Yield and Agricultural Input Assumptions Used in Analysis

**Category** Yield (Current) 4.5-5 dry ton/acre 11 dry ton/acre Yield (Projected) 6.59 dry ton/acre 13 dry ton/acre Nitrogen Fertilizer 100 lbs/acre 15.2 lbs/dry ton 60 lbs/acre 5.5 lbs/dry ton Phosphorus Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 15 lbs/acre 1.4 lbs/dry ton Potassium Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 7 lbs/acre 0.6 lbs/dry ton Herbicide 0.01 lbs/acre 0.002 lbs/dry ton 5.5 lbs/acre 0.5 lbs/dry ton

Insecticide 0.1-0.2 lbs/acre 0.0228 lbs/dry ton 0.044 lbs/acre 0.004 lbs/dry ton Lime 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton Diesel 2.8-3.0 gal/acre 0.4 gal/dry ton 9.2 gal/acre 0.8 gal/dry ton Electricity (irrigation) 0 kwh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0 kWh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton

1Switchgrass sources: 2022 Nat'l Avg RFS2 Control Case (FASOM); 2010 Beach et al
2Assumes switchgrass yield of 6.59 dry tons/acre in 2022.
3Assumes biomass sorghum yield of11dry tons/acre. Maughan, M.W. (2011). “Evaluation of switchgrass,M. x giganteus, and sorghum as biomass crops: Effects of environment and field management practices.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

**Category** Yield (Current) 4.5-5 dry ton/acre 11 dry ton/acre Yield (Projected) 6.59 dry ton/acre 13 dry ton/acre Nitrogen Fertilizer 100 lbs/acre 15.2 lbs/dry ton 60 lbs/acre 4.6 lbs/dry ton Phosphorus Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 15 lbs/acre 1.2 lbs/dry ton Potassium Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 7 lbs/acre 0.5 lbs/dry ton Herbicide 0.01 lbs/acre 0.002 lbs/dry ton 5.5 lbs/acre 0.4 lbs/dry ton Insecticide 0.1-0.2 lbs/acre 0.0228 lbs/dry ton 0.044 lbs/acre 0.003 lbs/dry ton Lime 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton Diesel 2.8-3.0 gal/acre 0.4 gal/dry ton 9.2 gal/acre 0.7 gal/dry ton Electricity (irrigation) 0 kwh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0 kWh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton

4Assumes biomass sorghum yield of 13 dry tons/acre **Switchgrass 1**  **Biomass Sorghum per acre**  **per try ton 2**  **per acre per dry ton** **4**

**Switchgrass 1**  **Biomass Sorghum per acre**  **per try ton 2**  **per acre per dry ton** **3 Biomass Sorghum Data Sources** **/Notes**

11 dry ton/acre: petition, based on Maughan 13 dry ton/acre: for 2022, assumes 2% annual yield increase 60 lbs/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs 15 lbs/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs 7 lbs/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs

USDA estimate for energy cane 0.0006 tons CO2e/acre from pesticides: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs
9.2 gal/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs

, and sorghum as biomass crops: Effects of environment and field management practices.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

**Biomass Sorghum Data Sources /Notes** Emissions Calculations for Biomas sorghum Emissions Calculations for Biomass sorghum

11 dry tons/acre 13 dry tons/acre

**Category Category** 

N2O Emissions* 107,894.22 g CO2eq/ dry ton biomass 107894gCO2eq/dry ton N2O Emissions*

Nitrogen Fertilizer 5.5 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of nitrogen/lbs of nitrogen 3291414.00g CO2eq/ ton of nitrogen 8977gCO2eq/dry ton Nitrogen Fertilizer 4.6

Phosphorus Fertilizer 1.4 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905 g CO2eq/ ton of phosphate 766gCO2eq/dry ton Phosphorus Fertilizer 1.2

Potassium Fertilizer 0.6 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661 g CO2eq/ ton of potassium 236gCO2eq/dry ton Potassium Fertilizer 0.5

Herbicide 0.5 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons herbicide/ lbs herbicide 23450278.67gCO2eq/ tonsof herbicide 5863 gCO2eq/dry ton Herbicide 0.4

Pesticide 0.004 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 27216586.75 54.55 gCO2eq/dry ton Pesticide 0.003

Lime 0.0 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 ton lime/ lbs lime 408231 gCO2eq/ ton of lime 0gCO2eq/dry ton Lime 0.0

Diesel 0.8 gal/dry ton 0.13 mmBTU/ gal diesel 96551.365 gCO2eq/ mmBTU diesel 10498gCO2eq/dry ton Diesel 0.7

Electricity (irrigation) 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0.0034 mmBtu/ kWh 219,824 gCO2eq/ mmBtu 0gCO2eq/dry ton Electricity (irrigation) 0.0 Total Emissions 134288gCO2eq/dry ton
*Source: IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use. *Source: IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use.

**Category Category** 

N2O Emissions* 136,352.05 g CO2eq/ dry ton biomass 136352 gCO2eq/dry ton N2O Emissions*

Nitrogen Fertilizer 15.2 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of nitrogen/lbs of nitrogen 3291413.998g CO2eq/ ton of nitrogen 24973 gCO2eq/dry ton Nitrogen Fertilizer 15.2 **Conversions Emissions/dry ton**  **feedstock**

**Switchgrass Inputs B. Sorghum Inputs** 

**Switchgrass Inputs Biomass Sorghum Inputs** 

**Conversions Emissions/dry ton**  **feedstock**Phosphorus Fertilizer 6.1 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905 g CO2eq/ ton of phosphate 3409 gCO2eq/dry ton Phosphorus Fertilizer 6.1

Potassium Fertilizer 6.1 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661 g CO2eq/ ton of potassium 2254gCO2eq/dry ton Potassium Fertilizer 6.1

Herbicide 0.002 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons herbicide/ lbs herbicide 23450278.67gCO2eq/ tons of herbicide 18gCO2eq/dry ton Herbicide 0.002 Pesticide (average across regions) 0.0228 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons pesticide/ lbs pesticide 27216586.75 gCO2eq/ tons of pesticide 310gCO2eq/dry ton Pesticide (average across regions) 0.023

Lime 0.0 lbs/ dry ton 0gCO2eq/dry ton Lime 0.0

Diesel 0.4 gal/dry ton 0.13 mmBTU diesel/ gal diesel 96551.365 gCO2eq/ mmBTU diesel 5523 gCO2eq/dry ton Diesel 0.4
Electricity (irrigation) 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0gCO2eq/dry ton Electricity (irrigation) 0.0 Total Emissions 172838gCO2eq/dry ton

Difference (biomass sorghum - switchgrass) -38550gCO2eq/dry tonEmissions Calculations for Biomass sorghum

105,437.35 g CO2eq/ dry ton biomass 105437gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons of nitrogen/lbs of nitrogen 3291414.00g CO2eq/ ton of nitrogen 7596gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905 g CO2eq/ ton of phosphate 648gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661 g CO2eq/ ton of potassium 200gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons herbicide/ lbs herbicide 23450278.67gCO2eq/ tonsof herbicide 4961 gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons pesticide/lbs pesticide 27216586.75 gCO2eq/ton of pesticide 46.2 gCO2eq/dry ton lbs/dry ton 0.0005ton lime/ lbs lime 408231 gCO2eq/ ton of lime 0gCO2eq/dry ton

gal/dry ton 0.13 mmBTU/ gal diesel 96551.365 gCO2eq/ mmBTU diesel 8883 gCO2eq/dry ton

kWh/dry ton 0.0034 mmBtu/ kWh 219,824 gCO2eq/ mmBtu 0gCO2eq/dry ton Total Emissions 127770gCO2eq/dry ton
*Source: IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use.

136,352.05 g CO2eq/

dry ton biomass 136352 gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons of nitrogen/lbs of nitrogen 3291413.998g CO2eq/ ton of nitrogen 24973 gCO2eq/dry ton **Conversions Emissions/dry ton**  **feedstock**

**Emissions/dry ton feedstock**  **Conversions Switchgrass Inputs**  **B. Sorghum Inputs**lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905 g CO2eq/ ton of phosphate 3409 gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661 g CO2eq/ ton of potassium 2254gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons herbicide/ lbs herbicide 23450278.67gCO2eq/ tons of herbicide 18gCO2eq/dry ton

lbs/dry ton 0.0005tons pesticide/ lbs pesticide 27216586.75 gCO2eq/ tons of pesticide 310gCO2eq/dry ton lbs/ dry ton 0gCO2eq/dry ton

gal/dry ton 0.13 mmBTU diesel/ gal diesel 96551.365 gCO2eq/ mmBTU diesel 5523 gCO2eq/dry ton
kWh/dry ton 0gCO2eq/dry ton Total Emissions 172838gCO2eq/dry ton

Difference (biomass sorghum - switchgrass) -45068gCO2eq/dry ton

### 60 lb/acre N Switchgrass

Biomass Sorghum 13 Tons/acre 11 Tons/acre 6.59 Tons/acre kg N2O/ha 10.92592834 9.460441049 7.162548881 kg CO2eq/ha 3387.037785 2932.736725 2220.390153 kg CO2 eq/acre 1370.685564 1186.836447 898.5600168 g CO2 eq/acre 1,370,685.56 1,186,836.45 898,560.02 gCO2eq/dry ton 105,437.35 107,894.22 136,352.05

11.7936 MT/acre 9.9792 MT/acre 5.978448 MT/acre 29.14262021 MT/ha 24.65914018 MT/ha 14.77306671 MT/ha

### Conversions

1 kg N2O= 310 kg CO2eq 1 ha = 2.47105381 acre http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/NR_RM_05.pdf 1 short ton = 0.9072 MT

### http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/NR_RM_05.pdf**N2O Equations and Factors**

Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use. **As sumptions (fill in values of orange cells)**  Biomass sorghum **Yield** 13 dry

tons/acre 29142.51 kg/ha (dry) N fertilizer applied

60 lbs/acre 67.25 kg/ha **Ab ove-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab)** 

0.30 Perennial grasses value **Ab ove-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab)** 

0.00 Perennial grasses value **Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass**

0.80 Perennial grasses value **N content of above-ground biomass** 0.015 Perennial grasses value **N content of below-ground biomass** 0.012 Perennial grasses value **Direct N2O Emissions Direct Emissions (Overall Equation)** 

Emissions = EF for N additions from mineral fertilizer and crop residues =

**N A dditions from Mineral Fertilizers** 

N additions to soils from mineral fertilizers =

**N A dditions from Crop Residues (based on "Perennial Grasses" values under CRFactors tab)** 

N additions to soils from crop residues = where,

Above-ground residue dry matter =

Below-ground residue dry matter = **Crop residue summary equations [see CRFactors tab for explanation of letters]**N additions to soils from crop residues = Above-ground residue dry matter (AGdm) = Below-ground residue dry matter (BGdm) = **Indirect N2O Emissions** Note that for indirect emissions, the calculation of N applied to soils from fertilizers or crop residues is the same as for direct emissions **Indirect Emissions from Volatilization**

Emissions = N lost (from synthetic fertilizer additions) through volatilization = EF for N lost through volatilization =
**Indirect Emissions from Leaching/Runoff**

Emissions = N lost through leaching/runoff (from all N sources) = EF for N lost through leaching/runoff =Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use.

Biomass sorghum Switchgrass **Yield Yield**  11 dry tons/acre 6.59 24659.05 kg/ha (dry) 14773.01 N fertilizer applied N fertilizer applied 60 lbs/acre 100 67.25 kg/ha 112.08 **Ab ove-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab)**  **Ab ove-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab)**  0.30 Perennial grasses value 0.30 **Ab ove-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab)**  **Ab ove-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab)**  0.00 Perennial grasses value 0.00 **Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass**  0.80 Perennial grasses value 0.80 **N content of above-ground biomass N content of above-ground biomass**  0.015 Perennial grasses value 0.015 **N content of below-ground biomass N content of below-ground biomass**  0.012 Perennial grasses value 0.012

**Equation** (N additions to soils from mineral fertilizer + N additions to soils from crop residues) × EF (67.25+494.84) x 0.01 5.62 kg N2O-N 0.01 kg N2O-N / kg N added

kg fertilizer N applied to soils (i.e., change in fertilizer N applications between current and projected year) 67.25 kg/ha

**N A dditions from Crop Residues (based on "Perennial Grasses" values under CRFactors tab)** 

Crop area x (Above-ground residue drymatter x N content of aboveground residues + below-ground residue dry matter x N content of below-ground residues) 1 ha × [8743 kg/ha x 0.015 + 30308 × 0.012] 494.84 kg

Fresh weight yield (in Mg fresh weight harvested/ha) × dry matter fraction of harvested crop × slope + intercept 29.142 Mg/ha x 0.3 + 0 8.74 Mg/ha 8742.75 kg/ha

(Above-ground residue dry matter + Harvested dry matter) x ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass (29142 kg/ha + 8743 kg/ha)*0.8 30308.21 kg/ha **Crop residue summary equations [see CRFactors tab for explanation of letters]** Biomass sorghum 13 tons/acreA x [AGdm x F + BGdm x H]

1000 x [(B/A) x (1/1000) x C x D + E] [AGdm + (B/A)] x G

Note that for indirect emissions, the calculation of N applied to soils from fertilizers or crop residues is the same as for direct emissions **Equation** N additions to soils from mineral fertilizers × N lost through volatilization × EF 67.25*0.1*0.01 0.067251 kg N2O-N 0.1 (kg NH3–N + NOx–N) / kg N applied 0.010 kg N2O–N / (kg NH3–N + NOX–N volatilised)
**Equation** (N additions to soils from mineral fertilizers + N additions to soils from crop residues) × N lost through leaching or runoff × EF (67.25+494.84)*0.3 *0.0075 1.264704 kg N2O-N 0.3 N losses by

leaching or runoff / kg N addition 0.0075 kg N20-N / kg N leaching or runoff

6.953 kg N2O-N 10.926 kg N2O/ha 3387.04 kg CO2eq/ha 1370.67 kg CO2eq/acre 105.44 kg CO2eq/dry

ton biomass 105435.88 g CO2eq/dry ton biomassSwitchgrass

dry tons/acre kg/ha (dry) N fertilizer applied

lbs/acre kg/ha **Ab ove-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab)** 

Perennial grasses value **Ab ove-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab)** 

Perennial grasses value **Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass**

Perennial grasses value **N content of above-ground biomass**

Perennial grasses value **N content of below-ground biomass**

Perennial grasses value

(67.25+418.71) x 0.01 4.86 kg N2O-N (112.08+250.85) x 0.01 3.63 kg N2O-N

67.25 kg/ha 112.08 kg/ha

1 ha × [7398 kg/ha x 0.015 + 25645 × 0.012] 418.71 kg 1 ha × [4432 kg/ha x 0.015 + 15364 × 0.012] 250.85 kg

24.659 Mg/ha x 0.3 + 0 7.40 Mg/ha 14.773 Mg/ha x 0.3 + 0 4.43 Mg/ha 7397.71 kg/ha 4431.90 kg/ha

(24659 kg/ha + 7398 kg/ha)*0.8 25645.41 kg/ha (14773 kg/ha + 4432 kg/ha)*0.8 15363.93 kg/ha

Switchgrass Biomass sorghum 11 tons/acre67.25*0.1*0.01 0.067251 kg N2O-N 112.08*0.1*0.01 0.112085 kg N2O-N

(67.25+418.71)*0.3 *0.0075 1.093414 kg N2O-N (112.08+250.85)*0. 3*0.0075 0.816594 kg N2O-N

6.020 kg N2O-N 4.558 kg N2O-N 9.460 kg N2O/ha 7.163 kg N2O/ha kg CO2eq/ha 2932.74 kg CO2eq/ha 2220.39 kg CO2eq/ha kg CO2eq/acre 1186.82 kg CO2eq/acre 898.55 kg CO2eq/acre kg CO2eq/dry

ton biomass 107.89 kg CO2eq/dry ton biomass 136.35 kg CO2eq/dry ton biomass g CO2eq/dry

ton biomass 107892.72 g CO2eq/dry ton biomass 136350.15 g CO2eq/dry ton biomass**Table 11.2 DEFA** **ULT FA CTORS FOR ESTIMA**  **TION OF N A DDED TO SOILS FROM CROP RESIDUES a**  A B C D E

**Crop Crop A** **rea Crop**  **Harvested Dry** 

**matter fraction of**  **harvested product**  **(DRY)**

**Slope ± 2 s.d. as**  **% of mean**  **Intercept ± 2 s.d. as**  **% of mean**  **Units ha**  **kg** Major crop types Grains 0.88 1.09 ± 2% 0.88 ± 6% Beans & pulsesb 0.91 1.13 ± 19% 0.85 ± 56% Tubersc 0.22 0.10 ± 69% 1.06 ± 70% Root crops, otherd 0.94 1.07 ± 19% 1.54 ± 41% N-fixing forages 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - Non-N-fixing forages 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - Perennial grasses 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - Grass-clover mixtures 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - Individual crops Maize 0.87 1.03 ± 3% 0.61 ± 19% Wheat 0.89 1.51 ± 3% 0.52 ± 17% Rice 0.89 0.95 ±19% 2.46 ± 41% Barley 0.89 0.98 ± 8% 0.59 ± 41% Oats 0.89 0.91 ± 5% 0.89 ± 8% Millet 0.90 1.43 ± 18% 0.14 ± 308% Sorghum 0.89 0.88 ± 13% 1.33 ± 27% Ryee 0.88 1.09 ± 50% default 0.88 ± 50% default Soybeanf 0.91 0.93 ± 31% 1.35 ± 49% Dry beang 0.90 0.36 ± 100% 0.68 ± 47% Potatoh 0.22 0.10 ± 69% 1.06 ± 70% Peanut (w/pod)i 0.94 1.07 ± 19% 1.54 ± 41% Alfalfaj 0.90 0.29 ± 31% 0.00 - Non-legume hay j 0.90 0.18 ± 50% default 0.00 - Oil Palm

Items highlighted indicate crops where NA data has been pulled from crop categories to estimate N2O emissions in the Crop Residues N worksheet a Source: Literature review by Stephen A. Williams, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. (Email: stevewi@warnercnr.colostate.edu) for CASMGS (http://www.casmgs.colostate.edu/). A list of the original references is given in Annex 11A.1. b The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from all data used was 2.0 and included data for soya bean, dry bean, lentil, cowpea, black gram, and pea. c Modelled after potatoes. d Modelled after peanuts. **Above-ground residue dry matter AGDM(T) (Mg/ha): AGDM(T)**  **= Crop(T) * slope(T) + intercept(T)**e No data for rye. Slope and intercept values are those for all grain. Default s.d.

f The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from all data used was 1.9. g Ortega, 1988 (see Annex 11A.1). The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from this single source was 1.6. default s.d. for root:AGB. h The mean value for above-ground residue:tuber ratio in the sources used was 0.27 with a standard error of 0.04. I The mean value for above-ground residue: pod yield in the sources used was 1.80 with a standard error of 0.10. j Single source. Default s.d. for root:AGB. k This is the average above-ground biomass reported as litter or harvest losses. This does not include reported stubble, which averaged 0.165 x Reported Yields. Default s.d. l Estimate of root turnover to above-ground production based on the assumption that in natural grass systems below-ground biomass is approximately equal to twice (one to three times) the above-ground biomass and that root turnover in these systems averages about 40% (30% to 50%) per year. Default s.d. m This is an estimate of non-tuber roots based on the root:shoot values found for other crops. If unmarketable tuber yield is returned to the soil then data are derived from Vangessel and Renner, 1990 (see Annex 11A.1) (unmarketable yield = 0.08 * marketable yield = 0.29 * above-ground biomass) suggest that the total residues returned might then be on the order of 0.49 * above-ground biomass. Default s.d. n This is an estimate of root turnover in perennial systems. Default s.d. p It is assumed here that grass dominates the system by 2 to 1 over legumes.F G H

**N content of above**  **ground residues**  **(NAG) Ratio of** 

**below ground**  **residues to above**  **ground biomass**  **(RBG-BIO) N content** 

**of below ground**  **residues (NBG)** 

**R 2** **adj.**

0.65 0.006 0.22 0.009 0.28 0.008 0.19 0.008 0.18 0.019 0.20 0.014 0.63 0.016 0.20 0.014

- 0.027 0.40 0.022

- 0.015 0.54 0.012

- 0.015 0.80 0.012

- 0.025 0.80 0.016

0.76 0.006 0.22 0.007 0.68 0.006 0.24 0.009 0.47 0.007 0.16 NA 0.68 0.007 0.22 0.014 0.45 0.007 0.25 0.008 0.50 0.007 NA NA 0.36 0.007 NA 0.006

- 0.005 NA 0.011 0.16 0.008 0.19 0.008 0.15 0.010 NA 0.010 0.18 0.019 0.20 0.014 0.63 0.016 NA NA

- 0.027 0.40 0.019

- 0.150 0.54 0.012

#DIV/0!

Items highlighted indicate crops where NA data has been pulled from crop categories to estimate N2O emissions in the Crop Residues N worksheet a Source: Literature review by Stephen A. Williams, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. (Email: stevewi@warnercnr.colostate.edu) for CASMGS (http://www.casmgs.colostate.edu/). A list b The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from all data used was 2.0 and included data for soya bean, dry bean, lentil, cowpea, black gram, and pea. **Above-ground residue dry matter AGDM(T) (Mg/ha): AGDM(T)** g Ortega, 1988 (see Annex 11A.1). The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from this single source was 1.6. default s.d. for root:AGB. h The mean value for above-ground residue:tuber ratio in the sources used was 0.27 with a standard error of 0.04. I The mean value for above-ground residue: pod yield in the sources used was 1.80 with a standard error of 0.10. k This is the average above-ground biomass reported as litter or harvest losses. This does not include reported stubble, which averaged 0.165 x Reported Yields. Default s.d. l Estimate of root turnover to above-ground production based on the assumption that in natural grass systems below-ground biomass is approximately equal to twice (one to three times) the above-ground biomass and that m This is an estimate of non-tuber roots based on the root:shoot values found for other crops. If unmarketable tuber yield is returned to the soil then data are derived from Vangessel and Renner, 1990 (see Annex 11A.1) (unmarketable yield = 0.08 * marketable yield = 0.29 * above-ground biomass) suggest that the total residues returned might then be on the order of 0.49 * above-ground biomass. Default s.d.a Source: Literature review by Stephen A. Williams, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. (Email: stevewi@warnercnr.colostate.edu) for CASMGS (http://www.casmgs.colostate.edu/). A listl Estimate of root turnover to above-ground production based on the assumption that in natural grass systems below-ground biomass is approximately equal to twice (one to three times) the above-ground biomass and that m This is an estimate of non-tuber roots based on the root:shoot values found for other crops. If unmarketable tuber yield is returned to the soil then data are derived from Vangessel and Renner, 1990 (see Annex 11A.1) (unmarketable yield = 0.08 * marketable yield = 0.29 * above-ground biomass) suggest that the total residues returned might then be on the order of 0.49 * above-ground biomass. Default s.d.

# Sorghum - data from Dahlberg (2011)

**Reference:** Dahlberg, Jeff, Ed Wolfrum, Brent Bean, and William L. Rooney (2011) Compositional and Agronomic Evaluation of Sorghum Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Renewable Fuels. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. Vol 5, 1-7 **Notes:** Water extractives, ethanol extractives, and acetyl provided in email from J. Dahlberg (10/21/13). In addition, the publication provided data for protein, starch, and ash, but the email provided data for structural and non-structural portions of these components
**Analytical Method:** NREL

**Extractables Cellulose**  **Reported in paper: Calculated**  **Reported in paper**

Soluble
sucrose Water

extractive
s Ethanol

extractives **Total**

**extractives** Glucan 07CMP001 2.4 11.4 3.0 **16.8** 31.0 07CMP002 3.5 11.3 2.9 **17.7** 29.9 07CMP003 1.6 5.8 2.8 **10.2** 35.3 07CMP004 2.3 12.4 2.9 **17.5** 29.8 07CMP005 4.6 18.1 2.8 **25.6** 27.6 07CMP006 2.4 11.9 2.8 **17.0** 30.4 07CMP007 1.1 7.8 3.4 **12.3** 23.0 07CMP009 1.6 13.1 2.9 **17.5** 20.3 07CMP010 0.4 15.2 2.7 **18.3** 24.9 07CMP011 0.9 9.1 2.5 **12.5** 22.8 07CMP012 0.2 10.0 2.9 **13.1** 20.2 07CMP013 0.2 11.2 2.5 **13.9** 21.3 07CMP014 0.6 7.7 4.7 **13.0** 25.4 07CMP015 0.4 7.5 4.7 **12.6** 24.2 07CMP016 1.5 11.0 2.6 **15.0** 20.8 07CMP018 1.1 13.9 2.7 **17.7** 18.7 07CMP020 1.5 12.5 2.8 **16.8** 18.8 07CMP021 1.2 11.7 2.2 **15.1** 26.4 07CMP022 0.8 11.8 2.9 **15.4** 27.6 07CMP030 0.4 15.6 3.0 **19.0** 25.4 07CMP032 1.7 13.7 3.0 **18.4** 20.3 07CMP049 1.7 6.8 3.4 **11.9** 34.3
Dahlberg et al did not include soluble starch in their total yield. The soluble starch is included with soluble sucrose, water extractives, and ethanol extractives. So, don't include it in "other organics."

Cellulosic Components Other

Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) **07CMP001** 67.2 21.7 10.5 99.476977 **07CMP002** 65.6 22.6 11.3 99.510748 **07CMP003** 72.3 15.0 9.4 96.75378 **07CMP004** 67.1 22.1 9.3 98.493442 **07CMP005** 61.3 27.7 10.8 99.778052 **07CMP006** 67.5 21.6 10.1 99.156324

### 07CMP007 52.4 36.8 8.2 97.356443

**07CMP009** 48.8 42.2 9.9 100.80159 **07CMP010** 58.3 33.3 8.7 100.30627 **07CMP011** 53.0 35.5 10.9 99.396903 **07CMP012** 50.6 41.7 8.0 100.38374 **07CMP013** 51.8 41.3 7.3 100.47369 **07CMP014** 56.6 32.4 8.5 97.428 **07CMP015** 53.8 34.1 8.9 96.669378 **07CMP016** 51.7 40.2 9.8 101.67741 **07CMP018** 46.8 45.8 8.5 100.98132 **07CMP020** 48.6 43.9 9.1 101.53702 **07CMP021** 61.1 30.7 8.9 100.65874 **07CMP022** 64.3 24.8 9.4 98.477867 **07CMP030** 58.6 34.6 8.6 101.77958 **07CMP032** 47.5 44.5 9.9 101.88604 **07CMP049** 73.6 13.6 8.5 95.617206

**Adjusted for % recovery** Cellulosic Components Other

Organics Inorganics 07CMP001 67.6 21.9 10.6 07CMP002 65.9 22.7 11.4 07CMP003 74.8 15.5 9.7 07CMP004 68.2 22.4 9.4 07CMP005 61.4 27.8 10.8 07CMP006 68.1 21.8 10.2 07CMP007 53.8 37.8 8.4 07CMP009 48.4 41.8 9.8 07CMP010 58.1 33.2 8.7 07CMP011 53.3 35.7 11.0 07CMP012 50.4 41.6 8.0 07CMP013 51.6 41.1 7.3 07CMP014 58.1 33.2 8.7 07CMP015 55.6 35.2 9.2 07CMP016 50.8 39.5 9.6 07CMP018 46.3 45.3 8.4 07CMP020 47.8 43.2 8.9 07CMP021 60.7 30.5 8.9 07CMP022 65.3 25.2 9.5 07CMP030 57.6 34.0 8.5 07CMP032 46.7 43.6 9.7 07CMP049 76.9 14.2 8.9

**Adjusted for Inorganics** Cellulosic Components Other

Organics "High-yield" Sorghum/sud
an

### 07CMP001 75.6% 24.4% PS Forage 68.9-82.8% 61.2-75.8%

07CMP002 74.3% 25.7% PS Sorghum 75.4% 70.0% 07CMP003 82.8% 17.2% PS Forage 07CMP004 75.2% 24.8% PS Forage 07CMP005 68.9% 31.1% PS Sorghum 07CMP006 75.8% 24.2% ML Sorghum 07CMP007 58.7% 41.3% M Forage 07CMP009 53.6% 46.4% ML Forage 07CMP010 63.6% 36.4% M Forage 07CMP011 59.9% 40.1% M Forage 07CMP012 54.8% 45.2% ML Forage 07CMP013 55.6% 44.4% M Forage 07CMP014 63.6% 36.4% ML Forage 07CMP015 61.2% 38.8% M Sorghum 07CMP016 56.2% 43.8% ML Forage 07CMP018 50.5% 49.5% ME Forage 07CMP020 52.5% 47.5% M Forage 07CMP021 66.6% 33.4% L Forage 07CMP022 72.2% 27.8% L Forage 07CMP030 62.9% 37.1% L Forage 07CMP032 51.7% 48.3% ML Forage 07CMP049 84.4% 15.6% ME Forage

### Dahlberg, Jeff, Ed Wolfrum, Brent Bean, and William L. Rooney (2011) Compositional and Agronomic Evaluation of Sorghum Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Renewable Fuels. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. Vol 5, 1-7 Water extractives, ethanol extractives, and acetyl provided in email from J. Dahlberg (10/21/13). In addition, the publication provided data for protein, starch, and ash, but the email provided data for structural and non-structural portions of these components

**Hemicellulose Calculated:**  **Reported in paper Calculated:** 

**Cellulose** Xylan Galactan Arabinan Acetyl **Total hemicellul** 
**ose 31.02020133**  17.4 0.8 2.7 1.5 **22.3 29.91877993**  16.1 0.9 2.9 1.6 **21.6 35.34807802**  19.9 1.1 2.9 1.8 **25.7 29.81518971**  17.8 1.1 3.0 2.0 **23.8 27.6246443**  15.5 0.9 2.3 1.8 **20.6 30.42273465**  17.5 1.0 2.7 1.9 **23.1 23.00662571**  14.9 1.0 2.5 0.8 **19.2 20.31141412**  13.2 0.9 2.2 0.8 **17.2 24.86236074**  15.3 1.1 2.4 1.2 **20.1 22.76117912**  14.8 1.0 3.0 0.8 **19.6 20.15775288**  13.2 1.0 2.3 0.9 **17.4 21.30492863**  13.3 1.0 2.2 1.0 **17.5 25.43665267**  15.7 1.1 2.7 1.1 **20.6 24.15695328**  15.0 1.0 2.5 0.9 **19.4 20.79401967**  14.3 1.0 2.3 1.0 **18.6 18.66950995**  13.4 1.0 2.4 1.4 **18.2 18.80578823**  13.1 1.0 2.1 1.1 **17.3 26.44423212**  16.3 1.2 2.3 1.0 **20.7 27.56413167**  16.9 1.1 3.0 1.6 **22.6 25.43388913**  15.3 1.1 2.6 1.3 **20.3 20.3293209**  12.6 0.9 2.5 1.2 **17.3 34.28172874**  18.3 0.9 2.1 1.7 **23.0**

The soluble starch is included with soluble sucrose, water extractives, and ethanol extractives. So, don't include it in "other organics."

### Forage

### 50.5-84.4%

60.5%

### Dahlberg, Jeff, Ed Wolfrum, Brent Bean, and William L. Rooney (2011) Compositional and Agronomic Evaluation of Sorghum Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Renewable Fuels. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. Vol 5, 1-7 Water extractives, ethanol extractives, and acetyl provided in email from J. Dahlberg (10/21/13). In addition, the publication provided data for protein, starch, and ash, but the email provided data for structural and non-structural portions of these components

**Lignin Other**  **Reported in paper**

**Calculated: Reported in paper:** 

Lignin **Total**

**Lignin** Structural

Protein Non

structural protein Soluble

starch Structural

starch structural

inorganics 13.9 **13.86709** 2.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 5.2 14.0 **14.03903** 2.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 5.7 11.3 **11.27499** 2.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 3.9 13.5 **13.47007** 2.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 4.4 13.1 **13.08303** 2.1 4.0 0.0 4.7 14.0 **13.98199** 2.2 2.4 3.4 0.0 4.8 10.2 **10.15706** 4.1 0.9 2.0 19.5 3.1 11.3 **11.28519** 3.7 0.8 2.8 20.2 4.8 13.3 **13.30078** 3.0 1.8 1.5 10.2 3.0 10.7 **10.69162** 2.8 2.6 2.7 17.5 4.9 13.1 **13.0522** 4.7 1.0 2.2 23.0 3.6 13.0 **13.03718** 3.7 2.1 2.5 21.6 3.3 10.6 **10.55** 2.6 2.4 7.9 14.5 5.0 10.2 **10.20899** 3.2 2.8 -0.5 15.5 5.9 12.3 **12.29814** 3.8 1.7 4.0 19.7 4.8 9.9 **9.926827** 3.9 0.6 -0.4 23.7 3.9 12.5 **12.47959** 3.7 1.7 3.3 21.7 3.9 13.9 **13.89165** 3.1 1.7 3.1 10.6 3.2 14.2 **14.15837** 2.7 2.0 1.6 4.7 4.4 12.8 **12.84764** 2.9 2.9 1.0 9.7 2.8 9.9 **9.937739** 4.3 2.1 1.5 19.7 4.6 16.3 **16.25675** 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.5

### nonstructural inorganics Total total solubles 5.3 99.5 24.5 5.6 99.5 25.8 5.5 96.8 18.1 4.8 98.5 24.7 6.1 103.7 35.6 5.3 102.6 28.1 5.1 99.4 20.3 5.1 103.6 26.2 5.7 101.8 27.3 6.0 102.1 23.9 4.4 102.6 20.7 4.0 103.0 22.6 3.5 105.4 26.7 3.0 96.1 17.8 5.0 105.6 25.7 4.6 100.6 22.4 5.1 104.8 26.9 5.8 103.8 25.8 4.9 100.1 23.9 5.8 102.8 28.8 5.3 103.4 27.2 5.0 95.6 17.6

# Sorghum - Data from Stefaniak et al. (2012)

**Reference:** Stefaniak, Thomas R., Jeffery A. Dahlberg, Brent W. Bean, Nilesh Digne, and Edward J. Wolfrum (2012) Variation in biomass composition compmonents among forage, biomass, Sorghum/Sudan and sweet sorghum types **Samples:** 152 samples representing 108 genotypes, grouped into four different groups based on end use, harvested at various growth stages depending on use
**Analytical Method:** NREL methods 

## Percent Composition **Extractables Cellulose**  **Hemicellulose Reported in paper:** 

**Calculated Reported in paper**  **Calculated: Reported in paper** 

Soluble sucrose **Total**

**extractives** Glucan **Cellulose** Xylan **Biomass** 9 **9** 29.1 **29.1** 16.4 **Forage** 1.1 **1.1** 37.2 **37.2** 16.2 **Sudan** 2.4 **2.4** 33.2 **33.2** 17.2 **Sweet** 9.8 **9.8** 29.9 **29.9** 15.4 

## Total (% Composition) **Calculated:** Cellulosic Components Other

Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) **Biomass** 59.2 17.9 6.3 83.4 **Forage** 66.4 7.4 8.4 82.2 **Sudan** 63.9 7.2 8.8 79.9 **Sweet** 58.3 20.4 5.7 84.4 Don't adjust for % recovery because didn't include all extractives, so % other organics is not valid
**Adjusted for Inorganics** Cellulosic Components Other

Organics Biomass 63.2% Forage 72.5% Sudan 70.1% Sweet 61.8%

### Stefaniak, Thomas R., Jeffery A. Dahlberg, Brent W. Bean, Nilesh Digne, and Edward J. Wolfrum (2012) Variation in biomass composition compmonents among forage, biomass, Sorghum/Sudan and sweet sorghum types 152 samples representing 108 genotypes, grouped into four different groups based on end use, harvested at various growth stages depending on use

**Hemicellulose Lignin**  **Other**

**Calculated: Reported in paper**  **Calculated: Reported in paper:**  **Total hemicellulose**  Lignin **Total Lignin**  Protein Starch inorganics (ash) **16.4** 13.7 **13.7** 3.3 5.6 6.3 **16.2** 13 **13** 4.5 1.8 8.4 **17.2** 13.5 **13.5** 3.7 1.1 8.8 **15.4** 13 **13** 3.3 7.3 5.7

# Sorghum - Data from NexSteppe (2014)

**Reference:** NexSteppe, submitted 10/9/14 **Samples:** 7 samples, grown in 4 locations
**Analytical Method:** NREL methods 

## Percent Composition

Average Free sugars Average

Starch Average

Total Cellulosics **Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (Alagoas state, Brazil)** 8.48 5.22 75.78 **Palo Alto Hybrid 2 (Alagoas state, Brazil)** 8.5 3.58 78.09 **Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (Hereford, TX)** 1.23 8.12 80.1 **Palo Alto Hybrid 2 (Hereford, TX)** 2.99 4.3 75.53 **Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (Hermiston, OR)** 1.69 0.91 75.27 **Palo Alto Hybrid 2 (Hermiston, OR)** 5.94 0.28 77.6 **Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (North Carolina)** 2.55 1.6 80.47
**Average**

### Average Adjusted

**Cellulosic Composition**

**77.44 79.13**  **87.53 82.98**  **88.59 83.11**  **86.88**

83.67