 3,906 1.0 −.7 −.7

Missouri ............................................... 548 838 653 2,886 2,304 4,687 −34.7 −30.2 −21.2

Montana ............................................... 39,451 41,640 35,917 38,889 38,237 33,978 −5.3 .8 1.7

New Mexico ........................................ 26,813 28,041 28,268 24,549 21,518 21,496 −4.4 5.6 2.5

North Dakota ....................................... 30,112 32,286 31,973 31,744 29,530 25,640 −6.7 .5 1.8

Ohio ..................................................... 26,118 29,897 28,816 30,403 30,569 36,441 −12.6 −3.8 −3.6

Oklahoma............................................. 1,876 1,911 1,758 1,741 1,841 3,048 −1.8 .5 −5.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 61,576 62,237 59,700 68,981 65,381 71,648 −1.1 −1.5 −1.7

Anthracite.......................................... 4,682 4,621 4,306 3,483 3,445 4,292 1.3 8.0 1.0

Bituminous........................................ 56,893 57,616 55,394 65,498 61,936 67,356 −1.3 −2.1 −1.8

Tennessee............................................. 3,221 2,987 3,047 3,476 4,290 6,870 7.8 −6.9 −8.1

Texas.................................................... 52,684 52,346 54,567 55,071 53,825 48,590 .6 −.5 .9

Utah...................................................... 25,167 24,399 21,847 21,339 21,945 14,269 3.1 3.5 6.5

Virginia ................................................ 34,099 37,129 39,317 43,024 41,954 41,178 −8.2 −5.0 −2.1

Washington .......................................... 4,868 4,893 4,739 5,251 5,143 4,601 −.5 −1.4 .6

West Virginia Total............................. 162,997 161,776 130,525 162,164 167,352 129,907 .8 −.6 2.5

Northern ............................................ 46,114 49,316 33,802 50,022 52,155 48,355 −6.5 −3.0 −.5

Southern ............................................ 116,883 112,460 96,723 112,142 115,196 81,552 3.9 .4 4.1

Wyoming ............................................. 263,822 237,092 210,129 190,172 193,854 136,826 11.3 8.0 7.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 434,861 445,370 409,718 456,565 457,808 428,508 −2.3 −1.3 .2

Interior Total1 ................................... 168,526 179,858 167,174 195,659 195,418 196,634 −6.3 −3.6 −1.7

Western Total1 .................................. 429,587 408,276 368,532 345,321 342,758 265,172 5.2 5.8 5.5

East of Miss. River............................ 544,246 566,289 516,219 588,575 591,294 564,427 −3.9 −2.0 −.4

West of Miss. River........................... 488,728 467,216 429,205 408,970 404,690 325,887 4.6 4.8 4.6

U.S. Total............................................ 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 995,984 890,315 * .9 1.7

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 5 
Table 2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 73 85 85 88 96 113 −14.1 −6.6 −4.7

Alaska .................................................. 1 1 1 2 1 1 −− −

Arizona ................................................ 2 2 2 2 2 2 −− −

Arkansas .............................................. 3 6 6 6 7 8 −50.0 −19.1 −10.3

California ............................................. − − − 1 1 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 17 18 20 21 21 28 −5.5 −5.1 −5.4

Illinois .................................................. 31 34 39 43 51 53 −8.8 −11.7 −5.8

Indiana ................................................. 42 55 56 51 58 71 −23.6 −7.8 −5.7

Iowa ..................................................... − 1 2 2 3 6 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 1 1 2 2 3 6 − −24.0 −18.0

Kentucky Total .................................... 598 673 696 752 838 1,553 −11.1 −8.1 −10.1

Eastern .............................................. 540 607 622 684 756 1,435 −11.0 −8.1 −10.3

Western ............................................. 58 66 74 68 82 118 −12.1 −8.3 −7.6

Louisiana.............................................. 2 2 2 2 2 1 − − 8.0

Maryland.............................................. 20 20 21 24 26 38 − −6.3 −6.9

Missouri ............................................... 6 6 7 5 5 14 − 4.7 −9.0

Montana ............................................... 8 8 8 8 9 9 − −2.9 −1.3

New Mexico ........................................ 7 7 7 7 7 11 −−−4.9

North Dakota ....................................... 6 6 8 8 8 14 − −6.9 −9.0

Ohio ..................................................... 113 134 135 149 159 221 −15.7 −8.2 −7.2

Oklahoma............................................. 13 14 17 20 22 21 −7.1 −12.3 −5.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 459 505 524 578 608 775 −9.1 −6.8 −5.6

Anthracite.......................................... 134 143 148 166 176 221 −6.3 −6.6 −5.4

Bituminous........................................ 325 362 376 412 432 554 −10.2 −6.9 −5.8

Tennessee............................................. 25 24 37 50 72 110 4.2 −23.2 −15.2

Texas.................................................... 14 13 14 15 15 15 7.7 −1.7 −.8

Utah...................................................... 13 14 15 15 15 23 −7.1 −3.5 −6.1

Virginia ................................................ 194 231 237 258 294 500 −16.0 −9.9 −10.0

Washington .......................................... 3 3 3 3 3 4 −−−3.1

West Virginia Total............................. 424 462 502 604 665 798 −8.2 −10.6 −6.8

Northern ............................................ 98 116 137 166 174 269 −15.5 −13.4 −10.6

Southern ............................................ 326 346 365 438 491 529 −5.8 −9.7 −5.2

Wyoming ............................................. 29 29 29 30 31 29 − −1.6 −

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,848 2,068 2,163 2,435 2,676 3,990 −10.6 −8.8 −8.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 170 198 219 214 248 313 −14.1 −9.0 −6.5

Western Total1 .................................. 86 88 93 97 98 121 −2.3 −3.2 −3.7

East of Miss. River............................ 1,979 2,223 2,332 2,597 2,867 4,232 −11.0 −8.8 −8.1

West of Miss. River........................... 125 131 143 149 155 192 −4.6 −5.2 −4.6

U.S. Total............................................ 2,104 2,354 2,475 2,746 3,022 4,424 −10.6 −8.6 −7.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

6 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and Region Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama .................................................. 11 17,605 62 7,036 73 24,640

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,698 1 1,698

Arizona .................................................... − − 2 11,947 2 11,947

Arkansas .................................................. − − 3 29 3 29

Colorado .................................................. 12 17,187 5 8,523 17 25,710

Illinois ..................................................... 20 41,118 11 7,062 31 48,180

Indiana .................................................... 4 3,540 38 22,467 42 26,007

Kansas ..................................................... − − 1 285 1 285

Kentucky Total ....................................... 361 94,207 237 59,532 598 153,739

Eastern .................................................. 339 69,856 201 48,685 540 118,541

Western ................................................ 22 24,351 36 10,847 58 35,198

Louisiana ................................................. − − 2 3,719 2 3,719

Maryland ................................................. 3 2,891 17 776 20 3,667

Missouri .................................................. − − 6 548 6 548

Montana .................................................. 1 10 7 39,441 8 39,451

New Mexico ........................................... 1 640 6 26,173 7 26,813

North Dakota .......................................... − − 6 30,112 6 30,112

Ohio ........................................................ 8 13,077 105 13,041 113 26,118

Oklahoma ................................................ 1 25 12 1,851 13 1,876

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 96 41,409 363 20,167 459 61,576

Anthracite ............................................. 45 428 89 4,254 134 4,682

Bituminous ........................................... 51 40,981 274 15,912 325 56,893

Tennessee ................................................ 14 1,964 11 1,258 25 3,221

Texas ....................................................... − − 14 52,684 14 52,684

Utah ......................................................... 13 25,167 − − 13 25,167

Virginia ................................................... 151 25,372 43 8,727 194 34,099

Washington ............................................. − − 3 4,868 3 4,868

West Virginia Total................................ 278 110,029 146 52,968 424 162,997

Northern ............................................... 53 40,726 45 5,388 98 46,114

Southern ............................................... 225 69,303 101 47,580 326 116,883

Wyoming ................................................ 3 2,008 26 261,814 29 263,822

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 900 282,203 948 152,658 1,848 434,861

Interior Total1 ...................................... 47 69,035 123 99,491 170 168,526

Western Total1...................................... 30 45,011 56 384,576 86 429,587

East of Miss. River ............................... 946 351,212 1,033 193,033 1,979 544,246

West of Miss. River.............................. 31 45,037 94 443,691 125 488,728

U.S. Total............................................... 977 396,249 1,127 636,725 2,104 1,032,974

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 7 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama ................................................. 11 17,605 62 7,036 73 24,640

Blount ................................................ − − 2 20 2 20

Cullman ............................................. − − 3 90 3 90

Fayette ............................................... 1 1,984 − − 1 1,984

Jackson .............................................. − − 1 46 1 46

Jefferson ............................................ 5 7,138 5 1,087 10 8,225

Marion ............................................... − − 6 214 6 214

Shelby ............................................... 1 857 − − 1 857

Tuscaloosa ........................................ 3 6,390 7 1,875 10 8,265

Walker ............................................... 1 1,237 34 3,394 35 4,631

Winston ............................................. − − 4 310 4 310

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,698 1 1,698

Yukon River ..................................... − − 1 1,698 1 1,698

Arizona ................................................... − − 2 11,947 2 11,947

Navajo ............................................... − − 2 11,947 2 11,947

Arkansas ................................................ − − 3 29 3 29

Johnson ............................................. − − 2 24 2 24

Sebastian ........................................... − − 1515

Colorado ................................................ 12 17,187 5 8,523 17 25,710

Delta .................................................. 1 405 − − 1 405

Fremont ............................................. 1 302 − − 1 302

Garfield ............................................. 1 * − − 1 *

Gunnison ........................................... 3 6,870 − − 3 6,870

La Plata............................................. 1 209 − − 1 209

Las Animas....................................... 1 1,156 − − 1 1,156

Mesa .................................................. 1 607 − − 1 607

Moffat ............................................... 1 745 2 6,388 3 7,133

Montrose ........................................... − − 1 374 1 374

Rio Blanco ........................................ 1 1,047 − − 1 1,047

Routt .................................................. 1 5,847 2 1,761 3 7,608

Illinois ..................................................... 20 41,118 11 7,062 31 48,180

Clinton .............................................. 1 2,998 − − 1 2,998

Franklin ............................................. 2 5,298 − − 2 5,298

Fulton ................................................ − − 1 469 1 469

Gallatin .............................................. 1 1,086 − − 1 1,086

Jackson .............................................. − − 1 19 1 19

Jefferson ............................................ 2 4,705 − − 2 4,705

Logan ................................................ 1 1,745 − − 1 1,745

Macoupin .......................................... 3 4,815 − − 3 4,815

McDonough ...................................... − − 1 278 1 278

Perry .................................................. 2 2,494 4 4,153 6 6,647

Randolph ........................................... 2 2,891 − − 2 2,891

Saline ................................................ 3 7,463 1 346 4 7,809

Schuyler ............................................ − − 1 504 1 504

Wabash .............................................. 1 2,557 − − 1 2,557

Washington ....................................... 1 3,259 − − 1 3,259

White ................................................. 1 1,808 − − 1 1,808

Williamson ........................................ − − 2 1,293 2 1,293

Indiana ................................................... 4 3,540 38 22,467 42 26,007

Clay ................................................... − − 5 1,178 5 1,178

Daviess .............................................. − − 6 3,341 6 3,341

Dubois ............................................... − − 1 458 1 458

Gibson ............................................... 1 1,541 1 10 2 1,550

Greene ............................................... − − 5 2,741 5 2,741

Knox .................................................. 2 1,714 2 1,114 4 2,828

Owen ................................................. − − 1 354 1 354

Pike ................................................... − − 5 2,492 5 2,492

Spencer .............................................. − − 2 196 2 196

Sullivan ............................................. 1 285 2 3,538 3 3,823

Vigo .................................................. − − 1 1,204 1 1,204

Warrick ............................................. − − 7 5,841 7 5,841

Kansas .................................................... − − 1 285 1 285

Crawford ........................................... − − 1 285 1 285

Kentucky ................................................ 361 94,207 237 59,532 598 153,739

Bell .................................................... 14 3,319 10 1,658 24 4,977

Breathitt ............................................ − − 8 2,505 8 2,505

Butler ................................................ − − 1 170 1 170

Christian ............................................ − − 1313

Clay ................................................... 1 3 7 254 8 257

Daviess .............................................. − − 6 742 6 742

Floyd ................................................. 39 2,902 13 3,549 52 6,451

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Kentucky (Continued)

Greenup ............................................. − − 1111

Harlan ................................................ 47 9,917 9 1,009 56 10,926

Henderson ......................................... 3 1,728 3 974 6 2,702

Hopkins ............................................. 6 3,520 8 4,946 14 8,466

Jackson .............................................. − − 1 31 1 31

Johnson ............................................. 6 1,222 6 36 12 1,258

Knott ................................................. 32 5,914 16 6,081 48 11,994

Knox .................................................. 18 651 4 73 22 725

Laurel ................................................ − − 1 11 1 11

Lawrence ........................................... − − 3 242 3 242

Leslie ................................................. 8 7,428 4 1,324 12 8,752

Letcher .............................................. 17 4,412 25 3,746 42 8,159

Magoffin ........................................... 1 46 4 959 5 1,005

Martin ................................................ 23 6,670 11 5,438 34 12,108

McLean ............................................. − − 2 448 2 448

Muhlenberg ....................................... 2 2,137 3 846 5 2,983

Ohio .................................................. 1 209 11 2,554 12 2,763

Owsley .............................................. − − 2 161 2 161

Perry .................................................. 14 4,045 15 8,060 29 12,105

Pike ................................................... 108 22,513 53 13,012 161 35,525

Union ................................................ 4 6,398 − − 4 6,398

Webster ............................................. 6 10,359 1 165 7 10,524

Whitley .............................................. 11 814 7 522 18 1,337

Wolfe ................................................ − − 1 12 1 12

Louisiana ................................................ − − 2 3,719 2 3,719

De Soto ............................................. − − 1 2,881 1 2,881

Red River.......................................... − − 1 838 1 838

Maryland ............................................... 3 2,891 17 776 20 3,667

Allegany ............................................ − − 12 623 12 623

Garrett ............................................... 3 2,891 5 153 8 3,045

Missouri ................................................. − − 6 548 6 548

Barton ................................................ − − 1 198 1 198

Bates .................................................. − − 2 102 2 102

Ralls .................................................. − − 1 57 1 57

Randolph ........................................... − − 1 141 1 141

Vernon .............................................. − − 1 49 1 49

Montana ................................................. 1 10 7 39,441 8 39,451

Big Horn ........................................... − − 4 23,179 4 23,179

Musselshell ....................................... 1 10 − − 1 10

Richland ............................................ − − 1 297 1 297

Rosebud ............................................ − − 2 15,965 2 15,965

New Mexico ........................................... 1 640 6 26,173 7 26,813

Colfax ................................................ 1 640 1 1,216 2 1,855

McKinley .......................................... − − 2 10,596 2 10,596

San Juan............................................ − − 3 14,361 3 14,361

North Dakota ........................................ − − 6 30,112 6 30,112

Bowman ............................................ − − 1 1,267 1 1,267

McLean ............................................. − − 1 7,071 1 7,071

Mercer ............................................... − − 2 16,502 2 16,502

Oliver ................................................ − − 2 5,271 2 5,271

Ohio ........................................................ 8 13,077 105 13,041 113 26,118

Belmont ............................................. 1 3,946 9 1,218 10 5,164

Carroll ............................................... − − 6 203 6 203

Columbiana ....................................... 1 341 9 615 10 956

Coshocton ......................................... − − 6 884 6 884

Gallia ................................................. − − 1 189 1 189

Guernsey ........................................... − − 6 272 6 272

Harrison ............................................ 1 955 11 1,217 12 2,172

Hocking ............................................. − − 1111

Holmes .............................................. − − 3 206 3 206

Jackson .............................................. − − 4 1,084 4 1,084

Jefferson ............................................ 2 392 10 373 12 766

Lawrence ........................................... − − 1313

Mahoning .......................................... − − 2 12 2 12

Meigs ................................................ 2 4,721 − − 2 4,721

Monroe .............................................. 1 2,722 − − 1 2,722

Morgan .............................................. − − 1 1,058 1 1,058

Muskingum ....................................... − − 2 180 2 180

Noble ................................................. − − 1 823 1 823

Perry .................................................. − − 6 763 6 763

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 9 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Ohio (Continued)

Stark .................................................. − − 6 312 6 312

Tuscarawas ........................................ − − 15 1,518 15 1,518

Vinton ............................................... − − 5 2,110 5 2,110

Oklahoma .............................................. 1 25 12 1,851 13 1,876

Craig .................................................. − − 1 139 1 139

Haskell .............................................. − − 1 16 1 16

Latimer .............................................. − − 1 222 1 222

Le Flore ............................................ − − 6 1,309 6 1,309

Nowata .............................................. − − 2 159 2 159

Okmulgee .......................................... 1 25 1 6 2 31

Pennsylvania .......................................... 96 41,409 363 20,167 459 61,576

Allegheny .......................................... 1 * 4 27 5 27

Armstrong ......................................... 14 4,296 27 1,078 41 5,374

Beaver ............................................... − − 2 125 2 125

Bedford ............................................. − − 1212

Blair .................................................. − − 1 69 1 69

Butler ................................................ − − 7 135 7 135

Cambria ............................................. 3 218 11 1,266 14 1,484

Carbon ............................................... − − 1 432 1 432

Centre ................................................ − − 3 142 3 142

Clarion .............................................. − − 6 624 6 624

Clearfield .......................................... 2 97 54 4,403 56 4,499

Clinton .............................................. − − 1111

Columbia ........................................... 1 158 3 45 4 203

Dauphin ............................................. 1 2 − − 1 2

Elk ..................................................... − − 5 369 5 369

Fayette ............................................... − − 27 375 27 375

Greene ............................................... 10 28,183 4 207 14 28,390

Indiana .............................................. 9 3,491 23 752 32 4,243

Jefferson ............................................ 2 514 31 947 33 1,461

Lackawanna ...................................... − − 7 414 7 414

Lawrence ........................................... − − 5 165 5 165

Luzerne ............................................. − − 16 879 16 879

Lycoming .......................................... − − 1 290 1 290

Mercer ............................................... − − 2828

Northumberland ................................ 12 46 9 288 21 334

Schuylkill .......................................... 31 223 51 2,169 82 2,392

Snyder ............................................... − − 1111

Somerset ............................................ 8 2,034 34 3,577 42 5,611

Sullivan ............................................. − − 1 27 1 27

Washington ....................................... 2 2,148 8 600 10 2,749

Westmoreland ................................... − − 17 751 17 751

Tennessee ............................................... 14 1,964 11 1,258 25 3,221

Anderson ........................................... 1 157 2 59 3 216

Bledsoe .............................................. − − 1818

Campbell ........................................... 6 888 4 365 10 1,252

Claiborne ........................................... 1 218 1 147 2 364

Fentress ............................................. − − 1 95 1 95

Marion ............................................... 1 43 1 68 2 111

Morgan .............................................. 1 25 − − 1 25

Scott .................................................. 1 215 − − 1 215

Sequatchie ......................................... 3 419 1 517 4 936

Texas ...................................................... − − 14 52,684 14 52,684

Atascosa ............................................ − − 1 2,924 1 2,924

Freestone ........................................... − − 1 4,759 1 4,759

Grimes ............................................... − − 1 3,312 1 3,312

Harrison ............................................ − − 2 4,015 2 4,015

Hopkins ............................................. − − 1 1,325 1 1,325

Leon .................................................. − − 1 8,304 1 8,304

Milam ................................................ − − 1 5,828 1 5,828

Panola ................................................ − − 1 7,004 1 7,004

Robertson .......................................... − − 1 1,980 1 1,980

Rusk .................................................. − − 1 5,537 1 5,537

Titus .................................................. − − 1 7,385 1 7,385

Webb ................................................. − − 2 312 2 312

Utah ........................................................ 13 25,167 − − 13 25,167

Carbon ............................................... 6 11,227 − − 6 11,227

Emery ................................................ 6 10,066 − − 6 10,066

Sevier ................................................ 1 3,874 − − 1 3,874

See footnotes at end of table.

10 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Virginia .................................................. 151 25,372 43 8,727 194 34,099

Buchanan .......................................... 69 12,572 4 1,219 73 13,792

Dickenson ......................................... 14 1,562 10 1,142 24 2,704

Lee .................................................... 10 1,469 3 515 13 1,984

Russell ............................................... 8 928 4 801 12 1,729

Scott .................................................. 1 21 − − 1 21

Tazewell ............................................ 13 1,936 3 221 16 2,156

Wise .................................................. 36 6,884 19 4,830 55 11,713

Washington ............................................ − − 3 4,868 3 4,868

King .................................................. − − 1 241 1 241

Lewis ................................................. − − 1 2,617 1 2,617

Thurston ............................................ − − 1 2,009 1 2,009

West Virginia ........................................ 278 110,029 146 52,968 424 162,997

Barbour ............................................. 4 1,508 4 62 8 1,570

Boone ................................................ 33 19,745 10 7,056 43 26,801

Braxton .............................................. 1 201 − − 1 201

Brooke ............................................... 1 1,051 − − 1 1,051

Clay ................................................... 1 1 7 4,392 8 4,392

Fayette ............................................... 6 1,894 6 2,371 12 4,265

Gilmer ............................................... 1 32 − − 1 32

Grant ................................................. 2 2,849 3 661 5 3,510

Greenbrier ......................................... 3 276 5 61 8 338

Harrison ............................................ 6 3,956 8 122 14 4,078

Kanawha ........................................... 9 3,090 6 7,519 15 10,609

Lincoln .............................................. 1 3 − − 1 3

Logan ................................................ 15 3,207 20 15,437 35 18,644

Marion ............................................... 5 3,594 2 29 7 3,623

Marshall ............................................ 2 7,892 − − 2 7,892

McDowell ......................................... 62 4,089 17 1,399 79 5,489

Mineral .............................................. − − 2 121 2 121

Mingo ................................................ 38 18,961 16 4,927 54 23,888

Monongalia ....................................... 9 14,026 5 855 14 14,880

Nicholas ............................................ 12 1,797 8 2,133 20 3,930

Preston .............................................. 6 1,672 10 234 16 1,906

Raleigh .............................................. 20 6,948 2 745 22 7,693

Randolph ........................................... 4 676 − − 4 676

Tucker ............................................... − − 1 128 1 128

Upshur ............................................... 5 1,141 7 466 12 1,607

Wayne ............................................... 5 1,426 2 1,291 7 2,717

Webster ............................................. 7 2,128 3 2,712 10 4,840

Wyoming .......................................... 20 7,866 2 249 22 8,114

Wyoming ................................................ 3 2,008 26 261,814 29 263,822

Campbell ........................................... − − 17 232,255 17 232,255

Carbon ............................................... 2 1,990 2 1,733 4 3,723

Converse ........................................... − − 2 14,120 2 14,120

Lincoln .............................................. − − 2 4,444 2 4,444

Sheridan ............................................ − − 1 38 1 38

Sweetwater ........................................ 1 18 2 9,224 3 9,242

U.S. Total............................................... 977 396,249 1,127 636,725 2,104 1,032,974

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 11 
Table 5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 1,492 1 16,112 − 17,605

Colorado .............................................. 2,650 405 14,133 − 17,187

Illinois .................................................. 23,504 − 17,614 − 41,118

Indiana ................................................. 3,540 − − − 3,540

Kentucky Total .................................... 63,919 13,573 16,155 559 94,207

Eastern .............................................. 47,624 13,496 8,177 559 69,856

Western ............................................. 16,295 77 7,978 − 24,351

Maryland .............................................. 296 − 2,595 − 2,891

Montana ............................................... 10 − − − 10

New Mexico ........................................ − − 640 − 640

Ohio ..................................................... 1,688 − 11,389 − 13,077

Oklahoma............................................. 25 − − − 25

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 11,368 592 29,364 84 41,409

Anthracite .......................................... 158 186 − 84 428

Bituminous ........................................ 11,211 406 29,364 − 40,981

Tennessee ............................................. 1,959 5 − − 1,964

Utah ...................................................... 1,557 324 23,285 − 25,167

Virginia ................................................ 12,197 5,318 7,797 61 25,372

West Virginia Total............................. 47,701 13,982 48,347 − 110,029

Northern ............................................ 5,110 3,096 32,521 − 40,726

Southern ............................................ 42,591 10,886 15,826 − 69,303

Wyoming ............................................. − 18 1,990 − 2,008

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 124,325 33,393 123,780 704 282,203

Interior Total5 ................................... 43,365 77 25,593 − 69,035

Western Total5 .................................. 4,217 747 40,048 − 45,011

East of Miss. River............................ 167,665 33,470 149,373 704 351,212

West of Miss. River........................... 4,242 747 40,048 − 45,037

U.S. Total............................................ 171,907 34,217 189,421 704 396,249

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

12 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Alabama .................................................................... 9 5 5 4 35 15 17,381 3,704 1,333 589 1,572 61

Underground ........................................................ 8 2 −−− 1 16,112 1,492 − − − 1

Surface ................................................................. 1 3 5 4 35 14 1,270 2,212 1,333 589 1,572 60

Alaska........................................................................ 1 −−−−− 1,698 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 −−−−− 1,698 − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... 2 −−−−− 11,947 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 −−−−− 11,947 − − − − −

Arkansas ................................................................... −−−− 1 2 − − − − 15 14

Surface ................................................................. −−−− 1 2 − − − − 15 14

Colorado .................................................................... 825 − 1 1 22,577 1,352 1,763 − 17 *

Underground ........................................................ 5 2 4 − − 1 14,446 1,352 1,389 − − *

Surface ................................................................. 3 − 1 − 1 − 8,131 − 374 − 17 −

Illinois........................................................................ 21 3 3 1 3 − 45,079 1,743 1,093 118 147 −

Underground ........................................................ 18 2 −−−− 39,880 1,239 − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 3 1 3 1 3 − 5,200 504 1,093 118 147 −

Indiana ...................................................................... 9 6 13 6 4 4 15,939 4,327 4,697 899 121 24

Underground ........................................................ 2 − 2 −−− 3,045 − 495 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 7 6 11 6 4 4 12,894 4,327 4,202 899 121 24

Kansas....................................................................... − − 1 −−− − − 285 − − −

Surface ................................................................. − − 1 −−− − − 285 − − −

Kentucky Total ........................................................ 27 71 104 94 213 89 47,700 48,528 33,196 13,758 10,202 355

Underground ........................................................ 18 40 58 60 134 51 34,159 26,300 17,861 8,675 7,022 190

Surface ................................................................. 9 31 46 34 79 38 13,541 22,228 15,336 5,083 3,180 165

Eastern ................................................................... 18 56 93 90 203 80 28,663 37,347 29,244 13,127 9,828 331

Underground ........................................................ 10 32 55 60 132 50 16,505 20,702 16,897 8,675 6,888 189

Surface ................................................................. 8 24 38 30 71 30 12,157 16,646 12,347 4,452 2,940 143

Western .................................................................. 9 15 11 4 10 9 19,037 11,181 3,952 630 374 24

Underground ........................................................ 8 8 3 − 2 1 17,653 5,598 963 − 134 2

Surface ................................................................. 1 7 8 4 8 8 1,383 5,582 2,988 630 240 22

Louisiana................................................................... 1 1 −−−− 2,881 838 − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 1 −−−− 2,881 838 − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. 1 − 2 1 11 5 2,595 − 540 103 406 24

Underground ........................................................ 1 − 1 − − 1 2,595 − 293 − − 4

Surface ................................................................. − − 1 1 11 4 − − 248 103 406 20

Missouri .................................................................... −−− 2 3 1 − − − 340 199 9

Surface ................................................................. −−− 2 3 1 − − − 340 199 9

Montana .................................................................... 6 − 1 − − 1 39,144 − 297 − − 10

Underground ........................................................ −−−−− 1 − − − − − 10

Surface ................................................................. 6 − 1 −−− 39,144 − 297 − − −

New Mexico .............................................................. 6 1 −−−− 26,173 640 − − − −

Underground ........................................................ − 1 −−−− − 640 − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 6 −−−−− 26,173 − − − − −

North Dakota............................................................ 6 −−−−− 30,112 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 6 −−−−− 30,112 − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 5 7 13 14 51 23 12,447 5,452 4,010 2,044 2,082 83

Underground ........................................................ 4 1 2 − 1 − 11,389 955 661 − 73 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 6 11 14 50 23 1,058 4,497 3,349 2,044 2,009 83

Oklahoma.................................................................. − − 5 2 5 1 − − 1,457 284 129 6

Underground ........................................................ −−−− 1 − − − − − 25 −

Surface ................................................................. − − 5 2 4 1 − − 1,457 284 103 6

Pennsylvania Total .................................................. 9 9 31 37 189 184 32,088 6,347 10,515 5,036 6,842 747

Underground ........................................................ 8 6 14 6 21 41 30,593 4,449 4,502 917 780 168

Surface ................................................................. 1 3 17 31 168 143 1,494 1,898 6,014 4,120 6,062 579

Anthracite .............................................................. − − 6 7 40 81 − − 2,056 977 1,361 288

Underground ........................................................ −−− 1 5 39 − − − 158 112 158

Surface ................................................................. − − 6 6 35 42 − − 2,056 819 1,249 130

Bituminous............................................................. 9 9 25 30 149 103 32,088 6,347 8,459 4,059 5,481 459

Underground ........................................................ 8 6 14 5 16 2 30,593 4,449 4,502 759 668 10

Surface ................................................................. 1 3 11 25 133 101 1,494 1,898 3,958 3,300 4,813 449

Tennessee .................................................................. − 16585 − 517 1,508 749 433 14

Underground ........................................................ − − 5 4 3 2 − − 1,200 602 156 5

Surface ................................................................. − 11153 − 517 308 147 277 10

Texas .......................................................................... 11 − 2 − 1 − 52,105 − 527 − 51 −

Surface ................................................................. 11 − 2 − 1 − 52,105 − 527 − 51 −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 13 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Utah ........................................................................... 9121 − − 23,833 529 702 103 − −

Underground ........................................................ 9 1 2 1 − − 23,833 529 702 103 − −

Virginia ..................................................................... 3 7 36 39 91 18 7,310 4,047 12,352 5,434 4,886 71

Underground ........................................................ 3 3 22 32 77 14 7,310 1,727 7,555 4,377 4,339 64

Surface ................................................................. − 4 14 7 14 4 − 2,320 4,797 1,057 547 6

Washington............................................................... 2 − 1 −−− 4,627 − 241 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 − 1 −−− 4,627 − 241 − − −

West Virginia Total................................................. 41 36 86 57 167 37 94,576 25,320 27,814 7,630 7,515 142

Underground ........................................................ 25 23 68 41 106 15 61,362 16,049 21,798 5,495 5,263 62

Surface ................................................................. 16 13 18 16 61 22 33,214 9,272 6,016 2,135 2,252 80

Northern................................................................. 13 6 11 11 39 18 34,669 4,833 3,562 1,400 1,579 72

Underground ........................................................ 11 5 9 6 17 5 32,069 4,024 2,914 765 932 22

Surface ................................................................. 2 1 2 5 22 13 2,599 809 648 635 647 50

Southern................................................................. 28 30 75 46 128 19 59,907 20,487 24,252 6,230 5,936 70

Underground ........................................................ 14 18 59 35 89 10 29,292 12,025 18,884 4,731 4,331 40

Surface ................................................................. 14 12 16 11 39 9 30,614 8,462 5,368 1,499 1,605 30

Wyoming ................................................................... 21 2 2 − 2 2 261,643 1,498 625 − 56 1

Underground ........................................................ 1 −−− 1 1 1,990 −−− 18 *

Surface ................................................................. 20 2 2 − 1 1 259,653 1,498 625 − 38 *

Appalachian Total1 ................................................. 86 121 272 247 755 367 195,059 82,735 87,316 34,713 33,564 1,474

Underground ........................................................ 59 67 167 143 340 124 145,866 45,373 52,906 20,066 17,500 492

Surface ................................................................. 27 54 105 104 415 243 49,194 37,361 34,411 14,647 16,064 981

Interior Total1.......................................................... 51 25 35 15 27 17 135,042 18,089 12,011 2,272 1,036 76

Underground ........................................................ 28 10 5 − 3 1 60,578 6,837 1,458 − 160 2

Surface ................................................................. 23 15 30 15 24 16 74,463 11,252 10,553 2,272 876 75

Western Total1......................................................... 61 6 11 1 3 4 421,753 4,019 3,629 103 73 11

Underground ........................................................ 15 4 6 1 1 3 40,269 2,521 2,091 103 18 10

Surface ................................................................. 46 2 5 − 2 1 381,484 1,498 1,538 − 56 *

East of Miss. River .................................................. 125 145 299 258 772 380 275,114 99,985 97,058 36,361 34,206 1,521

Underground ........................................................ 87 77 172 143 342 125 206,444 52,210 54,364 20,066 17,634 494

Surface ................................................................. 38 68 127 115 430 255 68,671 47,775 42,694 16,295 16,572 1,027

West of Miss. River ................................................. 73 7 19 5 13 8 476,739 4,857 5,899 726 468 39

Underground ........................................................ 15 4 6 1 2 3 40,269 2,521 2,091 103 43 10

Surface ................................................................. 58 3 13 4 11 5 436,471 2,336 3,808 624 424 29

U.S. Total.................................................................. 198 152 318 263 785 388 751,854 104,842 102,957 37,087 34,673 1,560

Underground ........................................................... 102 81 178 144 344 128 246,713 54,731 56,455 20,169 17,677 504

Surface .................................................................... 96 71 140 119 441 260 505,141 50,111 46,502 16,918 16,996 1,056

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

14 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface Total (inches)

 < 7 .................................................... − 356 356

7-12 .................................................... − 1,737 1,737

13-18 .................................................. − 6,626 6,626

19-24 .................................................. 624 15,941 16,565

25-30 .................................................. 5,548 22,843 28,391

31-36 .................................................. 34,718 40,309 75,027

37-42 .................................................. 28,198 21,122 49,319

43-48 .................................................. 36,970 18,819 55,789

49-54 .................................................. 33,166 18,405 51,571

55-60 .................................................. 43,332 15,325 58,657

61-66 .................................................. 39,874 14,277 54,151

67-72 .................................................. 35,867 16,144 52,011

73-78 .................................................. 17,202 10,438 27,639

79-84 .................................................. 41,225 19,265 60,490

85-90 .................................................. 6,776 13,582 20,358

91-96 .................................................. 26,415 6,451 32,867

97-102 ................................................ 4,985 6,483 11,468

103-108 .............................................. 3,825 1,382 5,207

109-114 .............................................. 6,082 2,500 8,582

115-120 .............................................. 8,241 2,241 10,483

> 120 .............................................. 22,696 381,423 404,119

Unknown1 ......................................... 504 1,056 1,560

U.S. Total .......................................... 396,249 636,725 1,032,974

1 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 15 
Table 8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and

Mine Type, 1995

Production Thickness

Coalbed ID Number 1 (thousand short tons) (inches)

Coalbed Name 2

 Underground Surface Total Average3 Low High

1699 Wyodak ................................................................ − 231,457 231,457 858 300 1,296

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................................. 64,750 2,515 67,265 75 30 108

0489 No. 9 .................................................................... 30,851 7,828 38,680 62 42 84

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ................................................... 12,915 23,553 36,468 76 18 226

0484 No. 6 .................................................................... 30,643 4,644 35,287 79 5 100

1569 Beulah-Zap........................................................... − 27,699 27,699 150 132 180

0135 Hazard No. 4........................................................ 18,355 2,878 21,234 45 26 106

1808 Rosebud................................................................ − 18,421 18,421 261 216 276

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................................... 16,743 1,620 18,363 60 18 96

0084 Lower Kittanning................................................. 5,050 12,454 17,505 59 12 150

0103 Stockton-Lewiston ............................................... 3,357 13,506 16,863 70 12 102

0071 Upper Freeport..................................................... 12,141 3,577 15,717 62 6 96

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................................. 14,879 237 15,116 63 36 83

0157 Elkhorn No. 3 ...................................................... 11,411 2,768 14,178 63 15 120

0151 Elkhorn No. 1 ...................................................... 10,885 2,990 13,875 46 12 96

0154 Elkhorn No. 2 ...................................................... 11,273 2,382 13,655 52 14 72

0076 Upper Kittanning ................................................. 6,144 4,402 10,547 50 12 102

Major Coalbeds Total ................................................... 249,398 362,930 612,329 375 5 1,296

Other Coalbeds............................................................... 146,346 272,738 419,085 130 5 960

Unknown4 ....................................................................... 504 1,056 1,560 NA NA NA

U.S. Total ........................................................................ 396,249 636,725 1,032,974 275 5 1,296

1 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal

zones. 2 The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having the

greatest production for each coalbed are: Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0151, 0154, 0157, 0168); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103, 0344);

Pennsylvania (0071,0076); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); North Dakota (1569); Montana (1808); Wyoming (1699). In some other States where

these are major producing beds, the following alternate coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennesee), Taggert (Virginia), Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0154, Lower Cedar Grove (West Virginia);

0157, Upper Standiford (Virginia), Alma (West Virginia); 0168, No. 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0483, No. 12 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No. 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana).

3 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production.

4 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. A major coalbed is

defined here as a coalbed from which 10 million or more short tons were produced during the year. The category ‘‘Other Coalbeds’’ includes all coalbeds from which less than 10 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the

coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these

types are also included in ‘‘Other Coalbeds,’’ even though production may exceed 10 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

16 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total

 Coal-Producing Number Number Number Number Number State and Region of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production

Mines Mines Mines Mines Mines

Alabama............................................... 73 24,640 − − − − − − 73 24,640

Alaska .................................................. − − 1 1,698 − − − − 1 1,698

Arizona ................................................ 2 11,947 − − − − − − 2 11,947

Arkansas .............................................. − − − − − − 3 29 3 29

Colorado .............................................. 13 17,174 4 8,536 − − − − 17 25,710

Illinois .................................................. 31 48,180 − − − − − − 31 48,180

Indiana ................................................. 42 26,007 − − − − − − 42 26,007

Kansas.................................................. 1 285 − − − − − − 1 285

Kentucky Total .................................... 598 153,739 − − − − − − 598 153,739

Eastern .............................................. 540 118,541 − − − − − − 540 118,541

Western ............................................. 58 35,198 − − − − − − 58 35,198

Louisiana.............................................. − − − − 2 3,719 − − 2 3,719

Maryland.............................................. 20 3,667 − − − − − − 20 3,667

Missouri ............................................... 6 548 − − − − − − 6 548

Montana ............................................... − − 7 39,153 1 297 − − 8 39,451

New Mexico ........................................ 5 14,428 2 12,385 − − − − 7 26,813

North Dakota ....................................... − − − − 6 30,112 − − 6 30,112

Ohio ..................................................... 113 26,118 − − − − − − 113 26,118

Oklahoma............................................. 13 1,876 − − − − − − 13 1,876

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 325 56,893 − − − − 134 4,682 459 61,576

Anthracite.......................................... − − − − − − 134 4,682 134 4,682

Bituminous........................................ 325 56,893 − − − − − − 325 56,893

Tennessee............................................. 25 3,221 − − − − − − 25 3,221

Texas.................................................... 2 312 − − 12 52,372 − − 14 52,684

Utah...................................................... 13 25,167 − − − − − − 13 25,167

Virginia ................................................ 194 34,099 − − − − − − 194 34,099

Washington .......................................... 1 241 2 4,627 − − − − 3 4,868

West Virginia Total............................. 424 162,997 −−−−−− 424 162,997

Northern ............................................ 98 46,114 − − − − − − 98 46,114

Southern ............................................ 326 116,883 − − − − − − 326 116,883

Wyoming ............................................. 4 2,224 25 261,599 − − − − 29 263,822

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,714 430,178 − − − − 134 4,682 1,848 434,861

Interior Total1 ................................... 153 112,406 − − 14 56,091 3 29 170 168,526

Western Total1 .................................. 38 71,181 41 327,998 7 30,409 − − 86 429,587

East of Miss. River............................ 1,845 539,563 −−−− 134 4,682 1,979 544,246

West of Miss. River........................... 60 74,201 41 327,998 21 86,500 3 29 125 488,728

U.S. Total............................................ 1,905 613,765 41 327,998 21 86,500 137 4,711 2,104 1,032,974

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 17 
Table 10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Coal-Producing Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Subbitumi- Medium Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region Low Volatile High Volatile Total1 nous Volatile

Alabama ..................................................... 6,734 5,036 12,567 24,640 −−− 24,640

Alaska ......................................................... −−−− 1,698 − − 1,698

Arizona ....................................................... − − 11,947 11,947 −−− 11,947

Arkansas ..................................................... −−−−−− 29 29

Colorado ..................................................... − 1,156 16,019 17,174 8,536 − − 25,710

Illinois ........................................................ − − 48,180 48,180 −−− 48,180

Indiana ........................................................ − − 26,007 26,007 −−− 26,007

Kansas ........................................................ − − 285 285 −−− 285

Kentucky Total .......................................... 10,427 3,618 139,684 153,739 −−− 153,739

Eastern ..................................................... 371 3,293 114,867 118,541 −−− 118,541

Western ................................................... 10,056 326 24,817 35,198 −−− 35,198

Louisiana .................................................... −−−−− 3,719 − 3,719

Maryland .................................................... 3,644 − 23 3,667 −−− 3,667

Missouri ..................................................... − − 548 548 −−− 548

Montana ..................................................... −−−− 39,153 297 − 39,451

New Mexico............................................... − 640 13,788 14,428 12,385 − − 26,813

North Dakota ............................................. −−−−− 30,112 − 30,112

Ohio ............................................................ 18 747 24,849 26,118 −−− 26,118

Oklahoma ................................................... 586 584 706 1,876 −−− 1,876

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 5,141 11,972 39,709 56,893 − − 4,682 61,576

Anthracite ................................................ −−−−−− 4,682 4,682

Bituminous .............................................. 5,141 11,972 39,709 56,893 −−− 56,893

Tennessee ................................................... − 850 2,372 3,221 −−− 3,221

Texas .......................................................... − 312 − 312 − 52,372 − 52,684

Utah ............................................................ − − 25,167 25,167 −−− 25,167

Virginia ...................................................... 7,310 7,554 19,235 34,099 −−− 34,099

Washington ................................................ − − 241 241 4,627 − − 4,868

West Virginia Total ................................... 18,431 16,608 127,921 162,997 −−− 162,997

Northern .................................................. 4,094 2,098 39,899 46,114 −−− 46,114

Southern .................................................. 14,337 14,510 88,022 116,883 −−− 116,883

Wyoming .................................................... − * 2,224 2,224 261,599 − − 263,822

Appalachian Total2 ................................. 41,649 46,061 341,544 430,178 − − 4,682 434,861

Interior Total2.......................................... 10,642 1,222 100,542 112,406 − 56,091 29 168,526

Western Total2......................................... − 1,796 69,385 71,181 327,998 30,409 − 429,587

East of Miss. River .................................. 51,705 46,386 440,548 539,563 − − 4,682 544,246

West of Miss. River ................................. 586 2,692 70,923 74,201 327,998 86,500 29 488,728

U.S. Total .................................................. 52,291 49,078 511,471 613,765 327,998 86,500 4,711 1,032,974

1 Includes bituminous production with volatile content not reported.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal group definitions. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

18 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 17,901 − 17,901 6,678 24,579

Underground .................................. 14,259 − 14,259 3,344 17,604

Surface ........................................... 3,642 − 3,642 3,333 6,976

Alaska.................................................. − 1,698 1,698 − 1,698

Surface ........................................... − 1,698 1,698 − 1,698

Arizona ................................................ 11,947 − 11,947 − 11,947

Surface ........................................... 11,947 − 11,947 − 11,947

Arkansas............................................. − − − 15 15

Surface ........................................... − − − 15 15

Colorado ............................................. 5,556 2,024 7,580 18,130 25,710

Underground .................................. 3,420 − 3,420 13,766 17,187

Surface ........................................... 2,135 2,024 4,160 4,363 8,523

Illinois .................................................. 35,557 2,878 38,434 9,746 48,180

Underground .................................. 29,524 2,532 32,055 9,063 41,118

Surface ........................................... 6,033 346 6,379 683 7,062

Indiana ................................................ 12,619 − 12,619 13,364 25,983

Underground .................................. 1,825 − 1,825 1,714 3,540

Surface ........................................... 10,793 − 10,793 11,650 22,443

Kansas ................................................. 285 − 285 − 285

Surface ........................................... 285 − 285 − 285

Kentucky Total .................................. 22,760 1,284 24,043 129,341 153,384

Underground .................................. 16,431 315 16,746 77,270 94,017

Surface ........................................... 6,328 968 7,297 52,071 59,367

Eastern ............................................. 13,069 1,284 14,353 103,857 118,210

Underground .................................. 8,584 315 8,899 60,768 69,667

Surface ........................................... 4,485 968 5,454 43,089 48,543

Western ............................................ 9,690 − 9,690 25,484 35,174

Underground .................................. 7,847 − 7,847 16,502 24,350

Surface ........................................... 1,843 − 1,843 8,982 10,825

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 3,719 3,719

Surface ........................................... − − − 3,719 3,719

Maryland ............................................ − − − 3,643 3,643

Underground .................................. − − − 2,887 2,887

Surface ........................................... − − − 756 756

Missouri .............................................. − − − 539 539

Surface ........................................... − − − 539 539

Montana.............................................. 15,284 15,643 30,926 8,515 39,441

Surface ........................................... 15,284 15,643 30,926 8,515 39,441

New Mexico ........................................ 8,478 14,361 22,840 3,973 26,813

Underground .................................. 640 − 640 − 640

Surface ........................................... 7,839 14,361 22,200 3,973 26,173

North Dakota ..................................... 3,889 4,039 7,928 22,184 30,112

Surface ........................................... 3,889 4,039 7,928 22,184 30,112

Ohio ..................................................... 13,260 60 13,320 12,715 26,035

Underground .................................. 11,389 − 11,389 1,688 13,077

Surface ........................................... 1,871 60 1,931 11,027 12,958

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 1,870 1,870

Underground .................................. − − − 25 25

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,845 1,845

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 21,734 63 21,796 39,032 60,828

Underground .................................. 19,502 − 19,502 21,739 41,241

Surface ........................................... 2,232 63 2,294 17,293 19,587

Anthracite ........................................ 1,214 63 1,277 3,118 4,394

Underground .................................. − − − 270 270

Surface ........................................... 1,214 63 1,277 2,848 4,124

Bituminous ....................................... 20,519 − 20,519 35,915 56,434

Underground .................................. 19,502 − 19,502 21,469 40,971

Surface ........................................... 1,017 − 1,017 14,445 15,463

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 3,207 3,207

Underground .................................. − − − 1,959 1,959

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,248 1,248

Texas ................................................... − 32,103 32,103 20,581 52,684

Surface ........................................... − 32,103 32,103 20,581 52,684

Utah ..................................................... 8,737 − 8,737 16,430 25,167

Underground .................................. 8,737 − 8,737 16,430 25,167

Virginia ............................................... 8,514 491 9,005 25,024 34,029

Underground .................................. 8,174 − 8,174 17,133 25,308

Surface ........................................... 340 491 831 7,891 8,721

Washington......................................... − 4,627 4,627 241 4,868

Surface ........................................... − 4,627 4,627 241 4,868

West Virginia Total........................... 94,616 − 94,616 68,239 162,855

Underground .................................. 67,613 − 67,613 42,354 109,967

Surface ........................................... 27,003 − 27,003 25,885 52,888

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 19 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 32,669 − 32,669 13,374 46,043

Underground .................................. 32,669 − 32,669 8,036 40,704

Surface ........................................... − − − 5,339 5,339

Southern ........................................... 61,947 − 61,947 54,865 116,812

Underground .................................. 34,944 − 34,944 34,319 69,263

Surface ........................................... 27,003 − 27,003 20,546 47,550

Wyoming............................................. 4,483 10,252 14,735 249,087 263,822

Underground .................................. − − − 2,008 2,008

Surface ........................................... 4,483 10,252 14,735 247,079 261,814

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 169,095 1,897 170,991 262,396 433,387

Underground .................................. 129,522 315 129,837 151,874 281,710

Surface ........................................... 39,573 1,582 41,154 110,522 151,676

Interior Total1 ................................... 58,151 34,981 93,131 75,318 168,450

Underground .................................. 39,196 2,532 41,728 27,305 69,033

Surface ........................................... 18,954 32,449 51,403 48,013 99,416

Western Total1 .................................. 58,373 52,644 111,017 318,560 429,577

Underground .................................. 12,797 − 12,797 32,204 45,001

Surface ........................................... 45,577 52,644 98,220 286,356 384,576

East of Miss. River............................ 226,961 4,774 231,735 310,990 542,724

Underground .................................. 168,718 2,847 171,565 179,154 350,718

Surface ........................................... 58,242 1,927 60,170 131,836 192,006

West of Miss. River........................... 58,658 84,747 143,405 345,284 488,689

Underground .................................. 12,797 − 12,797 32,230 45,026

Surface ........................................... 45,861 84,747 130,608 313,054 443,663

Unknown2........................................... NA NA NA NA 1,560

Underground .................................. NA NA NA NA 504

Surface ........................................... NA NA NA NA 1,056

U.S. Total............................................ 285,619 89,521 375,140 656,274 1,032,974

Underground ..................................... 181,515 2,847 184,362 211,383 396,249

Surface .............................................. 104,104 86,674 190,778 444,890 636,725

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

20 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 12. Coal Production by State and Disposition, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2 Total State and Region

Alabama ................................................................ 23,770 810 24,579

Alaska .................................................................... 1,695 3 1,698

Arizona .................................................................. 11,947 0 11,947

Arkansas ................................................................ 0 15 15

Colorado ................................................................ 25,710 0 25,710

Illinois ................................................................... 47,776 403 48,180

Indiana ................................................................... 25,945 38 25,983

Kansas ................................................................... 285 0 285

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 151,305 2,080 153,384

Eastern ................................................................ 116,130 2,080 118,210

Western .............................................................. 35,174 0 35,174

Louisiana ............................................................... 3,719 0 3,719

Maryland ............................................................... 3,613 30 3,643

Missouri ................................................................ 539 0 539

Montana ................................................................ 35,745 3,696 39,441

New Mexico.......................................................... 26,813 0 26,813

North Dakota ........................................................ 29,044 1,068 30,112

Ohio ....................................................................... 19,798 6,237 26,035

Oklahoma .............................................................. 1,870 0 1,870

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 59,011 1,818 60,828

Anthracite ........................................................... 3,019 1,375 4,394

Bituminous ......................................................... 55,992 442 56,434

Tennessee .............................................................. 3,207 0 3,207

Texas ..................................................................... 14,344 38,340 52,684

Utah ....................................................................... 17,093 8,074 25,167

Virginia ................................................................. 30,986 3,043 34,029

Washington ........................................................... 241 4,627 4,868

West Virginia Total .............................................. 159,073 3,782 162,855

Northern ............................................................. 44,303 1,739 46,043

Southern ............................................................. 114,769 2,043 116,812

Wyoming ............................................................... 247,503 16,319 263,822

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 415,588 17,799 433,387

Interior Total3..................................................... 129,654 38,796 168,450

Western Total3.................................................... 395,790 33,786 429,577

East of Miss. River ............................................. 524,484 18,240 542,724

West of Miss. River ............................................ 416,548 72,141 488,689

Total4 .................................................................... 941,032 90,381 1,031,413

Unknown5 ............................................................ NA NA 1,560

U.S. Total ............................................................. NA NA 1,032,974

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

4 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

5 Includes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 21 
Table 13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal

and Indian Leases by State, 1995

 Federal Leases Indian Leases

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Acres Production Royalties Acres Production Royalties

Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars) Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars)

Alabama ................................. 3,576 38 145 −− −

Arizona .................................. −− − 64,858 12,249 32,301

Colorado ................................ 44,064 18,917 24,613 −− −

Kentucky ................................ 820 215 303 −− −

Montana ................................. 36,612 28,038 38,420 14,746 4,468 2,037

New Mexico .......................... 12,132 6,242 22,036 36,026 11,648 31,352

North Dakota......................... 6,632 2,055 891 −− −

Oklahoma .............................. 15,342 521 645 −− −

Utah ....................................... 48,197 23,577 37,691 −− −

Washington ............................ 241 427 659 −− −

Wyoming ............................... 130,090 268,484 178,202 −− −

Appalachian Total1............. 3,576 38 145 −− −

Interior Total1 ..................... 16,162 736 948 −− −

Western Total1 .................... 277,968 347,740 302,512 115,630 28,365 65,690

East of Miss. River.............. 4,396 254 447 −− −

West of Miss. River............. 293,310 348,261 303,158 115,630 28,365 65,690

U.S. Total.............................. 297,706 348,515 303,605 115,630 28,365 65,690

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: U.S. Total for this table represents Federal and Indian Leases only. Output from Federal and Indian Lands is reported as sales volume, the

basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues, 1995, Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases.

22 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1995

Production Rank Mine Name/Company Mine Type State (short tons)

1 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 36,180,336

2 Rochelle/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 26,089,177

3 Jacobs Ranch/Kerr McGee Surface Wyoming 24,639,356

4 North Antelope/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 21,248,991

5 Belle Ayr/Amax Coal West Surface Wyoming 18,807,390

6 Caballo/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 18,080,904

7 Eagle Butte/Amax Coal West Surface Wyoming 16,942,228

8 Caballo Rojo/Caballo Rojo Surface Wyoming 16,808,549

9 Rawhide/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 15,354,587

10 Freedom-Coteau/Coteau Properties Surface North Dakota 15,112,270

11 Cordero/Cordero Mining Surface Wyoming 14,602,928

12 Buckskin/Triton Coal Surface Wyoming 11,669,531

13 Rosebud # 6/Western Energy Surface Montana 11,255,756

14 Antelope/Antelope Coal Surface Wyoming 10,851,318

15 Spring Creek/Spring Creek Coal Surface Montana 8,514,615

16 West Decker/Decker Coal Surface Montana 8,475,335

17 Navajo/BHP Minerals Surface New Mexico 8,412,000

18 Jewett/Northwestern Resources Surface Texas 8,303,536

19 Enlow Fork/Enlow Fork Mining Underground Pennsylvania 8,035,295

20 Monticello-Winfield/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 7,384,760

21 Bailey No. 1/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 7,330,192

22 Keyenta/Peabody Western Coal Surface Arizona 7,119,858

23 Falkirk/Falkirk Mining Surface North Dakota 7,071,425

24 Martin Lake/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 7,003,841

25 Jim Bridger/Bridger Coal Surface Wyoming 6,983,261

26 Mckinley/Pittsburgh & Midway Coal Mining Surface New Mexico 6,622,935

27 Foidel Creek/Twenty Mile Coal Underground Colorado 5,846,802

28 Sandow-Rockdale/ALCOA Surface Texas 5,827,545

29 Martin Lake-Oak Hill/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,536,900

30 Galatia No. 56/Kerr-McGee Coal Underground Illinois 5,510,459

31 Mount Gunnison/Mountain Coal Underground Colorado 5,338,652

32 No. 50 Mine/US Steel Mining Underground West Virginia 5,125,338

33 Mountaineer/Mingo Logan Coal Underground West Virginia 4,996,372

34 Skyline 01/Coastal States Energy Underground Utah 4,883,803

35 Black Mesa/Peabody Western Coal Surface Arizona 4,826,946

36 Big Brown/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 4,759,044

37 Big Sky/Big Sky Coal Surface Montana 4,708,970

38 Cumberland/Cyprus Cumberland Resources Underground Pennsylvania 4,639,509

39 Peats Branch No. 3/Old Hickory Coal Surface West Virginia 4,401,009

40 Absaloka/Westmoreland Resources Surface Montana 4,386,882

41 Colowyo/Colowyo Coal Surface Colorado 4,363,359

42 No. 13 Baker/Costain Coal Underground Kentucky 4,281,649

43 Federal No. 2/Eastern Associated Coal Underground West Virginia 4,253,239

44 Coal Creek/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 4,205,393

45 San Juan/San Juan Coal Surface New Mexico 4,191,335

46 Deer Creek/Pacificorp Underground Utah 4,142,193

47 McElroy/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,072,411

48 Center/BNI Coal Surface North Dakota 4,038,689

49 Lee Ranch/Lee Ranch Coal Surface New Mexico 3,973,282

50 Powhatan No. 6/Ohio Valley Coal Underground Ohio 3,946,017

51 No. 37/Arch of Kentucky Underground Kentucky 3,925,000

52 Southern Utah Fuel/Coastal States Energy Underground Utah 3,874,328

53 Shoemaker/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,819,586

54 Blacksville No. 2/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,811,399

55 Emerald No. 1/Cypruss Emerald Resources Underground Pennsylvania 3,768,145

56 South Hallsville No. 1/Sabine Mining Surface Texas 3,748,956

57 Robinson Run/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,666,950

58 Kemmerer/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Surface Wyoming 3,624,328

59 Samples (Kanawha)/Catenary Coal Surface West Virginia 3,606,926

60 Dry Fork/Dry Fork Coal Surface Wyoming 3,603,601

61 Lynnville/Peabody Coal Surface Indiana 3,495,196

62 Gibbons Creek/Navasota Mining Surface Texas 3,312,452

63 Rend Lake/CONSOL Underground Illinois 3,269,017

64 Dave Johnston/Pacificorp Surface Wyoming 3,268,961

65 Marissa/Peabody Coal Underground Illinois 3,258,994

66 Buchanan No. 1/CONSOL Underground Virginia 3,180,256

67 Shamrock No. 18/Elk River Resources Underground Kentucky 3,157,336

68 Hawthorn/Peabody Coal Surface Indiana 3,151,377

69 Humphrey No. 7/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 3,109,806

* Subtotal 527,808,786

* All Other Mines 505,164,986

* U.S. Total 1,032,973,772

Notes: Major mines are mines that produced more than 3 million short tons in 1995. The company is the firm operating the mine.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 23 
Table 15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1995

 Production Rank Company Name Percent of Total Production (thousand short tons)

1 Peabody Holding Co., Inc. 139,048 13.5

2 Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. 76,028 7.4

3 Consol Energy Inc. 69,144 6.7

4 Kennecott Energy Co. 53,211 5.2

5 ARCO Coal Co. 45,724 4.4

6 Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 35,507 3.4

7 Kerr-McGee Coal Corp. 30,559 2.9

8 North American Coal Corp. 26,771 2.6

9 Texas Utilities Co. 26,009 2.5

10 Montana Power Co. 24,693 2.4

11 Arch Mineral Corp. 24,275 2.4

12 A.T. Massey Coal Co. 23,927 2.3

13 Marigold Land Co. 16,809 1.6

14 Ashland Coal Inc. 15,399 1.5

15 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Co. 14,630 1.4

16 Kiewitt Coal Properties 14,536 1.4

17 BHP Utah Minerals 14,361 1.4

18 Mapco Coal Inc. 13,573 1.3

19 Pittston Coal Group 13,216 1.2

20 Costain Coal Inc. 10,421 1.0

21 Coastal Corp. 9,250 .9

22 Jim Walter Resources Inc. 8,236 .8

23 James River Coal Co. 8,011 .8

24 U.S. Steel Mining Co. 7,780 .8

25 PacifiCorp 7,660 .7

26 Westmoreland Resources Inc. 7,628 .7

27 Drummond Co. 7,550 .7

28 Central Ohio Coal Co. 6,830 .7

29 Black Beauty Coal Co. 6,682 .6

30 Dal-Tex Coal Corp. 5,848 .6

31 Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal 5,831 .6

32 ALCOA 5,828 .6

33 Teco Coal Corp. 5,497 .5

34 Monterey Coal Co. 5,099 .5

35 Andalex Resources 4,967 .5

36 General Dynamics Corp. 4,817 .5

37 Sun Coal Co. 4,521 .4

38 Golden Oak Mining Co. 4,346 .4

39 MDU Resources Group Inc. 4,186 .4

40 Minnesota Power & Light 4,039 .4

41 Ohio Valley Resources 3,946 .4

42 A N R Coal Co. 3,687 .4

43 Texas Municipal Power 3,312 .4

44 BethEnergy Mines Inc. 3,201 .3

45 Black Hills Corp. 2,934 .3

46 San Miguel Electric CoOp 2,924 .3

47 Dolet Hills Mining Venture 2,881 .3

48 Addington Inc. 2,818 .3

49 Appalachian Mining 2,775 .3

50 Dorchester Coal Corp. 2,709 .3

51 Mincorp Inc. 2,620 .3

52 Anker Group Inc. 2,422 .2

53 Teco Energy Coal Corp. 2,215 .2

54 Pen Coal Corp. 2,122 .2

55 Appolo Fuels Inc. 2,086 .2

56 Genwal Resources Inc. 2,081 .2

57 United Coal Co. 2,042 .2

58 Williams Fork Co. 2,024 .2

* Subtotal 861,252 83.4

* All other coal producers 171,722 16.6

* U.S. Total 1,032,974 100.0

Notes: Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 2 million short tons in 1995. The company is the

firm owning the mineral rights to the mined coal.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine

Employment and Production Report.’’

24 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Productive Capacity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 25 
Table 16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 19861 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 32,546 33,049 27,916 29,815 30,195 26,818 −1.5 1.9 2.2

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 1,570 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 11,556 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 150 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 32,435 31,075 30,040 25,848 23,593 16,407 4.4 8.3 7.9

Illinois .................................................. 56,627 69,414 69,320 75,787 75,710 66,366 −18.4 −7.0 −1.7

Indiana ................................................. 35,256 38,931 43,955 42,990 45,155 34,880 −9.4 −6.0 .1

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 551 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 1,572 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 203,173 213,427 204,805 195,352 199,282 161,630 −4.8 .5 2.6

Eastern .............................................. 152,111 161,731 157,318 149,046 145,549 116,640 −5.9 1.1 3.0

Western ............................................. 51,062 51,696 47,486 46,306 53,734 44,991 −1.2 −1.3 1.4

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 2,751 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 4,408 4,332 3,927 3,902 4,248 3,956 1.8 .9 1.2

Missouri ............................................... 1,081 1,209 w w w 5,186 −10.6 w −16.0

Montana ............................................... 51,597 51,104 50,849 48,582 48,604 35,008 1.0 1.5 4.4

New Mexico ........................................ 32,760 32,807 33,360 29,512 28,187 23,173 −.1 3.8 3.9

North Dakota ....................................... 34,464 35,920 36,371 36,986 35,976 27,480 −4.0 −1.1 2.5

Ohio ..................................................... 34,011 43,925 42,236 41,329 47,397 39,364 −22.6 −8.0 −1.6

Oklahoma............................................. 2,557 2,251 2,422 2,486 2,328 3,095 13.6 2.4 −2.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 77,187 80,975 82,148 82,968 80,418 77,674 −4.7 −1.0 −.1

Anthracite.......................................... 6,547 5,776 5,806 4,143 4,043 4,099 13.3 12.8 5.3

Bituminous........................................ 70,640 75,200 76,342 78,825 76,375 73,575 −6.1 −1.9 −.4

Tennessee............................................. 3,750 3,409 3,763 3,932 5,159 7,020 10.0 −7.7 −6.7

Texas.................................................... 54,758 55,856 57,115 58,541 59,579 51,980 −2.0 −2.1 .6

Utah...................................................... 30,888 27,640 25,933 25,534 25,482 18,216 11.7 4.9 6.0

Virginia ................................................ 43,037 46,462 50,879 54,471 55,271 41,501 −7.4 −6.1 .4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 4,981 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 204,837 201,684 191,706 198,083 200,114 138,629 1.6 .6 4.4

Northern ............................................ 56,355 59,295 60,015 62,811 64,717 51,192 −4.9 −3.4 1.1

Southern ............................................ 148,482 142,388 131,691 135,271 135,398 87,437 4.3 2.3 6.1

Wyoming ............................................. 337,184 321,046 277,875 253,312 250,251 147,667 5.0 7.7 9.6

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 551,888 575,568 559,893 563,545 568,350 451,602 −4.1 −.7 2.3

Interior Total2 ................................... 205,393 223,897 225,938 235,040 245,487 211,521 −8.3 −4.4 −.3

Western Total2 .................................. 541,773 521,191 476,042 442,469 434,642 286,058 3.9 5.7 7.3

East of Miss. River............................ 694,832 735,609 720,654 728,628 742,949 597,839 −5.5 −1.7 1.7

West of Miss. River........................... 604,222 585,047 541,219 512,426 505,529 351,342 3.3 4.5 6.2

U.S. Total............................................ 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 1,248,479 949,182 −1.6 1.0 3.5

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

26 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Percent)

 Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 19861

State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 75.52 70.19 88.46 86.26 89.97 95.80

Alaska ..................................................... wwwww 99.97

Arizona .................................................... wwwww 100.00

Arkansas .................................................. wwwww 98.68

California ................................................ −−− w w −

Colorado .................................................. 79.27 81.41 72.84 74.35 75.58 92.75

Illinois ..................................................... 85.08 76.06 59.28 78.98 79.58 93.21

Indiana .................................................... 73.70 79.37 66.60 70.86 69.66 94.07

Iowa ........................................................ − wwww 86.57

Kansas ..................................................... wwwww 94.06

Kentucky Total ....................................... 75.49 75.54 76.11 82.15 79.45 94.22

Eastern .................................................. 77.71 76.70 76.15 79.72 80.12 95.33

Western ................................................ 68.89 71.89 76.00 89.95 77.64 91.34

Louisiana ................................................. wwwww 81.93

Maryland ................................................. 82.65 83.07 85.01 84.50 88.12 97.80

Missouri .................................................. 49.88 69.35 w w w 90.28

Montana .................................................. 76.44 81.47 70.64 80.03 78.65 97.06

New Mexico ........................................... 81.85 85.47 84.74 83.18 76.34 92.76

North Dakota .......................................... 87.37 89.88 87.89 85.83 82.08 93.30

Ohio ........................................................ 76.55 67.87 67.94 73.19 64.27 91.98

Oklahoma ................................................ 73.14 83.98 71.95 69.73 79.08 98.08

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 78.81 75.89 71.79 82.20 80.17 90.85

Anthracite ............................................. 67.12 74.02 68.80 75.22 74.44 93.38

Bituminous ........................................... 79.89 76.03 72.02 82.57 80.47 90.71

Tennessee ................................................ 85.51 87.27 79.73 86.50 81.46 96.14

Texas ....................................................... 96.21 93.72 95.54 94.07 90.34 93.48

Utah ......................................................... 81.48 88.27 84.22 83.57 86.12 78.33

Virginia ................................................... 79.07 79.61 77.07 78.70 75.65 98.24

Washington ............................................. wwwww 92.21

West Virginia Total................................ 79.50 80.07 67.91 81.70 83.42 93.24

Northern ............................................... 81.70 83.04 56.15 79.44 80.32 93.91

Southern ............................................... 78.67 78.83 73.28 82.75 84.90 92.86

Wyoming ................................................ 78.24 73.85 75.62 75.07 77.46 92.65

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 78.53 77.07 72.85 80.63 80.13 93.96

Interior Total2 ...................................... 82.01 80.29 73.95 83.22 79.57 92.87

Western Total2...................................... 79.29 78.33 77.41 78.04 78.86 92.69

East of Miss. River ............................... 78.11 76.73 71.37 80.47 79.26 93.68

West of Miss. River.............................. 80.88 79.85 79.29 79.80 80.05 92.73

U.S. Total............................................... 79.40 78.11 74.77 80.20 79.58 93.33

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 27 
Table 18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Production Utilization Production Utilization Production Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 17,604 22,628 77.80 6,976 9,919 70.33 24,579 32,546 75.52

Alaska ............................................ −−− 1,698 w w 1,698 w w

Arizona .......................................... −−− 11,947 w w 11,947 w w

Arkansas ........................................ −−− 15 w w 15 w w

Colorado ........................................ 17,187 22,135 77.65 8,523 10,300 82.75 25,710 32,435 79.27

Illinois ............................................ 41,118 48,321 85.09 7,062 8,305 85.02 48,180 56,627 85.08

Indiana ........................................... 3,540 w w 22,443 w w 25,983 35,256 73.70

Kansas ............................................ −−− 285 w w 285 w w

Kentucky Total.............................. 94,017 125,062 75.18 59,367 78,112 76.00 153,384 203,173 75.49

Eastern ........................................ 69,667 89,818 77.56 48,543 62,293 77.93 118,210 152,111 77.71

Western ....................................... 24,350 35,243 69.09 10,825 15,819 68.43 35,174 51,062 68.89

Louisiana ....................................... −−− 3,719 w w 3,719 w w

Maryland ........................................ 2,887 w w 756 w w 3,643 4,408 82.65

Missouri ......................................... −−− 539 1,081 49.88 539 1,081 49.88

Montana ......................................... −−− 39,441 51,597 76.44 39,441 51,597 76.44

New Mexico.................................. 640 w w 26,173 w w 26,813 32,760 81.85

North Dakota................................. −−− 30,112 34,464 87.37 30,112 34,464 87.37

Ohio ............................................... 13,077 14,823 88.23 12,958 19,188 67.53 26,035 34,011 76.55

Oklahoma ...................................... 25 w w 1,845 w w 1,870 2,557 73.14

Pennsylvania Total........................ 41,241 50,317 81.96 19,587 26,870 72.90 60,828 77,187 78.81

Anthracite ................................... 270 447 60.42 4,124 6,100 67.61 4,394 6,547 67.12

Bituminous ................................. 40,971 49,871 82.16 15,463 20,769 74.45 56,434 70,640 79.89

Tennessee ...................................... 1,959 w w 1,248 w w 3,207 3,750 85.51

Texas .............................................. −−− 52,684 54,758 96.21 52,684 54,758 96.21

Utah ............................................... 25,167 30,888 81.48 −−− 25,167 30,888 81.48

Virginia .......................................... 25,308 30,753 82.29 8,721 12,284 71.00 34,029 43,037 79.07

Washington .................................... −−− 4,868 w w 4,868 w w

West Virginia Total ...................... 109,967 132,282 83.13 52,888 72,555 72.89 162,855 204,837 79.50

Northern ...................................... 40,704 48,429 84.05 5,339 7,926 67.36 46,043 56,355 81.70

Southern ...................................... 69,263 83,853 82.60 47,550 64,629 73.57 116,812 148,482 78.67

Wyoming ....................................... 2,008 w w 261,814 w w 263,822 337,184 78.24

Appalachian Total1..................... 281,710 346,427 81.32 151,676 205,461 73.82 433,387 551,888 78.53

Interior Total1 ............................. 69,033 87,940 78.50 99,416 117,453 84.64 168,450 205,393 82.01

Western Total1 ............................ 45,001 58,023 77.56 384,576 483,751 79.50 429,577 541,773 79.29

East of Miss. River...................... 350,718 434,341 80.75 192,006 260,491 73.71 542,724 694,832 78.11

West of Miss. River..................... 45,026 58,048 77.57 443,663 546,174 81.23 488,689 604,222 80.88

Unknown2 .................................... 504 NA NA 1,056 NA NA 1,560 NA NA

U.S. Total...................................... 396,249 492,389 80.37 636,725 806,664 78.80 1,032,974 1,299,054 79.40

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Coal production excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

28 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines

by State and Mining Method, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall1 Other1 2

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama......................................... 7,805 70.79 − − 14,823 81.49 − −

Colorado ........................................ w w w w 13,697 82.60 w w

Illinois............................................ 32,374 83.05 − − 15,947 89.25 − −

Indiana ........................................... w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 87,951 78.01 19,798 67.90 16,697 68.39 615 88.33

Eastern ........................................ 62,705 79.81 w w w w 615 88.33

Western....................................... 25,246 73.54 w w w w − −

Maryland ........................................ w w − − w w − −

New Mexico.................................. − − − − w w − −

Ohio ............................................... 4,197 86.85 − − 10,626 88.77 − −

Oklahoma ...................................... w w − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 22,367 73.77 w w 26,984 89.77 w w

Anthracite ................................... w w w w − − w w

Bituminous ................................. w w w w 26,984 89.77 − −

Tennessee ...................................... w w − − − − − −

Utah ............................................... 8,877 61.69 w w 19,878 91.24 w w

Virginia.......................................... 16,523 84.81 6,747 78.47 wwww

West Virginia Total ...................... 69,673 80.71 17,859 77.91 44,750 88.99 − −

Northern...................................... 11,928 77.26 4,042 75.75 32,459 87.58 − −

Southern...................................... 57,746 81.42 13,817 78.54 12,291 92.71 − −

Wyoming ....................................... w w w w w w − −

Appalachian Total3..................... 186,527 79.67 w w w w w w

Interior Total3 ............................. 61,996 79.06 w w w w − −

Western Total3 ............................ 15,550 68.41 w w 37,800 84.29 w w

East of Miss. River...................... 248,498 79.52 w w 139,766 85.40 w w

West of Miss. River..................... 15,575 68.46 w w 37,800 84.29 w w

U.S. Total...................................... 264,073 78.86 48,586 71.05 177,567 85.16 2,163 81.06

1 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine capacity.

2 Includes shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading and unknown.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 29 
Table 20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and

Coal Rank, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama......................................... 32,546 75.52 − − − − − −

Alaska............................................ − − w w − − − −

Arizona .......................................... w w − − − − − −

Arkansas ........................................ − − − − − − w w

Colorado ........................................ 21,785 78.83 10,650 80.15 − − − −

Illinois............................................ 56,627 85.08 − − − − − −

Indiana ........................................... 35,256 73.70 − − − − − −

Kansas............................................ w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 203,173 75.49 − − − − − −

Eastern ........................................ 152,111 77.71 − − − − − −

Western....................................... 51,062 68.89 − − − − − −

Louisiana ....................................... − − − − w w − −

Maryland........................................ 4,408 82.65 − − − − − −

Missouri......................................... 1,081 49.88 − − − − − −

Montana......................................... − − w w w w − −

New Mexico.................................. w w w w − − − −

North Dakota................................. − − − − 34,464 87.37 − −

Ohio ............................................... 34,011 76.55 − − − − − −

Oklahoma ...................................... 2,557 73.14 − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 70,640 79.89 −−−− 6,547 67.12

Anthracite ................................... − − − − − − 6,547 67.12

Bituminous ................................. 70,640 79.89 − − − − − −

Tennessee ...................................... 3,750 85.51 − − − − − −

Texas .............................................. w w − − w w − −

Utah ............................................... 30,888 81.48 − − − − − −

Virginia.......................................... 43,037 79.07 − − − − − −

Washington.................................... w w w w − − − −

West Virginia Total ...................... 204,837 79.50 −−−−−−

Northern...................................... 56,355 81.70 − − − − − −

Southern...................................... 148,482 78.67 − − − − − −

Wyoming ....................................... w w w w − − − −

Appalachian Total1..................... 545,341 78.67 −−−− 6,547 67.12

Interior Total1 ............................. 147,587 76.12 − − 57,788 97.06 w w

Western Total1 ............................ 91,383 77.89 415,486 78.94 34,905 87.12 − −

East of Miss. River...................... 688,285 78.21 −−−− 6,547 67.12

West of Miss. River..................... 96,025 77.26 415,486 78.94 92,693 93.32 w w

U.S. Total...................................... 784,310 78.10 415,486 78.94 92,693 93.32 2 6,547 2 67.12

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal rank definitions. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal

that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive

capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania

anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

30 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Mine Production Range, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons, Percent)

Capacity

 Productive Capacity Utilization

(percent)

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range

State and Region (thousand short tons)

 1,000 500 200 100 10 1,000 500 200 100 10

and to to to to and to to to to

over 1,000 500 200 100 over 1,000 500 200 100

Alabama ............................................... 21,921 5,168 w w 2,815 79.29 71.68 w w 55.84

Alaska .................................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Arizona ................................................ w − − − − w − − − −

Arkansas .............................................. − − − − w − − − − w

Colorado .............................................. 25,750 w 3,035 − w 87.68 w 58.09 − w

Illinois .................................................. 51,394 w w w w 87.71 w w w w

Indiana ................................................. w 6,584 7,976 2,642 w w 65.72 58.88 34.05 w

Kansas .................................................. − − w −−−− w − −

Kentucky Total .................................... 57,958 61,615 43,732 19,553 20,315 82.30 78.76 75.91 70.36 50.22

Eastern .............................................. 32,100 45,230 37,609 17,559 19,614 89.29 82.57 77.76 74.76 50.11

Western ............................................. 25,858 16,384 6,123 1,995 702 73.62 68.24 64.54 31.61 53.34

Louisiana .............................................. w w −−− w w −−−

Maryland .............................................. w − w w 595 w − w w 68.15

Missouri ............................................... −−− w w −−− w w

Montana ............................................... w − w − − w − w − −

New Mexico ........................................ w w −−− w w −−−

North Dakota ....................................... 34,464 − − − − 87.37 − − − −

Ohio ..................................................... 14,421 6,766 5,519 2,853 4,452 86.31 80.58 72.65 71.67 46.76

Oklahoma ............................................. − − 1,770 w w − − 82.36 w w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 38,030 7,029 14,777 6,627 10,724 84.37 90.30 71.16 75.99 63.81

Anthracite.......................................... − − 2,648 1,177 2,722 − − 77.65 83.03 50.01

Bituminous........................................ 38,030 7,029 12,129 5,451 8,001 84.37 90.30 69.75 74.47 68.50

Tennessee ............................................. − w 1,693 930 w − w 89.07 80.56 w

Texas .................................................... 53,538 − w − w 97.32 − w − w

Utah ...................................................... 26,810 w w w − 88.89 w w w −

Virginia ................................................ w w 14,493 6,950 7,704 w w 85.23 78.19 63.43

Washington .......................................... w − w − − w − w − −

West Virginia Total............................. 108,796 29,759 40,542 11,290 14,451 86.93 85.09 68.61 67.58 52.00

Northern ............................................ 39,938 6,578 4,661 2,080 3,098 86.81 73.47 76.41 67.30 50.97

Southern ............................................ 68,858 23,180 35,881 9,210 11,353 87.00 88.38 67.59 67.65 52.29

Wyoming ............................................. 326,484 w w − w 80.14 w w − w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 227,268 99,359 117,240 47,057 60,965 85.83 83.27 74.48 73.77 55.05

Interior Total1 ................................... 151,187 27,186 18,854 w w 89.32 66.54 63.71 w w

Western Total1 .................................. 517,520 9,530 12,848 w w 81.50 42.17 28.25 w w

East of Miss. River............................ 322,016 125,695 132,939 51,811 62,371 85.44 79.55 73.01 70.18 54.84

West of Miss. River........................... 573,958 10,380 16,002 1,264 2,618 83.06 46.79 36.86 57.48 17.87

U.S. Total............................................ 895,974 136,075 148,941 53,075 64,989 83.91 77.05 69.13 69.88 53.35

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 31 
Table 22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and

Capacity Utilization Range, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons, Short Tons per Miner per Hour)

 Productive Capacity Productivity

Capacity Utilization Range

 Coal-Producing (percent)

State and Region

 90 80 70 60 Less 90 80 70 60 Less

 and to to to than Total and to to to than Total

over 90 80 70 60 over 90 80 70 60

Alabama .................................................. 11,127 7,213 2,414 2,691 9,102 32,546 2.25 2.98 2.26 3.16 1.48 2.24

Alaska ..................................................... −−− w − w −−− 7.46 − 7.46

Arizona .................................................... − w −−− w − 6.56 −−− 6.34

Arkansas .................................................. − w −−− w − 1.47 −−− 1.47

Colorado .................................................. 13,450 8,835 w − w 32,435 7.66 5.89 6.38 − 3.38 6.14

Illinois ..................................................... 22,933 16,550 13,180 − 3,964 56,627 3.72 4.25 4.63 − 1.83 3.87

Indiana .................................................... 18,225 w w w 10,993 35,256 4.72 4.68 6.22 6.15 4.06 4.68

Kansas ..................................................... w −−−− w 2.22 −−−− 2.22

Kentucky Total ....................................... 82,297 30,101 25,381 12,742 52,652 203,173 4.07 4.15 4.22 4.08 1.90 3.57

Eastern .................................................. 69,040 w w 6,325 35,904 152,111 3.94 4.19 4.27 4.20 1.64 3.47

Western ................................................ 13,257 w w 6,417 16,748 51,062 4.92 4.04 4.12 3.97 2.79 3.97

Louisiana ................................................. w −−−− w 13.25 −−−− 13.25

Maryland ................................................. 254 w w w 269 4,408 2.40 5.42 1.95 2.84 .98 3.82

Missouri .................................................. w − − w w 1,081 1.98 − − 2.20 3.99 2.55

Montana .................................................. w w w w w 51,597 16.88 26.90 27.49 18.66 9.81 21.06

New Mexico ........................................... w w w − w 32,760 8.05 3.64 7.21 − 2.44 6.92

North Dakota .......................................... w w − w w 34,464 17.89 14.26 − 13.72 16.22 16.80

Ohio ........................................................ 11,300 6,210 5,775 3,540 7,187 34,011 3.68 4.84 3.88 2.88 2.50 3.62

Oklahoma ................................................ 1,604 −−− 953 2,557 3.23 −−− 2.15 2.97

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 37,136 16,086 3,134 4,365 16,464 77,187 4.29 3.24 2.25 4.24 1.38 3.23

Anthracite ............................................. 2,146 1,063 w w 2,539 6,547 3.07 4.07 26.05 2.81 .71 2.08

Bituminous ........................................... 34,990 15,023 w w 13,925 70,640 4.40 3.19 1.91 4.40 1.59 3.37

Tennessee ................................................ 1,995 w w w w 3,750 3.00 4.31 2.53 1.51 .56 2.36

Texas ....................................................... 47,825 w − − w 54,758 9.11 10.74 − − 3.74 9.10

Utah ......................................................... 12,432 w − w w 30,888 6.99 8.68 − 3.98 3.58 7.02

Virginia ................................................... 20,391 6,982 1,434 5,181 9,047 43,037 2.95 3.27 2.42 2.48 1.16 2.50

Washington ............................................. w − − w − w 4.26 − − 3.82 − 4.04

West Virginia Total................................ 109,050 25,188 12,167 20,032 38,400 204,837 4.31 4.30 5.07 3.91 1.54 3.74

Northern ............................................... 27,439 10,671 4,120 6,445 7,680 56,355 4.17 4.11 6.61 3.36 1.57 3.72

Southern ............................................... 81,611 14,517 8,047 13,587 30,720 148,482 4.36 4.45 4.51 4.24 1.53 3.75

Wyoming ................................................ 134,984 56,500 w w 39,400 337,184 31.85 26.79 33.02 45.01 12.21 30.06

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 260,293 88,501 43,740 42,605 116,748 551,888 3.87 3.87 3.79 3.52 1.52 3.32

Interior Total1 ...................................... 108,028 33,078 22,060 7,717 34,510 205,393 5.73 4.74 4.52 4.03 2.86 4.97

Western Total1...................................... 205,183 117,735 74,560 84,210 60,086 541,773 17.57 13.66 16.62 21.72 6.96 15.68

East of Miss. River ............................... 314,708 115,849 65,800 50,022 148,453 694,832 3.93 3.95 4.01 3.60 1.69 3.45

West of Miss. River.............................. 258,795 123,466 74,560 84,510 62,891 604,222 14.39 13.48 16.62 21.06 6.53 14.18

U.S. Total............................................... 573,503 239,314 140,360 134,532 211,344 1,299,054 5.83 6.26 6.74 7.59 2.11 5.38

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations

management and all technical and engineering personnel. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported

by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on

Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

32 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Recoverable Reserves Range

(million short tons)

Coal-Producing 50 and over 10 to 50 0 to 10 Total

State and Region

 Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 11,469 77.36 11,336 74.90 9,742 74.07 32,546 75.52

Alaska ............................................ w w −− −− w w

Arizona .......................................... w w −− −− w w

Arkansas ........................................ −− −− ww ww

Colorado ........................................ 18,150 92.04 10,500 68.81 3,785 47.04 32,435 79.27

Illinois ............................................ 16,107 92.57 26,550 81.44 13,969 83.36 56,627 85.08

Indiana ........................................... w w w w 20,084 68.91 35,256 73.70

Kansas ............................................ −− −− ww ww

Kentucky Total.............................. 18,263 65.96 33,398 71.34 151,512 77.56 203,173 75.49

Eastern ........................................ w w w w 126,767 78.76 152,111 77.71

Western ....................................... w w w w 24,745 71.39 51,062 68.89

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w − − w w

Maryland ........................................ − − w w w w 4,408 82.65

Missouri ......................................... −− −− 1,081 49.88 1,081 49.88

Montana ......................................... w w w w − − 51,597 76.44

New Mexico.................................. w w − − w w 32,760 81.85

North Dakota................................. 34,464 87.37 −− −− 34,464 87.37

Ohio ............................................... 10,921 89.05 6,554 71.62 16,536 70.25 34,011 76.55

Oklahoma ...................................... − − w w w w 2,557 73.14

Pennsylvania Total........................ 24,830 85.98 16,923 74.17 35,434 75.99 77,187 78.81

Anthracite ................................... − − w w w w 6,547 67.12

Bituminous ................................. 24,830 85.98 w w w w 70,640 79.89

Tennessee ...................................... − − w w w w 3,750 85.51

Texas .............................................. 44,901 97.37 w w w w 54,758 96.21

Utah ............................................... w w 14,956 71.11 w w 30,888 81.48

Virginia .......................................... − − 9,412 82.05 33,624 78.24 43,037 79.07

Washington .................................... − − ww ww ww

West Virginia Total ...................... 34,467 83.74 58,845 83.47 111,525 76.11 204,837 79.50

Northern ...................................... 22,500 87.52 18,972 79.14 14,883 76.17 56,355 81.70

Southern ...................................... 11,967 76.64 39,873 85.52 96,642 76.10 148,482 78.67

Wyoming ....................................... 326,784 79.33 − − 10,400 44.22 337,184 78.24

Appalachian Total1..................... 82,833 84.46 130,674 78.60 338,380 77.05 551,888 78.53

Interior Total1 ............................. 84,197 89.74 54,225 79.62 66,971 74.23 205,393 82.01

Western Total1 ............................ 487,088 80.72 36,518 75.28 18,167 48.95 541,773 79.29

East of Miss. River...................... 119,230 82.97 178,424 78.43 397,178 76.51 694,832 78.11

West of Miss. River..................... 534,889 82.22 42,993 77.79 26,339 58.67 604,222 80.88

U.S. Total...................................... 654,119 82.36 221,418 78.30 423,517 75.40 1,299,054 79.40

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the

ratio of total production to productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge

operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 33 
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ........................................ 23,512 76.14 − − 9,034 73.91 32,546 75.52

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 22,628 77.80

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 9,919 70.33

Alaska ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Surface ..................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ......................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ..................................... w w −−−− w w

Arkansas....................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Colorado ....................................... w w w w 21,285 85.18 32,435 79.27

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 22,135 77.65

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 10,300 82.75

Illinois........................................... 42,494 83.67 w w w w 56,627 85.08

Underground............................ 35,471 83.23 w w w w 48,321 85.09

Surface..................................... 7,023 85.91 w w w w 8,305 85.02

Indiana .......................................... 17,037 74.06 − − 18,218 73.36 35,256 73.70

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 4,350 81.38

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 30,906 72.62

Kansas ........................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ..................................... w w −−−− w w

Kentucky Total............................ w w w w 172,979 74.77 203,173 75.49

Underground ............................ w w w w 103,928 74.35 125,062 75.18

Surface ..................................... w w w w 69,051 75.41 78,112 76.00

Eastern ....................................... w w w w 134,448 77.25 152,111 77.71

Underground ............................ w w w w 79,310 76.62 89,818 77.56

Surface ..................................... w w w w 55,138 78.15 62,293 77.93

Western ...................................... w w − − 38,531 66.14 51,062 68.89

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 35,243 69.09

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 15,819 68.43

Louisiana ...................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Maryland...................................... − − − − 4,408 82.65 4,408 82.65

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Missouri........................................ − − − − 1,081 49.88 1,081 49.88

Surface..................................... − − − − 1,081 49.88 1,081 49.88

Montana........................................ 19,441 78.62 w w w w 51,597 76.44

Surface..................................... 19,441 78.62 w w w w 51,597 76.44

New Mexico.................................. w w w w w w 32,760 81.85

Underground ............................ w w −−−− w w

Surface..................................... w w w w w w w w

North Dakota ............................... w w w w w w 34,464 87.37

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 34,464 87.37

Ohio ............................................... w w w w 18,415 69.05 34,011 76.55

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 14,823 88.23

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 19,188 67.53

Oklahoma ..................................... − − − − 2,557 73.14 2,557 73.14

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total...................... w w w w 49,581 78.72 77,187 78.81

Underground ............................ w w − − 25,476 85.33 50,317 81.96

Surface ..................................... w w w w 24,105 71.74 26,870 72.90

Anthracite.................................. w w w w 4,825 64.62 6,547 67.12

Underground............................ − − − − 447 60.42 447 60.42

Surface..................................... w w w w 4,378 65.04 6,100 67.61

Bituminous ................................ 25,884 79.28 − − 44,756 80.24 70,640 79.89

Underground ............................ 24,841 78.51 − − 25,029 85.78 49,871 82.16

Surface ..................................... 1,042 97.60 − − 19,727 73.23 20,769 74.45

Tennessee...................................... − − − − 3,750 85.51 3,750 85.51

Underground............................ − − − − 2,446 80.08 2,446 80.08

Surface..................................... − − − − 1,304 95.69 1,304 95.69

Texas ............................................. − − 32,709 98.15 22,049 93.34 54,758 96.21

Surface ..................................... − − 32,709 98.15 22,049 93.34 54,758 96.21

Utah ............................................... 9,800 89.15 − − 21,088 77.91 30,888 81.48

Underground ............................ 9,800 89.15 − − 21,088 77.91 30,888 81.48

Virginia ......................................... w w w w 31,287 79.98 43,037 79.07

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 30,753 82.29

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 12,284 71.00

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Washington .................................. − − w w w w w w

Surface..................................... − − w w w w w w

West Virginia Total .................... 115,628 81.83 − − 89,209 76.49 204,837 79.50

Underground ............................ 79,627 84.91 − − 52,655 80.44 132,282 83.13

Surface ..................................... 36,001 75.01 − − 36,554 70.81 72,555 72.89

Northern .................................... 37,744 86.55 − − 18,611 71.86 56,355 81.70

Underground ............................ 37,744 86.55 − − 10,685 75.20 48,429 84.05

Surface..................................... − − − − 7,926 67.36 7,926 67.36

Southern .................................... 77,884 79.54 − − 70,598 77.71 148,482 78.67

Underground ............................ 41,883 83.43 − − 41,970 81.77 83,853 82.60

Surface ..................................... 36,001 75.01 − − 28,628 71.77 64,629 73.57

Wyoming ...................................... w w w w 320,800 77.65 337,184 78.24

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1..................... 209,194 80.83 2,561 74.07 340,133 77.15 551,888 78.53

Underground ............................ w w w w 189,870 79.99 346,427 81.32

Surface ..................................... w w w w 150,262 73.55 205,461 73.82

Interior Total1 ............................. 72,347 80.38 36,009 97.14 97,036 77.62 205,393 82.01

Underground ............................ w w w w 36,944 73.91 87,940 78.50

Surface ..................................... w w w w 60,093 79.90 117,453 84.64

Western Total1 ............................ 75,455 77.36 65,096 80.87 401,223 79.40 541,773 79.29

Underground ............................ 17,400 73.55 − − 40,623 79.28 58,023 77.56

Surface ..................................... 58,055 78.51 65,096 80.87 360,600 79.41 483,751 79.50

East of Miss. River...................... 281,257 80.70 5,861 81.46 407,715 76.28 694,832 78.11

Underground............................ 204,408 82.54 3,145 90.53 226,789 79.00 434,341 80.75

Surface..................................... 76,849 75.79 2,716 70.97 180,926 72.87 260,491 73.71

West of Miss. River..................... 75,740 77.45 97,805 86.65 430,677 80.17 604,222 80.88

Underground ............................ 17,400 73.55 − − 40,648 79.29 58,048 77.57

Surface ..................................... 58,340 78.61 97,805 86.65 390,029 80.26 546,174 81.23

U.S. Total...................................... 356,996 80.01 103,666 86.36 838,392 78.28 1,299,054 79.40

Underground............................... 221,808 81.83 3,145 90.53 267,437 79.04 492,389 80.37

Surface ........................................ 135,189 77.01 100,521 86.23 570,955 77.92 806,664 78.80

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 35 
Recoverable Coal

Reserves at Producing

Mines

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 37 
Figure 2. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1986 -

1995

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Surface

Total

Underground

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

Figure 3. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region,

1986 - 1995

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

// 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Surface

Total

Underground

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

// 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

38 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 510 457 427 468 470 562 11.6 2.0 −1.1

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 92 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 285 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 1 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 692 676 609 608 618 611 2.3 2.9 1.4

Illinois .................................................. 882 963 1,064 1,199 1,257 1,547 −8.4 −8.4 −6.0

Indiana ................................................. 324 304 379 405 420 507 6.4 −6.3 −4.8

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 9 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 26 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,279 1,365 1,828 1,453 1,632 1,730 −6.3 −5.9 −3.3

Eastern .............................................. 763 809 1,347 955 1,084 1,129 −5.7 −8.4 −4.3

Western ............................................. 516 556 481 498 548 601 −7.2 −1.5 −1.7

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 149 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 58 89 66 59 86 73 −35.0 −9.6 −2.6

Missouri ............................................... 2 12 w w w 161 −80.9 w −37.6

Montana ............................................... 1,251 1,283 1,285 1,352 1,393 1,746 −2.5 −2.6 −3.6

New Mexico ........................................ 1,480 1,458 1,473 1,495 1,608 1,572 1.5 −2.0 −.7

North Dakota ....................................... 1,668 1,695 1,411 1,335 1,386 1,533 −1.6 4.7 .9

Ohio ..................................................... 468 479 520 576 591 792 −2.3 −5.6 −5.7

Oklahoma............................................. 19 43 46 48 40 60 −56.0 −17.1 −12.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 737 913 940 937 986 1,530 −19.3 −7.0 −7.8

Anthracite.......................................... 49 38 65 70 76 80 30.5 −10.2 −5.2

Bituminous........................................ 687 875 874 867 910 1,450 −21.5 −6.8 −8.0

Tennessee............................................. 68 42 29 43 56 84 61.5 5.0 −2.4

Texas.................................................... 940 1,026 1,105 1,188 1,225 1,261 −8.4 −6.4 −3.2

Utah...................................................... 375 423 447 488 509 811 −11.5 −7.4 −8.2

Virginia ................................................ 203 237 336 366 412 499 −14.2 −16.2 −9.5

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 112 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,731 1,830 1,931 2,043 2,122 2,674 −5.4 −4.9 −4.7

Northern ............................................ 782 861 824 960 1,035 1,197 −9.2 −6.8 −4.6

Southern ............................................ 949 969 1,107 1,083 1,087 1,478 −2.0 −3.3 −4.8

Wyoming ............................................. 6,724 6,999 6,831 6,751 6,336 6,622 −3.9 1.5 .2

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,538 4,855 5,596 5,446 5,807 7,343 −6.5 −6.0 −5.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,835 3,069 3,300 3,559 3,715 4,321 −7.6 −6.5 −4.6

Western Total1 .................................. 12,732 13,093 12,639 12,622 12,477 13,384 −2.8 .5 −.5

East of Miss. River............................ 6,260 6,679 7,520 7,549 8,031 9,998 −6.3 −6.0 −5.1

West of Miss. River........................... 13,845 14,337 14,016 14,078 13,968 15,050 −3.4 −.2 −.9

U.S. Total............................................ 20,105 21,017 21,535 21,627 21,999 25,048 −4.3 −2.2 −2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 39 
Table 26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

 Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 58.74 60.20 63.16 61.97 60.51 64.75

Alaska ..................................................... wwwww 90.00

Arizona .................................................... wwwww 91.00

Arkansas .................................................. wwwww 71.49

California ................................................ −−− w w −

Colorado .................................................. 66.06 77.12 71.99 71.56 69.09 64.46

Illinois ..................................................... 52.05 52.92 51.19 51.53 51.57 48.17

Indiana .................................................... 76.23 72.75 73.12 74.48 72.48 72.51

Iowa ........................................................ − wwww 64.62

Kansas ..................................................... wwwww 80.15

Kentucky Total ....................................... 57.71 59.45 62.26 63.24 62.87 62.31

Eastern .................................................. 60.87 62.60 64.00 66.84 65.98 66.18

Western ................................................ 53.03 54.86 57.38 56.36 56.71 55.04

Louisiana ................................................. wwwww 92.00

Maryland ................................................. 58.34 55.50 67.82 66.16 72.32 73.79

Missouri .................................................. 61.04 81.48 w w w 89.63

Montana .................................................. 90.38 90.51 90.43 89.70 89.89 90.01

New Mexico ........................................... 92.62 92.42 92.28 91.92 92.21 92.09

North Dakota .......................................... 89.58 89.84 90.96 90.62 90.99 89.70

Ohio ........................................................ 68.73 67.81 68.86 69.15 67.58 65.86

Oklahoma ................................................ 62.39 63.89 66.11 66.73 70.48 79.93

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 65.26 68.23 67.95 66.12 63.77 65.89

Anthracite ............................................. 64.39 65.06 61.04 62.62 62.85 49.36

Bituminous ........................................... 65.32 68.37 68.47 66.41 63.85 66.80

Tennessee ................................................ 64.14 65.18 68.92 69.80 73.50 68.50

Texas ....................................................... 87.09 86.10 84.23 85.39 84.02 81.43

Utah ......................................................... 46.10 46.10 47.51 49.04 52.71 57.90

Virginia ................................................... 58.14 58.37 62.72 64.78 63.61 67.26

Washington ............................................. wwwww 61.00

West Virginia Total................................ 62.44 61.10 61.30 62.05 61.38 61.89

Northern ............................................... 55.10 53.06 52.17 54.04 51.92 53.63

Southern ............................................... 68.49 68.24 68.09 69.15 70.40 68.58

Wyoming ................................................ 92.27 92.98 91.94 91.19 91.67 92.49

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 62.65 63.07 64.11 64.62 63.64 64.59

Interior Total1 ...................................... 68.71 68.29 68.27 68.46 67.57 65.41

Western Total1...................................... 88.81 89.72 88.98 88.31 88.53 88.11

East of Miss. River ............................... 61.06 61.36 62.31 62.52 61.74 61.88

West of Miss. River.............................. 88.66 89.32 88.48 87.96 88.01 87.55

U.S. Total............................................... 80.07 80.43 79.34 79.08 78.42 77.30

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

40 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines

by State and Mine Type, 1995

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama ............................................. 457 55.30 53 88.39 510 58.74

Alaska ................................................. − − w ww w

Arizona ............................................... − − w ww w

Arkansas ............................................. − − w ww w

Colorado ............................................. w w w w 692 66.06

Illinois ................................................ 834 50.45 49 79.44 882 52.05

Indiana ................................................ 60 48.18 263 82.65 324 76.23

Kansas ................................................ − − w ww w

Kentucky Total .................................. 1,039 52.33 240 80.95 1,279 57.71

Eastern ............................................. 598 55.11 165 81.68 763 60.87

Western ............................................ 441 48.56 75 79.35 516 53.03

Louisiana ............................................ − − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ w w w w 58 58.34

Missouri .............................................. − − 2 61.04 2 61.04

Montana .............................................. − − 1,251 90.38 1,251 90.38

New Mexico....................................... − − 1,480 92.62 1,480 92.62

North Dakota...................................... − − 1,668 89.58 1,668 89.58

Ohio .................................................... 270 57.36 198 84.24 468 68.73

Oklahoma ........................................... − − 19 62.39 19 62.39

Pennsylvania Total............................. 594 61.78 143 79.72 737 65.26

Anthracite ........................................ 23 73.35 26 56.58 49 64.39

Bituminous ...................................... 571 61.32 116 84.98 687 65.32

Tennessee ........................................... w w w w 68 64.14

Texas .................................................. − − 940 87.09 940 87.09

Utah .................................................... 375 46.10 − − 375 46.10

Virginia .............................................. 192 57.18 11 74.96 203 58.14

Washington ........................................ − − w ww w

West Virginia Total ........................... 1,246 56.43 486 77.86 1,731 62.44

Northern .......................................... 677 53.16 105 67.65 782 55.10

Southern .......................................... 569 60.33 381 80.68 949 68.49

Wyoming ............................................ w w w w 6,724 92.27

Appalachian Total1.......................... 3,467 57.22 1,071 80.22 4,538 62.65

Interior Total1.................................. 1,335 49.73 1,500 85.61 2,835 68.71

Western Total1................................. 832 50.73 11,900 91.47 12,732 88.81

East of Miss. River .......................... 4,802 55.13 1,458 80.59 6,260 61.06

West of Miss. River ......................... 832 50.73 13,014 91.09 13,845 88.66

U.S. Total .......................................... 5,633 54.48 14,472 90.03 20,105 80.07

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 41 
Table 28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1995

(Million Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 12 − 445 − 457

Colorado .............................................. w w 383 − w

Illinois .................................................. 434 − 400 − 834

Indiana ................................................. 60 − − − 60

Kentucky Total .................................... 755 w 240 w 1,039

Eastern .............................................. 527 w 27 w 598

Western ............................................. 228 − 213 − 441

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Ohio ..................................................... 27 − 243 − 270

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 161 w 396 w 594

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 23

Bituminous ........................................ w w 396 − 571

Tennessee ............................................. w −−− w

Utah ...................................................... w w 313 − 375

Virginia ................................................ 92 21 79 * 192

West Virginia Total............................. 452 61 733 − 1,246

Northern ............................................ 49 46 582 − 677

Southern ............................................ 403 15 151 − 569

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... w w w 24 3,467

Interior Total5 ................................... w − w − 1,335

Western Total5 .................................. w w w − 832

East of Miss. River............................ 2,063 w w 24 4,802

West of Miss. River........................... 102 w w − 832

U.S. Total............................................ 2,165 164 3,280 24 5,633

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

42 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1995

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 58.94 − 55.20 − 55.30

Colorado .............................................. w w 56.25 − w

Illinois .................................................. 44.48 − 56.93 − 50.45

Indiana ................................................. 48.18 − − − 48.18

Kentucky Total .................................... 52.83 w 49.01 w 52.33

Eastern .............................................. 54.56 w 54.57 w 55.11

Western ............................................. 48.81 − 48.30 − 48.56

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Ohio ..................................................... 50.90 − 58.08 − 57.36

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 67.56 w 58.49 w 61.78

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 73.35

Bituminous ........................................ w w 58.49 − 61.32

Tennessee ............................................. w −−− w

Utah ...................................................... w w 45.97 − 46.10

Virginia ................................................ 59.58 58.30 54.07 65.00 57.18

West Virginia Total............................. 56.80 60.59 55.86 − 56.43

Northern ............................................ 56.79 63.26 52.05 − 53.16

Southern ............................................ 56.81 52.51 70.52 − 60.33

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... w w w 73.65 57.22

Interior Total5 ................................... w − w − 49.73

Western Total5 .................................. w w w − 50.73

East of Miss. River............................ 53.58 w w 73.65 55.13

West of Miss. River........................... 42.38 w w − 50.73

U.S. Total............................................ 53.05 60.80 54.97 73.65 54.48

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 43 
Table 30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1995

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

Mine Production Range Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (thousand short tons) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Over 1,000..................................... 4,041 53.58 13,123 90.59 17,164 81.88

500 to 1,000 .................................. 655 54.28 486 84.99 1,142 67.36

200 to 500 ..................................... 511 56.24 657 86.16 1,168 73.07

100 to 200 ..................................... 181 60.10 74 81.52 255 66.30

50 to 100 ....................................... 152 59.76 44 74.33 196 63.05

10 to 50 ......................................... 93 66.07 87 78.15 180 71.94

U.S. Total...................................... 5,633 54.48 14,472 90.03 20,105 80.07

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1995

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coalbed Thickness Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (inches) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

 < 7...................................... − − * 57.37 * 57.37

7-12 ...................................... − − 12 84.54 12 84.54

13-18 .................................... − − 41 84.30 41 84.30

19-24 .................................... 3 59.00 146 82.73 149 82.27

25-30 .................................... 61 57.01 224 82.01 285 76.64

31-36 .................................... 197 63.94 348 82.18 545 75.58

37-42 .................................... 223 58.11 196 81.15 418 68.89

43-48 .................................... 499 61.45 384 84.66 883 71.54

49-54 .................................... 504 54.34 382 91.09 886 70.18

55-60 .................................... 530 57.25 136 79.04 666 61.69

61-66 .................................... 707 49.13 281 87.06 988 59.92

67-72 .................................... 588 51.27 256 86.49 844 61.97

73-78 .................................... 139 62.44 165 87.59 304 76.08

79-84 .................................... 913 55.69 301 82.38 1,214 62.30

85-90 .................................... 153 45.87 513 92.89 665 82.11

91-96 .................................... 366 52.56 114 87.13 480 60.79

97-102 .................................. 46 49.12 68 89.17 114 72.98

103-108 ................................ 71 57.98 39 89.54 110 69.19

109-114 ................................ 104 58.74 41 78.95 144 64.43

115-120 ................................ 62 50.50 14 81.26 76 56.07

> 120................................ 468 49.32 10,812 91.39 11,280 89.65

U.S. Total............................ 5,633 54.48 14,472 90.03 20,105 80.07

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents thet percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

44 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama .............................................. 448 57.58 − − 63 67.00 510 58.74

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 457 55.30

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 53 88.39

Alaska .................................................. − − w w − − w w

Surface ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ................................................ w w − −− − w w

Surface ........................................... w w − −− − w w

Arkansas ............................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Colorado ............................................. w w w w 494 65.58 692 66.06

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 442 54.25

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 250 87.01

Illinois .................................................. 512 48.24 w w w w 882 52.05

Underground .................................. 475 45.86 w w w w 834 50.45

Surface ........................................... 36 79.57 w w w w 49 79.44

Indiana ................................................ 207 78.78 − − 117 71.72 324 76.23

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 60 48.18

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 263 82.65

Kansas ................................................. w w − −− − w w

Surface ........................................... w w − −− − w w

Kentucky Total .................................. w w w w 1,108 58.84 1,279 57.71

Underground .................................. w w w w 881 53.23 1,039 52.33

Surface ........................................... w w w w 227 80.58 240 80.95

Eastern ............................................. w w w w 720 60.44 763 60.87

Underground .................................. w w w w 565 54.74 598 55.11

Surface ........................................... w w w w 154 81.31 165 81.68

Western ............................................ w w − − 388 55.87 516 53.03

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 441 48.56

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 75 79.35

Louisiana ............................................ − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ − −− − 58 58.34 58 58.34

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Missouri .............................................. − −− − 2 61.04 2 61.04

Surface ........................................... − −− − 2 61.04 2 61.04

Montana .............................................. 211 90.39 w w w w 1,251 90.38

Surface ........................................... 211 90.39 w w w w 1,251 90.38

New Mexico ........................................ w w w w w w 1,480 92.62

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w

North Dakota ..................................... w w w w w w 1,668 89.58

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,668 89.58

Ohio ..................................................... w w − − 144 77.77 468 68.73

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 270 57.36

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 198 84.24

Oklahoma ........................................... − −− − 19 62.39 19 62.39

Surface ........................................... − −− − 19 62.39 19 62.39

Pennsylvania Total ............................ w w w w 394 67.02 737 65.26

Underground .................................. w w − − 270 60.81 594 61.78

Surface ........................................... w w w w 125 80.45 143 79.72

Anthracite ........................................ w w w w 40 63.81 49 64.39

Underground .................................. − −− − 23 73.35 23 73.35

Surface ........................................... w w w w 17 50.73 26 56.58

Bituminous ....................................... 333 63.12 − − 355 67.38 687 65.32

Underground .................................. 324 62.59 − − 247 59.64 571 61.32

Surface ........................................... 8 83.73 − − 108 85.08 116 84.98

Tennessee ............................................ − −− − 68 64.14 68 64.14

Underground .................................. − −− − 61 63.99 61 63.99

Surface ........................................... − −− − 7 65.35 7 65.35

Texas ................................................... − − 507 90.15 433 83.51 940 87.09

Surface ........................................... − − 507 90.15 433 83.51 940 87.09

Utah ..................................................... 139 41.27 − − 236 48.93 375 46.10

Underground .................................. 139 41.27 − − 236 48.93 375 46.10

Virginia ............................................... w w w w 130 59.34 203 58.14

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 192 57.18

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 11 74.96

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 45 
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 (Continued)

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Washington ......................................... − − w ww ww w

Surface ........................................... − − w ww ww w

West Virginia Total........................... 1,224 61.45 − − 507 64.83 1,731 62.44

Underground .................................. 939 55.84 − − 306 58.24 1,246 56.43

Surface ........................................... 285 79.94 − − 200 74.91 486 77.86

Northern .......................................... 582 52.05 − − 200 63.99 782 55.10

Underground .................................. 582 52.05 − − 95 59.93 677 53.16

Surface ........................................... − −− − 105 67.65 105 67.65

Southern ........................................... 642 69.97 − − 307 65.38 949 68.49

Underground .................................. 357 62.02 − − 212 57.48 569 60.33

Surface ........................................... 285 79.94 − − 95 82.89 381 80.68

Wyoming ............................................. w w w w 6,323 92.33 6,724 92.27

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 2,448 61.38 7 61.15 2,083 64.15 4,538 62.65

Underground .................................. w w w w 1,453 57.56 3,467 57.22

Surface ........................................... w w w w 630 79.33 1,071 80.22

Interior Total1 ................................... 849 55.17 536 88.97 1,450 69.15 2,835 68.71

Underground .................................. w w w w 691 53.22 1,335 49.73

Surface ........................................... w w w w 759 83.65 1,500 85.61

Western Total1 .................................. 1,626 82.80 2,598 91.47 8,507 89.15 12,732 88.81

Underground .................................. 273 48.69 − − 559 51.73 832 50.73

Surface ........................................... 1,354 89.66 2,598 91.47 7,948 91.78 11,900 91.47

East of Miss. River............................ 3,294 59.77 36 67.09 2,930 62.44 6,260 61.06

Underground .................................. 2,637 54.26 20 60.10 2,144 56.16 4,802 55.13

Surface ........................................... 657 81.90 15 76.37 786 79.58 1,458 80.59

West of Miss. River........................... 1,629 82.77 3,106 91.25 9,111 88.84 13,845 88.66

Underground .................................. 273 48.69 − − 559 51.73 832 50.73

Surface ........................................... 1,356 89.62 3,106 91.25 8,552 91.26 13,014 91.09

U.S. Total............................................ 4,923 67.38 3,141 90.98 12,041 82.41 20,105 80.07

Underground .................................. 2,910 53.74 20 60.10 2,703 55.25 5,633 54.48

Surface ........................................... 2,013 87.10 3,121 91.18 9,338 90.28 14,472 90.03

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See

Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

46 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 33. Status of Recoverable Coal Reserves and Coal Production from Producing Federal Coal

Leases by State, Fiscal Year 1995

(Million Short Tons)

Coal-Producing State Number of Leases Recoverable Coal Reserves Production

Alabama .......................................... 3 30 −

Alaska ............................................. − 20 −

Colorado .......................................... 33 1,525 18.9

Kentucky ......................................... 2 10 .2

Montana .......................................... 13 911 28.0

New Mexico ................................... 6 268 6.2

North Dakota .................................. 4 146 2.1

Oklahoma ........................................ 6 49 .5

Utah ................................................. 34 3,014 23.6

Washington ..................................... 1 − .4

Wyoming ......................................... 44 6,397 268.5

U.S. Total....................................... 146 12,370 348.5

Notes: Fiscal year 1995 is the period from July 1, 1994, to June 30, 1995. Output from Federal Lands is reported as sales volume, the basis for

royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of components

because of independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service and Bureau of Land Management, Mineral Revenues 1995

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 47 
Producer/Distributor

Stocks

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 49 
Table 34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995

Alabama ..................................................... 1,358 1,204 1,698 2,185 2,233 12.8 −11.7

Alaska......................................................... 26 58 19 71 75 −56.0 −23.4

Arizona....................................................... 2,760 2,634 1,590 1,555 1,461 4.8 17.2

Arkansas..................................................... 4 2 5 6 − 111.4 −

California ................................................... −−− 36 127 − −

Colorado..................................................... 1,063 1,575 1,155 955 850 −32.5 5.8

Illinois ........................................................ 2,069 1,651 713 1,969 1,418 25.3 9.9

Indiana ........................................................ 611 803 527 1,016 525 −23.9 3.9

Iowa............................................................ − − − − * − −

Kansas ........................................................ 27 31 25 28 20 −14.3 8.1

Kentucky Total .......................................... 4,777 5,025 3,216 3,796 4,646 −4.9 .7

Eastern..................................................... 4,088 4,235 2,558 2,809 3,266 −3.5 5.8

Western ................................................... 689 790 658 987 1,379 −12.8 −15.9

Louisiana.................................................... 309 202 12 2 3 52.8 209.7

Maryland .................................................... 269 179 123 59 169 50.5 12.4

Missouri ..................................................... − − 2 − 5 − −

Montana ..................................................... 718 635 876 694 571 13.2 5.9

New Mexico............................................... 2,015 1,467 2,343 1,648 1,760 37.3 3.4

North Dakota ............................................. 1,797 1,812 1,607 1,614 1,619 −.8 2.6

Ohio ............................................................ 1,374 833 550 1,087 821 64.8 13.7

Oklahoma ................................................... 2 4 5 19 41 −40.0 −51.6

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 2,487 2,787 1,826 2,903 2,844 −10.8 −3.3

Anthracite................................................ 389 249 234 198 196 56.3 18.7

Bituminous .............................................. 2,098 2,538 1,592 2,706 2,647 −17.3 −5.6

Tennessee ................................................... 88 57 35 21 94 55.7 −1.4

Texas .......................................................... 864 1,430 1,237 543 400 −39.6 21.3

Utah............................................................ 1,946 1,301 1,203 1,827 1,676 49.6 3.8

Virginia ...................................................... 1,649 1,180 1,389 1,714 2,154 39.7 −6.5

Washington ................................................ 59 65 72 47 79 −10.1 −7.1

West Virginia Total ................................... 6,176 6,692 4,059 7,405 6,464 −7.7 −1.1

Northern .................................................. 1,959 1,940 685 3,222 3,083 .9 −10.7

Southern .................................................. 4,217 4,752 3,374 4,183 3,382 −11.3 5.7

Wyoming.................................................... 1,997 1,592 998 2,794 2,918 25.5 −9.0

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 17,489 17,166 12,239 18,183 13,891 1.9 −3.1

Interior Total1.......................................... 4,575 4,913 3,182 4,570 3,791 −6.9 4.8

Western Total1......................................... 12,381 11,140 9,863 11,241 11,135 11.1 2.7

East of Miss. River .................................. 20,858 20,410 14,137 22,155 17,680 2.2 −5.4

West of Miss. River ................................. 13,587 12,809 11,147 11,838 11,604 6.1 4.0

U.S. Total .................................................. 34,444 33,219 25,284 33,993 32,971 3.7 1.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

50 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Imports

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 51 
Figure 4. U.S. Coal Imports, 1986-1995

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Thousand Short Tons

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Indonesia

Venezuela

Total

Colombia

Canada

52 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Origin 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... 1,344,614 1,253,417 1,053,576 1,020,852 935,477 433,361 7.3 9.5 13.4

Canada .............................................. 1,319,742 1,253,196 1,051,273 1,020,852 935,477 432,526 5.3 9.0 13.2

Guatemala ......................................... − − 4 − − −− − −

Mexico .............................................. 216 221 2,299 − − 835 −2.3 − −13.9

Netherlands Antilles ......................... 24,656 − − − − −− − −

South America Total......................... 4,583,283 4,920,202 5,415,318 2,301,933 2,416,309 742,462 −6.8 17.3 22.4

Colombia........................................... 2,736,933 3,389,654 4,117,036 1,763,150 1,881,439 742,462 −19.3 9.8 15.6

Venezuela.......................................... 1,846,350 1,530,548 1,298,282 538,783 534,870 − 20.6 36.3 −

Europe Total ...................................... 522 40 62 89 6 301 NM 205.4 6.3

Czechoslovakia ................................. − − − − 6 −− −100.0 −

Denmark............................................ 236 − 60 − − −− − −

Italy ................................................... − − − − − 241 − −−100.0

Netherlands ....................................... − − − − − 59 − −−100.0

Poland ............................................... − 40 2 − − − −100.0 − −

United Kingdom ............................... 286 − − 89 − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 1,018,512 1,153,561 708,080 373,145 6,894 139 −11.7 248.6 168.8

China (Mainland).............................. 53 111 − 284 202 99 −52.3 −28.4 −6.7

India .................................................. − − − 66,154 − −− − −

Indonesia........................................... 1,018,433 1,130,468 708,080 253,287 6,641 40 −9.9 251.9 208.7

Japan ................................................. 26 1 − − 1 − NM 125.8 −

Malaysia............................................ − − − 53,419 − −− − −

Thailand ............................................ − − − − 50 −− −100.0 −

Vietnam............................................. − 22,981 − − − − −100.0 − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 254,141 100,313 105,452 100,986 31,106 5,857 153.3 69.1 52.0

Australia ............................................ 211,702 92,204 100,076 100,986 31,106 5,857 129.6 61.5 49.0

New Zealand..................................... 42,439 8,109 5,376 − − − 423.3 − −

Africa Total........................................ − 156,452 26,419 5,762 − 1,029,585 −100.0 − −100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − 149,748 20,319 5,762 − 1,029,585 −100.0 − −100.0

Swaziland.......................................... − 6,704 6,100 − − − −100.0 − −

Total .................................................... 7,201,072 7,583,985 7,308,907 3,802,767 3,389,792 2,211,705 −5.0 20.7 14.0

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 53 
Table 36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Eastern Total...................................... 1,935,401 1,554,466 1,275,919 340,317 361,097 656 24.5 52.1 143.0

Boston, MA ...................................... 1,484,886 977,473 674,086 128,667 84,310 99 51.9 104.8 191.1

Baltimore, MD.................................. 28,328 88,668 224,579 − − 1 −68.0 − 212.4

Portland, ME..................................... 364,232 385,097 236,473 108,863 207,152 150 −5.4 15.1 137.8

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 2,034 −−− 134 41 − 97.4 54.3

New York City, NY ......................... 522 − 2 − − 241 − − 9.0

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 55,399 78,387 140,779 102,787 69,501 124 −29.3 −5.5 97.0

Norfolk, VA...................................... − 24,841 − − − − −100.0 − −

Southern Total ................................... 3,101,069 4,106,306 4,321,336 2,053,672 2,061,987 1,820,373 −24.5 10.7 6.1

Mobile, AL ....................................... 1,108,555 1,033,368 935,232 − − 1,029,585 7.3 − .8

Savannah, GA................................... − 29,582 − − − − −100.0 − −

Miami, FL......................................... 26,035 7,496 − − − − 247.3 − −

Tampa, FL ........................................ 1,284,109 2,080,757 2,263,893 1,419,581 1,680,398 45,421 −38.3 −6.5 45.0

New Orleans, LA ............................. 387,861 524,256 675,827 154,600 23,731 488,747 −26.0 101.1 −2.5

Wilmington, NC ............................... − 26,648 − − − − −100.0 − −

San Juan, PR..................................... 272,296 80,016 107,506 169,707 211,313 255,726 240.3 6.5 .7

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... − 154,938 121,505 83,466 11,023 59 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Laredo, TX ....................................... 167 221 2,299 − − 835 −24.4 − −16.4

Virgin Islands ................................... 22,046 169,024 215,074 226,318 135,522 − −86.9 −36.5 −

Western Total .................................... 863,707 710,576 730,662 461,675 116,420 261,576 21.5 65.0 14.2

Anchorage, AK................................. − − − − − 38 − −−100.0

Los Angeles, CA .............................. − 12 − − 877 40 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

San Diego, CA ................................. 49 − − − − −− − −

San Francisco, CA............................ −−− 284 − 48,015 − −−100.0

Honolulu, HI..................................... 844,785 670,005 660,379 407,692 31,106 − 26.1 128.3 −

Great Falls, MT ................................ 645 34,426 41,580 36,237 57,916 136,119 −98.1 −67.5 −44.8

Seattle, WA....................................... 18,228 6,133 28,703 17,462 26,521 77,364 197.2 −8.9 −14.8

Northern Total................................... 1,300,895 1,212,637 980,990 947,103 850,288 129,100 7.3 11.2 29.3

Chicago, IL ....................................... 64,394 283,106 134,485 230,677 208,021 69,149 −77.3 −25.4 −.8

Detroit, MI........................................ 421,633 312,214 203,067 58,937 275 − 35.0 NM −

Duluth, MN....................................... 244,278 77,355 12,811 − 211 1,700 215.8 483.3 73.7

Pembina, ND .................................... 570,590 539,962 630,627 657,400 641,781 58,251 5.7 −2.9 28.8

Cleveland, OH .................................. − − − 89 − −− − −

Total .................................................... 7,201,072 7,583,985 7,308,907 3,802,767 3,389,792 2,211,705 −5.0 20.7 14.0

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

54 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Destination State 1994-1995

Australia Total................................... 211,099 109,737 98,947 −−− 92.4

Hawaii ............................................ 211,099 109,737 98,947 −−− 92.4

Canada Total...................................... 1,401,960 1,317,929 664,835 48,090 26,920 37,027 6.4

Florida............................................ − − − − − 37,027 −

Illinois ............................................ 222,876 346,192 50,936 − − −−35.6

Indiana ........................................... 760,508 592,655 582,689 −−− 28.3

Massachusetts ................................ − − − 32,800 − − −

Michigan ........................................ 393,367 371,097 − − − − 6.0

Ohio ............................................... 1,410 1,635 2,000 − − −−13.8

Washington .................................... 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − 274.8

Colombia Total .................................. 2,202,005 3,150,128 3,642,728 1,504,138 1,582,600 418,257 −30.1

Alabama ......................................... 161,950 178,330 57,602 − − −−9.2

Delaware ........................................ 7,143 22,031 − − − − −67.6

Florida............................................ 1,340,640 2,348,550 2,999,303 1,418,580 1,582,600 418,257 −42.9

Georgia .......................................... − 11,902 − − − − −100.0

Maryland ........................................ − 88,000 224,000 − − −−100.0

Massachusetts ................................ 557,900 135,500 187,200 −−− 311.7

New Hampshire............................. 134,372 163,311 52,143 48,400 − −−17.7

New Jersey..................................... − 22,500 − − − − −100.0

North Carolina............................... − 26,600 − − − − −100.0

Texas.............................................. − 153,404 122,480 37,158 − −−100.0

Indonesia Total .................................. 428,554 437,292 118,981 13,100 24,253 − −2.0

Florida............................................ 348,854 147,215 − − 24,253 − 137.0

Indiana ........................................... − − 11,100 − − −−

Louisiana........................................ − 169,181 − − − − −100.0

Maine ............................................. − − 3,135 − − −−

Massachusetts ................................ − 7,938 − − − − −100.0

Mississippi ..................................... − − 67,547 − − −−

New Hampshire............................. 79,700 112,958 37,199 − − −−29.4

Ohio ............................................... − − − 13,100 − − −

Mexico Total ...................................... − − 33,520 − − −−

Texas .............................................. − − 33,520 − − −−

South Africa Total............................. − 127,300 −−− 1,030,500 −100.0

Florida............................................ − 127,300 − − − 1,030,500 −100.0

Venezuela Total ................................. 2,073,645 1,456,645 936,945 240,584 333,027 − 42.3

Alabama ......................................... − − 30,278 − − −−

Florida............................................ 891,400 421,674 312,193 − 42,200 − 111.4

Georgia .......................................... − 26,835 − − − − −100.0

Maine ............................................. 81,392 91,436 9,123 − − −−11.0

Massachusetts ................................ 903,700 916,700 476,100 163,800 83,700 − −1.4

New Hampshire............................. 82,425 − 109,251 34,300 207,127 − −

New York ...................................... 28,189 − − − − − −

Pennsylvania .................................. 86,539 − − − − − −

Texas.............................................. − − − 42,484 − − −

Total .................................................... 6,317,263 6,599,031 5,495,956 1,805,912 1,966,800 1,485,784 −4.3

Alabama ......................................... 161,950 178,330 87,880 − − −−9.2

Delaware ........................................ 7,143 22,031 − − − − −67.6

Florida............................................ 2,580,894 3,044,739 3,311,496 1,418,580 1,649,053 1,485,784 −15.2

Georgia .......................................... − 38,737 − − − − −100.0

Hawaii ............................................ 211,099 109,737 98,947 −−− 92.4

Illinois ............................................ 222,876 346,192 50,936 − − −−35.6

Indiana ........................................... 760,508 592,655 593,789 −−− 28.3

Louisiana........................................ − 169,181 − − − − −100.0

Maine ............................................. 81,392 91,436 12,258 − − −−11.0

Maryland ........................................ − 88,000 224,000 − − −−100.0

Massachusetts ................................ 1,461,600 1,060,138 663,300 196,600 83,700 − 37.9

Michigan ........................................ 393,367 371,097 − − − − 6.0

Mississippi ..................................... − − 67,547 − − −−

New Hampshire............................. 296,497 276,269 198,593 82,700 207,127 − 7.3

New Jersey..................................... − 22,500 − − − − −100.0

New York ...................................... 28,189 − − − − − −

North Carolina............................... − 26,600 − − − − −100.0

Ohio ............................................... 1,410 1,635 2,000 13,100 − −−13.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 55 
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1986, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Destination State 1994-1995

Total (Continued)

Pennsylvania .................................. 86,539 − − − −− −

Texas.............................................. − 153,404 156,000 79,642 −− −100.0

Washington .................................... 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − 274.8

Notes: Data for 1986 through 1991 are only for receipts at electric utilities. Data for 1992 through 1995 are for receipts at electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. See Table 38 and Table 39 for related data. See Technical Note 1 for the difference between receipts of imported coal and

U.S. coal imports.

Sources: • 1986-1991: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric

Plants.’’ • 1992-1995: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal

Quality Report - Coke Plants’’; and FERC, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

56 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and

Destination State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Country of Origin 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Destination State 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Canada Total...................................... 23,799 63,350 29,210 48,090 26,920 37,027 −62.4 −3.0 −4.8

Florida............................................ − − − − − 37,027 − −−100.0

Massachusetts ................................ − − − 32,800 − −− − −

Michigan ........................................ − 57,000 − − − − −100.0 − −

Washington .................................... 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − 274.8 −3.0 −

Colombia Total .................................. 2,040,055 2,971,798 3,585,126 1,504,138 1,582,600 418,257 −31.3 6.5 19.3

Delaware ........................................ 7,143 22,031 − − − − −67.6 − −

Florida............................................ 1,340,640 2,348,550 2,999,303 1,418,580 1,582,600 418,257 −42.9 −4.1 13.8

Georgia .......................................... − 11,902 − − − − −100.0 − −

Maryland........................................ − 88,000 224,000 − − − −100.0 − −

Massachusetts ................................ 557,900 135,500 187,200 −−− 311.7 − −

New Hampshire............................. 134,372 163,311 52,143 48,400 − −−17.7 − −

New Jersey..................................... − 22,500 − − − − −100.0 − −

North Carolina............................... − 26,600 − − − − −100.0 − −

Texas .............................................. − 153,404 122,480 37,158 − −−100.0 − −

Indonesia Total .................................. 428,554 437,292 115,846 13,100 24,253 − −2.0 105.0 −

Florida............................................ 348,854 147,215 − − 24,253 − 137.0 94.7 −

Indiana ........................................... − − 11,100 − − −− − −

Louisiana........................................ − 169,181 − − − − −100.0 − −

Massachusetts ................................ − 7,938 − − − − −100.0 − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − 67,547 − − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. 79,700 112,958 37,199 − − − −29.4 − −

Ohio ............................................... − − − 13,100 − −− − −

South Africa Total............................. − 127,300 −−− 1,030,500 −100.0 − −100.0

Florida............................................ − 127,300 − − − 1,030,500 −100.0 − −100.0

Venezuela Total ................................. 1,905,714 1,365,209 897,544 240,584 333,027 − 39.6 54.7 −

Florida............................................ 891,400 421,674 312,193 − 42,200 − 111.4 114.4 −

Georgia .......................................... − 26,835 − − − − −100.0 − −

Massachusetts ................................ 903,700 916,700 476,100 163,800 83,700 − −1.4 81.3 −

New Hampshire............................. 82,425 − 109,251 34,300 207,127 −− −20.6 −

New York ...................................... 28,189 − − − − −− − −

Texas.............................................. − − − 42,484 − −− − −

Total .................................................... 4,398,122 4,964,949 4,627,726 1,805,912 1,966,800 1,485,784 −11.4 22.3 12.8

Delaware ........................................ 7,143 22,031 − − − − −67.6 − −

Florida............................................ 2,580,894 3,044,739 3,311,496 1,418,580 1,649,053 1,485,784 −15.2 11.8 6.3

Georgia .......................................... − 38,737 − − − − −100.0 − −

Indiana ........................................... − − 11,100 − − −− − −

Louisiana........................................ − 169,181 − − − − −100.0 − −

Maryland........................................ − 88,000 224,000 − − − −100.0 − −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,461,600 1,060,138 663,300 196,600 83,700 − 37.9 104.4 −

Michigan ........................................ − 57,000 − − − − −100.0 − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − 67,547 − − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. 296,497 276,269 198,593 82,700 207,127 − 7.3 9.4 −

New Jersey..................................... − 22,500 − − − − −100.0 − −

New York ...................................... 28,189 − − − − −− − −

North Carolina............................... − 26,600 − − − − −100.0 − −

Ohio ............................................... − − − 13,100 − −− − −

Texas .............................................. − 153,404 122,480 79,642 − −−100.0 − −

Washington .................................... 23,799 6,350 29,210 15,290 26,920 − 274.8 −3.0 −

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 57 
Table 39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of

Origin and Destination State, 1993-1995

(Short Tons)

 Country Manufacturing Coke Plants Total

 of Origin

 and Percent

Destination 1995 1994 1993 1995 1994 1993 1995 1994 1993 Change

 State 1994-1995

Australia Total................................... 211,099 109,737 98,947 −−− 211,099 109,737 98,947 92.4

Hawaii............................................ 211,099 109,737 98,947 −−− 211,099 109,737 98,947 92.4

Canada Total...................................... 1,410 1,635 2,000 1,376,751 1,252,944 633,625 1,378,161 1,254,579 635,625 9.9

Illinois ............................................ − − − 222,876 346,192 50,936 222,876 346,192 50,936 −35.6

Indiana ........................................... − − − 760,508 592,655 582,689 760,508 592,655 582,689 28.3

Michigan ........................................ − − − 393,367 314,097 − 393,367 314,097 − 25.2

Ohio ............................................... 1,410 1,635 2,000 −−− 1,410 1,635 2,000 −13.8

Colombia Total .................................. 161,950 178,330 57,602 −−− 161,950 178,330 57,602 −9.2

Alabama......................................... 161,950 178,330 57,602 −−− 161,950 178,330 57,602 −9.2

Indonesia Total .................................. − − 3,135 − − − − − 3,135 −

Maine ............................................. − − 3,135 − − − − − 3,135 −

Mexico Total ...................................... − − 33,520 − − − − − 33,520 −

Texas.............................................. − − 33,520 − − − − − 33,520 −

Venezuela Total ................................. 167,931 91,436 39,401 − − − 167,931 91,436 39,401 83.7

Alabama......................................... − − 30,278 − − − − − 30,278 −

Maine ............................................. 81,392 91,436 9,123 −−− 81,392 91,436 9,123 −11.0

Pennsylvania .................................. 86,539 − − − − − 86,539 − − −

Total .................................................... 542,390 381,138 234,605 1,376,751 1,252,944 633,625 1,919,141 1,634,082 868,230 17.4

Alabama......................................... 161,950 178,330 87,880 −−− 161,950 178,330 87,880 −9.2

Hawaii............................................ 211,099 109,737 98,947 −−− 211,099 109,737 98,947 92.4

Illinois ............................................ − − − 222,876 346,192 50,936 222,876 346,192 50,936 −35.6

Indiana ........................................... − − − 760,508 592,655 582,689 760,508 592,655 582,689 28.3

Maine ............................................. 81,392 91,436 12,258 −−− 81,392 91,436 12,258 −11.0

Michigan ........................................ − − − 393,367 314,097 − 393,367 314,097 − 25.2

Ohio ............................................... 1,410 1,635 2,000 −−− 1,410 1,635 2,000 −13.8

Pennsylvania .................................. 86,539 − − − − − 86,539 − − −

Texas.............................................. − − 33,520 − − − − − 33,520 −

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

58 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Employment and Productivity

Employment

In 1995, the average number of miners working daily

at mines and/or preparation plants producing or processing 10,000 or more short tons of coal dropped 7.4

percent from the 1994 level, to 90,252 miners (Table

40). Of the 25 coal-producing States, 18 had a

decrease in employment. Although all three regions

experienced a decline in employment, the Interior

Region accounted for the largest share of the decrease

(13.6 percent) in employment. The Appalachian

Region had an 7.1 percent decline, while the Western

Region showed a slight decline of 0.4 percent.

The average number of miners at underground mines

in 1995 totaled 57,879 miners, accounting for 64

percent of all U.S. miners (Table 41). Employment at

underground mines decreased 6 percent since 1994,

with both Appalachia and Interior Regions showing a

decline, while the Western Region showed an

increase.

In 1995, the average number of miners at surface

mines dropped 9.9 percent from the 1994 level to

32,373 miners (Table 42). All three regions had

decreases in surface employment in 1995, with the

Interior Region accounting for the largest share (21

percent) of the decline.

Mines that produced 1 million short tons or more of

coal in 1995, accounted for 72.8 percent of total production and employed 47 percent of the miners. Of

this total, 31 percent worked in underground mines

and 16 percent at surface mines. Over 41 thousand

miners (45.7 percent) belong to a union.

The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)

represented 41.2 percent of the total coal mining

workforce, while 4.4 percent belonged to "other

unions" (Table 46).

Productivity

In 1995, coal miners working daily averaged 5.38

short tons per miner per hour, an increase of 8 percent

from the 1994 level (Table 48). Increases occurred in

all regions, with the Interior Region showing the

largest increase, 12.1 percent. Over the last decade,

productivity has risen at an annual average rate of 6.6

percent, increasing both at underground and surface

mines. Underground mines increased 6 percent over

the last decade, while surface mines rose 7 percent

during the same period.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 59 
Employment

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 61 
Figure 5. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1986-1995

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Appalachian

Total

Interior Western

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Surface

Total

Underground

Figure 6. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1986-1995

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Appalachian

Total

Interior

Western

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Surface

Total

Underground

62 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 5,567 5,418 5,399 5,386 6,314 7,024 2.8 −3.1 −2.5

Alaska .................................................. 102 105 96 111 99 96 −2.8 .7 .7

Arizona ................................................ 831 864 876 888 900 915 −3.8 −2.0 −1.1

Arkansas .............................................. 4 15 5 14 14 44 −73.3 −26.9 −23.4

California ............................................. − − − 8 8 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 1,777 1,905 1,775 1,610 2,037 2,151 −6.7 −3.3 −2.1

Illinois .................................................. 5,652 6,591 7,303 8,323 9,102 13,003 −14.2 −11.2 −8.8

Indiana ................................................. 2,571 3,206 3,331 3,652 3,919 4,389 −19.8 −10.0 −5.8

Iowa ..................................................... − 20 90 101 97 145 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 54 63 81 96 92 294 −14.3 −12.5 −17.2

Kentucky Total .................................... 21,125 23,368 24,063 24,624 26,642 32,654 −9.6 −5.6 −4.7

Eastern .............................................. 16,840 18,577 18,711 19,419 21,129 26,030 −9.3 −5.5 −4.7

Western ............................................. 4,285 4,791 5,352 5,205 5,513 6,624 −10.6 −6.1 −4.7

Louisiana.............................................. 114 111 99 77 103 78 2.7 2.6 4.3

Maryland.............................................. 458 451 441 438 524 604 1.5 −3.3 −3.0

Missouri ............................................... 92 116 180 323 312 1,004 −20.7 −26.3 −23.3

Montana ............................................... 722 705 660 715 794 932 2.4 −2.3 −2.8

New Mexico ........................................ 1,747 1,786 1,762 1,683 1,650 1,883 −2.2 1.4 −.8

North Dakota ....................................... 716 645 782 744 814 1,052 11.0 −3.1 −4.2

Ohio ..................................................... 3,386 3,983 3,866 4,515 5,293 8,610 −15.0 −10.6 −9.8

Oklahoma............................................. 241 253 273 334 410 732 −4.7 −12.4 −11.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 8,968 9,975 10,940 12,659 13,506 19,791 −10.1 −9.7 −8.4

Anthracite.......................................... 1,069 1,183 1,124 1,217 1,161 1,977 −9.6 −2.0 −6.6

Bituminous........................................ 7,899 8,792 9,816 11,442 12,345 17,814 −10.1 −10.6 −8.6

Tennessee............................................. 681 669 646 804 1,242 2,240 1.8 −13.9 −12.4

Texas.................................................... 1,590 1,733 1,841 2,001 2,149 3,074 −8.3 −7.3 −7.1

Utah...................................................... 1,893 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,277 2,881 13.0 −4.5 −4.5

Virginia ................................................ 6,919 8,121 8,339 9,138 10,055 13,141 −14.8 −8.9 −6.9

Washington .......................................... 566 570 567 612 638 689 −.7 −2.9 −2.2

West Virginia Total............................. 21,334 21,861 22,979 26,017 28,310 33,540 −2.4 −6.8 −4.9

Northern ............................................ 6,114 6,659 7,274 8,481 9,468 11,030 −8.2 −10.3 −6.3

Southern ............................................ 15,220 15,202 15,705 17,536 18,842 22,510 .1 −5.2 −4.3

Wyoming ............................................. 3,142 3,291 3,159 3,326 3,301 3,679 −4.5 −1.2 −1.7

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 64,153 69,055 71,321 78,376 86,373 110,980 −7.1 −7.2 −5.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 14,603 16,899 18,555 20,126 21,711 29,387 −13.6 −9.4 −7.5

Western Total1 .................................. 11,496 11,546 11,446 11,694 12,518 14,278 −.4 −2.1 −2.4

East of Miss. River............................ 76,661 83,643 87,307 95,556 104,907 134,996 −8.3 −7.5 −6.1

West of Miss. River........................... 13,591 13,857 14,015 14,640 15,695 19,649 −1.9 −3.5 −4.0

U.S. Total............................................ 90,252 97,500 101,322 110,196 120,602 154,645 −7.4 −7.0 −5.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 63 
Table 41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 4,314 3,775 3,707 3,810 4,473 4,625 14.3 −0.9 −0.8

Arkansas .............................................. − 10 − − − − −100.0 − −

Colorado .............................................. 1,301 1,248 1,119 1,085 1,530 1,218 4.2 −4.0 .7

Illinois .................................................. 4,780 5,595 6,196 6,780 7,056 9,553 −14.6 −9.3 −7.4

Indiana ................................................. 485 485 545 422 447 460 − 2.1 .6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 93 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 14,542 15,837 16,493 16,888 18,481 21,609 −8.2 −5.8 −4.3

Eastern .............................................. 11,366 12,849 13,028 13,405 14,878 17,312 −11.5 −6.5 −4.6

Western ............................................. 3,176 2,988 3,465 3,483 3,603 4,297 6.3 −3.1 −3.3

Maryland.............................................. 293 284 260 228 309 324 3.2 −1.3 −1.1

Montana ............................................... − − 7 − − −− − −

New Mexico ........................................ 132 168 246 141 63 189 −21.4 20.3 −3.9

Ohio ..................................................... 1,670 1,694 1,601 1,926 2,359 4,110 −1.4 −8.3 −9.5

Oklahoma............................................. 12 32 40 24 31 − −62.5 −21.1 −

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 5,659 6,192 6,853 8,113 8,751 12,415 −8.6 −10.3 −8.3

Anthracite.......................................... 152 149 194 147 123 353 2.0 5.4 −8.9

Bituminous........................................ 5,507 6,043 6,659 7,966 8,628 12,062 −8.9 −10.6 −8.3

Tennessee............................................. 473 511 375 599 988 1,755 −7.4 −16.8 −13.5

Utah...................................................... 1,893 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,277 2,881 13.0 −4.5 −4.5

Virginia ................................................ 5,776 6,844 7,092 7,888 8,515 11,367 −15.6 −9.2 −7.2

West Virginia Total............................. 16,347 16,956 18,040 20,738 22,512 27,839 −3.6 −7.7 −5.7

Northern ............................................ 5,561 5,997 6,414 7,513 8,509 9,224 −7.3 −10.1 −5.5

Southern ............................................ 10,786 10,959 11,626 13,225 14,003 18,615 −1.6 −6.3 −5.9

Wyoming ............................................. 202 256 261 268 258 32 −21.1 −5.9 22.7

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 45,898 49,105 50,956 56,707 62,785 79,747 −6.5 −7.5 −5.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 8,453 9,110 10,246 10,709 11,137 14,403 −7.2 −6.7 −5.7

Western Total1 .................................. 3,528 3,347 3,402 3,491 4,128 4,320 5.4 −3.8 −2.2

East of Miss. River............................ 54,339 58,173 61,162 67,392 73,891 94,057 −6.6 −7.4 −5.9

West of Miss. River........................... 3,540 3,389 3,442 3,515 4,159 4,413 4.4 −3.9 −2.4

U.S. Total............................................ 57,879 61,562 64,604 70,907 78,050 98,470 −6.0 −7.2 −5.7

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

64 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 1,253 1,643 1,692 1,576 1,841 2,399 −23.7 −9.2 −7.0

Alaska .................................................. 102 105 96 111 99 96 −2.8 .7 .7

Arizona ................................................ 831 864 876 888 900 915 −3.8 −2.0 −1.1

Arkansas .............................................. 4 5 5 14 14 44 −20.0 −26.9 −23.4

California ............................................. − − − 8 8 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 476 657 656 525 507 933 −27.5 −1.6 −7.2

Illinois .................................................. 872 996 1,107 1,543 2,046 3,450 −12.4 −19.2 −14.2

Indiana ................................................. 2,086 2,721 2,786 3,230 3,472 3,929 −23.3 −11.9 −6.8

Iowa ..................................................... − 20 90 101 97 52 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 54 63 81 96 92 294 −14.3 −12.5 −17.2

Kentucky Total .................................... 6,583 7,531 7,570 7,736 8,161 11,045 −12.6 −5.2 −5.6

Eastern .............................................. 5,474 5,728 5,683 6,014 6,251 8,718 −4.4 −3.3 −5.0

Western ............................................. 1,109 1,803 1,887 1,722 1,910 2,327 −38.5 −12.7 −7.9

Louisiana.............................................. 114 111 99 77 103 78 2.7 2.6 4.3

Maryland.............................................. 165 167 181 210 215 280 −1.2 −6.4 −5.7

Missouri ............................................... 92 116 180 323 312 1,004 −20.7 −26.3 −23.3

Montana ............................................... 722 705 653 715 794 932 2.4 −2.3 −2.8

New Mexico ........................................ 1,615 1,618 1,516 1,542 1,587 1,694 −.2 .4 −.5

North Dakota ....................................... 716 645 782 744 814 1,052 11.0 −3.1 −4.2

Ohio ..................................................... 1,716 2,289 2,265 2,589 2,934 4,500 −25.0 −12.5 −10.1

Oklahoma............................................. 229 221 233 310 379 732 3.6 −11.8 −12.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3,309 3,783 4,087 4,546 4,755 7,376 −12.5 −8.7 −8.5

Anthracite.......................................... 917 1,034 930 1,070 1,038 1,624 −11.3 −3.0 −6.1

Bituminous........................................ 2,392 2,749 3,157 3,476 3,717 5,752 −13.0 −10.4 −9.3

Tennessee............................................. 208 158 271 205 254 485 31.6 −4.9 −9.0

Texas.................................................... 1,590 1,733 1,841 2,001 2,149 3,074 −8.3 −7.3 −7.1

Virginia ................................................ 1,143 1,277 1,247 1,250 1,540 1,774 −10.5 −7.2 −4.8

Washington .......................................... 566 570 567 612 638 689 −.7 −2.9 −2.2

West Virginia Total............................. 4,987 4,905 4,939 5,279 5,798 5,701 1.7 −3.7 −1.5

Northern ............................................ 553 662 860 968 959 1,806 −16.5 −12.8 −12.3

Southern ............................................ 4,434 4,243 4,079 4,311 4,839 3,895 4.5 −2.2 1.4

Wyoming ............................................. 2,940 3,035 2,898 3,058 3,043 3,647 −3.1 −.8 −2.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 18,255 19,950 20,365 21,669 23,588 31,233 −8.5 −6.2 −5.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 6,150 7,789 8,309 9,417 10,574 14,984 −21.0 −12.7 −9.4

Western Total1 .................................. 7,968 8,199 8,044 8,203 8,390 9,958 −2.8 −1.3 −2.4

East of Miss. River............................ 22,322 25,470 26,145 28,164 31,016 40,939 −12.3 −7.9 −6.5

West of Miss. River........................... 10,051 10,468 10,573 11,125 11,536 15,236 −4.0 −3.4 −4.5

U.S. Total............................................ 32,373 35,938 36,718 39,289 42,552 56,175 −9.9 −6.6 −5.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 65 
Table 43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1995

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 4,014 582 241 90 167 294 179 5,567

Alaska ............................................... 102 −−−−−− 102

Arizona ............................................. 810 −−−−− 21 831

Arkansas ........................................... −−−−− 4 − 4

Colorado ........................................... 1,375 126 216 − − 9 51 1,777

Illinois ............................................... 4,917 256 144 8 93 12 222 5,652

Indiana .............................................. 1,450 386 469 171 13 34 48 2,571

Kansas ............................................... − − 54 −−−− 54

Kentucky Total................................. 4,364 4,696 3,802 2,471 2,195 1,400 2,197 21,125

Eastern ........................................... 2,483 3,530 3,382 2,382 1,828 1,351 1,884 16,840

Western .......................................... 1,881 1,166 420 89 367 49 313 4,285

Louisiana .......................................... 87 27 −−−−− 114

Maryland ........................................... 234 − 83 20 46 42 33 458

Missouri ............................................ −−− 69 20 3 − 92

Montana ............................................ 709 − 13 −−−− 722

New Mexico ..................................... 1,603 123 −−−− 21 1,747

North Dakota.................................... 711 −−−−− 5 716

Ohio .................................................. 1,710 477 451 185 200 204 159 3,386

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 158 36 − 47 − 241

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,026 1,453 1,607 696 519 786 881 8,968

Anthracite ...................................... − − 219 109 84 206 451 1,069

Bituminous ..................................... 3,026 1,453 1,388 587 435 580 430 7,899

Tennessee ......................................... − 57 216 187 74 38 109 681

Texas ................................................. 1,527 − 58 − 5 − − 1,590

Utah .................................................. 1,605 36 136 86 − − 30 1,893

Virginia ............................................. 1,227 389 1,640 1,060 1,157 520 926 6,919

Washington ....................................... 522 − 44 −−−− 566

West Virginia Total ......................... 9,284 2,407 3,484 1,462 1,233 1,254 2,210 21,334

Northern ......................................... 3,996 669 456 189 185 201 418 6,114

Southern ......................................... 5,288 1,738 3,028 1,273 1,048 1,053 1,792 15,220

Wyoming .......................................... 2,911 102 40 − − 89 − 3,142

Appalachian Total2........................ 21,978 8,895 11,104 6,082 5,224 4,489 6,381 64,153

Interior Total2 ................................ 9,862 1,835 1,303 373 498 149 583 14,603

Western Total2 ............................... 10,348 387 449 86 − 98 128 11,496

East of Miss. River......................... 30,226 10,703 12,137 6,350 5,697 4,584 6,964 76,661

West of Miss. River........................ 11,962 414 719 191 25 152 128 13,591

U.S. Total......................................... 42,188 11,117 12,856 6,541 5,722 4,736 7,092 90,252

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

66 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1995

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,891 321 −−−− 102 4,314

Colorado ........................................... 930 126 194 −−− 51 1,301

Illinois ............................................... 4,389 216 −−−− 175 4,780

Indiana .............................................. 369 − 108 −−− 8 485

Kentucky Total................................. 3,432 2,860 2,274 1,681 1,747 925 1,623 14,542

Eastern ........................................... 1,665 2,163 2,187 1,681 1,390 925 1,355 11,366

Western .......................................... 1,767 697 87 − 357 − 268 3,176

Maryland ........................................... 234 − 26 −−− 33 293

New Mexico ..................................... − 123 −−−− 9 132

Ohio .................................................. 1,473 57 76 − 40 − 24 1,670

Oklahoma ......................................... −−−−− 12 − 12

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 2,879 1,156 862 179 98 177 308 5,659

Anthracite ...................................... −−− 36 − 44 72 152

Bituminous ..................................... 2,879 1,156 862 143 98 133 236 5,507

Tennessee ......................................... − − 188 160 13 23 89 473

Utah .................................................. 1,605 36 136 86 − − 30 1,893

Virginia ............................................. 1,227 198 1,195 876 1,074 399 807 5,776

West Virginia Total ......................... 7,168 1,747 2,891 1,135 922 871 1,613 16,347

Northern ......................................... 3,888 639 371 105 168 96 294 5,561

Southern ......................................... 3,280 1,108 2,520 1,030 754 775 1,319 10,786

Wyoming .......................................... 126 −−−− 76 − 202

Appalachian Total2........................ 18,537 5,642 7,425 4,031 3,537 2,395 4,331 45,898

Interior Total2 ................................ 6,525 913 195 − 357 12 451 8,453

Western Total2 ............................... 2,661 285 330 86 − 76 90 3,528

East of Miss. River......................... 25,062 6,555 7,620 4,031 3,894 2,395 4,782 54,339

West of Miss. River........................ 2,661 285 330 86 − 88 90 3,540

U.S. Total......................................... 27,723 6,840 7,950 4,117 3,894 2,483 4,872 57,879

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 67 
Table 45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1995

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 123 261 241 90 167 294 77 1,253

Alaska ............................................... 102 −−−−−− 102

Arizona ............................................. 810 −−−−− 21 831

Arkansas ........................................... −−−−− 4 − 4

Colorado ........................................... 445 − 22 − − 9 − 476

Illinois ............................................... 528 40 144 8 93 12 47 872

Indiana .............................................. 1,081 386 361 171 13 34 40 2,086

Kansas ............................................... − − 54 −−−− 54

Kentucky Total................................. 932 1,836 1,528 790 448 475 574 6,583

Eastern ........................................... 818 1,367 1,195 701 438 426 529 5,474

Western .......................................... 114 469 333 89 10 49 45 1,109

Louisiana .......................................... 87 27 −−−−− 114

Maryland ........................................... − − 57 20 46 42 − 165

Missouri ............................................ −−− 69 20 3 − 92

Montana ............................................ 709 − 13 −−−− 722

New Mexico ..................................... 1,603 −−−−− 12 1,615

North Dakota.................................... 711 −−−−− 5 716

Ohio .................................................. 237 420 375 185 160 204 135 1,716

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 158 36 − 35 − 229

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 147 297 745 517 421 609 573 3,309

Anthracite ...................................... − − 219 73 84 162 379 917

Bituminous ..................................... 147 297 526 444 337 447 194 2,392

Tennessee ......................................... − 57 28 27 61 15 20 208

Texas ................................................. 1,527 − 58 − 5 − − 1,590

Virginia ............................................. − 191 445 184 83 121 119 1,143

Washington ....................................... 522 − 44 −−−− 566

West Virginia Total ......................... 2,116 660 593 327 311 383 597 4,987

Northern ......................................... 108 30 85 84 17 105 124 553

Southern ......................................... 2,008 630 508 243 294 278 473 4,434

Wyoming .......................................... 2,785 102 40 − − 13 − 2,940

Appalachian Total2........................ 3,441 3,253 3,679 2,051 1,687 2,094 2,050 18,255

Interior Total2 ................................ 3,337 922 1,108 373 141 137 132 6,150

Western Total2 ............................... 7,687 102 119 − − 22 38 7,968

East of Miss. River......................... 5,164 4,148 4,517 2,319 1,803 2,189 2,182 22,322

West of Miss. River........................ 9,301 129 389 105 25 64 38 10,051

U.S. Total......................................... 14,465 4,277 4,906 2,424 1,828 2,253 2,220 32,373

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

68 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 4,255 − 4,255 1,312 5,567

Underground .................................. 3,646 − 3,646 668 4,314

Surface ........................................... 609 − 609 644 1,253

Alaska.................................................. − 102 102 − 102

Surface ........................................... − 102 102 − 102

Arizona ................................................ 831 − 831 − 831

Surface ........................................... 831 − 831 − 831

Arkansas............................................. − − − 4 4

Surface ........................................... − − − 4 4

Colorado ............................................. 693 147 840 937 1,777

Underground .................................. 560 − 560 741 1,301

Surface ........................................... 133 147 280 196 476

Illinois .................................................. 4,566 287 4,853 799 5,652

Underground .................................. 3,784 260 4,044 736 4,780

Surface ........................................... 782 27 809 63 872

Indiana ................................................ 1,325 − 1,325 1,246 2,571

Underground .................................. 279 − 279 206 485

Surface ........................................... 1,046 − 1,046 1,040 2,086

Kansas ................................................. 54 − 54 − 54

Surface ........................................... 54 − 54 − 54

Kentucky Total .................................. 2,570 131 2,701 18,424 21,125

Underground .................................. 2,089 75 2,164 12,378 14,542

Surface ........................................... 481 56 537 6,046 6,583

Eastern ............................................. 1,428 131 1,559 15,281 16,840

Underground .................................. 1,118 75 1,193 10,173 11,366

Surface ........................................... 310 56 366 5,108 5,474

Western ............................................ 1,142 − 1,142 3,143 4,285

Underground .................................. 971 − 971 2,205 3,176

Surface ........................................... 171 − 171 938 1,109

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 114 114

Surface ........................................... − − − 114 114

Maryland ............................................ − − − 458 458

Underground .................................. − − − 293 293

Surface ........................................... − − − 165 165

Missouri .............................................. − − − 92 92

Surface ........................................... − − − 92 92

Montana.............................................. 367 291 658 64 722

Surface ........................................... 367 291 658 64 722

New Mexico ........................................ 705 841 1,546 201 1,747

Underground .................................. 132 − 132 − 132

Surface ........................................... 573 841 1,414 201 1,615

North Dakota ..................................... 155 102 257 459 716

Surface ........................................... 155 102 257 459 716

Ohio ..................................................... 1,823 14 1,837 1,549 3,386

Underground .................................. 1,473 − 1,473 197 1,670

Surface ........................................... 350 14 364 1,352 1,716

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 241 241

Underground .................................. − − − 12 12

Surface ........................................... − − − 229 229

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4,042 16 4,058 4,910 8,968

Underground .................................. 3,507 6 3,513 2,146 5,659

Surface ........................................... 535 10 545 2,764 3,309

Anthracite ........................................ 399 10 409 660 1,069

Underground .................................. − 3 3 149 152

Surface ........................................... 399 7 406 511 917

Bituminous ....................................... 3,643 6 3,649 4,250 7,899

Underground .................................. 3,507 3 3,510 1,997 5,507

Surface ........................................... 136 3 139 2,253 2,392

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 681 681

Underground .................................. − − − 473 473

Surface ........................................... − − − 208 208

Texas ................................................... − 934 934 656 1,590

Surface ........................................... − 934 934 656 1,590

Utah ..................................................... 637 − 637 1,256 1,893

Underground .................................. 637 − 637 1,256 1,893

Virginia ............................................... 1,994 44 2,038 4,881 6,919

Underground .................................. 1,922 − 1,922 3,854 5,776

Surface ........................................... 72 44 116 1,027 1,143

Washington......................................... − 522 522 44 566

Surface ........................................... − 522 522 44 566

West Virginia Total........................... 12,842 26 12,868 8,466 21,334

Underground .................................. 10,468 7 10,475 5,872 16,347

Surface ........................................... 2,374 19 2,393 2,594 4,987

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 69 
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1995 (Continued)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 4,359 − 4,359 1,755 6,114

Underground .................................. 4,343 − 4,343 1,218 5,561

Surface ........................................... 16 − 16 537 553

Southern ........................................... 8,483 26 8,509 6,711 15,220

Underground .................................. 6,125 7 6,132 4,654 10,786

Surface ........................................... 2,358 19 2,377 2,057 4,434

Wyoming............................................. 367 534 901 2,241 3,142

Underground .................................. − − − 202 202

Surface ........................................... 367 534 901 2,039 2,940

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26,384 231 26,615 37,538 64,153

Underground .................................. 22,134 88 22,222 23,676 45,898

Surface ........................................... 4,250 143 4,393 13,862 18,255

Interior Total1 ................................... 7,087 1,221 8,308 6,295 14,603

Underground .................................. 5,034 260 5,294 3,159 8,453

Surface ........................................... 2,053 961 3,014 3,136 6,150

Western Total1 .................................. 3,755 2,539 6,294 5,202 11,496

Underground .................................. 1,329 − 1,329 2,199 3,528

Surface ........................................... 2,426 2,539 4,965 3,003 7,968

East of Miss. River............................ 33,417 518 33,935 42,726 76,661

Underground .................................. 27,168 348 27,516 26,823 54,339

Surface ........................................... 6,249 170 6,419 15,903 22,322

West of Miss. River........................... 3,809 3,473 7,282 6,309 13,591

Underground .................................. 1,329 − 1,329 2,211 3,540

Surface ........................................... 2,480 3,473 5,953 4,098 10,051

U.S. Total............................................ 37,226 3,991 41,217 49,035 90,252

Underground ..................................... 28,497 348 28,845 29,034 57,879

Surface .............................................. 8,729 3,643 12,372 20,001 32,373

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Injury Type 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

 RR Injuries Total1 ........................... 7,097 8,764 8,446 10,109 11,386 9,506 −19.0 −11.1 −3.2

Fatal........................................ 47 44 47 54 61 87 6.8 6.3 −6.6 RR Nonfatal2 ................................ 7,050 8,720 8,399 10,055 11,325 9,419 −19.2 −11.2 −3.2

Injuries per 200,000

 RR Employee-Hours Total........... 6.03 6.89 6.86 7.33 7.90 5.65 −12.5 −6.5 .7

Fatal........................................ .04 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 33.3 −1.8 −2.4 RR Nonfatal2................................ 6.00 6.86 6.82 7.29 7.86 5.60 −12.5 −6.5 .8

1 Includes contractors and office workers.

2 Includes only non-fatal injuries that resulted in absence from work. R Revised.

 Note: Calculations of growth rate are based using unrounded values.

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.

70 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Figure 7. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1986-1995

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Thousands

7.1

8.7 8.4

10.1

11.3

12.3 12.0

12.4 12.5

9.5

Figure 8. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1986-1995

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

47

44

47

54

61

66 68

53

63

87

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 71 
Productivity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 73 
Table 48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.49 2.17 1.88 −0.6 0.8 1.9

Alaska .................................................. 7.46 6.94 7.40 6.93 6.82 6.77 7.5 2.3 1.1

Arizona ................................................ 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 6.68 −5.4 −1.1 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 1.47 1.52 1.39 1.68 2.27 1.75 −3.7 −10.3 −1.9

California ............................................. − − − 11.12 11.31 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 6.14 6.20 5.85 5.27 5.05 3.84 −.9 5.0 5.3

Illinois .................................................. 3.87 3.59 3.23 3.42 3.18 2.37 7.6 5.0 5.6

Indiana ................................................. 4.68 4.28 4.46 4.09 4.02 3.36 9.4 3.8 3.7

Iowa ..................................................... − 1.52 .72 1.14 1.29 1.56 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 2.22 1.93 2.30 2.21 2.15 2.83 14.9 .8 −2.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.57 3.25 3.25 3.20 3.01 2.45 9.8 4.3 4.3

Eastern .............................................. 3.47 3.24 3.18 3.10 2.90 2.31 6.9 4.5 4.6

Western ............................................. 3.97 3.28 3.49 3.49 3.37 2.94 21.2 4.2 3.4

Louisiana.............................................. 13.25 13.00 12.14 12.43 12.56 12.45 1.9 1.3 .7

Maryland.............................................. 3.82 3.68 3.41 2.91 3.11 3.50 3.6 5.2 1.0

Missouri ............................................... 2.55 3.59 1.84 3.10 2.69 2.20 −29.0 −1.4 1.6

Montana ............................................... 21.06 21.92 19.49 20.16 18.99 17.63 −3.9 2.6 2.0

New Mexico ........................................ 6.92 6.77 6.68 6.68 6.25 5.81 2.1 2.6 2.0

North Dakota ....................................... 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 12.27 −10.8 −1.2 3.5

Ohio ..................................................... 3.62 3.42 3.46 3.04 2.67 2.13 6.1 7.9 6.1

Oklahoma............................................. 2.97 2.68 2.80 2.17 2.30 1.74 10.8 6.6 6.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.23 2.98 2.80 2.67 2.43 1.83 8.3 7.3 6.5

Anthracite.......................................... 2.08 1.93 1.85 1.33 1.39 1.03 8.0 10.6 8.1

Bituminous........................................ 3.37 3.11 2.91 2.81 2.52 1.92 8.5 7.5 6.5

Tennessee............................................. 2.36 2.23 2.47 2.19 1.88 1.57 5.6 5.8 4.6

Texas.................................................... 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 6.33 3.2 6.1 4.1

Utah...................................................... 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 3.08 6.5 10.0 9.6

Virginia ................................................ 2.50 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.23 1.90 −.1 2.9 3.1

Washington .......................................... 4.04 4.11 4.00 4.51 3.97 2.83 −1.6 .5 4.0

West Virginia Total............................. 3.74 3.69 3.27 3.27 3.11 2.19 1.5 4.7 6.1

Northern ............................................ 3.72 3.63 2.98 3.17 2.84 2.35 2.7 7.0 5.3

Southern ............................................ 3.75 3.72 3.39 3.32 3.26 2.11 .9 3.6 6.6

Wyoming ............................................. 30.06 26.05 24.46 21.50 21.87 15.73 15.4 8.3 7.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.32 3.20 3.00 2.95 2.74 2.09 3.9 4.9 5.3

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.97 4.43 4.43 4.18 3.98 3.14 12.1 5.7 5.2

Western Total1 .................................. 15.68 14.58 13.53 12.73 12.42 9.27 7.5 6.0 6.0

East of Miss. River............................ 3.45 3.28 3.11 3.07 2.86 2.21 5.1 4.7 5.0

West of Miss. River........................... 14.18 13.22 12.14 11.03 10.79 7.90 7.3 7.1 6.7

U.S. Total............................................ 5.38 4.98 4.70 4.36 4.09 3.01 8.0 7.1 6.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

74 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 2.02 1.94 2.09 2.17 1.90 1.54 4.1 1.5 3.1

Arkansas .............................................. − 1.62 − − − − −100.0 − −

Colorado .............................................. 5.86 5.81 5.21 4.52 4.23 2.38 1.0 8.5 10.5

Illinois .................................................. 3.86 3.49 3.11 3.21 2.88 2.06 10.5 7.6 7.2

Indiana ................................................. 3.22 2.82 2.49 2.80 2.97 2.11 14.2 2.1 4.8

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 1.15 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.25 2.89 2.93 2.91 2.71 2.23 12.4 4.7 4.3

Eastern .............................................. 3.12 2.87 2.89 2.86 2.66 2.09 8.6 4.0 4.5

Western ............................................. 3.70 2.96 3.10 3.05 2.86 2.78 25.0 6.6 3.2

Maryland.............................................. 4.77 4.52 4.34 3.50 3.73 4.09 5.6 6.3 1.7

Montana ............................................... − − 1.06 − − −− − −

New Mexico ........................................ 2.68 2.57 1.63 .40 .71 2.29 4.2 39.2 1.8

Ohio ..................................................... 3.81 3.51 3.27 3.01 2.55 1.78 8.4 10.5 8.8

Oklahoma ............................................. .74 1.70 1.03 1.04 .52 − −56.6 9.0 −

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.49 3.18 2.91 2.81 2.38 1.57 9.6 10.1 9.3

Anthracite.......................................... .86 .64 .74 .84 .51 .56 34.6 13.8 4.8

Bituminous........................................ 3.56 3.25 2.98 2.84 2.40 1.60 9.8 10.3 9.3

Tennessee............................................. 2.02 1.90 2.34 1.81 1.72 1.53 6.2 4.1 3.1

Utah...................................................... 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 3.08 6.5 10.0 9.6

Virginia ................................................ 2.25 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.12 1.81 −.7 1.6 2.4

West Virginia Total............................. 3.40 3.38 2.92 2.99 2.83 2.07 .5 4.7 5.7

Northern ............................................ 3.66 3.61 2.84 3.12 2.80 2.30 1.4 6.9 5.3

Southern ............................................ 3.27 3.25 2.96 2.92 2.84 1.94 .4 3.5 6.0

Wyoming ............................................. 5.97 5.07 3.56 4.19 4.17 2.98 17.7 9.4 8.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.08 2.96 2.75 2.76 2.54 1.90 3.9 5.0 5.5

Interior Total1 ................................... 3.76 3.26 3.06 3.14 2.87 2.26 15.4 6.9 5.8

Western Total1 .................................. 6.35 5.98 5.23 4.88 4.56 2.82 6.1 8.6 9.4

East of Miss. River............................ 3.19 3.02 2.81 2.82 2.59 1.96 5.8 5.3 5.6

West of Miss. River........................... 6.32 5.93 5.18 4.85 4.53 2.80 6.5 8.7 9.5

U.S. Total............................................ 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.69 2.00 6.0 5.9 6.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 75 
Table 50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 3.07 3.07 3.01 3.28 2.84 2.47 * 1.9 2.4

Alaska .................................................. 7.46 6.94 7.40 6.93 6.82 6.77 7.5 2.3 1.1

Arizona ................................................ 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 6.68 −5.4 −1.1 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 1.47 1.46 1.39 1.68 2.27 1.75 .2 −10.3 −1.9

California ............................................. − − − 11.12 11.31 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 6.79 7.06 7.07 6.52 6.51 5.85 −3.9 1.0 1.6

Illinois .................................................. 3.89 4.12 3.86 4.47 4.30 3.22 −5.5 −2.4 2.1

Indiana ................................................. 5.04 4.56 4.82 4.28 4.17 3.49 10.5 4.8 4.2

Iowa ..................................................... − 1.52 .72 1.14 1.29 1.78 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 2.22 1.93 2.30 2.21 2.15 2.83 14.9 .8 −2.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 4.23 3.96 3.84 3.75 3.66 2.84 6.8 3.7 4.5

Eastern .............................................. 4.13 3.97 3.74 3.57 3.43 2.72 3.9 4.8 4.7

Western ............................................. 4.77 3.93 4.14 4.31 4.42 3.16 21.5 1.9 4.7

Louisiana.............................................. 13.25 13.00 12.14 12.43 12.56 12.45 1.9 1.3 .7

Maryland.............................................. 2.16 2.18 2.07 2.13 2.23 2.81 −.8 −.8 −2.8

Missouri ............................................... 2.55 3.59 1.84 3.10 2.69 2.20 −29.0 −1.4 1.6

Montana ............................................... 21.06 21.92 19.59 20.16 18.99 17.63 −3.9 2.6 2.0

New Mexico ........................................ 7.19 7.18 7.26 7.11 6.31 6.15 .1 3.3 1.8

North Dakota ....................................... 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 12.27 −10.8 −1.2 3.5

Ohio ..................................................... 3.46 3.34 3.58 3.06 2.76 2.44 3.5 5.8 3.9

Oklahoma............................................. 3.10 2.80 3.12 2.26 2.42 1.74 10.5 6.4 6.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.79 2.67 2.63 2.45 2.53 2.26 4.3 2.4 2.3

Anthracite.......................................... 2.30 2.13 2.09 1.39 1.51 1.15 7.9 11.1 8.0

Bituminous........................................ 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.74 2.80 2.54 4.0 1.4 1.7

Tennessee............................................. 3.20 3.19 2.71 3.06 2.45 1.73 .3 6.9 7.0

Texas.................................................... 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 6.33 3.2 6.1 4.1

Virginia ................................................ 3.73 3.73 3.55 3.50 2.95 2.48 −.1 6.0 4.6

Washington .......................................... 4.04 4.11 4.00 4.51 3.97 2.83 −1.6 .5 4.0

West Virginia Total............................. 4.74 4.62 4.35 4.27 4.18 2.88 2.6 3.1 5.7

Northern ............................................ 4.31 3.78 3.70 3.52 3.16 2.64 14.0 8.0 5.6

Southern ............................................ 4.79 4.75 4.49 4.43 4.38 3.00 .8 2.3 5.3

Wyoming ............................................. 31.02 27.37 26.03 22.76 23.11 15.81 13.3 7.6 7.8

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.88 3.72 3.55 3.40 3.24 2.54 4.3 4.6 4.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 6.39 5.71 5.71 5.21 5.08 3.87 11.9 5.9 5.7

Western Total1 .................................. 18.93 17.68 16.49 15.46 15.33 11.49 7.1 5.4 5.7

East of Miss. River............................ 4.03 3.85 3.74 3.61 3.49 2.75 4.9 3.7 4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 16.23 15.19 13.94 12.49 12.36 9.02 6.9 7.0 6.8

U.S. Total............................................ 8.48 7.67 7.23 6.59 6.38 4.60 10.7 7.4 7.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

76 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1995

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3 (short tons)4

Alabama ........................................ 67 5,567 2.24 18.86

Underground ............................ 14 4,314 2.02 16.53

Surface ..................................... 53 1,253 3.07 26.05

Alaska ........................................... 1 102 7.46 67.17

Surface ..................................... 1 102 7.46 67.17

Arizona ......................................... 3 831 6.34 62.46

Surface ..................................... 3 831 6.34 62.46

Arkansas ....................................... 1 4 1.47 14.67

Surface ..................................... 1 4 1.47 14.67

Colorado ....................................... 19 1,777 6.14 52.84

Underground ............................ 14 1,301 5.86 50.28

Surface ..................................... 5 476 6.79 58.97

Illinois ........................................... 40 5,652 3.87 32.86

Underground ............................ 25 4,780 3.86 32.15

Surface ..................................... 15 872 3.89 34.22

Indiana .......................................... 44 2,571 4.68 43.51

Underground ............................ 6 485 3.22 28.12

Surface ..................................... 38 2,086 5.04 47.31

Kansas ........................................... 1 54 2.22 17.76

Surface ..................................... 1 54 2.22 17.76

Kentucky Total............................ 690 21,125 3.57 32.36

Underground ............................ 410 14,542 3.25 28.49

Surface ..................................... 280 6,583 4.23 40.18

Eastern ....................................... 626 16,840 3.47 31.60

Underground ............................ 380 11,366 3.12 27.35

Surface ..................................... 246 5,474 4.13 39.83

Western ...................................... 64 4,285 3.97 33.89

Underground ............................ 30 3,176 3.70 32.20

Surface ..................................... 34 1,109 4.77 39.96

Louisiana ...................................... 2 114 13.25 125.86

Surface ..................................... 2 114 13.25 125.86

Maryland ...................................... 16 458 3.82 32.39

Underground ............................ 3 293 4.77 38.97

Surface ..................................... 13 165 2.16 18.51

Missouri ........................................ 5 92 2.55 21.98

Surface ..................................... 5 92 2.55 21.98

Montana ........................................ 7 722 21.06 179.64

Surface ..................................... 7 722 21.06 179.64

New Mexico.................................. 9 1,747 6.92 54.01

Underground ............................ 2 132 2.68 20.07

Surface ..................................... 7 1,615 7.19 56.82

North Dakota ............................... 7 716 16.80 136.69

Surface ..................................... 7 716 16.80 136.69

Ohio ............................................... 109 3,386 3.62 34.06

Underground ............................ 14 1,670 3.81 34.87

Surface ..................................... 95 1,716 3.46 32.60

Oklahoma ..................................... 12 241 2.97 26.79

Underground ............................ 1 12 .74 6.62

Surface ..................................... 11 229 3.10 27.96

Pennsylvania Total...................... 378 8,968 3.23 27.75

Underground ............................ 98 5,659 3.49 29.26

Surface ..................................... 280 3,309 2.79 24.15

Anthracite .................................. 102 1,069 2.08 16.92

Underground ............................ 22 152 .86 7.01

Surface ..................................... 80 917 2.30 18.63

Bituminous ................................ 276 7,899 3.37 29.58

Underground ............................ 76 5,507 3.56 30.11

Surface ..................................... 200 2,392 2.95 26.27

Tennessee ...................................... 33 681 2.36 20.75

Underground ............................ 20 473 2.02 17.20

Surface ..................................... 13 208 3.20 29.54

Texas ............................................. 14 1,590 9.10 90.97

Surface ..................................... 14 1,590 9.10 90.97

Utah ............................................... 16 1,893 7.02 60.50

Underground ............................ 16 1,893 7.02 60.50

Virginia ......................................... 232 6,919 2.50 22.04

Underground ............................ 170 5,776 2.25 19.36

Surface ..................................... 62 1,143 3.73 34.77

Washington .................................. 3 566 4.04 33.71

Surface ..................................... 3 566 4.04 33.71

West Virginia Total .................... 542 21,334 3.74 32.80

Underground ............................ 351 16,347 3.40 29.01

Surface ..................................... 191 4,987 4.74 43.51

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 77 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1995 (Continued)

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3 (short tons)4

Northern .................................... 116 6,114 3.72 31.63

Underground ............................ 68 5,561 3.66 29.96

Surface ..................................... 48 553 4.31 38.43

Southern .................................... 426 15,220 3.75 33.15

Underground ............................ 283 10,786 3.27 28.13

Surface ..................................... 143 4,434 4.79 44.42

Wyoming ...................................... 27 3,142 30.06 294.01

Underground ............................ 2 202 5.97 59.75

Surface ..................................... 25 2,940 31.02 302.85

Appalachian Total5..................... 2,003 64,153 3.32 29.44

Underground ............................ 1,050 45,898 3.08 26.55

Surface ..................................... 953 18,255 3.88 35.49

Interior Total5 ............................. 183 14,603 4.97 44.06

Underground ............................ 62 8,453 3.76 32.18

Surface ..................................... 121 6,150 6.39 57.72

Western Total5 ............................ 92 11,496 15.68 139.02

Underground ............................ 34 3,528 6.35 54.68

Surface ..................................... 58 7,968 18.93 170.72

East of Miss. River...................... 2,151 76,661 3.45 30.55

Underground ............................ 1,111 54,339 3.19 27.52

Surface ..................................... 1,040 22,322 4.03 36.79

West of Miss. River..................... 127 13,591 14.18 127.79

Underground ............................ 35 3,540 6.32 54.51

Surface ..................................... 92 10,051 16.23 148.63

U.S. Total...................................... 2,278 90,252 5.38 47.67

Underground ......................... 1,146 57,879 3.39 29.16

Surface .................................. 1,132 32,373 8.48 77.40

1 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal will be

counted as two operations.

2 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering employees.

3 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers.

4 Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per hour by the average length of a miner shift.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

78 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama.............................................. 260 240 250 245 239 252 8.2 2.1 0.3

Underground .................................. 259 246 249 236 231 232 5.4 2.9 1.3

Surface ........................................... 262 231 253 258 254 274 13.4 .8 −.5

Alaska.................................................. 251 246 250 224 265 260 2.0 −1.3 −.4

Surface ........................................... 251 246 250 224 265 260 2.0 −1.3 −.4

Arizona................................................ 211 217 211 225 230 221 −2.6 −2.1 −.5

Surface ........................................... 211 217 211 225 230 221 −2.6 −2.1 −.5

Arkansas............................................. 240 176 240 228 161 285 36.4 10.5 −1.9

Underground .................................. − 85 − − − − −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 240 240 240 228 161 285 − 10.5 −1.9

California............................................ − − − 116 63 −− − −

Surface ........................................... − − − 116 63 −− − −

Colorado ............................................. 287 258 243 278 275 259 11.0 1.1 1.1

Underground .................................. 287 288 282 268 260 232 −.3 2.5 2.4

Surface ........................................... 286 204 188 290 292 275 40.1 −.5 .5

Illinois.................................................. 260 253 220 253 252 246 2.8 .7 .6

Underground .................................. 264 257 222 258 259 240 2.7 .5 1.1

Surface ........................................... 233 231 212 233 235 256 .8 −.2 −1.0

Indiana ................................................ 266 274 254 250 245 268 −2.9 2.0 −.1

Underground .................................. 277 285 246 263 284 309 −2.8 −.6 −1.2

Surface ........................................... 264 272 255 249 241 266 −3.1 2.2 −.1

Iowa..................................................... − 150 260 259 250 254 −100.0 − −

Underground .................................. − − − − − 280 −− −

Surface ........................................... − 150 260 259 250 245 −100.0 − −

Kansas................................................. 265 269 259 242 277 241 −1.5 −1.1 1.0

Surface ........................................... 265 269 259 242 277 241 −1.5 −1.1 1.0

Kentucky Total .................................. 254 261 255 259 248 234 −2.8 .6 .9

Underground .................................. 252 257 247 254 249 231 −2.1 .3 1.0

Surface ........................................... 258 268 267 267 247 239 −3.6 1.1 .8

Eastern ............................................. 250 257 253 250 241 225 −2.9 .8 1.2

Underground .................................. 246 249 244 246 241 220 −1.1 .6 1.3

Surface ........................................... 254 268 266 255 242 231 −5.3 1.3 1.0

Western............................................ 269 276 263 286 268 260 −2.5 .1 .4

Underground .................................. 267 283 256 278 273 262 −5.9 −.6 .2

Surface ........................................... 276 266 270 296 261 258 3.8 1.4 .7

Louisiana ............................................ 299 290 293 335 268 324 3.1 2.7 −.9

Surface ........................................... 299 290 293 335 268 324 3.1 2.7 −.9

Maryland ............................................ 237 237 249 311 282 240 * −4.2 −.1

Underground .................................. 241 236 249 339 291 241 2.3 −4.6 *

Surface ........................................... 223 243 250 251 260 238 −8.6 −3.8 −.8

Missouri .............................................. 278 263 181 345 344 234 5.8 −5.2 1.9

Surface ........................................... 278 263 181 345 344 234 5.8 −5.2 1.9

Montana.............................................. 341 341 341 344 319 300 −.2 1.7 1.4

Underground .................................. − − 158 − − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 341 341 341 344 319 300 −.2 1.7 1.4

New Mexico ........................................ 282 283 297 284 279 283 −.1 .3 *

Underground .................................. 241 241 241 241 71 205 − 35.7 1.8

Surface ........................................... 283 284 299 284 279 285 −.2 .4 −.1

North Dakota ..................................... 289 303 307 287 265 246 −4.5 2.3 1.8

Surface ........................................... 289 303 307 287 265 246 −4.5 2.3 1.8

Ohio..................................................... 242 257 266 268 258 235 −5.8 −1.6 .3

Underground .................................. 239 265 266 268 260 236 −9.7 −2.1 .1

Surface ........................................... 245 251 266 267 257 234 −2.2 −1.2 .5

Oklahoma ........................................... 296 305 294 282 289 252 −2.8 .6 1.8

Underground .................................. 309 310 300 260 162 − −.3 17.5 −

Surface ........................................... 296 305 293 283 291 252 −2.8 .5 1.8

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 262 257 246 249 243 236 2.0 1.9 1.2

Underground .................................. 266 256 238 245 240 226 4.0 2.7 1.9

Surface ........................................... 253 259 258 257 250 247 −2.2 .4 .3

Anthracite ........................................ 253 264 247 246 256 241 −4.3 −.3 .5

Underground .................................. 256 264 263 227 256 240 −3.1 −.1 .7

Surface ........................................... 252 264 246 247 256 241 −4.3 −.3 .5

Bituminous....................................... 263 256 246 249 243 235 2.5 2.0 1.2

Underground .................................. 266 256 238 245 240 225 4.1 2.7 1.9

Surface ........................................... 253 258 261 258 249 248 −1.6 .5 .2

Tennessee ............................................ 236 230 223 243 236 236 2.7 * *

Underground .................................. 245 233 254 241 239 242 5.0 .7 .2

Surface ........................................... 221 223 173 246 228 218 −.9 −.8 .2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 79 
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1986, 1991-1995 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Texas ................................................... 345 346 350 348 341 320 −0.3 0.2 0.8

Surface ........................................... 345 346 350 348 341 320 −.3 .2 .8

Utah..................................................... 241 257 249 246 252 217 −6.4 −1.1 1.2

Underground .................................. 241 257 249 246 252 217 −6.4 −1.1 1.2

Virginia ............................................... 254 245 246 253 241 220 3.8 1.4 1.6

Underground .................................. 254 243 245 256 243 219 4.5 1.1 1.6

Surface ........................................... 255 251 247 241 231 224 1.5 2.5 1.4

Washington......................................... 262 263 252 231 230 355 −.3 3.3 −3.3

Surface ........................................... 262 263 252 231 230 355 −.3 3.3 −3.3

West Virginia Total........................... 255 252 227 246 241 223 1.1 1.3 1.5

Underground .................................. 244 244 217 243 240 222 −.2 .4 1.1

Surface ........................................... 278 270 248 255 244 228 3.1 3.2 2.2

Northern .......................................... 242 246 194 235 240 222 −1.6 .2 1.0

Underground .................................. 237 242 175 235 241 223 −2.1 −.4 .7

Surface ........................................... 283 278 271 236 238 217 1.6 4.4 3.0

Southern........................................... 260 255 238 251 242 223 2.0 1.8 1.7

Underground .................................. 248 246 235 248 240 221 .8 .8 1.3

Surface ........................................... 277 268 243 258 245 232 3.3 3.1 2.0

Wyoming............................................. 352 341 345 339 339 313 3.2 .9 1.3

Underground .................................. 245 243 258 238 232 175 .7 1.4 3.8

Surface ........................................... 353 342 346 341 341 313 3.1 .9 1.3

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 254 253 243 250 243 228 .2 1.1 1.2

Underground .................................. 249 248 235 247 241 223 .6 .8 1.2

Surface ........................................... 261 262 257 256 246 238 −.2 1.5 1.0

Interior Total1 ................................... 291 290 280 289 281 272 .3 .8 .7

Underground .................................. 266 267 236 265 265 250 −.5 .1 .7

Surface ........................................... 308 304 302 304 290 282 1.4 1.5 1.0

Western Total1 .................................. 326 319 320 316 312 291 2.4 1.2 1.3

Underground .................................. 259 267 261 252 253 220 −3.3 .6 1.8

Surface ........................................... 334 325 327 323 318 297 2.9 1.2 1.3

East of Miss. River............................ 256 256 243 253 246 235 * 1.0 .9

Underground .................................. 253 252 235 250 246 228 .4 .7 1.1

Surface ........................................... 261 262 256 257 246 245 −.3 1.6 .7

West of Miss. River........................... 328 321 323 320 315 294 2.1 1.0 1.2

Underground .................................. 259 267 261 252 253 221 −3.3 .6 1.8

Surface ........................................... 335 327 329 326 321 299 2.5 1.1 1.3

U.S. Total............................................ 290 285 280 280 274 257 1.6 1.4 1.4

Underground .................................. 253 253 238 251 246 228 −.1 .7 1.2

Surface ........................................... 313 305 304 301 293 276 2.4 1.6 1.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

80 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1995

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ......................................... 261 297 214 278 215 178 260

Alaska ............................................ 251 − − −−− 251

Arizona .......................................... 211 − − −−− 211

Arkansas ........................................ − − − −− 240 240

Colorado ........................................ 291 290 233 − − 241 287

Illinois ............................................ 261 220 303 81 22 186 260

Indiana ........................................... 291 241 230 139 90 97 266

Kansas ............................................ − − 265 −−− 265

Kentucky Total.............................. 282 256 245 220 198 175 254

Eastern ........................................ 285 253 242 222 202 175 250

Western ....................................... 278 266 266 178 87 185 269

Louisiana ....................................... 313 250 − −−− 299

Maryland ........................................ 240 − 232 235 240 215 237

Missouri ......................................... −−− 293 249 264 278

Montana ......................................... 341 − 245 −−− 341

New Mexico.................................. 283 241 − −−− 282

North Dakota................................. 289 − − −−− 289

Ohio ............................................... 229 263 265 264 215 180 242

Oklahoma ...................................... − − 308 260 − 245 296

Pennsylvania Total........................ 274 261 250 247 248 225 262

Anthracite ................................... − − 280 208 243 243 253

Bituminous ................................. 274 261 243 256 249 221 263

Tennessee ...................................... − 244 241 250 179 194 236

Texas .............................................. 345 − 284 − 145 − 345

Utah ............................................... 242 237 190 234 − − 241

Virginia .......................................... 254 299 266 239 215 177 254

Washington .................................... 260 − 305 −−− 262

West Virginia Total ...................... 272 256 231 193 196 178 255

Northern ...................................... 247 227 241 232 217 192 242

Southern ...................................... 286 263 230 184 192 173 260

Wyoming ....................................... 353 248 166 − − 172 352

Appalachian Total2..................... 269 259 243 226 211 191 254

Interior Total2 ............................. 301 255 261 185 128 198 291

Western Total2 ............................ 328 260 219 234 − 188 326

East of Miss. River...................... 270 258 244 222 209 191 256

West of Miss. River..................... 330 258 249 272 222 233 328

U.S. Total...................................... 308 258 245 223 209 192 290

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 81 
Table 54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 2.03 − 2.02 − 2.02

Colorado .............................................. 4.24 3.66 6.44 − 5.86

Illinois .................................................. 3.75 − 4.03 − 3.86

Indiana ................................................. 3.22 − − − 3.22

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.36 2.60 3.63 1.86 3.25

Eastern .............................................. 3.19 2.56 4.28 1.86 3.12

Western ............................................. 3.95 3.67 3.28 − 3.70

Maryland .............................................. 5.14 − 4.73 − 4.77

New Mexico ........................................ − − 2.68 − 2.68

Ohio ..................................................... 3.96 − 3.79 − 3.81

Oklahoma............................................. .74 − − − .74

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.29 2.09 4.51 .63 3.49

Anthracite .......................................... .94 .81 − .63 .86

Bituminous........................................ 2.32 2.39 4.51 − 3.56

Tennessee............................................. 2.02 − − − 2.02

Utah...................................................... 3.87 2.08 7.69 − 7.02

Virginia ................................................ 2.17 2.11 2.51 1.74 2.25

West Virginia Total............................. 3.25 3.07 3.68 − 3.40

Northern ............................................ 3.34 2.99 3.80 − 3.66

Southern ............................................ 3.25 3.09 3.45 − 3.27

Wyoming ............................................. − .81 6.34 − 5.97

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 2.94 2.67 3.39 1.80 3.08

Interior Total5 ................................... 3.76 3.67 3.75 − 3.76

Western Total5 .................................. 4.12 2.60 6.92 − 6.35

East of Miss. River............................ 3.12 2.69 3.45 1.80 3.19

West of Miss. River........................... 4.01 2.60 6.92 − 6.32

U.S. Total............................................ 3.14 2.69 3.85 1.80 3.39

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across the mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand

alone mines. Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these

data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

82 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Underground Coalbed Thickness Surface Total (inches) Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4

< 7......................................... − − − − 3.00 3.00

7-12 ......................................... − − − − 3.89 3.89

13-18 ....................................... − − − − 4.66 4.66

19-24 ....................................... 3.02 1.88 − 1.71 4.31 4.25

25-30 ....................................... 2.39 2.68 − 2.94 4.19 3.94

31-36 ....................................... 2.70 3.12 − 1.89 4.93 4.09

37-42 ....................................... 3.09 2.23 − 1.47 4.96 4.05

43-48 ....................................... 3.73 2.94 3.12 − 5.04 4.17

49-54 ....................................... 3.31 2.97 2.39 − 5.86 4.26

55-60 ....................................... 4.00 3.76 3.14 2.50 5.70 4.49

61-66 ....................................... 3.31 3.37 4.48 − 6.15 4.65

67-72 ....................................... 4.20 3.14 4.00 − 5.64 4.75

73-78 ....................................... 4.53 − 3.45 − 6.77 4.88

79-84 ....................................... 4.73 3.42 3.92 − 6.83 4.90

85-90 ....................................... 6.83 − 3.64 − 6.70 6.07

91-96 ....................................... 4.08 − 4.06 .95 5.33 4.43

97-102 ..................................... 5.02 − 4.92 − 5.57 5.39

103-108 ................................... 4.02 2.94 7.36 − 5.62 5.58

109-114 ................................... 3.98 − 9.43 − 4.38 5.63

115-120 ................................... 5.94 2.01 6.55 − 5.70 6.11

> 120................................... 4.64 4.61 8.25 − 17.78 16.49

U.S. Total5 ............................. 3.14 2.69 3.85 1.80 8.48 5.38

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 83 
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama.............................................. 2.16 2.73 3.46 2.67 3.03 2.65 2.24

Underground .................................. 2.07 2.13 − − − − 2.02

Surface ........................................... 4.43 3.37 3.46 2.67 3.03 2.65 3.07

Alaska.................................................. 7.46 − − − − − 7.46

Surface ........................................... 7.46 − − − − − 7.46

Arizona................................................ 6.56 − − − − − 6.34

Surface ........................................... 6.56 − − − − − 6.34

Arkansas............................................. − − − − − 1.47 1.47

Surface ........................................... − − − − − 1.47 1.47

Colorado ............................................. 6.81 4.06 4.17 − − 1.05 6.14

Underground .................................. 6.82 4.06 3.67 −−− 5.86

Surface ........................................... 6.81 − 8.42 − − 1.05 6.79

Illinois .................................................. 4.06 3.71 3.35 18.16 .90 6.53 3.87

Underground .................................. 4.02 3.28 − − − − 3.86

Surface ........................................... 4.37 5.47 3.35 18.16 .90 6.53 3.89

Indiana ................................................ 4.76 4.71 4.81 4.52 4.57 4.89 4.68

Underground .................................. 3.42 − 2.56 −−− 3.22

Surface ........................................... 5.25 4.71 5.36 4.52 4.57 4.89 5.04

Kansas ................................................. − − 2.22 −−− 2.22

Surface ........................................... − − 2.22 −−− 2.22

Kentucky Total .................................. 4.52 4.50 3.93 3.07 2.67 2.40 3.57

Underground .................................. 4.21 4.10 3.60 2.86 2.54 2.11 3.25

Surface ........................................... 5.55 5.07 4.39 3.53 3.14 2.93 4.23

Eastern ............................................. 4.84 4.50 3.86 3.02 2.65 2.34 3.47

Underground .................................. 4.44 4.14 3.56 2.86 2.52 2.11 3.12

Surface ........................................... 5.52 5.06 4.38 3.38 3.12 2.80 4.13

Western............................................ 4.11 4.48 4.49 5.09 3.99 4.39 3.97

Underground .................................. 4.02 3.98 4.59 − 4.18 − 3.70

Surface ........................................... 5.79 5.13 4.46 5.09 3.65 4.39 4.77

Louisiana ............................................ 13.38 12.81 − − − − 13.25

Surface ........................................... 13.38 12.81 − − − − 13.25

Maryland ............................................ 5.37 − 3.27 2.19 2.05 2.28 3.82

Underground .................................. 5.37 − 5.90 −−− 4.77

Surface ........................................... − − 2.15 2.19 2.05 2.28 2.16

Missouri .............................................. −−− 2.10 3.59 6.14 2.55

Surface ........................................... −−− 2.10 3.59 6.14 2.55

Montana .............................................. 21.12 − 14.99 −−− 21.06

Surface ........................................... 21.12 − 14.99 −−− 21.06

New Mexico ........................................ 7.24 2.86 − − − − 6.92

Underground .................................. − 2.86 − − − − 2.68

Surface ........................................... 7.24 − − − − − 7.19

North Dakota ..................................... 16.86 − − − − − 16.80

Surface ........................................... 16.86 − − − − − 16.80

Ohio..................................................... 3.71 4.50 3.61 4.30 3.26 2.87 3.62

Underground .................................. 3.83 4.80 3.88 − 2.22 − 3.81

Surface ........................................... 2.74 4.44 3.56 4.30 3.36 2.87 3.46

Oklahoma ........................................... − − 3.21 3.92 − 1.24 2.97

Underground .................................. − − − − − .74 .74

Surface ........................................... − − 3.21 3.92 − 1.50 3.10

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4.76 2.15 3.13 3.44 2.92 2.60 3.23

Underground .................................. 4.74 1.97 2.72 2.54 2.11 1.64 3.49

Surface ........................................... 5.24 2.74 3.54 3.73 3.09 2.78 2.79

Anthracite ........................................ − − 4.47 4.49 3.97 1.74 2.08

Underground .................................. −−− 1.92 − 1.31 .86

Surface ........................................... − − 4.47 6.06 3.97 1.86 2.30

Bituminous....................................... 4.76 2.15 2.92 3.25 2.74 2.95 3.37

Underground .................................. 4.74 1.97 2.72 2.72 2.11 1.85 3.56

Surface ........................................... 5.24 2.74 3.19 3.40 2.90 3.13 2.95

Tennessee ............................................ − 3.99 3.46 1.86 3.24 1.74 2.36

Underground .................................. − − 3.27 1.75 2.75 1.78 2.02

Surface ........................................... − 3.99 4.51 2.48 3.48 1.68 3.20

Texas ................................................... 9.25 − 3.54 − 9.01 − 9.10

Surface ........................................... 9.25 − 3.54 − 9.01 − 9.10

Utah..................................................... 7.53 6.68 3.12 2.01 − − 7.02

Underground .................................. 7.53 6.68 3.12 2.01 − − 7.02

Virginia ............................................... 2.85 3.88 3.33 2.54 2.03 2.07 2.50

Underground .................................. 2.85 3.00 2.91 2.41 1.98 1.92 2.25

Surface ........................................... − 4.97 4.32 3.24 2.84 2.74 3.73

See footnotes at end of table.

84 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1995

(Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Washington ......................................... 4.20 − 2.36 −−− 4.04

Surface ........................................... 4.20 − 2.36 −−− 4.04

West Virginia Total........................... 4.52 4.68 3.97 3.25 2.73 2.46 3.74

Underground .................................. 4.01 4.29 3.77 3.03 2.58 2.21 3.40

Surface ........................................... 5.88 5.59 4.93 3.96 3.39 2.94 4.74

Northern .......................................... 4.19 3.81 3.85 3.37 2.45 2.57 3.72

Underground .................................. 4.05 3.38 3.86 3.16 2.30 1.90 3.66

Surface ........................................... 7.19 10.30 3.78 3.68 3.81 3.06 4.31

Southern........................................... 4.74 4.95 3.99 3.22 2.80 2.43 3.75

Underground .................................. 3.98 4.71 3.75 3.01 2.67 2.27 3.27

Surface ........................................... 5.79 5.35 5.12 4.09 3.33 2.85 4.79

Wyoming ............................................. 31.07 6.53 8.43 − − 1.10 30.06

Underground .................................. 6.34 − − − − .81 5.97

Surface ........................................... 32.03 6.53 8.43 − − 1.32 31.02

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 4.06 4.06 3.68 3.03 2.60 2.45 3.32

Underground .................................. 3.72 3.63 3.44 2.72 2.35 2.06 3.08

Surface ........................................... 5.59 4.72 4.12 3.58 3.12 2.77 3.88

Interior Total2 ................................... 5.42 4.58 4.12 4.03 2.64 2.68 4.97

Underground .................................. 3.99 3.83 3.62 − 4.18 .74 3.76

Surface ........................................... 7.65 5.20 4.20 4.03 2.36 3.13 6.39

Western Total2 .................................. 16.67 4.64 4.30 2.01 − 1.09 15.68

Underground .................................. 7.20 3.96 3.46 2.01 − .81 6.35

Surface ........................................... 19.36 6.53 6.39 − − 1.22 18.93

East of Miss. River............................ 4.10 4.12 3.74 3.09 2.60 2.48 3.45

Underground .................................. 3.79 3.66 3.44 2.72 2.36 2.06 3.19

Surface ........................................... 5.41 4.77 4.21 3.69 3.06 2.82 4.03

West of Miss. River........................... 15.30 5.22 3.74 2.55 4.23 1.40 14.18

Underground .................................. 7.20 3.96 3.46 2.01 − .76 6.32

Surface ........................................... 17.08 7.92 3.92 2.66 4.23 1.68 16.23

U.S. Total............................................ 7.65 4.16 3.74 3.07 2.61 2.44 5.38

Underground ..................................... 4.11 3.67 3.45 2.72 2.36 2.03 3.39

Surface .............................................. 13.21 4.86 4.18 3.64 3.08 2.77 8.48

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 85 
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1995

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 2.14 − 2.14 2.54 2.24

Underground .................................. 2.01 − 2.01 2.09 2.02

Surface ........................................... 2.92 − 2.92 3.24 3.07

Alaska.................................................. − 7.46 7.46 − 7.46

Surface ........................................... − 7.46 7.46 − 7.46

Arizona ................................................ 6.34 − 6.34 − 6.34

Surface ........................................... 6.34 − 6.34 − 6.34

Arkansas............................................. − − − 1.47 1.47

Surface ........................................... − − − 1.47 1.47

Colorado ............................................. 3.84 7.11 4.38 7.38 6.14

Underground .................................. 2.91 − 2.91 7.83 5.86

Surface ........................................... 7.83 7.11 7.46 6.25 6.79

Illinois.................................................. 3.73 4.20 3.76 4.34 3.87

Underground .................................. 3.73 4.21 3.76 4.25 3.86

Surface ........................................... 3.74 4.16 3.76 5.88 3.89

Indiana ................................................ 4.62 − 4.62 4.74 4.68

Underground .................................. 3.13 − 3.13 3.33 3.22

Surface ........................................... 5.02 − 5.02 5.05 5.04

Kansas ................................................. 2.22 − 2.22 − 2.22

Surface ........................................... 2.22 − 2.22 − 2.22

Kentucky Total .................................. 3.94 4.89 3.98 3.50 3.57

Underground .................................. 3.58 2.55 3.56 3.19 3.25

Surface ........................................... 5.29 6.98 5.47 4.10 4.23

Eastern ............................................. 4.27 4.89 4.32 3.37 3.47

Underground .................................. 3.84 2.55 3.77 3.04 3.12

Surface ........................................... 5.43 6.98 5.66 3.99 4.13

Western ............................................ 3.56 − 3.56 4.16 3.97

Underground .................................. 3.34 − 3.34 3.90 3.70

Surface ........................................... 4.98 − 4.98 4.73 4.77

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 13.25 13.25

Surface ........................................... − − − 13.25 13.25

Maryland ............................................ − − − 3.82 3.82

Underground .................................. − − − 4.77 4.77

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.16 2.16

Missouri .............................................. − − − 2.55 2.55

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.55 2.55

Montana.............................................. 17.28 20.61 18.82 37.05 21.06

Surface ........................................... 17.28 20.61 18.82 37.05 21.06

New Mexico ........................................ 6.06 7.14 6.70 8.50 6.92

Underground .................................. 2.68 − 2.68 − 2.68

Surface ........................................... 6.76 7.14 7.00 8.50 7.19

North Dakota ..................................... 14.80 14.26 14.52 17.80 16.80

Surface ........................................... 14.80 14.26 14.52 17.80 16.80

Ohio..................................................... 3.67 2.51 3.66 3.59 3.62

Underground .................................. 3.83 − 3.83 3.66 3.81

Surface ........................................... 2.92 2.51 2.91 3.57 3.46

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 2.97 2.97

Underground .................................. − − − .74 .74

Surface ........................................... − − − 3.10 3.10

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 2.57 1.73 2.56 3.78 3.23

Underground .................................. 2.63 − 2.63 4.95 3.49

Surface ........................................... 2.11 2.80 2.12 2.91 2.79

Anthracite ........................................ 1.60 3.08 1.64 2.35 2.08

Underground .................................. − − − .88 .86

Surface ........................................... 1.60 4.33 1.65 2.79 2.30

Bituminous ....................................... 2.66 − 2.66 3.99 3.37

Underground .................................. 2.63 − 2.63 5.26 3.56

Surface ........................................... 3.39 − 3.30 2.93 2.95

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 2.36 2.36

Underground .................................. − − − 2.02 2.02

Surface ........................................... − − − 3.20 3.20

Texas ................................................... − 8.48 8.48 10.26 9.10

Surface ........................................... − 8.48 8.48 10.26 9.10

Utah ..................................................... 6.65 − 6.65 7.23 7.02

Underground .................................. 6.65 − 6.65 7.23 7.02

Virginia ............................................... 2.40 3.55 2.44 2.53 2.50

Underground .................................. 2.39 − 2.39 2.19 2.25

Surface ........................................... 2.58 3.55 3.08 3.81 3.73

Washington......................................... − 4.20 4.20 2.36 4.04

Surface ........................................... − 4.20 4.20 2.36 4.04

West Virginia Total........................... 3.53 − 3.52 4.10 3.74

Underground .................................. 3.19 − 3.19 3.80 3.40

Surface ........................................... 4.80 − 4.76 4.71 4.74

See footnotes at end of table.

86 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1995 (Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 3.76 − 3.76 3.63 3.72

Underground .................................. 3.78 − 3.78 3.23 3.66

Surface ........................................... − − − 4.45 4.31

Southern ........................................... 3.42 − 3.41 4.24 3.75

Underground .................................. 2.79 − 2.79 3.96 3.27

Surface ........................................... 4.83 − 4.79 4.79 4.79

Wyoming............................................. 5.66 9.84 8.04 35.88 30.06

Underground .................................. − − − 5.97 5.97

Surface ........................................... 5.66 9.84 8.04 37.40 31.02

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.14 3.60 3.14 3.45 3.32

Underground .................................. 2.92 2.05 2.92 3.23 3.08

Surface ........................................... 4.15 4.24 4.16 3.79 3.88

Interior Total1 ................................... 3.85 7.83 4.76 5.25 4.97

Underground .................................. 3.61 4.21 3.64 3.95 3.76

Surface ........................................... 4.45 8.39 6.32 6.47 6.39

Western Total1 .................................. 7.32 9.22 8.11 23.23 15.68

Underground .................................. 4.69 − 4.69 7.38 6.35

Surface ........................................... 8.67 9.22 8.96 30.63 18.93

East of Miss. River............................ 3.30 3.94 3.31 3.56 3.45

Underground .................................. 3.06 3.77 3.07 3.33 3.19

Surface ........................................... 4.26 4.23 4.26 3.94 4.03

West of Miss. River........................... 7.23 8.93 8.15 20.49 14.18

Underground .................................. 4.69 − 4.69 7.32 6.32

Surface ........................................... 8.52 8.93 8.78 25.14 16.23

U.S. Total............................................ 3.71 8.36 4.28 6.30 5.38

Underground ..................................... 3.14 3.77 3.14 3.63 3.39

Surface .............................................. 5.47 8.71 6.58 9.69 8.48

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 87 
Distribution

The amount of U.S. coal distributed during 1995

reached a record 1,030 million short tons, surpassing

by 1 percent the previous record of 1,023 million

short tons distributed during 1994 (Table 58). Compared with 1994, distribution of U.S. coal to domestic

consumers declined 1 percent to 940 million short

tons, while foreign distribution increased 24 percent

to 90 million short tons (Table 59).

Texas was the leading destination for coal distributed

domestically during 1995, with shipments totaling 94

million short tons, representing 9 percent of total distribution (Table 61). Of the coal distributed in Texas

during 1995, 56 percent was indigenous, with virtually all of the balance arriving from Wyoming (38

million short tons) and Colorado (2 million short tons)

(Table 61).

Other major destination States included Indiana,

Pennsylvania, and Ohio, which collectively received

170 million short tons, representing 16.5 percent of

total distribution. As with distributions of coal in

Texas, a substantial portion of the coal distributed in

each of these States was indigenous (Table 61).

West Virginia was the leading source of U.S. coal distributed abroad during 1995, with foreign shipments

totaling 44 million short tons, representing 49 percent

of total foreign distributions. Other leading sources of

U.S. coal distributed abroad during 1995 were

Virginia and Kentucky, each with foreign distributions totaling 10 million short tons, and

Pennsylvania, with foreign distributions totaling 8

million short tons. Collectively, foreign distributions

of coal mined in these four States totaled 72 million

short tons, accounting for 80 percent of the U.S. coal

shipped abroad during 1995.

Rail continued to be the primary method of transporting coal during 1995, accounting for 591 million

short tons, or 57 percent, of coal shipments (Table

65). Coal transported by water (including shipments

by river, shipments on the Great Lakes, and shipments

through tidewater ports) accounted for 233 million

short tons or 23 percent of total coal distributed. Distributions of coal by truck totaled 104 million short

tons (10 percent of the total), while distributions by

tramway and conveyor totaled 100 million short tons,

or 10 percent of the total.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 89 
Figure 9. Coal Distribution, 1986-1995

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Foreign

Residential/Commercial

Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Electric Generation

Total Distribution

90 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995

Alabama ..................................................... 25,159 23,750 25,556 25,491 27,679 5.9 −2.4

Alaska......................................................... 1,670 1,505 1,598 1,531 1,483 10.9 3.0

Arizona....................................................... 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 −1.9 −2.3

Arkansas..................................................... 11 28 25 32 1 −59.2 112.9

California ................................................... −−− 142 23 − −

Colorado..................................................... 25,635 24,810 21,465 18,864 17,757 3.3 9.6

Illinois ........................................................ 47,869 51,973 42,000 58,913 58,553 −7.9 −4.9

Indiana........................................................ 25,695 30,684 29,664 31,393 31,412 −16.3 −4.9

Iowa............................................................ − 46 175 287 350 −100.0 −

Kansas ........................................................ 291 282 345 354 424 3.3 −9.0

Kentucky Total .......................................... 151,466 159,130 160,395 161,860 158,290 −4.8 −1.1

Eastern..................................................... 117,831 124,257 125,041 120,186 117,462 −5.2 .1

Western ................................................... 33,635 34,873 35,354 41,674 40,828 −3.5 −4.7

Louisiana.................................................... 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 −1.1 2.1

Maryland .................................................... 3,570 3,460 3,572 3,480 3,773 3.2 −1.4

Missouri ..................................................... 464 679 638 2,795 2,203 −31.7 −32.3

Montana ..................................................... 39,620 41,916 35,916 38,866 38,119 −5.5 1.0

New Mexico............................................... 26,154 28,570 27,942 24,827 22,378 −8.5 4.0

North Dakota ............................................. 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 −6.0 .3

Ohio............................................................ 24,345 28,749 28,315 29,550 30,023 −15.3 −5.1

Oklahoma ................................................... 2,158 1,925 2,309 1,954 1,867 12.1 3.7

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 62,240 61,508 58,990 67,649 65,454 1.2 −1.3

Anthracite................................................ 3,994 4,700 3,331 3,554 3,182 −15.0 5.8

Bituminous .............................................. 58,246 56,808 55,659 64,095 62,272 2.5 −1.7

Tennessee ................................................... 2,627 2,547 2,577 2,837 4,274 3.1 −11.4

Texas .......................................................... 52,832 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 1.1 −.7

Utah............................................................ 25,521 23,225 22,243 21,052 21,444 9.9 4.4

Virginia ...................................................... 34,024 38,548 41,639 45,728 43,495 −11.7 −5.9

Washington ................................................ 4,863 4,877 4,714 5,283 5,096 −.3 −1.2

West Virginia Total ................................... 165,187 158,985 135,818 163,723 165,576 3.9 −.1

Northern .................................................. 42,615 45,535 37,100 50,646 52,633 −6.4 −5.1

Southern .................................................. 122,572 113,449 98,718 113,077 112,943 8.0 2.1

Wyoming.................................................... 263,601 235,540 211,713 190,260 194,407 11.9 7.9

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 434,984 441,805 421,508 458,645 457,735 −1.5 −1.3

Interior Total1.......................................... 166,380 176,208 167,836 195,057 193,030 −5.6 −3.6

Western Total1......................................... 428,966 404,510 370,102 344,945 343,381 6.0 5.7

East of Miss. River .................................. 542,182 559,334 528,525 590,624 588,527 −3.1 −2.0

West of Miss. River ................................. 488,148 463,190 430,920 408,023 405,619 5.4 4.7

U.S. Total .................................................. 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 994,146 .8 .9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: See Technical Note 1 for the difference between production and distribution. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 91 
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995

Domestic

Alabama ..................................................... 19,127 19,220 19,668 19,560 20,667 −0.5 −1.9

Alaska......................................................... 815 789 855 797 811 3.3 .1

Arizona....................................................... 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 −1.9 −2.3

Arkansas..................................................... 11 28 25 29 1 −59.2 112.9

California ................................................... −−− 142 23 − −

Colorado..................................................... 24,734 24,059 20,338 18,195 17,132 2.8 9.6

Illinois ........................................................ 45,170 51,737 41,330 57,670 57,290 −12.7 −5.8

Indiana........................................................ 25,625 30,477 29,475 31,216 31,204 −15.9 −4.8

Iowa............................................................ − 46 175 287 350 −100.0 −

Kansas ........................................................ 291 282 345 354 424 3.3 −9.0

Kentucky Total .......................................... 141,771 151,963 150,874 147,825 142,811 −6.7 −.2

Eastern..................................................... 108,781 117,234 115,723 106,372 102,416 −7.2 1.5

Western ................................................... 32,990 34,729 35,151 41,453 40,395 −5.0 −4.9

Louisiana.................................................... 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 −1.1 2.1

Maryland .................................................... 3,382 3,277 3,278 3,246 3,594 3.2 −1.5

Missouri ..................................................... 464 679 638 2,795 2,203 −31.7 −32.3

Montana ..................................................... 39,362 41,672 35,795 38,804 37,812 −5.5 1.0

New Mexico............................................... 25,640 28,540 27,942 24,823 22,378 −10.2 3.5

North Dakota ............................................. 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 −6.0 .3

Ohio............................................................ 24,318 28,688 28,315 29,549 30,001 −15.2 −5.1

Oklahoma ................................................... 2,158 1,925 2,297 1,940 1,867 12.1 3.7

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 53,961 55,207 53,482 61,208 58,151 −2.3 −1.8

Anthracite................................................ 3,497 4,346 3,015 3,230 2,821 −19.5 5.5

Bituminous .............................................. 50,464 50,861 50,467 57,979 55,330 −.8 −2.3

Tennessee ................................................... 2,627 2,547 2,577 2,835 4,243 3.1 −11.3

Texas .......................................................... 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 1.1 −.7

Utah............................................................ 21,591 20,527 19,283 18,792 19,358 5.2 2.8

Virginia ...................................................... 24,283 26,866 27,388 28,504 25,390 −9.6 −1.1

Washington ................................................ 4,756 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 .5 −.7

West Virginia Total ................................... 120,866 122,779 102,659 112,917 111,785 −1.6 2.0

Northern .................................................. 36,073 39,985 34,573 44,093 45,586 −9.8 −5.7

Southern .................................................. 84,793 82,794 68,086 68,824 66,199 2.4 6.4

Wyoming.................................................... 261,333 234,016 210,739 188,983 193,425 11.7 7.8

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 357,344 375,819 353,089 364,191 356,247 −4.9 .1

Interior Total1.......................................... 162,947 175,622 166,763 193,400 191,126 −7.2 −3.9

Western Total1......................................... 420,132 398,402 364,083 339,676 338,508 5.4 5.5

East of Miss. River .................................. 461,128 492,762 459,045 494,530 485,136 −6.4 −1.3

West of Miss. River ................................. 479,294 457,081 424,890 402,737 400,746 4.9 4.6

U.S. Total .................................................. 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 −1.0 1.5

Foreign

Alabama ..................................................... 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 33.2 −3.7

Alaska......................................................... 855 716 743 734 672 19.3 6.2

Arkansas ..................................................... −−− 3 −− −

Colorado..................................................... 900 752 1,128 669 625 19.8 9.6

Illinois ........................................................ 2,699 236 670 1,242 1,263 NM 20.9

Indiana........................................................ 70 206 188 177 208 −66.2 −23.9

Kentucky Total .......................................... 9,695 7,167 9,521 14,036 15,478 35.3 −11.0

Eastern..................................................... 9,051 7,023 9,318 13,815 15,046 28.9 −11.9

Western ................................................... 645 144 204 221 433 348.8 10.5

Maryland .................................................... 188 184 295 234 178 2.5 1.4

Montana ..................................................... 259 243 121 62 306 6.4 −4.1

New Mexico............................................... 514 30 − 5 − NM −

Ohio ............................................................ 28 61 − 2 22 −54.7 5.9

Oklahoma ................................................... − − 11 14 −− −

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 8,279 6,301 5,508 6,440 7,303 31.4 3.2

Anthracite................................................ 497 354 316 324 361 40.4 8.3

Bituminous .............................................. 7,782 5,947 5,192 6,116 6,942 30.9 2.9

Tennessee ................................................... −−− 2 31 − −

Texas .......................................................... 20 − − − −− −

Utah............................................................ 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 45.7 17.2

Virginia ...................................................... 9,742 11,683 14,251 17,224 18,105 −16.6 −14.3

Washington ................................................ 107 146 94 264 202 −26.5 −14.7

West Virginia Total ................................... 44,321 36,205 33,159 50,806 53,791 22.4 −4.7

Northern .................................................. 6,542 5,550 2,527 6,553 7,047 17.9 −1.8

Southern .................................................. 37,779 30,655 30,632 44,254 46,744 23.2 −5.2

Wyoming .................................................... 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 982 48.9 23.3

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995

Foreign

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 77,640 65,986 68,419 94,454 101,488 17.7 −6.5

Interior Total1.......................................... 3,433 586 1,073 1,657 1,904 485.9 15.9

Western Total1......................................... 8,834 6,108 6,018 5,269 4,873 44.6 16.0

East of Miss. River .................................. 81,054 66,572 69,481 96,094 103,392 21.8 −5.9

West of Miss. River ................................. 8,854 6,108 6,030 5,286 4,873 44.9 16.1

U.S. Total .................................................. 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 23.7 −4.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Table 60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1995

Company Name

Top Ten Distributors

Atlantic Richfield Co. Kerr-McGee Coal Corp.

A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. North American Coal Corp.

Consol Energy Inc. Peabody Holding Co.

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. Texas Utilities Mining Co.

Kennecott Energy Co. Zeigler Coal Holding Co.

Other Major Distributors

AEP Service Corp. Knife River Coal Mining Co.

Aluminum Co. of America Mapco Coal Inc.

American Coal Sales, Inc. Marigold Land Corp.

American Eagle Coal Co. Montana Power Co.

American Metals & Coal Monterey Coal Co.

Andalex Resources Inc. Mincorp, Inc.

Anker Energy Corp. Minnesota Power & Light

Arch Mineral Corp. Pardee Coal Co., Inc.

Ashland Coal Inc. Pen Holdings

Bethlehem Steel Corp. Phibro Energy Inc.

BHP Minerals Int ’l Quaker Coal Co.

Black Beauty Coal Co. Rheinbraun Thyssen Energy

Blue Diamond Coal Co. Rochester & Pittsburgh Co.

Central Coal Co. San Miguel Electric CoOp.

Chevron Corp. Sun Coal Co.

Coal Arbed Int ’l Trading Co. Teco Coal Corp.

Costain America Inc. The Coastal Corp.

Dolet Hills Mining Venture The Pittston Co.

Drummond Co. TMPA

Electric Fuels Corp. Transco Energy Inc.

General Dynamics Corp. United Coal Co.

Golden Oak Mining Co. Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc.

James River Coal Co. USX Corp.

Jim Walter Resources, Inc. Westmoreland Coal Co.

Kiewit Coal Properties Wyodak Resources Dev ’t.

Notes: The top 10 distribution companies accounted for 51 percent of the total distribution. Companies are listed in alphabetical order to ensure

nondisclosure of company data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 93 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Appalachian Total ................................... 357,344 375,819 353,089 364,191 356,247 −4.9 0.1

Alabama ................................................. 19,127 19,220 19,668 19,560 20,667 −.5 −1.9

Middle Atlantic.................................... 616 496 492 228 * 24.3 NM

Pennsylvania ..................................... 616 496 492 228 * 24.3 NM

East North Central ............................... −−−− 6 − −

Indiana............................................... − − − − 6 − −

West North Central.............................. −−− 1 −− −

South Dakota..................................... −−− 1 −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 253 89 207 287 112 184.9 22.6

Florida ............................................... 115 85 202 185 69 35.2 13.7

Georgia .............................................. 134 * 1 102 43 NM 32.9

North Carolina .................................. − − − − * − −

South Carolina .................................. 4 3 4 − − 16.6 −

East South Central ............................... 18,182 18,484 18,851 18,918 20,181 −1.6 −2.6

Alabama ............................................ 18,024 18,351 18,716 18,849 20,150 −1.8 −2.8

Mississippi......................................... 156 129 132 68 28 21.2 53.6

Tennessee .......................................... 2 4 3 * 3 −49.3 −11.8

West South Central.............................. 24 63 18 33 5 −61.0 47.7

Arkansas ............................................ 24 60 9 12 5 −59.1 47.7

Texas ................................................. − 3 8 21 * −100.0 −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................ 108,781 117,234 115,723 106,372 102,416 −7.2 1.5

New England ....................................... 1,764 1,447 1,106 2,337 1,572 21.9 2.9

Connecticut ....................................... 811 787 576 837 912 3.0 −2.9

Maine................................................. 258 433 380 771 187 −40.5 8.4

Massachusetts.................................... 695 227 71 729 465 206.2 10.6

New Hampshire ................................ − − 79 − 8 − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 4,145 4,522 3,679 3,901 4,238 −8.3 −.6

New Jersey........................................ 381 63 61 204 36 NM 80.0

New York.......................................... 996 1,288 1,188 1,288 2,040 −22.6 −16.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 2,767 3,171 2,429 2,409 2,162 −12.7 6.4

East North Central ............................... 22,832 24,669 25,309 21,902 23,622 −7.4 −.8

Illinois ............................................... 1,442 1,555 2,333 1,575 1,766 −7.2 −4.9

Indiana............................................... 2,397 2,109 2,074 2,645 2,299 13.7 1.0

Michigan ........................................... 6,977 9,524 8,857 8,083 8,648 −26.8 −5.2

Ohio................................................... 11,200 10,532 11,294 8,648 9,915 6.3 3.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 816 949 751 951 995 −14.0 −4.8

West North Central.............................. 611 564 482 444 641 8.4 −1.2

Iowa................................................... 160 40 25 65 232 298.0 −8.8

Kansas ............................................... −−− 5 15 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 211 172 124 125 184 22.7 3.5

Missouri............................................. 238 351 334 249 211 −32.3 3.0

Nebraska............................................ 3 − − − −− −

South Dakota..................................... − 1 − − − −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 57,820 60,914 57,532 52,997 50,747 −5.1 3.3

Delaware ........................................... − 37 27 − 52 −100.0 −

District of Columbia ......................... − 13 16 18 47 −100.0 −

Florida ............................................... 12,121 12,069 11,311 12,584 11,302 .4 1.8

Georgia.............................................. 15,803 15,649 14,163 11,770 12,277 1.0 6.5

Maryland ........................................... 29 423 958 296 449 −93.2 −49.7

North Carolina .................................. 12,902 13,590 13,491 12,517 11,334 −5.1 3.3

South Carolina .................................. 10,007 11,443 9,962 9,847 9,587 −12.5 1.1

Virginia ............................................. 6,129 6,539 6,672 5,246 4,872 −6.3 5.9

West Virginia.................................... 829 1,151 932 721 826 −28.0 .1

East South Central ............................... 20,332 22,813 26,008 22,917 19,666 −10.9 .8

Alabama ............................................ 1,434 2,402 2,320 2,703 2,164 −40.3 −9.8

Kentucky ........................................... 9,653 10,317 10,145 10,486 8,563 −6.4 3.0

Mississippi......................................... 815 1,006 1,731 1,616 2,105 −18.9 −21.1

Tennessee .......................................... 8,430 9,088 11,811 8,112 6,835 −7.3 5.4

West South Central.............................. 513 802 104 95 237 −36.0 21.3

Arkansas............................................ − * − − − −100.0 −

Louisiana ........................................... 500 791 104 95 235 −36.8 20.7

Oklahoma .......................................... 4 − − − −− −

Texas ................................................. 8 10 − − 1 −15.5 62.1

Mountain .............................................. 2 10 − 2 − −80.3 −

Idaho .................................................. 2 − − 2 −− −

Wyoming........................................... − 10 − − − −100.0 −

Pacific................................................... 15 15 4 − − 2.0 −

Oregon............................................... 15 15 4 − − 2.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

94 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Maryland................................................ 3,382 3,277 3,278 3,246 3,594 3.2 −1.5

New England ....................................... 32 − 11 − −− −

Connecticut ....................................... 32 − − − −− −

Massachusetts.................................... − − 11 − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 45 − 19 6 22 − 19.3

New York.......................................... −−− 4 8 − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... 45 − 19 2 14 − 34.6

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,297 3,277 3,230 3,166 3,553 .6 −1.8

Delaware ........................................... 97 125 37 − 15 −22.7 59.2

Maryland ........................................... 1,216 1,034 820 1,159 1,363 17.7 −2.8

Virginia ............................................. 12 1 − 1 37 NM −23.6

West Virginia.................................... 1,971 2,116 2,373 2,006 2,139 −6.8 −2.0

Ohio ........................................................ 24,318 28,688 28,315 29,549 30,001 −15.2 −5.1

New England ....................................... − * 17 4 * −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − **1 − −100.0 −

Massachusetts .................................... − − 17 4 * − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 1,568 2,443 1,388 556 934 −35.8 13.8

New York.......................................... 25 124 52 47 45 −79.9 −13.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,543 2,318 1,336 508 889 −33.4 14.8

East North Central ............................... 20,912 24,810 25,119 27,497 27,875 −15.7 −6.9

Illinois ............................................... − 17 * 2 − −100.0 −

Indiana............................................... 243 345 274 134 181 −29.7 7.5

Michigan ........................................... 431 522 474 419 627 −17.4 −8.9

Ohio................................................... 20,228 23,907 24,370 26,941 27,061 −15.4 −7.0

Wisconsin.......................................... 10 18 − − 6 −45.4 12.0

West North Central.............................. 10 33 83 − * −70.2 330.1

Iowa................................................... − 15 67 − − −100.0 −

Missouri ............................................. 10 18 16 − * −44.5 330.1

South Atlantic ...................................... 1,620 971 1,041 1,385 995 66.8 13.0

Delaware ........................................... − 29 48 − − −100.0 −

Florida ............................................... − − − − 172 − −

Maryland ........................................... − − − − 7 − −

South Carolina .................................. − − − − 5 − −

West Virginia.................................... 1,620 942 993 1,385 811 72.0 18.9

East South Central ............................... 53 130 261 − 49 −59.5 2.0

Alabama ............................................ 18 37 151 − 48 −50.5 −21.8

Kentucky ........................................... 14 93 29 − − −85.1 −

Tennessee .......................................... 21 − 81 − * − 354.8

West South Central.............................. −−− * 1 − −

Louisiana ........................................... −−− * 1 − −

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite........................................... 3,497 4,346 3,015 3,230 2,821 −19.5 5.5

New England ....................................... 37 54 64 73 74 −30.6 −15.8

Connecticut ....................................... 8 11 13 14 13 −28.2 −10.3

Maine................................................. 3 6 8 12 11 −50.9 −27.0

Massachusetts.................................... 16 20 24 22 20 −22.2 −5.7

New Hampshire ................................ 5 8 10 14 22 −37.8 −31.1

Rhode Island ..................................... 3 3 3 5 4 −18.4 −10.3

Vermont............................................. 3 5 6 7 5 −42.4 −14.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... 2,922 3,227 2,618 2,916 2,554 −9.4 3.4

New Jersey........................................ 15 17 20 17 18 −13.1 −5.4

New York.......................................... 140 121 179 215 164 15.9 −4.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 2,768 3,089 2,420 2,685 2,371 −10.4 3.9

East North Central ............................... 37 36 39 40 31 1.7 4.5

Illinois ............................................... 9 8 14 8 11 17.8 −4.7

Indiana............................................... 6 4 5 5 5 51.8 1.5

Michigan ........................................... 9 2 * 1 2 269.6 54.4

Ohio................................................... 8 21 19 26 13 −60.2 −10.9

Wisconsin .......................................... 6 2 1 * * 159.4 134.8

West North Central.............................. 46 31 34 35 33 46.4 8.4

Iowa................................................... 39 26 28 27 29 50.2 7.5

Kansas ............................................... − − *6* − −

Minnesota .......................................... 7 3 3 * * 105.2 188.2

Missouri ............................................. * 2 2 * * −90.6 47.6

Nebraska............................................ * * 2 2 4 − −87.2

North Dakota..................................... * * * * * 68.4 7.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 95 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite (Continued)

South Dakota..................................... − * − * * −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 91 79 64 51 39 14.9 23.8

Delaware ........................................... 11 11 11 7 * 4.0 152.3

District of Columbia ......................... * * * * * 215.1 32.3

Florida ............................................... 9 8 6 7 4 13.5 25.2

Georgia .............................................. * * * 1 1 53.3 −13.3

Maryland ........................................... 27 6 4 3 9 323.3 30.7

North Carolina .................................. * * * * * −83.3 24.7

South Carolina .................................. 3 8 11 * 3 −66.4 .3

Virginia ............................................. 9 11 14 13 16 −13.6 −12.7

West Virginia.................................... 31 35 18 20 6 −10.7 49.7

East South Central ............................... 44 28 34 42 44 59.8 .1

Alabama ............................................ 1 1 3 6 1 22.4 17.4

Kentucky ........................................... 21 12 18 24 27 75.3 −6.0

Mississippi......................................... * * * * * −30.0 −36.8

Tennessee .......................................... 22 15 14 12 16 50.4 7.6

West South Central.............................. 12 8 11 10 5 65.6 28.0

Arkansas ............................................ * 1 * 4 3 −81.7 −53.3

Louisiana ........................................... 10 3 8 * * 201.4 264.4

Oklahoma .......................................... * * * 1 * −5.9 10.3

Texas ................................................. 2 3 3 5 1 −44.5 8.4

Mountain .............................................. 13 18 3 * 1 −28.4 116.1

Arizona.............................................. * * * * * −44.4 −23.4

Colorado ............................................ 12 15 3 * * −18.1 137.2

Idaho .................................................. * 3 * − −−94.9 −

Montana ............................................. − * * − −−100.0 −

New Mexico...................................... * * * * − 172.7 −

Utah ................................................... * * * − * NM 149.6

Wyoming........................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

Pacific ................................................... 12 7 10 * * 69.9 173.9

Alaska................................................ − * − − − −100.0 −

California........................................... * * * * * −94.8 −35.4

Oregon ............................................... 12 7 9 − * 81.6 313.9

Washington ....................................... * − − * * − −49.7

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous.......................................... 50,464 50,861 50,467 57,979 55,330 −.8 −2.3

New England ....................................... 1,009 1,025 989 1,124 1,113 −1.5 −2.4

Connecticut ....................................... 516 12 * 131 87 NM 56.1

Maine ................................................. 32 24 2 19 1 32.8 119.2

Massachusetts.................................... 4 292 330 294 290 −98.7 −66.3

New Hampshire ................................ 458 698 656 681 734 −34.4 −11.1

Vermont ............................................. − − * − * − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 37,612 38,188 37,417 43,559 40,806 −1.5 −2.0

New Jersey........................................ 558 537 153 15 23 3.8 121.5

New York.......................................... 3,675 5,551 6,228 8,532 6,893 −33.8 −14.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 33,379 32,100 31,036 35,012 33,889 4.0 −.4

East North Central ............................... 6,682 6,288 6,502 7,466 7,138 6.3 −1.6

Illinois ............................................... − 206 43 69 154 −100.0 −

Indiana............................................... 222 629 505 380 277 −64.8 −5.4

Michigan ........................................... 2,650 1,756 1,607 1,862 1,682 50.9 12.0

Ohio................................................... 2,707 2,769 3,848 3,567 3,411 −2.2 −5.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,103 928 500 1,589 1,615 18.8 −9.1

West North Central.............................. 228 46 205 191 558 397.2 −20.1

Iowa................................................... 227 46 103 162 67 394.8 35.8

Minnesota .......................................... −−− 28 492 − −

Missouri ............................................. 1 − 102 1 −− −

North Dakota..................................... − − * − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,377 3,783 3,955 4,090 4,957 −10.8 −9.1

Delaware ........................................... 452 314 252 226 576 44.1 −5.9

Florida ............................................... − 135 − − 66 −100.0 −

Maryland ........................................... 1,741 2,278 2,372 2,437 2,624 −23.6 −9.7

South Carolina .................................. 6 − − 1 2 − 30.2

Virginia ............................................. 20 55 29 5 71 −63.4 −27.2

West Virginia.................................... 1,157 1,002 1,302 1,421 1,616 15.5 −8.0

East South Central ............................... 1,078 993 772 83 6 8.5 263.2

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous (Continued)

Alabama ............................................ 39 34 46 1 * 15.7 261.4

Kentucky ........................................... 363 460 225 31 − −21.0 −

Mississippi......................................... − − 3 6 −− −

Tennessee .......................................... 675 500 498 46 6 35.2 226.2

West South Central.............................. 6 − **2 − 36.2

Texas ................................................. 6 − **2 − 36.2

Mountain .............................................. 215 183 240 290 265 16.9 −5.1

Utah ................................................... 215 183 240 290 265 16.9 −5.1

Pacific................................................... − − − − * − −

California........................................... − − − − * − −

Tennessee ............................................... 2,627 2,547 2,577 2,835 4,243 3.1 −11.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... − − − − 5 − −

New York.......................................... − − − − 5 − −

East North Central ............................... * 1 * 24 63 −82.8 −76.0

Illinois ............................................... − 1 − − 29 −100.0 −

Indiana ............................................... − − *32 − −

Michigan ........................................... * − − 21 31 − −78.8

Ohio................................................... * − − − 1 − −41.1

South Atlantic ...................................... 251 301 303 387 820 −16.7 −25.6

Florida ............................................... 39 40 − − 242 −2.7 −36.5

Georgia.............................................. 189 202 204 259 384 −6.6 −16.3

North Carolina .................................. 23 58 96 114 150 −61.4 −37.8

South Carolina .................................. − − 3 13 34 − −

Virginia ............................................. − − * 1 10 − −

East South Central ............................... 2,363 2,223 2,215 2,376 3,292 6.3 −7.9

Alabama ............................................ 936 710 592 734 934 31.8 *

Kentucky ........................................... 5 135 122 39 436 −96.4 −67.6

Tennessee .......................................... 1,422 1,378 1,501 1,603 1,922 3.2 −7.3

Virginia................................................... 24,283 26,866 27,388 28,504 25,390 −9.6 −1.1

New England ....................................... 19 − − 281 886 − −61.7

Maine ................................................. −−− 44 −− −

Massachusetts.................................... −−− 237 693 − −

New Hampshire ................................ 19 − − − 186 − −43.4

Vermont............................................. − − − − 7 − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 2,311 1,490 2,073 2,957 1,812 55.1 6.3

New Jersey........................................ 635 190 359 734 551 234.0 3.6

New York.......................................... 362 156 108 96 128 131.5 29.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,314 1,143 1,607 2,127 1,134 15.0 3.8

East North Central ............................... 3,557 2,455 3,475 3,794 2,574 44.9 8.4

Illinois ............................................... 578 302 260 478 380 91.2 11.1

Indiana............................................... 2,395 1,202 2,045 2,240 1,339 99.2 15.6

Michigan ........................................... 83 376 188 68 34 −78.0 24.6

Ohio................................................... 493 488 875 940 772 .9 −10.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 9 86 108 68 50 −89.5 −34.7

West North Central.............................. 8 − − * −− −

Missouri............................................. 8 − − − −− −

North Dakota..................................... −−− * −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 14,600 18,898 18,553 16,839 16,290 −22.7 −2.7

Delaware ........................................... 152 203 155 208 137 −25.2 2.5

Florida ............................................... 377 531 457 451 455 −28.9 −4.6

Georgia.............................................. 2,064 3,038 3,496 2,779 3,219 −32.1 −10.5

Maryland ........................................... 392 90 8 79 115 337.2 36.0

North Carolina .................................. 4,056 5,634 5,867 5,207 4,520 −28.0 −2.7

South Carolina .................................. 1,468 1,604 1,663 1,356 1,523 −8.5 −.9

Virginia ............................................. 5,657 6,867 6,076 6,082 5,457 −17.6 .9

West Virginia.................................... 433 930 832 677 864 −53.4 −15.8

East South Central ............................... 3,413 3,658 3,026 3,432 3,312 −6.7 .8

Alabama ............................................ 1,083 1,156 887 1,017 763 −6.3 9.1

Kentucky ........................................... 142 41 1 * − 249.8 −

Tennessee .......................................... 2,187 2,462 2,138 2,415 2,549 −11.1 −3.8

West South Central.............................. 21 − 2 2 10 − 20.5

Louisiana ........................................... 21 − − − −− −

Texas ................................................. − − 2 2 10 − −

Mountain .............................................. 313 320 103 192 198 −2.3 12.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 97 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Virginia (Continued)

Colorado ............................................ − − * − * − −

Utah ................................................... 313 320 103 192 198 −2.3 12.1

West Virginia, Northern ...................... 36,073 39,985 34,573 44,093 45,586 −9.8 −5.7

New England ....................................... 918 1,086 1,002 2,776 2,216 −15.4 −19.8

Connecticut ....................................... 572 166 − * − 245.5 −

Maine................................................. 9 − − − −− −

Massachusetts.................................... 113 648 613 2,379 1,965 −82.6 −51.1

New Hampshire ................................ 225 272 389 397 251 −17.5 −2.8

Middle Atlantic.................................... 13,740 12,566 9,769 13,804 15,039 9.3 −2.2

New Jersey........................................ 1,182 1,096 1,234 1,213 1,094 7.9 2.0

New York.......................................... 4,040 3,079 1,336 2,530 3,393 31.2 4.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,518 8,391 7,200 10,061 10,553 1.5 −5.2

East North Central ............................... 2,887 5,924 4,220 5,803 6,435 −51.3 −18.2

Illinois ............................................... 51 23 44 − − 116.9 −

Indiana ............................................... 38 1,060 216 70 313 −96.4 −40.8

Michigan ........................................... 437 392 113 114 81 11.4 52.5

Ohio................................................... 1,977 4,098 3,659 5,365 5,513 −51.8 −22.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 384 350 188 254 528 9.7 −7.6

West North Central.............................. 3 12 54 9 20 −72.6 −37.1

Iowa................................................... − 2 − − 1 −100.0 −

Minnesota .......................................... 3 10 − 9 19 −67.9 −36.4

Missouri............................................. − − 54 − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 17,213 19,270 17,772 20,988 21,434 −10.7 −5.3

Delaware ........................................... 737 969 1,096 1,111 714 −24.0 .8

District of Columbia ......................... 5 10 12 6 9 −43.2 −11.9

Florida ............................................... 259 449 580 452 454 −42.3 −13.1

Maryland ........................................... 3,341 3,443 4,314 3,466 4,425 −3.0 −6.8

North Carolina .................................. − 7 − * 2 −100.0 −

South Carolina .................................. − 1 − − − −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. 30 75 306 243 276 −59.9 −42.7

West Virginia.................................... 12,841 14,316 11,464 15,710 15,553 −10.3 −4.7

East South Central ............................... 1,178 492 749 167 53 139.4 117.3

Alabama ............................................ 604 34 27 − * NM NM

Kentucky ........................................... 527 160 130 4 9 229.1 176.4

Mississippi......................................... − 5 5 4 13 −100.0 −

Tennessee .......................................... 46 293 589 159 31 −84.1 10.6

West South Central.............................. − 368 154 − −−100.0 −

Louisiana ........................................... − 368 154 − − −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. * − − − −− −

Nevada............................................... * − − − −− −

Pacific................................................... − − * * * − −

California........................................... − − * * * − −

West Virginia,

Southern.............................................. 84,793 82,794 68,086 68,824 66,199 2.4 6.4

New England ....................................... 1,404 1,351 917 1,109 416 3.9 35.5

Connecticut ....................................... − − 106 21 * − −

Maine................................................. − * 14 20 11 −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... 1,330 1,351 739 971 304 −1.6 44.6

New Hampshire ................................ 74 − 58 97 101 − −7.5

Rhode Island ..................................... − − * − −− −

Vermont............................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 7,170 6,738 6,965 5,160 4,570 6.4 11.9

New Jersey........................................ 165 260 343 250 155 −36.4 1.6

New York.......................................... 1,466 1,345 1,860 1,265 980 9.0 10.6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 5,538 5,133 4,763 3,644 3,434 7.9 12.7

East North Central ............................... 28,905 27,503 22,906 25,560 24,205 5.1 4.5

Illinois ............................................... 1,400 1,403 1,971 1,472 1,668 −.2 −4.3

Indiana............................................... 5,142 4,918 3,401 4,920 4,131 4.5 5.6

Michigan ........................................... 4,416 5,903 4,048 6,120 6,951 −25.2 −10.7

Ohio................................................... 17,566 14,802 12,485 12,457 11,163 18.7 12.0

Wisconsin.......................................... 381 478 1,002 592 293 −20.4 6.8

West North Central.............................. 313 237 223 364 253 32.2 5.5

Iowa................................................... 119 70 69 77 39 71.3 32.1

Kansas ............................................... −−− 34 60 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 107 92 11 24 22 17.2 49.2

See footnotes at end of table.

98 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

West Virginia,

Southern (Continued)

Missouri............................................. 85 70 142 228 126 21.6 −9.3

North Dakota..................................... * * − − 1 92.6 −52.9

South Dakota..................................... 2 6 − − 5 −73.8 −25.6

South Atlantic ...................................... 36,164 36,045 26,459 28,512 28,761 .3 5.9

Delaware ........................................... 485 621 617 361 723 −21.9 −9.5

District of Columbia ......................... − 24 23 27 10 −100.0 −

Florida ............................................... 1,341 1,372 817 1,010 1,507 −2.3 −2.9

Georgia.............................................. 4,159 4,106 2,958 2,477 2,517 1.3 13.4

Maryland ........................................... 3,209 2,855 1,376 2,296 1,721 12.4 16.9

North Carolina .................................. 7,169 6,910 6,167 7,963 6,047 3.8 4.3

South Carolina .................................. 257 394 107 121 178 −34.7 9.6

Virginia ............................................. 3,367 3,188 2,971 3,323 4,420 5.6 −6.6

West Virginia.................................... 16,177 16,575 11,423 10,934 11,638 −2.4 8.6

East South Central ............................... 10,433 10,551 10,095 7,054 7,469 −1.1 8.7

Alabama ............................................ 3,487 4,392 3,736 2,362 2,335 −20.6 10.5

Kentucky ........................................... 5,330 4,744 4,704 3,755 4,062 12.3 7.0

Mississippi......................................... 44 93 87 34 4 −52.4 86.8

Tennessee .......................................... 1,571 1,322 1,569 904 1,067 18.8 10.1

West South Central.............................. 48 60 49 22 31 −19.8 11.5

Louisiana ........................................... − 4 2 − 14 −100.0 −

Oklahoma .......................................... 48 56 48 22 18 −13.3 28.9

Texas ................................................. − 1 − − − −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. 206 212 135 − 35 −3.0 55.5

Idaho.................................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

Utah ................................................... 206 211 135 − 35 −2.8 55.5

Pacific ................................................... 2 1 * − * 77.3 112.4

California ........................................... − − * − * − −

Oregon............................................... 2 1 − − − 77.3 −

Interior Total............................................ 162,947 175,622 166,763 193,400 191,126 −7.2 −3.9

Arkansas................................................. 11 28 25 29 1 −59.2 112.9

New England ....................................... −−− 13 −− −

Vermont ............................................. −−− 13 −− −

West North Central.............................. − 4 8 11 − −100.0 −

Missouri ............................................. − 4 8 11 − −100.0 −

West South Central.............................. 11 24 17 5 1 −53.1 112.9

Arkansas ............................................ 11 13 12 − 1 −10.0 112.9

Oklahoma .......................................... − *55 − −100.0 −

Texas ................................................. − 12 − − − −100.0 −

Illinois..................................................... 45,170 51,737 41,330 57,670 57,290 −12.7 −5.8

New England ....................................... * − − − * − .6

Connecticut ....................................... * − − − * − .6

Middle Atlantic.................................... * * * * 1 44.5 −10.5

New Jersey........................................ * − − * −− −

New York.......................................... * * * * * 25.8 23.7

Pennsylvania ..................................... * * − − * 108.2 −32.7

East North Central ............................... 25,629 28,299 20,483 28,821 29,022 −9.4 −3.1

Illinois ............................................... 15,587 17,517 15,206 18,167 18,787 −11.0 −4.6

Indiana............................................... 8,559 9,574 4,541 9,595 9,185 −10.6 −1.8

Michigan ........................................... 70 51 − 6 5 37.5 93.1

Ohio................................................... 1 18 − − 73 −95.8 −68.0

Wisconsin .......................................... 1,412 1,139 736 1,053 971 24.0 9.8

West North Central.............................. 6,270 9,448 7,783 13,499 15,470 −33.6 −20.2

Iowa................................................... 1,216 1,535 1,534 1,175 1,473 −20.8 −4.7

Kansas ............................................... 128 193 179 640 1,320 −33.7 −44.2

Minnesota.......................................... 111 179 43 58 40 −38.1 29.0

Missouri............................................. 4,815 7,541 6,027 11,625 12,637 −36.2 −21.4

North Dakota..................................... − − * − * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 6,651 8,403 8,137 10,485 8,811 −20.8 −6.8

Florida ............................................... 6,056 5,846 4,782 5,529 4,464 3.6 7.9

Georgia.............................................. 584 2,557 3,355 4,955 4,347 −77.1 −39.4

Maryland ........................................... 5 − − − −− −

North Carolina .................................. * − − − −− −

South Carolina .................................. −−− 1 −− −

Virginia ............................................. * − * − * − 21.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 99 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Illinois (Continued)

West Virginia.................................... 6 * − − − NM −

East South Central ............................... 6,510 5,453 4,823 4,780 3,681 19.4 15.3

Alabama ............................................ 1,146 750 401 632 474 52.8 24.7

Kentucky ........................................... 274 343 535 7 15 −20.3 106.6

Mississippi......................................... 1,304 1,164 1,106 1,879 1,518 12.0 −3.7

Tennessee .......................................... 3,787 3,195 2,780 2,261 1,673 18.5 22.6

West South Central.............................. 86 46 58 81 99 87.8 −3.5

Arkansas............................................ 76 30 37 81 99 153.0 −6.3

Louisiana ........................................... − − 21 − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 10 16 − − − −37.4 −

Texas ................................................. − − − − * − −

Mountain .............................................. − − − − 201 − −

Montana............................................. − − − − 201 − −

Indiana ................................................... 25,625 30,477 29,475 31,216 31,204 −15.9 −4.8

New England ....................................... − * 21 − − −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... − − 21 − −− −

East North Central ............................... 22,461 27,088 26,347 27,677 27,023 −17.1 −4.5

Illinois ............................................... 963 1,597 1,562 1,021 1,698 −39.7 −13.2

Indiana............................................... 21,185 24,733 23,913 24,655 22,619 −14.3 −1.6

Michigan ........................................... 180 135 184 338 311 33.5 −12.8

Ohio ................................................... 26 36 60 135 * −26.9 340.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 106 587 628 1,528 2,394 −81.9 −54.1

West North Central.............................. 454 973 1,249 756 1,289 −53.3 −23.0

Iowa................................................... 435 426 646 746 1,027 2.0 −19.3

Kansas ............................................... − − 18 − 6 − −

Minnesota.......................................... − 43 − − 91 −100.0 −

Missouri ............................................. 19 504 585 11 165 −96.1 −41.4

South Atlantic ...................................... − 19 264 548 316 −100.0 −

Florida ............................................... − − 96 − 171 − −

Georgia.............................................. − 19 153 548 144 −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. − − 15 − −− −

East South Central ............................... 2,586 2,313 1,506 2,071 2,401 11.8 1.9

Alabama ............................................ 1 56 60 127 127 −98.2 −70.3

Kentucky ........................................... 2,466 2,219 1,313 1,694 2,039 11.1 4.9

Mississippi ......................................... −−− 3 24 − −

Tennessee .......................................... 119 38 132 247 210 211.0 −13.3

West South Central.............................. 1 4 1 − 2 −75.2 −14.4

Oklahoma .......................................... − 3 1 − 2 −100.0 −

Texas ................................................. 1 * − − * 84.3 148.0

Iowa ........................................................ − 46 175 287 350 −100.0 −

West North Central.............................. − 46 175 287 350 −100.0 −

Iowa................................................... − 46 175 287 347 −100.0 −

Missouri............................................. − − − − 2 − −

Kansas .................................................... 291 282 345 354 424 3.3 −9.0

West North Central.............................. 291 282 345 345 424 3.3 −9.0

Kansas ............................................... 160 165 167 165 136 −2.9 4.3

Missouri............................................. 131 117 178 181 288 12.1 −17.9

Kentucky, Western ............................... 32,990 34,729 35,151 41,453 40,395 −5.0 −4.9

New England ....................................... − − − − * − −

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − * − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... − *** − −100.0 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − *** − −100.0 −

East North Central ............................... 542 2,762 4,169 4,346 5,204 −80.4 −43.2

Illinois ............................................... − 192 659 214 470 −100.0 −

Indiana............................................... 243 2,214 3,229 3,275 3,482 −89.0 −48.6

Michigan ........................................... − 12 28 8 74 −100.0 −

Ohio................................................... 103 180 146 514 786 −42.6 −39.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 196 165 108 336 391 18.9 −15.9

West North Central.............................. 101 1,170 352 896 1,027 −91.4 −44.1

Iowa................................................... 75 377 217 271 383 −80.1 −33.4

Kansas ............................................... − − − − 3 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 19 26 32 27 2 −27.1 84.3

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Kentucky, Western (Continued)

Missouri............................................. 6 766 102 598 640 −99.2 −68.6

South Atlantic ...................................... 2,375 2,709 3,040 5,260 5,849 −12.3 −20.2

Florida ............................................... 2,375 2,706 3,039 3,910 4,472 −12.2 −14.6

Georgia.............................................. −−− 1,350 1,358 − −

North Carolina .................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

South Carolina .................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. −−− * −− −

West Virginia.................................... − 3 1 * 19 −100.0 −

East South Central ............................... 29,927 28,048 27,512 30,682 27,911 6.7 1.8

Alabama ............................................ 1,717 2,038 1,761 2,310 1,627 −15.8 1.3

Kentucky ........................................... 17,488 16,401 17,990 17,455 16,268 6.6 1.8

Mississippi......................................... − − 10 190 169 − −

Tennessee .......................................... 10,723 9,609 7,751 10,727 9,847 11.6 2.1

West South Central.............................. 13 8 12 204 311 58.8 −54.7

Arkansas ............................................ 13 8 12 8 11 58.8 4.6

Louisiana ........................................... −−− 196 300 − −

Louisiana................................................ 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 −1.1 2.1

West North Central.............................. − − * − −− −

Missouri ............................................. − − * − −− −

West South Central.............................. 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 −1.1 2.1

Louisiana ........................................... 3,426 3,463 3,103 3,208 3,151 −1.1 2.1

Missouri.................................................. 464 679 638 2,795 2,203 −31.7 −32.3

East North Central ............................... −−−− * − −

Illinois ............................................... − − − − * − −

West North Central.............................. 464 679 614 2,783 2,183 −31.7 −32.1

Kansas ............................................... 91 77 23 54 19 18.6 48.3

Missouri............................................. 373 602 592 2,729 2,164 −38.1 −35.6

West South Central.............................. − − 2 − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... − − 2 − −− −

Oklahoma............................................... 2,158 1,925 2,297 1,940 1,867 12.1 3.7

West North Central.............................. 31 27 57 83 23 18.3 8.4

Kansas ............................................... 31 22 41 73 23 43.2 8.4

Missouri............................................. * 5 16 10 * −95.3 19.4

East South Central ............................... 2 − − − −− −

Kentucky ........................................... 2 − − − −− −

West South Central.............................. 2,121 1,896 2,240 1,857 1,841 11.8 3.6

Arkansas............................................ 159 205 196 130 94 −22.4 13.9

Oklahoma .......................................... 1,790 1,532 1,869 1,601 1,569 16.9 3.3

Texas ................................................. 171 159 175 126 178 7.4 −.9

Pacific ................................................... − * * − −−100.0 −

California ........................................... − * * − −−100.0 −

Texas....................................................... 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 1.1 −.7

West South Central.............................. 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 1.1 −.7

Texas ................................................. 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 1.1 −.7

Western Total........................................... 420,132 398,402 364,083 339,676 338,508 5.4 5.5

Alaska ..................................................... 815 789 855 797 811 3.3 .1

Pacific................................................... 815 789 855 797 811 3.3 .1

Alaska................................................ 815 789 855 797 811 3.3 .1

Arizona ................................................... 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 −1.9 −2.3

Mountain .............................................. 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 −1.9 −2.3

Arizona.............................................. 6,956 7,580 7,566 7,441 7,869 −8.2 −3.0

Nevada............................................... 4,827 4,431 4,572 4,977 5,064 8.9 −1.2

California ............................................... −−− 142 23 − −

Pacific ................................................... −−− 142 23 − −

California ........................................... −−− 142 23 − −

Colorado................................................. 24,734 24,059 20,338 18,195 17,132 2.8 9.6

East North Central ............................... 2,333 2,357 2,471 1,322 1,033 −1.0 22.6

Illinois ............................................... 1,628 1,439 1,246 518 460 13.1 37.1

Indiana............................................... 20 457 978 794 573 −95.6 −56.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 101 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Colorado (Continued)

Michigan ........................................... 44 − − − −− −

Ohio................................................... − − − − * − −

Wisconsin .......................................... 641 462 246 10 − 38.9 −

West North Central.............................. 3,109 2,194 871 1,013 445 41.7 62.6

Iowa................................................... 550 171 135 122 − 221.5 −

Kansas ............................................... 1,436 1,148 90 298 − 25.2 −

Minnesota.......................................... 13 23 8 − − −44.5 −

Missouri............................................. 1,005 775 566 526 386 29.6 27.0

Nebraska............................................ 104 77 72 67 59 36.0 15.1

South Atlantic ...................................... 811 435 44 181 − 86.3 −

Florida ............................................... 811 423 − 181 − 91.8 −

Georgia.............................................. − 11 44 − − −100.0 −

West Virginia.................................... − 2 − − − −100.0 −

East South Central ............................... 2,797 2,038 711 − − 37.2 −

Kentucky ........................................... 1,098 710 − − − 54.7 −

Mississippi......................................... 963 735 170 − − 30.9 −

Tennessee .......................................... 736 593 541 − − 24.2 −

West South Central.............................. 2,258 2,563 2,628 2,250 2,267 −11.9 −.1

Oklahoma .......................................... 31 26 121 − 58 17.5 −14.8

Texas ................................................. 2,228 2,537 2,507 2,250 2,208 −12.2 .2

Mountain .............................................. 13,353 14,362 13,497 13,369 13,229 −7.0 .2

Arizona.............................................. 105 219 117 226 868 −51.8 −41.0

Colorado............................................ 11,820 12,035 11,181 11,241 10,911 −1.8 2.0

Idaho.................................................. 3 − − − 12 − −28.6

Montana............................................. − − − − 6 − −

Nevada............................................... 161 306 514 169 − −47.4 −

New Mexico...................................... 97 84 84 69 64 15.3 11.1

Utah ................................................... 1,113 1,714 1,598 1,604 1,300 −35.0 −3.8

Wyoming........................................... 53 4 3 60 67 NM −5.6

Pacific................................................... 37 73 80 60 158 −49.0 −30.2

California........................................... 1 22 33 24 107 −95.8 −69.7

Washington ....................................... 36 52 47 37 50 −29.5 −7.8

Montana ................................................. 39,362 41,672 35,795 38,804 37,812 −5.5 1.0

East North Central ............................... 16,582 17,875 15,841 15,717 16,771 −7.2 −.3

Illinois ............................................... 2,713 4,338 3,295 3,013 3,203 −37.5 −4.1

Indiana............................................... 720 749 433 451 725 −3.8 −.2

Michigan ........................................... 11,014 10,481 10,055 10,376 10,838 5.1 .4

Wisconsin.......................................... 2,135 2,307 2,057 1,878 2,005 −7.4 1.6

West North Central.............................. 11,338 10,668 9,411 9,152 10,243 6.3 2.6

Iowa................................................... 2 * 1 − − NM −

Minnesota.......................................... 10,199 10,038 8,852 8,566 9,668 1.6 1.3

Missouri............................................. 6 − − − −− −

Nebraska............................................ 205 71 136 142 150 190.5 8.1

North Dakota..................................... 469 559 422 444 425 −16.2 2.5

South Dakota..................................... 457 − − − −− −

East South Central ............................... 1,234 1,314 178 84 105 −6.1 84.9

Mississippi ......................................... 1,234 1,314 178 82 105 −6.1 84.9

Tennessee .......................................... −−− 2 −− −

Mountain .............................................. 9,611 10,718 9,233 11,276 10,687 −10.3 −2.6

Colorado............................................ 63 89 86 106 101 −29.1 −11.1

Montana............................................. 9,477 10,581 9,115 11,159 10,578 −10.4 −2.7

Wyoming........................................... 71 49 31 11 8 45.3 71.4

Pacific................................................... 583 1,097 1,108 2,549 − −46.8 −

Oregon ............................................... − − 355 1,835 −− −

Washington ....................................... 583 1,097 753 715 − −46.8 −

New Mexico ........................................... 25,640 28,540 27,942 24,823 22,378 −10.2 3.5

East North Central ............................... 1,591 1,495 1,392 590 129 6.4 87.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,591 1,495 1,392 590 129 6.4 87.4

West North Central.............................. −−−− 8 − −

Missouri............................................. − − − − 8 − −

West South Central.............................. 160 296 350 216 182 −46.1 −3.3

Oklahoma .......................................... − − 5 − −− −

Texas ................................................. 160 296 345 216 182 −46.1 −3.3

Mountain .............................................. 23,889 26,749 26,201 24,005 21,973 −10.7 2.1

Arizona.............................................. 9,259 11,284 11,263 9,175 8,843 −17.9 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

New Mexico (Continued)

Colorado............................................ − − − − * − −

New Mexico...................................... 14,630 15,464 14,938 14,829 13,130 −5.4 2.7

Pacific................................................... −−− 12 87 − −

California........................................... −−− 12 87 − −

North Dakota......................................... 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 −6.0 .3

East North Central ............................... − * * − −−100.0 −

Wisconsin .......................................... − * * − −−100.0 −

West North Central.............................. 30,113 32,055 32,367 31,702 29,741 −6.1 .3

Minnesota.......................................... − − − − 1 − −

North Dakota..................................... 28,838 29,731 30,215 29,573 27,405 −3.0 1.3

South Dakota..................................... 1,276 2,325 2,153 2,129 2,335 −45.1 −14.0

Mountain .............................................. − − * − −− −

Montana ............................................. − − * − −− −

Utah ........................................................ 21,591 20,527 19,283 18,792 19,358 5.2 2.8

New England ....................................... 17 − − − −− −

Connecticut ....................................... 17 − − − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 20 68 − − − −71.0 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... 20 68 − − − −71.0 −

East North Central ............................... 1,932 656 421 233 10 194.7 269.3

Illinois ............................................... 1,776 369 207 233 10 381.5 261.6

Indiana............................................... − 178 204 − − −100.0 −

Michigan ........................................... 76 66 − − − 15.6 −

Ohio ................................................... − − * − −− −

Wisconsin.......................................... 81 43 10 − − 87.0 −

West North Central.............................. 395 414 382 80 * −4.8 NM

Iowa................................................... − − − − * − −

Kansas ............................................... * 2 − − − −96.5 −

Minnesota.......................................... 1 − − − −− −

Missouri ............................................. 393 412 382 79 − −4.5 −

Nebraska ............................................ − − * * −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... − − 159 32 −− −

Florida ............................................... − − 155 32 −− −

West Virginia.................................... − − 4 − −− −

East South Central ............................... 1,095 218 −−− 402.3 −

Tennessee .......................................... 1,095 218 − − − 402.3 −

West South Central.............................. 4 33 − − −−87.9 −

Texas ................................................. 4 33 − − − −87.9 −

Mountain .............................................. 15,163 15,793 15,456 15,289 16,632 −4.0 −2.3

Arizona.............................................. 80 86 89 101 111 −6.9 −7.9

Colorado............................................ 6 4 14 34 19 40.9 −26.4

Idaho.................................................. 141 59 95 61 89 137.9 12.2

Montana............................................. 9 29 42 42 34 −69.9 −28.6

Nevada............................................... 2,150 2,027 1,781 1,979 2,711 6.1 −5.6

Utah ................................................... 12,755 13,586 13,418 13,035 13,605 −6.1 −1.6

Wyoming........................................... 22 2 18 37 62 NM −22.5

Pacific................................................... 2,965 3,317 2,843 3,143 2,708 −10.6 2.3

California........................................... 2,838 3,074 2,575 2,777 2,556 −7.7 2.6

Oregon............................................... 2 127 123 113 2 −98.8 −.2

Washington ....................................... 126 115 145 253 150 9.0 −4.4

Washington ............................................ 4,756 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 .5 −.7

Pacific................................................... 4,756 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 .5 −.7

Oregon............................................... 2 − − − −− −

Washington ....................................... 4,754 4,731 4,621 5,020 4,894 .5 −.7

Wyoming ................................................ 261,333 234,016 210,739 188,983 193,425 11.7 7.8

New England ....................................... − * 14 − * −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... − − 14 − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... −−− * 9 − −

New York.......................................... − − − − 9 − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... −−− * −− −

East North Central ............................... 55,223 42,685 37,648 30,920 31,402 29.4 15.2

Illinois ............................................... 15,480 9,779 7,593 4,417 4,394 58.3 37.0

Indiana............................................... 18,306 15,417 12,635 11,804 11,967 18.7 11.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 103 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

Wyoming (Continued)

Michigan ........................................... 7,543 4,267 4,487 2,948 2,762 76.8 28.5

Ohio ................................................... −−− 124 45 − −

Wisconsin.......................................... 13,895 13,221 12,934 11,627 12,234 5.1 3.2

West North Central.............................. 77,051 67,523 61,641 52,269 53,239 14.1 9.7

Iowa................................................... 16,955 15,505 15,950 14,056 14,614 9.3 3.8

Kansas ............................................... 14,243 16,490 16,484 13,526 14,016 −13.6 .4

Minnesota.......................................... 8,816 9,911 9,093 8,385 7,531 −11.0 4.0

Missouri............................................. 25,731 16,112 10,815 7,958 7,976 59.7 34.0

Nebraska............................................ 10,065 8,908 8,801 7,882 8,583 13.0 4.1

North Dakota..................................... * − 5 5 * − 182.8

South Dakota..................................... 1,241 597 493 456 519 107.8 24.4

South Atlantic ...................................... 7,432 5,836 938 12 1,128 27.3 60.2

Florida ............................................... − 93 − 12 − −100.0 −

Georgia .............................................. 6,796 4,914 726 − 1,128 38.3 56.7

Maryland ........................................... 636 829 213 − − −23.3 −

East South Central ............................... 2,970 594 317 156 991 400.3 31.6

Alabama ............................................ 2,950 251 − − 115 NM 125.3

Kentucky ........................................... − − 248 1 238 − −

Mississippi ......................................... −−− 83 −− −

Tennessee .......................................... 20 342 68 72 639 −94.2 −58.0

West South Central.............................. 82,918 80,246 76,692 72,339 72,484 3.3 3.4

Arkansas............................................ 14,033 12,184 10,826 11,571 12,268 15.2 3.4

Louisiana ........................................... 10,309 11,215 11,133 10,039 9,690 −8.1 1.6

Oklahoma .......................................... 20,326 17,577 16,726 16,733 15,489 15.6 7.0

Texas ................................................. 38,250 39,270 38,007 33,995 35,036 −2.6 2.2

Mountain .............................................. 32,950 34,935 32,195 33,165 32,177 −5.7 .6

Arizona.............................................. − − 5 − −− −

Colorado............................................ 5,602 5,132 5,538 4,952 5,321 9.2 1.3

Idaho.................................................. 293 337 343 393 455 −13.1 −10.4

Montana............................................. 193 119 37 44 104 62.7 16.6

Nevada............................................... 342 1,014 753 802 797 −66.3 −19.1

Utah ................................................... * − − 586 216 − −88.8

Wyoming........................................... 26,521 28,334 25,519 26,388 25,284 −6.4 1.2

Pacific ................................................... 2,775 2,198 1,271 120 1,982 26.3 8.8

California........................................... − − − − 58 − −

Oregon ............................................... 1,485 2,197 1,270 114 1,892 −32.4 −5.9

Washington ....................................... 1,290 1 1 6 33 NM 151.0

U.S. Total .................................................. 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 −1.0 1.5

New England ....................................... 5,199 4,963 4,141 7,717 6,276 4.8 −4.6

Connecticut ....................................... 1,955 976 695 1,003 1,012 100.3 17.9

Maine................................................. 302 463 405 866 209 −34.8 9.6

Massachusetts.................................... 2,157 2,538 1,840 4,634 3,737 −15.0 −12.8

New Hampshire ................................ 780 978 1,192 1,189 1,302 −20.2 −12.0

Rhode Island ..................................... 3 3 3 5 4 −18.4 −10.3

Vermont............................................. 3 5 6 20 12 −43.0 −30.9

Middle Atlantic.................................... 70,149 69,737 64,421 73,087 69,990 .6 .1

New Jersey........................................ 2,936 2,163 2,169 2,433 1,878 35.7 11.8

New York.......................................... 10,705 11,664 10,950 13,977 13,666 −8.2 −5.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 56,509 55,910 51,302 56,677 54,446 1.1 .9

East North Central ............................... 212,105 214,903 196,343 201,713 202,545 −1.3 1.2

Illinois ............................................... 41,626 38,745 34,433 31,186 33,031 7.4 5.9

Indiana............................................... 59,476 63,589 54,452 60,970 57,105 −6.5 1.0

Michigan ........................................... 33,928 33,487 30,041 30,363 32,046 1.3 1.4

Ohio................................................... 54,310 56,850 56,755 58,716 58,752 −4.5 −1.9

Wisconsin.......................................... 22,766 22,231 20,662 20,477 21,611 2.4 1.3

West North Central.............................. 130,836 126,407 116,337 113,921 115,949 3.5 3.1

Iowa................................................... 19,777 18,259 18,950 16,988 18,212 8.3 2.1

Kansas ............................................... 16,091 18,097 17,002 14,801 15,599 −11.1 .8

Minnesota.......................................... 19,488 20,498 18,166 17,224 18,051 −4.9 1.9

Missouri............................................. 32,821 27,278 19,921 24,207 24,602 20.3 7.5

Nebraska............................................ 10,377 9,055 9,011 8,093 8,796 14.6 4.2

North Dakota..................................... 29,307 30,290 30,642 30,022 27,831 −3.3 1.3

South Dakota..................................... 2,976 2,929 2,646 2,586 2,859 1.6 1.0

South Atlantic ...................................... 151,954 161,029 141,701 145,219 143,809 −5.6 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,933 2,309 2,242 1,913 2,219 −16.3 −3.4

District of Columbia ......................... 6 47 51 50 66 −87.9 −45.8

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change

 and State 1994-1995 1991-1995

U.S. Total (Continued)

Florida ............................................... 23,505 23,757 21,446 24,351 23,378 −1.1 0.1

Georgia.............................................. 29,730 30,497 25,101 24,242 25,418 −2.5 4.0

Maryland ........................................... 10,596 10,959 10,063 9,735 10,712 −3.3 −.3

North Carolina .................................. 24,149 26,199 25,621 25,801 22,054 −7.8 2.3

South Carolina .................................. 11,745 13,454 11,749 11,338 11,332 −12.7 .9

Virginia ............................................. 15,225 16,735 16,084 14,915 15,159 −9.0 .1

West Virginia.................................... 35,065 37,071 29,343 32,874 33,473 −5.4 1.2

East South Central ............................... 104,194 99,350 97,057 92,761 89,160 4.9 4.0

Alabama ............................................ 31,440 30,210 28,698 28,741 28,739 4.1 2.3

Kentucky ........................................... 37,382 35,636 35,461 33,497 31,656 4.9 4.2

Mississippi......................................... 4,516 4,446 3,421 3,965 3,966 1.6 3.3

Tennessee .......................................... 30,856 29,057 29,477 26,559 24,799 6.2 5.6

West South Central.............................. 144,435 142,136 139,664 134,770 134,870 1.6 1.7

Arkansas............................................ 14,317 12,501 11,094 11,807 12,481 14.5 3.5

Louisiana ........................................... 14,267 15,844 14,524 13,539 13,392 −10.0 1.6

Oklahoma .......................................... 22,210 19,210 18,777 18,362 17,136 15.6 6.7

Texas ................................................. 93,642 94,581 95,269 91,062 91,862 −1.0 .5

Mountain .............................................. 107,497 115,311 109,200 110,007 108,329 −6.8 −.2

Arizona.............................................. 16,401 19,169 19,039 16,944 17,691 −14.4 −1.9

Colorado............................................ 17,502 17,274 16,821 16,333 16,352 1.3 1.7

Idaho.................................................. 440 400 438 456 556 9.9 −5.7

Montana............................................. 9,678 10,729 9,194 11,245 10,924 −9.8 −3.0

Nevada............................................... 7,479 7,777 7,621 7,926 8,572 −3.8 −3.3

New Mexico...................................... 14,727 15,549 15,022 14,899 13,194 −5.3 2.8

Utah ................................................... 14,602 16,015 15,493 15,707 15,619 −8.8 −1.7

Wyoming........................................... 26,668 28,399 25,571 26,497 25,421 −6.1 1.2

Pacific................................................... 11,962 12,228 10,791 11,844 10,664 −2.2 2.9

Alaska................................................ 815 789 855 797 811 3.3 .1

California........................................... 2,839 3,096 2,608 2,955 2,833 −8.3 .1

Oregon............................................... 1,518 2,347 1,761 2,062 1,893 −35.3 −5.4

Washington ....................................... 6,790 5,996 5,567 6,030 5,127 13.2 7.3

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 105 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Alabama .................................................... 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 33.2 −3.7

Albania.................................................... −−− 22 63 − −

Argentina ................................................ 306 268 351 170 223 14.4 8.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 574 627 952 856 1,074 −8.3 −14.5

Brazil ....................................................... 564 42 212 − 112 NM 49.7

Bulgaria................................................... 128 35 120 − − 260.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − 46 49 87 − −

Denmark.................................................. 26 − − − −− −

Egypt....................................................... 111 − − − −− −

France...................................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 59 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 89 − −

Italy ......................................................... 930 565 * 138 443 64.7 20.3

Japan ....................................................... 1,358 1,266 2,422 2,536 2,920 7.2 −17.4

Morocco .................................................. − − 43 − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 418 88 − 77 − 374.4 −

Romania .................................................. 492 602 188 199 373 −18.3 7.1

South Africa, Rep of .............................. −−− 229 −− −

Spain ....................................................... 48 27 − − − 80.7 −

Turkey..................................................... 302 137 278 459 386 119.6 −6.0

United Kingdom ..................................... 717 872 1,277 1,197 1,213 −17.8 −12.3

Yugoslavia .............................................. − − − − 29 − −

Alaska........................................................ 855 716 743 734 672 19.3 6.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 855 716 743 734 672 19.3 6.2

Colorado.................................................... 900 752 1,128 669 625 19.8 9.6

China (Taiwan)....................................... 235 134 − − − 75.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. − 46 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 651 395 918 669 625 65.0 1.0

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 177 209 − −−100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... 14 − − − −− −

Illinois........................................................ 2,699 236 670 1,242 1,263 NM 20.9

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−− 58 79 − −

Brazil....................................................... −−− 298 249 − −

Canada .................................................... − − − − 4 − −

Denmark .................................................. 516 − − 45 −− −

France...................................................... 57 − − − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 722 − − − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... − − 108 213 225 − −

Italy ......................................................... 42 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 49 236 109 53 59 −79.2 −4.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. −−− 50 34 − −

Morocco .................................................. 775 − 452 350 464 − 13.7

United Kingdom ..................................... 538 − − 175 148 − 38.0

Kentucky ................................................... 9,695 7,167 9,521 14,036 15,478 35.3 −11.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 363 583 601 651 973 −37.7 −21.9

Brazil....................................................... 52 29 478 110 77 82.0 −9.3

Canada .................................................... 777 1,099 1,416 2,078 1,560 −29.3 −16.0

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,376 3,260 4,419 3,758 4,329 −27.1 −13.9

Denmark.................................................. − − 40 193 779 − −

Finland .................................................... − − 2 − −− −

France...................................................... 260 196 446 1,764 2,304 32.7 −42.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 186 − − − −− −

Greece ..................................................... − − − − 91 − −

Honduras................................................. − − − − * − −

Iceland ..................................................... 76 9 − 35 − NM −

Ireland ..................................................... 57 − 19 379 13 − 44.0

Israel........................................................ 215 − − − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 1,698 993 998 930 1,013 71.0 13.8

Jamaica.................................................... 62 32 47 39 59 94.7 1.3

Japan ....................................................... 133 124 328 342 539 7.3 −29.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,509 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 616 331 294 2,229 1,649 86.1 −21.8

Norway.................................................... 140 91 110 110 158 54.6 −2.9

Portugal................................................... − 30 − − 183 −100.0 −

Soviet Union........................................... − − − − 64 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

106 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Kentucky (Continued)

Spain ....................................................... 229 − − 111 170 − 7.8

Sweden.................................................... − 19 238 514 343 −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... 195 − − 170 260 − −6.9

United Kingdom ..................................... 752 371 86 581 835 102.7 −2.6

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 42 79 − −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 8,279 6,301 5,508 6,440 7,303 31.4 3.2

Argentina ................................................ − − 46 − −− −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − 29 − 91 305 −100.0 −

Brazil....................................................... 380 338 156 101 23 12.5 102.3

Bulgaria................................................... − − 71 73 106 − −

Canada .................................................... 713 844 597 1,599 2,338 −15.5 −25.7

Chile ........................................................ −−− 38 206 − −

Costa Rica............................................... −−− * * − −

Croatia..................................................... − − 45 − −− −

Denmark .................................................. 1,589 508 187 1,456 795 212.5 18.9

Dominican Republic............................... 18 65 59 158 201 −71.5 −45.0

Finland .................................................... 544 71 56 − − NM −

France...................................................... − − 188 186 −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 202 197 102 153 29 2.6 62.3

Indonesia ................................................. −−− * −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,161 1,015 911 − − 14.4 −

Israel ........................................................ 995 922 940 1,101 987 7.9 .2

Italy ......................................................... − 601 164 − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 916 834 1,384 931 1,389 9.9 −9.9

Korea, Republic of ................................. 109 214 91 − −−49.1 −

Malaysia .................................................. −−− * * − −

Mexico .................................................... −−− 18 −− −

Morocco .................................................. − − − − 185 − −

Netherlands ............................................. 783 261 − 2 − 199.8 −

Norway.................................................... 28 14 30 49 66 98.9 −19.1

Panama .................................................... −−− * * − −

Paraguay .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Portugal................................................... 472 378 467 305 492 24.9 −1.0

Qatar ........................................................ −−− * −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − * − −− −

Singapore ................................................ − − − − * − −

Spain ....................................................... 18 − − − 130 − −38.8

Surinam ................................................... − − * * −− −

Sweden .................................................... −−− 1 −− −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. − − 122 − −

Turkey..................................................... 43 − − − 11 − 39.6

United Arab Emirates............................. − − * − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 299 − * − * − NM

Venezuela................................................ 9 11 15 39 39 −18.5 −30.1

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 134 −− −

Utah ........................................................... 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 45.7 17.2

Canada .................................................... − − 346 − −− −

Chile........................................................ 117 − − − −− −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 355 321 849 721 506 10.7 −8.5

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 359 433 − −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Japan ....................................................... 2,977 2,377 1,764 1,180 1,147 25.3 26.9

Korea, Republic of ................................. 481 − − − −− −

Mexico .................................................... − − * − −− −

Virginia ..................................................... 9,742 11,683 14,251 17,224 18,105 −16.6 −14.3

Albania.................................................... − − − − 20 − −

Algeria .................................................... 167 250 466 670 427 −33.3 −20.9

Argentina ................................................ − 49 70 − 59 −100.0 −

Austria..................................................... − − − − 104 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 748 822 1,447 2,650 2,473 −8.9 −25.8

Brazil....................................................... 1,096 1,131 2,469 2,826 2,660 −3.1 −19.9

Bulgaria................................................... − − 328 216 349 − −

Canada .................................................... 445 786 1,229 1,331 1,404 −43.4 −25.0

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − − − 13 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 107 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Virginia (Continued)

Croatia..................................................... − − 339 − −− −

Denmark .................................................. −−− 75 −− −

Egypt....................................................... 335 405 316 300 182 −17.3 16.4

France...................................................... 628 523 822 877 1,027 19.9 −11.6

Germany, FR .......................................... 68 9 68 47 22 NM 32.0

Iceland..................................................... − − − − 34 − −

Ireland ..................................................... − − − − 12 − −

Italy ......................................................... 1,480 1,676 1,903 1,688 2,073 −11.7 −8.1

Japan ....................................................... 1,804 1,964 403 632 474 −8.2 39.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. 569 1,287 1,675 1,863 1,974 −55.8 −26.7

Netherlands ............................................. 797 712 546 1,185 1,641 12.0 −16.5

Norway.................................................... − − − − 31 − −

Portugal................................................... 105 85 − 356 298 24.2 −22.9

Romania .................................................. − 207 − 182 61 −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 851 1,205 1,782 1,363 1,344 −29.4 −10.8

Sweden.................................................... 115 34 − − 96 237.0 4.7

Turkey..................................................... − − − − 470 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 534 538 389 910 746 −.7 −8.0

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 55 108 − −

West Virginia ........................................... 44,321 36,205 33,159 50,806 53,792 22.4 −4.7

Albania.................................................... − − − − 20 − −

Algeria .................................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Argentina ................................................ − 35 110 149 113 −100.0 −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,923 2,307 1,911 1,382 1,625 −16.7 4.3

Brazil....................................................... 4,328 4,101 2,101 2,599 3,395 5.5 6.3

Bulgaria................................................... 1,360 1,568 535 547 440 −13.3 32.6

Canada .................................................... 5,784 5,644 4,108 8,911 7,464 2.5 −6.2

Chile........................................................ 118 − − − 27 − 44.4

China (Taiwan)....................................... 355 308 117 250 229 15.3 11.5

Croatia ..................................................... 72 − 52 151 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 189 − 140 2,118 3,640 − −52.3

Egypt....................................................... 714 592 499 492 510 20.6 8.8

Finland .................................................... 792 375 176 183 517 111.4 11.3

France...................................................... 4,408 3,492 3,140 5,991 5,602 26.3 −5.8

Germany, FR .......................................... 997 381 527 847 1,354 161.7 −7.3

Iceland..................................................... −−− 7 5 − −

Ireland ..................................................... − − 97 726 764 − −

Israel........................................................ −−− 185 150 − −

Italy ......................................................... 5,138 3,626 3,476 5,980 7,144 41.7 −7.9

Japan ....................................................... 3,373 2,590 4,437 5,348 5,052 30.2 −9.6

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,171 575 660 514 558 103.6 20.3

Morocco .................................................. 275 101 66 150 182 173.1 10.9

Netherlands ............................................. 3,737 3,333 3,269 4,027 4,175 12.1 −2.7

Nigeria .................................................... − − 36 − −− −

Norway .................................................... −−− 13 −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,390 673 950 850 800 106.6 14.8

Romania .................................................. 1,623 923 598 332 622 75.8 27.1

Slovenia .................................................. −−− 61 −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 946 769 479 361 218 23.0 44.3

Spain ....................................................... 1,083 1,253 1,371 1,611 1,841 −13.5 −12.4

Sweden.................................................... 1,351 885 501 724 758 52.8 15.5

Turkey..................................................... 1,560 1,465 1,137 1,262 707 6.5 21.9

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,633 1,210 2,668 4,649 5,148 34.9 −25.0

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 385 730 − −

Wyoming ................................................... 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 982 48.9 23.3

Canada .................................................... 32 − − − 20 − 11.7

Japan ....................................................... − − * − * − −

Spain ....................................................... 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 791 46.8 29.7

Yugoslavia .............................................. − − − − 170 − −

Major States Total................................... 88,722 71,811 74,801 100,619 107,318 23.5 −4.6

Albania .................................................... −−− 22 103 − −

Algeria .................................................... 167 250 466 670 427 −33.3 −20.9

Argentina ................................................ 306 352 576 319 395 −13.1 −6.1

Austria..................................................... − − − − 104 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

108 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Major States Total (Continued)

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 3,608 4,367 4,911 5,688 6,529 −17.4 −13.8

Brazil....................................................... 6,420 5,641 5,416 5,935 6,517 13.8 −.4

Bulgaria................................................... 1,488 1,604 1,052 836 896 −7.2 13.5

Canada .................................................... 7,750 8,373 7,696 13,919 12,790 −7.4 −11.8

Chile ........................................................ 234 − − 38 233 − .2

China (Taiwan)....................................... 3,321 4,023 5,430 4,778 5,165 −17.5 −10.4

Costa Rica............................................... −−− * * − −

Croatia..................................................... 72 − 437 151 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 2,320 508 366 3,888 5,213 356.2 −18.3

Dominican Republic............................... 18 65 59 158 201 −71.5 −45.0

Egypt....................................................... 1,159 997 814 792 693 16.3 13.7

Finland .................................................... 1,337 445 234 183 517 200.2 26.8

France...................................................... 5,353 4,211 4,595 8,817 8,933 27.1 −12.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 2,234 586 697 1,047 1,405 280.9 12.3

Greece ..................................................... − − − − 91 − −

Honduras................................................. − − − − * − −

Hong Kong ............................................. − 46 − 359 522 −100.0 −

Iceland..................................................... 76 9 − 42 39 NM 17.8

Indonesia ................................................. −−− * * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,218 1,015 1,135 1,318 1,015 20.0 4.7

Israel........................................................ 1,210 922 940 1,287 1,137 31.3 1.6

Italy ......................................................... 9,289 7,462 6,540 8,735 10,674 24.5 −3.4

Jamaica.................................................... 62 32 47 39 59 94.7 1.3

Japan ....................................................... 11,262 9,786 11,765 11,690 12,206 15.1 −2.0

Korea, Republic of ................................. 4,694 2,970 3,378 3,160 3,238 58.1 9.7

Malaysia .................................................. −−− * * − −

Mexico .................................................... − − * 18 −− −

Morocco .................................................. 1,050 101 561 500 831 NM 6.0

Netherlands ............................................. 6,350 4,725 4,109 7,520 7,466 34.4 −4.0

Nigeria .................................................... − − 36 − −− −

Norway.................................................... 168 105 141 172 254 60.6 −9.8

Panama .................................................... −−− * * − −

Paraguay .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,967 1,165 1,417 1,511 1,773 68.8 2.6

Qatar ........................................................ −−− * −− −

Romania .................................................. 2,115 1,732 786 713 1,056 22.1 19.0

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − * − −− −

Singapore ................................................ − − − − * − −

Slovenia .................................................. −−− 61 −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 946 769 479 590 218 23.0 44.3

Soviet Union........................................... − − − − 64 − −

Spain ....................................................... 4,466 4,008 4,127 4,362 4,275 11.4 1.1

Surinam ................................................... − − * * −− −

Sweden.................................................... 1,467 938 738 1,239 1,197 56.3 5.2

Trinidad & Tobago................................. − − 122 − −

Turkey..................................................... 2,114 1,603 1,416 1,891 1,834 31.9 3.6

United Arab Emirates............................. − − * − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 4,471 2,990 4,420 7,512 8,090 49.5 −13.8

Venezuela................................................ 9 11 15 39 39 −18.5 −30.1

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 616 1,116 − −

Other States Total ................................... 1,185 870 709 761 947 36.3 5.8

Brazil....................................................... 188 184 295 − − 2.5 −

Canada .................................................... 273 93 55 * 38 192.3 63.4

France...................................................... −−− 10 39 − −

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 10 −− −

Japan ....................................................... − − − − 202 − −

Mexico .................................................... 498 − 11 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 153 − 52 258 −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... −−− 4 −− −

Unknown................................................. 226 439 348 685 410 −48.4 −13.8

U.S. Total .................................................. 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 23.7 −4.5

Albania .................................................... −−− 22 103 − −

Algeria .................................................... 167 250 466 670 427 −33.3 −20.9

Argentina ................................................ 306 352 576 319 395 −13.1 −6.1

Austria..................................................... − − − − 104 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 109 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

U.S. Total (Continued)

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 3,608 4,367 4,911 5,688 6,529 −17.4 −13.8

Brazil....................................................... 6,609 5,824 5,711 5,935 6,517 13.5 .3

Bulgaria................................................... 1,488 1,604 1,052 836 896 −7.2 13.5

Canada .................................................... 8,023 8,467 7,751 13,919 12,828 −5.2 −11.1

Chile ........................................................ 234 − − 38 233 − .2

China (Taiwan)....................................... 3,321 4,023 5,430 4,778 5,165 −17.5 −10.4

Costa Rica............................................... −−− * * − −

Croatia..................................................... 72 − 437 151 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 2,320 508 366 3,888 5,213 356.2 −18.3

Dominican Republic............................... 18 65 59 158 201 −71.5 −45.0

Egypt....................................................... 1,159 997 814 792 693 16.3 13.7

Finland .................................................... 1,337 445 234 183 517 200.2 26.8

France...................................................... 5,353 4,211 4,595 8,827 8,972 27.1 −12.1

Germany, FR .......................................... 2,234 586 697 1,047 1,405 280.9 12.3

Greece ..................................................... − − − − 91 − −

Honduras................................................. − − − − * − −

Hong Kong ............................................. − 46 − 359 522 −100.0 −

Iceland..................................................... 76 9 − 42 39 NM 17.8

Indonesia ................................................. −−− * * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,218 1,015 1,135 1,328 1,015 20.0 4.7

Israel........................................................ 1,210 922 940 1,287 1,137 31.3 1.6

Italy ......................................................... 9,289 7,462 6,540 8,735 10,674 24.5 −3.4

Jamaica.................................................... 62 32 47 39 59 94.7 1.3

Japan ....................................................... 11,262 9,786 11,765 11,690 12,408 15.1 −2.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 4,694 2,970 3,378 3,160 3,238 58.1 9.7

Malaysia .................................................. −−− * * − −

Mexico .................................................... 498 − 11 18 −− −

Morocco .................................................. 1,050 101 561 500 831 NM 6.0

Netherlands ............................................. 6,350 4,725 4,109 7,520 7,466 34.4 −4.0

Nigeria .................................................... − − 36 − −− −

Norway.................................................... 168 105 141 172 254 60.6 −9.8

Panama .................................................... −−− * * − −

Paraguay .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,967 1,165 1,417 1,511 1,773 68.8 2.6

Qatar ........................................................ −−− * −− −

Romania .................................................. 2,115 1,732 786 713 1,056 22.1 19.0

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − * − −− −

Singapore ................................................ − − − − * − −

Slovenia .................................................. −−− 61 −− −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 946 769 479 590 218 23.0 44.3

Soviet Union........................................... − − − − 64 − −

Spain ....................................................... 4,466 4,162 4,127 4,414 4,533 7.3 −.4

Surinam ................................................... − − * * −− −

Sweden.................................................... 1,467 938 738 1,239 1,197 56.3 5.2

Trinidad & Tobago................................. − − 122 − −

Turkey..................................................... 2,114 1,603 1,416 1,891 1,834 31.9 3.6

United Arab Emirates............................. − − * − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 4,471 2,990 4,420 7,516 8,090 49.5 −13.8

Venezuela................................................ 9 11 15 39 39 −18.5 −30.1

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 616 1,116 − −

Unknown................................................. 226 439 348 685 410 −48.4 −13.8

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1994. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

110 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Alabama .................................................... 5,330 4,359 5,841 5,789 6,476 22.3 −4.8

Albania.................................................... −−− 22 63 − −

Argentina ................................................ 306 268 351 170 223 14.4 8.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 574 627 952 856 1,074 −8.3 −14.5

Brazil ....................................................... 564 42 212 − 112 NM 49.7

Bulgaria................................................... 128 35 120 − − 260.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − 46 49 87 − −

Egypt....................................................... 111 − − − −− −

France...................................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 59 − − − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 314 421 * * − −25.6 −

Japan ....................................................... 1,358 1,266 2,418 2,532 2,917 7.2 −17.4

Netherlands ............................................. 358 88 − 77 − 307.0 −

Romania .................................................. 492 602 188 199 373 −18.3 7.1

South Africa, Rep of .............................. −−− 229 −− −

Spain ....................................................... 48 − − − −− −

Turkey..................................................... 302 137 278 459 386 119.6 −6.0

United Kingdom ..................................... 717 872 1,277 1,197 1,213 −17.8 −12.3

Yugoslavia .............................................. − − − − 29 − −

Illinois........................................................ 49 236 109 614 546 −79.2 −45.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−− 58 79 − −

Brazil....................................................... −−− 298 249 − −

Japan ....................................................... 49 236 109 32 36 −79.2 8.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. −−− 50 34 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... −−− 175 148 − −

Kentucky ................................................... 3,695 2,180 3,310 4,971 4,354 69.5 −4.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − 81 68 − 546 −100.0 −

Brazil....................................................... 52 29 478 110 77 82.0 −9.3

Canada .................................................... 777 1,073 1,356 1,373 1,125 −27.6 −8.8

China (Taiwan)....................................... 76 120 171 139 198 −37.3 −21.4

France...................................................... 260 196 122 202 23 32.7 83.9

Germany, FR .......................................... 92 − − − −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 76 9 − 35 − NM −

Italy ......................................................... − 52 121 22 54 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 133 83 266 342 506 60.1 −28.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,509 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 101 55 294 1,613 866 83.8 −41.5

Norway.................................................... 140 91 110 110 83 54.6 14.0

Soviet Union........................................... − − − − 64 − −

Spain ....................................................... − − − − 29 − −

Sweden.................................................... − 19 238 514 287 −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... −−− 170 260 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 479 371 86 299 156 29.1 32.3

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 42 79 − −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 1,467 1,624 1,919 1,266 1,332 −9.7 2.4

Argentina ................................................ − − 46 − −− −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − 29 − − −−100.0 −

Brazil ....................................................... 371 333 148 90 − 11.5 −

Bulgaria................................................... − − 71 73 106 − −

Canada .................................................... 4 − 10 − 8 − −14.2

Chile ........................................................ −−− 38 −− −

Dominican Republic............................... − 23 − − − −100.0 −

Finland .................................................... − − 56 − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 66 174 − − − −61.7 −

Italy ......................................................... − − 114 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 916 834 1,384 931 1,218 9.9 −6.9

Korea, Republic of ................................. 109 214 91 − −−49.1 −

Netherlands ............................................. − 17 − − − −100.0 −

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 134 −− −

Virginia ..................................................... 8,917 11,193 13,512 14,005 14,403 −20.3 −11.3

Albania.................................................... − − − − 20 − −

Algeria .................................................... 167 250 466 670 427 −33.3 −20.9

Argentina ................................................ − 49 70 − 59 −100.0 −

Austria..................................................... − − − − 104 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 748 822 1,447 2,259 2,112 −8.9 −22.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 111 
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Virginia (Continued)

Brazil....................................................... 1,096 1,131 2,469 2,826 2,660 −3.1 −19.9

Bulgaria................................................... − − 328 216 349 − −

Canada .................................................... 445 786 1,229 − − −43.4 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − − − 13 − −

Croatia..................................................... − − 339 − −− −

Egypt....................................................... 335 405 316 300 182 −17.3 16.4

France...................................................... 628 523 822 791 871 19.9 −7.9

Germany, FR .......................................... 68 9 68 47 22 NM 32.0

Iceland..................................................... − − − − 34 − −

Italy ......................................................... 761 1,343 1,286 780 545 −43.3 8.7

Japan ....................................................... 1,804 1,893 329 550 474 −4.7 39.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. 569 1,287 1,675 1,863 1,974 −55.8 −26.7

Netherlands ............................................. 797 712 498 1,185 1,641 12.0 −16.5

Norway.................................................... − − − − 31 − −

Portugal................................................... −−− 92 65 − −

Romania .................................................. − 207 − 182 61 −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 851 1,205 1,782 1,281 1,337 −29.4 −10.7

Sweden.................................................... 115 34 − − 96 237.0 4.7

Turkey..................................................... − − − − 470 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 534 538 389 910 746 −.7 −8.0

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 55 108 − −

West Virginia ........................................... 34,633 31,612 27,627 35,337 35,883 9.6 −.9

Albania.................................................... − − − − 20 − −

Algeria .................................................... − * − − * −100.0 −

Argentina ................................................ − 35 110 149 113 −100.0 −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,078 1,299 1,236 281 786 −17.1 8.2

Brazil....................................................... 4,328 4,101 2,101 2,599 3,395 5.5 6.3

Bulgaria................................................... 1,360 1,568 535 547 440 −13.3 32.6

Canada .................................................... 5,759 5,605 4,071 8,021 7,351 2.8 −5.9

Chile........................................................ − − − − 27 − −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 355 308 117 250 229 15.3 11.5

Croatia ..................................................... − − 52 151 −− −

Egypt....................................................... 714 592 499 492 510 20.6 8.8

Finland .................................................... 683 375 176 183 388 82.3 15.2

France...................................................... 3,593 3,492 2,695 3,257 3,196 2.9 3.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 254 381 237 278 404 −33.5 −11.0

Iceland..................................................... −−− 7 5 − −

Italy ......................................................... 2,872 2,921 2,891 4,743 5,165 −1.7 −13.6

Japan ....................................................... 3,164 2,143 4,079 4,979 4,562 47.6 −8.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,171 575 660 514 558 103.6 20.3

Netherlands ............................................. 1,523 1,713 2,280 2,863 2,252 −11.1 −9.3

Nigeria .................................................... − − 36 − −− −

Norway .................................................... −−− 13 −− −

Portugal ................................................... 33 − 126 96 −− −

Romania .................................................. 1,623 923 598 332 490 75.8 34.9

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 946 769 479 361 218 23.0 44.3

Spain ....................................................... 1,083 1,253 1,255 1,374 1,569 −13.5 −8.8

Sweden.................................................... 1,351 885 501 724 751 52.8 15.8

Turkey..................................................... 1,560 1,465 1,137 1,262 707 6.5 21.9

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,182 1,210 1,757 1,477 2,016 −2.3 −12.5

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 385 730 − −

Major States Total................................... 54,091 51,205 52,318 61,982 62,995 5.6 −3.7

Albania .................................................... −−− 22 103 − −

Algeria .................................................... 167 250 466 670 427 −33.3 −20.9

Argentina ................................................ 306 352 576 319 395 −13.1 −6.1

Austria..................................................... − − − − 104 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,400 2,858 3,703 3,453 4,597 −16.0 −15.0

Brazil....................................................... 6,411 5,636 5,409 5,923 6,494 13.8 −.3

Bulgaria................................................... 1,488 1,604 1,052 836 896 −7.2 13.5

Canada .................................................... 6,985 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 −6.4 −4.7

Chile........................................................ −−− 38 27 − −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 430 428 334 437 528 .5 −5.0

Croatia..................................................... − − 392 151 −− −

Dominican Republic............................... − 23 − − − −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... 1,159 997 814 792 693 16.3 13.7

See footnotes at end of table.

112 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Major States Total (Continued)

Finland .................................................... 683 375 232 183 388 82.3 15.2

France...................................................... 4,481 4,211 3,639 4,250 4,090 6.4 2.3

Germany, FR .......................................... 539 563 305 325 426 −4.4 6.0

Iceland..................................................... 76 9 − 42 39 NM 17.8

Italy ......................................................... 3,947 4,737 4,412 5,544 5,764 −16.7 −9.0

Japan ....................................................... 7,424 6,455 8,586 9,366 9,713 15.0 −6.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,358 2,076 2,425 2,427 2,566 61.8 6.9

Netherlands ............................................. 2,779 2,586 3,071 5,738 4,760 7.5 −12.6

Nigeria .................................................... − − 36 − −− −

Norway.................................................... 140 91 110 124 114 54.6 5.4

Portugal................................................... 33 − 126 188 65 − −15.2

Romania .................................................. 2,115 1,732 786 713 924 22.1 23.0

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 946 769 479 590 218 23.0 44.3

Soviet Union........................................... − − − − 64 − −

Spain ....................................................... 1,982 2,458 3,037 2,654 2,935 −19.3 −9.3

Sweden.................................................... 1,467 938 738 1,238 1,133 56.3 6.6

Turkey..................................................... 1,862 1,603 1,416 1,891 1,823 16.2 .5

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,911 2,990 3,509 4,059 4,279 −2.6 −9.2

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 616 946 − −

Other States Total ................................... 188 184 295 − − 2.5 −

Brazil....................................................... 188 184 295 − − 2.5 −

U.S. Total .................................................. 54,279 51,388 52,613 61,982 62,995 5.6 −3.6

Albania .................................................... −−− 22 103 − −

Algeria .................................................... 167 250 466 670 427 −33.3 −20.9

Argentina ................................................ 306 352 576 319 395 −13.1 −6.1

Austria..................................................... − − − − 104 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,400 2,858 3,703 3,453 4,597 −16.0 −15.0

Brazil....................................................... 6,600 5,819 5,703 5,923 6,494 13.4 .4

Bulgaria................................................... 1,488 1,604 1,052 836 896 −7.2 13.5

Canada .................................................... 6,985 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 −6.4 −4.7

Chile........................................................ −−− 38 27 − −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 430 428 334 437 528 .5 −5.0

Croatia..................................................... − − 392 151 −− −

Dominican Republic............................... − 23 − − − −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... 1,159 997 814 792 693 16.3 13.7

Finland .................................................... 683 375 232 183 388 82.3 15.2

France...................................................... 4,481 4,211 3,639 4,250 4,090 6.4 2.3

Germany, FR .......................................... 539 563 305 325 426 −4.4 6.0

Iceland..................................................... 76 9 − 42 39 NM 17.8

Italy ......................................................... 3,947 4,737 4,412 5,544 5,764 −16.7 −9.0

Japan ....................................................... 7,424 6,455 8,586 9,366 9,713 15.0 −6.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,358 2,076 2,425 2,427 2,566 61.8 6.9

Netherlands ............................................. 2,779 2,586 3,071 5,738 4,760 7.5 −12.6

Nigeria .................................................... − − 36 − −− −

Norway.................................................... 140 91 110 124 114 54.6 5.4

Portugal................................................... 33 − 126 188 65 − −15.2

Romania .................................................. 2,115 1,732 786 713 924 22.1 23.0

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 946 769 479 590 218 23.0 44.3

Soviet Union........................................... − − − − 64 − −

Spain ....................................................... 1,982 2,458 3,037 2,654 2,935 −19.3 −9.3

Sweden.................................................... 1,467 938 738 1,238 1,133 56.3 6.6

Turkey..................................................... 1,862 1,603 1,416 1,891 1,823 16.2 .5

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,911 2,990 3,509 4,059 4,279 −2.6 −9.2

Yugoslavia .............................................. −−− 616 946 − −

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1994. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 113 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Alabama .................................................... 702 170 47 142 536 313.0 7.0

Denmark.................................................. 26 − − − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 89 − −

Italy ......................................................... 617 144 − 138 443 329.6 8.6

Japan ....................................................... − − 4 4 3 − −

Morocco .................................................. − − 43 − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 59 − − − −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 27 − − − −100.0 −

Alaska........................................................ 855 716 743 734 672 19.3 6.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 855 716 743 734 672 19.3 6.2

Colorado.................................................... 900 752 1,128 669 625 19.8 9.6

China (Taiwan)....................................... 235 134 − − − 75.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. − 46 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 651 395 918 669 625 65.0 1.0

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 177 209 − −−100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... 14 − − − −− −

Illinois........................................................ 2,650 − 561 629 717 − 38.7

Canada .................................................... − − − − 4 − −

Denmark .................................................. 516 − − 45 −− −

France...................................................... 57 − − − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 722 − − − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... − − 108 213 225 − −

Italy ......................................................... 42 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... −−− 21 24 − −

Morocco .................................................. 775 − 452 350 464 − 13.7

United Kingdom ..................................... 538 − − − −− −

Kentucky ................................................... 6,001 4,987 6,212 9,065 11,124 20.3 −14.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 363 501 533 651 427 −27.6 −4.0

Canada .................................................... − 26 60 705 435 −100.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,300 3,140 4,248 3,620 4,131 −26.7 −13.6

Denmark.................................................. − − 40 193 779 − −

Finland .................................................... − − 2 − −− −

France...................................................... − − 324 1,561 2,281 − −

Germany, FR .......................................... 94 − − − −− −

Greece ..................................................... − − − − 91 − −

Honduras................................................. − − − − * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 57 − 19 379 13 − 44.0

Israel........................................................ 215 − − − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 1,698 941 877 908 959 80.5 15.4

Jamaica.................................................... 62 32 47 39 59 94.7 1.3

Japan ....................................................... − 41 61 − 33 −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. 514 276 − 616 783 86.6 −10.0

Norway.................................................... − − − − 75 − −

Portugal................................................... − 30 − − 183 −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 229 − − 111 140 − 12.9

Sweden.................................................... − − − − 56 − −

Turkey..................................................... 195 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 273 − − 282 679 − −20.4

Pennsylvania ............................................. 6,812 4,677 3,589 5,175 5,971 45.6 3.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−− 91 305 − −

Brazil....................................................... 9 5 7 12 23 80.1 −20.8

Canada .................................................... 708 844 587 1,599 2,330 −16.0 −25.7

Chile........................................................ − − − − 206 − −

Costa Rica............................................... −−− * * − −

Croatia..................................................... − − 45 − −− −

Denmark .................................................. 1,589 508 187 1,456 795 212.5 18.9

Dominican Republic............................... 18 42 59 158 201 −55.6 −45.0

Finland .................................................... 544 71 − − − NM −

France...................................................... − − 188 186 −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 135 23 102 153 29 483.7 46.9

Indonesia ................................................. −−− * −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,161 1,015 911 − − 14.4 −

Israel ........................................................ 995 922 940 1,101 987 7.9 .2

Italy ......................................................... − 601 50 − − −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

114 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Japan ....................................................... − − − − 171 − −

Malaysia .................................................. −−− * * − −

Mexico .................................................... −−− 18 −− −

Morocco .................................................. − − − − 185 − −

Netherlands ............................................. 783 244 − 2 − 221.2 −

Norway.................................................... 28 14 30 49 66 98.9 −19.1

Panama .................................................... −−− * * − −

Paraguay .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Portugal................................................... 472 378 467 305 492 24.9 −1.0

Qatar ........................................................ −−− * −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − * − −− −

Singapore ................................................ − − − − * − −

Spain ....................................................... 18 − − − 130 − −38.8

Surinam ................................................... − − * * −− −

Sweden .................................................... −−− 1 −− −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. − − 122 − −

Turkey..................................................... 43 − − − 11 − 39.6

United Arab Emirates............................. − − * − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 299 − * − * − NM

Venezuela................................................ 9 11 15 39 39 −18.5 −30.1

Utah ........................................................... 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 45.7 17.2

Canada .................................................... − − 346 − −− −

Chile........................................................ 117 − − − −− −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 355 321 849 721 506 10.7 −8.5

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 359 433 − −

Indonesia................................................. − − − − * − −

Japan ....................................................... 2,977 2,377 1,764 1,180 1,147 25.3 26.9

Korea, Republic of ................................. 481 − − − −− −

Mexico .................................................... − − * − −− −

Virginia ..................................................... 825 490 739 3,219 3,701 68.3 −31.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−− 391 361 − −

Canada .................................................... −−− 1,331 1,404 − −

Denmark .................................................. −−− 75 −− −

France ...................................................... −−− 85 156 − −

Ireland ..................................................... − − − − 12 − −

Italy ......................................................... 719 333 616 908 1,528 115.8 −17.2

Japan ....................................................... − 72 74 82 − −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. − − 49 − −− −

Portugal................................................... 105 85 − 264 233 24.2 −18.0

Spain ....................................................... −−− 83 7 − −

West Virginia ........................................... 9,688 4,593 5,532 15,469 17,908 110.9 −14.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 845 1,008 675 1,101 839 −16.1 .2

Brazil....................................................... * − − − −− −

Canada .................................................... 25 40 37 890 113 −37.6 −31.5

Chile........................................................ 118 − − − −− −

Croatia..................................................... 72 − − − −− −

Denmark.................................................. 189 − 140 2,118 3,640 − −52.3

Finland .................................................... 109 − − − 129 − −4.1

France...................................................... 815 − 445 2,734 2,406 − −23.7

Germany, FR .......................................... 744 − 290 569 950 − −5.9

Ireland ..................................................... − − 97 726 764 − −

Israel........................................................ −−− 185 150 − −

Italy ......................................................... 2,266 705 585 1,237 1,980 221.2 3.4

Japan ....................................................... 209 447 358 370 490 −53.3 −19.2

Morocco .................................................. 275 101 66 150 182 173.1 10.9

Netherlands ............................................. 2,214 1,619 989 1,164 1,923 36.7 3.6

Portugal................................................... 1,357 673 824 754 800 101.7 14.1

Romania .................................................. − − − − 131 − −

Slovenia .................................................. −−− 61 −− −

Spain ....................................................... − − 116 238 272 − −

Sweden.................................................... − − − − 7 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 451 − 911 3,172 3,132 − −38.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 115 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

Wyoming ................................................... 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 982 48.9 23.3

Canada .................................................... 32 − − − 20 − 11.7

Japan ....................................................... − − * − * − −

Spain ....................................................... 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 791 46.8 29.7

Yugoslavia .............................................. − − − − 170 − −

Major States Total................................... 34,632 20,606 22,483 38,637 44,323 68.1 −6.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,208 1,509 1,208 2,235 1,932 −20.0 −11.1

Brazil....................................................... 9 5 7 12 23 80.2 −20.8

Canada .................................................... 765 910 1,030 4,525 4,306 −15.9 −35.1

Chile........................................................ 234 − − − 206 − 3.3

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,890 3,595 5,097 4,341 4,637 −19.6 −11.1

Costa Rica............................................... −−− * * − −

Croatia..................................................... 72 − 45 − −− −

Denmark.................................................. 2,320 508 366 3,888 5,213 356.2 −18.3

Dominican Republic............................... 18 42 59 158 201 −55.6 −45.0

Finland .................................................... 654 71 2 − 129 NM 50.0

France...................................................... 872 − 957 4,567 4,843 − −34.9

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,695 23 392 722 979 NM 14.7

Greece ..................................................... − − − − 91 − −

Honduras................................................. − − − − * − −

Hong Kong ............................................. − 46 − 359 522 −100.0 −

Indonesia ................................................. −−− * * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,218 1,015 1,135 1,318 1,015 20.0 4.7

Israel........................................................ 1,210 922 940 1,287 1,137 31.3 1.6

Italy ......................................................... 5,342 2,725 2,128 3,191 4,910 96.1 2.1

Jamaica.................................................... 62 32 47 39 59 94.7 1.3

Japan ....................................................... 3,837 3,331 3,179 2,324 2,494 15.2 11.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,336 894 952 734 672 49.5 18.7

Malaysia .................................................. −−− * * − −

Mexico .................................................... − − * 18 −− −

Morocco .................................................. 1,050 101 561 500 831 NM 6.0

Netherlands ............................................. 3,571 2,139 1,038 1,782 2,706 67.0 7.2

Norway.................................................... 28 14 30 49 140 98.9 −33.1

Panama .................................................... −−− * * − −

Paraguay .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,934 1,165 1,292 1,323 1,708 65.9 3.1

Qatar ........................................................ −−− * −− −

Romania .................................................. − − − − 131 − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − * − −− −

Singapore ................................................ − − − − * − −

Slovenia .................................................. −−− 61 −− −

Spain ....................................................... 2,484 1,550 1,090 1,708 1,340 60.2 16.7

Surinam ................................................... − − * * −− −

Sweden .................................................... −−− 1 64 − −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. − − 122 − −

Turkey..................................................... 252 − − − 11 − 117.6

United Arab Emirates............................. − − * − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,560 − 911 3,454 3,811 − −20.0

Venezuela................................................ 9 11 15 39 39 −18.5 −30.1

Yugoslavia .............................................. − − − − 170 − −

Other States Total ................................... 997 686 414 761 947 45.3 1.3

Canada .................................................... 273 93 55 * 38 192.3 63.4

France...................................................... −−− 10 39 − −

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 10 −− −

Japan ....................................................... − − − − 202 − −

Mexico .................................................... 498 − 11 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... − 153 − 52 258 −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... −−− 4 −− −

Unknown................................................. 226 439 348 685 410 −48.4 −13.8

U.S. Total .................................................. 35,628 21,292 22,897 39,398 45,269 67.3 −5.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,208 1,509 1,208 2,235 1,932 −20.0 −11.1

Brazil....................................................... 9 5 7 12 23 80.2 −20.8

Canada .................................................... 1,037 1,003 1,085 4,525 4,345 3.4 −30.1

Chile........................................................ 234 − − − 206 − 3.3

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,890 3,595 5,097 4,341 4,637 −19.6 −11.1

See footnotes at end of table.

116 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1991-1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 Change and Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995

U.S. Total (Continued)

Costa Rica............................................... −−− * * − −

Croatia..................................................... 72 − 45 − −− −

Denmark.................................................. 2,320 508 366 3,888 5,213 356.2 −18.3

Dominican Republic............................... 18 42 59 158 201 −55.6 −45.0

Finland .................................................... 654 71 2 − 129 NM 50.0

France...................................................... 872 − 957 4,577 4,883 − −35.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,695 23 392 722 979 NM 14.7

Greece ..................................................... − − − − 91 − −

Honduras................................................. − − − − * − −

Hong Kong ............................................. − 46 − 359 522 −100.0 −

Indonesia ................................................. −−− * * − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,218 1,015 1,135 1,328 1,015 20.0 4.7

Israel........................................................ 1,210 922 940 1,287 1,137 31.3 1.6

Italy ......................................................... 5,342 2,725 2,128 3,191 4,910 96.1 2.1

Jamaica.................................................... 62 32 47 39 59 94.7 1.3

Japan ....................................................... 3,837 3,331 3,179 2,324 2,696 15.2 9.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,336 894 952 734 672 49.5 18.7

Malaysia .................................................. −−− * * − −

Mexico .................................................... 498 − 11 18 −− −

Morocco .................................................. 1,050 101 561 500 831 NM 6.0

Netherlands ............................................. 3,571 2,139 1,038 1,782 2,706 67.0 7.2

Norway.................................................... 28 14 30 49 140 98.9 −33.1

Panama .................................................... −−− * * − −

Paraguay .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,934 1,165 1,292 1,323 1,708 65.9 3.1

Qatar ........................................................ −−− * −− −

Romania .................................................. − − − − 131 − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − * − −− −

Singapore ................................................ − − − − * − −

Slovenia .................................................. −−− 61 −− −

Spain ....................................................... 2,484 1,704 1,090 1,760 1,598 45.8 11.7

Surinam ................................................... − − * * −− −

Sweden .................................................... −−− 1 64 − −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. − − 122 − −

Turkey..................................................... 252 − − − 11 − 117.6

United Arab Emirates............................. − − * − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,560 − 911 3,458 3,811 − −20.0

Venezuela................................................ 9 11 15 39 39 −18.5 −30.1

Yugoslavia .............................................. − − − − 170 − −

Unknown................................................. 226 439 348 685 410 −48.4 −13.8

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1994. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 117 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Alabama ............................................................... 7,086 4,122 − 6,032 10,154 6,573 1,295 50 25,159

Alabama ............................................................. 6,764 3,506 − − 3,506 6,458 1,295 − 18,024

Arkansas ............................................................. 13 −− − − 11 − − 24

Florida ................................................................ 87 −− − − 28 − − 115

Georgia ............................................................... 133 −− − − 1 − − 134

Mississippi ......................................................... 89 −− − − 68 − − 156

Pennsylvania ...................................................... − 616 − − 616 −− − 616

South Carolina ................................................... −− − − − 4 − − 4

Tennessee ........................................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 50 50

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 6,032 6,032 −− − 6,032

Alaska ................................................................... 583 − − 855 855 232 − − 1,670

Alaska ................................................................ 583 −− − − 232 − − 815

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 855 855 −− − 855

Arizona ................................................................. 6,956 − − − −− 4,827 − 11,783

Arizona ............................................................... 6,956 − − − −− − − 6,956

Nevada ............................................................... −− − − −− 4,827 − 4,827

Arkansas .............................................................. −− − − − 11 − − 11

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 11 − − 11

Colorado ............................................................... 19,153 717 − 900 1,617 4,828 − 36 25,635

Arizona ............................................................... 69 −− − − 37 − − 105

California ........................................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Colorado ............................................................. 7,182 −− − − 4,638 − − 11,820

Florida ................................................................ 811 − − − −− − − 811

Idaho .................................................................. 3 − − − −− − − 3

Illinois ................................................................ 1,255 372 − − 372 −− − 1,628

Indiana ............................................................... 20 − − − −− − − 20

Iowa ................................................................... 550 − − − −− − − 550

Kansas ................................................................ 1,436 − − − −− − − 1,436

Kentucky ............................................................ 1,098 − − − −− − − 1,098

Michigan ............................................................ 44 − − − −− − − 44

Minnesota ........................................................... 13 − − − −− − − 13

Mississippi ......................................................... 963 − − − −− − − 963

Missouri ............................................................. 1,001 −− − − 4 − − 1,005

Nebraska ............................................................ 104 − − − −− − − 104

Nevada ............................................................... 161 − − − −− − − 161

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − 97 − − 97

Oklahoma ........................................................... 31 − − − −− − − 31

Tennessee ........................................................... 736 − − − −− − − 736

Texas .................................................................. 2,225 −− − − 3 − − 2,228

Utah .................................................................... 1,113 −− − − * − − 1,113

Washington ........................................................ 36 − − − −− − − 36

Wisconsin ........................................................... 296 345 − − 345 −− − 641

Wyoming ........................................................... 4 −− − − 49 − − 53

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 36 36

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 900 900 −− − 900

Illinois ................................................................... 25,242 12,728 93 3,972 16,794 5,798 11 23 47,869

Alabama ............................................................. − 1,146 − − 1,146 −− − 1,146

Arkansas ............................................................. 76 − − − −− − − 76

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 156 4,500 − 1,231 5,732 168 − − 6,056

Georgia ............................................................... 584 − − − −− − − 584

Illinois ................................................................ 10,607 676 − − 676 4,293 11 − 15,587

Indiana ............................................................... 8,311 186 − − 186 62 − − 8,559

Iowa ................................................................... 87 948 − − 948 180 − − 1,216

Kansas ................................................................ 128 − − − −− − − 128

Kentucky ............................................................ 274 − − − −− − − 274

Maryland ............................................................ −− − − − 5 − − 5

Michigan ............................................................ 10 − 60 − 60 −− − 70

Minnesota ........................................................... 102 −− − − 9 − − 111

Mississippi ......................................................... − 1,024 − 42 1,066 238 − − 1,304

Missouri ............................................................. 3,801 479 − − 479 534 − − 4,815

New Jersey......................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... −− − − − * − − *

See footnotes at end of table.

118 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Illinois (Continued)

North Carolina ................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... −− − − − 1 − − 1

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 10 − − 10 −− − 10

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 438 3,046 − − 3,046 303 − − 3,787

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

West Virginia..................................................... −− − − − 6 − − 6

Wisconsin ........................................................... 667 712 33 − 746 −− − 1,412

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 23 23

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 2,699 2,699 −− − 2,699

Indiana ................................................................. 13,804 2,339 377 69 2,786 8,229 753 123 25,695

Alabama ............................................................. 1 − − − −− − − 1

Illinois ................................................................ 471 −− − − 491 − − 963

Indiana ............................................................... 12,910 16 201 − 216 7,306 753 − 21,185

Iowa ................................................................... 308 127 − − 127 −− − 435

Kentucky ............................................................ 2 2,050 − − 2,050 414 − − 2,466

Michigan ............................................................ − − 176 − 176 4 − − 180

Missouri ............................................................. − 19 − − 19 −− − 19

Ohio ................................................................... − 26 − − 26 −− − 26

Tennessee ........................................................... 18 100 − − 100 −− − 119

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 1 − − 1

Wisconsin ........................................................... 94 −− − − 13 − − 106

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 123 123

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 69 69 * − − 70

Kansas .................................................................. 29 −− − − 262 − − 291

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 160 − − 160

Missouri ............................................................. 29 −− − − 102 − − 131

Kentucky .............................................................. 94,191 30,207 1,925 11,664 43,796 12,698 − 781 151,466

Alabama ............................................................. 2,234 868 − − 868 48 − − 3,150

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 13 − − 13

Connecticut ........................................................ 27 − − 784 784 −− − 811

Florida ................................................................ 11,255 2,121 − 974 3,095 146 − − 14,497

Georgia ............................................................... 15,601 3 − − 3 199 − − 15,803

Idaho .................................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Illinois ................................................................ 879 561 − − 561 2 − − 1,442

Indiana ............................................................... 2,127 389 − − 389 124 − − 2,640

Iowa ................................................................... 8 227 − − 227 −− − 235

Kentucky ............................................................ 10,318 6,861 − − 6,861 9,961 − 1 27,140

Louisiana ............................................................ − 500 − − 500 −− − 500

Maine ................................................................. −− − 258 258 −− − 258

Maryland ............................................................ 29 − − − −− − − 29

Massachusetts .................................................... 352 − − 343 343 * − − 695

Michigan ............................................................ 5,511 539 685 − 1,224 242 − − 6,977

Minnesota ........................................................... 79 120 31 − 151 1 − − 230

Mississippi ......................................................... 387 427 − − 427 2 − − 815

Missouri ............................................................. 24 204 − − 204 16 − − 244

Nebraska ............................................................ 3 − − − −− − − 3

New Jersey......................................................... − 14 − 367 381 −− − 381

New York .......................................................... 973 14 − 9 23 −− − 996

North Carolina ................................................... 12,668 −− − − 234 − − 12,902

Ohio ................................................................... 4,714 5,744 34 − 5,778 812 − − 11,304

Oklahoma ........................................................... 4 − − − −− − − 4

Oregon ............................................................... 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,088 1,602 − − 1,602 78 − − 2,767

South Carolina ................................................... 9,911 −− − − 96 − − 10,007

Tennessee ........................................................... 9,494 9,043 − − 9,043 615 − − 19,153

Texas .................................................................. 2 3 − − 3 3 − − 8

Virginia .............................................................. 6,065 2 − 11 13 51 − − 6,129

West Virginia..................................................... 62 740 − − 740 28 − − 829

Wisconsin ........................................................... 286 225 476 − 701 24 − − 1,012

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 780 780

Foreign ............................................................... 76 − 699 8,918 9,617 3 − − 9,695

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 119 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Kentucky, Eastern .............................................. 84,140 13,786 1,925 10,795 26,506 6,438 − 748 117,831

Alabama ............................................................. 1,261 124 − − 124 48 − − 1,434

Connecticut ........................................................ 27 − − 784 784 −− − 811

Florida ................................................................ 11,255 116 − 750 866 −− − 12,121

Georgia ............................................................... 15,601 3 − − 3 199 − − 15,803

Idaho .................................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Illinois ................................................................ 879 561 − − 561 2 − − 1,442

Indiana ............................................................... 2,127 147 − − 147 123 − − 2,397

Iowa ................................................................... 8 152 − − 152 −− − 160

Kentucky ............................................................ 3,867 1,733 − − 1,733 4,052 − 1 9,653

Louisiana ............................................................ − 500 − − 500 −− − 500

Maine ................................................................. −− − 258 258 −− − 258

Maryland ............................................................ 29 − − − −− − − 29

Massachusetts .................................................... 352 − − 343 343 * − − 695

Michigan ............................................................ 5,511 539 685 − 1,224 242 − − 6,977

Minnesota ........................................................... 79 101 31 − 131 1 − − 211

Mississippi ......................................................... 387 427 − − 427 2 − − 815

Missouri ............................................................. 24 198 − − 198 16 − − 238

Nebraska ............................................................ 3 − − − −− − − 3

New Jersey......................................................... − 14 − 367 381 −− − 381

New York .......................................................... 973 14 − 9 23 −− − 996

North Carolina ................................................... 12,668 −− − − 234 − − 12,902

Ohio ................................................................... 4,678 5,677 34 − 5,711 812 − − 11,200

Oklahoma ........................................................... 4 − − − −− − − 4

Oregon ............................................................... 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,088 1,602 − − 1,602 78 − − 2,767

South Carolina ................................................... 9,911 −− − − 96 − − 10,007

Tennessee ........................................................... 7,085 921 − − 921 424 − − 8,430

Texas .................................................................. 2 3 − − 3 3 − − 8

Virginia .............................................................. 6,065 2 − 11 13 51 − − 6,129

West Virginia..................................................... 62 740 − − 740 28 − − 829

Wisconsin ........................................................... 104 211 476 − 688 24 − − 816

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 747 747

Foreign ............................................................... 76 − 699 8,273 8,972 3 − − 9,051

Kentucky, Western ............................................. 10,051 16,422 − 869 17,291 6,260 − 33 33,635

Alabama ............................................................. 972 744 − − 744 −− − 1,717

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 13 − − 13

Florida ................................................................ − 2,005 − 224 2,229 146 − − 2,375

Indiana ............................................................... − 242 − − 242 1 − − 243

Iowa ................................................................... − 75 − − 75 −− − 75

Kentucky ............................................................ 6,450 5,128 − − 5,128 5,909 − − 17,488

Minnesota ........................................................... − 19 − − 19 −− − 19

Missouri ............................................................. − 6 − − 6 −− − 6

Ohio ................................................................... 36 67 − − 67 −− − 103

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,410 8,122 − − 8,122 191 − − 10,723

Wisconsin ........................................................... 182 14 − − 14 −− − 196

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 33 33

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 645 645 −− − 645

Louisiana .............................................................. −− − − − 838 2,588 − 3,426

Louisiana ............................................................ −− − − − 838 2,588 − 3,426

Maryland .............................................................. 2,045 286 − 188 474 1,042 − 9 3,570

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − − − 32 − − 32

Delaware ............................................................ 97 − − − −− − − 97

Maryland ............................................................ 827 −− − − 390 − − 1,216

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − 45 − − 45

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − 12 − − 12

West Virginia..................................................... 1,122 286 − − 286 564 − − 1,971

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 9 9

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 188 188 −− − 188

Missouri ................................................................ 85 −− − − 379 − − 464

See footnotes at end of table.

120 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Missouri (Continued)

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 91 − − 91

Missouri ............................................................. 85 −− − − 288 − − 373

Montana ............................................................... 22,961 4 7,464 − 7,468 413 8,764 14 39,620

Colorado ............................................................. 63 − − − −− − − 63

Illinois ................................................................ 2,713 − − − −− − − 2,713

Indiana ............................................................... 720 − − − −− − − 720

Iowa ................................................................... 2 − − − −− − − 2

Michigan ............................................................ 3,784 − 7,230 − 7,230 −− − 11,014

Minnesota ........................................................... 10,096 * 84 − 84 19 − − 10,199

Mississippi ......................................................... 1,234 − − − −− − − 1,234

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 6 − − 6

Montana ............................................................. 391 −− − − 321 8,764 − 9,477

Nebraska ............................................................ 199 −− − − 6 − − 205

North Dakota ..................................................... 463 −− − − 6 − − 469

South Dakota ..................................................... 451 −− − − 6 − − 457

Washington ........................................................ 583 − − − −− − − 583

Wisconsin ........................................................... 2,131 4 − − 4 −− − 2,135

Wyoming ........................................................... 22 −− − − 49 − − 71

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 14 14

Foreign ............................................................... 108 − 151 − 151 −− − 259

New Mexico ......................................................... 20,491 − − 16 16 2,730 2,917 − 26,154

Arizona ............................................................... 9,259 −− − − * − − 9,259

New Mexico ...................................................... 8,983 −− − − 2,730 2,917 − 14,630

Texas .................................................................. 160 − − − −− − − 160

Wisconsin ........................................................... 1,591 − − − −− − − 1,591

Foreign ............................................................... 498 − − 16 16 −− − 514

North Dakota....................................................... 1,510 −− − − 4,043 24,561 5 30,118

North Dakota ..................................................... 235 −− − − 4,043 24,561 − 28,838

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,276 − − − −− − − 1,276

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 5 5

Ohio ...................................................................... 1,827 8,326 44 15 8,385 8,541 5,436 156 24,345

Alabama ............................................................. − 18 − − 18 −− − 18

Indiana ............................................................... 77 68 − − 68 98 − − 243

Kentucky ............................................................ − 12 − − 12 2 − − 14

Michigan ............................................................ 20 − 21 − 21 390 − − 431

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 10 − − 10

New York .......................................................... 12 −− − − 13 − − 25

Ohio ................................................................... 1,719 5,747 − − 5,747 7,326 5,436 1 20,228

Pennsylvania ...................................................... − 867 − − 867 676 − − 1,543

Tennessee ........................................................... − 21 − − 21 −− − 21

West Virginia..................................................... − 1,594 − − 1,594 26 − − 1,620

Wisconsin ........................................................... − − 10 − 10 −− − 10

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 156 156

Foreign ............................................................... − − 13 15 28 −− − 28

Oklahoma ............................................................. − 2 − − 2 2,152 − 4 2,158

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 159 − − 159

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 31 − − 31

Kentucky ............................................................ − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Oklahoma ........................................................... −− − − − 1,790 − − 1,790

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 171 − − 171

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 4 4

Pennsylvania ........................................................ 22,370 9,027 1,700 7,688 18,415 15,197 5,701 557 62,240

Alabama ............................................................. 2 38 − − 38 1 − − 41

Arizona ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Arkansas ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

California ........................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Colorado ............................................................. 12 −− − − * − − 12

Connecticut ........................................................ 515 −− − − 8 − − 524

Delaware ............................................................ 433 13 − − 13 17 − − 463

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 121 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Florida ................................................................ 8 −− − − 1 − − 9

Georgia ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Idaho .................................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Illinois ................................................................ 8 −− − − 1 − − 9

Indiana ............................................................... * 222 − − 222 6 − − 227

Iowa ................................................................... 38 227 − − 227 1 − − 266

Kentucky ............................................................ 17 363 − − 363 4 − − 384

Louisiana ............................................................ 7 3 − − 3 1 − − 10

Maine ................................................................. 21 −− − − 14 − − 35

Maryland ............................................................ 1,582 −− − − 187 − − 1,768

Massachusetts .................................................... 1 −− − − 18 − − 19

Michigan ............................................................ 2,478 − 180 − 180 1 − − 2,659

Minnesota ........................................................... * 3 − − 3 4 − − 7

Mississippi ......................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Missouri ............................................................. * −− − − 1 − − 1

Nebraska ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

New Hampshire ................................................. 457 −− − − 5 − − 463

New Jersey......................................................... 556 2 − − 2 15 − − 573

New Mexico ...................................................... * −− − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... 2,906 210 − − 210 699 − − 3,815

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... 1,683 742 230 − 972 60 − − 2,715

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 12 −− − − * − − 12

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 10,990 5,439 − 23 5,462 13,976 5,701 17 36,147

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... 6 −− − − 3 − − 9

Tennessee ........................................................... 9 675 − − 675 13 − − 697

Texas .................................................................. 2 6 − − 6 * − − 7

Utah .................................................................... 215 −− − − * − − 215

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

Virginia .............................................................. * −− − − 29 − − 29

Washington ........................................................ * − − − −− − − *

West Virginia..................................................... 19 1,064 − − 1,064 105 − − 1,188

Wisconsin ........................................................... 220 19 853 − 872 16 − − 1,108

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 540 540

Foreign ............................................................... 172 − 437 7,665 8,102 6 − − 8,279

Pennsylvania Anthracite .................................... 397 6 71 251 328 2,395 592 283 3,994

Alabama ............................................................. 1 −− − − 1 − − 1

Arizona ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Arkansas ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

California ........................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Colorado ............................................................. 12 −− − − * − − 12

Connecticut ........................................................ * −− − − 8 − − 8

Delaware ............................................................ * −− − − 11 − − 11

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 8 −− − − 1 − − 9

Georgia ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Idaho .................................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Illinois ................................................................ 8 −− − − 1 − − 9

Indiana ............................................................... * −− − − 6 − − 6

Iowa ................................................................... 38 −− − − 1 − − 39

Kentucky ............................................................ 17 −− − − 4 − − 21

Louisiana ............................................................ 7 3 − − 3 1 − − 10

Maine ................................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

Maryland ............................................................ 24 −− − − 3 − − 27

Massachusetts .................................................... 1 −− − − 15 − − 16

Michigan ............................................................ 8 −− − − 1 − − 9

Minnesota ........................................................... * 3 − − 3 4 − − 7

Mississippi ......................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Missouri ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

Nebraska ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

New Hampshire ................................................. 1 −− − − 4 − − 5

New Jersey......................................................... * −− − − 15 − − 15

New Mexico ...................................................... * −− − − * − − *

See footnotes at end of table.

122 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania Anthracite (Continued)

New York .......................................................... 22 −− − − 118 − − 140

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... * −− − − 8 − − 8

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 12 −− − − * − − 12

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 57 −− − − 2,119 592 − 2,768

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... * −− − − 3 − − 3

Tennessee ........................................................... 9 −− − − 13 − − 22

Texas .................................................................. 2 −− − − * − − 2

Utah .................................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

Virginia .............................................................. * −− − − 9 − − 9

Washington ........................................................ * − − − −− − − *

West Virginia..................................................... * −− − − 31 − − 31

Wisconsin ........................................................... * −− − − 6 − − 6

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 283 283

Foreign ............................................................... 170 − 71 251 322 6 − − 497

Pennsylvania Bituminous................................... 21,973 9,020 1,629 7,437 18,087 12,802 5,109 275 58,246

Alabama ............................................................. 2 38 − − 38 −− − 39

Connecticut ........................................................ 515 −− − − * − − 516

Delaware ............................................................ 433 13 − − 13 6 − − 452

Indiana ............................................................... − 222 − − 222 −− − 222

Iowa ................................................................... − 227 − − 227 −− − 227

Kentucky ............................................................ − 363 − − 363 −− − 363

Maine ................................................................. 21 −− − − 11 − − 32

Maryland ............................................................ 1,558 −− − − 184 − − 1,741

Massachusetts .................................................... −− − − − 4 − − 4

Michigan ............................................................ 2,470 − 180 − 180 * − − 2,650

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 1 − − 1

New Hampshire ................................................. 456 −− − − 2 − − 458

New Jersey......................................................... 556 2 − − 2 −− − 558

New York .......................................................... 2,884 210 − − 210 581 − − 3,675

Ohio ................................................................... 1,683 742 230 − 972 53 − − 2,707

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 10,934 5,439 − 23 5,462 11,857 5,109 17 33,379

South Carolina ................................................... 6 − − − −− − − 6

Tennessee ........................................................... − 675 − − 675 −− − 675

Texas .................................................................. − 6 − − 6 −− − 6

Utah .................................................................... 214 − − − −− − − 214

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − 20 − − 20

West Virginia..................................................... 19 1,064 − − 1,064 74 − − 1,157

Wisconsin ........................................................... 220 19 853 − 872 10 − − 1,103

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 257 257

Foreign ............................................................... 2 − 366 7,414 7,780 * − − 7,782

Tennessee ............................................................. 1,376 749 − − 749 489 − 13 2,627

Alabama ............................................................. 143 749 − − 749 45 − − 936

Florida ................................................................ 39 − − − −− − − 39

Georgia ............................................................... 99 −− − − 90 − − 189

Kentucky ............................................................ 5 − − − −− − − 5

Michigan ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

North Carolina ................................................... 23 − − − −− − − 23

Ohio ................................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,068 −− − − 354 − * 1,422

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 13 13

Texas ..................................................................... 21,250 − − 20 20 13,801 17,761 − 52,832

Texas .................................................................. 21,250 −− − − 13,801 17,761 − 52,812

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 20 20 −− − 20

Utah ...................................................................... 12,917 9 59 3,930 3,998 6,064 2,542 * 25,521

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 123 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Utah (Continued)

Arizona ............................................................... 80 − − − −− − − 80

California ........................................................... 2,837 −− − − 1 − − 2,838

Colorado ............................................................. 3 −− − − 2 − − 6

Connecticut ........................................................ 17 − − − −− − − 17

Idaho .................................................................. 101 −− − − 41 − − 141

Illinois ................................................................ 1,776 − − − −− − − 1,776

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Michigan ............................................................ 17 − 59 − 59 −− − 76

Minnesota ........................................................... 1 − − − −− − − 1

Missouri ............................................................. 393 − − − −− − − 393

Montana ............................................................. 6 −− − − 3 − − 9

Nevada ............................................................... 2,047 −− − − 103 − − 2,150

Oregon ............................................................... 1 −− − − * − − 2

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 10 −− − − 9 − − 20

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,095 − − − −− − − 1,095

Texas .................................................................. 4 − − − −− − − 4

Utah .................................................................... 4,332 −− − − 5,882 2,542 − 12,755

Washington ........................................................ 125 −− − − 1 − − 126

Wisconsin ........................................................... 72 9 − − 9 −− − 81

Wyoming ........................................................... −− − − − 22 − − 22

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − * *

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 3,930 3,930 −− − 3,930

Virginia ................................................................ 19,684 2,349 199 9,703 12,251 1,050 999 41 34,024

Alabama ............................................................. 1,081 −− − − 2 − − 1,083

Delaware ............................................................ 152 − − − −− − − 152

Florida ................................................................ 377 − − − −− − − 377

Georgia ............................................................... 2,055 −− − − 9 − − 2,064

Illinois ................................................................ 27 529 21 − 551 −− − 578

Indiana ............................................................... 1,511 883 − − 883 −− − 2,395

Kentucky ............................................................ 46 −− − − 96 − − 142

Louisiana ............................................................ 21 − − − −− − − 21

Maryland ............................................................ 392 − − − −− − − 392

Michigan ............................................................ 52 − 31 − 31 * − − 83

Missouri ............................................................. 8 − − − −− − − 8

New Hampshire ................................................. 19 − − − −− − − 19

New Jersey......................................................... 228 − − 407 407 −− − 635

New York .......................................................... 362 − − − −− − − 362

North Carolina ................................................... 3,996 −− − − 60 − − 4,056

Ohio ................................................................... 351 142 − − 142 −− − 493

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 526 789 − − 789 * − − 1,314

South Carolina ................................................... 1,444 −− − − 24 − − 1,468

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,167 −− − − 21 − − 2,187

Utah .................................................................... 313 − − − −− − − 313

Virginia .............................................................. 4,118 −− − − 540 999 * 5,657

West Virginia..................................................... 428 6 − − 6 −− − 433

Wisconsin ........................................................... 9 − − − −− − − 9

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 41 41

Foreign ............................................................... * − 147 9,297 9,443 298 − − 9,742

Washington .......................................................... −− − 106 106 130 4,627 − 4,863

Oregon ............................................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

Washington ........................................................ −− − − − 128 4,627 − 4,754

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 106 106 1 − − 107

West Virginia ...................................................... 65,208 40,621 6,424 41,848 88,894 5,316 5,487 282 165,187

Alabama ............................................................. 2,025 2,057 − − 2,057 10 − − 4,092

Connecticut ........................................................ 107 − − 465 465 −− − 572

Delaware ............................................................ 1,168 54 − − 54 * − − 1,221

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 5 − − 5

Florida ................................................................ 1,033 245 − 323 568 −− − 1,601

Georgia ............................................................... 4,141 19 − − 19 −− − 4,159

Illinois ................................................................ 625 807 19 − 826 −− − 1,451

Indiana ............................................................... 4,126 1,055 − − 1,055 −− − 5,181

Iowa ................................................................... 48 71 − − 71 −− − 119

Kentucky ............................................................ 1,866 3,736 − − 3,736 255 − − 5,857

Maine ................................................................. −− − − − 9 − − 9

See footnotes at end of table.

124 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia (Continued)

Maryland ............................................................ 5,548 2 − 892 894 109 − − 6,550

Massachusetts .................................................... 148 30 − 1,264 1,294 * − − 1,442

Michigan ............................................................ 4,783 24 41 − 65 4 − − 4,853

Minnesota ........................................................... 40 66 − − 66 4 − − 111

Mississippi ......................................................... 21 17 − − 17 6 − − 44

Missouri ............................................................. − 85 − − 85 −− − 85

Nevada ............................................................... * − − − −− − − *

New Hampshire ................................................. 296 −− − − 2 − − 299

New Jersey......................................................... 723 333 − 292 625 * − − 1,348

New York .......................................................... 5,348 154 − − 154 4 − − 5,506

North Carolina ................................................... 7,132 36 − − 36 1 − − 7,169

North Dakota ..................................................... − * − − * −− − *

Ohio ................................................................... 6,698 11,594 736 − 12,330 516 − − 19,543

Oklahoma ........................................................... 3 21 − − 21 24 − − 48

Oregon ............................................................... 2 − − − −− − − 2

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 3,757 9,804 − − 9,804 495 − − 14,056

South Carolina ................................................... 254 −− − − 3 − − 257

South Dakota ..................................................... − 1 − − 1 * − − 1

Tennessee ........................................................... 99 1,518 − − 1,518 −− − 1,618

Utah .................................................................... 206 − − − −− − − 206

Virginia .............................................................. 3,130 48 − * 48 218 − − 3,397

West Virginia..................................................... 11,052 8,830 − − 8,830 3,649 5,487 − 29,018

Wisconsin ........................................................... 371 15 378 − 394 * − − 765

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 282 282

Foreign ............................................................... 459 − 5,250 38,612 43,862 −− − 44,321

West Virginia, Northern .................................... 12,998 14,653 1,991 6,010 22,655 2,983 3,846 134 42,615

Alabama ............................................................. − 604 − − 604 −− − 604

Connecticut ........................................................ 107 − − 465 465 −− − 572

Delaware ............................................................ 683 54 − − 54 * − − 737

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 5 − − 5

Florida ................................................................ 259 − − − −− − − 259

Illinois ................................................................ 51 − − − −− − − 51

Indiana ............................................................... 13 26 − − 26 −− − 38

Kentucky ............................................................ − 527 − − 527 −− − 527

Maine ................................................................. −− − − − 9 − − 9

Maryland ............................................................ 2,870 − − 362 362 109 − − 3,341

Massachusetts .................................................... 113 − − − −− − − 113

Michigan ............................................................ 407 − 30 − 30 −− − 437

Minnesota ........................................................... 3 − − − −− − − 3

Nevada ............................................................... * − − − −− − − *

New Hampshire ................................................. 222 −− − − 2 − − 225

New Jersey......................................................... 558 333 − 292 625 * − − 1,182

New York .......................................................... 4,039 1 − − 1 −− − 4,040

Ohio ................................................................... 587 1,386 − − 1,386 4 − − 1,977

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 798 7,248 − − 7,248 471 − − 8,518

Tennessee ........................................................... − 46 − − 46 −− − 46

Virginia .............................................................. 17 −− − − 13 − − 30

West Virginia..................................................... 2,204 4,422 − − 4,422 2,369 3,846 − 12,841

Wisconsin ........................................................... * 6 378 − 384 −− − 384

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 134 134

Foreign ............................................................... 68 − 1,583 4,891 6,474 −− − 6,542

West Virginia, Southern .................................... 52,210 25,968 4,433 35,838 66,239 2,333 1,642 149 122,572

Alabama ............................................................. 2,025 1,453 − − 1,453 10 − − 3,487

Delaware ............................................................ 485 − − − −− − − 485

Florida ................................................................ 774 245 − 323 568 −− − 1,341

Georgia ............................................................... 4,141 19 − − 19 −− − 4,159

Illinois ................................................................ 574 807 19 − 826 −− − 1,400

Indiana ............................................................... 4,113 1,029 − − 1,029 −− − 5,142

Iowa ................................................................... 48 71 − − 71 −− − 119

Kentucky ............................................................ 1,866 3,208 − − 3,208 255 − − 5,330

Maryland ............................................................ 2,678 2 − 530 531 −− − 3,209

Massachusetts .................................................... 36 30 − 1,264 1,294 * − − 1,330

Michigan ............................................................ 4,376 24 11 − 35 4 − − 4,416

Minnesota ........................................................... 37 66 − − 66 4 − − 107

Mississippi ......................................................... 21 17 − − 17 6 − − 44

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 125 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia, Southern (Continued)

Missouri ............................................................. − 85 − − 85 −− − 85

New Hampshire ................................................. 74 − − − −− − − 74

New Jersey......................................................... 165 − − − −− − − 165

New York .......................................................... 1,309 153 − − 153 4 − − 1,466

North Carolina ................................................... 7,132 36 − − 36 1 − − 7,169

North Dakota ..................................................... − * − − * −− − *

Ohio ................................................................... 6,111 10,208 736 − 10,943 512 − − 17,566

Oklahoma ........................................................... 3 21 − − 21 24 − − 48

Oregon ............................................................... 2 − − − −− − − 2

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 2,959 2,556 − − 2,556 23 − − 5,538

South Carolina ................................................... 254 −− − − 3 − − 257

South Dakota ..................................................... − 1 − − 1 * − − 1

Tennessee ........................................................... 99 1,472 − − 1,472 −− − 1,571

Utah .................................................................... 206 − − − −− − − 206

Virginia .............................................................. 3,114 48 − * 48 205 − − 3,367

West Virginia..................................................... 8,848 4,408 − − 4,408 1,279 1,642 − 16,177

Wisconsin ........................................................... 371 10 − − 10 * − − 381

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 149 149

Foreign ............................................................... 391 − 3,667 33,721 37,388 −− − 37,779

Wyoming .............................................................. 231,897 13,617 538 2,237 16,392 3,565 11,734 13 263,601

Alabama ............................................................. 2,950 − − − −− − − 2,950

Arkansas ............................................................. 14,033 − − − −− − − 14,033

Colorado ............................................................. 5,602 − − − −− − − 5,602

Georgia ............................................................... 6,796 − − − −− − − 6,796

Idaho .................................................................. 266 −− − − 27 − − 293

Illinois ................................................................ 15,480 − − − −− − − 15,480

Indiana ............................................................... 18,306 − − − −− − − 18,306

Iowa ................................................................... 16,448 507 − − 507 −− − 16,955

Kansas ................................................................ 14,243 − − − −− − − 14,243

Louisiana ............................................................ 6,185 4,123 − − 4,123 −− − 10,309

Maryland ............................................................ 636 − − − −− − − 636

Michigan ............................................................ 7,543 − − − −− − − 7,543

Minnesota ........................................................... 8,353 − 463 − 463 −− − 8,816

Missouri ............................................................. 16,774 8,948 − − 8,948 9 − − 25,731

Montana ............................................................. 193 −− − − * − − 193

Nebraska ............................................................ 10,065 −− − − * − − 10,065

Nevada ............................................................... 342 − − − −− − − 342

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Oklahoma ........................................................... 20,326 − − − −− − − 20,326

Oregon ............................................................... 1,485 − − − −− − − 1,485

South Dakota ..................................................... 770 −− − − 471 − − 1,241

Tennessee ........................................................... 4 16 − − 16 −− − 20

Texas .................................................................. 38,227 23 − − 23 −− − 38,250

Utah .................................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Washington ........................................................ 1,290 − − − −− − − 1,290

Wisconsin ........................................................... 13,852 − 43 − 43 −− − 13,895

Wyoming ........................................................... 11,728 −− − − 3,058 11,734 − 26,521

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 13 13

Foreign ............................................................... − − 32 2,237 2,269 −− − 2,269

U.S. Total ............................................................. 590,665 125,101 18,824 89,245 233,170 104,384 100,002 2,110 1,030,330

Alabama ............................................................. 15,199 8,382 − − 8,382 6,564 1,295 − 31,440

Alaska ................................................................ 583 −− − − 232 − − 815

Arizona ............................................................... 16,364 −− − − 37 − − 16,401

Arkansas ............................................................. 14,122 −− − − 195 − − 14,317

California ........................................................... 2,838 −− − − 1 − − 2,839

Colorado ............................................................. 12,862 −− − − 4,640 − − 17,502

Connecticut ........................................................ 667 − − 1,248 1,248 40 − − 1,955

Delaware ............................................................ 1,850 67 − − 67 17 − − 1,933

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 6 − − 6

Florida ................................................................ 13,766 6,866 − 2,529 9,395 344 − − 23,505

Georgia ............................................................... 29,409 21 − − 21 300 − − 29,730

Idaho .................................................................. 370 −− − − 70 − − 440

Illinois ................................................................ 33,841 2,946 40 − 2,987 4,788 11 − 41,626

Indiana ............................................................... 48,109 2,819 201 − 3,019 7,595 753 − 59,476

Iowa ................................................................... 17,489 2,108 − − 2,108 181 − − 19,777

See footnotes at end of table.

126 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1995

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

U.S. Total (Continued)

Kansas ................................................................ 15,807 −− − − 283 − − 16,091

Kentucky ............................................................ 13,625 13,024 − − 13,024 10,733 − 1 37,382

Louisiana ............................................................ 6,213 4,627 − − 4,627 839 2,588 − 14,267

Maine ................................................................. 21 − − 258 258 23 − − 302

Maryland ............................................................ 9,012 2 − 892 894 690 − − 10,596

Massachusetts .................................................... 502 30 − 1,607 1,637 18 − − 2,157

Michigan ............................................................ 24,241 563 8,483 − 9,046 641 − − 33,928

Minnesota ........................................................... 18,684 189 578 − 767 37 − − 19,488

Mississippi ......................................................... 2,694 1,468 − 42 1,510 312 − − 4,516

Missouri ............................................................. 22,116 9,736 − − 9,736 969 − − 32,821

Montana ............................................................. 590 −− − − 324 8,764 − 9,678

Nebraska ............................................................ 10,371 −− − − 6 − − 10,377

Nevada ............................................................... 2,550 −− − − 103 4,827 − 7,479

New Hampshire ................................................. 773 −− − − 8 − − 780

New Jersey......................................................... 1,507 349 − 1,066 1,415 15 − − 2,936

New Mexico ...................................................... 8,983 −− − − 2,827 2,917 − 14,727

New York .......................................................... 9,600 379 − 9 388 717 − − 10,705

North Carolina ................................................... 23,818 36 − − 36 295 − − 24,149

North Dakota ..................................................... 697 * − − * 4,049 24,561 − 29,307

Ohio ................................................................... 15,164 23,994 1,000 − 24,995 8,714 5,436 1 54,310

Oklahoma ........................................................... 20,364 31 − − 31 1,815 − − 22,210

Oregon ............................................................... 1,515 −− − − 3 − − 1,518

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 16,371 19,117 − 23 19,140 15,279 5,701 17 56,509

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... 11,615 −− − − 129 − − 11,745

South Dakota ..................................................... 2,497 1 − − 1 477 − − 2,976

Tennessee ........................................................... 15,129 14,419 − − 14,419 1,308 − * 30,856

Texas .................................................................. 61,869 32 − − 32 13,979 17,761 − 93,642

Utah .................................................................... 6,178 −− − − 5,882 2,542 − 14,602

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

Virginia .............................................................. 13,314 50 − 11 61 851 999 * 15,225

Washington ........................................................ 2,035 −− − − 129 4,627 − 6,790

West Virginia..................................................... 12,682 12,519 − − 12,519 4,377 5,487 − 35,065

Wisconsin ........................................................... 19,590 1,329 1,793 − 3,123 53 − − 22,766

Wyoming ........................................................... 11,755 −− − − 3,179 11,734 − 26,668

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 2,091 2,091

Foreign ............................................................... 1,312 − 6,728 81,560 88,287 308 − − 89,907

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 127 
Demand

Domestic Markets

U.S. coal consumption during 1995 reached a record

941 million short tons, surpassing by 1.1 percent the

previous record of 930 million short tons consumed

during 1994. Consumption of coal by electric utilities

rose 1.4 percent to a record 829 million short tons,

accounting for 88 percent of total domestic coal consumption (Table 69). Compared with 1994, coal consumption at U.S. coke plants during 1995 rose 4

percent to 33 million short tons, while consumption at

other industrial plants declined 3 percent to 73 million

short tons (Table 71 and Table 73).

Electric Utility Use

Leading the 1995 increase in electric utility coal consumption was the additional 16 million short tons of

coal consumed by coal-fired electricity generators in

the East South Central, West North Central, and East

North Central Divisions. Collectively, electric utilities

in these three Census divisions accounted for 48

percent of total electric utility coal consumption in

1995. Electric utility coal consumption in the East

South Central Division rose 8 percent to 92 million

short tons, reflecting the increased use of coal-fired

generators to meet a 5-percent increase in electricity

demand. In the West North Central Division, electric

utility coal consumption rose 5 percent to 117 million

short tons as coal-fired electricity generation in

Missouri and Nebraska increased 10.3 percent and

14.8 percent, respectively. Similarly, in the East

North Central Division, rising electricity demand,

notably in Michigan and Ohio, boosted electric utility

coal consumption 2 percent to 187 million short tons.

The increased 1995 electric utility coal consumption

in these three Census Divisions was offset by declines

totaling 11 million short tons of coal consumed by

electric utilities in the Mountain and Pacific Divisions. Electric utility coal consumption in the Mountain Division declined 7 percent to 101 million short

tons as reduced electricity demand, coupled with

increased hydroelectric generation, led to a decline of

8 percent in coal-fired electricity generation. In the

Pacific Division, electric utility coal consumption

declined 41 percent to 5 million short tons as

increased hydroelectric generation in Washington and

Oregon replaced coal-fired generation.

Coke Plant Use

The increase in the total amount of coal consumed at

U.S. coke plants during 1995 was attributable primarily to plants in Indiana, where consumption of coking

coals rose by more than 1 million short tons (22

percent) to 6 million short tons. This increase,

coupled with increased coal consumption at coke

plants in Illinois and Kentucky, more than offset a

10-percent decline in coal consumption at coke plants

in Ohio.

Other Uses

Compared with 1994, coal consumption in the other

industrial sector declined 3.2 percent to 72.8 million

short tons. Coal consumption in the residential and

commercial sectors during 1995 totaled 6 million

short tons, 3 percent lower than in 1994.

Coal Stocks

Stocks of coal held by consumers at the close of 1995

totaled 134.6 million short tons, a decline of 1 percent

compared with stocks at the close of 1994. Compared

with year-end 1994, coal stocks at electric utility

power plants and coke plants at the end of 1995

remained relatively constant at approximately 127

million short tons and 3 million short tons, respectively, while coal stocks held by other industrial consumers declined 13 percent to 5.7 million short tons.

Foreign Markets

U.S. coal exports during 1995 totaled 88.5 million

short tons, 17.2 million short tons (24.1 percent) more

than in 1994. The primary reason for the increase was

the substantial growth in export demand for U.S.

steam coal. Compared with 1994, exports of steam

coal to Europe more than doubled to 21 million short

tons, reflecting sharp increases in steam coal shipments to most European destinations except Romania

and Belgium and Luxembourg. Steam coal exports to

Denmark, Germany, and the United Kingdom, which

totaled less than one million short tons in 1994,

increased to 5.6 million short tons, accounting for 46

percent of the total increase in steam coal shipments

to Europe. Similarly, compared with 1994, steam coal

shipments to Italy increased 82.5 percent to 4.6

million short tons while shipments to the Netherlands

more than doubled to 3.3 million short tons. In the Far

East, increases in steam coal shipments to Japan and

the Republic of Korea offset a decline in shipments to

Taiwan. U.S. metallurgical coal exports during 1995

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 129 
rose 10 percent to 52 million short tons, accounting

for 59 percent of total coal exports. Shipments of

metallurgical coal to Europe, which accounted for

over half of total metallurgical coal exports, increased

8 percent to 27 million short tons as increased shipments to Romania, Turkey, and the Netherlands offset

declines in shipments to Spain, Italy, and the United

Kingdom. Metallurgical coal shipments to Japan

increased 10 percent to 8 million short tons, while

shipments to Brazil increased 16 percent to 6 million

short tons.

130 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Domestic Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 131 
Figure 10. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1986-1995

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Total Consumption

Residential/Commercial

Other Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

132 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1995

 Rank Company Name Plant Locations

Electric Utilities

1 Tennessee Valley Auth (AL) (KY) (TN)

2 Texas Utilities Elec Co (TX)

3 Georgia Power Co (GA)

4 Pacificorp (UT) (WA) (WY)

5 Detroit Edison Co (The) (MI)

6 Alabama Power Co (AL)

7 Houston Lighting & Pwr Co (TX)

8 GPU Service Corporation (PA)

9 Basin Elec Power Coop (ND) (WY)

10 PSI Energy, Inc (IN)

11 Ohio Power Co (OH) (WV)

12 Commonwealth Edison Co (IL)

13 Northern States Power Co (MN) (WI)

14 Union Electric Co (MO)

15 Indiana Michigan Power Co (IN)

16 Duke Power Co (NC) (SC)

17 Virginia Elec & Power Co (VA) (WV)

18 Arkansas Power & Light Co (AR)

19 Arizona Public Service Co (AZ) (NM)

20 Monongahela Power Co (WV)

21 MidAmerican Energy (IA)

22 Southwestern Elec Pwr Co (AR) (TX)

23 Cincinnati Gas Elec Co (KY) (OH)

24 Kansas City Pwr & Lgt Co (KS) (MO)

25 Carolina Power & Light Co (NC) (SC)

26 Wisconsin Electric Pwr Co (MI) (WI)

27 Oklahoma Gas & Elec Co (OK)

28 Public Service Co of Colo (CO)

29 Salt River Project (AZ)

30 Montana Power Co (The) (MT)

31 Appalachian Power Co (VA) (WV)

32 KPL - Western Resources (KS)

33 Associated Elec Coop (MO)

34 Southwestern Pub Serv Co (TX)

35 Pennsylvania Pwr & Lgt Co (PA)

36 Northern Ind Pub Serv Co (IN)

37 Wisconsin Pwr & Lgt Co (WI)

38 Dayton Pwr & Lgt Co (The) (OH)

39 Tampa Electric Co (FL)

40 Cooperative Power Asso (ND)

41 Ohio Edison Co (OH)

42 Consumers Power Co (MI)

43 Illinois Power Co (IL)

44 Indianapolis Pwr & Lgt Co (IN)

45 Kentucky Utilities Co (KY)

46 Lower Colorado River Auth (TX)

47 Louisville Gas & Elec Co (KY)

48 Potomac Electric Pwr Co (MD) (VA)

49 Pub Serv Co of New Mexico (NM)

50 Pennsylvania Power Co (PA)

51 Cajun Elec Power Coop Inc (LA)

52 Nebraska Pub Power Dist (NE)

53 Florida Power Corporation (FL)

54 Central Ill Public Ser Co (IL)

55 Baltimore Gas & Elec Co (MD)

56 Central Louisiana Elec Co (LA)

57 So Carolina Pub Serv Auth (SC)

58 Big Rivers Electric Corp (KY)

59 Southern Calif Edison Co (NV)

60 Electric Energy Inc (IL)

61 Cleveland Elec Illum Co (OH)

62 Indiana-Kentucky El Corp (IN)

63 Scana Corporation (SC)

64 West Penn Power Co (PA)

65 I E S Utilities Co (IA)

66 San Antonio Pub Serv Brd (TX)

67 Tri-state G & T Assn Inc (CO)

68 Cardinal Operating Co (OH)

69 Los Angeles (City of) (UT)

70 Minnesota Power & Lgt Co (MN)

71 Minnkota Power Coop Inc (ND)

72 Grand River Dam Authority (OK)

73 Omaha Public Power Dist (NE)

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 133 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1995 (Continued)

 Company Name Plant Location

Top Ten Manufacturers

Aluminum Company of America (IN) (OH) (TN) (TX)

Archer Daniels Midland Co (IA) (IL) (MN) (NE)

Basin Electric Power Coop (ND)

Champion International Corp (AL) (FL) (ME) (MI) (MN) (NC) (NY) (OH)

E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co (DE) (KY) (MS) (NC) (SC) (TN) (VA) (WV)

Eastman Kodak Company (AR) (NY) (SC) (TN) (TX)

General Motors Corporation (AL) (IL) (IN) (MI) (MO) (NY) (OH) (WI)

Hoechst AG (SC) (TX) (VA)

Holnam Inc (AL) (CO) (IA) (MI) (MO) (MS) (MT) (SC) (UT) (WA)

Westvaco Corporation (MD) (PA) (SD) (VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

A E Staley Manufacturing Co (IL) (IN) (TN)

American Crystal Sugar Co (MN) (ND)

Applied Energy Services Inc (PA)

Ash Grove Cement Company (AR) (KS) (MT) (NE) (OR) (TX) (UT)

Blue Circle Inc (AL) (GA) (NY) (OK) (SC)

Cargill Incorporated (GA) (IA) (MN) (NC) (OH) (TN) (VA)

Dravo Corporation (AL) (KY)

Elkem A/S (OH) (WV)

Florida Crushed Stone (FL)

Fort Howard Corporation (GA) (OK) (WI)

FMC Corporation (NC) (WV) (WY)

G E Company (IN) (KY) (PA)

General Chemical Corporation (WY)

Heidelberger Zement Ag-Heidelb (AL) (IA) (IN) (MD) (NY)

Inland Steel Industries Inc (IN)

International Paper Company (AL) (LA) (PA) (SC) (WI)

Jefferson Smurfit Corporation (AL) (FL) (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

Kerr-McGee Corporation (CA)

Lafarge Corporation (IA) (IL) (KS) (MI) (MO) (OH) (PA)

Lone Star Industries Inc. (FL) (IL) (IN) (MO) (OK) (TX)

Marblehead Lime Co (IL) (IN) (MI)

Monsanto Company (AL) (IA) (ID) (IL) (MA) (WV)

New King Fuel Co Inc (IA) (NC) (OH) (PA) (UT) (VA)

P H Glatfelter Co (NC) (PA)

PPG Industries Inc (WV)

Southdown Inc (CA) (CO) (FL) (OH) (TN)

Stone Container Corporation (AZ) (FL) (MI) (SC) (VA)

Tenneco Inc (OH) (TN) (WY)

Union Camp Corporation (AL) (GA) (OH) (SC) (VA)

Willamette Industries Inc (OH) (TN)

Top Ten Coke Producers

AK Steel Corp (KY) (OH)

Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN) (MD) (NY) (PA)

Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

Drummond Company Inc (AL)

Geneva Steel Company (UT)

LTV Steel Company Inc (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

National Steel Corp (IL) (MI)

Sun Co Inc (VA)

USX Corporation (IN) (PA)

Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV)

Note: Major electric utility coal consumers are companies that consumed more than 3.6 million short tons of coal in 1995. Major manufacturers are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. Electric utilities are ranked by consumption and manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, • Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’ • Manufacturers: Form EIA-3,

‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’ • Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

134 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 6,662 6,553 6,485 7,298 7,012 5,956 1.6 −1.3 1.3

Connecticut ....................................... 906 862 788 849 856 809 5.1 1.4 1.3

Maine ................................................ 282 464 449 856 374 375 −39.3 −6.8 −3.1

Massachusetts ................................... 4,113 3,932 3,811 4,257 4,451 3,785 4.6 −1.9 .9

New Hampshire ................................ 1,355 1,287 1,428 1,311 1,315 933 5.3 .8 4.2

Rhode Island..................................... 3 3 3 5 4 28 −18.4 −10.3 −23.0

Vermont ............................................ 3 5 6 20 12 26 −43.0 −30.9 −22.2

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 68,387 67,536 70,389 71,418 70,594 65,864 1.3 −.8 .4

New Jersey........................................ 2,074 1,969 2,353 2,348 2,326 2,961 5.3 −2.8 −3.9

New York ......................................... 11,025 11,474 11,878 12,996 13,338 9,931 −3.9 −4.6 1.2

Pennsylvania ..................................... 55,289 54,094 56,158 56,074 54,931 52,972 2.2 .2 .5

East North Central Total ................. 217,486 213,188 210,632 200,660 208,583 199,793 2.0 1.0 .9

Illinois ............................................... 39,623 39,077 38,135 31,599 34,677 37,082 1.4 3.4 .7

Indiana .............................................. 62,631 59,996 60,353 58,765 60,790 50,643 4.4 .7 2.4

Michigan ........................................... 35,586 35,674 32,217 31,554 33,879 33,999 −.2 1.2 .5

Ohio .................................................. 56,580 56,711 59,031 58,671 58,578 59,324 −.2 −.9 −.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 23,066 21,731 20,897 20,071 20,659 18,743 6.1 2.8 2.3

West North Central Total ................ 131,082 125,591 120,940 115,505 116,707 95,526 4.4 2.9 3.6

Iowa .................................................. 20,636 19,341 19,188 17,992 18,741 13,862 6.7 2.4 4.5

Kansas............................................... 16,575 17,158 17,386 14,227 14,881 14,359 −3.4 2.7 1.6

Minnesota.......................................... 18,947 18,729 18,321 16,924 16,993 11,327 1.2 2.8 5.9

Missouri ............................................ 31,753 27,663 23,381 25,180 25,773 23,821 14.8 5.3 3.2

Nebraska ........................................... 10,396 9,300 9,666 8,212 8,859 6,288 11.8 4.1 5.7

North Dakota .................................... 30,237 30,363 30,302 30,301 28,597 23,587 −.4 1.4 2.8

South Dakota .................................... 2,537 3,036 2,696 2,670 2,863 2,281 −16.4 −3.0 1.2

South Atlantic Total.......................... 155,306 151,935 150,580 144,178 144,073 141,098 2.2 1.9 1.1

Delaware ........................................... 2,011 2,226 2,446 1,770 2,186 2,565 −9.6 −2.1 −2.7

District of Columbia......................... 6 47 51 50 66 54 −87.9 −45.8 −22.2

Florida............................................... 26,526 26,082 26,430 26,368 26,004 18,699 1.7 .5 4.0

Georgia.............................................. 31,288 29,254 27,081 25,481 26,957 28,460 6.9 3.8 1.0

Maryland........................................... 11,198 10,491 10,268 9,713 10,709 10,750 6.7 1.1 .4

North Carolina .................................. 24,084 23,282 25,760 24,075 20,877 23,242 3.4 3.6 .4

South Carolina .................................. 12,279 12,993 12,914 11,285 11,451 10,461 −5.5 1.8 1.8

Virginia ............................................. 13,425 12,792 13,584 13,418 13,980 11,857 4.9 −1.0 1.4

West Virginia.................................... 34,489 34,767 32,046 32,019 31,843 35,009 −.8 2.0 −.2

East South Central Total.................. 105,849 99,289 104,027 93,804 90,785 88,532 6.6 3.9 2.0

Alabama ............................................ 34,327 31,473 33,047 31,510 29,349 26,759 9.1 4.0 2.8

Kentucky........................................... 39,516 38,090 39,095 34,704 34,517 32,111 3.7 3.4 2.3

Mississippi ........................................ 4,606 4,285 4,030 3,485 3,812 4,454 7.5 4.8 .4

Tennessee.......................................... 27,399 25,440 27,854 24,106 23,107 25,208 7.7 4.3 .9

West South Central Total ................ 139,106 138,251 140,797 135,210 133,635 114,962 .6 1.0 2.1

Arkansas............................................ 13,540 12,596 11,447 12,538 12,261 12,849 7.5 2.5 .6

Louisiana........................................... 13,357 14,100 13,676 13,674 12,965 10,459 −5.3 .7 2.8

Oklahoma.......................................... 19,596 17,726 18,866 17,430 16,345 12,395 10.5 4.6 5.2

Texas................................................. 92,612 93,829 96,809 91,568 92,064 79,259 −1.3 .1 1.7

Mountain Total.................................. 107,923 115,695 110,673 112,163 105,177 85,314 −6.7 .6 2.6

Arizona.............................................. 16,682 19,580 18,991 17,915 16,805 14,150 −14.8 −.2 1.8

Colorado............................................ 16,971 17,475 17,070 16,696 16,218 15,029 −2.9 1.1 1.3

Idaho ................................................. 465 534 528 535 673 466 −13.0 −8.8 *

Montana ............................................ 10,005 11,089 9,247 11,040 10,549 7,780 −9.8 −1.3 2.8

Nevada .............................................. 7,340 7,968 7,806 8,088 8,091 7,195 −7.9 −2.4 .2

New Mexico ..................................... 15,221 15,374 15,012 14,832 12,858 13,245 −1.0 4.3 1.5

Utah................................................... 15,307 16,216 15,848 15,719 14,834 8,112 −5.6 .8 7.3

Wyoming .......................................... 25,933 27,459 26,171 27,339 25,150 19,337 −5.5 .8 3.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 8,837 12,162 11,422 12,186 11,055 6,603 −27.3 −5.4 3.3

Alaska ............................................... 815 796 863 792 802 769 2.4 .4 .6

California .......................................... 2,618 2,498 2,453 2,821 2,816 1,865 4.8 −1.8 3.8

Hawaii............................................... 121 86 73 47 37 16 41.0 34.5 24.9

Oregon .............................................. 1,125 2,479 2,099 2,124 1,940 163 −54.6 −12.7 23.9

Washington ....................................... 4,158 6,303 5,934 6,402 5,461 3,790 −34.0 −6.6 1.0

U.S. Total............................................ 940,638 930,201 925,944 892,421 887,621 804,169 1.1 1.5 1.8

* Data round to zero.

Notes: U.S. Total does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 135 
Figure 11. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1986-1995

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Million Short Tons

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Total Consumer Stocks

Industrial and Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

136 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 969 1,117 989 1,253 1,134 1,377 −13.3 −3.9 −3.8

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 12,404 14,068 14,060 19,486 18,246 18,059 −11.8 −9.2 −4.1

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 10,303 12,060 12,265 15,976 15,546 14,691 −14.6 −9.8 −3.9

East North Central Total ................. 33,818 35,833 30,162 43,661 43,179 48,873 −5.6 −5.9 −4.0

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 9,670 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 9,298 11,707 7,798 12,507 11,387 12,587 −20.6 −4.9 −3.3

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 5,936 7,815 7,630 10,804 10,618 9,508 −24.0 −13.5 −5.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 3,656 3,436 w w w w 6.4 w w

West North Central Total ................ 18,713 17,717 w w w w 5.6 w w

Iowa .................................................. 4,447 4,178 3,819 4,857 5,133 4,479 6.4 −3.5 −.1

Kansas............................................... 3,860 2,623 2,024 2,759 3,321 3,369 47.1 3.8 1.5

Minnesota.......................................... 1,985 2,234 1,250 2,252 2,693 3,649 −11.1 −7.3 −6.5

Missouri ............................................ 4,779 4,570 w w w w 4.6 w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 2,007 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 19,707 24,427 19,092 29,282 29,952 25,384 −19.3 −9.9 −2.8

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 3,268 3,914 3,541 4,121 4,880 3,289 −16.5 −9.5 −.1

Georgia.............................................. 3,786 4,843 2,926 4,836 5,419 5,966 −21.8 −8.6 −4.9

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 2,855 4,318 3,059 4,715 4,866 4,009 −33.9 −12.5 −3.7

South Carolina .................................. 2,194 2,533 1,893 2,451 2,241 2,127 −13.4 −.5 .3

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 10,940 11,267 9,277 14,400 15,026 17,527 −2.9 −7.6 −5.1

Alabama ............................................ 3,648 4,132 2,797 4,529 4,671 5,208 −11.7 −6.0 −3.9

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 1,884 1,764 w w w w 6.8 w w

West South Central Total ................ 20,564 15,959 15,105 16,898 w 18,956 28.8 w .9

Arkansas............................................ 2,820 1,777 1,881 1,591 2,165 1,954 58.7 6.8 4.1

Louisiana........................................... 2,669 1,922 2,000 1,755 2,301 w 38.8 3.8 w

Oklahoma.......................................... 4,246 2,467 2,052 3,161 2,919 4,415 72.1 9.8 −.4

Texas ................................................. 10,829 9,793 9,172 10,392 w w 10.6 w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 3,032 3,242 3,717 3,596 4,229 w −6.5 −8.0 w

Colorado............................................ 3,682 3,145 3,454 3,439 3,487 w 17.1 1.4 w

Idaho ................................................. 118 78 86 101 79 109 51.1 10.6 .8

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 2,936 2,553 1,841 2,242 2,835 w 15.0 .9 w

Pacific Total ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Alaska ............................................... 1 2 5 6 w w −67.4 w w

California .......................................... 133 126 93 109 139 w 6.2 −.9 w

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 25 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 1,969 569 459 736 1,194 1,755 246.1 13.3 1.3

U.S. Total............................................ 134,639 136,139 120,458 163,692 167,711 175,226 −1.1 −5.3 −2.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Stocks for the residential and commercial sector are not included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 137 
Table 69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State,

1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 6,272 5,945 5,736 6,112 6,421 5,288 5.5 −0.6 1.9

Connecticut ....................................... 881 821 745 817 840 763 7.3 1.2 1.6

Massachusetts ................................... 4,044 3,845 3,652 4,044 4,339 3,596 5.2 −1.7 1.3

New Hampshire ................................ 1,346 1,279 1,339 1,251 1,242 917 5.3 2.0 4.3

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − 12 −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 49,357 48,326 51,079 52,488 52,617 49,523 2.1 −1.6 *

New Jersey........................................ 2,054 1,887 2,123 2,118 2,081 2,637 8.8 −.3 −2.7

New York ......................................... 8,051 8,395 8,699 9,963 9,874 6,298 −4.1 −5.0 2.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 39,252 38,044 40,257 40,407 40,662 40,589 3.2 −.9 −.4

East North Central Total ................. 187,490 183,282 179,833 169,029 173,718 159,601 2.3 1.9 1.8

Illinois ............................................... 33,463 32,599 31,744 25,264 27,754 30,844 2.6 4.8 .9

Indiana .............................................. 52,089 50,554 48,836 46,937 47,720 37,309 3.0 2.2 3.8

Michigan ........................................... 31,165 31,106 28,749 28,238 29,896 27,061 .2 1.0 1.6

Ohio .................................................. 49,785 49,326 51,456 50,358 49,577 47,785 .9 .1 .4

Wisconsin.......................................... 20,987 19,696 19,049 18,231 18,771 16,601 6.5 2.8 2.6

West North Central Total ................ 116,720 111,672 107,584 102,557 104,246 83,595 4.5 2.9 3.8

Iowa .................................................. 17,785 16,565 16,623 15,357 15,846 12,044 7.4 2.9 4.4

Kansas............................................... 16,345 16,989 17,226 14,068 14,732 14,097 −3.8 2.6 1.6

Minnesota.......................................... 17,282 17,046 16,844 15,841 16,114 10,170 1.4 1.8 6.1

Missouri ............................................ 30,440 26,375 21,945 23,815 24,286 22,029 15.4 5.8 3.6

Nebraska ........................................... 10,048 8,879 9,297 7,881 8,524 5,945 13.2 4.2 6.0

North Dakota .................................... 22,680 23,248 23,290 23,192 22,174 17,291 −2.4 .6 3.1

South Dakota .................................... 2,137 2,570 2,360 2,402 2,570 2,018 −16.8 −4.5 .6

South Atlantic Total.......................... 138,134 133,984 132,885 126,093 123,729 121,239 3.1 2.8 1.5

Delaware ........................................... 1,816 2,007 2,223 1,628 1,958 2,350 −9.5 −1.9 −2.8

Florida............................................... 25,200 24,758 25,108 25,016 24,870 17,822 1.8 .3 3.9

Georgia.............................................. 29,280 27,293 25,339 23,656 24,848 26,652 7.3 4.2 1.0

Maryland........................................... 10,141 9,717 9,521 8,993 8,632 7,961 4.4 4.1 2.7

North Carolina .................................. 21,424 20,624 23,055 21,011 18,078 20,542 3.9 4.3 .5

South Carolina .................................. 10,074 10,597 10,410 9,078 9,218 7,777 −4.9 2.2 2.9

Virginia ............................................. 9,543 8,670 9,447 8,661 8,568 7,345 10.1 2.7 2.9

West Virginia.................................... 30,657 30,318 27,782 28,050 27,557 30,790 1.1 2.7 *

East South Central Total.................. 92,262 85,622 90,365 80,203 77,917 75,231 7.8 4.3 2.3

Alabama ............................................ 28,759 25,817 27,533 24,988 23,700 21,436 11.4 4.9 3.3

Kentucky........................................... 35,707 34,564 35,264 31,715 31,432 28,535 3.3 3.2 2.5

Mississippi ........................................ 4,319 3,989 3,767 3,237 3,570 4,208 8.3 4.9 .3

Tennessee.......................................... 23,477 21,253 23,801 20,263 19,216 21,051 10.5 5.1 1.2

West South Central Total ................ 132,633 131,168 134,009 129,351 127,908 109,086 1.1 .9 2.2

Arkansas............................................ 13,216 12,250 11,116 12,241 11,978 12,505 7.9 2.5 .6

Louisiana........................................... 12,930 13,479 13,089 13,077 12,406 10,196 −4.1 1.0 2.7

Oklahoma.......................................... 18,130 16,961 17,668 16,699 15,668 11,628 6.9 3.7 5.0

Texas................................................. 88,358 88,479 92,135 87,333 87,856 74,757 −.1 .1 1.9

Mountain Total.................................. 101,013 108,651 104,093 105,609 98,400 77,891 −7.0 .6 2.9

Arizona.............................................. 16,021 18,853 18,316 17,280 16,116 11,861 −15.0 −.1 3.4

Colorado............................................ 16,222 16,596 16,252 15,902 15,416 14,150 −2.2 1.3 1.5

Montana ............................................ 9,373 10,513 8,869 10,768 10,223 7,438 −10.8 −2.1 2.6

Nevada .............................................. 7,084 7,772 7,608 7,914 7,892 7,086 −8.8 −2.7 *

New Mexico ..................................... 15,137 15,297 14,942 14,775 12,809 13,147 −1.0 4.3 1.6

Utah................................................... 13,325 14,269 13,995 13,857 12,829 6,756 −6.6 .9 7.8

Wyoming .......................................... 23,850 25,350 24,111 25,114 23,115 17,452 −5.9 .8 3.5

Pacific Total ....................................... 5,127 8,621 7,924 8,419 7,313 3,602 −40.5 −8.5 4.0

Alaska ............................................... 293 271 298 277 298 272 7.8 −.5 .8

Oregon .............................................. 977 2,333 1,981 1,994 1,831 − −58.1 −14.5 −

Washington ....................................... 3,857 6,016 5,646 6,148 5,184 3,329 −35.9 −7.1 1.6

U.S. Total............................................ 829,007 817,270 813,508 779,860 772,268 685,056 1.4 1.8 2.1

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

138 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 908 1,079 967 1,237 1,128 1,354 −15.8 −5.3 −4.3

Connecticut ....................................... 164 202 160 150 173 5 −18.7 −1.3 47.7

Massachusetts ................................... 425 629 449 727 583 964 −32.4 −7.6 −8.7

New Hampshire ................................ 319 248 358 361 373 357 28.8 −3.8 −1.2

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 28 −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 11,064 12,687 12,564 17,743 16,638 16,381 −12.8 −9.7 −4.3

New Jersey........................................ 804 688 501 771 681 995 16.9 4.3 −2.3

New York ......................................... 1,015 999 953 2,106 1,546 1,768 1.6 −10.0 −6.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 9,244 11,000 11,110 14,866 14,412 13,619 −16.0 −10.5 −4.2

East North Central Total ................. 30,505 32,088 27,296 40,250 39,394 43,858 −4.9 −6.2 −3.9

Illinois ............................................... 5,331 4,526 4,019 7,399 6,977 8,960 17.8 −6.5 −5.6

Indiana .............................................. 8,435 10,449 6,935 11,294 9,953 11,248 −19.3 −4.0 −3.1

Michigan ........................................... 7,708 6,505 6,206 7,402 8,099 9,824 18.5 −1.2 −2.7

Ohio .................................................. 5,661 7,499 7,249 10,395 10,213 8,785 −24.5 −13.7 −4.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 3,371 3,109 2,887 3,760 4,151 5,041 8.4 −5.1 −4.4

West North Central Total ................ 17,732 16,739 14,123 19,712 20,169 21,231 5.9 −3.2 −2.0

Iowa .................................................. 3,923 3,642 3,401 4,301 4,499 3,832 7.7 −3.4 .3

Kansas............................................... 3,850 2,610 2,008 2,747 3,310 3,319 47.5 3.8 1.7

Minnesota.......................................... 1,898 2,134 1,182 2,175 2,616 3,560 −11.1 −7.7 −6.8

Missouri ............................................ 4,641 4,410 3,555 6,211 5,458 5,374 5.2 −4.0 −1.6

Nebraska ........................................... 1,409 1,276 1,272 1,798 1,976 1,962 10.4 −8.1 −3.6

North Dakota .................................... 1,858 2,406 2,417 2,194 1,999 2,879 −22.8 −1.8 −4.7

South Dakota .................................... 153 259 287 285 312 306 −40.8 −16.3 −7.4

South Atlantic Total.......................... 18,851 23,226 17,877 27,977 28,746 23,712 −18.8 −10.0 −2.5

Delaware ........................................... 363 470 192 361 458 452 −22.8 −5.6 −2.4

Florida............................................... 3,204 3,813 3,451 4,021 4,781 3,201 −16.0 −9.5 *

Georgia.............................................. 3,657 4,699 2,825 4,692 5,251 5,773 −22.2 −8.6 −4.9

Maryland........................................... 1,038 1,306 1,455 2,400 2,220 1,507 −20.5 −17.3 −4.0

North Carolina .................................. 2,715 4,139 2,887 4,512 4,657 3,744 −34.4 −12.6 −3.5

South Carolina .................................. 2,033 2,255 1,648 2,206 1,988 1,767 −9.8 .6 1.6

Virginia ............................................. 1,098 2,064 1,418 1,922 1,685 1,602 −46.8 −10.2 −4.1

West Virginia.................................... 4,744 4,479 4,001 7,863 7,707 5,667 5.9 −11.4 −1.9

East South Central Total.................. 10,148 10,317 8,370 13,401 14,210 16,470 −1.6 −8.1 −5.2

Alabama ............................................ 3,282 3,652 2,331 4,071 4,247 4,738 −10.1 −6.2 −4.0

Kentucky........................................... 4,472 4,466 3,990 5,415 5,881 5,604 .1 −6.6 −2.5

Mississippi ........................................ 724 690 417 899 933 978 4.9 −6.1 −3.3

Tennessee.......................................... 1,670 1,509 1,632 3,016 3,148 5,149 10.7 −14.7 −11.8

West South Central Total ................ 20,195 15,520 13,867 16,483 17,694 17,025 30.1 3.4 1.9

Arkansas............................................ 2,790 1,751 1,866 1,572 2,150 1,906 59.4 6.7 4.3

Louisiana........................................... 2,659 1,872 1,932 1,701 2,235 1,886 42.1 4.4 3.9

Oklahoma.......................................... 4,118 2,319 1,944 3,066 2,835 4,219 77.5 9.8 −.3

Texas................................................. 10,628 9,578 8,125 10,143 10,474 9,014 10.9 .4 1.8

Mountain Total.................................. 14,562 14,559 15,529 16,009 18,086 19,929 * −5.3 −3.4

Arizona.............................................. 2,998 3,197 3,687 3,543 4,177 3,718 −6.2 −8.0 −2.4

Colorado............................................ 3,622 3,118 3,428 3,410 3,466 4,520 16.2 1.1 −2.4

Montana ............................................ 511 517 721 735 741 788 −1.2 −8.8 −4.7

Nevada .............................................. 1,356 1,034 1,195 1,447 1,412 1,832 31.2 −1.0 −3.3

New Mexico ..................................... 967 1,462 1,506 1,570 1,399 1,442 −33.9 −8.8 −4.3

Utah................................................... 2,250 2,753 3,264 3,153 4,123 2,344 −18.3 −14.0 −.4

Wyoming .......................................... 2,857 2,476 1,728 2,153 2,767 5,284 15.4 .8 −6.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 2,341 683 748 1,317 1,812 1,846 242.6 6.6 2.7

Alaska ............................................... 1 2 5 6 8 8 −67.4 −42.9 −22.3

Oregon .............................................. 399 150 312 615 660 184 166.7 −11.8 9.0

Washington ....................................... 1,941 531 431 697 1,145 1,654 265.4 14.1 1.8

U.S. Total............................................ 126,304 126,897 111,341 154,130 157,876 161,806 −.5 −5.4 −2.7

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 139 
Table 71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and

State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 321 553 647 1,045 507 463 −42.0 −10.8 −4.0

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w − w w w ww w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − w − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − w w w ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 1,370 1,559 1,704 1,610 1,959 1,940 −12.1 −8.5 −3.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 4,027 4,044 4,311 4,173 4,049 3,975 −.4 −.1 .1

East North Central Total ................. 16,351 17,098 17,699 16,931 18,670 20,145 −4.4 −3.3 −2.3

Illinois ............................................... 3,653 4,187 3,970 3,736 4,426 3,759 −12.8 −4.7 −.3

Indiana .............................................. 4,373 4,244 4,587 4,263 4,404 4,980 3.0 −.2 −1.4

Michigan ........................................... 2,767 2,890 3,230 3,127 3,149 3,994 −4.2 −3.2 −4.0

Ohio .................................................. 3,609 3,794 4,100 3,970 4,813 5,303 −4.9 −6.9 −4.2

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,949 1,984 1,811 1,835 1,878 2,109 −1.7 .9 −.9

West North Central Total ................ 13,581 13,238 12,753 12,505 11,741 10,944 2.6 3.7 2.4

Iowa .................................................. 2,761 2,735 2,494 2,571 2,672 1,563 .9 .8 6.5

Kansas............................................... 138 137 137 158 148 261 .3 −1.9 −6.9

Minnesota.......................................... 1,401 1,455 1,370 1,059 785 964 −3.7 15.6 4.2

Missouri ............................................ 1,102 1,070 1,177 1,137 1,235 1,457 3.1 −2.8 −3.0

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 339 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 1,325 1,303 1,307 1,335 1,133 782 1.6 4.0 6.0

Georgia.............................................. 1,949 1,933 1,720 1,787 2,101 1,801 .8 −1.9 .9

Maryland........................................... 760 738 731 706 1,040 726 3.0 −7.5 .5

North Carolina .................................. 2,437 2,396 2,476 2,860 2,702 2,545 1.7 −2.5 −.5

South Carolina .................................. 2,188 2,334 2,395 2,177 2,212 2,465 −6.3 −.3 −1.3

Virginia ............................................. 2,631 2,838 2,863 3,592 4,301 3,373 −7.3 −11.5 −2.7

West Virginia.................................... 1,984 2,637 2,406 2,266 2,310 2,234 −24.8 −3.7 −1.3

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,304 2,394 2,268 3,136 2,468 2,536 −3.7 −1.7 −1.1

Kentucky........................................... 2,250 1,994 2,392 1,648 2,044 2,192 12.8 2.4 .3

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 3,777 4,097 3,942 3,686 3,702 3,984 −7.8 .5 −.6

West South Central Total ................ 6,456 7,082 6,780 5,846 5,716 w −8.8 3.1 w

Arkansas............................................ 325 346 330 295 283 344 −6.2 3.5 −.6

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 763 w w w

Texas................................................. 4,255 5,350 4,667 4,225 4,198 4,411 −20.5 .3 −.4

Mountain Total.................................. 5,615 5,614 5,163 4,973 4,954 6,176 * 3.2 −1.0

Arizona.............................................. 657 727 674 632 689 w −9.7 −1.2 w

Colorado............................................ 729 857 780 735 738 773 −14.9 −.3 −.6

Idaho ................................................. 426 494 486 484 604 429 −13.8 −8.4 −.1

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 915 835 727 525 508 380 9.5 15.8 10.3

Wyoming .......................................... 1,937 1,867 1,873 2,126 1,896 w 3.8 .5 w

Pacific Total ....................................... 2,976 2,769 2,677 3,161 3,113 2,415 7.5 −1.1 2.3

Alaska ............................................... − 5 2 − − − ww w

California .......................................... 2,485 2,332 2,311 2,821 2,771 1,865 6.6 −2.7 3.2

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 16 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 223 201 174 163 197 372 10.7 3.1 −5.5

U.S. Total............................................ 72,796 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,405 75,583 −3.2 −.9 −.4

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

140 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 60 38 21 16 6 23 57.1 80.4 11.3

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 203 250 321 402 296 334 −18.8 −8.9 −5.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 218 298 287 306 282 506 −26.8 −6.3 −8.9

East North Central Total ................. 2,031 2,462 2,044 2,505 2,583 3,345 −17.5 −5.8 −5.4

Illinois ............................................... 333 426 368 389 422 498 −21.8 −5.7 −4.4

Indiana .............................................. 451 690 470 732 764 692 −34.6 −12.3 −4.6

Michigan ........................................... 822 865 702 882 891 1,070 −4.9 −2.0 −2.9

Ohio .................................................. 138 153 198 228 190 419 −9.4 −7.6 −11.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 286 328 306 274 315 666 −12.8 −2.4 −9.0

West North Central Total ................ 981 978 775 1,020 1,163 1,235 .3 −4.1 −2.5

Iowa .................................................. 524 535 418 556 635 648 −2.1 −4.7 −2.3

Kansas............................................... 10 13 16 11 10 50 −27.7 −1.2 −16.6

Minnesota.......................................... 87 99 68 77 78 89 −12.3 2.9 −.2

Missouri ............................................ 138 159 148 227 210 237 −13.3 −9.9 −5.8

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 45 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida ............................................... 64 101 90 100 99 88 −36.7 −10.4 −3.5

Georgia.............................................. 129 144 101 144 167 193 −10.1 −6.3 −4.3

Maryland........................................... 24 36 41 35 37 33 −33.8 −10.1 −3.6

North Carolina .................................. 140 179 172 203 209 265 −21.8 −9.5 −6.8

South Carolina .................................. 160 278 245 245 253 360 −42.4 −10.8 −8.6

Virginia ............................................. 177 217 216 275 206 378 −18.1 −3.7 −8.1

West Virginia.................................... 105 130 167 156 131 156 −19.4 −5.4 −4.3

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 133 183 132 127 131 223 −27.0 .5 −5.5

Kentucky........................................... 120 112 73 127 123 170 7.0 −.7 −3.8

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 215 256 246 270 219 315 −16.0 −.5 −4.2

West South Central Total ................ 370 439 1,218 395 603 w −15.9 −11.5 w

Arkansas............................................ 29 26 15 19 15 48 14.3 17.9 −5.4

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 196 w w w

Texas................................................. 201 215 1,026 228 437 1,652 −6.4 −17.6 −20.8

Mountain Total.................................. 313 267 332 360 307 503 17.5 .5 −5.1

Arizona.............................................. 34 45 30 53 52 w −23.0 −9.8 w

Colorado............................................ 59 26 25 29 21 53 127.2 30.4 1.2

Idaho ................................................. 118 78 86 101 79 109 51.1 10.6 .8

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 7 13 20 26 39 147 −49.4 −35.5 −29.0

Wyoming .......................................... 79 77 113 89 68 w 3.3 4.0 w

Pacific Total ....................................... 245 194 170 211 222 287 26.3 2.4 −1.7

California .......................................... 133 126 93 109 139 130 6.2 −.9 .3

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 25 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 28 38 27 39 49 101 −26.7 −13.4 −13.4

U.S. Total............................................ 5,702 6,585 6,716 6,965 7,061 10,429 −13.4 −5.2 −6.5

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Other industrial plants include manufacturing plants only. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 141 
Table 73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 10,858 10,849 10,333 9,868 8,812 7,007 0.1 5.4 5.0

East North Central Total ................. 12,345 11,356 11,643 13,224 14,742 17,913 8.7 −4.3 −4.0

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 2,234 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 5,883 4,841 6,591 7,153 8,234 7,808 21.5 −8.1 −3.1

Michigan ........................................... w w − − w ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 2,777 3,092 2,892 3,755 3,698 5,184 −10.2 −6.9 −6.7

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − w ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 3,257 3,253 3,206 3,297 3,166 2,674 .1 .7 2.2

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − w w − w w

West South Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Texas................................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 33,011 31,740 31,323 32,366 33,854 35,862 4.0 −.6 −.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 841 762 868 804 852 567 10.3 −0.3 4.5

East North Central Total ................. 1,282 1,282 822 906 1,203 1,670 * 1.6 −2.9

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 212 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 412 567 394 481 669 648 −27.4 −11.4 −4.9

Michigan ........................................... w w − − w ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 136 163 183 180 215 304 −16.4 −10.7 −8.5

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − w ww w w

Virginia ............................................. − − − w − − ww w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 233 297 333 332 293 246 −21.6 −5.6 −.6

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − ww w w

West South Central Total ................ − − 21 21 w w − w w

Texas................................................. − − 21 21 w w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 2,632 2,657 2,401 2,597 2,773 2,992 −.9 −1.3 −1.4

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

142 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census

Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 69 56 102 141 84 204 24.4 −4.6 −11.3

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Vermont ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 1,379 1,351 1,498 1,916 1,698 1,928 2.0 −5.1 −3.6

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,151 1,156 1,257 1,626 1,408 1,402 −.4 −4.9 −2.2

East North Central Total ................. 1,301 1,452 1,458 1,476 1,453 2,134 −10.3 −2.7 −5.3

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 245 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 287 356 339 411 433 546 −19.5 −9.8 −6.9

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 409 498 584 588 489 1,052 −18.0 −4.4 −10.0

Wisconsin.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West North Central Total ................ w w w w w ww w w

Iowa .................................................. 90 40 70 64 223 255 121.9 −20.3 −10.9

Kansas............................................... 92 32 23 * * 1 183.5 303.6 65.6

Minnesota.......................................... 264 229 107 25 94 193 15.2 29.3 3.5

Missouri ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 4 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 954 887 904 632 490 1,002 7.6 18.1 −.5

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

District of Columbia......................... 6 47 51 50 66 54 −87.9 −45.8 −22.2

Florida ............................................... 1 20 16 16 * 95 −93.5 66.6 −37.9

Georgia.............................................. 59 28 22 38 8 8 108.8 65.5 25.8

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w NM w w

North Carolina .................................. 224 263 229 204 97 155 −14.8 23.1 4.2

South Carolina .................................. 17 61 109 31 22 219 −72.5 −6.6 −24.8

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 283 386 417 458 376 452 −26.8 −6.8 −5.1

Alabama ............................................ 7 11 40 89 17 112 −32.5 −18.9 −26.3

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ − − w w w ww w w

Tennessee.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West South Central Total ................ 17 1 8 13 12 18 NM 8.9 −1.2

Arkansas ............................................ − *12** −− −

Louisiana ........................................... w − w − w w w NM w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w 1 4 NM w w

Texas ................................................. − * 6 10 w w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .............................................. 5 * 1 4 w w NM w w

Colorado............................................ 20 23 38 58 w w −14.0 w w

Idaho ................................................. 39 40 43 51 68 37 −3.3 −13.1 .5

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 146 242 187 99 w w −39.8 w w

Pacific Total ....................................... 734 773 821 607 w w −5.0 w w

Alaska ............................................... 523 520 563 514 w w .6 w w

California .......................................... 133 166 142 * w w −20.0 w w

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 78 86 114 91 80 88 −9.4 −.7 −1.4

U.S. Total............................................ 5,824 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,094 7,667 −3.1 −1.1 −3.0

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 143 
Foreign Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 145 
Figure 12. U.S. Coal Exports, 1986-1995

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Million Short Tons

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Exports to Canada

Exports to Japan

Exports to Europe

Total Exports

146 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... 10,411 9,505 9,219 15,331 11,454 14,774 9.5 −2.4 −3.8

Canada1 ............................................ 9,427 9,193 8,889 15,140 11,178 14,478 2.5 −4.2 −4.6

Mexico .............................................. 871 241 250 77 92 225 261.7 75.3 16.2

Other2 ............................................... 113 71 81 115 184 72 58.1 −11.6 5.2

South America Total......................... 6,968 5,946 5,750 6,769 7,661 6,636 17.2 −2.3 .5

Argentina .......................................... 342 453 524 335 429 752 −24.4 −5.5 −8.4

Brazil................................................. 6,351 5,482 5,197 6,370 7,052 5,720 15.8 −2.6 1.2

Other2 ............................................... 276 12 28 64 180 164 NM 11.3 5.9

Europe Total ...................................... 48,620 35,825 37,575 57,255 65,520 42,552 35.7 −7.2 1.5

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 4,501 4,911 5,229 7,196 7,464 4,362 −8.3 −11.9 .3

Bulgaria............................................. 1,339 1,238 906 602 946 32 8.1 9.1 51.5

Denmark............................................ 2,100 477 336 3,832 4,658 2,123 340.6 −18.0 −.1

Finland .............................................. 1,308 377 252 205 530 49 247.2 25.3 43.9

France................................................ 3,659 2,875 3,972 8,060 9,509 5,389 27.3 −21.2 −4.2

Germany, FR .................................... 1,953 323 508 1,003 1,742 810 NM 2.9 10.3

Ireland ............................................... 914 974 985 1,449 1,313 770 −6.1 −8.6 1.9

Italy ................................................... 9,063 7,543 6,918 9,344 11,274 10,359 20.1 −5.3 −1.5

Netherlands ....................................... 7,301 4,874 5,562 9,148 9,625 5,631 49.8 −6.7 2.9

Norway.............................................. 120 87 101 118 200 267 38.5 −12.0 −8.5

Portugal............................................. 1,752 1,057 1,491 1,479 1,629 1,103 65.9 1.8 5.3

Romania ............................................ 1,984 1,553 720 753 1,147 1,111 27.7 14.7 6.6

Spain ................................................. 4,653 4,132 4,064 4,535 4,694 2,620 12.6 −.2 6.6

Sweden.............................................. 1,117 702 736 1,165 1,239 1,097 59.3 −2.5 .2

Turkey............................................... 2,011 1,335 1,605 1,990 2,186 2,418 50.7 −2.1 −2.0

United Kingdom ............................... 4,726 3,363 4,111 5,595 6,171 2,907 40.5 −6.4 5.5

Other2 ............................................... 117 8 78 781 1,192 1,505 NM −44.0 −24.7

Asia Total ........................................... 19,095 17,957 19,500 20,540 21,788 19,639 6.3 −3.2 −.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,533 3,374 3,435 3,560 4,547 3,690 −24.9 −13.6 −4.1

Israel.................................................. 760 864 849 824 651 381 −12.0 3.9 8.0

Japan ................................................. 11,787 10,158 11,878 12,304 12,269 11,370 16.0 −1.0 .4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 4,012 3,558 3,316 3,352 3,711 3,555 12.8 2.0 1.3

Other2 ............................................... 2 3 22 500 611 643 −30.3 −75.2 −46.5

Oceania & Australia Total............... *11*** −60.1 12.9 −2.9

Other2 ............................................... * 1 1 * * * −60.1 12.9 −2.9

Africa Total........................................ 3,453 2,124 2,474 2,621 2,545 1,916 62.5 7.9 6.8

Algeria .............................................. 220 355 409 611 522 685 −38.0 −19.4 −11.8

Egypt................................................. 1,235 1,048 868 848 769 408 17.8 12.6 13.1

Morocco ............................................ 1,212 83 587 737 1,013 737 NM 4.6 5.7

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 786 638 567 425 239 − 23.3 34.7 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 42 − 2 86 − −100.0 −100.0

Total .................................................... 88,547 71,359 74,519 102,516 108,969 85,518 24.1 −5.0 .4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 147 
Table 77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... 4,776 4,246 4,853 4,957 4,060 6,624 12.5 4.1 −3.6

Canada1 ............................................ 4,452 4,032 4,663 4,920 4,019 6,440 10.4 2.6 −4.0

Mexico .............................................. 324 214 190 36 41 135 51.2 68.0 10.2

Other2 ............................................... − − * * * 48 − −100.0 −100.0

South America Total......................... 6,778 5,926 5,514 6,524 7,416 6,414 14.4 −2.2 .6

Argentina .......................................... 336 449 487 332 428 751 −25.2 −5.9 −8.6

Brazil................................................. 6,336 5,477 5,027 6,165 6,958 5,524 15.7 −2.3 1.5

Other2 ............................................... 106 − − 27 30 139 − 37.6 −2.9

Europe Total ...................................... 27,282 25,245 26,791 33,365 38,544 27,824 8.1 −8.3 −.2

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 3,468 3,706 4,030 5,165 5,531 3,577 −6.4 −11.0 −.3

Bulgaria............................................. 1,339 1,184 849 602 946 − 13.1 9.1 −

Denmark............................................ − − 106 − 568 405 − −100.0 −100.0

Finland .............................................. 724 311 252 205 389 − 133.1 16.8 −

France................................................ 3,155 2,816 3,101 4,314 5,851 3,864 12.0 −14.3 −2.2

Germany, FR .................................... 231 288 203 247 561 597 −19.9 −19.9 −10.0

Italy ................................................... 4,504 5,045 4,965 6,180 6,489 5,491 −10.7 −8.7 −2.2

Netherlands ....................................... 3,978 3,231 3,743 4,836 4,598 3,139 23.1 −3.5 2.7

Norway.............................................. 92 73 70 91 101 176 25.4 −2.3 −6.9

Portugal ............................................. 30 − 149 135 74 172 − −20.1 −17.6

Romania ............................................ 1,685 663 373 753 1,003 1,103 153.9 13.8 4.8

Spain ................................................. 2,178 2,656 2,994 2,795 3,402 2,232 −18.0 −10.5 −.3

Sweden.............................................. 1,109 702 736 1,165 1,231 1,053 58.0 −2.6 .6

Turkey............................................... 1,806 1,335 1,604 1,989 2,066 2,283 35.3 −3.3 −2.6

United Kingdom ............................... 2,932 3,228 3,573 4,175 4,657 2,788 −9.2 −10.9 .5

Other2 ............................................... 52 7 43 712 1,076 944 NM −53.1 −27.6

Asia Total ........................................... 11,014 9,877 10,608 12,655 12,894 12,936 11.5 −3.9 −1.8

China (Taiwan)................................. 370 296 285 424 459 248 25.3 −5.2 4.5

Israel.................................................. 141 − − 143 109 − − 6.5 −

Japan ................................................. 7,929 7,195 8,028 9,480 9,395 10,479 10.2 −4.1 −3.0

Korea, Republic of ........................... 2,574 2,386 2,276 2,608 2,931 1,962 7.8 −3.2 3.1

Other2 ............................................... − − 19 − − 248 − −−100.0

Africa Total........................................ 2,239 2,040 1,886 1,925 1,731 1,178 9.8 6.6 7.4

Algeria .............................................. 220 355 409 611 522 684 −38.0 −19.4 −11.8

Egypt................................................. 1,233 1,047 868 848 768 408 17.8 12.6 13.1

Morocco ............................................ − − − 41 202 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 786 638 567 425 239 − 23.2 34.7 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 42 − − 86 − −−100.0

Total .................................................... 52,089 47,334 49,652 59,426 64,645 54,977 10.0 −5.3 −.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

148 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... 5,635 5,259 4,366 10,374 7,394 8,150 7.1 −6.6 −4.0

Canada1 ............................................ 4,975 5,161 4,225 10,219 7,159 8,037 −3.6 −8.7 −5.2

Mexico .............................................. 547 26 60 40 52 90 NM 80.5 22.2

Other2 ............................................... 113 71 81 115 184 23 58.1 −11.6 19.2

South America Total......................... 190 20 236 245 245 222 NM −6.1 −1.7

Argentina .......................................... 6 4 38 3 1 1 70.7 57.3 30.3

Brazil ................................................. 15 5 170 205 94 196 216.7 −37.1 −25.0

Other2 ............................................... 169 12 28 37 150 26 NM 3.1 23.3

Europe Total ...................................... 21,338 10,580 10,784 23,891 26,975 14,728 101.7 −5.7 4.2

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 1,033 1,205 1,199 2,031 1,933 786 −14.2 −14.5 3.1

Bulgaria............................................. − 54 57 − − 32 −100.0 − −100.0

Denmark............................................ 2,100 477 230 3,832 4,090 1,717 340.6 −15.3 2.3

Finland .............................................. 584 66 1 − 142 49 NM 42.5 31.6

France................................................ 503 58 870 3,745 3,658 1,525 NM −39.1 −11.6

Germany, FR .................................... 1,722 35 305 756 1,181 214 NM 9.9 26.1

Ireland ............................................... 914 974 985 1,449 1,313 770 −6.1 −8.6 1.9

Italy ................................................... 4,559 2,498 1,954 3,164 4,785 4,867 82.5 −1.2 −.7

Netherlands ....................................... 3,323 1,643 1,819 4,312 5,027 2,492 102.3 −9.8 3.2

Norway.............................................. 28 13 31 27 99 92 111.4 −27.0 −12.3

Portugal............................................. 1,722 1,057 1,342 1,344 1,555 931 63.0 2.6 7.1

Romania ............................................ 299 890 347 − 144 8 −66.4 20.1 50.1

Spain ................................................. 2,475 1,476 1,070 1,740 1,292 387 67.7 17.6 22.9

Sweden .............................................. 9 − − * 8 43 − 1.7 −16.4

Turkey ............................................... 206 − * * 120 135 − 14.4 4.8

United Kingdom ............................... 1,795 135 538 1,421 1,514 119 NM 4.3 35.2

Other2 ............................................... 66 * 35 68 116 562 NM −13.3 −21.2

Asia Total ........................................... 8,081 8,080 8,892 7,885 8,894 6,702 * −2.4 2.1

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,163 3,078 3,150 3,136 4,088 3,442 −29.7 −14.7 −5.0

Israel.................................................. 620 864 849 681 542 381 −28.2 3.4 5.5

Japan ................................................. 3,858 2,963 3,850 2,823 2,874 891 30.2 7.6 17.7

Korea, Republic of ........................... 1,438 1,172 1,040 744 779 1,593 22.8 16.5 −1.1

Other2 ............................................... 2 3 3 500 611 394 −30.3 −75.2 −43.5

Oceania & Australia Total............... *11*** −60.1 12.9 −2.9

Other2 ............................................... * 1 1 * * * −60.1 12.9 −2.9

Africa Total........................................ 1,214 85 588 696 814 738 NM 10.5 5.7

Algeria .............................................. − − − − − 1 − −−100.0

Egypt................................................. 2 1 1 1 1 * 28.3 9.6 42.9

Morocco ............................................ 1,212 83 587 695 811 737 NM 10.6 5.7

South Africa, Rep of ........................ * − − − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 2 −− −100.0 −

Total .................................................... 36,458 24,025 24,867 43,090 44,323 30,541 51.8 −4.8 2.0

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 149 
Table 79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Eastern Total...................................... 55,374 43,474 45,138 64,826 69,185 50,859 27.4 −5.4 0.9

Boston, MA ...................................... 33 − 33 − − −− − −

Baltimore, MD.................................. 11,313 7,912 7,354 9,450 9,790 6,807 43.0 3.7 5.8

Portland, ME..................................... 57 1 1 * − * NM − 86.8

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 1,574 166 67 1,971 773 30 NM 19.5 55.5

New York City, NY ......................... 87 1 1 4 5 380 NM 104.3 −15.1

Ogdensburg, NY............................... 163 337 44 66 110 17 −51.6 10.3 28.4

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 339 213 190 252 639 4,018 59.3 −14.7 −24.0

Norfolk, VA...................................... 41,808 34,845 37,448 53,083 57,868 39,608 20.0 −7.8 .6

St. Albans, VT.................................. ****** −62.2 −40.0 −4.2

Southern Total ................................... 19,936 15,607 16,658 21,343 25,667 18,582 27.7 −6.1 .8

Mobile, AL ....................................... 8,283 4,997 6,262 6,853 8,743 7,615 65.7 −1.3 .9

Savannah, GA................................... 4 1 − 37 * * 406.6 125.8 77.4

Miami, FL......................................... 2 3 2 2 2 1 −37.7 −5.3 3.6

Tampa, FL ........................................ 1 * * − 11 * NM −42.1 22.8

New Orleans, LA ............................. 10,522 9,475 9,705 13,480 15,494 9,504 11.0 −9.2 1.1

Wilmington, NC ............................... − − − − − 266 − −−100.0

San Juan, PR..................................... * 26 * − * 1 −99.7 −15.7 −22.4

Charleston, SC.................................. 401 957 475 791 1,161 1,038 −58.1 −23.3 −10.0

El Paso, TX ...................................... * − *1*2 − 57.7 −15.7

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... 179 121 155 145 206 94 47.8 −3.4 7.4

Laredo, TX ....................................... 542 26 59 36 49 62 NM 82.3 27.3

Virgin Islands ................................... − − − * − * − −−100.0

Western Total .................................... 5,527 3,813 4,201 3,651 4,430 1,732 44.9 5.7 13.8

Anchorage, AK................................. 919 719 733 728 777 691 27.8 4.3 3.2

Nogales, AZ...................................... − *** − −−100.0 − −

Los Angeles, CA .............................. 4,475 2,963 3,358 2,721 2,840 1,029 51.0 12.0 17.7

San Diego, CA ................................. * 11424 −90.4 −57.3 −36.4

San Francisco, CA............................ * 1 − 60 33 2 −61.1 −67.4 −14.4

Great Falls, MT ................................ * 1 * − − 1 −56.4 − −15.0

Portland, OR ..................................... − − 2 − 576 −− −100.0 −

Seattle, WA....................................... 132 128 106 137 202 6 3.3 −10.0 41.1

Northern Total................................... 7,688 8,437 8,495 12,557 9,635 14,344 −8.9 −5.5 −6.7

Chicago, IL ....................................... − 24 − * * 15 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Detroit, MI........................................ 1,845 2,600 609 2,181 520 48 −29.0 37.2 49.9

Duluth, MN....................................... 210 161 134 119 130 * 30.5 12.7 109.6

Pembina, ND .................................... 19 10 1 * * * 79.7 287.6 61.5

Cleveland, OH .................................. 5,614 5,642 7,751 10,258 8,985 14,280 −.5 −11.1 −9.8

Other Ports......................................... 22 28 26 138 51 − −19.3 −18.7 −

Total .................................................... 88,547 71,359 74,519 102,516 108,969 85,518 24.1 −5.0 .4

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

150 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Coal Prices

Mine Prices

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1995 was

$18.83 per short ton, a drop of 3 percent from 1994

and the 13th straight year of decline (Table 80). Since

1986 the average mine price of U.S. coal has declined

at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent. During this

period, the average mine price of coal east of the

Mississippi River decreased at an annual average rate

of 1.2 percent, whereas west of the Mississippi River

the decline was 3.3 percent. In real dollars, the

decline over this period for the United States was 5.6

percent (Table 81).

Compared with 1994, the average mine price of coal

in both the Interior and Western Regions declined 5.3

percent and 4.0 percent, respectively, while the

average price in Appalachia increased 0.3 percent. In

the three largest coal-producing States, prices fell

slightly in West Virginia and Kentucky, while

declining in Wyoming by almost 4 percent.

Consumer Prices

The average price of coal delivered to electric utilities

during 1995 was $27.01 per short ton, 3.6 percent less

than the average price of $28.03 per short ton reported

for 1994 (Table 92). Similarly, compared with 1994,

the average price of coal delivered to industrial consumers other than coke plants declined 0.4 percent to

$32.42 per short ton, while the average price of coal

delivered to coke plants increased 1.7 percent to

$47.34 per short ton (Tables 94 and 96).

The average price of U.S. coal imports in 1995 was

$34.13 per short ton, a 13-percent increase compared

with the 1994 average of $30.21 per short ton.

The average price of U.S. coal exported during 1995

was $40.27 per short ton, 0.8 percent above the

average of $39.93 per short ton reported for 1994

(Table 99). Compared with 1994, the average price of

metallurgical coal exported during 1995 increased 3.6

percent to $44.30 per short ton, while the average

price of steam coal rose 0.5 percent to $34.51 per

short ton (Tables 101 and 103).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 151 
.

Figure 13. Coal Prices, 1986-1995

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

50

 

40

 

30

 

 

 0

//

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Export Prices

Consumer Prices

Import Prices

Mine Prices

152 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Mine Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 153 
Table 80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... $38.44 $40.12 $42.34 $40.82 $41.14 $41.27 −4.2 −1.7 −0.8

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 25.70 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 16.50 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 15.03 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 19.26 19.76 20.35 21.33 22.18 23.44 −2.5 −3.5 −2.2

Illinois .................................................. 23.05 23.14 25.27 27.66 28.35 29.99 −.3 −5.0 −2.9

Indiana ................................................. 21.71 22.28 22.89 23.41 23.58 25.37 −2.5 −2.0 −1.7

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 27.26 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 25.65 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 24.79 24.88 24.77 24.50 25.45 26.09 −.3 −.6 −.6

Eastern .............................................. 26.00 25.25 25.50 25.00 26.37 26.38 2.9 −.3 −.2

Western ............................................. 20.75 23.63 22.36 23.10 22.88 25.31 −12.2 −2.4 −2.2

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 16.70 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 24.69 26.34 25.21 25.39 25.73 25.96 −6.3 −1.0 −.5

Missouri ............................................... 18.91 21.78 w w w 29.67 −13.2 w −4.9

Montana ............................................... 9.62 10.39 11.05 10.20 10.76 12.93 −7.4 −2.7 −3.2

New Mexico ........................................ 23.80 23.29 22.96 23.14 23.25 22.26 2.2 .6 .7

North Dakota ....................................... 7.99 7.62 7.63 7.48 7.84 8.49 4.9 .5 −.7

Ohio ..................................................... 25.97 29.13 28.04 26.93 27.75 32.80 −10.8 −1.6 −2.6

Oklahoma............................................. 24.13 25.57 24.91 25.76 28.52 28.23 −5.6 −4.1 −1.7

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 26.78 26.18 26.50 28.61 29.40 30.30 2.3 −2.3 −1.4

Anthracite.......................................... 39.78 36.07 32.94 34.24 36.34 44.12 10.3 2.3 −1.1

Bituminous........................................ 25.77 25.45 26.03 28.34 29.06 29.50 1.3 −2.9 −1.5

Tennessee............................................. 26.94 27.17 27.23 27.11 26.74 28.00 −.8 .2 −.4

Texas.................................................... 12.16 12.38 12.87 12.42 12.21 11.60 −1.8 −.1 .5

Utah...................................................... 19.10 19.27 20.81 21.11 22.59 27.64 −.9 −4.1 −4.0

Virginia ................................................ 28.47 26.84 26.80 27.55 27.45 28.13 6.1 .9 .1

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 25.73 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 27.18 27.42 27.58 28.15 28.62 30.90 −.9 −1.3 −1.4

Northern ............................................ 24.91 26.77 28.09 29.03 30.16 29.95 −6.9 −4.7 −2.0

Southern ............................................ 28.07 27.71 27.40 27.76 27.93 31.47 1.3 .1 −1.3

Wyoming ............................................. 6.58 6.83 7.32 8.14 8.09 10.85 −3.7 −5.0 −5.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 27.45 27.36 27.64 27.95 28.69 30.05 .3 −1.1 −1.0

Interior Total1 ................................... 18.81 19.87 20.03 21.61 21.86 23.45 −5.3 −3.7 −2.4

Western Total1 .................................. 10.15 10.57 11.14 11.60 11.71 14.03 −4.0 −3.5 −3.5

East of Miss. River............................ 26.35 26.44 26.81 27.34 27.97 29.42 −.4 −1.5 −1.2

West of Miss. River........................... 10.48 10.91 11.50 11.98 12.06 14.12 −3.9 −3.4 −3.3

U.S. Total............................................ 18.83 19.41 19.85 21.03 21.49 23.79 −3.0 −3.3 −2.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

154 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... $35.76 $38.21 $41.27 $40.82 $42.28 $51.20 −6.4 −4.1 −3.9

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 31.89 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 20.48 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 18.65 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 17.91 18.82 19.84 21.33 22.80 29.08 −4.8 −5.8 −5.2

Illinois .................................................. 21.45 22.03 24.63 27.66 29.14 37.21 −2.7 −7.4 −5.9

Indiana ................................................. 20.20 21.22 22.31 23.41 24.24 31.47 −4.8 −4.4 −4.8

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 33.82 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 31.82 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 23.06 23.69 24.15 24.50 26.16 32.38 −2.6 −3.1 −3.7

Eastern .............................................. 24.18 24.05 24.86 25.00 27.10 32.74 .5 −2.8 −3.3

Western ............................................. 19.31 22.51 21.79 23.10 23.52 31.40 −14.2 −4.8 −5.3

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 20.72 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 22.97 25.09 24.57 25.39 26.44 32.21 −8.4 −3.4 −3.7

Missouri ............................................... 17.59 20.74 w w w 36.81 −15.2 w −7.9

Montana ............................................... 8.95 9.90 10.77 10.20 11.05 16.04 −9.5 −5.1 −6.3

New Mexico ........................................ 22.14 22.18 22.38 23.14 23.90 27.61 −.2 −1.9 −2.4

North Dakota ....................................... 7.44 7.26 7.44 7.48 8.05 10.53 2.4 −2.0 −3.8

Ohio ..................................................... 24.15 27.74 27.33 26.93 28.52 40.69 −12.9 −4.1 −5.6

Oklahoma............................................. 22.45 24.35 24.28 25.76 29.31 35.03 −7.8 −6.4 −4.8

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 24.91 24.94 25.83 28.61 30.21 37.59 −.1 −4.7 −4.5

Anthracite.......................................... 37.01 34.35 32.11 34.24 37.35 54.74 7.7 −.2 −4.3

Bituminous........................................ 23.97 24.23 25.37 28.34 29.86 36.61 −1.1 −5.3 −4.6

Tennessee............................................. 25.06 25.87 26.54 27.11 27.48 34.74 −3.1 −2.3 −3.6

Texas.................................................... 11.31 11.79 12.54 12.42 12.55 14.40 −4.1 −2.5 −2.6

Utah...................................................... 17.77 18.35 20.28 21.11 23.22 34.29 −3.2 −6.5 −7.0

Virginia ................................................ 26.48 25.56 26.13 27.55 28.21 34.90 3.6 −1.6 −3.0

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 31.92 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 25.28 26.12 26.88 28.15 29.42 38.34 −3.2 −3.7 −4.5

Northern ............................................ 23.18 25.50 27.38 29.03 31.00 37.15 −9.1 −7.0 −5.1

Southern ............................................ 26.11 26.39 26.70 27.76 28.70 39.04 −1.0 −2.3 −4.4

Wyoming ............................................. 6.12 6.50 7.13 8.14 8.32 13.47 −5.9 −7.4 −8.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 25.53 26.06 26.94 27.95 29.49 37.28 −2.0 −3.5 −4.1

Interior Total1 ................................... 17.50 18.92 19.52 21.61 22.47 29.10 −7.5 −6.1 −5.5

Western Total1 .................................. 9.44 10.07 10.86 11.60 12.04 17.41 −6.2 −5.9 −6.6

East of Miss. River............................ 24.51 25.18 26.13 27.34 28.75 36.50 −2.7 −3.9 −4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 9.75 10.39 11.21 11.98 12.39 17.52 −6.2 −5.8 −6.3

U.S. Total............................................ 17.52 18.49 19.35 21.03 22.09 29.52 −5.2 −5.6 −5.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average mine

price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 155 
Table 82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1995

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Nominal Real1 Nominal Real1 Real1

Nominal

Alabama .................................................. $39.26 $36.52 $36.38 $33.84 $38.44 $35.76

Alaska ..................................................... − − wwww

Arizona .................................................... − − wwww

Arkansas .................................................. − − wwww

Colorado .................................................. 18.58 17.28 20.63 19.19 19.26 17.91

Illinois ..................................................... 22.88 21.29 24.04 22.36 23.05 21.45

Indiana .................................................... wwww 21.71 20.20

Kansas ..................................................... − − wwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... 25.18 23.42 24.19 22.50 24.79 23.06

Eastern .................................................. 26.52 24.67 25.24 23.48 26.00 24.18

Western ................................................ 21.33 19.84 19.46 18.10 20.75 19.31

Louisiana ................................................. − − wwww

Maryland ................................................. wwww 24.69 22.97

Missouri .................................................. − − 18.91 17.59 18.91 17.59

Montana .................................................. − − 9.62 8.95 9.62 8.95

New Mexico ........................................... wwww 23.80 22.14

North Dakota .......................................... − − 7.99 7.44 7.99 7.44

Ohio ........................................................ 28.98 26.96 22.92 21.32 25.97 24.15

Oklahoma ................................................ wwww 24.13 22.45

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 27.09 25.20 26.14 24.31 26.78 24.91

Anthracite ............................................. 36.91 34.33 39.97 37.18 39.78 37.01

Bituminous ........................................... 27.02 25.14 22.45 20.88 25.77 23.97

Tennessee ................................................ wwww 26.94 25.06

Texas ....................................................... − − 12.16 11.31 12.16 11.31

Utah ......................................................... 19.10 17.77 − − 19.10 17.77

Virginia ................................................... 29.20 27.16 26.34 24.51 28.47 26.48

Washington ............................................. − − wwww

West Virginia Total................................ 27.77 25.83 25.95 24.14 27.18 25.28

Northern ............................................... 25.17 23.41 22.97 21.37 24.91 23.18

Southern ............................................... 29.30 27.25 26.29 24.45 28.07 26.11

Wyoming ................................................ wwww 6.58 6.12

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 28.24 26.27 25.97 24.16 27.45 25.53

Interior Total2 ...................................... 22.57 21.00 16.19 15.06 18.81 17.50

Western Total2...................................... 18.85 17.53 9.13 8.49 10.15 9.44

East of Miss. River ............................... 27.12 25.23 24.93 23.19 26.35 24.51

West of Miss. River.............................. 18.85 17.53 9.63 8.96 10.48 9.75

U.S. Total............................................... 26.18 24.36 14.25 13.26 18.83 17.52

1 Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average nominal prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

156 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... $37.44 − $39.43 − $39.26

Colorado .............................................. w w 18.91 − 18.58

Illinois .................................................. $23.13 − 22.56 − 22.88

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 25.37 $25.61 24.21 $20.19 25.18

Eastern .............................................. 26.93 w w 20.19 26.52

Western ............................................. 20.83 w w − 21.33

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

New Mexico ........................................ − − w − w

Ohio ..................................................... 21.34 − $30.12 − 28.98

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. w $29.25 w w 27.09

Anthracite .......................................... w 35.25 − w 36.91

Bituminous ........................................ w 27.93 w − 27.02

Tennessee ............................................. w −−− w

Utah ...................................................... w w $19.35 − 19.10

Virginia ................................................ $28.06 w 31.41 w 29.20

West Virginia Total............................. 28.24 $27.31 27.43 − 27.77

Northern ............................................ 21.11 20.20 26.28 − 25.17

Southern ............................................ 29.10 29.33 29.81 − 29.30

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 27.98 w w 21.35 28.24

Interior Total5 ................................... 22.62 w w − 22.57

Western Total5 .................................. 16.42 17.98 19.12 − 18.85

East of Miss. River............................ 26.60 26.86 27.80 21.35 27.12

West of Miss. River........................... 16.45 17.98 19.12 − 18.85

U.S. Total............................................ 26.35 26.66 25.96 21.35 26.18

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 157 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1995

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Alabama ............................................ 73 24,640 38.44

Blount ........................................... 2 20 w

Cullman ........................................ 3 90 w

Fayette .......................................... 1 1,984 w

Jackson ......................................... 1 46 w

Jefferson ....................................... 10 8,225 $41.77

Marion .......................................... 6 214 30.13

Shelby ........................................... 1 857 w

Tuscaloosa .................................... 10 8,265 w

Walker .......................................... 35 4,631 36.76

Winston ........................................ 4 310 w

Alaska ................................................ 1 1,698 w

Yukon River................................. 1 1,698 w

Arizona .............................................. 2 11,947 w

Navajo .......................................... 2 11,947 w

Arkansas ............................................ 3 29 w

Johnson ......................................... 2 24 w

Sebastian ...................................... 1 5 −

Colorado ............................................ 17 25,710 19.26

Delta ............................................. 1 405 w

Fremont ........................................ 1 302 w

Garfield ........................................ 1 * −

Gunnison ...................................... 3 6,870 w

La Plata ........................................ 1 209 w

Las Animas .................................. 1 1,156 w

Mesa ............................................. 1 607 w

Moffat ........................................... 3 7,133 w

Montrose ...................................... 1 374 w

Rio Blanco ................................... 1 1,047 w

Routt ............................................. 3 7,608 w

Illinois ................................................ 31 48,180 23.05

Clinton .......................................... 1 2,998 w

Franklin ........................................ 2 5,298 w

Fulton ........................................... 1 469 w

Gallatin ......................................... 1 1,086 w

Jackson ......................................... 1 19 w

Jefferson ....................................... 2 4,705 w

Logan ............................................ 1 1,745 w

Macoupin ...................................... 3 4,815 w

McDonough .................................. 1 278 w

Perry ............................................. 6 6,647 w

Randolph ...................................... 2 2,891 w

Saline ............................................ 4 7,809 $23.49

Schuyler ........................................ 1 504 w

Wabash ......................................... 1 2,557 w

Washington .................................. 1 3,259 w

White ............................................ 1 1,808 w

Williamson ................................... 2 1,293 w

Indiana .............................................. 42 26,007 21.71

Clay .............................................. 5 1,178 $22.47

Daviess ......................................... 6 3,341 19.02

Dubois .......................................... 1 458 w

Gibson .......................................... 2 1,550 w

Greene .......................................... 5 2,741 20.68

Knox ............................................. 4 2,828 w

Owen ............................................ 1 354 w

Pike ............................................... 5 2,492 17.76

Spencer ......................................... 2 196 w

Sullivan ........................................ 3 3,823 w

Vigo .............................................. 1 1,204 w

Warrick ......................................... 7 5,841 w

Kansas ............................................... 1 285 w

Crawford ...................................... 1 285 w

Kentucky ........................................... 598 153,739 24.79

Bell ............................................... 24 4,977 $26.50

Breathitt ........................................ 8 2,505 22.16

Butler ............................................ 1 170 w

Christian ....................................... 1 3 −

Clay .............................................. 8 257 w

Daviess ......................................... 6 742 w

Floyd ............................................ 52 6,451 23.09

See footnotes at end of table.

158 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Kentucky (Continued)

Greenup ........................................ 1 1 −

Harlan ........................................... 56 10,926 $29.89

Henderson .................................... 6 2,702 w

Hopkins ........................................ 14 8,466 21.13

Jackson ......................................... 1 31 w

Johnson ......................................... 12 1,258 23.42

Knott ............................................. 48 11,994 25.92

Knox ............................................. 22 725 27.85

Laurel ........................................... 1 11 w

Lawrence ...................................... 3 242 w

Leslie ............................................ 12 8,752 24.33

Letcher .......................................... 42 8,159 25.56

Magoffin ....................................... 5 1,005 w

Martin ........................................... 34 12,108 29.72

McLean ........................................ 2 448 w

Muhlenberg .................................. 5 2,983 15.98

Ohio .............................................. 12 2,763 17.62

Owsley .......................................... 2 161 w

Perry ............................................. 29 12,105 25.44

Pike ............................................... 161 35,525 25.00

Union ............................................ 4 6,398 w

Webster ........................................ 7 10,524 22.55

Whitley ......................................... 18 1,337 33.04

Wolfe ............................................ 1 12 w

Louisiana ........................................... 2 3,719 w

De Soto ........................................ 1 2,881 w

Red River ..................................... 1 838 w

Maryland ........................................... 20 3,667 24.69

Allegany ....................................... 12 623 w

Garrett .......................................... 8 3,045 w

Missouri ............................................. 6 548 18.91

Barton ........................................... 1 198 w

Bates ............................................. 2 102 w

Ralls .............................................. 1 57 w

Randolph ...................................... 1 141 w

Vernon .......................................... 1 49 w

Montana ............................................ 8 39,451 9.62

Big Horn ...................................... 4 23,179 $11.17

Musselshell ................................... 1 10 −

Richland ....................................... 1 297 w

Rosebud ........................................ 2 15,965 w

New Mexico ...................................... 7 26,813 23.80

Colfax ........................................... 2 1,855 w

McKinley ...................................... 2 10,596 w

San Juan ....................................... 3 14,361 w

North Dakota.................................... 6 30,112 7.99

Bowman ....................................... 1 1,267 w

McLean ........................................ 1 7,071 w

Mercer .......................................... 2 16,502 w

Oliver ............................................ 2 5,271 w

Ohio ................................................... 113 26,118 25.97

Belmont ........................................ 10 5,164 w

Carroll .......................................... 6 203 $18.28

Columbiana .................................. 10 956 17.45

Coshocton ..................................... 6 884 w

Gallia ............................................ 1 189 w

Guernsey ...................................... 6 272 20.18

Harrison ........................................ 12 2,172 20.90

Hocking ........................................ 1 1 −

Holmes ......................................... 3 206 w

Jackson ......................................... 4 1,084 w

Jefferson ....................................... 12 766 23.58

Lawrence ...................................... 1 3 −

Mahoning ..................................... 2 12 −

Meigs ............................................ 2 4,721 w

Monroe ......................................... 1 2,722 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 1,058 w

Muskingum .................................. 2 180 w

Noble ............................................ 1 823 w

Perry ............................................. 6 763 19.11

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 159 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Ohio (Continued)

Stark ............................................. 6 312 $15.60

Tuscarawas ................................... 15 1,518 17.82

Vinton ........................................... 5 2,110 22.28

Oklahoma .......................................... 13 1,876 24.13

Craig ............................................. 1 139 w

Haskell .......................................... 1 16 w

Latimer ......................................... 1 222 w

Le Flore........................................ 6 1,309 $23.31

Nowata ......................................... 2 159 w

Okmulgee ..................................... 2 31 w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 459 61,576 26.78

Allegheny ..................................... 5 27 w

Armstrong .................................... 41 5,374 $32.31

Beaver .......................................... 2 125 w

Bedford ......................................... 1 2 −

Blair .............................................. 1 69 w

Butler ............................................ 7 135 21.90

Cambria ........................................ 14 1,484 24.80

Carbon .......................................... 1 432 w

Centre ........................................... 3 142 w

Clarion .......................................... 6 624 w

Clearfield ...................................... 56 4,499 24.73

Clinton .......................................... 1 1 −

Columbia ...................................... 4 203 w

Dauphin ........................................ 1 2 −

Elk ................................................ 5 369 25.04

Fayette .......................................... 27 375 21.88

Greene .......................................... 14 28,390 25.38

Indiana .......................................... 32 4,243 32.74

Jefferson ....................................... 33 1,461 25.61

Lackawanna .................................. 7 414 w

Lawrence ...................................... 5 165 w

Luzerne ......................................... 16 879 45.82

Lycoming ..................................... 1 290 w

Mercer .......................................... 2 8 −

Northumberland ........................... 21 334 w

Schuylkill ..................................... 82 2,392 48.23

Snyder .......................................... 1 1 −

Somerset ....................................... 42 5,611 18.81

Sullivan ........................................ 1 27 w

Washington .................................. 10 2,749 24.93

Westmoreland .............................. 17 751 20.05

Tennessee .......................................... 25 3,221 26.94

Anderson ...................................... 3 216 w

Bledsoe ......................................... 1 8 −

Campbell ...................................... 10 1,252 $27.79

Claiborne ...................................... 2 364 w

Fentress ........................................ 1 95 w

Marion .......................................... 2 111 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 25 w

Scott .............................................. 1 215 w

Sequatchie .................................... 4 936 w

Texas .................................................. 14 52,684 12.16

Atascosa ....................................... 1 2,924 w

Freestone ...................................... 1 4,759 w

Grimes .......................................... 1 3,312 w

Harrison ........................................ 2 4,015 w

Hopkins ........................................ 1 1,325 w

Leon .............................................. 1 8,304 w

Milam ........................................... 1 5,828 w

Panola ........................................... 1 7,004 w

Robertson ..................................... 1 1,980 w

Rusk .............................................. 1 5,537 w

Titus .............................................. 1 7,385 w

Webb ............................................ 2 312 w

Utah ................................................... 13 25,167 19.10

Carbon .......................................... 6 11,227 $21.12

Emery ........................................... 6 10,066 w

Sevier ............................................ 1 3,874 w

See footnotes at end of table.

160 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1995 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Virginia .............................................. 194 34,099 28.47

Buchanan ...................................... 73 13,792 $28.47

Dickenson ..................................... 24 2,704 30.00

Lee ................................................ 13 1,984 27.70

Russell .......................................... 12 1,729 w

Scott .............................................. 1 21 w

Tazewell ....................................... 16 2,156 32.64

Wise .............................................. 55 11,713 27.39

Washington ....................................... 3 4,868 w

King .............................................. 1 241 w

Lewis ............................................ 1 2,617 w

Thurston ....................................... 1 2,009 w

West Virginia.................................... 424 162,997 27.18

Barbour ......................................... 8 1,570 w

Boone ........................................... 43 26,801 $29.24

Braxton ......................................... 1 201 w

Brooke .......................................... 1 1,051 w

Clay .............................................. 8 4,392 w

Fayette .......................................... 12 4,265 28.69

Gilmer .......................................... 1 32 w

Grant ............................................. 5 3,510 w

Greenbrier .................................... 8 338 22.51

Harrison ........................................ 14 4,078 w

Kanawha ....................................... 15 10,609 23.93

Lincoln ......................................... 1 3 −

Logan ............................................ 35 18,644 26.19

Marion .......................................... 7 3,623 w

Marshall ........................................ 2 7,892 w

McDowell ..................................... 79 5,489 26.57

Mineral ......................................... 2 121 w

Mingo ........................................... 54 23,888 29.17

Monongalia .................................. 14 14,880 w

Nicholas ........................................ 20 3,930 29.40

Preston .......................................... 16 1,906 24.27

Raleigh ......................................... 22 7,693 29.56

Randolph ...................................... 4 676 25.93

Tucker .......................................... 1 128 w

Upshur .......................................... 12 1,607 18.78

Wayne .......................................... 7 2,717 w

Webster ........................................ 10 4,840 21.72

Wyoming ...................................... 22 8,114 29.80

Wyoming ........................................... 29 263,822 6.58

Campbell ...................................... 17 232,255 $5.68

Carbon .......................................... 4 3,723 w

Converse ....................................... 2 14,120 w

Lincoln ......................................... 2 4,444 w

Sheridan ........................................ 1 38 w

Sweetwater ................................... 3 9,242 w

U.S. Total .......................................... 2,104 1,032,974 18.83

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production and excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 161 
Table 85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region

Alabama............................................... $38.44 − − − $38.44

Alaska .................................................. − w − − w

Arizona ................................................ w −−− w

Arkansas .............................................. − − − w w

Colorado .............................................. 18.48 $20.82 − − 19.26

Illinois .................................................. 23.05 − − − 23.05

Indiana ................................................. 21.71 − − − 21.71

Kansas .................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 24.79 − − − 24.79

Eastern .............................................. 26.00 − − − 26.00

Western ............................................. 20.75 − − − 20.75

Louisiana .............................................. − − w − w

Maryland.............................................. 24.69 − − − 24.69

Missouri ............................................... 18.91 − − − 18.91

Montana ............................................... − w w − 9.62

New Mexico ........................................ w w − − 23.80

North Dakota ....................................... − − $7.99 − 7.99

Ohio ..................................................... $25.97 − − − 25.97

Oklahoma............................................. 24.13 − − − 24.13

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 25.77 − − $39.78 26.78

Anthracite.......................................... − − − 39.78 39.78

Bituminous........................................ 25.77 − − − 25.77

Tennessee............................................. 26.94 − − − 26.94

Texas .................................................... w − w − 12.16

Utah...................................................... $19.10 − − − 19.10

Virginia ................................................ 28.47 − − − 28.47

Washington .......................................... w w − − w

West Virginia Total............................. 27.18 −−− 27.18

Northern ............................................ 24.91 − − − 24.91

Southern ............................................ 28.07 − − − 28.07

Wyoming ............................................. w w − − 6.58

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 27.32 − − 39.78 27.45

Interior Total1 ................................... 22.03 w 12.35 w 18.81

Western Total1 .................................. 20.51 w 8.02 − 10.15

East of Miss. River............................ 26.24 − − 39.78 26.35

West of Miss. River........................... 20.62 8.10 10.83 w 10.48

U.S. Total............................................ 25.56 8.10 10.83 2 39.78 18.83

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

162 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Mine Production Range Underground Surface (thousand short tons) Total

Over 1,000 ......................................... $25.82 $11.75 $16.37

500 to 1,000....................................... 27.09 23.59 25.41

200 to 500.......................................... 27.22 23.96 25.74

100 to 200.......................................... 25.42 24.06 24.80

50 to 100............................................ 25.95 25.61 25.81

10 to 50.............................................. 26.18 23.87 24.73

U.S. Total .......................................... 26.18 14.25 18.83

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface (inches) Total

 < 7 .................................................... − $21.97 $21.97

7-12 .................................................... − 29.30 29.30

13-18 .................................................. − 25.85 25.85

19-24 .................................................. $24.71 23.80 23.83

25-30 .................................................. 28.01 23.08 24.05

31-36 .................................................. 27.81 23.68 25.59

37-42 .................................................. 27.31 24.13 25.95

43-48 .................................................. 28.08 23.88 26.66

49-54 .................................................. 28.56 24.27 27.03

55-60 .................................................. 29.02 22.18 27.24

61-66 .................................................. 26.29 25.16 26.00

67-72 .................................................. 26.23 19.40 24.11

73-78 .................................................. 24.84 20.30 23.13

79-84 .................................................. 24.10 19.20 22.54

85-90 .................................................. 24.08 16.39 18.95

91-96 .................................................. 27.96 24.22 27.23

97-102 ................................................ 20.62 24.66 22.91

103-108 .............................................. 26.84 21.55 25.43

109-114 .............................................. 14.85 28.28 18.76

115-120 .............................................. 27.15 23.98 26.47

> 120 .............................................. 16.78 8.59 9.05

U.S. Total .......................................... 26.18 14.25 18.83

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 163 
Table 88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − w $33.07 $37.58 w $38.44

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Arkansas .................................................. −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. − $15.59 19.82 w w 19.26

Illinois ..................................................... w w 21.46 $25.05 w 23.05

Indiana .................................................... − w 20.63 w − 21.71

Kansas ..................................................... −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... $23.67 $25.26 24.57 $25.01 $25.18 24.79

Eastern .................................................. w w 25.88 26.11 w 26.00

Western ................................................ w w 19.94 21.68 w 20.75

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − w 20.77 w 24.69

Missouri .................................................. − w w w w 18.91

Montana .................................................. w w −−− 9.62

New Mexico ........................................... − w $24.95 w − 23.80

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 7.99

Ohio ........................................................ − $18.63 24.68 $27.89 $18.90 25.97

Oklahoma ................................................ − − w w w 24.13

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $28.89 24.68 $23.65 $28.62 $35.04 26.78

Anthracite ............................................. 28.89 34.96 21.42 60.43 47.07 39.78

Bituminous ........................................... − 24.32 23.76 26.10 33.95 25.77

Tennessee ................................................ w − 25.95 27.40 w 26.94

Texas ....................................................... − 11.73 w w − 12.16

Utah ......................................................... − 17.76 $21.62 $15.99 − 19.10

Virginia ................................................... − w w 28.53 $28.64 28.47

Washington ............................................. − − w w − w

West Virginia Total................................ w w $25.75 29.38 28.40 27.18

Northern ............................................... − w 24.06 26.91 26.98 24.91

Southern ............................................... w $27.30 26.58 30.32 29.13 28.07

Wyoming ................................................ w w 17.70 − w 6.58

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 28.42 25.93 25.72 28.72 33.74 27.45

Interior Total1 ...................................... 18.95 12.34 18.90 23.87 17.49 18.81

Western Total1...................................... 6.21 15.89 21.35 24.81 10.36 10.15

East of Miss. River ............................... 27.28 25.54 24.53 27.73 33.68 26.35

West of Miss. River.............................. 6.21 14.55 19.27 24.71 16.18 10.48

U.S. Total............................................... 6.30 17.37 23.29 27.60 33.40 18.83

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

164 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − − w $37.88 w $39.26

Colorado .................................................. − www − 18.58

Illinois ..................................................... − − $21.08 w − 22.88

Indiana .................................................... −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... − w 24.80 $25.33 $25.28 25.18

Eastern .................................................. − w 26.26 26.69 25.28 26.52

Western ................................................ − − 20.39 21.97 − 21.33

Maryland ................................................. − − w − − w

New Mexico ........................................... −−− w − w

Ohio ........................................................ − − w w − 28.98

Oklahoma ................................................ −−−− w w

Pennsylvania Total ................................. − w $24.88 w 37.29 27.09

Anthracite ............................................. −−− w 37.84 36.91

Bituminous ........................................... − w 24.88 w 37.26 27.02

Tennessee ................................................ − − wwww

Utah ......................................................... − $17.76 21.62 $15.99 − 19.10

Virginia ................................................... − − 32.13 28.96 28.53 29.20

West Virginia Total................................ − 27.38 25.87 29.52 28.39 27.77

Northern ............................................... − w 24.12 27.11 w 25.17

Southern ............................................... − w 27.75 30.49 w 29.30

Wyoming ................................................ − − w − w w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. − w 26.19 29.13 34.64 28.24

Interior Total1 ...................................... − − 20.87 24.09 w 22.57

Western Total1...................................... − w 19.83 26.00 w 18.85

East of Miss. River ............................... − w 24.95 28.05 34.64 27.12

West of Miss. River.............................. − w 19.83 26.00 w 18.85

U.S. Total............................................... − 21.02 24.49 27.98 34.61 26.18

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 165 
Table 90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

(short tons per miner per hour) Coal-Producing State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − w $36.18 $36.81 w $36.38

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Arkansas .................................................. −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. − w w − w 20.63

Illinois ..................................................... w w w 24.68 w 24.04

Indiana .................................................... − www − w

Kansas ..................................................... −−− w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... $23.67 $22.97 $24.32 24.09 $24.68 24.19

Eastern .................................................. w w 25.52 24.75 w 25.24

Western ................................................ w w 19.34 20.05 w 19.46

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. −−− www

Missouri .................................................. − w w w w 18.91

Montana .................................................. w $16.74 −−− 9.62

New Mexico ........................................... − www − w

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 7.99

Ohio ........................................................ − $18.63 20.25 $26.38 $18.90 22.92

Oklahoma ................................................ − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $28.89 22.17 20.46 29.76 31.12 26.14

Anthracite ............................................. 28.89 34.96 21.42 61.35 52.60 39.97

Bituminous ........................................... − 18.35 20.26 23.25 27.52 22.45

Tennessee ................................................ w − wwww

Texas ....................................................... − 11.73 w w − 12.16

Virginia ................................................... − w w $26.29 32.39 26.34

Washington ............................................. − − w w − w

West Virginia Total................................ w w $25.61 28.30 28.44 25.95

Northern ............................................... − w 23.63 24.22 w 22.97

Southern ............................................... w $26.24 25.81 29.14 w 26.29

Wyoming ................................................ w w w − w w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 28.42 24.93 25.16 27.49 29.57 25.97

Interior Total1 ...................................... 18.95 12.34 17.60 23.14 17.27 16.19

Western Total1...................................... 6.21 15.47 21.81 w 8.39 9.13

East of Miss. River ............................... 27.28 24.15 24.03 26.72 29.31 24.93

West of Miss. River.............................. 6.21 13.91 19.15 22.69 15.84 9.63

U.S. Total............................................... 6.30 15.63 22.27 26.45 28.31 14.25

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

166 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2

State and Region Total

Alabama ................................................................ w w 38.44

Alaska .................................................................... w w w

Arizona .................................................................. w − w

Arkansas ................................................................ − w w

Colorado ................................................................ 19.26 − 19.26

Illinois ................................................................... w w 23.05

Indiana................................................................... 21.72 15.76 21.71

Kansas ................................................................... w − w

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 24.74 28.41 24.79

Eastern................................................................ 25.95 28.41 26.00

Western .............................................................. 20.75 − 20.75

Louisiana ............................................................... w − w

Maryland ............................................................... w w 24.69

Missouri ................................................................ 18.91 − 18.91

Montana ................................................................ w w 9.62

New Mexico.......................................................... 23.80 − 23.80

North Dakota ........................................................ w w 7.99

Ohio....................................................................... 21.53 40.04 25.97

Oklahoma .............................................................. 24.13 − 24.13

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 27.00 19.78 26.78

Anthracite........................................................... 48.90 19.78 39.78

Bituminous ......................................................... 25.82 19.77 25.77

Tennessee .............................................................. 26.94 − 26.94

Texas ..................................................................... 13.47 11.67 12.16

Utah....................................................................... 20.41 16.33 19.10

Virginia ................................................................. 28.30 30.24 28.47

Washington ........................................................... w w w

West Virginia Total .............................................. 27.01 34.37 27.18

Northern ............................................................. 24.47 36.28 24.91

Southern ............................................................. 27.99 32.74 28.07

Wyoming ............................................................... 6.14 13.13 6.58

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 27.19 33.52 27.45

Interior Total3..................................................... 20.88 11.88 18.81

Western Total3.................................................... 9.77 14.54 10.15

East of Miss. River ............................................. 26.10 33.43 26.35

West of Miss. River ............................................ 10.04 13.02 10.48

U.S. Total ............................................................. 18.99 17.14 18.83

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 167 
Consumer Prices

Figure 14. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1986-1995

30

40

50

60

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

 0

//

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 169 
Table 92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ $43.34 $42.81 $43.34 $45.14 $47.13 $49.92 1.2 −2.1 −1.5

Connecticut ....................................... 49.33 46.45 44.80 51.30 57.35 59.83 6.2 −3.7 −2.1

Massachusetts ................................... 42.63 43.00 43.39 44.11 45.33 47.00 −.8 −1.5 −1.1

New Hampshire ................................ 41.67 39.66 42.39 44.69 46.20 53.51 5.0 −2.5 −2.7

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 34.63 36.33 36.66 37.56 38.99 37.90 −4.7 −2.9 −1.0

New Jersey........................................ 47.17 48.49 47.50 46.62 47.76 47.84 −2.7 −.3 −.1

New York ......................................... 36.86 37.63 38.63 38.62 41.19 41.96 −2.1 −2.7 −1.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 33.48 35.39 35.73 36.81 38.05 36.65 −5.4 −3.1 −1.0

East North Central Total ................. 29.67 30.56 30.98 32.05 32.63 38.69 −2.9 −2.3 −2.9

Illinois ............................................... 32.58 32.69 35.30 37.06 36.76 44.71 −.3 −3.0 −3.4

Indiana .............................................. 25.94 26.79 26.73 27.89 28.41 33.70 −3.2 −2.2 −2.9

Michigan ........................................... 30.95 32.90 33.17 34.23 35.20 42.48 −5.9 −3.2 −3.4

Ohio .................................................. 34.44 34.70 34.05 34.40 35.33 38.80 −.8 −.6 −1.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 21.23 23.13 22.96 25.92 26.19 31.37 −8.2 −5.1 −4.2

West North Central Total ................ 16.10 16.76 16.88 18.92 19.44 22.41 −3.9 −4.6 −3.6

Iowa .................................................. 17.13 17.39 17.53 19.58 19.62 25.20 −1.5 −3.3 −4.2

Kansas............................................... 17.83 17.85 17.69 20.99 22.06 23.02 −.1 −5.2 −2.8

Minnesota.......................................... 20.12 20.09 20.07 20.96 22.18 23.74 .2 −2.4 −1.8

Missouri ............................................ 18.14 21.39 24.40 27.57 27.65 31.35 −15.2 −10.0 −5.9

Nebraska ........................................... 12.86 13.11 12.92 12.77 12.73 18.12 −1.9 .3 −3.7

North Dakota .................................... 9.65 9.28 9.38 9.45 9.37 10.81 4.0 .7 −1.3

South Dakota .................................... 14.35 13.10 13.30 13.68 13.65 15.10 9.6 1.3 −.6

South Atlantic Total.......................... 38.25 39.53 40.80 41.28 42.18 43.28 −3.2 −2.4 −1.4

Delaware ........................................... 42.27 41.98 44.02 45.31 46.51 49.75 .7 −2.3 −1.8

Florida............................................... 43.93 43.71 43.58 45.03 45.87 47.36 .5 −1.1 −.8

Georgia.............................................. 38.62 39.82 43.29 43.36 42.95 43.95 −3.0 −2.6 −1.4

Maryland........................................... 39.00 39.84 40.78 40.68 41.83 42.28 −2.1 −1.7 −.9

North Carolina .................................. 40.57 41.77 42.36 43.00 44.49 46.40 −2.9 −2.3 −1.5

South Carolina .................................. 38.86 39.84 40.17 39.13 41.37 46.23 −2.5 −1.5 −1.9

Virginia ............................................. 36.90 37.05 37.57 37.81 38.87 43.86 −.4 −1.3 −1.9

West Virginia.................................... 31.61 34.70 35.42 36.88 37.93 37.25 −8.9 −4.4 −1.8

East South Central Total.................. 30.08 32.43 33.30 33.05 33.93 37.59 −7.2 −3.0 −2.4

Alabama ............................................ 37.00 40.42 42.56 41.67 43.82 46.51 −8.4 −4.1 −2.5

Kentucky........................................... 25.71 27.16 27.29 27.01 27.19 30.84 −5.4 −1.4 −2.0

Mississippi ........................................ 34.40 35.54 40.51 39.94 41.92 56.11 −3.2 −4.8 −5.3

Tennessee.......................................... 27.94 30.61 30.94 31.01 30.48 33.79 −8.7 −2.1 −2.1

West South Central Total ................ 20.66 20.79 22.14 22.55 22.98 24.38 −.6 −2.6 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 27.99 27.91 29.50 28.84 27.90 27.10 .3 .1 .3

Louisiana........................................... 25.13 25.04 25.65 24.93 27.09 29.14 .3 −1.9 −1.6

Oklahoma.......................................... 17.00 17.50 21.32 21.47 23.17 28.36 −2.8 −7.4 −5.5

Texas................................................. 19.65 19.84 20.91 21.58 21.66 22.59 −.9 −2.4 −1.5

Mountain Total.................................. 21.51 21.83 22.11 21.64 22.22 22.47 −1.5 −.8 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 28.65 28.26 27.78 28.31 29.16 28.70 1.4 −.4 *

Colorado............................................ 20.73 21.01 21.59 21.67 21.49 22.96 −1.3 −.9 −1.1

Montana ............................................ 11.47 11.79 11.78 12.14 11.44 11.53 −2.7 * −.1

Nevada .............................................. 29.02 32.37 32.34 32.32 31.28 31.23 −10.3 −1.8 −.8

New Mexico ..................................... 25.59 25.48 24.61 23.83 25.02 20.64 .4 .6 2.4

Utah................................................... 25.27 26.10 27.34 27.54 27.40 32.32 −3.2 −2.0 −2.7

Wyoming .......................................... 14.29 14.09 14.03 13.42 14.55 16.06 1.4 −.4 −1.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 22.83 21.93 21.55 22.17 23.16 27.31 4.1 −.3 −2.0

Oregon .............................................. 18.79 19.18 19.75 21.23 18.28 − −2.0 .7 −

Washington ....................................... 23.74 22.93 22.09 22.48 24.86 27.31 3.5 −1.1 −1.5

U.S. Total............................................ 27.01 28.03 28.58 29.36 30.02 33.30 −3.6 −2.6 −2.3

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

170 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by

Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ $40.32 $40.77 $42.24 $45.14 $48.44 $61.93 −1.1 −4.5 −4.6

Connecticut ....................................... 45.89 44.24 43.66 51.30 58.94 74.23 3.7 −6.1 −5.2

Massachusetts ................................... 39.66 40.96 42.29 44.11 46.59 58.31 −3.2 −3.9 −4.2

New Hampshire ................................ 38.76 37.77 41.32 44.69 47.49 66.39 2.6 −4.9 −5.8

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 32.21 34.60 35.73 37.56 40.07 47.02 −6.9 −5.3 −4.1

New Jersey........................................ 43.88 46.18 46.30 46.62 49.08 59.35 −5.0 −2.8 −3.3

New York ......................................... 34.29 35.84 37.65 38.62 42.34 52.06 −4.3 −5.1 −4.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 31.15 33.70 34.82 36.81 39.11 45.47 −7.6 −5.5 −4.1

East North Central Total ................. 27.60 29.11 30.20 32.05 33.54 48.00 −5.2 −4.8 −6.0

Illinois ............................................... 30.30 31.14 34.41 37.06 37.78 55.47 −2.7 −5.4 −6.5

Indiana .............................................. 24.13 25.52 26.06 27.89 29.19 41.81 −5.4 −4.6 −5.9

Michigan ........................................... 28.79 31.33 32.33 34.23 36.17 52.71 −8.1 −5.5 −6.5

Ohio .................................................. 32.03 33.05 33.19 34.40 36.31 48.14 −3.0 −3.1 −4.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 19.75 22.03 22.38 25.92 26.92 38.92 −10.3 −7.4 −7.3

West North Central Total ................ 14.98 15.96 16.45 18.92 19.98 27.81 −6.1 −6.9 −6.6

Iowa .................................................. 15.93 16.57 17.08 19.58 20.17 31.27 −3.8 −5.7 −7.2

Kansas............................................... 16.59 17.00 17.24 20.99 22.67 28.56 −2.4 −7.5 −5.9

Minnesota.......................................... 18.72 19.13 19.56 20.96 22.80 29.45 −2.1 −4.8 −4.9

Missouri ............................................ 16.88 20.37 23.78 27.57 28.41 38.89 −17.2 −12.2 −8.8

Nebraska ........................................... 11.97 12.49 12.59 12.77 13.08 22.49 −4.2 −2.2 −6.8

North Dakota .................................... 8.98 8.84 9.14 9.45 9.63 13.41 1.6 −1.7 −4.4

South Dakota .................................... 13.35 12.47 12.96 13.68 14.03 18.73 7.0 −1.2 −3.7

South Atlantic Total.......................... 35.58 37.65 39.77 41.28 43.35 53.69 −5.5 −4.8 −4.5

Delaware ........................................... 39.32 39.98 42.91 45.31 47.80 61.73 −1.6 −4.8 −4.9

Florida............................................... 40.86 41.63 42.48 45.03 47.14 58.76 −1.8 −3.5 −3.9

Georgia.............................................. 35.92 37.92 42.19 43.36 44.14 54.52 −5.3 −5.0 −4.5

Maryland........................................... 36.28 37.95 39.74 40.68 42.99 52.46 −4.4 −4.1 −4.0

North Carolina .................................. 37.74 39.78 41.28 43.00 45.73 57.56 −5.1 −4.7 −4.6

South Carolina .................................. 36.14 37.94 39.15 39.13 42.52 57.35 −4.7 −4.0 −5.0

Virginia ............................................. 34.33 35.29 36.62 37.81 39.95 54.42 −2.7 −3.7 −5.0

West Virginia.................................... 29.40 33.05 34.53 36.88 38.98 46.22 −11.0 −6.8 −4.9

East South Central Total.................. 27.98 30.89 32.46 33.05 34.87 46.64 −9.4 −5.3 −5.5

Alabama ............................................ 34.42 38.49 41.48 41.67 45.04 57.70 −10.6 −6.5 −5.6

Kentucky........................................... 23.91 25.87 26.60 27.01 27.95 38.26 −7.6 −3.8 −5.1

Mississippi ........................................ 32.00 33.85 39.48 39.94 43.08 69.62 −5.4 −7.2 −8.3

Tennessee.......................................... 26.00 29.16 30.16 31.01 31.32 41.92 −10.8 −4.5 −5.2

West South Central Total ................ 19.22 19.80 21.58 22.55 23.62 30.25 −2.9 −5.0 −4.9

Arkansas............................................ 26.03 26.58 28.75 28.84 28.67 33.62 −2.0 −2.4 −2.8

Louisiana........................................... 23.37 23.85 25.00 24.93 27.84 36.15 −2.0 −4.3 −4.7

Oklahoma.......................................... 15.82 16.66 20.78 21.47 23.82 35.19 −5.1 −9.7 −8.5

Texas................................................. 18.28 18.89 20.38 21.58 22.26 28.02 −3.3 −4.8 −4.6

Mountain Total.................................. 20.01 20.79 21.55 21.64 22.83 27.87 −3.8 −3.2 −3.6

Arizona.............................................. 26.65 26.91 27.08 28.31 29.97 35.61 −.9 −2.9 −3.2

Colorado............................................ 19.28 20.01 21.04 21.67 22.09 28.49 −3.6 −3.3 −4.2

Montana ............................................ 10.67 11.23 11.48 12.14 11.76 14.31 −5.0 −2.4 −3.2

Nevada .............................................. 26.99 30.83 31.52 32.32 32.15 38.75 −12.4 −4.3 −3.9

New Mexico ..................................... 23.81 24.26 23.98 23.83 25.72 25.61 −1.9 −1.9 −.8

Utah................................................... 23.51 24.86 26.64 27.54 28.16 40.10 −5.4 −4.4 −5.8

Wyoming .......................................... 13.29 13.42 13.68 13.42 14.95 19.92 −.9 −2.9 −4.4

Pacific Total ....................................... 21.24 20.89 21.00 22.17 23.80 33.88 1.6 −2.8 −5.0

Oregon .............................................. 17.48 18.26 19.25 21.23 18.79 − −4.3 −1.8 −

Washington ....................................... 22.08 21.83 21.53 22.48 25.55 33.88 1.1 −3.6 −4.6

U.S. Total............................................ 25.12 26.69 27.86 29.36 30.86 41.31 −5.9 −5.0 −5.4

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 171 
Table 94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants By Census

Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ $56.90 $55.73 $57.83 $65.71 $66.74 $63.97 2.1 −3.9 −1.3

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 41.91 42.20 42.15 43.95 43.79 43.75 −.7 −1.1 −.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 34.07 33.66 34.04 35.70 35.89 38.17 1.2 −1.3 −1.3

East North Central Total ................. 34.89 34.72 34.54 35.05 35.98 39.09 .5 −.8 −1.3

Illinois ............................................... 29.03 29.13 29.42 29.24 30.81 36.91 −.3 −1.5 −2.6

Indiana .............................................. 33.14 31.35 30.91 31.58 33.01 34.30 5.7 .1 −.4

Michigan ........................................... 41.18 41.20 41.46 42.17 43.69 47.24 −.1 −1.5 −1.5

Ohio .................................................. 35.18 35.75 34.82 35.24 34.85 35.49 −1.6 .2 −.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 40.21 41.23 40.85 42.27 43.31 47.72 −2.5 −1.8 −1.9

West North Central Total ................ 18.92 18.61 18.00 17.76 18.34 19.32 1.7 .8 −.2

Iowa .................................................. 29.24 28.52 28.01 27.17 29.15 35.55 2.5 .1 −2.1

Kansas............................................... 32.42 32.25 33.06 31.96 30.81 37.27 .5 1.3 −1.5

Minnesota.......................................... 34.40 35.66 35.81 35.63 36.26 40.60 −3.5 −1.3 −1.8

Missouri ............................................ 32.81 32.87 32.12 31.48 31.28 31.26 −.2 1.2 .5

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 30.77 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 46.63 46.60 48.28 48.27 47.42 49.31 .1 −.4 −.6

Georgia.............................................. 44.64 45.71 45.20 45.18 44.95 43.81 −2.3 −.2 .2

Maryland........................................... 31.66 32.18 32.18 32.83 33.71 32.92 −1.6 −1.5 −.4

North Carolina .................................. 43.29 43.62 43.44 43.46 43.05 45.72 −.7 .1 −.6

South Carolina .................................. 43.16 43.84 43.35 43.31 43.19 44.09 −1.5 * −.2

Virginia ............................................. 42.50 41.56 41.27 40.97 40.53 40.29 2.2 1.2 .6

West Virginia.................................... 33.61 32.73 32.91 31.93 32.08 33.37 2.7 1.2 .1

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 39.53 38.74 39.01 39.76 40.43 43.30 2.0 −.6 −1.0

Kentucky........................................... 44.09 43.22 42.30 43.78 46.54 43.98 2.0 −1.3 *

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 35.68 35.34 35.41 35.52 35.66 38.12 1.0 * −.7

West South Central Total ................ 22.04 22.95 21.38 22.80 23.31 w −4.0 −1.4 w

Arkansas............................................ 43.52 44.28 44.06 44.61 45.09 45.82 −1.7 −.9 −.6

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 39.76 w w w

Texas................................................. 18.76 19.54 17.58 18.14 18.61 23.95 −4.0 .2 −2.7

Mountain Total.................................. 27.06 28.78 28.51 28.66 29.60 30.94 −6.0 −2.2 −1.5

Arizona.............................................. 40.46 41.35 40.51 40.95 40.09 w −2.1 .2 w

Colorado............................................ 26.11 28.96 28.63 30.34 29.27 26.58 −9.8 −2.8 −.2

Idaho ................................................. 34.11 33.35 32.78 33.29 33.91 36.53 2.3 .1 −.8

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 19.74 26.57 26.51 25.35 26.43 27.59 −25.7 −7.0 −3.6

Wyoming .......................................... 22.72 22.87 23.43 23.67 25.19 w −.6 −2.5 w

Pacific Total ....................................... 43.68 44.92 43.83 43.37 45.75 49.02 −2.8 −1.1 −1.3

California .......................................... 41.11 43.39 42.86 42.05 44.79 51.52 −5.3 −2.1 −2.5

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 58.35 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 59.15 58.86 53.11 56.25 59.16 41.48 .5 * 4.0

U.S. Total............................................ 32.42 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.54 35.84 −.4 −.8 −1.1

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

172 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by

Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ $52.93 $53.08 $56.37 $65.71 $68.59 $79.37 −0.3 −6.3 −4.4

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 38.98 40.19 41.09 43.95 45.01 54.28 −3.0 −3.5 −3.6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 31.69 32.06 33.18 35.70 36.89 47.36 −1.1 −3.7 −4.4

East North Central Total ................. 32.45 33.07 33.66 35.05 36.98 48.50 −1.9 −3.2 −4.4

Illinois ............................................... 27.01 27.74 28.67 29.24 31.66 45.80 −2.6 −3.9 −5.7

Indiana .............................................. 30.83 29.86 30.13 31.58 33.92 42.55 3.2 −2.4 −3.5

Michigan ........................................... 38.30 39.24 40.41 42.17 44.91 58.61 −2.4 −3.9 −4.6

Ohio .................................................. 32.73 34.04 33.94 35.24 35.81 44.03 −3.9 −2.2 −3.2

Wisconsin.......................................... 37.40 39.27 39.81 42.27 44.51 59.21 −4.8 −4.3 −5.0

West North Central Total ................ 17.60 17.73 17.54 17.76 18.84 23.97 −.7 −1.7 −3.4

Iowa .................................................. 27.20 27.16 27.30 27.17 29.96 44.10 .1 −2.4 −5.2

Kansas............................................... 30.16 30.71 32.22 31.96 31.67 46.24 −1.8 −1.2 −4.6

Minnesota.......................................... 32.00 33.96 34.90 35.63 37.26 50.37 −5.8 −3.7 −4.9

Missouri ............................................ 30.52 31.31 31.30 31.48 32.15 38.79 −2.5 −1.3 −2.6

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 38.18 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 43.38 44.39 47.06 48.27 48.74 61.18 −2.3 −2.9 −3.7

Georgia.............................................. 41.52 43.53 44.05 45.18 46.20 54.36 −4.6 −2.6 −2.9

Maryland........................................... 29.45 30.64 31.36 32.83 34.65 40.85 −3.9 −4.0 −3.6

North Carolina .................................. 40.27 41.54 42.34 43.46 44.24 56.73 −3.0 −2.3 −3.7

South Carolina .................................. 40.15 41.75 42.25 43.31 44.39 54.70 −3.8 −2.5 −3.4

Virginia ............................................. 39.53 39.58 40.23 40.97 41.65 49.98 −.1 −1.3 −2.6

West Virginia.................................... 31.27 31.17 32.08 31.93 32.97 41.40 .3 −1.3 −3.1

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 36.77 36.90 38.02 39.76 41.56 53.72 −.3 −3.0 −4.1

Kentucky........................................... 41.01 41.16 41.23 43.78 47.83 54.57 −.4 −3.8 −3.1

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 33.19 33.66 34.52 35.52 36.65 47.30 −1.4 −2.4 −3.8

West South Central Total ................ 20.50 21.85 20.84 22.80 23.96 w −6.2 −3.8 w

Arkansas............................................ 40.48 42.17 42.95 44.61 46.35 56.85 −4.0 −3.3 −3.7

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 49.33 w w w

Texas................................................. 17.45 18.61 17.13 18.14 19.12 29.72 −6.2 −2.3 −5.7

Mountain Total.................................. 25.17 27.41 27.79 28.66 30.42 38.38 −8.2 −4.6 −4.6

Arizona.............................................. 37.64 39.38 39.48 40.95 41.21 w −4.4 −2.2 w

Colorado............................................ 24.29 27.58 27.90 30.34 30.08 32.98 −11.9 −5.2 −3.3

Idaho ................................................. 31.73 31.76 31.95 33.29 34.85 45.32 −.1 −2.3 −3.9

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 18.36 25.31 25.84 25.35 27.16 34.23 −27.4 −9.3 −6.7

Wyoming .......................................... 21.14 21.79 22.84 23.67 25.89 w −3.0 −4.9 w

Pacific Total ....................................... 40.64 42.78 42.72 43.37 47.02 60.81 −5.0 −3.6 −4.4

California .......................................... 38.24 41.33 41.78 42.05 46.03 63.92 −7.4 −4.5 −5.5

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 72.39 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 55.02 56.06 51.76 56.25 60.81 51.47 −1.8 −2.5 .7

U.S. Total............................................ 30.16 31.00 31.41 32.78 34.47 44.47 −2.7 −3.3 −4.2

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators.

See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 173 
Table 96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $46.11 $46.25 $46.41 $46.49 $46.86 $47.23 −0.3 −0.4 −0.3

East North Central Total ................. 49.09 47.23 49.52 50.37 50.70 53.94 3.9 −.8 −1.0

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 49.11 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 52.74 50.90 52.29 53.72 53.31 55.00 3.6 −.3 −.5

Michigan ........................................... w w − − w ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 42.18 42.02 45.07 46.68 46.15 54.59 .4 −2.2 −2.8

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − w ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 48.42 47.45 47.50 47.80 48.35 48.42 2.0 * *

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − w w − w w

West South Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Texas................................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.92 48.88 50.85 1.7 −.8 −.8

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

174 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census

Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $42.89 $44.05 $45.24 $46.49 $48.16 $58.60 −2.6 −2.8 −3.4

East North Central Total ................. 45.67 44.98 48.26 50.37 52.11 66.92 1.5 −3.2 −4.1

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 60.93 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 49.06 48.48 50.97 53.72 54.79 68.24 1.2 −2.7 −3.6

Michigan ........................................... w w − − w ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 39.24 40.02 43.92 46.68 47.43 67.73 −1.9 −4.6 −5.9

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − w ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 45.04 45.19 46.30 47.80 49.69 60.07 −.3 −2.4 −3.1

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − w w − w w

West South Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Texas................................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 44.04 44.34 46.24 47.92 50.24 63.09 −.7 −3.2 −3.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 175 
Import/Export Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 177 
Table 98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Origin 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $32.59 $30.61 $29.00 $27.88 $25.10 $29.84 6.5 6.7 1.0

Canada .............................................. 32.59 30.61 29.02 27.88 25.10 29.84 6.5 6.7 1.0

Mexico .............................................. − − 21.19 − − −− − −

South America Total......................... 32.76 29.00 27.64 33.04 34.64 35.20 13.0 −1.4 −.8

Colombia........................................... 31.15 27.46 27.26 32.25 32.87 35.20 13.4 −1.3 −1.3

Venezuela.......................................... 35.14 32.41 28.87 35.61 40.87 − 8.4 −3.7 −

Europe Total ...................................... 25.70 − 32.08 34.12 − −− − −

Denmark............................................ − − 32.08 − − −− − −

United Kingdom ............................... 25.70 − − 34.12 − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 35.13 34.09 42.70 38.75 − − 3.1 − −

India .................................................. − − − 23.65 − −− − −

Indonesia........................................... 35.13 33.80 42.70 40.94 − − 3.9 − −

Malaysia............................................ − − − 47.06 − −− − −

Vietnam............................................. − 48.08 − − − − −100.0 − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 33.57 31.16 31.56 36.07 37.97 46.64 7.7 −3.0 −3.6

Australia............................................ 30.99 30.02 31.56 36.07 37.97 46.64 3.2 −4.9 −4.4

New Zealand..................................... 46.42 44.15 −−−− 5.1 − −

Africa Total........................................ − 25.33 27.81 49.29 − 37.41 −100.0 − −100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − 25.33 − 49.29 − 37.41 −100.0 − −100.0

Swaziland.......................................... − − 27.81 − − −− − −

Total1 .................................................. 33.11 29.98 29.36 32.48 32.34 35.61 10.4 .6 −.8

U.S. Total2.......................................... 34.13 30.21 29.89 33.46 33.12 36.02 13.0 .7 −.6

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $50 per short ton, inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

178 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $34.09 $32.86 $34.16 $33.06 $33.61 $48.67 3.7 0.3 −3.9

Canada1 ............................................ 33.61 32.50 33.86 33.00 33.48 48.85 3.4 .1 −4.1

Mexico .............................................. 39.32 44.27 44.03 43.48 43.64 42.79 −11.2 −2.6 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 34.00 35.37 35.10 36.39 35.70 37.35 −3.9 −1.2 −1.0

South America Total......................... 43.43 42.28 43.77 45.54 46.24 47.76 2.7 −1.5 −1.0

Argentina .......................................... 42.72 42.51 43.21 45.44 45.59 47.35 .5 −1.6 −1.1

Brazil................................................. 43.88 42.26 43.84 45.57 46.44 47.80 3.8 −1.4 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 33.54 40.67 39.46 42.96 38.80 47.75 −17.5 −3.6 −3.8

Europe Total ...................................... 42.25 42.32 43.38 42.67 43.08 43.70 −.2 −.5 −.4

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 43.46 42.23 43.14 44.01 44.82 44.89 2.9 −.8 −.3

Bulgaria............................................. 44.04 42.09 41.96 43.29 42.57 48.99 4.6 .8 −1.2

Denmark............................................ 31.86 29.23 34.95 32.69 32.95 36.03 9.0 −.8 −1.3

Finland .............................................. 39.47 41.14 39.61 40.81 44.77 31.48 −4.0 −3.1 2.5

France................................................ 43.71 44.23 42.24 39.38 40.18 42.91 −1.2 2.1 .2

Germany, FR .................................... 34.99 45.33 38.98 38.27 39.33 43.96 −22.8 −2.9 −2.5

Ireland ............................................... 36.07 33.82 35.84 36.81 39.53 45.87 6.6 −2.3 −2.6

Italy ................................................... 44.14 43.00 44.33 45.34 45.38 43.11 2.7 −.7 .3

Netherlands ....................................... 42.13 41.99 44.22 43.34 43.18 45.36 .3 −.6 −.8

Norway.............................................. − 47.37 − 47.95 32.11 45.70 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Portugal............................................. 36.46 36.25 37.70 40.74 40.87 41.89 .6 −2.8 −1.5

Romania ............................................ 42.33 35.10 36.28 41.62 45.89 42.26 20.6 −2.0 *

Spain ................................................. 47.39 46.35 47.03 46.82 45.23 44.91 2.2 1.2 .6

Sweden.............................................. 47.57 45.56 45.96 46.66 47.72 45.89 4.4 −.1 .4

Turkey............................................... 42.78 41.28 42.58 45.54 46.84 45.40 3.6 −2.2 −.6

United Kingdom ............................... 43.27 45.22 45.90 45.54 46.35 47.37 −4.3 −1.7 −1.0

Other2 ............................................... 38.06 38.14 39.60 44.74 46.41 41.25 −.2 −4.8 −.9

Asia Total ........................................... 39.19 38.66 40.58 42.65 43.24 44.25 1.4 −2.4 −1.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 36.95 38.65 39.49 41.23 41.73 41.65 −4.4 −3.0 −1.3

Israel.................................................. 35.79 33.23 34.79 39.11 39.87 38.59 7.7 −2.7 −.8

Japan ................................................. 39.14 38.58 40.88 42.91 43.39 47.43 1.4 −2.5 −2.1

Korea, Republic of ........................... 41.47 40.24 42.12 44.93 45.95 41.35 3.1 −2.5 *

Other2 ............................................... 34.38 37.24 44.23 37.06 38.61 39.08 −7.7 −2.9 −1.4

Oceania & Australia Total............... 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 39.95 −.3 − *

Other2 ............................................... 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 39.95 −.3 − *

Africa Total........................................ 41.19 43.59 42.55 42.97 41.26 44.39 −5.5 * −.8

Algeria .............................................. 47.80 43.24 44.32 46.35 46.50 47.66 10.5 .7 *

Egypt................................................. 46.16 43.14 44.86 46.08 45.69 43.59 7.0 .3 .6

Morocco ............................................ 33.00 35.03 33.86 33.80 33.73 41.94 −5.8 −.5 −2.6

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 47.38 45.67 46.87 47.79 48.92 − 3.8 −.8 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 40.53 − 40.81 43.15 − −100.0 −100.0

Total3 .................................................. 40.63 40.24 41.53 41.44 42.35 44.93 1.0 −1.0 −1.1

U.S. Total4.......................................... 40.27 39.93 41.41 41.34 42.39 45.95 .8 −1.3 −1.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 179 
Table 100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination,

1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $31.71 $31.29 $33.29 $33.06 $34.54 $60.39 1.3 −2.1 −6.9

Canada1 ............................................ 31.26 30.96 33.00 33.00 34.41 60.60 1.0 −2.4 −7.1

Mexico .............................................. 36.58 42.17 42.91 43.48 44.85 53.09 −13.3 −5.0 −4.0

Other2 ............................................... 31.62 33.68 34.21 36.39 36.69 46.34 −6.1 −3.6 −4.1

South America Total......................... 40.40 40.27 42.66 45.54 47.52 59.25 .3 −4.0 −4.2

Argentina .......................................... 39.74 40.48 42.12 45.44 46.86 58.75 −1.8 −4.0 −4.3

Brazil................................................. 40.82 40.25 42.73 45.57 47.73 59.31 1.4 −3.8 −4.1

Other2 ............................................... 31.20 38.73 38.46 42.96 39.88 59.24 −19.4 −5.9 −6.9

Europe Total ...................................... 39.30 40.31 42.28 42.67 44.28 54.22 −2.5 −2.9 −3.5

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 40.43 40.22 42.05 44.01 46.06 55.69 .5 −3.2 −3.5

Bulgaria............................................. 40.96 40.09 40.90 43.29 43.75 60.78 2.2 −1.6 −4.3

Denmark............................................ 29.63 27.84 34.07 32.69 33.87 44.70 6.4 −3.3 −4.5

Finland .............................................. 36.72 39.18 38.61 40.81 46.02 39.06 −6.3 −5.5 −.7

France................................................ 40.66 42.13 41.17 39.38 41.29 53.24 −3.5 −.4 −2.9

Germany, FR .................................... 32.55 43.17 37.99 38.27 40.42 54.54 −24.6 −5.3 −5.6

Ireland ............................................... 33.55 32.21 34.93 36.81 40.63 56.91 4.1 −4.7 −5.7

Italy ................................................... 41.06 40.95 43.20 45.34 46.64 53.48 .3 −3.1 −2.9

Netherlands ....................................... 39.19 39.99 43.10 43.34 44.38 56.28 −2.0 −3.1 −3.9

Norway.............................................. − 45.12 − 47.95 33.01 56.71 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Portugal............................................. 33.91 34.53 36.74 40.74 42.00 51.98 −1.8 −5.2 −4.6

Romania ............................................ 39.37 33.42 35.36 41.62 47.16 52.43 17.8 −4.4 −3.1

Spain ................................................. 44.08 44.14 45.84 46.82 46.48 55.73 −.1 −1.3 −2.6

Sweden.............................................. 44.25 43.39 44.80 46.66 49.04 56.93 2.0 −2.5 −2.8

Turkey............................................... 39.80 39.32 41.50 45.54 48.14 56.33 1.2 −4.6 −3.8

United Kingdom ............................... 40.25 43.06 44.74 45.54 47.64 58.77 −6.5 −4.1 −4.1

Other2 ............................................... 35.41 36.33 38.59 44.74 47.69 51.18 −2.5 −7.2 −4.0

Asia Total ........................................... 36.46 36.82 39.55 42.65 44.44 54.90 −1.0 −4.8 −4.4

China (Taiwan)................................. 34.37 36.81 38.49 41.23 42.88 51.68 −6.6 −5.4 −4.4

Israel.................................................. 33.29 31.65 33.91 39.11 40.98 47.87 5.2 −5.0 −3.9

Japan ................................................. 36.41 36.74 39.84 42.91 44.60 58.85 −.9 −4.9 −5.2

Korea, Republic of ........................... 38.58 38.32 41.05 44.93 47.23 51.30 .7 −4.9 −3.1

Other2 ............................................... 31.98 35.46 43.11 37.06 39.69 48.48 −9.8 −5.3 −4.5

Oceania & Australia Total............... 37.09 38.08 33.59 34.50 − 49.57 −2.6 − −3.2

Other2 ............................................... 37.09 38.08 33.59 34.50 − 49.57 −2.6 − −3.2

Africa Total........................................ 38.31 41.52 41.47 42.97 42.41 55.07 −7.7 −2.5 −3.9

Algeria .............................................. 44.46 41.18 43.20 46.35 47.80 59.13 8.0 −1.8 −3.1

Egypt................................................. 42.94 41.08 43.72 46.08 46.96 54.09 4.5 −2.2 −2.5

Morocco ............................................ 30.69 33.36 33.00 33.80 34.67 52.03 −8.0 −3.0 −5.7

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 44.08 43.49 45.69 47.79 50.28 − 1.3 −3.2 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 39.51 − 41.94 53.54 − −100.0 −100.0

Total3 .................................................. 37.79 38.33 40.47 41.44 43.53 55.74 −1.4 −3.5 −4.2

U.S. Total4.......................................... 37.46 38.03 40.36 41.34 43.57 57.01 −1.5 −3.7 −4.5

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

180 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination,

1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $37.19 $35.08 $36.03 $36.43 $38.54 $49.10 6.0 −0.9 −3.0

Canada1 ............................................ 36.57 34.58 35.66 36.34 38.43 49.36 5.8 −1.2 −3.3

Mexico .............................................. 46.45 44.53 45.16 47.92 49.20 44.71 4.3 −1.4 .4

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 41.10 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 43.63 42.29 43.91 45.65 46.44 47.75 3.2 −1.5 −1.0

Argentina .......................................... 42.85 42.56 43.63 45.45 45.62 47.35 .7 −1.5 −1.1

Brazil................................................. 43.89 42.26 43.94 45.65 46.48 47.80 3.8 −1.4 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 30.26 − − 47.40 49.78 47.85 − −11.7 −5.0

Europe Total ...................................... 45.75 44.54 45.57 46.57 46.91 46.33 2.7 −.6 −.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 45.97 45.07 45.88 47.02 47.52 46.06 2.0 −.8 *

Bulgaria............................................. 44.04 42.13 41.99 43.29 42.57 − 4.5 .8 −

Denmark............................................ − − 36.29 − 29.37 39.43 − −100.0 −100.0

Finland .............................................. 42.65 42.34 39.61 40.81 46.21 − .7 −2.0 −

France................................................ 45.08 44.36 45.17 44.39 43.96 45.69 1.6 .6 −.1

Germany, FR .................................... 47.52 45.88 46.17 45.79 48.55 46.14 3.5 −.5 .3

Italy ................................................... 46.61 45.32 45.93 47.44 48.28 47.38 2.8 −.9 −.2

Netherlands ....................................... 46.56 45.07 46.17 47.00 47.11 47.10 3.3 −.3 −.1

Norway .............................................. − 47.37 − 47.95 − 45.29 −100.0 − −100.0

Portugal............................................. 46.45 − 38.43 44.33 48.11 46.99 − −.9 −.1

Romania ............................................ 42.91 32.65 36.26 41.62 46.47 42.26 31.4 −2.0 .2

Spain ................................................. 47.76 46.36 47.47 48.48 48.45 46.70 3.0 −.3 .2

Sweden.............................................. 47.57 45.56 45.96 46.67 47.76 45.84 4.4 −.1 .4

Turkey............................................... 43.47 41.28 42.58 45.54 46.87 45.81 5.3 −1.9 −.6

United Kingdom ............................... 46.81 45.15 46.64 47.72 48.46 47.78 3.7 −.9 −.2

Other2 ............................................... − 38.00 48.31 44.75 46.41 45.84 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 42.38 41.45 44.04 45.39 46.00 47.95 2.2 −2.0 −1.4

China (Taiwan)................................. 44.48 42.48 44.86 45.63 46.80 46.62 4.7 −1.3 −.5

Israel.................................................. 40.91 − − 40.13 42.18 −− −.8 −

Japan ................................................. 41.14 40.57 43.53 44.98 45.52 48.40 1.4 −2.5 −1.8

Korea, Republic of ........................... 45.98 44.00 45.67 47.13 47.54 46.48 4.5 −.8 −.1

Other2 ............................................... − − 45.13 − − 44.57 − −−100.0

Africa Total........................................ 46.93 43.95 45.25 46.29 45.03 45.93 6.8 1.0 .2

Algeria .............................................. 47.80 43.24 44.32 46.35 46.50 47.67 10.5 .7 *

Egypt................................................. 46.17 43.14 44.86 46.09 45.70 43.59 7.0 .3 .6

Morocco ............................................ − − − 34.22 34.54 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 47.38 45.67 46.87 47.79 48.92 − 3.8 −.8 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 40.53 − − 43.15 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 43.96 42.74 44.11 45.36 46.07 47.02 2.9 −1.2 −.7

U.S. Total4.......................................... 44.30 42.77 44.11 45.41 46.15 47.81 3.6 −1.0 −.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 181 
Table 102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by

Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $34.60 $33.41 $35.12 $36.43 $39.61 $60.91 3.6 −3.3 −6.1

Canada1 ............................................ 34.02 32.93 34.76 36.34 39.50 61.24 3.3 −3.7 −6.3

Mexico .............................................. 43.21 42.41 44.02 47.92 50.56 55.48 1.9 −3.8 −2.7

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 51.00 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 40.59 40.27 42.80 45.65 47.73 59.25 .8 −4.0 −4.1

Argentina .......................................... 39.86 40.53 42.52 45.45 46.88 58.75 −1.6 −4.0 −4.2

Brazil................................................. 40.83 40.25 42.83 45.65 47.77 59.31 1.4 −3.8 −4.1

Other2 ............................................... 28.15 − − 47.40 51.16 59.36 − −13.9 −7.9

Europe Total ...................................... 42.56 42.42 44.42 46.57 48.21 57.48 .3 −3.1 −3.3

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 42.76 42.93 44.71 47.02 48.84 57.14 −.4 −3.3 −3.2

Bulgaria............................................. 40.96 40.12 40.93 43.29 43.75 − 2.1 −1.6 −

Denmark............................................ − − 35.37 − 30.18 48.92 − −100.0 −100.0

Finland .............................................. 39.67 40.33 38.60 40.81 47.49 − −1.6 −4.4 −

France................................................ 41.94 42.25 44.02 44.39 45.18 56.69 −.7 −1.8 −3.3

Germany, FR .................................... 44.20 43.70 45.00 45.79 49.89 57.24 1.1 −3.0 −2.8

Italy ................................................... 43.36 43.17 44.76 47.44 49.62 58.79 .4 −3.3 −3.3

Netherlands ....................................... 43.31 42.92 45.00 47.00 48.41 58.44 .9 −2.7 −3.3

Norway .............................................. − 45.12 − 47.95 − 56.19 −100.0 − −100.0

Portugal............................................. 43.21 − 37.46 44.33 49.44 58.30 − −3.3 −3.3

Romania ............................................ 39.92 31.09 35.34 41.62 47.76 52.43 28.4 −4.4 −3.0

Spain ................................................. 44.43 44.15 46.27 48.48 49.79 57.94 .6 −2.8 −2.9

Sweden.............................................. 44.25 43.39 44.80 46.67 49.09 56.87 2.0 −2.6 −2.8

Turkey............................................... 40.43 39.32 41.51 45.54 48.17 56.83 2.8 −4.3 −3.7

United Kingdom ............................... 43.55 43.00 45.46 47.72 49.80 59.27 1.3 −3.3 −3.4

Other2 ............................................... − 36.20 47.08 44.75 47.70 56.87 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 39.42 39.48 42.92 45.39 47.27 59.49 −.1 −4.4 −4.5

China (Taiwan)................................. 41.37 40.46 43.73 45.63 48.09 57.85 2.3 −3.7 −3.6

Israel.................................................. 38.06 − − 40.13 43.35 −− −3.2 −

Japan ................................................. 38.27 38.63 42.43 44.98 46.78 60.05 −.9 −4.9 −4.9

Korea, Republic of ........................... 42.77 41.90 44.52 47.13 48.86 57.66 2.1 −3.3 −3.3

Other2 ............................................... − − 43.99 − − 55.30 − −−100.0

Africa Total........................................ 43.65 41.85 44.11 46.29 46.28 56.98 4.3 −1.4 −2.9

Algeria .............................................. 44.46 41.18 43.20 46.35 47.80 59.15 8.0 −1.8 −3.1

Egypt................................................. 42.95 41.08 43.73 46.09 46.96 54.09 4.5 −2.2 −2.5

Morocco ............................................ − − − 34.22 35.49 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 44.08 43.49 45.69 47.79 50.28 − 1.3 −3.2 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 39.51 − − 53.54 − −−100.0

Total3 .................................................. 40.89 40.70 42.99 45.36 47.35 58.34 .5 −3.6 −3.9

U.S. Total4.......................................... 41.21 40.73 42.99 45.41 47.44 59.32 1.2 −3.4 −4.0

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

182 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $31.13 $30.54 $31.85 $31.42 $30.49 $48.46 1.9 0.5 −4.8

Canada1 ............................................ 30.59 30.41 31.66 31.35 30.28 48.60 .6 .3 −5.0

Mexico .............................................. 35.11 41.42 40.40 38.19 39.16 38.96 −15.2 −2.7 −1.1

Other2 ............................................... 34.00 35.37 35.10 36.39 35.70 28.49 −3.9 −1.2 2.0

South America Total......................... 35.66 37.59 40.05 42.38 39.13 47.80 −5.1 −2.3 −3.2

Argentina .......................................... 36.09 34.46 37.81 38.57 35.95 − 4.7 .1 −

Brazil................................................. 34.81 − 40.61 42.95 43.64 47.86 − −5.5 −3.5

Other2 ............................................... 35.68 40.67 39.46 36.96 36.32 39.95 −12.3 −.4 −1.2

Europe Total ...................................... 36.93 36.01 37.47 36.99 37.74 38.42 2.6 −.5 −.4

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 35.07 33.49 34.09 36.35 37.08 39.50 4.7 −1.4 −1.3

Bulgaria............................................. − 41.40 41.51 − − 48.99 −100.0 − −100.0

Denmark............................................ 31.86 29.23 34.34 32.69 33.14 35.16 9.0 −1.0 −1.1

Finland .............................................. 35.53 35.47 40.85 − 40.82 31.48 .2 −3.4 1.3

France................................................ 35.13 38.11 31.83 33.64 33.93 35.87 −7.8 .9 −.2

Germany, FR .................................... 33.31 40.67 34.19 35.82 34.95 42.91 −18.1 −1.2 −2.8

Ireland ............................................... 36.07 33.82 35.84 36.81 39.53 45.87 6.6 −2.3 −2.6

Italy ................................................... 41.70 38.30 40.26 41.32 41.71 38.28 8.9 * .9

Netherlands ....................................... 36.68 35.95 40.21 39.24 39.59 41.50 2.0 −1.9 −1.4

Norway.............................................. − − − − 32.11 48.76 − −100.0 −100.0

Portugal............................................. 36.28 36.25 37.62 40.38 40.52 41.51 .1 −2.7 −1.5

Romania ............................................ 39.08 37.26 36.29 − 42.64 − 4.9 −2.1 −

Spain ................................................. 41.25 40.84 39.22 38.47 34.32 35.26 1.0 4.7 1.8

Sweden.............................................. 48.54 − − 34.53 41.64 47.92 − 3.9 .1

Turkey............................................... 30.98 − 40.84 40.72 46.38 38.85 − −9.6 −2.5

United Kingdom ............................... 33.39 47.21 40.87 38.96 39.69 38.02 −29.3 −4.2 −1.4

Other2 ............................................... 38.06 40.92 29.07 42.07 40.81 32.79 −7.0 −1.7 1.7

Asia Total ........................................... 34.79 35.24 36.52 38.27 39.18 39.59 −1.3 −2.9 −1.4

China (Taiwan)................................. 35.66 38.28 39.01 40.63 41.16 41.36 −6.8 −3.5 −1.6

Israel.................................................. 34.63 33.23 34.79 38.89 39.41 38.59 4.2 −3.2 −1.2

Japan ................................................. 35.03 33.69 35.45 35.98 36.05 39.80 4.0 −.7 −1.4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 32.78 32.56 34.34 37.24 39.97 36.53 .7 −4.8 −1.2

Other2 ............................................... 34.38 37.24 37.31 37.06 38.61 37.14 −7.7 −2.9 −.8

Oceania & Australia Total............... 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 39.95 −.3 − *

Other2 ............................................... 39.87 39.99 34.46 34.50 − 39.95 −.3 − *

Africa Total........................................ 33.01 35.12 33.86 33.78 33.56 41.94 −6.0 −.4 −2.6

Algeria .............................................. − − − − − 40.01 − −−100.0

Egypt................................................. 40.81 40.89 40.88 39.92 40.81 − −.2 * −

Morocco ............................................ 33.00 35.03 33.86 33.77 33.53 41.94 −5.8 −.4 −2.6

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 39.80 − − − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 40.81 −− −100.0 −

Total3 .................................................. 35.31 34.65 36.10 35.86 36.86 41.48 1.9 −1.1 −1.8

U.S. Total4.......................................... 34.51 34.34 36.03 35.73 36.91 42.60 .5 −1.7 −2.3

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 183 
Table 104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1986, 1991-1995

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $28.96 $29.09 $31.04 $31.42 $31.34 $60.13 −0.4 −1.9 −7.8

Canada1 ............................................ 28.46 28.96 30.86 31.35 31.13 60.30 −1.7 −2.2 −8.0

Mexico .............................................. 32.66 39.44 39.37 38.19 40.24 48.34 −17.2 −5.1 −4.3

Other2 ............................................... 31.62 33.68 34.21 36.39 36.69 35.34 −6.1 −3.6 −1.2

South America Total......................... 33.17 35.80 39.04 42.38 40.22 59.30 −7.3 −4.7 −6.3

Argentina .......................................... 33.57 32.82 36.85 38.57 36.94 − 2.3 −2.4 −

Brazil................................................. 32.39 − 39.58 42.95 44.85 59.38 − −7.8 −6.5

Other2 ............................................... 33.19 38.73 38.46 36.96 37.33 49.57 −14.3 −2.9 −4.3

Europe Total ...................................... 34.36 34.30 36.52 36.99 38.79 47.66 .2 −3.0 −3.6

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 32.62 31.89 33.23 36.35 38.11 49.01 2.3 −3.8 −4.4

Bulgaria............................................. − 39.42 40.46 − − 60.78 −100.0 − −100.0

Denmark............................................ 29.63 27.84 33.47 32.69 34.06 43.62 6.4 −3.4 −4.2

Finland .............................................. 33.05 33.78 39.81 − 41.96 39.06 −2.1 −5.8 −1.8

France................................................ 32.68 36.29 31.02 33.64 34.87 44.50 −10.0 −1.6 −3.4

Germany, FR .................................... 30.99 38.74 33.33 35.82 35.92 53.24 −20.0 −3.6 −5.8

Ireland ............................................... 33.55 32.21 34.93 36.81 40.63 56.91 4.1 −4.7 −5.7

Italy ................................................... 38.79 36.47 39.24 41.32 42.87 47.49 6.4 −2.5 −2.2

Netherlands ....................................... 34.13 34.24 39.19 39.24 40.69 51.49 −.3 −4.3 −4.5

Norway.............................................. − − − − 33.01 60.50 − −100.0 −100.0

Portugal............................................. 33.75 34.53 36.67 40.38 41.64 51.51 −2.3 −5.1 −4.6

Romania ............................................ 36.35 35.48 35.37 − 43.82 − 2.4 −4.6 −

Spain ................................................. 38.37 38.90 38.22 38.47 35.27 43.75 −1.3 2.1 −1.4

Sweden.............................................. 45.15 − − 34.53 42.80 59.45 − 1.3 −3.0

Turkey............................................... 28.82 − 39.80 40.72 47.67 48.20 − −11.8 −5.5

United Kingdom ............................... 31.06 44.96 39.83 38.96 40.79 47.17 −30.9 −6.6 −4.5

Other2 ............................................... 35.41 38.98 28.34 42.07 41.95 40.68 −9.1 −4.1 −1.5

Asia Total ........................................... 32.36 33.56 35.59 38.27 40.26 49.12 −3.5 −5.3 −4.5

China (Taiwan)................................. 33.17 36.46 38.02 40.63 42.30 51.31 −9.0 −5.9 −4.7

Israel.................................................. 32.21 31.65 33.91 38.89 40.50 47.87 1.8 −5.6 −4.3

Japan ................................................. 32.58 32.09 34.55 35.98 37.05 49.38 1.5 −3.1 −4.5

Korea, Republic of ........................... 30.49 31.01 33.47 37.24 41.08 45.32 −1.7 −7.2 −4.3

Other2 ............................................... 31.98 35.46 36.37 37.06 39.69 46.08 −9.8 −5.3 −4.0

Oceania & Australia Total............... 37.09 38.08 33.59 34.50 − 49.57 −2.6 − −3.2

Other2 ............................................... 37.09 38.08 33.59 34.50 − 49.57 −2.6 − −3.2

Africa Total........................................ 30.70 33.44 33.01 33.78 34.49 52.03 −8.2 −2.9 −5.7

Algeria .............................................. − − − − − 49.64 − −−100.0

Egypt................................................. 37.96 38.94 39.85 39.92 41.95 − −2.5 −2.5 −

Morocco ............................................ 30.69 33.36 33.00 33.77 34.46 52.03 −8.0 −2.8 −5.7

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 37.03 − − − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 41.94 −− −100.0 −

Total3 .................................................. 32.85 33.00 35.18 35.86 37.89 51.46 −.5 −3.5 −4.9

U.S. Total4.......................................... 32.11 32.71 35.12 35.73 37.93 52.86 −1.8 −4.1 −5.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

184 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Coal Quality and Emissions

As of January 1, 1995, recoverable U.S. coal reserves

were estimated to total 274 billion short tons (Table

105). Reserves of low sulfur coal (defined as coal

containing from 0 to 0.60 pounds of sulfur per million

Btu) are estimated to represent 37 percent of all

reserves, with medium sulfur coal (containing 0.61 to

1.67 pounds sulfur per million Btu) and high sulfur

coal (containing more than 1.67 pounds sulfur per

million Btu) each accounting for 32 percent of total

reserves.

Compared with 1994, the average sulfur content of

coal delivered to the Nation's electric utilities during

1995 declined 7.3 percent to 1.08 percent sulfur by

weight, while the average ash content declined 1.4

percent to 9.23 percent by weight (Table 106). The

average heat content of electric utility coal declined 1

percent to 10,248 Btu per pound.

By comparison, the average heat content of coal

delivered to manufacturing and coke plants during

1995 increased 0.4 percent to 11,367 Btu per pound,

while the average ash content and average sulfur

content of industrial coal remained relatively constant

at 7.61 percent and 1.15 percent, respectively.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 185 
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1995)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Alabama .................................................................... − 413 374 2,036 194 − 3,018

Surface .................................................................... − 255 269 1,670 137 − 2,332

Underground ........................................................... − 158 105 366 57 − 686

Alaska, Southern...................................................... 2,453 94 − − − − 2,548

Surface .................................................................... 386 41 − − − − 427

Underground ........................................................... 2,067 53 − − − − 2,120

Alaska, Northern ..................................................... − − − − − − −

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... − 121 − − − − 121

Surface .................................................................... − 69 − − − − 69

Underground ........................................................... − 51 − − − − 51

Arkansas1 ................................................................. − 8 163 44 6 7 228

Surface .................................................................... − 2 73 24 1 1 101

Underground ........................................................... − 7 90 20 5 6 127

Colorado1.................................................................. 3,674 2,316 3,684 326 96 − 10,096

Surface .................................................................... 273 120 3,325 41 14 − 3,772

Underground ........................................................... 3,400 2,196 359 285 82 − 6,323

Georgia...................................................................... 1 1 * * * * 2

Surface .................................................................... * * * * * * 1

Underground ........................................................... * * * * * * 1

Idaho.......................................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Illinois........................................................................ 5 113 350 1,456 1,567 30,477 33,969

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 43 291 9,031 9,366

Underground ........................................................... 5 113 349 1,413 1,276 21,445 24,603

Indiana ...................................................................... − 312 185 674 1,125 2,033 4,329

Surface .................................................................... − 63 27 107 149 307 654

Underground ........................................................... − 248 158 567 976 1,727 3,675

Iowa ........................................................................... − − − − 407 720 1,127

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 320 − 320

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 87 720 807

Kansas....................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................................... 175 2,077 1,434 1,769 860 657 6,973

Surface .................................................................... 140 1,657 1,144 1,412 686 525 5,563

Underground ........................................................... 35 420 290 358 174 133 1,410

Kentucky, Western .................................................. − − − 156 2,723 6,406 9,285

Surface .................................................................... − − − 125 926 1,276 2,327

Underground ........................................................... − − − 32 1,798 5,130 6,959

Louisiana................................................................... − − − 349 − − 349

Surface .................................................................... − − − 349 − − 349

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. − 31 58 118 205 − 412

Surface .................................................................... − 3 8 13 32 − 56

Underground ........................................................... − 28 50 105 173 − 356

Michigan ................................................................... − − 8 23 16 11 59

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 2 1 * 3

Underground ........................................................... − − 8 21 16 11 55

Missouri .................................................................... − − − − 170 3,681 3,851

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 150 3,012 3,162

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 20 670 689

Montana .................................................................... 33,577 16,828 16,776 4,815 2,022 1,371 75,389

Surface .................................................................... 18,014 6,995 9,499 2,444 1,610 906 39,466

Underground ........................................................... 15,563 9,833 7,277 2,371 413 466 35,923

New Mexico1 ............................................................ 62 2,638 1,890 3,625 − − 8,215

Surface .................................................................... 37 1,229 1,348 2,587 − − 5,202

Underground ........................................................... 25 1,409 542 1,038 − − 3,013

North Carolina......................................................... − − *221 5

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − *221 5

North Dakota............................................................ 436 750 1,375 3,438 857 369 7,224

Surface .................................................................... 436 750 1,375 3,438 857 369 7,224

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 82 169 335 1,049 2,636 7,447 11,718

Surface .................................................................... 20 96 168 416 863 2,304 3,867

Underground ........................................................... 62 73 168 634 1,773 5,143 7,852

See footnotes at end of table.

186 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type (Continued)

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1995)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Oklahoma.................................................................. − 220 123 178 114 181 816

Surface .................................................................... − 66 25 34 33 82 240

Underground ........................................................... − 154 98 145 80 100 577

Oregon....................................................................... 4 1 3 − 1 1 9

Surface .................................................................... 1 * 1 − ** 2

Underground ........................................................... 3 1 2 − 1 1 7

Pennsylvania, Anthracite ........................................ 180 468 96 17 2 * 763

Surface .................................................................... 85 263 62 11 1 * 422

Underground ........................................................... 95 205 35 6 1 − 341

Pennsylvania, Bituminous....................................... − 283 807 5,001 4,151 1,517 11,757

Surface .................................................................... − 22 64 307 227 135 756

Underground ........................................................... − 260 742 4,694 3,923 1,381 11,001

South Dakota............................................................ − − 104 1 172 − 277

Surface .................................................................... − − 104 1 172 − 277

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Tennessee .................................................................. − 106 62 224 99 − 491

Surface .................................................................... − 39 23 93 40 − 195

Underground ........................................................... − 67 38 131 59 − 295

Texas .......................................................................... − − 590 5,681 3,409 376 10,057

Surface .................................................................... − − 590 5,681 3,409 376 10,057

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Utah ........................................................................... 378 678 554 864 225 301 3,001

Surface .................................................................... 8 32 19 85 35 34 212

Underground ........................................................... 370 646 535 780 190 267 2,788

Virginia1 ................................................................... 195 632 403 133 − − 1,362

Surface .................................................................... 43 197 161 46 − − 447

Underground ........................................................... 152 435 241 87 − − 915

Washington............................................................... 63 92 86 489 − − 729

Surface .................................................................... − − − 54 − − 54

Underground ........................................................... 63 92 86 434 − − 675

West Virginia ........................................................... 653 6,497 2,736 4,036 2,516 3,211 19,649

Surface .................................................................... 116 1,464 568 447 180 107 2,881

Underground ........................................................... 537 5,034 2,168 3,589 2,337 3,104 16,769

Wyoming................................................................... 6,786 17,586 10,186 7,438 1,168 2,241 45,403

Surface .................................................................... 4,434 8,822 4,134 2,314 527 2,208 22,439

Underground ........................................................... 2,352 8,764 6,052 5,123 641 33 22,964

U.S. Total.................................................................. 48,723 52,434 42,380 43,943 24,968 61,466 273,913

Surface .................................................................... 23,993 22,185 22,987 21,742 10,888 21,130 122,925

Underground ........................................................... 24,730 30,249 19,393 22,201 14,080 40,336 150,988

1 Data include minor amounts of anthracite (all occurring in heat content categories greater than 23.00 million short tons) as follows: Arkansas 52.2,

Colorado 13.4, New Mexico 1.2, and Virginia 70.5, expressed in million short tons.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529(95)), August, 1996.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 187 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Quality1

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England

Btu.................................................. 12,848 12,897 13,033 13,120 13,176 13,249 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .84 .98 1.11 1.18 1.17 1.23 −14.3 −7.8 −4.1

Ash................................................. 7.48 7.49 7.62 7.66 7.52 7.49 −.2 −.1 *

Connecticut

Btu.................................................. 13,110 13,094 13,144 13,167 13,238 13,172 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .56 .54 .55 .55 .55 .51 4.7 .7 1.1

Ash................................................. 7.05 7.38 6.95 6.25 6.07 6.76 −4.5 3.8 .5

Massachusetts

Btu.................................................. 12,698 12,814 12,951 13,070 13,141 13,219 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .71 .91 1.03 1.17 1.22 1.19 −22.0 −12.5 −5.5

Ash................................................. 7.83 7.85 8.10 8.26 8.14 7.65 −.2 −1.0 .3

New Hampshire

Btu.................................................. 13,111 13,032 13,179 13,260 13,247 13,443 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.38 1.52 1.62 1.61 1.43 2.03 −9.1 −.8 −4.2

Ash................................................. 6.74 6.40 6.75 6.52 6.43 7.44 5.4 1.2 −1.1

Middle Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,474 12,509 12,556 12,555 12,455 12,381 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.03 2.01 1.96 1.99 2.04 2.07 1.0 −.1 −.2

Ash................................................. 11.93 11.52 11.29 11.45 12.28 12.71 3.6 −.7 −.7

New Jersey

Btu.................................................. 13,282 13,341 13,397 13,465 13,402 13,229 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.21 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.27 1.35 −6.2 −1.2 −1.2

Ash................................................. 7.51 7.44 7.21 6.84 7.31 7.99 .9 .7 −.7

New York

Btu.................................................. 13,051 12,959 12,914 12,978 12,923 12,722 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.79 1.71 1.55 1.65 1.77 1.92 5.2 .3 −.7

Ash................................................. 7.90 7.98 8.15 8.02 8.88 10.13 −1.1 −2.9 −2.7

Pennsylvania

Btu.................................................. 12,315 12,368 12,443 12,399 12,302 12,275 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.12 2.11 2.07 2.12 2.14 2.13 .4 −.2 *

Ash................................................. 12.97 12.49 12.11 12.56 13.30 13.40 3.9 −.6 −.4

East North Central

Btu.................................................. 10,676 10,837 10,885 11,005 10,971 11,082 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.28 1.55 1.61 1.77 1.82 1.87 −17.0 −8.4 −4.1

Ash................................................. 8.00 8.34 8.41 8.72 8.75 9.00 −4.0 −2.2 −1.3

Illinois

Btu.................................................. 9,970 10,181 10,362 10,666 10,721 10,537 −2 −2 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.14 1.46 1.63 1.91 2.00 1.82 −22.0 −13.1 −5.1

Ash................................................. 7.01 7.44 7.51 8.19 8.54 8.34 −5.8 −4.8 −1.9

Indiana

Btu.................................................. 10,338 10,535 10,539 10,628 10,570 10,679 −2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.57 1.76 1.78 1.88 1.98 2.39 −11.1 −5.7 −4.6

Ash................................................. 7.65 8.09 8.23 8.43 8.45 9.11 −5.5 −2.5 −1.9

Michigan

Btu.................................................. 10,677 10,925 10,853 10,995 11,052 11,721 −2 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .63 .68 .68 .69 .70 .82 −7.4 −2.5 −2.9

Ash................................................. 6.66 6.97 6.61 6.76 6.58 7.20 −4.4 .3 −.9

Ohio

Btu.................................................. 12,122 12,052 12,049 11,983 11,945 11,910 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.89 2.34 2.39 2.57 2.63 2.45 −19.2 −7.9 −2.8

Ash................................................. 10.84 10.91 11.01 11.24 11.39 11.30 −.6 −1.2 −.4

Wisconsin

Btu.................................................. 9,351 9,565 9,490 9,725 9,643 9,662 −2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .46 .51 .49 .71 .81 .90 −9.7 −13.1 −7.1

Ash................................................. 6.03 6.27 6.11 6.18 6.20 6.48 −3.8 −.7 −.8

West North Central

Btu.................................................. 8,418 8,480 8,366 8,602 8,665 8,778 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .54 .68 .63 .91 .92 1.22 −20.2 −12.5 −8.6

Ash................................................. 6.41 6.82 6.74 7.18 7.23 8.08 −6.0 −2.9 −2.5

Iowa

Btu.................................................. 8,678 8,783 8,660 8,867 8,890 9,186 −1 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .49 .57 .52 .67 .67 .92 −13.5 −7.5 −6.8

Ash................................................. 5.60 5.59 5.47 5.78 5.99 6.44 .2 −1.7 −1.5

See footnotes at end of table.

188 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Quality1

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Kansas

Btu.................................................. 8,730 8,708 8,654 8,900 8,998 8,728 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .43 .49 .43 .49 .59 .93 −11.3 −7.6 −8.2

Ash................................................. 5.46 5.63 5.19 5.74 5.63 7.44 −3.1 −.8 −3.4

Minnesota

Btu.................................................. 8,828 8,821 8,844 8,838 8,802 8,725 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .47 .46 .44 .45 .48 .63 .8 −.4 −3.3

Ash................................................. 6.71 6.64 6.40 6.57 7.08 7.65 1.0 −1.3 −1.4

Missouri

Btu.................................................. 9,216 9,718 9,860 10,321 10,298 10,689 −5 −3 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .57 1.03 1.02 1.80 1.84 2.50 −44.3 −25.3 −15.1

Ash................................................. 5.69 6.65 6.54 7.71 8.00 9.82 −14.4 −8.2 −5.9

Nebraska

Btu.................................................. 8,594 8,571 8,561 8,553 8,542 8,713 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .33 .35 .35 .37 .35 .34 −3.5 −1.4 −.2

Ash................................................. 5.16 5.17 5.11 5.00 4.97 4.95 −.1 .9 .5

North Dakota

Btu.................................................. 6,585 6,593 6,570 6,558 6,606 6,579 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .74 .75 .74 .87 .83 .71 −1.7 −2.9 .5

Ash................................................. 9.29 9.39 9.47 9.29 9.17 8.82 −1.0 .3 .6

South Dakota

Btu.................................................. 6,972 6,049 6,057 6,034 6,025 6,085 15 4 2

Sulfur ............................................. .87 .91 .90 .92 .87 .93 −5.0 −.1 −.7

Ash................................................. 4.96 8.81 8.82 9.34 9.04 8.09 −43.7 −13.9 −5.3

South Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,324 12,362 12,465 12,461 12,425 12,432 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.27 1.33 1.39 1.52 1.51 1.50 −4.8 −4.2 −1.9

Ash................................................. 9.71 9.72 9.81 9.95 9.94 10.10 −.2 −.6 −.4

Delaware

Btu.................................................. 13,085 12,954 13,027 13,064 13,053 13,000 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.00 .92 .94 1.03 .96 .96 8.4 .8 .4

Ash................................................. 8.56 9.09 9.08 8.83 8.66 8.80 −5.8 −.3 −.3

Florida

Btu.................................................. 12,296 12,293 12,332 12,370 12,351 12,276 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.47 1.60 1.57 1.68 1.73 1.80 −8.2 −3.9 −2.2

Ash................................................. 8.09 8.19 8.04 8.33 8.42 8.84 −1.1 −1.0 −1.0

Georgia

Btu.................................................. 11,576 11,774 12,148 12,039 11,936 12,146 −2 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .81 1.05 1.37 1.68 1.63 1.78 −22.9 −15.9 −8.3

Ash................................................. 8.87 8.99 9.94 10.29 10.00 9.80 −1.4 −2.9 −1.1

Maryland

Btu.................................................. 12,965 12,824 12,752 12,753 12,796 12,689 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.06 1.16 1.31 1.36 1.34 1.39 −8.6 −5.7 −3.0

Ash................................................. 9.32 9.91 10.02 10.47 10.46 10.63 −6.0 −2.8 −1.4

North Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,461 12,416 12,465 12,456 12,506 12,554 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .86 .95 .96 .92 .94 .90 −9.5 −2.3 −.5

Ash................................................. 10.20 10.27 10.12 10.17 9.96 9.82 −.7 .6 .4

South Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,852 12,771 12,802 12,817 12,724 12,663 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.19 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.19 1.22 −2.0 −.1 −.3

Ash................................................. 8.53 8.87 8.92 8.77 9.09 9.48 −3.9 −1.6 −1.2

Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,743 12,778 12,817 12,830 12,768 12,854 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.03 .99 1.00 1.03 1.00 .94 3.5 .5 1.0

Ash................................................. 10.21 9.91 9.60 9.48 9.79 9.19 3.0 1.0 1.2

West Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,418 12,468 12,489 12,524 12,505 12,439 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.98 1.87 1.94 2.05 1.92 1.73 6.0 .8 1.5

Ash................................................. 11.88 11.50 11.61 11.32 11.41 11.59 3.3 1.0 .3

East South Central

Btu.................................................. 11,808 11,909 11,988 11,933 11,924 11,862 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.87 1.88 1.91 1.99 2.01 2.02 −.3 −1.7 −.8

Ash................................................. 10.58 10.66 10.92 10.70 10.83 10.98 −.8 −.6 −.4

Alabama

Btu.................................................. 11,861 12,088 12,092 12,061 12,107 12,175 −2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.20 1.30 1.33 1.43 1.40 1.54 −8.2 −3.8 −2.7

Ash................................................. 10.74 11.54 11.79 11.80 11.77 11.59 −6.9 −2.3 −.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 189 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Quality1

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Kentucky

Btu.................................................. 11,625 11,683 11,697 11,620 11,552 11,523 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.42 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.53 2.49 3.5 −1.1 −0.3

Ash................................................. 11.91 11.35 11.64 11.60 11.80 11.79 4.9 .2 .1

Mississippi

Btu.................................................. 11,221 11,312 12,338 12,507 12,555 12,228 −1 −3 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.04 1.02 1.41 1.69 1.56 1.51 1.2 −9.8 −4.1

Ash................................................. 7.81 7.88 8.52 8.31 8.09 8.08 −1.0 −.9 −.4

Tennessee

Btu.................................................. 12,130 12,186 12,268 12,182 12,169 11,908 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.97 2.00 1.92 2.02 2.04 2.01 −1.3 −.8 −.2

Ash................................................. 8.83 8.94 9.14 8.31 8.59 9.92 −1.2 .7 −1.3

West South Central

Btu.................................................. 7,733 7,709 7,646 7,648 7,662 7,682 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .64 .62 .64 .65 .65 .58 3.4 * 1.2

Ash................................................. 9.53 9.50 10.06 10.25 10.42 9.79 .3 −2.2 −.3

Arkansas

Btu.................................................. 8,687 8,707 8,665 8,724 8,734 8,670 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .33 .32 .32 .32 .32 .32 2.4 .3 .1

Ash................................................. 5.10 4.92 5.06 5.12 5.14 5.38 3.6 −.2 −.6

Louisiana

Btu.................................................. 8,110 8,136 8,092 8,122 8,223 8,121 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .58 .51 .52 .50 .49 .50 14.9 4.7 1.8

Ash................................................. 7.42 7.16 7.13 7.20 7.24 7.63 3.6 .6 −.3

Oklahoma

Btu.................................................. 8,557 8,573 8,621 8,700 8,792 8,663 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .36 .35 .37 .42 .44 .40 3.3 −4.5 −1.1

Ash................................................. 5.20 5.07 5.21 5.24 5.27 5.26 2.6 −.3 −.1

Texas

Btu.................................................. 7,346 7,346 7,284 7,234 7,225 7,291 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .77 .73 .75 .76 .75 .66 4.4 .5 1.6

Ash................................................. 11.50 11.31 11.95 12.33 12.56 11.59 1.6 −2.2 −.1

Mountain

Btu.................................................. 9,736 9,755 9,751 9,722 9,777 9,713 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .54 .55 .54 .55 .53 .55 −1.1 .3 −.1

Ash................................................. 11.16 11.11 11.19 11.15 10.90 11.20 .5 .6 *

Arizona

Btu.................................................. 10,274 10,281 10,271 10,303 10,356 10,522 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .53 .51 .49 .51 .51 .53 2.5 .6 *

Ash................................................. 12.13 11.97 12.08 12.19 12.49 11.48 1.4 −.7 .6

Colorado

Btu.................................................. 9,895 9,946 9,888 9,920 9,888 9,770 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .39 .40 .38 .38 .37 .38 −2.5 1.4 .4

Ash................................................. 7.16 7.12 6.97 7.01 6.76 6.79 .5 1.4 .6

Montana

Btu.................................................. 8,520 8,500 8,496 8,576 8,522 8,550 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .68 .66 .65 .66 .65 .65 3.4 1.1 .6

Ash................................................. 9.15 9.05 8.99 8.92 8.81 9.72 1.1 1.0 −.7

Nevada

Btu.................................................. 11,075 11,291 11,012 11,051 11,121 11,222 −2* *

Sulfur ............................................. .48 .49 .49 .49 .50 .52 −2.5 −.7 −.8

Ash................................................. 9.70 9.57 9.73 9.67 9.80 9.44 1.3 −.3 .3

New Mexico

Btu.................................................. 9,033 9,043 8,992 9,013 9,092 9,107 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .80 .82 .81 .81 .80 .78 −2.1 −.2 .3

Ash................................................. 22.51 22.44 22.77 22.49 22.26 21.16 .3 .3 .7

Utah

Btu.................................................. 11,550 11,491 11,489 11,384 11,469 11,488 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .47 .47 .48 .47 .46 .49 .8 1.0 −.3

Ash................................................. 10.27 10.25 10.47 11.24 10.52 10.87 .2 −.6 −.6

Wyoming

Btu.................................................. 8,738 8,766 8,779 8,840 8,756 8,706 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .50 .52 .51 .52 .51 .52 −3.9 −.6 −.4

Ash................................................. 8.06 8.00 7.78 7.54 7.64 8.26 .7 1.3 −.3

See footnotes at end of table.

190 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change and Quality1

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Pacific

Btu.................................................. 8,380 8,543 8,283 8,550 8,122 8,100 −21 *

Sulfur ............................................. .62 .57 .63 .59 .57 .69 7.3 1.8 −1.3

Ash................................................. 11.79 11.14 12.58 11.39 12.22 14.64 5.8 −.9 −2.4

Oregon

Btu.................................................. 8,882 8,937 8,801 9,642 8,429 − −1 1 −

Sulfur ............................................. .30 .37 .38 .40 .32 − −19.1 −1.0 −

Ash................................................. 5.52 5.89 4.98 4.42 4.60 − −6.3 4.7 −

Washington

Btu.................................................. 8,267 8,400 8,125 8,189 8,014 8,100 −21 *

Sulfur ............................................. .69 .65 .71 .66 .66 .69 6.3 .9 −.1

Ash................................................. 13.20 13.04 14.90 13.69 14.88 14.64 1.3 −2.9 −1.1

U.S. Total

Btu.................................................. 10,248 10,338 10,315 10,395 10,378 10,543 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.08 1.17 1.18 1.29 1.30 1.39 −7.3 −4.6 −2.8

Ash................................................. 9.23 9.36 9.55 9.71 9.76 9.98 −1.4 −1.4 −.9

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

* Data round to zero.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 191 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1995

Percent Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1994-1995

New England

Btu ........................................................ 13,410 13,383 13,232 0.2

Sulfur .................................................... 1.32 .72 1.20 83.3

Ash ....................................................... 6.99 5.86 6.87 19.3

Maine

Btu ........................................................ 13,392 13,162 13,062 1.8

Sulfur .................................................... 1.39 .71 1.29 95.8

Ash ....................................................... 6.93 5.30 7.18 30.8

Massachusetts

Btu ........................................................ 13,556 13,939 13,992 −2.8

Sulfur .................................................... .75 .73 .78 2.7

Ash ....................................................... 7.55 7.26 5.48 4.0

Middle Atlantic

Btu ........................................................ 12,559 12,549 12,367 .1

Sulfur .................................................... 1.15 1.14 1.06 .9

Ash ....................................................... 7.11 6.95 7.37 2.3

New Jersey

Btu ........................................................ 12,575 12,515 11,685 .5

Sulfur .................................................... .96 .93 .83 3.2

Ash ....................................................... 11.34 12.40 10.71 −8.5

New York2

Btu ........................................................ 13,122 13,203 13,044 −.6

Sulfur .................................................... 1.29 1.34 1.69 −3.7

Ash ....................................................... 7.20 6.69 7.73 7.6

Pennsylvania2

Btu ........................................................ 12,366 12,326 12,117 .3

Sulfur .................................................... 1.12 1.10 .99 1.8

Ash ....................................................... 7.09 7.00 7.30 1.3

East North Central R Btu ........................................................ 12,022 11,947 11,956 .6

Sulfur .................................................... 1.46 1.52 2.40 −3.9

Ash ....................................................... 7.59 7.61 6.98 −.3

Illinois2 R Btu ........................................................ 11,290 11,387 11,372 −.8

Sulfur .................................................... 1.82 1.94 4.83 −6.2

Ash ....................................................... 7.49 7.66 7.03 −2.2

Indiana2 R Btu ........................................................ 11,894 11,641 11,591 2.2

Sulfur .................................................... 1.20 1.45 1.28 −17.2

Ash ....................................................... 7.38 7.50 6.77 −1.6

Michigan2

Btu ........................................................ 12,386 12,470 12,547 −.7

Sulfur .................................................... .96 1.02 1.05 −5.9

Ash ....................................................... 7.60 7.82 6.98 −2.8

Ohio2 R Btu ........................................................ 12,424 12,429 12,476 *

Sulfur .................................................... 1.69 1.60 1.40 5.6

Ash ....................................................... 7.79 7.66 7.10 1.7

Wisconsin

Btu ........................................................ 12,450 11,873 11,745 4.9

Sulfur .................................................... 2.14 1.52 1.83 40.8

Ash ....................................................... 8.40 7.30 7.25 15.1

West North Central

Btu ........................................................ 8,669 8,710 8,589 −.5

Sulfur .................................................... .89 .88 .90 1.1

Ash ....................................................... 6.54 6.56 6.46 −.3

Iowa

Btu ........................................................ 10,332 10,480 10,344 −1.4

Sulfur .................................................... .96 .98 1.13 −2.0

Ash ....................................................... 6.44 6.38 6.41 .9

Kansas

Btu ........................................................ 12,197 12,249 12,479 −.4

Sulfur .................................................... 3.41 3.11 3.14 9.6

Ash ....................................................... 11.48 11.04 11.78 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.

192 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1995 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1994-1995

Minnesota

Btu ........................................................ 10,280 10,112 10,003 1.7

Sulfur .................................................... .56 .54 .51 3.7

Ash ....................................................... 4.95 5.15 4.56 −3.9

Missouri2

Btu ........................................................ 11,644 11,510 11,527 1.2

Sulfur .................................................... 1.91 1.92 2.01 −.5

Ash ....................................................... 9.92 10.10 10.11 −1.8

Nebraska

Btu ........................................................ 10,096 9,931 9,979 1.7

Sulfur .................................................... .42 .40 .37 5.0

Ash ....................................................... 5.73 5.95 5.20 −3.7

North Dakota

Btu ........................................................ 7,171 7,142 7,172 .4

Sulfur .................................................... .71 .71 .70 −

Ash ....................................................... 6.08 6.14 6.16 −1.0

South Dakota

Btu ........................................................ 9,504 9,418 8,159 .9

Sulfur .................................................... .86 .77 .39 11.7

Ash ....................................................... 7.72 7.15 5.42 8.0

South Atlantic R R Btu ........................................................ 12,992 13,043 12,973 −.4 R R Sulfur .................................................... 1.10 1.15 1.12 −4.3 R R Ash ....................................................... 8.07 7.96 7.62 1.4

Delaware

Btu ........................................................ 13,483 13,300 13,087 1.4

Sulfur .................................................... 1.87 1.89 2.00 −1.1

Ash ....................................................... 7.01 7.73 9.26 −9.3

Florida

Btu ........................................................ 12,865 12,933 12,742 −.5

Sulfur .................................................... .91 .93 .97 −2.1

Ash ....................................................... 8.14 8.93 9.46 −8.8

Georgia

Btu ........................................................ 12,895 13,267 12,870 −2.8

Sulfur .................................................... 1.23 1.29 1.30 −4.6

Ash ....................................................... 8.78 8.90 7.73 −1.3

Maryland2

Btu ........................................................ 12,598 12,330 12,422 2.2

Sulfur .................................................... 1.92 1.89 1.93 1.6

Ash ....................................................... 14.52 10.90 13.32 33.2

North Carolina

Btu ........................................................ 13,250 13,188 13,321 .5

Sulfur .................................................... .97 .91 .92 6.6

Ash ....................................................... 6.99 7.20 6.89 −2.9

South Carolina

Btu ........................................................ 13,051 12,994 12,955 .4

Sulfur .................................................... 1.08 1.12 1.22 −3.6

Ash ....................................................... 8.24 7.95 8.67 3.6

Virginia2 R R Btu ........................................................ 13,067 13,215 13,193 −1.1 R R Sulfur .................................................... 1.05 1.05 .99 − R R Ash ....................................................... 7.75 7.44 7.20 4.2

West Virginia2 R Btu ........................................................ 12,765 12,780 12,721 −.1

Sulfur .................................................... 1.06 1.24 1.06 −14.5

Ash ....................................................... 7.28 7.54 6.32 −3.4

East South Central R Btu ........................................................ 12,941 12,869 12,838 .6

Sulfur .................................................... 1.09 1.09 .74 −

Ash ....................................................... 7.32 7.51 4.54 −2.5

Alabama2 R Btu ........................................................ 12,612 12,694 12,628 −.6

Sulfur .................................................... .94 .98 .71 −4.1

Ash ....................................................... 7.07 7.27 4.25 −2.8

Kentucky2 R Btu ........................................................ 13,086 13,150 12,686 −.5

Sulfur .................................................... 1.03 .99 .90 4.0

Ash ....................................................... 6.61 6.59 6.04 .3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 193 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1995 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1994-1995

Mississippi

Btu ........................................................ 11,897 11,786 12,013 0.9

Sulfur .................................................... 1.41 1.44 2.52 −2.1

Ash ....................................................... 10.66 9.98 10.33 6.8

Tennessee2

Btu ........................................................ 13,160 12,958 13,059 1.6

Sulfur .................................................... 1.35 1.32 1.08 2.3

Ash ....................................................... 8.04 8.47 8.38 −5.1

West South Central R Btu ........................................................ 9,116 8,925 9,143 2.1

Sulfur .................................................... 1.00 1.00 1.05 −

Ash ....................................................... 10.78 11.18 11.55 −3.6

Arkansas

Btu ........................................................ 12,573 12,646 12,850 −.6

Sulfur .................................................... 2.02 2.10 1.97 −3.8

Ash ....................................................... 9.96 10.11 9.78 −1.5

Louisiana

Btu ........................................................ 9,292 9,051 9,255 2.7

Sulfur .................................................... .39 .35 .39 11.4

Ash ....................................................... 5.29 5.09 5.83 3.9

Oklahoma

Btu ........................................................ 9,995 10,118 11,263 −1.2

Sulfur .................................................... .72 .73 .89 −1.4

Ash ....................................................... 5.60 6.18 6.86 −9.4

Texas2 R Btu ........................................................ 8,690 8,447 8,585 2.9

Sulfur .................................................... 1.02 1.04 1.09 −1.9

Ash ....................................................... 12.20 12.72 12.98 −4.1

Mountain R Btu ........................................................ 10,698 10,601 10,443 .9

Sulfur .................................................... .71 .68 .56 4.4

Ash ....................................................... 7.28 7.05 6.75 3.3

Arizona R Btu ........................................................ 10,969 11,072 10,690 −.9

Sulfur .................................................... .54 .48 .46 12.5

Ash ....................................................... 12.23 11.09 11.17 10.3

Colorado R Btu ........................................................ 11,262 10,785 10,564 4.4

Sulfur .................................................... .61 .58 .54 5.2

Ash ....................................................... 7.24 7.00 6.52 3.4

Idaho R Btu ........................................................ 10,232 9,988 10,089 2.4

Sulfur .................................................... .78 .79 .71 −1.3

Ash ....................................................... 6.22 5.72 6.03 8.7

Montana

Btu ........................................................ 8,368 8,496 8,065 −1.5

Sulfur .................................................... .59 .57 .46 3.5

Ash ....................................................... 7.93 7.65 9.31 3.7

Nevada R Btu ........................................................ 11,698 11,907 12,042 −1.8

Sulfur .................................................... .48 .26 .28 84.6

Ash ....................................................... 7.13 4.01 4.63 77.8

New Mexico

Btu ........................................................ 12,518 12,688 12,776 −1.3

Sulfur .................................................... .79 .94 .74 −16.0

Ash ....................................................... 10.26 9.87 9.95 3.9

Utah2

Btu ........................................................ 11,671 11,679 11,530 −.1

Sulfur .................................................... .84 .82 .44 2.4

Ash ....................................................... 8.08 7.68 7.12 5.2

Wyoming R Btu ........................................................ 10,170 10,098 10,074 .7

Sulfur .................................................... .71 .70 .72 1.4

Ash ....................................................... 4.84 5.27 5.12 −8.2

See footnotes at end of table.

194 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke

Plants by Census Division and State, 1993-1995 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1994-1995

Pacific R R Btu ........................................................ 11,551 11,749 12,218 −1.7

Sulfur .................................................... .53 .52 .49 1.9 R R Ash ....................................................... 9.17 8.98 8.65 2.1

California

Btu ........................................................ 11,912 11,950 12,441 −.3

Sulfur .................................................... .52 .52 .49 −

Ash ....................................................... 8.62 8.93 8.35 −3.5

Hawaii R R Btu ........................................................ 9,275 9,576 9,776 −3.1 R R Sulfur .................................................... .53 .51 .52 3.9 R R Ash ....................................................... 15.37 16.72 15.96 −8.1

Oregon

Btu ........................................................ 10,188 10,704 10,216 −4.8

Sulfur .................................................... .54 .53 .51 1.9

Ash ....................................................... 5.98 6.48 5.94 −7.7

Washington

Btu ........................................................ 11,846 11,818 12,151 .2

Sulfur .................................................... .57 .58 .56 −1.7

Ash ....................................................... 9.62 5.63 9.47 70.9

U.S. Total R Btu ........................................................ 11,367 11,316 11,303 .4

Sulfur .................................................... 1.15 1.16 1.23 −.9

Ash ....................................................... 7.61 7.63 6.34 −.3

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

2 Includes sulfur and ash data for coke plants.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data.

Notes: Btu data are for manufacturing plants only. The national average of coke plant data ranges from .51 to 1.70 for sulfur and 2.6 to 10.1 for ash.

The magnitude of changes due to revisions in this table ranges between 0.03 and 72.2 percent.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 195 

Appendix A Major Coal Producing

States

Table A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 510,406 457,144 426,635 467,741 470,434 562,467 11.6 2.0 −1.1

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,546 33,049 27,916 29,815 NA 26,818 −1.5 NA 2.2

Production Total ............................... 24,640 23,266 24,768 25,796 27,269 25,826 5.9 −2.5 −.5

Underground .................................. 17,605 14,471 15,557 15,944 17,070 13,284 21.6 .8 3.2

Surface ........................................... 7,036 8,795 9,211 9,852 10,199 12,542 −20.0 −8.9 −6.2

Capacity Utilization2........................ 75.52 70.19 88.46 86.26 NA 95.80 7.6 NA −2.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 20.7 19.6 17.2 18.1 17.3 21.8 5.4 4.7 −.5

Number of Miners ............................ 5,567 5,418 5,399 5,386 6,314 7,024 2.8 −3.1 −2.5

Productivity Total2........................... 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.49 2.17 1.88 −.6 .8 1.9

Underground .................................. 2.02 1.94 2.09 2.17 1.90 1.54 4.1 1.5 3.1

Surface ........................................... 3.07 3.07 3.01 3.28 2.84 2.47 * 1.9 2.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,358 1,204 1,698 2,185 2,233 − 12.8 −11.7 −

Imports3 ............................................ 162 178 88 − − −−9.2 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 25,159 23,750 25,556 25,491 27,679 NA 5.9 −2.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 19,127 19,220 19,668 19,560 20,667 NA −.5 −1.9 NA

Within State ................................ 18,024 18,351 18,716 18,849 20,150 NA −1.8 −2.8 NA

To Other States ........................... 1,103 870 952 711 517 NA 26.8 20.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 NA 33.2 −3.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 5,330 4,359 5,841 5,789 6,476 NA 22.3 −4.8 NA

Steam ..................................... 702 170 47 142 536 NA 313.0 7.0 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 6,032 4,529 5,888 5,931 7,012 NA 33.2 −3.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 5,330 4,359 5,841 5,789 6,476 NA 22.3 −4.8 NA

Steam ..................................... 702 170 47 142 536 NA 313.0 7.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 34,327 31,473 33,047 31,510 29,349 26,759 9.1 4.0 2.8

Electric Utility ............................... 28,759 25,817 27,533 24,988 23,700 21,436 11.4 4.9 3.3

Industrial ........................................ 2,304 2,394 2,268 3,136 2,468 2,536 −3.7 −1.7 −1.1

Coke ............................................... 3,257 3,253 3,206 3,297 3,166 2,674 .1 .7 2.2

Residential/Commercial................. 7 11 40 89 17 112 −32.5 −18.9 −26.3

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 3,648 4,132 2,797 4,529 4,671 5,208 −11.7 −6.0 −3.9

Electric Utility ............................... 3,282 3,652 2,331 4,071 4,247 4,738 −10.1 −6.2 −4.0

All Other........................................ 366 480 466 458 424 469 −23.6 −3.6 −2.7

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $38.44 $40.12 $42.34 $40.82 $41.14 $41.27 −4.2 −1.7 −.8

Underground .................................. 39.26 39.92 42.00 40.70 40.19 41.36 −1.6 −.6 −.6

Surface ........................................... 36.38 40.45 42.91 41.02 42.72 41.17 −10.1 −3.9 −1.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 37.00 40.42 42.56 41.67 43.82 46.51 −8.4 −4.1 −2.5

Industrial ........................................ 39.53 38.74 39.01 39.76 40.43 43.30 2.0 −.6 −1.0

Coke ............................................... 48.42 47.45 47.50 47.80 48.35 48.42 2.0 * *

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 197 
Table A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... w w w w w w w w w

Productive Capacity1........................ w w w 13,800 NA w −0.6 NA w

Production Total ............................... 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,512 13,203 11,556 −8.5 −2.5 0.4

Surface ........................................... 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,512 13,203 11,556 −8.5 −2.5 .4

Capacity Utilization2........................ w w w 90.67 NA w −7.9 NA w

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... w w w w w w w w w

Number of Miners ............................ 831 864 876 888 900 915 −3.8 −2.0 −1.1

Productivity Total2........................... 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 6.68 −5.4 −1.1 −.6

Surface ........................................... 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.29 6.64 6.68 −5.4 −1.1 −.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,760 2,634 1,590 1,555 1,461 − 4.8 17.2 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 NA −1.9 −2.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 11,783 12,011 12,138 12,418 12,933 NA −1.9 −2.3 NA

Within State ................................ 6,956 7,580 7,566 7,441 7,869 NA −8.2 −3.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,827 4,431 4,572 4,977 5,064 NA 8.9 −1.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 16,682 19,580 18,991 17,915 16,805 14,150 −14.8 −.2 1.8

Electric Utility ............................... 16,021 18,853 18,316 17,280 16,116 11,861 −15.0 −.1 3.4

Industrial ........................................ 657 727 674 632 689 w −9.7 −1.2 w

Residential/Commercial ................. 5 * 1 4 w w NM w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 3,032 3,242 3,717 3,596 4,229 w −6.5 −8.0 w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,998 3,197 3,687 3,543 4,177 3,718 −6.2 −8.0 −2.4

All Other........................................ 34 45 30 53 52 w −23.0 −9.8 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $28.65 $28.26 $27.78 $28.31 $29.16 $28.70 1.4 −.4 *

Industrial ........................................ 40.46 41.35 40.51 40.95 40.09 w −2.1 .2 w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

198 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 692,030 676,272 608,815 608,067 617,752 611,003 2.3 2.9 1.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,435 31,075 30,040 25,848 NA 16,407 4.4 NA 7.9

Production Total ............................... 25,710 25,304 21,886 19,226 17,834 15,237 1.6 9.6 6.0

Underground .................................. 17,187 16,332 12,843 10,246 9,601 5,472 5.2 15.7 13.6

Surface ........................................... 8,523 8,972 9,043 8,981 8,233 9,766 −5.0 .9 −1.5

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.27 81.41 72.84 74.35 NA 92.75 −2.6 NA −1.7

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 26.9 26.7 27.8 31.6 34.6 40.1 .7 −6.1 −4.3

Number of Miners ............................ 1,777 1,905 1,775 1,610 2,037 2,151 −6.7 −3.3 −2.1

Productivity Total2........................... 6.14 6.20 5.85 5.27 5.05 3.84 −.9 5.0 5.3

Underground .................................. 5.86 5.81 5.21 4.52 4.23 2.38 1.0 8.5 10.5

Surface ........................................... 6.79 7.06 7.07 6.52 6.51 5.85 −3.9 1.0 1.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,063 1,575 1,155 955 850 − −32.5 5.8 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 25,635 24,810 21,465 18,864 17,757 NA 3.3 9.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 24,734 24,059 20,338 18,195 17,132 NA 2.8 9.6 NA

Within State ................................ 11,820 12,035 11,181 11,241 10,911 NA −1.8 2.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 12,915 12,024 9,157 6,954 6,222 NA 7.4 20.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 900 752 1,128 669 625 NA 19.8 9.6 NA

Steam ..................................... 900 752 1,128 669 625 NA 19.8 9.6 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 900 752 1,128 669 625 NA 19.8 9.6 NA

Steam ..................................... 900 752 1,128 669 625 NA 19.8 9.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 16,971 17,475 17,070 16,696 16,218 15,029 −2.9 1.1 1.3

Electric Utility ............................... 16,222 16,596 16,252 15,902 15,416 14,150 −2.2 1.3 1.5

Industrial ........................................ 729 857 780 735 738 773 −14.9 −.3 −.6

Residential/Commercial................. 20 23 38 58 w w −14.0 w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 3,682 3,145 3,454 3,439 3,487 w 17.1 1.4 w

Electric Utility ............................... 3,622 3,118 3,428 3,410 3,466 4,520 16.2 1.1 −2.4

All Other........................................ 59 26 25 29 21 w 127.2 30.4 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $19.26 $19.76 $20.35 $21.33 $22.18 $23.44 −2.5 −3.5 −2.2

Underground .................................. 18.58 19.05 20.53 21.80 24.09 26.92 −2.5 −6.3 −4.0

Surface ........................................... 20.63 21.05 20.10 20.80 19.96 21.49 −2.0 .8 −.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 20.73 21.01 21.59 21.67 21.49 22.96 −1.3 −.9 −1.1

Industrial ........................................ 26.11 28.96 28.63 30.34 29.27 26.58 −9.8 −2.8 −.2

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 199 
Table A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 882,323 963,470 1,063,832 1,199,313 1,256,524 1,547,385 −8.4 −8.4 −6.0

Productive Capacity1........................ 56,627 69,414 69,320 75,787 NA 66,366 −18.4 NA −1.7

Production Total ............................... 48,180 52,797 41,098 59,857 60,258 61,866 −8.7 −5.4 −2.7

Underground .................................. 41,118 43,281 33,096 46,965 43,134 39,719 −5.0 −1.2 .4

Surface ........................................... 7,062 9,516 8,002 12,892 17,124 22,147 −25.8 −19.9 −11.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 85.08 76.06 59.28 78.98 NA 93.21 11.9 NA −1.0

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.3 18.3 25.9 20.0 20.8 25.0 .3 −3.2 −3.4

Number of Miners ............................ 5,652 6,591 7,303 8,323 9,102 13,003 −14.2 −11.2 −8.8

Productivity Total2........................... 3.87 3.59 3.23 3.42 3.18 2.37 7.6 5.0 5.6

Underground .................................. 3.86 3.49 3.11 3.21 2.88 2.06 10.5 7.6 7.2

Surface ........................................... 3.89 4.12 3.86 4.47 4.30 3.22 −5.5 −2.4 2.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,069 1,651 713 1,969 1,418 − 25.3 9.9 −

Imports3 ............................................ 223 346 51 − − −−35.6 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 47,869 51,973 42,000 58,913 58,553 NA −7.9 −4.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 45,170 51,737 41,330 57,670 57,290 NA −12.7 −5.8 NA

Within State ................................ 15,587 17,517 15,206 18,167 18,787 NA −11.0 −4.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 29,582 34,220 26,124 39,503 38,503 NA −13.5 −6.4 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 2,699 236 670 1,242 1,263 NA NM 20.9 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 49 236 109 614 546 NA −79.2 −45.3 NA

Steam ..................................... 2,650 − 561 629 717 NA − 38.7 NA

Canada Total ............................... − − − − 4 NA − − NA

Steam..................................... − − − − 4 NA − − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 2,699 236 670 1,242 1,259 NA NM 21.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 49 236 109 614 546 NA −79.2 −45.3 NA

Steam ..................................... 2,650 − 561 629 713 NA − 38.9 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 39,623 39,077 38,135 31,599 34,677 37,082 1.4 3.4 .7

Electric Utility ............................... 33,463 32,599 31,744 25,264 27,754 30,844 2.6 4.8 .9

Industrial ........................................ 3,653 4,187 3,970 3,736 4,426 3,759 −12.8 −4.7 −.3

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 2,234 w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w 245 w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w 9,670 w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 5,331 4,526 4,019 7,399 6,977 8,960 17.8 −6.5 −5.6

All Other........................................ w w w w w 710 w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.05 $23.14 $25.27 $27.66 $28.35 $29.99 −.3 −5.0 −2.9

Underground .................................. 22.88 23.18 25.54 27.93 29.05 30.66 −1.3 −5.8 −3.2

Surface ........................................... 24.04 22.92 24.18 26.69 26.59 28.79 4.9 −2.5 −2.0

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 32.58 32.69 35.30 37.06 36.76 44.71 −.3 −3.0 −3.4

Industrial ........................................ 29.03 29.13 29.42 29.24 30.81 36.91 −.3 −1.5 −2.6

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 49.11 w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

200 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 323,667 304,225 379,294 404,549 419,790 506,785 6.4 −6.3 −4.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 35,256 38,931 43,955 42,990 NA 34,880 −9.4 NA .1

Production Total ............................... 26,007 30,927 29,295 30,466 31,468 32,852 −15.9 −4.6 −2.6

Underground .................................. 3,540 3,324 2,583 2,641 2,832 1,860 6.5 5.7 7.4

Surface ........................................... 22,467 27,603 26,713 27,825 28,636 30,991 −18.6 −5.9 −3.5

Capacity Utilization2........................ 73.70 79.37 66.60 70.86 NA 94.07 −7.1 NA −2.7

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 12.4 9.8 12.9 13.3 13.3 15.4 26.5 −1.7 −2.3

Number of Miners ............................ 2,571 3,206 3,331 3,652 3,919 4,389 −19.8 −10.0 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 4.68 4.28 4.46 4.09 4.02 3.36 9.4 3.8 3.7

Underground .................................. 3.22 2.82 2.49 2.80 2.97 2.11 14.2 2.1 4.8

Surface ........................................... 5.04 4.56 4.82 4.28 4.17 3.49 10.5 4.8 4.2

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 611 803 527 1,016 525 − −23.9 3.9 −

Imports3 ............................................ 761 593 594 − −− 28.3 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 25,695 30,684 29,664 31,393 31,412 NA −16.3 −4.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 25,625 30,477 29,475 31,216 31,204 NA −15.9 −4.8 NA

Within State ................................ 21,185 24,733 23,913 24,655 22,619 NA −14.3 −1.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,439 5,744 5,562 6,561 8,585 NA −22.7 −15.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 70 206 188 177 208 NA −66.2 −23.9 NA

Steam..................................... 70 206 188 177 208 NA −66.2 −23.9 NA

Canada Total ............................... * −−− 3 NA − −42.8 NA

Steam ..................................... * −−− 3 NA − −42.8 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 69 206 188 177 204 NA −66.3 −23.7 NA

Steam..................................... 69 206 188 177 204 NA −66.3 −23.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 62,631 59,996 60,353 58,765 60,790 50,643 4.4 .7 2.4

Electric Utility ............................... 52,089 50,554 48,836 46,937 47,720 37,309 3.0 2.2 3.8

Industrial ........................................ 4,373 4,244 4,587 4,263 4,404 4,980 3.0 −.2 −1.4

Coke ............................................... 5,883 4,841 6,591 7,153 8,234 7,808 21.5 −8.1 −3.1

Residential/Commercial................. 287 356 339 411 433 546 −19.5 −9.8 −6.9

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 9,298 11,707 7,798 12,507 11,387 12,587 −20.6 −4.9 −3.3

Electric Utility ............................... 8,435 10,449 6,935 11,294 9,953 11,248 −19.3 −4.0 −3.1

All Other........................................ 863 1,258 863 1,214 1,434 1,340 −31.4 −11.9 −4.8

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $21.71 $22.28 $22.89 $23.41 $23.58 $25.37 −2.5 −2.0 −1.7

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $25.94 $26.79 $26.73 $27.89 $28.41 $33.70 −3.2 −2.2 −2.9

Industrial ........................................ 33.14 31.35 30.91 31.58 33.01 34.30 5.7 .1 −.4

Coke ............................................... 52.74 50.90 52.29 53.72 53.31 55.00 3.6 −.3 −.5

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 201 
Table A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,279,011 1,365,188 1,828,072 1,452,789 1,632,076 1,729,815 −6.3 −5.9 −3.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 203,173 213,427 204,805 195,352 NA 161,630 −4.8 NA 2.6

Production Total ............................... 153,739 161,642 156,299 161,068 158,980 153,933 −4.9 −.8 *

Underground .................................. 94,207 95,414 92,207 96,053 97,332 87,852 −1.3 −.8 .8

Surface ........................................... 59,532 66,227 64,092 65,016 61,647 66,081 −10.1 −.9 −1.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 75.49 75.54 76.11 82.15 NA 94.22 * NA −2.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 8.3 8.4 11.7 9.0 10.3 11.2 −1.5 −5.1 −3.3

Number of Miners ............................ 21,125 23,368 24,063 24,624 26,642 32,654 −9.6 −5.6 −4.7

Productivity Total2........................... 3.57 3.25 3.25 3.20 3.01 2.45 9.8 4.3 4.3

Underground .................................. 3.25 2.89 2.93 2.91 2.71 2.23 12.4 4.7 4.3

Surface ........................................... 4.23 3.96 3.84 3.75 3.66 2.84 6.8 3.7 4.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 4,777 5,025 3,216 3,796 4,646 − −4.9 .7 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 151,466 159,130 160,395 161,860 158,290 NA −4.8 −1.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 141,771 151,963 150,874 147,825 142,811 NA −6.7 −.2 NA

Within State ................................ 27,140 26,719 28,136 27,941 24,831 NA 1.6 2.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 114,631 125,244 122,738 119,883 117,980 NA −8.5 −.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 9,695 7,167 9,521 14,036 15,478 NA 35.3 −11.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 3,695 2,180 3,310 4,971 4,354 NA 69.5 −4.0 NA

Steam..................................... 6,001 4,987 6,212 9,065 11,124 NA 20.3 −14.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 777 1,099 1,416 2,078 1,560 NA −29.3 −16.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 777 1,073 1,356 1,373 1,125 NA −27.6 −8.8 NA

Steam..................................... − 26 60 705 435 NA −100.0 − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 8,918 6,067 8,106 11,958 13,918 NA 47.0 −10.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 2,917 1,107 1,954 3,599 3,229 NA 163.6 −2.5 NA

Steam..................................... 6,001 4,961 6,152 8,359 10,689 NA 21.0 −13.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 39,516 38,090 39,095 34,704 34,517 32,111 3.7 3.4 2.3

Electric Utility ............................... 35,707 34,564 35,264 31,715 31,432 28,535 3.3 3.2 2.5

Industrial ........................................ 2,250 1,994 2,392 1,648 2,044 2,192 12.8 2.4 .3

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,472 4,466 3,990 5,415 5,881 5,604 .1 −6.6 −2.5

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $24.79 $24.88 $24.77 $24.50 $25.45 $26.09 −.3 −.6 −.6

Underground .................................. 25.18 26.14 25.07 25.18 25.92 26.22 −3.7 −.7 −.4

Surface ........................................... 24.19 23.07 24.35 23.50 24.70 25.93 4.8 −.5 −.8

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 25.71 27.16 27.29 27.01 27.19 30.84 −5.4 −1.4 −2.0

Industrial ........................................ 44.09 43.22 42.30 43.78 46.54 43.98 2.0 −1.3 *

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

202 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,250,866 1,282,525 1,284,806 1,351,609 1,392,795 1,746,243 −2.5 −2.6 −3.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 51,597 51,104 50,849 48,582 NA 35,008 1.0 NA 4.4

Production Total ............................... 39,451 41,640 35,917 38,889 38,237 33,978 −5.3 .8 1.7

Underground .................................. 10 3 10 10 3 − 206.8 38.8 −

Surface ........................................... 39,441 41,636 35,907 38,879 38,235 33,978 −5.3 .8 1.7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 76.44 81.47 70.64 80.03 NA 97.06 −6.2 NA −2.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 31.7 30.8 35.8 34.8 36.4 51.4 2.9 −3.4 −5.2

Number of Miners ............................ 722 705 660 715 794 932 2.4 −2.3 −2.8

Productivity Total2........................... 21.06 21.92 19.49 20.16 18.99 17.63 −3.9 2.6 2.0

Underground .................................. − − 1.06 − − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 21.06 21.92 19.59 20.16 18.99 17.63 −3.9 2.6 2.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 718 635 876 694 571 − 13.2 5.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 39,620 41,916 35,916 38,866 38,119 NA −5.5 1.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 39,362 41,672 35,795 38,804 37,812 NA −5.5 1.0 NA

Within State ................................ 9,477 10,581 9,115 11,159 10,578 NA −10.4 −2.7 NA

To Other States ........................... 29,885 31,092 26,680 27,645 27,234 NA −3.9 2.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 259 243 121 62 306 NA 6.4 −4.1 NA

Steam..................................... 259 243 121 62 306 NA 6.4 −4.1 NA

Canada Total ............................... 259 90 54 − 10 NA 187.8 127.8 NA

Steam..................................... 259 90 54 − 10 NA 187.8 127.8 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... − 153 67 62 297 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − 153 67 62 297 NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 10,005 11,089 9,247 11,040 10,549 7,780 −9.8 −1.3 2.8

Electric Utility ............................... 9,373 10,513 8,869 10,768 10,223 7,438 −10.8 −2.1 2.6

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 511 517 721 735 741 788 −1.2 −8.8 −4.7

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $9.62 $10.39 $11.05 $10.20 $10.76 $12.93 −7.4 −2.7 −3.2

Underground .................................. − w 11.22 − − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 9.62 w 11.05 10.20 10.76 12.93 w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 11.47 $11.79 11.78 12.14 11.44 11.53 −2.7 * −.1

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 203 
Table A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,479,956 1,457,523 1,472,927 1,494,541 1,608,287 1,571,755 1.5 −2.0 −0.7

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,760 32,807 33,360 29,512 NA 23,173 −.1 NA 3.9

Production Total ............................... 26,813 28,041 28,268 24,549 21,518 21,496 −4.4 5.6 2.5

Underground .................................. 640 950 719 93 25 753 −32.6 124.2 −1.8

Surface ........................................... 26,173 27,091 27,549 24,456 21,492 20,743 −3.4 5.0 2.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 81.85 85.47 84.74 83.18 NA 92.76 −4.2 NA −1.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 55.2 52.0 52.1 60.9 74.7 73.1 6.2 −7.3 −3.1

Number of Miners ............................ 1,747 1,786 1,762 1,683 1,650 1,883 −2.2 1.4 −.8

Productivity Total2........................... 6.92 6.77 6.68 6.68 6.25 5.81 2.1 2.6 2.0

Underground .................................. 2.68 2.57 1.63 .40 .71 2.29 4.2 39.2 1.8

Surface ........................................... 7.19 7.18 7.26 7.11 6.31 6.15 .1 3.3 1.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,015 1,467 2,343 1,648 1,760 − 37.3 3.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 26,154 28,570 27,942 24,827 22,378 NA −8.5 4.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 25,640 28,540 27,942 24,823 22,378 NA −10.2 3.5 NA

Within State ................................ 14,630 15,464 14,938 14,829 13,130 NA −5.4 2.7 NA

To Other States ........................... 11,010 13,076 13,004 9,993 9,248 NA −15.8 4.5 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 514 30 − 5 − NA NM − NA

Steam ..................................... 514 30 − 5 − NA NM − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 514 30 − 5 − NA NM − NA

Steam ..................................... 514 30 − 5 − NA NM − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,221 15,374 15,012 14,832 12,858 13,245 −1.0 4.3 1.5

Electric Utility ............................... 15,137 15,297 14,942 14,775 12,809 13,147 −1.0 4.3 1.6

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 967 1,462 1,506 1,570 1,399 1,442 −33.9 −8.8 −4.3

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.80 $23.29 $22.96 $23.14 $23.25 $22.26 2.2 .6 .7

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $25.59 $25.48 $24.61 $23.83 $25.02 $20.64 .4 .6 2.4

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

204 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,667,596 1,694,548 1,411,026 1,335,164 1,385,624 1,532,651 −1.6 4.7 0.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 34,464 35,920 36,371 36,986 NA 27,480 −4.0 NA 2.5

Production Total ............................... 30,112 32,286 31,973 31,744 29,530 25,640 −6.7 .5 1.8

Surface ........................................... 30,112 32,286 31,973 31,744 29,530 25,640 −6.7 .5 1.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 87.37 89.88 87.89 85.83 NA 93.30 −2.8 NA −.7

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 55.4 52.5 44.1 42.1 46.9 59.8 5.5 4.2 −.8

Number of Miners ............................ 716 645 782 744 814 1,052 11.0 −3.1 −4.2

Productivity Total2........................... 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 12.27 −10.8 −1.2 3.5

Surface ........................................... 16.80 18.84 17.66 18.12 17.64 12.27 −10.8 −1.2 3.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,797 1,812 1,607 1,614 1,619 − −.8 2.6 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 NA −6.0 .3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 30,118 32,056 32,372 31,702 29,741 NA −6.0 .3 NA

Within State ................................ 28,838 29,731 30,215 29,573 27,405 NA −3.0 1.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 1,281 2,325 2,157 2,129 2,337 NA −44.9 −14.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 30,237 30,363 30,302 30,301 28,597 23,587 −.4 1.4 2.8

Electric Utility ............................... 22,680 23,248 23,290 23,192 22,174 17,291 −2.4 .6 3.1

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,858 2,406 2,417 2,194 1,999 2,879 −22.8 −1.8 −4.7

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $7.99 $7.62 $7.63 $7.48 $7.84 $8.49 4.9 .5 −.7

Surface ........................................... 7.99 7.62 7.63 7.48 7.84 8.49 4.9 .5 −.7

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 9.65 9.28 9.38 9.45 9.37 10.81 4.0 .7 −1.3

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 205 
Table A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 467,984 479,235 519,768 575,973 590,604 791,792 −2.3 −5.6 −5.7

Productive Capacity1........................ 34,011 43,925 42,236 41,329 NA 39,364 −22.6 NA −1.6

Production Total ............................... 26,118 29,897 28,816 30,403 30,569 36,441 −12.6 −3.8 −3.6

Underground .................................. 13,077 13,607 10,437 12,031 12,237 14,359 −3.9 1.7 −1.0

Surface ........................................... 13,041 16,290 18,379 18,371 18,333 22,082 −19.9 −8.2 −5.7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 76.55 67.87 67.94 73.19 NA 91.98 12.8 NA −2.0

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 17.9 16.0 18.0 18.9 19.3 21.7 11.8 −1.9 −2.1

Number of Miners ............................ 3,386 3,983 3,866 4,515 5,293 8,610 −15.0 −10.6 −9.8

Productivity Total2........................... 3.62 3.42 3.46 3.04 2.67 2.13 6.1 7.9 6.1

Underground .................................. 3.81 3.51 3.27 3.01 2.55 1.78 8.4 10.5 8.8

Surface ........................................... 3.46 3.34 3.58 3.06 2.76 2.44 3.5 5.8 3.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,374 833 550 1,087 821 − 64.8 13.7 −

Imports3 ............................................ 1 2 2 13 − −−13.8 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 24,345 28,749 28,315 29,550 30,023 NA −15.3 −5.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 24,318 28,688 28,315 29,549 30,001 NA −15.2 −5.1 NA

Within State ................................ 20,228 23,907 24,370 26,941 27,061 NA −15.4 −7.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,090 4,782 3,944 2,608 2,940 NA −14.5 8.6 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 28 61 − 2 22 NA −54.7 5.9 NA

Steam ..................................... 28 61 − 2 22 NA −54.7 5.9 NA

Canada Total ............................... 13 − − * 3 NA − 49.1 NA

Steam..................................... 13 − − * 3 NA − 49.1 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 15 61 − 1 19 NA −75.7 −6.5 NA

Steam ..................................... 15 61 − 1 19 NA −75.7 −6.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 56,580 56,711 59,031 58,671 58,578 59,324 −.2 −.9 −.5

Electric Utility ............................... 49,785 49,326 51,456 50,358 49,577 47,785 .9 .1 .4

Industrial ........................................ 3,609 3,794 4,100 3,970 4,813 5,303 −4.9 −6.9 −4.2

Coke ............................................... 2,777 3,092 2,892 3,755 3,698 5,184 −10.2 −6.9 −6.7

Residential/Commercial................. 409 498 584 588 489 1,052 −18.0 −4.4 −10.0

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 5,936 7,815 7,630 10,804 10,618 9,508 −24.0 −13.5 −5.1

Electric Utility ............................... 5,661 7,499 7,249 10,395 10,213 8,785 −24.5 −13.7 −4.8

All Other........................................ 275 316 381 408 405 723 −13.0 −9.2 −10.2

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $25.97 $29.13 $28.04 $26.93 $27.75 $32.80 −10.8 −1.6 −2.6

Underground .................................. 28.98 31.61 30.73 30.11 31.52 39.17 −8.3 −2.1 −3.3

Surface ........................................... 22.92 27.04 26.51 24.84 25.22 28.61 −15.2 −2.4 −2.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 34.44 34.70 34.05 34.40 35.33 38.80 −.8 −.6 −1.3

Industrial ........................................ 35.18 35.75 34.82 35.24 34.85 35.49 −1.6 .2 −.1

Coke ............................................... 42.18 42.02 45.07 46.68 46.15 54.59 .4 −2.2 −2.8

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

206 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 736,601 912,870 939,706 937,427 985,784 1,529,533 −19.3 −7.0 −7.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 77,187 80,975 82,148 82,968 NA 77,674 −4.7 NA −.1

Production Total ............................... 61,576 62,237 59,700 68,981 65,381 71,648 −1.1 −1.5 −1.7

Underground .................................. 41,409 39,974 36,934 45,112 40,953 37,418 3.6 .3 1.1

Surface ........................................... 20,167 22,263 22,766 23,868 24,429 34,230 −9.4 −4.7 −5.7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 78.81 75.89 71.79 82.20 NA 90.85 3.8 NA −1.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 12.0 14.7 15.7 13.6 15.1 21.3 −18.4 −5.6 −6.2

Number of Miners ............................ 8,968 9,975 10,940 12,659 13,506 19,791 −10.1 −9.7 −8.4

Productivity Total2........................... 3.23 2.98 2.80 2.67 2.43 1.83 8.3 7.3 6.5

Underground .................................. 3.49 3.18 2.91 2.81 2.38 1.57 9.6 10.1 9.3

Surface ........................................... 2.79 2.67 2.63 2.45 2.53 2.26 4.3 2.4 2.3

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,487 2,787 1,826 2,903 2,844 − −10.8 −3.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ 87 − − − − −− − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 62,240 61,508 58,990 67,649 65,454 NA 1.2 −1.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 53,961 55,207 53,482 61,208 58,151 NA −2.3 −1.8 NA

Within State ................................ 36,147 35,189 33,456 37,696 36,260 NA 2.7 −.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 17,814 20,018 20,026 23,512 21,891 NA −11.0 −5.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 8,279 6,301 5,508 6,440 7,303 NA 31.4 3.2 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,467 1,624 1,919 1,266 1,332 NA −9.7 2.4 NA

Steam..................................... 6,812 4,677 3,589 5,175 5,971 NA 45.6 3.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 713 844 597 1,599 2,338 NA −15.5 −25.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4 − 10 − 8 NA − −14.2 NA

Steam..................................... 708 844 587 1,599 2,330 NA −16.0 −25.7 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 7,566 5,457 4,911 4,841 4,966 NA 38.6 11.1 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,463 1,624 1,909 1,266 1,324 NA −9.9 2.5 NA

Steam..................................... 6,103 3,833 3,002 3,575 3,641 NA 59.2 13.8 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 55,289 54,094 56,158 56,074 54,931 52,972 2.2 .2 .5

Electric Utility ............................... 39,252 38,044 40,257 40,407 40,662 40,589 3.2 −.9 −.4

Industrial ........................................ 4,027 4,044 4,311 4,173 4,049 3,975 −.4 −.1 .1

Coke ............................................... 10,858 10,849 10,333 9,868 8,812 7,007 .1 5.4 5.0

Residential/Commercial................. 1,151 1,156 1,257 1,626 1,408 1,402 −.4 −4.9 −2.2

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 10,303 12,060 12,265 15,976 15,546 14,691 −14.6 −9.8 −3.9

Electric Utility ............................... 9,244 11,000 11,110 14,866 14,412 13,619 −16.0 −10.5 −4.2

All Other........................................ 1,059 1,060 1,155 1,110 1,135 1,072 −.1 −1.7 −.1

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $26.78 $26.18 $26.50 $28.61 $29.40 $30.30 2.3 −2.3 −1.4

Underground .................................. 27.09 26.59 27.35 30.23 31.72 33.07 1.9 −3.9 −2.2

Surface ........................................... 26.14 25.43 25.09 25.48 25.42 27.22 2.8 .7 −.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 33.48 35.39 35.73 36.81 38.05 36.65 −5.4 −3.1 −1.0

Industrial ........................................ 34.07 33.66 34.04 35.70 35.89 38.17 1.2 −1.3 −1.3

Coke ............................................... 46.11 46.25 46.41 46.49 46.86 47.23 −.3 −.4 −.3

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 207 
Table A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 939,901 1,026,309 1,104,864 1,188,240 1,225,124 1,260,715 −8.4 −6.4 −3.2

Productive Capacity1........................ 54,758 55,856 57,115 58,541 NA 51,980 −2.0 NA .6

Production Total ............................... 52,684 52,346 54,567 55,071 53,825 48,590 .6 −.5 .9

Surface ........................................... 52,684 52,346 54,567 55,071 53,825 48,590 .6 −.5 .9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 96.21 93.72 95.54 94.07 NA 93.48 2.7 NA .3

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 17.8 19.6 20.3 21.6 22.8 25.9 −9.0 −5.9 −4.1

Number of Miners ............................ 1,590 1,733 1,841 2,001 2,149 3,074 −8.3 −7.3 −7.1

Productivity Total2........................... 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 6.33 3.2 6.1 4.1

Surface ........................................... 9.10 8.82 8.42 7.34 7.17 6.33 3.2 6.1 4.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 864 1,430 1,237 543 400 − −39.6 21.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ − 153 156 80 − −−100.0 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 52,832 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 NA 1.1 −.7 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 NA 1.1 −.7 NA

Within State ................................ 52,812 52,256 54,224 54,447 54,243 NA 1.1 −.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 20 − − −− NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 20 − − −− NA − − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 20 − − −− NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 20 − − −− NA − − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 92,612 93,829 96,809 91,568 92,064 79,259 −1.3 .1 1.7

Electric Utility ............................... 88,358 88,479 92,135 87,333 87,856 74,757 −.1 .1 1.9

Industrial ........................................ 4,255 5,350 4,667 4,225 4,198 4,411 −20.5 .3 −.4

Coke ............................................... − − − −− w −−−

Residential/Commercial ................. − * 6 10 w w − w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 10,829 9,793 9,172 10,392 w w 10.6 w w

Electric Utility ............................... 10,628 9,578 8,125 10,143 10,474 9,014 10.9 .4 1.8

All Other........................................ 201 215 1,047 248 w w −6.4 w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $12.16 $12.38 $12.87 $12.42 $12.21 $11.60 −1.8 −.1 .5

Surface ........................................... 12.16 12.38 12.87 12.42 12.21 11.60 −1.8 −.1 .5

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 19.65 19.84 20.91 21.58 21.66 22.59 −.9 −2.4 −1.5

Industrial ........................................ 18.76 19.54 17.58 18.14 18.61 23.95 −4.0 .2 −2.7

Coke ............................................... − − − −− w −−−

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

208 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 374,750 423,349 446,729 488,109 508,872 810,968 −11.5 −7.4 −8.2

Productive Capacity1........................ 30,888 27,640 25,933 25,534 NA 18,216 11.7 NA 6.0

Production Total ............................... 25,167 24,399 21,847 21,339 21,945 14,269 3.1 3.5 6.5

Underground .................................. 25,167 24,399 21,847 21,339 21,945 14,269 3.1 3.5 6.5

Capacity Utilization2........................ 81.48 88.27 84.22 83.57 NA 78.33 −7.7 NA .4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 14.9 17.3 20.4 22.9 23.2 56.8 −14.2 −10.5 −13.8

Number of Miners ............................ 1,893 1,675 1,769 1,997 2,277 2,881 13.0 −4.5 −4.5

Productivity Total2........................... 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 3.08 6.5 10.0 9.6

Underground .................................. 7.02 6.59 5.96 5.46 4.80 3.08 6.5 10.0 9.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,946 1,301 1,203 1,827 1,676 − 49.6 3.8 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 25,521 23,225 22,243 21,052 21,444 NA 9.9 4.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 21,591 20,527 19,283 18,792 19,358 NA 5.2 2.8 NA

Within State ................................ 12,755 13,586 13,418 13,035 13,605 NA −6.1 −1.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 8,836 6,941 5,866 5,758 5,753 NA 27.3 11.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 NA 45.7 17.2 NA

Steam..................................... 3,930 2,698 2,959 2,260 2,086 NA 45.7 17.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... − − 346 − − NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... − − 346 − − NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 3,930 2,698 2,613 2,260 2,086 NA 45.7 17.2 NA

Steam..................................... 3,930 2,698 2,613 2,260 2,086 NA 45.7 17.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,307 16,216 15,848 15,719 14,834 8,112 −5.6 .8 7.3

Electric Utility ............................... 13,325 14,269 13,995 13,857 12,829 6,756 −6.6 .9 7.8

Industrial ........................................ 915 835 727 525 508 380 9.5 15.8 10.3

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,250 2,753 3,264 3,153 4,123 2,344 −18.3 −14.0 −.4

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $19.10 $19.27 $20.81 $21.11 $22.59 $27.64 −.9 −4.1 −4.0

Underground .................................. 19.10 19.27 20.81 21.11 22.59 27.64 −.9 −4.1 −4.0

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 25.27 26.10 27.34 27.54 27.40 32.32 −3.2 −2.0 −2.7

Industrial ........................................ 19.74 26.57 26.51 25.35 26.43 27.59 −25.7 −7.0 −3.6

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 209 
Table A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 203,159 236,773 335,883 365,823 411,849 499,068 −14.2 −16.2 −9.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 43,037 46,462 50,879 54,471 NA 41,501 −7.4 NA .4

Production Total ............................... 34,099 37,129 39,317 43,024 41,954 41,178 −8.2 −5.0 −2.1

Underground .................................. 25,372 28,054 30,166 34,715 34,138 34,054 −9.6 −7.1 −3.2

Surface ........................................... 8,727 9,075 9,151 8,308 7,816 7,124 −3.8 2.8 2.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.07 79.61 77.07 78.70 NA 98.24 −.7 NA −2.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 6.0 6.4 8.5 8.5 9.8 12.1 −6.6 −11.7 −7.6

Number of Miners ............................ 6,919 8,121 8,339 9,138 10,055 13,141 −14.8 −8.9 −6.9

Productivity Total2........................... 2.50 2.51 2.41 2.37 2.23 1.90 −.1 2.9 3.1

Underground .................................. 2.25 2.27 2.19 2.20 2.12 1.81 −.7 1.6 2.4

Surface ........................................... 3.73 3.73 3.55 3.50 2.95 2.48 −.1 6.0 4.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,649 1,180 1,389 1,714 2,154 − 39.7 −6.5 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 34,024 38,548 41,639 45,728 43,495 NA −11.7 −5.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 24,283 26,866 27,388 28,504 25,390 NA −9.6 −1.1 NA

Within State ................................ 5,657 6,867 6,076 6,082 5,457 NA −17.6 .9 NA

To Other States ........................... 18,625 19,999 21,312 22,422 19,933 NA −6.9 −1.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 9,742 11,683 14,251 17,224 18,105 NA −16.6 −14.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 8,917 11,193 13,512 14,005 14,403 NA −20.3 −11.3 NA

Steam..................................... 825 490 739 3,219 3,701 NA 68.3 −31.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 445 786 1,229 1,331 1,404 NA −43.4 −25.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 445 786 1,229 − − NA −43.4 − NA

Steam..................................... − − − 1,331 1,404 NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 9,297 10,897 13,021 15,893 16,701 NA −14.7 −13.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 8,472 10,407 12,283 14,005 14,403 NA −18.6 −12.4 NA

Steam..................................... 825 490 739 1,888 2,298 NA 68.3 −22.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 13,425 12,792 13,584 13,418 13,980 11,857 4.9 −1.0 1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 9,543 8,670 9,447 8,661 8,568 7,345 10.1 2.7 2.9

Industrial ........................................ 2,631 2,838 2,863 3,592 4,301 3,373 −7.3 −11.5 −2.7

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,098 2,064 1,418 1,922 1,685 1,602 −46.8 −10.2 −4.1

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $28.47 $26.84 $26.80 $27.55 $27.45 $28.13 6.1 .9 .1

Underground .................................. 29.20 27.33 27.26 27.88 27.76 28.31 6.8 1.3 .3

Surface ........................................... 26.34 25.33 25.29 26.17 26.12 27.27 4.0 .2 −.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 36.90 37.05 37.57 37.81 38.87 43.86 −.4 −1.3 −1.9

Industrial ........................................ 42.50 41.56 41.27 40.97 40.53 40.29 2.2 1.2 .6

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

210 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,731,400 1,829,630 1,930,903 2,043,062 2,122,087 2,674,207 −5.4 −4.9 −4.7

Productive Capacity1........................ 204,837 201,684 191,706 198,083 NA 138,629 1.6 NA 4.4

Production Total ............................... 162,997 161,776 130,525 162,164 167,352 129,907 .8 −.6 2.5

Underground .................................. 110,029 111,679 87,997 115,212 119,821 103,369 −1.5 −2.1 .7

Surface ........................................... 52,968 50,097 42,528 46,952 47,530 26,539 5.7 2.7 8.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.50 80.07 67.91 81.70 NA 93.24 −.7 NA −1.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 10.6 11.3 14.8 12.6 12.7 20.6 −6.1 −4.3 −7.1

Number of Miners ............................ 21,334 21,861 22,979 26,017 28,310 33,540 −2.4 −6.8 −4.9

Productivity Total2........................... 3.74 3.69 3.27 3.27 3.11 2.19 1.5 4.7 6.1

Underground .................................. 3.40 3.38 2.92 2.99 2.83 2.07 .5 4.7 5.7

Surface ........................................... 4.74 4.62 4.35 4.27 4.18 2.88 2.6 3.1 5.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 6,176 6,692 4,059 7,405 6,464 − −7.7 −1.1 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 165,187 158,985 135,818 163,723 165,576 NA 3.9 −.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 120,866 122,779 102,659 112,917 111,785 NA −1.6 2.0 NA

Within State ................................ 29,018 30,891 22,887 26,644 27,191 NA −6.1 1.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 91,848 91,888 79,772 86,273 84,593 NA * 2.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 44,321 36,205 33,159 50,806 53,792 NA 22.4 −4.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 34,633 31,612 27,627 35,337 35,883 NA 9.6 −.9 NA

Steam..................................... 9,688 4,593 5,532 15,469 17,908 NA 110.9 −14.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... 5,784 5,644 4,108 8,911 7,464 NA 2.5 −6.2 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 5,759 5,605 4,071 8,021 7,351 NA 2.8 −5.9 NA

Steam..................................... 25 40 37 890 113 NA −37.6 −31.5 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 38,537 30,561 29,052 41,895 46,328 NA 26.1 −4.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 28,874 26,008 23,556 27,316 28,532 NA 11.0 .3 NA

Steam..................................... 9,663 4,553 5,495 14,580 17,796 NA 112.2 −14.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 34,489 34,767 32,046 32,019 31,843 35,009 −.8 2.0 −.2

Electric Utility ............................... 30,657 30,318 27,782 28,050 27,557 30,790 1.1 2.7 *

Industrial ........................................ 1,984 2,637 2,406 2,266 2,310 2,234 −24.8 −3.7 −1.3

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,744 4,479 4,001 7,863 7,707 5,667 5.9 −11.4 −1.9

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $27.18 $27.42 $27.58 $28.15 $28.62 $30.90 −.9 −1.3 −1.4

Underground .................................. 27.77 27.93 28.54 29.14 29.63 31.46 −.6 −1.6 −1.4

Surface ........................................... 25.95 26.29 25.57 25.72 26.08 28.70 −1.3 −.1 −1.1

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 31.61 34.70 35.42 36.88 37.93 37.25 −8.9 −4.4 −1.8

Industrial ........................................ 33.61 32.73 32.91 31.93 32.08 33.37 2.7 1.2 .1

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 211 
Table A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 6,723,963 6,999,460 6,830,720 6,750,718 6,336,075 6,622,345 −3.9 1.5 0.2

Productive Capacity1........................ 337,184 321,046 277,875 253,312 NA 147,667 5.0 NA 9.6

Production Total ............................... 263,822 237,092 210,129 190,172 193,854 136,826 11.3 8.0 7.6

Underground .................................. 2,008 2,735 2,136 2,511 2,418 164 −26.6 −4.5 32.0

Surface ........................................... 261,814 234,357 207,993 187,661 191,437 136,661 11.7 8.1 7.5

Capacity Utilization2........................ 78.24 73.85 75.62 75.07 NA 92.65 5.9 NA −1.9

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 25.5 29.5 32.5 35.5 32.7 48.4 −13.7 −6.0 −6.9

Number of Miners ............................ 3,142 3,291 3,159 3,326 3,301 3,679 −4.5 −1.2 −1.7

Productivity Total2........................... 30.06 26.05 24.46 21.50 21.87 15.73 15.4 8.3 7.5

Underground .................................. 5.97 5.07 3.56 4.19 4.17 2.98 17.7 9.4 8.0

Surface ........................................... 31.02 27.37 26.03 22.76 23.11 15.81 13.3 7.6 7.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,997 1,592 998 2,794 2,918 − 25.5 −9.0 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 263,601 235,540 211,713 190,260 194,407 NA 11.9 7.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 261,333 234,016 210,739 188,983 193,425 NA 11.7 7.8 NA

Within State ................................ 26,521 28,334 25,519 26,388 25,284 NA −6.4 1.2 NA

To Other States ........................... 234,812 205,682 185,220 162,595 168,141 NA 14.2 8.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 982 NA 48.9 23.3 NA

Steam ..................................... 2,269 1,524 974 1,277 982 NA 48.9 23.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 32 − − − 20 NA − 11.7 NA

Steam..................................... 32 − − − 20 NA − 11.7 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 962 NA 46.8 23.5 NA

Steam ..................................... 2,237 1,524 974 1,277 962 NA 46.8 23.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 25,933 27,459 26,171 27,339 25,150 19,337 −5.5 .8 3.3

Electric Utility ............................... 23,850 25,350 24,111 25,114 23,115 17,452 −5.9 .8 3.5

Industrial ........................................ 1,937 1,867 1,873 2,126 1,896 w 3.8 .5 w

Residential/Commercial................. 146 242 187 99 w w −39.8 w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,936 2,553 1,841 2,242 2,835 w 15.0 .9 w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,857 2,476 1,728 2,153 2,767 5,284 15.4 .8 −6.6

All Other........................................ 79 77 113 89 68 w 3.3 4.0 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $6.58 $6.83 $7.32 $8.14 $8.09 $10.85 −3.7 −5.0 −5.4

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $14.29 $14.09 $14.03 $13.42 $14.55 $16.06 1.4 −.4 −1.3

Industrial ........................................ 22.72 22.87 23.43 23.67 25.19 w −.6 −2.5 w

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

212 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 420,998 476,538 506,419 514,739 577,615 766,018 −11.6 −7.6 −6.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 24,495 23,451 23,567 28,144 NA 30,832 4.4 NA −2.5

Production Total ............................... 19,911 19,672 18,848 22,284 22,807 29,072 1.2 −3.3 −4.1

Underground .................................. 4,880 4,880 4,523 4,367 5,717 7,863 * −3.9 −5.2

Surface ........................................... 15,031 14,792 14,325 17,917 17,089 21,209 1.6 −3.1 −3.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 81.02 83.52 79.48 78.65 NA 93.59 −3.0 NA −1.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 21.1 24.2 26.9 23.1 25.3 26.3 −12.7 −4.4 −2.4

Number of Miners ............................ 2,312 2,373 2,478 2,918 3,539 5,926 −2.6 −10.1 −9.9

Productivity Total2........................... 3.96 3.82 3.59 3.40 3.09 2.36 3.8 6.4 5.9

Underground .................................. 3.03 2.86 3.05 2.40 2.27 1.89 6.0 7.5 5.3

Surface ........................................... 4.41 4.30 3.80 3.78 3.52 2.60 2.5 5.8 6.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 784 598 297 289 612 − 31.0 6.4 −

Imports3 ............................................ 5,084 5,327 4,605 1,713 1,967 1,486 −4.5 26.8 14.6

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 397,974 398,435 374,259 415,136 411,964 NA −.1 −.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 17,930 17,767 17,914 20,654 21,561 NA .9 −4.5 NA

Within State ................................ 26 25 100 143 106 NA 6.9 −29.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 17,904 17,743 17,814 20,511 21,454 NA .9 −4.4 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 1,150 1,046 1,142 1,250 1,083 NA 10.0 1.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 38 109 51 25 * NA −65.3 NM NA

Steam ..................................... 1,112 937 1,092 1,225 1,083 NA 18.7 .7 NA

Canada Total ............................... 1 3 1 − 23 NA −79.8 −58.5 NA

Steam..................................... 1 3 1 − 23 NA −79.8 −58.5 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 1,149 1,042 1,142 1,250 1,060 NA 10.3 2.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 38 109 51 25 * NA −65.3 NM NA

Steam ..................................... 1,112 934 1,091 1,225 1,060 NA 19.0 1.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 381,790 371,817 365,045 350,253 351,883 317,390 2.7 2.1 2.1

Electric Utility ............................... 344,785 334,773 329,279 315,259 314,762 277,569 3.0 2.3 2.4

Industrial ........................................ 31,328 31,795 31,970 31,728 31,954 30,664 −1.5 −.5 .2

Coke ............................................... 2,784 2,723 1,243 1,148 2,806 6,195 2.2 −.2 −8.5

Residential/Commercial................. 2,892 2,526 2,552 2,119 2,360 2,962 14.5 5.2 −.3

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 62,368 57,506 48,850 68,257 71,836 77,604 8.4 −3.5 −2.4

Electric Utility ............................... 58,348 53,253 45,411 64,006 67,654 71,594 9.6 −3.6 −2.2

All Other........................................ 4,021 4,252 3,439 4,251 4,182 6,011 −5.4 −1.0 −4.4

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $22.80 $23.19 $23.14 $24.39 $25.57 $26.45 −1.7 −2.8 −1.6

Underground .................................. 26.25 26.97 26.72 27.26 26.50 28.42 −2.7 −.2 −.9

Surface ........................................... 21.67 21.94 22.02 23.69 25.26 25.72 −1.2 −3.8 −1.9

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 28.22 29.70 30.68 31.79 32.31 36.22 −5.0 −3.3 −2.7

Industrial ........................................ 38.51 38.72 38.95 39.35 39.70 42.67 −.5 −.8 −1.1

Coke ............................................... 51.67 50.89 58.19 53.10 56.62 52.25 1.5 −2.3 −.1

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Other States include Alaska, Arkansas, California, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Washington. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 213 
Table A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1986, 1991-1995

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 20,105,197 21,016,526 21,535,283 21,626,971 21,998,540 25,047,698 −4.3 −2.2 −2.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,241,054 NA 949,182 −1.6 NA 3.5

Production Total ............................... 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 997,545 995,984 890,315 * .9 1.7

Underground .................................. 396,249 399,103 351,053 407,239 407,225 360,438 −.7 −.7 1.0

Surface ........................................... 636,725 634,401 594,371 590,306 588,759 529,877 .4 2.0 2.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.40 78.11 74.77 80.20 NA 93.33 1.6 NA −1.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 19.5 20.3 22.8 21.7 22.1 28.1 −4.3 −3.1 −4.0

Number of Miners ............................ 90,252 97,500 101,322 110,196 120,602 154,645 −7.4 −7.0 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 5.38 4.98 4.70 4.36 4.09 3.01 8.0 7.1 6.6

Underground .................................. 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.93 2.69 2.00 6.0 5.9 6.0

Surface ........................................... 8.48 7.67 7.23 6.59 6.38 4.60 10.7 7.4 7.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 34,444 33,219 25,284 33,993 32,971 34,090 3.7 1.1 .1

Imports3 ............................................ 6,317 6,599 5,496 1,806 1,967 1,486 −4.3 33.9 17.4

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 998,647 994,146 NA .8 .9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 940,423 949,843 883,934 897,267 885,882 NA −1.0 1.5 NA

Within State ................................ 336,821 353,765 339,034 355,232 345,486 NA −4.8 −.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 603,602 596,078 544,900 542,035 540,395 NA 1.3 2.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 89,907 72,680 75,510 101,380 108,264 NA 23.7 −4.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 54,128 51,313 52,369 62,007 62,995 NA 5.5 −3.7 NA

Steam..................................... 35,779 21,367 23,141 39,373 45,269 NA 67.4 −5.7 NA

Canada Total ............................... 8,023 8,467 7,751 13,919 12,828 NA −5.2 −11.1 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 6,985 7,464 6,666 9,394 8,483 NA −6.4 −4.7 NA

Steam..................................... 1,037 1,003 1,085 4,525 4,345 NA 3.4 −30.1 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 81,884 64,214 67,759 87,461 95,436 NA 27.5 −3.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 47,143 43,849 45,703 52,614 54,511 NA 7.5 −3.6 NA

Steam..................................... 34,742 20,364 22,057 34,848 40,925 NA 70.6 −4.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 940,638 930,201 925,944 892,421 887,621 804,169 1.1 1.5 1.8

Electric Utility ............................... 829,007 817,270 813,508 779,860 772,268 685,056 1.4 1.8 2.1

Industrial ........................................ 72,796 75,179 74,892 74,042 75,405 75,583 −3.2 −.9 −.4

Coke ............................................... 33,011 31,740 31,323 32,366 33,854 35,862 4.0 −.6 −.9

Residential/Commercial................. 5,824 6,013 6,221 6,153 6,094 7,667 −3.1 −1.1 −3.0

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 134,639 136,139 120,458 163,692 167,711 175,226 −1.1 −5.3 −2.9

Electric Utility ............................... 126,304 126,897 111,341 154,130 157,876 161,806 −.5 −5.4 −2.7

All Other........................................ 8,334 9,243 9,117 9,562 9,835 13,420 −9.8 −4.0 −5.1

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.83 $19.41 $19.85 $21.03 $21.49 $23.79 −3.0 −3.3 −2.6

Underground .................................. 26.18 26.39 26.92 27.83 28.56 30.33 −.8 −2.1 −1.6

Surface ........................................... 14.25 15.02 15.67 16.34 16.60 19.34 −5.1 −3.7 −3.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 27.01 28.03 28.58 29.36 30.02 33.30 −3.6 −2.6 −2.3

Industrial ........................................ 32.42 32.55 32.23 32.78 33.54 35.84 −.4 −.8 −1.1

Coke ............................................... 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.92 48.88 50.85 1.7 −.8 −.8

1 For 1986, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1992 through 1995 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1986 through 1991 include only

imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Consumption Total does not include

coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545’’ and ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

214 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Appendix B

Metric Tables

In response to requests from international users of

U.S. coal statistics, certain summary data have been

converted from the customary short tons to metric.

This enables U.S. statistics to be compared with data

published by countries using the metric system. The

conversion to metric tons is made by multiplying

short tons by 0.907185.

The data converted to metric tons are from Tables

ES3, 1, 16, 25, 35, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 92, 94, 96, 98,

and 99.

Table B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1986, 1991-1995

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Production............................................ 937 938 858 905 904 808 * 0.9 1.7

Imports................................................. 7 7 7 3 3 2 −5.0 20.7 14.0

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 31 30 23 31 30 31 3.7 1.1 .1

Consumption........................................ 853 844 840 810 805 730 1.1 1.5 1.8

Exports................................................. 80 65 68 93 99 78 24.1 −5.0 .4

Consumer Stocks1............................... 122 124 109 148 152 159 −1.1 −5.3 −2.9

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by independent power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’ • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’ • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 215 
Table B2. Coal Production by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 22,353 21,106 22,469 23,401 24,738 23,429 5.9 −2.5 −0.5

Alaska .................................................. 1,540 1,422 1,452 1,392 1,303 1,424 8.4 4.3 .9

Arizona ................................................ 10,838 11,844 11,043 11,351 11,977 10,483 −8.5 −2.5 .4

Arkansas .............................................. 26 46 40 53 47 152 −42.8 −13.5 −17.6

California ............................................. − − − 94 51 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 23,324 22,955 19,854 17,442 16,179 13,823 1.6 9.6 6.0

Illinois .................................................. 43,708 47,896 37,283 54,301 54,665 56,124 −8.7 −5.4 −2.7

Indiana ................................................. 23,593 28,057 26,576 27,639 28,547 29,803 −15.9 −4.6 −2.6

Iowa ..................................................... − 42 159 262 312 439 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 258 258 310 329 377 1,348 .1 −9.0 −16.8

Kentucky Total .................................... 139,470 146,639 141,792 146,119 144,224 139,646 −4.9 −.8 *

Eastern .............................................. 107,539 112,897 109,036 108,302 106,340 102,269 −4.7 .3 .5

Western ............................................. 31,931 33,742 32,756 37,817 37,884 37,377 −5.4 −4.2 −1.7

Louisiana.............................................. 3,374 3,141 2,843 2,939 2,858 2,044 7.4 4.2 5.7

Maryland.............................................. 3,327 3,295 3,044 3,031 3,423 3,543 1.0 −.7 −.7

Missouri ............................................... 497 761 592 2,618 2,090 4,252 −34.7 −30.2 −21.2

Montana ............................................... 35,789 37,775 32,583 35,280 34,688 30,824 −5.3 .8 1.7

New Mexico ........................................ 24,324 25,438 25,644 22,270 19,520 19,501 −4.4 5.6 2.5

North Dakota ....................................... 27,317 29,289 29,005 28,797 26,790 23,260 −6.7 .5 1.8

Ohio ..................................................... 23,694 27,122 26,141 27,581 27,732 33,059 −12.6 −3.8 −3.6

Oklahoma............................................. 1,702 1,733 1,595 1,580 1,670 2,765 −1.8 .5 −5.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 55,860 56,460 54,159 62,578 59,313 64,998 −1.1 −1.5 −1.7

Anthracite.......................................... 4,248 4,192 3,906 3,160 3,125 3,894 1.3 8.0 1.0

Bituminous........................................ 51,613 52,268 50,253 59,419 56,188 61,104 −1.3 −2.1 −1.8

Tennessee............................................. 2,922 2,709 2,764 3,154 3,892 6,232 7.8 −6.9 −8.1

Texas.................................................... 47,794 47,488 49,502 49,960 48,829 44,080 .6 −.5 .9

Utah...................................................... 22,831 22,135 19,819 19,359 19,908 12,945 3.1 3.5 6.5

Virginia ................................................ 30,934 33,683 35,668 39,030 38,060 37,356 −8.2 −5.0 −2.1

Washington .......................................... 4,416 4,439 4,300 4,764 4,666 4,174 −.5 −1.4 .6

West Virginia Total............................. 147,869 146,760 118,411 147,112 151,819 117,850 .8 −.6 2.5

Northern ............................................ 41,834 44,739 30,665 45,379 47,314 43,867 −6.5 −3.0 −.5

Southern ............................................ 106,034 102,022 87,746 101,734 104,504 73,983 3.9 .4 4.1

Wyoming ............................................. 239,336 215,086 190,626 172,522 175,862 124,126 11.3 8.0 7.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 394,499 404,033 371,690 414,189 415,317 388,736 −2.3 −1.3 .2

Interior Total1 ................................... 152,884 163,164 151,658 177,499 177,280 178,384 −6.3 −3.6 −1.7

Western Total1 .................................. 389,715 370,382 334,327 313,270 310,945 240,560 5.2 5.8 5.5

East of Miss. River............................ 493,732 513,729 468,306 533,946 536,413 512,040 −3.9 −2.0 −.4

West of Miss. River........................... 443,367 423,851 389,369 371,012 367,129 295,640 4.6 4.8 4.6

U.S. Total............................................ 937,098 937,580 857,675 904,958 903,542 807,680 * .9 1.7

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

216 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 19861 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 29,526 29,982 25,325 27,048 27,392 24,329 −1.5 1.9 2.2

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 1,424 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 10,483 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 136 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 29,425 28,191 27,252 23,449 21,403 14,884 4.4 8.3 7.9

Illinois .................................................. 51,371 62,971 62,886 68,753 68,683 60,206 −18.4 −7.0 −1.7

Indiana ................................................. 31,984 35,318 39,875 39,000 40,964 31,643 −9.4 −6.0 .1

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 500 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 1,426 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 184,316 193,618 185,796 177,220 180,786 146,629 −4.8 .5 2.6

Eastern .............................................. 137,993 146,720 142,717 135,212 132,040 105,814 −5.9 1.1 3.0

Western ............................................. 46,323 46,897 43,079 42,008 48,747 40,815 −1.2 −1.3 1.4

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 2,495 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 3,999 3,930 3,563 3,539 3,854 3,589 1.8 .9 1.2

Missouri ............................................... 980 1,097 w w w 4,705 −10.6 w −16.0

Montana ............................................... 46,808 46,361 46,129 44,073 44,093 31,759 1.0 1.5 4.4

New Mexico ........................................ 29,719 29,762 30,264 26,773 25,571 21,022 −.1 3.8 3.9

North Dakota ....................................... 31,265 32,586 32,995 33,553 32,637 24,929 −4.0 −1.1 2.5

Ohio ..................................................... 30,854 39,848 38,315 37,493 42,997 35,711 −22.6 −8.0 −1.6

Oklahoma............................................. 2,320 2,042 2,197 2,256 2,112 2,808 13.6 2.4 −2.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 70,023 73,460 74,524 75,267 72,954 70,465 −4.7 −1.0 −.1

Anthracite.......................................... 5,939 5,240 5,267 3,758 3,668 3,719 13.3 12.8 5.3

Bituminous........................................ 64,083 68,220 69,256 71,509 69,286 66,746 −6.1 −1.9 −.4

Tennessee............................................. 3,402 3,092 3,414 3,567 4,680 6,368 10.0 −7.7 −6.7

Texas.................................................... 49,676 50,672 51,814 53,108 54,049 47,155 −2.0 −2.1 .6

Utah...................................................... 28,021 25,075 23,526 23,164 23,117 16,525 11.7 4.9 6.0

Virginia ................................................ 39,042 42,150 46,156 49,415 50,141 37,649 −7.4 −6.1 .4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 4,519 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 185,825 182,964 173,913 179,697 181,541 125,762 1.6 .6 4.4

Northern ............................................ 51,124 53,792 54,445 56,981 58,710 46,441 −4.9 −3.4 1.1

Southern ............................................ 134,701 129,172 119,468 122,716 122,831 79,321 4.3 2.3 6.1

Wyoming ............................................. 305,888 291,248 252,084 229,801 227,024 133,962 5.0 7.7 9.6

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 500,664 522,147 507,927 511,239 515,599 409,687 −4.1 −.7 2.3

Interior Total2 ................................... 186,329 203,116 204,968 213,225 222,702 191,889 −8.3 −4.4 −.3

Western Total2 .................................. 491,489 472,817 431,858 401,401 394,300 259,507 3.9 5.7 7.3

East of Miss. River............................ 630,341 667,333 653,767 661,000 673,992 542,351 −5.5 −1.7 1.7

West of Miss. River........................... 548,141 530,746 490,986 464,865 458,609 318,732 3.3 4.5 6.2

U.S. Total............................................ 1,178,482 1,198,079 1,144,753 1,125,866 1,132,601 861,083 −1.6 1.0 3.5

1 For 1986, Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1986, each mine’s daily productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide these data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 217 
Table B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 463 415 387 424 427 510 11.6 2.0 −1.1

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 83 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 259 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 1 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 628 614 552 552 560 554 2.3 2.9 1.4

Illinois .................................................. 800 874 965 1,088 1,140 1,404 −8.4 −8.4 −6.0

Indiana ................................................. 294 276 344 367 381 460 6.4 −6.3 −4.8

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 8 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 23 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,160 1,238 1,658 1,318 1,481 1,569 −6.3 −5.9 −3.3

Eastern .............................................. 692 734 1,222 866 983 1,024 −5.7 −8.4 −4.3

Western ............................................. 468 505 436 452 497 545 −7.2 −1.5 −1.7

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 135 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 52 80 60 53 78 66 −35.0 −9.6 −2.6

Missouri ............................................... 2 11 w w w 146 −80.9 w −37.6

Montana ............................................... 1,135 1,163 1,166 1,226 1,264 1,584 −2.5 −2.6 −3.6

New Mexico ........................................ 1,343 1,322 1,336 1,356 1,459 1,426 1.5 −2.0 −.7

North Dakota ....................................... 1,513 1,537 1,280 1,211 1,257 1,390 −1.6 4.7 .9

Ohio ..................................................... 425 435 472 523 536 718 −2.3 −5.6 −5.7

Oklahoma............................................. 17 39 42 44 36 55 −56.0 −17.1 −12.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 668 828 852 850 894 1,388 −19.3 −7.0 −7.8

Anthracite.......................................... 45 34 59 64 69 72 30.5 −10.2 −5.2

Bituminous........................................ 623 794 793 787 825 1,315 −21.5 −6.8 −8.0

Tennessee............................................. 62 38 27 39 51 76 61.5 5.0 −2.4

Texas.................................................... 853 931 1,002 1,078 1,111 1,144 −8.4 −6.4 −3.2

Utah...................................................... 340 384 405 443 462 736 −11.5 −7.4 −8.2

Virginia ................................................ 184 215 305 332 374 453 −14.2 −16.2 −9.5

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 102 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,571 1,660 1,752 1,853 1,925 2,426 −5.4 −4.9 −4.7

Northern ............................................ 709 781 747 871 939 1,086 −9.2 −6.8 −4.6

Southern ............................................ 861 879 1,005 982 986 1,340 −2.0 −3.3 −4.8

Wyoming ............................................. 6,100 6,350 6,197 6,124 5,748 6,008 −3.9 1.5 .2

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,117 4,404 5,076 4,941 5,268 6,661 −6.5 −6.0 −5.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,572 2,784 2,994 3,228 3,370 3,920 −7.6 −6.5 −4.6

Western Total1 .................................. 11,550 11,878 11,466 11,450 11,319 12,142 −2.8 .5 −.5

East of Miss. River............................ 5,679 6,059 6,822 6,848 7,286 9,070 −6.3 −6.0 −5.1

West of Miss. River........................... 12,560 13,007 12,715 12,772 12,671 13,653 −3.4 −.2 −.9

U.S. Total............................................ 18,239 19,066 19,536 19,620 19,957 22,723 −4.3 −2.2 −2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

218 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1986, 1991-1995

(Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Origin 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... 1,219,813 1,137,082 955,786 926,102 848,646 393,136 7.3 9.5 13.4

Canada .............................................. 1,197,249 1,136,881 953,696 926,102 848,646 392,379 5.3 9.0 13.2

Guatemala ......................................... − − 4 − − −− − −

Mexico .............................................. 196 201 2,086 − − 757 −2.5 − −13.9

Netherlands Antilles ......................... 22,368 − − − − −− − −

South America Total......................... 4,157,892 4,463,532 4,912,696 2,088,277 2,192,038 673,548 −6.8 17.3 22.4

Colombia........................................... 2,482,908 3,075,043 3,734,915 1,599,502 1,706,814 673,548 −19.3 9.8 15.6

Venezuela.......................................... 1,674,984 1,388,489 1,177,781 488,775 485,224 − 20.6 36.3 −

Europe Total ...................................... 474 36 56 81 5 274 NM 212.0 6.3

Czechoslovakia ................................. − − − − 5 −− −100.0 −

Denmark............................................ 214 − 54 − − −− − −

Italy ................................................... − − − − − 219 − −−100.0

Netherlands ....................................... − − − − − 54 − −−100.0

Poland ............................................... − 36 2 − − − −100.0 − −

United Kingdom ............................... 260 − − 81 − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 923,980 1,046,493 642,359 338,513 6,254 126 −11.7 248.6 168.8

China (Mainland).............................. 48 101 − 258 183 90 −52.5 −28.4 −6.7

India .................................................. − − − 60,014 − −− − −

Indonesia ........................................... 923,908 1,025,543 642,359 229,779 6,025 36 −9.9 251.9 209.0

Japan ................................................. 24 1 − − 1 − NM 121.3 −

Malaysia............................................ − − − 48,461 − −− − −

Thailand ............................................ − − − − 45 −− −100.0 −

Vietnam............................................. − 20,848 − − − − −100.0 − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 230,554 91,002 95,664 91,613 28,219 5,313 153.3 69.1 52.0

Australia............................................ 192,054 83,646 90,787 91,613 28,219 5,313 129.6 61.5 49.0

New Zealand..................................... 38,500 7,356 4,877 − − − 423.4 − −

Africa Total........................................ − 141,931 23,967 5,227 − 934,025 −100.0 − −100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − 135,849 18,433 5,227 − 934,025 −100.0 − −100.0

Swaziland.......................................... − 6,082 5,534 − − − −100.0 − −

Total .................................................... 6,532,713 6,880,076 6,630,528 3,449,813 3,075,162 2,006,422 −5.0 20.7 14.0

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 219 
Table B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Metric Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... 2.03 2.04 2.14 2.26 1.97 1.71 −0.6 0.8 1.9

Alaska .................................................. 6.77 6.30 6.71 6.29 6.19 6.14 7.5 2.3 1.1

Arizona ................................................ 5.75 6.08 5.63 5.71 6.03 6.06 −5.4 −1.1 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 1.33 1.38 1.26 1.52 2.06 1.58 −3.7 −10.3 −1.9

California ............................................. − − − 10.09 10.26 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 5.57 5.62 5.30 4.78 4.58 3.48 −.9 5.0 5.3

Illinois .................................................. 3.51 3.26 2.93 3.10 2.89 2.15 7.6 5.0 5.6

Indiana ................................................. 4.24 3.88 4.04 3.71 3.65 3.05 9.4 3.8 3.7

Iowa ..................................................... − 1.38 .65 1.03 1.17 1.42 −100.0 − −

Kansas.................................................. 2.01 1.75 2.09 2.00 1.95 2.57 14.9 .8 −2.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.24 2.95 2.94 2.90 2.73 2.23 9.8 4.3 4.3

Eastern .............................................. 3.14 2.94 2.88 2.82 2.63 2.10 6.9 4.5 4.6

Western ............................................. 3.60 2.97 3.16 3.17 3.05 2.67 21.2 4.2 3.4

Louisiana.............................................. 12.02 11.79 11.02 11.27 11.40 11.30 1.9 1.3 .7

Maryland.............................................. 3.46 3.34 3.10 2.64 2.82 3.18 3.6 5.2 1.0

Missouri ............................................... 2.31 3.26 1.67 2.81 2.44 2.00 −29.0 −1.4 1.6

Montana ............................................... 19.10 19.89 17.68 18.29 17.23 16.00 −3.9 2.6 2.0

New Mexico ........................................ 6.27 6.14 6.06 6.06 5.67 5.27 2.1 2.6 2.0

North Dakota ....................................... 15.24 17.09 16.02 16.43 16.00 11.13 −10.8 −1.2 3.5

Ohio ..................................................... 3.29 3.10 3.14 2.76 2.43 1.93 6.1 7.9 6.1

Oklahoma............................................. 2.69 2.43 2.54 1.97 2.08 1.58 10.8 6.6 6.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.93 2.71 2.54 2.43 2.21 1.66 8.3 7.3 6.5

Anthracite.......................................... 1.89 1.75 1.68 1.21 1.26 .94 8.0 10.6 8.1

Bituminous........................................ 3.06 2.82 2.64 2.55 2.29 1.74 8.5 7.5 6.5

Tennessee............................................. 2.14 2.03 2.24 1.98 1.71 1.43 5.6 5.8 4.6

Texas.................................................... 8.25 8.00 7.63 6.66 6.50 5.74 3.2 6.1 4.1

Utah...................................................... 6.37 5.98 5.41 4.96 4.35 2.79 6.5 10.0 9.6

Virginia ................................................ 2.27 2.28 2.18 2.15 2.02 1.72 −.1 2.9 3.1

Washington .......................................... 3.67 3.73 3.62 4.09 3.60 2.57 −1.6 .5 4.0

West Virginia Total............................. 3.40 3.35 2.97 2.97 2.82 1.99 1.5 4.7 6.1

Northern ............................................ 3.38 3.29 2.70 2.88 2.57 2.13 2.7 7.0 5.3

Southern ............................................ 3.40 3.37 3.07 3.01 2.95 1.91 .9 3.6 6.6

Wyoming ............................................. 27.27 23.63 22.19 19.50 19.84 14.27 15.4 8.3 7.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.01 2.90 2.73 2.67 2.48 1.89 3.9 4.9 5.3

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.51 4.02 4.01 3.79 3.61 2.85 12.1 5.7 5.2

Western Total1 .................................. 14.22 13.23 12.27 11.55 11.27 8.41 7.5 6.0 6.0

East of Miss. River............................ 3.13 2.98 2.82 2.78 2.60 2.01 5.1 4.7 5.0

West of Miss. River........................... 12.87 11.99 11.01 10.01 9.79 7.16 7.3 7.1 6.7

U.S. Total............................................ 4.88 4.51 4.26 3.96 3.71 2.73 8.0 7.1 6.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

220 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 6,043 5,945 5,883 6,620 6,361 5,403 1.6 −1.3 1.3

Connecticut ....................................... 822 782 715 770 777 734 5.1 1.4 1.3

Maine ................................................ 256 421 407 777 339 340 −39.3 −6.8 −3.1

Massachusetts ................................... 3,732 3,567 3,457 3,862 4,038 3,434 4.6 −1.9 .9

New Hampshire ................................ 1,229 1,167 1,295 1,189 1,193 846 5.3 .8 4.2

Rhode Island..................................... 2 3 3 4 4 26 −18.4 −10.3 −23.0

Vermont ............................................ 3 4 5 18 11 24 −43.0 −30.9 −22.2

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 62,040 61,268 63,856 64,790 64,042 59,751 1.3 −.8 .4

New Jersey........................................ 1,881 1,786 2,135 2,130 2,110 2,686 5.3 −2.8 −3.9

New York ......................................... 10,002 10,409 10,776 11,790 12,100 9,009 −3.9 −4.6 1.2

Pennsylvania ..................................... 50,157 49,073 50,945 50,870 49,832 48,056 2.2 .2 .5

East North Central Total ................. 197,300 193,401 191,082 182,035 189,223 181,249 2.0 1.0 .9

Illinois ............................................... 35,946 35,450 34,595 28,667 31,459 33,641 1.4 3.4 .7

Indiana .............................................. 56,818 54,427 54,751 53,310 55,148 45,943 4.4 .7 2.4

Michigan ........................................... 32,283 32,363 29,226 28,626 30,734 30,844 −.2 1.2 .5

Ohio .................................................. 51,328 51,447 53,552 53,225 53,141 53,818 −.2 −.9 −.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 20,925 19,714 18,957 18,208 18,741 17,004 6.1 2.8 2.3

West North Central Total ................ 118,916 113,935 109,715 104,785 105,875 86,659 4.4 2.9 3.6

Iowa .................................................. 18,721 17,546 17,407 16,322 17,001 12,576 6.7 2.4 4.5

Kansas............................................... 15,037 15,566 15,772 12,906 13,500 13,026 −3.4 2.7 1.6

Minnesota.......................................... 17,189 16,991 16,620 15,354 15,416 10,276 1.2 2.8 5.9

Missouri ............................................ 28,806 25,096 21,211 22,843 23,381 21,610 14.8 5.3 3.2

Nebraska ........................................... 9,431 8,437 8,769 7,450 8,037 5,705 11.8 4.1 5.7

North Dakota .................................... 27,431 27,545 27,490 27,488 25,943 21,397 −.4 1.4 2.8

South Dakota .................................... 2,302 2,754 2,445 2,422 2,598 2,069 −16.4 −3.0 1.2

South Atlantic Total.......................... 140,891 137,833 136,604 130,796 130,701 128,002 2.2 1.9 1.1

Delaware ........................................... 1,825 2,020 2,219 1,605 1,983 2,327 −9.6 −2.1 −2.7

District of Columbia......................... 5 43 46 46 60 49 −87.9 −45.8 −22.2

Florida............................................... 24,064 23,661 23,977 23,921 23,590 16,964 1.7 .5 4.0

Georgia.............................................. 28,384 26,539 24,567 23,116 24,455 25,819 6.9 3.8 1.0

Maryland........................................... 10,159 9,518 9,315 8,811 9,715 9,753 6.7 1.1 .4

North Carolina .................................. 21,849 21,121 23,369 21,840 18,940 21,084 3.4 3.6 .4

South Carolina .................................. 11,139 11,787 11,715 10,238 10,388 9,490 −5.5 1.8 1.8

Virginia ............................................. 12,179 11,605 12,323 12,173 12,682 10,756 4.9 −1.0 1.4

West Virginia.................................... 31,288 31,540 29,072 29,047 28,887 31,760 −.8 2.0 −.2

East South Central Total.................. 96,024 90,074 94,371 85,097 82,359 80,315 6.6 3.9 2.0

Alabama ............................................ 31,141 28,552 29,980 28,585 26,625 24,275 9.1 4.0 2.8

Kentucky........................................... 35,849 34,555 35,467 31,483 31,313 29,130 3.7 3.4 2.3

Mississippi ........................................ 4,178 3,887 3,656 3,161 3,458 4,040 7.5 4.8 .4

Tennessee.......................................... 24,856 23,079 25,268 21,868 20,962 22,869 7.7 4.3 .9

West South Central Total ................ 126,195 125,419 127,729 122,660 121,232 104,291 .6 1.0 2.1

Arkansas............................................ 12,284 11,427 10,384 11,374 11,123 11,656 7.5 2.5 .6

Louisiana........................................... 12,118 12,791 12,407 12,405 11,762 9,488 −5.3 .7 2.8

Oklahoma.......................................... 17,777 16,080 17,115 15,812 14,828 11,244 10.5 4.6 5.2

Texas................................................. 84,017 85,121 87,823 83,069 83,519 71,903 −1.3 .1 1.7

Mountain Total.................................. 97,906 104,957 100,401 101,752 95,415 77,396 −6.7 .6 2.6

Arizona.............................................. 15,134 17,763 17,228 16,252 15,245 12,837 −14.8 −.2 1.8

Colorado............................................ 15,395 15,853 15,485 15,146 14,713 13,634 −2.9 1.1 1.3

Idaho ................................................. 421 484 479 485 610 422 −13.0 −8.8 *

Montana ............................................ 9,076 10,060 8,389 10,015 9,570 7,058 −9.8 −1.3 2.8

Nevada .............................................. 6,659 7,229 7,081 7,338 7,340 6,527 −7.9 −2.4 .2

New Mexico ..................................... 13,809 13,947 13,619 13,455 11,664 12,015 −1.0 4.3 1.5

Utah................................................... 13,886 14,711 14,377 14,260 13,457 7,359 −5.6 .8 7.3

Wyoming .......................................... 23,526 24,910 23,742 24,801 22,815 17,542 −5.5 .8 3.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 8,017 11,034 10,362 11,055 10,029 5,990 −27.3 −5.4 3.3

Alaska ............................................... 740 722 783 718 728 697 2.4 .4 .6

California .......................................... 2,375 2,266 2,226 2,559 2,554 1,692 4.8 −1.8 3.8

Hawaii............................................... 110 78 66 42 33 15 41.0 34.5 24.9

Oregon .............................................. 1,020 2,249 1,904 1,927 1,760 148 −54.6 −12.7 23.9

Washington ....................................... 3,772 5,718 5,383 5,808 4,954 3,438 −34.0 −6.6 1.0

U.S. Total............................................ 853,333 843,865 840,003 809,591 805,236 729,530 1.1 1.5 1.8

* Data round to zero.

Note: U.S. Total does not include coal consumed by independent power producers. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 221 
Table B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ 879 1,013 897 1,137 1,029 1,249 −13.3 −3.9 −3.8

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − ww w w

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 11,253 12,762 12,755 17,678 16,553 16,383 −11.8 −9.2 −4.1

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 9,346 10,940 11,127 14,493 14,104 13,328 −14.6 −9.8 −3.9

East North Central Total ................. 30,679 32,507 27,363 39,609 39,172 44,337 −5.6 −5.9 −4.0

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 8,773 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 8,435 10,620 7,074 11,347 10,330 11,419 −20.6 −4.9 −3.3

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 5,385 7,090 6,922 9,801 9,632 8,626 −24.0 −13.5 −5.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 3,317 3,118 w w w w 6.4 w w

West North Central Total ................ 16,976 16,072 w w w w 5.6 w w

Iowa .................................................. 4,034 3,790 3,465 4,406 4,657 4,064 6.4 −3.5 −.1

Kansas............................................... 3,501 2,380 1,836 2,503 3,012 3,056 47.1 3.8 1.5

Minnesota.......................................... 1,800 2,026 1,134 2,043 2,443 3,310 −11.1 −7.3 −6.5

Missouri ............................................ 4,335 4,145 w w w w 4.6 w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 1,821 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 17,878 22,160 17,320 26,565 27,172 23,028 −19.3 −9.9 −2.8

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 2,965 3,550 3,212 3,739 4,427 2,983 −16.5 −9.5 −.1

Georgia.............................................. 3,435 4,394 2,655 4,387 4,916 5,413 −21.8 −8.6 −4.9

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 2,590 3,917 2,776 4,277 4,415 3,637 −33.9 −12.5 −3.7

South Carolina .................................. 1,990 2,298 1,717 2,223 2,033 1,930 −13.4 −.5 .3

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 9,925 10,221 8,416 13,063 13,631 15,900 −2.9 −7.6 −5.1

Alabama ............................................ 3,310 3,748 2,538 4,109 4,237 4,725 −11.7 −6.0 −3.9

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 1,709 1,601 w w w w 6.8 w w

West South Central Total ................ 18,656 14,478 13,703 15,330 w 17,196 28.8 w .9

Arkansas............................................ 2,558 1,612 1,706 1,444 1,964 1,773 58.7 6.8 4.1

Louisiana........................................... 2,422 1,744 1,814 1,592 2,087 w 38.8 3.8 w

Oklahoma.......................................... 3,852 2,238 1,862 2,867 2,648 4,005 72.1 9.8 −.4

Texas................................................. 9,824 8,884 8,320 9,427 w w 10.6 w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 2,751 2,941 3,372 3,263 3,837 w −6.5 −8.0 w

Colorado............................................ 3,340 2,853 3,133 3,120 3,163 w 17.1 1.4 w

Idaho ................................................. 107 71 78 92 71 99 51.1 10.6 .8

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 2,664 2,316 1,670 2,034 2,571 w 15.0 .9 w

Pacific Total ....................................... 2,346 796 833 1,387 1,846 w 194.8 6.2 w

Alaska ............................................... 1 2 4 5 w w −67.4 w w

California .......................................... 121 114 84 99 126 w 6.2 −.9 w

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 22 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 1,786 516 416 667 1,083 1,592 246.1 13.3 1.3

U.S. Total............................................ 122,142 123,504 109,278 148,499 152,145 158,963 −1.1 −5.3 −2.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

222 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... 9,444 8,623 8,363 13,908 10,391 13,403 9.5 −2.4 −3.8

Canada1 ............................................ 8,552 8,340 8,064 13,734 10,140 13,134 2.5 −4.2 −4.6

Mexico .............................................. 790 218 226 70 84 204 261.7 75.3 16.2

Other2 ............................................... 102 65 73 104 167 65 58.1 −11.6 5.2

South America Total......................... 6,321 5,394 5,216 6,141 6,950 6,020 17.2 −2.3 .5

Argentina .......................................... 310 411 476 304 390 682 −24.4 −5.5 −8.4

Brazil................................................. 5,761 4,973 4,715 5,778 6,397 5,189 15.8 −2.6 1.2

Other2 ............................................... 250 11 26 58 163 149 NM 11.3 5.9

Europe Total ...................................... 44,107 32,500 34,088 51,941 59,439 38,603 35.7 −7.2 1.5

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 4,084 4,455 4,744 6,528 6,771 3,958 −8.3 −11.9 .3

Bulgaria............................................. 1,214 1,123 822 546 858 29 8.1 9.1 51.5

Denmark............................................ 1,905 432 305 3,477 4,225 1,926 340.6 −18.0 −.1

Finland .............................................. 1,187 342 229 186 481 45 247.2 25.3 43.9

France................................................ 3,319 2,608 3,603 7,312 8,626 4,889 27.3 −21.2 −4.2

Germany, FR .................................... 1,772 293 461 910 1,581 735 NM 2.9 10.3

Ireland ............................................... 829 883 894 1,314 1,191 698 −6.1 −8.6 1.9

Italy ................................................... 8,222 6,843 6,276 8,476 10,227 9,397 20.1 −5.3 −1.5

Netherlands ....................................... 6,624 4,421 5,046 8,299 8,732 5,108 49.8 −6.7 2.9

Norway.............................................. 109 79 92 107 181 242 38.5 −12.0 −8.5

Portugal............................................. 1,590 958 1,353 1,342 1,478 1,001 65.9 1.8 5.3

Romania ............................................ 1,800 1,409 653 683 1,040 1,008 27.7 14.7 6.6

Spain ................................................. 4,221 3,748 3,687 4,114 4,258 2,377 12.6 −.2 6.6

Sweden.............................................. 1,014 636 668 1,057 1,124 995 59.3 −2.5 .2

Turkey............................................... 1,825 1,211 1,456 1,805 1,983 2,193 50.7 −2.1 −2.0

United Kingdom ............................... 4,288 3,051 3,730 5,076 5,598 2,637 40.5 −6.4 5.5

Other2 ............................................... 107 7 71 708 1,082 1,366 NM −44.0 −24.7

Asia Total ........................................... 17,323 16,290 17,690 18,633 19,766 17,816 6.3 −3.2 −.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,298 3,061 3,117 3,230 4,125 3,348 −24.9 −13.6 −4.1

Israel.................................................. 690 784 770 748 591 346 −12.0 3.9 8.0

Japan ................................................. 10,693 9,215 10,776 11,162 11,130 10,315 16.0 −1.0 .4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 3,640 3,228 3,008 3,041 3,366 3,225 12.8 2.0 1.3

Other2 ............................................... 2 3 20 454 554 583 −30.4 −75.2 −46.5

Oceania & Australia Total............... **1*** −60.1 13.0 −3.0

Other2 ............................................... * * 1 * * * −60.1 13.0 −3.0

Africa Total........................................ 3,133 1,927 2,245 2,378 2,309 1,738 62.5 7.9 6.8

Algeria .............................................. 200 322 371 555 474 621 −38.0 −19.4 −11.8

Egypt................................................. 1,120 951 788 770 698 370 17.8 12.6 13.1

Morocco ............................................ 1,099 76 533 668 919 668 NM 4.6 5.7

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 713 578 515 385 217 − 23.3 34.7 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 38 − 2 78 − −100.0 −100.0

Total .................................................... 80,329 64,735 67,603 93,001 98,855 77,581 24.1 −5.0 .4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons (45,359 metric tons) in 1994.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 223 
Table B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change State and Region 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Alabama............................................... $42.38 $44.22 $46.67 $45.00 $45.34 $45.49 −4.2 −1.7 −0.8

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w 28.33 w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w 18.19 w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w w w w 16.57 w w w

California ............................................. − − − w w − ww w

Colorado .............................................. 21.23 21.78 22.44 23.51 24.45 25.84 −2.5 −3.5 −2.2

Illinois .................................................. 25.41 25.50 27.86 30.49 31.25 33.06 −.3 −5.0 −2.9

Indiana ................................................. 23.93 24.56 25.23 25.81 26.00 27.96 −2.5 −2.0 −1.7

Iowa ..................................................... − w w w w 30.05 w w w

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w 28.27 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 27.33 27.42 27.31 27.01 28.05 28.76 −.3 −.6 −.6

Eastern .............................................. 28.66 27.83 28.11 27.55 29.07 29.08 2.9 −.3 −.2

Western ............................................. 22.88 26.05 24.64 25.46 25.22 27.90 −12.2 −2.4 −2.2

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w 18.41 w w w

Maryland.............................................. 27.22 29.04 27.79 27.99 28.36 28.62 −6.3 −1.0 −.5

Missouri ............................................... 20.84 24.01 w w w 32.70 −13.2 w −4.9

Montana ............................................... 10.61 11.46 12.18 11.24 11.86 14.25 −7.4 −2.7 −3.2

New Mexico ........................................ 26.24 25.68 25.31 25.51 25.63 24.53 2.2 .6 .7

North Dakota ....................................... 8.81 8.40 8.41 8.25 8.64 9.36 4.9 .5 −.7

Ohio ..................................................... 28.62 32.11 30.91 29.69 30.59 36.15 −10.8 −1.6 −2.6

Oklahoma............................................. 26.60 28.18 27.46 28.40 31.44 31.12 −5.6 −4.1 −1.7

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 29.52 28.86 29.21 31.53 32.40 33.40 2.3 −2.3 −1.4

Anthracite.......................................... 43.85 39.76 36.31 37.74 40.05 48.64 10.3 2.3 −1.1

Bituminous........................................ 28.41 28.05 28.70 31.24 32.03 32.52 1.3 −2.9 −1.5

Tennessee............................................. 29.70 29.95 30.01 29.88 29.48 30.86 −.8 .2 −.4

Texas.................................................... 13.41 13.65 14.19 13.69 13.46 12.79 −1.8 −.1 .5

Utah...................................................... 21.06 21.24 22.94 23.27 24.91 30.46 −.9 −4.1 −4.0

Virginia ................................................ 31.38 29.59 29.55 30.37 30.26 31.01 6.1 .9 .1

Washington .......................................... w w w w w 28.36 w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 29.96 30.23 30.40 31.03 31.55 34.06 −.9 −1.3 −1.4

Northern ............................................ 27.46 29.51 30.96 32.00 33.24 33.01 −6.9 −4.7 −2.0

Southern ............................................ 30.94 30.54 30.20 30.60 30.78 34.69 1.3 .1 −1.3

Wyoming ............................................. 7.25 7.53 8.06 8.97 8.92 11.96 −3.7 −5.0 −5.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 30.25 30.16 30.47 30.81 31.63 33.12 .3 −1.1 −1.0

Interior Total1 ................................... 20.73 21.90 22.08 23.82 24.10 25.85 −5.3 −3.7 −2.4

Western Total1 .................................. 11.19 11.65 12.28 12.78 12.91 15.47 −4.0 −3.5 −3.5

East of Miss. River............................ 29.04 29.15 29.56 30.13 30.84 32.43 −.4 −1.5 −1.2

West of Miss. River........................... 11.56 12.03 12.68 13.21 13.29 15.56 −3.9 −3.4 −3.3

U.S. Total............................................ 20.76 21.40 21.88 23.18 23.69 26.23 −3.0 −3.3 −2.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

224 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ $47.78 $47.19 $47.78 $49.76 $51.95 $55.03 1.2 −2.1 −1.5

Connecticut ....................................... 54.37 51.20 49.38 56.55 63.21 65.95 6.2 −3.7 −2.1

Massachusetts ................................... 47.00 47.40 47.83 48.62 49.97 51.81 −.8 −1.5 −1.1

New Hampshire ................................ 45.93 43.72 46.73 49.26 50.93 58.99 5.0 −2.5 −2.7

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 38.17 40.04 40.41 41.41 42.97 41.78 −4.7 −2.9 −1.0

New Jersey........................................ 52.00 53.45 52.36 51.39 52.64 52.73 −2.7 −.3 −.1

New York ......................................... 40.63 41.49 42.58 42.57 45.41 46.26 −2.1 −2.7 −1.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 36.91 39.01 39.39 40.58 41.94 40.40 −5.4 −3.1 −1.0

East North Central Total ................. 32.70 33.69 34.15 35.33 35.97 42.65 −2.9 −2.3 −2.9

Illinois ............................................... 35.91 36.04 38.92 40.85 40.52 49.29 −.3 −3.0 −3.4

Indiana .............................................. 28.59 29.54 29.47 30.75 31.31 37.15 −3.2 −2.2 −2.9

Michigan ........................................... 34.12 36.26 36.57 37.73 38.80 46.83 −5.9 −3.2 −3.4

Ohio .................................................. 37.96 38.25 37.54 37.92 38.95 42.77 −.8 −.6 −1.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 23.40 25.50 25.31 28.57 28.87 34.58 −8.2 −5.1 −4.2

West North Central Total ................ 17.75 18.47 18.60 20.86 21.43 24.71 −3.9 −4.6 −3.6

Iowa .................................................. 18.88 19.17 19.32 21.58 21.63 27.78 −1.5 −3.3 −4.2

Kansas............................................... 19.66 19.68 19.49 23.14 24.31 25.38 −.1 −5.2 −2.8

Minnesota.......................................... 22.18 22.14 22.12 23.10 24.45 26.17 .2 −2.4 −1.8

Missouri ............................................ 20.00 23.58 26.90 30.39 30.48 34.55 −15.2 −10.0 −5.9

Nebraska ........................................... 14.18 14.45 14.24 14.07 14.03 19.98 −1.9 .3 −3.7

North Dakota .................................... 10.64 10.23 10.34 10.42 10.32 11.91 4.0 .7 −1.3

South Dakota .................................... 15.82 14.44 14.66 15.07 15.04 16.64 9.6 1.3 −.6

South Atlantic Total.......................... 42.17 43.57 44.98 45.50 46.49 47.70 −3.2 −2.4 −1.4

Delaware ........................................... 46.60 46.28 48.53 49.95 51.27 54.84 .7 −2.3 −1.8

Florida............................................... 48.42 48.18 48.04 49.63 50.56 52.20 .5 −1.1 −.8

Georgia.............................................. 42.57 43.89 47.72 47.80 47.35 48.44 −3.0 −2.6 −1.4

Maryland........................................... 42.99 43.92 44.95 44.84 46.11 46.61 −2.1 −1.7 −.9

North Carolina .................................. 44.72 46.04 46.69 47.40 49.04 51.14 −2.9 −2.3 −1.5

South Carolina .................................. 42.83 43.92 44.28 43.14 45.60 50.95 −2.5 −1.5 −1.9

Virginia ............................................. 40.68 40.84 41.41 41.67 42.85 48.35 −.4 −1.3 −1.9

West Virginia.................................... 34.84 38.25 39.05 40.65 41.81 41.06 −8.9 −4.4 −1.8

East South Central Total.................. 33.16 35.75 36.71 36.43 37.40 41.43 −7.2 −3.0 −2.4

Alabama ............................................ 40.78 44.55 46.91 45.93 48.31 51.26 −8.4 −4.1 −2.5

Kentucky........................................... 28.34 29.94 30.08 29.77 29.98 33.99 −5.4 −1.4 −2.0

Mississippi ........................................ 37.92 39.18 44.66 44.02 46.21 61.85 −3.2 −4.8 −5.3

Tennessee.......................................... 30.80 33.75 34.11 34.18 33.59 37.25 −8.7 −2.1 −2.1

West South Central Total ................ 22.78 22.91 24.40 24.86 25.33 26.87 −.6 −2.6 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 30.85 30.76 32.52 31.79 30.75 29.87 .3 .1 .3

Louisiana........................................... 27.70 27.61 28.27 27.48 29.86 32.12 .3 −1.9 −1.6

Oklahoma.......................................... 18.74 19.29 23.50 23.66 25.55 31.27 −2.8 −7.4 −5.5

Texas................................................. 21.66 21.86 23.05 23.79 23.88 24.90 −.9 −2.4 −1.5

Mountain Total.................................. 23.71 24.07 24.37 23.85 24.49 24.76 −1.5 −.8 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 31.59 31.15 30.63 31.20 32.14 31.64 1.4 −.4 *

Colorado............................................ 22.85 23.16 23.80 23.88 23.69 25.31 −1.3 −.9 −1.1

Montana ............................................ 12.64 12.99 12.98 13.38 12.61 12.71 −2.7 * −.1

Nevada .............................................. 31.99 35.68 35.64 35.63 34.48 34.42 −10.3 −1.8 −.8

New Mexico ..................................... 28.21 28.08 27.12 26.27 27.58 22.76 .4 .6 2.4

Utah................................................... 27.85 28.77 30.13 30.35 30.20 35.63 −3.2 −2.0 −2.7

Wyoming .......................................... 15.75 15.53 15.47 14.79 16.03 17.70 1.4 −.4 −1.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 25.16 24.18 23.75 24.44 25.53 30.10 4.1 −.3 −2.0

Oregon .............................................. 20.72 21.14 21.77 23.40 20.15 − −2.0 .7 −

Washington ....................................... 26.17 25.27 24.35 24.78 27.41 30.10 3.5 −1.1 −1.5

U.S. Total............................................ 29.77 30.89 31.51 32.36 33.10 36.70 −3.6 −2.6 −2.3

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 225 
Table B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census

Division and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

New England Total............................ $62.72 $61.44 $63.75 $72.43 $73.57 $70.51 2.1 −3.9 −1.3

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − ww w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − ww w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 46.19 46.52 46.47 48.44 48.27 48.23 −.7 −1.1 −.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 37.56 37.10 37.53 39.35 39.57 42.08 1.2 −1.3 −1.3

East North Central Total ................. 38.45 38.27 38.07 38.64 39.66 43.09 .5 −.8 −1.3

Illinois ............................................... 32.00 32.11 32.43 32.23 33.96 40.69 −.3 −1.5 −2.6

Indiana .............................................. 36.53 34.56 34.07 34.81 36.38 37.80 5.7 .1 −.4

Michigan ........................................... 45.39 45.42 45.70 46.49 48.16 52.07 −.1 −1.5 −1.5

Ohio .................................................. 38.78 39.40 38.38 38.84 38.41 39.12 −1.6 .2 −.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 44.32 45.45 45.02 46.60 47.74 52.61 −2.5 −1.8 −1.9

West North Central Total ................ 20.86 20.52 19.84 19.57 20.21 21.30 1.7 .8 −.2

Iowa .................................................. 32.23 31.44 30.87 29.94 32.13 39.18 2.5 .1 −2.1

Kansas............................................... 35.74 35.55 36.44 35.23 33.96 41.08 .5 1.3 −1.5

Minnesota.......................................... 37.92 39.31 39.47 39.27 39.97 44.75 −3.5 −1.3 −1.8

Missouri ............................................ 36.17 36.24 35.40 34.70 34.48 34.46 −.2 1.2 .5

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w 33.92 w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 51.41 51.37 53.22 53.20 52.27 54.36 .1 −.4 −.6

Georgia.............................................. 49.21 50.39 49.82 49.80 49.55 48.29 −2.3 −.2 .2

Maryland........................................... 34.90 35.47 35.47 36.18 37.16 36.29 −1.6 −1.5 −.4

North Carolina .................................. 47.72 48.08 47.89 47.91 47.45 50.40 −.7 .1 −.6

South Carolina .................................. 47.58 48.32 47.78 47.74 47.61 48.60 −1.5 * −.2

Virginia ............................................. 46.85 45.82 45.49 45.16 44.67 44.41 2.2 1.2 .6

West Virginia.................................... 37.05 36.07 36.28 35.20 35.37 36.78 2.7 1.2 .1

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 43.58 42.70 43.00 43.83 44.57 47.73 2.0 −.6 −1.0

Kentucky........................................... 48.60 47.64 46.63 48.26 51.30 48.49 2.0 −1.3 *

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 39.33 38.96 39.04 39.16 39.31 42.02 1.0 * −.7

West South Central Total ................ 24.29 25.29 23.57 25.13 25.70 w −4.0 −1.4 w

Arkansas............................................ 47.97 48.81 48.57 49.18 49.71 50.51 −1.7 −.9 −.6

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w 43.83 w w w

Texas................................................. 20.68 21.54 19.38 19.99 20.51 26.41 −4.0 .2 −2.7

Mountain Total.................................. 29.83 31.73 31.43 31.59 32.63 34.10 −6.0 −2.2 −1.5

Arizona.............................................. 44.60 45.58 44.65 45.14 44.20 w −2.1 .2 w

Colorado............................................ 28.78 31.92 31.56 33.44 32.27 29.30 −9.8 −2.8 −.2

Idaho ................................................. 37.60 36.76 36.13 36.70 37.38 40.26 2.3 .1 −.8

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 21.76 29.29 29.23 27.94 29.13 30.41 −25.7 −7.0 −3.6

Wyoming .......................................... 25.05 25.21 25.83 26.09 27.76 w −.6 −2.5 w

Pacific Total ....................................... 48.15 49.51 48.31 47.80 50.43 54.03 −2.8 −1.1 −1.3

California .......................................... 45.32 47.83 47.25 46.35 49.37 56.79 −5.3 −2.1 −2.5

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w 64.32 w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 65.20 64.89 58.54 62.00 65.22 45.73 .5 * 4.0

U.S. Total............................................ 35.74 35.88 35.53 36.14 36.97 39.51 −.4 −.8 −1.1

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

226 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change

1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $50.83 $50.98 $51.16 $51.25 $51.65 $52.06 −0.3 −0.4 −0.3

East North Central Total ................. 54.12 52.06 54.58 55.53 55.89 59.46 3.9 −.8 −1.0

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w 54.14 w w w

Indiana .............................................. 58.13 56.11 57.64 59.21 58.77 60.62 3.6 −.3 −.5

Michigan ........................................... w w − − w ww w w

Ohio .................................................. 46.50 46.32 49.68 51.45 50.87 60.17 .4 −2.2 −2.8

West North Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Missouri ............................................ − − − − − w − w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − w ww w w

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 53.38 52.31 52.36 52.70 53.29 53.37 2.0 * *

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − w w − w w

West South Central Total ................ −−−−− w − w w

Texas................................................. − − − − − w − w w

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 52.18 51.32 52.30 52.82 53.88 56.05 1.7 −.8 −.8

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 227 
Table B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Origin 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $35.92 $33.74 $31.97 $30.73 $27.67 $32.90 6.5 6.7 1.0

Canada .............................................. 35.92 33.74 31.98 30.73 27.67 32.90 6.5 6.7 1.0

Mexico .............................................. − − 23.35 − − −− − −

South America Total......................... 36.11 31.97 30.46 36.42 38.19 38.80 13.0 −1.4 −.8

Colombia........................................... 34.33 30.27 30.04 35.55 36.24 38.80 13.4 −1.3 −1.3

Venezuela.......................................... 38.74 35.73 31.82 39.25 45.06 − 8.4 −3.7 −

Europe Total ...................................... 28.27 − 35.65 37.49 − −− − −

Denmark............................................ − − 35.65 − − −− − −

United Kingdom ............................... 28.27 − − 37.49 − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 38.73 37.58 47.07 42.71 − − 3.1 − −

India .................................................. − − − 26.07 − −− − −

Indonesia........................................... 38.73 37.26 47.07 45.13 − − 3.9 − −

Malaysia............................................ − − − 51.87 − −− − −

Vietnam............................................. − 53.00 − − − − −100.0 − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 37.00 34.35 34.79 39.76 41.86 51.41 7.7 −3.0 −3.6

Australia............................................ 34.16 33.09 34.79 39.76 41.86 51.41 3.2 −4.9 −4.4

New Zealand..................................... 51.17 48.67 −−−− 5.1 − −

Africa Total........................................ − 27.92 30.66 54.33 − 41.24 −100.0 − −100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − 27.92 − 54.33 − 41.24 −100.0 − −100.0

Swaziland.......................................... − − 30.66 − − −− − −

Total1 .................................................. 36.50 33.05 32.37 35.80 35.65 39.25 10.4 .6 −.8

U.S. Total2.......................................... 37.62 33.30 32.94 36.88 36.51 39.70 13.0 .7 −.6

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $50 per short ton ($18.14 to $45.36 per metric ton), inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

228 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1986, 1991-1995

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1986 Change of Destination 1994-1995 1991-1995 1986-1995

North America Total......................... $37.58 $36.22 $37.65 $36.44 $37.05 $53.65 3.7 0.3 −3.9

Canada1 ............................................ 37.05 35.83 37.33 36.37 36.91 53.84 3.4 .1 −4.1

Mexico .............................................. 43.34 48.80 48.54 47.93 48.11 47.17 −11.2 −2.6 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 37.47 38.99 38.69 40.11 39.36 41.17 −3.9 −1.2 −1.0

South America Total......................... 47.87 46.61 48.25 50.20 50.97 52.64 2.7 −1.5 −1.0

Argentina .......................................... 47.09 46.85 47.63 50.09 50.26 52.20 .5 −1.6 −1.1

Brazil................................................. 48.37 46.59 48.32 50.23 51.20 52.70 3.8 −1.4 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 36.98 44.81 43.51 47.36 42.77 52.63 −17.5 −3.6 −3.8

Europe Total ...................................... 46.57 46.65 47.82 47.03 47.49 48.18 −.2 −.5 −.4

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 47.91 46.55 47.55 48.51 49.40 49.48 2.9 −.8 −.3

Bulgaria............................................. 48.54 46.40 46.25 47.72 46.92 54.00 4.6 .8 −1.2

Denmark............................................ 35.12 32.22 38.53 36.03 36.32 39.71 9.0 −.8 −1.3

Finland .............................................. 43.51 45.34 43.66 44.99 49.35 34.70 −4.0 −3.1 2.5

France................................................ 48.19 48.76 46.56 43.40 44.29 47.30 −1.2 2.1 .2

Germany, FR .................................... 38.57 49.97 42.97 42.19 43.36 48.46 −22.8 −2.9 −2.5

Ireland ............................................... 39.76 37.28 39.51 40.57 43.57 50.56 6.6 −2.3 −2.6

Italy ................................................... 48.66 47.40 48.86 49.97 50.02 47.52 2.7 −.7 .3

Netherlands ....................................... 46.44 46.28 48.75 47.78 47.60 50.00 .3 −.6 −.8

Norway.............................................. − 52.22 − 52.86 35.40 50.38 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Portugal............................................. 40.18 39.96 41.56 44.91 45.05 46.18 .6 −2.8 −1.5

Romania ............................................ 46.66 38.69 39.99 45.88 50.58 46.58 20.6 −2.0 *

Spain ................................................. 52.24 51.09 51.84 51.61 49.85 49.51 2.2 1.2 .6

Sweden.............................................. 52.44 50.22 50.66 51.44 52.60 50.58 4.4 −.1 .4

Turkey............................................... 47.16 45.51 46.94 50.20 51.63 50.05 3.6 −2.2 −.6

United Kingdom ............................... 47.69 49.84 50.60 50.20 51.09 52.22 −4.3 −1.7 −1.0

Other2 ............................................... 41.96 42.04 43.65 49.32 51.15 45.47 −.2 −4.8 −.9

Asia Total ........................................... 43.20 42.62 44.74 47.02 47.67 48.77 1.4 −2.4 −1.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 40.73 42.60 43.53 45.45 46.00 45.91 −4.4 −3.0 −1.3

Israel.................................................. 39.45 36.63 38.35 43.11 43.95 42.53 7.7 −2.7 −.8

Japan ................................................. 43.14 42.53 45.06 47.30 47.83 52.28 1.4 −2.5 −2.1

Korea, Republic of ........................... 45.71 44.35 46.43 49.53 50.65 45.58 3.1 −2.5 *

Other2 ............................................... 37.92 41.05 48.75 40.85 42.56 43.08 −7.6 −2.8 −1.4

Oceania & Australia Total............... 43.82 44.04 37.99 38.08 − 43.98 −.5 − *

Other2 ............................................... 43.82 44.04 37.99 38.08 − 43.98 −.5 − *

Africa Total........................................ 45.40 48.05 46.90 47.37 45.49 48.93 −5.5 * −.8

Algeria .............................................. 52.69 47.66 48.85 51.10 51.26 52.53 10.5 .7 *

Egypt................................................. 50.88 47.55 49.45 50.80 50.36 48.05 7.0 .3 .6

Morocco ............................................ 36.37 38.62 37.32 37.26 37.18 46.23 −5.8 −.5 −2.6

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 52.23 50.34 51.67 52.68 53.92 − 3.8 −.8 −

Other2 ............................................... − − 44.68 − 44.99 47.57 − −100.0 −100.0

Total3 .................................................. 44.79 44.36 45.77 45.68 46.69 49.52 1.0 −1.0 −1.1

U.S. Total4.......................................... 44.39 44.02 45.65 45.57 46.73 50.65 .8 −1.3 −1.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1994.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $28 to $50 per short ton ($25.40 to $45.36 per metric ton), inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 229 


Coal Reports and Feature

Articles

Coal Reports

• Weekly Coal Production, DOE/EIA-0218 (96-33).

• Coal Data: A Reference, DOE/EIA-0064 (93),

February 1995.

• State Coal Profiles, DOE/EIA-0576, January

1994.

• Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121(96/1Q).

• The Changing Structure of the U.S. Coal Industry:

An Update, DOE/EIA-0513(93), July 1993.

• U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update

DOE/EIA-0529(95), August 1996.

• The U.S. Coal Industry, 1970-1990: Two Decades

of Change, DOA/EIA-0559, November 1992.

• Trends in Contract Coal Transportation,

1979-1987, DOE/EIA-0549, September 1991.

• Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226(96/08),

August 1996.

• Electric Power Annual, DOE/EIA-0348(95), Vol.

1, July 1996.

• Longwall Mining, DOE/EIA-TR-0588 March

1995.

• Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(96/07)

July 1996.

• Electric Utility Phase I Acid Rain Compliance

Strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments of

1990, DOE/EIA-0582, March 1994.

• Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility

Plants 1994, DOE/EIA-0191(94), July 1995.

Feature Articles

• "Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal,"

Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/1Q),

August 1994.

• "Federal and Indian Coal Lands: A Growing

Source of Energy and Revenue," Coal Production

1992, DOE/EIA-0118(92), October 1993.

• "Coal Supply and Demand in 1993: A Review,

1993," Mining Engineering, May 1994,

pp.433-436.

• "Wyoming Coal: An Overview," Coal Production

1991, DOE/EIA-0118(91), October 1992.

• "Profile of New Coal Mines in the 1980's," Coal

Production 1990, DOE/EIA-0118), September

1991.

• "The Comparability of Resource and Reserve

Data for Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, and

Uranium," Quarterly Coal Report OctoberDecember 1994, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/4Q) May

1995.

• "Annual Review 1995: Coal Overview," Mining

Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1996, pp.

41-46.

• "Coal Geology, Reserves and Production in

Northern and Central Appalachia," Mining Engineering, Special Edition, December 1995.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 233 
Table C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal

(Million Btu per Short Ton)

 Coal Rank 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Sector

Anthracite

Production............................................................... 23.289 22.734 23.107 22.428 23.084 23.108 23.266

Consumption........................................................... 22.518 21.583 22.322 20.817 21.512 22.435 22.423

Non-electric utility users................................. 24.578 24.536 25.128 23.031 24.399 26.293 26.021

Electric utilities ............................................... 18.160 16.516 17.018 16.784 15.578 15.962 17.312

Imports and exports................................................ 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400

Bituminous Coal and Lignite

Production............................................................... 22.233 22.048 22.005 21.867 21.908 21.918 21.817

Consumption........................................................... 21.670 21.576 21.570 21.368 21.462 21.514 21.324

Residential and commercial............................ 22.226 22.438 22.406 22.568 22.669 22.800 23.135

Coke plants...................................................... 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800

Other industrial and

transportation ........................................... 22.695 22.680 22.525 22.013 22.185 22.360 22.341

Electric utilities ............................................... 21.200 21.141 21.108 20.965 21.091 21.143 20.905

Imports.................................................................... 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000

Exports.................................................................... 26.231 26.300 26.410 26.320 26.308 26.304 26.308

Coal Coke .................................................................. 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Anthracite

Production............................................................... 23.385 23.574 22.573 22.572 22.573 22.572 22.573

Consumption........................................................... 22.623 21.668 21.410 21.423 21.262 21.828 20.860

Non-electric utility users................................. 27.196 25.199 25.268 24.617 24.096 25.037 24.872

Electric utilities ............................................... 16.310 16.140 15.858 16.944 16.534 14.680 14.568

Imports and exports................................................ 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400 25.400

Bituminous Coal and Lignite

Production............................................................... 21.759 21.819 21.678 21.643 21.383 21.347 21.272

Consumption........................................................... 21.268 21.330 21.146 21.142 20.983 21.011 20.852

Residential and commercial............................ 22.917 22.678 22.635 22.768 22.749 22.683 23.785

Coke plants...................................................... 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800

Other industrial and

transportation ........................................... 22.324 22.444 22.448 22.242 22.111 22.046 21.887

Electric utilities ............................................... 20.854 20.935 20.761 20.792 20.644 20.681 20.509

Imports.................................................................... 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000

Exports.................................................................... 26.166 26.207 26.192 26.165 26.341 26.335 26.212

Coal Coke ................................................................. 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800 24.800

Note: Values for 1995 are preliminary.

Source: Calculated by Energy Information Administration. See Monthly Energy Review DOE/EIA-0035 Appendix A for detailed description.

234 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Appendix D

Explanatory Notes

Data Sources

All data in this report were collected by the Energy

Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department

of Energy (DOE), except: import and export data,

which were collected by the Bureau of the Census

(Census Bureau), U.S. Department of Commerce; supplemental export data which were collected by King's

Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee;

Federal and Indian land leasing data which were collected by the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau

of Land Management and Minerals Management

Service); and miner injury and fatality data which

were collected by the U.S. Department of Labor

(Mine Safety and Health Administration).

Coal Surveys

As early as the 1880's, the U.S. Geological Survey

began collecting coal data under a voluntary reporting

system. The responsibility for gathering this information was transferred to the Bureau of Mines in the

1920's, initially under the U.S. Department of Commerce and later under the U.S. Department of the

Interior, which published the data in its Minerals

Yearbook. Except for a brief period from 1937 to

1943, when bituminous coal data were collected under

the mandatory authority of the Bituminous Coal Act,

the Bureau of Mines continued to conduct voluntary

coal surveys until the Department of Energy was

created.

Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began

collecting annual coal production data on October 1,

1977. The 1995 coal production and identification

data in this report were collected on Form EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report," from companies that

produced, processed, or prepared coal in 1995. All

other data collected on Form EIA-7A are reported for

only those companies that owned a mining operation

that produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 short

tons or more of coal in 1995 and preparation plants

with 5,000 or more employee hours.

So that the EIA may fulfill its data collection functions as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), response to

this survey is mandatory. EIA compares respondents

to this survey with lists of mining operations maintained by various State coal mining/licensing agencies

and the Mine Safety and Health Administration

(MSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, to identify new

respondents. No sampling procedures are used. In

1995, there were 2,278 mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons of coal. Of these mining operations, 77.6 percent

(1,767) responded to the EIA-7A survey. In 1995,

there were 1,716 mines that produced 10,000 or more

short tons of coal. Of these mines, 70.2 percent

(1,205) responded to the EIA-7A survey; they

accounted for 987 million short tons, or 95.6 percent

of the 1995 production total. All of the data were collected by mail and were edited to ensure that they

were complete and accurate.

As in all surveys, data from Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," are subject to various sources of

error: (1) coverage (the list of respondents may not be

complete or, on the other hand, there may be double

counting), (2) nonresponse (all units that are surveyed

may not respond or may not provide all the information requested), (3) respondents (respondents may

commit errors in reporting the data), (4) processing

(the data collection agency may lose or incorrectly

transcribe the submissions), (5) concept (the data collection elements may not measure the items they were

intended to measure), and (6) adjustment (errors may

be made in estimating values for missing data).

Because the annual coal production survey (Form

EIA-7A) is not a sample survey, the estimates shown

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 235 
Table D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations

(Thousand Short Tons)

Received Generated Data Sources Total

Derived From

Coal-Producing Form EIA-7A Mine Safety and

State Health Administration Data Number of Production

Operations

 Number of Number of Production Production Operations Operations

Alabama ............................. 62 24,297 22 344 84 24,640

Alaska ................................. 1 1,698 − − 1 1,698

Arizona ............................... 3 11,947 − − 3 11,947

Arkansas ............................. 3 29 − − 3 29

Colorado ............................. 18 25,306 2 405 20 25,710

Illinois ................................. 36 48,120 4 60 40 48,180

Indiana ................................ 48 25,982 3 25 51 26,007

Kansas ................................ 1 285 − − 1 285

Kentucky Total................... 544 134,743 289 18,996 833 153,739

Eastern ............................. 479 100,028 272 18,514 751 118,541

Western ............................ 65 34,715 17 483 82 35,198

Louisiana ............................ 2 3,719 − − 2 3,719

Maryland ............................ 16 3,570 5 97 21 3,667

Missouri .............................. 5 539 1 9 6 548

Montana .............................. 8 39,451 − − 8 39,451

New Mexico....................... 9 26,813 − − 9 26,813

North Dakota...................... 7 30,112 − − 7 30,112

Ohio .................................... 116 25,687 24 431 140 26,118

Oklahoma ........................... 11 1,846 2 30 13 1,876

Pennsylvania Total............. 453 59,872 168 1,703 621 61,576

Anthracite ........................ 136 4,289 77 393 213 468

Bituminous ...................... 317 55,583 91 1,310 408 5,689

Tennessee ........................... 32 3,157 11 64 43 3,221

Texas .................................. 14 52,684 − − 14 52,684

Utah .................................... 14 24,843 2 324 16 25,167

Virginia ............................... 174 28,364 97 5,735 271 34,099

Washington ......................... 3 4,868 − − 3 4,868

West Virginia Total ........... 431 146,192 180 16,805 611 162,997

Northern ........................... 113 44,315 30 1,800 143 46,114

Southern ........................... 318 101,877 150 15,005 468 116,883

Wyoming ............................ 28 263,805 1 18 29 263,822

U.S. Total .......................... 2,039 987,928 811 45,046 2,850 1,032,974

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge production except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Number of mining operations includes preparation plants. All available State mining agency production data were reviewed, but none were included in this report because production data reported on Form EIA-7A to the Energy Information Administration and on Form 7000-1 to the Mine Safety and Health Administration were

found to be complete. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

in this report are not subject to sampling error. 1 It is

not possible to present estimates of nonsampling

error, but precautionary steps were taken at each stage

of the survey design to minimize the possible occurrence of these errors. These steps are described below.

The forms are logged within 24 hours of receipt and

assigned to a team of data editors consisting of Coal

Data Systems Branch personnel. The editors screen

the forms for legibility, completeness, and consistency. Names and address changes are updated in the

files. The reported data are compared with data from

previous years and with secondary sources such as

Mine Safety and Health Administration and State

mining agency reports. Inconsistencies are identified

and the respondents contacted for clarification. Computer edits are generated to identify keypunch errors,

errors made by coders, out-of-range codes, and

unlikely data combinations. Errors are corrected to

conform to the data on the submissions or revised

after telephone conversations with company representatives. All changes to reported data are documented.

EIA maintains data from the Form EIA-7A on an

automated database at its computing facility in

Washington, D.C. The survey forms are filed by EIA

identification number organized by State and county.

The survey forms were sent via regular mail in

January with a due date of March 1, 1996. Nonresponse letters were mailed March 8 to those mining

operations that had not submitted their forms. Subsequent to the letter, attempts were made to contact, by

telephone, those nonrespondents whose reported 1994

production was 100,000 short tons or more.

1 Sampling error is a measure of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than a complete enumeration of units is

surveyed. 

236 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Some forms could not be delivered. Where possible,

address corrections were obtained. Some mining operations that had reported in earlier surveys or operated

only in 1995 were no longer in business. Unobtainable

data were derived from a secondary source: the Form

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," collected by the Mine Safety and

Health Administration. Missing production quantity

data were derived from the secondary source for 585

mines, which produced 45 million short tons, or 4.4

percent of total production. The received and generated data sources for total U.S. coal production are

shown in Table D1. Of the mines whose production

exceeded 10,000 or more short tons, missing production quantity data were derived from the secondary

source for 511 mines, representing 4.3 percent (44.4

million short tons).

Since 1992, California has not reported coal production as the courts determined that the product

mined in that State did not meet the standard classification for coal.

Missing coalbed classification, coalbed thickness,

and coal rank/group data were estimated using State

mining agency production reports, geological data,

and previous years' reports for these mines.

When a mine had a missing production value, its production was multiplied by the county-level average

mine price to estimate the value. County-level average

mine prices were calculated by dividing the total

value for the appropriate disposition (open/captive)

and type of mining (underground or surface) by the

corresponding total production. All missing production was classified as open market unless information was available to classify it as captive. Of those

mines whose production was 10,000 or more short

tons, value data were estimated for 562 mines, representing 5.2 percent (53.8 million short tons) of the production total.

When an underground mine had unreported mining

method, it was assumed that the mining method was

conventional.

Employment data include direct labor hours, number

of production days worked, average length of a production shift, average number of miners per shift, and

average number of shifts per day. Of those mines

whose production exceeded 10,000 or more short tons,

one or more of these data elements were derived from

secondary sources or estimated for 532 mines representing 4.4 percent (45.2 million short tons) of their

production total. Of the mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons, one or more of these data elements were derived

from secondary sources or estimated for 868 mining

operations, or 38.1 percent of the total operations in

this category.

Missing direct labor hours were estimated using

county-level or State-level productivity-per-hour

averages. The averages were calculated by dividing

the total production at the county or State level by

total direct labor hours at the same level for the

appropriate type of mining (underground or surface).

The quantity of production for the mine with missing

data was divided by this productivity average to

derive direct labor hours.

Missing average number of production days worked 

and length of a production shift were derived by using

the corresponding county-level or State-level average

for the appropriate type of mining (underground or

surface).

Missing average number of miners per shift was estimated as the average number of miners working daily.

The average number of miners working daily was calculated by multiplying the average length of a production shift by the number of production days

worked, and then dividing this number into the total

direct labor hours.

Missing average number of shifts per day was estimated as one shift per day.

Missing recoverable coal reserves data were estimated by using the mine's 1994 recoverable reserves

minus the mine's 1995 production. If this calculation

could not be made, the mine's projected production

for 1996 was used. If recoverable coal reserves for

1994 and 1995 and projected production for 1996

were all missing, no estimate was made. In 1995,

recoverable reserves were reported by or estimated for

1,186 mines, representing 976.9 million short tons, or

69.1 percent of the mines whose production exceeded

10,000 or more short tons.

Missing recovery percentage data were estimated by

using 1995 recovery percentage averages at the State

level for the appropriate type of mining (underground

or surface).

Missing productive capacity data were estimated by

assuming productive capacity was equal to 1995 production. If productive capacity was reported as less

than annual production, productive capacity was

equated to 1995 production. There were 627 in-scope

mines with production of 177.8 million short tons for

which 1995 production was used as a proxy for productive capacity, resulting in 100 percent capacity

utilization.

These mines included the MSHA generated mines,

mines with productive capacity less than 1995 production, and mines that did not report productive

capacity and could not be contacted. If these mines

were excluded from the calculation of percent utilization, the U.S. total becomes 76.13 versus 79.40, when

those mines are included.

In 1995, there were 26 mines that produced 1.2

million short tons of refuse bituminous and

subbituminous coal. Those operations are not included

in this report. In 1995, there were 2.3 million short

tons of anthracite refuse produced and included in this

report. An additional 4 million short tons of anthracite

refuse was recovered and used by nonutility power

producers in Pennsylvania is not included in this

report.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 237 
In order to protect the confidentiality of individual

respondent's data, a policy was implemented to ensure

that the reporting of survey data on mine prices and

recoverable reserves in this publication would not

associate those data with a particular company. The

final phase in the data quality assurance and control

procedures is determining which data must be suppressed (withheld) during publication to provide the

necessary confidentiality for mines or companies that

represent a significant portion of a reported data cell.

All withholding analysis is done based upon production volumes. These procedures are performed as

follows:

1. Primary Withholding Based on the Number of

Respondents in a Cell -- All cells with three or

fewer active coal mining operations are suppressed.

2. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 1

All cells containing between 4 and 10 active coal

mining operations are examined. A cell is suppressed if any single respondent accounts for 75

percent or more of the volume for all respondents

included in that cell.

3. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 2

All cells in which two active coal mining operations represent 90 percent or more of the volume

for all respondents included in that cell are suppressed.

4. Complementary Suppression -- All tables are

reviewed to identify cells which should have data

withheld to prevent disclosure of already suppressed cells. An example of cells to be withheld

during complementary suppression is underground

price, if the surface price is withheld during

primary or residual suppression. Because the total

price is published, if the underground price is not

withheld, the surface price could be calculated

using the total price, the underground price, and

the underground, surface, and total volumes.

5. Most complementary suppression involves type of

mining considerations. Other complementary suppression is based on regional level data. A State

or region must be withheld during complementary

suppression because an already withheld State

could be calculated using other States and the

regional total. Cells are also selected for complementary suppression that represent the smallest

volumes or that were withheld in prior years.

6. Inter-table effects are also examined regarding

complementary suppression. For example, States

that are withheld in one State table can influence

the complementary suppression of an associated

State table. This analysis is very similar to that

done at the regional level, except that two tables

are involved rather than one. Finally, similar

tables are reviewed to ensure that all like suppressed cells are consistently withheld (suppressed) in all tables in which they appear.

The withholding/suppression of data is performed as

an adjunct to the quality assurance (QA) procedures.

The work is performed by survey editors, and the QA

staff and is reviewed by the survey manager before

being submitted to division-level QA review.

All sensitive cells identified in withholding analysis

are denoted with the symbol/letter "w." The use of the

symbol/letter applies to primary, complementary and

inter-table suppressions as well as all withheld data.

The symbol/letter "w" is footnoted as follows: "w

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company

data."

The interquartile range is a measure of dispersion of

State-level average mine prices. Two States may have

the same average mine price, but the spread about this

price may be totally different. For a fixed average

mine price, a larger interquartile range suggests a

broader distribution of coal prices than a smaller

interquartile range. The summary statistics (Table D2)

given in this publication are weighted by production.

The interquartile range (weighted by production) is

computed in the following manner:

• Each cell is sorted according to average mine

price, from the lowest to the highest.

• For each cell, the corresponding mine's production according to increasing average mine

price is divided by that particular cell's total production and multiplied by 100. These percentages

are then added as a cumulative percentage of production.

• The first quartile (Q1) is the associated mine price

for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 25 percent. Thus, at least 25

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q1.

• The third quartile (Q3), is the associated mine

price for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 75 percent. Thus, at least 75

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q3.

The interquartile range is Q3-Q1.

Quarterly Coal Consumption Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3)

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that

consume 1,000 tons or more of coal per year for all

uses other than coke production. These data were collected on a monthly basis until 1980, when the

reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule.

Data on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices,

and consumption are reported.

Through the end of 1988, all manufacturers that consumed coal were required to file Form EIA-3. Beginning with the first quarter of 1989, only those

manufacturers that consumed 1,000 or more tons in

the past year were required to report. In 1995, 730

manufacturers responded to the EIA-3 survey. The

response rate for the current year was 100 percent. In

order to identify undercoverage problems, the data

from this survey are compared with shipments to

manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution

Report," Form EIA-6. At present, the coal receipts

reported by manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover

approximately 97 percent of the coal shipments to

238 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
manufacturers on Form EIA-6. Consequently, the

coal consumption data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do

not represent the total consumption at manufacTable D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1995

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

 State and Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Region Mine Price Range Mine Price Range Mine Price Range

Alabama .......................................... 39.26 9.44 36.38 10.85 38.44 9.44

Alaska ............................................. − − wwww

Arizona ............................................ − − wwww

Arkansas .......................................... − − wwww

Colorado .......................................... 18.58 .78 20.63 3.79 19.26 7.28

Illinois ............................................. 22.88 4.42 24.04 17.10 23.05 4.42

Indiana ............................................. w w w w 21.71 4.35

Kansas ............................................. − − wwww

Kentucky Total ............................... 25.18 7.40 24.19 5.72 24.79 7.09

Eastern .......................................... 26.52 5.09 25.24 5.37 26.00 5.92

Western ........................................ 21.33 3.56 19.46 3.86 20.75 4.60

Louisiana ......................................... − − wwww

Maryland ......................................... w w w w 24.69 −

Missouri .......................................... − − 18.91 9.50 18.91 9.50

Montana .......................................... − − 9.62 10.03 9.62 10.03

New Mexico ................................... w w w w 23.80 3.36

North Dakota .................................. − − 7.99 .88 7.99 .88

Ohio................................................. 28.98 16.28 22.92 6.77 25.97 12.30

Oklahoma ........................................ w w w w 24.13 4.31

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 27.09 2.39 26.14 9.06 26.78 9.06

Anthracite ..................................... 36.91 8.13 39.97 38.33 39.78 37.91

Bituminous ................................... 27.02 2.40 22.45 8.15 25.77 5.41

Tennessee ........................................ w w w w 26.94 1.81

Texas ............................................... − − 12.16 2.47 12.16 2.47

Utah ................................................. 19.10 2.91 − − 19.10 2.91

Virginia ........................................... 29.20 3.92 26.34 4.51 28.47 7.01

Washington ..................................... − − wwww

West Virginia Total........................ 27.77 5.88 25.95 3.65 27.18 5.68

Northern ....................................... 25.17 7.01 22.97 5.63 24.91 7.00

Southern ....................................... 29.30 3.76 26.29 3.79 28.07 5.24

Wyoming ......................................... w w w w 6.58 2.06

Appalachian Total1 ...................... 28.24 5.71 25.97 7.57 27.45 6.74

Interior Total1............................... 22.57 4.68 16.19 8.18 18.81 9.70

Western Total1.............................. 18.85 5.36 9.13 3.19 10.15 10.43

U.S. Total....................................... 26.18 8.50 14.25 16.30 18.83 19.25

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

 Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less

than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Average Mine Price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) mine value of the coal produced by the total production.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

turing plants. See Technical Note 5 for data adjustment procedures for coal consumption for the other

industrial sector.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3

is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy

Offices. When new respondents are found, they are

added to the survey mailing list.

Annual Coal Quality Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A)

Form EIA-3A contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and

the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The

threshold for the annual collection will be the same as

for the EIA-3: manufacturing plants that consume in

excess of 1,000 short tons of coal per per year. In

1995, 730 manufacturers responded to the EIA-3A

survey. The response rate for the current year was 100

percent.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 239 
Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5)

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts,

carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all

U.S. coke plants.

Coke plants were surveyed monthly and a supplemental survey was taken annually until 1981, when

the reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule

with an annual supplemental survey. In 1985, collection of the annual supplement was ended.

In 1995, there were 28 respondents to the EIA-5

survey, and the response rate was 100 percent. The

respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous monitoring of the industry literature.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke

Plants (Form EIA-5A)

This form contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis

used to determine the coal quality data. There is no

threshold for this form. In 1995, there were 28

respondents to the EIA-5A survey, and the response

rate was 100 percent.

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6)

Form EIA-6 is used to survey all U.S. companies

(producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase

and distribute more than 50,000 short tons annually.2

Data on coal production and purchases, distribution

by consumer category, and method of transportation

are reported.

In 1995, there were about 1,100 respondents to the

EIA-6 survey. Until the end of 1988, coal distribution

companies were required to report production on a

Bureau of Mines district basis. For the year 1989,

respondents were required to report on a BOM

district/State basis. Beginning with the first quarter of

1990, respondents were required to report on a State

basis. The response rate for the current quarter was

100 percent. The annual production total reported on

Form EIA-6 exceeds 99 percent of total production as

reported by all mines on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," due to the difference in reporting

thresholds. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6 only

represent the domestic coal distributed during the

quarter. Therefore, imported coal distributed during

the quarter is not included.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issued of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S.

Department of Labor, and from similar lists maintained by various State agencies. Also, new respondents are frequently identified on Form EIA-6 itself

when other companies are named as sources of coal

purchases.

Electric Utility Surveys

Coal data appear in this report from three surveys of

electric utilities --from all generating electric utilities

and from fossil-fueled plants.

The Census Bureau collected and published the results

of a census taken every 5 years from 1902 to 1937 on

the electric light and power industries and some data

on industrial production of electric energy. The U.S.

Geological Survey collected data on capacity and generation of electric utilities from 1920 to 1936, when

this activity was turned over to the Federal Power

Commission (FPC).

All data are presented as reported on the surveys. No

estimates or other adjustments are made for missing

data. The data are maintained in a computer system

and are edited to ensure that they are reasonable, consistent, and complete. For additional information from

these surveys and for other electric utility data, see

the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Monthly Power Plant Report (Form

EIA-759)

Form EIA-759 (which, until 1982, was called FPC

Form 4) is used to survey all generating electric utilities. The Federal Power Act and FPC Order Number

141 define the legislative authority to collect power

production data. Consumption and stocks of coal and

other fuels at each plant are reported. The respondents

to Form EIA-759, approximately 3,000 plants,

account for 100 percent of total electric utility generation.

Current year data from this survey are considered

final.

2 For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the anthracite portion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 tons.

240 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of

Fuels for Electric Plants (FERC Form

423)

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form

423 is used to survey all fossil-fueled plants with a

total steam-generating capacity of 50 megawatts or

more. It is submitted by approximately 230 electric

utilities. (Before 1983, this form was called FPC Form

423, and all fossil-fueled plants with a total generating capacity of 25 megawatts or more were surveyed.) In 1972, the FPC issued Order Number 453,

which included the legislative authority to create

FERC Form 423. Cost, quality, and source of fuels

(by State or country of origin), including coal, are

reported. Current year data from this survey are considered final.

Steam-Electric Plant Operation and

Design Report (Form EIA-767)

The Form EIA-767 is a mandatory restricted-universe

census of all electric power plants with a total

existing or planned organic- or nuclear-fueled steamelectric generator nameplate rating of 10 or more

megawatts. The entire form is filed by approximately

700 power plants with a nameplate capacity of 100 or

more megawatts. An additional 200 power plants with

a nameplate capacity between 10 and 100 megawatts

submit information only on fuel consumption/quality,

boiler/generator configuration, and flue-gas

desulfurization equipment, if applicable. The Form

EIA-767 is used to collect data annually on plant

operations and equipment design (including boiler,

generator, cooling system, flue gas desulfurization,

flue gas particulate collectors, and stack data). Data

from Form EIA-767 are used for economic, regulatory, and environmental analyses conducted by the

DOE, the FERC, the Environmental Protection

Agency, and the Department of Commerce.

Form EIA-767 data for 1995 are preliminary. Data for

prior years are final.

Annual Nonutility Power Producer

Report (Form EIA-867)

The Form EIA-867 is a restricted-universe census

used to collect annual data from all existing and

planned nonutility power producers in the United

States. In 1992, the reporting threshold of the Form

EIA-867 was lowered to include all facilities with a

combined nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts.

Previously data were collected every 3 years from

facilities with a nameplate capacity between 1 and 5

megawatts. For the purpose of this data collection, a

nonutility power producer is an enterprise that has

electric generating capacity and is not an electric

utility. They include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small power producers, and other nonutility

generators (including independent power producers)

without a designated franchised service area. The

form is used to collect data on the installed capacity,

energy consumption, generation, and electric energy

sales to electric utilities from approximately 2,000

facilities.

Form EIA-867, coal consumption data for 1989

through 1995 are: 876, 1600, 6000, 10000, 12344,

15140 and 20800 thousand short tons.

Export and Import Data

Export and import data (except imports to electric

utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants, which

are reported on the FERC Form 423, EIA-3A, and

EIA-5A, respectively.) are obtained from the Census

Bureau--export data from the monthly EM 545 (formerly EM 522) report, import data from the monthly

IM 145 report. The Census Bureau compiles these

data monthly from documents filed with the U.S.

Customs Service as required by law. They include

shippers' export declaration forms, import entry

forms, and warehouse withdrawal forms. No sampling

procedures are used. The Census Bureau publication

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics describes the

foreign trade statistics program, including the EM 545

and IM 145 monthly reports. Data from these surveys

are considered final at the time of publication.

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal, major exporting

State, and destination, along with foreign distribution

of metallurgical and steam coal (Tables 62, 63, and

64, respectively), was determined using EIA-6 distribution data by origin State, and coal export data from

King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation,

Knoxville, Tennessee) which gives the metallurgical

and steam breakdown as well as the country destination data. The percentage of metallurgical and steam

coal for each country of destination are applied to the

EIA-6 export figures for each State of origin to derive

coal distribution data that link State of origin to countries of destination by type of coal. The King's destination country data are considered to be more

accurate than the Census country-of-destination data

because it account for transhipments through intermediate countries to final destination countries, whereas

the Census data would designate the destination as the

intermediate country.

Copies of the survey forms and instructions used to

collect data appearing in this publication can be

obtained by calling EIA's National Energy Information Center at (202) 586-8800.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 241 
Technical Notes

1. Differences in Related Coal

Data

Coal Production versus Coal Distribution. Coal production represents newly mined coal. Coal distribution represents shipments of newly mined coal and

coal from producer/distributor stockpiles (previously

mined coal).

Coal Distribution versus Coal Receipts. Differences

in coal distribution data and coal receipts data are due

to the time lag between distribution and receipt of

coal shipments, and due to the survey threshold differences. In addition, coal distributed includes only

domestic coal, whereas receipts include imported

coal.

Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal versus U.S. Coal

Exports. Foreign distribution of U.S. coal does not

equal U.S. coal exports because there are differences

in reporting time and survey thresholds.

Receipts of Imported Coal versus U.S. Coal Imports.

Receipts of imported coal at electric utilities and manufacturing and coke plants does not equal U.S. coal

imports due to reporting time differences. In addition,

it does not include receipts at independent power producers.

2. Other Industrial Plants and

Manufacturing

The other industrial plants end-use sector includes

the manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing,

mining, and construction industries. Manufacturing

accounts for approximately 97 percent of the coal

receipts and consumption and 100 percent of the coal

stocks in the other industrial plants sector as reported

herein. Data sources for the other industrial plants

sector and the manufacturing sector are Forms EIA-6

and EIA-3, respectively. The source statement in each

table identifies the survey used to collect coal data for

the other industrial plants sector, and the following

technical notes describe the methodology used when

data were derived.

3. Residential and

Commercial

To reduce the reporting burden to coal users, the EIA

does not conduct any survey of coal data from residential and commercial users of coal. Shipments of

coal to this sector, reported by producers and distributors of coal on Form EIA-6, are equated to coal

receipts and consumption by the residential and commercial sector, assuming no stock changes.

4. Consumer Prices

Prices are derived for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Prices are reported for each plant in

cents-per-million Btu on FERC Form 423. The price

per ton of coal is calculated at each plant using centsper-million Btu and the average Btu content per pound

of coal for the appropriate rank of coal. The average

prices appearing in the tables (e.g., across all States)

are calculated by summing the dollar value at each

plant (short tons of coal multiplied by price per short

ton) and dividing by the corresponding total tons. For

more information about prices of coal at electric utilities, see the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Coke Plants. Respondents are asked to report the

number of tons of coal received (or coke distributed)

on Form EIA-5 and the total value of that coal (or

coke) in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values (e.g., across all States)

and dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Other Industrial Plants. Respondents (manufacturing

plants only) are asked to report the number of tons of

coal received on Form EIA-3 and the total value of

that coal in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values across all States and

dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not collected.

See Technical Note 3.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 243 
5. Consumption

Annual Data

Annual coal consumption data are sums of quarterly

or monthly data described below except for nonutility

power producers whose coal consumption is not

included in this report. These data are however,

reported on Form EIA-867 and published in the Electric Power Annual (DOE/EIA-0348).

Electric Utilities. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-759.

Nonutility Electric Generating Facilities. Consumption is reported on Form EIA-867.

Coke Plants. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. In deriving a quarterly estimate for coal consumption for the other industrial

plants sector, the first step is to equate consumption

to beginning stocks plus receipts minus ending stocks.

In terms of an equation, consumption can be

expressed as C = Sb + R - Se, where Sb = beginning

stocks, R = receipts, and Se = ending stocks.

Therefore, consumption is C = (Sb - Se (change in

stocks)) + R. Next, stock change at the State level is

equated to the stock change for that State as reported

on Form EIA-3, receipts at the State level are derived

as described in Section 3, and a computed consumption is derived using the same equation for each State.

Finally, the quarterly consumption (C) at the State

level is equated to the maximum of the computed consumption at the State level, as previously described,

and the quarterly consumption for that State as

reported on Form EIA-3. This process ensures that

State-level consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is always greater than or equal to the

manufacturing sector consumption for that State.

Total quarterly consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is computed by summing the quarterly

State-level consumption figures.

Residential and Commercial. Shipments to the residential and commercial sector as reported on Form

EIA-6 are defined as consumption as well as receipts

for this end-use sector.

EIA publishes monthly estimates of coal consumption

in the Monthly Energy Review (DOE/EIA-0035).

Monthly coal consumption at electric utility plants is

derived directly from Form EIA-759. Prior to 1980,

monthly coal consumption at coke plants was derived

directly from Form EIA-5. For 1981 through 1987, it

was derived from the quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using the ratios of monthly

to quarterly consumption in 1979, the last year that

coke plant data were collected monthly on Form

EIA-5. These ratios by month (January - December)

are 0.3377, 0.3200, 0.3423; 0.3529, 0.3462, 0.3009;

0.3364, 0.3347, 0.3289; and 0.3273, 0.3301, 0.3426.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption at coke

plants is derived from quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using ratios derived from

monthly data on raw steel production published by the

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) on Form

AIS7. The ratio is the proportion of monthly raw steel

production from open hearth and basic oxygen process

furnaces to the quarterly raw steel production from

those furnace types.

Prior to 1978, coal consumption for the other industrial plants sector (i.e., industrial users minus coke

plants) was derived by using monthly data reported on

Form EIA-3 to modify baseline coal consumption

figures from the most recent Census of Manufactures

or Annual Survey of Manufactures, Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. For 1978

through 1987, data from Forms EIA-3 and EIA-6 are

used to compute monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector.

Given the quarterly consumption for the other industrial plants sector (C), the monthly consumption for

the sector (Cm) is estimated for each month in the

quarter as Cm = (Cm3/C3) x C where Cm3/C3 is the

ratio of monthly to quarterly coal consumption as

reported on Form EIA-3. For the 1978 coal consumption figures, the ratios used are based on 1978 EIA-3

data. For 1979 through 1987, the ratios used are based

on the 1979 EIA-3 data. These 1979 ratios by month

(January - December) are 0.3593, 0.3264, 0.3143;

0.3485, 0.3332, 0.3183; 0.3317, 0.3407, 0.3276; and

0.3045, 0.3253, 0.3702.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector is derived from quarterly

coal consumption reported on Form EIA-3 using

monthly ratios derived from the industrial production

indices published by the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. Six major industry groups'

indices are used as the basis for calculating the

monthly ratios. These groups are foods (Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) 20), paper and products

(SIC 26), chemicals and products (SIC 28), petroleum

products (SIC 29), clay, glass, stone products (SIC

32), and primary metals (SIC 33).

The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum

of weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly

sum of weighted indices, using the 1985 proportion as

the weight.

Prior to 1980, monthly coal consumption for the residential and commercial sector was derived by using

monthly data reported on Form EIA-2, "Monthly Coal

Report -- Retail Dealers and Upper Lake Docks," to

modify baseline coal consumption figures developed

by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior.

For 1980, the quarterly coal consumption figures in

the residential and commercial sector are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using the ratios

of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this sector

in 1979 as reported on Form EIA-2. These 1979 ratios

by month (January-December) are 0.4002, 0.3502,

244 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
0.2496; 0.4805, 0.2901, 0.2294; 0.3126, 0.2952,

0.3922; and 0.2931, 0.3101, 0.3968. The 1981 and

1982 monthly coal consumption figures were derived

using the 1979 ratios but were also modified

according to heating/cooling degree-days. For 1983

through 1987, coal consumption figures are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using only the

ratios of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this

sector in 1979.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption figures

are derived using the monthly national average population weighted heating/cooling degree-days obtained

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ratio is the proportion of the monthly

national sum of heating and cooling degree-days to

the quarterly sum.

6. Stocks

Annual stocks are calculated at the end of the year or

the end of the fourth quarter. Coal stocks are derived

for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-759.

Coke Plants. Stocks are reported on Form EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-3, i.e., stocks at manufacturing plants only.

Technical Note 2 discusses the difference between

other industrial plants and manufacturing plants.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not available.

See Technical Note 3.

Producer and Distributor. Stocks are reported on

Form EIA-6.

7. Methods of Transportation

Rail: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail,

either private or public/commercial. Included is coal

hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck.

Water Transportation: Shipments of coal moved by

one of the three methods--river, Great Lakes, or

tidewater piers and coastal ports. Included in these

shipments is coal hauled to or from water loading

facilities by other means of transportation.

River: Shipments of coal moved to consumers via

river by barge, except shipments to Great Lakes

coal loading docks or tidewater piers or coastal

ports.

Great Lakes: Shipments of coal moved to consumers

via the Great Lakes. These shipments are moved via

the Great Lakes coal loading docks, which are identified by name and locations as follows: Superior

Midwest Energy Terminal, Superior, Wisconsin;

Bessemer & Lake Erie Coal Storage & Transfer

Facility, Conneaut, Ohio; B&O Railroad

Coal Loading Dock, Lorain, Ohio; C&O Railroad

Presque Isle Docks, Toledo, Ohio; Lakefront Dock &

Railroad Terminal Company Coal Loading Dock,

Toledo, Ohio; N&W Sandusky Coal Pier No. 3,

Sandusky, Ohio; ConRail Coal Transfer Facilities,

Ashtabula, Ohio; Rail to Water Transfer Corporation

Dock, Chicago, Illinois.

Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports: Shipments of coal

moved to tidewater piers and coastal ports for further

shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean.

The tidewater piers are identified by name and

location as follows: B&O Curtis Bay Coal Piers,

Baltimore, Maryland; C&O Coal Piers Nos. 14 & 15,

Newport News, Virginia; N&W Lamberts Point Coal

Piers Nos. 5 & 6, Norfolk, Virginia; Alabama State

Docks Bulk Handling Plant, Mobile, Alabama;

Alabama State Docks/McDuffie Terminals, Mobile,

Alabama; Canton Coal Piers, Baltimore Harbor on the

Chesapeake Bay; Greenwich Coal Pier, Greenwich

Point, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Delaware River;

Port Richmond Pier, Pier 18 Port Richmond,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River;

Galveston Regional Coal Distribution Center, Pelican

Island, Galveston, Texas; International Marine

Terminals/Plaquemines Parish Terminal, Mile 57

AHP-Mississippi River, approximately 30 miles south

of New Orleans; Energy Terminals of Houston, Inc., a

Subsidiary of Soros Associates, Houston, Texas.

Coastal Ports are those located at Charleston, South

Carolina; New York, New York; San Diego,

California; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle,

Washington.

Truck: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by

truck.

Tramway, Conveyor, or Slurry Pipeline: Shipments

of coal moved to consumers by tramway, conveyor, or

slurry pipeline.

8. Census Export and Import

Data

Export and import data are obtained from the Bureau

of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, where

they are compiled monthly from documents filed with

the U.S. Customs Service, as required by law.

Each coal shipment is reported in short tons with corresponding total dollar values. EIA converts all value

data obtained from the Census Bureau to average

price data by dividing the dollar value by the quantity.

Based on an analysis and sample validation of the

Census Bureau import and export data conducted by

the EIA, it was determined that some of the coal and

coke data collected from the Census Bureau may be

misleading or incorrect (particularly those data associEnergy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 245 
ated with very small quantities or very high prices).

Because of this, a methodology was developed to edit

the Census Bureau price data.

Prior to 1989, certain data cells had been suppressed

for publication purposes only: (1) average import coal

prices of $50.00 or more per short ton; (2) average

export coal prices of $60.00 or more per short ton; (3)

average coke prices of $200.00 or more per short ton;

(4) all percent changes of 500 percent or more.

Beginning with 1989, coal export data were categorized as metallurgical coal and steam coal, rather than

as bituminous steam coal, lignite, anthracite, and

bituminous metallurgical coal.

In addition, coal export tables were revised to present

those countries to which the United States exported

more than 50,000 short tons in the prior calendar year.

The remaining countries in each continent were aggregated in an "other" category. This reduces the number

of empty cells and highlights the major importers of

U.S. coal. All coke export and import, and coal import

countries and quantities are displayed.

The following methodology was used to derive the

typical average prices as presented in the price tables.

For all coal, a price distribution was derived from the

prior calendar year export price data. Since extreme

price variations in the Census Bureau data are the

exception rather than the rule, the price distribution

was used to identify a typical price range. The price

distribution, from low to high, along with the frequency of each price (quantity) was analyzed to determine the representative prices. The extreme prices at

both ends of the distribution were eliminated to arrive

at a price range that covered at least 90 percent of the

exports. This price range was considered to include

typical or representative prices. Considering the

records that fell within the typical price range, the

weighted average price was calculated by country of

destination and type of coal.

The same procedure was used to determine the typical

average prices of coal imports. In addition to the

average prices based on the above methodology, a

U.S. total row is presented in the price tables, which

represents the average price using all the Census

Bureau data.

For reporting purposes, the month of exportation

reflects the month in which the shipment leaves the

United States. The month of importation generally is

based on the month in which the U.S. Customs

Service releases the merchandise to the importer. For

both sets of data, however, there can exist a small

carry-over from the actual month of exportation or

importation to a subsequent month, usually the succeeding month. A number of factors in processing

account for this, e.g., late receipt of a document for an

end-of-month shipment, or rejection of a shipment by

the computer due to failure to meet established edit

criteria. These limitations should be considered when

making comparisons.

Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as

of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce

began reporting statistics on U.S. exports to Canada

based on information on imports provided monthly by

the Canadian government.

Comparing Census reported imported coal figures in

Table 34 with EIA reported imported coal receipts at

electric utilities, manufacturers, and coke plants for

1994 shows a difference of about 1.8 million short

tons. The main reason for this is that the EIA receipts

data do not cover imported coal received by nonutility

power producers who are not in the manufacturing

sector.

9. Revisions

All data published in this report are considered final.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels has adopted the following policy with respect to

the revision and correction of recurrent data in energy

publications:

1. Annual survey data collected by this office are published either as preliminary or final when first

appearing in a data report. Data initially released as

preliminary will be so noted in the report. These data

will be revised, if necessary, and declared final in the

next publication of the data.

2. All monthly and quarterly survey data collected by

this office are published as preliminary. These data

are revised only after the completion of the 12-month

cycle of the data. No revisions are made to the published data before this.

3. After data are published as final, corrections will

be made only in the event of a greater than one

percent difference at the national level. Corrections

for differences that are less than the 1-percent

threshold are left to the discretion of the Office

Director.

10. Price Data and Taxes

F.O.B. mine coal prices and prices of coal delivered

to or received by end-use consumers (electric utility

plants, manufacturing plants, and coke plants) as

reported in this publication include relevant local,

State and Federal excise and sales taxes.

246 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Table D3. Implicit Price Deflator,

1986-1995

Implicit Price Deflator Year (1992 = 100)

 R 1986 80.6 R 1987 83.1 R 1988 86.1 R 1989 89.7 R 1990 93.6 R 1991 97.3 R 1992 100.0 R 1993 102.6 R 1994 105.0 R 1995 107.5

R Revised data.

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 247 
Glossary

Agglomerating Character: Agglomeration describes

the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character

is determined by examination and testing of the

residue when a small powdered sample is heated to

950 degrees centigrade under specified conditions. If

the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be

coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be

capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without

pulverizing.

Anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often

referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage

of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile

matter. Comprises three groups classified according to

the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry

mineral-matter-free (mmf) basis:

Fixed

Carbon Volatile

Limits Matter

GE LT GT LE

Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2

Anthracite 92 98 2 8

Semianthracite 86 92 8 14

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Anthracite coal is non-agglomerating.

If agglomerating, semianthracite is

classified in the low-volatile group

of the bituminous class.

Ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina,

and other incombustible matter that are contained in

coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the

cost of handling, and can affect the burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight

of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free,

usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour

surface mining, particularly when the overburden is

too costly to excavate.

Average Annual Percent Change:

n

√ Vn 

V0

− 1 (1)

Where: V0 = the value for the base period.

Vn = the value for the nth period.

n = the number of periods.

Average Daily Production: The ratio of the total

production at a mining operation to the total number

of production days worked at the operation.

Average Length of a Shift: The arithmetic mean

number of hours worked during a production shift.

Overtime is included if usually worked during the

year.

Average Mine Price: The ratio of the total value of

the coal produced at the mine to the total production

tonnage. (See F.O.B. mine price.)

Average Number of Employees per Shift: The

arithmetic mean number of employees working during

a production shift. Includes all employees except

office workers. (See direct labor hours.)

Average Number of Miners Working Daily: The

arithmetic mean number of miners working each day

at a mining operation. Includes maintenance as well

as production work performed.

Average Number of Shifts per Day: The arithmetic

mean number of shifts each day at a mining operation.

Includes maintenance as well as production shifts.

Average Production per Miner per Day: The

product of the average production per miner per hour

at a mining operation and the average length of a production shift at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio

of the total production at a mining operation to the

total direct labor hours worked at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Shift: Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per

hour by the average length of a miner shift.

Average Quality of Coal: Refers to individual measurements such as heat value, fixed cabon, moisture,

ash, sulfur, phosphorus, major, minor, and trace elements, coking properties, petrologic properties, and

particular organic constituents. The individual quality

elements may be aggregated in various ways to classify coal for such special purposes as metallurgical,

gas, petrochemical, and blending usages.

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can

be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines,

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic

area.

Bituminous Coal: The most common coal. It is

dense and black (often with well-defined bands of

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 249 
bright and dull material). Its moisture content is

usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating

electricity, making coke, and for space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM

Specification D-388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free

mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a

moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69

percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineralmatter-free basis shall be classified according to fixed

carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. Highvolatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other

bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating.

However, it is recognized that there may be

nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the

bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in

the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less

than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more

Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A

bituminous.

Fixed Volatile Calorific

Carbon Matter Value

Limits Limits Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT GT LT GE LE

lv 78 86 14 22 - -

mv 69 78 22 31 - -

hvA - 69 31 - 14000 -

hvB - - - - 13000 14000

hvC - - - - 10500 13000

lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal

mv = Medium-volatile bituminous coal

hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal

hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal

hvC = High-volatile C bituminous coal

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Btu (British thermal unit): The amount of heat

needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water

by 1 degree fahrenheit. The Btu is a convenient

measure by which to compare the energy content of

various fuels.

Cannel Coal: A variety of bituminous coal that is

noncaking, contains a high percentage of volatile

matter, ignites easily, and burns with a luminous

smokey flame.

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed by dividing production by productive capacity

and multiplying by 100.

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the

mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for

example, steel companies and electric utilities).

Carbon Dioxide: CO2 A colorless, odorless,

incombustible gas formed during combustion in

fossil-fuel electric generation plants.

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of

the United States established by the Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical

analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide

with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific

Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous

and Pacific Noncontiguous areas.

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed

into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a

coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of

air.

Coal (Coke): See Coke (coal).

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production

by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine

employees.

Coal Preparation: The process of sizing and

cleaning coal to meet market specifications by

removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. May

include crushing, screening, or mechanical cleaning.

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification of coal-producing States. The States in the

Appalachian Region are Alabama, Georgia, eastern

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Virginia, and West Virginia. The States in the Interior

Region are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

western Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma,

and Texas. The States in the Western Region are

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and

Wyoming.

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined

and/or purchased coal originates are defined as

follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,

California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana,

Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite,

Pennsylvania bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,

Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Northern, West

Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. The following

Coal-Producing States are split in origin of coal, as

defined below:

• Kentucky, Eastern All mines located in counties

other than the Western Kentucky counties.

• Kentucky, Western All mines in the following

counties in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell,

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson,

Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan,

McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd,

Union, Warren, and Webster.

• Pennsylvania Anthracite All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin,

Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland,

Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All

anthracite mines in Bradford County.

• Pennslyvania Bituminous All mines located in

counties other than the Pennsylvania anthracite

counties and all bituminous mines in Bradford

County.

• West Virginia, Northern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal250 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
Producing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke,

Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant,

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion,

Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants,

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor,

Tucker, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and

Wood.

• West Virginia, Southern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as CoalProducing Districts 7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay,

Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan,

Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe,

Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers,

Wayne, and Wyoming.

Coal Rank/Group: A classification of coal based on

fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value,

and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite

(most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of

several organic components of coal. The lower rank

coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat

content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14

thousand Btu per pound for each coal rank group

(except for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly

lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow range. Since heat content is not a

dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their

rank categories are instead described by degree of

metamorphism, or "coalification," a property that is

measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the

agglomerating character of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus

agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some

high-volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals

can be distinguished only on the basis of

agglomerating character. Percentages are based on dry

mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown)

is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to

100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases,

therefore, volatile matter percentage increases by the

same amount.

Coal Stocks: The supply of coal at a mine, plant, or

utility at the end of the reporting period.

Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a

coal seam.

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status

as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must

produce electric energy and "another form of useful

thermal energy through the sequencial use of energy,"

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.)

Coke (coal): In general, coke is made from

bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from

which the volatile constituents are driven off by

baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000

degrees Fahrenheit, so that the fixed carbon and ash

are fused together. Coke is hard and porous, has a

gray, submetallic luster, and is strong enough to

support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used

both as a fuel and a reducing agent in smelting iron

ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heating value of

24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot

or beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke.

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar

mining in which a continuous mining machine

extracts and removes coal from the working face in

one operation; no blasting is required.

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations

that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily

when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and

then loading the broken coal.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in

which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit

price that includes the F.O.B. value of the product at

the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and

transportation. This type of transaction differs from a

"delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the

quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified

by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than

pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms

of an F.O.B. sale, except that the seller, as a service

for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in

liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains

liquid at amospheric pressure after passing through

surface-separating facilities. Included are lease

condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar

sands, gilsonite and oil shale. Drip gases are also

included, but topped crude (residual oil) and other

unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at

natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil

are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is

considered as either domestic or foreign, according to

the following: or from its "outer continental shelf" as

defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331. States. Imported

Athabasca hydrocarbons are included.

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal;

sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17

million Btu per short ton.

Customs District: Customs districts, as defined by

the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, "Monthly Report EM 545," are as follows

• Eastern: Bridgeport, CT, Washington, DC,

Boston, MA, Baltimore, MD, Portland, ME,

Buffalo, NY, New York City, NY, Ogdensburg,

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 251 
NY, Philadelphia, PA, Providence, RI, Norfolk,

VA, St. Albans, VT.

• Southern: Mobile, AL, Savannah, GA, Miami,

FL, Tampa, FL, New Orleans, LA, Wilmington,

NC, San Juan, PR, Charleston, SC, Dallas-Fort

Worth, TX, El Paso, TX, Houston-Galveston, TX,

Laredo, TX, Virgin Islands.

• Western: Anchorage, AK, Nogales, AZ, Los

Angeles, CA, San Diego, CA, San Fracisco, CA,

Honolulu, HI, Great Falls, MT, Portland, OR,

Seattle, WA.

• Northern: Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, Duluth, MN,

Minneapolis, MN, St. Louis, MO, Pembina, ND,

Cleveland, OH, Milwaukee, WI.

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for

the sum of coal in both measured and indicated

resource categories of reliability which represents 100

percent of the coal in these categories in place as of a

certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and

anthracite 28 inches or more thick and beds of

subbituminous coal 60 inches or more thick that occur

at depths to 1 thousand feet. Includes beds of lignite

60 inches or more thick that can be surface mined.

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently

are being mined or for which there is evidence that

they could be mined commercially at this time.

Represents that portion of the identified coal resource

from which reserves are calculated.

Depletion: The subtraction of both the tonnage

produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified resources to determine the remaining tonnage as

of a certain time.

Depletion Factor: The multiplier applied to the

tonnage produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes into account both the tonnage recovered

and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion

factor is the reciprocal of the recovery factor in

relation to a given quantity of production.

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by

all mining employees at a mining operation during the

year. Includes hours worked by those employees

engaged in production, preparation, development,

maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management,

and technical or engineering work. Excludes office

workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one

of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional

distillation operations. Included are products known

as No.1, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils and No.1, No.2, and

No.4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space

heating, on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel

(including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), and electric power generation.

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from

rivers or streams.

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal entry dug to a coalbed in a hillside.

Dry (Coal) Basis: Coal quality data calculated to a

theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated

with the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the weight loss of a sample when its inherent

moisture is driven off under controlled conditions of

low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just

above the boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees

centigrade).

Electricity: A form of energy generated by friction,

induction, or chemical change that is caused by the

presence and motion of elementary charged particles

of which matter consists.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing

electric energy or transforming other forms of energy

into electric energy. Also the amount of electric

energy produced or expressed in watthours (Wh).

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of

electric energy produced by the generating station or

stations, measured at the generator terminals.

Electricity Generation, Net: Gross generation less

electricity consumed at the generating plant for

station use. Electricity required for pumping at

pumped-storage plants is regarded as plant use and is

deducted from gross generation.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime

movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment

for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission

energy into electric energy.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency,

authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that

owns and/or operates facilities within the United

States, its territories, or Puerto Rico for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric

energy primarily for use by the public and files forms

listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18,

Part 141. Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or

small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and exempt wholesale

generators under Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not

considered electric utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer.

Electric Utility Sector: The electric utility sector

consists of privately and publicly owned establishments that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity primarily for use by the public and that meet

the definition of an electric utility. Nonutility power

producers are not included in the electric utility

sector.

Emissions: The pollutants dischaged into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. For coal-burning plants, these

emissions are primarily Carbon Dioxide (CO2),

Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide ( SO2).

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic

energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are

easily convertible and can be changed to another form

useful for work. Most of the world's convertible

252 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to

produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to

mechanical or other means in order to accomplish

tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in

kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured

in British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source

of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing

process.

Exports: Shipments of goods from the 50 States and

the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto

Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions

and territories.

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the

boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on

the scale and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above

zero at standard atmospheric pressure.

F.A.S. Value: Free alongside ship value. The value

of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally

including the purchase price plus all charges incurred

in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the

port of exportation in the country of exportation.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC):

A quasi-independent regulatory agency within the

Department of Energy having jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline

rates, and gas pipeline certification.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Government in exchange for

royalties and other revenues.

Federal Power Act: Enacted in 1920, and amended

in 1935, the Act consists of three parts. The first part

incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission,

whose activities were confined almost entirely to

licensing non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II

and III were added with the passage of the Public

Utility Act. These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include regulating the interstate transmission

of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale

in interstate commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law.

Federal Power Commission: The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was

created by an Act of Congress under the Federal

Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was charged

originally with regulating the electric power and

natural gas industries. The FPC was abolished on September 20, 1977, when the Department of Energy was

created. The functions of the FPC were divided

between the Department of Energy and the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission.

FERC: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Fixed Carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus

the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than

ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive

distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the

total carbon that remains when coal is heated in a

closed vessel until all volatile matter is driven off.

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit (Scrubber): Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the

atmosphere. Chemicals, such as lime, are used as the

scrubbing media.

Flue Gas Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to

remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler

plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate

collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses),

and wet scrubbers.

F.O.B. Mine Price: The free on board mine price.

This is the price paid for coal at the mining operation

site. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance

costs.

Foreign-Controlled Firms: Foreign-controlled firms

are U.S. coal producers with more than 50 percent of

their stock or assets owned by a foreign firm.

Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation: Electric generation

in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by highpressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from

burning fossil fuels.

Geothermal Energy: Energy from the internal heat

of the earth, which may be residual heat, friction heat,

or a result of radioactive decay. The heat is found in

rocks and fluids at various depths and can be

extracted by drilling and/or pumping.

Greenhouse Effect: The increasing mean global

surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in

the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane,

nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The

greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate

but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of

goods and services produced by labor and property in

the United States. As long as the labor and property

are located in the United States, the supplier (that is,

the workers and, for property, the owners) may be

either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by

manual labor through the use of a shovel for

conveyance to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still used in very small-tonnage mines.

Highwall: the unexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal in a surface mine.

High-Volatile A Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 253 
High-Volatile B Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile C Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile (specific sub-group unknown): See

Bituminous coal.

Hydroelectric Power: The harnessing of flowing

water to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator,

published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert

nominal figures to real figures.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and

the District of Columbia from foreign countries and

from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.

possessions and territories.

Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from Indian lands in

exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained

by direct negotiatian with the Indians, but subject to

approval and administration by the U.S. Department

of the Interior.

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector comprises

manufacturing industries which make up the largest

part of the sector, along with mining, construction,

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in

the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to

companies assembling electronic components. The

SIC codes used to classify establishments as industrial

are 1 through 39.

Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is the

range within which the middle 50 percent of observations are concentrated. See Appendix D, Section

"Interquartile Range."

Jet Fuel: The term includes kerosene-type jet fuel

and naphtha-type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a

kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphthatype jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphthas range used

primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered

from gas well gas (associated and non-associated) in

lease separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease

condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier

hydrocarbons.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with

high inherent moisture and volatile matter (used

almost exclusively for electric power generation).

Similar coal in Europe and Australia are also referred

to as brown coal. Lignite comprises two groups classified according to the following ASTM Specifiaction

D-388-91a for calorific values on a moist mineralmatter-free basis:

Limits Btu/lb.

GE LT

Lignite A 6300 8300

Lignite B - 6300

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Lignite is non-agglomerating.

Lignite A: See Lignite.

Lignite B: See Lignite.

Longwall Mining: A form of underground coal

mining which is gaining in importance in the United

States and can be used at greater depths than roomand-pillar mining. In longwall mining, a cutting

machine is pulled back and forth across a panel of

coal 300 to 600 feet wide and as much as a mile long,

with the broken coal moved by conveyor. Longwall

mining is done under movable roof supports that are

advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out

area is allowed to fall as the mining advances.

Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Major Coal-Producing States: Any State that

produces more than 12 million short tons of coal

during the year.

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are

engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation

of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for

gasification/liquifaction.

Medium-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Merchant Coke Plant: A coke plant where coke is

produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open)

market.

Meta-Anthracite: See Anthracite.

Metallurgical Coal: Coal that meets the requirements for making coke. It must be low in ash and

sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting

the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast

furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is

usually required to make coke.

Metric Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6

pounds.

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground

Mine.

Mineral-Matter-Free Basis: Mineral matter in coal

is the parent material in coal from which ash is

derived, and which comes from minerals present in

the original plant materials that formed the coal, or

from extraneous sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water is called the mineral

matter. Mineral matter in coal cannot be analytically

determined and is commonly calculated using data on

254 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
ash and ash-forming constituents. Coal analyses are

calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis by

adjusting formulas used in calculations in order to

deduct the weight of mineral matter from the total

coal.

Moist (Coal) Basis: "Moist" coal contains its natural

inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water

adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a

moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to

describe the data when the coal contains only that

moisture which exists in the bed in its natural state of

deposition, and when the coal has not lost any

moisture due to drying.

Naphtha: A genetic term applied to a petroleum

fraction with an approximate boiling range between

122 and 400 degrees fahrenheit.

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbons and small

quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the

gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.

Natural Gas (Dry): The marketable portion of

natural gas production, which is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas

liquids removed at natural gas processing plants, from

total production.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas

liquids recovered from natural gas in processing

plants and, in some situations, from natural gas field

facilities, as well as those extracted by fractionators.

Natural gas plant liquids are defined according to the

published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane,

isobutane, pentanes plus, and other products from

natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting

the standards for finished petroleum products

produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished motor gasoline, finished avaiation gasoline,

special naphthas, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products).

Nitrogen Oxide: NOx. A gas formed in hightemperature environments when nitrogen and oxygen

are present together. This typically occurs in a combustion chamber such as those in fossil-fuel burning

electric utilities. Nitrogen oxide emissions are a contributor to acid rain.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or

service at the time of the transaction. The nominal

price, which is expressed in current dollars, is not

adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

Nonutility Power Producers: A corporation, person,

agency, authority, or other legal entity or

instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity

and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying

small- power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without

a designated franchised service area and which do not

file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.)

Nuclear Electric Power: Electricity generated by an

electric power plant whose turbines are driven by

steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located

in a particular geographic area (State or region). If a

mine is mining coal across two counties within a

State, or across two States, then it is counted as two

operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by State and county.

Number of Mining Operations: The number of

mining operations includes preparation plants with

greater than 5,000 total direct labor hours. Mining

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant

or a preparation plant only will be counted as two

operations, if the preparation plant processes both

underground and surface coal. Exluded are silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except

for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during

the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000

employee hours.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market,

i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary

of the parent company.

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a

corporate joint venture in which a corporation is

owned by a small group of businesses as a separate

and specific business or project for the mutual benefit

of the members of the group.

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not

including coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or

chemical transformation of materials or substances

into new products (manufacturing); and companies

engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction

industries.

Other Unions: See Union Type.

Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit.

Parent Company: A company which solely or

jointly owns the reporting company and which is not

itself a subsidiary of, or owned by, another company.

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to

productive capacity, times 100.

Petroleum: Petroleum includes residential and

distillate fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum

fuels, excluding petroleum coke.

Petroleum Coke: A residue that is the final product

of the condensation process in cracking. The product

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 255 
is either marketable petroleum coke or catalyst petroleum coke.

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the

processing of crude oil (including lease condensate),

natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor

gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel,

kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,

petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas,

lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil,

still gas, and miscellaneous products.

Photovoltiac and Solar Thermal Energy (as used at

electric utilities): Energy radiated by the sun as

electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation)

that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by

means of solar (photovoltiac) cells or concentrating

(focusing) collectors.

Preparation Plant: A mining facility at which coal

is crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned.

Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks: Producer

and distributor coal stocks consist of coal held in

stock by producers/distributors at the end of a

reporting period.

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal

that a mining operation can produce or process during

a period with the existing mining equipment and/or

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment

are available, and that the market exists for the

maximum production.

Quadrillion Btu: 1015 Btu.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base

year.

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines: The quantity

of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from

existing coal reserves, as reported on Form EIA-7A.

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base.

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that

can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing

mines.

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process.

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry

dam, or dredge operation.

Report Year: The calendar year beginning at 12:00

a.m. January 1 and ending at 11:59 p.m. December 31.

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units;

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and

educational institutions (schools and universities); and

Federal, State, and local governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings).

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after

the distillate fuel oils and and lighter hydrocarbons

are distilled away in refinery operations and that

conform to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975.

Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium

viscosity; Navy Special, for use in steam-powered

vessels in government service and in shore power

plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil

and is used for commercial and industrial heating,

electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of

residual fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as

fuel.

Room-and-Pillar Mining: The most common

method of underground mining in which the mine roof

is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular

intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined;

pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms.

Room-and-pillar mining is done either by conventional or continuous mining.

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated

share of production from mineral deposits, by the

lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established

minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale

royalty rate increases by steps as the average production on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty

rate is based on average production and applies to all

production from the lease.

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal

and/or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is

approximately equivalent to production, which

includes coal sold, and coal added to stockpiles.

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by a

tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated

bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end

loader.

Semianthracite: See Anthracite.

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation.

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining

that involves the use of a continuous mining machine

and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to

200 feet wide and more than half a mile long.

Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall

mining is generally more flexible because of the

smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with

256 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995
longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the

mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.

SIC: See Standard Industrial Classification.

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes

defined as including very fine coal particles called

silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per

short ton. Synonymous with culm.

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A

mining operation producing coal from these sources

of coal. (See refuse mine.)

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the

entry is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit.

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a

preparation plant.

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as

heat or electricity.

Solar Thermal Collector: A devise designed to

receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal

energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar

thermal collector may be used immediately or stored

for later use.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of

codes developed by the Office of Management and

Budget which categorizes industries to groups with

similar economic activities.

Steam Coal: All noncoking coal.

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant,

or utility at the end of the reporting period.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum

stocks maintained by the Federal Government for use

during periods of major supply interruption.

Strip (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat

terrain to recover coal by mining long strips successively. The material excavated from the strip being

mined is deposited in the strip previously mined.

Subbituminous Coal: A dull black coal of rank

intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B

coal, and subbituminous C coal, classified according

to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a on a

moist mineral-matter-free basis:

Calorific

Value

Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT

Subbituminous A Coal 10500 11500

Subbituminous B Coal 9500 10500

Subbituminous C Coal 8300 9500

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Subbituminous coal is non-agglomerating.

Subbituminous A Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous B Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous C Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Sulfur: One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. In terms of sulfur content

by weight, coal is generally classified as low (less

than or equal to 1 percent), medium (greater than 1

percent and less than or equal to 3 percent), and high

(greater than 3 percent). Sulfur content is measured as

a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or a

"dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Sulfur Dioxide: SO2. A caustic, corrosive gas that is

a by-product of combustion and emissions from

fossil-fuel burning electric utility plants. The primary

agent in the production of acid rain.

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance that, introduced into or commingled with

natural gas, increases the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,

propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inert gases

added for Btu stabilization.

Surface Mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually

within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and

rock above or around the coal (overburden) is

removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined

with surface excavation equipment such as draglines,

power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may

also be known as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or

auger mine.

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for

transportation by rail or truck.

Transportation Sector: The transportation sector

consists of private and public vehicles that move

people and commodities. Included are automobiles,

trucks. buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways

(including streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and

natural gas pipelines.

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced

by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is

then mined with underground mining equipment such

as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are

classified according to the type of opening used to

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995 257 
reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined

tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel).

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery

processing, except those requiring only mechanical

blending. Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene

and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.

Union Type: Union type consists of United Mine

Workers of America (UMWA), and the following

"Other Union" types: Southern Labor Union (SLU),

Appalachian Miners of America (AMA), Scotia

Employees Association (SEA), International Union of

Operation Engineers (IUOE), Utility Workers of

America (UWA), Progressive Mine Workers Association (PMWA), International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), International Chemical

Workers Union (ICWU), Redstone Workers Association (RWA), Chariton Valley Independent Union

(CVIU), American Federation of Labor - Congress of

Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO), Labors International (LABO), Crow Hollow Miners (CROW), Coal

Strippers (COAL), United Steel Workers (USW),

Independent Miners Association (IMA), Independent

Union (INUN), Independence Miners, Brokers, and

Truckers Association (IMBT), Council of Southern

Mountains (CSM), International Brotherhood of

Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers

Union (TEAM), Thompson Creek Workers Association (TCWA), United Brotherhood of Clay Workers

(UBCW), Wilmot Employees Independent Union

(WEIU), Independent Strip Miners Union (ISMU),

Independent Miners (IM), Independent Workers (IW),

Coal Strippers Union (CSU), Independent Miners

Union (IMU), Independent Coal Workers (ICW),

Independent Strip Mining Workers (ISMW), Independent Strip Union (ISU), Association of Bituminous

Contractors (ABC), Arch Minerals Employees Association (AMEA), United Paperworkers International

Union (UPIU), Welch Miners Union (WMU), Falcon

Coal Employees Association (FCEA), Justus

Employees Association (JEA), International Construction Union (ICU), Brotherhood of Miners

(BOM), Western Energy Workers (WEW), Carlin

Independent Union (CIU), International Association

of United Workers Union (IAWU), and Stove,

Furnace and Allied Appliance Workers International

Union of N. A. (SFAW).

U.S. Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to

foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly

Report EM 545."

U.S. Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped

to the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly

Report IM 145."

Wind Energy (as used at electric utilities): The

kinetic energy of wind converted at electric utilities

into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades

rotating from the hub) that drive generators to

produce electricity for distribution.

Wood and Waste (as used at electric utilities):

Wood energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and

other industrial, agricultural, and urban refuse used to

generate electricity for distribution.

Volatile Matter: Those products, exclusive of

moisture, given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter is determined by heating the coal to 950

degrees centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and measuring the weight loss, excluding weight

of moisture driven off at 105 degrees centigrade.

258 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1995