H. Res. 1250 

In the House of Representatives, U. S., 

December 8, 2020. 

Resolved, 

SECTION 1. GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 

(a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the 

following: 

(1) In general, artificial intelligence is the ability of 

a computer system to solve problems and to perform 

tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence. 

(2) Artificial intelligence will transform the nature 

of work and nearly all aspects of the United States economy. 

(3) Artificial intelligence will have immense implications for the security of the United States and its allies 

and partners. 

(4) Investments made by the United States Government will be instrumental in the research and development of artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence- 
2 

•HRES 1250 EH 

enabling technologies, as it has been for many of the 

world’s revolutionary technologies. 

(5) Developing and using artificial intelligence in 

ways that are ethical, reduce bias, promote fairness, and 

protect privacy is essential for fostering a positive effect 

on society consistent with core United States values. 

(6) The Obama Administration released the Big 

Data Research and Development Initiative in 2012, Executive Order 13702 (relating to creating a national 

strategic computing initiative) in 2015, and the National 

Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan in 2016. 

(7) The Trump Administration released Executive 

Order 13859 (relating to maintaining American leadership in artificial intelligence), updated the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic 

Plan in 2019, and released Office of Management and 

Budget guidance for regulation of artificial intelligence 

applications in 2020. 

(8) In May 2019, the Organisation for Economic 

Co-operation and Development (OECD) adopted the 

OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence, which included the principles of inclusive growth, sustainable development and well-being, human-centered values and 
3 

•HRES 1250 EH 

fairness, transparency and explainability, robustness, security and safety, and accountability. 

(9) In February 2020, the European Commission 

began a consultation process with the release of their 

white paper ‘‘On Artificial Intelligence - A European approach to excellence and trust’’, which set out policy options for a coordinated European approach to artificial 

intelligence regulation. 

(10) In June 2020, the G7 and several partners 

launched the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence to increase cooperation focused around the areas 

of responsible artificial intelligence, data governance, the 

future of work, and innovation and commercialization. 

(11) Several United States allies, including Canada, 

Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, the 

Netherlands, and South Korea, have published national 

artificial intelligence strategies with detailed funding 

commitments. 

(12) In 2017, China published a national artificial 

intelligence strategy that detailed the Chinese Communist Party’s goal to become the world’s primary artificial intelligence innovation center by 2030. 

(13) In 2019, Russia published a national artificial 

intelligence strategy and, in 2017, Russian President 
4 

•HRES 1250 EH 

Vladimir Putin said that ‘‘whoever becomes the leader in 

this sphere will become the ruler of the world’’. 

(14) In 2018, the Subcommittee on Information 

Technology of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, under the 

leadership of Chairman Will Hurd and Ranking Member 

Robin Kelly, published ‘‘Rise of the Machines: Artificial 

Intelligence and its Growing Impact on U.S. Policy’’ following a series of hearings on artificial intelligence with 

experts from academia, industry, and government, concluding that ‘‘the United States cannot maintain its 

global leadership in artificial intelligence absent political 

leadership from Congress and the Executive Branch’’. 

(15) Congress serves a critical role in establishing 

national priorities, funding scientific research and development, supporting emerging technologies, and sustaining cooperation with our allies to protect the national 

security of the United States. 

(b) NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY

PRINCIPLES.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives 

that the following principles should guide the national artificial intelligence strategy of the United States: 

(1) Global leadership. 

(2) A prepared workforce. 

(3) National security. 
5 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(4) Effective research and development. 

(5) Ethics, reduced bias, fairness, and privacy. 

SEC. 2. GLOBAL LEADERSHIP. 

It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the 

United States should take a global leadership role in artificial 

intelligence. 

SEC. 3. WORKFORCE PREPARATION. 

(a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the 

following: 

(1) Artificial intelligence and automation will 

present significant challenges to workers in affected industries due to the automating of some routine and repetitive tasks, but will also create additional employment 

opportunities. 

(2) Closing the artificial intelligence talent gap in 

the short and medium-term will require a targeted approach to identifying and filling roles that require the 

skills to build and work with artificial intelligence systems. 

(3) The United States should take a leadership role 

in the artificial intelligence-driven economy by filling the 

artificial intelligence talent gap and preparing United 

States workers for the jobs of the future, including by 

prioritizing inclusivity and equal opportunity. 
6 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(4) Departments and agencies of the Federal Government are increasingly using data to administer benefits, assess outcomes, and fulfill other mission-critical activities. 

(5) Effectively creating, managing, and implementing artificial intelligence related research and development grants will require technical expertise. 

(6) Departments and agencies of the Federal Government will need to be able to recruit employees with 

technical expertise. 

(7) Lifelong learning and skill acquisition can increase flexibility with respect to career opportunities. 

(8) The United States will need to be able to attract the best artificial intelligence researchers and computer scientists from around the world to work in the 

United States. 

(b) MATTERS TO CONSIDER.— 

(1) EDUCATION.—It is the sense of the House of 

Representatives that the national competitiveness of the 

United States in artificial intelligence would benefit 

from— 

(A) increased funding for Federal programs 

that support science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science education; 
7 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(B) grant programs that continue funding the 

integration of ethics courses and modules into 

science, engineering, and computer science curricula; 

(C) new education programs of study related to 

artificial intelligence that incorporate industry-recognized credentials, including certifications and certificates, embedded within secondary and postsecondary degree programs; and 

(D) continued support for teacher preparation 

programs that increase the number of teachers with 

the ability to teach science, technology, engineering, 

mathematics, and computer science education. 

(2) PROMOTING DIVERSITY.—It is the sense of the 

House of Representatives that— 

(A) the inclusion of students from historically 

under-represented groups in existing technology 

education programs would benefit a diverse artificial intelligence workforce; and 

(B) recruitment and retention policies with respect to under-represented communities and 

marginalized groups in the Federal workforce 

should be reviewed for the purpose of determining 

if such policies require modification for technology 

workers. 
8 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(3) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—It is the sense of the House 

of Representatives that the Federal Government 

should assess the effectiveness of current public 

workforce development programs with respect to the 

additional support such programs will need to effectively address job disruptions and job creations that 

result from the increased use of artificial intelligence. 

(B) WORK-BASED LEARNING AND ON-THE-JOB

TRAINING PROGRAMS.—It is the sense of the House 

of Representatives that the Federal Government 

should support the adoption of work-based learning 

and on-the-job training programs to prepare the 

United States workforce for an artificial intelligence-influenced economy, including by— 

(i) undertaking studies to determine best 

practices to implement such programs; and 

(ii) ensuring that there is sufficient Federal funding to support high-quality programs 

that coordinate with Federal workforce development programs. 

(4) FEDERAL HIRING PRACTICES.—It is the sense 

of the House of Representatives that the Federal Government should— 
9 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(A) allow technical experts to use their skills to 

assist multiple departments and agencies of the 

Federal Government, such as the United States 

Digital Service; 

(B) focus on the retention of non-partisan experts within the Federal Government who are working to modernize Federal information technology; 

(C) include in the criteria for recruiting for artificial intelligence jobs the consideration of a multidisciplinary set of skills, including an understanding 

of ethical practices with respect to the design and 

use of artificial intelligence systems, privacy, information security, law, and civil liberties; 

(D) review hiring practices for employment in 

the Federal Government for the purpose of ensuring 

that such practices do not disqualify individuals 

with a less traditional background, including due to 

a lack of undergraduate or graduate degree attainment, who have skills that will benefit work in artificial intelligence systems management and research 

and development; and 

(E) conduct studies with respect to best practices for skills-based hiring. 
10 

•HRES 1250 EH 

SEC. 4. NATIONAL SECURITY. 

(a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the 

following: 

(1) Artificial intelligence will have immense implications for national and international security. 

(2) Artificial intelligence tools and systems can augment human intelligence through human-machine collaboration and teaming across the national security ecosystem. 

(3) Ensuring that the public trusts the ability of 

the military to ethically use artificial intelligence and 

that human operators in human-machine teams trust the 

artificial intelligence will be critical factors with respect 

to the successful implementation of artificial intelligence 

systems. 

(4) The continued proliferation of national artificial 

intelligence strategies, plans, statements, and investments demonstrates the increase in global competition in 

this area. 

(5) New paradigms will be required to effectively 

test artificial intelligence and to ensure that it is reliable 

and stable. 

(6) Export and investment controls will be important policy tools to prevent the acquisition of sensitive 

artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence-enabling 

technologies, including hardware such as semiconductors 
11 

•HRES 1250 EH 

and semiconductor manufacturing equipment, by China, 

Russia, and other adversaries. 

(b) MATTERS TO CONSIDER.— 

(1) COLLABORATION WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.—It 

is the sense of the House of Representatives that the 

United States should— 

(A) leverage its alliances to promote democratic principles, foster research collaboration, and 

develop common standards with respect to artificial 

intelligence; 

(B) promote the interoperability of artificial intelligence for the purpose of strengthening alliances; 

(C) along with allies, take a leading role in 

international forums to set artificial intelligence 

principles, norms, and standards; and 

(D) undertake efforts to engage with China 

and Russia with respect to— 

(i) shared concerns about artificial intelligence safety; and 

(ii) confidence-building by establishing crisis communications procedures designed to reduce the likelihood of unintentional use and the 

risk of escalation with respect to artificial intelligence systems. 
12 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(2) FOREIGN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITY.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives 

that national security agencies should consider conditions-based and capabilities-based approaches when evaluating global artificial intelligence capabilities. 

(3) DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT.—It is the 

sense of the House of Representatives that national security agencies should— 

(A) collaborate with experts in academia, the 

private sector, and other departments and agencies 

of the Federal Government to develop best practices 

for testing, evaluation, validation, and verification 

of artificial intelligence systems; 

(B) devote agency resources, including investing in research, for the purpose of promoting trustworthiness with respect to human-machine teams; 

(C) engage with experts to develop guidelines 

for the ethical development and use of artificial intelligence systems; and 

(D) prioritize the development of artificial intelligence systems to cover non-critical tasks until 

such systems can achieve suitable standards of reliability, interoperability, and security. 

(4) EXPORT AND INVESTMENT CONTROLS.—It is 

the sense of the House of Representatives that the 
13 

•HRES 1250 EH 

United States should collaborate with its allies to prevent the misuse of artificial intelligence systems by 

China, Russia, and other adversaries. 

SEC. 5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 

(a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the 

following: 

(1) Federal funding plays an important role in research and development. 

(2) Federal research and development investments 

need to be significantly increased to ensure United 

States leadership in artificial intelligence. 

(3) Federally supported research will play an important role in supporting artificial intelligence techniques 

that are critical to United States artificial intelligence 

leadership, including by exploring novel techniques that 

leverage smaller data sets to train artificial intelligence 

systems and making more efficient use of computing resources. 

(4) Artificial intelligence advances are enabled by 

Federal research and development investments in other 

technology sectors because United States economic competitiveness and national security will depend on strong 

capabilities across a range of technologies. 

(5) Computing power is essential to progress in artificial intelligence development, and the amount of com-
14 

•HRES 1250 EH 

puting power required for artificial intelligence training 

runs is increasing exponentially. 

(6) A new wave of technological advances could be 

fostered by combining and increasing access to government-owned and government-funded computing and data 

resources. 

(7) Expanding access to digital infrastructure, such 

as broadband, will be essential to creating new job opportunities and stimulating the growth of new technology 

and innovation clusters to support United States leadership in artificial intelligence. 

(8) Incentivizing research and development across 

the private sector, particularly from smaller companies, 

will further strengthen the United States innovation ecosystem. 

(9) The United States is an attractive research and 

development partner because it is home to world-class 

universities, research institutes, and corporations. 

(10) Decades of experience show that joint work 

with foreign researchers can be done with great benefit 

and little detriment to United States economic and national security with the implementation of proper safeguards. 

(11) Artificial intelligence standards and measurement are essential to fostering artificial intelligence tech-
15 

•HRES 1250 EH 

nologies that are safe, secure, reliable, and comport with 

the norms and values of the United States. 

(12) Metrics are how the artificial intelligence research community guides itself and prioritizes research. 

(13) Benchmark tests are necessary to understand 

the performance of an artificial intelligence system. 

(14) Current tests for measuring artificial intelligence range from vague and conceptual to well-defined 

and mature. 

(15) Artificial intelligence measurement methodologies are not static and will require periodic reexaminations and updates of testing methodologies to ensure 

that artificial intelligence systems are functioning according to best-known practices. 

(16) United States leadership in global artificial intelligence standards-setting will help ensure that artificial intelligence implementations are in accordance with 

United States strengths and comport with the interests 

and values of the United States. 

(17) Public engagement is necessary for developing 

voluntary consensus standards, guidelines, and frameworks to ensure diverse perspectives are considered. 

(b) MATTERS TO CONSIDER.— 

(1) FEDERAL FUNDING.—It is the sense of the 

House of Representatives that the Federal Government 
16 

•HRES 1250 EH 

should increase investments in artificial intelligence research and development and related fields. 

(2) COLLABORATION WITH OTHER ENTITIES.—It is 

the sense of the House of Representatives that departments and agencies of the Federal Government should 

collaborate— 

(A) with the private sector, civil society, and 

academia— 

(i) to ensure that the United States innovation ecosystem leads the world in artificial 

intelligence research and development; and 

(ii) to develop voluntary consensus standards, guidelines, and frameworks that will help 

create shared conceptual foundations, terminology, and best practices for artificial intelligence fairness and bias mitigation; and 

(B) with science funding organizations in likeminded countries to establish multilateral teams of 

artificial intelligence researchers from the public 

and private sectors to promote additional talent development and foster partnerships on artificial intelligence research and development. 

(3) EXPANDING DIGITAL ACCESS.—It is the sense 

of the House of Representatives that the Federal Government should— 
17 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(A) expand access to broadband in rural and 

underserved areas; 

(B) expand the availability of affordable graphics processing units and high-performance computers in rural and underserved areas; 

(C) improve digital infrastructure in the 

United States; and 

(D) make data created by federally-funded scientific and technical research publicly available with 

appropriate privacy protections to provide artificial 

intelligence researchers with new data sets to train 

their systems. 

(4) NATIONAL COMPUTING AND DATA RESOURCE.— 

It is the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should consider establishing a national computing 

and data resource. 

(5) ACCESS TO NATIONAL LABORATORIES.—It is 

the sense of the House of Representatives that the existing supercomputing labs at the national laboratories and 

technology centers of the Department of Energy should 

expand opportunities for academics and researchers to 

access such labs for artificial intelligence research and 

research related to artificial intelligence. 

(6) TAX INCENTIVES.—It is the sense of the House 

of Representatives that Congress should examine wheth-
18 

•HRES 1250 EH 

er targeted incentives and reforms to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 would increase private sector research and development, particularly with respect to 

small cap corporations. 

SEC. 6. ETHICS, REDUCED BIAS, FAIRNESS, AND PRIVACY. 

(a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the 

following: 

(1) The rise of artificial intelligence has great potential to improve quality of life for individuals in the 

United States, provided it is developed and used in a 

manner that is ethical, reduces bias, promotes fairness, 

and protects privacy. 

(2) A diverse artificial intelligence workforce is important for mitigating bias. 

(3) The United States is uniquely positioned to leverage its diverse workforce to lead in artificial intelligence. 

(4) The starting point for Federal oversight of artificial intelligence should be to review existing regulatory 

frameworks. 

(5) Regulatory sandboxes, in general, refer to regulatory structures where a participant obtains limited or 

temporary access to a market in exchange for reduced 

regulatory uncertainty, and can be used to test a product designed to mitigate unintended bias or promote 
19 

•HRES 1250 EH 

fairness in a small-scale environment and under the supervision of regulators. 

(6) Federal programs should have necessary safeguards and oversight processes. 

(7) Artificial intelligence regulatory approaches 

should consider the level of risk associated with different 

artificial intelligence applications. 

(b) MATTERS TO CONSIDER.— 

(1) BIAS MITIGATION.—It is the sense of the House 

of Representatives that departments and agencies of the 

Federal Government should— 

(A) support technical and non-technical research and development to address potential bias, 

fairness, and privacy issues in artificial intelligence; 

(B) improve access to a broad range of nonsensitive government data assets to help train artificial intelligence systems; 

(C) implement title II of the Foundations for 

Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (Public 

Law 115–435; 132 Stat. 5529); 

(D) develop policies to identify the data used 

to train artificial intelligence algorithms as well as 

data analyzed by artificial intelligence algorithms 

and systems in use by departments and agencies; 

and 
20 

•HRES 1250 EH 

(E) further develop and release to the public 

available benchmark data assets with the proper 

safeguards to protect privacy, mitigate bias, and 

promote inclusivity. 

(2) REGULATION AND LEGISLATION REVIEW.—It is 

the sense of the House of Representatives that congressional committees should— 

(A) review the range of existing Federal regulations and laws that potentially apply to artificial 

intelligence; 

(B) determine which laws apply to artificial intelligence; 

(C) determine if any gaps in appropriate legislation and regulation exist and how such gaps could 

be addressed; 

(D) advance Federal privacy reforms that build 

trust, prevent harm, and maintain United States 

global leadership in artificial intelligence; and 

(E) conduct regular oversight of artificial intelligence policies in the executive branch within their 

jurisdiction. 

(3) FEDERAL FUNDING.—It is the sense of the 

House of Representatives that Congress should support 

funding for departments and agencies of the Federal 

Government interested in adopting programs, including 
21 

•HRES 1250 EH 

regulatory sandboxes, for the purposes of testing artificial intelligence tools in limited markets. 

Attest: 

Clerk.