# Patent

## Title
Marking electronic messages to indicate human origination

## Abstract

Systems and methods for marking electronic messages to indicate human origination are provided. According to one embodiment, an electronic message and information verifying the electronic message is human originated are received. Then, the fact that the electronic message is human originated is conveyed to one or more recipients of the electronic message by associating with the electronic message a human origination indication.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/660,311, filed on Mar. 10, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.


COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Contained herein is material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction of the patent disclosure by any person as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights to the copyright whatsoever. Copyright © 2005-2006 MX Logic, Inc.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to systems and methods for spam and email management. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide for systems and methods of marking an electronic message to indicate the electronic message originated from a human sender.
2. Description of Related Art
At present, email cannot be sorted, managed or filtered based on the fact that messages were originated by a human rather than a machine.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the Figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a computer system with which embodiments of the present invention may be utilized.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Systems and methods are described for marking electronic messages to indicate human origination. According to one embodiment, information is associated with an electronic message to reliably indicate to recipients of the message that the message is of human rather than machine origination.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.
Embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a computer program product which may include a machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which may be used to program a computer (or other electronic devices) to perform a process. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact disc read-only memories (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, random access memories (RAMs), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or other type of media/machine-readable medium suitable for storing electronic instructions. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention may also be downloaded as a computer program product, wherein the program may be transferred from a remote computer to a requesting computer by way of data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium via a communication link (e.g., a modem or network connection).
While, for convenience, various embodiments of the present invention may be described with reference to email messages, the present invention is equally applicable to various other forms of electronic messaging, such as instant messages, mobile messages (e.g., SMS, MMS), voice mail and the like.
For the sake of illustration, various embodiments of the present invention are described herein in the context of computer programs, physical components, and logical interactions within modern computer networks. Importantly, while these embodiments describe various aspects of the invention in relation to modem computer networks and programs, the method and apparatus described herein are equally applicable to other systems, devices, and networks as one skilled in the art will appreciate. As such, the illustrated applications of the embodiments of the present invention are not meant to be limiting, but instead exemplary. Other systems, devices, and networks to which embodiments of the present invention are applicable include, but are not limited to, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pagers, BlackBerry® devices and the like.
Terminology
Brief definitions of terms, abbreviations, and phrases used throughout this application are given below.
The term “biomark” generally refers to an indicator that may be associated with an electronic message to indicate human origination of the message as opposed to machine origination as verified by a biometric device. Biomarks may be generated by an email user's Mail User Agent (MUA) based upon the output of biometric devices, such as fingerprint readers, hand scanners, retina or iris scanners, voice or face recognition/verification system, and the like. In one embodiment, biomarks may be associated with an email message by placing a human origination indicator within a header, such as a proprietary X-header or a standard “Biomark:” header. According to one embodiment, biomarks may be wrapped in digital signatures that include the originating timestamp and other message attributes. In one embodiment, biomarks may, but need not represent personal identity information.
The terms “connected” or “coupled” and related terms are used in an operational sense and not necessarily limited to a direct physical connection or coupling. Thus, for example, two devices may be coupled directly, or via one or more intermediary media or devices. As another example, devices may be coupled in such a way that information can be passed there between, while not sharing any physical connection one with another. Based on the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate a variety of ways in which connection or coupling exists in accordance with the aforementioned definition.
The phrase “human origination indication” or “human origination marker” generally refers to an indicator that may be associated with an electronic message to indicate human origination of the message as opposed to machine origination. Human origination indications include biomarks and may be generated by an email user's Mail User Agent (MUA) based upon the detection and/or output of one or more physical presence indicating mechanisms, such as smart cards, signature verification systems, magnetic keycards, security tokens, access-control devices, verification tests (such as visual or auditory test that may require a human operator to type into a Web form a few characters that appear on the form in a guise that prevents a computer or software robot from recognizing and copying them), electric field (EF) sensing devices, ultrasonic sensing devices, optoelectronic sensing (e.g., video or other optical sensing) devices, temperature sensing devices, systems based on reflection, infrared, microwave, pyroelectric systems, laser, inductive, or triboelectric sensing and the like either incorporated or otherwise integrated with a computer peripheral device or as a standalone device, and the like. In one embodiment, human origination indications may be associated with an email message by placing information within a header, such as a proprietary X-header or a standard “Human Origination:” header. According to one embodiment, human origination markers may be wrapped in digital signatures that include the originating timestamp and other message attributes.
The phrases “in one embodiment,” “according to one embodiment,” and the like generally mean the particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention, and may be included in more than one embodiment of the present invention. Importantly, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.
The phrase “Internet service provider” or “ISP” generally refers to a service provider or other organization that provides access to the Internet. ISPs may provide service via modem, ISDN, cable, DSL or the like and may also offer private line hookups (e.g., T1, fractional T1, etc.). As used herein, the term ISP is intended to encompass online services, such as America Online and CompuServe, that provide members with Internet access as well as members only content, forums and services. While ISPs are typically fee-based companies that provide third party subscribers or members with “dial-up” or direct access to the Internet via SLP, PPP, or TCP/IP, as used herein the term ISP is also intended to encompass companies in their role as employers supplying Internet access to employees and/or contractors. Therefore, for purposes of this application, an enterprise supplying email accounts to its employees acts as an ISP and the employees would be considered subscribers of the ISP.
If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”, “could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
The term “responsive” includes completely or partially responsive.
The phrase “service provider” generally refers to a company that provides users with services and/or subscriptions to a messaging network, such as the Internet, a wireless network, a mobile phone network and/or the like. As used herein, the phrase “service provider” is intended to encompass not only companies, such as ISPs, wireless operators, carriers and the like, that may provide access to messaging networks for a fee, but additionally is intended to encompass companies acting in their capacities as employers providing their employees and/or contractors with access to messaging networks. Consequently, for purposes of this application, an enterprise supplying email, voice, voice mail, mobile phone, text messaging and/or other messaging services to its employees and/or contractors acts as a service provider with respect to such employees and/or contractors and such employees and/or contractors would be considered subscribers of the service provider.
The term “subscriber” generally refers to an individual or company that is a user of services provided by a service provider. For purposes of clarity, in addition to covering the traditional notion of a subscriber as an individual or company that pays a fee for use and/or access to services provided by the service provider, as used herein, the term subscriber is intended to encompass employees, consultants, contractors and/or the like that are provided with services (e.g., email, voice, voice mail, mobile phone, wireless, text messaging and/or other messaging accounts) by virtue of their relationship with an employer or company.
Exemplary Computer System Overview
Embodiments of the present invention include various steps, which will be described in more detail below. A variety of these steps may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. As such, FIG. 1 is an example of a computer system 100, such as a workstation, personal computer, client, server, or gateway, upon which or with which embodiments of the present invention may be utilized.
According to the present example, the computer system includes a bus 130, at least one processor 105, at least one communication port 110, a main memory 104, a removable storage media 140 a read only memory 120, and a mass storage 125.
Processor(s) 105 can be any known processor, such as, but not limited to, an Intel® Itanium® or Itanium 2 processor(s), or AMD® Opteron® or Athlon MP® processor(s), or Motorola® lines of processors. Communication port(s) 110 can be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, or a Gigabit port using copper or fiber. Communication port(s) 110 may be chosen depending on a network such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system 100 connects.
Main memory 104 can be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device(s) commonly known in the art. Read only memory 120 can be any static storage device(s) such as Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information such as instructions for processor 105.
Mass storage 125 can be used to store information and instructions. For example, hard disks such as the Adaptec® family of SCSI drives, an optical disc, an array of disks such as RAID, such as the Adaptec family of RAID drives, or any other mass storage devices may be used.
Bus 130 communicatively couples processor(s) 105 with the other memory, storage and communication blocks. Bus 130 can be a PCI/PCI-X or SCSI based system bus depending on the storage devices used.
Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces 135, such as a display, keyboard, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to bus 130 to support direct operator interaction with computer system 100. Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through communication ports 110.
Optionally, one or more physical presence verification devices, such as smart card readers, signature verification systems, magnetic keycard readers, security token readers, other access-control devices, peripheral devices incorporating or standalone devices performing electric field (EF) sensing, ultrasonic sensing, optoelectronic sensing (e.g., video or other optical sensing), temperature sensing, sensing based on reflection, infrared, microwave, and/or the like, may also be coupled to bus 130 or communications ports 110 to support human origination verification of electronic messages originated by computer system 100 or one or more associated computer systems.
Optionally, one or more biometric devices, such as fingerprint readers, hand scanners, retina or iris scanners, voice or face recognition/verification system, or the like, may also be coupled to bus 130 or communications ports 110 to support human origination verification of electronic messages originated by computer system 100 or one or more associated computer systems.
Removable storage media 140 can be any kind of external hard-drives, floppy drives, IOMEGA® Zip Drives, Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disc-Re-Writable (CD-RW), Digital Video Disk-Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM).
The components described above are meant to exemplify some types of possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned examples limit the scope of the invention, as they are only exemplary embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention provide novel systems and methods for marking electronic messages to indicate human origination. A standard relating to marking electronic messages to indicate human origin by way of biomarking, for example, is anticipated to provide new capabilities in spam and email management within each layer of the messaging ecosystem. For example, a message that is biomarked will provide new opportunities in email sorting and classification that will benefit message filtering and storage infrastructure as well as mailbox presentation to the end user. According to one embodiment, email end users will be able to quickly view human originated email by way of segmented folders or sorting preferences.

## Claims

1. A computerized method, implemented on a computer system, for conveying human origination of an electronic message to at least one recipient comprising:
coupling at least one physical presence indicating mechanism to said computer system having a memory and a central processing unit (CPU) to perform processes for conveying human origination;
determining by said computer system that said message is human originated if output of said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism indicates a physical presence, wherein a biomark is used in assisting in the determining whether the message is human originated, and wherein the biomark is associated with a unique physical characteristic of an end user that originated the message;
marking said electronic message with a human origination indication containing information verifying that said electronic message is human originated if said electronic message was determined to be human originated by said computer system, wherein the human origination indication containing information is wrapped in a first digital signature that is included in the electronic message and that reflects an originating timestamp, and wherein the electronic message includes a second digital signature reflecting the biomark being associated with personal identity information;
receiving said electronic message and said human origination indication containing said information verifying said electronic message is human originated by at least one recipient; and
conveying to said at least one recipient of said electronic message that said electronic message is human originated by said human origination indication of said electronic message.

2. The computerized method of claim 1 wherein said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism is comprised of at least one of a group comprising: a physical presence verification device, a biometric device, a smart card reader, a signature verification system, a magnetic keycard reader, a security token reader, an access-control device, a verification test system, a verification test system incorporating a visual test requiring a human operator to type in a few characters that appear in a form that prevents a computer/software robot from recognizing said few characters, a verification test system incorporating an auditory test requiring a human operator to type in a few audio delivered characters that are in a form that prevents a computer/software robot from recognizing said audio delivered a few characters, a peripheral device incorporating electric field (EF) sensing, a standalone device performing electric field (EF) sensing, an ultrasonic sensing device, an optoelectronic sensing device based on electro-magnetic reflection, a physical presence sensing device based on infrared reflection, a physical presence sensing device based on microwave reflection, a pyroelectric system, a laser system, an inductive system, a triboelectric sensing system, a fingerprint reader, a hand scanner, a retina scanner, an iris scanner, a voice recognition system, and a face recognition system.

3. The computerized method of claim 1 wherein said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism is coupled to said computer system via at least one of a group comprising: a coupling between said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism and a communications bus of said computer system; a coupling between said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism and a communications port of said computer system; and a coupling between said computer system and a display/keyboard/cursor control device for data display/entry by a user.

4. The computerized method of claim 1 wherein said human origination indication containing information verifying that said electronic message is human originated used to mark said electronic message is associated with said electronic message via at least one of a group comprising: placing said human origination indicator within a header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a proprietary X-header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a standard Biomark-header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a standard Human Origination-header of said electronic message.

5. A computer system for conveying human origination of an electronic message to at least one recipient comprising:
at least one physical presence indicating mechanism coupled to said computer system;
a processor coupled to a memory and programmed with instructions to determine that said message is human originated if output of said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism indicate a physical presence and mark said electronic message with a human origination indication containing information verifying that said electronic message is human originated if said electronic message was determined to be human originated such that at least one recipient receives said electronic message and said human origination indication containing said information verifying said electronic message is human originated in order to convey to said at least one recipient that said electronic message is human originated, wherein a biomark is used in assisting to determine whether the electronic message is human originated, and wherein the biomark is associated with a unique physical characteristic of an end user that originated the electronic message, wherein the human origination indication containing information is wrapped in a first digital signature that is included in the electronic message and that reflects an originating timestamp, and wherein the electronic message includes a second digital signature reflecting the biomark being associated with personal identity information.

6. The computer system of claim 5 wherein said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism is comprised of at least one of a group comprising: a physical presence verification device, a biometric device, a smart card reader, a signature verification system, a magnetic keycard reader, a security token reader, an access-control device, a verification test system, a verification test system incorporating a visual test requiring a human operator to type in a few characters that appear in a form that prevents a computer/software robot from recognizing said few characters, a verification test system incorporating an auditory test requiring a human operator to type in a few audio delivered characters that are in a form that prevents a computer/software robot from recognizing said audio delivered few characters, a peripheral device incorporating electric field (EF) sensing, a standalone device performing electric field (EF) sensing, an ultrasonic sensing device, an optoelectronic sensing device based on electro-magnetic reflection, a physical presence sensing device based on infrared reflection, a physical presence sensing device based on microwave reflection, a pyroelectric system, a laser system, an inductive system, a triboelectric sensing system, a fingerprint reader, a hand scanner, a retina scanner, an iris scanner, a voice recognition system, and a face recognition system.

7. The computer system of claim 5 wherein said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism is coupled to said computer system via at least one of a group comprising: a coupling between said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism and a communications bus of said computer system; a coupling between said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism and a communications port of said computer system; and a coupling between said computer system and a display/keyboard/cursor control device for data display/entry by a user.

8. The computer system of claim 5 wherein said human origination indication containing information verifying that said electronic message is human originated used to mark said electronic message is associated with said electronic message via at least one of a group comprising: placing said human origination indicator within a header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a proprietary X-header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a standard Biomark-header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a standard Human Origination-header of said electronic message.

9. A non-transitory computer readable medium that stores a computer program product, said computer program product containing instructions for a computer system having a central processing unit (CPU) to perform processes for conveying human origination of an electronic message to at least one recipient, said processes comprising:
determining that said message is human originated if output of said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism indicates a physical presence, wherein a biomark is used in assisting in the determining whether the message is human originated, and wherein the biomark is associated with a unique physical characteristic of an end user that originated the message;
marking said electronic message with a human origination indication containing information verifying that said electronic message is human originated if said electronic message was determined to be human originated, wherein the human origination indication containing information is wrapped in a first digital signature that is included in the electronic message and that reflects an originating timestamp, and wherein the electronic message includes a second digital signature reflecting the biomark being associated with personal identity information;
receiving said electronic message and said human origination indication containing said information verifying said electronic message is human originated by at least one recipient; and
conveying to said at least one recipient of said electronic message that said electronic message is human originated by said human origination indication of said electronic message.

10. The machine-readable medium that stores said computer program product of claim 9 wherein said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism is comprised of at least one of a group comprising: a physical presence verification device, a biometric device, a smart card reader, a signature verification system, a magnetic keycard reader, a security token reader, an access-control device, a verification test system, a verification test system incorporating a visual test requiring a human operator to type in a few characters that appear in a form that prevents a computer/software robot from recognizing said few characters, a verification test system incorporating an auditory test requiring a human operator to type in a few audio delivered characters that are in a form that prevents a computer/software robot from recognizing said audio delivered few characters, a peripheral device incorporating electric field (EF) sensing, a standalone device performing electric field (EF) sensing, an ultrasonic sensing device, an optoelectronic sensing device based on electro-magnetic reflection, a physical presence sensing device based on infrared reflection, a physical presence sensing device based on microwave reflection, a pyroelectric system, a laser system, an inductive system, a triboelectric sensing system, a fingerprint reader, a hand scanner, a retina scanner, an iris scanner, a voice recognition system, and a face recognition system.

11. The machine-readable medium that stores said computer program product of claim 9 wherein said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism is coupled to said computer system via at least one of a group comprising: a coupling between said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism and a communications bus of said computer system; a coupling between said at least one physical presence indicating mechanism and a communications port of said computer system; and a coupling between said computer system and a display/keyboard/cursor control device for data display/entry by a user.

12. The machine-readable medium that stores said computer program product of claim 9 wherein said human origination indication containing information verifying that said electronic message is human originated used to mark said electronic message is associated with said electronic message via at least one of a group comprising: placing said human origination indicator within a header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a proprietary X-header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a standard Biomark-header of said electronic message, placing said human origination indicator within a standard Human Origination-header of said electronic message.