INHERENTLY 

DISRUPTIVE.

DTRA-JSTO on the front lines of 

chemical and biological defense.

The official eBook of the Defense Threat Reduction 

Agency’s (DTRA) Chemical and Biological 

Technologies Department, in its role as the

Joint Science and Technology Office (DTRA-JSTO)

Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
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2 DTRA.MIL
06 Chemical and Biological 

Defense Program (CBDP)

10 Defense Threat Reduction 

Agency (DTRA)

12 DTRA Mission Directorates

14 DTRA’s Chemical and 

Biological Technologies 

Department, in its role 

as the Joint Science and 

Technology Office (JSTO) 

for Chemical and Biological 

Defense (CBD)

04 Welcome

16 Mission, Vision, 

and Mindset

08 Science and Technology 

Investment Strategies

18 Core Capability Areas

Table of Contents

52 Join the DTRA Team

of Professionals

54 Doing Business with DTRA

56 DTRA CB by the Numbers

58 Peer-Reviewed Publications 

Affiliated with DTRA-JSTO

20 DTRA CB Division Overviews

Advanced and Emerging Threat

Detection and Diagnostics

Digital Battlespace Management

Protection and Hazard Mitigation

Research Center of Excellence

Research Operations Division 

Vaccines and Therapeutics

Warfighter Integration

Click on title to navigate to that page.

DTRA.MIL 3
Dynamic and emerging threats present 

great challenges to the United States and its 

interests here and abroad. Our investments 

help protect the U.S. warfighter and enable 

force readiness. At the Defense Threat 

Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) Chemical and 

Biological Technologies Department, in its role 

as the Joint Science and Technology Office 

(JSTO), our civilian and military workforce 

is focused on safeguarding our warfighters 

and the nation from the chemical and 

biological threats of today and tomorrow. We 

cannot afford to fail. We seek disruptive and 

innovative scientific and technical advances

to protect the warfighter and promote growth 

in the country’s private sector.

Due to the rapid pace of innovation, the weaponization 

of technology presents a greater challenge today than 

ever before. From synthetic biology to social media 

platforms, seemingly innocent tools are becoming 

weapons. As these new commercial technologies 

emerge, they will not only change society but also 

change the nature of war. These dynamic and evolving 

threats present a challenge both abroad and at home.

WELCOME

4 DTRA.MIL
Our commitment is to create a world-class 

science and technology organization that 

is prepared to respond to future chemical 

and biological threats. As an organization 

dedicated to disruptive, game-changing 

thinking, innovation, and critical thinking,

we deliver needed technological solutions. 

We work closely with other U.S. government 

agencies to ensure that resources are used 

efficiently and complement the advances 

necessary to provide whole-of-government 

solutions where appropriate. We must have 

the best possible science and technology 

capabilities to protect the warfighter and 

the United States from threats. To do so, 

we must actively engage with scientific 

communities in industry and academia. 

We are committed to providing innovative 

solutions in support of U.S. warfighters

and our nation.

THANK 

YOU.

Photo caption: Ronald Hann, Ph.D., Director, Chemical and 

Biological Technologies Department and Director, Joint 

Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological 

Defense, addresses the audience at the Chemical and 

Biological Defense Science & Technology Conference in 

November 2019. (Photo courtesy of DTRA CB)

Ronald Hann, Ph.D.

Director, Chemical and Biological 

Technologies Department 

Director, Joint Science and 

Technology Office for Chemical

and Biological Defense

Defense Threat Reduction Agency
The Chemical and Biological Defense Program 

(CBDP) is a U.S. Department of Defense-wide effort 

to develop and acquire capabilities that counter 

weapons of mass destruction (WMD). As part of an 

integrated and layered defense, the capabilities are 

for use in missions ranging from combat operations 

to domestic incident prevention and response efforts 

supported by the Department of Defense (DoD).

The threat posed by chemical, biological, radiological, 

and nuclear (CBRN) weapons is real and continues 

to evolve. The threats are asymmetric and more 

sophisticated than ever and are carried out by 

traditional state actors and nontraditional actors. 

For example, sustained use of chemical weapons in 

the Middle East and the increasing threat of WMD on 

the Korean peninsula not only illustrate the reality 

of threats our nation faces but also undermine the 

societal norms that protect civilians and security 

forces from WMD.

CBDP Vision

A Joint Force ready to fight and win 

a chemical- or biological-contested 

environment through a coordinated and 

integrated effort that systematically 

neutralizes the chemical and biological 

threats presented by our adversaries.

CBDP Mission

To anticipate future threats 

and deliver capabilities that 

enable the Joint Force to 

fight and win in chemicalor biological-contested 

environments.

CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL 

DEFENSE PROGRAM (CBDP)

6 DTRA.MIL
ENTERPRISE.

OPTIMIZE THE 

RELATIONSHIPS.STRENGTHEN 

EMERGING THREATS.MEET CURRENT AND 

CBDP 

LINES OF 

EFFORT
Excerpt is from the Summary of

the 2018 National Defense Strategy 

of the United States of America: 

Sharpening the American Military’s 

Competitive Edge.

To render CBRN threats ineffective 

through knowledge and actionable, 

innovative technology by focusing 

on DoD’s Lines of Effort:

SCIENCE AND 

TECHNOLOGY 

INVESTMENT 

STRATEGIES

“Rebuilding military readiness 

as we build a more lethal Joint 

Force; strengthening alliances 

as we attract new partners; and 

reforming the Department’s 

business practices for greater 

performance and affordability.”

8 DTRA.MIL
Photo caption: A U.S. Army soldier with the 863rd Engineer Battalion 

at the Argonne National Laboratory. (Photo courtesy of U.S. Army) 

DTRA.MIL 9
DTRA Defense Threat 

Reduction Agency 

(DTRA)

Detect the threats.

Deter the actions.

Defeat the enemy.

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) 

enables the DoD, the U.S. government, and 

international partners to counter and deter

WMD and improvised threat networks.

10 DTRA.MIL
DTRA is a combat support agency and a defense 

agency with a three-pronged mission:

Counter threats posed 

by the full spectrum 

of weapons of mass 

destruction, including 

chemical, biological, 

radiological, nuclear, and 

high-yield explosives.

Counter threats posed 

by the growing, evolving 

categories of improvised 

threats, including improvised 

explosive devices, car bombs, and 

weaponized consumer drones, as 

well as the tactics, technologies, 

and networks that put the threats 

on the battlefield.

Ensure that the U.S. 

military maintains a safe, 

secure, effective, and credible 

deterrent for nuclear weapons.

DTRA facilitates innovation by combining traditional research

with unconventional means to develop and quickly field solutions

to counter the most complex, deadly, and urgent threats facing

the United States and the rest of the world.
DTRA

The Cooperative Threat 

Reduction Directorate prevents 

the proliferation or use of WMD 

by working with partner nations 

to secure, eliminate, detect and 

interdict WMD-related systems 

and materials.

The mission of the Nuclear 

Enterprise Directorate is to 

provide capabilities that enable 

DoD warfighters, interagency 

stakeholders, allies, and 

partners to ensure a credible 

U.S. nuclear deterrent.

NUCLEAR 

ENTERPRISE

DIRECTORATE

COOPERATIVE 

THREAT REDUCTION 

DIRECTORATE

RESEARCH AND 

DEVELOPMENT 

DIRECTORATE

The Research and Development 

Directorate provides science, 

technology, and capability 

development investments that 

maintain the U.S. military’s 

technological superiority in 

countering WMD and asymmetric 

threats, mitigate the risks of 

technical surprise, and respond 

to the warfighter’s urgent 

technical requirements.

DTRA Mission 

Directorates

12 DTRA.MIL
The Strategic Integration 

Directorate shapes DTRA’s 

response to the challenges 

and priorities set forth in the 

National Defense Strategy, 

focusing the agency’s operations, 

activities, and investments in 

a manner that maximizes their 

cumulative effect in support of 

our warfighting customers.

The Operations and Integration 

Directorate provides operational 

understanding and analytic 

support in order to coordinate, 

integrate, and synchronize 

agency operations, activities, 

and investments and their 

effects against National Defense 

Strategy threats.

OPERATIONS 

AND INTEGRATION 

DIRECTORATE

STRATEGIC 

INTEGRATION 

DIRECTORATE

The On-Site Inspection and 

Building Capacity Directorate 

enables DoD, the U.S. 

government, and international 

partners to counter and deter 

WMD and improvised threat 

networks by conducting Arms 

Control Treaty Verification and 

Countering Weapons of Mass 

Destruction Building Partner 

Capacity Activities.

ON-SITE 

INSPECTION AND 

BUILDING CAPACITY 

DIRECTORATE

The Information Integration and 

Technology Services projects 

knowledge and capabilities in 

order to combat the threat of 

WMD and improvised threats and 

to ensure nuclear deterrence.

INFORMATION 

INTEGRATION 

AND TECHNOLOGY 

SERVICES

DTRA.MIL 13
OPERATING AS 

A SINGLE UNIT DTRA’s Chemical and Biological Technologies 

Department, in its role as the Joint Science

and Technology Office (JSTO) for Chemical

and Biological Defense

The CBDP fields capabilities which support the Joint Force's

ability to operate in a chemical, biological, radiological, and 

nuclear environment.

Department of

Defense (DoD)

Chemical and Biological

Defense Program

(CBDP)

BARDA (Biomedical Advanced Research and 

Development Authority), HHS (Health and Human 

Services), JPEO-CBRND (Joint Program Executive 

Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, 

and Nuclear Defense), and JRO-CBRND (Joint 

Requirements Office for Chemical, Biological, 

Radiological, and Nuclear Defense)

DTRA’s Chemical and Biological Technologies 

Department, in its role as the Joint Science 

and Technology Office (JSTO) for Chemical 

and Biological Defense
DTRA’s Chemical and Biological 

Technologies Department (CB), in its 

role as the Joint Science and Technology 

Office (JSTO), is DoD’s hub for chemical 

and biological technical expertise. DTRAJSTO is part of DoD’s effort in the CBDP 

and leads the defense community in 

anticipating and preparing for chemical 

and biological threats.

DTRA-JSTO and its partners provide 

cutting-edge technology solutions 

to build a more lethal force while 

empowering warfighters to achieve 

their missions in dangerous 

environments. In addition, DTRAJSTO has the dual responsibility of 

protecting against known threats of 

today and anticipating major threats 

of tomorrow.

“The only way to counter 

the threats associated 

with technological 

progress is to ‘outscience’ the enemy with 

disruptive power. We 

want to disrupt the threat 

before we face it. We 

want to change the game 

and how we fight. Our 

enemies — whoever they 

may be and whatever 

their threat may be.”

— Ronald Hann, Ph.D.

DTRA.MIL 15
Vision

Our nation, and its 

warfighters, safe 

from chemical and 

biological threats.

Mission

Lead DoD science and technology 

efforts to anticipate, defend, 

and safeguard against chemical 

and biological threats for the 

warfighter and the nation. 

Mindset

In the tradition of DoD’s continuous strides in 

research and development — such as developing 

penicillin for our troops during World War II 

— DTRA CB is to further advance the world of 

medicine by investing in transformational ideas, 

innovative people, and actionable technologies to 

defend against chemical and biological warfare. 

To help fulfill this responsibility, DTRA CB is managing 

innovation as an integrated system to find solutions against 

difficult problems, build a collaborative community, and 

balance investment portfolios against enterprise-wide 

strategy and requirements.

Mission, Vision, 

and Mindset 

of DTRA CB

16 DTRA.MIL
Strategy driven

DTRA CB executes 

according to the DoD’s 

Lines of Effort published 

in the National Defense 

Strategy. 

Performance driven

DTRA CB tracks and 

measures results, both 

within the team and in 

the research it invests 

in. DTRA CB assesses 

its defined progress 

against set milestones 

to produce measurable 

results.

Innovation driven

DTRA CB is focused

on transformational 

results through 

innovation.

Warfighter driven

DTRA CB’s primary 

goal is to protect 

the warfighter from 

attacks of chemical 

and biological warfare 

agents. 

Product driven

DTRA CB invests 

in efforts directed 

at producing an 

actual product — not 

simply knowledge for 

knowledge’s sake.

Collaboration driven

DTRA CB works with 

other government 

agencies, academic 

institutions, and 

industries to collaborate 

on ideas that will save 

and improve lives.

DTRA CB is:

Photo caption: A soldier cuts away clothing from a civilian acting as a simulated 

casualty at a decontamination site during an exercise at Muscatatuck Urban 

Training Center. (Photo courtesy of U.S. Army National Guard).

DTRA.MIL 17
UNDERSTAND. 

PROTECT.

MITIGATE.

Medical

diagnostics

Md

UNDERSTAND

Chemical

therapeutics

Ct

MITIGATE

Material contamination 

mitigation

Mc

MITIGATE

Biological

therapeutics

Bt

MITIGATE

Decision analysis

and management

Da

UNDERSTAND

Chemical 

detection

Cd

UNDERSTAND

Core Capability Areas

DTRA CB’s capabilities span a spectrum of needs to protect warfighters

and are grouped into three overarching categories of protections, 

understand, protect, and mitigate.

UNDERSTAND : Provides the Joint Force the ability to positively identify hazards from

traditional and emerging chemical and biological threats to improve the timeliness and

confidence of information for decision makers.

PROTECT : Provides the Joint Force the ability to prevent

the effects of chemical and biological hazards.

MITIGATE : Provides the Joint Force the ability to respond

to and remediate chemical and biological hazards.

DTRA CB focuses on all three aspects of an event — 

before, during, and after — to better equip and protect 

U.S. warfighters. DTRA CB must 

have the best possible science 

and technology capabilities to 

protect the warfighter and the 

United States from threats.

18 DTRA.MIL
Homeland

defense

Hd

Basic

research

Br

Threat-agent

science

Ts

UNDERSTAND

CBRN warning

and reporting

Cw

UNDERSTAND

Tactical WMD 

disablement 

Tw

Personnel MITIGATE

contamination 

mitigation

Pc

MITIGATE

Biological

detection

Bd

UNDERSTAND

Chemical

prophylaxis

Cp

PROTECT

Biological

prophylaxis

Bp

PROTECT

Expeditionary 

collective protection

Es

PROTECT

Percutaneous 

protection

Pp

PROTECT

Respiratory and

ocular protection

Ro

PROTECT GENERAL

GENERAL

DTRA.MIL 19
DTRA CB 

DIVISION

OVERVIEWS

20 DTRA.MIL
DTRA CB has eight divisions. Each division 

is charged with a set of responsibilities that 

contribute to DTRA CB’s mission, vision, and 

mindset. These divisions are: Advanced and 

Emerging Threat, Detection and Diagnostics, 

Digital Battlespace Management, Protection and 

Hazard Mitigation, Research Center of Excellence, 

Strategic Communication and Outreach, Vaccines 

and Therapeutics, and Warfighter Integration.

Photo caption: An AH-64 Apache attack helicopter takes off near 

soldiers participating in the Allied Spirit VII training exercise. 

The U.S. Army, along with its North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

allies and partners, continue to forge a dynamic presence with a 

powerful land network that simultaneously deters aggression and 

assures the security of the region. (Photo courtesy of U.S. Army).

DTRA.MIL 21
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Advanced and 

Emerging Threat 

Division

The Advanced and Emerging Threat 

Division provides critical chemical 

and biological agent property and 

reactivity data and determines 

toxicological mechanisms to inform 

risk assessment and support deterrence, 

response, and attribution for major biological 

or toxic chemical events. The division also 

develops and transitions chemical warfare 

agent pretreatments and therapeutics to 

address current and emerging threats to 

protect the lives of our warfighters. The 

following pages contain summaries of a few 

articles that illustrate the work of the division. 

22 DTRA.MIL
RISK

ASSESSMENT

BIOLOGICAL

MARKERS

TOXICOLOGY THERAPEUTICS

ANALYSIS

Photo caption: A simulated 

crime scene during a training 

exercise at Joint Base McGuireDix-Lakehurst, N.J., on October 

23, 2019. (Photo courtesy of 

U.S. National Guard)

DTRA.MIL 23
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS

Advanced and 

Emerging Threat 

Division

A “Humanized” Mouse 

Colony for Screening Early 

Developmental Drugs

DTRA-JSTO supported the development of 

a new humanized mouse model to study 

and help produce medical countermeasures 

for the treatment of intoxication due to an 

inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

Removing Chemical 

Threats from the Body 

Most Americans are familiar with commercial air 

fresheners. The effectiveness of those products 

is made possible by ring-shaped molecules 

called cyclodextrins. DTRA-JSTO is supporting 

research that explores how cyclodextrins can 

be turned into protective or therapeutic medical 

countermeasures by adding functional groups that 

allow them to target, sequester, and break down 

chemical weapons. These novel cyclodextrins 

will neutralize such chemical threats as organophosphate-based nerve agents and opioids.

24 DTRA.MIL
Humanoid Cells Testing: Predictive 

Toxicology Capabilities

Research studies typically take months or years to 

yield data on how a new chemical and biological 

threat agent can hurt the human body. However, 

scientists have learned that by combining select 

state-of-the-art computer tools and organ-on-a-chip 

technologies, warfighters, frontline responders, and 

developers of countermeasures will more quickly 

receive improved information on the hazards posed 

by chemical and biological threat agents.

Preventing Technical Surprise from 

a Changing Threat Landscape

With the emergence and spread of synthetic biology 

and other revolutionary technologies, we face 

unprecedented danger from the proliferation of 

advanced and emerging chemical and biological 

threats. Working with partners from DoD 

laboratories, DTRA-JSTO is establishing horizonscanning capabilities to assess the impact of these 

technologies, which might lower the barriers to 

develop, produce, and employ an advanced threat. 

The horizon-scanning efforts will help identify the 

early use of tools that can lead to the proliferation of 

advanced threats, preparing United States to counter 

the nefarious use of those tools by enemy forces.

DTRA.MIL 25
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Detection and 

Diagnostics 

Division

The Detection and Diagnostics 

Division pursues novel approaches 

in developing an advanced capability 

to inform and protect the warfighter 

from chemical and biological threats. 

The division also pursues novel approaches to 

enable the warfighter to see all threats in the

environment and in the body by developing 

innovative detection and diagnostic capabilities

to prepare, anticipate, and respond to chemical

and biological threats. The following pages 

contain summaries of a few articles that 

illustrate the work of the division. 

26 DTRA.MIL
Photo caption: A U.S. 

Army soldier takes photos 

of simulated radioactive 

material during exercise 

Vigilant Guard at the North 

Dakota Air National Guard 

Base, Fargo, N.D. Vigilant 

Guard is a joint agency 

emergency response exercise. 

(Photo courtesy of U.S. Air 

National Guard)

RAPID DNA DIAGNOSIS

SEQUENCING

INTEGRATED EARLY 

WARNING

LOCATION

DETECTION

DTRA.MIL 27
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS

Detection and 

Diagnostics 

Division

Blurring Science and Data Offers 

Clear Results in the Field

Since the mother of bioinformatics, 

Margaret Oakley Dayhoff, first published her 

comprehensive, computerized collection of 

protein sequences in 1965, bioinformatics 

has continued to evolve and enhance our 

understanding of biological data.

Following the Paper Trail 

to Identify Threats

In the fight to combat chemical and biological 

threat agents, every resource, even common 

household items, is utilized to protect warfighters. 

DTRA-JSTO uses paper and glass to improve 

chemical and biological agent detection 

capabilities for U.S. warfighters.

28 DTRA.MIL
Compact Vapor Chemical 

Agent Detector

DTRA-JSTO analyzes light reflected from 

butterfly scales to detect trace amounts 

of chemical warfare agents with increased 

precision and speed.

Next-Generation Genetic 

Sequencing

In February 2019, the Office of Deputy Assistant 

Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological 

Defense (DASD-CBD) requested an Opportunities 

Assessment of commercial technologies that 

perform next-generation genetic sequencing 

(NGS). DTRA-JSTO responded to DASD-CBD’s 

request by hosting a workshop to engage 

stakeholders in the analysis and applicability

of NGS technologies in biological warfare.

DTRA.MIL 29
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Digital Battlespace 

Management Division

The Digital Battlespace Management Division 

provides the warfighter with comprehensive 

chemical and biological data fusion and analysis 

capabilities to support situational awareness, 

decision making, and threat management. The 

division provides tools that accurately assess risk 

from CBRN hazards and identify courses of action at 

the speed of relevancy. The division’s technological 

tools enable users to share information and 

capabilities across connected components for near 

real-time input into command and control systems.

The division pushes the boundaries of data processing and 

management. By exploiting end-user device technology, such as 

neural processing units, the division incorporates high-performance, 

machine-learning operations that deliver results in faster-than-real 

time. By pushing advancements in automation and connectivity, the 

division is providing the Joint Force with enhanced CBRN decisionsupport tools on the battlefield and beyond. 

30 DTRA.MIL
Through the combination of advances in science and modeling technology, the 

division ensures greater chemical and biological threat awareness among warfighters. 

The division leverages threat-agent science data to ensure the Joint Force has the 

ability to characterize new chemical and biological threats and mitigate their effects 

on mission success. Advances in technology allow users to quickly assess traditional 

and novel threat agents and their dissemination pathways and predict the agents’ 

effects on humans and the environment. 

The division exploits synthetic training environments and provides warfighters with 

CBRN-specific cognitive, collective multi-echelon training and mission-rehearsal 

capabilities. Augmented reality, such as head-mounted displays, allow warfighters 

greater access to a high-fidelity, real-time picture of the operating environment. 

They are improving CBRN battlespace sensing, alerting, and response capabilities 

by advancing algorithm development and connectivity with the help of artificial 

intelligence and other advanced computational tools. 

The division is creating new algorithms to generate and disseminate warnings faster 

than ever before — helping prevent or limit exposure to personnel and improve 

medical countermeasure response times. Through a combination of partnerships and 

the collection of chemical and biological trials, physiological, and other environmental 

data, the division developed the Rapid Analysis of Threat Exposure algorithm, which 

allows users to predict an infection 48 hours before clinical suspicion with better than 

85% accuracy. 

The division is using tools such as artificial intelligence to evaluate algorithm fidelity and 

connectivity, as well as identify key indicators, combinations of indicators, and sensing 

modalities. These advances reduce the occurrence of false alarms and better predict 

the likelihood of exposure to chemical and biological threats. The following pages 

contain summaries of a few articles that illustrate the work of the division. 

DTRA.MIL 31
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS

Digital Battlespace 

Management 

Division

Oasis of Data in the SAHARA

DTRA-JSTO supported researchers at the National 

Center for Atmospheric Research to develop the 

Self-Organizing Map-Assisted Hazard Area Risk 

Analysis (SAHARA) tool. SAHARA reduces large 

climate datasets into manageable sizes while 

accurately modeling CBRN events.

CHIKRisk: Mapping the Next 

Chikungunya Outbreak

A new computer application — called CHIKRisk — 

uses statistical modeling to help predict the risk 

of an outbreak of the chikungunya virus, a disease 

transmitted by mosquitoes, which produces 

symptoms that include fever, rash, and severe joint 

pain. DTRA-JSTO collaborated with the Universities 

Space Research Association (USRA) to develop 

the application that maps and monitors the risk of 

acquiring the virus anywhere in the world. The Armed 

Forces Health Surveillance Center’s Global Emerging 

Infections Surveillance is using CHIKRisk to inform 

warfighters and decision-makers on the areas where 

future outbreaks of the chikungunya virus may occur.

32 DTRA.MIL
ATAK in the Field:

Forging a Tactical Edge

Through collaboration and innovation, DTRA-JSTO 

has integrated its powerful, hazard-awarenessand-response tools into the Android Tactical 

Assault Kit (or the Android Team Awareness Kit, 

ATAK). ATAK is a digital application available to 

warfighters throughout the DoD. ATAK offers 

warfighters geospatial mapping for situational 

awareness during combat — on an end-user device 

such as a smartphone or a tablet. Warfighters can 

now use ATAK to guide themselves to safety when 

confronted with a release of CBRN threats.

RATE Algorithm Can Predict Illness 

48 Hours Before Symptoms Show 

When a U.S. warfighter gets sick, that illness 

can have serious repercussions on the unit’s 

ability to execute critical missions. DTRA-JSTO 

is developing a predictive algorithm to identify 

when a service member is falling ill — due to 

anything from a cold to an exposure to biological 

weapons — up to 48 hours before they start to 

show any symptoms.

DTRA.MIL 33
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Protection and 

Hazard Mitigation 

Division

The Protection and Hazard Mitigation 

Division enhances warfighters’ 

protective equipment through 

advances to weight, material 

performance, contamination 

mitigation, cost, and more. The 

following pages contain summaries 

of a few articles that illustrate the 

work of the division. 

34 DTRA.MIL
Photo caption: A U.S. Army 

Reserve soldier with the 

369th Chemical Company 

performs chemical, 

biological, radiological 

and nuclear operations in 

full chemical gear. (Photo 

courtesy of U.S. Army)

EQUIPMENT

AND TOOLS

CHEMICAL AND

BIOLOGICAL 

HAZARDS

WARFIGHTER 

RESPONSE

DECONTAMINATION

DTRA.MIL 35
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS

Protection and 

Hazard Mitigation 

Division

Sprayable Slurry Offers 

the Missing Piece of the 

Decontamination Puzzle

Quickly and safely decontaminating missioncritical equipment from chemical warfare agents 

is a complicated puzzle. Warfighters must piece 

together chemistry, equipment, resources, and 

logistics — and it must be immediate —

to ensure combat effectiveness.

Keeping Your Cool: The Personal 

Thermal Management System

Impermeable protective suits prevent CBRN 

hazards from touching skin, but they retain 

body heat, which has been a concern of the 

DoD for some time. The heat retention makes 

the warfighter vulnerable to heat exhaustion or 

heat stroke. Industry researchers, supported 

by DTRA-JSTO, have developed the Personal 

Thermal Management System (PTMS) to 

actively cool warfighters wearing impermeable 

protective suits.

36 DTRA.MIL
CBART: When You Have 

Skin in the Game

Protective gear can safeguard the warfighter 

from exposure to chemical warfare agents; 

however, current garments are bulky, poorly 

ventilated, and hot to wear. DTRA-JSTO is 

improving protective garments.

It’s Getting Hot and Humid in Here

High heat and humidity kill biological warfare 

agents, such as anthrax, that could directly 

threaten the health and security of our 

warfighters. A joint effort between DTRA-JSTO 

and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren 

Division is optimizing the use of hot, humid air 

to decontaminate sensitive equipment that 

warfighters use, such as an aircraft.

DTRA.MIL 37
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Research Center 

of Excellence 

Division

The Research Center of Excellence 

Division serves as a research component 

of DTRA-JSTO and provides capabilities 

and competencies to DoD laboratories. 

The division executes the vision of 

DTRA-JSTO by creating opportunities to 

collaborate with DoD laboratories and 

increase communication between DTRAJSTO and stakeholders of the CBDP. An 

overall goal of the division is to help recruit 

and mentor young talent to serve as the 

next generation of the scientific workforce 

in chemical and biological defense.

38 DTRA.MIL
Activities that support division’s goals 

include personnel recruitment for 

term-employment positions in the 

government. Employees work in DoD 

laboratories with other government 

scientists to support cooperative 

research and development projects. 

DoD laboratories include those located 

at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities 

Development Command Chemical 

Biological Center, U.S. Army Medical 

Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 

U.S. Army Medical Research Institute 

of Infectious Diseases, and the Naval 

Medical Research Center. 

The division supports the NRC Research 

Associateship Programs, which provides 

postdoctoral research opportunities 

in chemical and biological defense at 

DoD laboratories and centers. Another 

effort is the Service Academy Research 

Initiative that directs funding to the 

Service Academies for small research 

projects, which provides opportunities 

for talented, young scientists and 

engineers to perform laboratory research

in chemical and biological defense. 

Photo caption: The Rapid Area 

Sensitive-Site Reconnaissance 

(RASR) is a remote-controlled 

robot, based on commercial, 

off-the-shelf technology, and is 

designed to protect warfighters 

in areas where chemical 

threats are not known.

(Photo courtesy of DTRA CB)

DTRA.MIL 39
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Research 

Operations 

Division 

The Research Operations Division is 

responsible for the management and 

daily operations of DTRA-JSTO. The 

division focuses on business processes, 

acquisition, strategic communication, 

workforce management and science, 

technology, engineering and math 

(STEM) activities. The division hosts 

several outreach events and has four 

primary responsibilities, which are 

presented in the following pages.

40 DTRA.MIL
OUTREACH AND 

ENGAGEMENTS

JSTO in the News is a recurring publication that highlights DTRA-JSTO’s

science and technology efforts in chemical and biological defense. Each issue 

emphasizes DTRA-JSTO as a research investment agency and an agency of 

interdisciplinary subject matter experts who engage scientists in academia, 

industry, and the government to benefit the warfighter and the nation.

Join the most innovative and influential members of the chemical and biological 

defense community at the premier chemical and biological defense conference! 

By exploring the potential of today’s technologies and the emerging threats of 

tomorrow, CBD S&T Conference offers an important experience for anyone 

committed to improving our world through chemical and biological defense.

DTRA CB supports STEM education and outreach activities throughout the 

nation, from elementary school through graduate school, to inspire and cultivate 

a diverse pool of talent to meet future defense technological challenges. 

Supported programs include the Joint Science and Technology Institute and the 

U.S.A. Science and Engineering Festival, the nation's largest STEM event.

DTRA CB hosts ongoing university engagement webinars to engage with 

students, faculty, and researchers across academia. The goal of these webinars 

is to create awareness for DTRA and DoD opportunities, as well as dialogue with 

active participants interested in the DTRA CB mission. Subject matter experts 

within DTRA present on various topics in each webinar.

 JSTO in the News

recurring publication

CBD S&T Conference

STEM Outreach

University Engagement 

Webinar Series

Keyword:

@cbdstconference

DTRA.MIL 41
Research 

Operations 

Division

Governance

Program Development 

and Strategic Analysis

1. Ensure Managers’ Internal Control 

Program and Statement of Assurance 

meet all Standards for Internal Control 

in the Federal Government that sets 

the standards for an effective internal 

control system for federal agencies.

1. Increasing efficiency and 

effectiveness of our business 

processes.

2. Maintain the Research Oversight 

Board, including integration of the 

U.S. Army Medical Research and 

Development Command Human 

Research Protection Office and Animal 

Care and Use Review Office review 

and approval process for all of DTRA.

2. Purposeful and decisional 

meetings/reviews.

3. Ensure DTRA-JSTO's Issuances and 

Directives are updated regularly and 

reflect current policy and procedures.

3. Knowledge management capability 

that identifies the issues and 

supports both leadership and the 

science and technology manager.

4. Ensure compliance of funded research 

with Dual Research of Concern policies 

and procedures as mandated by 

Office of the Secretary of Defense/

National Institutes of Health/Office 

of Science and Technology Policy.

4. Chemical and biological program 

funding — more efficient use 

of the withhold and unfunded 

requirement process.

5. Formalizing quarterly Unfunded 

Requirement process.

6. Managing monthly technology 

watch engagements with service/

national laboratories, industry, and 

academia to be connected with 

outside scientific developments.

42 DTRA.MIL
Strategic Communication 

and Innovation DTRA-JSTO Mission Support

1. Proactive communication and 

purposeful messaging.

1. Complete position description.

2. Congressional eyes and ears.

2. Try to reduce the administrative 

burden where possible.

3. Strategic communication road map. 3. Have more active professional 

development programs. 4. STEM and Historically Black 

Colleges and Universities/

Minority Institutions road map.

4. Manage the Enterprise Information 

Systems/Correspondence and Task 

Management System Tasker for DTRAJSTO, and insure appropriate, vetted 

responses are submitted on time.

DTRA.MIL 43
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Vaccines and 

Therapeutics 

Division

The Vaccines and Therapeutics 

Division supports the discovery, 

development, transition, and delivery 

of medical countermeasure products 

to protect the lives of warfighters and 

enable their recovery from exposure 

to current and emerging biological 

threats. The following pages contain 

summaries of a few articles that 

illustrate the work of the division. 

44 DTRA.MIL
Photo caption: A Navy Seaman 

prepares a needle with a flu 

vaccination aboard the USS 

Gerald R. Ford. (Photo courtesy 

of U.S. Navy)

COMPUTER

MODELING

RESEARCH LABORATORY COUNTERMEASURES

TESTING

DTRA.MIL 45
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS

Vaccines and 

Therapeutics 

Division

Micromotor Nanotoxoid: A Novel 

Delivery Vehicle for Oral Vaccines

Though tiny in stature, a nano-sized particle boasts 

a large surface area and can be manipulated to 

deliver drugs to a specific site in the body.

The Smell of Victory: 

Aerosolized Melioidosis 

Vaccine in Development

Melioidosis is real: it’s a category B bioterror

agent that kills more than half of the people it 

infects. To shield warfighters from the disease, 

DTRA-JSTO is supporting the research of a vaccine.

46 DTRA.MIL
The Ebola Vaccine and 

DTRA-JSTO’s Role

In December 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug 

Administration approved the use of the world’s 

first vaccine against Ebola virus disease. DTRAJSTO funded the vaccine’s initial development. 

The newly approved Ebola vaccine, called Ervebo, 

is more than 97% effective in preventing the 

disease caused by the species Zaire ebolavirus.

A Cargo Plane Saves Lives

Sometimes, a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster 

III airlifter can be just what the doctor ordered 

to help prevent the spread of Ebola virus 

disease. In August 2019, DTRA-JSTO assisted 

in transporting a bulk quantity of Ebola vaccine 

material from Germany to Pennsylvania.

DTRA.MIL 47
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS Warfighter 

Integration 

Division

The Warfighter Integration Division 

fosters strategic partnerships with 

the warfighter community involved in 

science and technology for chemical 

and biological defense. The division 

helps enhance technologies and 

delivers innovative DoD operational 

capabilities that address real-world 

challenges. The following pages contain 

summaries of a few articles that 

illustrate the work of the division. 

48 DTRA.MIL
LOCATION DECONTAMINATION UNIFORMS

DETECTION

WEARABLES

Photo caption: Members of 

2-263rd Air Defense Artillery 

Battalion, South Carolina 

National Guard, participated 

in an International Joint 

Force assessment of the first 

generation Chemical Agent 

Detector Colorimetric Reader 

(CADCoR) prototype. (Photo 

courtesy of U.S. Army)

DTRA.MIL 49
DTRA CB 

DIVISIONS

Warfighter 

Integration 

Division

Perceptive Dragon 2: 

Honing Integrated Early 

Warning Capabilities

Time and space to maneuver saves lives on the 

modern battlefield. More information, with more 

time to decide, allows commanders to make quick 

decisions that protect warfighters and allow them 

to accomplish their mission.

Warfighters Test Drive 

Tomorrow’s Technology

To evaluate new chemical and biological defense 

tools, DTRA-JSTO recently hosted the first largescale event specifically designed to assess 

technologies in near-operational conditions. 

Warfighters — those who will be relying on the 

equipment in the field — were on hand to provide 

real-time feedback in order to ensure they are 

armed with effective protective equipment.

50 DTRA.MIL
Clinicians Evaluate Prototypes 

for Administering Nucleic 

Acid-Based Vaccines

DTRA-JSTO routinely engages warfighters in the 

evaluation of potential new products that counter 

chemical and biological threats. Recently, at a 

User Feedback Event in Camp Bullis, Texas, U.S. 

Army medics and physician assistants evaluated 

new devices that administer nucleic acid-based 

vaccines. DTRA-JSTO supported this event, which 

was administered by the U.S. Army Medical 

Department Board.

OPTing for Real-Time Detection 

Warfighters must be prepared for the unthinkable, 

such as the release of a chemical or biological 

threat agent. But characterizing a particular 

harmful agent in the air can be difficult, delaying 

response time. The Optical Particle Trap (OPT), 

developed by DTRA, is changing that by providing 

warfighters with accurate, real-time detection of 

airborne chemical and biological agents.

DTRA.MIL 51
DTRA employees address the number one 

national security threat the United States faces. 

The threat of WMD can change everything about 

the way in which U.S. citizens live their lives. 

DTRA’s mission — enabling DoD, the U.S. government 

and international partners to counter and deter WMD 

and improvised threat networks — is of paramount 

importance for defending the United States. DTRA plays 

a critical role in the effort to detect, deter, and defeat 

those who seek to harm the United States and its allies.

JOIN THE 

DTRA TEAM OF 

PROFESSIONALS

Click to watch the DTRA-JSTO, CB 101 video.

52 DTRA.MIL
Whether nuclear surety and forensics, arms control, developing 

field technology for warfighters, or support to the combatant 

commands, DTRA exists to provide solutions that destroy, 

contain, or neutralize WMD before they can be used against 

the United States or its allies. 

When DoD seeks technical and operational expertise and 

proficiency in efforts to counter WMD, it contacts DTRA. 

DTRA seeks a diverse, innovative, and multitalented military

and civilian workforce to accomplish our mission. DTRA 

personnel are guided daily by the agency’s values: trustworthy,

empowered, agile, mission focused, innovative, and selfless. 

To achieve its long-term goals that are critical to national 

security, DTRA seeks high-performing, dedicated professionals

who have a passion for making the world safer. Consider 

becoming part of a team with responsibilities that span the

full range of activities necessary to counter and respond to 

WMD proliferation and use. 

DTRA has unique opportunities 

for students, recent graduates, 

and experienced professionals 

seeking a career change. For more 

information about positions at DTRA, 

visit the following websites: 

USA Jobs

www.usajobs.gov

DTRA.mil

www.dtra.mil

DTRA.MIL 53
As an agency on the cutting-edge of defense 

against the threat of WMD, DTRA frequently 

leverages the capabilities and expertise in 

the private sector. Therefore, DTRA strongly 

advocates relations with businesses, including 

small and disadvantaged business enterprises, 

and relevant entities.

Organizations interested in conducting 

business with DTRA can find information 

regarding procurement and business 

opportunities on the websites linked below. 

Additionally, information regarding contracts 

awarded, including justifications and approvals, 

are also available on these websites.

Doing Business 

With DTRA

54 DTRA.MIL
DTRA Contracts 

Organizations can engage in 

procurement and business 

opportunities with DTRA.

DTRA Broad Agency 

Announcement 

DTRA funds research across the 

technology spectrum from basic 

science to full-scale technology 

development.

Other Transaction 

Authority 

The Other Transaction Authority 

provides federal agencies with 

increased flexibility to enter 

agreements with new industry 

partners on solutions that provide 

warfighters with safe and effective 

countermeasures for WMD.

Defense Acquisition 

University’s Other 

Transaction Guide
DTRA CB 

Aberdeen, 

Maryland

Fort Belvoir, 

Virginia

DTRA CB employs a highly 

educated group of individuals, 

with nearly 80% possessing 

at least a bachelor’s degree. 

Among the 80%:

DTRA CB employs 

approximately 200 

individuals whose expertise include 

science, program management, and 

administration:

5%

active 

members of 

the armed 

forces 60%

civilians

doctorates

highest level completed

master’s degrees

bachelor’s degrees

1 dot = 1 person

35%

contractors

BY THE 

NUMBERS

DTRA CB personnel are 

primarily based in two 

locations: 

DTRA CB by the Numbers

56 DTRA.MIL
Users

Partners

Performers

We support a wide 

variety of government 

agencies, including:

The DTRA CB team 

partners with other 

government and 

nongovernment entities 

to advance its vital 

work. Partners include, 

but not limited to:

The work of DTRA CB 

is accomplished by a 

team of high-performing 

organizations, including:

• DTRA CB team

• Corporate sector 

members (e.g., 

biotechnology)

• Commercial 

sector members 

(biotechnology industry, 

pharmaceutical 

companies, etc.)

• U.S. national 

laboratories

• Universities and 

colleges across the 

country

•Nonprofit organizatio

• International research 

organizations

Click to visit the website of the 

Office of the Secretary of Defense.

Click to visit the website of the 

DoD Joint Staff.

Click to visit the website of 

DoD's Combatant Commands.

Click to visit the website of the 

U.S. Intelligence Community.

Click to visit the website of 

the Department of Energy 

laboratories.

Click to visit the website of the 

Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Click to visit the website of the 

U.S. Army Medical Research and 

Materiel Command.

Click to visit the website of the 

Defense Advanced Research 

Projects Agency.

Click to visit the website of the 

Biomedical Advanced Research 

and Development Authority.

Click to visit the website of 

the Food and Drug Administration.

Click to visit the website of the Department of Health and Human Services.

Click to visit the website of 

the Department of Homeland 

Security.

Click to visit the website of the 

Joint Program Executive Office.

Click to visit the website of the 

Military Service Branches.

• Office of the Secretary 

of Defense

• Joint Requirements 

Office

• DoD Joint Staff • Joint Program 

Executive Office

• Military service 

branches • Service members

•Defense Field Offic

• Chemical and 

Biological Defense 

Program

• Combatant commands

• Foundations and 

nonprofit organizations

• Defense Advanced 

Research Projects 

Agency

• National and 

international health 

organizations

• U.S. Army Medical 

Research and Materiel 

Command

• Department of 

Homeland Security • Federal Bureau of 

Investigation

• Department of Energy 

laboratories

• Department of Health 

and Human Services

• U.S. Intelligence 

Community

• Food and Drug 

Administration

• Biomedical Advanced 

Research and 

Development Authority

DTRA.MIL 57
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS Peer-Reviewed Publications

 Affiliated with DTRA-JSTO 

Journal Journal

Impact Factor

Citation

Journal impact factors are from Web of Science’s Master Journal List. Only those publications from

2019 and with journal impact factors greater than 10 are listed below.

Beginning on this page is a list of peer-reviewed publications that include an investment from DTRA-JSTO. 

Accounts of Chemical 

Research

21.661 Chen W, Glackin CA, Horwitz MA, et al. 2019. Nanomachines and other caps 

on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery. Accounts of Chemical 

Research. 52(6):1531–42.

ACS Central Science 12.837 Cafferty BxJ, Ten AS, Fink MJ, et al. 2019. Storage of information using small 

organic molecules. ACS Central Science. 5(5):911–16.

ACS Central Science 12.837 Grant J, O’Kane PT, Kimmel BR, et al. 2019. Using microfluidics and imaging 

SAMDI-MS to characterize reaction kinetics. ACS Central Science. 5(3):486–93.

ACS Nano 13.903 Chen W, Cheng CA, Zink JI. 2019. Spatial, temporal, and dose control of drug 

delivery using noninvasive magnetic stimulation. ACS Nano. 13(2), pp.1292–

1308.

ACS Nano 13.903 Swearer DF, Robatjazi H, Martirez JM, et al. 2019. Plasmonic photocatalysis 

of nitrous oxide into N2 and O2 using aluminum-iridium antenna-reactor 

nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 13(7):8076–86.

ACS Nano 13.903 Renard D, Tian S, Ahmadivand A, et al. 2019. Polydopamine-stabilized aluminum 

nanocrystals: aqueous stability and benzo [a] pyrene detection. ACS Nano.

13(3):3117–24.

Advanced Functional 

Materials

15.621 Jeerapan I, Sempionatto JR, Wang J. 2019. On-body bioelectronics: wearable 

biofuel cells for bioenergy harvesting and self-powered biosensing. Advanced 

Functional Materials. 1906243.

Advanced Science 15.804 Zhang L, Baker SL, Murata H, et al. 2019. Tuning butyrylcholinesterase 

inactivation and reactivation by polymer-based protein engineering. Advanced 

Science. 1901904.

Annual Review of 

Immunology

21.429 Klein RS, Garber C, Funk KE, et al. 2019. Neuroinflammation during RNA viral 

infections. Annual Review of Immunology. 37:73–95.

Biomaterials 10.273 Chen J, Su FY, Das D, et al. 2019. Glycan targeted polymeric antibiotic prodrugs 

for alveolar macrophage infections. Biomaterials. 195:38–50.

Cell 36.216 Davis CW, Jackson KJ, McElroy AK, et al. 2019. Longitudinal analysis of the 

human B cell response to Ebola virus infection. Cell. 177(6):1566–82.

Cell Host & Microbe 15.753 Bornholdt ZA, Herbert AS, Mire CE, et al. 2019. A two-antibody pan-ebolavirus 

cocktail confers broad therapeutic protection in ferrets and nonhuman primates. 

Cell Host & Microbe. 25(1):49–58.

58 DTRA.MIL
Cell Host & Microbe 15.753 Wec AZ, Bornholdt ZA, He S, et al. 2019. Development of a human antibody 

cocktail that deploys multiple functions to confer pan-ebolavirus protection. Cell 

Host & Microbe. 25(1):39–48.

Chemistry of Materials 10.159 Lyu J, Zhang X, Li P, et al. 2019. Exploring the role of hexanuclear clusters as 

Lewis acidic sites in isostructural metal-organic frameworks. Chemistry of 

Materials. 31(11):4166–72.

Chemistry of Materials 10.159 Goswami S, Noh H, Redfern LR, et al. 2019. Pore-templated growth of 

catalytically active gold nanoparticles within a metal-organic framework. 

Chemistry of Materials. 31(5):1485–90.

Coordination 

Chemistry Reviews

13.476 Chen Z, Hanna SL, Redfern LR, et al. 2019. Reticular chemistry in the rational 

synthesis of functional zirconium cluster-based MOFs. Coordination Chemistry 

Reviews. 386:32–49.

Coordination 

Chemistry Reviews

13.476 Drout RJ, Robison L, Farha OK. 2019. Catalytic applications of enzymes 

encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks. Coordination Chemistry Reviews.

381:151–60.

Journal of the American 

Chemical Society

14.695 Chen W, Cheng CA, Cosco ED, et al. 2019. Shortwave infrared imaging with 

J-aggregates stabilized in hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Journal of the 

American Chemical Society. 141(32):12475–80.

Journal of the American 

Chemical Society

14.695 Chen Z, Li P, Zhang X, et al. 2019. Reticular access to highly porous acs-MOFs 

with rigid trigonal prismatic linkers for water sorption. Journal of the American 

Chemical Society. 141(7):2900–05.

Journal of the American 

Chemical Society

14.695 Aulakh D, Liu L, Varghese JR, et al. 2019. Direct imaging of isolated singlemolecule magnets in metal-organic frameworks. Journal of the American 

Chemical Society. 141(7):2997–3005.

Journal of the American 

Chemical Society

14.695 Luo TY, Liu C, Gan XY, et al. 2019. Multivariate stratified metal-organic 

frameworks: diversification using domain building blocks. Journal of the 

American Chemical Society. 141(5):2161–68.

Journal of the American 

Chemical Society

14.695 Clark BD, DeSantis CJ, Wu G, et al. 2019. Ligand-dependent colloidal stability 

controls the growth of aluminum nanocrystals. Journal of the American Chemical 

Society. 141(4):1716–24.

MMWR Recommendations 

and Reports

14.874 Bower WA, Schiffer J, Atmar RL, et al. 2019. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United 

States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 

2019. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 68(4):1.

Nano Letters 12.279 Wei X, Beltrán-Gastélum M, Karshalev E, et al. 2019. Biomimetic micromotor 

enables active delivery of antigens for oral vaccination. Nano Letters.

19(3):1914–21.

Nano Letters 12.279 Gan XY, Keller EL, Warkentin CL, et al. 2019. Plasmon-enhanced chemical 

conversion using copper selenide nanoparticles. Nano Letters. 19(4):2384–88.

Nature Biomedical 

Engineering

17.135 Yamankurt G, Berns EJ, Xue A, et al. 2019. Exploration of the nanomedicinedesign space with high-throughput screening and machine learning.

Nature Biomedical Engineering. 3(4):318–27.

Nature Cell Biology 17.728 Skamagki M, Correia C, Yeung P, et al. 2019. Author correction: ZSCAN10 

expression corrects the genomic instability of iPSCs from aged donors.

Nature Cell Biology. 21(4):531–2.

DTRA.MIL 59
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS Peer-Reviewed Publications

 Affiliated with DTRA-JSTO (continued)

Nature Chemical Biology 12.154 Huang J, Liu S, Zhang C, et al. 2019. Programmable and printable Bacillus subtilis 

biofilms as engineered living materials. Nature Chemical Biology. 15(1):34–41.

Nature Communications 11.878 Sichtig H, Minogue T, Yan Y, et al. 2019. FDA-ARGOS is a database with public 

quality-controlled reference genomes for diagnostic use and regulatory science. 

Nature Communications. 10(1):1–3.

Nature Communications 11.878 Casulli J, Fife ME, Houston SA, et al. 2019. CD200R deletion promotes a 

neutrophil niche for Francisella tularensis and increases infectious burden and 

mortality. Nature Communications. 10(1):1–9.

Nature Communications 11.878 Purcell O, Wang J, Siuti P, et al. 2019. Publisher correction: encryption and 

steganography of synthetic gene circuits. Nature Communications. 10(1):1–1.

Nature Communications 11.878 Brannan JM, He S, Howell KA, et al. 2019. Post-exposure immunotherapy for two 

ebolaviruses and Marburg virus in nonhuman primates. Nature Communications.

10(1):1–10.

Nature Communications 11.878 King LB, West BR, Moyer CL, et al. 2019. Cross-reactive neutralizing human 

survivor monoclonal antibody BDBV223 targets the ebolavirus stalk.

Nature Communications. 10(1):1–8.

Nature Communications 11.878 Baker SL, Munasinghe A, Kaupbayeva B, et al. 2019. Transforming

protein-polymer conjugate purification by tuning protein solubility.

Nature Communications. 10(1):1–2.

Nature Microbiology 14.633 Kim AS, Austin SK, Gardner CL, et al. 2019. Protective antibodies against 

Eastern equine encephalitis virus bind to epitopes in domains A and B of the E2 

glycoprotein. Nature Microbiology. 4(1):187–97.

Nature Neuroscience 21.126 Garber C, Soung A, Vollmer LL, et al. 2019. T cells promote microgliamediated synaptic elimination and cognitive dysfunction during recovery from 

neuropathogenic flaviviruses. Nature Neuroscience. 22(8):1276.

Nature Reviews Cancer 51.848 Wu MR, Jusiak B, Lu TK. 2019. Engineering advanced cancer therapies with 

synthetic biology. Nature Reviews Cancer. 19(4):187–95.

Nature Structural & 

Molecular Biology

12.109 West BR, Wec AZ, Moyer CL, et al. 2019. Structural basis of broad ebolavirus 

neutralization by a human survivor antibody. Nature Structural & Molecular 

Biology. 26(3):204–12.

Neuron 14.403 Cain MD, Salimi H, Diamond MS, et al. 2019. Mechanisms of pathogen invasion 

into the central nervous system. Neuron. 103(5):771–83.

Science 41.063 Mullin E. 2019. Nanoscavengers could protect people from sarin gas, other nerve 

agents. Science. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/nanoscavengerscould-protect-people-sarin-gas-other-nerve-agents#. Accessed April 13, 2020.

Science Advances 12.804 Yen TJ, Lolicato M, Thomas-Tran R, et al. 2019. Structure of the saxiphilin: 

saxitoxin (STX) complex reveals a convergent molecular recognition strategy for 

paralytic toxins. Science Advances. 5(6):eaax2650.

60 DTRA.MIL
Science Advances 12.804 O’Kane PT, Dudley QM, McMillan AK, et al. 2019. High-throughput mapping of 

CoA metabolites by SAMDI-MS to optimize the cell-free biosynthesis of HMGCoA. Science Advances. 5(6):eaaw9180.

Science Advances 12.804 Robatjazi H, Weinberg D, Swearer DF, et al. 2019. Metal-organic frameworks 

tailor the properties of aluminum nanocrystals. Science Advances.

5(2):eaav5340.

Science Translational 

Medicine

17.2 Ko SY, Akahata W, Yang ES, et al. 2019. A virus-like particle vaccine prevents 

equine encephalitis virus infection in nonhuman primates. Science Translational 

Medicine. 11(492):eaav3113.

Science Translational 

Medicine

17.2 Tao D, McGill B, Hamerly T, et al. 2019. A saliva-based rapid test to quantify the 

infectious subclinical malaria parasite reservoir. Science Translational Medicine.

11(473):eaan4479.

Science Translational 

Medicine

17.2 Lo MK, Feldmann F, Gary JM, et al. 2019. Remdesivir (GS-5734) protects African 

green monkeys from Nipah virus challenge. Science Translational Medicine.

11(494):eaau9242.

Science Translational 

Medicine

17.2 Toots M, Yoon JJ, Cox RM, et al. 2019. Characterization of orally efficacious 

influenza drug with high resistance barrier in ferrets and human airway epithelia. 

Science Translational Medicine. 11(515).

Science Translational 

Medicine

17.2 Zhang P, Liu EJ, Tsao C, et al. 2019. Nanoscavenger provides long-term 

prophylactic protection against nerve agents in rodents. Science Translational 

Medicine. 11(473):eaau7091.

Small 10.856 Silvani G, Scognamiglio C, Caprini D, et al. 2019. Reversible cavitation-induced 

junctional opening in an artificial endothelial layer. Small. 15(51):1905375.

Small 10.856 Lee DT, Jamir JD, Peterson GW, et al. 2019. Water-stable chemical-protective 

textiles via euhedral surface-oriented 2D Cu–TCPP metal-organic frameworks. 

Small. 15(10):1805133.

Trends in Biotechnology 13.747 Tom JK, Albin TJ, Manna S, et al. 2019. Applications of immunomodulatory 

immune synergies to adjuvant discovery and vaccine development. Trends in 

Biotechnology. 37(4):373–88.

DTRA.MIL 61
Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) 

Chemical and Biological Technologies 

Department, in its role as the Joint Science 

and Technology Office (DTRA-JSTO)

www.dtra.mil

Keyword: DoDDTRA

Approved for public release. 

Distribution is unlimited.