DNA 6016F 

SHOT 

SIMON 

A Test of the 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series 

25 APRIL 1953 

United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests 

Nuclear Test Personnel Review 

Prepared by the Defense Nuclear Agency as Executive Agency T>&Y2_2 ti 

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DNA 6016F 

1. TITLE (and Subtitle) 

SHOT SIMON 

A Test of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series 

5. TYPE OF REPORT 6 PERIOD COVERED 

Techrlical RePort 

25 April 1953 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 

1 JRB 2-816-03-423-00 

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Jeannie Massie, Carl Maag, Stephen Rohrer, 

Robert Shepanek 

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Director 13 January 1982 

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For sale by National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 

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B350079464 U99QAXMK50608 H2590D. 

19. ,‘EY WORDS (conttnue on reveree aIda if nsces.ary sld identify by block number) 

SIMON Volunteer Officer Observers Program 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Orientation and Indoctrination Program 

Exercise Desert Rock V Operational Helicopter Test 

Tactical Troop Maneuver Program Nevada Proving Ground 

Ionizing Radiation 

This report describes the activities performed by DOD personnel, 

both civilian and military, at SHOT SIMON, the seventh nuclear test 

in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series. SIMON 

had an expected yield of 35 kilotons, but its actual yield was 43 kilotons. 

The test was conducted on 25 April 1953 and involved participants from 

Exercise Desert Rock V, AFSWP, AFSWC, and the AEC test groups. The Tactical 

Troop Maneuver involved about 2,450 Army personnel. The Volunteer Observer 

Program had eight participants: seven from the Army and one from the Navy. 

--_._ 

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contribution of numerous reviewers in the Military Services and other 

organizations in addition to those listed in block 7. 

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PREFACE 

Between 1945 and 1962, the United States Government, through 

the Manhattan Engineer District and its successor agency, the 

Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), conducted 235 atmospheric nuclear 

weapons tests at sites in the southwestern United States and in 

the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. In all, an estimated 220,000 

Department of Defense (DOD) participants, both military and 

civilian, were present at the tests. Of these, approximately 

90,000 were present at the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests 

conducted at the Nevada Proving Ground (NPG),* northwest of Las 

Vegas, Nevada. 

In 1977, 15 years after the last above-ground weapons test, 

the Center for Disease Control+ noted a possible leukemia cluster 

among a small group of soldiers present at Shot SMOKY, one 

weapons-related test of Operation PLUMBBOB, the series of 

atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted in 1957. Since that 

initial report by the Center for Disease Control, the Veterans 

Administration has received a number of claims for medical 

benefits from former military personnel who believe their health 

may have been affected by their participation in the atmospheric 

nuclear weapons tests. 

In late 1977, DOD began a study to provide data to both the 

Center for Disease Control and the Veterans Administration on 

potential exposures to ionizing radiation among its military and 

civilian personnel who participated in the atmospheric nuclear 

weapons tests. DOD organized an effort to: 

0 Identify DOD personnel who had taken part in the 

atmospheric nuclear weapons tests 

*Renamed the Nevada Test Site in 1955. 

+The Center for Disease Control, an agency of the U.S. 

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services). 

1 
0 Determine the extent of the participants' exposure 

to ionizing radiation 

0 Provide public disclosure of information concerning 

participation by DOD personnel in the atmospheric 

nuclear weapons tests. 

This report on Shot SIMON is based on the military and 

technical documents associated with the atmospheric nuclear 

weapons test event. 

METHODS AND SOURCES USED TO PREPARE THIS VOLUME 

Many of the documents pertaining specifically to DOD 

involvement during Shot SIMON, the seventh event of the UPSHOTKNOTHOLE Series, were found in the Defense Nuclear Agency 

Technical Library, the Department of Energy Nevada Operations 

Office, the Los Alamos National Laboratory,* and the Modern 

Military Branch of the National Archives. 

In most cases, the surviving historical documentation of 

activities conducted at Shot SIMON addresses test specifications 

and technical information, rather than personnel data. The 

available historical documentation sometimes has inconsistencies 

in vital facts. Efforts have been made to resolve these 

inconsistencies wherever possible, or otherwise to bring them to 

the attention of the reader. 

For several of the Exercise Desert Rock and test organization projects discussed in this volume, the onlv documents 

available are the Sixth Army Desert Rock operation orders and the 

Test Director's Schedule of Events from "Operation Order l-53." 

These sources detail the plans developed by DOD and AEC personnel 

prior to the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series. It is not known if all of 

*Formerly Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) 
the projects addressed in these planning documents were conducted 

exactly as planned. Although some of the after-action documents, 

such as the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project weapons test 

reports, summarize the projects performed during the UPSHOTKNOTHOLE Series, they do not always supply shot-specific information. In the absence of shot-specific after-action reports, 

projects are described according to the way they were planned. 

The references indicate whether the description of activities is 

based on the schedule of events, operation orders, or afteraction reports. 

To facilitate use of references, this volume uses weapons 

test report titles for each project. All yield information 

presented in this report is taken from the Department of Energy, 

Announced United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through 1979 

(NVO-209). Other data on the tests, concerning fallout patterns, 

meteorological conditions, and cloud dimensions, are taken from 

DNA 1251-1, Compilation of Local Fallout Data from Test 

Detonations 1945-1962, volume 1, except in instances where more 

specific information is available elsewhere. 

ORGANIZATION AND CONTENT OF OPERATION UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE REPORTS 

This volume details participation by DOD personnel in Shot 

SIMON, the seventh detonation of the Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE 

atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series. Four other publications address DOD activities during the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series: 

l Series volume: Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests, 1953 

l Shot volume: Shots ANNIE to RAY, the First Five 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Tests 

0 Shot volume: Shot BADGER 

0 Shot volume: Shots ENCORE to CLIMAX, the Final 

Four UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Tests. 

The volumes addressing the test events of Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE have been designed to complement one another. The 
series volume describes those dimensions of Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE that apply to the series as a whole, such as historical 

background, organizational relationships, and radiological safety 

procedures. In addition, that volume discusses the overall 

objectives of the operation, describes the geographic layout of 

the NPG, and contains a bibliography of works consulted in the 

preparation of all f,ive Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE reports. 

The single-shot volumes describe DOD participation in Shots 

BADGER and SIMON, and the multi-shot volumes combine shotspecific descriptions of the other nuclear events of the 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series. The shot and multi-shot volumes list 

only the sources referenced in each text. Descriptions of 

activities concerning any particular shot in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE 

Series, whether the shot is addressed in a single-shot volume or 

in a multi-shot volume, should be supplemented by the general 

organizational and radiological safety information contained in 

the Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE volume. 

This volume is divided into four chapters: an introduction, 

two chapters on DOD activities, and a final chapter on radiation 

protection. It examines the activities of DOD personnel before, 

during, and after the SIMON event, focusing on their movements 

relative to the radiological environment. The procedures 

designed to ensure personnel safety, including exposure records 

indicating the effectiveness of those procedures, are discussed 

in chapter 4 whenever that information is available. 

The information in this report is supplemented by the 

Reference Manual: Background Materials for the CONUS Volumes. 

The Reference Manual summarizes the basics of radiation physics, 

radiation health concepts, exposure criteria, and measurement 

techniques, as well as listing acronyms and terms used in the 

reports documenting the test events in the continental United 

States. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PAGE 

PREFACE ........................... 

LIST OF ILLUSTHATIONS. ................... 

LIST OF TABLES ....................... 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............. 

SHOT SYNOPSIS. ....................... 

CHAPTER 

1 INTRODUCTION. ...................... 

1.1 Department of Defense Participation at Shot 

SIMON. 

1.2 Radiati&n'PGoieitioA &&ed;r&s'd;ring ShAt'SiMbN: : 

2 EXERCISE DESERT ROCK V OPERATIONS AT SHOT SIMON ..... 

2.1 Camp Desert Rock Personnel ............. 

2.2 Orientation and Indoctrination ........... 

2.3 Volunteer Officer Observers. ............ 

2.4 Tactical Troop Maneuvers .............. 

2.5 Operational Helicopter Tests ............ 

2.6 Damage Effects Evaluation. ............. 

3 JOINT TEST ORGANIZATION OPERATIONS AT SHOT SIMON. .... 

3.1 Military Effects Group Projects. .......... 

3.2 Weapons Development Group Projects ......... 

3.3 Civil Effects Group Projects ............ 

3.4 Air Force Special Weapons Center Activities. .... 

3.4.1 Cloud Sampling. ............... 

3.4.2 Sample Courier Missions ........... 

3.4.3 Cloud Tracking. ............... 

3.4.4 Aerial Surveys of Terrain .......... 

4 RADIATION PROTECTION AT SHOT SIMON. ........... 

4.1 Desert Rock Radiation Protection Procedures. .... 

4.1.1 Radiation Protection for the Tactical 

Troop Maneuver and the Observers. ...... 

4.1.2 Radiation Protection for the Volunteer 

Officer Observers .............. 

1 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

11 

14 

16 

17 

;': 

23 

27 

28 

3.2 

32 

49 

49 

50 

51 

53 

53 

53 

54 

55 

55 

56 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 

CHAPTER PAGE 

4.1.3 Radiation Protection for the Operational 

Helicopter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 

4.2 Joint Test Organization Radiation 

Protection Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

4.2.1 Dosimetry .................. 58 

4.2.2 Logistics .................. 59 

4.2.3 Monitoring. ................. 59 

4.2.4 Plotting and Briefing ............ 61 

4.2.5 Decontamination ............... 63 

REFERENCE LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

FIGURE PAGE 

1-l 

2-l 

2-2 

3-l 

4-l 

4-2 

Location of Shot SIMON in the Nevada Proving Ground . . 10 

Locations of SIMON Ground Zero, Trenches, 

and Route of March. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Operational Helicopter Tests at Shot SIMON. . . . . . . 29 

Navy Drone Element on a Practice Run for Pro,ject 5.1 

atSIMON........................ 39 

Initial Survey for Shot SIMON, 25 April 1953, 

0730 Hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 

Resurvey for Shot SIMON, 25 April 1953, 

1500 Hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

LIST OF TABLES 

TABLE PAGE 

2-l Exercise Desert Rock V Activities at Shot SIMON . . . . 16 

2-2 Home Stations of Personnel Participating in the 

Tactical Maneuver at Shot SIMON ; . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

3-1 Test Group Projects with Department of Defense 

Participation, Shot SIMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

3-2 AFSWC Air Mission Support, Shot SIMON . . . . . . . . . 51 

6 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 

The following abbreviations and acronyms are used in this volume: 

AEC 

AFB 

AFSWC 

AFSWP 

BCT 

BJY 

DOD 

EG&G 

FCDA 

HumRRC) 

IBDA 

JTO 

LASL 

NPG 

R/h 

SAC 

UTM 

Atomic Energy Commission 

Air Force Base 

Air Force Special Weapons Center 

Armed Forces Special Weapons Project 

Battalion Combat Team 

BUSTER-JANGLE Y 

Department of Defense 

Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Incorporated 

Federal Civil Defense Administration 

Human Resources Research Office 

Indirect Bomb Damage Assessment 

Joint Test Organization 

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 

Nevada Proving Ground 

roentgens per hour 

Strategic Air Command 

Universal Transverse Mercator 

7 
SIMON 

SHOT SYNOPSIS 

AEC TEST SERIES: UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE 

DOD EXERCISE: DESERT ROCK V 

DATE/TIME: 25 April 1953, 0430 hours 

YIELD: 43 kilotons 

HEIGHT OF BURST: 300 feet (tower) 

AEC Objective: To evaluate the nuclear yield, blast, thermal 

and radiological phenomena produced by this 

experimental device. 

DOD Objective: To evaluate military equipment, tactics, and 

doctrine and to provide training for troops in 

a tactical maneuver involving a nuclear 

detonation. 

Weather: At shot-time, the winds at surface level were 

north-northwest at five knots. At all levels 

above 10,000 feet, the wind was from the west. 

At 40,000 feet, it was at 48 knots. The 

surface temperature was 11.7'C, the relative 

humidity was 26 percent, and the pressure was 

870 millibars. 

Radiation Data: SIMON had a yield considerably greater than 

predicted. Onsite fallout occurred mostly to 

the east of ground zero. In other directions, 

intensities greater than 0.1 R/h (at the time 

of the initial survey completed at 0730 hours) 

were confined to an area extending two 

kilometers from ground zero. Intensities 

greater than 1.0 R/h were within a twokilometer radius of ground zero. 

Participants: Exercise Desert Rock V participants, including 

the Helicopter Atomic Test Unit from the 2d 

Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise 

Brigade; Armed Forces Special Weapons Project; 

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Air Force 

Special Weapons Center; contractors. 

8 
CHAPTER 1 

INTRODUCTION 

Shot SIMON was detonated at 0430 hours Pacific Standard Time 

on 25 April 1953 at the Nevada Proving Ground, the Atomic Energy 

Commission continental nuclear test site located northwest of Las 

Vegas. It was the seventh test of Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, a 

series of 11 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted from 17 

March to 4 June 1953. Shot SIMON was fired on a 300-foot steel 

tower in Area 1 of Yucca Flat, UTM coordinates 798009,* nearly 50 

kilometers+ from Camp Mercury and Camp Desert Rock. Figure 1-l 

shows the location of the SIMON detonation in relation to the 

other ten events of Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE. The detonation 

had a yield equivalent to 43 kilotons of TNT, considerably 

greater than the predicted vield of 35 kilotons. 

The top of the cloud resulting from Shot SIMON rose to an 

altitude of 44,000 feet.** At 40,000 feet, the wind was from the 

west at 48 knots. Radioactive fallout occurred on the main access 

road and at several stations in Yucca Flat, which prevented early 

instrument-recovery operations. Offsite, fallout on U.S. 91 and 

93 north of Glendale, Nevada, was such that the Test Director 

ordered roadblocks to be established on these highways. This was 

the first time any of the continental tests had required 

*Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates are used in 

this report. The first three digits refer to a point on an 

east-west axis, and the second three refer to a point on a 

north-south axis. The point so designated is the southwest 

corner of an area 100 meters square. 

+Throughout this report, surface distances are given in metric 

units. The metric conversion factors include: 1 meter = 3.28 

feet; 1 meter = 1.09 yards; and 1 kilometer = 0.62 miles. 

**Altitudes are measured from mean sea level, while heights are 

measured 'from the ground. All vertical distances are given in 

feet. 
BADGER - 

RAY - 

NANCY - 

SIMON- 

--_- 

4@J 

12 

b-__-- 

- 

I 

1 4 \ 

I 

II 

Yucca 

L-___- 

News Nob, 

n 

C0ntrd 

Point 

Flat 

--__ 

I 

31 -1 

Frenchman 

Lake 

North 

-CLIMAX 

-DIXIE 

-RUTH 

-ANNIE 

-HARRY 

ENCORE 

GRABLE 

Camp Mercury 

KIlometers 

8 Ground Zero 

Figure l-l: LOCATION OF SHOT SIMON IN THE NEVADA PROVING GROUND 

10 
roadblocks off the NPG to monitor vehicles for radioactive 

contamination (12; 20; 24).* 

The SIMON device was developed for the Atomic Energy 

Commission by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, one of two 

AEC nuclear weapons development laboratories. The device was 

experimental, and its detonation was designed to permit 

evaluation of the yield, blast, thermal, and radiplogical 

phenomena associated with it (12; 20; 24). 

1.1 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PARTICIPATION AT SHOT SIMON 

Department of Defense personnel took part in three types of 

activities at Shot SIMON, as at other shots in Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE: scientific experiments, military technical and 

training projects, and support services. The Weapons Development 

Group, the Military Effects Group, and the Civil Effects Group 

conducted the scientific experiments. Various armed services 

personnel on temporary assignment from stations throughout the 

country conducted the military technical and training projects, 

known as Exercise Desert Rock V. Camp Desert Rock troops, 

elements of the Joint Test Organization (JTO), and Air Force 

Special Weapons Center (AFSWC) personnel provided support 

services. 

In the area of scientific experimentation, the two AEC 

weapons development laboratories, the Los Alamos Scientific 

Laboratorv and the University of California Hadiation Laboratory, 

collaborated to form the Weapons Development Group. This test 

group studied the characteristics of the various UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE 

detonations in an effort to develop more sophisticated nuclear 

*All sources cited in the text are listed alphabetically and 

numbered in the Reference List at the end of this volume. The 

number given in the text is the number of the source document in 

the Reference List. 

11 
weapons. At Shot SIMON, the Weapons Development Group performed 

23 experiments to study the effects of the detonation, all of 

which were conducted by LASL. DOD personnel assisted in five of 

these experiments. The Military Effects Group, sponsored by 

Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Pro,ject (AFSWP), 

conducted 27 scientific experiments to determine specific 

applications of the nuclear devices against a variety of military 

targets. DOD personnel conducted all of these experiments. The 

Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) Civil Effects Group 

conducted ten experiments that dealt with civil defense shelter 

durability and the effects of radiation on living organisms and 

drugs. DOD personnel assisted in two of these experiments. 

Participants in test group projects generallv fielded data 

collection instruments at various distances around ground zero in 

the days and weeks before the scheduled detonation. They 

returned and recovered the equipment sometime after the 

detonation, when the Test Manager had determined that the 

radiological environment in the test area would permit limited 

access (12; 22). 

Exercise Desert Rock V technical and training projects at 

Shot SIMON included an orientation and indoctrination program in 

which the participants witnessed the nuclear detonation from 

trenches and then viewed the effects of the detonation on 

military equipment. In addition, volunteer officer observers 

witnessed the detonation from trenches closer to ground zero than 

those used by the other observers. At Shot SIMON, Exercise 

Desert Rock V also included a troop maneuver in the shot area, as 

well as helicopter tests conducted by the Marine Corps (32; 34). 

Exercise Desert Rock V programs generally accounted for the 

greatest number of DOD participants during UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE tests, 

and Shot SIMON was no exception. In contrast to the various 

scientific experiments, which involved an estimated 350 DOD 

personnel, the number of Exercise Desert Rock V participants at 

Shot SIMON is estimated at more than 3,000. Most of these 

12 
individuals participated in SIMON only, unlike members of the 

test groups who may have been active at the test site throughout 

Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE (12; 22; 32; 34). 

A varietv of support services were required by Desert Rock 

and test group personnel, as well as by the Test Manager, who was 

responsible for the execution of the tests. About 170 soldiers 

from the 9778th Radiological Safety Support Unit from Fort 

McClellan, Alabama, provided onsite radiological safety monitoring for the Test Manager. Approximately 2,000 soldiers from 

various Army units maintained and operated Camp Desert Rock, an 

installation of the U.S. Sixth Army. These personnel administered Exercise Desert Rock V activities and performed various 

services. Support troops worked in the forward areas of the NPG 

to construct observer trenches, lay communication lines, provide 

transportation and securitv, and assist in other preparations for 

Desert Rock activities. Soldiers of the 50th Chemical Service 

Platoon served as radiological safety monitors for Exercise 

Desert Rock participants during the nuclear tests (33). 

JTO support elements included AEC construction contractors 

and radiological safety personnel. The construction contractors 

assisted test group personnel in building structures used in the 

projects. The radiological safety unit conducted an initial 

radiological survev of the project instrumentation areas immediately after the detonation, briefed personnel on the radiological 

environment, issued access permits to them, established checkpoints through which personnel entered the areas to recover 

experiments, provided extra monitors to recovery parties, and 

monitored and, if necessary, decontaminated personnel and 

vehicles as they left the forward area. 

The Air Force Special Weapons Center also performed a number 

of support tasks. Based at Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB) in 

Albuquerque, New Mexico, AFSWC personnel performed cloud-sampling 

13 
and cloud-tracking missions, aerial surveys, and courier services 

for the Test Manager (21). 

At Shot SIMON, as at all shots in Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, 

the Joint Test Organization coordinated all activities. Comprising personnel from the AEC, the DOD, and the FCDA, the JTO was 

supervised by the Test Manager, assisted by the Test Director. 

The UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series volume contains a detailed description 

of their duties and the functions of the Joint Test Organization. 

1.2 RADIATION PROTECTION PROCEDURES DURING SHOT SIMON 

In carrying out their tasks, DOD participants followed the 

radiation protection procedures established to minimize exposure 

to ionizing radiation while still allowing participants to 

accomplish their missions. 

The AEC Division of Biology and Medicine established 

exposure limits for JTO participants, including test group and 

AFSWP personnel. Test group participants were to receive no more 

than 3.9 roentgens of radiation exposure during any 13-week 

period. To help implement this criterion, radiological safety 

personnel controlled access to radiation areas. In addition, 

radiological safety monitors accompanied project personnel 

recovering test instruments from highly radioactive areas. The 

monitors, who continuously monitored the radiation intensity in 

the recovery area, kept the participants informed of the 

radiological environment. The 9778th Radiological Safety Support 

Unit issued film badges for project personnel to wear at all 

times in the test area. These film badges were collected, 

developed, and evaluated at regular intervals, and any individual 

whose accumulated dose exceeded the established limits was barred 

from further participation in project activities in the forward 

area. Although evacuation was not required during UYSHOTKNOTHOLE, emergency evacuation procedures were prepared for all 

test events (1; 14; 20; 34). 

14 
The radiation protection procedures authorized for AFSWC by 

the Test Manager included the same cumulative exposure limit of 

3.9 roentgens of gamma radiation for air and ground crews as that 

established for the test group personnel. Complete decontamination, including showers and exchanges of clothing, was required 

of all aircrew members following each project mission, regardless 

of the exposure received on the flight. Aircraft were either 

decontaminated bv washing or were isolated until radiation 

intensities decayed to predetermined levels (14; 20-21). 

Radiation protection procedures for Exercise Desert Rock V 

participants, like those of the test groups and AFSWC, were 

designed to minimize potential exposure to ionizing radiation. 

Camp Desert Rock personnel and exercise participants, with the 

exception of the eight volunteer officer observers, were limited 

to no more than 6.0 roentgens of whole-body gamma radiation 

during any six-month period. The volunteer officer observers 

were limited to 10.0 roentgens per test, with no more than 25 

roentgens for the entire operation. The Office, Chief of Army 

Field Forces, established these limits, subject to AEC approval 

(32; 50). 

15 
CHAPTER 2 

EXERCISE DESERT ROCK V OPERATIONS AT SHOT SIMON 

Department of Defense personnel participated in five 

Exercise Desert Rock V programs at Shot SIMON. In all, more than 

3,000 soldiers took part in these Desert Rock activities. Table 

2-l lists the Desert Rock programs conducted at Shot SIMON and 

includes the estimated number of DOD personnel who took part in 

each program. 

Table 2-1: EXERCISE DESERT ROCK V ACTIVITIES AT SHOT SIMON 

Program 

Troop Orientation and lndoctnnatlon 

(Observers) 

Volunteer Off leer Observers 

Tactical Troop Maneuvers 

Operational Helicopter Tests 

Damage Effects Evaluation 

*Unknown 

Participating Service 

Army 

Navy 

Air Force 

Marine Corps 

Army 

Navy 

Army 

Marine Corps 

Army 

Estimated 

DOD 

Personnel 

198 

13 

340 

1 

7 

1 

2,450 

8 

+ 

Personnel from Armv Field Forces Human Research Unit No. 2 

from the Human Resources Research Office (HumRRO) investigated 

the psychological reactions of these troops to Shot SIMON. These 

research personnel were present at all shots with provisional 

Battalion Combat Team (BCT) participation. The HumRRO unit 

administered a questionnaire to the troops before and after the 

shot. HumRRO investigators also interviewed the volunteer 

officer observers (32; 63). 

16 
2.1 CA'IP DESERT ROCK PERSONNEL 

Camp Desert Rock personnel provided support services to the 

exercise troops at Shot SIMON. Personnel were assigned to Camp 

Desert Rock from the following units to perform the tasks listed 

(32-33): 

0 Company C, 505th Military Police Battalion, provided 

direction and control of military vehicles. 

0 The 505th Signal Service Group (Composite Company) 

operated the public address system in the trench and 

parking areas and the mobile system, composed of four 

vehicles outfitted with speakers. They also were 

responsible for the radio svstem used bv the radiological 

safetv monitors and Control Group. 

0 The 371st Evacuation Hospital (-)* established an aid 

station in Parking Area B (UTM coordinates 755031) before 

the shot. .4fter the shot, they relocated to the trench 

area. They also provided an aid team for the observers. 

6 The 26th Transportation Truck Battalion f-) was 

responsible for transporting personnel between Camp 

Desert Rock and the trench area. 

0 The 50th Chemical Service Platoon was responsible for 

radiological safety operations. 

0 The 412th Engineer Construction Battalion construced 

the display area, a wedge-shaped sector ranging 230 

to 3,200 meters from ground zero. 

0 The 3623rd Ordnance Company placed the equipment in 

the display. 

A medical technician and a veterinary officer were also present 

to lend support during the medical evaluation of test animals 

conducted as part of Exercise Desert Rock V. 

The Control Group accompanied troops into the shot area to 

assist the BCT commanders in keeping all personnel together and 

ensuring that they followed safety and tactical instructions. 

*Some subordinate units were not present. 

17 
The Control Group comprised officers and enlisted men from the 

Operations Section (G-3), as well as the Instructor Group, the 

Radiological Safety Section, and the Aviation Section. The 

Instructor Group presented orientation briefings when troops 

arrived at Camp Desert Rock, during the preshot rehearsal, at the 

trenches before the detonation, and in the display area after the 

detonation (32). 

2.2 ORIENTATION AND INDOCTRINATION 

As shown in table 2-1, 522 DOD personnel witnessed Shot 

SIMON. These observers were sent to Camp Desert Rock to become 

familiar with nuclear weapons and their effects. They observed 

the detonation and then inspected the damage to military 

equipment and vehicles (12; 32). 

Observers began arriving at Camp Desert Rock on 21 April 

1953. The Instructor Group presented the first orientation 

program on 22 April with only about half of the observers in 

attendance. On 23 April, observers and tactical troops took part 

in a full-scale rehearsal at the test site. Those present for 

the rehearsal were able to pass on instructions and assistance to 

later arrivals. The Instructor Group took the observers through 

the display area to provide a basis for assessing damage to 

display items. The instructors also explained that the anticipated radiation intensities from Shot SIMON might limit forward 

movement in the display area. After completing the tour, the 

observers were taken to the Shot BADGER display area to see the 

effects of that detonation. BADGER had been detonated five days 

earlier, on 18 April (32). 

On 24 April, observers received the final four hours of 

orientation. Those not present for the 22 April orientation 

were instructed in the means of nuclear weapons delivery and the 

tactical employment of nuclear weapons. At 1930 hours on 24 

18 
April, late arrivals received condensed briefings on the tactical 

concept of the exercise and on the general procedures to follow 

in the forward area (32). 

According to the operation order, all observers were to 

depart for the forward area at 0145 hours on 25 April. They were 

scheduled to arrive at the main trench area, 3,660 meters from 

ground zero, at 0300 hours. The location of their trenches is 

shown in figure 2-l. This figure also shows the route the 

observers traveled to and from the trench area. A member of the 

Instructor Group conducted a preshot orientation in the trench 

area, from 0330 hours to 0420 hours. The instructor presented 

information on safety procedures, features of the terrain, and 

air participation. All observers entered the trenches 15 minutes 

before the shot, or at about 0415. Two minutes before the shot, 

thev were instructed to crouch low, and a warning siren was 

sounded. Finallv, an AEC spokesman took over the public address 

system and counted out the final seconds before the detonation 

(32; 34). 

At shot-time, the scene was as follows: 

A bright light, of approximately 3 seconds duration, 

was noted at the time of detonation. The ground shock 

was heavv and the earth appeared to roll for a moment. 

Noise accompanying the blast was deafening, loudest of 

this series of shots. Dust conditions following the 

blast and debris falling into the trenches obscured the 

vision of personnel in the trenches (32). 

Fifteen minutes after the shot, the radiological safety 

monitoring teams began their survey of the display area and marked 

the location of the 2.5 and 5.0 roentgen-per-hour (R/h) lines. At 

0500 hours, 30 minutes after the detonation, the observers were 

scheduled to leave the main trench area for a walking tour of the 

display area. Members of the Instructor Group guided the observers through the area. The limit of forward movement was the 

display located 1,830 meters from ground zero, where the radiation 

intensitv was about 2.5 R/h (14; 32; 34). 

19 
Objective 

Area A 

I 4 (837925) 

0 1 

KIlometer \ 

N 

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 

02 

01 

00 

99 

98 

97 

96 

95 

94 

93 

32 

91 

Figure 2-1: LOCATIONS OF SIMON GROUND ZERO, TRENCHES, AND 

ROUTE OF MARCH 

20 
After touring the display area, observers walked back to the 

main trench area. Because of low-level radiation in the vehicle 

loading area, personnel and vehicles were monitored and decontaminated at the decontamination station at Yucca Pass and at 

Parking Area A (25). 

The scheduled departure time for return to camp was 0625 

hours. Observers spent about 90 minutes moving from the trench 

area to the 1,830-meter line and back, as well as boarding trucks. 

The observers departed for Camp Desert Rock at 0630 hours. 

Because of the stop for decontamination, they probably arrived at 

about 0900, about an hour behind schedule (34). 

2.3 VOLUNTEER OFFICER OBSERVERS 

SIMON was the third and final shot in Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE with volunteer officer observer participation. The 

principal difference between the volunteer observers and other 

observer groups was their position at the time of detonation. 

The location of the volunteer trenches in relation to the other 

trenches is shown in figure 2-l. Seven Army officers and one 

Navv officer, all knowledgeable in the effects of nuclear 

weapons, calculated a safe distance from which to view SIMON, 

based on its predicted yield. The volunteers chose to occupy two 

trenches 1,830 meters from ground zero. Both trenches were 1.8 

meters (six feet) deep and about one meter (three feet) wide. 

One trench was revetted with timber, the other was unrevetted, 

and both had a sandbag parapet (32; 40). 

The personal equipment issued to the volunteers consisted of 

standard Army field helmets and liners, protective masks, flashlights, canteens, and pocket dosimeters. Each volunteer also 

received three Desert Rock film badges, which were placed in the 

breast pocket, in a hip pocket, and inside the helmet (40). 

21 
The volunteers apparently left Camp Desert Rock with the 

other observers at 0145 hours on 25 April and arrived at the main 

trench area at 0300 hours. The volunteers presumably traveled by 

vehicle to their trenches 1,830 meters forward of the main trench 

area. There was a direct telephone line between the volunteer 

trenches and the control trench in the main trench area, and the 

Exercise Director's staff remained in constant contact with the 

volunteers before, during, and after the blast (32; 40). 

At the time of detonation, the volunteers noted an intense 

light and a feeling of heat, even though they were crouching in 

the trenches. Sand and dirt were blown into the trenches by the 

air blast. Several volunteers also reported a ground shock 

similar to a mild earthquake. One observer who was holding a 

telephone received an electric shock that caused a tingling 

sensation around his neck. The operator holding the telephone in 

the control trench reported receiving a "shock equivalent to that 

received when holding a bare 110 volt electric wire." All 

volunteers generally reported reduced visibility during the first 

five minutes after the blast due to dust conditions (32; 40). 

After the volunteers left their trenches, about one minute 

after the shot, they examined sheep and military equipment in the 

display area. They were met by a truck on the access road and 

returned to the main trench area (40). 

Based on their experience at SIMON, the eight volunteers 

concluded that other personnel would gain very little by being 

entrenched closer to ground zero than the distance from which the 

other observers had witnessed the shot (3,660 meters). In fact, 

the more distant location offered a better view because there was 

less dust (32; 40). 

22 
2.4 TACTICAL TROOP MANEUVERS 

At Shot SIMON, 2,450 Army personnel participated in a 

tactical exercise designed to provide realistic combat training 

under the conditions of a nuclear battlefield. For this shot, 

units from the Second, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Armies went to 

the Nevada Proving Ground to participate in the exercise. Table 

2-2 lists the home stations of participants in this maneuver. 

These Army units arrived at Camp Desert Rock by 0700 hours on 22 

April 1953. At that time, the troops were assembled into two 

provisional Battalion Combat Teams designated ABLE and BAKER. 

ABLE was composed of about 800 troops from the Second Army and 

about 400 troops from the Sixth Army. BAKER was composed of 

about 600 troops from the Fourth Army and about 600 troops from 

the Fifth Army (32; 34). 

In preparation for Shot SIMON, the Instructor Group presented an orientation to BCT ABLE on the morning of 22 April and 

to BCT BAKER that afternoon. 

On 23 April, two days before Shot SIMON, both combat teams 

participated in a full-scale rehearsal, using the trenches 3,660 

meters from ground zero that would be used on shot-day (UTM 

coordinates SO2973). All troops involved in the rehearsal left 

Camp Desert Rock at about 0700 hours and arrived at the trench 

area by 0945 hours, 45 minutes before the rehearsal shot-time. 

About 25 minutes later, a member of the Instructor Group 

conducted a terrain orientation for the participants and then 

instructed them in the procedures to 

before the shot (32; 34). 

follow in the trenches 

The s imulated assault began at 1035 hours, five minutes 

after the rehearsal shot-time. By 1110 hours, the combat teams 

had advanced 2,250 meters toward the intended ground zero to 

conclude the tactical phase of their rehearsal. The actual plan 

of attack called for troops to capture an objective about 

23 
Table 2-2: HOME STATIONS OF PERSONNEL 

PARTICIPATING IN THE TACTICAL 

MANEUVER AT SHOT SIMON 

Battalion Combat Team ABLE Battalion Combat Team BAKER 

Second Army Area 

Fort Meade, Maryland 

Camp Pickett, Virginia 

Fourth Army Area 

Fort Hood, Texas 

Fort Sam Houston, Texas 

Camp Chaffee, Arkansas 

Camp Polk, Louisiana 

Fort Bliss, Texas 

Fort Sill, Oklahoma 

Sixth Army Area 

Fort Ord, California 

Fort MacArthur, California 

Presidio of San Francisco, 

California 

Fifth Army Area 

Fort Riley, Kansas 

Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 

Camp Atterbury, Indiana 

Camp Carson, Colorado 

24 
3,800 meters north-northwest of their trenches, and about 750 

meters west of ground zero (32; 34). 

At the completion of the tactical phase of the rehearsal, 

the troops marched back through the display area. There, the 

instructors escorted each BCT through the displays to note the 

preshot condition of equipment. The instructor also told the 

group that if radiation intensities from fallout were as 

predicted, areas closer than the displays 1,370 to 1,830 meters 

from the tower might be inaccessible (32). 

On shot-dav, 25 April 1953, seven march units boarded 

vehicles that would take them from Camp Desert Rock to the 

trenches. The Control Group was the first, followed by the two 

BCTs in the next four march units, and the observers in the last 

two. The first march unit left Camp Desert Rock at 0030 hours 

and arrived at the trenches at 0155 hours. The last march unit 

was to depart Camp Desert Rock at 0224 hours and arrive at the 

trenches at 0315 hours. All personnel were in the trench area at 

0322 hours. The 179 vehicles that had transported personnel to 

the trenches were moved to Parking Area A (UTM coordinates 

837925), about ten kilometers from ground zero (32). 

About 15 minutes before the detonation, the BCT participants 

prepared for the shot in the same manner as the observers did. 

With the shot came a blinding light that lasted only a few 

seconds. Dust resulting from the shock wave passage temporarily 

obscured the vision of the men in the trenches (32). 

Five radiological monitoring teams assisted the maneuver 

troops. Five minutes after the detonation, a Chemical, 

Biological, and Radiological monitoring team left the trench area 

before the BCTs and positioned itself about 140 meters east of the 

foremost BCT element so as to be closer to ground zero than the 

troops during the maneuver. In addition, one monitoring team from 

the 50th Chemical Service Platoon accompanied each battalion (32). 

25 
At about the same time, two additional monitoring teams that 

were to survey the shot area left their position in the parking 

area, ten kilometers from ground zero. These two teams, also 

from the 50th Chemical Service Platoon, arrived at the display 

area about 15 minutes after the detonation (32). 

Both BCTs began their attack at 0444 hours, 14 minutes after 

the detonation. Their objective was north-northwest of the 

trenches, at UTM coordinates 792010, as shown in figure 2-1. BCT 

ABLE, advancing on the east, moved to within about 1,830 meters 

of ground zero at 0600 hours. Radiological safety monitors 

halted the attack because the radiation intensity was 2.5 R/h in 

that area. BCT BAKER, advancing on the west, "encountered no 

areas having a high radiation intensity and advanced until the 

attack was halted," presumably upon reaching the objective 

(12; 32). 

When the advance,of both BCTs was halted, the Instructor 

Group escorted the troops through the display area. Because 

SIMON produced more widespread fallout than most of the previous 

shots, display areas forward of the 1,830-meter line were 

inaccessible due to intensities greater than the limit of 2.5 R/h 

(32). BCT BAKER would have skirted areas of higher radiation 

while moving from the objective back to the 1,830-meter line in 

the display. Both BCTs moved away from ground zero during their 

inspection of the displav. 

According to standard procedures, all personnel would have 

been swept with brooms and checked for contamination after returning to the trench area. However, because of the radiation levels 

in that area, field decontamination and monitoring were conducted 

at the decontamination station at Yucca Pass (32). 

26 
The troops were to have begun the return to camp at 0710 

hours. Because of the stop for decontamination, the BCTs did not 

arrive at Camp Desert Rock until 1000 hours, about an hour later 

than planned. Troops had spent approximately five hours in the 

shot area, excluding travel time between the area and Camp Desert 

Rock (32). 

2.5 OPERATIONAL HELICOPTER TESTS 

At SIMON, Marine Corps personnel from the Helicopter Atomic 

Test Unit, 2d Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Brigade 

(2d MCPAEB), conducted operational tests with three Marine Corps 

HRS helicopters. Helicopters B and C had a pilot, co-pilot, and 

radiological monitor; the co-pilot in helicopter A also functioned as a monitor. The tests were designed to investigate 

factors that might affect the use of assault helicopters after a 

battlefield nuclear detonation. Before the detonation, helicopters A and B were hovering about 11 kilometers from ground 

zero, over the northwest corner of Yucca Lake, while helicopter C 

was over the south end of Yucca Lake, about 17 kilometers from 

ground zero (29). 

Helicopter A was positioned with its left side exposed, and 

helicopter B was facing the blast. From one minute before the 

detonation until the passage of the blast wave, both helicopters 

hovered about ten feet above the ground. The pilots used the 

visors of their caps to shield their eyes from the flash. The 

co-pilots wore standard high-density goggles at shot-time, so 

that they would be prepared to assume control of the helicopter 

should the pilot be blinded by the flash. Neither pilot 

experienced flash blindness. As the blast wave passed, neither 

pilot lost control of the helicopter. The only damage was a 

window blown out of its molding into the passenger compartment of 

helicopter A (29; 32; 34). 

27 
After the blast wave passed, both helicopters proceeded to 

the shot area, as shown in figure 2-2. Helicopter A, in probing 

the SIMON shot area, encountered radiation intensities up to 50 

R/h about one kilometer from the dust column before evasive 

action was completed. Helicopter B proceeded to a location 1,830 

meters west of ground zero and landed. At this location, the 

radiological safety monitor left the aircraft and continued on 

foot to about 870 meters from ground zero where he measured radiation intensities up to 10.0 R/h, about 30 minutes after the 

shot. The monitor was not supposed to enter areas in which the 

radiation intensity exceeded 10.0 R/h (29; 34). 

Helicopter C, unlike helicopters A and B, was flying toward 

ground zero from the south end of Yucca Lake at the time of the 

detonation. It continued flying while the blast wave passed, 

maintaining its 400-foot height and go-knot airspeed. The pilot 

and co-pilot protected themselves from flash blindness in the 

same way as the crews of helicopters A and B. The pilot did not 

suffer flash blindness, and the passage of the blast wave did not 

affect his control of the helicopter. Helicopter C flew around 

the upwind side of the SIMON dust column to land about 2,000 

meters northwest of ground zero, as shown in figure 2-2 (29; 34). 

A fourth helicopter was scheduled to participate in Shot 

SIMON, performing tasks in tandem with helicopter C. However, 

no activities were reported for helicopter D (19; 21; 29). 

After completing the test, the helicopters returned to Yucca 

Lake Airstrip where radiological monitors checked aircraft and 

crew for contamination. Upon receiving clearance from the 

monitors, the aircraft were to return to Camp Desert Rock (29). 

2.6 DAMAGE EFFECTS EVALUATION 

Before the SIMON detonation, Desert Rock personnel 

established a display area 230 to 3,200 meters south-southeast of 

28 
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 93 &I 95 96 87 88 a9 90 

N 

P 

Landing Zone of C 

Hellcopter A 

Hellcopter B - - - - - 

H&copter C -.-.-.- 

\ 

OF----! 

KIlometer 

\ 

\ ‘1 

\ ‘1. \ II \ . II 

Decontamination \ ’ d Yucca 

Lake 

AIrstrIp 

B 

17 

)6 

15 

M 

)3 

R 

11 

lo 

)9 

38 

97 

36 

35 

94 

93 

92 

91 

90 

89 

88 

07 

Figure 2-2: OPERATIONAL HELICOPTER TESTS 

AT SHOT SIMON 

29 
the shot-tower (figure 2-l). The display was designed primarily 

to add realism to the orientation and indoctrination of troops, 

who reviewed the display before and after the shot. Before the 

shot, the 412th Engineer Construction Battalion constructed such 

fortifications as bunkers, trenches, and foxholes at 460-meter 

intervals extending from ground zero. The 3623rd Ordnance 

Company placed equipment in the display, beginning with howitzers 

at about 230 meters, a truck at 370 meters, and a tank, truck, 

and artillery pieces at 460 meters. Thereafter, they placed 

equipment at 460-meter intervals, out to 3,200 meters. The 

equipment included more vehicles and artillery pieces, as well as 

communications gear (32). 

After the detonation, one engineer team, including the 

commanding officer of the 412th Engineer Construction Battalion, 

was to evaluate the effects of the burst on the fortifications. 

In addition, one ordnance team and one signal team were to 

evaluate the effects of the burst on ordnance and signal 

equipment (32). 

In conjunction with the damage effects evaluation, Desert 

Rock personnel also conducted medical and shielding evaluations. 

For the medical evaluation, 37 sheep were placed in the display 

area on the day before the shot. Some sheep were placed in each 

type of fortification, and others were tied to stakes in the 

open. None of the sheep were placed closer to ground zero than 

460 meters. In addition, sheep were placed in two trenches 

located 1,370 and 1,600 meters from ground zero. After the SIMON 

detonation, a medical technician, accompanied by a radiological 

safety monitor, went to the display area by truck to observe the 

sheep. Later in the morning, a veterinary officer accompanied 

the loading party to aid in making a tentative evaluation of the 

detonation's effects on the sheep. When the sheep were returned 

to Camp Desert Rock, the veterinary officer completed the final 

evaluation (32). 

30 
Of unusual interest in the medical evaluation was the 

survival of one sheep placed in a bunker at 1,370 meters. The 

detonation caused the bunker to collapse, and it was assumed that 

the sheep was dead. On 13 May, however, when a work party 

removed the top portion of the bunker, the trapped sheep leaped 

from the emplacement. Even though the animal had been without 

food and water for 19 days, it appeared to be in good condition 

and was able to walk. The animal recovered completely and was 

used in a display at a subsequent shot (32). 

To evaluate the shielding offered by the fortifications, a 

chemical team took radiation measurements by placing film badges 

on stakes in the open and in the trenches, foxholes, and other 

dugouts. After the shot, the chemical team retrieved the badges 

to record their readings (32). 

31 
CHAPTER 3 

JOINT TEST ORGANIZATION OPERATIONS AT 

SHOT SIMON 

At Shot SIMON, Department of Defense personnel performed a 

variety of activities for the Joint Test Organization. DOD 

personnel conducted experiments for the three test groups: the 

Military Effects Group, the Weapons Development Group, and the 

Civil Effects Group. These activities required DOD personnel to 

enter the forward area before, during, and after the shot. In 

addition, the Air Force Special Weapons Center provided air 

support to the Test Manager and the test groups. 

Detailed descriptions of project objectives and general 

project activities are contained in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series 

volume. The information in this chapter addresses only those 

operations performed at Shot SIMON. 

3.1 MILITARY EFFECTS GROUP PROJECTS 

The Military Effects Group of AFSWP Field Command conducted 

27 proejects at Shot SIMON. Table 3-l lists the projects and the 

participating groups. 

The Test Manager declared the area open for recovery 

operations at 1230 hours, eight hours after the detonation. 

In the following descriptions of project activities, information on the number of participants, as well as the time of the 

activities, has been obtained from the Test Director's Schedule 

of Events for SIMON (4). That source contains only planned 

numbers of personnel and planned times of activities. The 

Schedule of Events was used because, in most cases, final reports 

did not provide the necessary personnel information. 

32 
Table 3-1: TEST GROUP PROJECTS WITH DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

PARTICIPATION, SHOT SIMON 

F Title Participants 

Military Effects Group 

1 lc-1 Air Shock Pressure-ttme versus Distance for a 

Tower Shot 

1 102 

2 2a 

2 2b 

3 30 

45 

Atr Shock Pressures as Affected by Hills and Dales 

Gamma Radtatron Spectrum of Residual Contamination 

Restdual lonlzlng Radtatlon Depth Dose 

Measurements In Untt-density Matenal 

As Blast Gauge Studtes 

Ocular Effects of Thermal Radtatton from Atomic 

Detonatton 

47 Beta-gamma Skin Hazard in the Postshot 

Contaminated Area 

51 Atomtc Weapon Effects on AD Type 

Aircraft In Flight 

62 

63 

64 

lndtrect Bomb Damage Assessment (IBDA) 

Phenomena and Techniques 

lntenm IBDA Capabilities of Strategic Air Command 

Evaluation of Chemical Doslmeters 

67 Measurements and Analysts of Electromagnetic 

Radtatlon from Nuclear Detonattons 

68 Evaluation of Military Radiac Equipment 

68a 

69 

610 

lnmal Gamma Exposure versus Dtstance 

Evaluatton of Naval Airborne Radtac Equipment 

Evaluatton of Rapid Aerial Radtologtcal 

Survey Techniques 

612 Determination of Height of Burst and Ground Zero 

613 Effectiveness of Fast Scan Radar for Fireball 

Studies and Weapons Tracking 

71 

73 

74 

75 

Electromagnettc Effects from Nuclear Explosions 

Detection of Airborne Low Frequency Sound from 

Nuclear Explosions 

Seismic Measurements Headquarters, As Force 

Calibration and Analysis of Close-In A-Bomb Debns 

Sandra Corporation, Ballistic Research 

Laboratories, Naval Ordnance Laboratory 

Sandra Corporatton 

Signal Corps Engineering Laboratones 

Naval Medical Research Institute 

BalkstIc Research Laboratories 

Air Force School of Aviation Medicine 

Walter Reed Army Medical Center 

Navy Bureau of Aeronautics 

Wright Air Development Center; Vitro 

Corporation 

Strategic Air Command 

Chemical and Radtological Laboratories 

Signal Corps Engmeenng Laboratories 

Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories, 

Bureau of Ships 

Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories 

Navy Bureau of Aeronautics 

Signal Corps Engtneenng Laboratories 

Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories; 

Army Field Forces Board #l 

Naval Electronics Laboratory 

Headquarters, Air Force * 

Headquarters, Air Force * 

Headquarters, As Force; As 

Force Special Weapons Center 

c Other participating agencies are listed in the text 

33 
Table 3-1: TEST GROUP PROJECTS WITH DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

PARTICIPATION, SHOT SIMON (Continued) 

Project Title 

I 

Participants 

Military Effects Group (Continued) 

81a Effects of Thermal and Blast Forces from Wright Air Development Center; Dlviston 

Nuclear Detonations on Basic Aircraft Structures of Research, Universnv of Dayton 

and Components 

8.lb Addtttonal Data on the Vulnerabtkty of Wright Air Development Center 

Parked Aircraft to Atomic Bombs 

8.2 

8.12a 

9.1 

Measurement of Thermal Radiation with a 

Vacuum Microphone 

Sound Velocities near the Ground in the Vicinity 

of an Atomic Explosion 

Technical Photography 

Air Force Cambridge Research Center 

Naval Electronics Laboratory 

EG8G; Signal Corps Pictorial Center, 

Air Force Lookout Mountain Laboratory 

13.1 

18.1 

18.2 

18.3 

186 

27.1 

29 1 

Weapons Development Group 

Radlochemlstry Sampling Air Force Special Weapons Center 

Total Thermal and Air Attenuation Naval Research Laboratory 

Power versus Time Naval Research Laboratory 

Spectroscopy Naval Research Laboratory 

Surface-brightness Investigations Naval Research Laboratory 

Civil Effects Group 

Distribution and Characteristics of Fallout at Distances School of Medicine, UCLA; Navy 

Greater than Ten Miles, March and April 1953 

Comparison and Evaluation of Dosimetry Methods Atomic Energy Protect, UCLA * 

Applicable to Gamma Radiatron 

* Other participating agencies are listed in the text 

34 
Project l.lc-1, Air Shock Pressure-time versus Distance for 

a Tower Shot, was designed to check the expected asymmetry of 

blast effects. Personnel placed gauges about 500 and 700 meters 

from ground zero along each of three lines running north, northeast, and east of ground zero (57). 

Project l.lc-2, Air Shock Pressures as Affected by Hills and 

Dales, was designed to study the behavior of a shock wave as it 

passed over a ridge. A ridge between Yucca Flat and Tippipah 

Spring, about five kilometers west of ground zero, was chosen as 

the site for project stations. Fifteen measurement stations were 

selected on the front and back slopes of the ridge and at 

outlying positions in front of and behind the ridge. At each 

station, personnel installed ten pressure gauges flush with the 

ground surface (48). 

Forty-five minutes after personnel were permitted to 

re-enter the test area, four personnel accompanied by a monitor 

were scheduled to go to a station about six kilometers from 

ground zero to recover data. The recovery took one hour (4). 

Project 2.2a, Gamma Radiation Spectrum of Residual Contamination, was to characterize the residual gamma radiation resulting from the shot. After the shot, three project personnel and a 

monitor made measurements with radiac meters at locations 4,830 

and 4,760 meters from ground zero, where the radiation intensities were 0.195 and 0.11 R/h, respectively. Personnel took 

measurements the next day at a location 4,030 meters from ground 

zero, where the radiation intensity was 0.348 R/h. Personnel 

also made gamma ray spectral measurements four, five, and ten 

days after the shot between 3,200 and 4,000 meters east of ground 

zero. Radiation intensities at all of these locations were about 

0.3 R/h (4-5). 

35 
Project 2.2b, Residual Ionizing Depth Dose Measurements in 

Unit-density Material, was conducted to evaluate the biological 

effects of residual beta and gamma radiation fields. After the 

shot, six participants and a monitor placed radiation detectors 

inside lucite and masonite phantoms, which simulated the densitv 

of human tissue. On shot-day, personnel placed the phantoms in 

15 R/h and 3.5 R/h locations five to six kilometers from ground 

zero near Mercury Highway. They returned to retrieve them 

several hours later. Personnel conducted similar operations two 

days after the shot at the same location (4; 10). 

Project 3.30, Air Blast Gauge Studies, was designed to test 

a new self-contained recording gauge for the measurement of 

pressure-time phenomena resulting from an atomic blast. For 

SIMON, the primary objectives were to compare Ballistic Research 

Laboratories and Sandia Corporation gauges, to check the 

asymmetry of the blast wave, and to test further the nylon and 

carbon paper thermal initiation device. Project personnel 

instrumented six stations located about 500 and 700 meters north, 

northeast, and east of ground zero. They installed the gauges in 

the ground so that the top of the gauge was flush with the 

ground surface (4; 45). 

Project 4.5, Ocular Effects of Thermal Radiation from Atomic 

Detonation, was conducted to determine to what degree the flash 

of a nuclear detonation temporarily impairs vision and how it 

affects night vision. In the first part of the project, 11 Air 

Force personnel from Nellis AFB were in a darkened trailer 13 

kilometers from ground zero. They viewed the flash through a 

shutter that protected their eyes from much of the visible and 

infrared portion of the spectrum. After viewing the shot through 

the shutter, they performed a number of visual tasks. In the 

second part of the experiment, 130 rabbits were used to determine 

the ranges at which retinal burns could be produced. Three 

three-man parties placed the rabbits in ten locations from five 

36 
to 40 kilometers from ground zero the night before the detonation. At recovery hour, three teams, each of three project 

personnel and a monitor, retrieved the rabbits (2; 4; 8). 

Project 4.7, Beta-gamma Skin Hazard in the Postshot Contaminated Area, measured beta (and low-energy gamma) radiation 

exposure potential to human skin and determined the extent to 

which this exposure exceeded the gamma radiation exposure 

routinely reported in radiological safety monitoring. Measurements were taken using ion chambers with walls about the thickness of human skin. The ion chambers were placed on different 

parts of masonite phantoms, which simulated the attenuation 

scattering of beta and gamma radiation by the human bodv (7). 

Refore the shot, personnel loaded equipment into two 

vehicles and assembled at the Radiological Safety Operations 

Office. Three hours after the detonation, the initial survey 

results were available, and the general outline of the fallout 

pattern was discernible. A study of the road network and the 

isointensity lines dictated the choice of likely spots for investigation. One hour after recovery hour, the party proceeded to 

the radiation area and set up desks and "offices" at the 

0.01 R/h line. Personnel then looked for locations in the 

radiation area where a gamma survey meter would read about 0.8 

R/h. At SIMON, these spots were approximately 130 meters upwind 

and 1,830 and 1,920 meters crosswind of ground zero. After the 

locations were chosen, ion chambers were readied at the desks 

near each location and transported to the 0.8 R/h area for the 

exposure. Readings could be obtained fairly quickly (five to 30 

minutes per exposure) in the 0.8 R/h area. By withdrawing to the 

0.01 K/h line after placing the ion chambers, project personnel 

kept their gamma exposures below the authorized maximum, 3.9 

roentgens in 13 weeks (7). 

37 
Project 5.1, Atomic Weapons Effects on AD Type Aircraft in 

Flight, was designed to study the structural response of aircraft 

in level flight attitude, tail toward the blast (55). Figure 3-l 

shows a practice run for this project. 

One unmanned and five manned aircraft participated, flying 

in formation over the test site. The AD-2 drone was used to 

simulate the escape position of a delivery aircraft. During 

takeoff, the drone was under the control of a pilot at a ground 

station located beside the runway at Indian Springs AFB. Once 

the drone was airborne, control was turned over to a Navy F8F 

control aircraft. Using information from the Aircraft Participation Unit, the control pilot flew the drone to its predetermined position relative to the burst at shot-time. The other 

aircraft, a backup F8F control aircraft and three AD-4 aircraft 

that simulated fighter support, flew for one hour and 15 minutes 

over the test location (21; 55). 

At shot-time, the drone was at a slant range of 1,900 meters 

from the burst. Because Shot SIMON exceeded the predicted yield 

by about 20 percent and the drone was positioned for nearcritical weapons effects, the higher thermal radiation severely 

weakened all of the blue-painted skin on the underside of the 

wing. As a result of the weakened skin, combined with the overpressure and gust effects, wing panels were torn off at the time 

of shock arrival, and the drone crashed. Much valuable information on thermal damage was obtained from the panels retrieved 

from the drone (2; 55). 

According to the Schedule of Events for Shot SIMON, three 

hours before the detonation, 23 Pro.ject 5.1 personnel were to 

travel to station 5.lb, about one kilometer east of Yucca Pass at 

UTM coordinates 861877. They were to remain there through 

shot-time (4). 

38 

Project 6.2, Indirect Bomb Damage Assessment (IBDA) 

Phenomena and Techniques, was performed to confirm indications 

that a radar return could be obtained from a nuclear explosion 

and that it could be used in determining ground zero and 

predicting height of burst and yield (35). Three B-29 aircraft 

equipped with IBDA systems took off from Kirtland AFB at 0005 

hours on shot-day, entering the test area at about 0240 hours. 

One of the aircraft developed engine problems, forcing it to land 

at Nellis AFB. The other two aircraft maintained holding 

patterns throughout the detonation, one eight kilometers south of 

ground zero, and the other 11 kilometers east of ground zero. 

Both aircraft left the area around 0455 hours and landed at 

Kirtland AFB around 0700 hours (2; 21; 41; 49). 

Project 6.2 also investigated whether the fireball significantly changes the direction of a radar beam. For this part of 

the project, radar transmitter and receiver stations were placed 

around ground zero. According to the Schedule of Events, 

"approved manned stations" were at UTM coordinates 830880, 

870894, and 880895 (4; 49). 

At 2200 hours on the day before the detonation, two two-man 

teams traveled to the receiver stations to turn on the generators 

that powered the equipment. They remained at the stations 

through shot-time. A third team traveled to the transmitter 

station to turn on the power generator and left the station for 

the Control Point about four hours before shot-time. Two hours 

after recovery hour, two project personnel, including a monitor, 

returned to the transmitter station to turn off the generator (4). 

Project 6.3, Interim Indirect Bomb Damage Assessment (IBDA) 

Capabilities of Strategic Air Command, was a corollary to Project 

6.2. An interim IBDA system, installed in operational Strategic 

Air Command (SAC) aircraft, was evaluated in connection with 

simulated strike missions (43). 

40 
Current IBDA capabilities were determined in tests under 

field conditions using SAC aircraft equipped with the latest 

available IBDA systems. While flving simulated strike and support formations over a target, these aircraft recorded data 

essential for determination of the three IBDA parameters: yield, 

burst height, and ground zero (43). 

Eight B-50 aircraft of the 2nd Medium Bomber Wing from 

Hunter AFB, Georgia, and seven B-47 aircraft of the 305th Medium 

Bomber Wing from McDill AFB, Florida, reached the test area 

around 0330 hours at altitudes of 25,000 and 37,000 feet, 

respectively. The aircraft flew in formation over the test site 

to simulate strike and support activities and left the area soon 

after shot-time. While over the test site, the crews tested the 

IBDA equipment and familiarized themselves with operations 

pertaining to nuclear warfare. A total of 106 personnel participated, including personnel who operated the weather reconnaissance aircraft that preceded the IBDA aircraft (20-21; 43). 

Project 6.4, Evaluation of Chemical Dosimeters, was fielded 

by the Army Chemical Center and its Chemical and Radiological 

Laboratories. The ob.jective was to test the E-l tactical 

dosimeter and other instruments under development for use as 

personnel dosimeters. The dosimeters would be used to measure 

gamma radiation exposure (11). 

Project personnel fastened dosimeters to exposure plates 

with masking tape and then covered them with thermal and shock 

shields. The plates were affixed to frames at eight stations. 

Because of the radiation levels, recovery operations did not take 

place until 30 hours after the detonation (11). 

Project 6.7, Measurements and Analysis of Electromagnetic 

Radiation from Nuclear Detonations, was conducted bv the Signal 

Corps Engineering Laboratories. The project consisted of two 

41 
parts. Part I measured the physical characteristics of the pulse 

of the electromagnetic radiation. Part II detected and recorded 

electromagnetic signals emitted by nuclear devices before the 

detonation. Part II was performed at the request of AFSWP and 

the Office of Naval Research (15). 

Before the shot, three project personnel and a monitor in 

two vehicles traveled 2,750 meters south of ground zero to turn 

on equipment. They then drove to a station 1.6 kilometers north 

of the Control Point, at UTM coordinates 830900, where they 

remained through shot-time. Several days later, three men and a 

monitor spent about one hour in the test area recovering film 

(3-4; 15). 

Project 6.8, Evaluation of Military Radiac Equipment, and 

Project 6.8a, Initial Gamma Exposure versus Distance, were 

fielded together by the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories, 

assisted by Air Force students and Navy personnel. This project 

was designed to test radiac instruments in initial and residual 

radiation fields produced by a nuclear detonation (42; 46). 

Experimental dosimeters were placed at 16 stations located 

about 1,070 to 2,710 meters from ground zero. These portable 

stations were designed with aluminum thermal and blast shields. 

Three parties of six men and one monitor each traveled in 

vehicles to recover the film and dosimeters 45 minutes after 

recovery hour. This mission took about three hours. After 

recovery, the experimental dosimeters were compared to the 

standard dosimeters exposed in National Bureau of Standards 

holders at the same locations (4; 42; 46). 

One minute after the detonation, two men accompanied by one 

monitor left the Control Point and traveled to the 5.0 R/h area 

to collect air samples with portable samplers. Two hours after 

recovery hour, four parties, each of six men and a monitor, 

42 
conducted simulated initial radiological safety surveys with 

experimental radiac instruments. This activity took about three 

hours (4; 42). 

Pro,ject 6.9, Evaluation of Naval Airborne Radiac Equipment, 

evaluated aerial ground survey equipment, automatic recording 

dosimeters, and gamma dosimeters. The accuracy of the equipment 

at high altitudes was compared to its accuracy at ground level. 

The equipment was designed for use by special carrier-based 

aircraft to warn assault troops that they might be entering 

contaminated areas (61). 

A P2V aircraft, with a crew of three, left Kirtland AFB at 

0130, three hours before the shot. When it was 20 kilometers 

southwest of ground zero, the aircraft established a holding 

pattern at an altitude of 12,000 feet. Radiac equipment in the 

.aircraft was turned on before shot-time to allow for a one-hour 

warm-up period before ,the aircraft entered the shot area. 

After the detonation, the aircraft approached the shot area 

and established a holding pattern while waiting for the cloud to 

dissipate. When the aircraft was cleared to enter the shot area 

by the Aircraft Participation Unit, it began runs over the 

radiation area in a cloverleaf pattern. The patterns were flown 

at an initial height of some 6,000 feet above the terrain, with 

subsequent patterns flown at heights decreasing by 500 feet each 

run. The lowest run was approximately 1,000 feet above the 

ground. The aircraft was over the area for three hours and 

landed at Indian Springs AFB at 0846 hours. The P2V took off 

from Indian Springs AFB at 0734 hours the day after the 

detonation to repeat the evaluation of the radiac equipment 

(21-22; 61). 

Project 6.10, Evaluation of Rapid Aerial Radiological Survey 

Techniques, was fielded by the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories. It was intended to improve the aerial radiological 

4 3 
survev procedures used during Operations BUSTER-JANGLE and 

TUMBLER-SNAPPER and to determine the effect of the aircraft on 

radiac instrument readings taken inside the aircraft. Film 

badges were placed at various locations opposite one another on 

the interior and exterior of the aircraft (53). 

One HRS-2 helicopter, probably with a crew of four, staged 

from Yucca Airstrip. The helicopter took off at 1305 hours on 

shot-dav and reached the test area at 1310 hours. It entered the 

radiation area, flying about 500 feet above the ground, and 

circled ground zero at a radius of about one kilometer. The crew 

then selected a landmark at or near ground zero as a reference 

point and determined the direction of maximum fallout. From this 

information, the crew determined approximate radiation levels and 

decided on the altitude of operation (21; 53). 

The helicopter then flew a cloverleaf pattern centered over 

the reference point at three different altitudes. The first leg 

of the cloverleaf pattern passed over the reference point in the 

direction of maximum fallout. Airspeed, di-rection, and altitude 

were kept constant on each leg of the pattern. Monitors in the 

helicopter obtained data by using a mechanical recording system 

and by writing intensity readings on a data sheet every five 

seconds. The aircraft was in the area about two hours and landed 

hv 1500 hours (21; 53). 

Project 6.12, Determination of Height of Burst and Ground 

Zero, was fielded by the Army Field Forces Board Number 1 and the 

Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories. The objective was to 

evaluate equipment and techniques for locating ground zero and 

determining the height of burst (62). 

Sound-ranging stations were located up to 60 kilometers from 

ground zero, to the south, southeast, and southwest of Camp 

Desert Rock. The svstem consisted of three separate microphone 

44 
arrays several kilometers apart along a line perpendicular to the 

line from the center of the array to the burst point. Seismic 

monitors and flash-ranging cameras were placed about 13 to 16 

kilometers from ground zero (62). 

Three hours before the shot, nine men traveled to station 

6.12h, in the southeast corner of Yucca Lake at UTM coordinates 

885875, where thev remained through shot-time. The station was 

within 1.6 kilometers of the seismic monitors and flash-ranging 

cameras (4; 62). 

Pro,ject 6.13, Effectiveness of Fast Scan Radar for Fireball 

Studies and Weapons Tracking, evaluated the effectiveness of a 

new developmental fast-scan X-band radar for studies of the 

phenomena produced bv nuclear detonations. The radar was mounted 

on a van. Three hours before the shot, six project personnel 

traveled to station 6.13a, UTM coordinates 840892, and remained 

there through shot-time (4; 44). 

Project 7.1, Electromagnetic Effects from Nuclear Explosions, was a continuation of studies conducted during Operations 

BUSTER-JANGLE and TUMBLER-SNAPPER. The project was designed to 

obtain additional information on the electromagnetic radiation 

produced by a nuclear detonation. The project was conducted by 

Headquarters, Air Force, with assistance from the National Bureau 

of Standards, the Air Force Security Service, the Air Force 

Cambridge Research Center, and the Air Weather Service. In 

conducting the studv, pro.ject personnel manned monitoring 

stations at one location onsite and at 11 locations offsite. 

Thirteen project personnel traveled to the onsite station, 18 

kilometers southeast of ground zero at UTM coordinates 895857, 

four hours before the shot to operate the station through 

shot-time (4; 51). 

45 
Project 7.3, Detection of Airborne Low Frequency Sound from 

Nuclear Explosions, was designed to compare low frequency sounds 

produced by nuclear detonations at various remote field stations. 

These stations were located across the United States and around 

the world. The Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories operated 

stations in Alaska, Hawaii, Greenland, Japan, and Germany. The 

Navy Electronics Laboratory, the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories, and the National Bureau of Standards manned the nine 

stations in the continental United States (52). 

Project 7.4, Seismic Measurements, recorded the seismic 

waves produced by the shot for comparison with those produced by 

other shots of Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE and previous operations. 

Project personnel operated stations in Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, 

Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nevada. At 1430 hours, two 

hours after recovery hour, two project members and a monitor 

traveled to a seismic station in Yucca Flat, almost ten kilometers northeast of ground zero, to turn off equipment and 

recover records. This activity took about one hour (4; 16). 

Project 7.5, Calibration and Analvsis of Close-in A-Bomb 

Debris, analyzed samples of the Shot SIMON cloud to evaluate 

various parameters of the nuclear device. An aircraft with only 

a pilot onboard took gaseous and particulate samples of the 

cloud. These activities are detailed in section 3.4, which 

discusses Air Force Special Weapons Center support missions at 

SIMON (58). 

Project 8.la, Effects of Thermal and Blast Forces from 

Nuclear Detonations on Basic Aircraft Structures and Components, 

investigated the capabilities of weapons-delivery aircraft to 

withstand thermal and blast forces. This information was used to 

establish design criteria for future weapons-delivery aircraft. 

Four pro,ject personnel placed B-36 components 160, 210, 320, and 

460 meters from ground zero. No shot-day recovery operations or 

inspections were necessary (56). 

46 
Project S.lb, Additional Data on the Vulnerability of Parked 

Aircraft to Atomic Bombs, supplemented existing data concerning 

the effects of nuclear weapons on parked aircraft. Two hours 

after recovery hour, seven project members and a monitor 

inspected a B-29 aircraft, which was parked 1,890 meters from 

ground zero during the shot. This activity took one hour (2; 4; 

22-23). 

Project 8.2, Measurement of Thermal Radiation with a Vacuum 

Microphone, was conducted by the Air Force Cambridge Research 

Center. The objective was to evaluate a device used to measure 

thermal radiation produced by a nuclear detonation. Project 

personnel placed microphones 2,420 meters from ground zero 

several davs before the detonation. Signals from the microphones 

were electrically transmitted to recording equipment located in 

two vans, about 1,610 meters -north of the Control Point (UTM 

coordinates 826902). Four hours before the detonation, six 

project personnel traveled to these vans to man equipment through 

shot-time (4; 6). 

Project 8.12a, Sound Velocities near the Ground in the 

Vicinity of an Atomic Explosion, was conducted by the Navy 

Electronics Laboratory. The ob,jective was to determine the 

velocity of sound just above the ground before the arrival of the 

shock wave. At SIMON, the purpose was primarily to check equipment that would be used for the project at Shots ENCORE and 

GRABLE. Before the shot, project personnel placed particle 

velocity meters 1,370 meters from ground zero. Two hours after 

recovery hour, four personnel and a monitor traveled to this 

location to inspect the meters (4; 47). 

Project 9.1, Technical Photograph-y, was conducted bv 

Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Incorporated (EG&G), and bv 

personnel from the Signal Corps Pictorial Center and the Air 

Force Lookout Mountain Laboratorv. Twenty-three Signal Corps 

47 
officers and five Air Force enlisted personnel were assigned to 

work directly with EG&G. The ob,jective was to take both still 

photographs and motion pictures of the preshot and postshot 

stages of various projects (27). 

In addition to Project 9.1 technical photography, the Air 

Force Lookout Mountain Laboratory provided documentary photography support. Ten personnel photographed the SIMON burst from 

the five camera stations listed below (4a; 4b): 

Station 

#1 

#2 

#3 

#4 

#5* 

Location Number of 

(UTM) Personnel 

894982 2 

900928 2 

829900 2 

788939 2 

843878 2 

Distance from 

Ground Zero 

(kilometers) 

10 

1 3 

11 

7 

14 

These personnel entered the forward areas of the test site about 

two hours before the burst to set up camera equipment. They 

remained in the area until after shot-time, photographing the 

burst and subsequent cloud development (4). 

Besides their ground mission, Lookout Mountain Laboratory 

photographers took aerial photographs from a C-47 aircraft. The 

C-47 left Indian Springs AFB at 0326 hours, with as many as eight 

people on board. The C-47 entered the SIMON test area and 

established a holding pattern. The aircraft was 16 kilometers 

south of ground zero at an altitude of 10,000 feet when the 

photographers filmed the burst. At 0433 hours, the C-47 aircraft 

left the test area to return to Indian Springs AFB, where it 

landed at 0453 hours (4; 21). 

*Station 5 was at the Control Point. 

48 
3.2 WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT GROUP PROJECTS 

The Weapons Development Group conducted 23 projects at Shot 

SIMON. Of these, only five involved DOD personnel. Table 3-1 

lists DOD participation in the Weapons Development Group projects, which were all sponsored by the Los Alamos Scientific 

Laboratory. 

Pro_ject 13.1, Ra_diochemistry Sampling, was supported by 

cloud-sampling pilots from the 4926th Test Squadron (Sampling). 

This activity is discussed in section 3.4, under AFSWC participation at Shot SIMON. 

The Naval Research Laboratory of Washington, D.C., conducted 

Projects 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, and 18.6 for the Weapons Development 

Group at Shot SIMON. However, detailed information is available 

only for Project 18.3, Spectroscopy. The objective of this 

project was to obtain information on spectral characteristics of 

light emitted from nuclear detonations. Spectrometers were used 

to record on film the variation with time of the wavelength of 

light from the detonation. Two spectrometers were in Building 

400, located near the Control Point at Yucca Pass. Personnel 

manned this station on shot-day in order to operate the instruments. The distance between the SIMON ground zero and Building 

400 was about 14 kilometers (4; 9; 17). 

3.3 CIVIL EFFECTS GROUP PROJECTS 

The Civil Effects Group conducted ten projects at SIMON, but 

only two involved DOD participants, as listed in table 3-l. 

Project 27.1, Distribution and Characteristics of Fallout at 

Distances Greater than Ten Miles from Ground Zero, involved 31 

Navy enlisted men. The objective was to determine radioactivity, 

particle size, and other parameters associated with fallout (54). 

49 
The participants organized into 13 teams. According to the 

operation plan, they were to set up stations consisting of 

various experiments along roads and trails selected on the basis 

of the predicted fallout patterns. The participants remained at 

previously assigned rendezvous points until after a weather 

prediction was made at 2300 hours the night before the shot. The 

teams then established 31 sampling stations in a pattern extending 30 degrees on each side of the estimated midline of the 

fallout. They spent four hours completing this task and then 

returned to their respective rendezvous points before the shot. 

Approximately 24 hours after the detonation, the teams collected 

samples, dismantled the stations, and returned to Camp Mercury. 

They stayed a minimum of 16 kilometers from ground zero during 

their field activities (54). 

Project 29.1, Comparison and Evaluation of Dosimetry Methods 

Applicable to Gamma Radiation, involved 26 participants from the 

Evans Signal Laboratory, part of the Signal Corps Engineering 

Laboratories. Personnel from the Army Chemical Corps, the Naval 

Radiological Defense Laboratory, and the Naval Medical Research 

Institute also assisted. The ob.jective was to evaluate the 

performance of various radiation detection instruments in 

radiation areas with gamma intensities up to 10.0 R/h. Participants placed film packs on 16 posts before shot-day and recovered 

the packs 54 hours after the detonation (59). 

3.4 AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTEK ACTIVITIES 

At Shot SIMON, AFSWC had operational control of all 

aircraft, cloud sampling and cloud tracking, aerial surveys, 

sample courier missions, and a radio relay. AFSWC conducted 

cloud-sampling missions for LASL Project 13.1, Radiochemistry 

Sampling, and for AFSWP Project 7.5, Calibration and Analysis of 

Close-in A-Bomb Debris. Table 3-2 details DOD participation in 

AFSWC-supported projects, showing the numbers and types of 

aircraft used. 

50 
Table 3-2: AFSWC AIR MISSION SUPPORT, SHOT SIMON 

Estimated 

Mission Type of Aircraft Number of Aircraft DOD Personnel 

Cloud Sampling 

Snooper F-84 G 1 1 

Sampler Control 6-50 1 9 

Sampler F-84 G 10 10 

Sample Courier c47 1 4 

B-25 10 50 

Cloud Tracking B-29 2 20 

B-25 1 5 

Radiation Terrain c47 1 4 

Survey/Radio-Relay H-18 1 3 

L-20 2 16 

3.4.1 Cloud Sampling 

Nine F-84G aircraft collected particulate samples of the 

SIMON cloud for LASL Project 13.1. In addition, a B-29 was 

scheduled to collect gaseous and particulate samples for Project 

7.5. Due to equipment problems, the B-29 aircraft was replaced 

by an F-84G. A B-50 sampler control aircraft manned by an AFSWC 

crew of nine, including a scientific advisor from LASL, and 

another F-84G aircraft acted as "snooper" aircraft, surveying the 

cloud before the actual sampling sorties. The first cloud 

penetration took place at 0711 hours, two hours and 41 minutes 

after the detonation. The following listing summarizes the 

activities of each sampler aircraft (21): 

51 
AIRCRAFT NUMBER OF TOTAL TIME TOTAL TIME 

(F-84G) PENETRATIONS IN CLOUD IN CLOUD AREA 

(seconds) (minutes) 

Red 1 

Red 3 

Red 4 

White 2 

White 3 

White 4 

Blue 1 

Blue 2 

Blue 4 

Catnip 1 

(Project 7.5) 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

1 

693 

695 

1850 

16'75 

55 

755 

620 

65 

75 

124 

7 7 

103 

75 

119 

103 

74 

105 

152 

The highest intensity encountered during the sampling 

missions was 7.0 R/h, and the highest sampler pilot exposure was 

2.7 roentgens (21). 

After the sampling missions were completed, the aircraft 

landed at Indian Springs AFB and parked in designated areas. 

Engines were shut down, and the canopies remained closed and 

sealed until the samples were removed from the aircraft. The 

pilots remained on full oxygen while they waited. The 4926th 

sample-removal team and radiological safety monitors removed the 

samples from each aircraft and placed them in shielded containers 

(21). 

After the samples from each aircraft were removed and 

stored, the pilots shut down their oxygen and opened the canopies. They stepped onto platforms held by forklifts, so thev 

would not touch the exterior of the aircraft, then moved to a 

pickup truck. They were taken to the decontamination station, 

52 
where they were monitored and decontaminated as necessary (13; 

21; 60). 

3.4.2 Sample Courier Missions 

After Shot SIMON, 11 aircraft transported scientific data to 

laboratories throughout the United States for analvsis. Ten B-25 

aircraft and one C-47 flew the courier missions (22). 

3.4.3 Cloud Tracking 

After the detonation, two B-29s, each with a crew of ten, 

left Kirtland AFB to track the cloud at 22,000 and 18,000 feet. 

One of the H-29s, however, aborted its mission due to mechanical 

failure. The rernaining B-29 tracked the cloud at 22,000 feet for 

five hours. A H-25 from Indian Springs AFB, with a crew of five, 

tracked the cloud at 12,000 feet for four hours (14; 21). 

3.4.4 Aerial Survevs of Terrain 

As requested bv the Test Director, one AFSWC H-18 helicopter, two L-20 aircraft, and one C-47 made radiological survevs 

of the terrain after the SIMON detonation to measure radiation 

intensities. The H-18 helicopter began the close-in survey ten 

minutes after the detonation and continued the survey for three 

hours at 25 to 30 feet above the ground. The two L-20 aircraft 

flew survevs at 500 feet above the ground, covering both onsite 

and offsite terrain. The C-47 conducted a survey up to 320 

kilometers offsite. This mission took three hours and was conducted at heights ranging from 400 to 2,400 feet above the ground 

(14; 21). 

53 
CHAPTER 4 

RADIATION PROTECTION AT SHOT SIMON 

Exercise Desert Rock V, the Joint Test Organization, and 

the Air Force Special Weapons Center each developed its own 

procedures to protect participants in Shot SIMON from the 

radiation resulting from the nuclear detonation. JTO and AFSWC 

based their procedures on criteria developed by the AEC Division 

of Biology and Medicine. The Office, Chief of Army Field Forces, 

established the radiological safety procedures and criteria for 

Desert Rock participants. The purpose of these radiation 

protection procedures was to ensure that individual exposure to 

ionizing radiation was within safe limits. The safety criteria 

and procedures used by Exercise Desert Rock, JTO, and AFSWC, as 

well as the organizations developed to implement the procedures, 

are described in chapter 5 of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series volume. 

Reports describing the results of radiation protection 

programs at Shot SIMON have been located for the Exercise Desert 

Rock volunteer observers and some test group members. Dosimetry 

data are available for the eight volunteer officer observers at 

SIMON. No film badge readings are available for Desert Rock 

troops. The results of the JTO procedures at Shot SIMON are 

available from two sources: the radiological safety report and 

the final dose report. The radiological safety report summarizes 

the activities that took place at each shot in the UPSHOTKNOTHOLE Series. The final dose report contains a listing of 

total exposures for all DOD personnel and civilians who received 

film badges issued by the AFSWP Radiological Safety Support Unit 

to the test groups. This report cent_ains individual names, 

units, and total doses. Only doses received at SIMON in excess 

of the established limits are discussed below (la; lb; 14). 

54 
4.1 DESERT ROCK RADIATION PROTECTION PROCEDURES 

SIMON was characterized by a higher-than-predicted yield 

that resulted in a more widespread area of onsite radioactive 

fallout than expected. Specific details of the radiological 

protection activities at Shot SIMON are presented in this 

section. Chapter 5 of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series volume 

describes the standard procedures at the operation. 

4.1.1 Radiation Protection for the Tactical Troop Maneuver and 

the Observers 

At shot-time, observers and members of both BCTs were in 

trenches 3,660 meters from ground zero. A monitor noted an 

initial gamma radiation exposure not exceeding 0.025 roentgens 

in these trenches (32). 

At 0444 hours, 14 minutes after the shot, both BCTs began 

their attack. Radiation monitors at the head of BCT ABLE, on the 

east, halted the attack at 0600 hours at about 1,830 meters 

southwest of ground zero. At that point, the radiation intensity 

was 2.5 R/h. BCT BAKER, on the west, encountered no areas of 

high radiation intensity and presumably reached the objective 

(12; 32). 

When the tactical phase of the maneuver was over, the 

observers and troops moved to the display area. There, members 

of the Instructor Group escorted them on a tour of the equipment 

and field fortifications. Due to radiation levels in the display 

area, forward movement was not permitted past the display at 

1,830 meters from ground zero (also the site of the volunteer 

officer observer trenches) where the radiation intensity was 

about 2.5 R/h (32). 

Although standard procedures called for personnel to undergo 

field decontamination and monitoring before they boarded vehicles 

55 
in the trench area for the return to camp, light fallout in the 

trench area precluded this operation. At the direction of the 

Kadiological Safety Officer, troops and vehicles moved to the 

decontamination station at Yucca Pass for field decontamination 

and monitoring. SIMON was the only shot in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE 

series requiring the use of an alternate field decontamination 

post because of contamination in the planned location (32). 

No film badge readings are available either for soldiers 

participating in the tactical troop maneuver or for the regular 

observers. Readings from pocket dosimeters issued to some of tl 

maneuver troops indicated an estimated average exposure of 3.0 

roentgens, with a high of 7.0 roentgens (exceeding the limit of 

6.0 roentgens) (35). Dose reconstruction indicates an average 

gamma dose for observers of about 0.5 roentgens (25). 

4.1.2 Radiation Protection for the Volunteer Officer Observers 

At Shot SIMON, eight officers knowledgeable in the effects 

of nuclear weapons calculated a safe distance for viewing a 

device predicted to vield 35 kilotons. RV consensus, the volunteers agreed that trenches located 1,830 meters from ground zero 

would provide adequate protection from a nuclear device of that 

vield (32; 40). SIMON, however, had an actual yield of 43 kilotons. 

Immediatelv after the burst, one volunteer officer noted a 

reading of 100 R/h on his IN-71/PD radiac meter. Within the next 

ten seconds, this reading dropped to 50 R/h, gradually decreasing 

within the next minute to about 20 to 25 K/h. At this time, the 

group leader directed the volunteers to leave their two trenches. 

As they left the trenches and examined the equipment in the area, 

radiac meter readings increased again to 40 R/h. Meter readings 

steadily decreased as the group walked away from ground zero. 

Whenever the group stopped to examine anything, such as the sheep 

56 
in the display area, meter readings began increasing again, 

indicating that fallout was being deposited in that area (32; 

40). 

The group walked about 400 meters away from ground zero, 

and boarded trllcks to the main trench area. At the point where 

they met the trucks, the radiation intensity was 10.0 R/h. This 

intensity decreased rapidly as they drove away from ground zero. 

Bv the time the volunteers had reached the main trenches, the 

radiation intensity was less than 1.0 R/h (32; 40). 

Each volunteer carried a pocket dosimeter and three Desert 

Rock film badges. The dosimeters registered an average of 10.4 

roentgens of whole body exposure. One film badge was placed in 

each of the following places: breast pocket, hip pocket, inside 

the helmet. Readings ranged from 9.5 to 19.54 roentgens for the 

volunteers. The breast pocket film badges, which correspond to 

the single film badge worn by other test participants, had readings of 9.5 to 17.5 roentgens, with an average of 12..7 roentgens. 

Seven of the eight volunteer officers exceeded the established 

limit of 10.0 roentgens for one test (40; 64). 

The eight volunteer officer observers at Shot SIMON were 

within the range of initial neutron radiation and they received 

neutron exposures in addition to gamma exposures. The film 

badges and pocket dosimeters these individuals carried, however, 

were not designed to measure neutron exposures. Dose reconstruction for the volunteer observers indicates an average 

neutron dose of about 28 roentgens (25). 

4.1.3 Radiation Protection for the Operational Helicopter Test 

During the helicopter test mission, pilots were instructed 

to avoid areas where the radiation intensity was greater than 

10.0 R/h. One of the helicopters at Shot SIMON encountered 

57 
intensities of up to 50 R/h before it could take evasive action. 

Radiological safety monitors were aboard the three helicopters, 

but information is not available on the radiation levels measured 

by these monitors (29). Film badge data for the helicopter 

personnel have not been found. 

4.2 JOINT TEST ORGANIZATION RADIATION PKOTECTION PROCEDURES 

Military personnel who were members of the 9778th Radiological Safety Support Unit performed all radiation protection 

activities onsite. In addition, civilian and military personnel 

were involved in offsite monitoring operations. 

4.2.1 Dosimetry 

During the period from 24 April until 2 May, members of the 

Dosimetry and Records Section processed 1,880 film badges. On 

shot-day and the day after, 39 individuals had received 

cumulative gamma exposures exceeding the established 3.9 roentgen 

limit. A comparison of film badge to pocket dosimeter readings 

on these two days showed that film badges generally read twice as 

high as pocket dosimeters. Since individuals used their pocket 

dosimeters to monitor their exposure in the shot-area, this 

discrepancy could have accounted for the overexposures at SIMON 

(12; 14). 

Eight men from the Wright Air Development Center received 

exposures between 5.0 and 8.9 roentgens. These men were probably 

responsible for decontaminating aircraft from the 4925th Test 

Group that participated in Shot SIMON (21). An individual from 

the 4920th Medical Group at Kirtland AFB also participated in the 

aircraft decontamination and had an exposure of 5.1 roentgens. 

Six personnel from Fort McClellan, Alabama, who were assigned to 

the Radiological Safety Support Unit received total exposures 

ranging from 4.0 to 8.4 roentgens as a result of monitoring 

58 
activities. In addition, six Air Force personnel from Lowry AFB, 

Colorado, participated in activities that resulted in 

overexposures ranging from 4.4 to 6.9 roentgens. Also, two 

employees of Evans Signal Laboratory received total exposures of 

16.1 and 16.9 roentgens at SIMON (la; lb). 

Film badge records indicate that nine other JTO participants 

at SIMON received exposures greater than 3.9 roentgens. These 

individuals had exposures that ranged from 4.2 to 9.2 roentgens. 

One individual was from each of the following organizations: 

Bureau of Ships; Naval Medical Research Institute; Wichita 

Municipal Airport; Naval Hospital in San Diego; Naval Training 

Center in San Diego; Naval Amphibious Base in Coronado, 

California; and Naval Ordnance Test Center in Invokern, 

California. In addition, one individual was attached to 

Commander, Amphibious Group 3, and another was from the Navy 

Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (la; lb). 

4.2.2 Logistics 

During the period of 24 April to 2 May, the Supply Section 

issued 316 protective caps, 359 pairs of shoe covers, 283 

respirators, 327 pairs of gloves, and 218 pairs of goggles. The 

Instrument Supply and Repair Section issued 124 radiation survey 

instruments (14). 

4.2.3 Monitoring 

The initial onsite survey party of four two-man teams left 

the Radiological Safety Building at the Control Point five 

minutes after detonation. At 0450, 20 minutes after detonation, 

the survey party began reporting gamma readings. Extensive 

fallout on access roads slowed the completion of the survey which 

continued until 0730 hours. A copy of this initial survey plot 

is shown in figure 4-l. Due to extensive contamination in the 

59 
. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

-* 

( 

-*-•-*- 

l - .I 

\------- 

N 

-*-_.- 

--- 

-- -sr 

l . 

l l 

l *. . 

. 

Roads 

. . . . . . l 001 R/h 

-----0lRltl 

O,: 

-.-.-.I 1 OR//-, 

10 0 R/h 

. 

I Kilometers 

Figure 4-l : INITIAL SURVEY FOR SHOT SIMON, 

25 APRIL 1953, 0730 HOURS 

60 
onsite area, the Test Director did not declare recovery hour 

until 1230 hours, eight hours after the detonation. Monitors 

also resurveyed the shot-area that day, beginning at 1500 hours. 

Data from this resurvey were used to make the isointensity plot 

shown in figure 4-2 (12; 14). 

A shift in the wind direction at shot-time caused the 

cloud from Shot SIMON to drift to the east of the Nevada Proving 

Ground. Offsite monitors patrolling this area encountered 

significant gamma radiation (0.2 R/h) due to fallout on Highways 

91 and 93 north of Glendale, Nevada. These results were transmitted to the Test Director who ordered that roadblocks, manned 

by Offsite Monitoring personnel, be established at North Las 

Vegas and Alamo, Nevada, and at St. George, Utah. This was the 

first time any of the continental nuclear tests had required 

roadblocks off the Nevada Proving Ground to monitor vehicles for 

radioactive contamination (12; 14). 

An H-18 helicopter performed the close-in aerial survey, 

taking off from the Control Point ten minutes after the detonation. The highest intensity encountered was 10.0 R/h (12). Two 

L-20s and a C-47 performed the extended terrain survey, up to 320 

kilometers offsite. The C-47 also resurveyed the area the next 

day. The maximum radiation intensity on the ground detected by 

the C-47 on shot-day was 0.11 R/h. The L-20s conducted surveys 

on shot-day only, encountering maximum intensities of 

0.8 R/h (14). 

4.2.4 Plotting and Briefing 

From 24 April to 2 May, a total of 789 people in 262 parties 

received briefing for entrv into controlled areas. Ten parties 

were permitted to enter the shot area before recovery hour (14). 
. 

. 

Roads 

0 

L-A-A 

Kilometers 

. . . . . . . 001 R/h 

-----OlR/h 

.a.-.-. lOR/h 

10 0 R/h 

Figure 4-2: RESURVEY FOR SHOT SIMON, 

25 APRIL 1953, 1500 HOURS 

62 
Members of the Plotting and Rriefing Section also prepared 

the two radiation isointensity plots of the SIMON shot area shown 

in figures 4-l and 4-2 (14). 

4.2.5 Decontamination 

Members of the Vehicle Decontamination Section decontaminated 102 JTO vehicles onsite during the period covering Shot 

SIMON (14). 

In addition, due to heavy fallout on Highways 91 and 93, 

decontamination stations were established at the three roadblocks 

to monitor and decontaminate public vehicles that passed through 

the contaminated area. The roadblocks and decontamination 

stations at St. George and at North Las Vegas each had one DOD 

monitor. Alamo had no DOD monitor (14). 

63 
64 
SHOT SIMON REFERENCE LIST 

The following list of references represents 

onlv those documents cited in the SIMON 

volume. When a DNA-WT document is followed bv 

an EX, the latest version has been cited. A 

complete list of documents reviewed during the 

preparation of the Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE 

volumes is contained in the Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE volume Ribliographv. 

65 
AVAILARILITY INFORMATION 

An availability statement has been included at the end of 

the reference citation for those readers who wish to read or 

obtain copies of source documents. Availability statements were 

correct at the time the bibliography was prepared. It is 

anticipated that many of the documents marked unavailable may 

become available during the declassification review process. The 

Coordination and Information Center (CIC) and the National 

Technical Information Service (NTIS) will be provided future 

DNA-WT documents bearing an EX after the report number. 

Source documents bearing an availability statement of CIC 

may be reviewed at the following address: 

Department of Energy 

Coordination and Information Center 

(Operated by Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co., Inc.) 

ATTN: Mr. Richard V. Nutley 

2753 S. Highland 

P.O. Box 14100 Phone: (702) 734-3194 

Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 FTS: 598-3194 

Source documents bearing an availability statement of NTIS 

may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service. 

When ordering by mail or phone, please include both the price 

code and the NTIS number. The price code appears in parentheses 

before the NTIS order number. 

National Technical Information Service 

5285 Port Royal Road Phone: (703) 487-4650 

Springfield, Virginia 22161 (Sales Office) 

Additional ordering information or assistance may be obtained by 

writing to the NTIS, Attention: Customer Service, or by calling 

(703) 487-4660. 

66 
SHOT SIMON REFERENCE LIST 

1. 9778th Radiological Safetv Support Unit. 

a. Cumulative Radiological Listing [R102] with Exposure 

Roster and Film Badge Number. Spring 1953 Tests. 

REECo Box 13; Cartridge/Roll 5.**** 

b. "Exposure of DOD Personnel Participating in Spring 

1953 Tests at Nevada Proving Ground." Mercury, NV.: 

9778th Rad Safe Support Unit. [1953.] 

141 Pages.  

2. AFSWP, Military Effects Group. Memorandum for Test 

Director, Sub<ject: Military Effects Group Shot 

No. 7 [SIMON], Operational Report. Mercury, NV. 

27 April 1953. 4 Pages.**  

3. Atomic Energy Commission, Office of the Test Director. 

[Extracts: Access Lists by Project for Each Shot.] 

Camp Mercury, NV.: AEC. 1955. 48 Pages. 

4. Atomic Energy Commission, Office of the Test Director. 

a. Special Instructions, SIMON. Annex K to Operation 

Order l-53. Camp Mercury, NV.: AEC Test Director's 

Office. 1953. 2 Pages.** 

b. Schedule of Events, Shot SIMON, Appendix 1 to Annex K 

of Operation Order l-53. Camp Mercury, NV.: AEC 

Test Director's Office. [April 1953.1 8 Pages.** 

5. Bass, R. C.; Smith, L. J.; Ungar, S. H. Gamma Radiation 

Spectrum of Residual Contamination, Operation 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Project 2.2a. Arm, Signal Corps 

Engineering Laboratories. Albuquerque, NM.: Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-718. May 1955. 80 Pages. 

(A05) AD 244 415.* 

6. Bohn, J.; Cowie, R.; O'Day, M. "Measurement of Thermal 

Radiation with a Vacuum Microphone, Project 8.2." 

Albuquerque, NM.: Air Force, Cambridge Research 

Center. Field Command, AFSWP. WT-767. 

March 1954. 60 Pages. (A04).* 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

****Requests subject to Privacv Act restrictions. 

67 
7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

Brennan, J. T. "Beta-Gamma Skin Hazard in the Post-Shot 

Contaminated Area, Project 4.7." Army Medical 

Service School. Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, 

AFSWP. WT-746. December 1953. 34 Pages. (A03) 

AD 460 271.* 

Byrnes, V.; Brown, D.; Rose, H.; et al. "Ocular Effects 

of Thermal Radiation from Atomic Detonation Flashblindness and Chorioretinal Burns, Project 4.5." 

School of Aviation Medicine. Albuquerque, NM.: 

Field Command, AFSWP. WT-745. November 1955. 

76 Pages.*** 

Campbell, J. H. "High Dispersion Spectrographic Observations, Part I, Project 18.3." Naval Research 

Laboratory. Albuquerque, NM .: Field Command, AFSWP. 

WT-829. 1961. 76 Pages.*** 

Chambers, F. W.; Sharp, R.; Duckwork, J. W.; et al. 

"Residual Ionizing Radiation Depth Dose Measurements 

in Unit Density Material, Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, 

Project 2.2b." Naval Medical Research Institute. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-719. 

February 1957. -44 Pages.*** 

Chaney, J. "Evaluation of Chemical Dosimeters, Project 

6.4." Army, Chemical and Radiological Laboratories. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-753. 

January 1955. 32 Pages. (A03) AD/A073 474.* 

Clark, J. "Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Report of the Deputy 

Test Director." Los Alamos, NM.: Atomic Energy 

Commission. WT-816. June 1954. 61 Pages.*** 

Clawson, M. Q. "History of 4901st Support Wing (Atomic) 

Participation in Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, l-30 

April 1953." Kirtland AFB, NM.: AFSWC. swc 

26034. 1953. 7 Pages.** 

Collison , T. D ., LTC, USA. Radiological Safety Operation. 

Al buqu .erque, NM . . Field Command, AFSWP. 

WT-702(REF). June 1953. 451 Pages. (A20).* 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

 Requests sub,ject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

68 
15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

Crenshaw, C.; McAfee, W.; Pressman, W.; et al. "Measurements and Analysis of Electromagnetic Radiation from 

Nuclear Detonations, Project 6.7." Army, Signal 

Corps Engineering Laboratories. Albuquerque, NM.: 

Field Command, AFSWP. WT-754. June 1956. 

34 Pages.** * 

Cracker, J.; Harris, R. A. Seismic Measurements, 

Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Project 7.4. 

Headquarters, USAF . 

. Albuquerque, NM.. Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-764. May 1955. 87 Pages.*** 

Curcio, J. A.; Duncan, C. H.; Drummeter, L. F. 

Low-Resolution Spectroscopy, Part 2, Project 18.3. 

Washington, D.C.: Naval Research Laboratory. 

WT-828. September 1955. 116 Pages.*** 

Department of the Army. "Recommendations--Final Report 

for Exercise Desert Rock V." Washington, D.C.: 

Department of the Army. 9 February 1954. 

10 Pages.*** 

Directorate of Weapons Effects Test. Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE Project Summaries. Albuquerque, NM.: 

Field Command, AFSWP. 1953. 100 Pages.*** 

Directorate of Weapons Effects Test. Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE, Operational Summary. Albuquerque, NM * 

Field Command, AFSWP. August 1953. 104 Pages:*** 

Fackler. P. Oberation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Aircraft Participation. Kirtland AFB, NM.: Air Force Special Weapons 

Center. WT-825. November 1955. 226 Pages.*** 

Field Command, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project. 

Summary Report of the Technical Director, Programs 

l-9. Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. 

WT-782. March 1955. 232 Pages.*** 

Freeh, E.; James, G.; Briedenbach, L. Additional Data on 

the Vulnerability of Parked Aircraft to Atomic Bombs, 

Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Project 8.lb. Wright Air 

Development Center. Albuquerque, NM.: Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-809. Undated. 100 Pages.*** 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

****Requests subject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

69 
24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

General Electric Company - TEMPO. Compilation of Local 

Fallout Data from Test Detonations 1945-1962. 

Volume 1: "Continental U.S. Tests." Washington, 

D.C.: DNA-1251-l-EX. 1979. 619 Pages. 

(A99) AD/A079 309.* 

Goetz, J.; Jones, S.; Kaul, D.; et al. Analysis of 

Radiation Exposures for Troop Observers, Exercise 

Desert Rock V, Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE. Science 

Applications, Inc. Washington, D.C.: Defense 

Nuclear Agency. DNA 5742F. April 1981. 

111 Pages. (A06).* 

Greene, Jack C. "Various Aspects of Nuclear Radiation 

Measurements for Civil Defense Radiological Defense 

Purposes, Project 22.2." Washington, D.C.: Federal 

Civil Defense Administration. WT-805. November 

1953. 34 Pages.*** 

Greer, W. R.; Dukes, E. F. Technical Photography, Project 

%i79. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. 

January 1954. 142 Pages. (AG7) 

AD/B951 672.* 

Headquarters, 2d Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise 

Brigade. Desert Rock V, w/10 encls. Camp 

Pendleton, CA.: 2d MCPAEB. 19 May 1953. 

113 Pages.** 

Headquarters, 2d Marine Corp Provisional Atomic Exercise 

Brigade. "Report of Helicopter Participation in 

Exercise Desert Rock V" (w/6 Annexes, 2 Enclosures). 

Camp Desert Rock, NV.: 2d MCPAEB. 18 June 1953. 

77 Pages.** 

Headquarters, 4901st Support Wing (Atomic). "Operations 

Plan Serial No. 2-53." Kirtland AFB, NM.: 4901st 

Support Wing (Atomic). 13 February 1953. 

33 Pages.** 

Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock. [Computations of 

Volunteer Observers - Blank Form.] Camp Desert 

Rock, NV.: U.S. Army. April 1953. 2 Pages.** 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

****Requests subject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

70 
32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 

Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock. Exercise Desert Rock V, 

Final Report. Volume I: "Operations." Camp Desert 

Rock, NV. 24 June 1953. 198 Pages. 

(A09) AD/A078 559.*/** 

Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock. Exercise Desert Rock V, 

Final Report. Volume II: "Administration." Camp 

Desert Rock, NV. 1 June 1953. 64 Pages.** 

Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock. Exercise Desert Rock V, 

Operation Order Four. Camp Desert Rock, NV. 

21 April 1953. 90 Pages.** 

Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock. [Message to Commanding 

General Sixth Army, Subject: Firing of Shot V-7 

(SIMON).] Camp Desert Rock, NV. 25 April 1953. 

1 Page. AMCDR-DPCO-04306.** 

Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock. Training Memo No. 15: 

Observer Orientation Course. Camp Desert Rock, NV. 

8 April 1953. 15 Pages.** 

Headquarters, Sixth Army. Correspondence File, Subject: 

Desert Rock V, 2 January--l4 November 1953. 

Presidio of San Francisco, CA.: Sixth U.S. Army. 

Undated. 130 Pages. File 354.2/DR.** 

Headquarters, Sixth Army. Letter of Instruction for 

Logistical Support --Camp Desert Rock, and Amendments 

Numbers 1 and 2. Presidio of San Francisco, CA.: 

Sixth U.S. Army. 5 January 1953. 83 Pages.** 

Headquarters, Sixth Army. Letter of Instructions-- 

Reduction of Activities, Camp Desert Rock, Nevada, to 

Standby Status. Presidio of San Francisco, CA.: 

Sixth U.S. Army. 6 May 1953. 36 Pages.** 

Hinners, R. A., Capt., USN. Memo for the Record: Report 

of Participation in Selected Volunteer Program of 

Desert Rock V, 25 April 1953. Washington, D.C.: 

HQS, AFSWP. 1953. 30 Pages.** 

James, F. "IBDA Phenomena and Techniques, Project 6.2." 

Wright Air Development Center. Albuquerque, NM.: 

Field Command, AFSWP. WT-751. September 1955. 

58 Pages.*** 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

****Requests subject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

71 
42. Johnston, J. M.; Poyet, G. Evaluation of Military Radiac 

Equipment, Project 6.8. Army, Signal Corps 

Engineering Laboratories and Navy, Bureau of Ships. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-755. 

June 1954. 90 Pages. (A05) AD 629 545.* 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 

50. 

Keeling, G. "Interim IBDA Capabilities of Strategic Air 

Command, Project 6.3." Strategic Air Command. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-752. 

January 1955. 56 Pages.*** 

Keeran, R. B. "Effectiveness of Fast Scan Radar for 

Fireball Studies and Weapons Tracking, Project 6.13." 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-761. 

June 1955. 26 Pages.*** 

Kingery, C.; Clarke, M. "Air Blast Gauge Studies, 

Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Project 3.30." Ballistic 

Research Laboratories. Albuquerque, NM.: Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-742. June 1954. 62 Pages.*** 

Larrick, R.; Johnson, 0.; Marmiroli, R. "Initial Gamma 

Exposure versus Distance, Project 6.8a.l' Army, 

Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories. Albuquerque, 

NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-756. September 

1955. 38 Pages.*** 

McLaughlin, R.; Foushee, R. "Sound Velocities near the 

Ground in the Vicinity of an Atomic Explosion, 

Project 8.12a." Naval Electronics Laboratory. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-776. 

January 1955. 68 Pages.*** 

Merritt, M. "Air Shock Pressures as Affected by Hills and 

Dales, Project l.lc-2." Albuquerque, NM.: Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-713. September 1954. 

36 Pages.*** 

Molloy, C. T. 

6.21. 

IBDA Phenomena and Techniques [Project 

Vitro Corporation of America. N York 

NY.: Vitro. KLX-1658. Undated. 242eWPages.i** 

Office, Chief Army Field Forces. Directive for Exercise 

Desert Rock V. Fort Monroe, VA.: OCAFF. ATTNG-43 

354/18. 5 February 1953. 30 Pages.** 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

 Requests subject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

72 
51. Oleson, M. H. Electromagnetic Effects from Nuclear 

Explosions, Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Project 7.1. 

Headquarters, USAF. Albuquerque, NM.: Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-762. June 1955. 

299 Pages.** * 

52. Olmsted, G.; Wowak, E. "Detection of Airborne Low 

Frequency Sound from Nuclear Explosions, Operation 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, Project 7.3." Headquarters, USAF. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-763. 

February 1954. 43 Pages.*** 

53. Price, J. "Evaluation of Rapid Aerial Radiological Survey 

Techniques, Project 6.10." Army, Signal Corps 

Engineering Laboratories. Albuquerque, NM.: Field 

Command, AFSWP. WT-758. May 1954. 26 Pages. 

(A03) AD/A073 473.* 

54. Rainey, C. T.; et al. Distribution and Characteristics of 

Fall-out at Distances Greater than 10 Miles from 

Ground Zero, March and April 1953. Los Angeles, 

CA.: UCLA School of Medicine. WT-811. February 

55. Rogin, 

56. Schlei, E. J.; James, G. T.; Breidenbach, L.; et al. 

Effects of Thermal and Blast Forces from Nuclear 

Detonations on Basic Aircraft Structures and 

Components, Project B.la. Wright Air Development 

Center. Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. 

WT-766. March 1954. 298 Pages.*** 

57. 

58. 

Shreve, J. D., Jr. "Air Shock Pressure-Time versus 

Distance for a Tower Shot, Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, 

Project l.lc-I." Sandia Corporation. Albuquerque, 

NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-712. April 1955. 

60 Pages.*** 

Singlevich, Walter; Reed, C. K. "Calibration Analysis of 

Close-in A-Bomb Debris, Project 7.5." Headquarters, 

USAF. Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. 

WT-765. September 1955. 61 Pages.*** 

1954. 98 Pages. (A05) AD 417 093.' 

L.; DuPont, A.; Weeber, C. Atomic Weapon Effects 

on AD Type Aircraft in Flight, Operation UPSHOTKNOTHOLE, Project 5.1. Naval Air Material Center. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-748. 

March 1954. 198 Pages.*** 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

 Requests subject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

73 
59. Taplin, G. V.; Sanford, C.; et al. "Comparison and 

Evaluation of Dosimetry Methods Applicable to Gamma 

Radiation, Project 29.1." Los Angeles, CA.: UCLA 

School of Medicine. WT-802. September 1953. 

74 Pages.** * 

60. Taylor, L. B. History of the Air Force Atomic Cloud 

Sampling, Volume 1: "Narrative," Volume 2: 

"Appendix." Kirtland AFB, NM.: AFSWC. January 

1963. 330 Pages. K242.04-8.*** 

61. Terry, J. H. "Evaluation of Naval Airborne Radiac 

Equipment, Project 6.9." Navy, Bureau of 

Aeronautics. Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, 

AFSWP. WT-757. March 1956. 44 Pages.*** 

62. Tiede, R. V., LTC., USA; Kelly, D. F.; Burger, K. C. 

"Determination of Height of Burst and Ground Zero, 

Project 6.12." Army Field Forces, Board #1 and 

Army, Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories. 

Albuquerque, NM.: Field Command, AFSWP. WT-760. 

May 1955. 68 Pages.*** 

63. Winograd, B. "Gain in Information in the Desert Rock 

A-Bomb Maneuvers." Washington, D.C.: GWU, HumRRO. 

March 1954. 19 Pages. (A02) AD 482 184.*/** 

64. Headquarters, Camp Desert Rock, Rad Safety Office. 

Memorandum for Deputy Commander for Operations, 

Subject: Report of Radiation Received by Volunteer 

[Officer] Observers, Exercise DESERT ROCK V-7. Camp 

Desert Rock, NV. 29 April 1953. 1 Page.**** 

*Available from NTIS; order number appears before the asterisk. 

**Available at CIC. 

***Not available, see Availability Information page. 

****Requests subject to Privacy Act restrictions. 

74 
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ATTN: HQ USAF/SGES 

Force School of Aerospace Medicine 

ATTN: Strughold Library 

Force Systems Conand 

ATTN- Historian 

Force Technical Applications Center 

ATTN: Historian 

Force Weapons Laboratory 

Force Systems Command 

ATTN: Tech Library 

National Guard 

ATTN: Historian 

Training Command 

ATTN: Historian 

University Library 

Department of the Air Force 

ATTN: AUL-LSE 

Military Air Lift Command 

ATTN: Historian 

Comnander-in-Chief 

Pacific Air Forces 

ATTN: Historian 

Tactical Air Command 

Department of the Air Force 

ATTN Historian 

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE (Continued) 

Strategic Air Comnand 

Department of the Air Force 

ATTN: NRI-STINFO Library 

ATTN: Historian 

U.S. Air Force Occupational & Env Health 

ATTN. NTPR 

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 

Department of Energy 

ATTN~ OMA 

Department of Energy 

Nevada Operations Office 

ATTN. Health Physics Div 

2 cy ATTN. R. Nutley 

Department of Energy 

Human Health & Assessments Division 

ATTN: EV-31 

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENW 

Centers for Disease Control 

U.S. Public Health Service 

ATTN: G. Caldwell 

Central Intelligence Agency 

ATTN: Office of Medical Services 

Department of Health 6 Human Svcs 

ATTN: Office of General Counsel 

Exec Oft of The President 

Management & Budget Off Lib 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Library of Congress 

ATTN: Librarv Service Division 

ATTN: Science & Technology Dlv 

ATTN: Serial & Govt Publication 

National Atomic Museum 

ATTN. Historian 

Department of Commerce 

National Bureau of Standards 

ATTN: Llbrn 

National Technical Information Service 

12 cy ATTN. Customer Services 

Occupational Safety & Health Admln 

ATTN: C. Wright 

Office of Health & Disability (ASPER) 

ATTN: R. Copeland 

Dfc of Workers Compensation Program 

Department of Labor 

ATTN: R. Larson 

U.S. Coast Guard Academy Library 

ATTN: Librn 

U.S. House of Representatives 

ATTN. Committee on Armed Svcs 

Lab 
OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued) 

U.S. House of Representatives 

Committee on Interstate & Foreign Comnerce 

ATTN: Subcorrmittee on Health & Envir 

U.S Military Academy 

ATTN. 

U.S. Senate 

Committee on 

ATTN. 

U.S. Senate 

ATTN~ 

Director of Libraries 

Armed Services 

Comnittee on Veterans Affairs 

Committee on Veterans Affairs 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Providence, RI 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Montgomery, AL 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Anchorage, AK 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Phoenix, AZ 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Little Rock, AR 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Los Angeles, CA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

San Francisco, CA 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Denver, CO 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Hartford, CT 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Wilmington, DE 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-OFC Central 

Washington, D. C. 

ATTN: Dept Veterans Benefit, Central Oft 

ATTN: Director 

ATTN: Board of Veteran Appeal 

Veterans Administration-R0 

St. Petersburg, FL 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Atlanta, GA 

ATTN. Director 

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued) 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Honolulu, HI 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Chicago, IL 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Seattle, WA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Indianapolis, IN 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Des Moines, IA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Wichita, KS 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Louisville, KY 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

New Orleans, LA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Togus, ME 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans AdministrationcRO 

Baltimore, MD 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Boston, MA 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

St. Paul, MN 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Jackson, MS 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Huntington, WV 

ATTN. Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

St. Louis, MO 

ATTN: Dlrecto, 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Ft. Harrison, MT 

ATTN: Director 

National Archives 

ATTN: Librn 

77 
OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued)_ OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued) 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Lincoln, NE 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Reno, NV 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Manchester, NH 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Newark, NJ 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Milwaukee, WI 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Albuquerque, NM 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Buffalo, NY 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

New York, NY 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Winston-Salem, NC 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Fargo, ND 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Cleveland, OH 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Muskogee, OK 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Portland, OR 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Pittsburgh, PA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Philadelphia, PA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

San Francisco, CA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

San Juan, Puerto Rico 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Columbia, SC 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Sioux Falls, SD 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Houston, TX 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Waco, TX 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Salt Lake City, UT 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Adminlstraiton-RO 

White River Junction, VT 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Roanoke, VA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Cheyenne, WY 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

San Diego, CA 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Boise, ID 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-R0 

Detroit, MI 

ATTN: Director 

Veterans Administration-RO 

Nashville, TN 

ATTN: Director 

The White House 

ATTN: Domestic Policy Staff 

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACTORS 

Lawrence Livermore National Lab 

ATTN: Tech Info Dept Library 

Los Alamos National Lab 

ATTN: Library 

ATTN: ADPA MMS 195 

Sandia National Lab 

ATTN: W. Hereford 

ATTN: Central Library 

Reynol ds Electrica 

ATTN: CIC 

l& Engr co., Inc 

ATTN. W. Brady 

78 
OTHER _OTHER (Continued) 

Adams State College 

ATTN. Librn 

Akron Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Alabama State Dept of Archives & History 

ATTN: Military Records Div 

University of Alabama 

ATTN: Reference Dept/Docs 

University of Alaska Library at Anchorage 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Alaska 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Albany Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Alexander City State Jr College 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Allegheny College 

ATTN: Librn 

Allen County Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Altoona Area Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

American Statistics Index 

Congressional Info Service, Inc 

ATTN: Cathy Jarvey 

Anaheim Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

College of Wooster 

ATTN: Gov Dots 

Angelo State University Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Angelo Iacoboni Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Anoka County Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Appalachian State University 

ATTN: Library Dots 

Arizona State University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Arizona 

ATTN: Gov Dot Dept/C. Bower 

Arkans;;Tpllege Library 

: Library 

Brooklyn College 

ATTN: Dot Dlv 

Arkansas Library Comm 

ATTN: Library 

Arkansas State University 

ATTN: Library 

University of Arkansas 

ATTN: Gov Dots Div 

Austin College 

ATTN: Librn 

Atlanta Public Library 

ATTN: Ivan Allen Dept 

Atlanta University 

ATTN: Librn 

Auburn University Library et Mongomery (Reg) 

ATTN. Librn 

C. W. Post Ctr Long Island University 

ATTN: Librn 

Bangor Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Bates College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Baylor University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Beloit College Libraries 

ATTN: Serials Dots Dept 

Bemidji State College 

ATTN: Library 

State University College 

ATTN. Gov Dots 

Akron University 

ATTN: Gov Dots 

Boston Public Library (Reg) 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Bowdoin College 

ATTN: Librn 

Bowling Green State University 

ATTN: Lib Gov Dots Services 

Bradley University 

ATTN: Librn 

Brandeis University Library 

ATTN: Dots Section 

Brigham Young University 

ATTN: Librn 

Brigham Young University 

ATTN: Dots Collection 

Brookhaven National Laboratory 

ATTN: Tech Library 

79 
DTHER (Continued) 

Broward County Library Sys 

ATTN. Librn 

Brown University 

ATTN: Librn 

Bucknell University 

ATTN. Reference Dept 

Buffalo & Erie Co Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

State University Library of California at Fresno 

ATTN: Library 

Unlvet-sity Library of California at Los Angeles 

ATTN: Pub Affairs Serv U.S. Dots 

University of California at San Diego 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

State College Library of California at Stanislaus 

ATTN: Library 

California State Polytechnic University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

California State University at Northridge 

ATTN. Gov Dot 

California State Library (Reg) 

ATTN: Clbrn 

California State University at Long Beach Library 

ATTN: Librn 

California State University 

ATTN: Llbrn 

California State University 

ATTN: Librn 

California University Library 

ATTN. Gov Pub Dept 

California University Library 

ATTN. Llbrn 

California University Library 

ATTN. Gov Dots Dept 

California University Library 

ATTN: Dots Set 

University of California 

ATTN: Gov Dots Dept 

Calvin College Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Kearney State College 

ATTN. Gov Dots Dept 

Cambria County Library Sys 

ATTN: Librn 

Carleton College Library 

ATTN Librn 

9THER (Continued) 

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh 

ATTN. Librn 

Carnegie Mellon University 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Carson Regional Library 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Unit 

Case Western Reserve University 

ATTN: Librn 

Casper College 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Central Florida 

ATTN: Library Dots Dept 

Central Michigan University 

ATTN. Library Dots Set 

Central Missouri State Univ 

ATTN: Gov Dots 

Central State University 

ATTN: Lib Dots Dept 

Central WashIngton University 

ATTN: Lib Dots Set 

Central Wyoming College Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Charleston County Library 

ATTN Librn 

Charlotte & Mechlenburg County Public Library 

ATTN: E. Correll 

Chattanooga Hamilton County. Bicentennial Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Chesapeake Public Library System 

ATTN: Librn 

Chicago Public Library 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Dept 

State University of Chicago 

ATTN: Librn 

Chicago University Library 

ATTN. Dir of Libraries 

ATTN: Dots Processing 

Cincinnati University Library 

ATTN. Llbrn 

Claremont Colleges Libraries 

ATTN: Dot Collection 

Clemson University 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

80 
OTHER (Continued1 

Clevel;;;NPublic Library 

I Dots Collection 

Cleveland State Unlvers1t.y Library 

AITN: Librn 

Coe Library 

ATTN. Dots IIlv 

Colgate University Library 

ATTN. Ref Lib 

Colorado State University Libraries 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Colorado Libraries 

AiTN Dir of Libraries 

Columbia University Library 

ATTN Dots Svc Ctr 

Columbus & Franklin Cty Public Library 

ATTN Gen Ret Div 

Compto;T:;brar)( 

Librn 

ConnecF\;;;t S:;;;nLibrary (Reg) 

University of Connecticut 

ATTN: Gov't of Connecticut 

University of Connecticut 

ATTN. Dir of Libraries 

Cornell University Library 

ATTN. Librn 

CorpusAti;isti State University Library 

. Librn 

Culver City Library 

ATTN Clbrn 

Curry College Library 

ATTN. Librn 

University of North Carolina at Asheville 

ATTN: Librn 

Dallas County Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Dallas Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Dalton Junior College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Dartmouth College 

ATTN: Librn 

Davenport Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Davidson College 

ATTN: Librn 

OTHER 

Dayton & Montgomery City Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Dayton 

ATTN. Librn 

Decatur Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Dekalb Community College So Cpus 

Al-TN' Librn 

Delaware Pauw University 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Delaware 

ATTN: Librn 

Delta College Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Delta State University 

ATTN. Librn 

Denison University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Denver Public Library (Reg) 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Dept of Library & Archives (Reg) 

ATTN: Librn 

Detroit Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Burlington Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Dickinson State College 

ATTN. Librn 

Alabama Agricultural Mechanical University & Co11 

ATTN: Librn 

Drake University 

ATTN: Cowles Library 

Drew Unlverslty 

ATTN: Librn 

Duke University 

ATTN: Pub Dots Dept 

Duluth Public Library 

ATTN- Dots Set 

East Carolina University 

ATTN: Lib Dots Dept 

East Central University 

ATTN: Librn 

East Islip Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

81 
DTHER (Continued) 

East Orange Public Library 

ATTN: U.S. Gov't Depository 

East Tennessee State University Sherrod Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

East Texas State University 

ATTN: Library 

Monmouth County Library Eastern Branch 

ATTN: Librn 

Eastern Illinois University 

ATTN: Librn 

Eastern Kentucky University 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Eastern Michigan University Library 

ATTN: Library 

Eastern Montana College Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Eastern New Mexico University 

ATTN: Librn 

Eastern Oregon College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Eastern Washington University 

ATTN: Librn 

El Paso Public Library 

ATTN: Dots & Geneology Dept 

Elko County Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Elmira College 

ATTN: Librn 

Elon College Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

OTHER (Continued) 

Florida Institute of Technology 

ATTN: Library 

Florida International University Library 

ATTN: Dots Set 

Enoch Pratt Free Library 

ATTN: Dots Oft 

Emory University 

ATTN: Librn 

Evansville & Vanderburgh Cty Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Everett Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Fairleigh Dickinson University 

ATTN: Depository Dept 

Florida A & M University 

ATTN: Librn 

Florida Atlantic University Library 

ATTN: Dlv of Pub Dots 

Florida State Library 

ATTN: Dots Set 

Florida State University 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Florida 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Fond Du Lac Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Ft Hays State University 

Ft Hays Kansas State College 

ATTN: Librn 

Ft Worth Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Free Public Library of Elizabeth 

ATTN: Librn 

Free Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Freeport Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Fresno Cty Free Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Gadsden Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Garden Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Gardner Webb College 

ATTN: Dots Library 

Gary Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Geauga Cty Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Georgetown University Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Room 

Georgi;;;stitute of Technology 

: Librn 

Georgia Southern College 

ATTN: Librn 

Georgia Southwestern College 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Georgia State University Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

82 
DTHER (Continued) _OTHER (Continued) 

University of Georgia 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

Glassboro State College 

ATTN: Librn 

Gleeson Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Graceland College 

ATTN: Librn 

Grand Forks Public City-County Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Grand Rapids Public Library 

ATTN: Dir of Lib 

Greenville County Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Guam RFK Memorial University Library 

ATTN. Fed Depository Co11 

University of Guam 

ATTN: Librn 

Gustavus Adolphus College 

ATTN: Librn 

South Dakota University 

ATTN: Librn 

Hardin-Simmons University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Hartford Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Harvard College Library 

ATTN: Dir of Lib 

Harvard College Library 

ATTN: Serials Ret Div 

University of Hawaii Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Co11 

Hawaii State Library 

ATTN: Fed Dots Unit 

University of Hawaii at Monoa 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

University of Hawaii 

Hilo Campus Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Haydon Burns Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Hennepin County Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots 

Henry Ford Community 

ATTN: Librn 

College Library 

Herbert H. Lehman College 

ATTN: Lib Dots Div 

Hofstra University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Hollins College 

ATTN: Librn 

Hopkinsville Cotnnunity College 

ATTN: Librn 

Wagner College 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Houston Library 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Houston Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Tulane University 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Hoyt Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

humboldt State College 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Library 

Huntington Park Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Hutchinson Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Idaho Public Library & 

ATTN: Librn 

Idaho State Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Idaho State University 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Information Center 

Library 

University of Idaho 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

ATTN: Dots Set 

University of Illinois Library 

ATTN: Dots Set 

Illinobfr;tate Library (Reg) 

: Gov Dots Br 

Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign 

ATTN: P. Watson Dots Lib 

Illinois Valley Coimiunity College 

ATTN: Library 

Illinois State University 

ATTN: Librn 

Indiana State Library (Reg) 

ATTN: Serial Set 

Indiana State University 

ATTN: Dots Library 

83 
GTHER (Continued) _OTHER (Continued) 

Indiana University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Indianapolis Marion County Public Library 

ATTN: Social Science Div 

Iowa State University Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Dept 

Iowa Unlvet-sity Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Dept 

Butler University 

ATTN: Librn 

Isaac Delchdo College 

ATTN Librn 

James Madison University 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Jefferson County Public Library 

Lakewood Regional Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Jersey City State College 

ATTN: F. A. Irwin Library Periodicals 

Dot Set 

Johns Hopkins University 

ATTN: Dots Library 

La Roche College 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Johnson Free Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Kalamazoo Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Kansas City Public Library 

ATTN: Dots Dlv 

Kansas State Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Kansas State University Library 

ATTN. Dots Dept 

University of Kansas 

ATTN: Dir of Library (Reg) 

University of Texas 

ATTN: Lyndon 8. Johnson School of Public 

Affairs Library 

Maine Maritime Academy 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Maine 

ATTN: Librn 

Kent State University Library 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Kentucky Dept of Library & Archives 

ATTN. Dots Set 

University of Kentucky 

ATTN: Gov Pub Dept 

ATTN: DTr of Lib (Reg) 

KenyonAg:lege Library 

: Llbrn 

Lake Forest College 

ATTN: Librn 

Lake Sumter Cotnnunity College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Lakeland Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Lancaster Regional Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Lawrence University 

ATTN. Dots Dept 

Brigham Young University 

ATTN. Dots & Map Set 

Lewis University Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Library and Statutory Dist & Svc 

2 cy ATTN. Librn 

Earlham College 

ATTN. Librn 

Little Rock Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Long Beach Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Los Angeles Public Library 

ATTN. Serials Div U.S. Dots 

Louisiana State University 

ATTN: Gov Dot Dept 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

Louisville Free Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Louisville University Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Hoover Institution 

ATTN: J. Blngham 

84 
OTHER (continued) 

Manchester City Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Mankato State College 

ATTN Gov Pubs 

_OTHER (Continued) 

University of Maine at Farmington 

ATTN Dir of Libraries 

Marathon County Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Principla College 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Maryland 

ATTN. NcKeldln Library Dots DIV 

University of Maryland 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Massachusetts 

ATTN. Gov Dots Co11 

Maui Public Library 

Kahull~l Branch 

ATTN: Librn 

McNeese State University 

ATTN: Librn 

Memphis & Shelby County Public Library & 

Information Center 

ATTN: Librn 

Memohis State UniVWSity 

ATTN: Librn 

Mercer University 

ATTN: Librn 

Mesa County Public 

ATTN: Librn 

Library 

Miami Dade Community College 

ATTN: Librn 

Univer;::; of Miami Library 

: Gov Pubs 

Miami Public Library 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Miami University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

University of Santa Clara 

ATTN: Dots Dlv 

Michigan Stat;i;C;rary 

ATTN: 

Michigan State University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Michigan Tech University 

ATTN: Lib Dots Dept 

University of Michigan 

ATTN: Acq Set Dots Unit 

Mlddlebury College Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Millersville State College 

ATTN. Librn 

State University of New York 

ATTN. Dots Librn 

Milwaukee Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Minneapolis Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Minnesota 

ATTN. Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

Minot State College 

ATTN: Librn 

Mississippi State University 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Mississippi 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Missouri University at Kansas City General 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Missouri Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots 

M.I.T. Libraries 

ATTN: Librn 

Mobile Public Library 

ATTN: Gov Info 

Midwestern University 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Montana State Library 

ATTN: Librn 

DIV 

Montana State University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Montana 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

Montebello Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Moorhead State College 

ATTN: Llbrary 

Mt Prospect Public Library 

ATTN: Gov't Info Ctr 

Murray State University Library 

ATTN; Lib 

85 
DTHER (Continued) 

Nassau Library System 

ATTN: Librn 

Natrona County Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Nebraska Library Community 

Nebraska Public Clearinghouse 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Nebraska at Omaha 

ATTN: Univ Lib Dots 

Nebraska Western College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Nebraska 

ATTN. Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

University of Nebraska Library 

ATTN: Acquisitions Dept 

Univet-gty of Nevada Library 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Dept 

Unlverslty of Nevada at Las Vegas 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

New 

New 

New 

New 

Hampshire University Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Hanover County Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Mexico State'Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Mexico State Unlverslty 

ATTN. Lib Dots DTv 

University of New Mexico 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

University of New Orleans Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Dlv 

New Orleans PublTc Library 

ATTN. Librn 

New York Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

New York State Library 

ATTN: Dots Control Cultural Ed Ctr 

State University of New York at Stony Brook 

ATTN: Main Lib Dots Set 

State Unlverslty of New York Co1 Memorial Lib 

at Cortland 

ATTN: Librn 

State University of New York 

ATTN. Lib Dots Set 

North Texas State University Library 

ATTN. Librn 

_OTHER (Continued) 

State University of New York 

ATTN: Librn 

New York State University 

ATTN: Dots Ctr 

State University of New York 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

New York University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Newark Free Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Newark Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Niagara Falls Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Nicholls State University Library 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library 

ATTN Librn 

Norfolk Public Library 

ATTN: R. Parker 

North Carolina Agricultural & Tech State 

University 

ATTN. Librn 

University of North Carolina at Charlotte 

ATTN. Atkins Lib Dot Dept 

University Library of North Carolina at Greensboro 

ATTN: Librn 

University of North Carolina at Wilmington 

ATTN: Librn 

North Carolina Central University 

ATTN: Librn 

North Carolina State University 

ATTN: Librn 

University of North Carolina 

ATTN: BA SS Dlv Dots 

North Dakota State University Library 

ATTN: Dots Librn 

University of North Dakota 

ATTN: Librn 

North Georgia College 

ATTN: Li brn 

Minnesota Div cf Emergency Svcs 

ATTN: Librn 
_OTHER (Continued) 

Northeast Missouri State University 

ATTN: Librn 

Northeastern Oklahoma State University 

ATTN: Libtn 

Northeastern University 

ATTN: Dodge Library 

Northern Arizona University Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Dept 

Northern Illinois University 

ATTN: Librn 

Northern Michigan University 

ATTN: Dots 

Northern Montana College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Northwestern Michigan College 

ATTN: Librn 

Northwestern State University 

ATTN: Librn 

Northwestern State University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Northwestern University Library 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Dept 

Norwalk Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Northeastern Illinois University 

ATTN: Library 

University of Notre Dame 

ATTN: Dot Ctr 

Oakland Community College 

ATTN: Librn 

Oakland Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Oberlin College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Ocean County College 

ATTN: Librn 

Ohio State Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Ohio State University 

ATTN: Lib Dots Div 

Ohio University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Oklaho;;T~ity University 

: Librn 

Oklahoma City University 

ATTN: Librn 

Library 

Library 

OTHER (Continued) 

Oklahoma Department of Libraries 

ATTN: U.S. Gov Dots 

University of Oklahoma 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Old Dominion University 

ATTN: Dot Dept Univ Lib 

Olivet College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Omaha Public Library Clark Branch 

ATTN: Librn 

Onondaga County Public Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Set 

Oregon State Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Unlverslty of Oregon 

ATTN: Dots Set 

Ouachita Baptist University 

ATTN. Librn 

Pan American University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Passaic Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Queens College 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Pennsylvania State Library 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Set 

Pennsylvania State University 

ATTN: Lib Dot Set 

University of Pennsylvania 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

University of Denver 

ATTN: Penrose Library 

Peoria Public Library 

ATTN: Business, Science & Tech Dept 

Free Library of Philadelphia 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Dept 

Philipsburg Free Public Library 

ATTN: Library 

Phoenix Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Pittsburgh 

ATTN: Dots Office, G8 

Plainfield Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

87 
OTHER (Continued) 

Popular Creek Public Library District 

ATTN: Librn 

Association of Portland Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Portland Public Library 

ATTN. Llbrn 

Portland State University Library 

ATTN Librn 

Pratt Institute Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Louisiana Tech University 

ATTN. Llbrn 

Princeton University Library 

ATTN: Oocs Div 

Providence College 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Providence Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Public Library Cincinnati & Hamilton County 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Public Library of Nashville and Davidson County 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Unlverslty of Puerto Rico 

ATTN: Dot & Maps Room 

Purdue University Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Quinebaug Valley Community College 

ATTN: Librn 

Auburn University 

ATTN: Microforms & Dots Dept 

Rapid City Public Library 

ATTN. Llbrn 

Reading Public Library 

ATTN. Llbrn 

Reed College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Augusta College 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Rhode Island Library 

ATTN Gov Pubs Oft 

University of Rhode Island 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Rice University 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

OTHER (Continued) 

Richland County Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Riverside Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Rochester Library 

ATTN: Dots Set 

University of Rutgers Camden Library 

ATTN: Librn 

State University of Rutgers 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Rutgers University 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

Rutgers University Law Library 

ATTN. Fed Dots Dept 

Salem College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Samford University 

ATTN: Librn 

San Antonio Public Library 

ATTN: Bus Science & Tech Dept 

San Di;gy;NCounty Library 

. C. Jones, Acquisitions 

San Diego Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

San Diego State University Library 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Dept 

San Francisco Public Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Dept 

San Francisco State College 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Co11 

San Jose State College Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

San Luls Obispo City-County Library 

ATTN Librn 

Savannah Public & Effingham Liberty Regional 

Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Scottsbluff Public Llbrarv 

ATTN: Librn 

Scranton Public Llbrarv 

ATTN: Librn 

Seattle Public Library 

ATTN. Ref Dots Asst 

Louisiana College 

ATTN: Librn 

88 
OTHER (Continued) 

Southe;;Tiregon College 

Lxbrary 

Southern University in New Orleans Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Southern Utah State College Lrbrary 

ATTN Oocs Dept. 

Southwest Missouri State College 

ATTN. Library 

University of Southwestern Louisiana Llbranes 

ATTN: Librn 

Southwestern University 

ATTN: Librn 

Spokane Public Library 

ATTN. Ref Dept 

Springfield City Library 

ATTN: Oocs Set 

St Bonaventure University 

ATTN. Librn 

St Joseph Public Library 

ATTN Librn 

St Lawrence University 

ATTN. Librn 

St Louis Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

St Paul Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Stanford University Library 

ATTN Gov Dots Dept 

State Historical Sot Library 

ATTN Dots Serials Set 

State Library of Massachusetts 

ATTN Librn 

State University of New York 

ATTN: Librn 

Stetson University 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Steubenville 

ATTN Librn 

Stockton & San Joaquin Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Stockton State College Ltbrary 

ATTN. Librn 

Albion College 

ATTN. Gov Dots Librn 

SHER (Continued) 

Selby Public Library 

ATTN Librn 

Shawnee Library System 

ATTN Librn 

Shreve Memorial Library 

ATTN. Librn 

Silas Bronson Public Library 

ATTN. Librn 

SIOUX City Public Library 

ATTN Librn 

Skidmore College 

ATTN: Librn 

Slippery Rock State College Library 

ATTN Librn 

South Carolina State Library 

ATTN Librn 

University of South Carolina 

ATTN. Librn 

Univers-ity of South Carolina 

ATTN Gov oocs 

South Dakota School of Mines & Technical Library 

ATTN Librn 

South Dakota State Library 

ATTN. Fed Dots Dept 

University of South Dakota 

ATTN Dots Librn 

South Florida Unlverslty Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Southeast Missouri State University 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Southeastern Massachusetts University Library 

ATTN. Dots Set 

University of Southern Alabama 

ATTN: Librn 

Southern California University Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Southern Connecticut State College 

ATTN: Library 

Southern Illinois University 

ATTN: Llbrn 

Southern Ill?nols Unlverslty 

ATTN. Oocs Ctr 

Southern Methodist Unlverslty 

ATTN. Librn 

University of Southern MlsslsSl!Jpl 

ATTN: Library 

89 
_OTHER (continued) 

Superior Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Swarthmo;; College Library 

: Ref Oept 

Syracuse University Library 

ATTN. Oocs Oiv 

Tacoma Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Hillsborough County Public Library at Tampa 

ATT6 Librn 

Temple University 

ATTN: Ltbrn 

Tennessee Technological University 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Tennessee 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

College of Idaho 

ATTN: Librn 

Texas A & M University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Texas at Arlington 

ATTN: Library Oocs 

University of Texas at San Antonlo 

ATTN: Library 

Texas Christian University 

ATTN: Librn 

Texas State Library 

ATTN: U.S. Dots Set 

Texas Tech University Library 

ATTN: Gov Oocs Oept 

Texas University at Austin 

ATTN: OOCS Co11 

University of Toledo Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Toledo Public Library 

ATTN. Social Science Dept 

Torrance Civic Center Library 

ATTN: Librc 

Traverse City Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Trenton Free Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Trinity College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Trinity University Library 

ATTN: oocs co11 

QTHER (Continued)_ 

Tufts University Library 

ATTN. Dots Dept 

University of Tulsa 

ATTN. Cibrn 

UCLA Research Library 

ATTN: Pub Affairs Svc/U.S. Dots 

Uniformed Services University of the Health 

Sciences 

ATTN: LRC Library 

University Libraries 

ATTN: Dir of Lib 

University of Maine at Oreno 

ATTN: Llbrn 

University of Northern Iowa 

ATTN. Library 

Upper Iowa College 

ATTN: Dots co11 

Utah State University 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Utah 

ATTN. Special Collections 

University of Utah 

ATTN. Dir of Libraries 

ATTN: Dept of Pharmacology 

Utica Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Valencia Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Valparaiso University 

ATTN: Librn 

Vanderbilt University Library 

ATTN: GOV Dots Set 

University of Vermont 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Virginia Commonwealth University 

ATTN: Librn 

Virginia Military Institute 

ATTN: Librn 

Virginia Polytechnic Institute Library 

ATTN. Dots Oept 

Virginia State Library 

ATTN. Serials Set 

University of Virginia 

ATTN: Pub Oocs 

Volusia County Public Library 

ATTN: Llbrn 

90 
OTHER (Continued1 

WashIngton State Library 

ATTN: Dots Set 

Washington State University 

ATTN: Lib Dots Set 

Washington University Libraries 

ATTN: Dir of Lib 

University of Washington 

ATTN. Dots Div 

Wayne State University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Wayne State University Law Library 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Weber State College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Wesleyan University 

ATTN: Dots Librn 

West Chester State College 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

West Covina Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of West Florida 

ATTN: Librn 

West Hills Cormunity College 

ATTN: Library 

West Texas State University 

ATTN: Library 

West Virginia College of Grad Studies Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of West Virginia 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries (Reg) 

Westerly Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Western Carolina University 

ATTN: Librn 

Western Illinois University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Western Washington University 

ATTN: Librn 

Western Wyoming Community College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Westmoreland City Community College 

ATTN: Learning Resource Ctr 

DTHER (Continued) 

Whitman College 

ATTN: Librn 

Wichita State University Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Williams & Mary College 

ATTN: Dots Dept 

Emporia Kansas State College 

ATTN: Gov Dots Div 

William College Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Wtllimantic Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Winthrop College 

ATTN: oocs Dept 

University of Wisconsin at Whitewater 

ATTN: Gov Dots Lib 

University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee 

ATTN: Lib Dots 

University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Wisconsin at Platteville 

ATTN: Dot Unit Lib 

University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point 

ATTN: Dots Set 

University of Wisconsin 

ATTN: Gov Pubs Dept 

University of Wisconsin 

ATTN: Acquisitions Dept 

Worcester Public Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Wright State University Library 

ATTN: Gov Dots Librn 

Wyoming State Library 

ATTN: Librn 

University of Wyoming 

ATTN: Dots Div 

Yale University 

ATTN: Dir of Libraries 

Yeshiva University 

ATTN: Librn 

Yuma City County Library 

ATTN: Librn 

Simon Schwab Mem Lib, Columbus co1 

ATTN: Librn 

91 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS 

Advanced Research & Applications Corp 

ATTN. H. Lee 

JAYCOR 

ATTN: A. Nelson 

10 cy ATTN: Health & Environment Div 

Kaman Tempo 

ATTN: DASIAC 

ATTN: E. Martin 

Kaman Tempo 

ATTN: R. Mil'ler 

Science Applications, Inc 

JRB Associates Div 

10 cy ATTN: L. Novotney 

4 cy ATTN: J. Massie 

4 cy ATTN: M. Wilkinson 

4 Cy ATTN: S. Rohrer 

4 cy ATTN: R. Shepanek 

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRA?TORS (Continued) 

Kaman Tempo 

ATTN: C. Jones 

National Academy of Sciences 

ATTN: C. Robinette 

ATTN: Med Follow-up Agency 

ATTN: Nat Mat Advisory Bd 

Pacific-Sierra Research Corp 

ATTfl: H. Brode, Chairman SAGE 

Science Applications, Inc 

ATTN. Tech Lib 

R & D Associates 

ATTN: P. Haas 

92