NUMBER 13-19-00143-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG 

 

POPPINGFUN, INC., Appellant,

v.

INTEGRACION DE MARCAS, S.A. DE C.V., Appellee.

 

On appeal from the 131st District Court

of Bexar County, Texas.

 

ORDER

Before Justices Benavides, Longoria, and Tijerina

Order Per Curiam1

Pending before the Court is a motion filed by appellant, Poppingfun, Inc., to review 

the trial court’s order setting the supersedeas bond at $52,561.11. See TEX. R. APP. P.

1 This appeal was transferred to this Court from the Fourth Court of Appeals by order of the Texas 

Supreme Court. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 22.220(a) (delineating the jurisdiction of appellate courts); id. 

§ 73.001 (granting the supreme court the authority to transfer cases from one court of appeals to another 

at any time that there is “good cause” for the transfer). 
2

24.4. We deny appellant’s motion.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL SUMMARY

Appellee, Integracion de Marcas, S.A. de C.V., filed suit against appellant alleging 

various causes of action based on appellee’s claim that appellee received damaged 

goods from appellant. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of appellee and 

awarded appellee $69,669.87 in damages and $17,545.00 in attorney’s fees, plus court 

costs and interest. Appellant filed a notice of appeal and a notice of filing cash deposit in 

lieu of supersedeas bond in the amount of $1.00. See Id. 24.1(a)(3). Appellant attached 

the affidavit of Lynn A. Hesson, president and chief executive officer of Poppingfun, Inc., 

stating appellant has a negative net worth. In that affidavit, Hesson listed total liabilities 

of $2,087,172.99 and assets totaling $239,599.83 for a negative net worth of 

$1,847,573.16. Appellee filed a motion to strike appellant’s cash deposit and appellant 

responded, attaching additional evidence including, inter alia, excerpts from Hesson’s 

post-judgment deposition and appellant’s balance sheets from 2017 and 2018. Appellee 

then filed a brief in support of its motion to strike. 

The trial court held a hearing on February 28, 2020 and took the matter under 

advisement. The trial court ordered appellee to serve appellant with any post-judgment 

discovery requests, ordered appellant to respond to said requests, and scheduled a 

follow-up hearing for April 29, 2020. The day before the trial court held a follow up hearing, 

appellant filed a “Supplement in Support of its Cash Deposit,” attaching a supplemental 

affidavit of Hesson and its 2019 federal income tax return, which appellant contends 

shows a net worth of “negative $1.726 million.” Appellee responded with a supplemental 
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brief the next day, prior to the hearing. The hearing was conducted via Zoom, and the trial 

court gave appellant permission to respond to appellee’s supplemental brief and took the 

matter under advisement. Appellant filed a response, and subsequently, on July 7, 2020, 

the trial court signed an order granting appellee’s motion to strike and ordered appellant 

to make a cash deposit of $52,565.11.

Appellant filed a rule 24.4 motion for review of the trial court’s order on 

supersedeas bond, asking this Court to vacate the order, among other relief. This Court 

stayed the trial court’s July 7, 2020 order and remanded the matter to the trial court for 

entry of findings of fact regarding appellant’s net worth and the taking of any additional 

evidence necessary. The trial court held a hearing and issued supplemental findings of 

fact and conclusions of law, ultimately arriving “at the net worth figure of $503,426.11. . .” 

finding that Hesson’s affidavit was not true and correct. Appellant then filed an amended 

rule 24.4. motion for review.

II. NET WORTH

In its motion, appellant asserts that the trial court’s order is erroneous because the 

trial court: (1) “imposed an erroneous burden of proof”; (2) rejected appellant’s “affidavit 

of net worth as incompetent hearsay”; (3) required appellant’s “affidavit of net worth to 

prove matters that are not required by rule 24”; (4) failed “to find that [appellant’s] net 

worth is negative against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence”; and (5–

6) rewrote appellant’s balance sheet to increase the total assets and to reduce the total 

liabilities.
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A. Standard of Review & Applicable Law 

We review the trial court’s determination of the amount of security for an abuse of 

discretion. Tex. Custom Pools, Inc. v. Clayton, 293 S.W.3d 299, 305 (Tex. App.—El Paso 

2009, no pet.); G.M. Houser, Inc. v. Rodgers, 204 S.W.3d 836, 840 (Tex. App.—Dallas 

2006, no pet.). If we conclude the trial court abused its discretion, we may order the 

amount of the security increased or decreased in an amount not to exceed the lesser of 

fifty percent of the judgment debtor’s net worth or $25,000,000. TEX. R. APP. P. 24.4(a); 

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 52.006(d).

In conducting this review, we engage in a two-pronged analysis: (1) did the trial 

court have sufficient information upon which to exercise its discretion; and (2) did the trial 

court err in its application of discretion? Leibman v. Grand, 981 S.W.2d 426, 429 (Tex.

App.—El Paso 1998, no pet.). The traditional standards utilized to review sufficiency of 

the evidence come into play when considering the first question. Id. at 429–30. We then 

proceed to determine whether, based on the elicited evidence, the trial court made a 

reasonable decision, or whether it is arbitrary and unreasonable. Id. at 430. The question 

is not whether, in the opinion of the reviewing court, the facts present an appropriate case 

for the trial court’s action, but whether the court acted without reference to any guiding 

rules and principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 242 (Tex.

1985). The mere fact that a trial court may decide a matter within its discretionary authority 

in a different manner than an appellate judge in a similar circumstance does not 

demonstrate that an abuse of discretion has occurred. Leibman, 981 S.W.2d at 430.
5

Under rule 24.1 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, a judgment debtor may 

supersede a judgment by (1) filing with the trial court clerk a written agreement with the 

judgment creditor for suspending enforcement of the judgment; (2) filing with the trial court 

clerk a good and sufficient bond; (3) making a deposit with the trial court clerk in lieu of a 

bond; or (4) providing alternate security ordered by the trial court. TEX. R. APP. P. 24.1. 

When the judgment is for money, the amount of the bond, deposit, or security must equal 

the sum of compensatory damages awarded in the judgment, interest for the estimated 

duration of the appeal, and costs awarded in the judgment. Id. 24.2(a)(1); TEX. CIV. PRAC.

& REM. CODE ANN. § 52.006(a). However, the amount must not exceed the lesser of fifty

percent of the judgment debtor’s current net worth or $25,000,000. TEX. R. APP. P. 

24.2(a)(1); TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 52.006(b).

Rule 24.2(c) sets forth the procedure for determining net worth. A judgment debtor 

who provides a bond, deposit, or security under rule 24.2(a)(1)(A) in an amount based on 

the debtor’s net worth must simultaneously file an affidavit that states the debtor’s net 

worth and states complete, detailed information concerning the debtor’s assets and 

liabilities from which net worth can be ascertained. TEX. R. APP. P. 24.2(c)(1). The affidavit 

is prima facie evidence of the debtor’s net worth. Id. A judgment creditor may file a 

contest to the debtor’s affidavit of net worth. Id. 24.2(c)(2). Net worth is calculated as the 

difference between total assets and total liabilities as determined by generally accepted 

accounting principles. Tex. Custom Pools, Inc., 293 S.W.3d at 305; G.M. Houser,

Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 840. At the hearing on the judgment creditor’s contest, the judgment 

debtor has the burden of proving net worth. TEX. R. APP. P. 24.2(c)(3). The trial court is 
6

required to issue an order that states the debtor’s net worth and states with particularity 

the factual basis for that determination. Id. On the motion of a party, an appellate court 

may review the sufficiency or excessiveness of the amount of security. Id. 24.4(a); TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 52.006(d); Tex. Custom Pools, Inc., 293 S.W.3d at 

305; G.M. Houser, Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 840.

B. Burden of Proof

Because appellant had the burden to prove its net worth, it must show the evidence 

conclusively establishes, as a matter of law, all vital facts in support of its position. Sterner 

v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex. 1989); Tex. Custom Pools, Inc., 293 

S.W.3d at 306; G.M. Houser, Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 840–41. In reviewing a “matter of law” 

challenge, the reviewing court must first examine the record for evidence that supports 

the finding, while ignoring all evidence to the contrary. Sterner, 767 S.W.2d at 690. If there 

is no evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court will then examine the entire 

record to determine if the contrary proposition is established as a matter of law. Id. In 

conducting our review, we must consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the 

challenged finding and indulge every reasonable inference that would support it. G.M. 

Houser, Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 841 (citing City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 822 

(Tex. 2005)). We must credit favorable evidence if a reasonable fact finder could and 

disregard contrary evidence unless a reasonable fact finder could not. Id. (citing City of 

Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827; Ramco Oil & Gas, Ltd. v. Anglo Dutch (Tenge) L.L.C., 171 

S.W.3d 905, 910 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.)). Finally, we must 

determine whether the evidence before the trial court would enable reasonable and fair-
7

minded people to find the facts at issue. G.M. Houser, Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 841. We also 

bear in mind that the fact finder is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and

the weight to give their testimony. Id.

Appellant contends that the trial court imposed an erroneous burden of proof by 

requiring it to conclusively establish any facts as a matter of law, as opposed to a 

preponderance of the evidence burden. However, the trial court’s order specifically stated 

that it found appellant’s net worth to be $503,426.11 “based on a preponderance of the 

evidence.” While the trial court’s order cites case law that “[t]o be ‘complete’ a Rule 24 

affidavit must provide evidence that conclusively establishes, as a matter of law, all vital

facts in support of its position,” the trial court stated that its findings were based on the 

appropriate burden of proof, and we see no reason to disbelieve this assertion. Sterner, 

767 S.W.2d at 690. Thus, we decline to find that the trial court imposed an erroneous 

burden of proof when its order explicitly applied the correct burden of proof. Appellant’s 

first issue is overruled.

C. Hesson’s Affidavit

In its second issue appellant complains that the trial court made the following 

erroneous finding of fact and conclusion:

Further, the Court finds that [appellant] has failed to establish that its assets 

and liabilities as set forth in the 2019 Balance Sheet show its net worth as 

determined by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), as 

Texas law requires. See, e.g., Ashmore, 2016 WL 4437009, at *1; Ramco, 

171 S.W.3d at 914. Although the Hesson Affidavit states that the 2019 

Balance Sheet “was prepared in accordance with [GAAP]” it does not 

establish Mr. Hesson’s qualifications to make that assertion and, therefore, 

is not competent evidence on the matter and [appellee’s] hearsay objection 

to said testimony is sustained.
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Appellant contends that (1) Hesson’s affidavit is prima facie evidence of its net worth, and 

not hearsay; and (2) that it was not required to provide testimony from an accountant to 

prove its net worth. Further, by its third issue, appellant argues that the trial court required 

it to prove matters outside the scope of rule 24, specifically complaining of the trial court’s 

finding that 

the Hesson Affidavit is not “complete” as Rule 24.2 requires in that it does 

not include underlying documents to support each asset and each liability 

in the 2019 Balance Sheet, provide appropriate testimony by an accountant 

or competent financial person, indicate any efforts by [appellant] to obtain a 

supersedeas bond, indicate that there are insufficient unencumbered 

assets to cover the cost of a bond, explain the impact on [appellant] of 

selling assets to acquire a bond or state the likelihood of insolvency or 

bankruptcy should assets be sold to acquire a supersedeas bond.

Appellee responds that the trial court found numerous defects in Hesson’s affidavit 

and further, as is within its discretion, found the affidavit to be incomplete under rule 

24.2(c)(1). See TEX. R. APP. P. 24.2(c)(1) (“A judgment debtor who provides a bond, 

deposit, or security under (a)(1)(A) in an amount based on the debtor’s net worth must 

simultaneously file with the trial court clerk an affidavit that states the debtor’s net worth 

and states complete, detailed information concerning the debtor’s assets and liabilities 

from which net worth can be ascertained.”). Appellee argues that even if this Court were 

to find that the trial court erred in its hearsay ruling, though appellee does not believe it 

did, the rejection of the affidavit would still be appropriate as it was “riddled with so many 

defects and shortcomings.”

In his affidavit, Hesson averred in part that 

[t]he attached balance sheet was prepared in accordance with generally 

accepted accounting principles and provides complete and detailed 

information concerning [appellant’s] assets and liabilities, from which its net 
9

worth can be ascertained. As reflected in the balance sheet, [appellant] 

reports the following total amounts:

Total assets = $239,599.83

Total liabilities = $2,087,172.99

Net worth = (negative) $1,847,573.16

The trial court found that the affidavit did “not establish Mr. Hesson’s qualifications to 

make that assertion and, therefore, is not competent evidence on the matter and 

[appellee’s] hearsay objection to said testimony is sustained.” 

Appellee presented the trial court with contradictory evidence to discredit portions 

of appellant’s balance sheet and to impeach Hesson’s declaration of appellant’s net 

worth. The trial court agreed with appellee, finding the balance sheet to have unsupported 

assertions for its assets and liabilities, and thus finding the affidavit incomplete. Also, the 

trial court found that while Hesson stated that the balance sheet was prepared in 

accordance with generally accepted accounted principles, there was no evidence or 

testimony to support his assertion, nor did appellant provide any “underlying documents 

to support each asset and each liability.” 

Although we agree with appellant that an affidavit meeting the requirements of rule 

24.2(c)(1) is prima facie evidence of the debtor’s net worth for the purpose of establishing 

the amount of the supersedeas bond, the rule also expressly provides that a judgment 

creditor may file a contest to the debtor’s claimed net worth. See TEX. R. APP. P. 

24.2(c)(2). And in order to constitute prima facie evidence, the affidavit must state 

“complete, detailed information concerning the debtor’s assets and liabilities from which 

net worth can be ascertained.” Id. 24.2(c)(1). The record reflects, and the trial court found, 

that appellant failed to offer complete and detailed information regarding its assets and 
10

liabilities from which its net worth could be determined. Appellant’s argument that the trial 

court imposed additional requirements that are not considered under rule 24 does not 

alter our finding that appellant failed to meet its burden of proof. The trial court, as the fact 

finder, found that Hesson’s affidavit was unreliable, incomplete, and contained 

unsupported assertions. Again, we bear in mind that the fact finder is the sole judge of 

the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to give their testimony, and we defer to the 

trial court’s finding of credibility in this matter. G.M. Houser, Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 841. 

Therefore, appellant failed to meet his burden of proof. See TEX. R. APP. P. 24.2(c)(3) 

(debtor bears burden of proving net worth). Appellant’s second and third issues are 

overruled.

D. Against the Great Weight and Preponderance of the Evidence

In its fourth issue, appellant complains that the trial court’s failure to find a negative 

net worth was against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. Having 

presented the trial court with Hesson’s affidavits, balance sheets for three consecutive 

years, and its 2019 federal income tax return, as well as “tax liability statements issued 

by the IRS” and deposition testimony of Hesson, appellant argues that the trial court erred 

by not finding it has a net worth of “less than negative $1 million.”

The trial court, however, explicitly found that the affidavit was incomplete, the 

balance sheets were inaccurate or heavily contested by appellee, and that the tax return 

was insufficient to establish net worth. We find that the trial court’s order specifically 

recites the reasons for finding the debtor was not credible. It was reasonable for the trial 

court to question appellant’s credibility “given the other evidence available for the court’s 
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consideration” as we have discussed above. See Bishop Abbey Homes, Ltd. v. Hale, No. 

05-14-01137-CV, 2015 WL 4456209, at *6 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 21, 2015, no pet.) 

(mem. op. on motion) (citing Newsome v. North Texas Neuroscience Center, P.A., No. 

08–09–00025–CV, 2009 WL 3738504 (Tex. App.—El Paso Nov. 9, 2009, no pet.) (mem. 

op. on motion)). The trial court’s order “states with particularity the factual basis” for its 

determination, as required by rule 24.2(c)(3). See In re Smith, 192 S.W.3d 564, 568 (Tex. 

2006) (explaining that the trial court must state with particularity the factual basis for its 

determination of net worth so that an appellate court may “ascertain the basis for that 

determination”). The evidence supports the trial court’s ruling. If a party is attacking the 

factual sufficiency of an issue upon which it had the burden of proof, it must demonstrate 

that the adverse finding is against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. 

Croucher v. Croucher, 660 S.W.2d 55, 58 (Tex. 1983); Marrs and Smith Partnership v. 

D.K. Boyd Oil and Gas Co., Inc., 223 S.W.3d 1, 14 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2005, pet. 

denied). In reviewing a factual sufficiency issue, we must first examine the record to 

determine if there is some evidence to support the finding; if so, then we must determine 

whether the failure to find is so contrary to the overwhelming weight and preponderance 

of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 

175, 176 (Tex. 1986); Tex. Custom Pools, Inc., 293 S.W.3d at 306. Here, appellant has 

failed to establish that there is no evidence to support the trial court’s ruling, or that the 

ruling was against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. See Newsome, 

2009 WL 3738504, at *5. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in setting the amount 

of the bond in accordance with § 52.006(a) and rule 24.2(a)(1). See TEX. CIV. PRAC. &
12

REM. CODE ANN. § 52.006(d); TEX. R. APP. P. 24.2(c)(2). We overrule appellant’s fourth 

issue.

E. Altering the Balance Sheet

In its fifth and sixth issues, appellant argues that the trial court erred in altering the 

balance sheets by increasing appellant’s total assets and reducing appellant’s liabilities. 

As mentioned above, pursuant to rule 24.2(c)(3), “[t]he trial court must issue an order that

states the debtor’s net worth and states with particularity the factual basis for that

determination.” TEX. R. APP. P. 24.2(c)(3). While appellee correctly discusses that some 

Texas appellate courts have acknowledged the impossibility of this requirement, in this 

case, the trial court was ordered to assess appellant’s net worth. The trial court was 

presented with multiple balance sheets as well as additional information from appellant. 

The same evidence presented by appellant was directly refuted and countered by 

appellee, including specific line items in the balance sheets. The trial court had sufficient 

information upon which to exercise its discretion and did not err in its application of that 

discretion in this case. See Leibman, 981 S.W.2d at 429. Bearing in mind that the fact 

finder is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their 

testimony, we conclude that the trial court’s decision was neither arbitrary nor 

unreasonable. G.M. Houser, Inc., 204 S.W.3d at 841. We find that the trial court did not 

abuse its discretion because the trial court did not act without reference to any guiding 

rules or principles. See Downer, 701 S.W.2d at 241–42. We overrule appellant’s fifth and 

sixth issues.
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III. CONCLUSION

We DENY appellant’s motion to vacate the trial court’s order.

PER CURIAM

Delivered and filed the

29th day of December, 2020.