GENE
HELEN
IRENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL

DAVID

ot 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES

ELMER

FRED

HENRY  oLENN

Figure 135. Operation HARDIACK I - Tobacco.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

227


HELEN
IRENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA

ALVIN

ENIWETOK ATOLL 002 10.019 cee

AVI
o 123 4 5
STATUTE MILES

LeRoy. ELMER
0.0! to 0.1

FRED

WENRY = gceNNn

Figure 34. Operation IVY - King.
Atoll dose rates in r/hr at H+1 hour.

57


TABLE 52 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I — LINDEN

Altitude H-hour 143 hours 1-9 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Fpeed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 120 18 110 18 16
1,000 090 17 080 1h --
2,000 100 1h 080 15 --
3,000 120 22 090 12 --
4,000 120 12 110 09 --
5,000 120 09 110 10 --
6,000 120 09 110 08 --
7,000 120 05 100 oT --
8,000 120 05 100 05 --
9,000 110 o7 080 OT --

10,000 100 15 090 09 --

12,000 110 wm lio 12 --

14,000 140 12 120 09 --- --

25,000 (130) (24) (120) (22) (120) (14)

16,000 130 ly 130 pe 120 wh

18,000 110 ak 110 25 130 18

20,000 100 20 110 23 120 16

23,000 100 16 100 12 130 10

25,000 140 13 1ko 13 140 O7

30,000 060 15 070 B 080 oT

35,000 o70 25 --- -- oho 12

40,000 320 07 010 1s 320 13

41,000 --- -- 290 17 --

45,000 3h0 1B --- -- 22

50,000 030 o7 010 o7 o7

55,000 120 15 140 B ub

60,000 100 16 090 09 23

65,000 090 37 --- -- 26

70,000 100 38 100 33 --

75,000 120 4o --- -- --

80,000 100 48 100 52 --

85,000 090 63 --- -- --

90,000 090 69 090 TTM --

95,000 090 85 --- -- --

100,000 100 1lo 100 95 --- --
NOTES:

I. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 54,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 31.2°C,
the dew point 77.50°F, and the relative humidity 71.

256


GENE

HELEN
{RENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL

Oo ou 2 3 5
STATUTE MILES
LEROY.
SAMES ———_~
IRWIN
HENRY GLENN
Figure 76. Operation REDWING - Yum.

Island dose rates in r/hr at Iftl hour.

121


Feet

3

Cloud Height (MSL) ond Diameter, 10

35

30

25

20

°

T T T T T T T T T T T T T ms T T
L 4
Upper Limit 4
Cloud Top Height J
lr —<Primary Cloud Mass 7
i gous Top Height 1
r 28,400 ft 7
pa
L va 4
L 4
a
r 7 1
. A 4
F Y 4
L 7 ' 4
_f—— Cloud Diameter
LT / 10,400 ft J
il 4 1
yo} —
/
4
1 i 1 LL. 1 4 " L i 4. 1. 1 L 1 1 J
o 2 4 e@ 10 12 14 16 8 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Time , Minutes
Figure 12. Cloud Dimensions: Operation SANDSTONE -

23

Zebra.


BL VIGIWASINT
NOLv9aW KOT
FLVIO3WY3INIT
BLVIOSWUSINT
MoT

Mot
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152


TABLE 27 ENIWF'TOK WIND DATA YOR OPERATLON REDWING = OBAGE,
Altitude} } LOQ ieuas
(W3L) Di Speed Dis
Peet, S S mph deure np
Surface 150 1h 150 Wy 160 16 bu 15
1,000 130 16 130 16 --- -- 160 12
2,000 130 18 1ho 17 -- 190 12
3,000 130 18 140 17 199 iz
4 000 iho 18 150 ly 190 9
5,000 150 lq 150 16 190 10
6,000 160 16 160 16 -- 190 13
7,000 170 1k 170 1k -- 190 13
8,000 180 09 180 09 190 10
9,000 180 09 180 09 190 05
10,000 170 12 170 10 179 o7
12,006 220 13 220 12 -- 180 oT
14,000 230 ah 230 1a -- 216 oy
15,000 oe -- (220) (14) --- --
16,000 210 15 210 13 --- -- 200 07
18,006 200 12 200 12 --- ~- 200 ov
20,000 200 O7 200 OT a -- 180 05
25,000 230 05 230 05 --- -- 160 o2
30,000 020 05 030 080 06 180 0
35,000 030 1 oho 15 090 uh 360 oy
40,000 050 26 050 25 cho 18 o10 12
45,000 160 o7 150 09 050 3c --- --
50,000 110 14 120 ak 230 12 --
55,000 140 O7 140 O7 120 O7 --
60,000 140 ou 130 12 ogo be -- --
NOTES : ~ ~
1. Numbers in parenthe are estimated valucs.

2.

Tropopause height was 51,500 ft MSL.

3. Wind data was

h,

5.

H-hour values
at H-22 hours

obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.

above 30,000 ft were interpolated from data ts
and H+13 how
At the surface the air pre

re was 14.63 p

and the relative humiaity 74%.

147

si,

cen

the temperstare 279.PC,


Destroy this report when it is no longer
needed. Do not return to sender.

PLEASE NOTIFY THE DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY,
ATTN: STTI, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20305, IF
YOUR ADDRESS IS INCORRECT, IF YOU WISH TO
BE DELETED FROM THE DISTRIBUTION LIST, OR
IF THE ADDRESSEE IS NO LONGER EMPLOYED BY
YOUR ORGANIZATION.

ier

CF


TABLE 20 RONGERIK WIND DATA FOR OLbRALION REDWING = “UNE (Conta)

Altitude Tee(_hours H+33 hours HA39 hor
(MSL) Dir _Speed Dir Speed Dir
fect degrees mph demrees mph degrees mph
Surface 090 18 090 10 oo 18
1,000 080 21. 080 16 O70 23
2,000 080 22 070 lT ovo 25
3,000 080 al 070 16 070 29
4,000 080 18 080 13 070 22
5,000 080 16 100 09 070 wp
6,000 070 1s 090 06 080 ov
7,000 080 2B 080 06 080 OT
8,000 090 13 090 08 070 oy
9,000 090 13 090 10 080 oY
10,000 090 13 080 13 080 10
12,000 080 12 060 13 090 12
14,000 110 08 060 13 060 dh
15,000 (090) (13) (080) (42) (060) (15)
16,000 O70 17 090 10 060 17
18,000 090 17 090 12 oho 16
20,000 o70 15 080 07 030 ie
25,000 060 22 080 22 090 Wy
30,000 050 2h O70 22 050 13
35,000 330 08 330 1 310 18
40,000 190 10 200 16 180 al
45,000 230 10 190 06 290 09
50,000 230 14 320 17 270 08
55,000 180 14 200 09 220 ly
60,000 110 16 360 05 080 17
65,000 090 22 100 15 090 23
70,000 080 29 oho 08 080 26
75,000 100 38 100 32 080 38
80,000 090 36 090 YL 080 Wy
85 ,0CO 090 55 090 56 LOO 57
90 ,000 090 60 090 61 090 57
92,000 --- -- --- -- 080 15
95 ,000 090 Th 090 69

100,000 090 81 090 81

105 ,000 090 oh 080 89

210,000 090 69 080 102

114,000 090 69 080 102 --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok
Ysland (Rongerik AtelL).

117


400 771-777 TI | Tot IT
360 pop pp +—
rT 50 4
L —+ BIKAR 4
("SSS 1
93.3,
320 UTinIK, eU.
r ATOLLM RES Ag 4
L ATOLL 4
280
= ee ee 4
240
Cc 7
e | 4
2 L 4
=
100
ra
S | 4
BOL 4
aoe 500 aw Naracem
- sol Lt -
3 160 PS
E HENS
& - 4
° b Joo “" h- _--8 4
3 1080. - 4
5 - e--f Vif 305” 2
2 (= 2001 SO5 ST RONGELAP
°o f- UL--P i 1951 ——" ATOLL 74
L eo 3 ip p32 4
e 2420
1 316s 4
80 ‘AICINGINKE |
| \ / ATOLL
L sto 7
40
°
= j 4
- Hl | 4
ao Letitia tarry apa pire dt parr dit
160 120 80 40 0 40 80 120
Distance From GZ,Stotute i4iles
Figure 41 Operation CASTLE - Bravo.

Off-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour (NRDL).


TABLE 46 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPFRATION HARDTACK I — SYCAMORE

Altitude hour W+3 hours +9 hours
(MSL) Dir Opesd Dir cpeed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 12 100 1 070 21
1,000 110 22 090 21 080 22
2,000 100 23 090 22 080 2k
3,000 110 28 090 2h 080 25
4,000 110 2h 100 23 090 23
5,000 110 18 110 22 080 18
6,000 110 at 110 18 090 u
7,000 100 17 110 18 100 15
8,000 100 o7 100 18 100 15
9,000 10 uw 100 17 090 20

10,000 120 cu 110 16 lio wW

12,000 120 16 110 16 130 16

14,000 080 15 090 B 100 17

15,000 (080) (13) (070) (3) (090) (15)

16,000 090 12 050 2 080 us

18,000 120 13 100 09 120 o7

20,000 130 18 140 12 100 02

23,000 160 10 130 aa 090 08

25,000 140 23 100 1b o10 16

30,000 010 09 oho 13 060 13

33,000 270 06 e+ - o-- --

34,000 = -- --- -- 120 10

35,000 (260) (12) 280 1T (140) (13)

40,000 220 26 230 23 230 23

45,000 230 ek (255) (17) 300 25

50,000 280 18 280 12 270 08

53,000 eee -- 080 06 --- --

55,000 (150) (30) (080) (10) 060 16

57,000 100 35 --- -- -2- --

60,000 120 26 120 22 100 20

65,000 080 16 --- -- =~ --

66,000 --- -- 060 30 --- --

70,008 100 2k ogo 31 090 29

75,000 38 woe -- --- --

80,000 55 53 090 53

81,000 58 -- --- --

85,000 -- -- 090 41

90,000 -- 59 080 16)

91,000 -- 59 --- --

94,000 --- -- -- 080 6

NOTES:

T. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken on board ship located within 30 nautical
miles of the Tower on Nan Island, Bikini Atoll.

3. Tropopause height was 55,000 rt MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.62 psi, the temperature 28.6°C,
the dew point 74°F and the relative humidity 73%.

232


HELEN
TRENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
EDNA
DAISY
CLARA
BELLE LP *
ALICE, x,

ENIWETOK ATOLL

oO 1 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES 0.

LEROY

FRED

&y

Figure 91. Operation REDWING - Inca.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+1 hour.

HENRY GLENN

150


Distance From GZ, Statute Miles

Sor T PVTT PTT eT TTT TTT TTT Tt TTT TT TT TIYTT
L 4
25 —4
t- 5 4
- 4
20
isk —
10 ZZ 2
5 “4
0
} 4
5}—
LE am
tol Lo [oe en oe ae (eee Oe ey ee Ll itp Lit
20 15 10 5 ce) 10 15 20 25

Figure 48.

5
Distance From GZ, Statute Miles

Operation CASTLE - Koon.
On-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Oak

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
TATE: 29 June 1958 28 June 1955
TIME: 0730 1930 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - 3 mi
SW of Alice
TOTAL YIELD: g.9 Mt 11° 36" 28" N
162° 06' 28" E
Site elevati Sea level
FIREBALL DATA: Water depth: 13 f
Time to lst minimum: NM
Time to 2nd maximum: 2.98 sec HEIGHT BUR 6.5 ft

Radius at Ond maximum: NM

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACE

CRATER DATA: Surface burst
Diameter: 4,400 ft water
Depth: 183 ft

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD BO!

78,000 ft MSL
iT: NM

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+h hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land the
aircraft at a desired spot, sc that a ground reading could be optained
or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation of 25 feet.
Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to
obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground reading. The basic
instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter
modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-?*? decay approximation was
used to extrapolate the Hts hour dose-rate readings to H+l hour.

266


GENE

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA

ALVIN

BRUCE

ENIWETOK ATOLL CLYDE

OPERATION SANDSTONE
SHOT LOCATIONS
AVID.

fe eae aoe

LeRoy__ o t 23 4°55

ELMER
STATUTE MILES

KEITH

FRED

WENRY  gLeNn

Figure 7. Operation SANDSTONE, Shot Locations.

13


TABLE 45 ENIWETOK WIND DNTA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — TOBACCO

Altitude H-} hour H¥3 hours 197 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speca fir opeed
feet degrees mph degrees mpn degrees: mph

Surface 080 wy 080 23 120 28
1,000 080 2k 080 25 090 ah
2,000 080 36 080 29 100 28
3,000 090 al 090 29 110 30
4,000 090 16 090 26 120 25
5,000 090 uy 100 22 130 22
6,000 090 17 100 22 1h4o £2
7,000 090 22 110 al 140 2€
8,000 100 21 pate) 16 130 29
9,000 110 18 110 16 120 32

10,000 130 20 110 20 110 33

12,000 rho 14 120 09 100 29

14,000 130 10 130 o7 120 19

15,000 (130) (11) (130) (06) (120) (23)

16,000 140 13 130 05, 120 09

18,000 120 12 1Lo 02 120 10

20,000 120 we 120 02 110 17

23,000 130 an 1ko 05 120 18

25 ,000 120 12 130 or 150 16

30,000 190 o7 200 08 210 o7

35,000 ako 15 230 12 210 cg

40,000 200 1T 220 us 210 26

45,000 200 17 220 25 230 26

50,000 230 1T 230 18 270 12

55,000 290 o7 220 05 2ko 08

60,000 070 08 070 13 100 18

65,000 130 ak 140 18 160 12

70,000 110 ly O70 23 070 ak

75,000 090 35 090 37 090 38

80,000 090 48 100 55 5T

85,000 100 68 100 6& 69

90,000 100 69 100 69 71

94,000 — -- --- -- 71

95,000 100 1 090 69 --

100,000 100 77 090 69 --

105 ,000 100 T2 100 76 --

110,000 090 1T --- -- --

118,000 090 95 --- -- a --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 28.9°C,
the dew point 75°F, and the relative humidity 744.

228


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*RIO¥OTH - T NOWIGHWH uoTzeradg + LST amaqa

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nN
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Toa] w300u 6 BOLdIA’
Onin b'O evens: BL AVIA:
eam Pp
Oll awn: 3004
ww
OAvuS.

271

2)
you © wue32:

ow
\ walt
‘

poss

N

Taw INDIe


TABLE 59 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I— DOGWOOD

Altitude Ho} hour W457 hours HOT hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 18 090 18 080 16

1,000 080 20 080 17 080 16

2,000 080 2h 090 20 070 18

3,000 090 25 100 17 070 21

4,000 090 eh 100 15 080 al

5,000 090 20 100 15 080 16

6,000 090 17 100 15 090 1h

7,000 080 20 100 uy 090 15

8,000 080 17 080 wy 090 15

9,000 oT0 18 080 YT 080 wb

10,000 080 20 090 7 090 uw

12,000 100 16 090 18 100 1b

14,000 100 4 100 20 120 17

15,000 (200) (7) (100) (20) (230) (16)

16,000 100 aL 110 22 150 15

18,000 100 22 110 21 120 22

20,000 100 18 110 17 120 20
23,000 100 12 100 23 110 26
25,000 100 RB 090 ah 100 29
30,000 120 21 080 30 140 20
35,000 130 18 160 18 160 al
40,000 190 38 180 22 160 25
45,000 210 ho 200 29 140 38
50,000 280 15 250 al 2h0 15
55,000 290 7 160 09 eho 05
60,000 030 10 090 18 080 20
65,000 050 22 090 2k - --
70,000 050 Ay 090 38 --
75,000 050 ko 100 ho --

000 -- 100 5h --
85,000 -- 100 59 --
90,000 os -- 090 76 ~
95,000 -- -- 100 92 --
100,000 “+ - 100 101 --
105,000 --- -- 090 234 --

Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.63 psi, the temperature 27.4°C,
the dew point 77°F, and the relative humidity 85%.

284


TABLE 37 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — FIR

Altitude He hour H+/h hours.

(MSL) Dir Speed Dir

feet degrees mph degrees

Surface 070 25 o70 25

1,000 070 26 060 26

2,000 080 26 070 26

3,000 080 22 080 26

4,000 090 26 090 29

5,000 090 36 100 30

6,000 110 26 100 29

7,000 130 23 110 als

8,000 130 ir 110 18

9,000 150 17 130 18

10,000 170 15 150 16

12,000 120 08 190 OT

14,000 110 08 220 wy

15,000 (090) (2) (170) (20)

16,000 O70 lb 120 07

18,000 060 oT 140 06

20,000 050 O7 160 03

23,000 090 05, 200 0

25,000 130 06 220 06

30,000 280 2G 280 ly

35 ,000 (255) (34) (250) (28)

40,000 230 ig 220 ho

45 ,000 2ko 56 (250) (39)

50,000 260 ks 280 39

54,000 280 26 --- --

55,000 (270) (23) (200) (25)

56,000 --- -- 180 12

60,000 210 05 290 08

64,000 --- -- 080 09 --- --

65,000 (120) (12) (190) (13) (110) (22)

67,000 360 06 oe -- --- --

70,000 oho 20 090 qT 090 13

75 ,000 080 26 (090) (22) (090) (26)

80,000 120 26 090 26 090 20

85,000 110 ho --- -- oe --

88 ,000 --- -- = - 100 53
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Wind data was taken on board ship located within 30 nautical
miles of the Tower at Nan Island, Bikini Atoll.
3. Tropopause height was 54,000 ft MSL.
4. The surface air pressure was 14.64 psi, the temperature 26.7°C,
the dew point 73.0°F, and the relative humidity 80%.

195


HELEN
IRENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA

ALVIN
x
4 eruce
ENIWETOK ATOLL , L-cwvoe
AID.
ce) ' 2 3 4 5
1 STATUTE MILES
ELMER

FRED

NENRY GLENN

Figure 173. Operation HARDIACK I — Pine.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

304


WARN 22 BNIWNTOK WIND DATA FOR OL OLON REDWING + IRI

Altitude jichowr WO hours
SL) Dir 5 Dir Speed
feet degree laph degrees mpn
Surface 100 16 090 12
1,000 100 28 090 23
2,000 100 28 090 23
3,000 100 23 2 090 22
4,000 100 2) PA 090 20
5,000 090 20 L 090 16
6,000 090 16 1 100 LT
"7,000 080 10 110 o7 100 16
8,000 100 08 110 06 100 16
g, 000 100 17 090 OT 110 16
10,000 080 05 ogo. 08 120 uy
12,000 100 06 100 06 120 05
14,000 090 09 090 ov 120 09
15 ,000 (080) (10) (090) (09) (100) (07)
16,000 080 10 090 13 080 06
18 ,000 ovo 1h 090 13 080 12
20,000 360 OT 110 or 080 OT
25 ,000 260 15 200 20 280 09
30,000 250 22 250 eh 230 ly
35,000 2ho bh ey eB eho 30
40,000 280 37 270 Aq 280 38
45 ,000 280 36 270 ho 260 38
50,000 260 38 250 4] eho 39
55,000 320 18 300 12 270 ah
60,600 080 2 090 13 10 o7
65 ,000 090 26 080 2h 080 als
70,000 100 33 120 32 110 32
75,000 100 Le) 100 Wy 100 4h
80,000 100 72 090 68 120 62
85 ,060 090 79 090 98 120 72
90 ,000 90 Th 110 83 100 78
gh ,000 090 TT oot -- ooo -*
95,000 woe -- 100 vai 100 80
96,000 100 78 --- --
1.00 ,000 wee -- 120 88
102,000 --- = oe -- 120 93
NOTES:
1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Tropopause height was 54,100 ft MSL. (teference 149).
3. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Fniwetok lsland.

4, At W-hour the sea level pressure was 1009.1 mb, the temperature
80.3°F, the dew point 73.5°R and the relative humidity 80.2%.

126


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Juniper

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: UCRL
22 July 1958 22 July 1958
1620 0420 SITE: PPG - Bikini - 4,000 ft

from west end cf Tare
11° 29' 6" ON
165° 22' 15" E

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 12.11 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst trom barge
CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 40,000 ft MSL on water
CLOUD BOTTOM HAIGHT: 2h,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at Ith hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot cither to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor of 2
in order to cbtain a reasonabl: approximation or the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39
survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. Tne t-)*? decay approxi-
mation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose-rate readings to H+l
hour.

295


MOT REDWING = Flathead

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We Jun ivbo Bhd
5 1826

JASL

Sponsor:

PPG - Bikini - 5,000 ft south
of Dog

Le 36" 00" ON

165° e7' OO"

Site clevation: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 15 iu

water; cents

approx. 1D ve surface

of wate e depth Lib ft
cLouD To} I 65,700 ft MSL
CLOU : 38,600 ft MOL

Re

The on-site fallout patter was drawn from island readings taken
by scientific projects supplemented by fallout sample collection on
rafts and barges in the lagoon. Actual field decay measurements, which
indicated a decay exponent were used to extrapolate the
dosc-rate readings to H+] hour.

The off-site fallout pattern was drawn from occanosraphic surveys.
The oceanographic surveys used detector probes for measuring the dose-
rate at depths to and below the thermocline. Water-sampling, equipment
was used for the taking of surface samples and for the collection of
samples from any desired depth. The dose-rate rcidirgs were extrapolated
to 14]. hour by using the decay measurements of the samples -ollected.
Very little of the fallout should have been associated with solid
particles large enough to penetrate below the thermocline.

132


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Walnut

PPG T. MT. Sponsor: LASL
15 Jun 1958 1b Tun 1958
0630 1830 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - 5,000 ft
SW of Janet
11° 39' 37" ON

162° 13' 31" &

Site elevation: Sea level
HEIGHT OF BURST: 7.21 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst trom targe

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 61,000 ft MSL on water
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT: 1M
REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+4 hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading cc:1ld be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 05 feet were multiplied by a factor of
2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t7?*?
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose-rate
readings to H+l hour.

250


TABLE

NOTES:

35 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I —

Altitude H-hour
(MSL) Dir Speed
feet degrees mph
Surface obo 16
1,000 050 29
2,000 050 35
3,000 070 36
4,000 130 09
5 000 350 12
6,000 360 14
7,000 150 15
8,000 190 12
9,000 210 09
10,000 230 06
12,000 350 12
14,000 320 15
15,000 (320) (15)
16,000 330 16
18,000 300 15
20,000 260 o7
23,000 210 15
25 ,000 eho 18
30,000 200 13
35,000 210 32
40,000 270 uy
45 ,000 270 51
50,000 270 4o
59 3000 270 38
60,000 280 33
65,000 250 18
70,000 070 15
75,000 180 09

Numbers in parentheses gre estimated values.

Wind data was taken on board ship located within 30

YUCCA

nautical miles of the Tower at Nan Island, Bikini Atoll.
Tropopause height was 53,000 ft MSL.

At H-hour the surface air pressure was 14.67 psi, the

temperature 25.7°C, the dew point 69.6°F, and the relative

humidity 75%.


OPERATION DOMINIC - Star Fish Prime

__Locr ___ GMT SPONSOR: DOD
8 Jul 1962 9 Jul 1962
2200 0900 sim Johnston Island

16° 28' 06.32" N

TOTAL YIELD: 1.4 Mt 169° 37' 48.27" W

PLEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF } 249 miles

F BURST. AND PLAC

sh altitude, from Thor
missile

REMARKS :

This event was conducted as a part of the Fish Bowl Series.

OPERATION DOMINIC - Sunset
LOCT Gur. SPONSOR: LASL
10 Jul 1962 10 Jul 1962
0633 1633 SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-17

Si ELEVAT Sea Level

HEIGH? OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean

328


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72


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Linden

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: LASL
18 Jun 1956 18 Jun 1958
1500 0300 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - West of
Yvonne, 4,000 ft from
the island

11° 32" 39" ON

162° 21' 23" §£
Site elevation: Sea level
Water depth: 33 Ft

HEIGHT OF BURST: 8.25 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst from barge on
water

CLOUD TOP_HeIGHT
CLOUD _BOTTC!

20,000 ft MSL
NM

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization
at Ht+h hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircrart at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired
spot at an elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were
multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approxi-
mation of the true ground reading. The basic instrument used in
the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up
to 500 r/hr. The t-!*? decay approximation was used to extrapolate
the Ht hour dose-rate readings to H+l hour.

254


Sponsor: LASL

SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-12

Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: LRL,

SITE: Christmas Island, GZ--10

SITE

TIO} Sca Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACE!
Air (parachute drop),
over Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: LRL

OPERATION DOMINIC - Encino
LOCT GH
DAT 12 Nay 1962 12 May 1962
TIME: 0702 1702
s
OPERATION DOMINIC - Swanee
LOT GMT
14 Nay 1962 14 May 1962
0521 1521
OPERATION DOMINIC - Chetco
Loct GMT
19 May 1962 19 May 1962
0536 1536

323

SITE: Christmas Island, 62-10
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACENENT:
Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean



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Cloud Top Height —>

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Lisi re iit

TTTTTTTT TI

2
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TTTTTTIIT T

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Bottom Height 4

ALi tis iit

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Cloud Height (MSL) and Diameter, 10°Ft.

C | I PS q
3 _4- Zz MN
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Time, Minutes
Figure 17. Cloud Dimensions: Operation GREENHOUSE -

30



OPERATION HARDTACK I - Magnolia

PPG Time Gur Sponsor: LASL
DATE: 27 May 1958 26 May 1958
TIME: 0600 1800 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of

Yvonne, 3,000 ft from
the nearest edge of the
island
11° 32" 3k" ON
1620 21' 1k" £

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 13.88

TYPE OF BURST AND PLAC.
Surface burst from barge cn

water
CLOUD TOP 1
CLOUD EOTICM 7

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization at
H+4 hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either
to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading
could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an
elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by
a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true
ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was
the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-}+3
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose-rate
readings to H+l hour.

222


OPERATION REDWING - LaCrosse

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
5 May 195€ H May 1956
0625 1825 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Yvonne

12° 33' 28" N
162° 21' 18" E
TOLAL YIKLD: 40 kt Site elevation: Sea Level

FLREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: 18 to 34 msec TYPE OF BURS

Time to 2nd maximum: 190 to 254 msec Surface burst from platform on
Radius at 2nd maximum: 872.5 ft coral soil
CRATER DATA: CLOUD TOP GH:
z Loh £t 30,000 ft (Ref 105)
Uh ft 40,000 ft MSL (Ref 112)
15 ft
CLOUD BOTTOM iT

22,000 ft MST, (Fef 105)

13,000 ft MSL (Ret 112)

REMARKS:

The dose-rates shown for the islands of the stoll are based upon
ground and aerial surveys mde by the Radiological Sufety organization
and by Project 2.65. The dose-rate readings in the immediate environment
of the crater were calculated from survey readings at low tide on Dtl
day and Dt2 days, after the reef around the crater had been flushed by
at least two high tides. The measured field gamma decay exponent

was used to extrapolate the readings to H+] hour. The ove reading,
which gave an H+] hour dose rate of 57,000 r/bhr was uniquely high and
may have been due to one of the extremely radioactive, partially fused,
pieces of metal scattered about. near the crater.

101


TABLE 7 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION GREENHOUSE — EASY

Altitude H-33 hours H-hour H+25 hours H+85 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 050 16 060 16 070 17 070 20
5,000 100 09 080 13 O70 16 090 06

10,000 O70 08 090 06 100 05 200 wy

14,000 210 03 oo- -- 220 o7 210 OT

15,000 --- -- 2ho 06 (230) (07) (230) (08)

16,000 280 O7 — -- 250 O7 260 10

20,000 310 03 330 ob 360 05 Calm Calm

25,000 320 B 350 B 300 08 310 22

30,000 260 20 270 28 270 15 270 40

35,000 270 28 280 31 280 35 270 46

40,000 280 3e 280 37 280 Lo 270 ie)

45,000 260 35 270 38 260 37 2ho 28

50,000 270 28 260 32 260 30 250 30

55,000 350 35 2ho 23 340 12 230 06

60,000 330 15 330 15 --- -- --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. H-hour values were determined by interpolating between t
and H+2} hour values.

3. Tropopause height was 53,000 ft MSL at H-hour.

4, At H-hour at a pressure of 1,000 mb the temperature was 25°C and
the dew point 21°C.

H-33

37


TABLE 50 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I - ASPEN

Altitude H+E hour H492 hours We" hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir opeed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 050 al 060 21 060 23
1,000 070 22 060 22 070 ek
2,000 080 el 060 22 O70 ok
3,000 090 al o70 22 070 22
4,000 090 21 2k 070 2k
5,000 090 20 25 070 ak
6,000 100 22 -- 090 22
7,000 110 22 -- 090 12
8,000 110 22 a= -- 080 23
9,000 120 23 100 22 080 21

10,000 110 1h 100 22 080 17

12,00¢ 110 16 100 13 090 17

14 ,000 120 10 110 15 090 15

15,000 (110) (12) (210) (26) (090) (16)

16,000 110 13 110 1T 090 18

18,000 120 13 110 15 090 1?

20,000 120 13 120 18 090 17

23,000 140 21 120 17 100 15

25 ,000 150 23 130 21 120 18

30,000 160 26 240 23 130 23

35 ,000 170 29 (140) (26) (150) (2h)

37,000 --- -- 140 28 --- --

4,0 ,000 150 26 200 33 170 25

44 ,000 --- -- — -- 180 46

45 ,000 160 23 --- -- --- --

50,000 190 30 190 28 200 20

54,000 100 1s --- -- - --

55,000 (210) (13) (210) (18) (150) (2)

56,000 --- -- — -- 110 10

57,000 --- -- o70 15 --- --

60,000 150 08 060 17 100 20

62,000 060 20 --- -- --- --

64,000 --- -- -- 110 08

66,000 o-- -- 38 —_ --

70,000 23 060 23

73,000 45 boa --

78,000 -- 080 48

89,000 --- -- -- 110 ST

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken on board ship located within 30 nautical
miles of the Tover at Nan, Bikini Atoll.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

i. The surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature 27.4°C,
the dew point 74°F, and the relative humidity 78%.

248


640

600

560

520

480
\

440
1000. \
400] BY pp?

360} \

w
n
i}

ny
2
io]

y
s
fe}

Distance From GZ, Yards
8 8 8

\
160 \
\ \
\

\
4 \ted ]]
Las?
40) =o —
80 "
if
120f-—

160
320 280 240 200 160 120 60 40 0 40 80 120 160
Distance From GZ, Ya.ds

Figure 175. Operation HARDIACK I - Quince.
Alpha contamination in micrograms per square meter.

309


TABLE 49 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — MAPLE

Altitude Ts hour WO" hours H+IOT hours

(MSL) Dir Epeed Dir, Upeed bir

feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 080 25 oho 25 050 al
1,000 080 23 o70 22 o70 23
2,000 080 ak 070 20 070 23
3,000 080 23 080 17 080 21
4,000 100 22 090 uy 090 20
5,000 110 22 120 lt 100 20
6,000 120 22 iho 20 110 16
7,000 130 18 150 18 100 13
8,000 140 20 150 18 110 09
9,000 130 20 1ho 16 110 1

10,000 130 18 130 20 110 wu
12,000 100 2k 120 20 u 13
14,000 080 a1 bo ak 120 18
15,000 (080) (22) (1h) (21) (130) (20)
16,000 080 ek 140 18 130 20
18,000 140 29 120 ak 150 13
20,000 140 28 130 26 0 1s
23,000 130 al ho 15 120 20
25,000 190 10 190 08 330 18
30,000 270 20 280 09 280 18
35 ,000 250 38 (285) (27) (285) (a7)
40,000 270 33 290 25 290 17
45,000 310 ok (315) (2k) 350 26
50,000 330 20 340 23 350 ak
54,000 070 03 = -- = --
55,000 (080) (06) (350) (06) (250) (o7)
56,000 --- -- 350 02 230 O7
60,000 100 4 130 13 360 08
63,000 e+ -- -- 100 22
65,000 070 33 -- --- -
70,000 090 el 25 080 2k
75,000 090 32 -- s+ --
80,000 090 58 56 090 60
83,000 --- -- --- -- 100 61
81, ,000 --- -- 090 56 --- --
85,000 090 69 --- -- --
90,000 090 719 os -- --- --

NOTES:

I. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken on board ship located within 30 nautical
miles of the Tower at Nan, Bikini Atoll.

3. ‘Tropopause height was 53,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure vas 14.66 psi, the temperature
27.0°C, the dew point 74°F, and the relative humidity 81%.

244



TABL! 30 ENTWHKOK WIND DATA FOR OPhivuPLON MOMAWK
~_Hie3 hours Tenour TS hours IHG hours
Dir Specd Diz Speed Dir peed 1 peed
feet degree mph degrees mph degrees  inph degrees mph
Surface 130 28 130 21 ho 18 130 18
1,000 110 2k 1ic 18 090 18 ose) 20
2,000 110 al 120 23 100 23 030 el
3,000 100 26 110 26 120 25 090 23
4,000 100 22 110 30 120 25 090 23
5,000 110 20 110 37 120 26 100 23
6,000 110 23 120 35 120 al 110 23
7,000 090 22 120 ras) 110 16 130 ek
8,000 ogo 20 120 22 100 18 120 26
9,000 090 16 100 16 100 18 120 26
10,006 080 15 060 15 090 16 100 25
12,000 o7u 12 O70 18 060 18 ovo 16
1,000 oko OT 050 18 630 1y 050 4
15,000 aoe -- (020) (16) (010), (17) (020) (13)
16,000 090 09 350 Uy 350 17 360 13
18,000 12 10 280 09 O70 08 020 09
20,000 140 20 210 03 030 12 070 10
25 ,000 270 10 160 06 130 ov 220 is
30 ,000 260 29 150 Vt 196 20 210 22
35,000 eho 36 180 2h 200 32 220 32
40,000 2k0 54 230 32 220 Ah 220 38
45,000 250 51 250 45 240 40 230 35
50,000 270 32 270 32 260 32 250 25
55,900 170 09 160 08 150 O7 150 18
60,000 2100 10 100 20 110 29 090 eh
65,000 we -- woe -- 090 35 100 38
70 ,,0GO -- -- 100 48 100 NS
75,000 -- -- 100 5h 100 52
80,000 n+ os 100 65 100 56
82,000 -- -- a -- 100 56
85,000 -- -- 100 61 one --
99,000 wee -- -- 090 Th oes --
95 ,000 -- - 090 19 --
100,090 -- -- 090 88 --
102,000 --- -- — -- 090 88 --- --
nor

1. Nuwubers in parentheses are estimtcd values.
2. Tropopause height was 56,600 ft MS].
3. Wind data was obtuined by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.
4. Hehour values interpolated for 45,000 ft and above from H-3 hours
and it3 hours data.
5. At the surface the air pressure was Wi.Gh poi, the temperature 26.5°C, the
dew point 22.8°C and the relative hunidity 81%.

162



TABLE 62 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPHRATION HARDTACK I — JUNIPER

Altitude Wy hour W7q hours SL hours
(MSL) Dir F Dir Speca Dir oped
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 080 16 100 09 OT
1,000 080 18 100 1 13
2,000 090 20 100 16 us
3,000 100 al 110 17 ws
4,000 100 21 110 1T wy
5,000 100 20 110 ly 15
6,000 110 18 110 18 17
7,000 110 16 100 20 20
8,000 110 B 090 18 18
9,000 110 09 090 17 15

10,000 110 10 080 16 15

12,000 120 13 090 16 16

14,000 120 16 090 16 16

15,000 (120) (15) (090) (17) (16)

16,000 130 us 100 18 16

18,000 130 15 100 15 13

20,000 130 18 110 18 12

23,000 130 el 120 20 10

25,000 140 22 140 09 09

30,000 140 16 150 o7 06

35 ,000 150 12 300 02 12

40,000 310 12 310 ub 10

45,000 090 10 070 L 13

50,000 120 12 120 09 09

55 ,000 230 o7 320 03 OT

60,000 080, 31 090, 38 36

65 ,000 090 36 080 32 --

70,000 100 48 080 38 --

75,000 090 51 090 AL --

80,000 080 63 080 63 --

85,000 090 67 090 79 --

90,000 080 6 090 98 --

95,000 080 76 090 21 --- --

100,000 090 78 oo -- --- --

105,000 090 80 --- -- --- --

NOTES:

I. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Weather observations were made using the standard rawinsonde
system on Nan Island (Bikini Atoll) adjacent to the Nan Tower.
Additional data was taken on board destroyers.

3. Tropopause height was 51,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.64 psi, the temperature 30.8°C,
the dew point 78.9°F, and the relative humidity 76%.

297


NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

NECTAR

z

LAGOON

ENIWETOK ATOLL g_£-CLYDE
OPERATION CASTLE
SHOT LOCATIONS DAVID

ot 2 3 4 «5 ELMER
STATUTE MILES

FRED

HENAY

Figure 38. Operation CASTLE, Shot Locations.

62


TABLE 54 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I - ELDER

Altitude H-3 hour Ht+53 hours H+11S hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir
feet degrees mph deprees mph derrces mph
Surface 080 ek 090 17 100 16
1,000 070 26 070 23 100 26
2,000 070 26 090 ak 100 26
3,000 080 2k 100 2k 100 2
4,000 090 22 100 22 100 26
5,000 090 22 100 ah 100 26
6,000 100 22 110 28 100 26
7,000 120 23 110 23 100 26
8,000 130 el 110 2 100 26
9,000 130 22 100 ak 100 30
10,000 120 20 110 26 100 31
12,000 090 20 100 22 100 26
14,000 090 18 100 22 100 26
15,000 (100) (27) (100) 22) (100) (16)
16,000 110 16 100 22 100 06
18,000 120 13 120 22 080 33
20,000 110 16 120 22 (060) (20)
23,000 110 16 120 T 100 18
25 ,000 090 15 100 ub 110 23
30,000 230 16 180 al ho 28
3h. ,000 --- -- 160 38 --- --
35,000 190 33 (160) (37) 140 31
40,000 180 aT 160 29 190 26
45,000 180 23 (220) (21) eho 07
50,000 180 23 280 13 150 13
53,000 --- -- 180 13 --- --
55,000 120 13 (160) (14) 270 30
60,000 100 26 100 18 110 23
65,000 100 28 --- -- 090 47
70,000 060 46 100 48 090 56
75,000 100 47 oe -- 090 56
80,000 090 61 090 62 090 61
85 ,000 090 67 --- -- 090 Th
90,000 090 93 100 87 090 87
95 ,000 090 90 aoe -- 090 90
100,000 --- -- 100 105 --- --
105 ,000 -- 100 117 --- --
110,000 -- 100 107 --- --
116,000 --- -- 100 90 --- --
NOTES:

stimated values.
wetok weather station.

1. Numbers in parentheses are

Wind data was taken by the

Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

The s air pressure was 14.63 psi, the temperature 27.4°C, the
dow point Th°F, and the relative humidity 78%.

264

wn



OPERATION HARDIACK I~ Koa

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: LASL
13 May 1958 12 May 1958
0630 1830 PPG - Eniwetok - West

end of Gene

TOTAL YIRLD: 1.37 Mt 11° bo" 30" ON
1620 12' 20"
Site elevation: Sea level
FIREBALL, DATA:

Time to lst minimum: 100 msec HEIGHT OF BURST: 3 ft
Time to 2nd maximum: 0.94 to 1.35 sec
Radius at Gnd maximum: 3,641 ft TYPE OF BURST AND PLACHEMNT:
Surface burst from 10 ft deep
CRATER TATA: tank of water sitting on coral
Diameter: 4,000 ft soil

Depth: 171 ft
Lip: Apparently washed away 72,200 ft MSL
NM

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were cbtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+ hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot cither to land
tue aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an clevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor of
2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-1-?
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+) hour dose rate
readings to H+l hour.

201


IRENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL g-2—CLYDE
AVID.
Oo t 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES
LEROY ELMER
KEITH
vAMES —___—"
FRED
tRWIN
HENRY GLENN
Figure 171. Operation HARDIACK I - Olive.

Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

300


OVERATLON RERWING -

__PPG Tine _ GMT
LO Jun 1 YO Tun 1956 Sponsor: LASL
131 ok

SITE: PRG - Eniwetok - Yvonne
“uae 32" kB" ON
162° 21" 39" §
Site elevation: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 670 + 35 f%

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACHMENT:
Air burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP J :
CLOUD ROTI

REMARKS: No significant contamination was observed.

146


OPERATION GREENHOUSE - Easy

PPG time GMT. Sponsor: LASL
DATE: 21 Apr 1951 20 Apr 1951
TIME: 0627 1827 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Janet

11° 40" «08" ON
162° kt a5" E
Site elevation: Sea level
TOTAL YIELD: 47 kt
HEIGHT OF BURST: 300 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: 19 to 29.5 msec
Time to 2nd maximum: 200 to 230 msec
Radius at 2nd maximum: NM

CLOUD TOP _HETG 41,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM

IGHT: 30,000 fi MSL

CRATER DATA: Diameter: 836 ft
Depth: 2.4 ft

REMARKS:

The fallout readings on the shot island were obtained by the
Radiological Safety organization at H+28 hours and corrected to
H+] hours, using the t-!*? decay approximation. Dose rates
shown for other islands are based upon daily surveys made to
determine field decay rates. Readings were made 1 meter above
the ground with gamma ionization chambers. The values shown
were corrected to Ht+l hour by extrapolating from the experimental
decay curves. There was a wind shear at about 15,000 feet.

33


“OTTTT] TT Ityitt ty itity itt ty
350} a
[— Bikar 4
~ 4
pilus 4
300 Lj
4
Rikuraru
250)
: | +
= 10 7
: | :
2 200
£ 4
° =
3 4
E isc Rongerk | [|
ir | 4
© -4
2 “4
5 =
z a Rongelap] |
50] | Wotho __|
to)
sltititiirtiispi tre tr tri ii)
100 30 0 30 100 150

Distance Fiom GZ, Statute Miles

Figure 40. Operation CASTLE - Bravo.
Off-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour (APSWP).

65


675

72.5
175 62.5
$7.5
52.5¢
SCALE
4750
0 20 40 60
miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr
42.50
37.5

Figure 115. Hodograph for Operation HARDTACK I - Yucca.

188


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saadtune - I MOVIGUYH UoTyetedg *69T aansty

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Zz \

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guy seve
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wer
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194


SCALE

O 20 40 60
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

ar YH
A} s - jour
625 57. 2

Figure 174. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Pine.

306


NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

MACK YVONNE
ma 1500-4800 —
® 202
e.
oscar
LAGOON awn
or
Sp pruce
a)
j
ENIWETOK ATOLL sf CLYDE
comm DAVID
o 1 2 4
STATUTE MILES
LEROY___ ELMER
KEITH

vAMES ——____-

tawin ———~

HENRY gt enn

Figure 65. Operation REDWING - Lacrosse.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+1 hour.

102


GENE
HELEN
IRENE.

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

YVONNE
a

Noscaa
LAGOON
ENIWETOK ATOLL ) f—cwoe
|__-DaviD
Oo i} 2 3 4 5

STATUTE MILES

LEROY___ > ELMER
Reference No. 108

KEITH

HENRY GLENN

Figure 100. Operation REDWING - Apache.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+] hour.

165


Sponsor: LASL

st PPG - Eniwetok - Yvonne
11° 32" ko" ON
162 21! 52"
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

300 ft

TOWER OF BURST AND PIACH!

32,000 ft MSL
WwIGHL: 10,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only island dosec-raute readings are available. These were obtained
from aerial and ground surveys made by the Radiological Safety
organization at H+ hours. The t7*? decay approximation was used
to extrapolate the duse-rate readings to H+l hour. Islands north of
Yvonne in the atoll were only slightly contaminated.

124


2.5 62.5
H+ "p Hour S

SCALE
lootiitiri)
0 20 40 60

miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

1 2.5
H+l2/ § —)—
Figure 146. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Aspen.

249


*aB10a

- HSNOHNHGHD uoTyetedg soz syderZopoy + Sz amn3tq

44/743 000G:8104 asiy
sojiw
o9 Ob O02 O

31V9S

9+H

sus
2s S22

S 2p,

Sib

sie sz

43


Yankee

OPERATION CASTLE

PRG time GMI Sponsor: LASL
hy 1904 Wy May Joo}
1810 ort PRG - Bikini - near Dog &

Fox
uae 39! 56" N
165° 23 13"

TOTAL YIELD: 13.5 Mt Site Clevation: Seu level

HEIGHT OF DURST: 7 ft

CLOUD ‘TOP _VEIGHE

110,000 ft }
: 61,300 ft
? AND PLACEMENT:

t from barge on water

TYPE OF BUR!
Surface b

REMARKS:

The individual island dose rates were computed from the Dt] day

aerial-survey readings of the Radiological Safety orgar The
various readings were corrected to H+] hour,using the tl? pee

lationship, and extrapolated to 3 ft above the surface, using the air-to-
ground conversion factors determined later for the REDWING Flathead shot
102. The Fox, George, Nan, Oboe, Uncle and William readings were taken

at ground level. All other readings were obtained by acrial survey.

The off-site fallout pattern was documented for the first time by a
combined wa -surface reading, aerial survey, and water-sampling operation.
The dose-rate readings were extrapolated to H+] hour by using actual

decay rates.

85


Cloud Height (MSL) and Diometer, 10° Feet

45 T T T T T T T T
r Cloud Top Height ——~ 4
40 40,000 ft —- 1
bE Va A 4
353 Li
L VY
Sor "4 1
L 4
4
25
/
L / J
20
15
L / J
a, J
t of | — Cloud Diameter ]
to t ¥ 9,000 ft 7
t 1
L f °
S|
rf [\s)
y 1
ol 1 =e 1 4 n n rn 1
° 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 0
Time, Minutes
t
Figure 2. Cloud Dimensions: Operation CROSSROADS - Able.

6


OPERATLON DOMINIC ~ Mesilla
LOcT. GMT. SPONSOR: LASL
9 May 1962 9 May 1962
0701 1701 SI Christmas Island, GZ-10
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC - Muskegon
LOCT GMT.
DATE: 11 May 1962 11 May 1962 SPONSOR: LRL
TIME: 0537 1537
SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-10
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
HEIGHT OF BURST:
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (parachute drop). over
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC - Sword
Fish
PST GMT SPONSOR: DOD
DATE: 11 May 1962 11 May 1962 . .
TIME: 1202 2002 SITE: ~400 miles west of San Diego

REMARKS :

31° 14.7" # 0.3' N
124° 13.3' + 0.3' W

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
DEPTH OF BURST:
WATER DEPTH: 17,100 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Underwater, from anti-
submarine rocket

Figure 189 illustrates the growth and movement of the pool of radio-
activity resulting from the Sword Fish test. The contours from b-day
to D+6 days represent readings in mR/hr at 500 feet above the water surface.

321


PREFACE

This report has been prepared to serve as an unclassified source
of information and data concerning the atmospheric nuclear test program
conducted by the United States prior to 1963. The information contained
herein was reproduced directly from the classified versions of the
DASA 1251 series of reports. The classified material which was deleted
to prepare this report was in accordance with the requirements of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and would not contribute to an understanding
of the radiation interactions with personnel. All fallout plots and
radiation contours are presented exactly as they appeared in the classi-
fied version of DASA 1251.


OPERATION HiARDI'ACK I - Elder

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
TATE: 28 June 1953 27 June 1958
TIME: 0630 1830 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of

Janet 4,000 ft to
nearest edge of island
11° 39' 48" oN
162° 13' 48" E£

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 9.17 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PIACEMENT:

50,000 ft MSL Surface burst from barge on
NM water.

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD BO!

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+ hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at O5 feet were multiplied by a factor of 2
in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true g~ound
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39
survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-*® decay approxi-
mation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose-rate readings to H+l
hour.

262


SCALE

PUAYS ROTA OORATEA CTT OD OTT 275
fe] 5 io tS 20 25 30
mites

22.5 325

Rice rate: 5000 ft/hr

52.5

47.5

42.5

H— Hour
Figure 90. Hodograph for Operation REDWING - Osage

148


GENE
HELEN
{RENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL 2 -curoe
o 1 2.3 4 5 avio
STATUTE MILES
LeRoy. ELMER
hi
KEITH
JAMES ——__—
FRED
IRWIN
HENRY @LENN
Figure 163. Operation HARDPACK I - Dogwood.

Island dose rates in r/hr at H+] hour.

283


100:

TTT T TTT T TT TT TTT T Ti TT TUTqT.
500
oF QIN 5. a
[_ SS (4 100 8
Ruby 7
= as 4
3 to
> [— 4
al — —
g 500 0.1 7]
€ 4
S =
a = =
gob 4
<
21000
# Tilda
3 =
. O15 _
I 0.1 4
1500 - .
zoooLl_| | |_| tit dt Pidittititisyid fit
1000 500 ° 500 1000 1500 2000
Distance From GZ, yards
Figure 23. Operation GREENHOUSE - George. On-site dose

rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.

40


GENE
HELEN
IRENE

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ALICE 7 5 <= OLIVE
i =, RuBY
pearl _S
SALLY
~ ome

RRO OS

2

MACK
a

LAGOON

ENIWETOK ATOLL

DAVID
Oo 1 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES
LEROY___ FP ELMER
. ‘ej
h
KEITH

JAMES ———_—_— Se
h ea”

1RWIN —— Pi

MENRY GLENN

Figure 96. Operation REDWING - Mohawk.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+1 hour.

159


OPERATION CASTLS - Roneo

: GMT: Sponsor: LAST,
Sh 86 Mar Lost
1830 SITE: PPG - Bikini - Shot 1 Crater

we okt ey" ON
165° 16" 23" EB
Site elevation: ¢

TOTAL YIELD: 11 Mt HEIGH? OF BURST: 7 ft

110,000 ft MSL
L8,500 ft MSL

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACHMENT:
Surface burst from barge on water
Water depth: 240 ft

The individusl islaud dose rates were taken from aerial surveys by
the Radiologicul Safety orgsnization and corrected to H+] hour with
the t-2*® decay approximation. The conta stion due to previous
shots was subtracted.

71


OPLRATT ON - Union

VG tine GMT Sponsor: LASL
BO OR By Apr 195W
0605 1604 SITE: PPG - Bikini - near Dog &
Fox
YIELD: 6.9 Mt 1 39! 59" ON

165° 23' 1A" EB
Site elevation: Sea Jevel

7 tt
160 ft

94,000 ft MSL
51,500 ft MSI.

REMA,

The on-cite fallout pattern was drawn from land survey readings made
by technical project personne? and by the Radiological Safety organization,
plus conversion of the activity to dose-rate readings of samples from
fallout collectors. The shol lovution and the winds localized the
radiation levels of military significance to the northeastern portion
of the atoll]. Tne dos -rate readings were cxtrapolated to H+] hour
by using actual field-decay rates.

80


DNA 1251-2-EX

COMPILATION OF LOCAL FALLOUT DATA

-FROM TEST DETONATIONS 1945-1962
EXTRACTED FROM DASA 1251

Volume II -Oceanic U.S. Tests

General Electric Company—TEMPO
DASIAC

816 State Street

Santa Barbara, California 93102

1 May 1979

Extract
"©

CONTRACT No. DNA 001-79-C-0081

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;
DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.

THIS WORK SPONSORED BY THE DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY
UNDER RDT&E RMSS CODE B337079464 PS9QAXDC00809 H2590D.

Prepared for

. DARE
Director ; TRACKING

DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY #16374 :
Washington, D. C. 20305


$2.5

37.8
128 27S 32.6 082.8
¥
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° 2.88 42.8
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32.5 52.5
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208 8

278
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28 +e
178 SCALE
78
res Lubrbrtid
o 2 40 60 6
mILes

RISE RATE 5000 FT/HR

REDWING - Lacrossee

Figure 68- Hodographs for Operation

106


ema] ~ ONIMGZY uotTyersdo Joy syderZopoy -QOIT eandty

¥R/13000$ 3ivu 3S1u

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180

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BNOKH-H



NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

WARY
“ MANCY

OLIVE
RUBY
SALLY

z
Ga

ae NV ONNE,
90—-N\S
@.
oscar
ZONA,
LAGOON ALVIN
\-pruce
: }
ENIWETOK ATOLL _/ CLYDE
- DAVID
Oo ! 23 4 5
STATUTE MILES
LeRov_—
JAMES -————~
IRWIN
HENRY GLENN
Figure 80. Operation REDWING ~ Seminole.

Island dose rates in r/hr at H+ hour.

129


2 0xed - ONIMGHY UoTyereco soz sydeaBopoy gg = aan2Ty
ges
$2s

Slo
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157


UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(When Data Entered)

UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(When Data Entered)



OPERATION HARDTACK I - Cactus

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
DATE: 6 May 1958 5 May 1958
TIME: 0615 1815 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Yvonne
11° 33' 23" N
TOTAL YIELD: 18 kt 162° 21' 15" E
Site elevation: Sea level
FIREBALL DATA: HEIGHT OF BURST: 3 ft
Time to lst minimum: 12 msec
Time to 2nd maximum: 130 msec TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Radius at 2nd maximum: 656 ft Surface burst - Platform on

coral soil
CRATER DATA:
Diameter: 3ho ft CLOUD TOP
Depth: 34.5 ft CLOUD BOT
Lip Height: 8 to 14 ft
Lip Width: 115 to 170 ft

19,000 ft MSL
NM

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys at H+k hours made by the Radiological Safety
organization. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired
spot at an elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were
multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approxi-
mation of the true ground reading. The basic instrument used in
the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read
up to 500 r/hr. The t-!-? decay approximation was used to extrapolate
the H+ hour dose-rate readings to H+l hour.

189


SCALE

te) 5 10
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

5.5

4.5

3.54

2.5¢

1.5¢

0.5¢ s
x

4-1, H+4y,

Figure 126. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Wahoo

209


OPERATION REDWING - Cherokee
PPG time GMP.
2) Mey 1996 0 May 1956

51 1751

REMARKS:

No fallout was observed on the islands
Gamma dose-rate readings on Charlie were at

otserved North of GZ.
background levels.

107

Sponsor: ASL
SITE: PPG - Bikini - 16,009 ft WE

of Charli
11° kot G6" ON
165°

Site clevat

30"
don: Sea level

4,350 4150 fb

HEIGHT OF BURST:

{ST AND PLACEMENT:
over water

TYP OF Bi
Air bur

CLOUD TOP }

if 9h GOO FL. MS)
CLOUD BOTTOM! :

4 ,oco ré MSL

Very light fallout was
° €



Distance From GZ, Yards

Sor TTT TT TTT Ty ttt
L_ 4
°
500
= 4
L 4
1000
[ 0.17 7
= )\voane ime |
1500 \
2000 S%
L a
esooL-tt I Pttitt dt tury te pet ppt pts !
1000 500 ° 500 1000 1500 2000
Distance From GZ, Yards

Figure 15. Operation GREENHOUSE -

Dog.

Shot - Island dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.

28


GENE
HELEN
IRENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

TILOA

a URSULA

VERA
WILMA

N
mack YVONNE
‘
39 * 6
OSCAR
ZONA
LAGOON penn
‘py ruce
am
ENIWETOK ATOLL | (— CLYDE
‘AV IO.
o !' 2 3 4 5 —D
07 STATUTE MILES
LEROY ELMER
5
KEITH
vawes —___-
FRED
IRWIN 6
Cr
WENRY GLENN
Figure 127. Operation HARDTACK I - Holly.

Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

211


250 t——_____ 4 -- fe

200 _
J 4

150
o
2 = +
= 4
yok
3
24 4
2 500
Go —
BL \

_ 1000,

loo
2
go
o
sok 4
5 000
Bok 7
fay

50 |-—

ae a

130 100 50
Distoncs From GZ, Statute Miles

Figure 54. Operation CASTLE - Yankee.
Off-site dose vate contours in r/hr at W+1 hour.

87


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Butternut

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: LASL
12 May 1958 11 May 1958
0615 1815 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of
Yvonne

4,000 ft from the nearest
edge of the island
11° 20' 41" ON
162 21' 02"
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 10.13 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst from barge on
water
Water depth: 65 ft

CLOUD TOP HEIG! 35,000 ft MSL
HE: NM

CLOUD BOTTOM 15

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys at H+4 hours made by the Radiological Safety
Organization. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading
coula be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an
elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by
a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true
ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. Thet++? decay
approximation was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate readings
to H+l hour.

197


120 p—y T T T T T rT T7249

Cloud Top Height Y
~ 94,000ft. / /| 4
J 200

100 *

: /

T
RN
|
T

=

Cloud Height (MSL) And Stem Dicmeter 10° Feet
TT
Job jot
Cloud Diameter, 10

1

i

80

160

Feet

loud Diometor
110,000 ft.

60 120
r i :

Cloud Bottom Height

T
Ww
°
1
3

40

e
°

V4 51,500ft.
1 Stem Diameter
20 Y im Wwseoft 40
rihitatati ta
° t 2 3 4 L) 6 7 8 9

Y a
I—
L VW, 4
++} ~3
| 4
Time , Minutes

iN NX

m\
!

Figure 51. Cloud Dimensions: Cperation CASTLE ~ Union.

82


Distance From GZ, yards

5,000

4,000

3,000

R
°
3°
°

1,000

1,000

2,000

3,000

PTTTUyT Tr Trt rir EEE TTT)
[- Deposited Dose On \ 7
| Landing Ship Tanks \cs0) 4
[—— Shown In Brackets ()
= [100 | 4
- 1 \1oo) as
= 500 4
E000 Lo
= Eisco NX N Y as
Cc (1500), am
=N 4 2000 oq
F Ae 4 :
LE ANS 00. q
[_ NR 500 A q
- 100 w =
Cop dt tte el {i 147
5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 ° 1,000 2,000 3,000
Distance From GZ, yards
Figure 4. Operation CROSSROADS - Baker. On-site

dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.

10


90

co T T T T T T T T TJ
eof Cloud Top Height a 4
0}
E 72200 ft. _
: 4
70; ef >
= Wa NO 4
_ 80 LA J
zE / :
Seok VA =
Z£ | J
= sole L, a J
SE q
Ser 4
=x i |
30 | rr es ees
» q
3 4
2 q
20 + —— in
=
to . - :
Et ! ! ! ! \ oe ae
1 2 3 4 EY 6 7 8 9 10

Figure 123.

Time, Minutes

Cloud Dimensions:

Operation HARDIACK I -

203

Koa.


5 TTT TTryttttytertttryttttyittTttr4
= f
= 6 2500 2000 |
= 500 t

2100 !
Oo
| 1400 P00 i
t
- H
. 950 t
o | 350 ¥)|_250 ;
25 200
=e
eo
BL
2£L +135
n”
+l0
N y
ok
€ }—
°o
ek
eof
3
£15
Be
a =
20)
{J 4 peed |p pt pp pt tt
2515 10 5 ) 5 10
Distance “rom GZ, Statute Miles
Figure 31 Operation IVY - Mike. Atoll dose rate

contovrs in r/hr ut H+l hour.

$2


OPERATION DOMINIC

DATE:
t

DATE:
TINE:

DATE:
TIME:

__Locy, GT
15 Jun 1962 15 Jun 1962
0600 1600 SIIE
SITE,
OPERATION DOMINIC - Dulce
LOCT ___ GMT
17 Jun 1962 17 Jun 1962
0600 1690
TYPE OF BU
OPERATION DOMINIC - Fetit
_10ct GMT
19 Jun 1962 19 Jun 1962
0501 1501 SITE:

Rinconada

SPONSOR: LASL

Christmas Island, GZ-17

EVATION: Sea Leve)
TYPE OF BURST AND PLA

Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: LAS

326

SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-10

Sea Level

Aix (free fall), over

Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: LRL

Christmas Island, G2-17

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
HEICHT OF BURST:
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Aix (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean



OPERATION REDWING - Navajo

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: LASL
11 Jul 1956 10 Jul 1956
0556 1756 SITE: PPG - Bikini - South of Dog

11° 39' 48" WN
165° 23' 1k" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst from barge on
water; center of gravity
approx. 15 ft above surface
of water; depth to bottom-215 ft

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 85,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT: 51,200 ft MSL

REMARKS:

The on-site fallout pattern was drawn from island readings taken by
scientific projects supplemented by fallout sample collections on rafts
and barges in the lagoon. The survey readings were obtained on D-day.
A gamma decay exponent determined from laboratory gamma
decay measurements, was used to convert the D-day readings to H+l
hour values. Light fallout occurred on Nan approximately 18 hours
after detonation, with peak gamm intensities of 22 mr/hr.

The off-site fallout pattern was drawn from aerial and oceanographic
surveys: The oceanographic surveys used detector probes for measuring
the dose rate at depths to and below the thermocline. Water sampling
equipment was used for taking of surface samples and for the collection
of samples from any desired depth. The dose rate readings were extrapo-
lated to IH1 hour by using the decay measurements of the samples
collected.

169


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Poplar

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: UCRL
DATE: 12 July 1998 12 July 1958
TIM 1530 0330 SITE: PPG - Bikini - SW of

Charlie, 7,500 ft from
the nearest edge of island
ue hat a7" N
165° 15" 52" E

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 11.66 ft
TYPE OF BUR

Surface bu.
CLOUD TOP HEIG: > 61,000 ft MSL water over reef
CLOUD BOTTOM

GHT: 42,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from the Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at
H+4 hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired
spot at an elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were
multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approxi-
mation of the true ground reading. The basic instrument used in
the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read
up to 500 r/hr. The t-!*? decay approximation was used to extrapolate
the H+ hour dose rate readings to H+l hour.

286


sorry Ty Ttytyty Ty) Ty Ty
|. Cloud Top Height ——

71,000 ft. 4
= la
70 140
= [-—~—__ 4
L 4
60 / 120
= 4
}— / 4
+ 50 ft Cloud Bottom Height ~j~——— 100
bd | 40,500 ft. 4
& /
n = 4
2 - we 4
B40 } 80
” } |
Sb |! 4
eo bk a
- FE |/ 7
33° . Vi Cloud Diameter {8°
é ~ 32,000ft.

aa 1.
l

| 4
4
oUtLtttsritertititrtiits tid,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10
Time , Minutes
Figure 59 . Cloud Dimensions: Operation CASTLE - Nectar.

94

Cioud Diameter, 10> Feet


SCALE
Oo 20 40 60

miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

67.5

52.5

H+6 H+!13

—(i)—

Figure 168. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Pisonia.

294


TARLY 34° ENIWSTOK WIND DATA VOR OFERATLO) WURON

Altitude lichour 3 hours Wg Nourse
(Man) bir Speed Din Speed D Dir Speed
feot degrees 7 mph depsces mph degrees mpd degrees mph

Surface 120 Wy 090 18 130 16 iho 23
1,000 100 18 130 20 110 ah 120 29
2,000 100 18 110 eh 090 Vv 110 28
3,000 200 18 110 29 100 16 110 32
4,000 100 18 100 30 060 15 110 35
5,000 110 22 100 29 120 wi 110 37
6,000 110 22 100 28 120 16 110 38
7,000 120 18 100 a5 110 16 110 38
8,000 Leu 22 090 23 110 Wy 110 35
9,000 110 23 090 25 110 ay 100 35

10,000 110 18 100 28 110 Vi sree) 35

12,000 110 12 110 21 110 Ut 090 28

14,000 120 VW 100 23 080 18 080 23

15,000 (240) (13) (090) (23) (420) (13) (080) (16)

16,000 160 12 080 23 130 or 080 09

18,000 160 12 070 10 090 15 090 12

20,000 150 12 060 09 060 18 080 oT

25,000 170 09 030 05 360 07 O10 O7

30,000 080 16 oho 10 110 06 120 09

35,000 060 32 050 37 lela) wy 090 ek

40,060 060 4o 050 39 100 09 060 25

4,000 --- -- 050 39 --- -- --- --

45,000 o70 52 --- -- o70 08 050 09

50,000 O70 08 -- 080 LS eco 10

55,000 o7o 23 --- -- 120 13 080 14h

60,000 100 38 -- 120 20 090 ho

65,000 110 51 100 22 090 52

70,000 090 56 ane -- 110 35 100 53

75,000 100 71 -- 090 37 100 63

80,000 100 19 070 23 aa) qT

85 ,000 100 87 woe -- 090 23 C90 62

9 ,000 100 107 as -- --- -- --- --

99,000 --- -- --- -- --- -- 090 117

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. VTropopause height was 50,000 ft MSL at H-hour.

3. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok
Island.

4. At the surface the air pressure wus 14.62 psi, the temperiture
eT.4°C, the dew point 24.5°C and the relative humidity 8d.

183


sqnapen

4W/4O0OS : e402 OS1y

saw
09 Ob 02 0

31vos

- I MOVIGHVH uoTqeLedg tog syderZopoy + gpl amaty

sno —H

253


TABLE 53 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I — REDWOOD

Altitude H+S hour H+93 hours H+123 hours
(MSL) Dir : ir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 070 33 080 23 090 25
1,000 o70 23 090 29 090 33
2,000 070 25 080 29 100 29
3,000 070 23 090 28 100 2h
4,000 070 20 090 26 100 12
5,000 080 18 100 23 110 7
6,000 100 al 100 22 110 16
7,000 100 22 110 22 110 23
8,000 110 22 120 20 110 25
9,000 110 23 110 18 110 28

10,000 110 23 120 20 110 2k

12,000 110 al 110 20 120 25

14,000 110 20 120 al 100 ek

15,000 (110) (18) (110) (21) (100) (25)

16,000 100 18 110 al 100 26

18,000 090 16 120 25 120 29

20,000 100 18 110 21 110 23

23,000 080 12 100 22 130 20

25,000 140 12 100 28 140 23

30,000 070 06 -- 120 23

35,000 180 08 -- 140 O7

40,000 170 16 -- 190 OT

45,000 210 26 -- 220 09

50,000 230 ab -- oho 16

55,000 310 O7 -- 140 18

60,000 130 08 -- 080 28

65,000 -- -- 090 Ad

70,000 -- 100 54

72,000 - eee -- 110 46

NOTES:
1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken or board ship within 30 nautical miles
of the tower at Nan Island, Bikini Atoll.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

4. The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 27.3°C,
the dew point 78.5°F, and the relative humidity 92%.

260


62.5

eS
67.5

52.5
375,

0478
42.5

9.5 7Z8

2.5,

SCALE

Oo 2040 €0
MILES

RISE RATE GOOOFT/HR

Figure 102. Hodographs for Operation REDWING - Apache.

168


STOTT Ty

os oe

25

T
1

T
1

T
oot

TTT

an
NOI

CWA
NINA

| yal 40 =) 1

‘peed
iat

aN

i oe a

TT
1 1

1

Distance From GZ, Stotute Miles
TTTT

>=
5 wy 4
ost 4
- 4
b [J 4
pLttrrrtiirritirs porttiiit
cry ' 0.5 ° 0.5 '
Distance From GZ, Stotute Miles
Figure 141. Operation HARDTACK I - Umbrella. Idealized

rate contours in r. (Contours represent cumulative
dose to 6 hours.)

239


D+6DAYS

miles

Figure 180 OPERATION DOMINIC ~ Sword Fish contours

showing growth and movement of the pool of rudio-
activity from D-day to D+G days, Contours values in
mR/hr at the survey aircraft height of 500 feet

322


140

20

100

Cloud Height (MSL),10Stfeet

80

60

40

20

r T t 7 T 7 T
| | 1
[ Upper Limit 4
Cloud Top Height 4
Lower Limit 4
— Cioud Top Height an ~ 4
L 110,000 ft. 4 N 1 1
~ et 4
r 4
- +——Dicmeter 4
a 135,000 ff. |
on
= L—T 4
/ a
= "| 4
| — 1
-f- —4
: JL. AL. t. n | ita
' 2 3 “ & 6 7 8 9 10
Time, Mirutes
Figure 46. Cloud Dimensions: Operation CASTLE -

73

280

240
200
160 6
°
2
3
2
o£
2
(=)
2
3
2
oO
60
40
Romeo.


GENE

HELEN
(RENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

yen
4 \ spruce
>
ENIWETOK ATOLL yL-civoe
[sees ee
oT 2 3 4° ~=5 avin
/ STATUTE MILES
ELMER

WENRY = gLENN

Figure 139. Operation HARDTACK I - Rose.
Island dose rates in r/nr at H+l hour.

235


TABLE 42 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDPACK I — NUTMEG

Altitude H-hour W2y hours SE hours
(MSL) Dir wpeed Dir Speed Dir £
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 16 080 16 080 ib
1,000 090 16 070 18 o70 14
2,000 090 15 o70 16 080 15
3,000 090 18 080 18 080 14
4,000 090 18 090 15 090 og
5,000 090 16 120 uy 090 12
6,000 109 17 120 17 10 09
7,000 090 18 100 20 110 ub
8,000 070 18 080 20 080 1b
9,000 090 18 090 23 090 wy

10,000 109 17 100 20 110 wy

12,000 080 10 130 16 120 ib

14,000 120 10 150 le 140 1h

15,000 (110) (12) (140) (12) (230) (09)

16,000 10 12 120 10 120 06

18,000 220 12 3h0 10 O70 o7

20,000 2ho 08 280 08 310 05

23,000 210 09 190 oT 320 o7

25,000 230 06 200 15 27C 12

30,000 310 eh 310 ae 250 og

33,000 = -- -- 220 16

3h 000 300 al -- --- --

35,000 — -- 16 --- --

40,000 200 35 2h 2ho uy

45 ,000 250 23 -- 290 wy

50,000 320 10 310 7 200 02

55,000 --- -- 080 oT oko 02

57,000 080 or --- -- --- --

60,000 200 06 160 06 250 07

64,000 == -- --- -- 080 oT

65,000 090 09 120 08 --- --

70,000 110 12 110 08 080 08

72,000 --- -- --- -- 050 08

75,000 080 25 --- -- --- --

80,000 090 36 090 35 090 37

82,000 =. — 38 --- a

83,000 --- -- -- 090 22

85,000 090 52 -- - — --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken on board ship located within 30
nautical miles of the Tower at Nan Island, Bikini Atoll.

3. Tropopause height was 54,000 ft MSL.

4. The surface air pressure was 14.68 psi, the temperature 27.4°C,
the dew point 72.5°F, and the relative humidity 76%.

216


MOTT TTT TTT Ty? tr ryt ttre ryt

t— os 4

L 10 4
500
eo ob a 4
z 1
> [- 60 | 4
- = 600 0.6 a
N t
yo£ —~ :
—E 0 —2 5
u [— 4
o [— 4
3
2 Lb 4
3 | JANET =
5 500 60 NS /

= 6 -_
1000 1 NX

L Ne

Ee ae ae
15
Boo 500 Oo 500 1000 1500

Distance From ©2, Yords
Figure 19. Operation GREENHOUSE - Easy. Shot Island

dose rate contours in r/hr at H+1 hour.

34

2000


TABLE 33° VIRIND WIRD TVRA POR OLNRAPTION Ril

TAIT tude He 1 19 how

(MST) Dir cd Dix
Lect degrees mpli dE PERS CE Peas

Surface 090 15 090 16 100 1b 080 22
1,000 080 ly 090. 16 100 16 080 43
2,000 090 1 100 ly 090 iW 090 16
3,000 110 18 100 20 1G0 ah 090 Ww
4,000 110 18 100 2] 4.00 rane (else) 18
5,000 110 18 100 20 090 ti 100 23
6,000 100 20 110 20 090 22 1.00 23
1,000 100 22 110 23 090 é 100 22
8,000 090 23 100 eh 100 090 aL
9,000 oye el 110 22 090 090 15

10,000 ovo 20 100 1 09 090 15

12,000 080 17 100 15 090 080 13

14,000 080 16 100 10 0&0 060 09

15,000 (100) = (12) (100) (13) (050) (of) (a)

16,000 120 OT 100 1 020 090 nn

18,000 090 13 110 15 1P0 160 03

20,000 130 13 120 13 1h0 180 oy

25,000 290 09 130 ov 180 20 1y

30,000 320 06 210 13 yo 260 On

35,000 190 09 260 13 150 e270 1h

40,000 260 23 e7o 28 e270 320 18

15,000 250 37 290 2 3hO 3 oho

50,000 270 2 260 21 080 20 310

55,000 110 06 o7o 05 080 16 100

60,000 o7o 33 080 37 fetcie) 2] 090

65,000 090 52 100 50 100 Sh 100

70,000 090 48 110 Te) 090 55 090

72,000 --- -- 110 37 --- -- ---

75,000 080 61 we -- 090 (Ce) 090

80,000 100 55 aoe -- 090 of 090,

85,000 100 56 --- -- 090 “8 ~ --

90,060 --- -- --- -- 090 108 - --

i. Mumbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was obtained on board the U. S. S. Curtiss.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

y. At Wehour the sea level pressure was 1009.3 mb, the temperature

2°, the dew point (7° and the relative humidity 85%.

179



OPERATION HARDTACK I - Yellowwood

Sponsor: LASL
DATE: 26 May 1958 26 May 1958
1400 0200 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of
Janet 5,000 ft
11° 39 37" ON
162 13' 31" EB
Site elevation: Sea level
Water depth: 75 rt

HEIGHT OF BURST: 10.52 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst from varge on water

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD _BO

ue

50,000 ft MSL
30,0C0 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+4 hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of €5 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a tactor of
2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39
survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-l+? decay approxi-
mation was used to extrapclate the H+4 hour dose-rate readings to Ht+l
hour.

218


LAGOON

ENIWETOK ATOLL

Oo ' 2 3 46
STATUTE MILES

KEITH

JAMES —_—__—

HENRY

@LENN

Figure 27. Operation GREENHOUSE -
rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

46

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA
\ awn
RUCE
ose -eruc
)
} CLYDE
AVI
18 ELMER
2.35, FRED

Item. Atoll dose


TABLE 20° BIKLKE WIND DVA FOR OPERATLON REDWING — AUNT

V3 how

Altitude iil hou H-hov

(M5L) Dir “peed r
feet degrees mph degrees my degrees mph
Surface ovo 22 050 22 060 30 090 ah
1,,000 090 26 080 26 060 26 070 28
2,000 090 Ph o70 25 060 26 080 35
3,000 090 eh 070 23 070 30 090 31
4,000 090 ey 090. 28 oye 31 100 30
5,000 2 090 eh 090 29 100 28
6,000 23 100 22 090 29 100 30
7,000 23 100 22 300 23 100 31
8,000 ah 100 22 120 23 090 eg
9,000 ah 100 22 110 2h 100 30
10,000 ah 100 23 100 22 100 20
12,000 22 090 al 090 ly ogo. PG
14,000 wa 090 7 080 16 090 ah
15,000 -- (100) (15) (080) = (45) (090) (Pl)
16,000 15 110 12 070 Wy 090 es
18,000 17 100 12 090 13 090 17
20,000 Ws 140 12 110 10 090 L7
25,000 18 160 18 170 20 260 Ge
30,000 26 170 Ww 1.60 18 180 13
35, C00 36 220 eg 200 35 230 35
10,000 34 220 6 210 50 260 50
45,000 5k 210 ho 220 3 230 61
50,000 37 eho 2g 250 31 eho Be
51,000 nee -- 250 29 --- -- --- --
55,000 220 26 eho 3 250 a eho 20
60, 000 060 18 080 17 090 16 oft 2p
65 ,000 090 28 090 30 090 31 090 32
(0,000 090 32 090 30 090 37 ogo 30
75,000 80 Ah 090 ho 090 38 090 35
77,000 --- -- wee -- o-- -- 100 NW]
80,000 100 U7 100 L8 100 48 “++ --
85,000 090 51 100 48 100 ho --
86,000 -- --- -- 100 13 --
90,000 52 100 48 -e- -- --- --

Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

Tropopause height was 51,200 ft MSL.

Wind data was obtained on board the U. S. S. Curtiss.

H-hour data for altitudes. over 51,000 £t were determined by inter-
polating from masurements taken between H-4 and IH3 hours.

5. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1010.5 mb, the temperature
81°r, the dew point 76°R, and the relative humidity &op,

115


OPERATION IVY - Mike

PPG time GMT Sponsor: LASL
TATE: 1 Nov 1952 31 Oct 1952
TIME: 0715 1915 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Flora

12° 1k! ok" ON
1629 11' 4" E
Site elevation: Sea level
TOTAL YIELD: 10.4 mt
HEIGHT OF BURST: Surface

FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: 270 to 310 msec
Time to 2nd maximum: 3 to 3.5 sec TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Radius at 2nd maximum: NM Surface burst on coral soil
and water

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 98,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT: 59,000 ft MSL

CRATER DATA: Diameter: 6,240 ft
Depth: 164 ft

REMARKS:

Most of the fallout occurred over the open sea. Documentation of
the fallout was thus limited to the islands and the lagoon of
Eniwetok atoll. The lagoon dose rates were determined by multiplying
the readings obtained on rafts by the factor 7. This factor is
based upon the ratio of Operation Jangle field dose rates and readings
taken over flat plates after their removal from the contaminated area.
The data presented for the lagoon stations can thus be considered as
approximations only. The island dose rates are based upon ground-
and aerial-survey readings and were adjusted to H+l hour by using
the t-!'? law to approximate whe decay.

$1


GENE
HELEN
IRENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA

ALVIN
BRUCE
ENIWETOK ATOLL ; curve
o 1 2.3 4~°5 “vio
STATUTE MILES
ELMER

FRED

WENRY GLENN

Figure 122. Operation HARDIACK I - Koa.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

202


TABLE

24 BIKINI WIND DALA VOR OPERATLON RupwInG =

FLATHRAD

Altitur: 7 hours Hho WT hon
(eu) Dis zd Dir Speed Bix d
feet degr on wph degrees mph degrees mph
080 18 080 22 080 eh
080 Ww o/o el O70 23 060 20 050 22
070 Uy o8o 1y 080 20 970 20 050 21
o8o 1s 090 15 090 15 o70 18 (else) eh
080 16 090 vy 100 13 070 18 070 15
090 ly 100 15 100 13 079 18 080 16
090 15 100 1 100 ye ore 16 080 15
090 wa 090 wy 090 an) (ole) og 090 wy
080 12 090 10 090 10 060 08 090 09
080 10 090 09 100 08 090 oT 060 06
090 09 100 08 100 O7 050 06 050 05
090 08 030 07 090 05 090 08 100 06
110 03 120 05 130 06 Calm Calm Cxlm = Caln
020 02 110 06 160 08 080 03 170 05
110 06 130 10 150 14 100 08 070 oh
160 09 160 12 160 13 150 o7 180 07
50 1 120 17 170 20 170 wa 160 le
210 12 200 17 200 ea 200 15 200 16
eho 1 250 ae 250 14 250 15 260 el
260 22 240 al al 240 22 270 21
220 22 230 21 20 270 18 310 18
300 15 340 15 15 330 wa 030 15
070 14 090 17 20 070 el 100 20
090 28 090 28 -- 100 23 090 16
100 28 100 28 -- 080 ek 080 25
100 33 100 33 -- 390 40 080 37
46 16 -- 080 46 080 ST
-- -- -- 080 63 090 6h
-- -- -- 999 64 080 68
o-- -- -- -- 90 5h 080 59
--- -- --- -- -- --- -- 080 69
--- -- --- -- oe -- 090 56 --- --
NOTES:
1. Tropopause height was 48,900 ft MSL at H-hour.
2. Wind data was obtained on board the U. S. S. Curtiss.
3. H-hour values were interpolated from data taken at need hours and
H#13 hours.
4. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1012.9 mb, the temperature 82.0°F,

the dew point

76.0°F and the relative humidity 82.0%.

136


TABLE 65 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I — QUINCE

Altitude ic-hour
(MSL) Dir Sp
feet degrees mph
Surface 060 13
eh. 070 1b
482 70 14
723 070 16
964. 080 16

NOTE: Wind data was taken by the Fniwetok weat

108

SCALE

Oo 6 10 15 2.0
miles
Rise rate: S000 ft/hr

0.36

Ss
H~Hour

Figure 176. Hodograph for Operation HARDTACK I - Quince.

310


Tropopouse +

TTTTTT TTT
Litt it ity

Cloud Top Height+—
40,000 ft.

Litit itis

TTTTTTTTT

TTTTTITIT
Liiiitits

Cloud Height (MSL), 10° Feet

30r 7 q
: Va 3
E q
E =
20
E ° q
- ° q
E © Aircraft Data (Cloud Top Height) 4
“E7
E :
E q
ori stats tata ta ta tails 51475
ot 2. 3 4 S 6 ? 6 9S 0 J i2
Time, Minutes
Figure 28. Cloud Dimensions: Operation GREENHOUSE - Item

47


SCALE

Lutiti

0 10 20 30
miles

Rise rate :5000 ft/hr

12.5
12.5 125 7S 17.5
75 (75
75
17.5 22.5 22.5
22.5
25 2.5 2.5
s s s
-| y
H 72 Hour H+54 H+104
Figure 128. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Holly.

213


OPERATION HNARDTACK I - Olive

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: UCRL
DATE: 23 July 1958 22 July 1958
TIME: 0830 2030 sI PPG - Eniwetok - SW of

Janet, 4,00U ft from
the nearest edge of
island (Sta. 1312)
11° 39! 48" N

162° 13' 48"

Site elevation: Sea level

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD EO"

50,000 ft MSL
16,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Sufety orgnization nelicopter surveys at H+)
hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired
spot at an elevation of 25 reet. Readings taken at 25 feet were
multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable ap-
proximation of the true ground reading. The basic instrument used
in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to
read up to 500 r/hr. The t-t'? decay approximation was used to
extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate readings to H+1 hour.

299


Distance From GZ, statute miles

Ba pO = ala

“7 200R +

- ~~ ——

Distance From GZ, statute miles

Figure 125. Operation HARDIACK I - Wahoo.
On-site cumulative dose to 6 hours in roentgens.

207



OPERATION DOMINIC - Tight Rope

GMT SPONSOR: DOD
4 Nov 1962
0730

Jchnston Island
16° 42' 26.71" N
169° 32' 32.66" W

JATION: Soa Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPF_OF HURST AND PLAC
High altitude, trom
Vercules missile

TENT:
Rike~

EMARKS:

This event wes conducted as a part. of the Fish Bowl Series.

333


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Nutmeg

PPG Time GMT.
DATE: 22 May 195d 21 May 1953 Sponsor: UCRL
TIME: 0920 2120

SITE: PPG - Bikini - West end Tare
11° 29' 46" ON
165° 22' 15" £
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 12.11 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PIA

Surface burst rrom
water

CLOUD TOP _ HEIGHT
CLOUD BOTTOM HE

20,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization at
H+i hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either
to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading
could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an
elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by
a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the
true ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys
was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modiried to read up to 500 r/hr.

The t-2-® decay approximation was used to correct the H+4 hour dose-
rate readings to H+l hour.

214


~ Koon

Sponsor: UCRL

SITS: PPG - Bikini - Tare
ve 29' AB" ON
165° e2' 03" E
Sile elevation: Sea level

URSP: 13.6 ft

FIREBALL

DATA: CIOUD GOP HEIGHT: 53,000 ft MSL

CESTOUr: NM

“Time to
Time to 2nd x
Radins at end max inrun

nimmum = 52.9 # 2 msec
Y

imam:

Diameter: 8CO ft
Depth: 7 ft

TYPE OF LURE

fue

coral soil

The on-site fallout pattern was construct
by technical project incl and by the
plus conversion of uctivity measurements of
rafts and free-floating buoys anchored in the
occurred ideully with respect to the measuivment stations so that more
readings than usual were available. he dose-rate readings were
extrapolated to H41l hour by using actual ficld decay rates.

d from survey readings made

al Safety organization,

samples collected on
The fallout

76


H-Hour

y
H+34
SCALE
| pittitiry J
Oo 20 40 60
miles
t Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr
H+9/2, —i)—-
Figure 172. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Olive.

302


SEES

\
(4
\
(

4

<=)

\
\

=

\\ 211061
\ j— '

y MOH OL
fi

~

SaTtn
S v ¢

on aut

3xIN OG]

ONIX Ob?
orO067

Ta INDIE

NWNG GE

SLNLvLs
2 |

"INOW T+H 3 ay/t UT S84BI asop PUETST
saoyueR - ATISYO uotzetedg + ¢S amndty

(i)

60 _/ y
SS

G ORV:



Tort mi T T T T T T “T T T 4]
E Cloud Top Height q
a —— 7
sot—| 56,000 ft. \ Kaa 4
E Sea 7
EC , q
C 7 4
oa ‘+ Tropopause q
scr q
& sol VA
"o £ q
Cc Cloud Bottom Height q
soE 41,000 ft. q
- a 4
an a
gE } :
B4oF- 7
Ze V4 4
oR q
3 E Cloud Diameter q
ZF S 36,000 ft. q
3of- 7 7
- F q
SE J
Se q
Ze q
ree / q
3
BE q
G20 4
t q
E q
E (0 Aircraft Data (Cloud Top Height) J
E q
F 4
q
! +
i 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 1
ry T 374 3 € Ts 910 1 2

Time, Minutes

Figure 24. Cloud Dimensions:

Operation GREENHOUSE -

George.


SCALE

0 20 40 60
miles

Rise rate: SOOO ft/hr
52.5
52.5

47.5
47.5

42.5
42.5

37.5

375

32.5

H — Hour H+3

Figure 79. Hodographs for Operation REDWING -

127

7.5

12.5
27s

225 —{i)—

H+6

Erie.


OPERALION REDWING - “ani
Sponsor: UCHI

PPG = Bikini - Tare
Mio pgt NSS
165° 22) 09"
TORAL YIELD: 3.5 mt Site cleva Sea Level

st

WIG OF IME: 9
FIKEL 2 DATA
“Dime to lst winimum: 160 + 184 msec
Time to 2nd maximum: 1.705 + 2.15 see

Radius at 2nd maximum: 5,208 ft TYPE OF BURSY AND PLAC

Surface ret from platform
CRAIER DATA: Diameter: 2,310 ft on coral ils over water
Depth: 103 ft
Lip: No apparent lip CLOUD TOP 79,000 ft BSL
cou 1G,000 £4 MSL

The cn-site fallout pattern was drawn from island readinss taken by
scientific pro +t 2.65 supplemented by fallout sample collection en
rafts and barges in the lagoon. The measured field decay exponent

was used to extrapolate the dose-rate readings to IM#i hour. It
was observed that Lhe water adjacent to the beaches of the northern
islands cf the atoli was gencvally much more highly contaminated than
the islands.

Yhe off-site fallout pattern was drawn from oceanographic surveys.
The oceanographic surveys used detector probes for measuring the dose-
rate ut the surface, plus the allied equipment necessary for measuring
the dose-rate at, depths to and below the thermocline (wator-sampling
equipment for the taking of surface sumples aud tor the collection of
samples from any desired depth). ‘fhe dose-rate readings were extrapolated
to WL hour by using the decay measurements of the samples collected.
The portion of fallout that penctratcd below the Uhermoeline is unknown.
Rather than attempt to estimite the pereentage, the results for the
dose rates assume no penctration beyond the depth of mixin.

lll


Oo 40 80 120

miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr 72.5
675
62.5
575
525
22.
175
12.5

Figure 156.

925

87.5

82.5

SCALE

Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I -

269

925

87.5

82.5


OPERATION REDWING: - Yura

PPG time GM Sponsor: UCRL
PG May 1906 27 May 1956
o756 1956 SITE: PYG - Eniwetok - Sally

11° 30! 33" N
162° 181 55" EB
Site clevution: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURSP: - 205 ft

CLOUD TOP HmIGHT: 8,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HBIGHT: 1,000 ft MOL

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

REMARKS:

Only island dose rate readings are available. These were taken
from the aerial and ground surveys mde by the Radiological Safety
organization. The t-1*? decay approximation wes used to extrapolate
the dose rate readings to H+l hour. Significant amounts of alpha
(plutonium) contamination were found on the shot island.

120


TABLE 40 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I - WAHOO

Altitude H-1; hours TOT hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir peed
feet degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 lq 080 16
1,000 090 22 080 18
2,000 090 22 080 20
3,000 090 20 080 al
4,000 090. 17 080 20
5,000 070 13 060 14
6,000 oho 08 050 12
7,000 330 o7 350 oT
8,000 280 12 300 1
9,000 290 17 300 20

10,000 280 21 300 22

12,000 310 16 290 uy

14,000 290 ) 310 12

16,000 020 07 340 09

18,000 ho uy 020 09

20,000 oho 08 obo B

23,000 060 05 010 oT

25,000 eho 02 360 oT

30,000 300 15 260 10

35,000 260 35 --- --

40,000 270 25 270 30

45,000 280 29 oo --

50,000 3h0 15 310 ok

52,000 — -- 270 09

55 ,000 070 06 --- --

60,000 060 15 020 20

65,000 090 17 --- --

69,000 —_ -- 120 10

70,000 2 100 o7

73,000 ST 060 13

75,000 :- --- --

80,000 60 090 4o

85,000 ST oo --

90 ,000 57 030 T2

95,000 = + -

100,000 -- 090 19
110,000 -- 109 3
114,000 --- -- 100 100

NOTES:
I. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.
2. Tropopause height was 59,000 ft MSL.
3. The surface air pressure was 14.69 psi, the temperature
30.8°C, the dew point 73°F, and the relative humidity 63%.

208


GENE
HELEN
IRENE,

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

LAGOON

ENIWETOK ATOLL

ad ca o-——_ GJ avo
o 123 4 5
STATUTE MILES

LEROY.

KEITH
JAMES —————~"

1RWIN ———~

HENRY GLENN

Figure 78. Operation REDWING - Frie.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+] hour.

125


*INOU T+H 3® LY/t uy saqet asop pueTsy

saroweoks

S3TIW 3LNLVLS

TW INDIE

- I WOVIGUVH wot ered

“LET amaqty

os OL Se
+4334

231


TABLE 43 © ENIWETOK WIND TATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — YELLOWWCOD

Altitude H-hour hours: HHO hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Upeed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 wy 070 18 080 15
1,000 090 16 080 20 080 18
2,000 090 16 080 1 080 18
3,000 030 18 080 1v 090 18
4,000 080 17 090 15 100 16
5,000 080 16 090 12 100 12
6,000 070 13 080 09 100 12
7,000 060 B3 070 09 090 12
8,000 050 09 070 12 090 15
9,000 050 10 070 12 090 15

10,000 050 08 060 B 090 09

12,000 oo 12 050 uy 030 12

14,000 050 O7 020 09 360 12

15,000 (060) (07) (030) (08) (360) (08)

16,000 o70 OT oho OT 350 C6

18,000 060 20 060 12 100 06

20,000 O70 30 260 1 030 09

23,000 090 18 080 18 08 20

25,000 100 22 090 18 090 16

30,000 080 29 070 23 079 29

35,000 110 30 090 23 050 23

40,000 O70 31 080 36 290 30

45,000 080 32 090 29 080 32

50,090 090 ek 090 V7 090 23

55,000 ose 2h 050 32 050 ak

60,000 070 23 060 20 030 ak

65,000 060 09 050 16 080 al

70,000 090 oT 100 23 080 2]

75,000 080 43 100 38 110 35

80,000 100 49 100 48 090 55

85,000 100 51 080 59 090 60

90,000 100 ST 090 54 090 61

95 ,000 100 63 090 53 o-- --

100,000 090 76 090 19 - --
1.5,000 080 86 090 gh - --
110,000 080 19 090 109 - --
115,000 100 105 090 105 - --
120,000 10 12 100 92 - --
122,000 --- -- 100 90 - -
123,000 110 14 oe -- oo --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL.

4, The surt'ace air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature 30.C,
the dew point 73°F, and the relative humidity 63%.

220


OPERALLON RELWING ~ Tnca

__PRG Tine omer
ee June 1996 el dune 1956 Sponsor: UCRL
0906 2156

SITE: PRG - kniwetok - Pearl
1? 37! 53" ON
162° 17! 50" E
Site elevation: Sea Level

GUT_OF BURST: 200 ft

TYPE OF _RURSY AND PLACRMEME:
Tower burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 42,000 ft MSL
: 30,000 ft MSL

REMARKS: Only island dose-rate readings are available. These were
obtained from aerial and ground surveys made by the Radiological Safety
Organization. The pee decay approximation was used to extrapolate
the dose rete readings to H+1 hour. Heavy contamination resulted only
on the shot island.

149


OPERATION REDWING ~ Dakota

EPG i
26 dune
0606 1806 SITE: PPC - ni = 4,000 £L
south of Dog,
ue io" ON
Uee® ey oy os
Site clevablon: Sea level

Sponsor: TAGL

WsTGiFP OF YT

Surface

75,000 ft MSL
55,000 ft MSL,

REMARKS:

Only island dose-rate readings are available. They were obtained from
aerial and ground surveys made by the Radiological Satety Organization.
The t*? decay approximation was used to extrapolate the dese rate
readings to i+] hour. This shot produced less contamination on the
islands than expected. However, the water adjacent to the northern
islands was heavily contaminated.

153


334


UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dare Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

READ INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

[v REPORT NUMBER a. GOVT ACCESSION NO.
DNA 1251-2-EX

D RECIPIENT S CATALOG NUMOER

4. TITLE (and Subtirie)

COMPILATION OF LOCAL FALLOUT DATA FROM TEST
DETONATIONS 1945-1962 EXTRACTED FROM DASA 1251
Volume II—Oceanic U.S. Tests

5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Extract

6. PERFORMING ORG, REPORT NUMBER

DASIAC SR 179 VOL. II

7, AUTHORGs)
Howard A. Hawthorne, Editor

5 CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERTS) J
DNA 001-79-C-0081

‘9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADORESS
General Electric Company—TEMPO
DASIAC, 816 State Street
Santa Barbara, California 93102

15. PROGRAM EL EwENT. PROJECT, TASK
AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS.

Subtask P99QAXDC008-09

11, CONTROLLING OF FICE NAME AND ADDRESS
Director
Defense Nuclear Agency

12, REPORT DATE

1 May 1979

Th NUMOER OF PAGES

351

Washington, D.C. 20305
MONITORING AGENCY NAME @ ADDRMESS/i! different from Controlling Office)

18. SECURITY CLASS (of this report)

UNCLASSIFIED

TSa. OfCLASSIF ICATION COWNGRADING
ScneOuce

Te DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Mock 20, If different trom Report)

18 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES:

This work sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency
8337079464 P99QAXDC00809 H2590D.

under RDT&E RMSS Code

Nuclear Weapons Testing
Fallout

Radiological Contamination
Nuclear Radiation

Enewetak
Bikini

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side il necessary and identily by Block mumber)

Pacific Proving Ground

Johnston Island

Christmas Island

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side If necessary and identity by block number)

Fallout patterns from U.S. oceanic nuclear weapons tests.

Also given are time and place of test and ambient winds.
DD 52k", 1473 coition oF tnovesisowsorere UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dara Entered)


*anou T+H 38 zy/t uy} sajzel asop puUeTST
cuadsy - WOVIGUVH uotzeredo

S31IW 3LNLVLS
bp € 2 in)

TOW ININIG

“Spl amaty

247


GENE
HELEN

IRENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL

Oo 1 2 3 4 5 AVID
STATUTE MILES

ELMER

FRED

HENRY

GLENN

Figure 147. Operation HARDTACK I - Walnut.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.


TABLE 57 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK 1 — SEQUOIA
Altitude Hoy hour 57 hours W103 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed___Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 100 wy 080 18 090 18
1,000 090 20 090 18 090 23
2,000 090 22 090 22 090 2k
3,000 100 22 100 22 090 2h
4,000 100 26 100 22 090 23
5 ,000 100 23 100 2h 090 22
6,000 100 22 100 20 100 20
7,000 100 22 090 uv 100 17
8,000 100 25 100 15 100 15
9,000 100 21 110 wy 100 1h
10,000 100 18 110 16 100 16
12,000 110 20 110 16 090 15
14,000 130 15 130 wu 130 08
15,000 (120) (13) (130) (13) (130) (09)
16,000 120 10 130 3 130 12
18,000 050 OT 100 13 120 10
20,000 oho 13 080 09 130 05
23,000 010 23 010 18 oko 16
25,000 340 18 340 22 020 OT
30,000 010 15 030 10 320 09
35,000 020 18 18 020 o7
40,000 010 28 el 010 17
45,000 020 36 29 010 al
50,000 270 26 22 300 1y
55,000 010 18 12 050 08
60,000 080 14 22 110 18
65,000 100 28 30 080 29
70,000 090 39 4s 090 48
75,000 100 5D 47 100 ST
80,000 090 56 5k 090 67
85,000 100 72 70 090 15
90,000 090 68 80 090 16
95,000 090 90 90 090 83
100,000 090 98 -- 090 100
105,000 100 98 -- 090 109
110,000 --- -- -- 090 19
112,000 --- -- --- -- 100 82
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Wind data vas taken by the Eniwetok veather station.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.
4, he surface air pressure was 14.61 psi, the temperature 27.2°C,

the dew point 83.5°F, and the relative humidity 76%.

276


GENE

HELEN
TREN
EDNA
DAISY JANET
CLARA

KATE
Lucy

Alice 7
mack
®&
LAGOON
ENIWETOK ATOLL
Oo ol 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES
LEROY__ (7

KEITH
JAMES
IRWIN

HENRY

GLENN

Figure 88.

Operation REDWING -

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

MARY
—~ NANCY

YVONNE
—

Kickapoo.

Island dose rates in r/ir at H+l hour.

143


50 TTP Tr Tp rrT pp errr TTT rr yt ty UT T TTT
. FTropopause Height Cloud Top Height 4
rE 83,0008. 38,000, 7
= 40) x
BE Lcisad Diometer No. Im q
eo |e Clow iometer No.t |
ef —- 31,800 ft ‘\ J
630
2 FE a Ld cloud Bottom Hat 4
sc 22,0001. J
a ~qCloud Diameter Na 2, 4
20) — i
= iy S|
So oF — —) 7
EF a \ ~
eo F J. {nn Cloud Diameter No.3 4
2 | at
2 tole —_|} 4
Bd aa | +
3
cn 4
oH
FA sO OOD OD Dn
) 2 4 6 8 7 12 14 16 8
Time, Minutes
Figure 67. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDVTNG - Lacrosse.

Diameter-curve 1 represents the diameter of the main
cloud; curve 2 refers to a portion of the cloud which
resulted from a shear at 8 minutes; curve 3 represents
the average diameter of two clouds which resulted from
a shear of the second cloud at 15 minutes.

104


OPERATION HARDGACK I - Scaevola

PPG Time GMT.
Th July 1958 14 July 1958
1600 0400

CLOUD TOP

CLOUD BOT

REMARKS:
No fallout.

290

Sponsor: IASL
SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Off
Yvonne
119 33! 15" N
162° 21' 2h" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 20 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACHMENT:

Surface burst rrom t
on water

se


62.5

57.5
42.5

SCALE

o 20 40
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/br

Figure 164. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Dogwood.

285


Distonce From GZ, Statute Miles

zofp-- -

o

°

Nan 250

pout dee ba jot p opt \
10 § ° 5 10 ih 20
Distonca From GZ, Statute Miles
Figure 39. Operation CASTLE - Bravo.

On-site dose rete contours in r/hy ut I+ hour.

64



GENE

HELEN
IRENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

i iat
4 Spruce
b+
ENIWETOK ATOLL 9 -/—CLYDE
OPERATION IVY
SHOT LOCATIONS
AvID
on ose]
Oo ou 2.3 4 =+5
LEROY ELMER

STATUTE MILES

FRED

HENRY gLENW

Figure 30. Operation IVY, Shot Locations.

50


GENE
HELEN
IRENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA

ALVIN
vai
BRUCE
>
ENIWETOK ATOLL CLYDE
Ls es te
o 1 2 3 4 °5 ave
A STATUTE MILES
LeRoy ELMER

KEITH
vAMES ——__~
FRED
IRWIN
HENRY GLENN
Figure 159. Operation HARDIACK I - Sequoia.

Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

275


Distance from GZ, Statute Miles

150 TTT TTT Tt TT TT TT T TT TT
-
100 F-
1 [ 3
56 4
~ 4
r 4
50
7 4
L 4
° ——-
F 4
50 ~
r 4
100 on eo ee | ee Soe {4 1 as one a
(50 100 50 ° 50 100
Distance from GZ, Stctute Miles
Figure 104. Operation REDWING - Navajo. Off-site dose

rate contours in r/hr at H+1 hour.

171


Plume Height, Feet

3200

2900

2600

2300

2009

1700

i400

Noo

1600 T
First Plumes— Second Plumes
(Height) 7 y (Diameter)
1400 rf
t- i, ° * Station |
1200 — 6 Station 2
— © Station 3
Ty
1000 \
800 ft—- —_
600) 34 < aN ra
[~ a Third Plume
= / First Plumes (Height)
| (Diameter)
400 ] ¥ /
2007 L
Ir /
obetArtisritiii iter titi te
to 15 20 2b 30 35 40 4!

Figure 62.

Time , Seconds

Plume Height Dimensions:

99

Operation WIGWAM.

600

Diameicr, Feet

Plume


SCALE

Oo t0 20 30
miles

32.5 Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

32.5 32.5

27.5
275 22.5
18
14
1
|
!
1
!
!
25
_—O—
H-Hour H+3 H+9
Figure 150. Hodographs for Operation HARMTACK I - Linden.

257


TABLE 5 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPFRATION SANDSTONE — ZEBRA

Altitude H-hour H+ hours Ht+3 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 080 10 100 09 090 09
2,000 100 qT 110 16 100 17
5,000 130 13 110 15 110 wa

10,000 220 13 190 12 220 14

15,000 270 14 2h0 OT 2h0 08

20,000 ako al 250 20 260 ek

25,000 250 31 260 29 250 36

30,000 270 50 260 45 270 Ay

35,000 280 30 260 46 290 uy

40,000 270 83 290 48 290 56

45,000 270 4o 280 48 270 55

NOTES:

1. Tropopause height was 54,000 feet MSL at H-hour.
2. The H-wind data was estimated by the USAF weather station
on Eniwetok Island. The H+t2 and H+3 hour winds were measured.
3. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 810 mb, the temperature
81°F, and the dew point 74°F.

24


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Tobacco

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
DATE: 30 May 1958 30 May 1953
TIME: 1415 0215 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - 3,000
NW of Janet

11° 39' «=48" oN
162° 13' 48" E
Site elevation: Sea level

AND PLACEMSNT:
tv rrom barge on

TYPE OF Bi
Surface bur
water

CLOUD TOP IL
CLOUD

18,900 ft MSL
MM

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safeiy organization at
H+ hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot
at an elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied
by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the
true ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys
was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The
t+? decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+l hour dose
rate readings to H+l hour.

226


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Rose

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
TATE: 3 June 1958 2 June 1958
OG45 1845 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of

Yvonne 4,000 ft from the
nearest edge of the island
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 15.43 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst from barge on
water

CLOUD TOP_HEIGH?:
CLOUD BOTT:

17,000 ft MSL
5,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization
at H+4 hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired
spot at an elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were
multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approxi-
mation of the true ground reading. The basic instrument used in the
aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up
to 500 r/hr. The t-'*® decay approximation was used to extrapolete
the Ht) hour dose-rate readings to H+l hour.

234


TABLE 4 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION SANDSTONE — YOKE

Altitude H-hour H+3 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 080 16 070 15
2,000 oe -- 070 al
4,000 --- - 090 12
5,000 090 a 170 O7
6,000 --- -- 180 08
10,000 160 12 150 39
14,000 one -- 080 AL
15,000 090 O7 090 29
16,000 --- -- 100 28
20,000 220 12 170 ho
25,000 210 16 250 70
30,000 210 2k 270 AT
35,000 220 48 --- --
40,000 210 ST _
45,000 210 5h --
50,000 200 4g --
55,000 200 LO woe --
NOTES:
1. Tropopause height was estimated to be 56,000 ft MSL at H-hour.
2. The H-hour wind data was estimated by the USAF weather station
on Eniwetok Island. The H+3 hour winds were measured.
3. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1050 mb, the temperature

79°F, and the dewpoint 72°F.

20


*INOU T+H 38 IU/T UT TayBIo sssotde] ay, IvaU sBuTpwet azeI asog

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1334 41 37vOS

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16

amaty



OPERATION HARDTACK I - Teak

PPG Time OMT:
31 July 1958 31 duly 1958
2350 1050

REMARKS:
No local fallout.

307

Sponsor: DOD

SITE: PPG - Johnston Island
16° bkt 38" ON
169° 32' OO" WwW

HEIGHT OF Bi

TYPE OF BURST AND PLAC
High alti
Redstone n
vicinity of Johnston Island.

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD BOT?


o-

Gud

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163


TABLE 31 ENLWSTOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION REDWING = AVACHT

Altitude H-1 hour H-he' Wei hour ea how
(MSL) Speed Dir pecd 7
feet mph degr mph

Surface 070 le o70 12
1,000 070 wb o70 16
2,000 070 wa 070 18
3,000 686 1e 080 1T
4,000 106 15 090 20
5,000 100 15 100 23
6,000 110 15 110 18
7,000 120 17 110 18
8,000 330 16 120 22
9,000 130 18 130 al
10,000 140 18 1h0 21
12,000 150 09 150 10
14,000 120 02 120 03
16,000 (ele) OT 060 06
18,000 Oho 05 020 05

20,000 050 02 05

25,000 230 org 08

30,000 300 10 10

35,000 110 ah uw

40,000 310 10 09

45,000 280 16 16
50,000 220 17 26
55 ,000 28 23

60,000 30 30
65 ,000 39 39

70,000 -- t

15 ,000 --

80,000 --

89,000 --- --

90,000 oo -- 110-106
93,000 + -- “+ -- --- -- a -- 1ie 96

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 52,300 ft MSL at H-3 hours.

3. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.

4, W-hour values interpolated; H-1 hour and i+] hour data was used for
surface through 50,000 fl; H-1 hour and Wh3 hours data was used for
55,000 ft and above.

5. At the surface the air pressure wes 1.63 psi, the temperature 26.8°C,
the dew point 23.9°C, and the relative humidity 8h%.

167


52.5

57.5

25 H-HOUR

225
275 SCALE

325 57.2

Loti titid
cé) 10 20 30 40
miles

Rise rote: S000 ft/hr

Figure 18. Hodographs for Operation GREENHOUSE - Dog.

32


NAVAJO

Altitude I ur hours 9 hours
(451) Dir Speed __ Speed Spe
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees inph

> ogo 12 090 20 090 al 08 Uh
1,000 080 eh 080 eh 100 20 080 VW
2,000 080 26 080 25 100 ah 090 a
3,000 ogo 25 080 ag ogo 26 100 20
4,000 oo 25 080 26 090 26 110 2]
5,000 ogo 23 080 ah ogo 22 110 a
6,000 80 2] 080 2h 100 21 100 al
7,000 080 22 080 2h 100 21 100 21
8,000 080 23 090 23 100 21 100 23
9,000 080 22 080 eh 090 2h 100 23

10,000 080 21 080 22 080 eh 090 23

12,000 070 15 080 22 o7o 23 o70 el

14,000 060 Uy 070 13 050 LT 060 15

15,000 (080) (12) (070) (48) (050) (15) (060) (15)

16,000 100 10 070 13 060 us 050 16

18,000 100 10 080 10 060 13 O70 13

20,000 140 09 090 08 100 o7 090 08

25,000 160 08 170 09 270 03 070 05

30,000 210 17 20 13 260 dh 290 Ww

35,000 220 a 270 ly 2ho 16 210 22

40,000 270 18 260 29 2ho 32 eho 3h

45,000 20 35 250 37 230 ke 220 38

50,000 eho 33 eho a1 eho 30 250 34

52,000 230 37 --- -- --- -- --- --

55 ,000 -- 120 ma 300 06 050 18

60,000 -- 080 25 110 30 110 25

65,000 --- -- 090 4o 090 35 080 35

70,000 -- 080 52 090 NT 090 Ady

72,€90 -- --- -- 090 48 --- --

74,000 --+ -- --- -- --- -- 090 59

NOT! .

1. Nuréers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was obtained on board the U. S. S. Curtiss.

3. Tropopause height was 50,000 ft MSL.

}, At H-hour the sca level pressure was 1010.2 mb, the temperature
81.2°F, the dew point 74.0°F and the relative humidity 80.0%.

173


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Sequoia

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
TATE: 2 July 1958 1 July 1958
TIME: 0630 1830 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - 3 mi

west of Yvonne

11° 32' 39" N

162° 21' 23" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 6.5 ft
TYPE OF Buk

Surface burst f'rom %
17,000 ft MSL on water

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD _ BO!

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. ese were obtained
from Radiclogical Safety organization he eys at H+h hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor
of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial ys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-}*?
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate
readings to Htl hour.

274


SCALE

o 10 20 30 40
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

275

22.5

H- Y,Hour H+3%, H+t9%,

Figure 136. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Tobacco.

229


Distance from GZ, Statute Miles

250

200 |—

eee eee ee eee eee ae eee Cs es es es es ee es ee eee ee a Se |

)

150

100}— 10 —_—-
[
- |
50+—-— a
° -
I | 4
50. tj 1 | an ooee eee {oj jo} Jj 4 L [noe Oo
150 100 50 ° 50 100
Distance from GZ, Statute Miles
Figure 72, Operation REDWING - Zoni. Off-site

dose rate contours in r/hr at I+] hour.

113


GENE
HELEN
1RENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL 9 -~—-CLYDE

AID
o 12 3 4 5 '
STATUTE MILES

ELMER

FREO

WENRY gc enn

Figure 153. Operation HARDIACK I - Elder.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

263


SCALE

Oo 10 20 30
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

27.5
22.5
22.5
32.5
17.5
27.5
12.5 75
2.5 32.5
s
H+3/, Hour H+5%
Figure 117. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Cactus.

192


dh S°f

AW WUBA3S

10%

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99/50/50 2-3 dav
$S/5T/40 136
$S/60/%0 ASod
$5/90/%0 vH
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SS/62/£0 T-3 day
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(199) 3400 3WWN AN3A2

SNOILVNOL3U YVITONN S31V1S U3LINN O3ZONNONNY


SCALE

Oo 20 40 60
miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

' '
H+ % Hour H+94

Figure 152. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Redwood.

261


GENE
HELEN
IRENE

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL

o ' 23 4 5
STATUTE MILES

ELMER

FRED

HENRY = GLENN

Figure 149. Operation HARDIACK I - Linden.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

255


OPERATION HWARDTACK I - Hickory

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: UCRL
DATE: 29 June 1953 29 June 1958
TIME: 1200 2400 SITE: PPG - Bikini - Off west

end of Tare
11° 29" L6" N
165° 22' 15" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 12.11 ft

TYPE OF ST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst from barge on
oco ft MSL water
12,000 ft MSL

CLOUD _TOP
CLOUD_BO!

CRATER DATA:

Not available

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization at
H+h hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either
to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could
be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor of 2
in order to obtain a reasonaole approximation of the true ground reading.
The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey
meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t*? decay approximation
was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose-rate readings to H+] hour.

270


GENE
HELEN
IRENE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

)
ENIWETOK ATOLL » cine

o 1 2 3 4 5 DAVID
140 STATUTE MILES

ELMER

FRED

HENRY GLENN

Figure 133. Operation HARDIACK I - Magnolia.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+] hour.

223


Distance from GZ, Statute Miles

200

TTT TT 1—T T7111 TTT Tt
50
( 5 10 UU,
= Y “—_.
r Ps. a
100, \
; O
L 35
50
= _<
° PSs
—
3
[ NURSE
sohaa sa try pp dpe tp tp ta
150 100 50 ° 50
Distance from GZ, Stciute Miles
Figure 83. Operation REDWING - Flathead.

Off-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+1 hour.

134

100


OPERATION REDWING -

Towa

Spousor UCR
DAIL 21 Jul 1956 29 Tul 1946
TNE: Oh6 176 Slits: PPG = Bikini - Charlie -
— Dog Reef’
TOPAL, Y 1a hot 26" ON
~~ 165° por pa" OL
Site elevation: Sea level
FIREPALL, DADA:
ne to Jst minimum: 185 to Pho msec HETGUT OF BUNGE: 1S ft
‘Time to 2nd ra m 2.08 see sy ae are .
Radius at 2nd maximum 5,908 ft Tyre oF HY AND FIA

CRATER DATA:

Dianet 4,000 ft
Depth: 129 tt
REMARKS:

Surface burst fr
water; center of pr
ft above su
depth to bottom 25

CLOUD BF

av

ft.

99,000 ft MSI,

NM

The on-site fallout pattern was drawn from island readings taken by

scientif
and barges in the lagoon.

decay exponent v
dose rate readings to H+] hour
this shot had no observable cf

ts

indi

deeay exponont was uc
The extremely heavy
fect on the decay rates.

On all i

2 projects, supplemented by fallout sample collection on rafits
Actual field decay measure

cated a

d to extrapolate the
rains which followed

slaeds the

contamination remaining from previous shols was negligible in comprison

with the high radiation levels produced by this

shot.

Very clight

fallout occurring approximately 18 hours afler firing, increased the back-

ground on Nan by approximately | mr/hr.

In contrast to the othe

r barge

shots, contamination was also exptrienced on the atol]'s southwestern

islands.

The off-site fallout pattern was drawn from oceanographic surveys
used detector probes for measuring the dose rate
Waler-samplLing equipment was
collection of samviles

oceanographic surveys

at depths to and below the the
used for the taking of surface samples and for the
The dose rate readings were extrapolated to

from any desired depth.
hour by using the decay meacur
from the firing of this dev

mmocline.

ments of the samples collected.
contaminated Fiiwetok atoll.

The 4

The

It),
Yaliout
allout

on Pniwetok commenced approximately 9 hours after the device was fired
with a peak of 100 to 120 mr/hr.

175


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saw BLNIVLS
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wen

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wait

TOY NDS

287


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NND WHOOZ WOYS O3414
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amon SIN £9/52740 NOHIS
CEL SIN ES/0T/40 y39qve
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dOuGuly SAN £9/90/40 31x10
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dovadly SIN 2s/tosso 900
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dOuauly SIN 25/Sts40 Uae
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3dAL NOTLV907 (199) 34v0 SMYN 1N3BA3


OPERATION Ivy - King
PPG time cr
16 Nov 1952 15 Nov 1952
1130 2330

TOTAL YIELD: 500 kt

FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum:
Time to 2nd maximum:
Radius at 2nd maximum:

62 to 70 msec
700 to 850 msec
1,968 ft

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD _BOTTOS

67,000 ft MSL
51,800 ft MSL

IGHD:

REMARKS:

Sponsor: LASL
SITE: PPG - Reef northeast of
north end of Yvonne
11° 33" Lu" ON
162° 21' 09" E
Site elevation: Sea level
HEIGHT OF BURST: 1,480 ft
CRATER DATA: No crater

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air burst over coral soil and
sea water

Contamination of the islands of Eniwetok atoll was generally masked

by the contamination resulting from the earlier Mike shot.

The dose

rates indicated in figure 102 are estimates based upon readings taken

from helicopters flying 25 feet above the ground.

The estimates are

corrected for dose-rate levels existing on D-1.

56


0102.5

pe
SCALE
PIVAREWROTUI SOOO RUSS)
0 20 40 60 80 100
miles

Rise rate: SOOO ft/hr

lore
87.5
82.5
77.5 80.5
77.5

72.5

H+3 H+6 —)-—

Figure 70. Hodographs for Operation REDWING ~

H-Hour

110


TABLE 13° BIKIN! WIND DATA FOR OPERATION CASTLE- ROMEO

Altitude “i-hour _IW3 hours 19 hours
(MSL) Dir Dir Speed Dir
teet degrees mph degrees mpl. deyrees mph
Surface oho 12 070 12 070 20
1,000 060 15 070 17 060 al
2,000 ovo 16 070 17 O70 18
3,000 060 15 ovo pa 090 al
4,000 060 13 090 10 110 2)
5,000 060 08 120 12 120 17
6,000 080 06 100 13 (140) (15)
7,000 160 o7 160 4h 150 15
8,000 170 09 aire) C6 170 le
9,000 --- -- 120 06 190 09
10,000 180 09 180 06 200 06
12,000 150 12 1ho le 150 08
14,000 100 12 100 13 110 7
15,000 (100) (15) (100) (17) (100) (18)
16,000 090 ly 090 22 (090) (20)
18,000 100 20 100 22 100 30
20,000 23 120 29 (080) (7)
25,000 16 180 O7 200 02
30,000 09 130 05 170 32
35,000 el 180 20 220 15
40,000 yy 190 15 290 08
45,000 06 250 10 200 17
50,000 Ww 150 10 150 20
55,000 17 200 12 170 05
56,000 -- 160 OT wee --
60,000 15 o-- -- eho 15
62,000 --- -- - -- 260 12
65,000 320 12 -- a-- --
67,060 080 25 o-e -- es --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estirated values.

2. Wind datu was obtained on board the U. &. S. Curtiss.

3. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MEL.

NW. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1012.4 mb, the temperature
80°F, the dew point 72°F and the relative humidity 77%.

74


OPERATION HARDIACK 1 - Orange

PPG Time CMT. Sponsor: DOD
TL Aug 1408 11 Aug 1958
2330 1030 SITE: PPG - Jchnston

16° 21' 30" N
169% 32! 08" E

HEIGHT OF BURGT:

TYPE OF PUR
Tigh al:

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD BO

IM

REMARKS: No local fallout.

311


GENE
HELEN
(RENE

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

George

N
MACK
a Event
Dog
ZONA
LAGOON wen
Sy )-eruce
ENIWETOK ATOLL »_L-cive
OPERATION GREENHOUSE
SHOT LOCATIONS AVI
fe es on
LEROY__ fo) | 2 3 ‘4 5 ELMER

STATUTE MILES

FRED

HENRY gLeNN
Figure 14. Operation GREENHOUSE, Shot Locations

26


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3 TONIWIS
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5
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4
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s
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° +
§ 4
o _
oe
e 4
210
2 4
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5
Eimer

Fre I
{iti L Yet i on ns
20

Figure 57. Operation CASTLE - Nectar.
On-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.

2015

92




TABLE 1 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION CROSSROADS, ABLE
Altitude H-hour H+5 hours H+3 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface (070) (09) Oks 09 070 08
2,000 130 15 --- -- --- --
4,000 130 16 130 16 120 14
5,000 (130) (16) (130) (15) (120) (14)
6,000 1ho 17 130 14 120 15
8,000 120 13 120 14h 020 16
10,000 (120) (19) 130 1T 120 16
12,000 120 08 110 16 130 17
14,000 100 10 110 10 070 53
15,000 100 08 020 06 obo 06
20,000 330 05 150 7 170 09
25,000 180 09 280 02 230 O7
30,000 340 O07 330 05 310 05
35,000 340 02 080 06 Caln Calm
40,000 O70 09 360 25 350 28
45,000 030 30 330 31 320 32
NOTES:
1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Surface wind data was obtained on Bikini; upper wind data was
obtained on board the Mt. McKinley.
3. Tropopause height was 54,000 to 60,000 feet (exact height is
uncertain).
4. At H-hour the surface air pressure was 14.68 psi, the temperature

27.2°C and the dew point 23.4°c.


SCALE
Oo 10 20 30 40 50 625 645
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

575 62.5

22.5
175 —*S
2.5 25
75
H—Hour H+3 H+9
Figure 47. Hodographs for Operation CASTLE - Romeo.

75


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SAW FINDS 'ZD wsOsy BOUD)SIQ

81


SCALE

o 20 40
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

H—Hour

Figure 134. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Magnolia.

225


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A-8


OPERATION ARGUS -

Local Time GMT.
DATE: 27 Aug 27 Aug 1958
Tm 0128 0228
TOTAL YIELD: 1-2 kt estimated

FIREBALL, DATA:
Time to ist
Time to end ma
Radius at 2nd maximum:

REMARKS:
No fallout.

1M

NM

ARGUS 1

316

Sponsor: DOD

SITE: South Atlantic
38° 46's
21° 55" W

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST !
High altita

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 1}



shown does not commence until many hours after the burst. The time
of arrival of fallout is indicated on some of the fallout patterns by
"dot-dash" lines. The time lines are intended to give only a rough
average arrival time in hours as estimated from the wind reports and
the available monitoring information.

Induced Activity Patterns

The contamination resulting from low air bursts is due primarily
to the activity induced by neutrons which are captured by certain ele-
ments in the soil, notably sodium, manganese and aluminum. The re-
sulting radiation field is circular and covers a limited area about
ground zero. Weather conditions have very little influence on the
location or shape of the induced radiation pattern. However, increas-
ing the moisture content in soils can increase the induced activity
levels. The rate of decay of the induced radiation field is different
from the decay of fission products and depends on the composition of
the soil over which the weapon was detonated. For Nevada soil, the
sodium and manganese composition generally varies by a factor of 1.4
to 2 and the aluminum composition varies by a factor of 3 to 7 within
and between test areas. For most induced activity patterns in this
report, a general neutron-induced decay curve for Nevada soil was used
to extrapolate the observed dose rates back to H+l hour. For a few in-
duced activity patterns, Na%* decay is used to extrapolate the observed
dose rates to H+l hour. This decay rate is not strictly applicable but
it closely approximates the observed decay.

Wind Data

The tables of wind data give surface and upper air winds for
heights up to at least the top of the nuclear cloud. These data are
presented for times as close to shot time as possible and for several
times after shot. Directions are in degrees from which the wind is
blowing, and are measured clockwise from North. Velocities are in
statute miles per hour. The height of the tropopause at shot time is
given when available. Although the meteorological data were taken in
close proximity to ground zero, they do not necessarily represent the
wind field downwind from ground zero in space and time.

The hodographs are drawn for a constant balloon rise rate of
5,000 ft/hr and are presented for illustrative purposes only. The
fall rates of particles vary considerably with altitude; therefore,
errors will result from the use of a constant fall-rate hodograph for
fallout prediction. In general, particles in higher altitude levels
fall faster and the percentage change in the falling rate is greater
for larger particles. The numbers on the hodographs represent alti-
tudes in thousands of feet. The associated points represent the loca-
tions on the surface where particles having a constant fall-rate of
5,000 ft/hr would land if they originated over GZ at the altitudes
shown. The letter S on the hodographs stands for "Surface" and the
number next to it in parenthesis (for the Nevada shots) is the site
elevation of ground zero in feet above MSL.


OPERATION ARGUS -

Local Time GMT
30 Aug 1950 30 Aug 1958

0218 0318

1-2 kt estimated

ne to lst minimum: NM
Time to 2nd maximum:
Radius at end m»

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT:
CLOUD BOTTOM

REMARKS: No fallout

ARGUS IL

317

Sponsor: DOD

SITE: South Atlantic
4g? 23' S
08° 43" Ww

HEIGH? OF BUPST: ~ 300 miles

ND:

TYPE OF BURST AND FIACE
High altitude burst



TABLE 19 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATLON REDWING — CHEROKEE

Altitude H-hour H+3 hours W+6 hours
(Ms) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 06 120 18 120 17
1,000 100 20 090 18 090 22
2,000 090 23 100 18 100 25
3,000 090 23 110 23 100 26
4,000 090 24 110 2h 100 26
5,000 090 21 110 22 100 22
6,000 090 16 110 17 ogo 21
7,000 090 16 110 ly 090 23
8,000 090 15 100 18 090 22
9,000 100 13 100 15 090 AT

10,000 120 13 090 18 120 13

12,000 120 14 110 17 120 16

14,000 140 16 130 18 110 15

15,000 (140) (16) (140) (47) (130) (15)

16,000 140 17 150 17 150 15

18,000 130 17 160 16 170 23

20,000 140 21 170 15 150 15

25 ,000 150 10 090 20 160 20

30,000 140 07 150 1s 150 10

35,000 260 07 220 12 220 09

40,000 230 17 250 23 230 25

45,000 2ho 18 250 37 250 38

50,000 250 37 250 39 eho 25

55,000 210 o1 180 O7 230 14

60,000 100 20 100 12 150 09

65,000 030 23 090 30 090 23

70,000 100 25 090 ko 090 31

75,000 090 5D 090 45 080 53

78,000 = -- os -- 080 60

80,000 090 58 090 53 --- --

85 ,000 080 63 090 35 --- --

87,000 --- -- 090 39 --- --

90,000 080 70 --- -- --- --

95 ,000 090 85 --- -- Stared --

100,000 090 93 --- -- --- --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 52,500 ft MSL.

3. Wind data was obtained on board the U. S. S. Curtiss.

4, At H-hovur the sea level pressure was 1009.0 mb, the temperature
81°F, the dew point 73°F, and the relative humidity 76).

109


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A-7


gel

er >

sts

719


OPERATION HARDIACK I -

PPG Time

GMT.

DATE: 28 Apr 1958
TIME: 1440

REMARKS:

No fallout

28 Apr 1958
02ko

Yueca

186

Sponsor: DOD

SITE: PPG - USS Boxer 60 mi
“~~ west of Bikini
12° 37" oo" N
163° O1' 30" E

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 86,000 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Air burst from free balloon
over water



TABLE 18 ENIWSTOK WIND DATA FOR OPHRATLON WING LACROSSE

Altitude H-hour eT We TG hours
(MSL) Dir Speed dir Dir Ipee Dir a
Yeet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface O70 17 090 15 090 qh 090 aa
1,000 100 28 090 23 090 18 080 18
2,000 210 28 110 eh 090 ek 090 22
3,000 110 28 110 26 110 29 100 29
4,000 110 29 110 26 110 31 100 31
5,000 110 33 120 29 110 29 100 32
6,000 100 34 110 28 110 33 110 30
7,000 109 32 110 28 110 33 110 26
8,000 090 26 110 31 110 31 110 23
9,000 090 23 100 33 110 31 120 23
10,000 100 23 100 33 110 26 120 22
12,000 100 13 100 22 100 17 120 20
14,000 110 06 090 07 050 02 120 09
15,000 (180) (06) (020) (07) (020) (02) (040) (08)
16,000 250 05 320 07 350 03 320 OT
18,000 230 05 260 OT 270 05 250 05
20,000 2ho 15 250 17 270 1 210 09
25,000 260 28 260 31 260 39 260 32
30,000 eho 43 250 L7 eho 51 250 AT
35,000 260 60 260 55 260 60 260 69
40,000 260 69 250 7 260 68 260 73
45,000 eho 58 250 Th 260 71 260 "5
50,000 2ho 70 2ho 7 250 69 eho 6h
55,000 280 33 250 4h ey 32 250 36
60,000 09 150 08 180 06 190 13
65,000 15 210 05 170 O07 1k0 OT
70,000 12 090 06 090 13 080 12
75 ,000 32 090 25 110 38 090 37
80,000 48 110 47 110 51 100 hg
85 ,000 6h 090 64 090 62 ogo 56
90,000 72 110 69 100 7 100 61
94,000 65 --- -- --- -- --- --
95 ,000 -- 100 64 100 57 100 62
98,000 -- --- -- --- -- 63
100,000 -- 100 65 100 63 --
102,000 -- --- -- 100 63 --
105 ,000 --- -- 100 67 wee -- aoe --
106,000 --- -- 100 67 w= -- wee --

Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

Tropopause height was 52,300 ft MSL. (Reference 149).

Wind daia was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.

At the surface the air pressure was 14.62 psi, the temperature 27.2°C,
the dew point 25.0°C, and the relative humldity 84%.

105


gls

44/44 OOOSG 19403 OSty

os 09 Ob 02 O

A |

B1vos

Geto

Sle

Ses

sus

90


1207—F a

NOP

——4 4

[- Cloud Top Heiaht 7

wool} | 99,000 ft
| | a »~ 4

et ty

Cloud Diameter ——?,

w
°
i

@
°

2 N
° io)

ght (MSL) and Diameter, 10° Feet
HS
ie]

2
°

}_/| {+ _ —-—_

Cloud Hei
o
3}

8
I

| jj Bottom Height

Jo} ot {jt | on ee tit
°6 ' 2 3 4 $ 6 e io

Time, Minutes

Figure 109. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Tews.


ATION REDWING -

PVG Tine GMI

ee duby 1956
0616 1816
REMARKS:

Only island dose-rate readings are available.

Turon

a) duly 1950

LAST

Sponsor:

SILE: PPG - Mniwetok - Off Flora
11° hot 1g" ON
162° P2' 00" oO

ite elevation: Sea level

SIGHT OF BURSY: Surface

TYPE OF _BUROT AND PLACHMENT:
Surface burst from barge on
watcr

CLOUD TOP IDiGHT:
chun ToMfoM 1161

These were obtained

from acrial and ground surveys made by the Radiological Safety organi-

zation.
rate readings to II#1 hour.

181

The t-2+2 decay approximation was used to extrapolate the duse

54,000 ft MSL
27,000 Lt MSL


Cloud Height(MSL) And Diameter, 10° ft,

100 T T T T T T T —T “T T
80
L Cloud Top Height —\J y, ]
L 67,000 ft. 4d
r 4
60 LO =
L Y- 1
r ropopause + 4
a a 4
[ | Cloud Bottom Height |]
L 51,750 ft. 4
40) J
r oud Diameter 4
r 50,000 ft. 4
r 4
20r yf 7
Ly
° C 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 L 1 L 7

6

4 s 6 7 8 ]

°
nn
wo

Time, Minutes

Figure 35. Cloud Dimensions: Operation IVY - King.

58


TABLE 10 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION IVY = MIKE

Altitude H-hour
(MSL) Dir Speed
feet degrees mph
Surface 090 05
5,000 090 16
10,000 095 1q
15,000 115 17
20,000 125 14
25,000 170 15
30,000 220 20
40,000 230 17
50,000 220 ub
60,000 O40 09
70,000 100 23
80,000 085 og
90,000 280 12
100 ,000 250 23
110,000 300 23
120,090 [o}ite} 06
130,000 Calm Calm
135,000 Calm Calm

NOTES:
1. Tropopause height was 56,000 ft MSL at H-hour.
2. The surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature
29.4°C and the dew point 23.8°C.

54


TABLE 3 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION SANDSTONE = X-RAY

Altitude H-hour H+2 hours H+3 hours
_ (MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 10 090 12 070 16
2,000 -- 100 15 070 23
4,000 -- 100 12 090 23
5,000 14 (100) (12) (095) (2h)
6,000 oe -- 090 12 100 25
8,000 o-- -- 110 al 090 23
10,000 130 uw 130 15 080 16
12,000 oo -- 120 13 080 12
14,000 we -- 140 09 070 09
15 ,000 150 09 (1ho) (09) (075) (08)
16,000 --- -- 140 10 080 O7
18,000 --- -- 140 09 360 o7
20,000 160 09 140 02 210 02
25,000 230 12 220 le 120 09
30,000 eho 1h 210 15 os --
35,000 220 23 210 al - --
40,000 220 15 220 21 - --
45,000 220 34 220 37 aoe --
50,000 230 23 230 21 --- --
55,000 220 14 a -- --- --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL at H-hour.

3. The H-hour wind data was estimated by the USAF weather station
on Eniwetok Island. The H+2 and H+3 hour winds were measured.

4. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1190 mb, temperature 75°F,
and the dew point 71°F.

16


SCALE

0 10 20 30
miles
Rise rate: SOOOft/hr

Figure 138. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Sycamore.

233


T TT TTT TTT TTT TT
° raf
Oe 200

iz SON 4
3 r <4 - ad i"
> 500) N 50
nN L 4
° Janet Nd 5
§ fF 4
eb 2 a
3 Se
< |000)
= a 2 10 4
2

- Ke} 4

1500} N 5
= 0S 4
2009-11 Lut Lott boto 1
1500 1000 500 ° 500 1000
Distance From GZ, Yards
Figure 26. Operation GREENHOUSE - Item. Shot Island

dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

45


‘+ 5000 on Reef
vic. GZ

LAGOON

ENIWETOK ATOLL

GENE
HELEN
IRENE.

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

MACK
“a

t 2.3 4 §
STATUTE MILES

FRED

WENRY = gL eNN

Figure 155.

Operation HARDTACK I - Oak.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+1 hour.

267

ELMER


TABLE 66 ENTWELOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I - FIG

Altitude Range H-hour
(MSL) Dir _ Speed
feet degrees mph
0 - 1,000 080 17

1,000 - 2,000 090 19

2,000 - 3,000 100 18

3,000 - 4,000 110 19

4,000 - 5,000 100 18

5,000 - 6,000 100 18

6,000 - 7,000 090 18

7,000 - 8,000 090 al

8,000 - 9,000 090 21

9,000_-10,000 080 el

NOTES: 1. Wind data was obtained by the weather stations on
Yvonne Island (Eniwetok Atoll); which were located
1,000 yds and 1,500 yds from GZ.
2. The surface air pressure was 14.62 psi, the temperature
30°C, the dew point 78°F, and the relative humidity 77%.

”

sae
® Luiritiriidt
° : 0
Mites
1 Riss Rate. 5000 t1/re
°
Howe
Figure 179. Hodograph for Operation HARDIACK I - Fig.

315


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ye Iu/t uy seyet asop pue{sT
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259


TABLE 14 PIRLN WIND DATA FOR OPERATION CASYLE = KOON

~~ ieheur
Dix ed Dir ;
degrees mph degrecs phi
OO 23 erie) 20 080, 15
oe 20 --- -- --- --
060 18 080 23 080 lv
ogo 09 — -- --- --
120 08 090 aa 100 22
(240) (10) (120) (10) (090) (20)
6,000 Lye us 150 10 080 17
7,000 1yo 20 --- -- --- --
8,050 190 16 160 Wy 100 1s
9,000 200 16 --- -- --- --
10, 000 200 16 170 Vy 1kO OY
12,000 180 20 160 wy 150 12
Tine 200 09 170 10 180 12
15,C (200) (10) (170) (14) (180) (09)
16, 00% 190 12 170 17 180 08
18,000 200 12 180 22 280 03
220 0S 210 18 260 12
190 23 200 23 210 18
20,600 210 25 250 2h 220 36
35,000 210 32 2ho 28 220 36
40,000 230 39 250 38 250 55
45,000 280 28 260 43 eho ol
50,000 2ho Lo 260 37 250 AT
52,000 230 As --- os — --
55,000 --- -- 250 al 260 33
€0, 000 -- 290 15 2ho 07
65 ,000 -- 130 17 160 26
7,000 --- -- 150 40 110 26
15,000 “-- -- wee -- 080 29
79,009 --- -- oe -- 050 26

NOTES:
1. Numbers in parentheses ure estimited values.
ae as obtained on board the U.S.S. Curtiss.
3. Tropopause ht was 53,000 ft. MSL.
4. AL H-hour the sea Jeve cssure was 1009.7 mb, the temperature
81°F, the dew point 75°F acd the humidity 82%.

78


TABLE 63 ENIVETOK VIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — OLIVE

Altitude H-27 hours H-hour 4437 hours HQT hour!

(MSL) Dir Gpeed Dir a bir Cpeed Dir

degrees mph

uuph

feet degrees mph degrees degrees mpfr
Surface 310 18 230 18 130 18 160 al
1,000 130 25 130 23 120 20 140 15
2,000 230 32 130 29 130 ah 150 1
3,000 130 29 130 26 140 22 150 el
4,000 130 26 140 2h 150 20 150 al
5,000 130 26 140 2h 150 20 160 el
6,000 130 26 1ko 2h 150 22 160 20
7,000 120 29 130 28 1ko 26 160 17
8,000 120 29 130 29 140 28 140 7
9,000 120 26 130 25 140 ak 14o 16
10,000 120 23 130 23 140 22 140 16
12,000 110 23 120 23 130 22 140 20
14,000 120 2h 120 ak 130 ah 130 20
15,000 --- -- (120) (23), (230) (22) (140) (18)
16,000 120 23 120 22 130 20 140 18
18,000 --- -- --- -- 150 23 140 20
20,000 120 21 130 23 iho. 26 130 20
23,000 140 7 140 Wy 130 vv 130 20
25,000 140 ek 140 18 140 12 130 18
30,000 15 150 aT 150 2 110 15
35 ,000 iy 180 7 160 iy 150 10
40 ,000 13 180 15 180 lv 200 09
45,000 10 140 uh 130 18 100 10
50,000 OT 090 o7 150 o7 320 12
55,000 15 o70 15 100 wu 090 26
60,000 33 100 32 100 31 120 25
65,000 33 37 100 ist 090 38
70,000 -- -- 1lo 38 090 38
75,000 -- -- 090 52 0930 59
80,000 -- -- 100 70 100 6
85 ,000 -- -- 100 Th 090 67
90 ,000 -- -- 090 82 090 89
91,000 -- - Sooe - 090 ge
94 ,000 iid -- ooo -- 090 90 aaa --

Numbers in parentheses are estimted values.

Vind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.
Tropopause height was 48,000 rt MSL.

H-hour values were interpolated from H-23 hours and H+3} hours
data.

5. The surfece air pressure tas 14.64 psi, the temperature 26.4°C,
the dew point 76°F, and the relative humidity 89%.

301


TM T T T T T rT 4
C q
F 4
E | :
3 eh FJ
eo £ Cloud Top Height q
woe 5,400 ft q
oe £ q
oF 5
3 aE __ A q
re a
ef a4 q
of q
ag q
ec 4
eo £ q
no a f q
2b Ne
ae q
ok Cloud Bottom Height—_]
oe 4050 ft. q
ee va q
€ ff 4
oF q
ovo ££ q
e£ q
oF Cloud Diameter q
ALE J 1900 ft. | 4
= = 4
a2 f - ’
=ZeE ee eed eee q
Se q
ee — q
? F Va | J
2 fF Lem Diamet 4
| le e
2 'C F LL 1,400ft _
OF :
E a q
olf 1 ! ! ! | ! | 4
° ' 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time, Minutes
Figure 178. Cloud Dimensions: Operation HARDIACK I - Fig.

314


TARLE 25° BNIWM"OK WIND DATA FOR OMIM ON REDWING LLACKYOOT

TG

bir

2) hows WS)
Speed Dir

mph deere
130 14h 110 15 050 ned
o7o 08 o8¢ 18 080 18
080 16 080 16 ore) 17
3 2 090 15 090 16 080 1h
4,000 1000 18 100 15 090 16 080 12
5,000 100 15 300 vi 090 13 080 13
6,000 100 13 090 15 100 12 080 12
7,000 100 12 090 aa 100 12 080 12
&,000 100 12 ogo 13 100 13 100 13
9,000 090 09 090 12 100 13 100 13
10,000 O70 09 090 OT 096 10 100 VW
12,000 080 09 090 oT 100 09 100 08
Lr, 0co 090 08 110 10 100 09 100 09
15,000 (090) (909) (ace) (10) (200) (08) (120) (06)
16,000 090 09 090 12 110 OT 110 o7
18,000 ovo 16 080 09 090 12 120 06
20,000 o70 09 070 09 Kc 12 100 13
25,000 090 10 120 21 12 150 09
30,000 050 08 080 oT 7 12 170 10
35,000 280 wh eho 32 230 26 220 28
40,000 2ho 35 eho 28 2h0 23 230 23
45 ,000 2ho 23 250 lv 030 09 290 23
50,000 310 22 010 13 090 16 020 12
52,000 --- -- --- -- --- -- --+ “-
53,000 --- -- 030 20 w+ -- 020 23
55,000 090 20 --- -- 100 18 wee --
60,000 120 26 -- 100 20 --
65 ,000 060 17 -- 080 17 --
“(0,000 090 36 --- -- 090 50 --
71,000 090 36 -- --- “> --
75,000 --- -- -- 090 59 --
80,000 -- -- 090 59 --
82,000 --- -- =e -- 090 61 --- --
NOLES:

i. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

Tropopause height was 52,500 ft MSL.

Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.

+» At H-hour the sea level. pressure was 1012.5 ub, the temperature
81.1°F, the dew point 75.8°F and the relative humidity 8h.o%.

wn

140


°

Distance From GZ, Statute Miles
an

10
a Victor
NS Uscle Sugar |_. <S |
S ae 4
PA Borge Cee |]
E 4
isL Lt Job pe tt
5 to 5 ° 5
Distance From GZ, Statute Miles
Figure 82. Operation REDWING - Flethead. On-site dose

rate contours in r/kr at I+l] hour.

133


Cloud Height (MSL), Cloud Diameter, and Stem Diameter, 10° Feet

® T ]
L Cloud Diometer——w4
L 8,600 ft

T
n

L Cloud Top Height —4 4
a neooft a q
L L—| a
L ra 4
L LA 4

N

y
C 4
L © Cloud Height 4
3
| Cloud Diameter 4
2| .
Stem Diameter 7
1,950 ft 4
5 4
i}
ol 1
° 8 10 1s 20, «(25 ~” 38 40 45 sO ss 60 65
Time, Seconds
Figure 5. Cloud Dimensions: Operation CROSSROADS - Baker.

11


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Cedar

PPG Time CMT Sponsor: UCRL
TATE: 3 July 1998 2 July 1968
TIME: 0530 1730 SITE: PPG - Bikini - SW of
Charlie, 4,000 ft from
the island

Site elevation: Sea level
HEIGHT OF BURST: 10,84 ft
TYPE OF EURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst from barge
on water

0,000 ft MSL
25,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+4 hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land the
aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be obtained,
or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation of 25
feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were muitiplied by a factor of 2 in
order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true growuid reading.
The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39
survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t+? decay
approximation was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate readings
to H+l hour.

278


70; ns en ee T T T ——f TT
Tropopause Height 4 |
48 ,900ft. 4

Cloud Top Hgt 7]

65,700 ft.

cy
9°
TTTTTT TTT

J.

a
°
N

¥
Cloud Bottom Hejght

38,6004 7

TTT

Lit

Cloud Height MSL) and Diameter 1O°tt

40
|
E La 3
sop A loud Diameter —|
i" 37,500ft. 7
E Li [ J
a 4
20r 7 7 7
woh J
T q
°! 1 1 LL. rf | i
° t 2 3 4 6 6 7 8
Time, Minutes
Figure 84. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Flathead.

135


Clovd Height (MSL), 10° Feet

120

100

Q
°

a
°

>
°

20

240

E T q
7 Upper Limit Cloud Height q
E 102,000 ft. 4
—! ——___ Ta
[ a i yj 200
C y Lower Limit >
E Cloud Top Height x 4
C | 98,000 ft. 7
EF i | J
Cloud Bottom Height

c 59,000 ft. | 160
_ a 3
4 o
- 4 we
. 7 4 120%
E Tropopause | . s+ Ey
E | q 5
cr Cloud Diameter . =
C 106,000 ft = é
c + : so 3
tC 7 é
co4 q
rf q
cf q

? I 40
Ly q
? :
E q
E LI o
ie) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time , Minutes

Figure 32 . Cioud Dimensions: Operation IVY - Mike.

53




Cloud Height (MSL), 10°F.

40 i TTT TTT TT
Plume Height 7
Cloud Diameter Not 7
120 "Upper limit - I 240
r Cloud Top Height | - 7
Cloud Top Height 4
ear _tavor - ~ TF x0
| «PW Cloud 1 o
L iN Diameter No 2] 2
80 - 160
r Cloud Bottom Height 7 °
r J) 51,200 ft. 7 €
t A { 2
60 120 9
L 4 2
LY é
40 so °
r / Cloud Bottom Height 4
b / 45,000 ft. 4
20 Wa -~ 40
0 Jot ioe ae ee tet oe jt tty. tot
° 2 4 6 8 10 2 14 16
Time, Minutes
Figure 105. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Navajo.

172


ses

Slo

“aT -

44/44 O00S : 2404 asiy
soylw

08_09 O 02 0

31v90S

I MOWICUVH

uoytzetadg 103 syderZopoy

$29Q oa)
s29

susg osze

szsh os'28
$2000 Guy

S26

$16

%2ltH

yOJOM(UZ

$201

“OLL aanaty

%9

yopamyuz

+H

196


NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

YVONNE

7
®
e.
OSCAR
ZONA
LAGOON
yy Ns
pAroruce
we
ENIWETOK ATOLL 9 L—CLYDE
o 12 3 4 5 pavid
STATUTE MILES
ELMER
|
FRED
WENRY @LENN
Figure 131. Operation HARDTACK I - Yellowwood.

Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

219


Cloud Height and Diometer, IO Feet

ST TTT TTT TT TT TT 7
| Data Limited To H+38 Sec. Oue To a 4
Heavy Cloud Covering At Shot Time}

| Aj

10) 7”

L —Ht Beton, 4
8 ne -4
L L 4

6 _

LA Diameter
+ L— | :
|

Cloud Top Height

aA

2
obL itt are ererere ae re
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time, Seconds
Figure 98. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Mohawk

161


37.5

SCALE

Lrtositii bist

6 20 40 60 86 100
27.5 miles

Rise rate; 5000 fr/hr

32.5
32.5

75

s
25h asd Si2.s
olla) —)—_
12.50

v 7.5
H—-Hour H+3 H+6
Figure 44. Hodegraphs for Operation CASTLE - Bravo.

70


SCALE

47.50 a
0 20 40 60 680 100
miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr
42.50

47.5

42.5

37.5 32.5

32.5 275

275

s
2.5
78 4 @)—
H—Hour H+2 H+3
Figure 13. Hodographs for Operation SANDSTONE - Zebra

25


Cloud Diameter, 10° Feet

'40r—4 T T T T ne T 350
i. Upper Limit. / 4
~ Cloud Height 4
b Lower Limit J /|
LL Cloud Top Height + ae
ot —_{_iaooof, VN tt PZ s00
gL — 7
fre L
"oO } 4
~ 100 250
3 EK 4
3 i +f
€
= i: 4
a
& so 200
ao | 4
2 [ Diameter 4
ann 171, 400ft. 4
3 i +
a
= 60 4 = —150
[~ aa |
= | —“ J
o4 va
Zor Cloud Bottom Height 4
L 55,300ft. 4
3 |
3B 40 + - 100
rs) b i Stem Diameter 4
L 23,400 ft 4
L — 4
“t | + —|50
1 |
1 |
of i FT 1 1 \ ctlitirpitli ilo
° 1 2 3 4 Ey 6 7 8 E) 10
Time, Minutes
Figure 43. Cloud Dimensions: Operation CAST)E - Bravo.

68


TABLE 26 ENIWETOX WIND DATA FOR OPERATION ReiDWING KICKAPOO

Altitude 133 nour 49% hours
(SL) Dir ‘Spee Dir Speed _
fect degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface — O80 12 050 12 o8e 12

1,000 690 12 090 12 090 an

2,000 090 1h 090 14 oe) 14h

3,000 990 17 090, lq 100 Lh

4,000 ogo 16 100 15 090 13

5,000 100 14 100 13 090 10

6,000 120 12 120 12 O70 08

7,000 100 oy 120 12 080 07

8,000 080 06 100 12 ovo o7

9,000 060 09 100 12 070 08

10,000 630 10 070 03 060 09
12,000 030 13 oho 05 060 05
14,000 030 10 020 o7 050 05
15,000 (030) (08) ~— (020) (09) (050) (06)
16,000 020 06 020 13 oho OT
18,000 020 12 020 09 o4o 12
20,000 O70 12 050 O7 020 14
25,000 030 10 oho 15 030 23
30,000 360 og 350 17 010 15
35,000 350 12 350 18 forte) 15
40,000 360 20 020 18 030 15
4s ,000 350 22 020 2h BAU 23
50,000 3h0 eh 250 26 350 29
55,000 060 26 050 32 060 30
60,000 080 2h 090 16 070 25
65,000 300 31 110 37 100 39
70,000 090 46 090 51 090 51
75,000 090 11 100 61 100 56
€0, 000 100 Th 100 69 090 65
81,000 nee -- --- -- 090 65
85,000 100 7 090 19 ao --
90,000 090 83 090 80 --
95,000 100 90 090 86 --
98,000 100 90 --- -- --
100,000 woe -- 090 68 --
102,000 - -- 090 68 =
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated valucs.

2. Tropopause height was 53,100 ft MSL.

3. Wind data was cbtained by weather station on Eniwetok Island.

4, At the surface the air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature
29.6C, the relative humidity 71.

144


|

| eee Soe ee |
Oo ' 23 45
Sictute Miles

BIKINI ATOLL
OPERATION CASTLE
SHOT LOCATIONS

Figure 37. Operation CASTLE, Shot Locations.

61


OPERATION DOMINIC - Chena

LASL

LOCT cur SPONSOR:
18 Oct 1962 18 Oct 1962
0501 1601 s

OPERATION DOMINIC - Check Mate

___LOcT GMT.

Johnston Island
14° 32' N
108° 44.7' W

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over Pacific
Ocean

SPONSOR: DOD

20 Oct 1962
0830

19 Oct 1962
2130

REMARKS :

Johnston Island
16° 04' 20.57" N
169° 36' 35.95" W

SITE:

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

High altitude, from XM-23
Strypi (Sergeant) missile

This event was conducted as a part of the Fish Bowl Series.

330


OPERATION SANDOTONE - Yoke

PPG time GMT
DATE: 1 May 1gk8 30 Apr 19hB Sponsor: LASL
TIME: 0609 1809
SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Sally
11° «37' ~4o" N
162° 19' 27" E
TOTAL YIELD: 49 kt Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 200 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
FIREBALL DATA: Tower burst over coral soil
Time to lst minimum:
Time to 2nd maximum:
Radius to end maximum:

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 56,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT: 35,000 ft MSL

238

CRATER DATA: Not available

REMARKS:

No fallout pattern available. Cloud rerched tropopause in 12
minutes. Yoke rain-out was observed on Kwajalein at H+36 hours;
rain fell for 10 hours and the maximum activity observed was 6 to
10 mr/hr.

18


NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL 5 Z-clvoe
AVI
re eras ones)
o 12 3 4 5
LeRov__ STATUTE MILES ELMER
KEITH
vAMES —___~
FRED
IRWIN ——.
HENRY gL ENN
Figure 20. Operation GREENHOUSE - Easy. Atoll dose

rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

35


150,

prrrrTrryryttt TTT TTT TTT TTT
f- Tropopause Height + |
E 54,200 ft. (at H+9 Hr) ra q
= 125
S C 7
5 L -
a ool Cloud Diometer LA 4
100} —
5 10°F — 88,000 tt. Cioud Top Height 4
sof [~~ “75,0008 4
oe I =
§ ook L Lan _l _
S
6 8r ome correo 7
ec 7
5 £ “m 7
z so L x 7
J r Cloud Bottom Height 4
xz 55,000 ft. q
> oF 4
a 4
2 25
Gc =
° A a a OO OD HD OD OO
° 2 4 6 8 10 12 4 (6
Time, Minutes
Figure 94. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Dakota

155


OPERATION HWARDTACK I - Maple

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: UCRL
TATE: 11 June 1956 10 June 1958
0530 1730 SITE: PPG - Bikini - South of
Fox

11° kit 1k" ON
165° akt ok" EB
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 11.58 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst from barge on
water

40,000 ft MSL
TM

CLOUD ToP_1eIGuT

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+ hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor
of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-t+?
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate
readings to H+l hour.

242


102.5

27.5 0 10 20 2

22.5 Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

H-Hour
125 75 25

Figure 33. Hodograph for Operation IVY - Mike.

55


SCALE

| pit t 1 t 11]
fe) 5 10
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

H+ 3/,Hour

Figure 142. Hodograph for Operation HARDTACK I - Umbrella.

241


17.5

275 32.5

SCALE

betiwt tiy

0 20 40 60 80
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

Figure 11. Hodographs for Operation SANDSTONE - Yoke.

21


OPERAYION REDWING Kickapoo

PPG Time GMr
TF June 1956 T3 dune 1956 Sponsor: UCRL
1126 2326

SITE: PPG - Eniwetck - Sally
“7 30" 38" ON
162 19" 1" E

Site elevation: Sea Level

HE

Ov BURST: 300 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral scil

cLOUD TOP
CLOUD EOTTON

IGHT : 16,000 ft MSL
HEIGHT: 11,000 ft MSL

: Only island dose-rate readings are available. These were

ed from aerial and ground surveys made by the Radiological Safety
Organizetion. The pie? decay approximation was used to
dose-rate rudings to H+l hour. Heavy contamination was cuntered only
on Sally, the shot island. Significant alpha (plutonium) contamination
was also found on the shot island.

142


Cloud Height (MSL) And Stem Diameter, 10° Feet

140 -—T T T T T T T T 177 280
a Cloud Top Heigh v4 7
Clow op Height
120 sa 110,000 ft 240
- N, Wa 4
L L— -—— 4. +
Lo / 4
100 200
r 4
a / —t
80 160 ©
+ /— Cloud Diameter = 2
f- 128,700 ft, eter 4 ”
— an | °
{| 2
= 4 w
a 2
60 lx 120 2
L 7 Cloud Bottom Height 4 2
f 61,300 ft. a
[- 7 2
L. 4 3
oO
«0 7 80
\— Stem Diameter 4
= \ 17,400 ft. (Ref. No.) jt --]
an an —|—
a 40
J J 4 H rt Li Lt,
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time, Minutes
Fignre $5. Cloud Dim:nsions: Operation CASTLE - Yankee.

8

8


OPERATION ARGUS -

CMT
© Sep 1956
2213

Local time
pony 5 Sep 1956
TIME: 2113

1-2 kt estimated

TOTAL YIELD:

MM

3

Time to 2nd maxim
Radius at end maximum: NM

REMARKS: No fallout

ARGUS III

318

Sponsor: DOD
SITE: South Atlantic
4g? 30' Ss
10° 2h' ow
HEIGHT OF BURST: ~ 300 miles
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

High altitude burst

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD Bi



SCALE

| {it
Oo 20 40 60
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

67.5

Figure 162. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Cedar.

281


“mMoy T+H 4B aq/2 UT SMojuod ayer TIO

SSW 3LNivis
Sb o¢ 2 1 oO

oee
Riv INDE

rofeAR

- ONIMGZY topzeredg + ¢oT ammaqyz

Ss
” J} ,

6 1 OAVee:

170


TABLE 8 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION GREENHOUSE ~ GEORGE

Altitude H-hour H+6_ hours H+12 hours
_(MSL) Dir Speed _Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 2ho 1 260 16 130 12
4,000 260 35 --- -- --- --
5,000 (250) (32) 260 25 220 15
6,000 250 31 --- -- --- --
10,000 250 48 270 31 260 26
14,000 — -- 260 30 270 4.
15,000 260 26 (260) (31) (260) (40)
16,000 --- -- 260 32 260 39
20,000 230 23 220 32 260 23
25,000 190 25 200 23 240 37
30,000 230 2k 180 20 180 33
35,000 270 20 160 18 160 31
40,000 290 18 200 13 160 26
45 ,000 170 03 010 07 170 16
50,000 310 15 --- “- 030 AL
55,000 020 12 --- -- --- --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL at H-hour.

3. At H-hour at a pressure of 1,000 mb the temperature was

27°C and the dew point 23°C.

42


TAPL® 15 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION CASTIN= UNLON

Altitude l-hour Wey hears _ 16 hours 7
(MSL) Dir Spced___ Dir dia
fleet degrecs mph degrees mpl
Surface 050 20 090 16 8
1,000 060 ah o-- -- --
2,000 080 al 090 22 wh
3,000 090 20 --- -- --
4,000 090 al 090 20 Q 10
5,000 (100) (20) (090) (18) (160) (10)
6,000 110 aL 080 wa 110 le
7,000 120 al --- -- --
8,000 130 20 080 17 VU
9,000 120 18 wee -- --
10,000 110 1a 100 ‘B)
12,000 350 oh 060 oh
14,000 360 O7 020 OT
15,000 (300) (18) (010) (08)
16,000 eho 29 360 0g
18,000 290 16 260 08
20,000 260 7 220 1h
25,000 200 38 220 18
30,000 250 6 290 33
35,000 eho 51 260 36
40,000 250 46 260 39
45,000 250 16 2ho 4h
50,000 260 32 210 50
55 ,000 220 10 110 29
60,000 180 17 340 16
65,000 -ee -- 100 20
70,000 -- 090 31
75,000 -- 040 50
80,000 -- 100 7
85,600 - -- 085 ny
90,000 -- 050 --
95 ,000 --- -- 220 == --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses ore esiimted valu

2. Wind data was obtained on board the U.S.

3. Tropopause height was $7,000 ft Mul.

K. At Hehour tie sea level pressure was 1007.4 mb, the temperature
81°F, the dew point (6°P and the homidity Goh.

Curt

83


TABLE Sl ENIWETOK WIND IATA FOR HARDIACK I- WALNUT

Altitude H-3 hour 153 hours W103 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir. “Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 070 16 100 1T 080 17
1,000 070 22 070 25 060 17
2,000 080 22 080 20 070 al
3,000 090 22 100 20 080 a1
4,000 090 22 100 20 090 21
5,000 090 20 100 18 090 ak
6,000 090 1T pate) al 090 26
7,000 090 15 110 al 090 ak
8,000 090 15 110 lr 100 20
9,000 100 15 10 wy 100 16

10,000 100 15 100 15 120 17

12,000 090 15 120 10 090 12

14,000 110 ly 110 08 120 o7

15,000 (110) (20) (120) (09) (110) (08)

16,000 110 23 130 12 110 09

18,000 110 23 120 22 120 15

20,000 110 al 130 20 120 us

23,000 150 uw 110 OT 130 as

25,000 200 13 130 O7 140 18

30,000 180 29 160 14 170 ak

35,000 190 ak 160 29 (170) (26)

40,000 210 26 160 28 170 28

45 ,000 150 16 160 26 170 45

50,000 140 16 180 30 210 28

55 ,000 110 09 170 06 =-- --

57,000 --- -- --- -- 050 15

60,000 080 20 080 17 090 20

65,000 100 26 no 30 (090) (23)

70,000 090 29 090 28 080 28

75,000 48 090 39 (080) (38)

80,000 ST 090 53 090 59

85,000 69 090 69 --- --

90,000 3 100 16 5h

9,000 B --- -- =

95 ,000 ~ 100 T --- -

100,000 -- 100 90 090 83

105,000 --- -- 090 34 090 18

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weether station.

3. Tropopause height was 54,000 ft MSL.

4. The surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature 27.1°C,
the dew point 76°F, and the relative humidity 84.

252


OPERATION DOMINIC - Adobe

Locr GMT. LASL
25 Apr 1962 25 Apr 1962
0545 1545 SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-10
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC - Aztec
__LOCT GMT. SPONSOR: LASL
DATE 27 Apr 1962 27 Apr 1962
Tr 0601 1601 SUE: Christmas Island, GZ-10
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
HEIGHT OF BURST:
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Aix (free fall), over Pacific
Ocean
OPERATSON DOMINIC - Arkansas
LOCT ___GMT SPON LRL
DbLt 2 May 1962 2 May 1962
TIME: 0801 1801 SITE: Christmas Island, G2-15

319

SI} Sea Level.

ELEVATION:

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE _OF BURST AND PLACE H
Aix (parachute drop), ever
Pacific Ocean



OPERATION HARDTACK I - Dogwood

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: UCRL
6 duly 1958 5 July 1956
0630 1830 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of

Janet 4,000 ft to nearest
edge of island (Sta. 1312)
11° 39' 48" ON

162° 13' 48" BE

HEIGHT OF BURST: 12.25 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLAC
Surface burst from b.
> ft MSL on water
000 ft MSL

CLOUD TOP

oon)

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+) hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multipl? by a factor
of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true
ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys
was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The
te? decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose-
rate readings to Ht+l hour.

282


64.5
52.5

H-HOUR

H+3

76.6
SCALE

0 20 4 60

MILES
RISE RATE+ 6000 FT/HR
Figure 106, Nodographs for Operation REDWING - Navajo.

174


OPERATION NARDTACK I - Holly

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL
21 May 1938 20 May 1958
0630 1830 SITE: | PPG - Eniwetok - West

of Yvonne, 4,000 f>
from the nearest edge
of the island
11° 32' 38" N
162 21' 22" EF

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 13.06 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst rrom barge on
water
Water depth: 40 ft

CLOUD TOP
CLOUD EO?’

15,000 ft MSL
T: 7,060 ft MSL

REMARK:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization
at H+ hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot
at an clevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied
by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the
true ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys
was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The
t-1+2 decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose
rate readings to H+l hour.

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60


SCALE

© 10 20 30
miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr
275, 32.5 32.5 o75 325
22.5

17.5

75

Ss 2.5

H—Hour

Figure 158. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Hickory.

273


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84


TABLE 60 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I - POLAR

Altitude H+) hour H+O" hours
(MSI ) Dir Speed Dir Gpeed
feet degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 060 us 070 18
1,000 070 22 o70 21
2,000 060 ok 080 2h
3,000 060 22 080 22
4,000 060 22 080 20
5,000 050 22 090 15
6,000 060 al 090 14
7,000 O7O 18 080 17
8,000 o70 Us 080 20
9,000 070 o7 070 aL

10,000 060 13 ovo ak

12,000 080 22 070 26

14,000 100 18 090 21

15,000 (100) (15) (100) (21)

16,000 110 13 100 al

18,000 120 16 120 16

20,600 150 12 110 16

23,000 220 o7 100 16

25 ,000 260 08 110 14

30,000 --- -- 210 09

35,000 -- 210 16

40,000 --- -- 210 17

45 ,000 -- 130 21

50,000 -- 210 31

55,000 — -- 180 12

60,000 -- 090 25

65 ,000 -- 090 ab

70,000 -- 090 36

72,000 --- -- 080 uy

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Weather observations were made using the standard rawinsonde
system on Nan Island (Bikini Atoll) adjacent to the Nan Tower.
Additional data was taken on board destroyers.

Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL.

The surface air pressure was 14.62 psi, the temperature 27.9°C,
the dew point 81.9°F, and the relative humidity 99%.

Ww

288


OPERATION DOMINIC -

Questa

1LocT Gut SPONSOR: LASL
4 May 1962 4 May 1962
0904 1904 SITE: Christmas Island, 62-15

OPERATION DOMINIC -

LOCT
6 May 1962
1330

OPERATION DOMINIC -

LOCT
8 May 1962
0801

Frigate
Bird

Gut
6 May 1962
2330

Yukon

8 Nay 1962
1801

320

EVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BUR. AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall); over
Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: LRL

SITE: Johnston Island danger area
4° 50' N
149° 49' W

SIE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Aix, from Polaris missile

SPONSOR: LRL
SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-10

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean



97.5
5 625

y, 4 5
ogg | ays egs 725 TAS es

H+9

SCALE
tobutiotiitiis
Oo 20 40 GO 80 100

MILES

RISE RATE 5000 FT/HR

avs
5 | 28x RONGERIK
5S
725 ot H+2t
B75 2S : 575
92.5
97.5
101.5
Figure 75. Hodographs for Operation REDWING - Zuni.

119


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Fir

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: UCRL
DATE: 12 May 1958 11 May 1958
TIME: 0550 1750 SITE: PPG - Bikini - SW of
Charlie 4,000 ft from
nearest edge of the istand
1° bit a7" ON
1659 16" 25"
Site elevation: Sea ievel
HEIGHT OF BURST: 9.58 vt
TYPE OF BURST AND PIACEMENT:
CLOUD TOP HIGHT: 90,000 ft MSL Surface burst vrom 0 on
CLOUD Bort liIGHT: NM water
REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at Hth hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to lund the
aircraft at the decired spot, so that a ground reading could ve ob-
tained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor
of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-1-2
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+4 hour dose rate
readings to H+l hour.

193


YUMA

HH henry MY hours
Dir Rix Speed
deprees mph deer ces degrees mph
080 Pl ogo 090 Lh
080 2h 090 099 26
080 31 100 090 30
080 35 100 100 33
080 35 S 100 100 36
080 32 [elsie) 33 100 110 30
090 28 080 33 100 120 28
7,000 090 28 080 36 090 110 30
8,000 090 es) 080 38 ogo 110 35
9,000 090 30 080 37 090 39 110 36
10,000 090 30 080 31 090 43 120 35
12,000 090 25 080 2h. 090 ho 1,00 32
L4., 000 110 23 090 1 090 14 ogo 28
16,000 1ho 22 240 16 110 16 100 me)
18,000 1ho 17 150 1h 120 18 120 15
20,000 180 05 100 12 100 1h 100 12
25 ,000 170 26 160 21 180 12 270 08
30,000 260 el 190 22 160 21 220 23
35,000 230 35 220 35 190 AL 220 NT
40,000 220 55 210 Nh 200 55 200 52
45,000 -- 230 51 eho 35 230 ho
50,000 -- 270 WS 250 32 230 eu
55,000 -- 210 29 ele 38 2ko 28
60,000 -- G60 1 0c 10 160 15
65,000 -- cé0. 37 100 39 100 32
70,000 -- 110 38 100 38 100 31
75,000 -- 090 37 100 ho 090 37
80,000 -- 100 47 100 39 100 uy
85,000 -- 090 LT 090 53 100 5h
90,000 -- 110 60 100 55 100 60
95,000 -- 109 68 090 or 100 7
93,000 -- wee -- 100 85 --- --
100,000 --- -- 100 89 oe -- 100 68
102 ,000 --- -- 100 92 --- -- --- --
NOTES:
1. Tropopause height was 59,500 ft MSL.
2. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.
3. H hour values were interpolated from data taken at H-2 hours and
JH1 hour.
4. At the surface the air pressure was 1.64 psi, the temperature

2T.5°C, the dew point 23.9°C and the relative himidity 80%.


GENE
HELEN
FLORA IRENE, NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL 5 -cv0e

—S 9 Smo
or 2 34 5 °

STATUTE MILES
08 ELMER

03
FRED

HENRY = gcenn

Figure 16. Operation GREENHOUSE - Dog. Atoll dose
rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

29


OPERATION DOMisLC - Housatonic

LRL

Johnston Island

0501 13° 36.8' WN
172° 13' W
Sea Level
Air (parachut drap), over
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC = King Fish
LOocT GMT. SPONSOR: DOD
1 Nov 1962 1 Nov 1962
0110 1210 SITE: Johnston Island

16° 06' 48.61" N
169" 40' 56.02" W

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

}

GHT_OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLA
High altitude, from thor
missile

REMARKS :

This event was conducted as a part of the Fish Bowl Series:

332


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154


Statute Miles

Distance from GZ,

200 TOT TOT ae en TT TT TT
I 4
150: —-_
[ (rTM J
100 4
F 4
50 /
wa 7
L a
F 30> $0 4
[{}
J
+ lo 5 SF 4
r 4
50 11 1 on et 1 1 1 J 1 |__ 1 1 it
150 100 50 ie) 50 100

Figure 108.

Distance from GZ, Stotute Miles

Operation REDWING - Tewa.
Off-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.

177


OPERATION CROSSROADS - Able

PPG time our
T Jul 1946 30 June 1946
0900 2200

TOTAL YIELD: 23 kt

FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: NM
Time to 2nd maximum: TM
Radius at 2nd maximum: ~ 576 ft

REMARKS:

Sponsor: LASL and DOD

SITE: PPG - Bikini
11° 37' 10" WN
165° 29' 28" §£

Site elevation: Sea level
HEIGHT OF BURST: 520 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air burst over water

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 40,000 ft MSL
CLOUD POTTOM HEIGHT: Not available

CRATER DATA: No crater

The residual radioactivity on target vessels was low. On D+tl day,
radioactivities greater than O.lr per 24 hours were found on only 13

vessels.
negligible.

The residual radioactivity in the water after H-hour was


TABLE 39 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I— KO

Altitude ii-* hour +5" hour H+11" hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir od bir 5
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees “iaph

Surface 050 18 060 18 060 18
1,000 070 29 080 32 080 26
2,000 o7c 31 070 38 080 29
3,000 080 32 O70 37 080 29
4,000 080 36 080 29 090 31
5,000 090 33 080 29 200 26
6,000 100 29 090 23 220 26
7,000 100 31 100 18 100 26
8,000 100 31 109 20 080 23
9,000 090 25 100 20 070 20

10,000 090 25 120 18 090 1s

12,000 100 29 130 20 120 13

14,000 120 25 150 ub 120 03

15,000 (110) (20) (150) (ak) (160) (07)

16,000 120 a 140 erry 190 12

18,000 110 12 140 w 180 05

20,000 070 08 130 05 220 09

23,000 200 09 180 18 180 16

25,000 270 1h 160 18 170 a

30,000 250 ah 2ho aL 250 an

35,000 190 31 170 31 180 ei

40,000 220 29 190 29 230 31

45,000 2ho 4o 260 52 (255) (32)

50,000 290 36 280 35 280 33

55,000 280 B 230 a 200 33

60,000 140 17 210 o7 270 12

65 ,000 090 O7 060 08 (210) (09)

70,000 100 16 130 09 150 o7

74,000 = -- --- -- 670 16

75,000 100 23 070 20 080 18

80,000 31 090 36 109 30

85,000 ur 100 53 =-- --

90,000 59 10 7 100 61

92,000 66 =-- -- o-- =

95,000 -- 100 17 --- =

100,000 -- 100 83 100 68

105 ,000 -- 100 85 --- --

110,000 -- 100 126 100 15

128, 000 --- -- — -- 100 101

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 57,000 ft MSL.

4. The surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature 27.2C,
the dew point 74°F, and the relative humidity 79%.

204


SCALE

dented
20 40 60
miles

Rise rate; 5000 ft/hr

775

H—-Hour H+IY,
425
32.5 338
275/625 575 475
« . ”
"e 72.5 8789 O—-c'52.5
22.59 Ss
175 ro
12.5°75~
' '
H+34 H+54
Figure 85. liodographs for Operation REPWIIG = Flathead.


OPERATION HARDIACK I= Pisonia

CLOUD TOP.
CLOUD BOT

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LASL

18 July 1958 17 July 1958

1100 2300 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - 11,000 ft
W of Yvonne
11° 33' ON

162° 19! 13" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 6.5 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface burst trom barge on
55,000 ft MSL water
1M

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were
obtained from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys
at lit) hours. The helicopter survey technique called tor the
pilot either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a
ground reading could be obtained, or to make a WwW pass over the
desired spot at an elevation of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25
feet were multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a
reasonable approximation of the true ground reading. The basic
instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey
meter modified to read up to 500 rfhr. The t-?*? decay approxi-
mation was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate readings to H+l
hour.

291


Figure 89.

SCALE

Lititit
0 10 20 30
miles

Rise rate: S000 ft/hr

52.5

s 75
t i)
H+3), H+9%

Hodographs for Operation REDWING -

52.5

Kickapoo


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SSTIW BLNLVLS

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243


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Fig

Gur Sponsor: UCRL - DOD
18 Aw: L95G
0.00 SITE: FPG - Eniwetok -
Yvonne
11° 33 15" N
162° 21' ak" og
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF Bt :

TYPE OF
Surface
over Nevada soil

CLOUD TOP HEIG
CLOUD

REMARKS:

The dose-rate contours were obtained by ground survey readings made by
scientific projects. Actual decay measurements were used to correct
the dose-rate readinzs to Il hour. The portion of the pattern on the
island is reliable. Yhat portion which is over water is less reliable
because it was not based upon free-field dose-rate readinjs but upon
calculations made from readings taken on rive barges and from samples
collected in sticky pans mounted on 87 buoys.

312


TABLE 28 LNIWRTOK WIND DATA FOR OP#RATION ibWtiC— INCA

Altitude _W-1 hour H-hour Hie 45 hour TS how
(MSL) Dir z Dir Speed Dir S Dir Speed “Dir Sp
feet aepr degrees mph des Pees Tipht dopre mph deer
Surface 150 12 140 an 110 18 090 12 090 18
1,000 100 20 100 20 090 21 080 21 080 16
2,000 100 22 1c0 23 090 24 oyo 23-080 20
3,000 110 26 100 26 090 28 100 29 080 26
4,000 110 29 100 29 090 28 100 29 ~~ 080 26
5,000 110 29 100 29 ogo 29 100 29 080 23
6,000 110 29 110 29 100 30 100 28 090 20
7,000 100 29 100 29 100 30 100 24 090 17
8,000 100 29 100 30 100 31 100 2h 120 23
9,000 090 29 090 29 100 29 100 24 110 ah
10,000 090 29 090 28 100 2h 100 24 100 2k
12,000 090 29 090 28 100 24 090 20 ogo al
14,000 106 29 100 26 100 23 090 22 100 23
15,000 (100) (28) (100) (26) (100) (23) (100) (21) (100) (22)
16,000 100 28 100 26 100 23 100 21 100 22
18,000 080 2k 080 24 Ox 23 110 20 090 22
20,000 080 22 080 23 26 100 22 090 20
25,000 010 25 020 22 16 010 13. oko 09
30,000 eho 18 220 16 lz 180 14 150 13
35,000 210 25 200 23 17 170 1h 210 10
40,000 210 30 29 26 270 17-260 30
45,000 230 36 36 35 270 31 300 26
50,000 --- -- 23 2k 020 17 100 13
55,000 -- 22 21 110 21 110 Ly
60,000 -- -- -- 100 25 ogo 2h
65,000 -- -- -- 100 29 080 2h
70,000 -- -- -- 090 hg 100 of
75,000 -- -- -- 100 53 100 he
80,000 -- -- -- 110 te} 100 43
85,000 -- -- -- 100 54 090 56
90,000 -- -- -- age 83 090 Th
95,000 : -- -- -- 090 97 090 uy
97,000 oe -- --- -- oor -- ore -- 100 43
100,000 --- -- --- -- --- -- 3,00 85 --- --
NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 54,400 ft MSL at H+5 hours.

3. Wind data was obtained by the weuther station on Eniwetok Island.

4, H-hour values were interpolated from data taken at H-1 hour and H+2 hours.

5. At the surface the air pressure was 1/:.63 psi, the temperature 28.6C and
the relative hwnidity 814.

151


OPERATION DOMINIC - Truckee

-—L0cT GMT
9 Jun 1962 9 Jun 1962
0537 1537
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC — Yeso
LOCT GMT. SPONSOR: LASL
10 Jun 1962 10 Jun 1962
0601 1601 SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-20
Sea Level
OPERATION DOMINIC - Harlem
LOCT GMT SPONSOK: LRL
DATE: 12 Jun 1962 12 Jun 1962
TIME: 0537 1537 SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-17

325

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (parachute drop} over
Pacific Ocean



OPERATION GREENHOUSE - Item

PPG Time GMT
25 May 1951 24 May 1951
O61T 1817

REMARKS:

Sponsor: LASL

SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Janet
11° kot 23" N
162° 14! 55" §E

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 200 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

4o,00c ft MSL
XM

CLOUD TOP HEIG!
CLOUD BOTTOM

The survey readings of the shot island, Janet, were obtained by the
Radiological Safety Organization at H+2k and H+72 hours and extrapolated
to H+l hour by the t-!*® decay approximation. Most readings were
obtained from a helicopter flying at an altitude of 10 to 20 feet and
the observations were considered representative of readings 3 feet
above ground. Such recdings may be low by 20 to 50 percent.

44


375

25

H-Hour

SCALE

Litititit
0 10 20 30 40
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

225

625 ‘575

Figure 144. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I -

245

Maple.


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Wahoo

PPG Time CT Sponsor: LASL/DOD
16 May 1958 To May 195
1330 0130 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok -south by

SSW of Irwin about 6,000
ft from the island
11° 20' 41" N
162° 10' 4b" &
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: -500 ft under
water

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Underwater - Device suspended
by a cable. Water depth
3,200 ft

PLUME TOP HEIGHT: 1,760 ft MSL
at 155 sec
PLUME DIAMETER: 3,400 ft MSL

REMARKS: at 155 sec

n 25 minutes after
ve material.
sat

"Nearly all of the total gamma dose occurred with
zero time and was due to the passage of airborne radicac»
Gamma doses in excess of 100r occurred with
downwind distances less than 16,000 feet. In both
residual field to deposited radioactive materiei was rele
insignificant, although radioactive foam may represent a radio
hazard."

206


TABLE 44 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — MAGNOLIA

Altitude H-hour W46 hours TLL how
(MSL) fir Gpeed Dir Upoed Dir 5
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees riph

Surface 090 16 120 16 090 12
1,000 080 4 100 16 080 uy
2,000 080 14 100 1h 100 09
3,000 090 1h 100 10 080 09
4,000 100 1s 100 09 090 oT
5 ,000 120 10 090 09 090 08
6,000 120 OT 070 OT 090 06
7,000 080 05 oro oT 060 03
8,000 070 08 070 09 020 06
9,000 o70 09 060 09 oko 06

10,000 070 09 060 09 030 03

12,0C0 060 09 140 03 260 03

14,000 oho 12 110 06 is 05

15,000 (oko) (ib) (110) (07) (110) (05)

16,000 050 05 100 09 080 05

18,000 100 09 190 09 080 09

20,000 130 09 090 12 070 12

23,000 090 16 070 1s 050 15

25,000 080 12 060 14 020 13

30,000 060 31 060 31 030 al

35,000 060 25 oko 20 030 23

40,000 080 ab 060 30 050 25

45,000 090 39 060 22 020 18

50,000 oko 2h 020 30 350 16

55,000 050 23 050 35 050 28

60,000 050 31 050 25 080 20

65,000 100 15 070 23 100 BY

70,000 080 18 110 22 090 al

75,000 090 37 110 32 090 ak

80,000 090 hg 100 52 100 48

85,000 090 71 100 on 090 61

90,000 090 78 100 6h 090 69

91,000 090 78 --- -- --- --

95,000 --- -- 100 68 080 7

100,000 -- -- 100 69 080 64

105 ,000 -- 100 80 --

120,000 -- 100 99 --

123,000 --- -- 100 101 --- -

NOTES:
1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 54,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 26.8°C,
the dew point 72°F, and the relutive humidity 76%.

224


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OPERATION HARDTACK I - Umbrella

PPG Time CMT Sponsor: DOD
TATE: 9 June 1950 oc June T9500
TIME: 1115 2315 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - NNE of
Henry

11° 22' 51" N

162° 13" 09" E
Site elevation: Sea level
Water depth: 150 ft

HEIGHT OF BURST: 150 ft underwater

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Sub-surface burst on lagoon
bottom

REMARKS:

The pattern was obtained from a total of about 80 points which is
really too few to place much reliance on the rather pronounced lobing
of the downwind contours. "Nearly all of the total gamma dose occurred
within 25 minutes after zero time and was due to the passage of air-
borne radioactive material. Gamma doses in excess of l00r occurred
within the first 15 minutes at downwind distances less than 14,000 feet.
The residual field due to deposited radioactive material was relatively
insignificant, although radioactive foam may represent a radiological
hazard."

238


SCALE

Lorttiritiiid
0 20 40 60
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

62.5

418
H-HOUR

Figure 22. Hodographs for Operation GREENHOUSE - Easy.

38


OPERKATIGN DOMINIC = Tanana
Locr Gut SPONSOR: LR
25 May 1962 25 May 1962
0608 1608 Sit Christmas Island, G2-10
ATION: Sea Level
TYPE OF B T_AND PLS ENT:
Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC - Nambe
LocT GMT. SPONSOR: LASL
DATE: 27 May 1962 27 May 1962
TIME: 0702 1702 SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-10
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
HELGHT OF BURST:
TYPE OF BURST AN) PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean
OPERATION DOMINIC - Alma
LOCT GMT SPONSOR: LASL
8 Jun 1962 8 Jun 1962
0702 1702 Christmas Island, GZ-15

324

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT _OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean



92.80—___ ors

— 82.5
TOTES 72.8 ~ZS_828 875
62.5
22.5
87.5
82.5
775 72.5 675 €°.5
——GS__835 ers
SCALE
tu
© 20 40 60 80
MILES

RISE RATE 5000 FT/HR

Figure 74, Nodograpiis for Operation REDWING - Zuni.

118


TABLE 41  ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HWARDIACK I- HOLLY

Altitude H-3 hour H+53 hours H+103 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Spe
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees saph

Surface 080 16 090 23 080 23
1,000 080 ek 080 26 070 26
2,000 080 26 080 26 070 alt
3,000 080 26 080 ah 080 ok
4,000 080 an 070 22 080 26
5,000 080 23 070 17 080 ah
6,000 090 1k 080 17 O70 20
7,000 100 10 100 17 080 16
8,000 120 12 120 1 110 7
9,000 150 12 140 14 120 14

10,000 180 12 150 10 150 09

12,000 210 05 210 10 210 05

14,000 280 10 240 05 270 02

15,000 (270) (07) (200) (05) (300) (05)

16,000 250 05 150 05 320 07

18,090 220 05 120 02 280 09

20,000 220 09 220 10 ako 12

23,000 250 12 260 09 210 10

25,000 270 13 290 05 240 10

30,000 280 ek 280 og 240 el

35,000 --- -- 280 22 270 20

36,000 270 2k --- -- --- --

40,000 220 22 200 30 190 39

45,000 210 38 210 43 210 32

50,000 230 20 270 17 270 18

NOTES

1 Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 27°C,
the dew point 75°F, and the relative humidity 15h.

212


S75

52.5

SCALE
oe oe
Oo 20 40
32.5 miles
27.5, Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr
22.5,
17.5
12.5
H+2
2.5
275
22.5 s
os H+3
175 (2.5 ° 2.5
Figure 9. Hodographs for Operation SANDSTONE - X-Ray.

17


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A-9


TABLE 2 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION CROSSROADS — BAKER

Altitude H-hour Altitude H-hour
(MSL) Direction Speed (MSL) Direction Speed
feet degrees mph feet degrees mph
Surface 200 03 14,000 080 09
2,000 160 12 15,000 080 09
4,000 160 12 16,000 080 13
6,000 150 09 20,000 110 09
8,000 150 08 25,000 050 12
10,000 120 09 30,000 obo 20
12,000 110 14 35,000 060 32
NOTES:

1. Surface wind data was obtained at H+l hour on Bikini;
upper wind data was obtained on board the "Fall River."

2. Tropopause height was 54,000 to 60,000 feet (exact height
is uncertain).

3. At H-hour the surface air pressure was 14.68 psi, the
temperature 28.9°C and the dew point 25.0°C.

SCALE
5 10
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

H - Hour
Figure 6. Hodographs for Operation CROSSROADS - Baker

12


OPERATION

Crossroads
Sandstone
Greenhouse
Ivy

Castle
Wigwam
Redwing
Hardtack I
Argus

Dominic

Appendix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

4
13
26
sO
61
97

100

185

316

319


TABLE 23

ENJWEROK WIND DAYA FOR OPERATION REDWING = SEMINOLE

AItitu

a 1-3, hour Thou WE how: 1S how

) Dir ed Dix Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 100 13 100 12 090 09 080 12
1,000 090 16 090, 15 080 ah O70 20
2,000 090 16 090 7 090 20 070 20
3,000 ogo 18 090 18 oge 1T 100 20
4,000 090 18 090 ly 080 Vy 100 20
5,000 090 18 090 17 080 qe 090 ly
6,000 100 15 090 iS 080 a 080 16
7,000 106 10 100 12 100 1k 080 0g
8,000 100 10 110 12 120 1h 100 08
9,000 090 B 090 13 100 aN 110 08
10,000 090 a 090 a 080 wy 090 08
12,000 090 12 080 10 070 08 100 o7
14,000 090 05 090 06 100 09 140 0
15,000 --- -- (100) (06) (100) (09) (Calin)
16,000 100 05 1.00 06 100 09 Calm
18,000 110 02 110 03 310 05 Calin
20,000 oho 08 060 09 090 10 160
25,000 030 09 110 13 260 al 2ho
30,000 250 uy 250 17 Fare) 23 eho
35,000 250 23 20 23 230 220
40,000 eho 20 eho 20 230 230
45,000 250 eT 250 30 260 250
50,000 260 18 260 20 270 270
55,000 360 05 340 OS 300 290
60,000 090 13 080 12 060 120
65,006 090 26 100 26 pare) 110
70,000 O70 AS 080 4? felsie) 090
75,000 090 €0 090 60 100 100
80,000 090 63 090 63 090 200
85 ,000 100 15 100 76 090 100
gO ,000 100 TT 100 79 690 090
93,090 alate -- --- -- 090 090
95 ,000 100 81 100 80 wee -- wee --
100,000 100 68 100 68 aoe -- --- --
NOTES:
1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Tropopause height was 52,200 ft MSL. (Reference 149).
3. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on Eniwetok Island.
4, H-hour values were interpolated from data tuken at H-1 hour and
if2 hours.
5. At the surface the air pr ive was 14.64 psi, the temperature

30.5°C, the dew point 2h. /°C and the reiative humidity (1p.

130


OPERATION DOMINIC - Blue Gill Triple Prime

GNT. SPONS DOD
26 Oct 1962
0959 Johnston Tsland

16° 24° 57,03" N
169° 367 11.15" W

EVATION: Sea Level

HEICHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
High altitude, from Thor missile

REMARKS :

This event was conducted as part of the Fish Bowl Series.

OPERATION DOMINIC - Calamity

LOCT om SPONSOR: LRL
27 Oct 1962 27 Oct 1962
0446 1546 SITE: Johnston Jsland
14° 31,1' N

168° 15.6' W
SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level
HEIGHT OF BURST:
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean

331


GENE
HELEN
IRENE. NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ENIWETOK ATOLL g_~—CLYDE

o 1 23 4 5 AVID
STATUTE MILES

ELMER

FRED

WENRY  gLENN

Figure 167. Operation HARDTACK I - Pisonia.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

292


n

9A TTT TT TTT 7 Tt

| Tropopouse Height +
2,30 9

| 52,300 ft. (at H+9 Hr) Obseured By

60 Cloud Cover

Diameter_!0 ft.
TT

\
\

20; i Thunderhead
Ze Cloud Top Height
Sob 94,000 ft. a |
Q -
= a0 MM
2 / i Cloud Bottom Height

Cloud Diamete ¢'

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te 7 ‘
for LL ctoud Bottom Height
ann a 44,000

oLttitirr tire titi tr ir ti riti pips pire

ro) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time, Minutes
Figure 69. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Cherokee.

108


“TTY | TTT TTT PT pT ey -
i
|
!
4
|
}

STATUTE MILES

DISTANCE FROM GZ

lad
mpbithiitgtitpis itr jai|

DISTANCE FROM 32, STATUE MILES

Figure 42. Operation CASTLE - Gravo.
Off-site dose rate contours in r/hr at. H+] hour (RAND).

67


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205


OPERATION SANDSTONE - Zebra

PPG time GMT
DATE: 15 May 1948 14 May 19h8
TIME: 0604 1804
TOTAL YIELD: 18 kt
FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: NM
Time to end maximum: NM
Radius at 2nd maximum: NM.

REMARKS:

No fallout pattern available.

22

Sponsor: LASL

PPG - Eniwetok ~ Yvonne
ue 33" 15" N

162° 21' ak" E -
Site elevation: Sea level

SITE:

HEIGHT OF BURST: 200 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP_HEIGHT:

28,400 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT:

20,000 ft MSL

CRATER DATA: Not available


SCALE

Lit

Oo 10 20 30 40
miles 52.5

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

42.5

32.5

52.5
H-Hour H+2% H+5%
Figure 87. Hodographs for Operation REDWING - Blackfoot.

141


27.5

22.5

SCALE
o 10 20 30
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

H- Hour  H+5%

Figure 140 . Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I -

Rose.

237


H-Hour

H+5
42.5

SCALE
Lut sti)
fe) 10 20 30 40

miles

O 47.5
Figure 3. Hodographs for Operation CROSSROADS - Able.


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oscar

LAGOON

ENIWETOK ATOLL

Oo 1 2 3 4 5 —
STATUTE MILES

LERCY__

JAMES —-___~

FRED
IRWIN

WENRY GLENN

Figure 86. Operation REDWING - Blackfoot.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

139


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A-2


APPENDIX A

Announced United States Nuclear Detonations

Yields are listed as: Low (less than 20 kt)
Intermediate (20 to 999 kt inclusive)
Low Megaton (one to several megatons).

Prior to October 1958, testing was conducted on an intermittent
basis and each series of tests was designated by a series name, such
as OPERATION CROSSROADS. The United States conducted no tests from
October 30, 1958 to September 1961. After resumption of testing, tests
were conducted year around and were listed by fiscal year. For example,
all NTS tests during FY-1962, which ended June 30, 1962, were in the
OPERATION NOUGAT series except for four surface tests (Little Feller [
and II, Small Boy and Johnny Boy) designated DOMINIC II, which were a
continuation of the DOMINIC I series conducted in the Pacific.


DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute

Defense Nuclear Agency
National Naval Medical Center
4 cy ATTN: Director

Assistant Secretary of Defense
Public Affairs

Assistant Secretary of Defense
Manpower Reserve Affairs & Logistics

Assistant Secretary of Defense
Health Affairs

Assistant Secretary of Defense
Legislative Affairs

Assistant to the Secretary of Defense
Atomic Energy

Defense Advanced Rsch. Proj. Agency
ATTN: Director

Defense Documentation Center
12 cy ATTN: 0D

Defense Nuclear Agency

DOST
STSP
VLWS.
2cy Director
2 cy BA
2 cy PAO
4 cy Gc
1 cy TITL

Deputy Asst. Secretary of Defense
Energy, Environment & Safety
ATTN: G. Marienthal

Commander
Field Command

Defense Nuclear Agency
FCTMOT
FCPR
FCPRA

Chief
Field Command
Defense Nuclear Agency
Livermore Division

ATTN: FCPRL, L-395

Chief Field Command
Defense Nuclear Agency
Los Alamos Branch

Undersecretary of Def. for Rsch. & Engrg.

Department of Defense
ATTN: P. Winter

Director
Interservice Nuclear Weapons School

Dist-1

DISTRIBUTION LIST

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Deputy Chief of Staff for Rsch., Dev. & Acq.

Department of the Army
ATTN: DAMA-CSS-N

Cormander
Harry Diamond Laboratories
Department of the Army
3 cy ATTN: DELHD-N-CC

Office of the Chief of Staff
Department of the Army
ATTN: DACS-DMA, D. Way

Director
U.S. Army Ballistic Research Labs.
2 cy ATTN: DRDAR-BLB, J. Maloney

Commander
U.S. Army Nuclear & Chemical Agency

Commandant

U.S. Army Ordnance & Chemical Center and School

ATTN: H, Whitten
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

Commandant.

Marine Corps
Department of the Navy
2 cy ATTN: J. McNabb

Commander
Naval Ocean Systems Center

Commander
Naval Sea Systems Command
ATTN: SEA-08, M, Miles

Of ficer-in-Charge
Naval Surface Weapons Center
White Oak Laboratory

Commanding Officer
Naval Weapons Evaluation Facility

Navy Nuclear Test Personnel Review
5 cy ATTN: J. Buckley

Commander-in-Chief
U.S. Atlantic Fleet

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
Air Force Institute of Technology
Air University

ATTN: ENP, C. Bridgeman

Air Force Nuclear Test Personnel Review
4 cy ATTN: Commander


IRENE, NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA
LAGO ON ALYIN
a
‘pwrvce
\ )
ENIWETOK ATOLL , L-cuvoe
a DAVID
re) 1 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES
LEROY__47 E]f/—--ELMER
WW
/
KEITH
JAMES ————__—_
FRED

HENRY gLENN

Figure 111. Operation REDWING - Huron.
Island dose rates in r/hr at If hour.

182


OLFRAVION DOMINIC - Otowi
Loy oe,
2° Jun 1962 22 Jun 19G2
9506 1600
OMSRATION DOMINIC - Bighorn
hoor ME
27 Jun 1962 27 Jun 1962
0519 1519
OPERATION DOMINIC - Bluestone
LOT GM~
30 Jur 1962 30 Jun 1902

obeal 1521

327

SPONSOR: LAs

Christmas Island, GZ-10

SY:
SITE VATION: Sea Level

WEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURS'! AND PLACEMENT:
Air (free fall), over
Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: IRL

SITE: Christmas Island, GZ-30

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BUROT AND PLAC
Air (parachute dro;
Pacific Occan

SPONSOR: LRL

SITE: Chirstmas Island, G2Z-25

SITE ELEVATION: Sea Level

HEIGHT OF BURST:

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean



OPERATION GREENHOUSE - Dog

PPG time GMT. Sponsor: LASL
8 Apr 1951 7 Apr 1951
0634 1834 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Yvonne

11° (33' 21" N
162° 21' 16" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 300 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 56,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT: 23,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

The dose-rate readings were corrected to H+l hour by applying the
t-1:2 law to measurements made by the Radiological Safety organi-
zation. Measurements on Yvonne were made at H+83 hours. Many of
the measurements were obtained from a helicopter flying at an altitude
of 10 to 20 feet above the ground. These readings may th-ret'ore be
low by as much as 20 to 50 percent. The wind shear at about 20.900
feet accounts for the higher dose rates on the southeastern part of
the atoll, as compared to the southern end of the shot island.

27


OPERATION REDWIEG = Apache
Gg Tin cur Sponsor: UCH,
nl 1656 Bul 1956
0606 1806 VVG - Bniwetubk - Plora
1 ker ay" ON
yOo2 Jet Ol" B

Site cl

HEIGHT OF BURGE:

Sea level

Surface

water

over the

REMATI

Only island dose rate readings are available.
aerja] and ground surveys nade by the Radiclogical
The 12+? decay approximition was u Lo extrapol
readings to I#L hour. This shot produced execeptic

throughodt the upper islands of the atoll. Water

ese were taken by
afety organization.
te tne doce
ally heavy contamination
n the north end of

rate

the lagoon was highly contaminated for a considcrable distance from the

shot island, and as the lt and debris were moved
the contamination spread widely.

164

out by lagoon currents,


TABLE 56 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDIACK I — HICKORY

Altitude H-hour H+6 hours H+12 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 090 09 050 23 080 17
1,000 080 23 080 28 080 22
2,000 080 23 080 36 080 ak
3,000 080 ek 080 36 080 23
4,000 090 ok 090 16 080 al
5,000 090 ek 090 31 070 20
6,000 090 el 080 29 060 el
7,000 090 22 090 au 060 21
8,000 090 20 090 22 070 18
9,000 090 17 080 15 990 el

10,000 100 18 070 12 090 20

12,000 100 ub 050 13 070 21

14,000 110 15 070 1k o70 al

15,000 (200) (17) (070) (10) (070) (21)

16,000 100 20 060 08 070 21

18,000 110 al oko 15 060 23

20,000 110 12 oko 16 030 15

23,000 100 09 030 06 oko 09

25,000 060 06 --- -- 010 16

30,000 Calm Calm 010 07 050 03

35,000 160 08 100 08 110 12

40,000 --- -- 110 09 070 08

45 ,000 --- -- ou 20 020 wy

50,000 -- 140 10 060 03

55,000 -- 350 12 350 28

60,000 --- -- 070 40 080 35

65,000 -- 120 25 090 18

70,000 -- 070 41 080 62

72,000 --- -- 060 AL --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken on board ship within 30 nautical miles of
the tower at Nan Island, Bikini Atoll.

3. Tropopause height was 51,000 ft MSL

4, The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 27.8°C,
the dew point 81.3°F, and the relative humidity 84%.

272


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AAvHS
VaNNNL

A4aVHS

L4avHS

1aN904

434908
douaaly
dONOsTY

ASVHS

430908

13an90a
AAVHS
dououly
ASVHS
douayly
A4VHS
dOUGNIY
AAVHS
AdVHS
AAWHS

adAd

wauv

wauy
vay

V3uv

vauv

w3uv

v3uy

vauy

v3uv

SiN
SIN

SiN

SAN

SI NOASNHOT

ISI NOASNHOT
VSI NOASNHOF
ASI NOASNHOr

SiN

VSI NOLSNHOT

ISI NOASNHOr
SiN
SI NOLSNHOT
SiN
VSI NOISNHOF
SN
si NOASNHOr
SIN
SAN
SAN

NOLAv907

2osets2y AVeHON
2or2ts2t NOSIOWW
zosLos2t OVYONSL

ANZWdO73A30 391A30
2oscestt VIASOOVNY

SWM 49 SN3L - 3ONLILIV HOIH
2974008 AdOB1HOTL

Swy 30 SN3L - JONATA 1¥ HOIH
2o/TOstT WSISZONIX
29/08/01 OINOLVSNOH
29722704 ALIWMVVWO
z2972e70t 331NVS

SWH 30 SN3A - JONATA HOTH
29792701 3W1ed= 19193018

SW 40 SN3A - JONATA l HOIH
29702701 34VWHOSHO
23/6T/0T 4009 T10NVE
29/9Ts0T VHYHD
23/2t/0T BxONVOU
23/90/01 ‘ONIdWNB
29/S070T Idd ISSISSIW
29720701 WINSO9SOUONY
29/62/60 ANBH93ITIN
29702760 W83d
29/%3760 XWMAH

(199) 344 BWWN LN3A3

SNOILYNOL30 YV3TINN S3AVAS G3ILINN OZINNONNY


TABLE 55  ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — OAK

Altitude Hy hour WET hours 19% hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir cpecd
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 120 16 090 12 100 22
1,000 090 22 080 lt 100 30
2,000 100 ab 080 22 100 30
3,000 100 2k 080 22 100 28
4,000 100 ak 090 20 100 60
5,000 no 22 100 20 100 23
6,000 110 20 110 17 100 16
7,000 120 20 120 17 100 18
8,000 120 20 130 17 100 18
9,000 130 18 130 awd 100 WW
20,000 ho 1T 130 17 100 1B
12,000 150 16 130 18 120 13

14,000 130 18 150 22 130 12

15,000 (130) (17) (150) (21) (130) (09)
16,000 130 Ww 150 20 130 OT
18,000 130 17 150 20 130 oT

20,000 130 18 160 20 200 05

23,000 1bo 17 160 26 70 12

25,000 140 22 150 23 170 12

30,000 140 16 140 20 190 09

35,000 --- -- 1h0 16 160 10

40,000 120 20 110 16 100 16

44,000 060 Ww --- -- --- --

45,000 (070) (4) 090 18 080 17

50,000 090 2B 160 el 1bo 08

55,000 (100) (12) 070 08 Oko 12

57,000 110 2 --- -- --- --

60,000 --- -- 080 31 080 30

65 ,000 -- 090 33 100 35

70,000 -- 090 43 090 AL

T5 4000 -- 090 56 090 54

80,600 --- -- 100 6T 100 61

85,000 - 100 oT 090 18

90,000 -- 090 72 090 8h

91,000 -- 090 B + --

95,000 -- --- -- 090 82

100,000 -- -- 090 95

105 ,000 -- -- 100 106

110,000 -- -- 100 115

2124 ,000 - -- -- -- 090 121

NOTES:

I. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 50,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.64 psi, the temperature 27.3°C,
the dew point 76.5°F, and the relative humidity 87%.

268


H- Vp Hour ®

SCALE

Oo 40 80
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

—()}—_-

Figure 154. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I - Elder.

, §s
H+ll/

265


SCALE

Lohoitirl
Oo 20 40 60
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

475

62.5

57.5
42.5, 47.5, 52.5
37.5

22.5, 27.5, 32.5

17.5
12.5
7.5
s
2.5
H- Hour H+3 H+6
Figure 60. Hodographs for Operation CASTLE - Nectar.

96


OPERATION RELWING - Blackfoot

PEG Time GMT Sponsor: TASL
12 June lYb6 11 June 1956
0626 1826 PPG - Eniwetok - Yvonne

11° 33! oh" ON
162° el! 31"
Site elevition: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BUI 200 ft

TYP OF BURST AND PLACKMENT:
Tewer burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP _HETGUL: 25,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM JIGME: 14,000 ft MSL

Only island dose-»ate readings are available. These were obtained
from acrial and gr d surveys made by the Radiological Safety organi-
zation. ‘he t**? decay approximation was used to extrapolate the
dose-rate readings to H+l hour. Heavy contamination from this shot,
fired on central Yvonne, was limited primarily to the shot island.
liowever, the photo tower on Mack was highly contaminated from the
fallout.

138


SCALE 745

Oo 20 40 60 72.5
miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

675
62.5
57.5
22.5
175 275
12.5
145)
$92.5 . s i)
H+ Hour H+8%
Figure 166. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Poplar.

289


TATLE 16

PIRI WIND DVPA POR OPERATION CAST =

YANKEE

Altitnd: Ing hou
(4s) Dir Dia peed
Jeet mph deer depy mph

Surface 28 040 18 060 20 020 15
1,000 26 -e- -- weno -- --- --
2,000 eg 070 29 090 26 080 ee
3,000 28 - -- --- -- --- --
4,000 26 O70 25 110 30 090 23
5,000 (25) (980) (2k) (10) (29) (090) (20)
6,000 23 090, 23 110 29 090 18
7,000 al --- -- nee -- -n- --
8,000 13 oho 13 ogo ek 110 12
9,000 oy --- -- --- -- --- --

10,000 06 320 02 080 Wy 1ho 10

12,000 06 290 02 (lee) 08 180 O7

14,000 06 350 09 110 03 210 OS

15,000 (10) (290) (08) (200) (06) (220) (06)

16,000 15 PhO o7 290 o8 230 06

18,000 10 330 13 290 14 2h0 12

20,000 16 260 10 280 12 260 10

25 ,000 26 25 ho 280 36 250 32

30,000 39 eho 18 280 33 260 he

35,000 -- 260 16 280 31 270 66

40,009 -- 260 29 260 2 260 51

45,000 oh 280 46 280 25 280 14

50,000 5) wee -- 270 62 170 30

55,000 53 --- -- 260 33 140 3t

@,000 --- -- --- -- --- -- 140 46

NOLES:

1. Numb« in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind d obtained on boure the U. S. S. Curtiss.

3. Tropopeuse height was 55,000 ft MSL.

4. At I-hour the sea level pressure was 2018.8 mb, the temperature

80.8°F, the dew point 75.0°F und the rs

89

itive humidity 84g.


800 TTT TTT tt

TITTtT
Lijit

700
600 \
500

400

41

4

TTTT
1

[os oe

TT TT

|
ee

ow
fo}
fo}
TTT
6
bird

Distance from GZ, Yards
8
3
TTTT
fo)
J P|
= aA
Litt

1

1

TTTy

100g
100 rt wid N 10

T

T

100

200 moth a td
300 200 100 °O 100 200 300

Distance from GZ, Yards

Figure 177. Operation HARDTACK I - Fig.
On-site dose rate contours in r/hr at H+l hour.

313


275

22.5
175 32.5
12.5
75 25 S$
H—Hour
275
7.5
H42%
SCALE
ce] 10 20 30
miles
17.5) 27.5 032.5 Rise rate : 5000 ft/hr
225)
12.5
7 25°
H+8y,
Figure 130. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I ~ Nutmeg.

217


TABLE 36 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — CACTUS

Altitude Wey hour
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir
feet degrees mph degrees
Surface 060 16 060 16
1,000 070 2h 060 29
2,000 o70 25 060 ak
3,000 060 26 060 26
4,000 060 2k 060 28
5,000 060 23 050 25
6,000 060 23 oko 2h
7,000 080 15 030 ag
8,000 090 10 010 08
9,000 110 05 oko 05
10,000 060 03 160 08
12,000 200 02 220 10
14,000 150 12 180 13
15,000 (130) (a5) (160) (13)
16,000 100 18 130 14
18,000 100 18 1hk0 15
20,000 120 18 140 15
23,000 090 13 150 x
25,000 050 09 230 15
30 ,000 270 ly 260 26
35,000 --- -- 230 32
40,000 220 37 39
45,000 290 35 33
50 ,000 310 39 23
55 ,000 230 o7 18
60,000 260 lq na
65,000 os -- 2
67,000 210 o7 =:
70,000 120 08 05
75 ,000 070 13 12
80,000 080 31 23
85,000 080 52 33
90,000 090 60 ho
95 ,000 ciated 7 62
96,000 100 57 oo: --
100,000 *- 090 49
105,000 -- 090 51
110,000 -- 090 59
112,000 oo -- 090 61
NOTES:
I. Number in parentheses are estimated values.
2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.
3. Tropopause height was 51,000 ft MSL.
4, he surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature 26.7°C,

the dew point 72°F and the relative humidity 76%.

191


OPERATION CROSSROADS - Baker

PPG time GMT Sponsor: LASL and DOD
25 Jul 1946 2h Jul 19h6
0835 2135 SITE: PPG - Bikini - Near How

11° «37' 10" N
165° 29! 28" BE
Site elevation: Sea level
TOTAL YIELD: 23 kt
HEIGHT OF BURST: -90 ft

TYPE OF BURST _AND PLACEMENT:
Underwater - cable-support
FIREBALL DATA: 90 ft above lagoon floor.

Time to lst minimum: NM Lagoon was 180 ft deep.

Time to 2nd maximum: NM

Radius at 2nd maximum: NM CLOUD TOP. GHT: 7,600 tt MSL
Diameter: 3 oO ft maximum

3301
1,800 ft miniman
Depth: 25 ft

REMARKS:

The contamination pattern is unreliable. The dose-rate readings
used for the pattern were obtained from the total do: measured by
film badges collected between DtlO days and D+15 days. The radioactivity
on the target vessels diminished At its greatest.
extent the base surge extended about 2,000 yd upwind, 3,000 yd crosswind
and 4,C00 yd downwind. "The contamination resulted from fallout or
radioactive rain from the mushroom head reinforced somewhat by condensution
of the base surge. Ideally there should have been an annular infinitive-
dose pattern as a result of fallout from the outer edges of the mushroom
head. This ideal pattern was changed because of the intermittent be-
havior of the rain-out and because of the varying ability of the different
target ships to retain the fallout activity."



TALLE 17 ENTWNTOK WIND DATA POR OPERA'LON CASTLE = NECTAR

Altitude H-hour +3 hours _ tg hours
(M31) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
fect degrees mph degrees mph deyrees mph

Surface 090 22 070 23 090 23
1,000 090 ek --- -- --- --
2,000 100 20 110 el. 100 20
3,000 110 22 --- -- --- --
4,006 110 22 110 20 0 16
5,000 (110) (18) (100) (16) (150) (16)
6,000 110 16 100 14 160 MW
7,000 100 Vy --- -- --- “+
8,000 100 12 120 13 160 16
9,000 110 13 --- -- — --

10,000 110 16 130 16 170 16

12,000 120 20 140 12 190 20

1h ,000 110 21 120 16 200 2]

15,000 (120) (17) (120) (18) = (200) (18)

16,000 130 my 120 18 200 Wy

18,000 140 14h 2co 08 190 VW

20,000 130 og 150 é1 190 15

25,000 190 O7 210 06 Calm

30,000 230 19 200 1h Calin

35 ,000 210 10 210 29 180 16

40,000 210 29 210 21 180 10

45,000 230 37 240 2h Calm ada

50,000 280 4o 280 27 Calm Calm

55,000 290 Yh 310 30 230 1s

60,000 --- -- --- -- eho 18

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was obtained by the weather station on
Eniwetok Island.

3. Tropopause height was 56,000 ft MSL.

4. At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1006.) mb, the temperature
80°F, the dew point 75°F and the relative humidity 85%.

95


montn paciric ocean

deewoon

Laaoon

EMIWETOX ATOLL
OPERATION MAROTACK I

SHOT LOCATIONS.

sterore mes

sumone

Geanoe

Figure 113. Operation HARDTACK I, Shot Locations, Eniwetok Atoll

Wople
Redwood

‘Nutmeg
Hickory
Juniper

Reference No.163

BIKIN, ATOLL
OPERATION HARDTACK I
SHOT LOCATIONS

‘Yucce (High Altitude) Detonoted GO Miles West of Binin!

Figure 114. Operation HARDIACK I, Shot Locations, Bikini Atoll

185


CHEHOR EE ex
(ACTUAL

cn

spaxie
rat

Teatnc no,
eRe) ke mavas

bd
ore sas
Stotute Mates

Figure 63. Operation REDWING, Shot Locations, Eniwetok Atoll.

ween
lm NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
wae pt
vee
re We ma Se BR
we winty
HURON oe SE gay
A

PACKE

KICKAPOO ane
" x, YVONNE
e mentor RC
eat
ERIE \

a
SS} mvcr
my
ENIWETOK TOLL oot
OPERATION nEOHING
SHOT LOCATIONS Quem
rhb
ser Toke bas ff
wm
on

tweon

Pee

HENRY glun

Figure 64. Operation REDWING, Shot Locations, Bikini Atoll.

100



ra As)
SCALE

72.5 0 20 40 60
. miles

Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr
67.5

62.5

67.5
22.5
12.5
7.5
(®) $Q2.5
H—Hour H+4 H+10
Figure 132. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Yellowwood.

221


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Quince

_PPG Time GMT Sponsor: UCRL - DOD
% 198 © Aug 1956

0215 SITE: PPG - Rniwetok - Yvonne
11° 33' 15" N
162° 21' 2k" gE
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF

TYPE OF BUR

Surface

1,500 ft MSL on coral soil
NM

cLoup

REMARKS:

Only alpha contamination resulted from this detonation. Surface
alpha monitoring was conducted throughout the area on D and D+l day
with PAC-3G gas-flow proportional alpha counters. The readings
were taken in counts per minute, corrected for the probe are:,
and multiplied by the appropriate shielding factors to compensate
for the roughness of the surface monitored. The two isoconcentration
lines shown are the most significant ones, since 3,500 ic/m? is
the chronic hazard limit and any concentration in excess of 1,000 wen?
requires decontamination. It is interesting to note that in the great
majority of cases the alpha concentrations in the downwind area were
higher on D+l than on D day.

308


SCALE 52.5

o 10 20 38
miles

Rise rate: 5000ft/hr

375

3,
H+ 4Hour H+7%4

Figure 170. Hodographs for Operation HARDIACK I -

298


TABLE 38 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I - BUTTERNUT

Altitude H-t hour H45 = hours: #112 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Epeed bir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 080 12 080 17 070 16
1,000 090 ak 080 ak 080 28
2,000 090 25 080 2h 080 29
3,000 090 25 090 29 090 29
4,000 100 21 090 28 100 26
5,000 120 18 100 ah 110 ak
6,000 120 18 120 au 130 al
7,000 150 16 150 al 130 17
8,000 150 13 170 16 150 3
9,000 130 09 170 15 170 15

10,000 100 10 120 08 160 10

12,000 090 09 190 o7 230 09

14,000 080 09 150 09 200 09

15,000 (080) (14) (120) (09) (iho) (09)

16,000 070 18 090 09 080 08

18,000 100 12 110 09 O70 OT

20,000 100 09 90 oT 070 05

23,000 110 o7 160 02 340 05

25 ,000 Caln Calm 200 03 300 08

30,000 280 22 270 1T 270 2k

35,000 (230) (41) eho 36 220 33

37,000 210 49 --- -- --- --

40,090 230 43 220 39 210 37

45,000 260 LZ eho 28 250 35

50,000 250 4o 260 33 260 4o

54,000 280 21 --- -- o-- --

55,000 --- -- 250 16 260 17

60,000 200 05 250 09 300 12

65,000 --- -- 080 12 250 15

66,000 070 2 --- -- = a

70,000 080 16 070 18 050 10

72,000 100 25 --- -- o-- --

75,000 --- -- lo 16 100 ly

80,000 090 37 110 20 080 20

8h ,000 100 36 --- -- --- --

85,000 os -- 110 29 100 38

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 53,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.63 psi, the temperature 27°C,.
the dew point 74°F, and the reletive humidity 80%.

199


GENE
HELEN
IRENE.

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ZONA

ALVIN
t jad
yy pruce
hy
ENIWETOK ATOLL g-~-CLYDE
oes es ce AID,
ool 2 3 4 5
STATUTE MILES
ELMER

FRED

HENRY @LeNN

Figure 116. Operation HARDTACK I - Cactus.
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+l hour.

190


TARLE 20 WIND DARA FOR OPERAGLON RiepwiNG = ZUNI (cowed)

_ “Pik ind
Altitude 1H) how Il5 hours
(MSL) Dix Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph
Surface 080 Ph 090 23 070 15
1,000 090 2 080 ah 080 oh
£,000 100 31 080 23 080 ph
3,000 10¢ 3L 090 20 080 al
4,000 100 28 090 18 080 16
5,000 100 ey felvie) 18 080 13
6,000 100 25 090 20 090 12
7,000 100 26 100 21 090 12
8,000 100 31 100 21 090 ay
9,000 090 30 090 21 090 uk
30,000 090 26 100 21 090 12
12,000 100 25 100 22 090 i
1k ,000 080 31 090 al 100 12
15,000 (080) (26) (090) (18) (100) (1)
16,000 O70 22 090 17 090 18
18,000 090 18 100 ok 090 an
20,000 070 eh 090 23 080 el
25,000 050 25 O70 20 060 23
30,000 230 el 200 13 020 26
35,000 230 31 200 13 220 15
40,000 21c 16 210 26 230 eh
45,000 220 7 220 38 230 28
50,000 250 31 230 32 310 25
53,000 --- -- 2ho 31 --- --
55 ,000 290 16 one -- 010 07
60,000 110 23 -- 150 aT
65 ,000 090 26 -- 090 ah
70,000 090 31 -- 080 23
75,000 090 37 -- 090 40
60,000 090 36 -- 080 “7
85,000 090 Mh -- 090 52
90 ,000 090 5 -- 080 56
95,000 100 65 -- 080 69
96,000 200 65 -- --- --
99,000 --- -- --- o- 080 82
NOTES

1. Numbers in parenth:ses are estimated velues.
2. Wind data for H4t9 hours and WLS hours were obtained on
board the U. S. 5. Curtiss. Wind data for H+?l ho
obtained by weather station on EUniwetok island (Ror,

was
erik Atoll).

116


OPERATION CASTLE - Bravo

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: LACL
T Mar 1954 PE vet 195)

OGh5S 1845 SITE: PPG - Bikini - on reef between

TOTAL YEKLD: 15 Mt

Site elevation: Sca level

FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: 313 to 350 msec
Time to 2nd maximum: 3.54 to 3.95 sec
Radius at nd maximum: 9,512 ft CLOUD TOV

CLOUD bOTLO

7 ft

114,000 ft

953300 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PIACEMENT:

Surface burst from platform on CRATER DATA: Diameter: 6,000 ft
Coral soil Depth: eho Tt
Lip: Ap ently

hed away

REMARKS:

The on-site fallout pattern was constructed from survey me ements on
Bikini Atoll, and from samples obtained with the total collec and
gummed paper collectors. The free-floating sea stations were not in the
correct location to receive primary fallout. The dsta were extrapolated
to Htl hour by the composite gamna-ionizationedecay curve obtained from
samples measured in the laboratory.

This is the only megaton shot where some downwind land arcas were un-
expectedly contaminated; thus, partial documentation of fallout eff
was possible. However, the major porticn of the fallout occurred over
the open occa: and was not documented, Eccause this shot is one of those
used as the LVasis of fallout predicticr fer megaton yield weapons, three
off-site fallout patterns arc presented. ‘The mosy widely known pattern
is shown in Figure 40. It was construc:e1 immediately after the event
from the preliminary data available at Vas, #MSWP. The second pattern
was constructed by NRDL by establishing an experimental model; the field
data plus a thorough analysis of the wind ¢ sting at und after
shot time was used. The third pattcrn wa wructed by RAND Corp., by
supplenenting field observations with mode] calevulations.

63


TABLE 48 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — UMBRELLA

Altitude H+, hour HG hour:
{MsL) Dir Speed Dir Upeed
feet degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 060 23 23
1,000 050 26 --
2,000 060 ak --
3,000 070 ak --
4,000 080 25 --
5,000 080 28 --
6,000 090 28 --
7,000 100 al <=
8,000 100 17 --
9,000 100 20 --

10,000 100 ah --

12,000 110 18 a --

14,000 120 15 070 09

16,000 100 09 060 15

18,000 160 05 80 O7

20,000 070 OT 190 05

23,000 090 02 030 09

25,000 080 06 360 05

30,000 050 06 350 7

35,000 330 ay 250 15

40,000 260 uw 270 15

45,000 270 15 200 29

50,000 280 10 200 20

55 ,000 160 08 150 06

60,000 140 o7 oko 08

65,000 090 ok 120 22

70,000 100 20 080 16

75,000 100 45 --t --

80,000 100 5ST 090 57

85 ,000 090 ST --- --

90,000 090 62 090 63

95,000 090 63 cone -

99,000 --- -- 090 56

100,000 090 60 --- --
105,000 090 58 --- --
NOTES:

1. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

2. Tropopause height was 54,000 ft MSL.

3. The surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature
Be the dew point 72°F, and the relative humidity
3%.

240


TABLE 12 WIND DATA FOR OPMIWITON CAULLE - BRAVO

TRI tude Hehowr WS hours INS hours
(Mi1.) Dir Speed Dir _ 0 Speed
fect 3 mph degrees mph

Surtace 060 Ve o7o 1% 060 Po
1,000 070 20 --- -- + --
2,000 090 el 070 23 090 16
3,000 090 20 oe -- =e --
4,090 090 16 090 le 100 1G
5,000 (100) (10) (099) (10) (090) (13)
6,000 220 05 080 13 0&0 09
7,000 310 05 --- “+ --- --
8,000 310 05 300 o7 350 03
9,000 320 08 --- -- — --
10,000 310 06 150 13 300 li
12,000 310 12 320 el 330 7
14,000 290 16 330 12 300 12
15,000 (290) (15) (330) (Ah) (2)
36,000 290 15 320 1v 12
16,000 290 15 300 26 16
20,000 280 15 296 26 20

25,900 260 22 210 2 a
30,000 250 30 230 36 33
38,000 eho ho --- -- 55
40,000 230 ho -- SL

45,000 250 52 wee -- 51
50,000 250 36 -- 92
55,000 200 18 -- 13
57,000 340 31 --- -- --- --

NOLES:

2 ted values.
2. Nehowr wind data w ed on bonrd the U.S.S. Curtiss.

3. Tropupause height was 55,000 Pl MOL.

4, At ii-hour the sea level pressure was 1006.1 mb, the temperature
80°F, the dew point 72°F and the relative humidity 77%.

69


GENE

Nortn PACIFIC OCEAN

Rusy
PEARL SALLY

=

MACK
a“

230

LAGooN

ENIWETOK ATOLL

y cuvbe
Oo 1 2

3 4g 5 DAVID
STATUTE “MILES
LERoy__ 2

FRED

HENRY

GLENN

Figure 120 + Operation HARDTACK I

Butternut,
Island dose rates in r/hr at H+1 hour,

198


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Pine

PPG Time GM? Sponsor: UCRL
a7 July 1958 26 July 198
0830 2030 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - SW of

Janet, 6,000 rt to
nearest ed ot island
11° 39"
162° 13' 11"
Site elevetion:

HEIGHT OF BURST

CLOUD

Not available

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. Th were obtained
from the Radiological Sufety orginization helicopter surveys at
H+k hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass 0 desired
spot at an elevation of 25 feet. Readimrs taken av 25 reet were
multiplied by a ractor of 2 in order to obtain a re a
approximation or the tru ound reading. The i
used in the acrial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified
to read up to 500 rf/hr. The t+** decay approximation was used
to extrapolate the Ht hour dose-rate readings to Hl hour.

303


OPERATION DOMINIC = Pamlico
__LOCT GT.

Ti Jul 1962 9 1h Jul 1962
0537 1537

OPERATLON DOMINIC - Androscoggin

LocT. GMT
DA 2 Oct 1962 2 Oct 1962
TL 0517 1617

OPERATION DOMINIC - Bumping

1602

329

SPONSOR: LAL

SITE: Christmas Island, G2-25

SITE Sea Level

EVATION:

HEIGI

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: URL

Johnston Jsland
13° 38.5' N
172° 11.1! W

SITE:

N: Sea Level

TYPE GF BURST AND PLACEME
Air (parachute drop); over
Pacific Ocean

SPONSOR: LRL

Johnston Island
14° 30' N
168° 15' W

SITE:

Sea Level

ELEVATION:

HEIGHT OF BURBS

TYPE OF BURS'T_AND PLACEME
Air (parachute drop), over
Pacific Ocean



OPERATION SANDSTONE - X-Ray

PPG Time GMT.
MATE: 15 Apr 1948 14 Apr 19h8
TIME: 0617 1817

TOTAL YIELD: 37 kt

FIREBALL DATA:
Time to lst minimum: NM
Time to 2nd maximum: NM
Radius at 2nd maximum: NM

CRATER DATA:. Not available

REMARKS:

Sponsor: LASL

SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Janet

11° ot ON
162° 1h! 37" E

Site elevation: Sea level
HEIGHT OF > 200 ft

TYPE OF BURGE AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 56,000 ft MSL.

CLOUD iM GHP: 25,000 rt MSL

No fallout pattern available. Radioactive samples were taken from

Ground Zero and showed a decay
activity due to Na®* was observed.
in 12 minutes.

14

Also much

Cloud reached the tropcpause


OPERATION REDWING -

FPG Tine _ GMT
DATE: 3 Jul 1956 2 Jul 1956
Mv 0606 1806

Sponsor: UCRL

ave
162°

30°
18'

PPG - Eniwetok - Ruby

36" oN
30" E

Site elevation: Sea level

MEIGM OF BURST:

300 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEM:ND:

Tover burst over coral soil

65,000 ft MSL
he ,000 ft MSL

REMARKS: The dose-rate readinys on the islands of the atoll were

taken by uerial and ground

surveys of scienvi

ic projects between H+9

hours and H+56 hours. The experimentally determined gamma field decay

extrapolate the dose rate readings to

al contamination resulted on Ruby. In

of contamination were deposited on the
The readings taken between sites, Janet

exponent “as used to
H+l hour. ly heavy lo
addition, signi nt. amounts
northern islan
and Olive, were corrected for

s of the atoll.

the small dose rates

obsse

ved there before

the shot. No such corrections were applied to sites, Pearl and Sally,
because the contamination frun shot Mohawk was so heavy that the pre-

shot dose rates could be neglected.
the crater were taken between H+32 hours and H+56 hours.

field decay exponent

The readings in the vicinity of

The average

was used to extrapolate the readings

to H+l hour. Approximately 2 hours after detonation, light fallout

Elmer and continued for one hour.

158

Peak intensity was 22 mr/hr.


OPERATION HARDIACK I - Sycamore

PPG Time Gur Sponsor: UCRL
TATE: 31 May 1955 31 May 1958
TIME: 1500 0300 SITE: PPG - Bikini - SW of

Charlie 4,000 ft fron
the nearest edge of the
island
ie Alt a7" ON
165° 16' 25" E

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 11.64 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst from barge on
water

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 46,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM Tr: NM

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from helicopter surveys made by the Radiological Safety organization
at H+h hours. The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot
either to land the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground
reading could be obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired
spot at an elevation or 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were
multiplied by a factor of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation
of the true ground reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial
surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr.
The t-1+? decay approximation was used to extrapolate the Ht+4 hour
dose rate readings to H+l hour.

230


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OPIRATION WIGWAM

Por GME Sponsor: DOD
1955 14 Mery 1955
2000 ay Pacific Ocean 400 miles

Southwest of Gan Dieyo
abe Wat oN
126° 16" W

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT _O
water dept.

2000 ft under-
16,000 ft

Time to end m mum: NM TYPE, OF BURST AID PLACK
Radius at 2nd miximum: NM Subsurface burst - Device
suspended by cable fron barge

ype
is

880 ft MSL.
1,450 ft MSL

SPRAY DOME
FIRST PL

outours given (for Ht1.4 hour) were computed on the basi
‘e and subsurrace water samples and are reproduced he uncorre
They do not represent fallout activity deposited on the surface. The
activity was m. @ throughout a surface z¢ those depth ined roughly
constant for the first two days. ‘This contaminated zone sulted from
debris thrown oui) locally during the surface events or from upwelling

of contaminated water from below. The downwind airborne radicactivity
varied with the base surge and yielded very little if any residual
fallout." At 119 minutes the contaminated water area

was about 5.3 mit. The area was contaminated in an irregular manner,

the peak intensities being apprexin bree times the crage intensity
of 25 to 30 r/ir, 3 ft above the The area circumscribed by a

50 mr/hr isointensity contour increased to 7.5 mi? at Hid.k hr. At W442
hr it had decreased to 3.5 mi®. Measurements of watcr samples indicated
a radioactive decay exponent

vy

97


Cloud Height (MSL) ond Diameter, 10° Feet

70

60

ow
°

a
°

w
°

v
is)

3

°

Figure 10.

19

E J
‘ q
E [1 Cloud Top Height 4
c 56,000 ft 7
cE Tropopouse q
E 4
E yy q
EC oa q
E / VA | | J
EF | 7 1 :
E x 4
r 7 J
- <4 Cloud Diameter 4
7

~ 32,600 ft 4
t | 4
E / | y
E 7 | J
- . | 4
Ff A J
Fl 4

- oJ
H/ rr
Hy 4
f 4 1 1 4 L 4 n L 1 =e 1 L 1 L 1 i
o 2 4 6 8 © 2 4 6 I 20 22 24 26 26 30 32

Time, Minutes
Cloud Dimensions: Operation SANDSTONE - Yoke.


TABLE 9 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION GREENHOUSE — ITEM

Altitude H-hour Hee hours HAGE hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 070 15 070 22 070 15
5,000 090 16 080 17 090 15

10,000 090 05 060 02 Calm Calm

14,000 250 10 250 10 250 09

15 ,000 (260) (09) (260) (09) (270) (10)

16,000 280 (08) 270 09 290 13

20,000 290 09 300 10 310 16

25,000 250 12 360 09 350 13

30,000 360 10 --- -- 350 12

35,000 250 09 -- 250 06

40,000 280 08 -- --- --

45,000 150 08 --

50,000 330 10 --- -- --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL at H-hour.

3. At H-hour at a pressure of 1,000 mb the temperature was
31°C and the dew point 23°C.

48


Distance From GZ, Statute Miles

‘70 T TT T TTT T T TT

150

r
o

o
°

> “Eniwetok
30 Li L i i 1 J. L 1
0

° 50 90

Distance From GZ, Statute Miles
Figure 58. Operation CASTL
Off-site dose rz

- Nectar.
e@ contours in r/hr at. li#1 hour.

93


TABLE 47 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — ROSE

Altitude Hy hour 5] hours
(MSL) Dir Yecd Da pred
feet degrees mph derrees mph

Surface 080 25 070 23
1,000 070 26 060 22
2,000 080 26 o70 ak
3,000 060 ak O70 25
4,000 080 el 080 20
5,000 080 20 090 iy
6,000 090 22 080 21
7,000 080 23 O70 2k
8,000 070 29 060 22
9,000 070 25 060 18

10,000 070 23 080 4

12,000 070 10 130 12

14,000 060 02 110 09

15,000 (070) (05) (120) £08)

16,000 080 o7 120 o7

18,000 110 2 120 13

20 , 000 130 09 130 lt

23,000 100 22 100 15

25,000 100 eu 100 23

30,000 090 15 090 al

35 ,000 140 09 090 15

40,000 180 29 130 ek

45,000 160 al 160 31

50,000 2ho o7 090 09

55,000 060 2k 090 al

69,000 100 28 120 20

65,000 050 22 060 23

70,000 090 33 100 38

75,000 ae -- 110 35

17,000 120 45 --- =-

80,000 -- 110 43

85,000 -- 090 ke

90,000 - 090 54

95 ,000 -- 100 65

100,000 -- 100 76

105 ,000 -- 100 8h

110,000 -- 080 70

114,000 --- -- 110 76

Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.
Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather
station.

3. Tropopause height was 57,000 ft MSI.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.62 psi, the
temperature 27.2°C, the dew point 74°F, und
the relative humidity /9¢.

236



TABLE 6 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION GREENHOUSE —

Altitude H-hour H+23 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 070 22 oho el
4,000 080 33 o-- --
5,000 (080) (30) 090 2k
6,000 080 26 --- --

10,000 080 22 100 25

14 ,000 070 21 070 25

15 ,000 (070) (24) (o70) (25)

16,000 070 29 070 ol

20,000 030 22 c50 22

25,000 300 12 340 17

30°,000 280 31 290 29

35,000 230 29 230 29

40,000 220 33 230 37

45,000 280 26 250 31

50,000 310 22 330 29

55,000 340 31 360 36

60,000 030 33 --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 55,000 ft MSL at H-hcur.

3. At H-hour at a pressure of 1000 mb the temperature
was 25°C and the dew point 22°C.

31


2ROOPIT ATT TTT TAT TTT TT Tt ttt tT 7 Fy
| Tropopause Height + 4
75 52,300 f1.(atH-3 Hr) =
s £ :
o }— 4
d= 150
ie a q
BoE =
@ '25[-- Cloud Diameter Thunderhead | 4
5 E 94008. \ | | 5
3 [___| -Pume 4s Thunderhead 2 1
S NY q
a [— =
a > Z
Zr Ly ! _
oS FF I i TT 4
os fF Cloud Top Height q
% 50 tt—" “66, 700¢t.
zr V7. -~_| G6,700Ft | x
2 & os | <<! I i 4
S$ esj— 4 Cloud Bottom Height
4) 36,000ft. | S
oCLit on cone ee ee I
o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 i 17
Time, Minujes
Figure 101. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Apache.

166


6

475 525

mS
225 12.5 75 25

22.5

Figure 81.

H-Hour

475 52.5

SCALE
Lostist
Oo 20 40

miles

Risa rete: SG00 tt/hr

H+5
Hodographs for Operation REDWING - Seminole.

131


Cloud Height (MSL) and Diameter, 10° Feet

(40-7 7TTT

TIT TTITTTTTy Tite

TIT Y]TITyTTTy Ttt T

TTT Y]TTT

130

120

No

100

90

60

TO

60

Cloud Top Height
$6,000 ft Wa

Tropopause

L\

50

tf

Lf

la

loud Diameter.
/ 34,000 ft

20 7
- 4

10 7
tit

pis

Jitrtiis tira tiss

poitiip titi typi tiie

o.64

Figure 8.

8 2 6 20

24 28 32 36 40

Time, Minutes

Cloud Dimensions:

15

Operation SANDSTONE -

“4

X-Ray


TABLE 61 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR HARDTACK I — PISONIA

Altitude Hi hour 16 hours 13 hou:
(MSL) Dir Speed Dir Speed Dir ed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface Calm Calm 330 09 070 a
1,000 180 09 030 05, 070 22
2,000 170 10 090 09 o70 20
3,000 160 a4 090 12 080 17
4,000 140 17 100 13 090 5
5,000 130 wa 120 us 110 15
6,000 130 12 140 16 120 ws
7,000 130 14 150 17 130 10
8,000 120 10 150 18 120 10
9,000 120 08 150 20 120 uw

10,000 120 1B 150 17 120 18

12,000 110 12 130 3 110 uy
14,000 100 09 100 12 090 14

15,000 (100) (08) (080) (23) (080) (14)

16,000 090 o7 070 15 070 a

18,000 120 17 110 05 09

20,000 120 4 120 02 05

23,000 080 18 090 wy 09

25 ,000 060 15 090 17 2

30,000 060 22 060 15 oT

35,000 050 el oho ly o7

40,000 070 09 050 12 09

45,000 fo) Ke) 20 oho 06 06

50,000 050 12 050 15 10

55,000 100 12 210 05 12

60,000 110 22 120 30 2

65,000 090 31 090 39 Aly

70,000 090 52 090 38 45

75,000 090 55 100 51 5h

80,000 090 or 100 61 76

85,000 100 68 090 78 80

90,000 090 82 090 87 --

95 ,000 090 75 090 98 --

100,000 090 oT 090 83 --

101,000 --- -- 090 76 --

105,000 090 101 —_ -- --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Fniwetok weather station.

3. The surface air pressure was 14.67 psi, the temperature 26.8°C,
the dew point 74.9°F, and the relative humidity 83%.

293


TABLE 11 ENIWETOK WIND DATA FOR OPERATION Ivy - KING

Altitude H-hour H+35_ hours H+93 hours
(MSL) Dir Speed___Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 070 20 080 22 070 ah
5,000 105 23 080 26 090 26

10 ,000 085 23 070 20 090 20

14,000 --- -- 070 12 080 13

15,000 069 19 a -- --- --

16,000 060 16 oho 12 070 17

20,000 059 20 050 23 oho 25

25,000 056 ou 050 33 050 O05

30,000 018 13 310 13 300 06

35,000 (351) (21) 330 26 260 18

40,000 325 28 290 Ly 070 33

45 ,000 (322) (29) 320 36 280 4S

50,000 320 30 230 08 050 17

55,000 (021) (22) 080 20 080 26

60,000 083 1h 090 33 070 43

65,090 (079) (17) 090 ak 090 32

70,000 076 al 070 05 130 23

75,000 288 OT 330 18 300 05

80,000 oo -- 320 18 340 23

85,000 ws 310 09 020 08

90,000 -- 320 06 --- --

95,000 wee -- 260 32 --- --

NOTES:

1. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Tropopause height was 56,000 ft MSL at H-hour.

3. The surface air pressure was 14.66 psi, the temperature
28.0°C and the dew point 23.5°C.

59


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z9

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215


OVERARTON RY

- - Seminole

PPG tim GM Sponsor: ASL
6 dum 56 6 June 1956
25D 0055 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Trene

~ 119 hot 35" ON
162 13' O02"

HETGHE OF 2

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Surface b
over coral

16,000 ft MSI,

cLOuD
D g,000 ft

CLOUD

REMARKS:

Only island dose-rate readings are available. These were obtained
from aerial and ground surveys made by the Radiological Safety
organization. The ti? decay approximation was used to extrapolate
the dose-rate readings to If}. hour.

128


*inoy T+H 48 auf UT

SINOZUOD |YCLI asOp ayts-uQ ‘*Timy - ONIMGTY uopyetedg -I4 amaty
SI or s rey s ol SL
T T an i T TT T T T po Saaeeneeesi
- | 4
i 1
i
b ayen,
| NaS 1
. WORE °
pa Nee 1
de A KY | won
r 290 crt oF

a

“

[ TN aXe

OH

TT
x

sui erMiDIs 'Z9 wos) e>uDINIG

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aches & so. wo~w) oo 4
10
weno oy 70 siou > SY 4

+ st

112


OPERATION HARDTACK I - - Redwood

PPG Time GMT. Sponsor: UCRL
TATE: 28 Jun 1958 27 Jun 1958
TIME: 0530 1730 SITE: PPG - Bikini South of Fox

129 41! ak" ON
165° ak! 5h" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 10.79 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst rrom barge on
water

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 51,000 ft MSL

CLOUD BOTTOM GH: 28,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at Ht hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor of 2
in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground reading.
The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the AN/PDR-39 survey
meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-!*? decay approximation
was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose-rate readings to H+l hour.

258


sanou T+H
+xep90

ye xu/

guy sazer a50P ae
woyyeredo

-1 yovIauvl

+ {gt ana

279


2207-17 TTT Tet TTT TTT TT TTT no

200} Tropopause Height + 7
= FF 51,000ft. (at H+! Hr) || 7
er A 4
F160

é a Cloud Diameter {~ Y
= ~ 84,000 ft. 7
gE \ 000 7
= 120

° }~ 4
2 = |_ —-——- Cloud Top Height 4
3 -— 79,000 ft. 4
5°

a - - =
x Cloud Bottom Height!
2c 1 Le 49 ogo tt. 7
3S 40

ote tit tiie tt tt td a
° 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time, Minutes
Figure 73. Cloud Dimensions: Operation REDWING - Zuni.

114


SCALE

Oo 10 20 38
miles
Rise rate: 5000 ft/hr

22.5

22.5 275

17.5

H—Hour H+5% H+10'%

—)—-

Figure 160. Hodographs for Operation HARDTACK I - Sequoia.

277


OPERATION HARDTACK I - Aspen

PPG Time GMT Sponsor: UCRL

15 June 1958 Uy June 1958

0530 1730 SITE: PPG - Bikini - SW of
Charlie 4,000 ft from
the island

11° bit a7" ON
165° 16' 2k" E
Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 10.82 ft
TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:

Surface burst trom barge on
MM water

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 48,600 ft
CLOUD BOTTOM Hi: :

REMARKS:

Only individual island dose rates are available. These were obtained
from Radiological Safety organization helicopter surveys at H+ hours.
The helicopter survey technique called for the pilot either to land
the aircraft at the desired spot, so that a ground reading could be
obtained, or to make a slow pass over the desired spot at an elevation
of 25 feet. Readings taken at 25 feet were multiplied by a factor
of 2 in order to obtain a reasonable approximation of the true ground
reading. The basic instrument used in the aerial surveys was the
AN/PDR-39 survey meter modified to read up to 500 r/hr. The t-1+2
decay approximation was used to extrapolate the H+ hour dose rate
readings to H+l hour.

246


TABLE 64 ENIVETOK WIND TATA FOR OPERATION HARDTACK I — PINE

~Rititude W-7 hour F357 hours T hours
MSL) Dir Speed Dir oped apeed
teet degrees mph degrees _iiph mpi
Surface 200 18 230 12 200 05
1,000 - 210 ly -- 190 08
2,000 200 17 -- 2h0 o7
3,000 200 lt -- 2k 12
4,000 200 17 --- -- 220 13
5,000 200 12 220 oT 210 13
6,000 190 12 180 09 220 13
7,000 170 05 170 10 220 B
8,000 200 05 170 09 210 2
9,000 200 05 180 09 200 12
10,000 200 05 180 10 200 12
12,000 170 05 180 08 170 10
14,009 150 oO 170 09 210 16
15 ,000 (140) (05) (140) (05) (210) (06)
16,000 130 05 160 06 220 02
18,000 080 05 190 05 Calm Calm
20,000 100 08 190 03 120 05
23,000 140 13 180 09 120 07
25,000 160 17 160 ws 150 08
30,000 160 26 150 18 1bo
35,000 150 eh 140 26 120
40,000 199 16 140 21
45 ,000 200 16 150 20
50,000 190 wy 170 13
55 ,000 130 wy 130 aT
60,000 080 23 090 23
65,000 090 AL --- --
70,000 100 48 --
5 ,000 100 59 --
80,000 100 69 -- aod --
85 ,000 100 81 -- =o --
90,000 100 91 68 wor --
92,000 oot -- 70 ooo --
95 ,000 100 90 = -- --
100,000 100 99 -- --- --
105,000 100 2h0 -- --- --
110,000 100 126 -- --- --
115,000 100 232 - --- --
NOTES:

I. Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

2. Wind data was taken by the Eniwetok weather station.

3. Tropopause height was 52,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.64 psi, the temperature 26.7°C,
the dew point 75.5°F, and the relative humidity 85%.

305


INTRODUCTION

The objective of this report is to provide a ready reference of
fallout patterns and related test data for those engaged in the anal-
ysis of fallout effects,

This compilation was extracted from DASA 1251 "Local Fallout from
Nuclear Test Detonations '' (U) Vol. 2 "Compilation of Fallout Patterns
and Related Test Data" (U) Parts 1 through 3. DASA 1251 Vol. 2 was the
work of Manfred Morgenthau, Harvy Meieran, Richard Showers, Jeffrey
Morse, Norman Dombeck, and Arnoldo Garcia of the U.S. Army Nuclear
Defense Laboratory under Defense Atomic Support Agency (now Defense
Nuclear Agency) sponsorship.

Although local (early) fallout is emphasized, the data presented
will be useful to those studying world-wide (delayed) fallout as well.
In this report local fallout is defined as all fallout which consists
principally of the larger particles that are deposited within 24 hours
after the detonation. World-wide or delayed fallout is defined as
fallout which consists of very small particles which descend very
slowly over large areas of the earth's surface.

Data resulting from each U.S. detonation are presented chronolog-
ically. For each detonation, the basic information useful for an
interpretation of the fallout data is tabulated first. This is followed
by both on-site and off-site fallout patterns where available. A graph
of the growth-rate of the cloud and stem is presented next. Wind speed
and direction are than tabulated as a function of altitude, and hodo-
graphs are drawn from these data.

EXPLANATION COMMENTS ON DATA PRESENTED
Fallout Patterns

One or more fallout patterns are given for each event, except for
those shots for which no sigificant residual radiation was observed
downwind of GZ or for which no patterns were found in the literature.
In the remarks included on the basic data sheet for each shot, the
individual fallout patterns are discussed briefly; some comments are
made for those shots for which no patterns were available. The dose-
rate contours for the fallout patterns have been drawn to show the
gamma dose rate in roentgens per hour, three feet above the ground, in
terms of the one hour after burst reference time. The t7!? approximation
was used when no actual decay data was available to adjust radiation
measurements to the one hour reference time. It is important to recog-
nize the H+1 hour is used as a reference time, and that only the con-
tours from low yield weapons are complete at one hour after burst.

For high yield weapons, fallout over some parts of the vast areas


OPERATION CASTLE - Nectar

PPG time GMT Sponsor:  LASI,
Th May 199% “13 May Lo5h
0620 1820 SITE: PPG - Eniwetok -

Ivy Mike Crater
12° hot ok" oN
1629 11’ 7" oR

TOTAL YIELD: 1.69 Mt Site elevation: Sea level

CLOUD ‘POP I

71,000 ft MST,

CLOUD KOTTOM Hilour: 40,500 ft MSL

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEME
Surface burst f'rom barge on water

REMARKS:

The on-site fallout pattern was drawn from Radiolo
organization dala and by converting the readings obtained from fall-
out saniples to equivalent dose-raie readings over land. Since the
fallout went in a northerly direction from ground zero very few of the
collecting stations received significant fallout. The fallout col-
lected was primarily upwind fallout. Aerial survey was used for meas-
urements north of the atoll, and two tugs gathered water sampies through-
out the fallout area. Anulyses of the water samples, combined with an
estimate of the depth of mixing, served to determine the land-equivalent.
exposure rate at a number of points. The aerial survey served to fill
in the contours.

91


60)

CT T T T T v | | U | Py yo
- 4
L qq
E Tropopause 4 q
50
= £ q
TM &F Cloud Top Height a
= £ 41,000 ft. deel 4
s F ae J
@* E 7 =
o Ff q
a a q
- V4 ~-Cloud Bottom Height q
>
§ £ / 30,000 ft 4
a3 E > WA
3

=e q
E | 4 Y q
zs FE A ea 4
Ss F 4
a EF / 1 :

soot | of ZA
20h y 4
BE Va / q
OOF Cloud Diameter 7
E vA, LT 17,200 ft. q
O Aircraft Dota (Cloud Top Height) q
q
qj
pistiti ti tits i 14
s 6 7 @ 9 1 WW 12

Time, Minutes
Figure 21. Cloud Dimensions: Operation GREENHOUSE - Easy.

36


TABLE 29° BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPERATION REDWING— DAKOTA

Altitude We hrs Wl hr i+3 hrs WG
(s1.) Dir Specd_ Dir Dir Speed Dir Srecd Dir
tect dee onph deg “deg mph deg mph deg
Surface O70 17 080 2 090 17 080 15 090 «(18
1,000 o7o 17 080 AL wee =e 070 18 090 «(17
2,000 066 13 080 16 a 080 2 100 21
3,000 080-17 ogo 1 110 41 090 23 106 25
4,000 080-16 ojo 17 110 17 100 22 090 26
5,000 120.15 070 «17 100 15 100 17 09022
6,000 120 «18 090 «(15 100 16 110 «13 080 «(1T
7,000 110-18 080 13 100 1 110 15 100 16
8,000 120 15 100 17 120 16 110 17 110 18
g, 000 130 13 lio) 618 120 16 100 18 100 «20
10,000 130 14 100 «14 120 16 100 17 100 16
12,000 120 12 110.15 110 15 120 10 090 «16
14,000 060 06 100 13 130 15 080 12 080 10
16,000 310 05 080 (07 160 09 090 O07 100 OF
18,000 190 06 210 10 190 09 2ho O7 210 05
20,000 250 08 210 07 210 1h 200 09 210 09
25,000 270 08 24uo 25 230 18 250 17 250 23
30,000 230 «14 2ho 33 2ho 25 260 eT 260 26
35,000 250 25 250 32 2ho 51 2ho 4s 230 «N8
40,000 250, Aa 240 5 250 51 2ho 54 230 5h
45 ,000 250 58 250 35 250 57 260 60 260 48
50,000 270 35 250 54 280 35 270 53 250 22
55,000 080 09 -- 090-08 -- 130 «10
60,000 100 22 -- 100 16 -- 080 28

65,000 080 33 wee ee 080 39 wee ee 09028

70,000 100 45 -- 080 39 -- 090 k0
75,000 080 58 -- 080 62 -- 100 «658
80,000 090 63 ---) -- 100 74h --- -- 090 7
85,000 09081. w-- ee 090 85 wee ee 09087
90,000 100 89 --- =e --- -- =-- -- 990 _T7

NOTES:

Tropopause height was 54,200 ft MSL at H+9 hours.

Wind data was obtained on board the U.S.S. Curtiss.

At H-hour the sea level pressure was 1009.1 mb, the temperature
82.0°F, the dew point 75.0°F and the relative humidity 80.0%.

WNP

156


° 10 20 30
3 miles

Rise rate: 30006 ft/hr

H~ Hour H+4 H+7

Figure 77. Hodographs for Operation REDWING - Yuma.

123


TABLE 58 BIKINI WIND DATA FOR OPFRATION HARDTACK I ~ CEIAR

Altitude +5 hour H+C) hours I+95 hours
(MSL) Dir “peed Dir Speed Dir Speed
feet degrees mph degrees mph degrees mph

Surface 080 18 090 16 090 18
1,000 090 26 110 17 080 22
2,000 100 29 100 23 090 25
3,000 110 30 080 28 090 26
4,000 110 29 100 25 100 28
5,000 110 28 090 25 100 26
6,000 110 ak 080 al 100 25
1,000 100 ak 080 23 O70 eu
8,c00 100 25 080 28 100 22
9,000 100 al 090 30 110 26

10,000 090 20 090 30 100 28

12,000 080 16 090 al 120 21

14,000 060 13 070 el 080 al

15,000 (oho) (23) (070) (20) (090) (20)

16,000 030 13 o70 20 100 20

18,000 350 03 050 17 060 13

20,000 270 12 Calm Calm 3h0 05

23,000 270 15 Calm Calm 3h0 08

25,000 (250) (16) 280 10 300 o7

30,000 230 al elo 17 220 16

35,000 200 33 210 25 210 47

40,000 210 4O 210 U7 220 53

45,000 250 UT eho 39 220 38

50,000 250 28 220 46 230 AL

53,000 --- -- ako 38 --- --

55,000 260 20 oe -- 290 09

60,000 090 22 - -- 100 26

65,000 080 28 --- -- 100 31

Numbers in parentheses are estimated values.

Wind data was taken on board ship within 30 nautical miles

of the Tower at Nan island, Bikini Atoll.

3. Tropopause height was 51,000 ft MSL.

4, The surface air pressure was 14.65 psi, the temperature 28.4°C,
the dew point 76.3°F, and the relative humidity 79%.

280


SOW 24NJOJS ‘ZH wWOsy aouD}SIQ

Distance From GZ, Stutute Miles

ut Nn —_
a Tort Vy TTT
= 4
5 4
- 4
= 4
°
L =
7 ~T
+ 4
- @ 4
sLbetitiri sr tier iir tig biti
Figure 61. Operation WIGWAM. Off-site dose rate contours

in rfhr at H+1.4 hours.

98


OPERATION GREENHOUSE - George
Sponsor: LASL

PPG time GMT: SITE: PPG - Eniwetok - Ruby
DATE: 9 May 1951 8 May 1951 11° 37' 37" N
TIME: 0930 2130 162° 18' 53” E

Site elevation: Sea level

HEIGHT OF BURST: 200 ft

TYPE OF BURST AND PLACEMENT:
Tower burst over coral soil

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT: 56,000 ft MSL
CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT: 41,000 ft MSL

REMARKS:

The survey readings on the shot island were obtained at H+2k hours
and extrapolated to H+] hour using the t-}+? decay approximation. Since
the winds were from the west-southwest throughout their entire struc-
ture, no radiation reading higher than twice background was observed on
islands beyond 2,000 yards from ground zero.

39