TECHNOLOGYUPDATETheAquaticFilterBarrier:RecentProjectsDemonstratingVersatilityandEffectivenessOVERVIEWOFTHETECHNOLOGYOrigination,SystemTypesandComponentsTechnologyOrigination•1986,Alaska•AquaticFilterBarrier(AFB)•SedimentDredgingDisposal,KachemakBay•EstablishmentofGunderboomforengineeredsolutionsTypesofSystemApplications•ReservoirProtectionSystemTM(RPS)•BeachProtectionSystemTM(BPS)•ParticulateControlSystemTM(PCS)•SoundAttenuationSystemTM(SAS)•MarineLifeExclusionSystemTM(MLES)–Curtain–Panel–Cartridge–IntakeFilterPool–OffshoreIntakeEnclosureReservoirProtectionSystemTM(RPS)KensicoRPS;WestchesterCounty,NYAchievessuccessfulreductionsfordrinkingwater:TSS– 93%,Turbidity– 96%,Coliforms– 99%BeachProtectionSystemTM(BPS)HarborIslandBeachBPS;Mamaroneck,NYKeepsbeachesopenallseasonlong.Protectsswimmingareasfromwaterbornehealthhazardsandcreatessaferecreationalbeachesandshores.RESULTSINSIDEOUTSIDESheen:PresentNot PresentTurbidity:96 NTU1.5NTUTSS:350mg/l13mg/lChrysene:0.36μg/lND(ex)ParticulateControlSystemTM(PCS)ExcavationwithClamShellSoundAttenuationSystemTM(SAS)Designedtomitigatethedamagingeffectsofsoundandpressurewavesproducedbyunderwaterconstructionanddemolitionactivities.OaklandBay,CA:Concussiveforceofdriving8‐ft.‐dia.pilesdeleterioustofishpopulations.SenecaLake,NY:Testingnewtechnologytomitigatenoisefromoffshoredrillingplatforms.MarineLifeExclusionSystemTM(MLES)HudsonRiver,NYSite‐specificallydesignedtopreventimpingementandentrainmentofichthyoplanktonandjuvenileaquaticandmarinelife.BestTechnologyAvailable;site‐specificbasis(section316(b)oftheCleanWaterAct).Through‐velocityis0.02fps,95%lessthanapprovedintakevelocity.Geotextiles,FineMeshGridsandKnotlessNettingNonwovenGB4508NonwovenGB4508,PerforatedWovenGWeave;0.425mmAOSSupplier2:0.25‐inKnotlessSupplier1:0.25‐inKnotlessFineMeshGrid;1.0,2.0,or5.0mmAFBFrameworkAload‐bearingskeletonofNylonwebbingsupportsthebarrierunderheavyloadingduetoambientcurrentsandintakeflows.AFBFramework20,000‐lb.Dyneema NettingSupportsFilterThroughoutLoad‐BearingSkeletonandConnectionPointsAFBAnchoringHelicalAnchors– SmallFootprintNavyAnchors– HeavyLoadingMLESAirBurstCleaningSystemCompressedAirDeliveryAutomatedAirBurstCleaningMLESAirBurstControlSystemReal‐TimeControlInterfaceHistoricalDataTrendingMLESTypes•Curtain:–Anchoredandfloating,sealedtobottomandalongshoreline•Panel:–Fixed,panelizedstructureenclosingintakebayarea•Cartridge:–CarriagestructureacceptsMLEScartridges,whichsupplyareservoirareawithfilteredwaterviaindividualpipesMLESIntakeFloatingPool(IFP)EnclosedfloatingpoolprovidesentrainmentprotectionforintakepipesMLESTypes:ProjectExamplesPROJECTSANDDEVELOPMENTSAnOverviewandUpdateofDemonstratedApplicationsBasicRequirementsofanMLESInordertoeffectivelydrawwaterthroughapassive,fine‐screenbarrierandexcludeandprotectplanktonicfisheggsandlarvaeinadditiontojuvenilesandlargerfish,anAFBsystemrequiresthatcertaindesignandoperationalcharacteristicsmustbemet:Sizeofperforationstopreventintakeoftargetorganismlifestages– 0.5‐mmapparentopeningsize(AOS)perforationswereaddedintoanon‐wovenfabricwithanAOSof150microns.Meshof0.5mmhasbeendemonstratedtoexcludeallornearlyalltargetedeggandlarvalspecies.Notoxicityoffabric– Thematerialusedispolypropylene,non‐toxicandnon‐leaching.EPRI‐sponsoredlaboratorytestingdemonstratedthelackofanyimpactforprolongedexposures(AldenLabs).Lowvelocitytominimizeimpingementofeggsorlarvae‐Averagehighestvelocitywas<0.02fps(0.55cm/s).Testingandobservationsweremadeofmultiplespeciesofeggsandlarvaeinflowingconditionsatarangeofvelocities,uptomorethandoublethedeployedsystemdesignvelocity.(HDR/LMS,E.Radle,EPRI/AldenLabs)Cleaningsystemthatdoesnotphysicallyimpactichthyoplankton– Pressuredair,releasedfromthebottomoffilterpanels,betweentwolayersoffilterfabric,reliesonfabricmovementor“shaking”ratherthananyphysicalcleaning,asbrushdevices,scrapingorhighpressurewater.Basedonobservations,the1—4cleaningcyclesperhourhasbeenconsideredanunlikelysourceofimpactonsurvivalrateswhileprovidingapotentialbenefitinfacilitatingtheprojectionofeggsthatmaybeclosetothefabricfurtherintotheambientcurrents.Additionalrequirementsarethosenecessarybasedonthefacilityoperation,location,andenvironment.Thesite‐specificengineeringprocesshelpsaddresseachsystem’sdesignindividually.AccomplishmentsofAFBProjects•Designandconstructionofwaterfrontsheetpilewalls,extendingdischargechannelstofacilitateisolationofintakewaterforMLES•Extensivecartridgesystemtesting(highhead,uniformityofflow,cleaning,etc.)•DevelopmentoftheIntakeFilterPooldesignandimplementationtoprotecttheNYCWaterfallsfromentrainment•Developmentofdesignchangestoaccommodatehighdischargeflows,requirementforminimalanchoringimpact,agency‐specifiedfootprintlimitsforanewdesalinationplantonariver•Filtrationfabrictypeprovensafeforeggandlarvalsurvivability•Testingshowingeffectivenessoffiltertoexcludemacro‐algaefromnuclearintakes,andwaterfrontdesignsolutionforsimilarproblematanotherlocationLovettGeneratingStationMLES:2004‐2008ExperienceovertimewiththeLovettMLESaswellasotherAFBsystemsinavarietyofharshmarineenvironmentsallowedsubstantialtechnologicaladvancestotakeplace.Developmentsthattookplace1995– 2007improvedperformanceandlongevityandreducedcosts:AirBurstCleaningSystemLaserPerforatedFabricModernIndustrialFabricsRobustPLCNetworkSystemDiagnosticsandAutomationTargetedOvertoppingControlAnchoringSystemExclusionrates2005‐200791%,89%,95%0200400600800100012000.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%100.00%27‐May21‐Jun16‐Jul10‐AugLovettIchthyoplanktonSampling– 2007%ExclusionPerSamplingEventAverageEggandLarvalDensities(per1000m3)TauntonDesalinationPlantMLES:2008‐Present2008PerformanceMay86%June68%July82%August100%SEASON83%16,667gpmintakeand21,000gpmbrinedischargeBasedoninitialpreliminarydesignconceptin2002Notifiedtofinaldesign,fabricateanddeliverin2007Initialoperationsin2008,nowin3rdyearofoperationLatenotificationandlateinstallationfor2008and2009sospawningfishalreadyinriversystemResultsnotquantifiedbytotalexclusionbutreportedtobeinexcessof80%2010laterdeploymentandfullbiologicalmonitoringwillprovidebestdatasetSuccessfuldevelopmentandimplementationoftheichthyoplanktonexclusionsystemrequirednumerousinnovativesolutionsthathavedirectandindirectapplicabilitytoothersitesandsystems:Low‐ImpactAnchoringBi‐directionalFlow,High‐DischargeSystemsShore‐MountedAirSupplySystemNewYorkCityWaterfallsIFPSystems;200842,000gpmtotalintakeflowthroughfloatingIntakeFilterPools(IFP’s)Designedspecificallyforuniqueapplicationwherebottomsealsystemnotfeasible4IFP’sinEastRiverandNYHarborwith>9fpscurrentbi‐directionalflow,wavesandsignificantboatwakesUtilized0.425mmWOVENfabric(G‐Weave)NoAirBurstTMcleaning;withGWeavefabricinthecomposite,flowratesarehigherandthefabricdoesnotretainsedimentparticlesMonitoringintegrityoffilterfabriconlybyweeklyinspectionprogram,nobiologicalsamplingNuclearPowerPlant,CoastalFrance2,536,000gpmthroughtwointakes,1000ftoffshorePrimarytargetforexclusionisvegetaldebrisbutsystemwillalsoexcludelargerfishlarvaeandjuvenilesGunderboomMLESasanadaptabletechnologyDeterminedinitialfeasibilityandnowengagedindesignlevelforfinaldecision‐makingIncludesphysicalmodelingofcandidatefabricsforexclusioneffectiveness,clogging,headlossIncludesCFDmodelingfor“bullnose”sheetpileendwallstobluntandtrainwatercurrentsPresentphasetobecompletedthissummerLIFECYCLEANDO&MProvenDurabilityandPerformanceAFBSystems;10YearsOperational•SettlingPonds•RoadsideDrainage(AlaskanEnvironment)AFBSystems;7YearsOperational–AllHaveWeatheredWinterIce:•WachusettReservoirRPS•MamaroneckBeachBPS–TidalDynamics•KensicoDrinkingWaterReservoirRPS–StormwaterFlowsHigh‐FlowAFBApplications•Multi‐YearOngoingOperations–Monitoring–Inspections–Maintenance–ComponentReplacement–WithstandEnvironmentalStressorsandContinuousOperationalDemandO&M:LovettGeneratingStation•Real‐timemonitoringwithautomaticsystemresponsetochangingconditions•Trendmonitoring(remotecapability)•Periodicdiveinspections•Approximate3‐yearreplacementcycleforfilteringnon‐wovengeotextile•Airsystemexpectedlife30years•Controlsystemcomponentreplacementsestimatedat5‐10years.O&M:TauntonDesalinationPlant•Generaldailyobservations•Periodicdiveinspections•Approximate5‐yearreplacementcycleforfilterpanels•Approximate10‐yearreplacementcyclefor“skeleton”•AirBurstandcontrolsystemestimatedlife30yearsO&M:FixedPanel&CartridgeSystems•Generaldailyobservations•Trendmonitoring(remote)•Periodicdiveinspections•Replacementpanels,estimated2– 3yearlifecycle•Allothercomponents,30‐yearestimatedlifecycleAFBSYSTEMCOSTSCapitalInvestmentandO&MCostsSite‐SpecificCosting•Estimatedcostinginfoisverygeneralandincludesmanyvariables,soitcannotbeusedtoestimatethecostatanyparticularsitewithoutGunderboomevaluation•Variablesinclude:–Sitedataacquisitionrequirements–Numberofdesignsevaluatedasdesiredbytheenduser–Typeofairsupplyandcontrolsystemequipmentused–Typeofanchoringused–Natureofthesite’senvironment–Seasonalvs.year‐rounddeployment–Installationvariables:difficultyofwaterbody,difficultyofgroundforanchoring,seasonalconsiderations,facilitytimingconsiderations,unionvs.non‐unionlabor,partialacquisitionofcomponentsfromothervendorsorinstallationbyothercontractors,etc.–Operationalvariables:siteenvironmentalconditions,automationofsystem,remoteoperationbyGunderboom,levelofpro‐activemaintenancechosen,facilitydemandCapitalCost:Anchored,FloatingMLESGeneralEstimatedBallparkCost($x1000)Flow(gpm)LowHighAverage10,000545980763104,000196027252343347,00062128500735720,000;withspecialfeatureslikebidirectionalflow,etc.130025001700400,000;withknowndesignparameters160050003300Cartridge– SmallerSystem(approx.600‐1,200gpm)300450375Cartridge– LargerSystem(approx.22,000‐26,000gpm)80016001200AnnualO&M:Anchored,FloatingMLESGeneralEstimatedBallparkCost($x1000)Flow(gpm)LowHighAverage10,000109327218104,000164327245347,00054576265420,000;withspecialfeatureslikebidirectionalflow,etc.200537375400,000;withknowndesignparameters7001000850Cartridge– SmallerSystem(approx.600‐1,200gpm)156038Cartridge– LargerSystem(approx.22,000‐26,000gpm)75150112