A Guide to the

Election Administration

and Voting Survey

Updated July 20, 2022

Originally published August 10, 2020
1

Table of Contents

Introduction to the EAVS................................................................................................... 2

Background and Authority ......................................................................................... 4

Process and Timeline for State Data Submissions............................................................. 5

Project Website, Survey Documentation, and Training Materials.............................. 6

Data Collection Templates ......................................................................................... 6

Technical Assistance................................................................................................... 7

Data Review Process.................................................................................................. 7

Data Finalization and Certification ............................................................................. 8

Publication of EAVS Comprehensive Report and Public Data Set...................................... 9

Post-Reporting Matters............................................................................................10

Survey Question Changes................................................................................................11

How EAVS Questions Have Changed........................................................................12

Effective Date..................................................................................................................12

Appendix A: Anticipated Dates for EAVS Activities, 2022–2032......................................13

Appendix B: Contact Information....................................................................................14
2

The purpose of this document is to provide information to election officials 

responsible for completing the Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS), a 

biennial survey of information on election administration and election policy. This 

document provides information on what data the EAVS collects, the process and 

timeline for data submissions, how the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) reports 

the results of the data, how updates to EAVS data sets are released to the public, 

and how the EAC makes changes to the survey questions.

Introduction to the EAVS

Since 2004, the EAC has conducted the EAVS following each federal general election. The EAVS asks 

all 50 U.S. states,1 the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories to provide data about the ways in 

which Americans vote and how elections are administered. The EAVS provides the most 

comprehensive source of state- and local-jurisdiction-level data about election administration in the 

United States. These data play a vital role in helping election officials, policymakers, and other 

election stakeholders identify trends, anticipate and respond to changing voter needs, and invest 

resources to improve election administration and the voter experience. EAVS data make it possible 

to examine the details of U.S. elections infrastructure and produce a generalizable understanding of 

core aspects of the election process and the management challenges faced by election officials. The 

survey provides policymakers and the public with critical information every two years about how 

federal elections are conducted and helps the EAC fulfill its congressionally mandated reporting 

requirements. 

Collectively, the EAVS data collection effort consists of two separately administered surveys: the 

Policy Survey and the EAVS. The Policy Survey,2 which is due by each federal general election, 

collects data on state election policies and procedures to provide context for the quantitative data 

1 In the interest of consistency, the term “states” in this document includes the District of Columbia and the U.S. 

territories. 

2 Before the 2018 election, the Policy Survey was known as the Statutory Overview.
3

included in each state’s EAVS submission. The data collected in the Policy Survey includes 

information on:

• The state’s voter registration and list maintenance policies;

• The state’s policies on how voters may participate in elections, such as by mail, in-person 

voting prior to Election Day, vote centers, voting under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens 

Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA), and provisional voting;

• The state’s policies and practices on election certifications, recounts, and audits, and on 

certification of election technology; 

• The state’s voter identification policies; and

• How criminal convictions affect voting rights in the state.

The EAVS survey, which is due 90 days after a federal general election,3 collects data on:

• Voter registration, including the number of registered and eligible persons, the number of 

active and inactive registrants, the number of individuals who used same-day voter 

registration, the number of registration forms processed since the previous federal general

election, the number of registration forms processed since the previous federal general 

election in total and by source, the number of list maintenance confirmation notices sent to 

voters since the previous federal general election, and the number of voters removed from 

registration rolls since the previous federal general election;

• UOCAVA voters, including the number of registered and eligible UOCAVA voters; the number 

of Federal Post Card Applications (FPCA) received, accepted, and rejected; the number of 

UOCAVA ballots transmitted, returned, counted, and rejected; and the number of Federal 

Write-in Absentee Ballots (FWAB) returned, counted, and rejected;

• Mail voting, including the number of mail ballots transmitted, the number of mail ballots 

transmitted to permanent mail voters, the number of mail ballots returned and rejected, the 

number of mail ballot drop boxes used and the number of ballots returned via drop box, and 

the number of mail ballots that were successfully cured; 

• In-person voting and polling operations, including the number of precincts, the number of 

polling places for Election Day and early voting, the number of poll workers during Election 

Day and early voting, the age of poll workers and the number of new poll workers, and the 

ease of recruiting poll workers;

3 52 U.S.C. § 20302.
4

• Provisional ballots, including the number of provisional ballots submitted and their 

adjudication, the reasons for provisional ballots being submitted, and the number of 

provisional ballots rejected; and 

• Voter participation and election technologies, including the number of persons who 

successfully cast in the election in total and by voting mode, the source of data on election 

participation, use of electronic and paper poll books, use of voting technologies, location of 

vote tally, and general comments.

Background and Authority

The EAC collects EAVS and Policy Survey data to meet its obligations under federal law.

• Help America Vote Act (HAVA). HAVA (52 U.S.C. § 20922) requires the EAC to serve as a 

national clearinghouse and resource for the compilation of information and review of 

procedures with respect to the administration of federal elections. This includes conducting 

studies to promote the effective administration of federal elections under topical areas such 

as methods of voter registration, methods of conducting provisional voting, poll worker 

recruitment and training, and such other matters as the EAC determines are appropriate.

• National Voter Registration Act (NVRA). Under NVRA, the EAC is responsible for collecting 

information and reporting to the United States Congress on the impact of that statute on a 

biennial basis. The information that states are required to submit to the EAC for purposes of 

the NVRA report can be found under Title 11 of the Code of Federal Regulations. States that 

respond to EAVS questions concerning matters related to voter registration will meet their 

NVRA reporting requirements under 52 U.S.C. § 20508 and EAC regulations.

• Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). UOCAVA mandates that 

EAC create a standardized format for state reporting of UOCAVA voting information (52 

U.S.C. § 20301). UOCAVA requires that “not later than 90 days after the date of each 

regularly scheduled general election for Federal office, each state and unit of local 

government which administered the election shall (through the state, in the case of a unit of 

local government) submit a report to the EAC (established under the Help America Vote Act 

of 2002) on the combined number of absentee ballots transmitted to absent uniformed 

services voters and overseas voters for the election and the combined number of such 

ballots which were returned by such voters and cast in the election, and shall make such a 

report available to the general public.” States that complete and submit the UOCAVA section 

of the survey to the EAC on time will fulfill their UOCAVA reporting requirement under 52 

U.S.C. § 20302.
5

Process and Timeline for State Data Submissions

The Policy Survey is completed at the state level and is submitted by the state’s chief election 

officer4 or their designee. While EAVS data is collected at the jurisdiction5 level, the state is 

responsible for coordinating jurisdiction responses and providing a complete set of responses to the 

EAC. Each state’s chief election officer is also responsible for certifying their state’s final EAVS data 

submission as being as complete and accurate. 

The state’s chief election officer may or may not be the person who is responsible for managing their

state’s (and, where applicable, jurisdictions’) response. Before each EAVS is administered, every 

state will designate a point of contact (POC) who will receive information and important documents 

relating to the survey and will manage the state’s (and, where applicable, jurisdictions’) response. At 

the state’s discretion, the POC does not have to be the chief election official, and the state may 

designate multiple POCs. The EAC will periodically seek to interview state POCs in order to better 

understand their experiences completing the EAVS and to gather information on how the EAC can 

better support states in submitting their data. In the summer before the election for which the data 

are being sought, the EAC will request that each state’s EAC Standards Board state designee provide 

the name and contact information for the state’s POC(s). State POC(s) may be updated at any time 

while Policy Survey or EAVS data are being collected. To do so, a current POC or the state’s chief 

election officer should contact the email address listed on the project website and provide the name 

and contact information (email address and phone number) for new POC(s).

The EAC intends to release the EAVS and Policy Survey questions at least 3 months before the 

election for which the data are being sought. The survey questions will be posted on the EAC 

website. The Policy Survey data for each state is due before the election for which the data are being 

sought. The due date for each state’s EAVS data is the first business day in February following the 

4 As designated pursuant to 52 U.S.C. § 20302(b)(1).

5 What constitutes a jurisdiction is defined by each state. Most states report EAVS data on the level of the county (or 

county equivalent, such as parishes or boroughs) and some states also report data for independent cities in 

addition to counties. Other states report data at the township level. Territories and federal districts typically each 

report as one jurisdiction.
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election for which the data are being sought.6 This deadline allows time for the EAC to review data 

submissions for completeness and accuracy. States will be provided with two opportunities to make 

corrections to their EAVS data and review how the data will be portrayed in the EAC’s data analysis. 

The due date for the final EAVS data is the first business day in March following the election for 

which the data are being sought. The EAC then uses the data to provide a report to Congress no later 

than June 30 following the election for which the data are being sought.

Appendix A contains a list of anticipated dates for EAVS-related activities for the surveys that will be 

conducted between 2022 and 2032. 

Project Website, Survey Documentation, and Training Materials

To assist state POCs in providing data for the Policy Survey and EAVS, the EAC will maintain a distinct 

project website for these surveys. This project website will have resources and documentation 

relating to the project, including instructions on using the data collection templates, guidance on 

interpreting survey instructions and definitions, and reminders of survey deadlines. The website will 

also allow POCs to download survey files and upload files for the EAC to review.

Before the launch of the survey, the location of the project website and access credentials to the 

website will be provided to state POCs. The URL of the current project website is listed in 

Appendix B.

Data Collection Templates

The EAC will provide state POCs with easily accessible templates to use for the submission of their 

Policy Survey and EAVS data. The Policy Survey data collection template will allow states to enter 

their data item by item. Two data collection templates will be provided for EAVS:

6 This deadline is necessary, in part, due to the EAC’s requirement under section 702 of HAVA that states submit their 

UOCAVA numbers to EAC within 90 days of the election (52 U.S.C. § 20302). Since the EAC collects the NVRA, 

UOCAVA, and other election-related data simultaneously using the same instrument, all data are due at the same 

time to eliminate confusion and duplicative efforts by state and local officials and EAC.
7

• A flat data format that will allow states to copy and paste large amounts of data, such as 

from a report generated from the state’s election database. This format will have a column 

for each EAVS item and a row for each EAVS jurisdiction in the state. 

• An item-by-item format that is primarily intended for jurisdictions that enter data 

themselves. The data from the item-by-item template will be automatically formatted to 

match the layout of the flat data file. 

Both templates will include data validations that will assist states in providing accurate data. These 

validations will flag when subcategories do not sum to the correct totals, when responses are not 

compatible across the survey, and when required items do not have responses. The data collection 

templates will be made available to state POCs on the project website; if the state relies on 

jurisdictions to complete part or all of the EAVS, the state may distribute the data collection 

templates to local jurisdiction officials. All final state EAVS data submissions must be made through 

the project website in the flat data format.

Technical Assistance

During the data collection periods for the Policy Survey and EAVS, states will have the benefit of 

technical assistance offered by the EAC. This technical assistance includes, but is not limited to, 

guidance and support related to understanding the survey questions and their definitions and 

instructions, entering data into the data collection templates, uploading data to the project website, 

and troubleshooting technical issues. The EAC will also issue reminders of due dates throughout the 

data collection period.

Technical assistance will be provided by phone and email. State POCs may request technical 

assistance by contacting the email address and phone number that will be listed on the project 

website. 

Data Review Process

The EAC will work with states to ensure that the data included in the EAVS Comprehensive Report 

and made publicly available are complete and accurate. Both Policy Survey and EAVS data 

submissions will undergo an intensive review process. The EAC will review Policy Survey data as 

states submit it and will contact state POC(s) with questions and clarifications. If an update to a 

state’s Policy Survey data is necessary (for instance, because of a policy change or a court ruling 
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before an election or because of a misinterpretation of a survey question) after the state submits its 

data and before the EAVS data lock date, the state’s POC(s) should contact the email address listed 

on the project website with information about what data updates are needed.

The EAC will also review the first EAVS data submission that states provide on the first business day 

in February following the election for which the data are being sought. Data submissions will be 

reviewed to ensure that: 

• Subcategories sum to the correct totals;

• Responses are compatible across the survey; 

• All required items have a response; 

• The state’s EAVS responses align with the state’s Policy Survey responses; and

• The state’s EAVS responses are consistent with data trends the state has reported in EAVS 

data from previous elections.

Within 10 business days of the initial data submission, the state will receive a report summarizing the 

results of this data review and calling attention to items in need of further review. 

The state will then be able to review the EAC’s report, correct errors, and provide further context to 

its EAVS data in a second data submission. The EAC will conduct another review of this second 

submission and will generate the analysis that will appear in the appendix tables of the report to 

Congress. States will have a final opportunity to review this analysis, provide corrections to their 

data, and submit explanatory notes that will be published with the data analysis.

States that do not provide their initial data submissions by the first business day in February will have 

a shortened time frame to reconcile their data following their receipt of the results of EAC’s data 

review. All final EAVS data is due on the first business day in March following the election for which 

the data are being sought.

Data Finalization and Certification

After the state submits its final data on the first business day in March following the election for 

which the data are being sought, the EAC will ask the state’s chief election officer to certify in writing 

that the information being presented to the EAC is true and accurate to the best of their knowledge 

and that their state’s EAVS submission is complete.
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After the final data due date, the EAC will lock the EAVS data and begin data reconciliation and 

analysis for the purpose of writing the EAVS Comprehensive Report. At this point, no additional data 

will be accepted from states for inclusion into the database or the EAVS Comprehensive Report. The 

EAC is unable to alter its timelines for data submission or publication of its reports for any reason. If 

a state fails to submit its final data to the EAC before the first business day in March, the EAC may 

use the state’s earlier submission in its data analysis.

Publication of EAVS Comprehensive Report and 

Public Data Set

No later than June 30 in the year following the election for which the data are being sought, the EAC 

will issue a written report of election administration and other election activities to the United States 

Congress. This report, referred to as the EAVS Comprehensive Report, includes the following:

• An overview of election administration and election activities, including the total number of 

votes cast, turnout (in total and by mode), registration rates, the number of precincts and 

poll workers, provisional balloting, and use of election technology.

• A report on voter registration activities in the previous two-year election cycle, including the 

total number of registered voters, the modes by which registrations were submitted, the 

types of registrations submitted, usage of same-day voter registration, list maintenance 

removal or confirmation notices sent to voters, and the number of voters removed from 

registration lists.7

• A report on data related to voting by uniformed and overseas citizens in the previous twoyear election cycle, including the total number of registered and eligible UOCAVA voters; the 

number of FPCAs received, accepted, and rejected; the total number of UOCAVA absentee 

ballots transmitted, returned, cast, and counted; the number of UOCAVA absentee ballots 

7 The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002 amended the NVRA to require EAC to issue a report on the impact of the 

NVRA no later than June 30 of each odd-numbered year ((52 U.S.C. § 20508, as amended by P.L. 107-252 §

802(b)). For the 2004 election this NVRA report was issued as part of the Election Day Survey Report. Since the 

2006 election, the EAC has issued this report as part of the EAVS Comprehensive Report.
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not counted and the reason for rejection; and the number of FWABs returned and cast by 

UOCAVA voters.8

• A report on the Policy Survey, including state’s policies on voter registration and list 

maintenance; mail voting; in-person voting prior to Election Day; vote centers; UOCAVA 

voting; provisional voting; election technology, election certification, recounts, and audits; 

voter identification; and how criminal convictions affect voter registration. 

• A report on the methodology of the Policy Survey and EAVS, including an overview of the 

timeline, how the data were collected and analyzed, and technical assistance and other 

support provided to states.

The EAVS Comprehensive Report must be formally adopted by a vote of the EAC Commissioners 

before publication. The EAVS Comprehensive Report and the EAVS and Policy Survey data sets will be 

made publicly available on the EAC’s website.

In addition to the EAVS Comprehensive Report, the EAC will use EAVS and Policy Survey data to 

release other research products, including reports, memos, summaries, visualizations, congressional 

testimony, and presentations.

Post-Reporting Matters

After the EAVS Comprehensive Report has been written and adopted by the EAC, no changes to that 

report may be made. However, if the EAC is notified by a state of an error or omission in the state’s 

data set, the agency will issue updated EAVS and Policy Survey data sets on its website with an errata 

note of changes that have been made to the newly-issued data sets. Updated data sets will be issued 

on a quarterly basis.

The chief election officer of a state may request an update to the state’s EAVS or Policy Survey data 

in writing by contacting the EAC Director of Research at the email address listed in Appendix B, with 

the subject line “EAVS Correction.” The written request should include a detailed description of the 

update requested, including the election year which needs to be corrected, the item(s) that need to 

8 The EAC is charged with issuing periodic studies on voting, including by members of the uniformed services and 

overseas voters (52 U.S.C. § 20981). For the 2004 election, these data were collected in the Military and Overseas 

Absentee Ballot Survey. Since the 2006 election, the EAC has issued this report as part of the EAVS 

Comprehensive Report.
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be updated, the jurisdiction(s) affected, and the reason the update is necessary. Upon receipt of the 

request, the EAC will work with the state to ensure the data update is processed correctly and that 

the state’s data is accurately depicted in the public data sets. The state’s chief election officer will 

have the opportunity to review the data set and documentation before it is made public. In addition, 

the EAC will ask the state’s chief election officer to sign a new certification form that reflects the data 

updates. 

If the EAC Director of Research determines that the data update is necessary as a result of the EAC’s 

action or failure to act, the data update may be expedited and the EAC may issue updated data sets 

outside of its regular quarterly updates. The state’s chief election officer may appeal the EAC 

Research Director’s determination to the EAC Executive Director.

Survey Question Changes

Before the release of each survey, the EAC will review the Policy Survey and EAVS questions to 

ensure they reflect current election practices. The EAC may consider eliminating questions that are 

no longer relevant, revising questions to better reflect current election practices, or adding new 

questions. In making changes to the survey questions, the EAC will be mindful of the response 

burden for state and local election officials and will prioritize questions that can successfully be 

answered across all states.

In addition, the EAC is statutorily required to submit both sets of survey questions to the Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) for review before the survey questions are finalized. This process 

takes approximately six months to complete. During the review process, the EAC will publish the 

draft survey questions and estimated paperwork burden for the proposed information collection in 

the Federal Register and will solicit public comments on the proposed information collection. 

Election officials and the public are encouraged to comment on the survey questions and paperwork 

burden of the proposed data collection; the EAC carefully reviews all public comments received 

through this process. Once the EAC has acquired approval for the data collection through OMB, it will 

release the final versions of the survey questions on the project website and on its agency website. 
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How EAVS Questions Have Changed

The first version of the survey that eventually became EAVS was fielded after the 2004 federal 

general election. That survey, called the Election Day Survey, collected information on voter 

registration, election results, voting equipment, poll workers, and voting jurisdictions. In 2006, the 

survey was rebranded as EAVS and incorporated a variety of policy-related questions in addition to 

data points. Beginning in 2008, the EAC added a section on UOCAVA voting, and in 2013 EAC entered 

into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Department of Defense’s (DOD) Federal 

Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) to establish a joint survey effort enabling both the EAC and FVAP 

to meet their core reporting requirements while reducing the overall burden on election officials.

Since 2008, EAVS has consisted of six sections that have covered similar questions, with minor 

changes from year to year. The EAC has made EAVS data for each federal general election publicly 

available on their agency’s website.

In 2010, EAVS began collecting data on state election laws and procedures to assist the EAC in better 

understanding the quantitative data relating to each federal general election. This was first done in 

the form of the Statutory Overview, which had states submit their statutory language to answer a 

series of open-ended policy questions and mark what had changed from the previous election. Since 

2018, the Statutory Overview has been revised into the Policy Survey, which asks a series of closedended questions to better categorize states according to their election practices. States’ responses to 

the Statutory Overview and the Policy Survey are publicly available on the EAC’s website. 

Effective Date

This policy becomes effective on July 20, 2022 and supersedes all previous versions.
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Appendix A: Anticipated Dates for EAVS Activities, 2022–2032 

This table lists anticipated dates for EAVS activities through the 2032 EAVS. These dates may be subject to change; any changes will be 

communicated to EAVS POCs by the EAC.

2022 EAVS 2024 EAVS 2026 EAVS 2028 EAVS 2030 EAVS 2032 EAVS

Survey questions available By 8/1/22 By 8/1/24 By 8/3/26 By 8/1/28 By 8/1/30 By 8/1/32

Policy Survey data submission due By 11/8/22 By 11/5/24 By 11/3/26 By 11/7/28 By 11/5/30 By 11/2/32

EAVS data collection templates 

available

By 11/8/22 By 11/5/24 By 11/3/26 By 11/7/28 By 11/5/30 By 11/2/32

First state EAVS submission due 2/1/23 2/3/25 2/1/27 2/1/29 2/3/31 2/1/33

Results of EAC’s review of first 

submission available* 

By 2/3/23 By 2/17/25 By 2/15/27 By 2/15/29 By 2/17/31 By 2/15/33

Final state-certified EAVS data 

due 

3/1/23 3/3/25 3/1/27 3/1/29 3/3/31 3/1/33

Public release of report and data By 6/30/23 By 6/30/25 By 6/30/27 By 6/30/29 By 6/30/31 By 6/30/33

* States that do not meet the deadline for the first state EAVS submission may not have the data review results ready by this date.
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Appendix B: Contact Information

EAC agency website: https://www.eac.gov/

EAVS project website: https://eavsportal.com/

EAC Director of Research email address: research@eac.gov