Yield and Agricultural Input Assumptions Used in Analysis

Category

Yield (Current) 4.5-5 dry ton/acre 11 dry ton/acre

Yield (Projected) 6.59 dry ton/acre 13 dry ton/acre

Nitrogen Fertilizer 100 lbs/acre 15.2 lbs/dry ton 60 lbs/acre 5.5 lbs/dry ton

Phosphorus Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 15 lbs/acre 1.4 lbs/dry ton

Potassium Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 7 lbs/acre 0.6 lbs/dry ton

Herbicide 0.01 lbs/acre 0.002 lbs/dry ton 5.5 lbs/acre 0.5 lbs/dry ton

Insecticide 0.1-0.2 lbs/acre 0.0228 lbs/dry ton 0.044 lbs/acre 0.004 lbs/dry ton

Lime 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton

Diesel 2.8-3.0 gal/acre 0.4 gal/dry ton 9.2 gal/acre 0.8 gal/dry ton

Electricity (irrigation) 0 kwh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0 kWh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton

1

Switchgrass sources: 2022 Nat'l Avg RFS2 Control Case (FASOM); 2010 Beach et al

2

Assumes switchgrass yield of 6.59 dry tons/acre in 2022.

3

Assumes biomass sorghum yield of 11 dry tons/acre.

Maughan, M.W. (2011). “Evaluation of switchgrass, M. x giganteus, and sorghum as biomass crops: Effects of environment and field management practices.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Ch

Category

Yield (Current) 4.5-5 dry ton/acre 11 dry ton/acre

Yield (Projected) 6.59 dry ton/acre 13 dry ton/acre

Nitrogen Fertilizer 100 lbs/acre 15.2 lbs/dry ton 60 lbs/acre 4.6 lbs/dry ton

Phosphorus Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 15 lbs/acre 1.2 lbs/dry ton

Potassium Fertilizer 40 lbs/acre 6.1 lbs/dry ton 7 lbs/acre 0.5 lbs/dry ton

Herbicide 0.01 lbs/acre 0.002 lbs/dry ton 5.5 lbs/acre 0.4 lbs/dry ton

Insecticide 0.1-0.2 lbs/acre 0.0228 lbs/dry ton 0.044 lbs/acre 0.003 lbs/dry ton

Lime 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton 0 lbs/acre 0.0 lbs/dry ton

Diesel 2.8-3.0 gal/acre 0.4 gal/dry ton 9.2 gal/acre 0.7 gal/dry ton

Electricity (irrigation) 0 kwh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0 kWh/acre 0.0 kWh/dry ton

4

Assumes biomass sorghum yield of 13 dry tons/acre

Switchgrass1	 Biomass Sorghum

per acre per try ton2per acre per dry ton4

Switchgrass1	 Biomass Sorghum

per acre per try ton2per acre per dry ton3
Biomass Sorghum Data Sources/Notes

11 dry ton/acre: petition, based on Maughan

13 dry ton/acre: for 2022, assumes 2% annual yield increase

60 lbs/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs

15 lbs/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs

7 lbs/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs

USDA estimate for energy cane

0.0006 tons CO2e/acre from pesticides: petition, which references 2022 

FASOM inputs

9.2 gal/acre: petition, which references 2022 FASOM inputs

eld management practices.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Biomass Sorghum Data Sources/Notes
Emissions Calculations for Biomas sorghum Emissions Calculations for Biomass sorghum

11 dry tons/acre 13 dry tons/acre

Category Category

N2O Emissions* 107,894.22

g CO2eq/

dry ton 

biomass 107894

gCO2eq/dry 

ton N2O Emissions*

Nitrogen Fertilizer 5.5 lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons of 

nitrogen/lbs of 

nitrogen 3291414.00

g CO2eq/

ton of 

nitrogen 8977

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Nitrogen Fertilizer 4.6

Phosphorus Fertilizer 1.4 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905

g CO2eq/

ton of 

phosphate 766

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Phosphorus Fertilizer 1.2

Potassium Fertilizer 0.6 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661

g CO2eq/

ton of 

potassium 236

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Potassium Fertilizer 0.5

Herbicide 0.5 lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons herbicide/

lbs herbicide 23450278.67

gCO2eq/

tonsof 

herbicide 5863

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Herbicide 0.4

Pesticide 0.004 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 27216586.75 54.55

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Pesticide 0.003

Lime 0.0 lbs/dry ton 0.0005

ton lime/

lbs lime 408231

gCO2eq/

ton of lime 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Lime 0.0

Diesel 0.8 gal/dry ton 0.13

mmBTU/

gal diesel 96551.365

gCO2eq/

mmBTU 

diesel 10498

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Diesel 0.7

Electricity (irrigation) 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0.0034

mmBtu/

kWh 219,824

gCO2eq/

mmBtu 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Electricity (irrigation) 0.0

Total 

Emissions 134288

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

*Source: IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use. *Source: IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse 

Category Category

N2O Emissions* 136,352.05

g CO2eq/

dry ton 

biomass 136352

gCO2eq/dry 

ton N2O Emissions*

Nitrogen Fertilizer 15.2 lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons of 

nitrogen/lbs of 

nitrogen 3291413.998

g CO2eq/

ton of 

nitrogen 24973

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Nitrogen Fertilizer 15.2

Conversions

Emissions/dry ton 

feedstock

Switchgrass Inputs

B. Sorghum Inputs

Switchgrass Inputs

Biomass Sorghum Inputs

Conversions

Emissions/dry ton 

feedstock
Phosphorus Fertilizer 6.1 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905

g CO2eq/

ton of 

phosphate 3409

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Phosphorus Fertilizer 6.1

Potassium Fertilizer 6.1 lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661

g CO2eq/

ton of 

potassium 2254

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Potassium Fertilizer 6.1

Herbicide 0.002 lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons herbicide/

lbs herbicide 23450278.67

gCO2eq/

tons of 

herbicide 18

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Herbicide 0.002

Pesticide (average across 

regions) 0.0228 lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons pesticide/

lbs pesticide 27216586.75

gCO2eq/

tons of 

pesticide 310

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

Pesticide (average across 

regions) 0.023

Lime 0.0

lbs/

dry ton 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Lime 0.0

Diesel 0.4 gal/dry ton 0.13

mmBTU diesel/

gal diesel 96551.365

gCO2eq/

mmBTU 

diesel 5523

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Diesel 0.4

Electricity (irrigation) 0.0 kWh/dry ton 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton Electricity (irrigation) 0.0

Total 

Emissions 172838

gCO2eq/dry 

ton

Difference 

(biomass 

sorghum - 

switchgrass) -38550

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 
r Biomass sorghum

 105,437.35

g CO2eq/

dry ton 

biomass 105437

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons of 

nitrogen/lbs of 

nitrogen 3291414.00

g CO2eq/

ton of 

nitrogen 7596

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905

g CO2eq/

ton of 

phosphate 648

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661

g CO2eq/

ton of 

potassium 200

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons herbicide/

lbs herbicide 23450278.67

gCO2eq/

tonsof 

herbicide 4961

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons 

pesticide/lbs 

pesticide 27216586.75

gCO2eq/ton 

of pesticide 46.2

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

ton lime/

lbs lime 408231

gCO2eq/

ton of lime 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

gal/dry ton 0.13

mmBTU/

gal diesel 96551.365

gCO2eq/

mmBTU 

diesel 8883

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

kWh/dry ton 0.0034

mmBtu/

kWh 219,824

gCO2eq/

mmBtu 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

Total 

Emissions 127770

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

06 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use.

 136,352.05

g CO2eq/

dry ton 

biomass 136352

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons of 

nitrogen/lbs of 

nitrogen 3291413.998

g CO2eq/

ton of 

nitrogen 24973

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

Conversions

Emissions/dry ton 

feedstock

Emissions/dry ton 

Conversions feedstock

Switchgrass Inputs

B. Sorghum Inputs
lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of P/lbs of P 1123158.905

g CO2eq/

ton of 

phosphate 3409

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005 tons of K/lbs of K 742545.7661

g CO2eq/

ton of 

potassium 2254

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons herbicide/

lbs herbicide 23450278.67

gCO2eq/

tons of 

herbicide 18

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/dry ton 0.0005

tons pesticide/

lbs pesticide 27216586.75

gCO2eq/

tons of 

pesticide 310

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

lbs/

dry ton 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

gal/dry ton 0.13

mmBTU diesel/

gal diesel 96551.365

gCO2eq/

mmBTU 

diesel 5523

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

kWh/dry ton 0

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

Total 

Emissions 172838

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 

Difference 

(biomass 

sorghum - 

switchgrass) -45068

gCO2eq/dry 

ton 
60 lb/acre N Switchgrass

Biomass Sorghum 13 Tons/acre 11 Tons/acre 6.59 Tons/acre

kg N2O/ha 10.92592834 9.460441049 7.162548881

kg CO2eq/ha 3387.037785 2932.736725 2220.390153

kg CO2 eq/acre 1370.685564 1186.836447 898.5600168

g CO2 eq/acre 1,370,685.56 1,186,836.45 898,560.02

gCO2eq/dry ton 105,437.35 107,894.22 136,352.05

11.7936 MT/acre 9.9792 MT/acre 5.978448 MT/acre

29.14262021 MT/ha 24.65914018 MT/ha 14.77306671 MT/ha
Conversions

1 kg N2O= 310 kg CO2eq

1 ha = 2.47105381 acre http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/NR_RM_05.pdf

1 short ton = 0.9072 MT
NR_RM_05.pdf
N2O Equations and Factors

Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. V

Assumptions (fill in values of orange cells)

Biomass sorghum

Yield

13 dry tons/acre

29142.51 kg/ha (dry)

N fertilizer applied

60 lbs/acre

67.25 kg/ha

Above-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab)

0.30 Perennial grasses value

Above-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab)

0.00 Perennial grasses value

Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass

0.80 Perennial grasses value

N content of above-ground biomass

0.015 Perennial grasses value

N content of below-ground biomass

0.012 Perennial grasses value

Direct N2O Emissions

Direct Emissions (Overall Equation)

Emissions =

EF for N additions from mineral fertilizer and crop residues =

N Additions from Mineral Fertilizers

N additions to soils from mineral fertilizers =

N Additions from Crop Residues (based on "Perennial Grasses" values under CRFactors tab)

N additions to soils from crop residues =

where,

Above-ground residue dry matter =

Below-ground residue dry matter =

Crop residue summary equations [see CRFactors tab for explanation of letters]
N additions to soils from crop residues =

Above-ground residue dry matter (AGdm) =

Below-ground residue dry matter (BGdm) =

Indirect N2O Emissions

Note that for indirect emissions, the calculation of N applied to soils from fertilizers or crop residues is the same as for direct em

Indirect Emissions from Volatilization

Emissions =

N lost (from synthetic fertilizer additions) through volatilization =

EF for N lost through volatilization =

Indirect Emissions from Leaching/Runoff

Emissions =

N lost through leaching/runoff (from all N sources) =

EF for N lost through leaching/runoff =
C Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 4: Agriculture, Forestry; and Other Land Use.

Biomass sorghum Switchgrass

Yield Yield

11 dry tons/acre 6.59

24659.05 kg/ha (dry) 14773.01

N fertilizer applied N fertilizer applied

60 lbs/acre 100

67.25 kg/ha 112.08

Above-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab) Above-ground residue 

0.30 Perennial grasses value 0.30

Above-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab) Above-ground residue 

0.00 Perennial grasses value 0.00

Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass Ratio of below-ground 

0.80 Perennial grasses value 0.80

N content of above-ground biomass N content of above-gro

0.015 Perennial grasses value 0.015

N content of below-ground biomass N content of below-gro

0.012 Perennial grasses value 0.012

Equation

(N additions to soils from mineral fertilizer + N additions to soils from 

crop residues) × EF

(67.25+494.84) x 

0.01 5.62 kg N2O-N

0.01 kg N2O-N / kg N added

kg fertilizer N applied to soils (i.e., change in fertilizer N applications 

between current and projected year) 67.25 kg/ha

alues under CRFactors tab)

Crop area x (Above-ground residue dry matter x N content of aboveground residues + below-ground residue dry matter x N content of 

below-ground residues) 

1 ha × [8743 kg/ha 

x 0.015 + 30308 × 

0.012] 494.84 kg 

Fresh weight yield (in Mg fresh weight harvested/ha) × dry matter 

fraction of harvested crop × slope + intercept

29.142 Mg/ha x 0.3 

+ 0 8.74 Mg/ha

8742.75 kg/ha

(Above-ground residue dry matter + Harvested dry matter) x ratio of 

below-ground residue to above-ground biomass

(29142 kg/ha + 

8743 kg/ha)*0.8 30308.21 kg/ha

ab for explanation of letters]

Biomass sorghum 13 tons/acre
A x [AGdm x F + BGdm x H] 

1000 x [(B/A) x (1/1000) x C x D + E]

[AGdm + (B/A)] x G

m fertilizers or crop residues is the same as for direct emissions

Equation

N additions to soils from mineral fertilizers × N lost through 

volatilization × EF 67.25*0.1*0.01 0.067251 kg N2O-N

0.1 (kg NH3–N + NOx–N) / kg N applied

0.010 kg N2O–N / (kg NH3–N + NOX–N volatilised)

Equation

(N additions to soils from mineral fertilizers + N additions to soils 

from crop residues) × N lost through leaching or runoff × EF

(67.25+494.84)*0.3

*0.0075 1.264704 kg N2O-N

0.3 N losses by leaching or runoff / kg N addition

0.0075 kg N20-N / kg N leaching or runoff

6.953 kg N2O-N

10.926 kg N2O/ha

3387.04 kg CO2eq/ha

1370.67 kg CO2eq/acre

105.44 kg CO2eq/dry ton biomas

105435.88 g CO2eq/dry ton biomass
Switchgrass

dry tons/acre

kg/ha (dry)

N fertilizer applied

lbs/acre

kg/ha

Above-ground residue slope (from CRFactors tab)

Perennial grasses value

Above-ground residue intercept (from CRFactors tab)

Perennial grasses value

Ratio of below-ground residue to above-ground biomass

Perennial grasses value

N content of above-ground biomass

Perennial grasses value

N content of below-ground biomass

Perennial grasses value

(67.25+418.71) x 

0.01 4.86 kg N2O-N

(112.08+250.85) x 

0.01 3.63 kg N2O-N

67.25 kg/ha 112.08 kg/ha

1 ha × [7398 kg/ha 

x 0.015 + 25645 × 

0.012] 418.71 kg 

1 ha × [4432 kg/ha 

x 0.015 + 15364 × 

0.012] 250.85 kg 

24.659 Mg/ha x 0.3 

+ 0 7.40 Mg/ha

14.773 Mg/ha x 0.3 

+ 0 4.43 Mg/ha

7397.71 kg/ha 4431.90 kg/ha

(24659 kg/ha + 

7398 kg/ha)*0.8 25645.41 kg/ha

(14773 kg/ha + 

4432 kg/ha)*0.8 15363.93 kg/ha

Biomass sorghum 11 tons/acre Switchgrass
67.25*0.1*0.01 0.067251 kg N2O-N 112.08*0.1*0.01 0.112085 kg N2O-N

(67.25+418.71)*0.3

*0.0075 1.093414 kg N2O-N

(112.08+250.85)*0.

3*0.0075 0.816594 kg N2O-N

6.020 kg N2O-N 4.558 kg N2O-N

9.460 kg N2O/ha 7.163 kg N2O/ha

kg CO2eq/ha 2932.74 kg CO2eq/ha 2220.39 kg CO2eq/ha

kg CO2eq/acre 1186.82 kg CO2eq/acre 898.55 kg CO2eq/acre

kg CO2eq/dry ton biomass 107.89 kg CO2eq/dry ton biomass 136.35 kg CO2eq/dry ton biomass

g CO2eq/dry ton biomass 107892.72 g CO2eq/dry ton biomass 136350.15 g CO2eq/dry ton biomass
Table 11.2 DEFAULT FACTORS FOR ESTIMATION OF N ADDED TO SOILS FROM CROP RESIDUES a 

A B C D E

Crop Crop Area

Crop 

Harvested

Dry matter 

fraction of 

harvested 

product 

(DRY) 

Slope 

± 2 s.d. as 

% of mean Intercept 

± 2 s.d. as 

% of mean 

Units ha kg

Major crop types 

Grains 0.88 1.09 ± 2% 0.88 ± 6% 

Beans & pulsesb 0.91 1.13 ± 19% 0.85 ± 56% 

Tubersc 0.22 0.10 ± 69% 1.06 ± 70% 

Root crops, otherd 0.94 1.07 ± 19% 1.54 ± 41% 

N-fixing forages 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - 

Non-N-fixing forages 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - 

Perennial grasses 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - 

Grass-clover mixtures 0.90 0.30 ± 50% default 0.00 - 

Individual crops 

Maize 0.87 1.03 ± 3% 0.61 ± 19% 

Wheat 0.89 1.51 ± 3% 0.52 ± 17% 

Rice 0.89 0.95 ±19% 2.46 ± 41% 

Barley 0.89 0.98 ± 8% 0.59 ± 41% 

Oats 0.89 0.91 ± 5% 0.89 ± 8% 

Millet 0.90 1.43 ± 18% 0.14 ± 308% 

Sorghum 0.89 0.88 ± 13% 1.33 ± 27% 

Rye

e

0.88 1.09 ± 50% default 0.88 ± 50% default 

Soybeanf

0.91 0.93 ± 31% 1.35 ± 49% 

Dry beang

0.90 0.36 ± 100% 0.68 ± 47% 

Potatoh

0.22 0.10 ± 69% 1.06 ± 70% 

Peanut (w/pod)i 0.94 1.07 ± 19% 1.54 ± 41% 

Alfalfaj

0.90 0.29 ± 31% 0.00 - 

Non-legume hayj 0.90 0.18 ± 50% default 0.00 - 

Oil Palm

Items highlighted indicate crops where NA data has been pulled from crop categories to estimate N2O emissions in the Crop Re

a Source: Literature review by Stephen A. Williams, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. (Email: st

of the original references is given in Annex 11A.1.

b The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from all data used was 2.0 and included data for soya bean, dry bean, lentil, co

c Modelled after potatoes.

d Modelled after peanuts.

Above-ground residue dry matter AGDM(T) (Mg/ha): AGDM(T) 

= Crop(T) * slope(T) + intercept(T) 
e No data for rye. Slope and intercept values are those for all grain. Default s.d.

f The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from all data used was 1.9.

g Ortega, 1988 (see Annex 11A.1). The average above-ground residue:grain ratio from this single source was 1.6. default s.d. f

h The mean value for above-ground residue:tuber ratio in the sources used was 0.27 with a standard error of 0.04.

I The mean value for above-ground residue: pod yield in the sources used was 1.80 with a standard error of 0.10.

j Single source. Default s.d. for root:AGB.

k This is the average above-ground biomass reported as litter or harvest losses. This does not include reported stubble, which a

l Estimate of root turnover to above-ground production based on the assumption that in natural grass systems below-ground bio

root turnover in these systems averages about 40% (30% to 50%) per year. Default s.d.

m This is an estimate of non-tuber roots based on the root:shoot values found for other crops. If unmarketable tuber yield is retu

(unmarketable yield = 0.08 * marketable yield = 0.29 * above-ground biomass) suggest that the total residues returned might the

n This is an estimate of root turnover in perennial systems. Default s.d.

p It is assumed here that grass dominates the system by 2 to 1 over legumes.
F G H

N content 

of aboveground 

residues 

(NAG) 

Ratio of 

belowground 

residues to 

aboveground 

biomass 

(RBG-BIO) 

N content 

of belowground 

residues 

(NBG) 

R

2

 adj. 

0.65 0.006 0.22 0.009

0.28 0.008 0.19 0.008

0.18 0.019 0.20 0.014

0.63 0.016 0.20 0.014

- 0.027 0.40 0.022

- 0.015 0.54 0.012

- 0.015 0.80 0.012

- 0.025 0.80 0.016

0.76 0.006 0.22 0.007

0.68 0.006 0.24 0.009

0.47 0.007 0.16 NA 

0.68 0.007 0.22 0.014

0.45 0.007 0.25 0.008

0.50 0.007 NA NA 

0.36 0.007 NA 0.006

- 0.005 NA 0.011

0.16 0.008 0.19 0.008

0.15 0.010 NA 0.010

0.18 0.019 0.20 0.014

0.63 0.016 NA NA 

- 0.027 0.40 0.019

- 0.150 0.54 0.012

#DIV/0!

O emissions in the Crop Residues N worksheet

 State University. (Email: stevewi@warnercnr.colostate.edu) for CASMGS (http://www.casmgs.colostate.edu/). A list

ya bean, dry bean, lentil, cowpea, black gram, and pea.

GDM(T) (Mg/ha): AGDM(T) 
ource was 1.6. default s.d. for root:AGB.

d error of 0.04.

error of 0.10.

de reported stubble, which averaged 0.165 x Reported Yields. Default s.d.

s systems below-ground biomass is approximately equal to twice (one to three times) the above-ground biomass and that

marketable tuber yield is returned to the soil then data are derived from Vangessel and Renner, 1990 (see Annex 11A.1)

residues returned might then be on the order of 0.49 * above-ground biomass. Default s.d.
p://www.casmgs.colostate.edu/). A list
 times) the above-ground biomass and that

sel and Renner, 1990 (see Annex 11A.1)

 Default s.d.
Sorghum - data from Dahlberg (2011) 

Reference: Dahlberg, Jeff, Ed Wolfrum, Brent Bean, and William L. Rooney (2011) Compositional and Agronomic E

Notes: Water extractives, ethanol extractives, and acetyl provided in email from J. Dahlberg (10/21/13). In ad

Analytical Method: NREL

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated Reported in paper

Soluble 

sucrose

Water 

extractive

s

Ethanol 

extractives

Total 

extractives Glucan

07CMP001 2.4 11.4 3.0 16.8 31.0

07CMP002 3.5 11.3 2.9 17.7 29.9

07CMP003 1.6 5.8 2.8 10.2 35.3

07CMP004 2.3 12.4 2.9 17.5 29.8

07CMP005 4.6 18.1 2.8 25.6 27.6

07CMP006 2.4 11.9 2.8 17.0 30.4

07CMP007 1.1 7.8 3.4 12.3 23.0

07CMP009 1.6 13.1 2.9 17.5 20.3

07CMP010 0.4 15.2 2.7 18.3 24.9

07CMP011 0.9 9.1 2.5 12.5 22.8

07CMP012 0.2 10.0 2.9 13.1 20.2

07CMP013 0.2 11.2 2.5 13.9 21.3

07CMP014 0.6 7.7 4.7 13.0 25.4

07CMP015 0.4 7.5 4.7 12.6 24.2

07CMP016 1.5 11.0 2.6 15.0 20.8

07CMP018 1.1 13.9 2.7 17.7 18.7

07CMP020 1.5 12.5 2.8 16.8 18.8

07CMP021 1.2 11.7 2.2 15.1 26.4

07CMP022 0.8 11.8 2.9 15.4 27.6

07CMP030 0.4 15.6 3.0 19.0 25.4

07CMP032 1.7 13.7 3.0 18.4 20.3

07CMP049 1.7 6.8 3.4 11.9 34.3

Dahlberg et al did not include soluble starch in their total yield. 

The soluble starch is included with soluble sucrose, water extractives, and ethanol extractives. So, don't include it in "other o

Cellulosic 

Components

Other 

Organics Inorganics

Total (% 

recover)

07CMP001 67.2 21.7 10.5 99.476977

07CMP002 65.6 22.6 11.3 99.510748

07CMP003 72.3 15.0 9.4 96.75378

07CMP004 67.1 22.1 9.3 98.493442

07CMP005 61.3 27.7 10.8 99.778052

07CMP006 67.5 21.6 10.1 99.156324
07CMP007 52.4 36.8 8.2 97.356443

07CMP009 48.8 42.2 9.9 100.80159

07CMP010 58.3 33.3 8.7 100.30627

07CMP011 53.0 35.5 10.9 99.396903

07CMP012 50.6 41.7 8.0 100.38374

07CMP013 51.8 41.3 7.3 100.47369

07CMP014 56.6 32.4 8.5 97.428

07CMP015 53.8 34.1 8.9 96.669378

07CMP016 51.7 40.2 9.8 101.67741

07CMP018 46.8 45.8 8.5 100.98132

07CMP020 48.6 43.9 9.1 101.53702

07CMP021 61.1 30.7 8.9 100.65874

07CMP022 64.3 24.8 9.4 98.477867

07CMP030 58.6 34.6 8.6 101.77958

07CMP032 47.5 44.5 9.9 101.88604

07CMP049 73.6 13.6 8.5 95.617206

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic 

Components

Other 

Organics Inorganics

07CMP001 67.6 21.9 10.6

07CMP002 65.9 22.7 11.4

07CMP003 74.8 15.5 9.7

07CMP004 68.2 22.4 9.4

07CMP005 61.4 27.8 10.8

07CMP006 68.1 21.8 10.2

07CMP007 53.8 37.8 8.4

07CMP009 48.4 41.8 9.8

07CMP010 58.1 33.2 8.7

07CMP011 53.3 35.7 11.0

07CMP012 50.4 41.6 8.0

07CMP013 51.6 41.1 7.3

07CMP014 58.1 33.2 8.7

07CMP015 55.6 35.2 9.2

07CMP016 50.8 39.5 9.6

07CMP018 46.3 45.3 8.4

07CMP020 47.8 43.2 8.9

07CMP021 60.7 30.5 8.9

07CMP022 65.3 25.2 9.5

07CMP030 57.6 34.0 8.5

07CMP032 46.7 43.6 9.7

07CMP049 76.9 14.2 8.9

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic 

Components

Other 

Organics "High-yield"

Sorghum/sud

an
07CMP001 75.6% 24.4% PS Forage 68.9-82.8% 61.2-75.8%

07CMP002 74.3% 25.7% PS Sorghum 75.4% 70.0%

07CMP003 82.8% 17.2% PS Forage

07CMP004 75.2% 24.8% PS Forage

07CMP005 68.9% 31.1% PS Sorghum

07CMP006 75.8% 24.2% ML Sorghum

07CMP007 58.7% 41.3% M Forage

07CMP009 53.6% 46.4% ML Forage

07CMP010 63.6% 36.4% M Forage

07CMP011 59.9% 40.1% M Forage

07CMP012 54.8% 45.2% ML Forage

07CMP013 55.6% 44.4% M Forage

07CMP014 63.6% 36.4% ML Forage

07CMP015 61.2% 38.8% M Sorghum

07CMP016 56.2% 43.8% ML Forage

07CMP018 50.5% 49.5% ME Forage

07CMP020 52.5% 47.5% M Forage

07CMP021 66.6% 33.4% L Forage

07CMP022 72.2% 27.8% L Forage

07CMP030 62.9% 37.1% L Forage

07CMP032 51.7% 48.3% ML Forage

07CMP049 84.4% 15.6% ME Forage
Compositional and Agronomic Evaluation of Sorghum Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Renewable Fuels. Journal of Biobased Materia

m J. Dahlberg (10/21/13). In addition, the publication provided data for protein, starch, and ash, but the email provided data for structur

Hemicellulose

Calculated: Reported in paper Calculated:

Cellulose Xylan Galactan Arabinan Acetyl

Total 

hemicellul

ose

31.02020133 17.4 0.8 2.7 1.5 22.3

29.91877993 16.1 0.9 2.9 1.6 21.6

35.34807802 19.9 1.1 2.9 1.8 25.7

29.81518971 17.8 1.1 3.0 2.0 23.8

27.6246443 15.5 0.9 2.3 1.8 20.6

30.42273465 17.5 1.0 2.7 1.9 23.1

23.00662571 14.9 1.0 2.5 0.8 19.2

20.31141412 13.2 0.9 2.2 0.8 17.2

24.86236074 15.3 1.1 2.4 1.2 20.1

22.76117912 14.8 1.0 3.0 0.8 19.6

20.15775288 13.2 1.0 2.3 0.9 17.4

21.30492863 13.3 1.0 2.2 1.0 17.5

25.43665267 15.7 1.1 2.7 1.1 20.6

24.15695328 15.0 1.0 2.5 0.9 19.4

20.79401967 14.3 1.0 2.3 1.0 18.6

18.66950995 13.4 1.0 2.4 1.4 18.2

18.80578823 13.1 1.0 2.1 1.1 17.3

26.44423212 16.3 1.2 2.3 1.0 20.7

27.56413167 16.9 1.1 3.0 1.6 22.6

25.43388913 15.3 1.1 2.6 1.3 20.3

20.3293209 12.6 0.9 2.5 1.2 17.3

34.28172874 18.3 0.9 2.1 1.7 23.0

 So, don't include it in "other organics."
Forage
50.5-84.4%

60.5%
uels. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. Vol 5, 1-7

e email provided data for structural and non-structural portions of these components

Lignin Other

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper:

Lignin

Total 

Lignin

Structural 

Protein

Non 

structural 

protein

Soluble 

starch

Structural 

starch

structural 

inorganics

13.9 13.86709 2.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 5.2

14.0 14.03903 2.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 5.7

11.3 11.27499 2.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 3.9

13.5 13.47007 2.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 4.4

13.1 13.08303 2.1 4.0 0.0 4.7

14.0 13.98199 2.2 2.4 3.4 0.0 4.8

10.2 10.15706 4.1 0.9 2.0 19.5 3.1

11.3 11.28519 3.7 0.8 2.8 20.2 4.8

13.3 13.30078 3.0 1.8 1.5 10.2 3.0

10.7 10.69162 2.8 2.6 2.7 17.5 4.9

13.1 13.0522 4.7 1.0 2.2 23.0 3.6

13.0 13.03718 3.7 2.1 2.5 21.6 3.3

10.6 10.55 2.6 2.4 7.9 14.5 5.0

10.2 10.20899 3.2 2.8 -0.5 15.5 5.9

12.3 12.29814 3.8 1.7 4.0 19.7 4.8

9.9 9.926827 3.9 0.6 -0.4 23.7 3.9

12.5 12.47959 3.7 1.7 3.3 21.7 3.9

13.9 13.89165 3.1 1.7 3.1 10.6 3.2

14.2 14.15837 2.7 2.0 1.6 4.7 4.4

12.8 12.84764 2.9 2.9 1.0 9.7 2.8

9.9 9.937739 4.3 2.1 1.5 19.7 4.6

16.3 16.25675 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.5


nonstructural 

inorganics Total

total 

solubles

5.3 99.5 24.5

5.6 99.5 25.8

5.5 96.8 18.1

4.8 98.5 24.7

6.1 103.7 35.6

5.3 102.6 28.1

5.1 99.4 20.3

5.1 103.6 26.2

5.7 101.8 27.3

6.0 102.1 23.9

4.4 102.6 20.7

4.0 103.0 22.6

3.5 105.4 26.7

3.0 96.1 17.8

5.0 105.6 25.7

4.6 100.6 22.4

5.1 104.8 26.9

5.8 103.8 25.8

4.9 100.1 23.9

5.8 102.8 28.8

5.3 103.4 27.2

5.0 95.6 17.6

Sorghum - Data from Stefaniak et al. (2012)

Reference: Stefaniak, Thomas R., Jeffery A. Dahlberg, Brent W. Bean, Nilesh Digne, and Edward J. Wolfrum (2012) Variation in bi

Samples: 152 samples representing 108 genotypes, grouped into four different groups based on end use, harvested at various 

Analytical Method: NREL methods

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose Hemicellulose

Reported in paper:Calculated Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Soluble sucrose

Total 

extractives Glucan Cellulose Xylan

Biomass 9 9 29.1 29.1 16.4

Forage 1.1 1.1 37.2 37.2 16.2

Sudan 2.4 2.4 33.2 33.2 17.2

Sweet 9.8 9.8 29.9 29.9 15.4

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic 

Components

Other 

Organics Inorganics

Total (% 

recover)

Biomass 59.2 17.9 6.3 83.4

Forage 66.4 7.4 8.4 82.2

Sudan 63.9 7.2 8.8 79.9

Sweet 58.3 20.4 5.7 84.4

Don't adjust for % recovery because didn't include all extractives, so % other organics is not valid

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic 

Components

Other 

Organics

Biomass 63.2%

Forage 72.5%

Sudan 70.1%

Sweet 61.8%
ard J. Wolfrum (2012) Variation in biomass composition compmonents among forage, biomass, Sorghum/Sudan and sweet sorghum types

ed on end use, harvested at various growth stages depending on use

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

Calculated: Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper:

Total 

hemicellulose Lignin

Total 

Lignin Protein Starch

inorganics 

(ash)

16.4 13.7 13.7 3.3 5.6 6.3

16.2 13 13 4.5 1.8 8.4

17.2 13.5 13.5 3.7 1.1 8.8

15.4 13 13 3.3 7.3 5.7
Sorghum - Data from NexSteppe (2014)

Reference: NexSteppe, submitted 10/9/14

Samples: 7 samples, grown in 4 locations

Analytical Method: NREL methods

Percent Composition

Average Free 

sugars

Average 

Starch

Average 

Total 

Cellulosics

Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (Alagoas state, Brazil) 8.48 5.22 75.78

Palo Alto Hybrid 2 (Alagoas state, Brazil) 8.5 3.58 78.09

Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (Hereford, TX) 1.23 8.12 80.1

Palo Alto Hybrid 2 (Hereford, TX) 2.99 4.3 75.53

Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (Hermiston, OR) 1.69 0.91 75.27

Palo Alto Hybrid 2 (Hermiston, OR) 5.94 0.28 77.6

Palo Alto Hybrid 1 (North Carolina) 2.55 1.6 80.47

Average
Average Adjusted 

Cellulosic Composition

77.44

79.13

87.53

82.98

88.59

83.11

86.88

83.67