This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2016).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A16-1115

In re: Guardianship and Conservatorship

of Carolyn H. Jemison.

Filed January 23, 2017

Affirmed

Kirk, Judge

Olmsted County District Court

File No. 55-PR-15-4778

John G. Westrick, Westrick & McDowall-Nix, P.L.L.P., St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant 

Terrence P. Duggins)

Kari C. Stonelake-Hopkins, William P. Volkmar, Dunlap & Seeger, P.A., Rochester, 

Minnesota (for respondent First Fiduciary Corporation)

Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Halbrooks, Judge; and 

Kirk, Judge. 

U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

KIRK, Judge

Appellant-attorney challenges the district court’s denial of his request for attorney 

fees arising from his legal representation of a ward who was involved in a conservatorship 

and guardianship dispute. Appellant asserts that the district court abused its discretion by 

disallowing: (1) fees incurred for time spent preparing to litigate and litigating the
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reasonableness of attorney fees; (2) fees incurred for time spent on telephone calls with the 

ward; and (3) fees based on its misinterpretation of the retainer agreement. We affirm.

D E C I S I O N

We review the district court’s award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion. 

Milner v. Farmers Ins. Exch., 748 N.W.2d 608, 620 (Minn. 2008). The district court’s 

determination concerning the reasonableness of fees is a fact question that we will not set 

aside unless clearly erroneous. In re Conservatorship of Mansur, 367 N.W.2d 550, 552 

(Minn. App. 1985), review denied (Minn. July 11, 1985). When determining the 

reasonableness of attorney fees, courts examine: (1) the time and labor required; (2) the 

attorney’s experience and knowledge; (3) the complexity and novelty of the problems 

involved in the estate; (4) the responsibility assumed and results obtained by the attorney; 

and (5) the assets available to pay for the services. Minn. Stat. § 525.515(b) (2016).

Carolyn H. Jemison, a ward, hired appellant-attorney Terrence P. Duggins to 

represent her as she challenged the appointment of a conservator and guardian to act in her 

best interests. Several months later, after the district court appointed a guardian and 

conservator for Jemison, Duggins claimed unpaid attorney fees totaling $104,574.47. The 

district court awarded Duggins and his associate, John G. Westrick, $78,287 in fees.

On appeal, Duggins challenges the district court’s denial of $7,195 in attorney fees 

incurred from preparing to litigate the reasonableness of his fees. Our review of the record 

confirms that the district court deducted $6,695 in fees, not the $7,195 as alleged by 

Duggins. The foreign law cited by Duggins in support of his argument that the district 

court abused its discretion in denying these fees is neither binding upon this court nor 
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persuasive. See Midland Credit Mgmt. v. Chatman, 796 N.W.2d 534, 536 n.3 (Minn. App. 

2011). Generally, the district court is most “familiar with all aspects of the action from its 

inception through post trial motions” and is in the best position to evaluate the 

reasonableness of requested attorney fees. Anderson v. Hunter, Keith, Marshall & Co.,

417 N.W.2d 619, 629 (Minn. 1988). Upon review of the record, we discern no clear error 

in the district court’s findings and conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion in 

denying to award these fees. 

Duggins next contends that the district court erred when it halved his fee for phone 

calls from Jemison to Duggins’s law firm from $2,765 to $1,382. He argues that under the 

Minnesota Rules of Professional Conduct, he was compelled to treat Jemison, who suffers 

from mental illness, with attention and respect. He points to Minn. R. Prof. Conduct 1.14, 

comment 2, which states that a lawyer who represents a client who has a legal 

representative, should “as far as possible accord the represented person the status of client, 

particularly in maintaining communication.” Duggins also justifies his billing in part due 

to communication difficulties with Jemison because she is hard of hearing.

We conclude that the district court did not clearly err in implicitly finding that 

Duggins also had a professional duty not to overcharge Jemison, a medically and mentally 

impaired person, who had a guardian who could help her with non-legal issues. Under the 

facts of the record, we cannot say that the district court abused its discretion in reducing 

this fee. Milner, 748 N.W.2d at 620.

Duggins also argues that the district court abused its discretion when it reduced his 

fee request of $27,545 for formal representation of Jemison in court to $10,000.
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A retainer agreement is a contract, and the court examines the language of the 

retainer agreement to determine the intent of the parties. See Untiedt v. Grand Labs., Inc., 

552 N.W.2d 571, 574 (Minn. App. 1996), review denied (Minn. Oct. 15, 1996). Part A of 

the retainer agreement authorized Duggins and any other attorney he may hire or designate 

to advise the client at $350 per hour. Under Part B of the agreement, Jemison agreed to 

pay Duggins $10,000 as a flat fee for formal representation of Jemison, including either

settlement of the case short of trial, or a trial. The flat fee was to be paid by credit card at 

the signing of the agreement. Jemison paid Duggins $10,000 by credit card the day before 

he filed a certificate of representation and he formally represented her at the first probate 

hearing. 

In a confusing set of arguments, Duggins contends that in an order dated August 13, 

2015, the district court ordered that Duggins’s right to be paid was subject to court 

approval, not the signed retainer agreement. But he also asserts that he should be paid 

according to the terms of the retainer agreement. He claims that he represented Jemison

through the entirety of the dispute under the terms of Part A of the agreement at an hourly 

rate that was to be drawn from the $10,000 payment, but that she never paid for any formal 

representation as outlined in Part B of the retainer agreement. Accordingly, he asserts that 

the district court erred in declining to order payment of his fees related to formal 

representation of Jemison under Part A of the agreement. 

If “a contract is unambiguous, a court gives effect to the parties’ intentions as 

expressed in the four corners of the instrument, and clear, plain, and unambiguous terms 
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are conclusive of that intent.” Knudsen v. Transps. Leasing/Contract, Inc., 672 N.W.2d 

221, 223 (Minn. App. 2003), review denied (Minn. Feb. 25, 2004). 

Here, Part B of the retainer agreement plainly states that a certificate of 

representation will be filed and formal representation will begin after the client paid a flat 

fee of $10,000. Jemison paid Duggins $10,000, and he formally represented her in a series 

of court hearings. There is no written addendum signed by Jemison reflecting Duggins’s 

claim that they agreed that she would pay him under Part A on an hourly rate. For these 

reasons, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying an award of fees for formal 

representation beyond $10,000.

Affirmed.