DOE/EIA-0584 (2006) 

 

Annual Coal Report 

2006 

November 2007 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical 

agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be not be construed as 

advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. 
ii Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the 

direction of Thomas Schmitz, Director, Coal, Nuclear, 

and Renewable Fuels Division, and William Watson, 

Coal Team Leader, within the Energy Information 

Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Specific 

information about the data in this report can be obtained 

from Fred Freme at (202) 586-1251, or e-mail at 

Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov. Other questions on coal 

statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at 

infoctr@eia.doe.gov.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data 

collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified 

in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 

(Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

Report.” 

This report is the 31st annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor: 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Coal Production...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 34

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 39

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 46

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 50

Average Consumer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 60

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................. 62
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2006-2005 ............................................................... 11

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2006.......................................................... 13

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2006............................................................................... 17

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2006 ...................................................................................... 18

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2006..................................................... 19

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2006 ......................................................................... 20

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2006..................................................................................... 21

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2006..................................................................................................................................... 22

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2006 ........................................................................................................................................ 23

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2006 .................................................................................................................................. 24

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2006, 2005.............................................................................................. 26

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2006, 2005.............................................................................................. 27

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2006......... 28

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2006, 2005 .................. 30

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve 

Base by Mining Method, 2006....................................................................................................................................... 31

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 2006 .................................................................................................................................................... 32

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2006 .......................................................................................................................................... 33

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005 .......................................................................... 35

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2006....... 36

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2006 ........................ 38

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005.................................................................................... 40

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2006................................................................ 42

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2006..................................................... 43

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2006...................................................................... 45

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2006.................................................................................... 47

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2006, 2005 .............................................. 48

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2006, 2005............................................................................... 49

28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005.......................................................... 51

29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2006...................................... 52

30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2006 .......................................... 53

31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2006 .................................................................... 57

32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2006...................................... 58

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2006................................................................................. 59

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2006, 2005 .................................. 61
vi Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 1

Executive Summary 

Coal production in the United States reached another 

record level in 2006, ending the year at 1,162.8 million 

short tons according to data from the Energy Information 

Administration (Table ES1). Production in 2006 was 31.3 

million short tons higher than the prior record set in 2005 

of 1,131.5 million short tons. Although coal production 

rose in 2006, U.S. total coal consumption declined for the 

year with lower demand by all sectors. Coal consumption 

decreased in the electric power sector by 1.0 percent, the 

coking coal sector by 2.0 percent, and the other industrial 

sector by 1.4 percent. (Note: All percentage change 

calculations are done at the short-tons level.) The excess 

production over consumption allowed total coal stocks to 

increase significantly during the year, as electric generators 

rebuilt their stockpiles that had fallen substantially in 2005 

due to missed shipments in the second half of that year. 

The weather in 2006 was the primary driver for the decline 

in consumption of coal during the year, but the drop was 

also partially due to declining natural gas prices during the 

year. Data show that total generation in the electric power 

sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) 

in the United States increased slightly in 2006. However, 

coal-based generation declined, resulting in a 10.8- millionshort-ton decrease in coal consumed in the electric power 

sector. Coal use in the non-electricity sector decreased by 

3.2 percent to a level of 85.7 million short tons. 

For a third consecutive year, the average delivered price of 

coal increased in all markets in 2006, but the increases 

were smaller than those experienced in 2005. In the 

domestic markets, the delivered price-per-short-ton for 

electric utilities increased 9.7 percent, while the increase 

was 6.5 percent for independent power producers. 

Delivered coking coal prices increased by 10.8 percent, 

while the delivered price for the other industrial sector 

increased by 8.5 percent in 2006. The average open market 

minemouth coal price increased in 2006 by 6.7 percent. 

Production 

U.S. coal production increased in 2006 by 2.8 percent to 

reach a record level of 1,162.8 million short tons (Figure 

ES1 and Table ES1), 31.3 million short tons higher than the 

2005 production. Although total U.S. coal production was 

higher in 2006, not all of the coal-producing regions shared 

in the increase. Exclusive of refuse production, the Interior 

and Western Regions had an increase in their production 

levels in 2006 of 1.5 percent and 5.9 percent respectively, 

while Appalachian coal production declined by 1.4 percent 

(Figure ES1 and Table ES1). In the amount of tons of coal 

produced, the increase in the Western Region production 

was more than six times the decrease in Appalachian 

Region production in 2006. 

One of the most important aspects for the coal industry in 

2006 was the lack of any major transportation issues related 

to coal moving from the mines to the consumers. Although 

there were some partial train derailments and sunken 

barges during the year, and the continuing rail track 

improvements and river lock repairs that slowed some coal 

shipments, 2006 was free of the major transportation 

problem that the coal industry experienced in 2005 (track 

maintenance work on rail lines in the Powder River Basin). 

For the second time in four years, the coal industry was 

brought to the forefront of the Nation’s consciousness in 

2006, as two separate events unfolded which involved coal 

miners trapped underground. Unfortunately, the tragic 

results of the 2006 incidents were not the same as in 2002 

when the trapped miners were all successfully rescued. In 

January, two different incidents, both in West Virginia, 

focused the public’s attention on the dangers that miners 

face on a daily basis. As a result of these unfortunate 

events, new legislation requiring improvement in safety in 

underground mines passed at both the Federal and state 

levels. For the year 2006, a total of 47 miners died on the 

job, matching the total number that occurred in 1995, and 

more than double the 22 killed in 2005. 

 

Appalachian Region 

Coal production in the Appalachian Region decreased in 

2006 by 5.5 million short tons, to end the year at 391.2 

million short tons, a decline of 1.4 percent, making it the 

fifth year in a row that the region has experienced coal 

production of less than 400 million short tons. The 

decrease in 2006 in coal production in the region was in 

part, a response to the drop in coal consumption for 

electricity generation, the slight decrease in coal exports, 

which are primarily produced in the East, and the increase 

in coal imports, which are in competition with Appalachian 

production. The decline in the Appalachian Region in 

2006 brought the production level down to the 2004 level. 

West Virginia, the largest coal-producing State in the 

Appalachian Region and the second largest in the U.S., 

decreased its production 0.8 percent in 2006 to end the year 

with 152.4 million short tons of production, 1.3 million 

short tons under the 2005 level. The decline in coal 

production in West Virginia was in part a result of the 

suspensions of production after accidents that occurred in 

January at two new mines in the state: Sago and Aracoma 

mines. Although there were a few new mines in 2006
2 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2005-2006 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) 

Item 2005 2006 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 396.7 391.2 

 Interior 149.2 151.4 

 Western 585.0 619.4 

 Refuse Recovery 0.7 0.8 

Total 1,131.5 1,162.8 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 1,037.5 1,026.6 

 Coke Plants 23.4 23.0 

 Other Industrial Plants 60.3 59.5 

 Residential/Commercial 4.7R 3.2 

Total 1,126.0R 1,112.3 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 101.1 141.0 

 Coke Plants 2.6 2.9 

 Other Industrial Plants 5.6 6.5 

 Producers/Distributors 35.0 36.5 

Total 144.3 186.9 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $31.22 $34.26 

 Independent Power Producers $30.39 $32.38 

 Coke Plants $83.79 $92.87 

 Other Industrial Plants $47.63 $51.67 

 

Average U.S. Open Market Mine Price $23.59 $25.16 

 R = Revised data. 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption 

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2006, tables 1; 26; 27; 28; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 

(2006) (Washington, DC, November 2007). 

and a full year’s production from mines that came on line 

during 2005 (Toney’s Fork, Grapevine South, Camp 

Branch, and No. 130 mines), those increases in coal 

production were more than offset by the declines in 

production at other mines in the State (Upper Big 

Branch, American Eagle, Harris No. 1, and Alex 

Energy’s No. 1) in combination with the idling of the 

Shoemaker mine in April of 2006. 

Eastern Kentucky produced 93.6 million short tons of 

coal in 2006, a slight increase of 0.3 million short tons or 

0.3 percent. Although there were six mines in eastern 

Kentucky that had an increase in coal production of at 

least a half-a-million short tons, production decreases by 

numerous other mines mostly offset those increases 

resulting in a slight increase in annual production. Two 

mines with lower 2006 coal production in Eastern 

Kentucky, the Halfway Branch Surface and the Branham 

mine, were placed into non-producing status during the 

year. Pennsylvania produced 66.0 million short tons, a 

decrease of 2.2 percent, or 1.5 million short tons from 

2005. The decrease in coal production level at Consol’s 

Bailey mine and the idling of ANR’s Ridge Deep mine 

accounted for most of the drop in production in 2006. 

Coal production in Virginia increased in 2006, the only 

state in the Appalachian Region to have substantially 

higher production than 2005. Virginia produced a total 

of 29.7 million short tons, an increase of 7.2 percent. 

The increase in coal production in Virginia was primarily 

a result of the resumption of production at Consol’s 

Buchanan mine that had experienced both a fire and later 

mechanical problems in 2005 that had substantially 

reduced production. Ohio’s coal production declined in 

2006 by 8.1 percent to end the year at 22.7 million short 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 3

tons. The lower production was a result of the drop in 

production at Ohio Valley’s Powhatan longwall mine 

and Consol’s Mahoning Valley No. 36 mine, which only 

had production in the first quarter of 2006. Coal 

production decreased in Alabama in 2006 by 11.8 

percent to 18.8 million short tons. The Jim Walter 

Resources No. 4 mine had lower production in 2006 as a 

result of a longwall move combined with some roof 

control issues. Production also decreased in 2006 at 

Drummond’s Shoal Creek mine due to a series of 

methane ignitions in February that resulted in suspension 

of production for an extended period of time during the 

year. Maryland and Tennessee both had slightly 

decreased coal production in 2006 from their prior year 

levels. 

Interior Region 

The Interior Region experienced an increase in coal 

production in 2006 of 2.2 million short tons, or 1.5 

percent to achieve a total of 151.4 million short tons, the 

highest level seen in the region since 1999. The increase 

in coal production in the Interior Region was primarily a 

result of the increased coal production in Indiana and 

Western Kentucky, which accounted for almost twothirds of the total regional increase. Indiana coal 

production rose 0.7 million short tons in 2006 to end the 

year at 35.1 million short tons, an increase of 1.9 percent. 

Most of the increase in Indiana’s coal production in 2006 

can be attributed to Black Beauty Coal Company’s 

Miller Creek Mine - Knox Pit that began production in 

the fourth quarter of 2005. Western Kentucky coal 

production in 2006 was 27.2 million short tons, an 

increase of 0.8 million short tons or 3.1 percent. While a 

few mines in Western Kentucky ceased production in 

2006, a full year’s production by two mines that started 

in the last half of 2005, Advent Mining’s Onton No. 9 

and Hopkins County Coal’s Elk Creek mine, accounted 

for the majority of the production increase for the year. 

Texas is the largest coal-producing State in the Interior 

Region and in 2006 it accounted for slightly less than 

one-third of the region’s coal production with a total of 

45.5 million short tons, a slight decrease of 0.9 percent 

from 2005. Coal production in Illinois rose by 2.2 

percent to end the year at 32.7 million short tons, an 

increase of 0.7 million short tons. The other States in 

the Interior Region (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, 

Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which together 

produced 10.8 million short tons of coal and accounted 

for a total of 7.1 percent of the entire region’s production 

in 2006, all fluctuated some from their 2005 coal 

production levels. 

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2006 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2005) 

Regional totals do not include refuse recovery 

U.S. Total: 1,162.8 Million Short Tons (2.8%) 

Western

619.4

(5.9%)

Interior

151.4

(1.5%)

Appalachian

391.2

(-1.4%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report, 2006, DOE/EIA-0584(2006) (Washington, DC, November 2007).
4 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 2005-2006 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2005 2006 

Appalachian Total 396.7 

 

 391.2

 Alabama 21.3 18.8 

 Kentucky, Eastern 93.3 93.6 

 Maryland 5.2 5.1 

 Ohio 24.7 22.7 

 Pennsylvania Total 67.5 66.0 

 Anthracite 1.6 1.5 

 Bituminous 65.8 64.5 

 Tennessee 3.2 2.8 

 Virginia 27.7 29.7 

 West Virginia 153.6 152.4 

 Northern 42.6 42.4 

 Southern 111.0 110.0 

 

Interior Total 149.2 

 

 151.4 

 Arkansas s s 

 Illinois 32.0 32.7 

 Indiana 34.5 35.1 

 Kansas 0.2 0.4 

 Kentucky, Western 26.4 27.2 

 Louisiana 4.2 4.1 

 Mississippi 3.6 3.8 

 Missouri 0.6 0.4 

 Oklahoma 1.9 2.0 

 Texas 45.9 45.5 

 

Western Total 585.0 

 

 619.4 

 Alaska 1.5 1.4 

 Arizona 12.1 8.2 

 Colorado 38.5 36.3 

 Montana 40.4 41.8 

 New Mexico 28.5 25.9 

 North Dakota 30.0 30.4 

 Utah 24.5 26.0 

 Washington 5.3 2.6 

 Wyoming 404.3 446.7 

 

Refuse Recovery 0.7 0.8 

U.S. Total 1,131.5 1,162.8

s Value is less than 0.5 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated totals.

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form

7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 5

Western Region 

Coal production in the Western Region increased in 2006 

by 5.9 percent to a total of 619.4 million short tons, and 

accounted for over 53 percent of total U.S. coal 

production for the year. The increase of 34.5 million 

short tons resulted in another record level for the region, 

the third year in a row that the region achieved a record. 

Despite the record level of coal production, only four of 

the nine States in the Western Region had higher 

production levels in 2006: Montana, North Dakota, Utah, 

and Wyoming. Wyoming is by far the largest coalproducing State in the Nation, a position it has held since 

1988. In 2006, Wyoming produced 446.7 million short 

tons of coal, an increase of 42.4 million short tons or 

10.5 percent for the year. Although five of the twentyone mines in Wyoming had slight decreases in coal 

production in 2006, the increased production levels at the 

rest of the mines pushed the State to a new record level 

for the year. The dominance of Wyoming in U.S. coal 

production is reflected by the fact that the largest mine in 

the State (and the United States) is the Black Thunder 

mine which produced 92.7 million short tons in 2006. 

This Wyoming mine alone produced more coal than 23 

other individual coal-producing states. Other examples 

of Wyoming’s dominance are: in 2006, it accounted for 

about 72 percent of the Western Region production total; 

was 55.5 million short tons more than the entire 

Appalachian Region; was almost three times the Interior 

Region; and was 38.4 percent of the total U.S. coal 

production for the year. Also, if the 26 States that 

produced coal in 2006 were ranked by descending total 

production levels, Wyoming produced 108.1 million 

short tons more than the next three largest coalproducing States (West Virginia, Kentucky, and 

Pennsylvania), and 70.1 million short tons more coal 

than the summation of the States ranked 5th through 26th. 

Wyoming was able to transport more coal by rail in 

2006. Improved railroad capacity in Wyoming resulted 

in increased shipments which allowed utilities to rebuild 

stockpiles during the year and was able to alleviate the 

pent-up demand caused by the restrictions the railroads 

experienced during the repair and maintenance work on 

the southern Powder River Basin (PRB) rail line in 2005. 

In 2006, Montana, the second largest coal-producing 

State in the Western Region, produced a total of 41.8 

million short tons, an increase of 3.6 percent. Although 

there was a decrease in production at Western Energy’s 

Rosebud mine, the increase in coal production at Spring 

Creek Coal’s Spring Creek mine due to the completion 

of an expansion project more than offset the decline. 

Total coal production in North Dakota increased in 2006 

by 1.5 percent to end the year at 30.4 million short tons. 

Declines in production by two of the four North Dakota 

mines, Beulah and Center, were offset by increases in the 

other two mines, Falkirk and Freedom. Coal production 

in Utah in 2006 increased by 6.1 percent to a level of 

26.0 million short tons. The 1.5-million-short-ton 

increase in Utah was primarily a result of the increase in 

production at Canyon Fuel’s Skyline No. 3 mine. 

Colorado had a decline in coal production in 2006, 

ending the year with a total of 36.3 million short tons, a 

decrease of 2.2 million short tons, due in part to the 

closing of HNR’s Bowie No. 3 mine at the end of 2005 

and the idling of Peabody’s Seneca mine at the beginning 

of 2006. New Mexico had a decrease of 2.6 million 

short tons in 2006 to end the year with a total of 25.9 

million short tons, a decline of 9.1 percent, which was 

attributable to the decreased production levels at BHP’s 

Navajo and San Juan South mines. Coal production in 

2006 in Alaska was 1.4 million short tons, slightly below 

the prior year total. 

Arizona and Washington both had major declines in coal 

production in 2006 as a consequence of mine closures. 

Coal production in Arizona in 2006 was 8.2 million short 

tons, a decrease of 3.9 million short tons, or 31.9 percent. 

This decline was due to the idling of the Peabody’s 

Black Mesa mine which had provided coal to the jointlyowned Mohave electric generation facility that closed at 

the end of 2005, due to an agreement with several 

organizations that required the plant to install 

environmental equipment or cease operation. Coal 

production in Washington in 2006 declined by 51.0 

percent to 2.6 million short tons. The only mine in the 

State, TransAlta’s Centralia mine, had deteriorating 

mining conditions and escalating mining costs that 

resulted in the company deciding to close the mine at the 

end of November 2006. 

Employment 

The number of employees in U.S. coal mines increased 

in 2006 by 4.6 percent to a level of 82,959. Increases in 

the number of employees were experienced in both 

underground and surface mining in 2006 at the national 

level. The largest increase in total employees in a State 

was in West Virginia, which added 1,465 employees to 

the payroll. However, not all States had increases in the 

number of total employees working in 2006. Arizona 

had the biggest decrease in employment as one of the 

two mines in the State shut down at the end of 2005 

resulting in a decline of 149 employees. 

Productivity 

Productivity at coal mines in 2006 decreased by 1.5 

percent to a level of 6.26 tons per miner per hour. 

Although total productivity declined for the year, surface 

productivity actually increased from 2005 by 1.5 percent 

to a level of 10.19 short tons per miner per hour. 

Underground productivity dropped in 2006 by 7.0 

percent to a level of 3.37 short tons per miner per hour 
6 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

resulting in the decrease in total productivity for the year. 

Part of the decline in underground productivity was a 

result of miners having increasing hours used in safety 

and health work in compliance with the MINER Act of 

2006 that affected the ability to mine coal. 

Changes in regional productivity varied across the U.S. 

in 2006, with the largest decline in the Appalachian 

Region and the smallest in Western Region. Total 

productivity in the Appalachian Region decreased by 4.6 

percent in 2006 to a level of 3.13 short tons per miner per 

hour. This drop was a reflection of the decrease in 

underground productivity in the region, which declined 

by 7.6 percent, while the surface productivity actually 

increased slightly by 0.4 percent in 2006. Total 

productivity in the Interior Region declined by 3.7 

percent to a level of 5.10 short tons per miner per hour in 

2006, with declines in both underground and surface 

productivity. Underground productivity in the Interior 

Region decreased in 2006 by 4.3 percent to a level of 

3.54 short tons per miner per hour while surface 

productivity decreased by 1.0 percent to a level of 7.35 

short tons per miner per hour. Reflecting the large 

number of surface mines in the region, the Western 

Region had the smallest drop in total productivity in 

2006, 1.4 percent to 20.19 short tons per miner per hour. 

Productivity in underground mines in the Western 

Region dropped by 10.1 percent to 6.77 short tons per 

miner per hour, while surface productivity increased 

slightly by 0.3 percent to a level of 25.70 short tons per 

miner per hour. 

Consumption 

The combination of moderate weather and declining 

natural gas prices resulted in lower coal consumption in 

the electric power sector, which in turn reduced total coal 

consumption in the United States in 2006. Total U.S. coal 

consumption decreased 13.7 million short tons to a level 

of 1,112.3 million short tons, a decline of 1.2 percent. The 

electric power sector (electric utilities and independent 

power producers) accounts for about 92 percent of all coal 

consumed in the United States and is the driving force for 

the Nation’s coal consumption. The other coal consuming 

sectors (coking coal, other industrial, and residential and 

commercial sectors) had minor changes in their 

consumption totals. The other industrial sector had a decrease 

in coal consumption in 2006 of 1.4 percent, while the coking 

coal sector had a decrease of 2.0 percent. The residential and 

commercial sector (which is the smallest of all coal consuming 

sectors, accounting for less than one-half of one percent of total 

consumption), declined by 1.5 million short tons in 2006. 

Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2006 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2005) 

New England

8.8 (-2.1%)

Middle Atlantic

70.0 (2.1%)

South Atlantic

178.7 (-0.5%)

East South Central

116.7 (3.1%)

 West South Central

151.8 (-0.8%)

East

North Central

231.8 (-1.1%)

West

North Central

146.5 (-1.6%)

Mountain

114.7 (-4.2%)

Pacific

Contiguous

6.5 (-35.1%)

Pacific

Noncontiguous

1.1 (-1.4%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.” 

U.S. Total = 1,026.6 (-1.0%) 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 7

Coal consumption in the electric power sector decreased 

by 1.0 percent or 10.8 million short tons to end 2006 at 

1,026.6 million short tons (Figure ES2). However, coalbased generation decreased at a slightly higher rate of 1.1 

percent for the year. This apparent inconsistency is 

explained by the increased usage of lower-Btu western 

coals (subbituminous and lignite) to generate electricity. 

Generation 

Nationally, total generation in the electric power sector 

from all fuels increased marginally in 2006 by 0.2 

percent. However, there were substantial gains in 

electricity generation by natural gas and hydroelectric 

generation facilities in the United States (Figure ES3). 

The increase of 7.4 percent in electricity generation by 

hydroelectric facilities in the United States was a direct 

result of the increased precipitation during the year. The 

increase in electric generation by natural gas plants of 

7.5 percent in 2006 was due in part to the decreasing 

costs of natural gas during the year combined with the 

numerous new gas-fired generating facilities that opened 

during the last several years. In 2006, 71 percent of the 

new capacity to come on line during the year was natural 

gas-fired, while new coal-fired capacity was less than 5 

percent. The average cost of natural gas delivered to the 

electricity sector in 2006 compared to 2005 decreased by 

15.7 percent, while the cost of coal increased by 8.9 

percent in the same time period although the average cost 

of coal continued to be much lower than that of natural 

gas. 

There are two major factors that influence total electric 

generation: economic growth and weather. Even though 

economic growth continued throughout 2006, with the 

gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States 

increasing by 3.3 percent for the year, the moderate 

weather across the country for most of the year was 

enough to dampen the demand for electricity. According 

to data from the National Weather Service Climate 

Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), compared to 

2005, cooling degree-days in 2006 were slightly lower 

for the country as a whole (2.4 percent), while heating 

degree-days were 8.0 percent lower. Although the 

summer weather in 2006 was hotter than normal (30-year 

average) for the Nation by 15.8 percent, the winter 

weather (warmest January ever recorded) was warmer 

than normal and the heating degree-days for 2006 were 

13.3 percent below normal. 

Of the nine Census Divisions, coal is less than 20 percent 

of the fuel mix for electricity generation in two divisions, 

New England and Pacific, and more than 50 percent of 

the fuel mix in five divisions, East North Central, West 

North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, and 

Mountain. In the other two divisions, coal is one of two 

main fuel sources for the electric power sector. In the 

Middle Atlantic, coal competes with nuclear power for 

dominance, while in the West South Central coal 

competes with natural gas. 

Seven of the nine Census Divisions had decreases in coal 

consumption in the electric power sector in 2006, with 

six of those seven having a decline of at least half a 

million short tons. One of the Census Divisions, the 

Mountain, accounted for almost 50 percent of the 

decrease in total coal consumption in the electric power 

sector. Total generation in the Mountain Census 

Division increased slightly in 2006 by 0.9 percent (Table 

ES3). Coal is the primary fuel for electricity generation 

in the Mountain division and it accounted for 60.0 

percent of total generation for the year. The combination 

of increases in generation of both natural gas, up 15.2 

percent, and hydroelectric facilities, up 14.8 percent in 

2006, resulted in a decline in coal consumption for the 

division of 5.0 million short tons, a drop of 4.2 percent. 

The Pacific Census Division (Pacific Contiguous and 

Pacific Non-contiguous) was one of five divisions to 

have an increase in total generation in the electric power 

sector in 2006, increasing by 7.9 percent. However, coal 

is a small portion of total generation, usually less than 5 

percent. Even though coal is such a small part of the 

total generation for the division, the decrease in coal 

consumption for the electric power sector was the 

second-largest in the Nation in 2006. Total coal 

consumption for the electric power sector in the Pacific 

Census Division declined by 3.5 million short tons or 

31.6 percent. Increases in generation by natural gas and 

hydroelectric facilities in the division of 9.6 percent and 

17.4 percent respectively, helped push down the need for 

Figure ES3. Share of Electric Power Sector Net 

Generation by Energy Source, 

2005 vs. 2006 

51.1

4.7

17.5

6.7

20.0

3.5

18.8

7.2

50.4

20.1

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Nuclear Hydro Natural Gas Petroleum and

Other

Coal

Percent

2005 2006

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report."
8 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

coal to generate electricity. In the East North Central 

Census Division, coal accounts for about 70 percent of 

total generation in the electric power sector. For 2006, 

total electricity generation in this division decreased by 

1.9 percent from the 2005 level, while the coal-based 

generation declined by 1.6 percent. The drop in coalbased generation resulted in a decrease in coal 

consumption for the electric power sector of 2.6 million 

short tons for the year. 

In the West North Central Census Division, where coal 

accounts for about three-fourths of generation, total 

generation in the electric power sector in 2006 was about 

the same as the prior year, increasing by 0.6 percent. 

However, a large increase in generation by nuclear plants 

resulted in a decrease in generation by coal plants. Total 

coal-fired generation in the West North Central division 

declined by 1.0 percent while coal consumption for 

generation decreased by 1.6 percent, or 2.4 million short 

tons. In the West South Central Census Division coal 

competes with natural gas as the primary fuel for 

electricity generation, both typically accounting for over 

40 percent of total generation. In 2006, total generation 

in the West South Central division increased by 0.6 

percent, with natural gas generation increasing by 0.3 

percent and nuclear-powered generation increasing by 

8.3 percent. As a consequence of the increases in 

generation by those fuels in the division, coal-based 

generation declined by 0.3 percent with coal 

consumption for electric power generation decreasing in 

2006 by 1.2 million short tons. 

In the South Atlantic Census Division total generation in 

the electric power sector declined in 2006 by 1.6 percent. 

Coal typically accounts for over half of the generation in 

the South Atlantic division and in 2006 coal-based 

generation decreased by 0.4 percent resulting in a 

decrease in coal consumption for electric power 

generation of 0.8 million short tons. Coal accounts for 

less than one-sixth of total generation in the New 

England Census Division, and in 2006 total coal 

consumption for electricity generation decreased by 0.2 

million short tons, or 2.1 percent. 

Of the two Census Divisions (the East South Central and 

the Middle Atlantic) that had increases in coal 

consumption for electricity generation, the East South 

Central Division accounted for 70 percent of the total 

increase. Coal is the primary fuel for generation in the 

East South Central division, typically accounting for 

over two-thirds of total generation in a year, while 

nuclear power accounts for just under 20 percent. Total 

electricity generation in the East South Central division 

increased slightly by 0.5 percent in 2006. Nuclear power 

generation declined in the division by 3.7 percent while 

coal-based generation increased by 2.1 percent for the 

year. This resulted in an increase in coal consumption of 

3.5 million short tons over the 2005 level. 

The Middle Atlantic Census Division had a decrease in 

electric power sector generation in 2006 of 0.8 percent. 

Natural gas generation increased by 24.2 percent while 

coal-based generation increased by only 0.8 percent in 

2006. This resulted in an increase in coal consumption 

for electric power generation in the Middle Atlantic 

division of 1.5 million short tons. 

Table ES3. Electric Power Sector Net Generation,

 2005-2006 (Million Kilowatthours) 

Census 

Division 2005 2006 

Percent 

Change 

New England 

 Coal 20,220 19,411 -4.0

 Total 129,550 125,708 -3.0

 

Middle Atlantic 

 Coal 151,190 152,454 0.8

 Total 418,614 415,192 -0.8

 

East North 

Central 

 Coal 459,062 451,517 -1.6

 Total 651,726 639,456 -1.9

 

West North 

Central 

 Coal 230,271 228,067 -1.0

 Total 299,713 301,627 0.6

 

South Atlantic 

 Coal 424,999 423,402 -0.4

 Total 801,066 788,587 -1.6

 

East South 

Central 

 Coal 241,173 246,322 2.1

 Total 367,904 368,837 0.5

 

West South 

Central 

 Coal 227,675 226,940 -0.3

 Total 540,497 544,000 0.6

 

Mountain 

 Coal 219,829 209,239 -4.8

 Total 345,705 348,918 0.9

 

Pacific 

 Coal 17,641 12,422 -29.6

 Total 347,415 374,753 7.9

 

U.S. Total 

 Coal 1,992,060 1,969,776 -1.1

 Total 3,902,192 3,908,077 0.2

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 9

Coal consumption in the non-electric power sector 

declined in 2006. Coal consumption at coke plants 

decreased by 0.5 million short tons to end the year at 

23.0 million short tons, a decline of 2.0 percent. 

Although there was a decline in U.S. coke production in 

2006 due to a slowing in the demand for coke both 

domestically and internationally, a previously announced 

expansion at the newest coke plant (another 100 batteries 

to be built) is still planned but the start of the 

construction has been delayed. 

Although the Gross Domestic Product grew by 3.3 

percent, the economic growth did not extend into the 

entire manufacturing sector in 2006, and as a result, coal 

consumption in the other industrial sector decreased by 

only 0.9 million short tons to end the year at 59.5 million 

short tons. The increases in coal consumption in 2006 

experienced in some of the manufacturing sectors 

(nonmetallic mineral products and primary metal 

manufacturing) offset the decreases in other manufacturing 

sectors (food, beverage, textile, paper, chemical, fabricated 

metal, and transportation equipment). Coal consumption in 

the residential and commercial sector decreased in 2006. 

Coal Prices

For the third consecutive year, coal prices rose across the 

board. The average open market f.o.b. (free on board) 

mine price increased in 2006 to $25.16 per ton, an 

increase of 6.7 percent over 2005, a price level not seen 

since the mid-1980’s. Even though spot coal prices for 

some of the producing regions declined in 2006, average 

delivered prices in the consuming sectors increased for 

the year. The majority of coal sold in the electric power 

sector is through long-term contracts, in conjunction with 

spot purchases to supplement the demand. Average 

delivered coal prices at electric utilities (a subset of the 

electric power sector) increased for a sixth consecutive 

year, to $34.26 per short ton ($1.69 per million Btu), an 

increase of 9.7 percent over the 2005 price. Delivered 

coal prices at independent power producers increased to 

$32.38 per short ton ($1.68 per million Btu), an increase 

of 6.8 percent. The delivered price of coal to the other 

coal-consuming sectors also increased in 2006. The 

average delivered price of coal to the other industrial 

sector increased by 8.5 percent to an average price of 

$51.67 per short ton in 2006. However, the largest 

increase in consumer prices was in the coking coal 

sector. The limited availability and the tight 

specifications needed for coal to produce coke influence 

the price. High international prices for metallurgical coal 

in 2006 also affected prices in the U.S. market. In 2006 

the average delivered price of coal to U.S. coke plants 

increased by 10.8 percent to reach an average price of 

$92.87 per short ton. 

Coal Stocks 

Total coal stocks at the end of 2006 were 186.9 million 

short tons, an increase of 42.6 million short tons from the 

prior year. Coal stocks held by producers and 

distributors increased by 1.6 million short tons. 

Industrial users, including coke plants, held a total of 9.4 

million short tons at the end of 2006, 1.2 million short 

tons more than the level at the start of the year. Coal 

stocks in the electric power sector, which by the end of 

2005 had dropped to its lowest level since 1997, 

increased substantially in 2006. As no atypical 

transportation problems arose during the year, coal 

stocks in the electric power sector increased by 39.8 

million short tons, or 39.4 percent to end 2006 at a level 

of 141.0 million short tons. 
10 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Coal Production 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 11

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2006-2005 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

2006 2005 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama..................................................... 57 18,830 53 21,339 7.5 -11.8

 Underground............................................ 9 10,737 9 13,295 - -19.2

 Surface..................................................... 48 8,092 44 8,044 9.1 0.6

Alaska ........................................................ 1 1,425 1 1,454 - -2.0

 Surface..................................................... 1 1,425 1 1,454 - -2.0

Arizona ...................................................... 1 8,216 2 12,072 -50.0 -31.9

 Surface..................................................... 1 8,216 2 12,072 -50.0 -31.9

Arkansas.................................................... 2 23 1 3 100.0 NM

 Underground............................................ 1 18 - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 1 5 1 3 - 102.4

Colorado .................................................... 12 36,322 13 38,510 -7.7 -5.7

 Underground............................................ 7 26,659 8 28,439 -12.5 -6.3

 Surface..................................................... 5 9,663 5 10,071 - -4.1

Illinois ........................................................ 22 32,729 20 32,014 10.0 2.2

 Underground............................................ 15 27,120 12 26,343 25.0 3.0

 Surface..................................................... 7 5,609 8 5,671 -12.5 -1.1

Indiana....................................................... 28 35,119 29 34,457 -3.4 1.9

 Underground............................................ 7 10,736 8 11,189 -12.5 -4.0

 Surface..................................................... 21 24,383 21 23,268 - 4.8

Kansas........................................................ 2 426 1 171 100.0 149.6

 Surface..................................................... 2 426 1 171 100.0 149.6

Kentucky Total ......................................... 442 120,848 432 119,734 2.3 0.9

 Underground............................................ 227 73,182 224 73,702 1.3 -0.7

 Surface..................................................... 215 47,666 208 46,032 3.4 3.5

 Eastern...................................................... 416 93,607 404 93,322 3.0 0.3

 Underground............................................ 214 49,312 211 52,054 1.4 -5.3

 Surface..................................................... 202 44,295 193 41,269 4.7 7.3

 Western..................................................... 26 27,241 28 26,412 -7.1 3.1

 Underground............................................ 13 23,870 13 21,648 - 10.3

 Surface..................................................... 13 3,370 15 4,763 -13.3 -29.2

Louisiana ................................................... 2 4,114 2 4,161 - -1.1

 Surface..................................................... 2 4,114 2 4,161 - -1.1

Maryland ................................................... 19 5,054 16 5,183 18.8 -2.5

 Underground............................................ 3 2,826 3 3,175 - -11.0

 Surface..................................................... 16 2,228 13 2,009 23.1 10.9

Mississippi ................................................. 1 3,797 1 3,555 - 6.8

 Surface..................................................... 1 3,797 1 3,555 - 6.8

Missouri ..................................................... 2 394 2 598 - -34.1

 Surface..................................................... 2 394 2 598 - -34.1

Montana..................................................... 6 41,823 6 40,354 - 3.6

 Underground............................................ 1 321 1 162 - 97.8

 Surface..................................................... 5 41,502 5 40,192 - 3.3

New Mexico ............................................... 4 25,913 4 28,519 - -9.1

 Underground............................................ 1 6,993 1 7,905 - -11.5

 Surface..................................................... 3 18,919 3 20,613 - -8.2

North Dakota ............................................ 4 30,411 4 29,956 - 1.5

 Surface..................................................... 4 30,411 4 29,956 - 1.5

Ohio............................................................ 52 22,722 54 24,718 -3.7 -8.1

 Underground............................................ 11 15,126 10 15,823 10.0 -4.4

 Surface..................................................... 41 7,596 44 8,896 -6.8 -14.6

Oklahoma .................................................. 10 1,998 9 1,856 11.1 7.6

 Underground............................................ 2 464 1 465 100.0 -0.3

 Surface..................................................... 8 1,534 8 1,391 - 10.3

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 270 66,029 266 67,494 1.5 -2.2

 Underground............................................ 54 53,801 53 54,563 1.9 -1.4

 Surface..................................................... 216 12,228 213 12,931 1.4 -5.4

 Anthracite................................................. 74 1,529 68 1,645 8.8 -7.1

 Underground............................................ 17 272 14 264 21.4 3.0

 Surface..................................................... 57 1,256 54 1,380 5.6 -9.0

 Bituminous ............................................... 196 64,500 198 65,849 -1.0 -2.0

 Underground............................................ 37 53,529 39 54,298 -5.1 -1.4

 Surface..................................................... 159 10,972 159 11,551 - -5.0

Tennessee................................................... 23 2,804 28 3,217 -17.9 -12.8

 Underground............................................ 10 1,191 13 1,224 -23.1 -2.7

 Surface..................................................... 13 1,613 15 1,993 -13.3 -19.1

Texas .......................................................... 12 45,548 13 45,939 -7.7 -0.9

 Surface..................................................... 12 45,548 13 45,939 -7.7 -0.9

Utah............................................................ 13 26,018 13 24,521 - 6.1

 Underground............................................ 13 26,018 13 24,521 - 6.1

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
12 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2006-2005 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

2006 2005 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

Virginia...................................................... 127 29,740 132 27,743 -3.8 7.2

 Underground............................................ 76 18,681 83 16,386 -8.4 14.0

 Surface..................................................... 51 11,059 49 11,357 4.1 -2.6

Washington ............................................... 1 2,580 1 5,266 - -51.0

 Surface..................................................... 1 2,580 1 5,266 - -51.0

West Virginia Total .................................. 290 152,374 277 153,650 4.7 -0.8

 Underground............................................ 174 84,628 166 91,009 4.8 -7.0

 Surface..................................................... 116 67,746 111 62,641 4.5 8.2

 Northern ................................................... 49 42,398 50 42,628 -2.0 -0.5

 Underground............................................ 29 36,074 29 37,590 - -4.0

 Surface..................................................... 20 6,324 21 5,037 -4.8 25.6

 Southern ................................................... 241 109,976 227 111,022 6.2 -0.9

 Underground............................................ 145 48,554 137 53,419 5.8 -9.1

 Surface..................................................... 96 61,421 90 57,603 6.7 6.6

Wyoming.................................................... 21 446,742 18 404,319 16.7 10.5

 Underground............................................ 1 519 1 410 - 26.6

 Surface..................................................... 20 446,223 17 403,908 17.6 10.5

 

Appalachian Total .................................... 1,254 391,159 1,230 396,666 2.0 -1.4

 Underground............................................ 551 236,303 548 247,528 0.5 -4.5

 Surface..................................................... 703 154,856 682 149,139 3.1 3.8

 Northern ................................................... 390 136,203 386 140,023 1.0 -2.7

 Underground............................................ 97 107,827 95 111,151 2.1 -3.0

 Surface..................................................... 293 28,376 291 28,873 0.7 -1.7

 Central ...................................................... 807 236,127 790 235,297 2.2 0.4

 Underground............................................ 445 117,739 443 123,075 0.5 -4.3

 Surface..................................................... 362 118,388 347 112,222 4.3 5.5

 Southern ................................................... 57 18,830 54 21,347 5.6 -11.8

 Underground............................................ 9 10,737 10 13,303 -10.0 -19.3

 Surface..................................................... 48 8,092 44 8,044 9.1 0.6

Interior Total ............................................ 107 151,389 106 149,165 0.9 1.5

 Underground............................................ 38 62,209 34 59,645 11.8 4.3

 Surface..................................................... 69 89,180 72 89,520 -4.2 -0.4

Illinois Basin Total.................................... 76 95,089 77 92,883 -1.3 2.4

 Underground............................................ 35 61,727 33 59,180 6.1 4.3

 Surface..................................................... 41 33,362 44 33,703 -6.8 -1.0

Western Total............................................ 63 619,449 62 584,970 1.6 5.9

 Underground............................................ 23 60,510 24 61,438 -4.2 -1.5

 Surface..................................................... 40 558,939 38 523,532 5.3 6.8

 Powder River Basin................................. 18 472,202 16 429,996 12.5 9.8

 Underground............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 18 472,202 16 429,996 12.5 9.8

 Uinta Region............................................. 23 61,446 24 62,145 -4.2 -1.1

 Underground............................................ 19 52,189 20 52,495 -5.0 -0.6

 Surface..................................................... 4 9,257 4 9,650 - -4.1

 

East of Miss. River.................................... 1,331 490,046 1,308 493,105 1.8 -0.6

West of Miss. River................................... 93 671,952 90 637,697 3.3 5.4

 

U.S. Subtotal.............................................. 1,424 1,161,997 1,398 1,130,802 1.9 2.8

 

Refuse Recovery........................................ 14 752 17 696 -17.6 8.0

 

U.S. Total................................................... 1,438 1,162,750 1,415 1,131,498 1.6 2.8

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NM = Not meaningful due to changes of 500 percent or more. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 13

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 9 10,737 48 8,092 57 18,830

 Bibb ......................................................... - - 1 19 1 19

 Cullman ................................................... - - 1 634 1 634

 Franklin.................................................... - - 1 190 1 190

 Jackson..................................................... 1 6 3 155 4 161

 Jefferson................................................... 2 2,233 10 1,470 12 3,704

 Marion ..................................................... - - 2 178 2 178

 Shelby ...................................................... 1 82 2 113 3 195

 Tuscaloosa ............................................... 4 8,315 6 1,593 10 9,907

 Walker ..................................................... 1 102 19 3,382 20 3,483

 Winston.................................................... - - 3 359 3 359

Alaska ....................................................... - - 1 1,425 1 1,425

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ....................... - - 1 1,425 1 1,425

Arizona ..................................................... - - 1 8,216 1 8,216

 Navajo...................................................... - - 1 8,216 1 8,216

Arkansas ................................................... 1 18 1 5 2 23

 Sebastian.................................................. 1 18 1 5 2 23

Colorado ................................................... 7 26,659 5 9,663 12 36,322

 Delta......................................................... 1 4,420 - - 1 4,420

 Garfield.................................................... 1 263 - - 1 263

 Gunnison.................................................. 2 11,140 - - 2 11,140

 La Plata.................................................... 1 488 - - 1 488

 Moffat ...................................................... - - 3 9,200 3 9,200

 Montrose.................................................. - - 1 406 1 406

 Rio Blanco............................................... 1 1,713 - - 1 1,713

 Routt ........................................................ 1 8,636 1 57 2 8,693

Illinois ....................................................... 15 27,120 7 5,609 22 32,729

 Gallatin .................................................... - - 1 2,046 1 2,046

 Jackson..................................................... - - 2 1,811 2 1,811

 Macoupin................................................. 3 5,682 - - 3 5,682

 Perry......................................................... 1 65 3 1,412 4 1,477

 Randolph.................................................. 1 2,439 - - 1 2,439

 Saline ....................................................... 4 11,646 - - 4 11,646

 Sangamon ................................................ 1 2,085 - - 1 2,085

 Vermilion................................................. 2 1,428 - - 2 1,428

 Wabash .................................................... 1 1,175 1 339 2 1,515

 White ....................................................... 1 2,505 - - 1 2,505

 Williamson .............................................. 1 94 - - 1 94

Indiana ...................................................... 7 10,736 21 24,383 28 35,119

 Clay.......................................................... 1 92 1 280 2 373

 Daviess..................................................... - - 2 3,305 2 3,305

 Dubois...................................................... - - 1 80 1 80

 Gibson...................................................... 3 5,192 4 9,939 7 15,132

 Knox ........................................................ 2 2,662 4 2,827 6 5,489

 Pike .......................................................... 1 2,789 4 2,331 5 5,121

 Sullivan.................................................... - - 1 28 1 28

 Vigo ......................................................... - - 2 4,366 2 4,366

 Warrick .................................................... - - 2 1,226 2 1,226

Kansas ....................................................... - - 2 426 2 426

 Bourbon ................................................... - - 1 254 1 254

 Linn.......................................................... - - 1 172 1 172

Kentucky ................................................... 227 73,182 215 47,666 442 120,848

 Bell........................................................... 6 1,112 13 1,392 19 2,503

 Breathitt ................................................... 2 731 7 1,781 9 2,512

 Christian................................................... - - 1 7 1 7

 Clay.......................................................... 1 57 3 30 4 87

 Elliott ....................................................... - - 1 9 1 9

 Floyd........................................................ 27 1,444 9 1,770 36 3,214

 Harlan ...................................................... 35 8,278 17 2,801 52 11,079

 Henderson................................................ 1 1,314 2 1,359 3 2,673

 Hopkins.................................................... 5 6,583 3 99 8 6,682

 Jackson..................................................... - - 4 61 4 61

 Johnson .................................................... 1 77 5 303 6 380

 Knott ........................................................ 22 5,442 13 3,037 35 8,479

 Knox ........................................................ 7 132 6 766 13 897

 Laurel....................................................... - - 1 135 1 135

 Lawrence ................................................. 2 259 12 1,727 14 1,986

 Lee ........................................................... - - 1 24 1 24

 Leslie ....................................................... 5 3,118 7 2,015 12 5,133

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
14 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2006 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Letcher..................................................... 22 5,723 15 2,042 37 7,765

 Magoffin .................................................. - - 4 2,093 4 2,093

 Martin ...................................................... 9 4,182 3 1,171 12 5,354

 Morgan..................................................... 1 s 3 123 4 124

 Muhlenberg.............................................. 1 2,342 6 1,881 7 4,223

 Ohio ......................................................... 1 1,284 - - 1 1,284

 Owsley..................................................... - - 2 62 2 62

 Perry......................................................... 9 4,144 24 11,475 33 15,620

 Pike .......................................................... 63 14,503 50 11,269 113 25,773

 Rockcastle................................................ - - 1 61 1 61

 Union ....................................................... 2 4,851 1 24 3 4,875

 Webster.................................................... 3 7,496 - - 3 7,496

 Whitley .................................................... 2 108 1 149 3 256

Louisiana .................................................. - - 2 4,114 2 4,114

 De Soto .................................................... - - 1 3,331 1 3,331

 Red River................................................. - - 1 783 1 783

Maryland .................................................. 3 2,826 16 2,228 19 5,054

 Allegany................................................... 1 153 11 1,318 12 1,472

 Garrett...................................................... 2 2,673 5 909 7 3,582

Mississippi ................................................ - - 1 3,797 1 3,797

 Choctaw................................................... - - 1 3,797 1 3,797

Missouri .................................................... - - 2 394 2 394

 Bates ........................................................ - - 2 394 2 394

Montana .................................................... 1 321 5 41,502 6 41,823

 Big Horn .................................................. - - 3 28,392 3 28,392

 Musselshell.............................................. 1 321 - - 1 321

 Richland................................................... - - 1 378 1 378

 Rosebud ................................................... - - 1 12,732 1 12,732

New Mexico .............................................. 1 6,993 3 18,919 4 25,913

 Mckinley.................................................. - - 2 10,481 2 10,481

 San Juan................................................... 1 6,993 1 8,439 2 15,432

North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 30,411 4 30,411

 Mclean ..................................................... - - 1 8,155 1 8,155

 Mercer...................................................... - - 2 17,953 2 17,953

 Oliver....................................................... - - 1 4,303 1 4,303

Ohio ........................................................... 11 15,126 41 7,596 52 22,722

 Athens...................................................... 1 800 - - 1 800

 Belmont ................................................... 1 4,370 4 1,370 5 5,740

 Carroll...................................................... 1 269 2 237 3 506

 Columbiana.............................................. - - 4 442 4 442

 Coshocton................................................ - - 2 211 2 211

 Harrison ................................................... 2 1,646 8 1,587 10 3,233

 Jackson..................................................... - - 1 444 1 444

 Jefferson................................................... 3 787 5 189 8 975

 Mahoning................................................. - - 2 8 2 8

 Monroe..................................................... 1 6,451 - - 1 6,451

 Muskingum.............................................. - - 1 169 1 169

 Noble ....................................................... - - 2 571 2 571

 Perry......................................................... 1 355 2 549 3 904

 Stark......................................................... - - 3 179 3 179

 Tuscarawas .............................................. 1 448 4 1,107 5 1,555

 Vinton ...................................................... - - 1 533 1 533

Oklahoma ................................................. 2 464 8 1,534 10 1,998

 Craig ........................................................ - - 1 368 1 368

 Haskell..................................................... - - 1 351 1 351

 Le Flore.................................................... 2 464 4 595 6 1,059

 Nowata..................................................... - - 1 217 1 217

 Okmulgee................................................. - - 1 4 1 4

Pennsylvania ............................................ 54 53,801 216 12,228 270 66,029

 Allegheny................................................. - - 3 134 3 134

 Armstrong................................................ 11 3,823 13 948 24 4,772

 Beaver...................................................... 1 296 - - 1 296

 Bedford .................................................... - - 1 12 1 12

 Butler....................................................... - - 6 484 6 484

 Cambria ................................................... 2 893 9 470 11 1,362

 Cameron................................................... - - 1 25 1 25

 Centre....................................................... - - 1 21 1 21

 Clarion ..................................................... - - 3 347 3 347

 Clearfield ................................................. 2 871 42 2,901 44 3,773

 Columbia ................................................. - - 4 425 4 425

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 15

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2006 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Dauphin ................................................... 2 4 - - 2 4

 Elk............................................................ 1 418 7 398 8 816

 Fayette ..................................................... - - 12 574 12 574

 Greene...................................................... 8 39,91319 939,923

 Indiana ..................................................... 5 2,064 19 903 24 2,967

 Jefferson................................................... 1 185 10 415 11 600

 Lackawanna............................................. - - 2 27 2 27

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 2 19 2 19

 Luzerne .................................................... - - 7 139 7 139

 Lycoming................................................. - - 1 224 1 224

 Mercer...................................................... - - 1 96 1 96

 Northumberland....................................... 4 185 7 106 11 291

 Schuylkill................................................. 11 84 37 559 48 643

 Somerset .................................................. 5 1,560 17 2,600 22 4,160

 Venango................................................... - - 2 3 2 3

 Washington.............................................. 1 3,505 3 278 4 3,783

 Westmoreland.......................................... - - 5 111 5 111

Tennessee .................................................. 10 1,191 13 1,613 23 2,804

 Anderson.................................................. 1 27 2 72 3 98

 Campbell.................................................. 4 486 2 305 6 791

 Claiborne ................................................. 4 666 8 1,236 12 1,902

 Cumberland ............................................. 1 13 - - 1 13

 Morgan..................................................... - - 1 1 1 1

Texas ......................................................... - - 12 45,548 12 45,548

 Atascosa................................................... - - 1 3,637 1 3,637

 Bastrop..................................................... - - 1 6,725 1 6,725

 Freestone.................................................. - - 1 4,462 1 4,462

 Harrison ................................................... - - 1 3,973 1 3,973

 Hopkins.................................................... - - 1 2,535 1 2,535

 Leon......................................................... - - 1 6,782 1 6,782

 Panola ...................................................... - - 2 7,193 2 7,193

 Robertson................................................. - - 1 1,788 1 1,788

 Rusk......................................................... - - 1 4,844 1 4,844

 Titus......................................................... - - 2 3,609 2 3,609

Utah ........................................................... 13 26,018 - - 13 26,018

 Carbon ..................................................... 6 11,409 - - 6 11,409

 Emery....................................................... 6 6,701 - - 6 6,701

 Sevier....................................................... 1 7,908 - - 1 7,908

Virginia ..................................................... 76 18,681 51 11,059 127 29,740

 Buchanan ................................................. 23 7,149 15 3,032 38 10,181

 Dickenson ................................................ 12 2,054 4 529 16 2,583

 Lee ........................................................... 2 560 2 310 4 870

 Russell ..................................................... 5 388 3 593 8 981

 Tazewell................................................... 5 1,214 2 136 7 1,350

 Wise......................................................... 29 7,317 25 6,459 54 13,776

Washington .............................................. - - 1 2,580 1 2,580

 Lewis ....................................................... - - 1 2,580 1 2,580

West Virginia ........................................... 174 84,628 116 67,746 290 152,374

 Barbour.................................................... 6 748 4 631 10 1,379

 Boone....................................................... 28 13,393 18 17,335 46 30,728

 Brooke ..................................................... - - 1 418 1 418

 Clay.......................................................... 1 142 1 3,883 2 4,025

 Fayette ..................................................... 7 1,655 12 2,911 19 4,567

 Grant ........................................................ 3 173 1 33 4 206

 Greenbrier................................................ 5 411 - - 5 411

 Harrison ................................................... 3 6,276 4 117 7 6,393

 Kanawha .................................................. 12 7,052 8 5,597 20 12,648

 Lincoln..................................................... 3 1,175 - - 3 1,175

 Logan....................................................... 10 2,326 11 10,339 21 12,665

 Marion ..................................................... 1 6,383 3 58 4 6,441

 Marshall................................................... 2 11,442 - - 2 11,442

 Mason ...................................................... 1 15 - - 1 15

 Mcdowell................................................. 32 2,851 13 2,682 45 5,533

 Mercer...................................................... - - 1 13 1 13

 Mineral..................................................... - - 1 48 1 48

 Mingo....................................................... 15 6,235 13 9,339 28 15,574

 Monongalia.............................................. 3 5,680 3 702 6 6,382

 Nicholas................................................... 4 819 8 3,164 12 3,982

 Preston ..................................................... 1 1,37714 21,381

 Raleigh..................................................... 13 5,159 3 2,870 16 8,029

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
16 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2006 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

 Randolph.................................................. 2 1,265 - - 2 1,265

 Tucker...................................................... 1 561 - - 1 561

 Upshur ..................................................... 3 673 - - 3 673

 Wayne...................................................... 3 3,672 2 1,179 5 4,851

 Webster.................................................... 4 1,495 2 4,314 6 5,809

 Wyoming ................................................. 11 3,649 6 2,109 17 5,758

Wyoming ................................................... 1 519 20 446,223 21 446,742

 Campbell.................................................. - - 13 397,199 13 397,199

 Carbon ..................................................... - - 1 28 1 28

 Converse .................................................. - - 1 33,879 1 33,879

 Hot Springs.............................................. - - 1 1 1 1

 Lincoln..................................................... - - 1 4,565 1 4,565

 Sweetwater .............................................. 1 519 3 10,551 4 11,070

 

U.S. Subtotal.............................................. 612 359,022 812 802,976 1,424 1,161,997

 

Refuse Recovery........................................ - - - - 14 752

 

U.S. Total................................................... 612 359,022 812 802,976 1,438 1,162,750

 s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 17

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama.................................................... 183 6 10,548 10,737

Arkansas ................................................... 18 - - 18

Colorado ................................................... 751 - 25,908 26,659

Illinois....................................................... 17,139 - 9,981 27,120

Indiana ...................................................... 10,736 - - 10,736

Kentucky Total ......................................... 70,839 1,028 1,315 73,182

 Eastern .................................................... 47,038 959 1,315 49,312

 Western................................................... 23,801 70 - 23,870

Maryland................................................... 511 - 2,316 2,826

Montana.................................................... 321 - - 321

New Mexico ............................................. - -6,993 6,993

Ohio .......................................................... 2,659 1,646 10,821 15,126

Oklahoma.................................................. 464 - - 464

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 10,842 99 42,860 53,801

 Anthracite ............................................... 173 99 - 272

 Bituminous ............................................. 10,669 - 42,860 53,529

Tennessee.................................................. 1,186 5 - 1,191

Utah .......................................................... 1,397 8 24,613 26,018

Virginia..................................................... 13,353 34 5,294 18,681

West Virginia Total .................................. 44,115 698 39,814 84,628

 Northern.................................................. 7,318 7 28,748 36,074

 Southern.................................................. 36,797 691 11,066 48,554

Wyoming .................................................. 519 - - 519

Appalachian Total .................................. 119,888 3,447 112,968 236,303

 Northern................................................. 21,330 1,752 84,745 107,827

 Central ................................................... 98,375 1,688 17,675 117,739

 Southern................................................. 183 6 10,548 10,737

Interior Total .......................................... 52,158 70 9,981 62,209

 Illinois Basin.......................................... 51,676 70 9,981 61,727

Western Total.......................................... 2,988 8 57,514 60,510

 Powder River Basin............................... --- -

 Uinta Region.......................................... 1,659 8 50,521 52,189

East of Miss. River.................................. 171,564 3,517 122,949 298,030

West of Miss. River................................. 3,469 8 57,514 60,992

U.S. Total................................................. 175,034 3,525 180,463 359,022 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining methods, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7................................................................. - 38 38

7-12............................................................... - 3,107 3,107

13-18............................................................. 180 6,576 6,756

19-24............................................................. 824 15,187 16,011

25-30............................................................. 5,528 22,915 28,442

31-36............................................................. 17,250 29,636 46,886

37-42............................................................. 29,966 18,074 48,040

43-48............................................................. 37,986 24,031 62,017

49-54............................................................. 27,459 19,591 47,050

55-60............................................................. 38,365 25,322 63,687

61-66............................................................. 34,773 12,789 47,562

67-72............................................................. 61,717 22,212 83,930

73-78............................................................. 7,041 8,972 16,013

79-84............................................................. 19,961 6,339 26,300

85-90............................................................. 8,140 6,113 14,253

91-96............................................................. 11,976 6,687 18,663

97-102........................................................... 13,576 6,575 20,151

103-108......................................................... 5,319 9,281 14,600

109-114......................................................... 6,545 5,955 12,500

115-120......................................................... 374 8,792 9,167

> 120............................................................. 31,808 544,102 575,909

Unknown1

.................................................... 235 680 1,668

U.S. Total..................................................... 359,022 802,976 1,162,750 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 19

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2006 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number (inches) 1

Coalbed Name 

Underground Surface Total Average2 Low High 

1699 Wyodak................................................ - 381,090 381,090 781 90 900

0036 Pittsburgh............................................. 82,493 4,616 87,109 72 20 108

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 41,825 9,757 51,582 62 24 77

0111 Coalburg .............................................. 7,253 25,936 33,190 75 9 169

1697 Canyon................................................. - 31,683 31,683 632 415 804

1569 Beulah-Zap .......................................... - 28,389 28,389 183 144 210

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 16,249 7,519 23,768 51 12 150

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6).......................... 15,802 4,191 19,993 71 46 96

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 19,331 19,331 886 660 960

0084 Lower Kittanning................................. 8,304 10,595 18,899 49 12 94

1787 Roland.................................................. - 18,306 18,306 516 382 660

1808 Rosebud ............................................... - 16,544 16,544 262 216 276

0135 Hazard No. 4........................................ 7,364 5,979 13,343 59 12 138

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................... 10,499 2,725 13,224 52 11 84

0103 Stockton-Lewiston............................... 3,886 8,719 12,605 65 12 99

1753 Somerset B........................................... 11,844 - 11,844 174 102 240

1488 Fruitland No. 8..................................... 6,993 3,797 10,791 167 126 195

0071 Upper Freeport..................................... 6,382 3,185 9,567 54 20 84

0121 Winifrede............................................. 4,245 5,284 9,529 60 10 120

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................. 9,378 36 9,414 58 30 68

0176 Eagle .................................................... 7,686 1,425 9,112 45 11 108

0480 No. 7 .................................................... 2,658 6,270 8,927 43 24 72

0280 Blue Creek........................................... 7,604 1,132 8,736 55 8 200

1750 Wadge.................................................. 8,636 18 8,654 100 100 120

0080 Middle Kittanning ............................... 2,643 5,568 8,211 53 9 96

Major Coalbeds Total .................................. 261,744 602,095 863,839 439 8960

 

Other Coalbeds ............................................. 97,042 200,200 297,243 81 4 368

 

Unknown3

...................................................... 235 680 1,668 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 359,022 802,976 1,162,750 347 4 960 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name 

discussion in note below. 2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes: • Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.2 million short tons 

were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the 

geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and 

even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.2 million short tons. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that 

coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbed are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Colorado (1750 and 1753); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0480); Eastern Kentucky 

(0135, 0151, and 0168); Western Kentucky (0489); Montana (1696 and 1808); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); Ohio (0080); Pennsylvania (0036 and 0071); Virginia 

(0344); West Virginia (0080, 0084, 0103, 0111, 0121, and 0176); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the 

following alternative coalbed names are also used: 0084, No 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Hazard No 5A (Eastern Kentucky); 0121, Hazard No. 5 (Eastern Kentucky); 

Quakertown (Pennsylvania); 0135, Windrock (Tennessee); Phillips (Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0168, No 2 Gas 

(West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
20 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama......................................... 57 18,830 - - - - - - 57 18,830

Alaska ............................................ - - 1 1,425 - - - - 1 1,425

Arizona .......................................... 1 8,216 ----- - 18,216

Arkansas ........................................ 2 23 - - - - - - 2 23

Colorado ........................................ 9 27,122 3 9,200 - - - - 12 36,322

Illinois............................................ 22 32,729 - - - - - - 22 32,729

Indiana ........................................... 28 35,119 - - - - - - 28 35,119

Kansas............................................ 2 426 - - - - - - 2 426

Kentucky Total .............................. 442 120,848 - - - - - - 442 120,848

 Eastern ......................................... 416 93,607 ----- - 416 93,607

 Western........................................ 26 27,241 - - - - - - 26 27,241

Louisiana ....................................... - - - - 2 4,114 - - 2 4,114

Maryland........................................ 19 5,054 ----- - 19 5,054

Mississippi..................................... - - - - 1 3,797 - - 1 3,797

Missouri......................................... 2 394 - - - - - - 2 394

Montana......................................... - - 5 41,445 1 378 - - 6 41,823

New Mexico2................................. 2 11,971 2 13,941--- - 425,913

North Dakota ................................. - - - - 4 30,411 - - 4 30,411

Ohio ............................................... 52 22,722 - - - - - - 52 22,722

Oklahoma....................................... 10 1,998 ----- - 10 1,998

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 196 64,500 - - - - 74 1,529 270 66,029

 Anthracite .................................... - - - - - - 74 1,529 74 1,529

 Bituminous .................................. 196 64,500 ----- - 196 64,500

Tennessee....................................... 23 2,804 ----- - 23 2,804

Texas.............................................. - - - - 12 45,548 - - 12 45,548

Utah ............................................... 13 26,018 - - - - - - 13 26,018

Virginia.......................................... 127 29,740 ----- - 127 29,740

Washington.................................... - - 1 2,580 - - - - 1 2,580

West Virginia Total ....................... 290 152,374 - - - - - - 290 152,374

 Northern....................................... 49 42,398 - - - - - - 49 42,398

 Southern....................................... 241 109,976 - - - - - - 241 109,976

Wyoming ....................................... - - 21 446,742 - - - - 21 446,742

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 1,180 389,631 - - - - 74 1,529 1,254 391,159

 Northern...................................... 316 134,674 - - - - 74 1,529 390 136,203

 Central ........................................ 807 236,127 - - - - - - 807 236,127

 Southern...................................... 57 18,830 - - - - - - 57 18,830

Interior Total ............................... 92 97,930 - - 15 53,459 - - 107 151,389

 Illinois Basin............................... 76 95,089 - - - - - - 76 95,089

Western Total............................... 26 73,328 32 515,332 5 30,789 - - 63 619,449

 Powder River Basin.................... - - 18 472,202 - - - - 18 472,202

 Uinta Region............................... 20 52,246 3 9,200 - - - - 23 61,446

 

East of Miss. River....................... 1,256 484,720 - - 1 3,797 74 1,529 1,331 490,046

West of Miss. River...................... 42 76,169 32 515,332 19 80,451 - - 93 671,952

 

 

U.S. Subtotal................................. 1,298 560,889 32 515,332 20 84,248 74 1,529 1,424 1,161,997

 

Refuse Recovery........................... 12 743 - - - - 2 9 14 752

 

U.S. Total...................................... 1,310 561,632 32 515,332 20 84,248 76 1,538 1,438 1,162,750 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, 

but is not double counted in the total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 21

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama...................................................... 10,548 53 183 8,016 10,732 8,069

Alaska ......................................................... - 1,425 - - - 1,425

Arizona ....................................................... - 8,216 - - - 8,216

Arkansas ..................................................... - - 18 - 18 -

Colorado ..................................................... 1,713 2,543 24,947 7,119 26,659 9,663

Illinois......................................................... 10,795 - 16,325 5,609 27,120 5,609

Indiana ........................................................ - - 10,736 24,375 10,736 24,375

Kansas......................................................... - - - 426 - 426

Kentucky Total ........................................... 5,484 1,021 67,596 46,474 73,080 47,495

 Eastern ...................................................... 636 1,021 48,573 43,122 49,209 44,143

 Western..................................................... 4,848 - 19,022 3,352 23,870 3,352

Louisiana .................................................... - - - 4,114 - 4,114

Maryland..................................................... - - 2,826 2,201 2,826 2,201

Mississippi.................................................. - - - 3,797 - 3,797

Missouri...................................................... - - - 394 - 394

Montana...................................................... - 26,961 321 14,541 321 41,502

New Mexico ............................................... 6,993 13,417 - 5,503 6,993 18,919

North Dakota .............................................. - 7,013 - 23,398 - 30,411

Ohio ............................................................ 4,370 123 10,756 7,444 15,126 7,567

Oklahoma.................................................... - - 464 1,530 464 1,530

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 21,982 555 31,785 11,353 53,767 11,908

 Anthracite ................................................. - 230 239 902 239 1,132

 Bituminous ............................................... 21,982 325 31,547 10,450 53,529 10,776

Tennessee.................................................... - - 1,186 1,608 1,186 1,608

Texas........................................................... - 29,368 - 16,180 - 45,548

Utah ............................................................ 5,337 - 20,672 - 26,009 -

Virginia....................................................... 1,877 519 16,770 10,509 18,647 11,028

Washington................................................. - 2,580 - - - 2,580

West Virginia Total .................................... 37,558 9,068 47,024 58,621 84,582 67,689

 Northern.................................................... 28,188 - 7,879 6,286 36,066 6,286

 Southern.................................................... 9,370 9,068 39,146 52,335 48,516 61,404

Wyoming .................................................... 519 9,980 - 436,242 519 446,222

 

Appalachian Total .................................... 76,972 11,340 159,105 142,873 236,076 154,213

 Northern................................................... 54,540 678 53,246 27,283 107,786 27,961

 Central ..................................................... 11,884 10,608 105,675 107,574 117,559 118,182

 Southern................................................... 10,548 53 183 8,016 10,732 8,069

Interior Total ............................................ 15,643 29,368 46,566 59,777 62,209 89,145

 Illinois Basin............................................ 15,643 - 46,084 33,335 61,727 33,335

Western Total............................................ 14,562 72,134 45,939 486,804 60,502 558,938

 Powder River Basin................................. - 26,583 - 445,619 - 472,202

 Uinta Region............................................ 7,050 2,138 45,130 7,119 52,180 9,257

 

East of Miss. River.................................... 92,615 11,340 205,189 180,006 297,804 191,346

West of Miss. River................................... 14,562 101,502 46,421 509,448 60,983 610,950

 

Unknown2

.................................................. - - - - 235 680

 

U.S. Total................................................... 107,177 112,842 251,610 689,454 359,022 802,976 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
22 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions 2 Total 

Alabama........................................................ 18,678 - 18,678

Alaska ........................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Arkansas ....................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... 34,130 2,008 36,138

Illinois........................................................... 29,259 2,584 31,844

Indiana .......................................................... 27,606 7,077 34,683

Kansas........................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total ............................................. 115,124 3,082 118,205

 Eastern ........................................................ 88,269 2,810 91,079

 Western....................................................... 26,855 272 27,127

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland....................................................... 4,557 - 4,557

Mississippi.................................................... W - W

Missouri........................................................ W - W

Montana........................................................ W W 42,072

New Mexico ................................................. W W 26,452

North Dakota ................................................ W W 30,371

Ohio .............................................................. 21,026 1,187 22,213

Oklahoma...................................................... W W 2,036

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 63,690 2,823 66,512

 Anthracite ................................................... W W 1,364

 Bituminous ................................................. W W 65,148

Tennessee...................................................... 2,800 - 2,800

Texas............................................................. W W 44,707

Utah .............................................................. 12,735 12,016 24,751

Virginia......................................................... 20,823 8,307 29,130

Washington................................................... - W W

West Virginia Total ...................................... 136,560 16,737 153,297

 Northern...................................................... 37,801 4,147 41,948

 Southern...................................................... 98,759 12,590 111,349

Wyoming ...................................................... 372,112 72,983 445,095

U.S. Total3 ................................................... 978,665 175,406 1,154,071 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 23

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2006 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 92,653,250

2 North Antelope Rochelle Mine/Powder River Coal, LLC Surface Wyoming 88,527,969

3 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Company Surface Wyoming 40,000,376

4 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Company Surface Wyoming 39,747,620

5 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Company Surface Wyoming 33,879,292

6 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 32,775,697

7 Eagle Butte Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorporated Surface Wyoming 25,355,158

8 Belle Ayr Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorporated Surface Wyoming 24,593,035

9 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Company Surface Wyoming 22,768,303

10 Rawhide Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 17,032,317

11 Freedom Mine/Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 15,243,391

12 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Company Surface Montana 14,541,054

13 Rosebud Mine & Crusher/Conveyor/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 12,731,701

14 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 10,703,230

15 McElroy Mine/McElroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 10,477,398

16 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 10,174,574

17 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 8,635,561

18 Navajo Mine/BHP Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 8,438,711

19 Kayenta Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 8,216,255

20 Falkirk Mine/Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 8,155,004

21 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 7,907,935

22 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 7,515,984

23 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 7,214,080

24 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Company Surface Montana 7,044,226

25 San Juan South/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 6,993,143

26 Absaloka Mine/Washington Group International Surface Montana 6,806,854

27 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 6,781,523

28 Three Oaks/Alcoa Incorporated Surface Texas 6,724,731

29 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 6,450,932

30 Loveridge No 22/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,383,219

31 Colowyo Mine/Colowyo Coal Company L P Surface Colorado 6,222,002

32 Beckville Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 6,103,037

33 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company, L.L.C. Underground Colorado 6,011,620

34 Emerald Mine No. 1/Emerald Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 5,922,161

35 Dry Fork Mine/Dry Fork Coal Company Surface Wyoming 5,860,998

36 Robinson Run No 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 5,740,172

37 Lee Ranch Coal Company/Lee Ranch Coal Co. Div. Peabody Surface New Mexico 5,502,565

38 Jim Bridger Mine/Bridger Coal Company Surface Wyoming 5,414,423

39 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Mining, LLC Underground Colorado 5,128,389

40 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 5,039,423

41 Buchanan Mine #1/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Virginia 5,008,813

42 McKinley/The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface New Mexico 4,978,104

43 Oak Hill Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,843,839

44 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,733,296

45 Wyodak/Wyodak Resources Development Co Surface Wyoming 4,698,473

46 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Corp Underground West Virginia 4,621,992

47 Kemmerer Mine/The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface Wyoming 4,565,158

48 Twilight MTR Surface Mine/Progress Coal Surface West Virginia 4,493,422

49 Cardinal/Warrior Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,487,614

50 Big Brown Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,462,066

51 Bowie No 2 Mine/Bowie Resources LLC Underground Colorado 4,420,073

52 Dugout Canyon Mine/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 4,387,000

53 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 4,370,226

54 Center Mine/BNI Coal Ltd Surface North Dakota 4,302,567

 

 Subtotal 715,789,956

 All Other Mines 446,959,703

 

 U.S. Total 1,162,749,659 

 Note: • Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2006. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
24 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2006 

Rank Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Coal Co. 207,978 17.9

2 Rio Tinto Energy America, Inc. 134,390 11.6

3 Arch Coal, Inc. 129,458 11.1

4 Foundation Coal Corp. 69,280 6.0

5 CONSOL Energy, Inc. 63,243 5.4

6 A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. 38,318 3.3

7 North American Coal Corp. 31,168 2.7

8 Westmoreland Coal Co. 29,408 2.5

9 Alliance Coal, LLC 23,233 2.0

10 Peter Kiewit Sons, Inc. 22,732 2.0

11 TXU Corp. 22,656 1.9

12 Robert Murray 20,426 1.8

13 International Coal Group, Inc. 19,486 1.7

14 BHP Minerals Group 18,508 1.6

15 Alpha Natural Resources, LLC 18,356 1.6

16 Magnum Coal Co. 11,260 1.0

17 James River Coal Co. 11,237 1.0

18 Energy Coal Resources, Inc. 10,002 0.9

19 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co. 9,543 0.8

20 PacifiCorp 9,162 0.8

21 Peter Kiewit/Kennecott 7,044 0.6

22 Alcoa, Inc. 6,725 0.6

23 Andalex Resources, Inc. 6,482 0.6

24 Western Fuels Association, Inc. 5,861 0.5

25 TECO Energy, Inc. 5,736 0.5

26 Wexford Capital LLC 5,358 0.5

27 Oxbow Carbon & Minerals, Inc. 5,128 0.4

 

 Subtotal 942,178 81.0

 All Other Coal Producers 220,572 19.0

 

 U.S. Total 1,162,750 100.0 

 Note: • Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2006. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company 

"controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source: • COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and 

Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 25

Productive Capacity 
26 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2006, 2005 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

2006 2005 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 16,540 9,888 26,428 15,139 10,165 25,304 9.3 -2.7 4.4

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ....................................... W - W -- - W - W

Colorado ....................................... 32,836 11,099 43,935 32,622 10,503 43,125 0.7 5.7 1.9

Illinois........................................... 35,560 7,914 43,473 32,666 7,495 40,162 8.9 5.6 8.2

Indiana .......................................... 12,122 27,821 39,944 11,837 27,253 39,089 2.4 2.1 2.2

Kansas........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................. 91,205 59,327 150,533 92,065 57,460 149,525 -0.9 3.2 0.7

 Eastern ........................................ 63,278 54,664 117,942 66,372 51,807 118,179 -4.7 5.5 -0.2

 Western....................................... 27,928 4,663 32,591 25,693 5,653 31,346 8.7 -17.5 4.0

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland....................................... W W 5,891 W W 5,702 W W 3.3

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 45,546 W W 47,003 W W -3.1

New Mexico ................................. W W 29,400 W W 29,503 W W -0.4

North Dakota ................................ - 32,900 32,900 - 33,500 33,500 - -1.8 -1.8

Ohio .............................................. 17,810 16,667 34,477 16,760 17,454 34,214 6.3 -4.5 0.8

Oklahoma...................................... W W 3,386 W W 2,294 W W 47.6

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 59,830 16,143 75,973 62,418 17,428 79,846 -4.1 -7.4 -4.9

 Anthracite ................................... 279 2,017 2,295 258 2,636 2,894 7.9 -23.5 -20.7

 Bituminous ................................. 59,551 14,126 73,678 62,160 14,792 76,952 -4.2 -4.5 -4.3

Tennessee...................................... 1,738 2,109 3,846 1,747 2,610 4,357 -0.5 -19.2 -11.7

Texas............................................. - 46,253 46,253 - 49,493 49,493 - -6.5 -6.5

Utah .............................................. 29,530 - 29,530 27,383 - 27,383 7.8 - 7.8

Virginia......................................... 20,716 11,784 32,500 23,661 15,970 39,631 -12.4 -26.2 -18.0

Washington................................... - W W - W W - W W

West Virginia Total ...................... 117,465 86,432 203,897 121,396 82,404 203,800 -3.2 4.9 *

 Northern...................................... 39,587 6,394 45,982 41,205 6,804 48,010 -3.9 -6.0 -4.2

 Southern...................................... 77,878 80,037 157,915 80,190 75,600 155,790 -2.9 5.9 1.4

Wyoming ...................................... W W 519,749 W W 488,378 W W 6.4

 

U.S. Total...................................... 448,895 941,432 1,390,327 450,310 922,947 1,373,258 -0.3 2.0 1.2 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 27

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2006, 2005 

 (Percent) 

2006 2005 Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama.......................................................... 64.88 81.61 71.14 87.78 78.97 84.24

Alaska ............................................................. - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Arkansas ......................................................... W - W - --

Colorado ......................................................... 81.19 87.06 82.67 87.18 95.88 89.30

Illinois............................................................. 76.27 70.87 75.28 80.64 75.66 79.71

Indiana ............................................................ 88.57 87.61 87.90 94.53 85.38 88.15

Kansas............................................................. - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................................... 80.13 80.06 80.10 79.97 79.92 79.95

 Eastern ......................................................... 77.77 80.75 79.15 78.31 79.46 78.82

 Western........................................................ 85.47 71.88 83.53 84.26 84.14 84.24

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland......................................................... W W 85.34 W W 90.72

Mississippi...................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri.......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana.......................................................... W W 91.83 W W 85.85

New Mexico ................................................... W W 88.14 W W 96.66

North Dakota .................................................. - 92.43 92.43 - 89.42 89.42

Ohio ................................................................ 84.93 45.40 65.82 94.41 50.72 72.12

Oklahoma........................................................ W W 58.90 W W 80.59

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 89.87 73.76 86.45 87.37 72.56 84.14

 Anthracite .................................................... 85.62 56.14 59.72 94.47 49.17 53.21

 Bituminous .................................................. 89.89 76.28 87.28 87.34 76.72 85.30

Tennessee........................................................ 68.26 76.24 72.64 68.93 75.95 73.13

Texas............................................................... - 98.47 98.47 - 92.82 92.82

Utah ................................................................ 88.08 - 88.08 89.55 - 89.55

Virginia........................................................... 90.02 93.58 91.31 69.03 70.95 69.81

Washington..................................................... - W W - W W

West Virginia Total ........................................ 72.01 78.32 74.68 74.94 75.98 75.36

 Northern....................................................... 91.11 98.30 92.11 91.23 73.89 88.77

 Southern....................................................... 62.30 76.72 69.61 66.57 76.17 71.23

Wyoming ........................................................ W W 85.95 W W 82.79

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 79.93 85.22 83.51 81.81 82.52 82.29 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
28 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining 

Method, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W 16,540 64.88

Arkansas ........................................ W W ---- W W

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W 32,836 81.19

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W 35,560 76.27

Indiana ........................................... 12,122 88.57 - - - -12,122 88.57

Kentucky Total .............................. 87,421 W W 82.25 W W 91,205 80.13

 Eastern ......................................... W W W W W W 63,278 77.77

 Western........................................ W W W W - -27,928 85.47

Maryland........................................ W W -- W W W W

Montana......................................... W W ---- W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W W W

Ohio ............................................... 3,060 86.90 W W W W 17,810 84.93

Oklahoma....................................... W W ---- W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 14,558 74.48 W W W W 59,830 89.87

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - 279 85.62

 Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W 59,551 89.89

Tennessee....................................... 1,738 68.26 - - - -1,738 68.26

Utah ............................................... 2,005 69.67 - - 27,525 89.42 29,530 88.08

Virginia.......................................... W W -- W W 20,716 90.02

West Virginia Total ....................... 66,866 65.98 653 99.98 49,946 79.71 117,465 72.01

 Northern....................................... 10,312 70.96 - - 29,275 98.20 39,587 91.11

 Southern....................................... 56,554 65.07 653 99.98 20,671 53.53 77,878 62.30

Wyoming ....................................... W W ---- W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 231,780 75.52 4,134 79.59 212,981 84.73 448,895 79.93 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive 

capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 29

Recoverable Reserves 
30 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2006, 2005 

 (Million Short Tons) 

2006 2005 Coal-Producing 

State Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Alabama................................................ 336 59.60 355 59.47 -5.5

Alaska ................................................... W W W W W

Arizona ................................................. W W W W W

Arkansas ............................................... W W - - -

Colorado ............................................... 335 70.36 382 66.88 -12.3

Illinois................................................... 1,294 61.38 747 59.32 73.2

Indiana .................................................. 384 69.10 382 67.55 0.6

Kansas................................................... W W W W W

Kentucky Total ..................................... 1,134 54.76 1,169 55.26 -3.1

 Eastern ................................................ 703 54.65 784 55.92 -10.4

 Western............................................... 431 54.94 385 53.94 11.8

Louisiana .............................................. W W W W W

Maryland............................................... 28 60.48 35 60.08 -21.2

Mississippi............................................ W W W W W

Missouri................................................ W W W W W

Montana................................................ 1,211 87.33 1,234 90.94 -1.9

New Mexico ......................................... 504 90.56 526 89.12 -4.3

North Dakota ........................................ 1,145 90.16 1,214 89.20 -5.7

Ohio ...................................................... 291 73.10 371 73.55 -21.6

Oklahoma.............................................. 23 62.25 15 67.77 51.5

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 548 71.78 616 69.06 -11.1

 Anthracite ........................................... 16 66.86 21 55.65 -21.1

 Bituminous ......................................... 531 71.93 596 69.52 -10.8

Tennessee.............................................. 21 61.92 19 65.57 8.0

Texas..................................................... 730 90.79 772 93.28 -5.5

Utah ...................................................... 243 57.80 281 60.37 -13.7

Virginia................................................. 273 55.85 294 57.01 -7.1

Washington........................................... W W W W W

West Virginia Total .............................. 1,793 59.43 1,741 60.33 3.0

 Northern.............................................. 284 62.92 325 59.68 -12.8

 Southern.............................................. 1,510 58.77 1,416 60.48 6.6

Wyoming .............................................. 7,890 91.57 7,975 92.99 -1.1

 

U.S. Total............................................. 18,880 80.28 18,944 81.72 -0.3 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 31

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2006 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama........................................ 280 497 986 56 2,271 3,188 336 2,767 4,174

Alaska ........................................... - 2,335 5,423 W 497 685 W 2,832 6,108

Arizona ......................................... - - - W - - W --

Arkansas ....................................... W 127 272 - 101 144 W 228 417

Colorado ....................................... W 5,981 11,397 W 3,746 4,761 335 9,727 16,158

Georgia ......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho ............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois........................................... 1,255 27,910 87,865 40 10,068 16,543 1,294 37,978 104,408

Indiana .......................................... 249 3,611 8,720 135 416 711 384 4,027 9,431

Iowa .............................................. - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas........................................... - - - W 680 972 W 680 972

Kentucky Total ............................. 962 7,336 16,909 171 7,449 12,906 1,134 14,785 29,814

 Eastern ........................................ 554 603 1,080 149 5,183 9,282 703 5,786 10,362

 Western....................................... 408 6,733 15,829 23 2,266 3,624 431 8,999 19,452

Louisiana ...................................... - - - W 309 416 W 309 416

Maryland....................................... W 314 572 W 42 62 28 356 634

Michigan....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi.................................... - - - W - - W --

Missouri........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,157 4,510 W 3,846 5,989

Montana........................................ W 35,922 70,957 W 38,979 48,220 1,211 74,901 119,177

New Mexico ................................. W 2,794 6,142 W 4,171 5,951 504 6,965 12,093

North Carolina.............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................ - - - 1,145 6,877 9,015 1,145 6,877 9,015

Ohio .............................................. 192 7,706 17,515 99 3,760 5,745 291 11,466 23,260

Oklahoma...................................... W 573 1,230 W 225 321 23 798 1,551

Oregon .......................................... - 6 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 468 10,652 23,113 79 1,035 4,236 548 11,687 27,349

 Anthracite ................................... 2 340 3,843 14 420 3,353 16 760 7,196

 Bituminous ................................. 466 10,312 19,270 65 615 883 531 10,927 20,153

South Dakota ................................ - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee...................................... 12 278 508 8 178 262 21 456 770

Texas............................................. - - - 730 9,490 12,328 730 9,490 12,328

Utah .............................................. 243 2,488 5,076 - 212 268 243 2,700 5,344

Virginia......................................... 223 614 1,093 51 171 548 273 785 1,642

Washington................................... - 674 1,332 W 6 8 W 681 1,340

West Virginia Total ...................... 1,206 15,485 29,015 588 2,329 3,691 1,793 17,814 32,706

 Northern...................................... 252 NA NA 32 NA NA 284 NA NA

 Southern...................................... 954 NA NA 556 NA NA 1,510 NA NA

Wyoming ...................................... W 22,949 42,499 W 17,195 20,762 7,890 40,144 63,261

 

U.S. Total...................................... 5,897 149,814 333,991 12,983 113,967 157,085 18,880 263,781 491,076 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. •

EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use 

restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria. • The effective date for the 

demonstrated reserve base, as customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2007." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines, 

customarily presented as of the end of the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2006. • The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal 

mapped to measured and indicated degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see 

Glossary for criteria. • All reserve expressions exclude silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. • Reserves at Producing Mines exclude mines producing less 

than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide reserves data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
32 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 2006 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W 280 53.46

Arkansas ........................................ W W ---- W W

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W 300 68.12

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W 1,255 60.87

Indiana ........................................... 249 62.53 - - - -249 62.53

Kentucky Total .............................. 937 W W 56.69 W W 962 49.52

 Eastern ......................................... W W W W W W 554 47.03

 Western........................................ W W W W - - 408 52.90

Maryland........................................ W W -- W W W W

Montana......................................... W W ---- W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W W W

Ohio ............................................... 24 53.73 W W W W 192 66.96

Oklahoma....................................... W W ---- W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 125 64.79 W W W W 468 69.98

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - 2 76.23

 Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W 466 69.95

Tennessee....................................... 12 45.44 - - - -12 45.44

Utah ............................................... 29 65.74 - - 214 56.74 243 57.80

Virginia.......................................... W W -- W W 223 48.41

West Virginia Total ....................... 700 52.43 10 60.00 496 49.18 1,206 51.16

 Northern....................................... 111 57.23 - - 141 65.47 252 61.84

 Southern....................................... 589 51.52 10 60.00 355 42.71 954 48.33

Wyoming ....................................... W W ---- W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 3,044 56.07 40 59.68 2,812 61.30 5,897 58.59 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 33

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine 

Production Range and Mine Type, 2006 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000 .................................................. 3,755 59.67 12,255 90.61 16,010 83.35

500 to 1,000................................................ 686 50.33 268 81.32 954 59.03

200 to 500 ................................................... 860 60.77 232 82.19 1,092 65.32

100 to 200 ................................................... 179 58.48 87 82.60 265 66.35

50 to 100 ..................................................... 257 61.45 86 87.30 344 67.95

10 to 50 ....................................................... 159 52.43 56 75.30 215 58.38

 

U.S. Total................................................... 5,897 58.59 12,983 90.13 18,880 80.28 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
34 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Employment 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 35

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005 

2006 2005 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 2,621 1,574 4,195 2,887 1,251 4,138 -9.2 25.8 1.4

Alaska ........................................... - 96 96 - 97 97 - -1.0 -1.0

Arizona ......................................... - 418 418 - 567 567 - -26.3 -26.3

Arkansas ....................................... 41 2 43 - 2 2 - - NM

Colorado ....................................... 1,682 547 2,229 1,640 586 2,226 2.6 -6.7 0.1

Illinois........................................... 3,507 470 3,977 3,393 424 3,817 3.4 10.8 4.2

Indiana .......................................... 1,231 1,627 2,858 1,143 1,540 2,683 7.7 5.6 6.5

Kansas........................................... - 61 61 - 25 25 - 144.0 144.0

Kentucky Total ............................. 11,902 6,057 17,959 11,137 5,853 16,990 6.9 3.5 5.7

 Eastern ........................................ 9,303 5,707 15,010 8,883 5,407 14,290 4.7 5.5 5.0

 Western....................................... 2,599 350 2,949 2,254 446 2,700 15.3 -21.5 9.2

Louisiana ...................................... - 243 243 - 242 242 - 0.4 0.4

Maryland....................................... 205 285 490 272 230 502 -24.6 23.9 -2.4

Mississippi.................................... - 178 178 - 193 193 - -7.8 -7.8

Missouri........................................ - 20 20 - 24 24 - -16.7 -16.7

Montana........................................ 58 884 942 53 782 835 9.4 13.0 12.8

New Mexico ................................. 368 1,004 1,372 362 1,046 1,408 1.7 -4.0 -2.6

North Dakota ................................ - 947 947 - 927 927 - 2.2 2.2

Ohio .............................................. 1,384 1,029 2,413 1,384 1,150 2,534 - -10.5 -4.8

Oklahoma...................................... 73 151 224 48 148 196 52.1 2.0 14.3

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 5,099 2,427 7,526 5,043 2,566 7,609 1.1 -5.4 -1.1

 Anthracite ................................... 226 643 869 228 663 891 -0.9 -3.0 -2.5

 Bituminous ................................. 4,873 1,784 6,657 4,815 1,903 6,718 1.2 -6.3 -0.9

Tennessee...................................... 333 327 660 318 373 691 4.7 -12.3 -4.5

Texas............................................. - 2,138 2,138 - 2,196 2,196 - -2.6 -2.6

Utah .............................................. 2,030 6 2,036 1,812 5 1,817 12.0 20.0 12.1

Virginia......................................... 3,623 1,639 5,262 3,577 1,557 5,134 1.3 5.3 2.5

Washington................................... - 673 673 - 672 672 - 0.1 0.1

West Virginia Total ...................... 13,190 6,886 20,076 12,483 6,128 18,611 5.7 12.4 7.9

 Northern...................................... 3,982 639 4,621 4,085 544 4,629 -2.5 17.5 -0.2

 Southern...................................... 9,208 6,247 15,455 8,398 5,584 13,982 9.6 11.9 10.5

Wyoming ...................................... 128 5,709 5,837 62 4,988 5,050 106.5 14.5 15.6

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 35,758 19,874 55,632 34,847 18,662 53,509 2.6 6.5 4.0

 Northern..................................... 10,670 4,380 15,050 10,784 4,490 15,274 -1.1 -2.4 -1.5

 Central ....................................... 22,467 13,920 36,387 21,163 12,921 34,084 6.2 7.7 6.8

 Southern..................................... 2,621 1,574 4,195 2,900 1,251 4,151 -9.6 25.8 1.1

Interior Total ............................... 7,451 5,240 12,691 6,838 5,240 12,078 9.0 - 5.1

 Illinois Basin.............................. 7,337 2,447 9,784 6,790 2,410 9,200 8.1 1.5 6.3

Western Total............................... 4,266 10,284 14,550 3,929 9,670 13,599 8.6 6.3 7.0

 Powder River Basin................... - 5,852 5,852 - 5,053 5,053 - 15.8 15.8

 Uinta Region.............................. 3,657 525 4,182 3,394 562 3,956 7.7 -6.6 5.7

 

East of Miss. River....................... 43,095 22,499 65,594 41,637 21,265 62,902 3.5 5.8 4.3

West of Miss. River...................... 4,380 12,899 17,279 3,977 12,307 16,284 10.1 4.8 6.1

 

 

U.S. Subtotal................................. 47,475 35,398 82,873 45,614 33,572 79,186 4.1 5.4 4.7

 

Refuse Recovery........................... - - 86 - - 97 - - -11.3

 

U.S. Total...................................... 47,475 35,398 82,959 45,614 33,572 79,283 4.1 5.4 4.6 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NM = Not meaningful due to changes of 500 percent or more. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
36 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2006 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Total Number 

of Employees

Alabama....................................................... 1,745 1,145 429 225 252 230 39 130 4,195

 Underground.............................................. 1,745 750 - 25 42 9 3 47 2,621

 Surface....................................................... - 395 429 200 210 221 36 83 1,574

Alaska .......................................................... 96 ----- - -96

 Surface....................................................... 96 ----- - -96

Arizona ........................................................ 411 ----- - 7418

 Surface....................................................... 411 ----- - 7418

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - -41 2 -43

 Underground.............................................. - - - - -41 - -41

 Surface....................................................... - ----- 2 -2

Colorado ...................................................... 2,054 20 108 - 41 - - 6 2,229

 Underground.............................................. 1,596 - 80 - - - - 6 1,682

 Surface....................................................... 458 20 28 - 41 - - - 547

Illinois .......................................................... 3,378 67 312 - 55 2 - 163 3,977

 Underground.............................................. 3,110 - 227 - 55 - - 115 3,507

 Surface....................................................... 268 67 85 - - 2 - 48 470

Indiana......................................................... 2,193 191 206 - 75 16 3 174 2,858

 Underground.............................................. 948 - 156 - 39 - - 88 1,231

 Surface....................................................... 1,245 191 50 - 36 16 3 86 1,627

Kansas.......................................................... - - 32 13 - - - 16 61

 Surface....................................................... - - 32 13 - - - 16 61

Kentucky Total ........................................... 4,359 3,350 3,395 1,935 1,423 927 518 2,052 17,959

 Underground.............................................. 3,415 2,387 1,788 1,263 1,019 458 316 1,256 11,902

 Surface....................................................... 944 963 1,607 672 404 469 202 796 6,057

 Eastern....................................................... 1,987 3,276 3,272 1,848 1,306 899 509 1,913 15,010

 Underground.............................................. 1,120 2,387 1,739 1,196 943 458 316 1,144 9,303

 Surface....................................................... 867 889 1,533 652 363 441 193 769 5,707

 Western...................................................... 2,372 74 123 87 117 28 9 139 2,949

 Underground.............................................. 2,295 -49 67 76 - - 112 2,599

 Surface....................................................... 77 74 74 20 41 28 9 27 350

Louisiana ..................................................... 204 39---- - -243

 Surface....................................................... 204 39---- - -243

Maryland ..................................................... 94 110 95 60 39 38 17 37 490

 Underground.............................................. 94 - 54 23 - - - 34 205

 Surface....................................................... - 110 41 37 39 38 17 3 285

Mississippi ................................................... 178 ----- - -178

 Surface....................................................... 178 ----- - -178

Missouri ....................................................... - - 8 12 - - - - 20

 Surface....................................................... - - 8 12 - - - - 20

Montana....................................................... 872 - 70 - - - - - 942

 Underground.............................................. - - 58 - - - - - 58

 Surface....................................................... 872 - 12 - - - - - 884

New Mexico ................................................. 1,202 ----- - 170 1,372

 Underground.............................................. 302 ----- - 66 368

 Surface....................................................... 900 ----- - 104 1,004

North Dakota .............................................. 942 ----- - 5947

 Surface....................................................... 942 ----- - 5947

Ohio.............................................................. 879 558 400 257 51 60 50 158 2,413

 Underground.............................................. 879 243 129 64 - - - 69 1,384

 Surface....................................................... - 315 271 193 51 60 50 89 1,029

Oklahoma .................................................... - - 167 24 - 31 2 - 224

 Underground.............................................. - -48 - -25 - -73

 Surface....................................................... - - 119 24 - 6 2 - 151

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 3,498 664 963 544 338 483 292 744 7,526

 Underground.............................................. 3,498 443 451 245 32 61 52 317 5,099

 Surface....................................................... - 221 512 299 306 422 240 427 2,427

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 24 46 106 154 165 374 869

 Underground.............................................. - - - 46 - 33 52 95 226

 Surface....................................................... - - 24 - 106 121 113 279 643

 Bituminous ................................................ 3,498 664 939 498 232 329 127 370 6,657

 Underground.............................................. 3,498 443 451 199 32 28 - 222 4,873

 Surface....................................................... - 221 488 299 200 301 127 148 1,784

Tennessee..................................................... - - 357 44 50 129 17 63 660

 Underground.............................................. - - 156 - 50 84 8 35 333

 Surface....................................................... - - 201 44 - 45 9 28 327

Texas ............................................................ 2,080 58---- - -2,138

 Surface....................................................... 2,080 58---- - -2,138

Utah.............................................................. 1,554 270 54 - - 14 5 139 2,036

 Underground.............................................. 1,554 270 54 - - 14 5 133 2,030

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 37

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2006 (Continued) 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region 1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Total Number 

of Employees

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - ----- - 66

Virginia........................................................ 984 683 1,521 530 405 338 126 675 5,262

 Underground.............................................. 748 421 960 427 249 219 94 505 3,623

 Surface....................................................... 236 262 561 103 156 119 32 170 1,639

Washington ................................................. 673 ----- - -673

 Surface....................................................... 673 ----- - -673

West Virginia Total .................................... 8,286 3,323 3,590 1,046 756 597 178 2,300 20,076

 Underground.............................................. 4,757 2,341 2,726 724 624 356 140 1,522 13,190

 Surface....................................................... 3,529 982 864 322 132 241 38 778 6,886

 Northern .................................................... 2,817 624 513 76 102 123 47 319 4,621

 Underground.............................................. 2,531 589 425 57 95 42 23 220 3,982

 Surface....................................................... 286 35 88 19 7 81 24 99 639

 Southern .................................................... 5,469 2,699 3,077 970 654 474 131 1,981 15,455

 Underground.............................................. 2,226 1,752 2,301 667 529 314 117 1,302 9,208

 Surface....................................................... 3,243 947 776 303 125 160 14 679 6,247

Wyoming...................................................... 5,640 128 - - 60 6 3 - 5,837

 Underground.............................................. - 128---- - -128

 Surface....................................................... 5,640 - - - 60 6 3 - 5,709

 

Appalachian Total ...................................... 17,473 9,759 10,627 4,554 3,197 2,774 1,228 6,020 55,632

 Underground.............................................. 12,841 6,585 6,215 2,704 1,940 1,187 613 3,673 35,758

 Surface....................................................... 4,632 3,174 4,412 1,850 1,257 1,587 615 2,347 19,874

 Northern .................................................... 7,288 1,956 1,971 937 530 704 406 1,258 15,050

 Underground.............................................. 7,002 1,275 1,059 389 127 103 75 640 10,670

 Surface....................................................... 286 681 912 548 403 601 331 618 4,380

 Central ....................................................... 8,440 6,658 8,227 3,392 2,415 1,840 783 4,632 36,387

 Underground.............................................. 4,094 4,560 5,156 2,290 1,771 1,075 535 2,986 22,467

 Surface....................................................... 4,346 2,098 3,071 1,102 644 765 248 1,646 13,920

 Southern .................................................... 1,745 1,145 429 225 252 230 39 130 4,195

 Underground.............................................. 1,745 750 - 25 42 9 3 47 2,621

 Surface....................................................... - 395 429 200 210 221 36 83 1,574

Interior Total .............................................. 10,405 429 848 136 247 118 16 492 12,691

 Underground.............................................. 6,353 - 480 67 170 66 - 315 7,451

 Surface....................................................... 4,052 429 368 69 77 52 16 177 5,240

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 7,943 332 641 87 247 46 12 476 9,784

 Underground.............................................. 6,353 - 432 67 170 - - 315 7,337

 Surface....................................................... 1,590 332 209 20 77 46 12 161 2,447

Western Total.............................................. 13,444 418 232 - 101 20 8 327 14,550

 Underground.............................................. 3,452 398 192 - - 14 5 205 4,266

 Surface....................................................... 9,992 20 40 - 101 6 3 122 10,284

 Powder River Basin.................................. 5,792 - - - 60 - - - 5,852

 Surface....................................................... 5,792 - - - 60 - - - 5,852

 Uinta Region.............................................. 3,608 290 79 - 41 14 5 145 4,182

 Underground.............................................. 3,150 270 79 - - 14 5 139 3,657

 Surface....................................................... 458 20 - - 41 - - 6 525

 

East of Miss. River...................................... 25,594 10,091 11,268 4,641 3,444 2,820 1,240 6,496 65,594

 Underground.............................................. 19,194 6,585 6,647 2,771 2,110 1,187 613 3,988 43,095

 Surface....................................................... 6,400 3,506 4,621 1,870 1,334 1,633 627 2,508 22,499

West of Miss. River..................................... 15,728 515 439 49 101 92 12 343 17,279

 Underground.............................................. 3,452 398 240 - - 80 5 205 4,380

 Surface....................................................... 12,276 117 199 49 101 12 7 138 12,899

 

Subtotal........................................................ 41,322 10,606 11,707 4,690 3,545 2,912 1,252 6,839 82,873

 Underground.............................................. 22,646 6,983 6,887 2,771 2,110 1,267 618 4,193 47,475

 Surface....................................................... 18,676 3,623 4,820 1,919 1,435 1,645 634 2,646 35,398

 

Refuse Recovery.......................................... - - - 31 - 37 16 2 86

 

U.S. Total.................................................... . 41,322 10,606 11,707 4,721 3,545 2,949 1,268 6,841 82,959

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
38 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2006 

Union2 Nonunion2

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2,533 41 85 1,519

Alaska ................................................... - 96 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 418 - -

Arkansas ............................................... - - 41 -

Colorado ............................................... 143 226 1,539 321

Illinois................................................... 1,610 50 1,897 420

Indiana .................................................. - - 1,231 1,624

Kansas................................................... - - - 61

Kentucky Total ..................................... 770 89 10,816 5,783

 Eastern ................................................ 173 89 8,814 5,431

 Western............................................... 597 - 2,002 352

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 243

Maryland............................................... - - 205 268

Mississippi............................................ - - - 178

Missouri................................................ - - - 20

Montana................................................ - 709 58 175

New Mexico ......................................... 368 765 - 239

North Dakota ........................................ - 281 - 666

Ohio ...................................................... 493 39 891 940

Oklahoma.............................................. - - 73 149

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 2,335 280 2,712 1,922

 Anthracite ........................................... 3 206 171 324

 Bituminous ......................................... 2,332 74 2,541 1,598

Tennessee.............................................. - - 325 318

Texas..................................................... - 1,288 - 850

Utah ...................................................... 557 - 1,468 8

Virginia................................................. 527 85 3,002 1,536

Washington........................................... - 673 - -

West Virginia Total .............................. 4,710 945 8,340 5,903

 Northern.............................................. 2,538 - 1,421 615

 Southern.............................................. 2,172 945 6,919 5,288

Wyoming .............................................. 128 521 - 5,185

Appalachian Total .............................. 10,771 1,479 24,374 17,837

 Northern............................................. 5,366 319 5,229 3,745

 Central ............................................... 2,872 1,119 19,060 12,573

 Southern............................................. 2,533 41 85 1,519

Interior Total ...................................... 2,207 1,338 5,244 3,897

 Illinois Basin...................................... 2,207 50 5,130 2,396

Western Total...................................... 1,196 3,689 3,065 6,594

 Powder River Basin........................... - 697 - 5,155

 Uinta Region...................................... 700 198 2,952 329

East of Miss. River.............................. 12,978 1,529 29,504 20,411

West of Miss. River............................. 1,196 4,977 3,179 7,917

U.S. Total............................................. 14,174 6,506 32,683 28,328 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide 

data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 39

Productivity 
40 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005 

Number of Mining Operations2 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

2006 2005 Percent 

Change 2006 2005 Percent 

Change 2006 2005 Percent 

Change 

Alabama........................................ 68 62 9.7 4,195 4,138 1.4 2.01 2.18 -8.0

 Underground.............................. 14 14 - 2,621 2,887 -9.2 1.74 1.99 -12.4

 Surface....................................... 54 48 12.5 1,574 1,251 25.8 2.51 2.60 -3.4

Alaska ........................................... 1 1 - 96 97 -1.0 6.48 6.71 -3.5

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 96 97 -1.0 6.48 6.71 -3.5

Arizona ......................................... 2 3 -33.3 418 567 -26.3 7.69 8.22 -6.4

 Surface....................................... 2 3 -33.3 418 567 -26.3 7.69 8.22 -6.4

Arkansas....................................... 2 1 100.0 43 2 NM 0.24 0.80 -70.3

 Underground.............................. 1 - - 41 - - 0.19 - -

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 2 2 - 2.48 0.80 209.1

Colorado ....................................... 13 14 -7.1 2,229 2,226 0.1 7.90 8.52 -7.2

 Underground.............................. 8 9 -11.1 1,682 1,640 2.6 7.72 8.65 -10.8

 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 547 586 -6.7 8.46 8.17 3.6

Illinois ........................................... 33 31 6.5 3,977 3,817 4.2 3.70 3.70 *

 Underground.............................. 21 18 16.7 3,507 3,393 3.4 3.52 3.46 1.9

 Surface....................................... 12 13 -7.7 470 424 10.8 4.89 5.50 -11.2

Indiana.......................................... 45 48 -6.3 2,858 2,683 6.5 4.81 5.06 -5.0

 Underground.............................. 15 19 -21.1 1,231 1,143 7.7 3.46 3.89 -11.2

 Surface....................................... 30 29 3.4 1,627 1,540 5.6 5.82 5.92 -1.8

Kansas........................................... 3 1 200.0 61 25 144.0 3.64 2.94 23.8

 Surface....................................... 3 1 200.0 61 25 144.0 3.64 2.94 23.8

Kentucky Total ............................ 592 560 5.7 17,959 16,990 5.7 2.96 3.13 -5.6

 Underground.............................. 300 291 3.1 11,902 11,137 6.9 2.68 2.93 -8.4

 Surface....................................... 292 269 8.6 6,057 5,853 3.5 3.51 3.52 -0.5

 Eastern........................................ 556 524 6.1 15,010 14,290 5.0 2.78 2.93 -5.2

 Underground.............................. 280 273 2.6 9,303 8,883 4.7 2.37 2.64 -10.4

 Surface....................................... 276 251 10.0 5,707 5,407 5.5 3.45 3.40 1.4

 Western....................................... 36 36 - 2,949 2,700 9.2 3.78 4.11 -8.2

 Underground.............................. 20 18 11.1 2,599 2,254 15.3 3.69 3.94 -6.4

 Surface....................................... 16 18 -11.1 350 446 -21.5 4.54 5.12 -11.1

Louisiana ...................................... 2 2 - 243 242 0.4 7.84 7.98 -1.7

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 243 242 0.4 7.84 7.98 -1.7

Maryland ...................................... 22 19 15.8 490 502 -2.4 4.82 4.75 1.5

 Underground.............................. 5 4 25.0 205 272 -24.6 6.10 5.33 14.4

 Surface....................................... 17 15 13.3 285 230 23.9 3.81 4.05 -6.0

Mississippi .................................... 1 1 - 178 193 -7.8 10.38 8.87 17.1

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 178 193 -7.8 10.38 8.87 17.1

Missouri ........................................ 2 2 - 20 24 -16.7 10.20 11.25 -9.3

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 20 24 -16.7 10.20 11.25 -9.3

Montana........................................ 6 6 - 942 835 12.8 21.98 23.26 -5.5

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 58 53 9.4 2.65 1.50 76.6

 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 884 782 13.0 23.30 24.70 -5.7

New Mexico .................................. 5 5 - 1,372 1,408 -2.6 8.62 9.68 -10.9

 Underground.............................. 2 2 - 368 362 1.7 8.07 9.87 -18.3

 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 1,004 1,046 -4.0 8.85 9.61 -7.9

North Dakota ............................... 5 4 25.0 947 927 2.2 16.91 16.84 0.4

 Surface....................................... 5 4 25.0 947 927 2.2 16.91 16.84 0.4

Ohio............................................... 71 74 -4.1 2,413 2,534 -4.8 4.04 4.02 0.4

 Underground.............................. 20 20 - 1,384 1,384 - 4.81 4.90 -1.9

 Surface....................................... 51 54 -5.6 1,029 1,150 -10.5 3.06 3.05 0.3

Oklahoma ..................................... 10 9 11.1 224 196 14.3 3.35 3.55 -5.7

 Underground.............................. 2 1 100.0 73 48 52.1 2.44 3.55 -31.3

 Surface....................................... 8 8 - 151 148 2.0 3.78 3.55 6.3

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 358 357 0.3 7,526 7,609 -1.1 3.90 3.96 -1.6

 Underground.............................. 87 88 -1.1 5,099 5,043 1.1 4.52 4.71 -4.0

 Surface....................................... 271 269 0.7 2,427 2,566 -5.4 2.44 2.38 2.3

 Anthracite................................... 124 115 7.8 869 891 -2.5 0.95 0.95 0.6

 Underground.............................. 35 31 12.9 226 228 -0.9 0.68 0.63 6.6

 Surface....................................... 89 84 6.0 643 663 -3.0 1.04 1.04 -0.1

 Bituminous ................................. 234 242 -3.3 6,657 6,718 -0.9 4.21 4.31 -2.3

 Underground.............................. 52 57 -8.8 4,873 4,815 1.2 4.65 4.86 -4.2

 Surface....................................... 182 185 -1.6 1,784 1,903 -6.3 2.87 2.81 2.2

Tennessee...................................... 36 38 -5.3 660 691 -4.5 2.06 2.04 0.8

 Underground.............................. 16 18 -11.1 333 318 4.7 1.97 2.21 -10.9

 Surface....................................... 20 20 - 327 373 -12.3 2.14 1.95 9.2

Texas ............................................. 12 13 -7.7 2,138 2,196 -2.6 9.90 9.70 2.1

 Surface....................................... 12 13 -7.7 2,138 2,196 -2.6 9.90 9.70 2.1

Utah............................................... 20 19 5.3 2,036 1,817 12.1 6.15 6.37 -3.3

 Underground.............................. 19 18 5.6 2,030 1,812 12.0 6.18 6.39 -3.3

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 41

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005 (Continued) 

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

2006 2005 Percent 

Change 2006 2005 Percent 

Change 2006 2005 Percent 

Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 6 5 20.0 - - -

Virginia......................................... 170 179 -5.0 5,262 5,134 2.5 2.67 2.54 5.0

 Underground.............................. 98 109 -10.1 3,623 3,577 1.3 2.48 2.25 10.3

 Surface....................................... 72 70 2.9 1,639 1,557 5.3 3.07 3.13 -2.1

Washington .................................. 1 1 - 673 672 0.1 2.03 3.71 -45.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 673 672 0.1 2.03 3.71 -45.2

West Virginia Total ..................... 419 398 5.3 20,076 18,611 7.9 3.32 3.60 -7.8

 Underground.............................. 247 233 6.0 13,190 12,483 5.7 2.87 3.26 -12.0

 Surface....................................... 172 165 4.2 6,886 6,128 12.4 4.14 4.26 -2.8

 Northern ..................................... 70 71 -1.4 4,621 4,629 -0.2 4.12 4.13 -0.2

 Underground.............................. 41 39 5.1 3,982 4,085 -2.5 4.02 4.16 -3.3

 Surface....................................... 29 32 -9.4 639 544 17.5 4.78 3.91 22.1

 Southern ..................................... 349 327 6.7 15,455 13,982 10.5 3.09 3.43 -10.0

 Underground.............................. 206 194 6.2 9,208 8,398 9.6 2.36 2.83 -16.4

 Surface....................................... 143 133 7.5 6,247 5,584 11.9 4.08 4.29 -4.9

Wyoming....................................... 21 19 10.5 5,837 5,050 15.6 35.46 38.01 -6.7

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 128 62 106.5 1.84 3.50 -47.6

 Surface....................................... 20 18 11.1 5,709 4,988 14.5 36.24 38.39 -5.6

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 1,700 1,651 3.0 55,632 53,509 4.0 3.13 3.28 -4.6

 Underground.............................. 767 759 1.1 35,758 34,847 2.6 2.95 3.19 -7.6

 Surface....................................... 933 892 4.6 19,874 18,662 6.5 3.45 3.43 0.4

 Northern ..................................... 521 521 - 15,050 15,274 -1.5 4.02 4.05 -0.8

 Underground.............................. 153 151 1.3 10,670 10,784 -1.1 4.40 4.54 -3.1

 Surface....................................... 368 370 -0.5 4,380 4,490 -2.4 3.02 2.85 5.8

 Central ........................................ 1,111 1,067 4.1 36,387 34,084 6.8 2.89 3.07 -6.0

 Underground.............................. 600 593 1.2 22,467 21,163 6.2 2.38 2.65 -10.3

 Surface....................................... 511 474 7.8 13,920 12,921 7.7 3.67 3.71 -1.2

 Southern ..................................... 68 63 7.9 4,195 4,151 1.1 2.01 2.18 -7.9

 Underground.............................. 14 15 -6.7 2,621 2,900 -9.6 1.74 1.99 -12.2

 Surface....................................... 54 48 12.5 1,574 1,251 25.8 2.51 2.60 -3.4

Interior Total ............................... 146 144 1.4 12,691 12,078 5.1 5.10 5.29 -3.7

 Underground.............................. 59 56 5.4 7,451 6,838 9.0 3.54 3.70 -4.3

 Surface....................................... 87 88 -1.1 5,240 5,240 - 7.35 7.43 -1.0

 Illinois Basin............................... 114 115 -0.9 9,784 9,200 6.3 4.07 4.25 -4.1

 Underground.............................. 56 55 1.8 7,337 6,790 8.1 3.57 3.70 -3.5

 Surface....................................... 58 60 -3.3 2,447 2,410 1.5 5.49 5.72 -4.1

Western Total............................... 74 72 2.8 14,550 13,599 7.0 20.19 20.47 -1.4

 Underground.............................. 31 31 - 4,266 3,929 8.6 6.77 7.54 -10.1

 Surface....................................... 43 41 4.9 10,284 9,670 6.3 25.70 25.63 0.3

 Powder River Basin................... 18 17 5.9 5,852 5,053 15.8 37.57 40.11 -6.3

 Underground.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Surface....................................... 18 17 5.9 5,852 5,053 15.8 37.57 40.11 -6.3

 Uinta Region............................... 31 31 - 4,182 3,956 5.7 7.11 7.60 -6.5

 Underground.............................. 26 26 - 3,657 3,394 7.7 6.92 7.51 -7.8

 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 525 562 -6.6 8.41 8.16 3.0

 

East of Miss. River....................... 1,815 1,767 2.7 65,594 62,902 4.3 3.29 3.44 -4.3

 Underground.............................. 823 814 1.1 43,095 41,637 3.5 3.06 3.28 -6.7

 Surface....................................... 992 953 4.1 22,499 21,265 5.8 3.74 3.75 -0.2

West of Miss. River...................... 105 100 5.0 17,279 16,284 6.1 18.33 18.50 -0.9

 Underground.............................. 34 32 6.3 4,380 3,977 10.1 6.62 7.48 -11.5

 Surface....................................... 71 68 4.4 12,899 12,307 4.8 22.27 21.99 1.3

 

Subtotal......................................... 1,920 1,867 2.8 82,873 79,186 4.7 6.27 6.36 -1.5

 Underground.............................. 857 846 1.3 47,475 45,614 4.1 3.37 3.62 -7.0

 Surface....................................... 1,063 1,021 4.1 35,398 33,572 5.4 10.19 10.04 1.5

 

Refuse Recovery........................... 15 18 -16.7 86 97 -11.3 4.33 3.99 8.5

 

U.S. Total..................................... . 1,935 1,885 2.7 82,959 79,283 4.6 6.26 6.36 -1.5

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, 

repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NM = Not meaningful due to changes of 500 percent or more. 

 Note: • Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
42 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2006 

(Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama.................................................... 1.02 - 1.77 1.75

Arkansas ................................................... 0.19 - - 0.19

Colorado ................................................... 4.31 - 7.90 7.72

Illinois....................................................... 3.26 - 4.09 3.52

Indiana ...................................................... 3.49 - - 3.49

Kentucky Total ......................................... 2.72 1.63 2.94 2.70

 Eastern .................................................... 2.38 1.84 2.94 2.38

 Western................................................... 3.79 0.69 - 3.74

Maryland................................................... 2.49 - 8.96 6.10

Montana.................................................... 2.65 - - 2.65

New Mexico ............................................. - - 8.07 8.07

Ohio .......................................................... 4.02 3.50 5.45 4.85

Oklahoma.................................................. 2.44 - - 2.44

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 3.33 0.57 5.06 4.54

 Anthracite ............................................... 0.76 0.57 - 0.70

 Bituminous ............................................. 3.52 - 5.06 4.65

Tennessee.................................................. 1.98 - - 1.98

Utah .......................................................... 2.72 - 6.68 6.20

Virginia..................................................... 2.18 - 4.14 2.52

West Virginia Total .................................. 2.52 1.77 3.44 2.87

 Northern.................................................. 2.66 - 4.62 4.02

 Southern.................................................. 2.49 1.77 2.07 2.37

Wyoming .................................................. 1.84 - - 1.84

Appalachian Total .................................. 2.48 2.27 3.77 2.96

 Northern................................................. 3.10 2.93 5.00 4.42

 Central ................................................... 2.38 1.81 2.50 2.39

 Southern................................................. 1.02 - 1.77 1.75

Interior Total .......................................... 2.73 0.37 4.09 2.87

 Illinois Basin.......................................... 3.54 0.69 4.09 3.60

Western Total.......................................... 2.74 - 7.35 6.78

 Powder River Basin............................... --- -

 Uinta Region.......................................... 2.94 - 7.25 6.93

East of Miss. River.................................. 2.73 2.16 3.79 3.07

West of Miss. River................................. 2.52 - 7.35 6.63

U.S. Total................................................. 2.72 2.16 4.48 3.38 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity 

is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, 

maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 43

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2006 

(Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total2

Alabama....................................................... 2.22 1.60 2.84 2.16 1.82 1.85 0.10 2.01

 Underground.............................................. 2.22 0.88 - 1.59 0.85 - 0.05 1.74

 Surface....................................................... - 2.93 2.84 2.23 2.08 2.11 0.14 2.51

Alaska .......................................................... 6.48 ----- -6.48

 Surface....................................................... 6.48 ----- -6.48

Arizona ........................................................ 7.79 ----- -7.69

 Surface....................................................... 7.79 ----- -7.69

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - -0.19 2.48 0.24

 Underground.............................................. - - - - -0.19 -0.19

 Surface....................................................... - ----- 2.48 2.48

Colorado ...................................................... 8.08 21.25 4.95 - 0.73 - - 7.90

 Underground.............................................. 7.92 - 4.33 - - - - 7.72

 Surface....................................................... 8.64 21.25 6.73 - 0.73 - - 8.46

Illinois .......................................................... 3.93 8.56 2.37 - 1.48 11.36 - 3.70

 Underground.............................................. 3.81 - 1.90 - 1.48 - - 3.52

 Surface....................................................... 5.18 8.56 3.52 - - 11.36 - 4.89

Indiana......................................................... 5.09 6.98 3.35 - 1.77 1.18 0.03 4.81

 Underground.............................................. 3.86 - 2.50 - 1.08 - - 3.46

 Surface....................................................... 6.03 6.98 5.71 - 2.66 1.18 0.05 5.82

Kansas.......................................................... - - 3.20 7.73 - - - 3.64

 Surface....................................................... - - 3.20 7.73 - - - 3.64

Kentucky Total ........................................... 4.05 3.34 3.39 2.68 2.03 2.19 0.05 2.96

 Underground.............................................. 3.68 2.91 2.88 2.46 1.81 1.90 0.03 2.68

 Surface....................................................... 5.37 4.34 3.97 3.03 2.62 2.46 0.09 3.51

 Eastern....................................................... 4.01 3.32 3.36 2.72 2.05 2.25 0.05 2.78

 Underground.............................................. 3.02 2.91 2.87 2.54 1.93 1.90 0.04 2.37

 Surface....................................................... 5.27 4.35 3.93 3.00 2.38 2.58 0.08 3.45

 Western...................................................... 4.09 4.11 4.26 1.76 1.84 0.67 0.06 3.78

 Underground.............................................. 4.01 - 3.28 1.03 0.47 - - 3.69

 Surface....................................................... 6.51 4.11 4.94 3.88 4.62 0.67 0.37 4.54

Louisiana ..................................................... 7.64 8.81---- -7.84

 Surface....................................................... 7.64 8.81---- -7.84

Maryland ..................................................... 10.67 5.17 3.22 3.65 2.55 1.46 0.29 4.82

 Underground.............................................. 10.67 - 2.85 3.26 - - - 6.10

 Surface....................................................... - 5.17 3.80 3.89 2.55 1.46 1.41 3.81

Mississippi ................................................... 10.38 ----- -10.38

 Surface....................................................... 10.38 ----- -10.38

Missouri ....................................................... - - 11.44 9.16 - - - 10.20

 Surface....................................................... - - 11.44 9.16 - - - 10.20

Montana....................................................... 23.38 - 4.87 - - - - 21.98

 Underground.............................................. - - 2.65 - - - - 2.65

 Surface....................................................... 23.38 - 16.80 - - - - 23.30

New Mexico ................................................. 9.70 ----- -8.62

 Underground.............................................. 9.49 ----- -8.07

 Surface....................................................... 9.78 ----- -8.85

North Dakota .............................................. 17.00 ----- -16.91

 Surface....................................................... 17.00 ----- -16.91

Ohio.............................................................. 5.45 3.93 4.19 3.07 2.02 1.75 0.07 4.04

 Underground.............................................. 5.45 4.27 5.01 2.72 - - - 4.81

 Surface....................................................... - 3.69 3.80 3.16 2.02 1.75 0.11 3.06

Oklahoma .................................................... - - 3.57 5.00 - 0.48 0.67 3.35

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.22 - - 0.30 - 2.44

 Surface....................................................... - - 3.72 5.00 - 1.50 0.67 3.78

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 5.20 3.47 4.00 2.84 2.54 2.48 0.19 3.90

 Underground.............................................. 5.20 3.98 4.05 2.72 2.57 1.42 0.05 4.52

 Surface....................................................... - 2.54 3.95 2.93 2.54 2.65 0.27 2.44

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 4.08 1.67 2.02 1.91 0.16 0.95

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.67 - 1.25 0.14 0.68

 Surface....................................................... - - 4.08 - 2.02 2.07 0.17 1.04

 Bituminous ................................................ 5.20 3.47 3.99 2.95 2.78 2.75 0.21 4.21

 Underground.............................................. 5.20 3.98 4.05 2.97 2.57 1.58 - 4.65

 Surface....................................................... - 2.54 3.94 2.93 2.81 2.88 0.44 2.87

Tennessee..................................................... - - 2.44 2.41 2.38 1.57 0.07 2.06

 Underground.............................................. - - 2.62 - 2.38 1.14 0.06 1.97

 Surface....................................................... - - 2.33 2.41 - 2.14 0.08 2.14

Texas ............................................................ 10.11 4.43---- -9.90

 Surface....................................................... 10.11 4.43---- -9.90

Utah.............................................................. 7.19 3.78 2.30 - - 1.21 0.03 6.15

 Underground.............................................. 7.19 3.78 2.30 - - 1.21 0.03 6.18

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
44 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2006 (Continued) 

(Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total 2

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - ----- --

Virginia........................................................ 4.01 3.27 3.05 2.05 2.30 2.27 0.04 2.67

 Underground.............................................. 4.15 3.06 2.62 2.06 2.10 2.00 0.03 2.48

 Surface....................................................... 3.62 3.57 3.71 1.99 2.85 2.86 0.08 3.07

Washington ................................................. 2.03 ----- -2.03

 Surface....................................................... 2.03 ----- -2.03

West Virginia Total .................................... 4.46 3.52 2.99 2.37 1.92 2.10 0.02 3.32

 Underground.............................................. 4.03 2.97 2.69 2.08 1.81 1.63 0.01 2.87

 Surface....................................................... 5.01 4.68 3.89 3.13 2.49 2.84 0.03 4.14

 Northern .................................................... 4.94 3.22 3.72 2.01 1.69 2.31 0.07 4.12

 Underground.............................................. 4.80 3.01 3.29 1.66 1.31 1.74 0.02 4.02

 Surface....................................................... 6.09 6.23 6.11 3.35 6.93 2.71 0.16 4.78

 Southern .................................................... 4.23 3.58 2.88 2.39 1.96 2.05 0.01 3.09

 Underground.............................................. 3.19 2.96 2.59 2.11 1.91 1.62 0.01 2.36

 Surface....................................................... 4.91 4.62 3.69 3.12 2.18 2.89 0.01 4.08

Wyoming...................................................... 36.66 1.84 - - 0.66 3.45 0.37 35.46

 Underground.............................................. - 1.84---- -1.84

 Surface....................................................... 36.66 - - - 0.66 3.45 0.37 36.24

 

Appalachian Total ...................................... 4.39 3.24 3.23 2.59 2.10 2.18 0.06 3.13

 Underground.............................................. 4.17 2.82 2.88 2.36 1.91 1.72 0.03 2.95

 Surface....................................................... 4.98 4.05 3.70 2.88 2.41 2.51 0.11 3.45

 Northern .................................................... 5.20 3.62 3.94 2.90 2.34 2.32 0.15 4.02

 Underground.............................................. 5.16 3.60 3.81 2.60 1.64 1.52 0.03 4.40

 Surface....................................................... 6.09 3.65 4.07 3.09 2.53 2.45 0.24 3.02

 Central ....................................................... 4.15 3.42 3.08 2.53 2.07 2.14 0.03 2.89

 Underground.............................................. 3.30 2.94 2.70 2.33 1.96 1.78 0.02 2.38

 Surface....................................................... 4.91 4.37 3.72 2.90 2.43 2.65 0.05 3.67

 Southern .................................................... 2.22 1.60 2.84 2.16 1.82 1.85 0.10 2.01

 Underground.............................................. 2.22 0.88 - 1.59 0.85 - 0.05 1.74

 Surface....................................................... - 2.93 2.84 2.23 2.08 2.11 0.14 2.51

Interior Total .............................................. 5.52 6.50 3.24 3.44 1.74 0.58 0.04 5.10

 Underground.............................................. 3.89 - 2.39 1.03 0.94 0.23 - 3.54

 Surface....................................................... 8.15 6.50 4.27 5.72 3.70 1.31 0.10 7.35

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 4.33 6.66 3.04 1.76 1.74 1.28 0.03 4.07

 Underground.............................................. 3.89 - 2.27 1.03 0.94 - - 3.57

 Surface....................................................... 5.92 6.66 4.55 3.88 3.70 1.28 0.08 5.49

Western Total.............................................. 21.55 4.01 4.32 - 0.68 1.81 0.01 20.19

 Underground.............................................. 7.75 3.07 3.27 - - 1.21 0.02 6.77

 Surface....................................................... 26.33 21.25 9.47 - 0.68 3.45 0.00 25.70

 Powder River Basin.................................. 37.97 - - - 0.66 - - 37.57

 Surface....................................................... 37.97 - - - 0.66 - - 37.57

 Uinta Region.............................................. 7.69 5.15 3.17 - 0.73 1.21 0.03 7.11

 Underground.............................................. 7.55 3.78 3.17 - - 1.21 0.03 6.92

 Surface....................................................... 8.64 21.25 - - 0.73 - - 8.41

 

East of Miss. River...................................... 4.41 3.36 3.22 2.57 2.08 2.17 0.06 3.29

 Underground.............................................. 4.08 2.82 2.84 2.33 1.82 1.72 0.02 3.06

 Surface....................................................... 5.34 4.29 3.74 2.89 2.49 2.47 0.11 3.74

West of Miss. River..................................... 19.85 4.47 4.02 6.60 0.68 0.55 0.03 18.33

 Underground.............................................. 7.75 3.07 3.26 - - 0.36 0.02 6.62

 Surface....................................................... 23.25 8.09 4.81 6.60 0.68 2.42 0.04 22.27

 

Subtotal........................................................ 9.80 3.40 3.25 2.61 2.03 2.09 0.06 6.27

 Underground.............................................. 4.58 2.84 2.85 2.33 1.82 1.57 0.02 3.37

 Surface....................................................... 16.34 4.41 3.79 2.97 2.34 2.47 0.11 10.19

 

Refuse Recovery.......................................... - - - 8.64 - 1.48 1.34 4.33

 

U.S. Total.................................................... . 9.80 3.40 3.25 2.65 2.03 2.08 0.06 6.26

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during 

the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 45

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2006 

(Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Union Nonunion Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 1.77 0.79 0.89 2.55

Alaska ................................................... - 6.48 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 7.69 - -

Arkansas ............................................... - - 0.19 -

Colorado ............................................... 6.15 5.35 7.86 10.68

Illinois................................................... 3.07 - 3.90 5.39

Indiana .................................................. - - 3.46 5.82

Kansas................................................... - - - 3.64

Kentucky Total ..................................... 3.02 3.97 2.67 3.52

 Eastern ................................................ 1.65 3.97 2.39 3.46

 Western............................................... 3.39 - 3.77 4.54

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 7.84

Maryland............................................... - - 6.10 3.87

Mississippi............................................ - - - 10.38

Missouri................................................ - - - 10.20

Montana................................................ - 19.02 2.65 39.96

New Mexico ......................................... 8.07 8.16 - 11.17

North Dakota ........................................ - 14.02 - 18.02

Ohio ...................................................... 3.95 1.48 5.27 3.17

Oklahoma.............................................. - - 2.44 3.82

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 4.00 1.02 5.00 2.69

 Anthracite ........................................... - 0.59 0.71 1.32

 Bituminous ......................................... 4.01 2.11 5.24 2.95

Tennessee.............................................. - - 1.98 2.13

Texas..................................................... - 10.26 - 9.30

Utah ...................................................... 4.62 - 6.80 -

Virginia................................................. 1.70 2.99 2.62 3.07

Washington........................................... - 2.03 - -

West Virginia Total .............................. 3.43 3.99 2.54 4.17

 Northern.............................................. 4.74 - 2.60 4.87

 Southern.............................................. 1.88 3.99 2.53 4.10

Wyoming .............................................. 1.84 9.33 - 38.81

Appalachian Total .............................. 3.08 3.34 2.90 3.49

 Northern............................................. 4.35 1.08 4.48 3.24

 Central ............................................... 1.83 3.93 2.47 3.66

 Southern............................................. 1.77 0.79 0.89 2.55

Interior Total ...................................... 3.16 9.89 3.69 6.53

 Illinois Basin...................................... 3.16 - 3.74 5.58

Western Total...................................... 5.64 9.41 7.25 34.57

 Powder River Basin........................... - 19.06 - 39.88

 Uinta Region...................................... 4.92 5.15 7.40 10.39

East of Miss. River.............................. 3.10 3.24 3.05 3.80

West of Miss. River............................. 5.64 9.64 7.01 30.14

U.S. Total............................................. 3.30 8.04 3.41 10.74 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, 

processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal 

and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
46 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Domestic Markets 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 47

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2006 

Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Alcoa Inc (Aluminum Company of America) (IN)(TX)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)

 Carmeuse North American Group (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)

 Dakota Gasification Company (ND)

 Eastman Chemical Company (AR)(TN)

 Georgia-Pacific Corp (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 Holcim (US) Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(MI)(MN)(NC)(SC)(VA)(WI)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

NewPage Corporation (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

 Abitibi Consolidated Sales Corp (AZ)

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, LLC (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Bowater Newsprint (AL)(TN)

 Buzzi Unicem USA (IL)(IN)(KS)(MO)(OK)(TX)

 California Portland Cement Co (AZ)(CA)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Celanese Ltd (TX)

 Central Power & Lime Inc (FL)

 E I DuPont DE Nemours & Co (MS)(TN)(WV)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(MD)(PA)

 Eastman Kodak Company (NY)

 FMC Corporation (WY)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 IMC Chemical Co (CA)

 International Steel Group Inc (IN)(MD)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(IA)(IN)(MD)(PA)

 MeadWestvaco (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)

 PPG Industries Inc (WV)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Stora Enso North America (WI)

 TXI Operations, LP (TX)

 Tate and Lyle Ingredients Americas Inc (IL)(IN)(TN)

 Weyerhaeuser Inc (AL)(NC)(PA)(WA)

 Zinc Corp of America (PA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

 DTE Energy Services (MI)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 Jewell Coke Company LP (IN)(VA)

 Mittal Steel USA Burn Harbor (IN)

 Mountain State Carbon (WV)

 Sloss Industries (AL)

 Sun Coke Company (IN)(OH)(VA)

 United States Steel Coporation (IL)(IN)(PA) 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: 

Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants." 
48 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2006, 2005 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

2006 2005 Total 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial 

2006 2005 Percent 

Change 

New England ........................ 8,775 W - W 8,963 195 - 60 8,991 9,219 -2.5

 Connecticut......................... 2,245 - - W 2,070 W - W W 2,076 W

 Maine.................................. 147 W - W 146 W - W 259 276 -6.2

 Massachusetts..................... 4,750 W - W 5,025 W - W 4,843 5,136 -5.7

 New Hampshire.................. 1,634 - - W 1,723 - - W W W -5.2

 Rhode Island....................... - - - W --- W W W -37.4

 Vermont.............................. - - - W --- W W W -6.7

Middle Atlantic .................... 69,988 W W W 68,529 W W W 81,776 80,788 1.2

 New Jersey.......................... 4,635 W - W 4,995 W - W 4,642 5,004 -7.2

 New York ........................... 9,417 1,109 W 140 9,069 1,180 W 160 W W 2.4

 Pennsylvania....................... 55,936 2,792 W 624 54,464 2,937 W 623 W W 1.7

East North Central .............. 231,753 14,657 11,100 338 234,327 14,253 11,064 1,306 257,848 260,951 -1.2

 Illinois................................. 53,939 3,608 W 134 53,822 3,502 W 146 W W 0.3

 Indiana ................................ 60,582 5,567 W 57 60,011 5,289 W 257 W W 0.6

 Michigan............................. 34,926 1,793 W 9 36,273 1,828 W 153 W W -3.7

 Ohio .................................... 58,604 1,931 W 110 59,607 1,940 W 333 W W -1.7

 Wisconsin ........................... 23,702 1,758 - 29 24,615 1,695 - 417 25,488 26,727 -4.6

West North Central ............. 146,530 13,006 - 721 148,975 12,623 - 826 160,257 162,425 -1.3

 Iowa .................................... 21,236 3,067 - 304 21,072 2,930 - 274 24,607 24,276 1.4

 Kansas................................. 20,874 237 - s 22,046 205 - - 21,110 22,251 -5.1

 Minnesota ........................... 19,573 1,271 - 91 20,008 1,300 - 72 20,935 21,381 -2.1

 Missouri.............................. 45,603 1,065 - 217 45,765 1,052 - 215 46,884 47,033 -0.3

 Nebraska ............................. 12,881 420 - 5 12,886 393 - 4 13,307 13,283 0.2

 North Dakota ...................... 24,298 W - W 25,317 W - W 31,073 32,044 -3.0

 South Dakota ...................... 2,064 W - W 1,880 W - W 2,340 2,158 8.4

South Atlantic ...................... 178,746 W W W 179,548 W W W 191,052 192,809 -0.9

 Delaware............................. 2,189 W - W 2,208 W - W 2,291 2,325 -1.4

 District of Columbia........... - - - ---- W - W W

 Florida................................. 27,755 1,128 - s 26,603 1,068 - s 28,883 27,672 4.4

 Georgia ............................... 38,890 1,587 - - 39,137 1,700 - 49 40,477 40,887 -1.0

 Maryland............................. 11,638 1,259 - 42 11,710 1,349 - 32 12,939 13,090 -1.2

 North Carolina.................... 30,456 1,225 - 117 31,303 1,408 - 149 31,797 32,860 -3.2

 South Carolina.................... 15,761 1,439 - 88 15,793 1,504 - - 17,288 17,296 *

 Virginia............................... 14,194 2,031 W 27 14,920 2,196 W 121 W W -5.4

 West Virginia...................... 37,863 1,096 W 25 37,875 1,151 W 80 W W -0.7

East South Central .............. 116,699 W W W 113,228 W W W 125,789 122,632 2.6

 Alabama.............................. 37,168 1,800 W 26 36,997 1,874 W 2 W W 0.4

 Kentucky............................. 41,938 1,322 W 131 40,352 1,212 W 289 W W 3.2

 Mississippi.......................... 10,378 W - -9,760 W - - W W 6.5

 Tennessee............................ 27,216 3,018 - 41 26,119 3,149 - 32 30,275 29,301 3.3

West South Central ............. 151,800 W - W 153,006 W - W 157,075 158,262 -0.7

 Arkansas ............................. 14,614 365 - s 14,031 368 - - 14,979 14,399 4.0

 Louisiana ............................ 16,337 W - -15,790 W - - W W 3.5

 Oklahoma............................ 21,188 732 - 3 21,952 727 - 1 21,923 22,680 -3.3

 Texas................................... 99,661 4,102 - s 101,233 4,082 - 12 103,763 105,327 -1.5

Mountain .............................. 114,744 4,155 - 312 119,793 4,953 - 410 119,211 125,156 -4.8

 Arizona ............................... 20,506 740 - 1 20,333 719 - 1 21,247 21,053 0.9

 Colorado ............................. 19,707 W - W 19,013 W - W 20,059 19,445 3.2

 Idaho ................................... - 391 - 12 - 536 - 13 403 548 -26.5

 Montana.............................. 11,302 W - W 11,588 W - W 11,531 11,822 -2.5

 Nevada................................ 3,488 W - W 8,622 W - W 3,696 8,826 -58.1

 New Mexico ....................... 16,961 W - W 17,034 W - W 17,044 17,116 -0.4

 Utah .................................... 16,609 680 - 35 17,118 1,431 - 45 17,324 18,594 -6.8

 Wyoming ............................ 26,170 1,685 - 51 26,086 1,597 - 69 27,906 27,752 0.6

Pacific.................................... 7,600 2,134 - 559 11,115 2,096 - 525 10,294 13,737 -25.1

 Alaska ................................. 408 W - W 398 W - WR

 968 905R 6.9

 California............................ 899 1,870 - 1 873 1,956 - 20 2,771 2,849 -2.7

 Hawaii................................. 720 W - -746 W - - W W -3.2

 Oregon ................................ 1,449 W - -2,103 W - W W 2,112 W

 Washington......................... 4,125 W - W 6,996 W - W 4,219 7,067 -40.3

U.S. Total.............................. 1,026,636 59,472 22,957 3,227 1,037,485 60,340 23,434 4,719R 1,112,292 1,125,978R -1.2 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

R = Revised data. 

 s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing 

Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and, 

Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 49

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2006, 2005 

(Thousand Short Tons) 

2006 2005 Total 

Census Division 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and

Distributor 

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and 

Distributor 2006 2005 Percent 

Change 

New England ........................ 1,471 W - - 864 45 - - W 909 W

Middle Atlantic .................... 6,702 W W 3,277 6,312 412 W 4,019 W W -2.5

East North Central .............. 39,551 1,941 1,785 3,169 28,572 1,465 1,494 1,848 46,446 33,379 39.1

West North Central ............. 20,455 1,539 - 712 14,808 1,209 - 2,647 22,706 18,664 21.7

South Atlantic ...................... 27,742 883 W 8,119 17,358 1,068 W 9,945 W W 29.2

East South Central .............. 12,357 466 W 6,139 10,789 494 W 4,368 W W 21.1

West South Central ............. 17,628 406 - 3,033 10,789 354 - 1,862 21,068 13,006 62.0

Mountain .............................. 12,752 443 - 11,944 10,618 323 - 10,152 25,139 21,093 19.2

Pacific.................................... 2,305 358 - 154 1,027 210 - 128 2,817 1,364 106.5

U.S. Total.............................. 140,964 6,506 2,928 36,548 101,137 5,582 2,615 34,971 186,946 144,304 29.6 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Stocks data for residential and commercial sector are not collected by EIA. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing 

Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."
50 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Average Mine Sales Price 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 51

Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2006, 2005 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

2006 2005 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 43.13 55.32 48.39 54.75 51.74 53.63 -21.2 6.9 -9.8

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ....................................... W - W -- - W - W

Colorado ....................................... 24.10 24.70 24.27 21.69 21.45 21.63 11.1 15.1 12.2

Illinois........................................... 30.86 32.78 31.17 29.18 31.63 29.67 5.8 3.7 5.1

Indiana .......................................... 33.70 24.66 27.27 33.17 22.01 25.31 1.6 12.0 7.7

Kansas........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................. 41.42 44.82 42.73 38.70 41.24 39.68 7.0 8.7 7.7

 Eastern ........................................ 46.88 46.46 46.68 43.55 43.05 43.33 7.6 7.9 7.7

 Western....................................... 30.52 24.29 29.76 27.48 25.87 27.19 11.1 -6.1 9.5

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland....................................... W W 30.63 W W 28.55 W W 7.3

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 10.42 W W 9.74 W W 7.0

New Mexico ................................. W W 29.15 W W 25.82 W W 12.9

North Dakota ................................ - 10.70 10.70 - 10.45 10.45 - 2.4 2.4

Ohio .............................................. 26.72 28.93 27.40 25.25 30.06 26.88 5.8 -3.7 1.9

Oklahoma...................................... W W 30.75 W W 28.24 W W 8.9

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 37.12 38.81 37.42 36.23 37.05 36.39 2.5 4.8 2.8

 Anthracite ................................... 72.79 37.89 43.61 46.74 39.71 41.00 55.7 -4.6 6.4

 Bituminous ................................. 36.99 38.90 37.30 36.18 36.76 36.28 2.2 5.8 2.8

Tennessee...................................... 49.07 35.65 41.37 49.89 37.91 42.50 -1.7 -5.9 -2.6

Texas............................................. - 18.61 18.61 - 17.39 17.39 - 7.0 7.0

Utah .............................................. 24.98 - 24.98 21.45 - 21.45 16.4 - 16.4

Virginia......................................... 53.57 52.16 52.99 48.01 47.93 47.97 11.6 8.8 10.5

West Virginia Total ...................... 45.53 46.44 45.94 41.99 42.33 42.14 8.4 9.7 9.0

 Northern...................................... 35.26 36.95 35.48 32.52 38.10 33.16 8.4 -3.0 7.0

 Southern...................................... 53.44 47.30 49.94 49.06 42.66 45.50 8.9 10.9 9.8

Wyoming ...................................... - 9.03 9.03 - 7.71 7.71 - 17.2 17.2

 

U.S. Total...................................... 38.28 18.88 25.16 36.42 17.37 23.59 5.1 8.7 6.7 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
52 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2006 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Alabama.................................................... W - W 43.13

Arkansas ................................................... W - - W

Colorado ................................................... W - W 24.10

Illinois....................................................... W - W 30.86

Indiana ...................................................... 33.70 - - 33.70

Kentucky Total ......................................... W 43.60 W 41.42

 Eastern .................................................... W W W 46.88

 Western................................................... W W - 30.52

Maryland................................................... W - W W

Montana.................................................... W - - W

New Mexico ............................................. - - W W

Ohio .......................................................... 27.83 W W 26.72

Oklahoma.................................................. W - - W

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 39.05 W W 37.12

 Anthracite ............................................... W W - 72.79

 Bituminous ............................................. W - W 36.99

Tennessee.................................................. 49.07 - - 49.07

Utah .......................................................... 26.16 - 24.87 24.98

Virginia..................................................... W - W 53.57

West Virginia Total .................................. 49.65 73.88 40.94 45.53

 Northern.................................................. 34.18 - 35.40 35.26

 Southern.................................................. 51.45 73.88 59.68 53.44

Wyoming .................................................. --- -

U.S. Total................................................. 41.32 46.45 35.29 38.28 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other 

methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 53

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2006 

(Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Alabama....................................................... 52 18,678 48.39

 Bibb ........................................................... 1 W W

 Cullman ..................................................... 1 W W

 Franklin...................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson....................................................... 3 W W

 Jefferson..................................................... 11 3,540 60.47

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Shelby ........................................................ 3 W W

 Tuscaloosa ................................................. 10 9,898 40.14

 Walker ....................................................... 18 3,610 51.96

 Winston...................................................... 2 W W

Alaska .......................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ......................... 1 W W

Arizona ........................................................ 1WW

 Navajo........................................................ 1 W W

Arkansas...................................................... 1WW

 Sebastian.................................................... 1 W W

Colorado ...................................................... 12 34,130 24.27

 Delta........................................................... 1 W W

 Garfield...................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison.................................................... 2 W W

 La Plata...................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat ........................................................ 3 W W

 Montrose.................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco................................................. 1--

 Routt .......................................................... 2 W W

Illinois .......................................................... 22 29,259 31.17

 Gallatin ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson....................................................... 2 W W

 Macoupin................................................... 3 W W

 Perry........................................................... 4 W W

 Randolph.................................................... 1 W W

 Saline ......................................................... 4 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion................................................... 2 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 2 W W

 White ......................................................... 1 W W

 Williamson ................................................ 1 W W

Indiana......................................................... 27 27,606 27.27

 Clay............................................................ 2 W W

 Daviess....................................................... 2 W W

 Dubois........................................................ 1 W W

 Gibson........................................................ 7 11,952 27.85

 Knox .......................................................... 6 3,274 30.04

 Pike ............................................................ 5 W W

 Sullivan...................................................... 1 W W

 Vigo ........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick ...................................................... 1 W W

Kansas.......................................................... 2WW

 Bourbon ..................................................... 1 W W

 Linn............................................................ 1 W W

Kentucky...................................................... 379 115,124 42.73

 Bell............................................................. 16 2,371 42.14

 Breathitt ..................................................... 9 2,457 48.31

 Clay............................................................ 2 W W

 Floyd.......................................................... 30 3,014 41.23

 Harlan ........................................................ 48 11,490 42.62

 Henderson.................................................. 3 W W

 Hopkins...................................................... 6 W W

 Jackson....................................................... 3 W W

 Johnson ...................................................... 3 W W

 Knott .......................................................... 32 5,965 46.91

 Knox .......................................................... 11 911 47.71

 Laurel......................................................... 1 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 11 1,969 43.02

 Lee ............................................................. 1 W W

 Leslie ......................................................... 11 5,136 44.31

 Letcher....................................................... 31 6,733 45.48

 Magoffin .................................................... 4 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
54 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2006 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Martin ........................................................ 12 5,515 43.58

 Morgan....................................................... 2 W W

 Muhlenberg................................................ 7 W W

 Ohio ........................................................... 1 W W

 Owsley....................................................... 2 W W

 Perry........................................................... 29 15,048 48.77

 Pike ............................................................ 94 24,435 49.75

 Rockcastle.................................................. 1 W W

 Union ......................................................... 3 W W

 Webster...................................................... 3 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 3 W W

Louisiana ..................................................... 2WW

 De Soto ...................................................... 1 W W

 Red River................................................... 1 W W

Maryland ..................................................... 15 4,557 30.63

 Allegany..................................................... 9 1,463 26.99

 Garrett........................................................ 6 W W

Mississippi ................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw..................................................... 1 W W

Missouri ....................................................... 2WW

 Bates .......................................................... 2 W W

Montana....................................................... 6 40,467 10.42

 Big Horn .................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell................................................ 1 W W

 Richland..................................................... 1--

 Rosebud ..................................................... 1 W W

New Mexico ................................................. 4 22,132 29.15

 Mckinley.................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan..................................................... 2 W W

North Dakota .............................................. 4 26,256 10.70

 Mclean ....................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer........................................................ 2 W W

 Oliver......................................................... 1 W W

Ohio.............................................................. 44 21,026 27.40

 Athens........................................................ 1 W W

 Belmont ..................................................... 5 W W

 Carroll........................................................ 3 W W

 Columbiana................................................ 3 W W

 Coshocton.................................................. 2 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 9 2,670 30.81

 Jackson....................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson..................................................... 7 W W

 Monroe....................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum................................................ 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 2 W W

 Perry........................................................... 2 W W

 Stark........................................................... 3 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 3 W W

 Vinton ........................................................ 1 W W

Oklahoma .................................................... 9 1,862 30.75

 Craig .......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell....................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore...................................................... 6 927 29.25

 Nowata....................................................... 1 W W

Pennsylvania ............................................... 180 63,690 37.42

 Allegheny................................................... 3 W W

 Armstrong.................................................. 22 4,653 36.31

 Beaver........................................................ 1 W W

 Bedford ...................................................... 1 W W

 Butler......................................................... 4 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 7 904 50.85

 Cameron..................................................... 1 W W

 Centre......................................................... 1 W W

 Clarion ....................................................... 3 W W

 Clearfield ................................................... 29 3,391 44.46

 Columbia ................................................... 3 W W

 Elk.............................................................. 5 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 9 W W

 Greene........................................................ 8 40,340 37.02

 Indiana ....................................................... 16 1,547 32.48

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 55

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2006 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Jefferson..................................................... 10 431 36.13

 Lackawanna............................................... 1 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 1 W W

 Luzerne ...................................................... 3 W W

 Lycoming................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer........................................................ 1 W W

 Northumberland......................................... 5 W W

 Schuylkill................................................... 18 494 33.27

 Somerset .................................................... 21 4,236 36.33

 Washington................................................ 3 W W

 Westmoreland............................................ 3 W W

Tennessee..................................................... 20 2,800 41.37

 Anderson.................................................... 3 W W

 Campbell.................................................... 4 W W

 Claiborne ................................................... 12 1,906 36.67

 Cumberland ............................................... 1 W W

Texas ............................................................ 12 12,563 18.61

 Atascosa..................................................... 1--

 Bastrop....................................................... 1--

 Freestone.................................................... 1--

 Harrison ..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins...................................................... 1--

 Leon........................................................... 1 W W

 Panola ........................................................ 2--

 Robertson................................................... 1 W W

 Rusk........................................................... 1--

 Titus........................................................... 2--

Utah.............................................................. 12 12,735 24.98

 Carbon ....................................................... 5 10,213 24.18

 Emery......................................................... 6 W W

 Sevier......................................................... 1--

Virginia........................................................ 114 20,823 52.99

 Buchanan ................................................... 36 W W

 Dickenson .................................................. 15 768 49.54

 Lee ............................................................. 3 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 6 W W

 Tazewell..................................................... 5 W W

 Wise........................................................... 49 10,639 47.63

Washington ................................................. 1--

 Lewis ......................................................... 1--

West Virginia .............................................. 267 136,560 45.94

 Barbour...................................................... 8 1,352 25.06

 Boone......................................................... 45 29,575 49.48

 Brooke ....................................................... 1 W W

 Clay............................................................ 2 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 15 4,802 48.83

 Grant .......................................................... 4 W W

 Greenbrier.................................................. 5 419 68.34

 Harrison ..................................................... 4 W W

 Kanawha .................................................... 18 13,195 48.41

 Lincoln....................................................... 3 W W

 Logan......................................................... 21 11,304 45.38

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Marshall..................................................... 2 W W

 Mason ........................................................ 1 W W

 Mcdowell................................................... 42 3,874 62.01

 Mercer........................................................ 1 W W

 Mineral....................................................... 1 W W

 Mingo......................................................... 28 9,091 49.62

 Monongalia................................................ 6 W W

 Nicholas..................................................... 11 W W

 Preston ....................................................... 1--

 Raleigh....................................................... 16 7,347 57.65

 Randolph.................................................... 2 W W

 Tucker........................................................ 1 W W

 Upshur ....................................................... 3 W W

 Wayne........................................................ 5 W W

 Webster...................................................... 5 W W

 Wyoming ................................................... 14 5,492 56.65

Wyoming...................................................... 20 372,112 9.03

See footnotes at end of table. 
56 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2006 (Continued) 

(Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Wyoming (continued) 

 Campbell.................................................... 13 330,742 8.75

 Carbon ....................................................... 1 W W

 Converse .................................................... 1 W W

 Lincoln....................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 4 W W

U.S. Total.................................................... . 1,210 978,665 25.16

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 57

Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2006 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama............................................. 48.39 - - - 48.39

Alaska ................................................ - W - - W

Arizona .............................................. W --- W

Arkansas ............................................ W --- W

Colorado ............................................ W W - - 24.27

Illinois................................................ 31.17 - - - 31.17

Indiana ............................................... 27.27 - - - 27.27

Kansas................................................ W --- W

Kentucky Total .................................. 42.73 - - - 42.73

 Eastern ............................................. 46.68 - - - 46.68

 Western............................................ 29.76 - - - 29.76

Louisiana ........................................... - - W - W

Maryland............................................ 30.63 - - - 30.63

Mississippi......................................... - - W - W

Missouri............................................. W --- W

Montana............................................. - 10.42 - - 10.42

New Mexico ...................................... W W - - 29.15

North Dakota ..................................... - - 10.70 - 10.70

Ohio ................................................... 27.40 - - - 27.40

Oklahoma........................................... 30.75 - - - 30.75

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 37.30 - - 43.61 37.42

 Anthracite ........................................ - - - 43.61 43.61

 Bituminous ...................................... 37.30 - - - 37.30

Tennessee........................................... 41.37 - - - 41.37

Texas.................................................. - - 18.61 - 18.61

Utah ................................................... 24.98 - - - 24.98

Virginia.............................................. 52.99 - - - 52.99

West Virginia Total ........................... 45.94 - - - 45.94

 Northern........................................... 35.48 - - - 35.48

 Southern........................................... 49.94 - - - 49.94

Wyoming ........................................... - 9.03 - - 9.03

 

U.S. Total........................................... 39.32 9.95 14.00 43.61 25.16 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
58 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2006 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000 .................................................... 35.01 14.47 20.24

500 to 1,000.................................................. 44.51 42.23 43.42

200 to 500 ..................................................... 45.71 43.67 44.67

100 to 200 ..................................................... 46.34 42.61 44.36

50 to 100 ....................................................... 48.26 44.80 46.51

10 to 50 ......................................................... 48.44 42.09 43.82

U.S. Total..................................................... 38.28 18.88 25.16 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 59

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2006 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama......................................................................................... 48.39 -

Alaska ............................................................................................ W -

Arizona .......................................................................................... W -

Arkansas ........................................................................................ W -

Colorado ........................................................................................ 24.27 38.12

Illinois............................................................................................ 31.17 37.00

Indiana ........................................................................................... 27.27 36.35

Kansas............................................................................................ W -

Kentucky Total .............................................................................. 42.73 44.34

 Eastern ......................................................................................... 46.68 47.03

 Western........................................................................................ 29.76 16.61

Louisiana ....................................................................................... W W

Maryland........................................................................................ 30.63 -

Mississippi..................................................................................... W -

Missouri......................................................................................... W -

Montana......................................................................................... 10.42 W

New Mexico .................................................................................. 29.15 W

North Dakota ................................................................................. 10.70 W

Ohio ............................................................................................... 27.40 25.66

Oklahoma....................................................................................... 30.75 W

Pennsylvania Total ........................................................................ 37.42 53.37

 Anthracite .................................................................................... 43.61 W

 Bituminous .................................................................................. 37.30 W

Tennessee....................................................................................... 41.37 -

Texas.............................................................................................. W 13.70

Utah ............................................................................................... 24.98 21.91

Virginia.......................................................................................... 52.99 57.84

Washington.................................................................................... - W

West Virginia Total ....................................................................... 45.94 52.79

 Northern....................................................................................... 35.48 50.84

 Southern....................................................................................... 49.94 53.44

Wyoming ....................................................................................... 9.03 10.13

U.S. Total...................................................................................... 25.16 21.62 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market 

coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive 

market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge 

operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
60 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Average Consumer Prices 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 61

Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2006, 2005 

(Dollars per Short Ton) 

2006 2005 Annual Percent Change 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

New England ................................ 67.59 W - 65.39 85.57 - 3.4 W -

 Connecticut................................ - - - - - - - - -

 Maine......................................... - W -- W - - 12.1 -

 Massachusetts............................ 68.02 W - 71.71 W - -5.1 -13.0 -

 New Hampshire......................... 67.49 - - 63.78 - - 5.8 - -

 Rhode Island.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont..................................... - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic ............................ 55.69 W W 51.97 W W 7.2 13.4 11.3

 New Jersey................................. 74.36 W - 67.55 W - 10.1 11.7 -

 New York .................................. 58.48 74.79 W 54.94 54.85 W 6.4 36.4 5.0

 Pennsylvania.............................. 39.35 52.46 W 38.77 51.09 W 1.5 2.7 11.5

East North Central ...................... 33.03 56.98 99.48 30.45 53.89 89.97 8.5 5.7 10.6

 Illinois........................................ 25.16 36.95 W 21.43 33.10 W 17.4 11.6 7.3

 Indiana ....................................... 31.94 59.83 W 30.15 58.11 W 5.9 3.0 11.5

 Michigan.................................... 32.67 71.34 W 30.95 70.05 W 5.6 1.8 1.8

 Ohio ........................................... 39.92 64.81 W 37.00 58.87 W 7.9 10.1 17.8

 Wisconsin .................................. 26.14 64.32 - 22.70 59.25 - 15.2 8.6 -

West North Central ..................... 17.95 28.18 - 16.47 24.00 - 9.0 17.4 -

 Iowa ........................................... 17.68 45.86 - 16.51 36.62 - 7.1 25.2 -

 Kansas........................................ 20.54 48.04 - 19.22 41.22 - 6.9 16.5 -

 Minnesota .................................. 21.55 43.14 - 19.73 39.50 - 9.2 9.2 -

 Missouri..................................... 19.46 45.72 - 17.86 41.06 - 9.0 11.3 -

 Nebraska .................................... 13.66 36.71 - 12.16 25.44 - 12.3 44.3 -

 North Dakota ............................. 11.71 W - 10.99 W - 6.6 6.1 -

 South Dakota ............................. 25.81 W - 24.82 W - 4.0 11.1 -

South Atlantic .............................. 56.23 W W 51.21 W W 9.8 8.7 -3.5

 Delaware.................................... - W -- W - - 8.5 -

 District of Columbia.................. - - - - - - - - -

 Florida........................................ 61.22 84.16 - 55.76 76.57 - 9.8 9.9 -

 Georgia ...................................... 52.59 83.85 - 47.84 76.23 - 9.9 10.0 -

 Maryland.................................... - 58.84 - - 56.10 - - 4.9 -

 North Carolina........................... 65.92 75.17 - 58.91 65.25 - 11.9 15.2 -

 South Carolina........................... 58.42 81.80 - 54.45 75.72 - 7.3 8.0 -

 Virginia...................................... 59.88 67.13 W 56.99 61.96 W 5.1 8.4 4.4

 West Virginia............................. 41.85 67.95 W 37.90 65.95 W 10.4 3.0 -10.8

East South Central ...................... 41.53 W W 36.91 W W 12.5 7.7 20.0

 Alabama..................................... 45.86 68.27 W 39.19 62.17 W 17.0 9.8 17.7

 Kentucky.................................... 40.29 70.68 W 36.01 65.42 W 11.9 8.0 22.5

 Mississippi................................. 54.62 W - 50.03 W - 9.2 10.0 -

 Tennessee................................... 36.22 66.90 - 33.14 63.09 - 9.3 6.0 -

West South Central ..................... 23.46 W - 21.55 W - 8.9 17.1 -

 Arkansas .................................... 25.79 67.28 - 25.56 61.67 - 0.9 9.1 -

 Louisiana ................................... 28.00 W - 24.66 W - 13.5 14.1 -

 Oklahoma................................... 18.96 38.59 - 17.55 34.00 - 8.0 13.5 -

 Texas.......................................... 24.00 32.65 - 21.53 26.48 - 11.5 23.3 -

Mountain ...................................... 24.80 38.28 - 23.30 35.93 - 6.4 6.5 -

 Arizona ...................................... 28.48 48.22 - 28.16 48.24 - 1.1 -0.1 -

 Colorado .................................... 25.18 W - 20.89 W - 20.5 26.2 -

 Idaho .......................................... - 40.57 - - 37.07 - - 9.5 -

 Montana..................................... 14.54 W - 11.63 W - 25.0 8.6 -

 Nevada....................................... 39.75 W - 34.44 W - 15.4 13.4 -

 New Mexico .............................. 29.01 W - 27.68 W - 4.8 4.9 -

 Utah ........................................... 27.49 44.46 - 24.71 42.22 - 11.3 5.3 -

 Wyoming ................................... 17.61 27.08 - 16.71 25.89 - 5.4 4.6 -

Pacific............................................ 21.62 58.12 - 21.33 50.62 - 1.4 14.8 -

 Alaska ........................................ - - - - - - - - -

 California................................... - 57.63 - - 50.22 - - 14.8 -

 Hawaii........................................ - W -- W - - 3.8 -

 Oregon ....................................... 21.62 W - 21.33 - - 1.4 W -

 Washington................................ - W -- W - - 8.1 -

U.S. Total...................................... 34.26 51.67 92.87 31.22 47.63 83.79 9.7 8.5 10.8 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Includes manufacturing plants only. 

 Source: • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information 

Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Qualtiy Report, Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, 

Coke Plants." 
62 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 63

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
64 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 65

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 
66 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2006 67

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions.