IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT KNOXVILLE

Assigned on Briefs June 29, 2016

STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JAMES WALTER MORGAN

Appeal from the Criminal Court for Hamblen County

No. 14-CR-318 Alex E. Pearson, Judge by Interchange

No. E2015-01959-CCA-R3-CD – Filed September 27, 2016

The Defendant, James Walter Morgan, was found guilty by a Hamblen County Criminal 

Court jury of theft of property valued at $500 or less, a Class A misdemeanor. See

T.C.A. § 39-14-103 (2014). The trial court sentenced the Defendant to eleven months, 

twenty-nine days of supervised probation. On appeal, the Defendant contends that the 

trial court erred in denying his request for judicial diversion. We affirm the judgment of 

the trial court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed 

ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CAMILLE 

R. MCMULLEN and ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., JJ., joined.

Jonathan M. Holcomb, Morristown, Tennessee, for the appellant, James Walter Morgan.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Benjamin A. Ball, Senior Counsel; 

Dan E. Armstrong, District Attorney General; and Connie G. Trobaugh, Assistant District 

Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

This case arises from the Defendant‟s refusal to return Gervasio Monterosas 

Sanchez‟s stolen truck to the place from which the Defendant towed it unless the victim 

paid him a sum of money, as well as from the Defendant‟s having the truck declared 

abandoned and selling it to another person.

At the trial, Morristown Police Detective Al Herrera testified that in August 2013, 

he was investigating reports of several stolen vehicles, including the victim‟s 1994 

Chevrolet Silverado truck. The victim reported that his truck had been towed without his 
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permission, and Detective Herrera said that the police department had not ordered the 

truck towed. The Defendant, who owned a towing company, approached the police and 

told them that Casey Wise had asked him to tow several vehicles, that Mr. Wise had not 

paid the Defendant for the towing service, and that the Defendant purchased the vehicles 

from Mr. Wise for $200 to $500 cash per vehicle. The Defendant became aware the 

vehicles were stolen, and Detective Herrera stated that the Defendant “knew better than 

[to] be towing vehicles.” Mr. Wise never had physical possession of the victim‟s truck. 

Mr. Wise admitted to the police that he told the Defendant to tow the vehicles, and Mr. 

Wise was charged with three counts of theft of property. Mr. Wise pleaded guilty on 

September 18, 2013, to one count of theft. 

On August 29, 2013, Detective Herrera spoke to the Defendant. Detective Herrera 

told the Defendant to return the victim‟s truck, and the Defendant agreed to comply. 

Detective Herrera did not retrieve the truck or ask the Defendant to take the truck to the 

police impound lot because the truck was not needed as evidence due to Mr. Wise‟s 

guilty plea and because Detective Herrera trusted the Defendant to return the truck. 

Detective Herrera had known the Defendant for a long time, and the Defendant had 

performed work for the police department as a city vendor. On August 20, Detective 

Herrera made a “recovery report” for the truck. Detective Herrera saw the truck in the 

Defendant‟s lot around October 10 and said the truck appeared to be in good condition.

Detective Herrera testified that the victim reported the value of his truck at $4000, 

that Detective Herrera had the same type of truck, and that Detective Herrera‟s truck had 

a similar value. The victim changed addresses several times but always maintained

contact with Detective Herrera. 

Detective Herrera testified that the victim contacted him after Detective Herrera‟s 

conversation with the Defendant and that the victim told him the Defendant had not 

returned the truck. The victim could not drive the truck because it needed a new battery. 

Detective Herrera spoke to the Defendant about the truck several times and “figured [the 

Defendant] would do the right thing.” Detective Herrera knew the Defendant‟s wife had 

medical issues and was receiving out-of-state treatment and said he wanted to give the 

Defendant the “benefit of the doubt” and time to return the truck. Detective Herrera 

spoke to the Defendant in October 2013 and asked him to contact the District Attorney‟s 

Office to arrange the truck‟s return. The Defendant told Detective Herrera that he had 

“some paperwork” relative to the truck. After Detective Herrera filed charges against the 

Defendant, Detective Herrera discovered that the truck had been declared abandoned and 

that the Defendant had sent certified letters to the victim regarding the truck. Detective 

Herrera said, though, that the papers did not affect his decision to charge the Defendant

and that he would not have charged the Defendant if the Defendant had returned the truck

to the victim. 
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On cross-examination, Detective Herrera testified that the Defendant volunteered 

the information about Mr. Wise, that the Defendant came to the police station after the 

victim reported the truck stolen, and that the Defendant cooperated with the police, came 

to court, and assisted in the prosecution of Mr. Wise. Detective Herrera thought that as a 

city vendor the Defendant would hold the truck for the police until Mr. Wise‟s case was 

resolved. Detective Herrera acknowledged that although Mr. Wise intended to plead 

guilty, the victim‟s truck could have been held as evidence in the event Mr. Wise decided 

to proceed to trial. He said, though, he believed Mr. Wise would ultimately enter a guilty 

plea. Detective Herrera did not accompany the victim to collect the truck and conceded

he should have ordered the Defendant to bring the truck to the police impound lot. 

Detective Herrera acknowledged that the Defendant would have given the victim the 

truck but for the victim‟s not wanting to pay the Defendant. The victim‟s police report 

reflected that the truck had not been operable for eight months before the theft. Detective 

Herrera acknowledged that he could have charged the Defendant with theft when Mr. 

Wise was charged. Detective Herrera said that the victim could have kept the truck for 

the police as evidence and that the Defendant paid Mr. Wise for the truck.

The victim testified through a translator that he came to the United States in 2003,

that he bought the truck around 2008 for $4700, and that the truck was stolen on August 

19, 2013. The title to the truck bearing the victim‟s name was received as an exhibit. On 

August 19, the victim left his apartment to pick up his children from school, and the truck 

was gone when he returned around 4:45 p.m. A neighbor told the victim that a red 

wrecker towed the truck, and the victim called the police to report the truck stolen. The 

victim said the truck was in good condition other than needing a new battery. The victim 

was in the process of moving at that time, and the truck contained clothing, the victim‟s 

daughter‟s possessions, dishes, tools, and a washer and dryer. The victim spoke to 

Detective Herrera when he completed the police report and at Mr. Wise‟s August 29

court hearing. Detective Herrera told the victim that he had spoken to the person who 

towed the victim‟s truck and that the victim should go to the towing company at 8 a.m. 

the following day to retrieve the truck. 

The victim testified that he went to the Defendant‟s towing company the next 

morning with his daughter, who acted as his interpreter. The Defendant refused to give 

the truck to the victim. On a subsequent visit, the Defendant told the victim he would 

call the police if the victim bothered him again. The victim‟s truck was never returned,

and the victim was not paid for the truck. The victim denied having received letters from 

the Defendant or having seen a newspaper advertisement about his truck. 

The victim testified that he communicated his new addresses to the trial court and

to Detective Herrera. The victim did not give his contact information to the Defendant. 

The victim valued his truck at $4000.
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On cross-examination, the victim testified that although he said in a previous 

hearing that the truck was drivable, the truck was operational but needed a new battery. 

The victim was unable to drive at the time the truck was stolen because of a recent

medical procedure. The victim did not take a tow truck or battery charger with him when 

he went to pick up the truck. Detective Herrera told the victim that the Defendant would 

return the truck to the victim‟s apartment. The victim did not ask Detective Herrera to 

accompany him to the Defendant‟s lot. Detective Herrera offered to show the Defendant 

where to leave the truck, but the victim told Detective Herrera to have the Defendant 

return the truck to the place where the Defendant had taken it. The victim visited the 

Defendant‟s towing company twice, once when the Defendant was not present, and once 

on August 30. The victim asked the Defendant to tow the truck to the place where the 

Defendant took it or to the victim‟s daughter‟s address. The victim received mail at his 

address, and he never received or refused to sign for a certified letter. 

Morristown Police Officer Michael Voccola testified that he created the recovery 

report relative to the victim‟s truck. Officer Voccola said that he visited the Defendant‟s 

towing company on August 20, 2013, that the Defendant told him that he bought the 

truck from Mr. Wise, that Mr. Wise asked him to take the truck to a scrap yard, and that 

the truck was at Barnes Recycling.

Morristown Police Detective Mark McElhaney testified that on August 19, 2013, 

he assisted patrol officers in investigating several stolen vehicles. He read the written 

statement he took from the Defendant into the record. The Defendant described several 

interactions with Mr. Wise and another man, both of whom worked at Barnes Recycling, 

in which the men called the Defendant about junk vehicles that needed to be towed. The 

Defendant towed the vehicles, and the men later approached the Defendant about selling 

the vehicles for cash to third parties. Relative to the victim‟s truck, the statement said, 

Casey [Wise] called me Monday afternoon [August 19] and sold me the 

truck on Liberty Hill Rd. and we agreed on $275.00. Casey came to my 

garage about 04:00 pm before I picked up the truck. I gave [Mr. Wise] the 

Money and got a receipt. I then went and picked up the truck at Liberty 

Hill Rd. and took it back to my lot.

Detective McElhaney said the Defendant was a witness, not a suspect. The 

Defendant did not show Detective McElhaney title documents for the vehicles the

Defendant purchased from Mr. Wise, and Detective McElhaney did not remember the 

Defendant‟s saying he had seen title documents before purchasing the vehicles.

On cross-examination, Detective McElhaney testified that the Defendant showed 

him the receipts the Defendant gave Mr. Wise. Detective Herrera was assigned any

necessary follow-up investigation. The Defendant told Detective McElhaney that the 
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victim‟s truck had been sold, but Detective McElhaney became aware later that the truck 

had not been sold and was parked on the Defendant‟s lot. 

Leticia Monterosas, the victim‟s daughter, testified that she went with the victim 

to speak to the Defendant on August 30, 2013, and that she interpreted the conversation. 

She saw the victim‟s truck parked on the Defendant‟s lot. The victim gave the Defendant 

two addresses to which he could take the truck. The Defendant asked the victim to show 

him the title to the truck, and when the victim did so, the Defendant laughed, did not 

believe them, and said he would take the truck back to the victim‟s apartment for $400, to 

be paid with a $200 deposit and the remainder when the towing was complete. The 

Defendant told them that if they returned, he would call the police. The victim and Ms. 

Monterosas did not return. She later said, though, that the victim may have gone back to 

the lot on another occasion.

On cross-examination, Ms. Monterosas testified that they only spoke to the 

Defendant once, that the truck was not functional at that time, and that something was 

wrong with the tire. The Defendant did not tell them to call Detective Herrera. Detective 

Herrera did not offer to accompany them, and the victim told Ms. Monterosas that if 

Detective Herrera did not want to accompany them to the Defendant‟s lot, they could not 

force the detective to accompany them. 

Alfredo Monterosas, the victim‟s son, testified that he lived with the victim in 

October 2013, that he gave the victim the mail daily, and that the victim did not receive a 

certified letter or notice of a certified letter. Mr. Monterosas was with the victim when he 

bought the truck for about $4500, and Mr. Monterosas drove the truck to school. Mr. 

Monterosas said that the truck‟s brake caliper needed repairing and that the truck had 

been parked for six to eight months. The truck contained Ms. Monterosas‟s washer and 

dryer, two coffee tables, and some clothes from yard sales. Mr. Monterosas did not know 

how much the truck was worth when it was stolen. 

Hamblen County Chief Deputy Clerk Penny Petty testified that she oversaw the 

office governing vehicle titles and registration. She identified paperwork the Defendant 

submitted to the clerk‟s office. Ms. Petty identified a September 3, 2013 towing bill, 

which stated the Defendant had towed the truck at the request of the owner, “Steve 

Mayes,” who was the Defendant‟s employee. The Defendant submitted a September 4, 

2013 request to verify the owner of the victim‟s truck. A September 19, 2013 response 

from the State reflected the victim was the truck‟s owner. Ms. Petty identified a piece of 

certified mail postmarked September 19, 2013, which was addressed to the victim and

was stamped “return to sender” and “unable to forward.” She noted it did not read 

“refused.” She said that declaring a vehicle abandoned required sending the previous 

owner a certified letter. Ms. Petty identified an October 9, 2013 notice published in the 

newspaper that included the victim‟s truck in a list of vehicles to be sold at auction. Ms. 
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Petty identified a January 14, 2014 application to have a vehicle declared abandoned, 

which she said was usually completed by a person seeking to acquire title to a vehicle. 

Ms. Petty identified a January 15, 2014 application to acquire the title to the victim‟s

truck. Ms. Petty identified documents showing the truck had been sold to another person 

on September 10, 2014, for $400. Ms. Petty said that the Defendant followed the legal 

procedure to acquire the title to the truck and that the certified letter was sent to the 

address reflected on the victim‟s state records. 

The Defendant testified that he was sixty-five years old and had never been 

convicted of a crime other than traffic violations. He owned a towing company that 

consisted of a single tow truck and had not been a city vendor for twenty years. Greg 

Calloway, who worked for Barnes Recycling Service in Dandridge, called the Defendant 

and told him Mr. Calloway had a junk vehicle to sell. Barnes Recycling purchased 

vehicles located far from Dandridge and would generally call the Defendant if a vehicle 

were located in Morristown. The Defendant would pay for a vehicle and obtain a receipt 

from the owner, and he would tow the vehicle to Barnes Recycling, where he would be 

reimbursed for the cost of the vehicle and paid for the towing service. 

The Defendant testified that the first time Mr. Wise asked the Defendant to tow a 

car, Mr. Wise purported to be the owner of a car that had been parked in front of an 

abandoned house for several years. The Defendant said that Mr. Wise came to his office 

and asked the Defendant to tow the car and that the Defendant copied Mr. Wise‟s

identification and made a receipt for Mr. Wise. The Defendant later towed the car. The 

Defendant described similar transactions with Mr. Wise involving several other vehicles, 

only one of which was not stolen. The Defendant agreed to purchase the victim‟s truck 

for $275 to $300 on August 19. The Defendant eventually sold the truck to a man for 

$500. 

The Defendant learned that the vehicles he towed for Mr. Wise had been stolen 

when he towed his neighbor‟s car for Mr. Wise. The Defendant and his neighbor

discussed the car, and the neighbor denied having sold it. The Defendant immediately 

called the police, and as the Defendant spoke to the police, Mr. Wise called him again. 

Mr. Wise agreed to meet the Defendant at his lot, and the police arrested Mr. Wise there. 

After Mr. Wise was arrested, the Defendant went to the police department, made a 

statement about the vehicles he towed, and showed the police the receipts. The 

Defendant said that he was never compensated for the money he paid Mr. Wise or for the 

towing fee. 

After it was revealed that the vehicles had been stolen, the Defendant bought the

victim‟s truck back from the man who had purchased it and towed it back to his lot. On 

the way to his lot, the Defendant saw Detective Ron Sargent and asked the detective

where the Defendant should take the truck. The Defendant said that Detective Sargent 
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“wasn‟t aware that was one of the [stolen] vehicles,” made a telephone call, and told the 

Defendant to take the truck to the Defendant‟s lot.

The Defendant said that the truck‟s fuel pump was broken, that some of the tires 

were flat, that the battery was missing, and that the truck was full of old clothing. The 

Defendant valued the truck at about $500. 

The Defendant received a subpoena for Mr. Wise‟s court hearing, and after court, 

Detective Herrera called him and said that the victim had come to pick up the truck at the 

Defendant‟s lot while the Defendant was in court. The Defendant said that his employee 

spoke to the victim, that the employee did not know the circumstances of how the truck

came to the lot, that generally, if a vehicle stayed at the lot for a certain number of days, 

he charged a storage fee, and that the employee asked the victim for $400 in storage fees. 

Detective Herrera asked if the Defendant could “work with” the victim, and the 

Defendant told Detective Herrera to have the victim come to the lot the following 

morning. 

The victim came to the Defendant‟s lot the following morning with the truck‟s 

title, but the Defendant said the victim had no identification. The victim told the 

Defendant to have Mr. Wise pay the bill, the Defendant suggested the victim‟s paying 

$100 to cover the towing, and the victim left. The Defendant denied threatening to call 

the police if the victim returned. The Defendant spoke to two police officers and to 

Detective Herrera about the truck and told them that the victim would have to retrieve the 

truck because the Defendant would not continue to store it. The police never ordered the 

Defendant to turn the truck over to the victim. The Defendant never told Detective 

Herrera that Detective Herrera could not take the truck, and Detective Herrera never 

attempted to retrieve the truck. The police never attempted to take the truck to their 

impound lot.

Detective Herrera visited the Defendant on a Tuesday in August 2013 and told 

him that the District Attorney wanted the Defendant charged and that the Defendant

needed to call the District Attorney‟s Office. When the Defendant called the District 

Attorney, he did not know to what Detective Herrera referred. 

The Defendant testified that he waited months before filing to have the truck 

declared abandoned. He said that he did everything the police asked him to do and that 

he completed all the paperwork necessary to obtain the truck‟s title. No one attempted to 

stop him. The Defendant sold the truck in late December 2013 or early January 2014. 

He sent the title transfer paperwork to his attorney and left Detective Herrera a voicemail 

message stating that the detective was welcome to pick up a copy of the paperwork. 
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On cross-examination, the Defendant testified that he bought five vehicles from 

Mr. Wise, three of which were stolen. He did not see the titles for any of the vehicles, 

although he saw a receipt for one vehicle. He towed one of the vehicles for Barnes 

Recycling and bought three others. The Defendant reiterated that his employee asked the 

victim for $400 and that the Defendant asked the victim for $100. The Defendant did not 

recall whether the victim showed him the truck‟s title. The Defendant denied telling the 

victim to leave the lot and said that he did not stop the victim from taking the truck. The 

Defendant said that Detective Sargent had accompanied Detective Herrera on a previous 

occasion and that the Defendant spoke to Detective Sargent because he saw him on the 

way back from retrieving the victim‟s truck. The Defendant said that originally, his 

employee Mr. Mayes sold the victim‟s truck to Mr. Mayes‟s neighbor for $500 and that 

Mr. Mayes signed the tow ticket. The Defendant stated that the police asked him to 

recover the truck and that he did not return the truck to the victim‟s apartment because 

Detective Sargent told him to take it to his lot. 

The Defendant acknowledged that he towed the victim‟s truck on August 19, 

2013, that he towed the truck again on September 3, 2013, that he inquired with the State 

as to its ownership on September 4, 2013, that the State responded on September 19, 

2013, and that the Defendant sent the certified letter to the victim the same day.

The Defendant denied that Detective Herrera asked him to return the victim‟s 

truck and called Detective Herrera a liar. The Defendant said that Detective Herrera did 

not tell him he could not charge the victim and only asked the Defendant if he could work 

with the victim. The Defendant said if the victim had wanted to take the truck without 

paying, the Defendant would not have stopped him. The Defendant stated that if he 

towed the truck somewhere, he expected to be paid and that he “had already towed it for 

the City of Morristown for nothing.” The Defendant denied telling Officer Voccola that 

the victim‟s truck was at the “crusher” and said he told Officer Voccola the truck had 

been sold. 

The Defendant acknowledged the newspaper notice only listed the year, make of 

the truck, and the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The Defendant knew the victim 

did not speak English. He said the State required a published notice within thirty days of 

a vehicle‟s being towed. He acknowledged that he knew the truck belonged to the 

victim. The Defendant said that the victim came to Mr. Wise‟s court hearing but denied 

that Detective Herrera spoke to the Defendant with the victim present after court. The 

Defendant left court before the hearing was finished. 

On redirect examination, the Defendant testified that the statutory procedure for 

having a car declared abandoned was the same regardless of the language the car‟s owner 

spoke. He never signed the statement Officer Voccola prepared. 
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On rebuttal, Detective Herrera testified that he talked to the Defendant on the steps 

of the courthouse after court adjourned. He said that he told the Defendant to return the 

truck to the victim and denied that he told the Defendant to work with the victim. He 

said that he told the Defendant to return the truck twice in person and several times on the 

telephone, including September 14, September 24, and October 10. Detective Herrera 

said that during the time in which, according to the Defendant‟s testimony, the victim 

visited the towing company the first time and spoke to the Defendant‟s employee, the 

victim was in court. The Defendant‟s neighbor delivered the abandonment paperwork to

the police department after the Defendant had been charged. Detective Herrera denied 

that the Defendant had called him about the paperwork being at his attorney‟s office. 

Detective Herrera was not aware of Detective Sargent‟s telling the Defendant to store the 

truck at his lot.

On cross-examination, Detective Herrera acknowledged that the Defendant said he 

would be happy to return the truck each time Detective Herrera told the Defendant to 

return it. He denied the Defendant told him the truck needed to be removed from his lot. 

Detective Herrera said that every time the victim tried to retrieve the truck, the Defendant 

“extorted” the victim and that the victim had no means to retrieve the truck by himself. 

Detective Herrera thought the Defendant had an obligation to return the truck to the place

from where he took it. When asked whether the police department had an obligation to 

return evidence to its owner, Detective Herrera said that the truck was not needed as 

evidence after Mr. Wise pleaded guilty, that the Defendant was in possession of stolen 

property and had an obligation to return it, and that the Defendant was not in charge of 

evidence for the city. To Detective Herrera‟s knowledge, no one from the city or the 

police department asked the Defendant to store the truck. 

Upon this evidence, the jury convicted the Defendant of misdemeanor theft. At 

the sentencing hearing, the trial court noted that the Defendant‟s presentence report 

reflected no prior convictions other than speeding tickets, that the Tennessee Bureau of 

Investigation (TBI) verified the Defendant had not received diversion previously, that the 

Defendant did not have a previous disqualifying conviction, and that a previous arrest had

been resolved without a conviction. Relative to confinement, the court found that the 

testimony at trial established that the Defendant purchased vehicles from Mr. Wise in a 

very short period of time, that the Defendant spoke to one of the owners of the vehicles

and realized “he was not legitimately buying those vehicles,” and that the Defendant 

contacted the police, gave a statement, and came to court to testify against Mr. Wise. The 

court concluded, 

Based on the facts and evidence introduced at trial, the Court is of the 

opinion that this is not an appropriate case for a judicial diversion. 

However, the Court is also mindful of the fact that the jury in its note out to 

the Court that they didn‟t want to see the defendant incarcerated, I don‟t 
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think that incarceration would serve as a deterrent to Mr. Morgan any more 

than probation would. I don‟t think that incarceration or the unique facts of 

this particular case would serve as a deterrent any more for anybody else. It 

is a unique case. 

The trial court sentenced the Defendant to eleven months and twenty-nine days‟ 

supervised probation and ordered the Defendant to pay the victim $500 restitution. 

At the motion for a new trial hearing, relative to the denial of judicial diversion, 

the trial court found relative to deterrence that the Defendant‟s testimony about a flexible 

fee was not credible and that the denial of diversion was necessary to deter the Defendant 

and others from similar behavior. Relative to the failure to accept responsibility for the 

crime, the court found that the Defendant “continues to insist . . . that he hasn‟t 

committed a crime, which the Court does not accept[.]” Relative to the nature of the 

offense, the court found that the offense was “particularly suited” for denying diversion 

because the Defendant misused the law when he applied to have the truck declared 

abandoned. The court denied the motion for a new trial, and this appeal followed. 

The Defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying judicial diversion. He 

argues that the court did not consider the appropriate factors and did not articulate its 

reasoning on the record. The State responds that the court properly denied diversion and 

that although the court did not articulate its reasoning at the sentencing hearing, the court

set out detailed findings at the motion for a new trial hearing. 

A trial court may order judicial diversion for certain qualified defendants who are 

found guilty of or plead guilty or nolo contendere to a Class C, D, or E felony or a lesser 

crime; have not previously been convicted of a felony or a Class A misdemeanor; and are 

not seeking deferral for a sexual offense. See T.C.A. § 40-35-313(a)(1)(B)(i) (Supp. 

2013) (amended 2014). The grant or denial of judicial diversion is within the discretion 

of the trial court. State v. King, 432 S.W.3d 316, 323 (Tenn. 2014) (citing T.C.A. § 40-

35-313(a)(1)(A)). When considering whether to grant judicial diversion, a trial court 

must consider (1) the defendant‟s amenability to correction, (2) the circumstances of the 

offense, (3) the defendant‟s criminal record, (4) the defendant‟s social history, (5) the 

defendant‟s physical and mental health, (6) the deterrence value to the defendant and 

others, and (7) whether judicial diversion will serve the ends of justice. State v. 

Electroplating, 990 S.W.2d 211, 229 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998); State v. Parker, 932 

S.W.2d 945, 958 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996); see King, 432 S.W.3d at 326 (stating that 

recent caselaw affecting the standard of review for sentencing determinations “did not 

abrogate the requirements set forth in Parker and Electroplating, which are essential 

considerations for judicial diversion”). “The record must reflect that the court has 

weighed all of the factors in reaching its determination.” Electroplating, 990 S.W.2d at 

229. “In reaching its decision, the trial court is not required to recite on the record all of 
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the . . . factors; however, the record should reflect that the trial court considered all of the 

factors in rendering its decision and that it „identified the specific factors applicable to the 

case before it.‟” State v. Dycus, 456 S.W.3d 918, 930 (Tenn. 2015) (citing King, 432 

S.W.3d at 327). 

If a trial court refuses to grant judicial diversion, “[T]he court should clearly 

articulate and place in the record the specific reasons for its determinations.” Parker, 932 

S.W.2d at 958-59. “The truthfulness of a defendant, or lack thereof, is a permissible 

factor for a trial judge to consider in ruling on a petition for suspended sentence.” State 

v. Neeley, 678 S.W.2d 48, 49 (Tenn. 1984)

On review of a decision to grant or deny judicial diversion, this court will apply a 

presumption of reasonableness if the record reflects that the trial court considered the 

Parker and Electroplating factors, specifically identified the relevant factors, and placed 

on the record the reasons for granting or denying judicial diversion, provided any 

substantial evidence exists to support the court‟s decision. King, 432 S.W.3d at 327. If, 

however, the trial court failed to weigh and consider the relevant factors, this court may 

conduct a de novo review or remand the case for reconsideration. Id. at 328.

At the sentencing hearing, the trial court failed to articulate that it had considered 

the relevant factors or its reasoning in denying diversion. However, at the motion for a 

new trial hearing, the court set out its reasoning in detail. The record as a whole reflects 

that the court considered the appropriate factors and denied diversion due to the nature of 

the offense, the Defendant‟s misuse of the abandonment statute, the need to deter the 

Defendant and others from similar behavior, and the Defendant‟s failing to accept 

responsibility for the offense. We note that at the sentencing hearing, the court discussed 

the Defendant‟s lack of a criminal record in the context of eligibility for diversion. We 

conclude that the court placed sufficient findings on the record to apply a presumption of 

reasonableness. 

The Defendant has not presented evidence that the trial court abused its discretion 

in denying diversion, and the record contains substantial evidence to support the denial. 

Although the Defendant had no prior convictions, the circumstances of the offense and 

the Defendant‟s reaction to the charges were of particular concern to the court. The court 

found that, after the Defendant discovered he was unwittingly part of a theft operation, he

failed to return the stolen property and attempted to maintain control of the truck until the 

victim paid a fee, which the victim was not obligated to pay because the Defendant 

unlawfully took the victim‟s truck without the victim‟s consent. The Defendant showed a 

lack of remorse or awareness that his actions constituted a criminal offense. We note the 

Defendant‟s pretrial October 2, 2014 statement in a questionnaire that “I followed TN 

law on abandoned cars.” Although the presentence report is not included in the record, 

the court found the Defendant “continue[d] to insist” through trial counsel that he had not 
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committed a crime. The court found that denial of diversion was necessary to deter the 

Defendant from similar behavior in the future. The Defendant has not overcome the 

presumption of reasonableness, and he is not entitled to relief on this basis. 

In consideration of the foregoing and the record as a whole, we affirm the 

judgment of the trial court.

____________________________________

ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JUDGE