AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

Table 2. Control Options (per EPA Region 9) and Corresponding Emission Reductions Relative to Base Used in Visibility Modeling 

All Units All Units

Controls

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual) $/year

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case OFA 0 None (current) 0 0 $0

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 OFA 0 LNB 908 908 $1,280,825

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 LNB 700 LNB + SNCR 1544 2244 $4,411,902

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 LNB + SCR 2019 LNB + SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 OFA 0 LNB + SNCR 1544 1544 $3,142,336

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 OFA 0 LNB + SCR 2682 2682 $6,626,847

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 LNB 700 LNB + SCR 2682 3382 $7,896,413

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R LNB 700 LNB 908 1608 $2,550,391

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R LNB+SNCR 1190 LNB+SNCR 1544 2734 $5,971,695

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S LNB+SCR 2019 LNB+SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

Table 3. NOx Control Technologies for AEPCO Apache Units 2-3 (from Andover Technology Partners Report Table 4-4)

LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR

Capacity Factor 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.71 0.71 0.71

Control Efficiency 0.3 0.51 0.87 0.3 0.51 0.89

Uncontrolled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 859 859 859 974 974 974

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.44 0.44

NOx (TPY) 2333 2333 2333 3028 3028 3028

Controlled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 601 421 116 682 477 111

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.26 0.18 0.05 0.31 0.21 0.05

NOx (TPY) 1633 1143 314 2120 1484 346

Tons/Year Removed 700 1190 2019 908 1544 2683

Total Cost, $/year $1,269,566 $2,829,359 $6,407,583 $1,280,825 $3,142,336 $6,626,847

 $/Ton $1,814 $2,378 $3,174 $1,410 $2,039 $2,477

$/Ton (incremental) $1,814 $3,184 $3,896 $1,410 $2,934 $3,022

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

* SCR is actually capable of 90% removal. The model that we used set a lower limit of 0.05 lb/MMBtu, but lower 

NOx levels should be achievable

Control 

Option

Unit 2 Unit 3

Apache 2 - NOx Apache 3 - NOx

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 6, annual average background

Using dv from area with highest impact (9 areas)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY 

(x 1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

# CIAs w/ 

improvement 

≥ 0.5 dv

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 3.1

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 2.9 0.20 0.221 $6.4 0

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 2.5 0.62 0.274 $7.2 2

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 1.6 1.50 0.320 $8.7 4

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 2.7 0.33 0.210 $9.7 0

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 2.5 0.65 0.241 $10.2 2

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 2.2 0.96 0.284 $8.2 4

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 2.6 0.45 0.279 $5.7 0

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 2.3 0.84 0.308 $7.1 3

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 1.7 1.32 0.281 $9.9 4

(same tons & costs as above) Using dv sum over all areas (9 areas)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY 

(x 1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 12.0

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 11.2 0.80 0.882 $1.6

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 9.5 2.50 1.113 $1.8

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 5.9 6.09 1.295 $2.1

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 10.7 1.38 0.891 $2.3

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 9.4 2.59 0.964 $2.6

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 8.3 3.68 1.089 $2.1

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 10.1 1.89 1.174 $1.4

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 8.7 3.29 1.202 $1.8

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 6.6 5.47 1.164 $2.4
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 6, annual average background (this page edited from vis6.annav sheet)

Table 1(a). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options

Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Class I Area Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 

2; LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 3.06 2.90 2.48 1.55 2.74 2.45 2.19 2.62 2.29 1.74 0.00 0.16 0.58 1.50 0.31 0.60 0.87 0.44 0.77 1.32

chrw Chiricahua 3.02 2.82 2.41 1.55 2.70 2.38 2.06 2.57 2.18 1.71 0.00 0.20 0.62 1.47 0.33 0.65 0.96 0.45 0.84 1.31

gali Galiuro 1.90 1.75 1.50 0.92 1.65 1.49 1.36 1.57 1.40 1.02 0.00 0.15 0.40 0.98 0.25 0.41 0.54 0.33 0.49 0.88

gila Gila 0.48 0.44 0.35 0.18 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.37 0.32 0.20 0.00 0.04 0.13 0.30 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.11 0.16 0.28

maza Mazatzal 0.25 0.22 0.19 0.12 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.21 0.17 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.13 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.12

moba Mount Baldy 0.22 0.19 0.15 0.07 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.17 0.13 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.14

sagu Saguaro 2.31 2.15 1.84 1.16 2.06 1.83 1.63 1.96 1.70 1.27 0.00 0.16 0.47 1.15 0.25 0.48 0.68 0.35 0.61 1.04

sian Sierra Ancha 0.25 0.23 0.19 0.12 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.20 0.17 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.13 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.12

supe Superstition 0.56 0.52 0.43 0.26 0.50 0.42 0.37 0.47 0.38 0.28 0.00 0.04 0.13 0.30 0.06 0.14 0.19 0.09 0.18 0.27

Total 12.03 11.22 9.53 5.94 10.65 9.44 8.34 10.14 8.74 6.56 0.80 2.50 6.09 1.38 2.59 3.68 1.89 3.29 5.47

Max 3.06 2.90 2.48 1.55 2.74 2.45 2.19 2.62 2.29 1.74 0.20 0.62 1.50 0.33 0.65 0.96 0.45 0.84 1.32

# CIAs w/ D-dv ≥ 0.5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 3 4

Table 4(a). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/thousand TPY)*

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 0.173 0.258 0.320 0.203 0.224 0.257 0.273 0.281 0.281

chrw Chiricahua 0.221 0.274 0.314 0.210 0.241 0.284 0.279 0.308 0.279

gali Galiuro 0.161 0.177 0.207 0.160 0.152 0.159 0.203 0.180 0.186

gila Gila 0.046 0.058 0.063 0.050 0.049 0.054 0.067 0.059 0.060

maza Mazatzal 0.024 0.025 0.027 0.021 0.022 0.025 0.023 0.028 0.025

moba Mount Baldy 0.024 0.029 0.030 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.030 0.031 0.030

sagu Saguaro 0.171 0.208 0.244 0.163 0.180 0.200 0.215 0.222 0.220

sian Sierra Ancha 0.023 0.026 0.027 0.022 0.022 0.026 0.027 0.029 0.025

supe Superstition 0.039 0.058 0.063 0.038 0.050 0.055 0.056 0.064 0.058

Average 0.098 0.124 0.144 0.099 0.107 0.121 0.130 0.134 0.129 average of all area's (dv/annual TPY)

dv_sum/TPY 0.882 1.113 1.295 0.891 0.964 1.089 1.174 1.202 1.164 (sum of dv benefits over all areas) / (annual TPY)

dv_max/TPY 0.221 0.274 0.320 0.210 0.241 0.284 0.279 0.308 0.281 (max dv benefit of any area) / (annual TPY)

*Uses the formula: dv/thousand TPY = 1000 * (dv change relative to base) / (TPY reduction relative to base)

Table 5(a). Control Option Cost Effectiveness (million $/dv)†

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 8 8 9 10 11 9 6 8 10

chrw Chiricahua 6 7 9 10 10 8 6 7 10

gali Galiuro 9 11 13 13 16 15 8 12 15

gila Gila 30 34 44 41 50 43 24 37 46

maza Mazatzal 58 79 103 98 114 95 69 79 111

moba Mount Baldy 58 69 92 85 102 82 52 70 94

sagu Saguaro 8 9 11 12 14 12 7 10 13

sian Sierra Ancha 61 76 103 92 112 91 58 76 111

supe Superstition 37 34 44 54 49 42 28 34 48

$/dv_sum 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.4 ($/yr) / (sum of dv benefits over all areas)

$/dv_max 6.4 7.2 8.7 9.7 10.2 8.2 5.7 7.1 9.9 ($/yr) / (max dv benefit of any area)

98th Percentile -dv Change relative to base (dv)

Number of Class I Areas with visibility improvement ≥ 0.5 dv

†$/dv = $ per year from Table 3 divided by delta dv from Table 1(a) for each control option, in millions

Number of Class I Areas with visibility impairment ≥ 0.5 dv

Class I Area

Class I Area

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 3.06 3.02 1.90 0.48 0.25 0.22 2.31 0.25 0.56

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 2.62 2.57 1.57 0.37 0.21 0.17 1.96 0.20 0.47

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 2.29 2.18 1.40 0.32 0.17 0.13 1.70 0.17 0.38

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.74 1.71 1.02 0.20 0.13 0.08 1.27 0.13 0.28

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

Visibility Impairment (-dv) Apache: 98th Percentile Visibility Impairment, IMPROVE Method 6 Ann. Avg. Background

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 0.44 0.45 0.33 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.35 0.04 0.09

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 0.77 0.84 0.49 0.16 0.08 0.09 0.61 0.08 0.18

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.32 1.31 0.88 0.28 0.12 0.14 1.04 0.12 0.27

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

Visibility Benefit, dv

Apache: Visibility Benefit of Controls, IMPROVE Method 6 Ann. Avg. Background
Table 2. Control Options (per EPA Region 9) and Corresponding Emission Reductions Relative to Base Used in Visibility Modeling Conversion (lb/day to TPY) :

All Units All Units

Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1_R Ctrl2_R Ctrl3_S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY)

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY)

-

Emissions 

$/year

chir 3.112 2.898 2.444 1.481 2.744 2.413 2.077 2.616 2.205 1.59 0.214 0.668 1.631 0.368 0.699 1.035 0.496 0.907 1.522 2.826 2.690 2.431 1.634 2.598 2.419 2.249 2.524 2.308 1.799 0.136 0.395 1.192 0.228 0.407 0.577 0.302 0.518 1.027 3.055 2.926 2.476 1.527 2.740 2.454 2.186 2.607 2.288 1.668 0.129 0.579 1.528 0.315 0.601 0.869 0.448 0.767 1.387 3.055 2.898 1.552 2.742 2.454 2.186 2.616 2.288 1.735 0.157 0.579 1.503 0.313 0.601 0.869 0.439 0.767 1.320 Base Case OFA 0 None 0 0 $0

chrw 3.023 2.812 2.355 1.550 2.658 2.326 2.056 2.529 2.146 1.715 0.211 0.668 1.473 0.365 0.697 0.967 0.494 0.877 1.308 2.943 2.822 2.408 1.475 2.698 2.376 2.061 2.574 2.182 1.593 0.121 0.535 1.468 0.245 0.567 0.882 0.369 0.761 1.350 2.975 2.761 2.320 1.398 2.610 2.293 1.976 2.485 2.094 1.51 0.214 0.655 1.577 0.365 0.682 0.999 0.490 0.881 1.465 3.023 2.822 1.549 2.698 2.376 2.061 2.574 2.182 1.712 0.201 0.615 1.474 0.325 0.647 0.962 0.449 0.841 1.311 Ctrl-1 OFA 0 LNB 908 908 $1,280,825

gali 1.576 1.478 1.224 0.748 1.398 1.214 1.123 1.322 1.155 0.833 0.098 0.352 0.828 0.178 0.362 0.453 0.254 0.421 0.743 1.832 1.651 1.323 0.869 1.527 1.317 1.232 1.426 1.261 0.953 0.181 0.509 0.963 0.305 0.515 0.600 0.406 0.571 0.879 2.297 2.170 1.896 1.138 2.078 1.879 1.664 2.001 1.745 1.224 0.127 0.401 1.159 0.219 0.418 0.633 0.296 0.552 1.073 1.895 1.749 0.920 1.648 1.488 1.356 1.568 1.402 1.02 0.146 0.398 0.975 0.247 0.407 0.539 0.327 0.493 0.875 Ctrl-2 LNB 700 LNB + SNCR 1544 2244 $4,411,902

gila 0.509 0.444 0.330 0.170 0.402 0.329 0.259 0.368 0.28 0.18 0.065 0.179 0.339 0.107 0.180 0.250 0.141 0.229 0.329 0.567 0.515 0.411 0.218 0.479 0.406 0.328 0.451 0.355 0.234 0.052 0.156 0.349 0.088 0.161 0.239 0.116 0.212 0.333 0.388 0.351 0.289 0.172 0.329 0.288 0.242 0.311 0.26 0.181 0.037 0.099 0.216 0.059 0.100 0.146 0.077 0.128 0.207 0.479 0.437 0.182 0.402 0.347 0.297 0.371 0.318 0.197 0.042 0.130 0.297 0.077 0.132 0.182 0.108 0.161 0.282 Ctrl-3 LNB + SCR 2019 LNB + SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

maza 0.263 0.238 0.205 0.135 0.223 0.204 0.179 0.211 0.19 0.144 0.025 0.058 0.128 0.040 0.059 0.084 0.052 0.073 0.119 0.240 0.226 0.200 0.133 0.217 0.199 0.182 0.209 0.187 0.144 0.014 0.040 0.107 0.023 0.041 0.058 0.031 0.053 0.096 0.199 0.187 0.163 0.104 0.179 0.163 0.142 0.172 0.15 0.11 0.012 0.036 0.095 0.020 0.036 0.057 0.027 0.049 0.089 0.245 0.223 0.119 0.213 0.187 0.162 0.208 0.169 0.128 0.022 0.056 0.126 0.032 0.058 0.083 0.037 0.076 0.117 Ctrl-4 OFA 0 LNB + SNCR 1544 1544 $3,142,336

moba 0.212 0.190 0.147 0.067 0.175 0.146 0.118 0.162 0.128 0.07 0.022 0.065 0.145 0.037 0.066 0.094 0.050 0.084 0.142 0.224 0.203 0.154 0.098 0.185 0.151 0.129 0.171 0.133 0.102 0.021 0.070 0.126 0.039 0.073 0.095 0.053 0.091 0.122 0.176 0.157 0.121 0.070 0.145 0.121 0.098 0.134 0.105 0.074 0.019 0.055 0.106 0.031 0.055 0.078 0.042 0.071 0.102 0.216 0.194 0.074 0.179 0.151 0.120 0.167 0.131 0.077 0.022 0.064 0.142 0.037 0.065 0.096 0.049 0.085 0.139 Ctrl-5 OFA 0 LNB + SCR 2682 2682 $6,626,847

sagu 2.113 1.995 1.741 1.046 1.910 1.725 1.462 1.838 1.58 1.152 0.118 0.372 1.067 0.203 0.388 0.651 0.275 0.533 0.961 2.503 2.359 2.038 1.166 2.254 2.017 1.752 2.163 1.854 1.308 0.144 0.465 1.337 0.249 0.486 0.751 0.340 0.649 1.195 2.239 2.106 1.837 1.254 2.027 1.823 1.600 1.946 1.68 1.413 0.133 0.402 0.985 0.212 0.416 0.639 0.293 0.559 0.826 2.308 2.153 1.161 2.056 1.826 1.630 1.963 1.7 1.273 0.155 0.466 1.147 0.252 0.482 0.678 0.345 0.608 1.035 Ctrl-6 LNB 700 LNB + SCR 2682 3382 $7,896,413

sian 0.247 0.218 0.185 0.111 0.199 0.184 0.154 0.191 0.165 0.122 0.029 0.062 0.136 0.048 0.063 0.093 0.056 0.082 0.125 0.271 0.245 0.211 0.140 0.233 0.209 0.187 0.223 0.194 0.149 0.026 0.060 0.131 0.038 0.062 0.084 0.048 0.077 0.122 0.242 0.221 0.182 0.120 0.207 0.181 0.155 0.196 0.163 0.127 0.021 0.060 0.122 0.035 0.061 0.087 0.046 0.079 0.115 0.247 0.226 0.121 0.213 0.188 0.160 0.203 0.168 0.13 0.021 0.058 0.126 0.034 0.059 0.087 0.044 0.079 0.117 Ctrl1-R LNB 700 LNB 908 1608 $2,550,391

supe 0.543 0.492 0.407 0.257 0.457 0.405 0.371 0.428 0.382 0.28 0.051 0.136 0.286 0.086 0.138 0.172 0.115 0.161 0.263 0.622 0.573 0.482 0.244 0.541 0.477 0.399 0.515 0.427 0.263 0.049 0.140 0.378 0.081 0.145 0.223 0.107 0.195 0.359 0.451 0.416 0.351 0.275 0.393 0.351 0.335 0.373 0.34 0.3 0.035 0.100 0.176 0.058 0.100 0.116 0.078 0.111 0.151 0.557 0.522 0.259 0.499 0.422 0.371 0.467 0.382 0.283 0.035 0.131 0.298 0.058 0.135 0.186 0.090 0.175 0.274 Ctrl2-R LNB+SNCR 1190 LNB+SNCR 1544 2734 $5,971,695

Ctrl3-S LNB+SCR 2019 LNB+SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

2001 Table 3. NOx Control Technologies for AEPCO Apache Units 2-3 (from Andover Technology Partners Report Table 4-4)

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

chir 0.236 0.298 0.347 0.238 0.261 0.306 0.308 0.332 0.324 0.150 0.176 0.254 0.148 0.152 0.171 0.188 0.189 0.218 0.142 0.258 0.325 0.204 0.224 0.257 0.279 0.281 0.295 0.173 0.258 0.320 0.203 0.224 0.257 0.273 0.281 0.281 LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR

chrw 0.232 0.298 0.313 0.236 0.260 0.286 0.307 0.321 0.278 0.133 0.238 0.312 0.159 0.211 0.261 0.229 0.278 0.287 0.236 0.292 0.335 0.236 0.254 0.295 0.305 0.322 0.312 0.221 0.274 0.314 0.210 0.241 0.284 0.279 0.308 0.279 Capacity Factor 62% 62% 62% 71% 71% 71%

gali 0.108 0.157 0.176 0.115 0.135 0.134 0.158 0.154 0.158 0.199 0.227 0.205 0.198 0.192 0.177 0.252 0.209 0.187 0.140 0.179 0.247 0.142 0.156 0.187 0.184 0.202 0.228 0.161 0.177 0.207 0.160 0.152 0.159 0.203 0.180 0.186 Control Efficiency 30% 51% 87% 30% 51% 89%

gila 0.072 0.080 0.072 0.069 0.067 0.074 0.088 0.084 0.070 0.057 0.070 0.074 0.057 0.060 0.071 0.072 0.078 0.071 0.041 0.044 0.046 0.038 0.037 0.043 0.048 0.047 0.044 0.046 0.058 0.063 0.050 0.049 0.054 0.067 0.059 0.060 Uncontrolled Rate

maza 0.028 0.026 0.027 0.026 0.022 0.025 0.032 0.027 0.025 0.015 0.018 0.023 0.015 0.015 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.020 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.013 0.013 0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.024 0.025 0.027 0.021 0.022 0.025 0.023 0.028 0.025 NOx Rate (lb/hr) 859 859 859 974 974 974

moba 0.024 0.029 0.031 0.024 0.025 0.028 0.031 0.031 0.030 0.023 0.031 0.027 0.025 0.027 0.028 0.033 0.033 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.026 0.026 0.022 0.024 0.029 0.030 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.030 0.031 0.030 NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.44 0.44

sagu 0.130 0.166 0.227 0.131 0.145 0.192 0.171 0.195 0.204 0.159 0.207 0.284 0.161 0.181 0.222 0.211 0.237 0.254 0.146 0.179 0.210 0.137 0.155 0.189 0.182 0.204 0.176 0.171 0.208 0.244 0.163 0.180 0.200 0.215 0.222 0.220 NOx (TPY) 2333 2333 2333 3028 3028 3028

sian 0.032 0.028 0.029 0.031 0.023 0.027 0.035 0.030 0.027 0.029 0.027 0.028 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.030 0.028 0.026 0.023 0.027 0.026 0.023 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.029 0.024 0.023 0.026 0.027 0.022 0.022 0.026 0.027 0.029 0.025 Controlled Rate

supe 0.056 0.061 0.061 0.056 0.051 0.051 0.072 0.059 0.056 0.054 0.062 0.080 0.052 0.054 0.066 0.067 0.071 0.076 0.039 0.045 0.037 0.038 0.037 0.034 0.049 0.041 0.032 0.039 0.058 0.063 0.038 0.050 0.055 0.056 0.064 0.058 NOx Rate (lb/hr) 601 421 116 682 477 111

*Uses the formula: dv/1000 TPY ≡ NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.26 0.18 0.05 0.31 0.21 0.05

TPY reduction relative to base NOx (TPY) 1633 1143 314 2120 1484 346 sjb 2012-07-12: fixed SCR formula, updated unit 2 LNB+SNCR cost

Table 5(a). Control Option Cost Effectiveness (million $/dv)† for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 (see "EGU BART Costs_Apache_Cholla_Coronado_FINAL2.xlsx")

Tons/Year Removed 700 1190 2019 908 1544 2683 unit 2 unit 3

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S $/yr LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR

chir 6 7 8 9 9 8 5 7 9 9 11 11 14 16 14 8 12 13 10 8 9 10 11 9 6 8 9 8 8 9 10 11 9 6 8 10 Total Cost, $/year $1,269,566 $2,829,359 ########## $1,280,825 ########## ########## should be $2,829,359 $6,407,583 $3,142,336 $6,626,847

chrw 6 7 9 9 10 8 5 7 10 11 8 9 13 12 9 7 8 10 6 7 8 9 10 8 5 7 9 6 7 9 10 10 8 6 7 10 $/Ton $1,814 $2,378 $3,174 $1,410 $2,039 $2,477 was $2,829,359 $6,697,809 $3,145,366 $7,213,488

gali 13 13 16 18 18 17 10 14 18 7 9 14 10 13 13 6 10 15 10 11 11 14 16 12 9 11 12 9 11 13 13 16 15 8 12 15 $/Ton (incremental) $1,814 $3,184 $3,896 $1,410 $2,934 $3,022 difference $0 -$290,226 -$3,030 -$586,641

gila 20 25 38 29 37 32 18 26 40 25 28 37 36 41 33 22 28 39 35 45 60 53 66 54 33 47 63 30 34 44 41 50 43 24 37 46

maza 51 76 102 79 112 94 49 82 110 91 110 122 137 162 136 82 113 136 107 123 137 157 184 139 94 122 146 58 79 103 98 114 95 69 79 111 % difference 0.00% -4.53% -0.10% -8.85%

moba 58 68 90 85 100 84 51 71 92 61 63 103 81 91 83 48 66 107 67 80 123 101 120 101 61 84 128 58 69 92 85 102 82 52 70 94

sagu 11 12 12 15 17 12 9 11 14 9 9 10 13 14 11 8 9 11 10 11 13 15 16 12 9 11 16 8 9 11 12 14 12 7 10 13

sian 44 71 96 65 105 85 46 73 104 49 74 99 83 107 94 53 78 107 61 74 107 90 109 91 55 76 113 61 76 103 92 112 91 58 76 111

supe 25 32 46 37 48 46 22 37 50 26 32 34 39 46 35 24 31 36 37 44 74 54 66 68 33 54 86 37 34 44 54 49 42 28 34 48

Notes

Higher pre-LNB NOx emissions on Unit 2

Incremental visibility impact of LNB on Unit 3 (compared to Base Case)

Incremental visibility impact of SCR for all units (compared to Ctrl2-R)

* SCR is actually capable of 90% removal. The model that we used set a lower limit of 0.05 lb/MMBtu, but lower NOx levels should be achievable

Apache 2 – NOx Apache 3 - NOx

Post-LNB NOx emissions+SNCR on both units

H2SO4 fugitive emissions sensitivity w.r.t. Base Case; SCR on both units

All Years

Incremental impact of LNB on Unit 2 (compared to Ctrl-4) 

2003

2003

All Years

Per conf call with Uma on 4/11, already completed.

Per conf call with Uma on 4/11, already completed.

Incremental visibility impact of SCR on Unit 3 (compared to Ctrl-2)

Post-LNB NOx emissions on both units

†million $/dv = $/year ( in millions) from Table 3 divided by change in dv from Table 1(a) for each control option.

CIA

CIA

CIA

2001 2002

2002

98th Percentile -dv Change relative to base (dv)

2001

98 Change relative to base (dv) th Percentile -dv

2002

1000 * dv change relative to base 

98th Change relative to base (dv) Percentile -dv

Unit 3

2003

 Change relative to base (dv)

All Years

Table 1(a). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) at Each Class I Area (CIA) Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options (listed in Table 2)

Table 4(a). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/1000 TPY)* for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 

Unit 2

Control Option 98th Percentile -dv
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

Table 2. Control Options (per EPA Region 9) and Corresponding Emission Reductions Relative to Base Used in Visibility Modeling 

All Units All Units

Controls

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual) $/year

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case OFA 0 None (current) 0 0 $0

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 OFA 0 LNB 908 908 $1,280,825

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 LNB 700 LNB + SNCR 1544 2244 $4,411,902

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 LNB + SCR 2019 LNB + SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 OFA 0 LNB + SNCR 1544 1544 $3,142,336

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 OFA 0 LNB + SCR 2682 2682 $6,626,847

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 LNB 700 LNB + SCR 2682 3382 $7,896,413

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R LNB 700 LNB 908 1608 $2,550,391

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R LNB+SNCR 1190 LNB+SNCR 1544 2734 $5,971,695

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S LNB+SCR 2019 LNB+SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

Table 3. NOx Control Technologies for AEPCO Apache Units 2-3 (from Andover Technology Partners Report Table 4-4)

LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR

Capacity Factor 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.71 0.71 0.71

Control Efficiency 0.3 0.51 0.87 0.3 0.51 0.89

Uncontrolled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 859 859 859 974 974 974

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.44 0.44

NOx (TPY) 2333 2333 2333 3028 3028 3028

Controlled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 601 421 116 682 477 111

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.26 0.18 0.05 0.31 0.21 0.05

NOx (TPY) 1633 1143 314 2120 1484 346

Tons/Year Removed 700 1190 2019 908 1544 2683

Total Cost, $/year $1,269,566 $2,829,359 $6,407,583 $1,280,825 $3,142,336 $6,626,847

 $/Ton $1,814 $2,378 $3,174 $1,410 $2,039 $2,477

$/Ton (incremental) $1,814 $3,184 $3,896 $1,410 $2,934 $3,022

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

* SCR is actually capable of 90% removal. The model that we used set a lower limit of 0.05 lb/MMBtu, but lower 

NOx levels should be achievable

Control 

Option

Unit 2 Unit 3

Apache 2 - NOx Apache 3 - NOx

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 6, 20% best background

Using dv from area with highest impact (9 areas)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY (x 

1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

# areas w/ 

improvement 

> 0.5 dv

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 3.8

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 3.6 0.26 0.281 $5.0 0

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 3.1 0.77 0.344 $5.7 3

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 2.0 1.84 0.391 $7.1 4

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 3.4 0.42 0.272 $7.5 0

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 3.1 0.81 0.302 $8.2 4

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 2.7 1.19 0.352 $6.6 4

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 3.3 0.57 0.354 $4.5 2

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 2.9 1.03 0.378 $5.8 4

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 2.2 1.61 0.343 $8.1 4

(same tons & costs as above) Using dv sum over all areas (9 areas)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY (x 

1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 15.2

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 14.1 1.01 1.109 $1.3

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 12.0 3.11 1.387 $1.4

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 7.6 7.55 1.607 $1.7

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 13.5 1.70 1.102 $1.8

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 11.9 3.22 1.202 $2.1

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 10.6 4.60 1.360 $1.7

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 12.8 2.36 1.470 $1.1

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 11.0 4.11 1.502 $1.5

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 8.4 6.77 1.440 $1.9
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 6, 20% best background (this page edited from vis6.20best sheet)

Table 1(b). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options

Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Class I Area Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 

2; LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 3.82 3.61 3.10 1.98 3.43 3.07 2.74 3.27 2.87 2.21 0.00 0.22 0.73 1.84 0.39 0.75 1.08 0.56 0.96 1.61

chrw Chiricahua 3.78 3.53 3.01 1.96 3.36 2.98 2.59 3.21 2.75 2.17 0.00 0.26 0.77 1.83 0.42 0.81 1.19 0.57 1.03 1.61

gali Galiuro 2.39 2.21 1.89 1.18 2.08 1.88 1.72 1.98 1.78 1.31 0.00 0.18 0.50 1.21 0.31 0.51 0.67 0.41 0.61 1.08

gila Gila 0.61 0.56 0.45 0.24 0.52 0.44 0.38 0.47 0.41 0.26 0.00 0.05 0.17 0.38 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.14 0.21 0.36

maza Mazatzal 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.15 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.27 0.22 0.17 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.17 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.10 0.15

moba Mount Baldy 0.28 0.25 0.20 0.10 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.17 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.08 0.19 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.11 0.18

sagu Saguaro 2.90 2.73 2.35 1.50 2.62 2.33 2.07 2.50 2.15 1.64 0.00 0.17 0.55 1.40 0.28 0.57 0.83 0.40 0.75 1.26

sian Sierra Ancha 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.16 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.26 0.22 0.17 0.00 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.15

supe Superstition 0.72 0.67 0.55 0.34 0.65 0.55 0.48 0.60 0.49 0.37 0.00 0.05 0.17 0.39 0.08 0.18 0.25 0.12 0.23 0.36

Total 15.15 14.15 12.04 7.60 13.45 11.93 10.55 12.79 11.05 8.38 1.01 3.11 7.55 1.70 3.22 4.60 2.36 4.11 6.77

Max 3.82 3.61 3.10 1.98 3.43 3.07 2.74 3.27 2.87 2.21 0.26 0.77 1.84 0.42 0.81 1.19 0.57 1.03 1.61

# CIAs w/ -dv ≥ 0.5 6 6 5 4 6 5 4 5 4 4 0 3 4 0 4 4 2 4 4

Table 4(b). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/thousand TPY)*

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 0.239 0.324 0.391 0.254 0.281 0.319 0.346 0.349 0.343

chrw Chiricahua 0.281 0.344 0.389 0.272 0.302 0.352 0.354 0.378 0.343

gali Galiuro 0.198 0.221 0.257 0.198 0.189 0.198 0.252 0.225 0.231

gila Gila 0.058 0.075 0.080 0.060 0.064 0.069 0.086 0.076 0.076

maza Mazatzal 0.032 0.033 0.035 0.027 0.028 0.033 0.032 0.037 0.033

moba Mount Baldy 0.032 0.037 0.039 0.031 0.032 0.037 0.040 0.041 0.039

sagu Saguaro 0.184 0.244 0.299 0.183 0.212 0.246 0.248 0.274 0.269

sian Sierra Ancha 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.028 0.029 0.033 0.037 0.038 0.032

supe Superstition 0.053 0.076 0.082 0.050 0.066 0.072 0.074 0.084 0.076

Average 0.123 0.154 0.179 0.122 0.134 0.151 0.163 0.167 0.160 average of all area's (dv/annual TPY)

dv_sum/TPY 1.109 1.387 1.607 1.102 1.202 1.360 1.470 1.502 1.440 (sum of dv benefits over all areas) / (annual TPY)

dv_max/TPY 0.281 0.344 0.391 0.272 0.302 0.352 0.354 0.378 0.343 (max dv benefit of any area) / (annual TPY)

*Uses the formula: dv/thousand TPY = 1000 * (dv change relative to base) / (TPY reduction relative to base)

Table 5(b). Control Option Cost Effectiveness (million $/dv)†

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 6 6 7 8 9 7 5 6 8

chrw Chiricahua 5 6 7 7 8 7 4 6 8

gali Galiuro 7 9 11 10 13 12 6 10 12

gila Gila 24 26 34 34 39 34 18 29 36

maza Mazatzal 44 60 79 77 88 72 50 60 85

moba Mount Baldy 44 53 70 65 78 63 40 54 72

sagu Saguaro 8 8 9 11 12 9 6 8 10

sian Sierra Ancha 44 58 80 71 85 71 43 57 86

supe Superstition 27 26 34 41 38 32 21 26 37

$/dv_sum 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.9 ($/yr) / (sum of dv benefits over all areas)

$/dv_max 5.0 5.7 7.1 7.5 8.2 6.6 4.5 5.8 8.1 ($/yr) / (max dv benefit of any area)

†$/dv = $ per year from Table 3 divided by delta dv from Table 1(b) for each control option, in millions

Class I Area

98 Change relative to base (dv) th Percentile -dv

Class I Area

Number of Class I Areas with visibility impairment ≥ 0.5 dv Number of Class I Areas with visibility improvement ≥ 0.5 dv

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 3.82 3.78 2.39 0.61 0.32 0.28 2.90 0.32 0.72

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 3.27 3.21 1.98 0.47 0.27 0.22 2.50 0.26 0.60

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 2.87 2.75 1.78 0.41 0.22 0.17 2.15 0.22 0.49

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 2.21 2.17 1.31 0.26 0.17 0.10 1.64 0.17 0.37

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

Visibility Impairment (-dv)

Apache: 98th Percentile Visibility Impairment, 

IMPROVE Method 6 20% Best Background

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 0.56 0.57 0.41 0.14 0.05 0.06 0.40 0.06 0.12

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 0.96 1.03 0.61 0.21 0.10 0.11 0.75 0.10 0.23

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.61 1.61 1.08 0.36 0.15 0.18 1.26 0.15 0.36

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

Visibility Benefit, dv Apache: Visibility Benefit of Controls, IMPROVE Method 6 20% Best Background
Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

chir 3.862 3.605 3.056 1.896 3.419 3.019 2.609

chrw 3.784 3.529 2.971 1.975 3.342 2.936 2.594

gali 2.011 1.880 1.562 0.957 1.781 1.541 1.418

gila 0.659 0.576 0.424 0.217 0.521 0.423 0.333

maza 0.339 0.307 0.264 0.176 0.291 0.264 0.233

moba 0.276 0.247 0.192 0.088 0.228 0.190 0.154

sagu 2.690 2.543 2.221 1.351 2.437 2.197 1.878

sian 0.321 0.284 0.237 0.145 0.259 0.237 0.201

supe 0.702 0.636 0.523 0.332 0.590 0.521 0.477

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

chir 0.283 0.359 0.418 0.287 0.314 0.370 0.371

chrw 0.281 0.362 0.385 0.286 0.316 0.352 0.373

gali 0.144 0.200 0.224 0.149 0.175 0.175 0.202

gila 0.091 0.105 0.094 0.089 0.088 0.096 0.115

maza 0.035 0.033 0.035 0.031 0.028 0.031 0.041

moba 0.032 0.037 0.040 0.031 0.032 0.036 0.040

sagu 0.162 0.209 0.285 0.164 0.184 0.240 0.213

sian 0.041 0.037 0.037 0.040 0.031 0.035 0.047

supe 0.073 0.080 0.079 0.073 0.067 0.067 0.092

*Uses the formula: 

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

chir 5 5 7 7 8 6 4

chrw 5 5 7 7 8 7 4

gali 10 10 12 14 14 13 8

gila 15 19 29 23 28 24 14

maza 40 59 80 65 88 74 39

moba 44 53 69 65 77 65 40

sagu 9 9 10 12 13 10 7

sian 35 53 74 51 79 66 34

CIA

98th Percentile -dv

Table 5(b). Control Option Cost Effectiveness ($/dv)† for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 

2001

2001

CIA

Table 1(b). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) at Each Class I Area (CIA) Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 

CIA

Table 4(b). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/1000 TPY)* for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influenc

 dv/1000 TPY ≡ 1000 * dv change relative to base

TPY reduction relative to base 
supe 19 25 35 28 37 35 17

†million $/dv = $/year from Table 3 divided by change in dv from Table 1(b) for each control option, in millions.
Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

3.265 2.765 2.033 0.257 0.806 1.966 0.443 0.843

3.184 2.694 2.177 0.255 0.813 1.809 0.442 0.848

1.686 1.457 1.065 0.131 0.449 1.054 0.230 0.470

0.474 0.36 0.231 0.083 0.235 0.442 0.138 0.236

0.273 0.247 0.187 0.032 0.075 0.163 0.048 0.075

0.212 0.166 0.091 0.029 0.084 0.188 0.048 0.086

2.348 2.023 1.486 0.147 0.469 1.339 0.253 0.493

0.245 0.215 0.158 0.037 0.084 0.176 0.062 0.084

0.554 0.491 0.364 0.066 0.179 0.370 0.112 0.181

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

0.401 0.389 0.183 0.214 0.311 0.179 0.185 0.208

0.399 0.342 0.161 0.295 0.379 0.201 0.261 0.320

0.203 0.201 0.249 0.289 0.261 0.247 0.244 0.226

0.109 0.091 0.074 0.092 0.096 0.073 0.079 0.092

0.034 0.032 0.020 0.024 0.029 0.019 0.020 0.022

0.040 0.039 0.029 0.039 0.034 0.030 0.034 0.036

0.244 0.256 0.193 0.254 0.351 0.198 0.222 0.273

0.039 0.035 0.039 0.036 0.036 0.033 0.030 0.033

0.077 0.072 0.068 0.080 0.104 0.067 0.069 0.085

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

5 7 8 9 9 11 13 11

5 8 9 7 7 10 9 7

11 14 6 7 11 8 10 10

20 30 19 21 29 28 31 25

65 86 71 83 95 105 125 105

54 70 49 50 81 67 73 65

9 11 7 8 8 10 11 9

56 80 37 55 76 62 82 72

O Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 

2002

CO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options (listed in Table 2)

in AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 

 Change relative to base (dv)

2001

2002
28 39 21 25 27 30 36 28

 each control option, in millions.
Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3

1.253 0.597 1.097 1.829 3.552 3.386 3.071 2.089

1.190 0.600 1.090 1.607 3.674 3.528 3.013 1.890

0.593 0.325 0.554 0.946 2.335 2.109 1.687 1.110

0.326 0.185 0.299 0.428 0.733 0.666 0.527 0.283

0.106 0.066 0.092 0.152 0.310 0.292 0.257 0.173

0.122 0.064 0.110 0.185 0.288 0.262 0.200 0.128

0.812 0.342 0.667 1.204 3.151 2.976 2.581 1.503

0.120 0.076 0.106 0.163 0.353 0.318 0.273 0.182

0.225 0.148 0.211 0.338 0.805 0.743 0.625 0.316

Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

0.228 0.231 0.271 0.166 0.324 0.402 0.238 0.281

0.286 0.338 0.348 0.285 0.355 0.414 0.287 0.309

0.316 0.265 0.238 0.172 0.221 0.308 0.175 0.193

0.095 0.102 0.091 0.052 0.057 0.059 0.049 0.048

0.025 0.025 0.026 0.019 0.021 0.026 0.017 0.018

0.040 0.042 0.033 0.028 0.032 0.030 0.027 0.027

0.259 0.292 0.312 0.170 0.219 0.255 0.161 0.190

0.040 0.037 0.034 0.029 0.034 0.034 0.028 0.029

0.085 0.092 0.099 0.051 0.057 0.049 0.049 0.048

Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

7 9 10 8 6 7 9 9

6 6 8 5 6 7 7 8

5 8 12 8 9 9 12 13

17 21 30 27 35 47 42 52

62 88 106 75 94 105 116 138

39 52 84 51 61 94 77 91

6 7 9 8 9 11 13 13

40 60 82 49 57 82 71 84

2003

2003

ted in Table 2)

relative to base (dv)
19 24 28 28 34 56 41 51
Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2

3.275 3.056 2.847 3.185 2.92 2.276 0.166 0.481

3.364 2.975 2.592 3.214 2.751 2.037 0.146 0.661

1.954 1.680 1.572 1.827 1.61 1.215 0.226 0.648

0.620 0.521 0.421 0.581 0.455 0.304 0.067 0.206

0.280 0.257 0.235 0.269 0.242 0.187 0.018 0.053

0.241 0.197 0.167 0.223 0.173 0.133 0.026 0.088

2.846 2.555 2.227 2.735 2.353 1.683 0.175 0.570

0.302 0.272 0.243 0.289 0.253 0.194 0.035 0.080

0.701 0.619 0.518 0.668 0.554 0.341 0.062 0.180

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

0.319 0.351 0.349 0.366 0.239 0.324 0.391 0.254

0.360 0.370 0.393 0.385 0.281 0.344 0.389 0.272

0.232 0.228 0.250 0.285 0.198 0.221 0.257 0.198

0.055 0.061 0.060 0.056 0.058 0.075 0.080 0.060

0.022 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.032 0.033 0.035 0.027

0.030 0.034 0.034 0.029 0.032 0.037 0.039 0.031

0.223 0.216 0.242 0.215 0.184 0.244 0.299 0.183

0.034 0.037 0.037 0.032 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.028

0.044 0.063 0.053 0.043 0.053 0.076 0.082 0.050

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

7 5 6 8 6 6 7 8

6 4 6 7 5 6 7 7

10 7 9 10 7 9 11 10

42 26 36 50 24 26 34 34

105 71 95 112 44 60 79 77

77 46 64 96 44 53 70 65

10 7 9 13 8 8 9 11

69 43 59 87 44 58 80 71

98th Percentile -dv

2002
53 25 41 65 27 26 34 41
Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base

1.463 0.277 0.496 0.705 0.367 0.632 1.276 3.822

1.784 0.310 0.699 1.082 0.460 0.923 1.637 3.720

1.225 0.381 0.655 0.763 0.508 0.725 1.120 2.910

0.450 0.113 0.212 0.312 0.152 0.278 0.429 0.499

0.137 0.030 0.053 0.075 0.041 0.068 0.123 0.259

0.160 0.047 0.091 0.121 0.065 0.115 0.155 0.230

1.648 0.305 0.596 0.924 0.416 0.798 1.468 2.805

0.171 0.051 0.081 0.110 0.064 0.100 0.159 0.314

0.489 0.104 0.186 0.287 0.137 0.251 0.464 0.586

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

0.281 0.319 0.346 0.349 0.343

0.302 0.352 0.354 0.378 0.343

0.189 0.198 0.252 0.225 0.231

0.064 0.069 0.086 0.076 0.076

0.028 0.033 0.032 0.037 0.033

0.032 0.037 0.040 0.041 0.039

0.212 0.246 0.248 0.274 0.269

0.029 0.033 0.037 0.038 0.032

0.066 0.072 0.074 0.084 0.076

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

9 7 5 6 8

8 7 4 6 8

13 12 6 10 12

39 34 18 29 36

88 72 50 60 85

78 63 40 54 72

12 9 6 8 10

85 71 43 57 86

All Years

All Years

 Change relative to base (dv)
38 32 21 26 37
Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R

3.671 3.096 1.931 3.454 3.069 2.742 3.257 2.867

3.461 2.923 1.772 3.277 2.890 2.501 3.125 2.645

2.754 2.413 1.460 2.640 2.393 2.125 2.544 2.226

0.452 0.372 0.223 0.424 0.371 0.312 0.401 0.335

0.242 0.212 0.135 0.232 0.211 0.184 0.223 0.196

0.205 0.158 0.091 0.189 0.157 0.127 0.175 0.137

2.651 2.313 1.605 2.556 2.295 2.050 2.457 2.144

0.288 0.237 0.155 0.270 0.235 0.199 0.255 0.213

0.540 0.457 0.354 0.510 0.457 0.436 0.485 0.442

98th Percentile -dv

Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

2.102 0.151 0.726 1.891 0.368 0.753 1.080 0.565

1.911 0.259 0.797 1.948 0.443 0.830 1.219 0.595

1.569 0.156 0.497 1.450 0.270 0.517 0.785 0.366

0.236 0.047 0.127 0.276 0.075 0.128 0.187 0.098

0.143 0.017 0.047 0.124 0.027 0.048 0.075 0.036

0.094 0.025 0.072 0.139 0.041 0.073 0.103 0.055

1.792 0.154 0.492 1.200 0.249 0.510 0.755 0.348

0.164 0.026 0.077 0.159 0.044 0.079 0.115 0.059

0.385 0.046 0.129 0.232 0.076 0.129 0.150 0.101

 Change relative to base (dv)

2003

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

0.955 1.720 3.822 3.605 3.096 1.983 3.430 3.069

1.075 1.809 3.784 3.529 3.013 1.955 3.364 2.975

0.684 1.341 2.389 2.209 1.893 1.183 2.084 1.881

0.164 0.263 0.613 0.560 0.445 0.235 0.521 0.442

0.063 0.116 0.319 0.290 0.246 0.154 0.278 0.244

0.093 0.136 0.281 0.252 0.198 0.096 0.233 0.196

0.661 1.013 2.901 2.734 2.353 1.497 2.618 2.333

0.101 0.150 0.321 0.292 0.245 0.158 0.277 0.243

0.144 0.201 0.722 0.674 0.551 0.337 0.645 0.546

98th Percentile -dv

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3

2.742 3.265 2.867 2.21 0.217 0.726 1.839

2.594 3.214 2.751 2.173 0.255 0.771 1.829

1.718 1.984 1.775 1.305 0.180 0.496 1.206

0.378 0.474 0.405 0.255 0.053 0.168 0.378

0.209 0.268 0.219 0.165 0.029 0.073 0.165

0.156 0.217 0.17 0.1 0.029 0.083 0.185

2.068 2.502 2.151 1.638 0.167 0.548 1.404

0.209 0.262 0.217 0.17 0.029 0.076 0.163

0.477 0.603 0.491 0.366 0.048 0.171 0.385

All Years

Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

0.392 0.753 1.080 0.557 0.955 1.612

0.420 0.809 1.190 0.570 1.033 1.611

0.305 0.508 0.671 0.405 0.614 1.084

0.092 0.171 0.235 0.139 0.208 0.358

0.041 0.075 0.110 0.051 0.100 0.154

0.048 0.085 0.125 0.064 0.111 0.181

0.283 0.568 0.833 0.399 0.750 1.263

0.044 0.078 0.112 0.059 0.104 0.151

0.077 0.176 0.245 0.119 0.231 0.356

 Change relative to base (dv)
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3 based on draft UNC results, 2012-04-30 (edited from aep_az_unit1-3_dollarperdv_analysis.xlsx)

Table 2. Control Options (per EPA Region 9) and Corresponding Emission Reductions Relative to Base Used in Visibility Modeling 

All Units All Units

Controls

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual) $/year

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case OFA 0 None (current) 0 0 $0

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 OFA 0 LNB 908 908 $1,280,825

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 LNB 700 LNB + SNCR 1544 2244 $4,411,902

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 LNB + SCR 2019 LNB + SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 OFA 0 LNB + SNCR 1544 1544 $3,142,336

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 OFA 0 LNB + SCR 2682 2682 $6,626,847

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 LNB 700 LNB + SCR 2682 3382 $7,896,413

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R LNB 700 LNB 908 1608 $2,550,391

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R LNB+SNCR 1190 LNB+SNCR 1544 2734 $5,971,695

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S LNB+SCR 2019 LNB+SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

Table 3. NOx Control Technologies for AEPCO Apache Units 2-3 (from Andover Technology Partners Report Table 4-4)

LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR

Capacity Factor 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.71 0.71 0.71

Control Efficiency 0.3 0.51 0.87 0.3 0.51 0.89

Uncontrolled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 859 859 859 974 974 974

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.44 0.44

NOx (TPY) 2333 2333 2333 3028 3028 3028

Controlled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 601 421 116 682 477 111

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.26 0.18 0.05 0.31 0.21 0.05

NOx (TPY) 1633 1143 314 2120 1484 346

Tons/Year Removed 700 1190 2019 908 1544 2683

Total Cost, $/year $1,269,566 $2,829,359 $6,407,583 $1,280,825 $3,142,336 $6,626,847

 $/Ton $1,814 $2,378 $3,174 $1,410 $2,039 $2,477

$/Ton (incremental) $1,814 $3,184 $3,896 $1,410 $2,934 $3,022

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 8, annual average background

Using dv from area with highest impact (9 areas)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY 

(x 1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

# areas w/ 

improvement 

> 0.5 dv

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 2.8

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 2.6 0.21 0.232 $6.1 0

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 2.3 0.61 0.272 $7.2 2

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 1.4 1.44 0.306 $9.1 4

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 2.5 0.33 0.216 $9.4 0

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 2.3 0.64 0.238 $10.4 2

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 2.0 0.91 0.269 $8.7 4

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 2.4 0.44 0.275 $5.8 0

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 2.1 0.82 0.300 $7.3 4

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 1.5 1.30 0.277 $10.0 4

(same tons & costs as above) Using dv sum over all areas (9 areas)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY 

(x 1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 11.1

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 10.3 0.80 0.885 $1.6

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 8.7 2.37 1.054 $1.9

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 5.2 5.84 1.242 $2.2

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 9.8 1.31 0.846 $2.4

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 8.6 2.46 0.917 $2.7

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 7.6 3.50 1.035 $2.3

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 9.3 1.75 1.091 $1.5

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 7.9 3.14 1.148 $1.9

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 5.7 5.34 1.135 $2.4

* SCR is actually capable of 90% removal. The model that we used set a lower limit of 0.05 lb/MMBtu, but 

lower NOx levels should be achievable

Control 

Option

Unit 2 Unit 3

Apache 2 - NOx Apache 3 - NOx
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 8, annual average background (this page edited from vis8.annav sheet)

Table 1(c). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options

Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Class I Area Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 

2; LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 2.78 2.62 2.27 1.37 2.51 2.26 2.00 2.41 2.10 1.52 0.00 0.16 0.50 1.40 0.27 0.52 0.78 0.36 0.68 1.26

chrw Chiricahua 2.81 2.60 2.20 1.37 2.48 2.17 1.90 2.37 1.99 1.51 0.00 0.21 0.61 1.44 0.33 0.64 0.91 0.44 0.82 1.30

gali Galiuro 1.79 1.64 1.36 0.82 1.54 1.35 1.22 1.47 1.26 0.90 0.00 0.14 0.42 0.97 0.24 0.44 0.57 0.32 0.53 0.89

gila Gila 0.48 0.43 0.35 0.18 0.41 0.35 0.30 0.37 0.32 0.19 0.00 0.05 0.13 0.30 0.07 0.14 0.18 0.11 0.16 0.29

maza Mazatzal 0.22 0.20 0.17 0.10 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.18 0.15 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.11

moba Mount Baldy 0.21 0.19 0.15 0.07 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.14

sagu Saguaro 2.08 1.93 1.67 1.00 1.85 1.65 1.44 1.77 1.52 1.10 0.00 0.14 0.40 1.08 0.23 0.42 0.64 0.31 0.56 0.98

sian Sierra Ancha 0.23 0.21 0.17 0.11 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.11

supe Superstition 0.49 0.46 0.38 0.22 0.44 0.37 0.33 0.41 0.34 0.24 0.00 0.04 0.12 0.27 0.06 0.12 0.17 0.08 0.15 0.25

Total 11.08 10.28 8.72 5.24 9.78 8.62 7.58 9.33 7.94 5.75 0.80 2.37 5.84 1.31 2.46 3.50 1.75 3.14 5.34

Max 2.81 2.62 2.27 1.37 2.51 2.26 2.00 2.41 2.10 1.52 0.21 0.61 1.44 0.33 0.64 0.91 0.44 0.82 1.30

# CIAs w/ -dv ≥ 0.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 4 4

Table 4(c). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/thousand TPY)*

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 0.173 0.224 0.298 0.174 0.195 0.230 0.226 0.249 0.268

chrw Chiricahua 0.232 0.272 0.306 0.216 0.238 0.269 0.275 0.300 0.277

gali Galiuro 0.159 0.189 0.206 0.157 0.164 0.169 0.200 0.192 0.189

gila Gila 0.052 0.060 0.064 0.048 0.050 0.054 0.067 0.060 0.061

maza Mazatzal 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.023

moba Mount Baldy 0.025 0.029 0.030 0.025 0.025 0.027 0.032 0.031 0.029

sagu Saguaro 0.157 0.180 0.229 0.149 0.158 0.189 0.191 0.204 0.209

sian Sierra Ancha 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.023 0.022 0.025 0.029 0.029 0.024

supe Superstition 0.040 0.052 0.057 0.037 0.045 0.049 0.049 0.056 0.053

Average 0.098 0.117 0.138 0.094 0.102 0.115 0.121 0.128 0.126 average of all area's (dv/annual TPY)

dv_sum/TPY 0.885 1.054 1.242 0.846 0.917 1.035 1.091 1.148 1.135 (sum of dv benefits over all areas) / (annual TPY)

dv_max/TPY 0.232 0.272 0.306 0.216 0.238 0.269 0.275 0.300 0.277 (max dv benefit of any area) / (annual TPY)

*Uses the formula: dv/thousand TPY = 1000 * (dv change relative to base) / (TPY reduction relative to base)

Table 5(c). Control Option Cost Effectiveness (million $/dv)†

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 8 9 9 12 13 10 7 9 10

chrw Chiricahua 6 7 9 9 10 9 6 7 10

gali Galiuro 9 10 13 13 15 14 8 11 15

gila Gila 27 33 43 42 49 43 24 36 45

maza Mazatzal 64 88 112 112 130 104 71 88 120

moba Mount Baldy 56 67 91 83 99 85 50 69 94

sagu Saguaro 9 11 12 14 16 12 8 11 13

sian Sierra Ancha 56 76 109 90 110 94 55 76 115

supe Superstition 36 38 48 55 55 48 32 39 52

$/dv_sum 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.3 1.5 1.9 2.4 ($/yr) / (sum of dv benefits over all areas)

$/dv_max 6.1 7.2 9.1 9.4 10.4 8.7 5.8 7.3 10.0 ($/yr) / (max dv benefit of any area)

†$/dv = $ per year from Table 3 divided by delta dv from Table 1(c) for each control option, in millions

Number of Class I Areas with visibility impairment ≥ 0.5 dv

98 Change relative to base (dv) th Percentile -dv

Class I Area

Class I Area

Number of Class I Areas with visibility improvement ≥ 0.5 dv

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 2.78 2.81 1.79 0.48 0.22 0.21 2.08 0.23 0.49

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 2.41 2.37 1.47 0.37 0.18 0.16 1.77 0.18 0.41

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 2.10 1.99 1.26 0.32 0.15 0.13 1.52 0.15 0.34

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.52 1.51 0.90 0.19 0.11 0.07 1.10 0.12 0.24

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

Visibility Impairment (-dv) Apache: 98th Percentile Visibility Impairment, IMPROVE Method 8 Ann. Avg. Background

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 0.36 0.44 0.32 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.31 0.05 0.08

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 0.68 0.82 0.53 0.16 0.07 0.09 0.56 0.08 0.15

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.26 1.30 0.89 0.29 0.11 0.14 0.98 0.11 0.25

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

Visibility Benefit, dv

Apache Visibility Benefit of Controls, IMPROVE Method 8, Ann. Avg. Background
98th Percentile D-dv

Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

chir 2.624 2.466 2.157 1.197 2.358 2.143 1.891

chrw 2.773 2.574 2.198 1.371 2.466 2.170 1.862

gali 1.444 1.351 1.121 0.674 1.287 1.105 1.007

gila 0.512 0.453 0.328 0.159 0.410 0.327 0.250

maza 0.238 0.215 0.180 0.117 0.201 0.180 0.159

moba 0.212 0.189 0.146 0.065 0.174 0.145 0.117

sagu 1.914 1.794 1.552 0.905 1.713 1.537 1.289

sian 0.230 0.203 0.165 0.098 0.185 0.165 0.138

supe 0.491 0.443 0.362 0.222 0.411 0.360 0.327

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

chir 0.174 0.208 0.304 0.172 0.179 0.217 0.220

chrw 0.219 0.256 0.298 0.199 0.225 0.269 0.252

gali 0.102 0.144 0.164 0.102 0.126 0.129 0.142

gila 0.065 0.082 0.075 0.066 0.069 0.077 0.086

maza 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.032

moba 0.025 0.029 0.031 0.025 0.025 0.028 0.032

sagu 0.132 0.161 0.215 0.130 0.141 0.185 0.168

sian 0.030 0.029 0.028 0.029 0.024 0.027 0.037

supe 0.053 0.057 0.057 0.052 0.049 0.048 0.066

*Uses the formula: 

Table 5(c). Control Option Cost Effectiveness (million $/dv)† for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of 

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

chir 8 9 9 12 14 11 7

chrw 6 8 9 10 11 9 6

gali 14 14 17 20 20 18 11

gila 22 24 37 31 36 30 18

maza 56 76 108 85 114 100 50

moba 56 67 89 83 99 83 50

sagu 11 12 13 16 18 13 9

sian 47 68 99 70 102 86 43

 dv/1000 TPY ≡ 1000 * dv change relative to base 

TPY reduction relative to base 

2001

Table 4(c). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/TPY)* for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influ

CIA

Table 1(c). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) at Each Class I Area (CIA) Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influe

CIA

2001

CIA
supe 27 34 48 39 51 48 24

†million $/dv = $/year from Table 3 divided by change in dv from Table 1(c) for each control option, in millions.
Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

2.27 2.006 1.306 0.158 0.467 1.427 0.266 0.481

2.368 1.97 1.505 0.199 0.575 1.402 0.307 0.603

1.215 1.039 0.749 0.093 0.323 0.770 0.157 0.339

0.373 0.271 0.167 0.059 0.184 0.353 0.102 0.185

0.187 0.17 0.125 0.023 0.058 0.121 0.037 0.058

0.161 0.126 0.069 0.023 0.066 0.147 0.038 0.067

1.644 1.396 0.992 0.120 0.362 1.009 0.201 0.377

0.171 0.15 0.107 0.027 0.065 0.132 0.045 0.065

0.385 0.338 0.241 0.048 0.129 0.269 0.080 0.131

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

0.226 0.280 0.154 0.182 0.259 0.152 0.157 0.177

0.294 0.270 0.170 0.243 0.314 0.174 0.214 0.250

0.148 0.148 0.189 0.219 0.194 0.187 0.185 0.173

0.088 0.073 0.059 0.077 0.078 0.062 0.066 0.075

0.025 0.024 0.014 0.016 0.020 0.014 0.014 0.016

0.031 0.030 0.014 0.026 0.025 0.017 0.022 0.027

0.189 0.196 0.153 0.200 0.277 0.157 0.175 0.213

0.029 0.026 0.024 0.028 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.025

0.056 0.053 0.050 0.057 0.073 0.049 0.050 0.060

Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

10 10 9 11 11 13 16 13

7 10 8 8 9 12 12 9

15 19 7 9 14 11 13 13

25 38 24 26 36 33 37 31

88 115 99 119 139 150 179 149

69 91 99 76 110 116 110 86

12 14 9 10 10 13 14 11

75 106 58 70 105 81 104 94

2002

hin AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 

n AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options (listed in Table 2)

 Change relative to base (dv)

2001

2002
39 52 28 34 38 42 50 39

r each control option, in millions.
Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3

0.733 0.354 0.618 1.318 2.641 2.501 2.233 1.425

0.911 0.405 0.803 1.268 2.744 2.590 2.199 1.270

0.437 0.229 0.405 0.695 1.688 1.516 1.197 0.775

0.262 0.139 0.241 0.345 0.571 0.517 0.399 0.206

0.079 0.051 0.068 0.113 0.213 0.200 0.176 0.119

0.095 0.051 0.086 0.143 0.212 0.199 0.154 0.094

0.625 0.270 0.518 0.922 2.312 2.173 1.863 1.008

0.092 0.059 0.080 0.123 0.247 0.225 0.184 0.123

0.164 0.106 0.153 0.250 0.551 0.506 0.422 0.208

Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

0.193 0.196 0.232 0.215 0.247 0.313 0.214 0.215

0.239 0.277 0.293 0.232 0.287 0.330 0.233 0.250

0.239 0.203 0.179 0.134 0.172 0.235 0.136 0.149

0.080 0.083 0.073 0.044 0.045 0.046 0.040 0.038

0.018 0.018 0.018 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.013 0.013

0.025 0.030 0.024 0.023 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.022

0.205 0.229 0.252 0.135 0.187 0.206 0.148 0.160

0.032 0.029 0.025 0.022 0.025 0.024 0.021 0.021

0.061 0.065 0.070 0.036 0.042 0.035 0.035 0.035

Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

8 11 12 7 8 9 9 12

7 8 9 6 7 8 9 10

7 11 15 10 11 12 15 17

20 26 38 32 43 60 51 64

88 122 153 107 126 140 157 189

64 74 115 61 76 115 92 114

8 10 11 10 11 13 14 15

49 77 112 64 77 115 95 116

2003

 (listed in Table 2)

relative to base (dv)

2003
26 34 40 39 47 79 58 71
Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2

2.406 2.221 2.043 2.33 2.106 1.551 0.140 0.408

2.476 2.169 1.899 2.359 1.988 1.367 0.154 0.545

1.399 1.191 1.103 1.303 1.134 0.845 0.172 0.491

0.476 0.394 0.317 0.442 0.344 0.227 0.054 0.172

0.192 0.176 0.160 0.184 0.164 0.128 0.013 0.037

0.185 0.152 0.120 0.172 0.131 0.099 0.013 0.058

2.070 1.842 1.590 1.983 1.686 1.125 0.139 0.449

0.208 0.183 0.163 0.195 0.169 0.131 0.022 0.063

0.476 0.418 0.349 0.453 0.374 0.224 0.045 0.129

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

0.248 0.265 0.270 0.288 0.173 0.224 0.298 0.174

0.290 0.300 0.316 0.312 0.232 0.272 0.306 0.216

0.179 0.177 0.193 0.219 0.159 0.189 0.206 0.157

0.043 0.050 0.048 0.044 0.052 0.060 0.064 0.048

0.017 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.018

0.024 0.028 0.027 0.024 0.025 0.029 0.030 0.025

0.183 0.196 0.207 0.182 0.157 0.180 0.229 0.149

0.024 0.027 0.027 0.023 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.023

0.039 0.045 0.045 0.031 0.040 0.052 0.057 0.037

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

9 6 8 10 8 9 9 12

8 5 7 9 6 7 9 9

13 9 11 13 9 10 13 13

55 32 46 63 27 33 43 42

139 94 122 146 64 88 112 112

96 57 81 117 56 67 91 83

13 8 11 15 9 11 12 14

96 58 81 122 56 76 109 90

98th Percentile D-dv

2002
59 35 49 89 36 38 48 55
Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base

1.216 0.235 0.420 0.598 0.311 0.535 1.090 2.839

1.474 0.268 0.575 0.845 0.385 0.756 1.377 2.809

0.913 0.289 0.497 0.585 0.385 0.554 0.843 2.099

0.365 0.095 0.177 0.254 0.129 0.227 0.344 0.380

0.094 0.021 0.037 0.053 0.029 0.049 0.085 0.183

0.118 0.027 0.060 0.092 0.040 0.081 0.113 0.178

1.304 0.242 0.470 0.722 0.329 0.626 1.187 2.042

0.124 0.039 0.064 0.084 0.052 0.078 0.116 0.220

0.343 0.075 0.133 0.202 0.098 0.177 0.327 0.398

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

0.195 0.230 0.226 0.249 0.268

0.238 0.269 0.275 0.300 0.277

0.164 0.169 0.200 0.192 0.189

0.050 0.054 0.067 0.060 0.061

0.019 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.023

0.025 0.027 0.032 0.031 0.029

0.158 0.189 0.191 0.204 0.209

0.022 0.025 0.029 0.029 0.024

0.045 0.049 0.049 0.056 0.053

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

13 10 7 9 10

10 9 6 7 10

15 14 8 11 15

49 43 24 36 45

130 104 71 88 120

99 85 50 69 94

16 12 8 11 13

110 94 55 76 115

All Years

 Change relative to base (dv)

All Years
55 48 32 39 52
Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R

2.644 2.284 1.368 2.508 2.263 2.001 2.413 2.1

2.598 2.165 1.259 2.449 2.138 1.829 2.326 1.944

1.977 1.714 0.995 1.889 1.699 1.495 1.814 1.571

0.340 0.278 0.162 0.318 0.277 0.236 0.3 0.249

0.171 0.148 0.090 0.163 0.148 0.126 0.156 0.134

0.157 0.120 0.065 0.144 0.120 0.096 0.133 0.104

1.919 1.623 1.073 1.814 1.612 1.424 1.727 1.477

0.200 0.163 0.107 0.187 0.163 0.138 0.176 0.146

0.365 0.304 0.232 0.344 0.305 0.265 0.326 0.276

98th Percentile D-dv

Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

1.484 0.195 0.555 1.471 0.331 0.576 0.838 0.426

1.342 0.211 0.644 1.550 0.360 0.671 0.980 0.483

1.068 0.122 0.385 1.104 0.210 0.400 0.604 0.285

0.174 0.040 0.102 0.218 0.062 0.103 0.144 0.080

0.094 0.012 0.035 0.093 0.020 0.035 0.057 0.027

0.067 0.021 0.058 0.113 0.034 0.058 0.082 0.045

1.188 0.123 0.419 0.969 0.228 0.430 0.618 0.315

0.113 0.020 0.057 0.113 0.033 0.057 0.082 0.044

0.252 0.033 0.094 0.166 0.054 0.093 0.133 0.072

2003

 Change relative to base (dv)

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

0.739 1.355 2.777 2.620 2.274 1.374 2.508 2.255

0.865 1.467 2.809 2.598 2.199 1.371 2.476 2.170

0.528 1.031 1.786 1.642 1.362 0.816 1.544 1.345

0.131 0.206 0.481 0.434 0.347 0.178 0.407 0.346

0.049 0.089 0.219 0.199 0.169 0.103 0.191 0.168

0.074 0.111 0.212 0.189 0.146 0.069 0.174 0.145

0.565 0.854 2.077 1.934 1.673 1.001 1.847 1.653

0.074 0.107 0.230 0.207 0.172 0.110 0.195 0.170

0.122 0.146 0.492 0.456 0.375 0.222 0.435 0.372

98th Percentile D-dv

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

1.999 2.413 2.095 1.516 0.157 0.503 1.403 0.269

1.899 2.367 1.988 1.505 0.211 0.610 1.438 0.333

1.215 1.465 1.26 0.896 0.144 0.424 0.970 0.242

0.297 0.373 0.317 0.193 0.047 0.134 0.303 0.074

0.143 0.183 0.151 0.11 0.020 0.050 0.116 0.028

0.119 0.161 0.126 0.074 0.023 0.066 0.143 0.038

1.439 1.77 1.518 1.096 0.143 0.404 1.076 0.230

0.146 0.184 0.151 0.117 0.023 0.058 0.120 0.035

0.327 0.413 0.338 0.241 0.036 0.117 0.270 0.057

 Change relative to base (dv)

All Years

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

0.522 0.778 0.364 0.682 1.261

0.639 0.910 0.442 0.821 1.304

0.441 0.571 0.321 0.526 0.890

0.135 0.184 0.108 0.164 0.288

0.051 0.076 0.036 0.068 0.109

0.067 0.093 0.051 0.086 0.138

0.424 0.638 0.307 0.559 0.981

0.060 0.084 0.046 0.079 0.113

0.120 0.165 0.079 0.154 0.251

 Change relative to base (dv)
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

Table 2. Control Options (per EPA Region 9) and Corresponding Emission Reductions Relative to Base Used in Visibility Modeling 

All Units All Units

Controls

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

Technology 

Used

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual)

-Emissions 

(TPY, annual) $/year

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case OFA 0 None (current) 0 0 $0

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 OFA 0 LNB 908 908 $1,280,825

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 LNB 700 LNB + SNCR 1544 2244 $4,411,902

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 LNB + SCR 2019 LNB + SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 OFA 0 LNB + SNCR 1544 1544 $3,142,336

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 OFA 0 LNB + SCR 2682 2682 $6,626,847

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 LNB 700 LNB + SCR 2682 3382 $7,896,413

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R LNB 700 LNB 908 1608 $2,550,391

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R LNB+SNCR 1190 LNB+SNCR 1544 2734 $5,971,695

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S LNB+SCR 2019 LNB+SCR 2682 4701 $13,034,430

Table 3. NOx Control Technologies for AEPCO Apache Units 2-3 (from Andover Technology Partners Report Table 4-4)

LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR LNB LNB/SNCR LNB/SCR

Capacity Factor 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.71 0.71 0.71

Control Efficiency 0.3 0.51 0.87 0.3 0.51 0.89

Uncontrolled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 859 859 859 974 974 974

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.44 0.44

NOx (TPY) 2333 2333 2333 3028 3028 3028

Controlled Rate

NOx Rate (lb/hr) 601 421 116 682 477 111

NOx Rate (lb/MMBtu) 0.26 0.18 0.05 0.31 0.21 0.05

NOx (TPY) 1633 1143 314 2120 1484 346

Tons/Year Removed 700 1190 2019 908 1544 2683

Total Cost, $/year $1,269,566 $2,829,359 $6,407,583 $1,280,825 $3,142,336 $6,626,847

 $/Ton $1,814 $2,378 $3,174 $1,410 $2,039 $2,477

$/Ton (incremental) $1,814 $3,184 $3,896 $1,410 $2,934 $3,022

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

* SCR is actually capable of 90% removal. The model that we used set a lower limit of 0.05 lb/MMBtu, but lower 

NOx levels should be achievable

Control 

Option

Unit 2 Unit 3

Apache 2 - NOx Apache 3 - NOx

AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 8, 20% best background

Using dv from area with highest impact (9 CIAs)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY (x 

1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

# CIAs w/ 

improvement ≥ 

0.5 dv

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 3.5

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 3.2 0.25 0.279 $5.1 0

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 2.8 0.73 0.326 $6.0 3

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 1.7 1.76 0.373 $7.4 4

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 3.1 0.41 0.264 $7.7 0

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 2.8 0.77 0.285 $8.7 4

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 2.5 1.10 0.325 $7.2 4

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 3.0 0.53 0.331 $4.8 1

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 2.6 1.00 0.365 $6.0 4

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 1.9 1.59 0.339 $8.2 4

(same tons & costs as above) Using dv sum over all areas (9 CIAs)

Controls

Control 

Option

ton/yr 

reduction

cost, $/yr 

(millions)

$/ton 

reduction

visibility 

impact, dv 

visibility 

benefit, dv

dv/TPY (x 

1000)

$/dv 

(millions)

Pre-LNB NOx u.2 Base Case 0 $0.0 13.7

Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 Ctrl-1 908 $1.3 $1,411 12.7 0.98 1.081 $1.3

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-2 2244 $4.4 $1,966 10.8 2.88 1.281 $1.5

Pre-LNB 2, SCR Ctrl-3 4701 $13.0 $2,773 6.5 7.13 1.516 $1.8

SNCR u.3 Ctrl-4 1544 $3.1 $2,035 12.1 1.61 1.040 $2.0

SCR u.3 Ctrl-5 2682 $6.6 $2,471 10.7 2.98 1.112 $2.2

Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 Ctrl-6 3382 $7.9 $2,335 9.4 4.26 1.260 $1.9

Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 Ctrl1-R 1608 $2.6 $1,586 11.5 2.14 1.333 $1.2

Post-LNB 2, SNCR Ctrl2-R 2734 $6.0 $2,184 9.8 3.83 1.401 $1.6

Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 Ctrl3-S 4701 $13.0 $2,773 7.2 6.51 1.385 $2.0
AEPCO Apache units 2 and 3

visibility method 8, 20% best background (this page edited from vis8.20best sheet)

Table 1(d). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options

Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Case Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Class I Area Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

Pre-LNB 

NOx u.2

Pre-LNB 

2; LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 3.41 3.22 2.81 1.72 3.09 2.78 2.47 2.97 2.59 1.90 0.00 0.19 0.60 1.69 0.32 0.63 0.94 0.44 0.82 1.51

chrw Chiricahua 3.46 3.21 2.73 1.71 3.06 2.70 2.36 2.93 2.47 1.87 0.00 0.25 0.73 1.76 0.41 0.77 1.10 0.53 1.00 1.59

gali Galiuro 2.22 2.04 1.70 1.03 1.92 1.68 1.51 1.83 1.57 1.12 0.00 0.18 0.52 1.19 0.30 0.54 0.71 0.39 0.65 1.10

gila Gila 0.63 0.57 0.46 0.23 0.53 0.46 0.39 0.49 0.41 0.26 0.00 0.06 0.17 0.40 0.10 0.17 0.24 0.14 0.22 0.37

maza Mazatzal 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.13 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.23 0.19 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.15 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.14

moba Mount Baldy 0.28 0.25 0.20 0.09 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.17 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.19 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.11 0.18

sagu Saguaro 2.49 2.32 2.01 1.22 2.21 1.99 1.74 2.12 1.84 1.33 0.00 0.18 0.48 1.28 0.28 0.50 0.75 0.38 0.66 1.16

sian Sierra Ancha 0.29 0.26 0.21 0.14 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.23 0.19 0.15 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.14

supe Superstition 0.61 0.57 0.47 0.28 0.54 0.46 0.41 0.51 0.42 0.30 0.00 0.05 0.15 0.34 0.07 0.15 0.21 0.10 0.19 0.31

Total 13.67 12.69 10.80 6.55 12.07 10.69 9.41 11.53 9.84 7.16 0.98 2.88 7.13 1.61 2.98 4.26 2.14 3.83 6.51

Max 3.46 3.22 2.81 1.72 3.09 2.78 2.47 2.97 2.59 1.90 0.25 0.73 1.76 0.41 0.77 1.10 0.53 1.00 1.59

# CIAs w/ -dv ≥ 0.5 6 6 4 4 6 4 4 5 4 4 0 3 4 0 4 4 1 4 4

Table 4(d). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/thousand TPY)*

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 0.206 0.268 0.359 0.209 0.233 0.276 0.271 0.299 0.321

chrw Chiricahua 0.279 0.326 0.373 0.264 0.285 0.325 0.331 0.365 0.339

gali Galiuro 0.194 0.231 0.253 0.192 0.202 0.209 0.244 0.238 0.234

gila Gila 0.067 0.077 0.084 0.063 0.065 0.070 0.085 0.079 0.080

maza Mazatzal 0.028 0.028 0.031 0.024 0.024 0.029 0.030 0.032 0.030

moba Mount Baldy 0.031 0.038 0.040 0.031 0.032 0.036 0.040 0.041 0.039

sagu Saguaro 0.193 0.215 0.271 0.182 0.186 0.222 0.234 0.240 0.247

sian Sierra Ancha 0.033 0.033 0.032 0.029 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.036 0.030

supe Superstition 0.052 0.065 0.072 0.047 0.056 0.061 0.062 0.071 0.066

Average 0.120 0.142 0.168 0.116 0.124 0.140 0.148 0.156 0.154 average of all area's (dv/annual TPY)

dv_sum/TPY 1.081 1.281 1.516 1.040 1.112 1.260 1.333 1.401 1.385 (sum of dv benefits over all areas) / (annual TPY)

dv_max/TPY 0.279 0.326 0.373 0.264 0.285 0.325 0.331 0.365 0.339 (max dv benefit of any area) / (annual TPY)

Table 5(d). Control Option Cost Effectiveness (million $/dv)†

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

CIA Pre-LNB 2; 

LNB 3 SNCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR SNCR u.3 SCR u.3

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR 3

Post-LNB 2, 

LNB 3 

Post-LNB 2, 

SNCR

Pre-LNB 2, 

SCR+H2SO4

chir Chiricahua NM 7 7 8 10 11 8 6 7 9

chrw Chiricahua 5 6 7 8 9 7 5 6 8

gali Galiuro 7 9 11 11 12 11 6 9 12

gila Gila 21 26 33 32 38 33 19 28 35

maza Mazatzal 51 70 89 85 102 81 53 69 93

moba Mount Baldy 46 52 69 65 76 65 39 53 72

sagu Saguaro 7 9 10 11 13 11 7 9 11

sian Sierra Ancha 43 60 87 70 87 74 44 60 93

supe Superstition 27 30 39 44 44 38 26 31 42

$/dv_sum 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 ($/yr) / (sum of dv benefits over all areas)

$/dv_max 5.1 6.0 7.4 7.7 8.7 7.2 4.8 6.0 8.2 ($/yr) / (max dv benefit of any area)

†$/dv = $ per year from Table 3 divided by delta dv from Table 1(d) for each control option, in millions

Number of Class I Areas with visibility improvement ≥ 0.5 dv

 Change relative to Base (dv)

*Uses the formula: dv/thousand TPY = 1000 * (dv change relative to base/ TPY reduction relative to base

Number of Class I Areas with visibility impact ≥ 0.5 dv

98th Percentile -dv

Class I Area

Class I Area

Chiricahua 

NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 3.41 3.46 2.22 0.63 0.28 0.28 2.49 0.29 0.61

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 2.97 2.93 1.83 0.49 0.23 0.22 2.12 0.23 0.51

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 2.59 2.47 1.57 0.41 0.19 0.17 1.84 0.19 0.42

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.90 1.87 1.12 0.26 0.14 0.10 1.33 0.15 0.30

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Visibility Impairment (-dv)

Apache: 98th Percentile Visibility Impairment, 

IMPROVE Method 8 20% Best Background

Chiricahua NM Chiricahua Galiuro Gila Mazatzal Mount Baldy Saguaro Sierra Ancha Superstition 

Base Case Pre-LNB NOx u.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ctrl1-R Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 0.44 0.53 0.39 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.38 0.06 0.10

Ctrl2-R Post-LNB 2, SNCR 0.82 1.00 0.65 0.22 0.09 0.11 0.66 0.10 0.19

Ctrl3-S Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 1.51 1.59 1.10 0.37 0.14 0.18 1.16 0.14 0.31

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

Visibility Benefit, dv

Apache: Visibility Benefit of Controls, IMPROVE Method 8 20% Best Background
Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

chir 3.210 3.021 2.650 1.494 2.891 2.633 2.344

chrw 3.404 3.166 2.733 1.709 3.036 2.699 2.308

gali 1.805 1.691 1.406 0.847 1.611 1.386 1.251

gila 0.673 0.600 0.435 0.207 0.542 0.433 0.328

maza 0.299 0.270 0.226 0.149 0.252 0.226 0.202

moba 0.285 0.254 0.197 0.087 0.234 0.195 0.157

sagu 2.299 2.165 1.877 1.101 2.068 1.859 1.562

sian 0.287 0.254 0.204 0.122 0.231 0.204 0.173

supe 0.609 0.550 0.447 0.275 0.510 0.445 0.405

2001

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

chir 0.208 0.250 0.365 0.207 0.215 0.256 0.264

chrw 0.262 0.299 0.361 0.238 0.263 0.324 0.294

gali 0.126 0.178 0.204 0.126 0.156 0.164 0.176

gila 0.080 0.106 0.099 0.085 0.089 0.102 0.112

maza 0.032 0.033 0.032 0.030 0.027 0.029 0.039

moba 0.034 0.039 0.042 0.033 0.034 0.038 0.042

sagu 0.148 0.188 0.255 0.150 0.164 0.218 0.194

sian 0.036 0.037 0.035 0.036 0.031 0.034 0.046

supe 0.065 0.072 0.071 0.064 0.061 0.060 0.081

*Uses the formula: 

Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

chir 7 8 8 10 11 9 6

chrw 5 7 8 9 9 7 5

gali 11 11 14 16 16 14 9

gila 18 19 28 24 28 23 14

maza 44 60 87 67 91 81 40

moba 41 50 66 62 74 62 38

sagu 10 10 11 14 15 11 8

sian 39 53 79 56 80 69 34

Table 5(d). Control Option Cost Effectiveness ($/dv)† for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influen

CIA

 dv/1000 TPY ≡ 

2001

Table 1(d). Visibility Impairment (98th Percentile) at Each Class I Area (CIA) Within APS Cholla's Zone of Influence 

CIA

CIA

1000 * dv change relative to base 

TPY reduction relative to base 

Table 4(d). Control Option Visibility Benefits (dv/1000 TPY)* for Each Class I Area Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of 

98th Percentile D-dv
supe 22 27 39 32 40 39 19

†million $/dv = $/Ton (per year) from Table 3 divided by dv/TPY from Table 4(b) for each control option.
Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

2.785 2.468 1.628 0.189 0.560 1.716 0.319 0.577

2.932 2.441 1.871 0.238 0.671 1.695 0.368 0.705

1.522 1.29 0.94 0.114 0.399 0.958 0.194 0.419

0.493 0.358 0.218 0.073 0.238 0.466 0.131 0.240

0.236 0.215 0.158 0.029 0.073 0.150 0.047 0.073

0.217 0.17 0.092 0.031 0.088 0.198 0.051 0.090

1.987 1.69 1.205 0.134 0.422 1.198 0.231 0.440

0.213 0.187 0.133 0.033 0.083 0.165 0.056 0.083

0.478 0.419 0.3 0.059 0.162 0.334 0.099 0.164

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

0.271 0.337 0.187 0.220 0.315 0.184 0.190 0.214

0.352 0.326 0.208 0.300 0.381 0.214 0.264 0.302

0.188 0.184 0.232 0.274 0.242 0.231 0.232 0.216

0.115 0.097 0.085 0.102 0.103 0.085 0.088 0.100

0.031 0.030 0.018 0.021 0.025 0.017 0.018 0.020

0.042 0.041 0.020 0.033 0.033 0.023 0.029 0.036

0.223 0.233 0.180 0.236 0.328 0.184 0.206 0.252

0.037 0.033 0.025 0.033 0.032 0.028 0.028 0.030

0.069 0.066 0.061 0.071 0.090 0.060 0.062 0.074

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6

8 8 8 9 9 11 13 11

6 9 7 7 7 10 9 8

12 15 6 7 11 9 11 11

19 29 17 19 27 24 28 23

71 92 80 94 111 116 141 118

52 68 71 60 84 90 86 65

10 12 8 8 8 11 12 9

60 85 56 59 86 71 87 77

AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 

2002

n APS Cholla's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 Base Case Emissions and Control Options (listed in Table 2)

2001

2002

 Change relative to base (dv)

 Within AEPCO Apache's Zone of Influence (300 km) for 2001-2003 
31 42 23 28 31 34 40 32

for each control option.
Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3

0.866 0.425 0.742 1.582 3.270 3.100 2.776 1.789

1.096 0.472 0.963 1.533 3.387 3.198 2.714 1.597

0.554 0.283 0.515 0.865 2.113 1.902 1.499 0.974

0.345 0.180 0.315 0.455 0.753 0.676 0.523 0.270

0.097 0.063 0.084 0.141 0.268 0.252 0.221 0.151

0.128 0.068 0.115 0.193 0.282 0.264 0.208 0.126

0.737 0.312 0.609 1.094 2.767 2.604 2.238 1.225

0.114 0.074 0.100 0.154 0.304 0.281 0.229 0.153

0.204 0.131 0.190 0.309 0.684 0.629 0.525 0.259

Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

0.234 0.237 0.282 0.252 0.305 0.383 0.269 0.265

0.299 0.337 0.355 0.279 0.346 0.403 0.280 0.301

0.295 0.253 0.224 0.164 0.210 0.290 0.166 0.183

0.109 0.111 0.097 0.058 0.060 0.061 0.053 0.051

0.022 0.022 0.023 0.017 0.020 0.025 0.016 0.017

0.032 0.038 0.032 0.030 0.034 0.033 0.029 0.029

0.241 0.271 0.298 0.153 0.217 0.244 0.164 0.189

0.038 0.034 0.030 0.028 0.032 0.030 0.027 0.027

0.075 0.080 0.086 0.044 0.051 0.044 0.043 0.043

Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

7 9 10 6 6 7 8 9

5 6 8 5 6 7 7 8

5 9 12 9 9 10 12 14

15 20 29 24 33 45 38 49

71 98 123 85 100 110 126 147

49 57 87 47 57 85 70 85

7 8 9 9 9 11 12 13

42 64 92 51 62 91 77 92

2003

 (listed in Table 2)

2003

relative to base (dv)
21 27 32 32 38 63 48 58
Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2

2.986 2.761 2.547 2.893 2.622 1.944 0.170 0.494

3.057 2.678 2.364 2.907 2.466 1.716 0.189 0.673

1.757 1.492 1.384 1.639 1.421 1.06 0.211 0.614

0.622 0.516 0.415 0.578 0.45 0.298 0.077 0.230

0.241 0.221 0.201 0.232 0.207 0.162 0.016 0.047

0.247 0.205 0.161 0.23 0.177 0.132 0.018 0.074

2.483 2.214 1.915 2.38 2.025 1.366 0.163 0.529

0.260 0.228 0.202 0.243 0.211 0.163 0.023 0.075

0.592 0.519 0.434 0.563 0.466 0.279 0.055 0.159

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

0.304 0.330 0.332 0.352 0.206 0.268 0.359 0.209

0.350 0.361 0.382 0.381 0.279 0.326 0.373 0.264

0.219 0.216 0.236 0.271 0.194 0.231 0.253 0.192

0.056 0.065 0.063 0.057 0.067 0.077 0.084 0.063

0.021 0.021 0.022 0.024 0.028 0.028 0.031 0.024

0.032 0.037 0.036 0.032 0.031 0.038 0.040 0.031

0.216 0.221 0.244 0.213 0.193 0.215 0.271 0.182

0.030 0.034 0.034 0.029 0.033 0.033 0.032 0.029

0.048 0.055 0.055 0.039 0.052 0.065 0.072 0.047

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

8 5 7 8 7 7 8 10

7 4 6 7 5 6 7 8

11 7 9 10 7 9 11 11

42 24 35 48 21 26 33 32

111 75 98 117 51 70 89 85

72 43 60 87 46 52 69 65

11 7 9 13 7 9 10 11

77 46 65 97 43 60 87 70

2002

98th Percentile D-dv
48 29 40 71 27 30 39 44
Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base

1.481 0.284 0.509 0.723 0.377 0.648 1.326 3.503

1.790 0.330 0.709 1.023 0.480 0.921 1.671 3.464

1.139 0.356 0.621 0.729 0.474 0.692 1.053 2.615

0.483 0.131 0.237 0.338 0.175 0.303 0.455 0.500

0.117 0.027 0.047 0.067 0.036 0.061 0.106 0.231

0.156 0.035 0.077 0.121 0.052 0.105 0.150 0.239

1.542 0.284 0.553 0.852 0.387 0.742 1.401 2.441

0.151 0.044 0.076 0.102 0.061 0.093 0.141 0.275

0.425 0.092 0.165 0.250 0.121 0.218 0.405 0.494

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

0.233 0.276 0.271 0.299 0.321

0.285 0.325 0.331 0.365 0.339

0.202 0.209 0.244 0.238 0.234

0.065 0.070 0.085 0.079 0.080

0.024 0.029 0.030 0.032 0.030

0.032 0.036 0.040 0.041 0.039

0.186 0.222 0.234 0.240 0.247

0.028 0.032 0.036 0.036 0.030

0.056 0.061 0.062 0.071 0.066

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

11 8 6 7 9

9 7 5 6 8

12 11 6 9 12

38 33 19 28 35

102 81 53 69 93

76 65 39 53 72

13 11 7 9 11

87 74 44 60 93

All Years

All Years

 Change relative to base (dv)
44 38 26 31 42
Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R

3.274 2.818 1.704 3.087 2.792 2.476 2.973 2.596

3.211 2.688 1.569 3.031 2.656 2.280 2.883 2.419

2.466 2.144 1.253 2.358 2.125 1.875 2.267 1.969

0.447 0.366 0.213 0.418 0.364 0.311 0.395 0.328

0.216 0.187 0.113 0.206 0.186 0.160 0.197 0.17

0.212 0.162 0.085 0.194 0.161 0.130 0.179 0.14

2.302 1.953 1.294 2.188 1.935 1.709 2.085 1.774

0.250 0.204 0.132 0.234 0.203 0.173 0.22 0.183

0.454 0.379 0.286 0.428 0.379 0.330 0.405 0.344

98th Percentile D-dv

Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R

1.846 0.229 0.685 1.799 0.416 0.711 1.027 0.530

1.671 0.253 0.776 1.895 0.433 0.808 1.184 0.581

1.343 0.149 0.471 1.362 0.257 0.490 0.740 0.348

0.231 0.053 0.134 0.287 0.082 0.136 0.189 0.105

0.12 0.015 0.044 0.118 0.025 0.045 0.071 0.034

0.089 0.027 0.077 0.154 0.045 0.078 0.109 0.060

1.441 0.139 0.488 1.147 0.253 0.506 0.732 0.356

0.14 0.025 0.071 0.143 0.041 0.072 0.102 0.055

0.311 0.040 0.115 0.208 0.066 0.115 0.164 0.089

 Change relative to base (dv)

2003

Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Base Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4 Ctrl-5

0.907 1.657 3.409 3.222 2.807 1.722 3.087 2.784

1.045 1.793 3.464 3.211 2.733 1.709 3.057 2.699

0.646 1.272 2.219 2.043 1.700 1.029 1.923 1.678

0.172 0.269 0.629 0.568 0.456 0.234 0.532 0.455

0.061 0.111 0.277 0.252 0.214 0.130 0.240 0.212

0.099 0.150 0.282 0.254 0.197 0.092 0.234 0.195

0.667 1.000 2.493 2.318 2.010 1.217 2.212 1.993

0.092 0.135 0.287 0.257 0.214 0.137 0.242 0.211

0.150 0.183 0.612 0.565 0.466 0.275 0.540 0.462

98th Percentile D-dv

Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-4

2.474 2.973 2.591 1.898 0.187 0.602 1.687 0.322

2.364 2.932 2.466 1.871 0.253 0.731 1.755 0.407

1.513 1.826 1.569 1.12 0.176 0.519 1.190 0.296

0.392 0.493 0.413 0.255 0.061 0.173 0.395 0.097

0.180 0.229 0.19 0.137 0.025 0.063 0.147 0.037

0.160 0.217 0.17 0.1 0.028 0.085 0.190 0.048

1.742 2.117 1.836 1.331 0.175 0.483 1.276 0.281

0.180 0.229 0.188 0.147 0.030 0.073 0.150 0.045

0.405 0.512 0.419 0.3 0.047 0.146 0.337 0.072

All Years

 Change relative to base (dv)

Ctrl-5 Ctrl-6 Ctrl1-R Ctrl2-R Ctrl3-S

0.625 0.935 0.436 0.818 1.511

0.765 1.100 0.532 0.998 1.593

0.541 0.706 0.393 0.650 1.099

0.174 0.237 0.136 0.216 0.374

0.065 0.097 0.048 0.087 0.140

0.087 0.122 0.065 0.112 0.182

0.500 0.751 0.376 0.657 1.162

0.076 0.107 0.058 0.099 0.140

0.150 0.207 0.100 0.193 0.312

 Change relative to base (dv)
lookup tables includes areas for: TEP Sundt, Catalyst Paper/Snowflake, Chemical Lime Nelson, AEPCO Apache, APS Cholla, SRP Coronado

Apache Control scenarios Class I areas

scenarios unit 2 unit 3 short abbr Class I area Class I area, medium Class I area, long state

Base Case OFA OFA Pre-LNB NOx u.2 band Bandelier Bandelier NM Bandelier NM NM

Ctrl-1 OFA LNB Pre-LNB 2; LNB 3 brca Bryce Canyon Bryce Canyon NP Bryce Canyon NP UT

Ctrl-2 LNB LNB + SNCR SNCR u.3 care Capitol Reef Capitol Reef NP Capitol Reef NP UT

Ctrl-3 LNB + SCR LNB + SCR Pre-LNB 2, SCR chir Chiricahua NM Chiricahua NM Chiricahua NM AZ

Ctrl-4 OFA LNB + SNCR SNCR u.3 chrw Chiricahua Chiricahua Wild. Chiricahua Wilderness AZ

Ctrl-5 OFA LNB + SCR SCR u.3 gali Galiuro Galiuro Wild. Galiuro Wilderness AZ

Ctrl-6 LNB LNB + SCR Pre-LNB 2, SCR 3 gila Gila Gila Wild. Gila Wilderness NM

Ctrl1-R LNB LNB Post-LNB 2, LNB 3 grca Grand Canyon Grand Canyon NP Grand Canyon NP AZ

Ctrl2-R LNB/SNCR LNB/SNCR Post-LNB 2, SNCR jotr Joshua Tree Joshua Tree NP Joshua Tree NP CA

Ctrl3-S LNB/SCR; H2SO4 LNB/SCR; H2SO4 Pre-LNB 2, SCR+H2SO4 maza Mazatzal Mazatzal Wild. Mazatzal Wilderness AZ

meve Mesa Verde Mesa Verde NP Mesa Verde NP CO

moba Mount Baldy Mount Baldy Wild. Mount Baldy Wilderness AZ

pefo Petrified Forest Petrified Forest NP Petrified Forest NP AZ

pimo Pine Mountain Pine Mountain Wild. Pine Mountain Wilderness AZ

sagu Saguaro Saguaro NP Saguaro NP AZ

sape San Pedro Parks San Pedro Parks Wild. San Pedro Parks Wilderness NM

sian Sierra Ancha Sierra Ancha Wild. Sierra Ancha Wilderness AZ

supe Superstition Superstition Wild. Superstition Wilderness AZ

syca Sycamore Canyon Sycamore Canyon Wild. Sycamore Canyon Wilderness AZ

zion Zion Zion NP Zion NP UT