1

STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

In re C.S.

No. 19-0261 (Kanawha County 18-JA-269)

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Petitioner Mother C.V., by counsel Edward L. Bullman, appeals the Circuit Court of 

Kanawha County’s February 27, 2019, order terminating her parental rights to C.S.

1 The West 

Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel S.L. Evans, filed a 

response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem, Matthew Smith, filed a 

response on behalf of the child in support of the circuit court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues 

that the circuit court erred in finding that she failed to correct the conditions of abuse and neglect 

that led to the prior involuntary termination of her parental rights to older children and denying 

her request for an improvement period.

2

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons, 

 

1Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials 

where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va. 

254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013); 

State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W. 

Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). 

2On appeal, petitioner does not raise a specific assignment of error regarding the 

termination of her parental rights. Additionally, at one point in her brief, petitioner states as 

follows: “The Trial Court Erred By Finding That The Respondent Mother Had Failed To Remedy 

The Circumstances Which Led To The Prior Involuntary Termination Of Her Parental Rights And 

Improperly Placed The Burden On The Parent.” However, in the corresponding argument in 

support of this assignment of error, petitioner does not assert that the burden of proof was 

improperly shifted and she does not otherwise provide any facts or authority in support of such an 

argument. As such, in accordance with Rule 10(c)(7) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate 

Procedure, we will not address this issue on appeal. 

FILED

September 13, 2019

EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

OF WEST VIRGINIA
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a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the 

Rules of Appellate Procedure.

In May of 2018, after the birth of C.S., the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition that 

alleged petitioner’s parental rights to six older children had previously been involuntarily 

terminated in two separate abuse and neglect proceedings.3 According to the petition, the prior 

involuntary terminations of parental rights were based on domestic violence in the home between 

petitioner and C.S.’s father, in addition to other issues. Although the petition indicated that 

petitioner and the father had separate residences, the DHHR alleged that their relationship 

continued, as evidenced by C.S.’s birth. Further, petitioner’s prior psychological evaluation 

indicated that petitioner’s prognosis for improved parenting was poor “and unlikely to improve, 

even with intervention,” if she chose to continue her relationship with the father. As such, the 

DHHR alleged that petitioner failed to remedy the conditions of abuse and neglect that led to the 

prior involuntary terminations of her parental rights. Petitioner thereafter waived her preliminary 

hearing. 

During the proceedings, the circuit court ordered petitioner to participate in parenting and 

adult life skills education, domestic violence classes, and other services. Visitation with the child 

was predicated on compliance with these services. However, in a report from September of 2018, 

one of petitioner’s service providers indicated that petitioner “denie[d] any wrong doing [sic] and 

state[d] that her children were taken from her for no reason.”

In October of 2018, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing. The DHHR presented 

testimony from two DHHR workers. Petitioner testified on her own behalf. Ultimately, the circuit 

court found that petitioner failed to remedy the conditions of abuse and neglect that resulted in the 

prior involuntary terminations of her parental rights to her older children. Further, the circuit court 

suspended petitioner’s supervised visitation at that time. In November of 2018, the parties 

convened for a multidisciplinary team (“MDT”) meeting. At this time, the DHHR and the guardian 

agreed to provide the parents with additional time to show compliance prior to disposition if they 

would agree to “not see[] one another, . . . and comply with domestic violence counseling,” among 

other conditions.

In December of 2018, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing. Prior to the hearing, 

the guardian filed a report that indicated petitioner failed to comply with domestic violence 

counseling or otherwise acknowledge the issues of abuse and neglect that necessitated the 

petition’s filing. During the hearing, the circuit court first denied petitioner’s motion for an 

improvement period upon findings that an improvement period would not be in the child’s best 

interests and that petitioner was unlikely to fully participate. Thereafter, the circuit court proceeded 

to disposition. In response to being asked what issues she needed to correct to be reunified with 

her child, petitioner responded as follows: “I thought you guys knew that. I mean, you all say 

there’s wrong here, but I have my own home. I’ve attended things that I can prove that I’m willing 

 

3

In July of 2018, the DHHR filed an amended petition to include more specific information 

regarding the prior proceedings that resulted in the involuntary termination of petitioner’s parental 

rights to her older children.
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to do. I mean, really, I would like to know the answer to why I don’t have my child.” When asked 

specifically if she believed she had not abused any of her children, petitioner responded that the 

prior proceedings were “over with” and that her parental rights to older children were “terminated 

. . . based upon . . . opinion with no evidence.” Petitioner further testified that, although given 

approximately one month to comply with domestic violence services, she attended her first 

domestic violence prevention class one day prior to the dispositional hearing. Even then, petitioner 

presented no evidence to corroborate her participation. Ultimately, the circuit court found that there 

was no reasonable likelihood petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and 

neglect and that termination of her parental rights was necessary for the child’s welfare. 

Accordingly, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights.

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It is from the dispositional 

order that petitioner appeals. 

The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de 

novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the 

facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the 

evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such 

child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing 

court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there 

is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left 

with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However, 

a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided 

the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the 

evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In 

Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996). 

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). On appeal, we find no error in the 

proceedings below. 

First, petitioner argues that it was error for the circuit court to find that she had not corrected 

the conditions of abuse and neglect that formed the basis of the prior involuntary terminations of 

her parental rights to her older children. According to petitioner, she remedied those prior 

conditions by virtue of her housing, employment, negative drug screens, and separation from the 

child’s father. Petitioner’s argument, however, ignores the fact that even if she did separate from 

the child’s father, this is insufficient to remedy the conditions of abuse and neglect at issue. 

We have previously held as follows:

[w]here there has been a prior involuntary termination of parental rights to a sibling, 

the issue of whether the parent has remedied the problems which led to the prior 

involuntary termination sufficient to parent a subsequently-born child must, at 

minimum, be reviewed by a court, and such review should be initiated on a petition 

 

4The father’s parental rights were also terminated below. According to respondents, the 

permanency plan is for the child to be adopted by the foster family that has adopted his siblings. 
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pursuant to the provisions governing the procedure in cases of child neglect or 

abuse set forth in West Virginia Code §§ [49-4-601 through 49-4-610]. Although 

the requirement that such a petition be filed does not mandate termination in all 

circumstances, the legislature has reduced the minimum threshold of evidence 

necessary for termination where one of the factors outlined in West Virginia Code 

§ [49-4-605(a)] is present.

In re Kyiah P., 213 W. Va. 424, 427, 582 S.E.2d 871, 874 (2003) (quoting syl. pt. 2, In the Matter 

of George Glen B., 205 W. Va. 435, 518 S.E.2d 863 (1999)). In regard to the domestic violence 

that formed the basis for the prior terminations, petitioner argues that this issue was remedied 

purely by her separation from the father. However, petitioner fails to recognize that, despite the 

fact that she claims the parties separated several years prior to the instant proceedings, she gave 

birth to the father’s child at issue on appeal, evidencing their continued relationship. Further, as 

late as one month prior to the dispositional hearing, the MDT allowed petitioner additional time to 

show compliance with services if, among other conditions, she and the father refrained from seeing 

one another. As such, even though petitioner argues that the relationship ended, the record 

illustrates otherwise.

Further, simply obtaining housing independent of the father did not remedy the conditions 

of abuse and neglect, as petitioner argues. During the proceedings below, the circuit court 

considered a psychological evaluation petitioner underwent during a prior proceeding. According 

to that evaluation, petitioner needed to undertake several steps to correct the domestic violence 

issues in the home, including completion of “a structured domestic violence intervention program” 

and parenting education to address “the effects of domestic violence on children.” The record 

shows that petitioner did not undertake these steps. Accordingly, we find no error in the circuit 

court’s finding that petitioner failed to remedy the conditions of abuse and neglect that led to the 

prior involuntary termination of her parental rights to her older children.

Petitioner next argues that she should have been entitled to an improvement period because 

she was complying with services and had taken steps to remedy the issues of abuse and neglect. 

Again, petitioner cites to several efforts she undertook, many of which have no bearing on the 

issues of domestic violence, to argue that she was already complying with the circuit court’s orders 

and, thus, was likely to fully participate in an improvement period. We do not agree. 

The decision to grant or deny an improvement period rests in the sound discretion of the 

circuit court. See In re M.M., 236 W. Va. 108, 115, 778 S.E.2d 338, 345 (2015) (“West Virginia 

law allows the circuit court discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement 

period.”); syl. pt. 6, in part, In re Katie S., 198 W. Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996) (“It is within the 

court’s discretion to grant an improvement period within the applicable statutory requirements . . 

. .”). We have also held that a parent’s “entitlement to an improvement period is conditioned upon 

the ability of the parent/respondent to demonstrate ‘by clear and convincing evidence, that the 

respondent is likely to fully participate in the improvement period.’” In re: Charity H., 215 W. Va. 

208, 215, 599 S.E.2d 631, 638 (2004). 

Importantly, petitioner’s argument on appeal ignores the fact that she failed to acknowledge 

the conditions of abuse and neglect at issue. Specifically, petitioner told a service provider early 
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in the proceedings that she had done nothing wrong and that her children were taken from her for 

no reason. Further, at the dispositional hearing, petitioner continued to indicate that she did not 

need to correct any issues and, in fact, expressed confusion as to why she did not have custody of 

her child. This evidence demonstrates that petitioner failed to acknowledge the issues through the 

entire pendency of the proceedings. As this Court has previously held,

[i]n order to remedy the abuse and/or neglect problem, the problem must first be 

acknowledged. Failure to acknowledge the existence of the problem, i.e., the truth 

of the basic allegation pertaining to the alleged abuse and neglect or the perpetrator 

of said abuse and neglect, results in making the problem untreatable and in making 

an improvement period an exercise in futility at the child’s expense.

In re Timber M., 231 W. Va. 44, 55, 743 S.E.2d 352, 363 (2013) (quoting Charity H., 215 W. Va. 

at 217, 599 S.E.2d at 640). Because petitioner failed to acknowledge the continuing issues of 

domestic violence, it is clear that an improvement period would have been an exercise in futility. 

As such, we find no error in the circuit court denying petitioner’s motion. 

For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its 

February 27, 2019, order is hereby affirmed.

Affirmed.

ISSUED: September 13, 2019

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

Justice Margaret L. Workman

Justice Tim Armstead

Justice Evan H. Jenkins

Justice John A. Hutchison