DNA-TR-84-13 

ANALYSIS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE, THIRD 

MARINE CORPS PROVISIONAL ATOMIC 

EXERCISE BRIGADE 

Exercise Desert Rock VI, Operation Teapot 

Science Applications, Inc 

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\ 15 February 1984 

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ANALYSIS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE, THIRD MARINE /Technical Report 

CORPS PROVISIONAL ATOMIC EXERCISE BRIGADE 

Exercise Desert Rock VI, Ooeration - I TeaDot 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 

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Shot Bee Nuclear Test Personnel Review (NTPR 

Radiation Exposure Assessment Exercise Desert Rock VI 

Third Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Brigade (3d MCPAEB) 

20 ABSTRACT rcirnrinus an reverse s#de I! necessary and idsnrrfy by block numbert 

The radiation dose is reconstructed for 3d MCPAEB personnel participating in 

Fexercises involving helicopter lifted assaults in conjunction with Shot Bee of 

Operation Teapot, Exercise Desert Rock VI. Brigade personnel were exposed to 

initial radiation while in trenches at the time of the Shot Bee detonation. 

They were also exposed to residual radiation from an earlier test shot (Shot 

Turk) during their subsequent maneuvers and to residual radiation from Shot Bee 

during an inspection of equipment displays. The calculated total gamma doses to 

the bulk of the participating troops range from about 0.57-0.85 rem. . 

DD I:::;3 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 55 IS OBSOLETE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page Section 

2 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

3 LIST OF TABLES 

5 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 

8 2 OPERATIONS 

3 2.1 Shot Data 

3 2.2 Participants 

2.3 Concept of Operations 9 

2.4 Pre-Shot Operations 14 

15 2.5 Shot Scenario 

2.6 Post-Shot Activities 18

INITIAL RADIATION 19

3.1 Computational Method 19 

3.2 Results 23 

RESIDUAL RADIATION 24 

4.1 Radiological Safety and Radiation Measurernents 24 

4.2 Exposure to Residual Gamma Radiation 26 

5 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND TOTAL DOSE 

DETERMINATION 32 

5.1 Uncertainties in Initial Radiation Dose 32

5.2 Uncertainties in Residual Radiation Dose 33 

5.3 Total Mean Dose Summary 36 

6 DOSIMETRY 38 

REFERENCES 41 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

Figure Page 

1 Operation TEAPOT, Selected Shot Locations 6 

Shot TURK Residual Radiation (mr/hr) @ H + 1 and 

2 General Plan of the 3d NlCPAEB Exercise 

at Shot BEE 11 

Shot BEE Neutron Dose 21 

Shot BEE Initial Gamma Dose 22 

3d MCPAEB Exercise Areas 27 

6 Shot BEE Residual Radiation (mr/hr) @ I-l + 1 and 

Route of Troops Through Display Area 29 

2 
LIST OF TABLES 

Table Page 

1 Planned Troop Activities, 3d MCPAEB, Shot BEE 12,13 

2 Calculated Residual Radiation Doses for the 

3d MCPAEB 31 

3 Dose Summary for the 3d MCPAEB 37 

4 Summary of Dosimetry Records of the 3d MCPAEB 39 

Section I 

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 

This report presents an analysis of nuclear radiation exposure for personnel of 

the Third ilarine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Brigade (3d MCPAEB) during their 

participation in Exercise Desert Rock VI (Operation Teapot) at the Nevada Test Site in 

the spring of 1955. The exercise, controlled by command and staff elements of the 3d 

MCPAEB, took place over a period of two weeks. During this period, the marines 

trained, rehearsed, observed the nuclear burst designated Shot BEE, conducted postshot maneuvers, and viewed the effects of the burst on typical rnilitary equiprnent. 

The activities of the brigade are examined for the two weeks spent at Camp 

Desert Rock in Larch 1955. Although there was general participation in only Shot BEE 

the residual radiation from pertinent previous bursts in Operation Teapot is also 

examined to determine the total dose contribution to the marines during all of their 

activities. Figure 1 shows the location of the ground zero (CZ) of Shot BEE and the 

other pertinent shots in the Teapot Series. Time-dependent position information is 

determined and presented in order that a complete exposure analysis can be 

performed. External dose is reconstructed and the associated uncertainties are 

identified and calculated. 

Several documents are available from which to reconstruct events, times, and 

activities in sufficient detail to facilitate meaningful analysis. The principal doculnents used for this report are F.!eferences I through 4. They describe the planned and 

actual operations for the maneuver elements and related activities of other units, such 

as the troop observers for Exercise Desert Rock VI. Collectively, these documents 

present an essentially complete picture of the 3d rMCPAEB activities. They are 

supplemented by military judgement for some of the unstated details necessary for 

exposure analysis. 

As indicated in Section 2 of this report, the marine brigade operations conducted 

at Shot BEE were quite complex. However, with the exception of the post-rnaneuver 

walk-through and inspection of the display area, they were all conducted at distances 

greater than 3.5 iniles (5.6 kilometers) to the west or south of the 8 kiloton detonation. 

5 
I PISS 

I 0 

I 

I 

T_ 0 

HORNET 

INEVADA 

I 

News Nob 

Contra I Point 

TEST 

I 

I 

SITE \ I 

L 

4

-l 

ml I es 

Camp Desert Rock 

Figure 1. Operation TLVOT, Sclectcd Sllot Locations 

6 
The surveys show that, except for the area within 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) of GZ, the 

residual radiation pattern was predominately to the east. Therefore, the main brigade 

activities involved no calculable level of exposure to Shot BEE residual radiation. The 

post-maneuver inspection of the display area by the bulk of the 3d MCPAEB did 

involve some exposure to residual radiation at the display lines nearest to ground zero. 

The combination of data from the periodic post-shot radiological surveys and the radsafe data reported by the marines and by other Desert Rock VI participants proved 

sufficient for a satisfactory reconstruction of the dose to all of the major elements of 

the marine brigade. Reasonable bounding constraints on the troop activities and the 

radiological environment forrn the basis for an uncertainty analysis. 

Important data for this exercise include detailed film badge dosirnetry records. 

Although film badges were not issued to all participating personnel, dose records for 

about 25 percent of the 3d MCPAEB are available. These data are used to verify the 

calculations as well as sorne of the details of brigade activities. 

Major findings of this report are: 

0 The radiation exposure to troops of the 3d MCPAEB was due almost 

entirely to residual radiation from Shot BEE and was primarily incurred 

during inspections of the exhibits on the display lines closest to GZ.. 

0 The calculated gamma dose for the bulk of the maneuver troops is 

+0.35 0.57_o.27 rem. This cornpares favorably with film badge records for about 

25 percent of the brigade personnel which show an average film badge dose 

of 0.41 rem for the maneuver troops. There are seven film badge readings 

of higher doses (0.65 - 0.87 rem). These correlate with the range of the 

observer doses in the records. These readings may be representative of a 

contingent of the 3d MCPAEB Camp Detachment that accompanied the 

observers at Shot BEE. 

Brigade elements began departing Camp Desert Rock on 23 March. The main 

elements of the brigade arrived at their home bases in California on 25 March, with 

the Camp Detachment returning on 31 March. 

7 
Section 2 

OPERATIONS 

Shot BEE was the sixth in a series of fifteen nuclear weapon test shots 

comprising Operation TEAPOT at the Nevada Test Site during the spring of 1955. A 

military exercise involving the 36 MCPAEB was conducted in conjunction with Shot 

BEE. This exercise was part of Exercise Desert Rock VI, the overall designation for 

rnilitary exercises conducted during Operation Teapot. 

2.1 SHOT DATA (References 3, 4) 

Date/Time: 22 March 1955, 0505 hours, Pacific Standard Time 

Location: 

Yield: 

Area T-7 

(Figure l-1) 

8 kilotons 

(la); Nevada Test Site, UTM Coordinates 867056 

Height of Burst: 500 feet (steel tower) 

2.2 PARTICIPANTS 

The troops participating in the Shot BEE exercise consisted of the 3d MCPAEB. 

The brigade, formed for the purpose of conducting the U.S. Marine Corps portion of 

Exercise Desert Rock VI, comprised 299 officers and 1972 enlisted men (total 2271 

personnel) organized as follows (Reference 3): 

3d Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Brigade 

Headquarters and Service Company (H&S Co), MCTU #l 

Headquarters and Service Company (H&S Co), 1st Battalion 

Marine Camp Detachment, Camp Desert Rock 

1st Battalion (Reinforced) 

Company A 

Company B 

Company C 

Company D 
75 mm Recoilless Gun Platoon 

4.2” ‘Llortar Platoon 

75 rnrn Pack Howitzer Battery 

Llarine Air Group 36 (MAC-361 units 

H&MS 36 

HMR 362, 363 

Marine Air Group 15 (MAC - 15) units 

VMA 223, 224, 323 

VMF(N) 542 

varine Air Support Squadron 3 (MASS-31 

3rigade Helicopter Support Unit (HSU) 

For the exercise, all elernents were based at Camp Desert Rock, Nevada except 

MAC-15 (432 personnel), which was based at the IJarine Corps Auxiliary Air Station 

(KAAS), Mojave, California. Direct participation of MAG-15 consisted of twentyfour F9F aircraft in sirnulated close air support strikes in the area of troop operations 

as part of the exercise. The Marine Corps Camp Detachment, which operated the 

Llat-ine Corps facilities at Camp Desert Rock, consisted of 162 personnel. Of these, 

142 participated in the actual Shot BEE exercise (essentially ar observers). Thus, total 

direct participation is estirnated at IS43 personnel: 

3rd MCPAER 2271 

less LI/IG-15 

~111s 24 F9F 

less 20 (162-

personnel 

pilots from 

142) froJn 

MAC-15 

Camp Det. 

-432 

+24 

-20 

Direct Participants 1843 

Reference 4 indicates that the planned nurnber of U.S. ‘Ilarine Corps participants 

at Shot BEE was 1950. 

2.3 CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS 

The details of the exercise plan for the 3d MCPAEB are discussed in References 

1 and 3. The basic concept of these troop exercises conducted in conjunction with 

9 
Shot BEE was to conduct a coordinated air-ground (close air support/helicopter 

assault) exercise against a set of objectives immediately following, and simulating 

exploitation of the initial effects of, the employment of a nuclear weapon by friendly 

forces. However, due to radiological safety considerations, the actual operations 

would be conducted at distances considerably removed from the actual shot area. 

Figure 2 indicates the general plan of the exercise. Table 1 indicates the planned 

cornposition and activities of the various “serials” into which the brigade was 

organized for the exercise. The bulk of the exercise troops would observe the shot 

from Loading Zones 1, 2, and 3 (simulated aircraft carriers), 6 to 12 miles (IO to 19 

kilometers) to the south and southwest of GZ. They would then be lifted by 

helicopters to designated Landing Zones A and B about 7 miles (1 I kilometers) to the 

west of GZ and in the vicinity of tactical objectives NAN and SUGAR. Upon landing, 

the rnarines .would forrn up and conduct simulated ground assaults on these objectives. 

They would be supported by timely close air support strikes by lnarine aircraft and by 

direct organic artillery fire. Upon seizure of their initial objectives, a contingent of 

the troops (2nd Plat, Co A) would make a helicopter airlift/ground assault on Objective 

WILLIAAI nearby. This movement would be accompanied by an air delivery of supplies 

to the ground troops occupying the newly-seized objective area by four R4Q aircraft 

from the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) at El Toro, California. 

A contingent of 563 troops would observe the shot from trenches 3500 yards 

(3200 meters) southwest of GZ. They would then march south to Loading Zones 4 and 

5 and be lifted by helicopters to Landing Zones A and B to join in the assault on 

objectives NAN and SUGAR. 

The various helicopter lifts involved in these maneuvers were designated as 

Phases X-RAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA, as indicated in Figure 2. 

On completion of these exercises, the marine assault troops would be trucked 

frorn the exercise area to the vicinity of the Shot BEZ display area for a walk-through 

tour of the displays, viewing the effects of the detonation on the equipment. They 

would then entruck for the return trip to Camp Desert Rock. 

10 
---- 

L_ , 

- IjJ / :-

i 

&- - ONE WAY HELO FLIGHT 

C-ROUND TRIP HELO FLIGHT 

i 

Figure 2. General Plan of the 3d McPAEB Exercise at Shot BEE 

11 

7 
Table 1. Planned Troop Activities, 3d MCPAEB, Shot BEE 

SERIAL COMPOSITION 

1. H&S Co 

MAC-36 

MASS-3 

2. Co 8, 1st Plat 

co c, 1st Plat 

2 Radiac Teams 

HSU 

MAG-36 

3. H&S Co 

Co B (less 1st Plat) 

HSU 

MAC-36 

[Medical Personnel 

4. H&S Co 

Co C (less 1st Plat) 

75 mm R.G. Plat 

4.2” Mortar Plat 

75 mm Pack Howitzer 

HSU 

MAC-36 

Medical Personnel 

Btry 

5. H&S Co 

Co A (1st & 2nd Plat) 

Co D (1st & 2nd Plat) 

75 mm Pack Howitzer 

HSU 

MAG-36 

Btry 

ACTIVITIES 

PRE-SHOT POST-SHOT 

On D-l, occupy Conduct operation 

Command Posts from Command Posts. 

(sirnulated ships). 

On D-l, Proceed to Helicopter lift to 

Loading Zone 1; Landing Zone A. 

bivouac overnight, Commence assault 

witness Shot BEE on Objective NAN. 

from this location. Helicopters proceed 

to loading Zones 2 

and 3. 

On D-l, Proceed to iielic0pte.r lift to 

Loading Zone 2; Landing Zone A. 

bivouac overnight, Commence assault 

witness Shot BEE on Objective NAN. 

from this location. 

On D-l, Proceed to Helicopter lift to 

Loading Zone 3; Landing Zone B. 

bivouac overnight, Commence assault 

witness Shot BEE on Objective 

from this location. SUGAR. 

On D-Day at about When directed, leave 

H-3 hrs. proceed from trenches, march 

Camp Desert Rock to south on Mercury 

trench area (3500 Highway to Loading 

yards SW of GZ). Zone 4 for helicopter 

Witness Shot BEE lift to Landing Zone 

from trenches. A. Join assault on 

Objective NAN. 

12 
Table 1. (continued) 

SERIAL COMPOSITION ACTIVITIES 

PRE-SHOT POST-SHOT 

6. H&S Co On D-Day at about When directed, 

Co A, 3rd Plat H-3 hrs, proceed fro:n leave trenches, 

Co D, 3rd Plat Camp Desert Rock to march south on 

75 mm R.G. Plat trench area (3500 yds Mecury Highway to 

4.2” mortar Plat SW of GZ). Witness Loading Zone 5 for 

MAC-36 Shot BEE from Helicopter lift to 

trenches. Landing Zone B. 

Join assault on 

Objective SUGAR. 

Observers and On D-Day, arrive at When released, 

Camp Detachment trenches at about pr.oceed to display 

Personnel H-30 minutes. area to tour and 

Witness Shot BEE observe effects. 

from trenches. Return to Camp 

Desert Rock (See 

Reference 8). 

Co A, 2nd Plat N/A OnD+ 1, 

helicopter lift 

from Landing Zone 

A to Landing Zone 

C for assault on 

Objective WILLIAZl 

(actually occurred 

on D-Day, see 

Section 2-5). 

All exercise troops N/A On D+ 1, entruck at 

Landing Zone A to 

display area to tour 

and observe effects. 

On completion, 

return to Camp 

Desert Rock 

(actually occurred 

on D-Day, See 

Section 2-5). 

13 
-- 

-- 

-- 

2.4 PRESHOT OPERATIONS 

The 3d UCPAEB was formed at Camp Pendleton, California. The various units 

proceeded to Camp Desert Rock by airlift and surface convoys, arriving over the 

period 25 February (Camp Detachment) to 11 March 1955. These movements were 

tilned to ;neet an 18 ‘&arch ready date for Shot BEE. The shot was postponed twice 

before D-day was confirmed for 22 March. 

Training and pre-shot rehearsal exercises, sorne of which were conducted in the 

forward area, included the following: 

0 12 March. A small number of Brigade personnel, principally officers, 

observed the detonation of Shot HORNET. Except for those test shots at 

which observers were designated (in which case the locations and 

procedures were as indicated in Reference 61, the normal location for 

observing test shots was at News Nob (about Ii kilometers south of Shot 

HORNET). Since Reference 4 does not indicate that there were any 

observers designated for Shot HORNET, it is assumed that they observed 

the shot from News Nob and that they received no measurable dose of 

radiation from this activity. 

0 15 March. -- Observers inspected the pre-shot condition of the equipment set 

up in the display area, three days before the planned shot date of 18 Varch. 

There are no indications that any 3d MCPAEB personnel took part in this 

activity. 

0 16 March. A one-hour radiological safety orientation was given to all 

troops by an officer frorn the exercise staff. 

0 17 March. A rehearsal of the tactical portion of the exercise was 

conducted in the forward test area. The reference ir,dicates that the 

rehearsal proved to be valuable in checking out tirne and space factors as 

well as wind and dust conditions at the loading and landing zones. The 

14 
rehearsal likely included all of the planned helicopter troop lifts fro:n the 

five loading zones (1 through 5) to the two initial landing zones (A and 0) 

and the subsequent airlift from Landing Zone A to Landing Zone C. 

0 19 March -- A second rehearsal was conducted in the exercise area to verify 

achievement of the desired degree of air coordination. This rehearsal 

involved only six close support aircraft, four helicopters, and appropriate 

communications personnel. 

2.5 SHOT SCENARIO 

Actual troop movements for Shot BEE began on 21 March (D-l) with the 

departure of Serials 1 thru 4 from Camp Desert Rock to their planned initial positions 

(See Table 1) in the exercise area. Although most of this troop movement was 

accomplished by ground vehicle convoys, some of the troops destined for Loading Zone 

1 were airlifted by helicopter. Details of the various troop movements are contained 

in Reference 3. 

Serial 1 personnel departed Camp Desert Rock at approximately 1300 hours on 

21 Uarch (D-l) destined for their command post areas near Loading Zone 2 (Figure 2). 

Serials 2, 3, and 4 departed camp shortly afterwards, and all had arrived at their 

respective initial positions (Loading Zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively) by 1500 hours on 

D-l. Thirty helicopters, carrying the remaining troops, departed Camp Desert Rock 

at approximately 1430 hours on D-l and flew directly to Loading Zone 1, where they 

remained for the shot the following morning. All of the troops in Serials 1 through 4 (a 

total of 931 personnel) were in their positions by 1800 hours on D-l, 21 Varch. This 

marked the first time that the Atomic Energy Commission permitted encampment by 

troops in the forward area on the night preceding a shot. 

At 0219 hours on 22 March, Serials 5 and 6 totalling 565 personnel, along with 

142 lnarines from the Camp Detachment, departed Camp Desert Rock by ground 

vehicles. They arrived at the trench area 3500 yards (3200 meters) southwest of the 

shot tower (see Figure 2) at about 0330 hours. 

15 
The entrenched troops were given an orientation by the Deputy Exercise 

Director of Desert Rock VI on the sequence of procedures and safety precautions to be 

observed during the period immediately preceding and following the detonation. 

Brigade troops elsewhere in the test site were at sufficient distances that they were 

not required to be in trenches. These troops were instructed to face away frown GZ, 

sit on the ground, and shield their eyes. At approximately three seconds after the 

detonation they were allowed to stand and face the shot area to observe the rising 

fireball. 

Permission to begin the tactical exercise was granted at 0510 hours, five minutes 

after the shot. As indicated in Reference 3, the maneuver then proceeded as planned 

(Table 1 and Figure 2). Exceptions, detailed in the reference, are indicated in the 

following summary. 

Two helicopters, each bearing a two-man radiological rnonitor team, departed 

Loading Zone 1 at 0512 hours and arrived at Landing Zones A and B eight minutes 

later. The main elements of Serial 2 then commenced Phase X-RAY, with the first 

troop lift departing Loading Zone 1 at 0515 hours (Figure 2). While these troops were 

enroute to Landing Zones A and B, the monitor teams landed, conducted their surveys, 

and reported that the two landing zones were radiologically safe. Thus the scheduled 

troop lift proceded without delay. It is estimated that Phase X-RAY was cpmpleted 

by 0545 hours (H + 40 min). 

The second phase (YOKE-I) commenced immediately after completion of Phase 

X-RAY. This consisted of helicopter lift of Serial 3 from Loading Zone 2 to Landing 

Zone A and Serial 4 from Loading Zone 3 to Landing Zone B. This phase was 

completed at 0630 hours. 

While assault phases X-RAY and YOKE-l were in progress, the 565 assault 

troops of Serials 5 and 6, who had witnessed the detonation frorn the trenches, were 

marching down Mercury Highway to Loading Zones 4 and 5, approxirnately 2 miles (3 

kilometers) farther south (Figure 2). They arrived at their respective loading zones 

and were ready for ernbarkation by the tirne assault phase YOKE-I was completed. 

16 
Assault phase ZEBRA consisted of airlifting these troops from Loading Zones 4 and 5 

to Landing Zones A and B, respectively. It is estimated that phase ZEBRA was 

completed at approximately 0800 hours. 

Upon completion of phase ZEBRA, the helicopters began assault phase YOKE-II. 

This phase consisted of helicopter movement of the few remaining troops in Serials 3 

and 4, plus weapons, equiprnent and supplies from Loading Zones 2 and 3 to Landing 

Zones A and B, respectively. With the execution of assault phase YOKE-II, the entire 

airlift plan was completed at 0900 hours. All assault elements (approximately 1100 

personnel) and equiprnent had been lifted to Landing Zones A or B and the rifle 

companies had begun maneuvering towards their objectives. The helicopter lifts had 

been completed Inore than an hour earlier than the estimated tirne. Reference 3 

indicates that this was prirnarily due to the alrnost total availability of the helicopters. 

Planned tirnes had been based on an estimated helicopter availability of 80 percent. 

When the shot date was set, the troop maneuver had been planned for 

approximately 30-36 hours, with troops to depart the exercise area at 1430 hours on 

D+l, 23 March. However, during the execution of the D-day landing plan, it was 

learned that another shot (ESS) had been tentatively scheduled for 23 Varch. It 

therefore appeared that the troops might not be perrnitted to remain in the exercise 

area during the night of 22-23 March and conduct the scheduled events on 23 March. It 

was decided to take advantage of the additional time made available by the 

accelerated execution of the landing plan and execute all of the exercise events during 

the remaining morning and afternoon hours of 22 March. 

At 0955 hours, while rnost of the assault troops were moving to seize Objectives 

NAN and SUGAR, helicopter assault phase WILLIAM (originally scheduled for D+l) was 

executed. This consisted of rnovernent of one reinforced rifle platoon (2nd P!at, Co A) 

by helicopter from Landing Zone A to Landing Zone C (Figure 2). Upon reaching the 

landing zone, the assault platoon moved out to seize Objective WILLIAM. Meanwhile, 

the R4Q aircraft that were scheduled to make the air drop of simulated supplies in 

support of the assault on Objective WILLIAM on D+l had been contacted at MCAS El 

Toro. Arrangements were rnade to conduct the resupply rnission as early as possible. 

17 
The four aircraft arrived at 1330 hours and completed the air drop at 1358 hours. With 

the air drop executed and all objectives seized, the exercise was terminated at 1500 

hours on D-day. 

Upon completion of the exercise, all maneuver troops (Serials 2-6) reported to a 

predesignated sssernbly area at Landing Zone A, where vehicle convoys then transported them to the equipment/material display area, about six miles (9.6 kilometers) 

to the east. Personnel from the command post area (Serial 1) departed at the same 

time and were transported directly to the display area. Reference 3 indicates that the 

time of arrival at the display area for all personnel was approximately 1530 hours and 

that the troops spent approximately two hours viewing the damaged equipment. They 

then re-boarded their vehicles and departed for the trip back to Camp Desert Rock, 

where they all arrived by 2000 hours, 22 March. Troop movements in the display area 

are reconstructed in Section 4 in the development of estimates of troop exposure to 

residual radiation. 

2.6 POST-SHOT ACTIVITIES 

As indicated in Reference 4, on 23 March, 1955, six officers and three (possibly 

four) enlisted men (none identified) from the 3rd MCPAEB observed the detonation of 

Shot ESS, an underground burst in Area 10 (coordinates 549138). The observer position 

for this shot was in the open in Area 2 (coordinates 773104) near the TURK ground 

zero, 9000 yards (5200 meters) from the shot. This activity resulted in a small 

exposure to the residual radiation from Shot TURK, detonated 16 days before. The 

resultant dose is calculated in Reference 6. After the shot at 1230 hours, the 

observers returned to Carnp Desert Rock. 

Brigade elernents began departing Camp Desert Rock on 23 March. The main 

elements of the brigade arrived at their home bases in California on 25 Varch, with 

the Camp Detachment returning on 31 rvlarch. 

18 
Section 3 

INITIAL RADIATION 

As indicated in Section 2, Serials 5 and 6 (568 personnel) and 142 personnel frorn 

the Camp Detachment were positioned (along with the 525 observers) in the trenches 

located 3500 yards (3200 meters) to the southwest of GZ when Shot BEE was 

detonated. All other 3d IMCPAEB participants in the Shot BEE exercise were 

positioned at distances of at least seven miles (11 kilometers) from GZ and were well 

beyond the range of measurable initial radiation. Because the 710 marines in the 

trenches were colocated with the observers, they were exposed to the same initial 

radiation levels and received appproximately the same radiation dose as the observers. 

Reference 6 provides the calculation of initial radiation dose for the observers in 

trenches at Shot BEE. This discussion is limited to brief highlights frown the reference. 

3.1 COMPUTATIONAL METHOD 

Because the troops were located in trenches at the time of detonation, the 

calculation of the initial radiation dose is accomplished in two steps. First, the freefield radiation environment above the. trenches is determined. This environment is 

then used to calculate the radiation doses to personnel in the trenches. 

In the first step, the neutron and gamma radiation environment is determined 

from radiation transport codes ATR4 (Reference 7) and ATR4.1 (Reference 8). The 

neutron and neutron-induced gamma radiation are sensitive to the hydrogen (water) 

content of the soil (Reference 9). Hence, ATR 4, which contains provisions to apply 

appropriate local soil corrections for this factor, is used for these calculations. 

Neither fission product gamma nor prompt* gamma radiation are sensitive to hydrogen 

in the soil. Therefore, ATR 4.1, which uses a West German soil type but contains 

improved source-energy dependent ground correction factors, is used for the gamma 

calculations. 

A required input to the ATR codes is the weapon neutron output spectrum, which 

is estimated by the rnethod described in Reference 8. This spectrum is used in ATR4 to 

*Defined as from the fission reaction. 

19 
calculate the neutron dose as a function of range. Figure 3 shows the results of the 

neutron dose calculations. 

The calculated gamma dose agrees well with the measured dose in the range 

1000-2000 yards. However, the measured gamma data for Shot BEE display a rather 

abrupt change in slope at approximately 2000 yards, as shown in Figure 4. The ATR 

calculations are unable to duplicate this behavior. Because the ATR gamma doses are 

consistently lower than the measured doses at ranges beyond this change in slope, a 

high-sided estimate of dose at the trench location is obtained by extrapolation from 

measured data. Individual gamma dose components (prompt, secondary, and debris 

gamma) are then estimated by increasing the ATR-predicted component doses 

proportionally to agree with the extrapolated total dose. 

The second step of the calculation uses the free-field radiation environment to 

determine the dose within the trench. It is convenient to define a trench factor as the 

ratio of dose (neutron or gamma) in the trench to dose (neutron or gamma) above the 

trench. These factors must be calculated for each of the major components of 

radiation--neutron, secondary gamma (created by neutron capture or inelastic 

scattering in the atrnosphere and ground), local gamma (created locally by neutron 

capture in the trench walls), and fission product (debris) gamma. It is found that the 

trench factors depend also on ground range, height of burst, weapon yield, trench 

dimensions, and depth in the trench. For Shot BEE, the troops were in trenches 

approximately two feet wide and five feet deep. The in-trench free-field neutron and 

gamma doses are calculated at a depth of 2.33 feet below the lip of the trench, which 

corresponds approximately to the mid-torso depth for personnel in a crouched position. 

For personnel standing upright in the trench, as probably occurred soon after passage 

of the shock wave, free-field doses are calculated at a point 0.5 feet below the lip at 

the mid-trench position; this corresponds approximately to the location of chest-worn 

film badges for standing personnel. 

The in-trench dose (in rads) is converted to an equivalent tissue dose (in rem) 

using the quality factors and methods prescribed in Reference 12. It is found that the 

“effective” quality factor for this rad-to-rem conversion for neutrons is I3 for the 

ranges of interest. The quality factor for gamma radiation is taken to be unity. The 

factors that are used to convert the in-trench free-field doses to filrn badge 

20 
10'0, 

Measuremc ts 

I 

Calculate from 

ATR 

log_ t 

;_ 

t 

108_ c 

xl'_ 

IO6 1 7-Y 

\ 

10k: 

104. 

0 

L

--i IO 2000 31 0 '4 10 

Slant Range (yards) 

Figure 3. Shot BEE Neutron Dose 

21 
0 Meas r*ed 

a - - Calc !

1ated (A-‘F

\ 

0 

0 , _ Extr Fjolated "r'om

.

.. nleasurem er Its L ;

04 Y 

[ 

08- 1

.

.

.. 1 .

B 

7 I 

lO(

i

)C 20'OC 

Slant Range (yards) 

Figure 4. Shot BEE Initial Camma Dose 

22 
(chestworn) readings were developed from calculations utilizing the adjoint mode of 

the computer code MORSE (Reference 11). These film badge conversion factors are 

strongly dependent on the posture and orientation of the personnel in the trench; rnean 

values of these parameters were determined from MORSE calculations involving 

extrelne variations in individual posture and orientation. The “dose equivalent in 

trench” values reported for Shot BEE in Reference 6 are the equivalent tissue dose for 

neutron radiation and the film badge dose for gamma radiation. 

3.2 RESULTS 

As indicated in Reference 6, neutron fluence measurements for Shot BEE were 

taken from References 12 and 13, corrected by the factors in Reference 14, and 

converted to dose. The ATR fit to these doses is displayed in Figure 3. The measured 

gamrna doses (from Reference 15>, the ATR gamma dose curve, and the extrapolation 

from measured data are shown in Figure 4. The gamma dose obtained by extrapolation 

is 95 percent higher than the ATR-calculated dose at the trench location (3500 yards 

from ground zero). This higher value is used as the dose estimate. 

The results of the dose calculations of initial radiation at the trench location are 

sumrnarized from Reference 6 as follows: 

Prompt 

Gamma 

Secondary 

Gamma 

Debris 

Gamma 

Local 

Gamma 

TOTAL 

GAMXlA NEUTRON 

Tissue 

Trench 

Dose above 

(mrad) 10 235 85 330 3 

Trench Factor .03 -015 .19 .O%** .25 

Film badge Conversion Factor .46 .53 .7 

Dose Equivalent in 

Trench (mrem) cl* 2* 16” <I” 18” 10 

*Film Badge Dose. 

**Applied to neutron dose above trench. 

23 
Section 4 

RESIDUAL RADIATION 

Residual gamma doses are reconstructed for each of the elements of the brigade. 

Detailed time/position information is combined with the residual radiation field 

constructed by a computerized methodology described in Reference 6. This 

methodology combines gamma intensity data fro&n all radiation surveys after the shot 

to construct the gamma environment within confidence limits. Doses can then be 

determined for any specified time/position scenario. 

Film badge dose estimates rnust reflect the presence of the human body in the 

measured radiological environment. Despite the penetrating ability of gamma rays 

from fission and activation products, the body affords sorne shielding; hence, the 

gamma dose to any organ depends on the geometry of the radiation source and the 

body position. In order to represent reconstructed film badge readings, gamma doses 

are calculated for the surface of the chest, where a film badge is normally worn. The 

calculated film badge dose is derived from the integrated free-field gamma intensity 

through the conversion factor I R-0.7 rem as used in previous reports (e.g., 

Reference 6). 

Because of the lirnited data concerning the specific details of troop activities, 

estirnates are required for rates of rnovements and the stay times at various display 

lines. Rates of rnovement are as described in or inferred from the operation plan 

(Reference I), allowing for inertial aspects of large groups. For example, it is 

assumed that in the post-shot tour of the equipment display, a reasonable set of 

parameters (consistent with the reported tirnes and the necessity to complete the 

walk-through before dark) is 70 yds/min walking speed and 5 minutes stay tirne at each 

equiprnent display grouping encountered. Additional assumptions are noted as 

required. 

4.1 RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY AND RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 

The 3d Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Drigade operated under the 

standard radiological safety, monitoring, and decontamination procedures established 

for Desert Rock VI participants except that brigade personnel had a major role in rad24 
safe activities. As indicated in Reference 1, this included issue and control of film 

badges, the provision of monitor teams for the exercise area activities, and decontamination of troops, vehicles, and equipment. Specifics included: 

The maximum permissible dose established for Marine Corps personnel at 

Exercise Desert Rock VI would be 6 rem, of which no more than 3 rem 

could be initial radiation. While there is no specific statement of 

maximum intensities of radiation levels, it is assurned that the 5 R/hr limit 

for observers specified in Reference 4 also applied to the exercise troops. 

0 

0 Two monitoring teams from the 1st Battalion would be embarked in 

helicopters that would precede by three minutes the initial lift of troops 

from Loading Zone I. They would accomplish the initial monitoring at 

Landing Zones A and B before arrival of the initial troop lifts. 

0 An emergency monitor team ‘would be located in Loading Zone 2. This 

team would accomplish the initial monitoring in the event that the two 

assigned monitor teams failed to reach Landing Zones A and B. In this 

event, all other airborne helicopters would orbit until this team could be 

lifted to accomplish the monitoring mission before the initial wave of 

assault troops would be landed. 

0 Monitoring teams would accompany the assault force to Objectives NAN, 

SUGAR, and WILLIAM and, upon seizure of those objectives, conduct a 

complete area survey, reporting results to the brigade headquarters. 

Desert Rock rad-safe personnel provided their usual service of surveying the 

area of operations. This included provision of six mobile teams from Camp Desert 

Rock to conduct the necessary rnonitoring survey in the trench and display area and 

control of the movement of personnel through the display area. There is no indication 

of the specific film badge issuance policy. However as Section 6 of this report 

indicates, badges were issued to at least 25 percent of the brigade personnel. 

25 
4.2 EXPOSURE TO RESIDUAL GAMMA RADIATION 

The pre-shot and post-shot activities of the 3d MCPAEB in Exercise Desert Rock 

VI involved exposure to two residual radiation fields as follows: 

1. The rehearsal on 17 March and the post-shot maneuvers on 22 March, which 

were conducted in an area in the downwind vicinity of Shot TURK (43 

kilotons detonated on 7 March). 

2. The inspection of the equipment displays located 500 to 2800 yards 

southwest of the Shot BEE GZ involving exposure to the residual radiation 

field of Shot BEE. 

For the purpose of assessing exposure to residual radiation there are two 

principal subgroups of the Marine Brigade; Serials 1 through 6 and the 142 personnel 

from the Camp Detachment. As Reference 3 indicates, the Camp Detachment 

personnel duplicated the pre- and post-shot activities of the observers and were not 

otherwise involved in the exercise. Their residual radiation dose is the 0.83 rem 

calculated for the observers in Reference 6. 

The residual radiation doses of the maneuver personnel (Serials 1 through 6) 

resulted from three exposures as follows: 

17 March rehearsal (residual radiation from Shot TURK) 

22 ‘Llarch exercises (residual radiation from Shot TURK) 

22 March post-shot tour of displays (residual radiation from Shot BEE). 

Figure 5 shows the computer reconstruction of the residual radiation field 

from Shot TURK at H+l hour on 7 March. The dashed extensions of the radiation 

contours are derived from several initial survey readings from Reference 5 normalized 

to the H+l hour readings as indicated in the figure. The bulk of the rehearsal and 

exercise activities took place in areas of residual radiation activities which at H+l, 

t -1.2 were between 10 and 100 mr/hr. Applying the standard decay rate to 100 mr/hr 

results in an estilnated intensity at the time of the rehearsal of 0.14 mr/hr. Reference 

3 does not provide specific times of the rehearsal, but indicates that it was a full scale 

26 
*k c 1 ‘: i _I 

1 . 

. T 

-

-- 7-

- --e!-==== ~.m---r i . I - c/ “I _. __~_ . -_ 

.L, , -. -_

\au.-----_ ____~-____ c_.._ ---.-L’f -- --.,, -.-I ’ -, = -- ‘i. -.-_ \ ‘-_ ‘1 t fJ=-

-~ ---L --‘, 

27 
rehearsal. It is therefore estimated that the marines were in the area for a period of 

about five hours. This results in an exposure of 0.07 mr and a film badge dose 

(lR-+ 0.7 rern) of 0.5 mrem for the rehearsal. 

Reference 3 indicates that on 22 rvlarch, troops began to arrive at Landing Zones 

A and D and commenced maneuvers at about 0630. All maneuver troops arrived in the 

area by 0900. Upon termination of the exercise at 1500, all of these troops entrucked 

and departed for their tour of the display area of Shot BEE, thus, they were in this 

area for 6 to 3% hours. By this tirne the intensity of the residual radiation from Shot 

TURK over most of the exercise areas had decayed to a level of 0.09 mr/hr. Thus the 

exercising troops were exposed to 0.75 mr which would result in a film badge dose of 

about 0.5 mrem. Therefore, the residual radiation doses from Shot TURK at both the 

rehearsal on 17 March and the exercises on 22 ,Varch are negligible. 

The third and most significant exposure to residual radiation of the 3d MCPAEB 

troops occurred during their inspection tour of the Shot BEE equipment display area. 

The dashed curves (from Reference 5) in Figure 6 indicate the contours of residual 

radiation from the shot at H+l. The dotted loop through the display area indicates the 

estimated walk-through route of the troops. The nurnbers 1 through 5 indicate the 

various display line positions. 

The maneuver was terrninated at 1500 hours (Reference 31, and the troops were 

then assembled, entrucked and moved to the vicinity of the trenches. From this point 

they toured the display area on foot to observe the effects of the shot on the various 

displays. This dose reconstruction is based on an estirnate that this was completed at 

about 1750 hours, at which tirne the troops reembarked aboard the vehicles for their 

return, all arriving at Camp Desert Rock by 2000 hours on 22 Varch. The completion 

of the maneuvers at 1500 followed by assembly, entrucking, vehicle travel of 

approximately 6 miles, detrucking and completing their walking tour of the display 

area by about 1750 hours implies a somewhat shorter time devoted to the tour than the 

two hours of the earlier tour by the observers (Reference 6) and Camp Detachment 

personnel. Conversely, completion of the tour, entrucking and returning to Camp 

Desert Rock at 2000 may irnply a somewhat slower than usual return trip to camp. 

There are, however, indications of a strong motivation to complete at least the 

walking tour before darkness (acceleration of the schedule as indicated in Section 2.5). 

28 
-t-t 

Y 

87 88: 

lil I I ? “; -

I6 Figure 6. 

Shot BEE Residual Radiation 

at H+l hr (mr/hr) and 

Route of Troops (.....) 

Through Display Area 

0 1000 ._.__^

YAKUS

0 1000 

KETFm 

29 
By considering the above, the itinerary of the inspection of the display by the 

marines is reconstructed as follows: 

The marines detrucked, formed up and began their tour from a position in 

the open area in front of the trenches (about 3200 yards--2900 meters--

southwest of CZ) by 1600 hours. 

0 

0 They toured at a walking speed of 70 yards per minute (2.4 mph), followed 

the route indicated in Figure 6, stayed about 5 minutes at each of a total 

of 7 display positions (positions I and 2 each had two display lines), and 

remained outside of the hardtop area while viewing the displays in 

Positions 1 and 2. 

0 They completed their tour, having walked more than 5000 yards, as they 

passed the Position 5 displays (2800 yards southwest of CZ) at about 1750 

hours. 

The above itinerary permits the troops to view all of the displays since the 

maximum intensity encountered is calculated to have been 3.86 R/hr at Position 1, 

about 525 yards from CZ, below the 5 R/hr intensity lirnit specified for troops in the 

Desert Rock VI exercises. The calculated film badge dose is 540 mrem. 

Table 2 summarizes the calculated residual radiation doses for the two subgroups 

of the #Marine Brigade. The table does not include the unidentified personnel (6 

officers and 3 or 4 enlisted men) who observed Shot ESS (see Section 2.6). The dose 

for this activity was calculated in Reference 6 as 43 mrem. 

30 
Table 2. Calculated Residual Radiation Doses for the M MCPAEB 

Maneuver Troops Camp Detachment Group 

(Serials 1 through 6) (142 personnel) 

17 March Rehearsal 

Residual radiation < 1.0 

from TURK 

22 March Exercise 

Residual radiation (1.0 

from TURK 

22 March 

(H+0.5 to H+2.5 hrs) 830 

Residual radiation in 

display area (Shot BEE) 

22 March 

(H+ll to H+l3 hrs) 540 

Residual radiation in 

display area (Shot BEE) 

TOTALS 540 mrem 830 mrem 

31 
Section 5 

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND TOTAL DOSE DETERMINATION 

The sources of error in the calculation of initial and residual radiation doses are 

examined in order to estimate the uncertainty in the total dose for each of the major 

groupings of the brigade. As indicated in Sections 3 and 4, the initial radiation doses 

received by the 710 marines who were in the trenches at shot time were very small 

compared to the residual radiation doses that they and the bulk of the brigade received 

as a result of the post-shot walk through of the Shot BEE display area. Reference 6 

provides a detailed uncertainty analysis for the troop observers at Shot BEE. As 

Section 3 of this report indicates, the 710 brigade troops received the same initial 

radiation dose. The uncertainties in their initial radiation dose are also the same. 

Accordingly the analysis of uncertainties in initial radiation dose is lirnited to brief 

highlights from Reference 6. Emphasis is on the uncertainties in the residual radiation 

doses received by the personnel of the 3d MCPAEB. All error factors are expressed in 

terms of 90-percent confidence limits. 

5.1 UNCERTAINTIES IN INITIAL RADIATION DOSE 

5.1.1 Neutron Dose 

The sources of error in the calculation of neutron dose include: (1) uncertainties 

in doses derived from foil measurements, (2) uncertainties in neutron output spectra of 

the nuclear device, (3) errors associated with the use of the ATR4 code to extrapolate 

beyond the range of rneasured data, and (4) errors in relating above-trench dose to intrench dose equivalent. Details of the derivation of each of these error factors are in 

Reference 6. For Shot BEE the neutron dose error factors are as follows: 

Source of uncertainty Error factor 

Foil measurernents 1.25 

Spectral uncertainty 1.15 

ATR4 extrapolation 1.15 

Above-trench to in-trench 1.25 

32 
The distribution of neutron dose levels is log normal so the combined error factor 

for the neutron dose from Shot BEE is calculated by summing the squares of the logs 

of the component error factors and then computing the antilog of the square root of 

the sum. The resultant combined error factor is 1.45. 

5.1.2 Initial Gamma Dose 

Sources of error in the calculation of initial gamma dose include: (1) uncertainty 

in experimental filrn badge readings, (2) extrapolation/interpolation techniques to 

determine dose at the trench location, (3) errors in relating above-trench dose to intrench dose, (4) uncertainty in converting in-trench dose to film badge reading for 

personnel in a fixed position, and (5) uncertainty in personnel reorientation (i.e., 

standing up) in the trench. While the other sources of error are systematic, the latter 

two uncertainties provide an indication of the spread in film badge readings expected 

due to the various orientational factors. Again, details of the derivation of these error 

factors are in Reference 6. For Shot BEE the initial gamma dose error factors are as 

follows: 

Source of uncertainty Error Fat tor 

Experimental data 1.4 

Extrapofation/interpoIation 1.5 

Trench factor 1.2 

Trench posture 1.5 

Standup Time 1.2 

The combined error factor for the initial gamma dose from Shot BEE, calculated 

in the same manner as the neutron dose, is 2.1. 

5.2 UNCERTAINTIES IN RESIDUAL RADIATION DOSE 

The uncertainty in calculated residual radiation doses arise from two basic 

sources: (1) gamma radiation environment, and (2) the space-time scenarios of troop 

movements. The 90-percent confidence lirnits in the gamma intensity, including the 

33 
uncertainty in the decay parameter, are provided by the automated procedure 

described in Reference 6. Parametric studies using the automated procedure are made 

to determine the influence of scenario variations on personnel dose. As indicated in 

Section 4, there are four exposures to residual radiation to be considered: 

Event Group 

17 May - Rehearsal Serials 1 through 6 

(Residual radiation from Shot TURK) 

22 May - Post-shot maneuvers Serials 1 through 6 

(Residual radiation from Shot TURK) 

22 May (H+O.5 to H+2.5 hrs) 142 personnel from Camp Detachment 

Walk-through in company with observers 

(Residual radiation from Shot BEE) 

22 May (H+I 1 to H+13 hrs) Serials I through 6 

Walk-through of display area 

(Residual radiation from Shot BEE) 

As indicated in Section 4.2, the doses received from exposure to the Shot TURK 

residual radiation field were negligible. The following discussion develops the uncertainties associated with the exposure of the Camp Detachment personnel to residual 

radiation from Shot BEE and the later exposure of Serials 1 through 6 to residual 

radiation from Shot BEE. 

5.2.1 Camp Detachment Personnel at Shot BEE 

These personnel accompanied the observers on their post-shot walk-through of 

the display area. Therefore their exposures to residual radiation and the uncertainties 

in exposure levels are the same as those calculated for the observers in Reference 6. 

Because the innermost display stretched from 500 to 700 yards from Gi!, the 142 

Camp Detachment personnel would have been able to view some equipment at the 5 

R/nr line for all intensity fields within the confidence limits. The only influence of the 

uncertainty in intensity is with regard to the walking time required to reach the 5 R/hr 

line. This could have varied 23 minutes, and probably would have been reflected in the 

34 
time spent at the 5 R/hr line. With regard to time alone, a 25 minutes perturbation to 

the starting time of the walk-through is assumed. Thus, the confidence limits on 

intensity imply a dose of 3302180 mrem; those on time irnply 8302300 mrem. The 

overall 90-percent confidence limits are approximately 8302350 mrem. 

5.2.2 Residual Radiation from Shot BEE 

The post-shot inspection of the display area for Shot BEE by the bulk of the 3d 

MCPAEB personnel (Serials 1 through 6) took place during a period about 11 to 13 

hours after the shot. As indicated in Section 4, the calculated film badge dose which 

they received from this activity is 540 mrem. There are two types of uncertainty in 

the calculation; the uncertainty in intensity of the residual radiation encountered and 

the uncertainty in the estimated time of exposure. 

There are three forms of variation in regards to the estimated times of exposure. 

The time of starting the walk-through of- the display area is estimated to be 1600 

hours. This could vary by as much as 215 minutes within the overall time bounds of 

completion of the exercises at 1500 and completing the walk through in daylight hours. 

In this time period the decay rate of the residual radiation in the display area was 

quite small and over this half hour of time spread the difference in film badge dose is 

calculated to be + 16 mrem. 

A more significant contribution to uncertainties is the actual times spent at each 

of the display lines. At the time of the walk-through radiation intensities exceeding 

10 mr/hr existed only at the two closest positions (I and 2) within 1100 yards of CZ. 

The estimate of 5 minute stay times at display positions is uncertain to within a factor 

of 2, that is +5_2.5 minutes. This would result in 90 percent confidence bounds of +299 _15o 

mrem. 

A third variation in exposure times results from uncertainties in the walking 

speed of 70 yds/min through the display area, assumed in Section 4 to be motivated by 

the necessity to complete the walk-through before dark. It is unlikely that this large 

group (about 1700 marines) would have maintained a higher walking speed, but a 

35 
somewhat slower tour at 60 yds/rnin is not unreasonable. The result of this reduced 

speed would be to add about 13 minutes to the total walking time in the display area 

and thereby to add a one-sided upper confidence bound of +43 mrern to the residual 

radiation dose. 

In summary the uncertainties due to times are: 

starting times, + 15 minutes, + 16 mrern 

+5 +299 stay times, minutes, mrem -2.5 -150 

walking speed, 70-60 ydsfmin +43 mrem 

The combined uncertainties due to tilnes irnply a dose of 540 ‘f,“,’ mrem. 

The uncertainties due to gatnma intensity are provided by the computerized 

reconstruction of the walk-through. This reconstruction indicates that the maximum 

intensity encountered was 3.86 R/hr with an error factor of about 1.5 in this close-in 

area. The upper bound on the intensity is truncated to the maximum permissible rate 

of 5 R/hr (Section 4.1). If such intensities were encountered before reaching the 

displays closest to C Z this would have precluded close viewing of these displays. The 

small perturbations in the actual itinerary which might have resulted are not 

considered. This results in uncertainties in the implied dose due to the 90 percent 

confidence bounds on intensity of 540 +230 

-180 mrem. 

Combining the uncertainties due to intensities with those due to tirnes for the 

walk #through produces overall confidence limits around a best estimate of approxi-

+380 rnately 540 _235 mrem. Since this distribution is approximately log norrnal the 

+350 calculated rnean film badge dose is slightly higher with confidence limits of 570 _265 

mrem. 

5.3 TOTAL MEAN DOSE SUMMARY 

The reconstr<Jcted neutron and gamma doses for the various elements of the 3d 

JICPAEB at Shot BEE are presented in Table 3. From the best-estimate doses of 

36 
Sections 3 and 4, and the error distribution of this section, the mean neutron and 

gamma doses for each of the three groups of marines are calculated. These are 

presented in the table with estimated 90-percent confidence limits. The neutron dose 

would not have been recorded by film badges and is not combined with the gamma 

doses. The total gamma dose is the mean reconstructed film badge dose. 

Table 3. Dose Summary for the 3d MCPAEB 

Principle Exercise Neutron Initial Gamma Residual Gamma Total Gamma 

Element Dose (rem) Dose (rem) Dose (rem) Dose (rem)* 

Serials 

1 through 4 0 0 0 57+0.35 

. - 0.27 

+0.35 

o’57-O.27 

Serials +0.018 +0.35 +0.35

o 010+o.005 5 through 6 . 0*020-0.0 11 o*57-0.27 o*59-O.27 -0.003 

142 Personnel 

from Camp +0.005 +O.O 18 Detachment 0.020 0.8320.35 0.85LO.35 O-O 10-o.003 -0.011 

*Reconstructed mean film badge dose, neutron dose not included 

37 
Section 6 

DOSIMETRY 

A listing of 2258 U.S. %larine Corps participants in Exercise Desert Rock VI 

(Operation Teapot), obtained frorn Headquarters, USMC, identifies 2116 personnel as 

members of the various specific units of the 3d MCPAEB (24 others are unidentified). 

This perrnits comparison with the table of brigade composition in Section 2.2 as 

follows: 

Section 2.2 USMC List 

3d MCPAEB 227 I 2116 

Less MAC-15 personnel -432 Less all MAC-15 personnel -317 

(at MCAAS, Mojave, CA) listed 

plus 24 F9F pilots 

from MAC-15 +24 Plus 23 LMAG-15 personnel +23 

less Camp Det. personnel -20 listed with film badge readings -- _--

Direct Participation 1843 1822 

The listing is therefore an essentially complete record of 1822 of the 1843 

members of the 3d MCPAEB who were active participants in the Marine -brigade 

exercise at Shot BEE. There are 460 of these personnel for whom film badge readings 

are indicated. Since they are listed by specific unit assignments, this 25% sarnple 

provides a sufficient basis for the detailed and separate breakdowns shown in Table 4 

for the rifle companies (Co A through D) and for the other units of the brigade. 

As the table shows, this subdivision indicates a much narrower spread of readings 

for the rifle companies then that of the other units. This is reasonable because the 

activities of very few, if any, mernbers of a rifle company would vary significantly 

from those of the company as a whole. In fact, 214 of the 218 badge records for the 

rifle companies (excluding three readings of zero and one of 690 mrem> are all 

between 300 and 500 mrern. As indicated in the table, this results in a mean reading 

of 414 rnrem for these personnel. 

38 
-- 

Table 4. Summary of Dosimetry Records of the 3d MCPAEB 

Rifle Companies 

# PERSONNEL il/ WITH BADGE AVERAGE 

UNIT LISTED READINGS DOSE (mrem) 

co. A 176 67 409 

co. I3 170 71 423 

co. c 176 0 

co. D 178 80 405 

Totals 700 z? 

Mean Film Badge Reading of Rifle Companies 410 mrem 

Mean Film Badge Reading of 214 personnel excluding 

three outliers of zero and one of 690mrem 414 mrem 

Others 

# PERSONNEL # WITH BADGE AVERAGE 

UNIT LISTED READINGS DOSE (mrem) 

H&S Co. 724 + 151+ 281 

75 mm Pack 91 36 27% 

How Btry 

MAC-36 

H&MS-36 77 0 _-

HMR 362, 363 164 13 290 

MAC-15 

VMA 223, 224, 313** 19 231 

323 

VMF(N) 542 4 4 35 

MASS-3 42 --227 

Totals 1415 

Average Film Badge Reading 261 mrem 

Average of 125 Readings between 300 and 500 mrem 406 mrem 

_____-- * May include members of the 75 mm Recoilless Gun Platoon, 4.2:’ Mortar 

Platoon, and the Brigade Helicopter Support Unit, which were units of the 3d 

,MCPAEB but are not separately identified in the listing. 

t* Except for 24 pilots, this unit was not at Desert Rock and did not actively 

participate in Shot BEE. 

39 
The readings closely approximate a normal distribution around this mean with a 

standard deviation of 48 mrem. Note, however, that there are no badge readings for 

company C. Since there are no indications of any variations from the exercise 

activities described in Section 2, it is concluded that the film badge doses for 

Company C personnel are within the sarne range as those of the other three line 

companies. 

The data shown in the table for the other units includes a much larger range of 

variation. This is as expected since other units, such as the Headquarters and Support 

Company, had a variety of other assignments (e.g., transportation supply, 

communications) which would result in activities and exposures significantly different 

from those of the rifle companies. The distribution of these film badge readings is, in 

fact, bimodal with a cluster of 75 readings between 0 and 50 mrem and another of 125 

readings between 300 and 500 mrem. Of the remaining 41, there are 29 scattered 

between 50 and 300 mrem and 7 above 500 mrem. The five highest readings are for 

three officers and two sergeants from MAG-15, all with readings of 870 mrern, which 

correlate closely with the 830 + 350 mrem for observers at Shot BEE (Reference 6). 

The 125 film badge readings between 300 and 500 mrem are approximately normally 

distributed around a mean of 406 mrem which compares closely with the average of 

414 mrem for the line companies. It is concluded that these are representative of the 

Inelnbers of this group who were assigned to Serials 1 through 6 (Table 2-l) and whose 

activities and exposures were therefore the same as the rifle companies. 

Thus, there is reasonable correlation of the calculated total doses of 

570 1;;: mrem for Serials I through 4 and 590 I,‘,‘: mrem for Serials 5 and 6 with the 

dosilnetry records which show a rnean film badge reading of the line companies of 4 14 

mrem as well as an average film badge reading of 406 mrem for an additional 125 

rnernbers of other brigade units. The large spread of film badge readings of the 

reinaining 116 filrn badge records of the 3d MCPAEB are probably due to the variety 

of individual assignments, activities, and exposures involved. 

40 
References 

1. “Third Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Brigade (3d MCPAEB) Operation Plan l-55,” Camp Pendleton, California, U. S. Marine Corps, 23 February 

1955. 

2. “Operation Order No. 6, Desert Rock VI,” Headquarters Exercise Desert Rock VI, 

Nevada, 19 March 1955. 

3. “Report of Exercise Desert Rock VI - Marine Corps, March 55,” 3d MCPAEB, 

undated. 

4. “Exercise Desert Rock VI, Fina’l Report of Operations,” Headquarters Exercise 

Desert Rock VI, Las Vegas, Nevada, 23 May 1955. 

5. “Operation TEAPOT, Nevada Test Site, February-May 1955, Radiological 

Safety,” WT-II 16 Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, Field Command 

Sandia Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

6. “Analysis of Radiation Exposure for Troop Observers, Exercise Desert Rock VI, 

Operation Teapot,” DNA 5354F, Defense Nuclear Agency, 15 July 1980. 

7. “Version 4 of ATR (Air Transport of Radiation),” DNA 3995, Defense Nuclear 

Agency, January 1976. 

8. “Energy Dependent Air/Ground Correction Factors for the ATR (Air Transport of 

Radiation) Code,” NRL Report No. 345, U.S. Army Ballistic Reserarch Laboratory, August 1977. 

41 
9. “Radiation Environments from Tactical Nuclear Weapons,” DNA 4268F, Defense 

Nuclear Agency, July 1976. 

10. “Protection Against Neutron Radiation,” NCRP Report No. 38, January 1971. 

11. “The MORSE Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Code System,” ORNL-4972, Oak 

Ridge National Laboratory, February 1975. 

12. “Neutron Flux Measurements,” Project 2.2, Operation Teapot, Field Command, 

AFSWP (unpublished). 

13. “Physical Measurements of Neutron and Gamma Radiation Dose from High 

Neutron Yield Weapons and Correlation of Dose with Biological Effects,” Civil 

Effects Test Group (unpublished). 

14. “External Neutron Measurements,” 1952 through 1958, U.S. Army Chemical 

Warfare Laboratory (unpublished). 

15. “Initial Gamma Data from Nuclear Weapon Tests,” 1948-1962, U.S. Army 

Nuclear Defense Laboratory (unpublished). 

42 
DlXI'RIBUTIONLIST 

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

Aimed Forces Institute of Pathology 

ATTN: Radiation Pathology Br 

ATTN: Director 

Armed Forces Radiobioloov Rsch Institute 

ATTN: Director _-

ATTN: Scientific Dir 

ATTN: Dep Dir 

ATTN: Tech Lib 

Asst Set of Def, Manpower Installations 

ATTN: ASD, MI&L 

Asst Set of Def, Health Affairs 

ATTN: ASD, HA 

Asst Set of Def, Public Affairs 

ATTN: ASD, PA 

Asst to the Set of Def, Atomic Energy 

ATTN: Lt Co1 Riggs . 

Defense Nuclear Agency 

ATTN: Director 

ATTN: PA0 

ATTN: GC 

5 cys ATTN: STBE 

54 cys ATTN: STTI-CA 

Defense Tech Info Ctr 

12 cys ATTN: DD 

Dep Under Set of Def for Rsch & Engrg 

ATTN: DUSDRE, Rsch & Adv Tech 

Dep Asst Set of Def, Energy, Envir & Safety 

ATTN: DASD, EE&S 

Field Command, DNA, Det 1 

Lawrence Livermore National Lab 

ATTN: FC-1 

Field Command, DNA, Det 2 

Los Alamos National Lab/DST 

ATTN: MS-635, FC-2 

Field Cormland, Defense Nuclear Agency 

ATTN: FCPR 

ATTN: FCL 

ATTN: FCTXE, Maj Evinrude 

ATTN: FCTXEATTN: FCTT, W. Summa 

2 cys ATTN: FCLS 

Interservice Nut Wpns School 

ATTN: TTV 

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 

Dept of the Army 

5 cys ATTN: DAAG-AMR, ANTPR 

Harry Diamond Laboratories 

ATTN: DELHD-TA-L, 81100 

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (Continued) 

Oft of the Ch of Staff, Dept of the Army 

ATTN: DACS-DMZ-A, T. Green 

US Army Ballistic Research Labs 

ATTN: DRDAR-BLV-R, J. Maloney 

US Army Medical Rsch & Dev Cmd 

ATTN: SGRD-SD 

US Army Nuclear & Chem Agency 

ATTN: MONA-ZB, C. Davidson 

Walter Reed Atmy Medical Center 

ATTN: Library 

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY 

Bureau of Medicine & Surgery 

ATTN: NM&S-O9 

ATTN: NM&S-O0 

ATTN: NM&S-3C22 

National Naval Medical Center 

ATTN: Med Lib 

ATTN: Dept of Radiology 

Naval Medical Rsch Institute 

ATTN: Tech Ref Lib 

Naval Ocean Systems Center 

ATTN: Research Library 

Naval Sea Systems Command 

ATTN: SEA-08, M. Miles 

Naval Surface Weapons Center 

ATTN: Code F31, D. Levine 

Naval Weapons Evaluation Facility 

ATTN: G. Binns 

Navy Nuclear Test Personnel Review 

5 cys ATTN: W. Loeffler 

Oft of the Dep Ch of Naval Ops 

ATTN: NOP 098, VADM Monroe 

ATTN: NOP 0455, CDR Bell 

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

Aerospace Medical Div 

ATTN: Library, SCL-4 

Air Force Institute of Technology, Air University 

ATTN: ENP, J. Bridgeman 

ATTN: Library 

Air Force Nuclear Test Personnel Review 

4 cys ATTN: Co1 Gibbons 

Air Force Weapons Laboratory 

ATTN: NT 

ATTN: SUL 

ATTN: DYT 

43 
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE(Continued) 

Air University Library 

ATTN: AUL-LSE 

HQ US Air Force 

ATTN: M. Chesney 

US Air Force Occupational & Env Health Lab 

ATTN: CC 

4 cys ATTN: TSNTPR 

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 

Department of Energy 

Albuquerque Operations Office 

ATTN: R. Cuddihy 

Deptartment of Energy 

Human Health & Assessments Div, EV-31 

ATTN: Tech Info Ctr, E-201 

ATTN: W. Burr, EV-2 

ATTN: C. Edington, EV-31 

ATTN: J. Whitnah, EV-50 

ATTN: J. Blair, EV-32 

ATTN: N. Barr, EV-32 

ATTN: H. Hollister, EV-4 

ATTN: J. Thiesen, EV-32 

Department of Enerclv 

Nevada Operations office 

ATTN: Health Physics Div 

RTTN: C. Cl'Neal~ 

ATTN: 6. Church 

ATTN: Public Affairs 

Department of Energy 

Oft of Military Application, GTN 

ATTN: OMA, C. Morris 

ATTN: OMA, DP-22 

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 

Cancer Center 

ATTN: NIH, A. Knudson 

Denter for Diseas Control, US Public Health SVC 

ATTN: K. Choi 

ATTN: Consolidated Surveillance 

2 cys ATTN: G. Caldwell 

Central Intel1 Agency 

ATTN: Oft of Medical Svcs 

Consumer Product Safety Conmission 

ATTN: P. Pruess 

ATTN: M. Bloom 

Dept of Agriculture, BARC-West 

ATTN: R. Jarrett 

Dept of Agriculture 

ATTN: M. Carter 

Dept of Coimierce 

ATTN: J. Hubell 

ATTN: C. Kuyatt 

Dept of Health 6 Human Svcs 

ATTN: Oft of Regulation Review 

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued) ____~__--_____-_ 

Dept of Health & Human Svcs 

ATTN: R. Murphy 

Dept of Labor 

ATTN: 5. Weiner 

Dept. of Transportation 

ATTN: H. Reighard 

Dept of Health & Human Svcs 

ATTN: J. Villforth, HFX-1 

ATTN: G. Johnson, HFX-4 

ATTN: C. Silverman, HFX-1Dl 

Environmental Protection Agency 

ATTN: N. Nelson, ANR-460 

ATTN: D. Rosendaum, ANR-458 

ATTN: W. Mills, ANR-460 

ATTN: W. Ellett, ANR-460 

Environmental Protection Agency 

ATTN: T. Thorslund, RD-689 

ATTN: P. Magno 

Environmental Protection Agency 

ATTN: J. Knelson 

Fed Emergency Mgmt Agency 

ATTN: Asst Assoc Dir for Rsch, J. Kerr 

ATTN: Oft of Rsch/NP, D. Bensen 

ATTN: C. Siebentritt 

Library of Congress 

ATTN: Science & Tech Div 

NASA 

ATTN: M/S SB-3, G. Soffen 

ATTN: M/S SBR-3, P. Rambaut 

National Cancer Institute 

ATTN: G. Beebe 

ATTN: R. Miller 

ATTN: 0. Nyguard 

ATTN: J. Rall 

ATTN: S. Stever 

ATTN: V. Zeve 

ATTN: J. Murray 

ATTN: M. Knipmayer 

ATTN: E. Stonehill 

National Cancer Institute 

ATTN: A. Rabson 

ATTN: J. Wyngarden 

ATTN: D. Pistenmaa 

National Cancer Institute 

ATTN: kl. Blott 

ATTN: J. Fraumeni 

ATTN: C. Land 

National Cancer Institute 

ATTN: J. Gart 

fjational Institute for Occupational Safety & Health 

ATTN: W. Murray 

National Institutes of Health 

ATTN: Library, Rcq Unit 
OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Contine) -~-----

National Library of Medicine 

ATTN: Library 

National Science Foundation 

ATTN: Kin-Ping Wong 

ATTN: P. Harrlman 

Nat1 Heart, Lung & Blood Institute 

ATTN: W. Zukel 

Oft of Tech Assessment 

ATTN: P. Sharfman 

Oft on Smoking & Health 

ATTN: J. Pinney 

US Senate 

ATTN: J. Curtiss 

US House of Reps 

ATTN: M. Fleming 

ATTN: F. Stover 

ATTN: C. Graves 

ATTN: R. Wilson 

ATTN: C. Moore 

ATTN: J. McDonnell 

ATTN: R. Shultz 

ATTN: C. Wright 

US House of Reps 

ATTN: Subcommittee on Health & Envir 

US House of Reps 

ATTN: Subcommittee on Mil Per & Camp 

US Nut Regulatory Commission 

Attention R. Whipp for 

ATTN: F. Arsenault 

ATTN: w. Mills 

ATTN: R. Minogue 

US Public Health Service 

ATTN: Library 

US Public Health Service Hospital 

ATTN: T. Robertson 

US Public Health Service Hospital 

ATTN: E. Nishimura 

US Senate 

ATTN: C. Cowart 

US Senate 

ATTN: S. Ulm, Senate COtid 

US Senate 

ATTN: W. Brew 

ATTN: T. Harvey 

ATTN: J. Susman 

ATTN: S. Wallace 

ATTN: V. Raymond 

ATTN: K. Burdick 

Veterans Admin Medical Center 

ATTN: K. Lee 

Veterans Admin Medical Center 

ATTN: D. McGregor 

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued) 

Veterans Admin Medical Center 

ATTN: C. Tessmer 

Veterans Admin Wadsworth Hospital Ctr 

ATTN: T. Makinodan 

Veterans Administration 

ATTN: L. Hobson 

ATTN: J. Smith 

ATTN: J Donsbach 

2 cys ATTN: 0. Starbuck 

The White House 

ATTN: Oft of Policv Dev. DP 

FOREIGN AGENCIES 

Canadian Embassy 

ATTN: Library 

EDF-RETN 1 

ATTN: Library 

Indian Council of Medical 

ATTN: A. Taskar 

Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study 

ATTN: G. Glober 

Maurice Delpla 

ATTN: M. Delpla 

McGill University 

ATTN: R. O'Seasohn 

Presidente Umberto Colombo 

ATTN: Library 

Univ of Puerto Rico Sch of Medicine 

ATTN: Library 

United Kinqdom Scientific Mission 

ATTN: Military Liaison for D. Fakley 

2 cys ATTN: Publications for MRC, SO 128 

OTHER 

Brookhaven National Laboratory 

ATTN: V. Bond 

ATTN: Tech Library 

ATTN: E. Cronkite, Med Dept 

ATTN: M. Bender, Med Dept 

ATTN: A. Brill, Med Dept 

California Institute of Technology 

ATTN: E. Lewis 

ATTN: R. Christy 

University of Chicago 

ATTN: P. Meier 

University of Colorado 

ATTN: Library 

Columbia University 

ATTN: Div of Biostatistics 

Cornell University 

ATTN: W. Federer 

44 
OTHER (Continued) 

Columbia University 

ATTN: A. Bloom 

ATTN: Library 

Medical College of Georgia 

ATTN: 1. Stoddard 

Harvard School of Public Health 

ATTN: B. MacMahon 

Harvard School of Public Health 

ATTN: R. Reed 

ATTN: Library 

Harvard University 

ATTN: W. Cochran 

University of Hawaii 

ATTN: Y. Matsumoto 

Indiana University 

ATTN: F. Putnam 

Iowa State University 

ATTN: T. Bancroft 

Johns Hopkins University 

ATTN: A. Kimball 

ATTN: R. Seltser 

ATTN: A. Lilienfield 

Kansas Univ of Agri & Applied Science 

ATTN: H. Fryer 

Kingston Hospital 

ATTN: K. Johnson 

Memorial Hosp for Cancer & Allied Diseases 

ATTN: P. Lieberman 

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 

ATTN: J. Laughlin 

ATTN: P. Marks 

Merck, Sharp & Dohme Intl 

ATTN: A. Bearn 

University of Miami 

ATTN: P. Hodes 

University of Michigan Med Sch 

ATTN: J. Neel 

University of Michigan 

ATTN: F. Moore 

University of Michigan 

ATTN: R. Cornell 

University of Minnesota 

ATTN: J. Bearman 

ATTN: L. Schuman 

ATTN: Library 

Nat1 Council on Radiation 

ATTN: W. Sinclair 

New York Univ Medical Center 

ATTN: N. Nelson 

OTHER (Continued) 

University of New Mexico 

ATTN: R. Anderson 

ATTN: C. Key 

New York University 

ATTN: A. Upton 

ATTN: B. Posternack 

ATTN: Library 

University of North Carolina 

ATTN: B. Greenberg 

ATTN: Library for Dean 

Northwestern University 

ATTN: il. Cember 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities 

ATTN: D. Lushbaugh 

ATTN: E. Tompkins 

ATTN: J. Totter 

University of Oklahoma 

ATTN: P. Anderson 

University of Oregon 

ATTN: B. Pirofsky 

Pacific Northwest Laboratory 

ATTN: S. Marks 

Pennsylvania Univ Hospital 

ATTN: S. Baum 

University of Pennsylvania 

ATTN: P. Nowell 

Univ of Pittsburgh 

ATTN: F. Radford 

ATTN: Library 

Univ of Pittsburgh 

ATTN: N. Wald 

Rochester Univ Medical Ctr 

ATTN: C. Odoroff 

ATTN: G. Casarett 

Univ of Rochester 

ATTN: L. Hempelmann 

Saint Francis Hospital 

ATTN: R. Blaisdell 

Univ of South Carolina Medicine 

ATTN: P. Liu 

Univ of Southern California 

ATTN: J. Birren 

Stanford Univ Medical Ctr 

ATTN: J. Brown 

Stanford University 

ATTN: 1. Moses 

Stanford Univ Hospital 

ATTN: 0. Dorfman 

46 
OTHER (Continued) 

Texas A&M Univ 

ATTN: R. Stone 

Univ of Texas 

ATTN: H. Sutton 

Univ of Texas 

ATTN: R. Stallones 

Univ of Texas 

ATTN: G. Taylor 

Univ of Texas 

ATTN: W. Sutow 

Univ of Utah 

ATTN: Library 

ATTN: C. Flays 

ATTN: E. Wrenn 

ATTN: L. Lyons 

Univ of Utah 

ATTN: Library 

Vanderbilt Univ 

ATTN: R. Quinn 

Univ of Washington 

ATTN: A. Motulsky 

Univ of Washington 

ATTN: D. Thompson 

Univ of Wisconsin 

ATTN: J. Crow 

Yale University Sch of Medicine 

ATTN: J. Meigs 

ATTN: Library 

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACTORS 

University of California 

Lawrence Livermore National Lab 

ATTN: Tech Info Dept Library 

ATTN: L. Anspaugh 

ATTN: Y Ng 

Los Alamos National Laboratory 

ATTN: MS218, P. Whalen 

ATTN: M/%34, T. Dowler 

ATTN: Library 

ATTN: J. Dummer 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

ATTN: T. Jones 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

ATTN: C. Clifford 

ATTN: J. Auxier 

ATTN: G. Kerr 

ATTN: C. Richmond 

Reynolds Electrical & Engr CO, Inc 

ATTN: Dot Con Facility 

ATTN: J. Brady 

Sandia National Laboratories 

ATTN: Div 1314, S. Durpee 

ATTN: D. Aldridge 

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS ____________--

Advanced Rsch & Applications Corp 

ATTN: R. Armistead 

BDM Carp 

ATTN: J. Braddock 

Cnlorado State University 

ATTN: M. Zelle 

Energy Systems. Inc 

ATTN: T. Gates 

JAYCOR 

ATTN: J. Sperling 

JAYCOR 

ATTN: E. Weary 

JAYCOR 

ATTN: J. Ozeroff 

Kanian Tempo 

3 cys ATTN: E. Martin 

ATTN: DASIAC 

Kaman Tempo 

ATTN: W. Alfonte 

ATTN: S. Jones 

ATTN: DASIAC 

Louisiana Univ Sch of Medicine 

ATTN: Library 

National Academy of Sciences 

ATTN: S. Jablon 

ATTN: Nat1 Materials Advisory Bd 

7 cys ATTN: C. Robinette 

University of Nebraska 

ATTN: Library 

Ohio State University 

ATTN: Library 

Pacific-Sierra Rsch Corp 

ATTN: H. Brode, Chairman SAGE 

R&D Associates 

ATTN: J. Marcum 

ATTN: C. Lee 

ATTN: P. Haas 

R&D Associates 

ATTN: A. Deverill 

Radiation Rsch Assoc, Inc 

ATTN: N. Schaeffer 

Rand Corp 

ATTN: Library 

ATTN: P. Davis 

Science ADDS ications Intl Corp 

ATiN: J. Cockayne 

ATTN: W. McRanev 

2 cys ATTN: J. Klenun 

2 cys ATTN: J. Goetz 

2 cys ATTN: E. Ortlieb 

5 cys ATTN: J. McGahan 

47 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS (Continuedj DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS (Continued) ____~ 

Rand Carp 

ATTN: B. Bennett 

Science Applications, Inc 

ATTN: D. Kaul 

Science Applications, Inc 

ATTN: E. Straker 

ATTN: G. Reyni‘ld5 

ATTN: W. Woolson 

ATTN: W. Scott 

Science Applications, Inc 

ATTN: J. Novotney 

Tech Reps, Inc 

ATTN: B. Collins 

Scientific Info Svcs, Inc 

ATTN: Library 

48