### SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

Sections highlightedwere notadoptedonMm 3. 2013 andare scheduled to be heardattheJune 7. 2013 GoverningBoardmeeting
(Adopted October 8. 1976)(Amended October 2, 1981) (Amended October2. 1987)(Amended December21, 2001) (AmendedNovember 7. 2008)(Amended May 3. 2013)

RULE 444. OPEN BURNING
(a) Purpose The purpose ofthis rule is to ensure open burning in the District is conducted in a

manner that minimizes emissions and impacts, and that smoke is managed consistentwith state and federal law in orderto protectpublic health and safety.
(b) Applicability The provisions ofthis rule shall apply to any person conducting or allowing any open burning including, but not limited to: (I) Agricultural burning (2) Disposal ofRussian thistle (Salsolakali ortumbleweed”) (3) Prescribedburning (4) Fire prevention/suppression training (5) Open detonation oruse ofpyrotechnics (6) Fire hazardremoval (7) Disposal ofinfectious waste, otherthan hospitalwaste (8) Research oftesting materials, equipmentortechniques (9) Disposal ofcontraband (10) Residentialburning GU Beachbutning
(c) Definitions (1) AGRICULTURAL BURNING means open burning of egetative materials produced wholly from the groving and harvesting ofcrops in agricultural operations, including the burning ofgrass and weeds in fence
rows, ditchbanks and berms in non-tillage orchard operations. fields being prepared for cultivation, agricultural wastes, and the operation or maintenance of a system for the delivery of water for agricultural operations.

444—1Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(2) AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS means any business occurring on a ranch or farm directly related to: (A) Growing ofcrops (B) Raising of fowl or other animals for the primary purpose of making aprofitor fora livelihood (C) Conducting agricultural research or instruction by an educational institution (3) AGRICULTURAL WASTES means unwanted or unsalable materials produced wholly from agricultural operations directly related to the growing ofcrops or raising ofanimals forthe primary purpose ofmaking

a profit or for a livelihood. Agricultural wastes do not include items such

as plastic, rubber, ornamental or landscape vegetation, chemically treated wood, shop wastes, construction and demolition material, material containing asbestos, garbage, oil filters, tires, tar paper, pesticide and fertilizer containers, broken boxes, pallets, sweat boxes, packaging material, packing boxes or any other material produced in the packaging

or processing ofagricultural products. Orchard or vineyard waste or any other material, generated as a result of land use conversion to nonagricultural purposes is not agricultural waste. (4) AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI) is a value established by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to measure the level ofthe major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act. The values range from 0 to 500 and are divided into six categories; higher values indicate greater levels ofpollution and greater associated health concerns. The following summarizes the AQI: (A) 50 orbelow is Good (B) 5 1 through 100 is Moderate (C) 101 through 150 is Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (D) 151 through 200 is Unhealthy (E) 201 through 300 is Very Unhealthy (F) Over 300 is Hazardous (5) APPROVED IGNITION DEVICES means those instruments or materials that will ignite agricultural waste without the production ofblack smoke. This would include such devices using liquid petroleum gas, butane, propane, ordiesel oil burners and flares where the device produces a flame and the flame is then used for ignition.

444—2Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(6) APPROVED IGNITION FUELS means pipeline quality natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or a petroleum liquid having an API gravity ofat least 30. (7) BEACH BURNING means any recreational. ceremonial or open burning conducted in any public coastal area, marked by an accumulation ofsand.
stone. or gravel that has been deposited by the tide or ocean waves, including any adjacent areas used for beach access or recreation. For the
purposes ofthis rule, beach burning does not include the use ofcharcoal or gaseous or liquid fuels. (8) BURN AUTIIORILAliON NL’vIBFR is the numberthat is assigned to a burn project upon being granted approval by the Executive Officer. (9) BURN \‘lANAGlMENT PLAN means a document prepared by an agricultural operator fbr a project which provides a description of the project, and other information as requiredunder subparagraph (d)(7)(D). (10) BURN PROJECT means an active orplannedprescribed burn, agricultural burn, fire prevention/suppression training, a naturally ignited wildland fire managed for resource benefits, or any other burn approved by the Executive Officer. (ii) EMERGENCY BURN PLAN means a document prepared by an agricultural operator for open burning as an emergency measure to protect crops from freezing which provides a description ofthe project, and other information as required under subparagraph (h)(4)(C). (12) FIELD CROP means crop, other than fruit or vegetable, which is grown for agricultural purposes. (13) FIRE HAZARD means a hazardous condition involving combustible, flammable, or explosive material that could present a substantial threat to life orproperty, as declaredby afireprotection agency. (14) FIRE PREVENTION/SUPPRESSION TRAINING means the instruction ofemployees in the methods ofpreventing or suppressing fires. (15) FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY means any public agency with the responsibility and authority to protect people, property, and the environmentfrom fire, within its respective area ofjurisdiction. (16) HEAVY FUELS means materials that burn slowly, sustain heat, and are difficultto extinguish. Heavy fuels include large downed woody materials such as logs and branches.

444 —3Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(17) IMMINENT FIRE HAZARD means a fire hazard that presents an immediate danger to property or the health and/or safety ofa person or persons and for which direct abatement by fire is necessary as directed by

a fire protection agency. An imminent fire hazard is distinguished from a prescribed burn by the immediate or urgent action needed to alleviate a threat. (18) LAND MANAGER means any federal, state, local, or private entity that administers, directs, oversees, or controls the use ofpublic orprivate land, including the application offire to the land. (19) LIGHT FUELS means materials that burn quickly with a short period of intense heat such as grass and field crops. (20) MANDATORY WINTER BURNING CURTAILMENT means a period of time during the consecutive months ofNovember through February where the burning of solid fuels is restricted for portions of the South Coast Air Basin at elevations below 3,000 feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL) based on the air quality criteria contained in AQMD Rule 445 (Wood-Burning Devices). (21) MARGINAL BURN DAY means aday in an airbasin when openburning for individual projects is restrictedto designated source/receptorareas and is nototherwise prohibitedbythe CaliforniaAir Resources Board (CARB)

or the Executive Officer ofthe District. A marginal burn day is declared when: (A) At least one of the meteorological criteria for an air basin is predictedto be met; (B) The AQI throughoutthe basin is predictedto be 150 orless; (C) The AQI in the designated source/receptor area(s) is predicted to be 100 orless; and (D) The designated source/receptorarea(s) is not further restricted by a mandatory winter burning curtailment pursuant to AQMD Rule 445 (Wood-Burning Devices). (22) METEOROLOGICAL CRITERIA defines the daily predicted meteorological conditions that need to be satisfied to permit open burning foran airbasin. The criteriaare as follows: (A) Burn Area 40: South Coast Air Basin (at least one criterion must be satisfied):

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—4Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(i) Near 6:00 a.m., the expectedheightofthe inversionbase, if any, at Los Angeles International Airport is 1,500 feet above mean sea level orhigher. (ii) The expected maximum mixing height during the day is 3,500 feetabovethe surface. (iii) The expected mean surface wind between 6:00 a.m. and

noon is greaterthan five miles perhour. (B) Bum Area 53: Mojave Desert Air Basin (all criteria must be satisfied): (i) Near the time ofday when the surface temperature is at a minimum, the temperature at 3,000 feet above the surface is notwarmerthan the surfacetemperature by more than 13 degrees Fahrenheit. (ii) The expected temperature at 3,000 feet above the surface is colderthan the expected surface temperature by at least II degrees Fahrenheitfor4 hours. (iii) The expected daytime wind speed at 3,000 feet above the surface is at least5 milesperhour. (C) Bum Area 55: Salton Sea Air Basin (at least three criteria must be satisfied): (i) Near the time ofday when the surface temperature is at a minimum, the temperature at 3,000 feet above the surface is not warmerthan the surface temperatureby more than 13 degrees Fahrenheit. (ii) The expected temperature at 3,000 feet above the surface is colder than the expected surface temperature by at least 11 degrees Fahrenheitfor4 hours. (iii) The expected daytime wind speed at 3,000 feet above the surface is at least5 milesperhour. (iv) The expected daytime wind direction in the mixing layer is not southeasterly. (23) NO BURN DAY means aday inan airbasin during which open burning is prohibited by the CARB or Executive Officer ofthe District. A no burn day is declaredwhen: (A) None ofthe meteorological criteria foran airbasin are met, or

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— 5Rule444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(B) The AQI in any area ofthe basin is predicted to be greater than 150. (24) OPEN BURNING COMBUSTION/OPEN DETONATION means the ignition and subsequent burning, or ignition, rapid decomposition and subsequent burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials, outside of a combustion chamber with or without a visible flame and not directed through achimney orflue. (25) PERMISSIVE BURN DAY means a day in an air basin during which open burning is not prohibited by the CARB or Executive Officer ofthe District. Apermissive burn day is declared when: (A) At least one of the meteorological criteria for an air basin is predicted to be met, (B) The AQIthroughoutthe basin is predictedto be 100 orless, and (C) The designated source/receptorarea(s) is notfurtherrestricted by a mandatory winter burning curtailment pursuant to AQMD Rule 445 (Wood-Burning Devices). (26) PRESCRIBED BURNING means planned open burning conducted by a public agency, orthrough a cooperative agreement or contract involving a public agency, identifiedon lands selected in advance forremoval of: (A) Vegetation from land predominantly covered with chaparral, trees, grass, or standing brush. (B) Forestvegetation ordebris forthe purposes offorestprotection. (C) Brush, weeds, arundo, or other plant matter to promote a healthier environment for plant or animal species or to re-establish native plant species. (D) Disease andpestprevention. (E) Fire prevention/suppression training consuming greater than 10

acres. (27) PRODUCT TESTING means the evaluation of commercial products designed to detect the presence offlame or smoke or intended to prevent equipmentdamage due to flame. (28) RESIDENTIAL BURNING means open burning for the purposes of disposing of combustible or flammable solid waste, excluding Russian thistle, from a specific residence on its premises.

444—6Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(29) SENSITIVE RECEPTOR LOCATIONS include schools, daycare centers, hospitals, and convalescent homes, and other locations where children, chronically ill individuals, orother sensitive persons could be exposed. (30) SMOKE MANAGEMENT PLAN means a document prepared for each open burning event orproject by land managers that provides information andprocedures to minimize smoke impacts. (31) SOURCE/RECEPTOR AREAS. A source area is that area in which contaminants are discharged and a receptor area is that area in which the contaminants accumulate and are measured. Any area can be a source area, a receptor area, or both a source and receptor area. The source/receptorareas are delineated on the attached map (Attachment I). (32) WILDLAND means: (A) “Wildland” means an area where development is generally limited
to roads, railroads, power lines, and widely scattered structures. Such land is not cultivated (i.e., the soil is disturbed less frequently than once in 10 years), is not fallow, and is not in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program. The land may be neglected altogether or managed for such purposes as wood or forage production, wildlife, recreation, wetlands, orprotective plant cover. (B) Forthe California DepartmentofForestry and Fire Protection only, “Wildiand” as specified in California Public Resources Code (PRC) section 4464(a) means any land that is classified as a state responsibility area pursuant to article 3 (commencing with section 4125) ofchapter 1, part 2 ofdivision 4 and includes any such land having a plant cover consisting principally of grasses, forbs, or shrubs that are valuable for forage. “Wildiand” also means any lands that are contiguous to lands classified as a state responsibility

area if wildland fuel accumulation is such that a wildland fire occurring on these lands would pose a threat to the adjacent state responsibility area. (d) Requirements and Prohibitions (1) A person shall not conduct or allow open burning unless all of the following are met: (A) The Executive Officer has declared the day a permissive burn day

or a marginal burn day on which burning is permitted in the

444—7Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

applicable source/receptor area and such burning is not prohibited by the applicable public fire protection agency. (B) The Executive Officer or the applicable fire protection agency has issued a written permit for the burn. For disposal of Russian thistle, subject to paragraph (d)(2)(C), a permit may also be issued by the Director of Forestry and Fire Protection or a County Agricultural Commissioner, pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 41809. (C) The Executive Officer has authorized the burn by issuing a Burn AuthorizationNumber foreach day foreach open burning event. (i) The Executive Officer has received the Burn Authorization Numberrequestby 4:00 p.m. on the day priorto the burn. (ii) The Executive Officer may delay issuing a Burn Authorization Number until such time that an inspection of the proposed Burn Project can be conducted, in order to determine whether the open burning event complies with the provisions ofthe rule. (D) All site-specific permit conditions are met, pursuant to Rule 208 Permit and Burn Authorization for Open Burning. (2) The Executive Officermay authorize open burning for: (A) Agricultural burning (B) Prescribed burning (C) Disposal ofRussian thistle (D) Abatement ofa fire hazard that a fire protection agency determines
cannot be abated by an economically, ecologically and logistically viable option (E) Disposal of waste infected with an agricultural pest or disease hazardous to nearby agricultural operations and upon the order of the County Agricultural Commissioner (F) Disposal of infectious waste, other than hospital waste, upon the orderofthe County Health Officerto abate apublic health hazard (0) Use of pyrotechnics for the creation of special effects during filming ofmotion pictures, videotaping oftelevision programs or other commercial filming or video production activities provided untreated wood, charcoal orApproved IgnitionFuels are used

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— 8Rule444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(H) Disposal of contraband in the possession of public law enforcement personnel provided they demonstrate that open burning is the only reasonably available method for safely disposing ofthe material (1) Fire prevention/suppression training exercises, provided notifications and compliance with all requirements ofRule 1403

— Asbestos Emissions from Demolition/Renovation Activities shall be requiredwhen applicable (J) Researching or testing fire retardant properties of materials (or enclosures) or the efficacy of fire suppression techniques or devices (3) Aperson is prohibited from open burning for: (A) Residential burning (B) Disposal ofwaste, except as specified in (d)(2) above, including hospital waste (C) Disposal ofmaterials generated as a result ofland use conversion fornon-agricultural purposes (D) Disposal of materials from the production or storage of military ordnance, propellants. or pyrotechnics unless a fire protection agency, law enforcement agency or governmental agency having jurisdiction determines that onsite burning or detonation in place is the only reasonably available method for safely disposing ofthe material (E) Suppression ofwildiand fires, except those set by fire protection agencies, forthepurpose ofsaving life orproperty (F) Complete burning of existing structures for flre prevention/ suppression training exercises (0) Beach burning., on and after January I, 2015. However, a city or county may. through formal action ofa city council or board of supervisors, make this prohibition effective soonerthan January 1., 2015. (4) Aperson shall notcommence: (A) Open burning for agricultural field crops before 10:00 a.m. or later than 5:00 p.m. (B) Open burning, other than for agricultural field crops, except as authorized in an approved Smoke ManagementPlan:

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—9Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(i) Earlierthan one hourafter sunrise (ii) Laterthan two hours before sunset, with no new ignition, or fuels addedto an existing fire (5) A person shall use only approved ignition devices to ignite openburning. (6) A person shall not transport vegetative waste for the purpose of open burning from one property to another, unless it is necessary to avoid burning within 1,000 feetofa sensitive receptor. (7) Additional requirements for agricultural burning: (A) A person shall not conduct or allow the open burning of agricultural waste unless it has been allowed to dry for the following minimum times: (i) Trees and large branches (3 in. or greater): 6 weeks (ii) Prunings and small branches (I in. to less than 3 in. diameter): 4 weeks (iii) Wastes from field crops that are cut in a green condition: 4 weeks (iv) Fine fuels (0.25 in. to less than I in. diameter): 3 weeks (v) Very fine fuels (less than 0.25 in.): 10 days (B) A person shall not conduct or allow the open burning of agricultural waste unless it is free ofdirt, soil, and visible moisture. (C) A person shall ignite rice, barley, oat and wheat straw only by strip-firing or by backfiring into the wind unless a fire protection agency declares such actions would constitute a fire hazard. (D) A person shall not conduct or allow the open burning of agricultural waste unless a Burn Management Plan is approved in writing by the Executive Officer for any project greater than 10

acres or a project that produces more than one ton ofparticulate
matter emissions, as determined using EPA AP-42 or equivalent emissions factors approved by the Executive Officer, CARB, and EPA. At a minimum, the Bum Management Plan shall contain the following information: (i) Location, types, and amounts ofmaterial to be burned (ii) Expected duration ofthe fire from ignitionto extinction (iii) Identification ofresponsible personnel, including telephone
contacts

444—10Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(iv) Identification and location ofall smoke sensitive areas (v) Calculation ofthe particulate emissions tonnage, when the particulate emissions tonnage is selected as the criteria for determining the project size (E) A person shall not conduct or allow the open burning of agricultural waste unless the burn is located farther than 1,000 feet from a sensitive receptor location. (8) Additional requirements forprescribedburning: (A) A person shall conduct or allow prescribed burning only when the fires are set by, under thejurisdiction of or pursuant to the orders

orrequirements ofafire protection agency. (B) A person shall not conduct or allow prescribed burning unless a Smoke Management Plan is approved in writing by the Executive Officer for any project greaterthan 10 acres orthat produces more than one ton ofparticulate matter emissions, as determined using EPA AP-42 or equivalent emissions factors approved by the Executive Officer, CARB, and EPA. Smoke Management Plans shall be updated annually. At aminimum, the Smoke Management Plan shall contain the following information: (i) Location, types, and amounts ofmaterial to be burned (ii) Expectedduration ofthe fire from ignition to extinction (iii) Identification ofresponsible personnel, including telephone contacts (iv) Identification and location ofall smoke sensitive areas (v) Calculationofthe particulate emissions tonnage (C) A person shall not conduct or allow prescribed burning unless a Smoke Management Plan is approved in writing by the Executive Officer for any project greater than 100 acres or that produces

more than 10 tons ofparticulate matter emissions, as determined using EPA AP-42 or equivalent emissions factors approved by the Executive Officer, CARB, and EPA. Smoke Management Plans shall be updated annually. Ataminimum, the Smoke Management Plan shall contain the information required by subparagraph (d)(8)(B) andthe following information: (i) Identification of meteorological conditions necessary for burning

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— 11Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(ii) Smoke management criteria the land manager will use for making burn ignition decisions (iii) Projections, including a map, of where the smoke from burns is expectedto travel bothday andnight (iv) Specific contingency actions (such as fire suppression or containment) that will be taken ifsmoke impacts occur or meteorological conditions deviate from those specified in the Smoke ManagementPlan (v) Evaluation of and consideration of emission reduction techniques including environmentally, economically, and logistically viable alternativesto burning (vi) Discussion ofpublic notificationprocedures (D) The Executive Officer shall prioritize burn authorization requests basedupon: (i) The level oftraining ofthe person conducting the burn as identified in the Burn Management Plan and Smoke Management Plan. (ii) The measures identified in the Smoke Management Plan proposedto reduce emissions. (E) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(I)(A), the Executive Officer may allow prescribed burning on marginal bum days, provided a Smoke Management Plan has been approved.
(e) The Executive Officer may allow the Maximum Daily Burn Acreage for Agricultural Burning and Prescribed Burning as follows: (1) For all areas within the District jurisdiction, excluding the Coachella Valley: (A) 175 acres forprescribedwildland and range burning; and (B) 175 acres foragriculturalburning; (2) Forthe CoachellaValley: (A) 6 acres forprescribed wildland andrange burning; and (B) 41 acres foragricultural burning; and (3) The provisions ofthis subdivision, limiting the maximum daily acreage, shall not apply toprescribedburning when a land managerhas: (A) Demonstrated that the prescribed burn is required to reduce a fire hazardthatjeopardizes public health or safety; and

444—12Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(B) Submitted a satisfactory Smoke Management Plan that has been approvedby the Executive Officer.
(f) Administrative Requirements (1) An Annual Post Burn Evaluation Report shall be submitted on or before January 3 l ofeach calendaryearfor any open burn projects thatrequire a Smoke Management Plan or a Burn Management Plan. The Report shall include, butnotbe limitedto, the following: (A) The type ofmaterial burned (B) The total acreagepermittedto burn (C) The total acreage burned (D) The total tons ofmaterial burned (E) The estimatedfuel loading in tons peracre (F) The total ofthe estimated PM emissions (2) Fire Protection Agencies within the District must submit copies ofwritten burn permits to the Executive Officerquarterly.
fg)1ees

ebparagraphs-(d)(D,

eun4èesptwnHDRu+e36.
(h) Exemptions (1) The provisions ofparagraphs (d)(1) and (d)(4) ofthis rule shall not apply inthe case ofan imminent fire hazard, as defined in this Rule. (2) The provisions ofsubparagraphs (d)(1)(A), (d)(I)(B), (d)(1)(D) and clause (d)(I)(C)(ii) shall not apply to fire prevention/suppression training exercises orresearch, conductedby fireprotection agencies, providedthat: (A) Fortraining exercises notconducted within existing structures: (i) Each training fire is limited to no more than 30 minutes duration, (ii) The total cumulative burntime in a 24-hourperiod does not exceed: (a) Four (4) hours forLightFuel (b) Six (6) hours for Heavy Fuels or a mixture ofLight and Heavy Fuels

444—13Rule444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(iii) Only Authorized Ignition Fuels are used. (B) For training exercises conducted within existing structures, each training fire is limited to no morethan 30 minutes in duration. (3) The provisions ofsubparagraphs (d)(1)(A), (d)(1)(B), (d)(1)(D) and clause (d)(1)(C)(ii) shall not apply to fire prevention/suppression training exercises or to product testing conducted by non-fire protection agencies providedthat: (A) Each fire is limitedto no more than 30 minutes in duration, (B) The total burn time does not exceed four (4) hours in a 24-hour period, and (C) Only Authorized Ignition Fuels are used. (4) The provisions ofsubparagraphs (d)(1)(A) and (d)(7)(E) ofthis rule shall not apply to open burning as an emergency measure to protect crops from freezing provided that: (A) Open burning is the most immediate oronly option available; (B) The temperature at the time of the requested open burning is reasonably anticipatedto be below 40° Fahrenheit; (C) An Emergency Burn Plan submitted by the person seeking to conduct open burning is approved by the Executive Office priorto conducting the burn. The Plan shall include, but not be limited to. the following: (i) Location, types, and amounts ofmaterial to be burned (ii) Type ofcrop being protected (iii) Estimate ofpotential economic loss (iv) Expected dates, time, and duration ofthe fire from ignition to extinction (v) Identification ofresponsible personnel, including telephone contacts (vi) Identification and location ofall smoke sensitive areas (D) All site-specific conditions imposed by the Executive Officer as partofthe approved Emergency Burn Plan are met; and (E) The person conducting the open burn shall notify the Executive Officer no more than 24 hours following the authorized burn to reportthe total amountofagricultural material burned. 

### (5) Theprovisions ofthur

### ruleshall

### notapplyto

444—14Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

(A) Recreadonal fires or ceremonial fires, itcluding 

### tires conducted pursuantto United StatesCode, Title 

### 1, Chapter 1, Section 8. (B) Open burning ofnatural gas, propane, untreatedwood, orcharcoal forthe

### purp (1) 

### rrepranonorwanningofToodlkrIi

(ii)-

,, ... ...... .. 1 (A) Open burning located on islands 15 miles or more from the mainland coast. (B) Fireworks displays. (C) Pyrotechnics used forcreation ofspecialeffects atthemeparks. (D) Detonation ofexplosives during: (i) Quarry ormining operations (ii) Bomb disposal by a law enforcementagency (iii) Demolition ofbuildings orstructures (E) The use ofpyrotechnics, detonation ofexplosives, or fire effects for creation of special effects during theatrical productions. filming ofmotion pictures, videotaping oftelevision programs or other commercial filming or video production activities provided that: (i) Each fire effect is limited to no more than 30 minutes in duration, and (ii) The fuel is untreated wood, charcoal, or Authorized Ignition Fuels. (6 

### ExceØ forthfrernnts of

### suf,pararaph ofthis 

### rule shallnotappfito: (A Recreational fires or ceremonial fires, including fires conducted 

### pursuantto United States Code, Title4, Chapter 1, Section & 

### (B Openburninofnturafgas,propane. 

### untreatedwood, or

### charcoaj fotthe

### iurt.oseof (i Preparationor

### warmingof’foodforhumanconsumntion: or 

### (ii) Generatingwarmthatasocial gathering.
(i) Severability Ifany provision ofthis rule is held byjudicial order to be invalid, or invalid or inapplicable to any person orcircumstance, such order shall not affectthe validity

444—15Rule 444 (Cont.) (Amended May 3, 2013)

ofthe remainder ofthis rule, or the validity or applicability ofsuch provision to otherpersons orcircumstances.

444—169