### APPENDIX V

MATES III

FINAL REPORT

PM 2.5 

### Particulate-Bound Organic Compound Analysis

Author
Aaron KatzensteinMATES III Final Report

Appendix V-1 

## Appendix V

PM 2.5 

## Particulate-Bound Organic Compound Analysis

V-1 Background/Rationale A goal of the MATES III Study is to identify and qu antify health risks associated with major
known toxic air contaminants within the Basin over a two-year period. An important aspect of the MATES III Study was to identify and quantify di esel exhaust within collected PM 2.5 samples. To do this, the MATES III Technical Advisory Group suggested the analysis of particulatebound organic compounds from MATES III PM 2.5 samples.

Diesel exhaust emissions are comprised of gaseous a nd particle phases. The gaseous phase contains typical combustion components which includ e carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbonyl compounds, and volatile hydrocarbons (Kirc hstetter, 1999; Shah, 2005). Diesel particulate emissions occur primarily in the fine ( PM 2.5 ) region that consist of organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) fractions along with trace am ounts of inorganic compounds (AbuAllaban, 2004; Lloyd, 2001). The OC fraction of di esel exhaust contains heavy hydrocarbons such as lubricating oils and PAHs with low volatili ty; the EC fraction is considered soot. Unfortunately, no physical property clearly disting uishes between the OC and EC fractions; therefore, measurements of EC/OC from particulate s amples are defined by the method of analysis. Typical methods of analysis characterize OC from EC by thermal, optical or solventbased properties (Moosmuller, 2001; Fermo, 2006). Solvent-based extraction techniques define organic carbon as the extractable mass within the s olvent, and the carbon remaining on the filter is characterized as EC. Thermal methods (IMPROVE, NIOSH, TMO) are the most widely used for the analysis of EC and OC collected upon partic ulate samples. These methods utilize temperature changes within reducing and oxidizing a tmospheres to distinguish between EC and OC. Optical-based techniques are typically real-ti me particle measurements based upon optical absorption and/or particle scattering. Each method does not yield directly comparable results (Chow, 2001).

The presence of high levels of EC within diesel exh aust is a unique property of this combustion source. The concentration of diesel exhaust during MATES II was estimated by applying a
factor of 1.04 to the EC concentration measured for 24-hour PM 10 filter samples. A factor of 1.04 was determined from diesel source profiles and fine particle samples collected upon PM 2 samples in 1982 (Gray, 1986). From this 1982 study it was determined an average of 67% of elemental carbon mass in the Los Angeles atmosphere comes from diesel engine exhaust, and diesel exhaust has an average of 64% elemental carb on (67%/64% = 1.04) (MATES II Final Report, 2000). Applying a factor of 1.04 to measur ed EC concentrations may have
underestimated the concentration of diesel exhaust for MATES II. The 1998 PM 2.5 emissions inventory suggested a factor of 1.39 might have bee n more appropriate (MATES II Final Report, 2000, pgs. 9-15).

Using elemental carbon measurements solely to deter mine diesel emissions does not provide
information on contributions of EC from other sourc es or address how much organic carbon is
associated with these sources. Other sources of el emental carbon may include automobile exhaust, meat charbroiling, biomass burning, coal b urning, and fuel oil (ship emissions).MATES III Final Report

Appendix V-2 Emissions from these sources are often seasonally d ependent and may have different spatial emissions within the Basin (Magliano, 1999; Reinhar t, 2006). For instance, during colder winter months an increase in residential wood burning woul d be expected (Jordan, 2006; Fine, 2004).

Determining sources of elemental and organic carbon may be done using particulate-bound organic compounds and metals that act as tracers to identify and apportion contributing sources. This technique relies upon updated source profiles of major sources and reconciles sources using chemical mass balance. The apportionment of other similar sources of elemental carbon such as
automobile exhaust allows for both the elemental an d organic carbon concentration of diesel exhaust to be estimated. (Christoforou, 2000; Frase r, 2002; Shah, 2004). Analyzing for organic compounds, metals and elemental carbon upon collect ed particulate samples, in conjunction with source profiles, can provide specific information t o determine contributing sources. For instance, the analysis of levoglucosan provides a s pecific indicator of cellulose combustion from wood burning (McDonald, 2000; Fine, 2004). Several receptor source reconciliation studies have been conducted using particulate-bound organic s, metal, and elemental carbon analysis in conjunction with a chemical mass balance model (Wat son, 1998; Schauer, 2000; Schauer, 2002; Zheng, 2002; Chow, 2007). Notably this source appo rtionment technique was applied to PM 10 filter samples collected in 1995 as part of the Sou thern California Children’s Health Study (Manchester-Neesvig, 2003).

V-2 Work Plan From the MATES III Technical Advisory Group’s recom mendation, a work plan was established to analyze for particulate-bound organic compounds within the MATES III collected PM 2.5 filters samples. Through the SCAQMD’s procurement procedure, a contract was awarded to Desert Research Institute (DRI) for the analysis of 75 particulate-bound organic compounds (Table V-1). A contract laboratory was facilitated for this analysis due to highly specific standards and equipment needed. To provide suffici ent quantities of organic material, monthly composite samples were made for each of the MATES I II fixed sampling locations. Additional Wednesday and Sunday monthly composite samples were also analyzed for particulate-bound organics.

V-2-1 Sample Handling

The MATES III PM 2.5 samples were collected upon 47 mm quartz, Teflon, and vinyl filters using a Met One SASS through four sampling channels for a 24-hour sample period every third day. The quartz filters were used for EC/OC analysis and for the analysis of particulate-bound organic compounds. Upon collection from the field, the PM 2.5 quartz samples are individually sealed within plastic bags, transferred to the laboratory in coolers, and stored under freezing temperatures. Storage of collected quartz filter s amples under freezing conditions has been shown to maintain the integrity of the particulate- bound organics for an indefinite period (Schauer, 1996). Prior to the analysis of particulate-bound organics, the quartz samples were analyzed for EC and OC using the IMPROVE method, wh ich required the removal of two or three 5 mm circular pieces of filter sample (Chow, 1993). During this analysis the filters are removed from the storage freezer and placed within a portable cooler. Upon completion of the EC/OC analysis, the filters were made into monthly station composites and sent to DRI for the analysis of particulate-bound organics. Samples we re shipped under freezing conditions using a portable cooler with overnight delivery. Upon rece ipt by DRI, the samples were logged into theMATES III Final Report

Appendix V-3 Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). I f the time span between sample login and extraction was greater than 24 hours, the sampl es were stored in a freezer.

V-2-2 Compositing Filter Samples To obtain sufficient material needed for organic an alyses, PM 2.5 filter samples collected at each of the monitoring sites were made into composite sa mples on a monthly basis. Composite samples were made after analysis had been completed for EC/OC. A composite sample was made by leaving each individual filter sealed in a plastic bag and placing the sealed filter within a labeled larger plastic bag with other samples fro m the appropriate month and sample location. Once a composite sample has been prepared, each ind ividual filter was re-checked to ensure its proper location within the monthly composite. Filt ers within the composite were compared to ensure each filter had the same number of 5 mm samp les removed during EC/OC analysis. If needed, filters within the composite were adjusted by removing a 5 mm punch from filters; therefore, all filters within the composite had ide ntical punches removed. Each monthly composite sample is identified by sample location/m onth/year. For example, the monthly composite collected at Burbank in October 2005 is i dentified as BK10_2005. A list of composite samples analyzed for particulate-bound organic comp ounds is shown in Table V-2.

An additional set of Wednesday/Sunday PM 2.5 filter samples was analyzed for particulate-bound organic compounds. During this sampling, a four-ch annel PTEP sampler simultaneously collected three quartz and one Teflon PM 2.5 filter. The quartz filters were made into composi tes by location/month/day/year. For example, a composi te consisting of samples collected on Sundays at West Long Beach in October 2004 is ident ified as WL10S04. For a given month of sampling, each location has a separate set of compo site samples based upon day of collection, one composite for Wednesday and one for Sunday. On e difference between the Wednesday/Sunday composites with the monthly statio n composites was the use of a PTEP sampler instead of a Met One SASS.

V-2-3 Analysis A description of the analysis of particulate-bound organic compounds conducted by DRI is
described below.

For each composite sample, the quartz filters were extracted and analyzed together. Prior to extraction, a set of deuterated internal standards, as listed in Table V-3, were added to each sample. The amount of internal standards added sho uld correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples and the final volume of extracts during analysis. Filters were extracted with ~170 ml dichloromethane (DCM) u sing the Dionex ASE (accelerated solvent extractor) for 15 min/cell at 1500 psi and 80 ° C followed by ~170 ml acetone extraction

under the same conditions. Extracts were concentrated to ~1 ml by rotary evapo ration at 35 ° C under gentle vacuum, and filtered through a 0.2 μm PTFE disposable filter (Whatman Pura
disc TM 25TF), rinsing the flask 3 times with 1 ml dichlor omethane and acetone (50/50 by volume) each time. Filtrate was collected in a 4 m l amber glass vial for a total volume of ~4 ml.

Approximately 200 μl of acetonitrile was added at t his time and the extract was split into two
fractions. Each fraction was then concentrated und er a gentle stream of ultra-high purity (UHP) nitrogen with hydrocarbon and water traps to 100 μl . The final extract volume is adjusted to 100 μl with acetonitrile.MATES III Final Report

Appendix V-4 One fraction was analyzed by the GC/MS method for P AH, hopanes/steranes, alkanes, and cycloalkanes, as described below. If necessary (in case of very dirty samples), the extracts were pre-cleaned by the solid-phase extraction technique , using Superclean LC-SI SPE cartridges (Supelco) with sequential elution with hexane, and hexane/benzene (1:1). The hexane fraction contains the nonpolar aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkan es), and hopanes and steranes, and the
hexane/benzene fraction contains the PAH. These tw o fractions were combined and concentrated to ~100 μl and analyzed by GC/MS techn ique. The second fraction was derivatized using a mixture of bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacet amide and pyridine to convert the polar compounds into their trimethylsilyl derivatives for analysis of organic acids and diacids, cholesterol, methoxyphenols, and levoglucosan. The extract was reduced to a volume of 50 μl using a Pierce Reacti-Therm under a gentle stream o f ultra-high purity (UHP) nitrogen with a water trap (Chrompack CP-Gas-Clean moisture filter 17971). Then, 50 μl of silylation grade pyridine and 150 μl of bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoro acetamide was added slowly to each vial and immediately capped. The sample was then placed int o thermal plates (custom made) containing individual vial wells with the temperature maintain ed at 70 ° C for three hours. The samples were then analyzed by GC/MS within 18 hours.

The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/ma ss spectrometry (GC/MS) using a Varian CP-3800 GC equipped with a CP8400 auto sampler and interfaced to a Varian Saturn 2000 Ion Trap (Batch 1 of samples) or Varian 4000 Ion Trap ( all remaining Batches) operating in electron impact (EI) ionization mode. Injections (1 μl) wer e made in the split less mode onto a 30 m long 5% phenylmethylsilicone fused-silica capillary colu mn (DB-5ms, J&W Scientific or equivalent). Quantification of the individual compounds was obta ined by selective ion storage (SIS) technique, monitoring the molecular and characteris tic ions of each compound of interest and the corresponding deuterated internal standard ions. S ince hopanes and steranes are usually present in very low concentrations in ambient PM 2.5 samples, a new Varian 1200 triple quadrupole gas chromatograph – mass spectrometer (GC/MS/MS) system was used for these compounds quantification. The superior selectivity and sensi tivity of this instrument (in EI/MS SIM mode it reaches 50 fg/μl with 10:1 S/N) allows for accurate analysis of compounds present in very low
concentrations.

Calibration curves for the GC/MS quantification wer e made for the most abundant and characteristic ion peaks of the compounds of intere st (Table V-1) using the deuterated species most closely matched in volatility and retention ch aracteristics as internal standards. For PAH, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIS T) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1647 (certified PAH) with the addition of deuterate d internal standards and of those compounds not present in the SRM was used to make calibration solutions. For hopanes/steranes, the calibration mixture obtained from NIST and prepared by Chiron AS, Norway, was used. For alkanes and cycloalkanes, the calibration solutions are made from the authentic standards purchased from Aldrich, Accustandard, and Chiron AS . For polar compounds, a separate calibration mixture is prepared using the authentic compounds purchased from various sources (i.e. Aldrich Inc., Accustandard, Chiron AS, and ot hers) and derivatized the same way as described above, just before the analysis. A six- to eight-level calibration is performed for each compound of interest and the calibration check (usi ng median calibration standards) is run every 10 samples to check for accuracy of analyses. If t he relative accuracy of measurement (defined as a percent difference from the standard value) is less than 20%, the instrument is recalibrated. Field blanks and media blanks were analyzed by the same method as actual samples.MATES III Final Report

Appendix V-5 Approximately 10% of the extracts were run as dupli cate analysis, to determine the replicate precision. Field blanks were extracted and analyze d using the same methods.

V-3 References

Abu-Allaban, Mahmoud, C. Rogers, and A. Gertler, A Quantitative Description of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions in a Highway Tu nnel, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 54, 360-366 (2004).

Chow, J., J. Watson, L. Pritchett, W. Pierson, C. F razier, and R. Purcell, The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Application in U.S. Air Quality Studies, Atmos. Environ., 27A # 8, 1185-1201 (1993).

Chow, J, J. Watson, D. Crow, D. Lowenthal, and T. M errifield, Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements, Aeros. Sci. & Technol, 3 4 #1, 23-34(2001).

Chow, J., J. Watson, D. Lowenthal, L. Chen, B. Ziel inska, L. Mazzoleni, and K. Magliano, Evaluation of Organic Markers for Chemical Mass Bal ance Source Apportionment at the Fresno Supersite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1741-1754 (2007).

Christoforou, C., L. Salmon, M. Hannigan, P. Solomo n, and G. Cass, Trends in Fine Particle Concentration and Chemical Composition in Southern California, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 50, 43-53 (2000).

Fermo, P., A. Piazzalunga, R. Vecchi, G. Valli, and M. Ceriani, A TGA/FT-IR Study for Measuring OC and EC in Aerosol Samples, Atmos. Chem . & Phys., 6, 225-266 (2006).

Fine, P., B. Chakrabarti, M. Krudysz, J. Schauer, a nd C. Sioutas, Diurnal Variations of Individual Organic Compound Constituents of Ultrafi ne and Accumulation Mode Particulate Matter in Los Angeles Basin, Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38, 1296-1304 (2004).

Fraser, M. and K. Lakshmanan, Variation in composit ion of fine particulate emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, J. Geophys. Res. 107 #D 21, 8346-8352 (2002).

Gray, A., G. Cass, J. Huntzicker, E. Heyerdahl, and J. Rau, Characteristics of Atmospheric Organic and Elemental Carbon Particle Concentration s in Los Angeles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 580-589 (1986).

Jordan, T, A. Seen, and G. Jacobsen, Levoglucosan a s an Atmospheric Tracer for Woodsmoke, Atmos. Environ, 40, 5316-5321 (2006).

Kirchstetter, T, R. Harley, N. Kreisberg, M. Stolze nburg, and S. Hering, On-road Measurement of Fine Particle and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Light and Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2955-2968 (1999).

Lloyd, A. and T. Cackette, Diesel Engines: Environm ental Impact and Control, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 51, 809-847 (2001).

Magliano, K. V. Hughes, L. Chinkin, D. Coe, T. Hast e, N. Kumar, F. Lurmann, Spatial and Temporal Variations in PM 10 and PM 2.5 Source Contributions and Comparison to Emission During the 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study, Atmos. Environ., 33 #29, 4757-4773 (1999).MATES III Final Report

Appendix V-6 McDonald, J., B. Zielinska, E. Fujita, J. Sagebiel, J. Chow, and J. Watson, Fine Particle and
Gaseous Emission Rates from Residential Wood Combus tion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2080- 2091 (2000).

Manchester-Neesvig, J, J. Schauer, and G. Cass, The Distribution of Particle-Phase Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere and Their Use for Sourc e Apportionment during the Southern California Children’s Health Study, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 53, 1065-1079 (1065).

Moosmuller, H., W. Arnott, C. Rogers, J. Bowen, J. Gillies, W. Pierson, J. Collins, T. Durbin, and J. Norbeck, Time-Resolved Characterization of D iesel Particulate Emissions. 2. Instruments for Elemental and Organic Carbon Measurements Envir on. Sci. Technol., 35, 1935-1942 (2001).

Reinhart, L., E. Fujita, J. Chow, K. Magliano, and B. Zielinska, Spatial Distribution of PM 2.5 Associated Organic Compound in Central California, Atmos. Envir., 40 #2, 290-303 (2006).

Schauer, J., W. Rogge, L. Hildemann, M. Mazurek, an d G. Cass, Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers, Atmos. Environ, 30, 3837-3855 (1996).

Schauer, J. and G. Cass, Source apportionment of wi ntertime gas-phase and particle-phase air pollutants using organic compounds as tracers, Envi ron. Sci. Technol., 34, 1821-1832 (2000).

Schauer, J., M. Fraser, G. Cass, and B. Simoneit, S ource Reconciliation of Atmospheric GasPhase and Particle-Phase Pollutants during a Severe Photochemical Smog Episode, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3806-3814 (2002).

Shah, S., T. Ogunyoku, J. Miller, and D. Cocker, On -Road Emission Rates of PAH and n-Alkane Compounds from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5276-5284 (2005).

Watson, J., E. Fujita, J. Chow, B. Zielinska, L. Ri chards, W. Neff, and D. Dietrich, Northern Front Range Air Quality Study (NFRAQS) final report (1998).

Zheng, M., G. Cass, J. Schauer, and E. Edgerton, So urce apportionment of PM 2.5 in the Southeastern United States Using Solvent-Extractabl e Organic Compounds as Tracers, Environ. Sci. Technol, 36, 2361-2371 (2002).MATES III Final Report

Appendix V-7 Table V-1: Particulate-Bound Organics Analyzed for in MATES III PM 2.5 Monthly Composite Samples Mnemonic Compound Name Mnemonic Compound Name

Alkanes PAH

PHYTAN Phytane PYRENE Pyrene

DOCOSA Docosane RETENE Retene

DEC6YHX Hexadecylcyclohexane BGHIFL Benzo(ghi)fluoranthene

TRICOSA Tricosane BAANTH Benz(a)anthracene

DEC7YHX Heptadecylcyclohexane CHR_TR Chrysene/Triphenylene

DEC8YHX Octadecylcyclohexane BBJKFL Benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene

TETCOS Tetracosane BEPYRN BePyrene

PENCOS Pentacosane BAPYRN BaPyrene

DEC9YHX Nonadecylcyclohexane IN123PYR Indeno[123-cd]pyrene

HEXCOS Hexacosane DBAHACAN Dibenzo(ah+ac)anthracene

CYHXEIC Eicosylcyclohexane PIC Picene

HEPCOS Heptacosane BGHIPE Benzo(ghi)perylene

CYHXHEN Heneicosylcyclohexane CORONE Coronene

OCTCOS Octacosane Polar Compounds

NONCOS Nonacosane guai Guaiacol

HTRICONT Hentriacontane sucac Succinic acid (d-c4)

TTRICONT Tritriacontane syri Syringol

Hopanes/Steranes guac Glutaric acid (d-c5)

ster42 C27-20S5a(H),14a(H)-cholestane hexdac Hexane dioic (adipic) acid (d-c6)
ster43 C27-20R5a(H),14ß(H)-cholestane cpinac Cis-pi nonic acid
ster44 C27-20S5a(H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-cholestane fguai4 4-formyl-guaiacol (vanillin)

ster45+40 C27-20R5a(H),14a(H),17a(H)-cholestane&C29-

20S13ß(H),17a(H)-diasterane phthac Phthalic acid

ster46 C28-20S5a(H),14a(H),17a(H)-ergostane levg L evoglucosan
ster47 C28-20R5a(H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-ergostane syrald S yringaldehyde
ster48 C28-20S5a(H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-ergostane isphac I sophthalic acid
ster49 C28-20R5a(H),14a(H),17a(H)-ergostane azeac Azelaic acid (d-c9)
ster50 C29-20S5a(H),14a(H),17a(H)-stigmastane palol Palmitoleic acid
ster51 C29-20R5a(H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-stigmastane palac Palmitic acid (c16)
ster52 C29-20S5a(H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-stigmastane olac O leic acid
hop13 18a(H),21ß(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorneohopane steac Stearic acid (c18)
ster53 C29-20R5a(H),14a(H),17a(H)-stigmastane isopi m Isopimaric acid
hop15 17a(H),21ß(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane dhabac De hydroabietic acid
hop17 17a(H),21ß(H)-30-Norhopane abac Abietic acid
hop19 17a(H),21ß(H)-Hopane oxodeh7 7-oxodehydroabie tic acid
hop20 17ß(H),21a(H)-Hopane chol Cholesterol

hop21 22S-17a(H),21ß(H)-30-Homohopane hop25 22R-17a(H),21ß(H)-30,31- Bishomohopane

hop22 22R-17a(H),21ß(H)-30-Homohopane hop26 22S-17a(H),21ß(H)-30,31,32- Trisomohopane

hop23 17ß(H),21ß(H)-Hopane hop27 22R-17a(H),21ß(H)-30,31,32- Trishomohopane hop24 22S-17a(H),21ß(H)-30,31-BishomohopaneMATES IIIFinal ReportAppendix V-8Table V-2. List of Composite SamplesStation/Month/YearAnaheim Burbank ComptonInland ValleyS.B.HuntingtonParkLosAngelesNorth LongBeach Pico Rivera RubidouxWest LongBeachAN04_2004 BK04_2004 CT04_2004 FT04_2004 HP04_2004 LA04_2004 LB04_2004 PR04_2004 RB04_2004*WL04_2004AN05_2004 BK05_2004 CT05_2004 FT05_2004 HP05_2004 LA05_2004 LB05_2004 PR05_2004 RB05_2004 WL05_2004AN06_2004 BK06_2004 CT06_2004 FT06_2004 HP06_2004 LA06_2004 LB06_2004 PR06_2004 RB06_2004 WL06_2004AN07_2004 BK07_2004 CT07_2004 FT07_2004 HP07_2004 LA07_2004 LB07_2004 PR07_2004 RB07_2004 WL07_2004AN08_2004 BK08_2004 CT08_2004 FT08_2004 HP08_2004 LA08_2004 LB08_2004 PR08_2004 RB08_2004 WL08_2004AN09_2004 BK09_2004 CT09_2004 FT09_2004 HP09_2004 LA09_2004 LB09_2004 PR09_2004 RB09_2004 WL09_2004AN10_2004 BK10_2004 CT10_2004 FT10_2004 HP10_2004 LA10_2004 LB10_2004 PR10_2004 RB10_2004 WL10_2004AN11_2004 BK11_2004 CT11_2004 FT11_2004 HP11_2004 LA11_2004 LB11_2004 PR11_2004 RB11_2004 WL11_2004AN12_2004 BK12_2004 CT12_2004 FT12_2004 HP12_2004 LA12_2004 LB12_2004 PR12_2004 RB12_2004 WL12_2004AN01_2005 BK01_2005 CT01_2005 FT01_2005 HP01_2005 LA01_2005 LB01_2005 PR01_2005 RB01_2005 WL01_2005AN02_2005 BK02_2005 CT02_2005 FT02_2005 HP02_2005 LA02_2005 LB02_2005 PR02_2005 RB02_2005 WL02_2005AN03_2005 BK03_2005 CT03_2005 FT03_2005 HP03_2005 LA03_2005 LB03_2005 PR03_2005 RB03_2005 WL03_2005AN04_2005 BK04_2005 CT04_2005 FT04_2005 HP04_2005 LA04_2005 LB04_2005*PR04_2005RB04_2005 WL04_2005AN05_2005 BK05_2005 CT05_2005 FT05_2005*HP05_2005LA05_2005 LB05_2005*PR05_2005RB05_2005 WL05_2005AN06_2005 BK06_2005 CT06_2005 FT06_2005*HP06_2005LA06_2005 LB06_2005*PR06_2005RB06_2005 WL06_2005AN07_2005 BK07_2005 CT07_2005 FT07_2005*HP07_2005LA07_2005 LB07_2005*PR07_2005RB07_2005 WL07_2005AN08_2005 BK08_2005 CT08_2005 FT08_2005*HP08_2005LA08_2005 LB08_2005*PR08_2005RB08_2005 WL08_2005AN09_2005 BK09_2005 CT09_2005 FT09_2005*HP09_2005LA09_2005 LB09_2005 PR09_2005 RB09_2005 WL09_2005AN10_2005 BK10_2005 CT10_2005 FT10_2005*HP10_2005LA10_2005 LB10_2005 PR10_2005 RB10_2005 WL10_2005AN11_2005 BK11_2005 CT11_2005 FT11_2005*HP11_2005LA11_2005*LB11_2005 *PR11_2005RB11_2005 WL11_2005AN12_2005 BK12_2005 CT12_2005 FT12_2005*HP12_2005LA12_2005 LB12_2005*PR12_2005RB12_2005 WL12_2005AN01_2006 BK01_2006 CT01_2006 FT01_2006*HP01_2006LA01_2006 LB01_2006 PR01_2006 RB01_2006 WL01_2006AN02_2006 BK02_2006 CT02_2006 FT02_2006*HP02_2006LA02_2006 LB02_2006 PR02_2006 RB02_2006 WL02_2006AN03_2006 BK03_2006 CT03_2006 FT03_2006*HP03_2006LA03_2006 LB03_2006 PR03_2006 RB03_2006 WL03_2006AN04_2006 BK04_2006 CT04_2006 FT04_2006*HP04_2005LA04_2006 LB04_2006 PR04_2006 RB04_2006 WL04_2006(* Composite samples not analyzed for particulate-bound organics)MATES III Final Report

Appendix V-9 Table V-3. List of internal deuterated standards

PAH Hopanes&

Steranes Alkanes Polar Compounds benz(a)anthracene-d 12 cholestane- d 6 eicosane-d 42 cholesterol-d 6 chrysene-d 12 octacosane-d 58 levoglucosan-u- 13 C 6 benzo[k]fluoranthene-d 12 tetracosane-d 50 oleic-d 2 acid benzo[e]pyrene-d 12 hexatriacontane-d 74 benzoic-d 5 acid benzo[a]pyrene-d 12 palmitic-d 31 acid benzo[g,h,i]perylene-d 12 heptadecanoic-d 33 acid
coronene-d 12 succinic-d 4 acid pyrene-d 10 phthalic -d 4 acid