This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2016).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A16-0737

A16-1161

Jerald Hammann,

Appellant,

vs.

Wells Fargo Bank, N. A.,

Respondent,

and

Wells Fargo Bank N. A.,

Respondent,

vs.

Jeffrey Robert Busch,

Respondent,

Pamela Jean Busch,

Defendant,

Jerald Hammann,

Appellant.

Filed January 3, 2017

Affirmed

Kirk, Judge

Hennepin County District Court

File Nos. 27-CV-HC-16-719, 27-CV-HC-13-7239

Jerald Hammann, Minneapolis, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
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Jared D. Kemper, Kristina Kaluza, Dykema Gossett PLLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for 

respondent Wells Fargo Bank N. A.)

Jeffrey Robert Busch, Eden Prairie, Minnesota (respondent)

Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Halbrooks, Judge; and 

Kirk, Judge. 

U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

KIRK, Judge

In this consolidated appeal, appellant challenges the district court’s order dismissing

his claims of ouster, unlawful exclusion, and breach-of-landlord covenants against 

respondent bank, and the court’s denial of his motions to intervene and for relief from 

judgment in a closed eviction action. We affirm.

FACTS

Appellant Jerald Hammann entered a one-year residential lease to rent the property 

at issue in this case from respondent Jeffrey Robert Busch and defendant Pamela Jean 

Busch beginning January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010. On June 22, 2010, 

following the Busches’ default on their mortgage, respondent Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 

initiated a foreclosure by advertisement on the property. On October 4, 2011, the Hennepin 

County Sheriff sold the property to Wells Fargo in a foreclosure sale. The Busches did not 

redeem the property.

On November 26, 2013, Wells Fargo mailed a “demand for possession of property” 

letter addressed to the Busches, Hammann, “Occupant(s),” and any known or unknown 

tenants. The letter stated that Wells Fargo had purchased the property, informed tenants 
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that they were permitted to remain in the property for 90 days, and requested that tenants 

entitled to additional rights forward specified information to Wells Fargo’s counsel. 

Hammann maintains that he did not receive a copy of the demand for possession letter.

On December 12, 2013, after receiving no response regarding the property’s 

occupancy, Wells Fargo commenced an eviction action against the Busches, John Doe, and 

Mary Roe (the eviction action). Wells Fargo mailed a copy of the summons and complaint 

to the property, addressed to the Busches, Hammann, and “Occupant(s),” and later served 

the defendants by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint with Mr. Busch at the 

property. Hammann did not appear in the eviction action. The district court granted 

summary judgment in favor of Wells Fargo and awarded it possession of the property. By 

order opinion, this court affirmed the district court’s grant of summary judgment for Wells 

Fargo. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Jeffrey Robert Busch, Appellant, Pamela Jean Busch, et 

al., Defendants, No. A14-0645 (Minn. App. Feb. 2, 2015). 

On November 25, 2015, the district court issued a writ of recovery of premises for 

the property, which stated, “Plaintiff(s) is/are entitled to recovery from Defendant(s) of 

[the property],” and “[t]he Sheriff shall remove Defendant(s) from the property, using the 

force of the County if necessary, and return the premises to Plaintiff(s) according to the 

procedure set out in Minn. Stat. § 504B.365.” On December 10, 2015, Wells Fargo 

recovered possession of the property.

On February 5, 2016, Hammann filed an action against Wells Fargo, alleging 

claims of ouster under Minn. Stat. § 504B.231(a) (2014), unlawful exclusion or removal 

under Minn. Stat. § 504B.375 (2014), and breach-of-landlord covenants under Minn. Stat. 
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§ 504B.161 (2014). Wells Fargo moved to dismiss, or in the alternative, for summary 

judgment, arguing that Hammann failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted 

and that his claims are an impermissible collateral attack on the district court’s prior

issuance of a writ of recovery of the property. The district court granted Wells Fargo’s 

motion and dismissed Hammann’s claims with prejudice. Hammann moved to amend his 

complaint after Wells Fargo filed its motion to dismiss, but the district court determined 

his motion to amend was moot due to its dismissal with prejudice.

Next, in March and May, 2016, Hammann filed the following in the eviction action: 

(1) a notice to intervene; (2) a motion for relief from judgment; and (3) a motion to 

intervene as of right under Minn. R. Civ. P. 24.01. The district court denied Hammann’s 

motion to intervene because he had failed to properly serve all of the parties as required 

under rule 24.01 and because Hammann’s motion was untimely. The district court later

denied Hammann’s motion to review its prior decision and did not address the merits of 

Hammann’s motion for relief from judgment.

This consolidated appeal follows.

D E C I S I O N

I. The district court did not err in dismissing Hammann’s claims against Wells 

Fargo.

When reviewing a case dismissed under Minn. R. Civ. P. 12.02(e) for failure to state 

a claim upon which relief can be granted, the question before this court is whether the 

complaint sets forth a legally sufficient claim for relief. Bodah v. Lakeville Motor Express, 

Inc., 663 N.W.2d 550, 553 (Minn. 2003). Our standard of review is de novo. Id. “It is 
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immaterial to our consideration here whether or not the plaintiff can prove the facts 

alleged.” Elzie v. Comm’r of Pub. Safety, 298 N.W.2d 29, 32 (Minn. 1980). “But a legal 

conclusion in the complaint is not binding on us,” and “[a] plaintiff must provide more than 

labels and conclusions.” Bahr v. Capella Univ., 788 N.W.2d 76, 80 (Minn. 2010).

Acting pro se, Hammann argues that the district court erred in dismissing his claims 

of ouster, unlawful exclusion, and breach-of-landlord covenants under rule 12.02(e) as an 

improper collateral attack on the eviction action judgment. Specifically, Hammann bases 

his ouster and unlawful exclusion claims on Wells Fargo’s use of “John Doe,” and its

failure to name Hammann, in the eviction action. Hammann argues that such conduct

indicates that Wells Fargo acted unlawfully and in bad faith, thus rendering him outside 

the scope of the writ of recovery.

Hammann’s ouster claim requires him to establish that Wells Fargo acted 

“unlawfully and in bad faith” in removing or excluding Hammann from the property. 

Minn. Stat. § 504B.231(a). His unlawful-exclusion claim requires him to establish that 

Wells Fargo acted without a writ of recovery of the property and order to vacate in favor 

of Wells Fargo and against Hammann. Minn. Stat. § 504B.375, subd. 1(b)(2). Finally, his 

breach-of-landlord-covenants claim requires him to establish that a lease or license 

agreement existed between Wells Fargo and Hammann. Minn. Stat. § 504B.161.

First, the record includes numerous examples where Wells Fargo sought to identify 

and include all occupants, known and unknown, in the eviction action. Despite these 

efforts, Hammann did not appear in the eviction action and waited until February 2016 to 

challenge the district court’s order and writ of recovery of premises. As such, Hammann 
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is unable to allege facts sufficient to establish that Wells Fargo acted unlawfully and in bad 

faith, and his ouster claim must fail. Second, by entering judgment and issuing a writ of 

recovery for Wells Fargo, the district court determined that Wells Fargo was entitled to 

possess the property over the Busches and any unknown occupants. Therefore, Hammann 

is unable to establish that Wells Fargo acted without the proper writ of recovery and order 

to vacate, and his unlawful-exclusion claim fails. Third, Hammann concedes that he does 

not have a lease agreement with Wells Fargo; that he was not aware that Wells Fargo owned 

the property; and that he did not make any payments to Wells Fargo. Based on these 

concessions, Hammann is unable to allege facts sufficient to establish that a lease or license 

agreement existed, and therefore his breach-of-landlord-covenants claim must fail. 

Accordingly, the district court did not err in dismissing Hammann’s claims against Wells 

Fargo under rule 12.02(e).1 Because dismissal was appropriate, we need not consider 

whether Hammann’s claims were an improper collateral attack upon the eviction action 

judgment.

II. The district court did not err in denying Hammann’s motion to intervene in 

the eviction action or in denying review.

We review the appropriateness of an order denying intervention as of right de novo. 

Norman v. Refsland, 383 N.W.2d 673, 676 (Minn. 1986). As a nonparty to the eviction 

 

1 Because the record indicates that Hammann is unable to allege legally sufficient claims, 

the district court’s denial of his motion to amend was not a clear abuse of discretion. Johns 

v. Harborage I, Ltd., 664 N.W.2d 291, 295 (Minn. 2003). In addition, the district court 

properly denied Hammann’s request to enlarge the record because “a judge’s review of a 

decision recommended by the referee shall be based upon the record established before the 

referee,” and there is no indication that enlarging the record was necessary to prevent 

manifest injustice. Minn. R. Gen. Pract. 1.02, 611(a).
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action, Hammann must demonstrate the following: (1) a timely application for 

intervention; (2) an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of 

the action; (3) circumstances demonstrating that the disposition of the action may as a 

practical matter impair or impede the party’s ability to protect that interest; and (4) a 

showing that the party is not adequately represented by the existing parties. Minn. R. Civ. 

P. 24.01; see Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Schumacher, 392 N.W.2d 197, 207 (Minn. 

1986). Assessing the timeliness of a motion to intervene must be determined on a case-bycase basis. Engelrup v. Potter, 302 Minn. 157, 165, 224 N.W.2d 484, 487 (1974). Also, 

Minn. R. Civ. P. 24.03 requires a person desiring to intervene to serve all parties to the 

action.

Here, in assessing Hammann’s motion to intervene, the district court noted that 

“evictions are extremely limited, expedited actions that solely determine present right of 

possession to real property,” and that “[the eviction action] was commenced in 2013, and 

resulted in judgment for [Wells Fargo] in February of 2014 – more than two years ago.” 

In addition, Hammann concedes that he did not properly serve his notice and motion on 

the defendants in the eviction action. Based on this same reasoning, we conclude that 

Hammann’s motion to intervene was properly denied due to his ineffective service and his 

motion’s untimeliness.

Hammann further argues that the district court wrongfully denied review of the 

order denying his motion to intervene. The district court issued an order denying 

Hammann’s motion to intervene on June 29, 2016, and Hammann filed a notice of review 

on July 13, 2016. The record indicates that Hammann received service by electronic 
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means. Accordingly, the district court properly denied review because Hammann’s notice 

of review was not filed within the deadline established under Minn. R. Gen. Pract. 611(a).

III. Hammann’s motion for relief from judgment under Minn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 is 

improper.

This court has noted that the summary nature of an eviction proceeding “is 

comparable to the summary nature of the former unlawful-detainer proceeding.” Fraser v. 

Fraser, 642 N.W.2d 34, 40 (Minn. App. 2002). Such proceedings are intended to ascertain 

which party has the right to possess the land in question. Dahlberg v. Young, 231 Minn. 

60, 63-64, 42 N.W.2d 570, 573-74 (1950). “The supreme court has consistently held that 

post-trial orders in unlawful detainer proceedings are non-appealable.” Tonkaway Ltd. 

P’ship v. McLain, 433 N.W.2d 443, 443 (Minn. App. 1988). Accordingly, we do not 

review Hammann’s challenge to the district court’s denial of his rule 60.02 motion.

Affirmed.