NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ELADIO ANTONIO PEREZ RODRIGUEZ, 

Petitioner, 

 v. 

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney 

General, 

Respondent.

No. 19-72389 

Agency No. A212-907-122 

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted March 5, 2021**

Pasadena, California

Before: SILER,*** HURWITZ, and COLLINS, Circuit Judges.

Eladio Antonio Perez Rodriguez (“Perez”), a native and citizen of El 

Salvador, petitions for review of the decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals 

(“BIA”) affirming the order of the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denying his

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as 

provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes that this case is suitable for decision without 

oral argument. See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).

*** The Honorable Eugene E. Siler, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court 

of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.

FILED

AUG 13 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
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applications for asylum and withholding of removal.1 We have jurisdiction under 

§ 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the 

petition.

To qualify for either asylum or withholding of removal, the petitioner must 

show that the source of past persecution or feared future persecution is “‘the 

government or forces the government is either unable or unwilling to control.’” 

Doe v. Holder, 736 F.3d 871, 877–78 (9th Cir. 2013) (citation omitted). 

Substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that Perez did not satisfy 

this requirement. 

As the IJ and BIA noted, police officers and members of the military 

responded within 30 minutes of learning that Perez had been kidnapped, and the 

gang members who had seized Perez released him and fled as soon as they found 

out that government personnel were on their way to rescue him. After Perez 

identified two of his assailants from photographs that he was shown at the police 

station later that day, the police arrested those two men, and charges were filed 

against them. Thereafter, the police escorted Perez to the jail to identify the two 

men, as well as to and from more than a half dozen meetings with the investigating 

detectives and the prosecutor. Perez notes that, despite these efforts, the other 

1 Perez’s opening brief does not challenge the agency’s denial of his request for 

relief under the Convention Against Torture, so any such challenge has been 

forfeited. See Velasquez-Gaspar v. Barr, 976 F.3d 1062, 1065 (9th Cir. 2020). 
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kidnappers were never caught; that he had remained in hiding until leaving El 

Salvador approximately 30 days later; and that additional threats were made 

against his sister. Although these points are not without some force, the agency 

was not compelled to find that they outweighed the ample record evidence 

confirming the substantial efforts made by Salvadoran authorities to protect Perez. 

8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). Given that evidence, we cannot say that the agency 

acted unreasonably in concluding that Perez had not carried his burden to show 

that Salvadoran authorities were unable or unwilling to control his persecutors. 

See, e.g., Truong v. Holder, 613 F.3d 938, 941 (9th Cir. 2010) (lack of success in 

police investigative efforts does not necessarily establish “government complicity 

or indifference”).

Perez argues that he nonetheless has a reasonable fear of future persecution, 

because his connections to local mayors that led to his prior rescue would not be 

replicated if he is returned to El Salvador. However, the agency permissibly 

concluded that Perez’s belief that Salvadoran authorities would not make adequate 

efforts was speculative and, in the agency’s words, was “not a sufficient basis to 

conclude that the Salvadoran government is unwilling or unable to assist him.”

See Movsisian v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 1095, 1097 (9th Cir. 2005) (asylum and 

withholding properly denied when agency permissibly concluded that fear of 

future persecution was speculative). 
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Because we uphold the agency’s denial of asylum and withholding of 

removal based on Perez’s failure to show that the Salvadoran government was 

unable or unwilling to control his persecutors, we need not address his other 

arguments.

The petition for review is DENIED.