i 

I 

r--·-·---·-·-------~ 

DNA-TR-84-405 

NEUTRON EXPOSURE FOR DOD NUCLEAR TEST 

PERSONNEL 

J.Goea 

J.Klemm 

C. Thomas 

R. Weit• 

Science Applications International Corporation 

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Mclean, VA 22101•1303 

15 August 1985 

Technical Report 

CONTRACT No. DNA 001-84-C-0351 

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NEUTRON EXPOSURE FOR DOD NUCLEAR TEST PERSONNEL 

12. PEIISOHAL AUTHOR(S)

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18 ~r--,r-----~ Neutron Dose/ _. , 6 ~ Radiation Transport ~~ ·---

. ABSTRACT !G::rmlnut- o,, ,.VfUM If llft'HUIJ' ,,d Jdtnl'l,y by blodl ltl,Jfflbffj 

0

Neutron dosef! for DoD units/projects that participated in atmospheric nuclear test 

programs are assessed using computer codes ATR and ANISN. Units/projects whose personnel 

hare identified as having received a neutron dose of at least 1 mrem are listed by opera- 1/ tion and shot, Of the several thousand units/projects screened, 160 are identified as 

having received a free-field neutron exposure exceeding 1 mrem. Of these, ~pproximately 

75 percent are aircrews with the remainder being ground-based units, either scientific 

projects or military observer/maneuver units, f·-••. 

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CONVERSION TABLE 

ConYCnion facton for U.S. C-omary 10 metric (SI) uniu of IDCUllJ'tffltl\l 

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kllol.alll t.lU kl'll)Olllet

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iii 
TI\BLE 01' CONTENTS 

Section Page 

CONVERSION TABLE Hi 

LIST 01' ILLUSTRATIONS V 

LIST OF TABLES 

I INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY l 

V 

2 ISODOSE CONTOURS 2 

2.1 CONTINENTAL ISODOSE CONTOURS 2 

2.2 OCEANIC ISODOSE CONTOURS 3 

3 DOD PERSONNEL RECEIVING NEUTRON DOSES 9 

3.1 CONTINENTAL OPERATIONS 9 

3.2 OCEANIC OPERATIONS 16 

~ CONCLUSIONS 20 

5 LIST OF REFERENCES 21 

J::i_e,es,loc re,---~ 

• l:I"i-: ,;·- ~t •• '. ✓···: I:·T: ·~ ~ ; (l 

\J:l.' '.~ ;,_. .•l 

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1-----·--·...... 

By·____ 

i Dishibution/

,- --··- --··· \ Availability Coi.or. 

1;.,

;··----·-· !Avail f!Jndji/r' 

i \ :! ~· : ·- ., .......... ---- ---

::.t I Special

i&) ! !.• ,,,. 

iv 
UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

Figure Page 

I Neutron isodose contours for continental detonations. 4 

2 Neutron isodose contours for oceanic detonations-surface bursts. 6 

3 Neutron isodose contours for oceanic detonations-alr bursts. 8 

UST OF TAllLES 

Table Page 

I DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

BUSTER-JANGLE, 10 

2 DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

TUMBLER-SNAPPER, 10 

3 OoO personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, 11 

DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

TEAPOT, 12 

DoO personnel receiving a netitron dose at Operation 

PLUMBBOB, 14 

6 DoO personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

HARDTACK 11, 15 

7 DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

DOMINIC 11, 15 

OoD personnel receiving a neutron 4,0se at Operation 

REDWING, 18 

9 DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation 

HARDTACK I, 19 

V 
vi 
SECTION I 

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 

A method is developed that allows each participating project or unit in the US 

atmospheric nuclear testing program to be rapidly screened to determine whether 

exposure to neutron radiation contributed significantly to an indivldual1s total dose. 

The most important parameters required are the neutron environment generated by a 

particular detonation and the partlclpant's distance from the detonation. Knowledge 

of other factors such as personnel posture at the time of detonation (e.g., standing in 

the open, crouched in a trench, or in an aircraft) permit refinements to be made to the 

calculated free-field exposure. For the purpose of this report, a neutron dose of one 

milllrem is selected as the threshold and 1-mrem isodose contours (envelopes) are 

constructed. The envelopes, established as a function of weapon type, yield, heightof-burst, and atmospheric conditions determine the distance from a particular 

detonation for a free-field neutron dose of l mrem. The distance a participating unit 

or project was from the detonatlon, as obtained from the various source documents, is 

superimposed on the appropriate envelope; if the distance falls outside the 1-mrem 

lsodose contour, the unit is excluded from further analysis, I.e., it received a neutron 

dose of less than 1 mrem. However, lf the distance faUs within the 1-mrem envelope, 

the unit is identlfled in this report as havlng possibly received a neutron dose of at 

least 1 mrem (neglecting shielding). Details on the construction of the 1-mrem dose 

envelopes for continental and oceanlc nuclear tests are found in Section 2. Those 

projects/units Identified as having received a neutro,n dose of 1 mrem or greater are 

tabulated in Section .3. Of the several thousand units/projects screened, 160 are 

identified as having received a free-field neutron exposure exceeding I mrem. Of 

these, approximately 7'J percent are aircrews with the remainder being ground-based 

units, either scientific projects or mllitary observer/maneuver units. 

I 
SECTION2 

JSODOSE CONTOURS 

2.1 CONTINENT/IL JSODOSE CONTOURS. 

Calculations are performed using Version 4 of the computer code ATR (Air 

Transport of Radiation) to characterize the neutron component of the radiation 

environment in the airspace surrounding the Jow yield nuclear detonations Cl-80 KT) at 

NTS. ATR4 ls a radiation environment prediction code that uses an extensive data 

base developed from detailed radiation transport calculatlons with computer codes 

ANISN and DOT. The use of these codes ls described In Reference 1. Two specific 

cases are analyzed to bound the range of possible results. 

(1) Operation RANGER - Shot EASY. This shot is selected as representing the 

best--case scenario. The ATR neutron source spectrum used Is that of a 

pure fission device, typical of the earlier weapons. The mean air density 

between the surface and the burst height (330 meters) is l.18x10·3 g/cm3, 

a very high value for the Nevada shots. The high air density, and its 

corresponding neutron attenuation, results in a lower neutron dose at a 

given range. 

(2) Operation PLUMBBOB • Shot HOOD. This shot is selected as representing 

the worst-case scenario. The ATR neutron source spectrum used is that of 

a boosted fission device, typical of the later weapons. The mean air 

density between the surface and burst height (460 meters) is 0.992xl0-3 

g/cm3, the lowest of any low~ltitude Nevada detonation. The low air 

density, coupled with the enhanced neutron output, results in a higher 

neutron dose at a given range. 

tn each case, an ATR calculation ls made to determine neutron dose in rads 

(tissue) as a function of horizontal range along the surface, and as a function of slant 

range along radials from the burst point at angles of 30, 601 and 90 degrees to the 

horizontal. The mean air density between the surface and the burst point is used as a 

• 

2 
---··------------- ., __ ---- . 

reference point in the ATR atmospheric density gradient model to then determine the 

appropriate atmospheric density between the burst point and all other points of 

interest. The resulting neutron dose data are scaled linearly with yield to determine 

the neutron environment of similar detonations having different yields. Neutron rads 

are converted to rem using an effective quality factor of 13 for the energy spectrum 

of the neutrons emitted, as developed in Reference 2. Distances from the burst point 

along the surface and along the vario1,,11 radials to the 1-mrem dose equivalent level are 

determined and 1-mrem contours (envelopes) are constructed for each of six weapon 

yields. The contours shown In Figure 1 represent best and worst case conditions for 

neutron transport (Cases (1) and (2) above). The effect of decreasing air density with 

altitude ls easily seen in the figures as the 1-mrem contours extend to greater 

distances above the burst point than along the surface radial. 

2.2 OCEI\NIC ISODOSE CONTOURS • 

• For surface bursts conducted during the oceanic testing, calculations were 

performed wlth a multlgroup one-dlmenslonal discrete ordinates transport code 

(ANJSN) to characterize the neutron component of the radiation environment in the 

airspace surrounding nuclear detonations at the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG). The 

ANISN transport code allows for selective source spectra and transport media 

composition. For the present analysis, neutrons are transported from a point source in 

spherical geometry. Two sources are used1 

(1) A fission source, specifically that of the Nagasaki device (Fat Man), taken 

from the DNA Weapon OUtput Handbook. This source is similar to most of 

the early fission devices detonated at PPC. 

(2) A thermonuclear source, taken from O.E. Bartine, et at., "Production and 

Testing of the ONA Few-Croup Coupled Neutron-Gamma Cross-Section 

Library," ORNL/TM--4840, March 1977. This source is representative of 

the medium-to-large yield thermonuclear devices detonated at the PPG. 

3 
3 

2 

1 

~Burst Points 

HOB • 330m, ?f.,. 1.18 mg/cm3 

Horizontal Range (Kilometers) 

Figure 1. Neutron isodose (1 mrem) contours for continental detonations. 

9 

Outer Curves: PLUMBBOB-HOOD device/geometry 

HOB• 460Dl, P • 0,992 mg/cm3 

Inner Curves: RANGER-EASY device/ge01Detry 
=• wcana:w:aa:1w;ww,_,,..,,.,.,.,,. __ww,, ■,,.,.. a a a:z;m-L.&....&11 .Z!LISJUl&Wl a 

The atmosphere Is assumed to be standard, with a density variation with altitude 

and an altitude-dependent moisture content derived from data given in DNA 4102T, "A 

Low Altitude Meteorologlcal Data Base." The specific moisture content used in this 

analysis corresponds to that of Enewetak/Biklni during the winter (dry) period. For 

purposes of radiation transport calculations, the atmosphere is modeled as five 

homogeneous layers, with properties derived by averaging over each layer thickness. 

This atmosphere model is detailed as follows: 

Region 

I 

II 

l11 

l

j IV 

V 

Altitude O<m) 

0-2 

2-4 

4-6 

6-8 

8 • 10 

Avg Dry Air 

Density (g/cm3> 

1,11 X 10"3 

9,10 X 10"4 

7,37 X 10"4 

6,00 X 10-'I 

4,66 X 10"4 

Avg Moisture Content 

(g H20/g dry air) 

8,0 X 10"3 

3,4 X 10"3 

1,2 X 10·3 

6.0 X 10-'I 

4,0 X 10"4 

I ANISN calculations are made to determine neutron dose in rads (tissue) per 

source neutron as a function of range along radials from the burst point. Calculations 

0 are performed at angles of 30°, r,o , and 90° up from the horizontal. Calculations 

were not made along the surface since the onc-dlmenslonal ANISN results do not 

include the perturbing effects of the air-sea Interface. Much more extensive 2-D 

calculations are required to accurately define the neutron dose as a function of range 

in this region. The properties of the transport medium are derived from the 5..Jayer 

model, with the thickness of each layer scaled as the reciprocal of the sine of the 

angle the radial makes with the horizontal; for example, at 30° from the horizontal, 

layer thickness= 2 km/sin 30°. 

Normalized ANISN output, ln rads (tissue) per source neutron, are converted to 

rem by assuming a neutron output of. 2.0 x 1023 neutrons/KT (a representative value 

for these weapon types) and an effective neutron quality factor of 13. These values 

are then used to construct 1-mrem contours for various weapon yields for each of the 

two weapon types. The results are shown In Figure 2. Although not drawn to sea 

s 
~-------------------------------------------------··---

8 

9,--------------------i 

7 

6 

•

•

" 5

! 

u 

~ 

" 

~ 

~ 

u 

.g, 4 ~ 

..• 

3 

2 

/Burst Point 

Thermonuclear 

Device 

Fission 

1 Device 

o.,__ _.__ _.__ _.__..__..__..__~....~-~~~--------- o 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Horizontal Range (Kilometers) 

Figure 2. Neutron isodose (1 mrem) contours for oceanic detonations - surface bursts. 

6 
level, the isodose contours would tend to bend inward toward surface zero if 2-D 

transport calculations were performed to define the neutron environment in this 

region. 

For the airbursts conducted during the oceanic testing, calculations were 

performed using ATR4 to characterize the neutron environment. Since ATR4 does not 

consider the effect of moisture 1n the air on neuiron transport, the 1-mrem isodose 

envelopes thus constructed tend to be high-sided in estimating the slant range to 

l mrem, I.e., calculated slant ranges using ATR4 are greater than the actual slant 

ranges to 1 mrem. Four combinations of weapon yield and height-of-burst were use:d 

to construct the isodose curves in Figure 31 

(ll A l00KT (0.8 fission fraction) source at a height-of-burst of 1.0 km 

(2) A ,ooKT (0.8 fission fraction) source at a height-of-burst of 1., km 

(3) A !MT thermonuclear source at a height-of-burst of 2.7 km 

(4) A l0MT thermonuclear source at a helght-of-burst of 3.5 km 

These particular combinations of yield and height-of-burst typify the many airdropped 

weapons detonated during the oceanic testing, especially during Operation DOMINIC I. 

When the contours in Figure 3 are compared to the 1-mrem contours in Figure 2 for 

surface bursts, the effect of decreased air density (and atmospheric moisture) at the 

higher heights-of-burst on neutron transport is clearly evident by the much greater 

distances to 1-mrern. 

7 
20~------------------------, 

18 

16 

14 

2 

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 

Horizontal Range (Kilometers) 

500 KT @ l.5 km. 

Figure 3. Neutron isodose (1 mrem) contours for oceanic detonations -

air bursts. 

8 
Sl!CflON 3 

DOD PERSONNEL RECEIVING NEUTRON DOSES 

3.1 CONTINENT/IL OPERATIONS. 

OoD personnel participating at Nevada tests witnessed shots from several 

locations. Most were at News Nob near the Control Point (approximately 10 kilometers from the closest shot) and far enough from any shot to be out of range of 

significant initial effects, Including neutron exposure. However, many troops who 

participated ln the Desert Rock exercises observed a shot from a closer distance, 

generally from 2.S to S kilometers from the burst, depending on the yield. These 

troops were normally In trenches, but some were In armored vehJcles or even ln the 

open. tn some cases, volunteer observers (whose identities are all known) were 

positioned in trenches slightly more than 1.8 kilometers from the burst. 

Aircraft were normally located at sufftclent distances from a detonation to 

avoid any detrimental blast effect. There were cases where delivery (and simulated 

delivery) aircraft were close enough at the time of burst for the crew to have received 

a neutron dose. Other aircraft, such as those in aircraft structures tests, were also 

close enough to receive a neutron dose on several occaslons. 

Neutron doses are calculated for most DoO observers and maneuver troops who 

participated at the continental detonations (e.g., Reference 1). The results of these ,, 

calculations, which consider the shielding provided by trenches and armored vehicles, 

are tabulated in this report for those participants who received a neutron dose of 

l mrem or more. The lsodose contours shown In Figure l are used to identify other 

projects, units, and aircrews whose activities resulted In possible neutron exposures. 

These units, and the specific operatlons/shots at which they participated, are 

identified in this report for subsequent determination of their neutron dose. 

Some DoD personnel received neutron doses of 1 mrem or greater in seven of the 

eight atmospheric test operations conducted in Nevada. At TRINITY (in New Mexico) 

and Operation RANGER, none of the units/projects Involved received neutron doses 

9 
exceeding 1 mrem. Those In the remaining seven operations that received neutron 

doses of 1 mretn or more are tabulated ln Tables 1 through 7. If a unit/project ls not 

listed, this indicates a neutron exposure of less than 1 mrem. lf a neutron dose has 

previously been reconstructed for a particular unit, the calculated dose ls given. An 

"X" in the table indicates a possible neutron dose of 1 mrem or greater that should be 

verified through subsequent dose reconstructions. 

Table 1. DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation BUSTER-JANGLE. 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

PARTICIPANTS BAKER CHARLIE DOG EASY SUGAR UNCLE 

Weapon Delivery Aircrew X X X X 

Project 4.1 Aircrew 0.026 

Project 6J Aircrew X X 

Project 8.4 Photographers X X 

(On Project 6., Aircraft) 

Table 2. OoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation TUMBLER-SNAPPER. 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

PARTICIPANTS BAKER CHARLIE DOG EASY !:QK 

Weapon Delivery Aircrew X X X 

Project 1.1 Aircrew X X 

Project 6.4 Aircrew X X X X 

"X" indicates a possible neutron dose of 1 mrem or greater which wiJJ be verified 

through subsequent dose calculations. 

10 
• 

Table 3. OoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE. 

I 

I Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

PARTICIPANTS ANNIE NANCY DIXIE BADGER SIMON ENCORE HARRY GRABLE ~_LIMAX 

Observers 0.011 .003 

Volunteer Observers o.&3 ,.. 28 

Battalion Combat Teams A&B 0.011 .003 

Weapon Delivery Aircrew X X X 

Project 1.3 Aircrew and X X 

I Ground Persomel X ...

... Project •.t Aircrew X X 

Project ,.1 Aircrew X X X X X X f Project ,.2 Aircrew X X 

I Project ,.3 Aircrew X ' 

' ' Project 6.2 Aircrew X X 

' ' 

• Project 6.3 Aircrew X X X X X

; 

Project 6.11 Aircrew X X 

"X" indicates a po.sslble neutron dose of l mrem or greater which wW be verified through subsequent dose calculations. 

J, 
·\;~--:~"~-~~~\ '-?-:t.:-t::· -·-~=3.:{f::-: -:_;;:_fZ~J:: --:::5~~/:~1:-- ->:;;;;::::~; ~?!-i.?~j:~:~\ , -- • - ~::-::. .._ 

TabJe 4. DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation TEAPOT. 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

WASP .PARTlc;:IPANT_S .!'.@! M.Q!!i TE_S_le_A TURK HORNET ~ ~ _PRIME HA ~ APL-2

Observers 0.16 1.4 0.01 0.029 .063 

Maneuver Troops 0.01 

Volunteer Observers .., 

Task Force RAZOR 

Co. ·A•, nlrd Tank Bn. 0.39 

Co. "C", 723rd Tank Bn• .... 0.14 ~ 

Tank Command Gp. o.r, 

Co. •s•, 723rd Tank Bn. 0.013 

Armored Inf. Pit. (Rt) 0.031 

li Armored Inf. Plt. (Left) Ji 0.004 ~ Armored Inf. Pit. (Ctr) 5 

, 0.010 

Staff Element 0.021 ., 

. 

' ' 

i 

' 
Table 4. OoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation TEAPOT (Concluded). 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

WASP 

PARTICIPANTS ~ MOTH TESLA !!IB.!S. HORNET ~ ~ •• PRIME !:!!!. MET M!cl. 

Weapon Delivery Aircrew X X X 

Project 1.2 Aircrew X ·;s, 

f'r.:->': 

,, " -}'ro}ect·,.1 Aircrew X X 

·f·'"'L, -·~/..::·-··,.• • 'Project ?•2 Aircrews 0.02,. X i.t•· ·0.001 X 

Project GA Aircrew X .$/ - ':,,--·, ""' 

Project I.I Aircrews 0.1,•. ··0.002 0.039• ? X 

Project a.ta Personnel X 

(On Delivery Aircraft) 

Project 9.1 Aircrew X 

Project t0.3 Airaew X X 

Project •o.lJ Aircrew 0.002 

Project •0.12 Aircrew X 

• Applies to closest aircraft. Other aircraft receind less than 0.001 rem. 

"X" indicates a possible neutron dose of 1 mrem or greater which will be verified through subsequent dose calculatlor,1,. 

·------
-.•• " '·.., ·<--•,,,-,,. I • 

Table 5. DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation PLUMBBOB. 

Neutron Dose Crem) at Shot 

FRNKLN 

PARTICIPANTS BLTZMN WLSN PRSCLA HOOD ·DIABLO lQfili KEPLER STOKES SHASTA ~ PRIME SMOKY GALILEO 

01,oe.,,.,. 0:002 0.001• 0.012• 0.13.) 

VOlwlteer Observers 0.001 _;. 

Task Force BIG BANG 0.010 

Tulc Force WARRIOR .221 

~~ Delivery a:-;.d 1&., 

t>• iJternate Aircrew 1.0 

.,_ 

,,s . Project ,.1 Nic:zew X X 0.010 X X ..,.- -... Project J.3 Aircrews X .....,.. X X X 

,.,, Project J.I Aircrew X 1.76 X X X X 

Project,., Aircrew X 0.011 ..., X X X 

Project,., X 

Project ,o.a X 

•Estimate based on assumed scenarios for similar yields and heights-of-burst 

••Applies to closest alra11ft 

"'X" lndlcates a possible neutron dose of .1 mrem or greater which will be verified through subsequent dose calculations. 

I 

<

I 

< 

., 

~ 

,, ' 

..___________________________ --
Table 6. DoO personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation HARDTACK 11. 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

PARTICIPANTS QUAY HMLTN R-ARRIBA HMBLT 

Project 4.3 

Project 8.8 

13,2nd Motion Picture Squadron 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

Table 7. DoD personnel ~ecelvlng a neutron dose at Operation DOMINIC n. 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

LTL JNIE SMALL LTL 

PARTICIPANTS Efil. BOY BOY FLRl 

IVY FLATS Maneuver Troops X 

IVY FLATS Military Observers X 

Project 7.12 X 

Project 7.13 Aircrew X 

Project 7 .U Aircrew X 

Project 7 .16 Aircrew X X 

Project S.1 0.001 

Project 9.2 X X X 0.50 

"X" lndlcates a possible neutron dose of l mrem or greater which will be verified 

through subsequent dose calculations. 

., 15 
3.2 OCEANIC OPERATIONS, 

Most of the nuclear test operations conducted in the Pacific were held at either 

Bikini or Enewetak Atolls. DoD participants (except alrcrews) at Operations CROSSROADS (1946), SANDSTONE (1948), GREENHOUSE. (19,1), IVY (19'2), CASTLE 

(l~,4), REDWING (19,6), and HARDTACK I (19,8), observed the detonations in the 

open either from ships or from residence islands on the atolls, well removed (at least 

12 kilometers) from any of the shots. It ls evident from figure 2 that no one observing 

the tests from these locations received a neutron dose of 1 mrem or more. Operation 

WIGWAM (195,), an underwater detonation approximately 800 kilometers southwest of 

San Diego, and Operation .ARGUS:. (19,a), a series of thrCe high-altitude tests ... ; ' .. . ....- ,-., ' -~-'. •....:'•-

conducted 1n the South Atlantlc;_:dld not.:-result ln any participant receiving a neutron 

dose. During Ope~ations HARDTACK I and DOMINIC I (1962), rocket launched 

weapons were detonated directly . over Johnston Island, but at altitudes 

(> 18 kilometers) precluding any neutron exposure to island-based personnel and 

participating shipboard units. - The many airdropped weapons at DOMINIC I were 

detonated either 16-32 kiJometers south of Christmas Island or 400-600 kilometers 

from Johnston Island; the closest shl_ps ·to any of the airdrops were at least 

16 kilometers from surface zero (at anchor off Christmas Island), again precluding the 

possiblllty of Island-based or shipboard personnel receiving a neutron exposure. 

Another test during Operation DOMINIC I, a Jow-yleld underwater burst, was conducted 680 kllometers southwest of San Otego, Callfomla. There was no neutron dose for 

any partlclpant. 

As in the continental test operations, aircraft were normally positioned at 

sufficient distances from the detonation to avoid damaging blast effects. There were, 

however, instances during the oceanic testing where test aircraft were within range of 

a neutron dose. The lsodose contours ln Figure 2 are used to identify those aircrews 

whose activities res!Jlte~ in possible neutron exposures from the many surface 

detona tlons conducted during the oceanic testing. The lsodose contours in Figure 3 are 

used prlmariJy for the e-,2 crews who .dellve~d the weapons that were dropped during 

Operation DOMINIC I; they are also :used 1n· conJunctlon with the airdrops at 

Operations CROSSROADS (ABLE), IVY (KINC), and REDWINC (CHEROKEE and 

16 
OSAGE). Of the twenty-nine airdrops conducted during Operation DOMINIC I, the 

slant range between the drop aircraft (the closest aircraft) and the detonation are 

known for ten of the tests. While participating in these ten "tests, the drop aircraft 

remained well outside (at least 4 kilometers) of the 1-mrem contours determined for 

each of the yields and heights-of-burst. It is assumed that similar operational 

procedures were followed for the remaining nineteen detonations for which the slant 

ranges are not known, and that the aircrews participating at these tests were not 

exposed to neutron radiation. 

Only two of the ten operations conducted ln oceanic areas resulted in participants receiving a neutron dose of 1 mrem or greater. The project personnel identified 

as having received neutron exposures at Operations REDWING and HARDTACK I are 

tabulated ln Table 8 and Table 9, respectively. 

17 
Table 8. DoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation REDWING. 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

PARTICIPANTS LACROSSE ERIE FLTHEAD KICKAP9() INCA DAKOTA MOHAWK HURON 

Project ,J Aircrew X X 

Project ,.4 Aircrew X X 

Project ,., Aircrew X X 

Project ,.6 Aircrew X X X 

-

"' 

Project ,.& Aircrew X X 

"X" indicates a posslble neutron dose of 1 mrem or greater which will be verified through subsequent dose calculations. 
-- ,..., • e e- = ::is:;,-;;,-,x::r7:,::;; :r•n-+• -rx:xx:e:-=rz:;,: p· r • rsr.c:c::~, =,.• •· •,, w,-• 

Table 9. OoD personnel receiving a neutron dose at Operation HARDT ACK. I 

Neutron Dose (rem) at Shot 

PART!_C:IPANTS CACTlJ~ B'TRNUT KOA MAfillOLIA TOBACCO WALNUT 

Project ,.2 Aircrew 0.10.5* X X 0.030• 0.020** 0.01.5• 

Project 5.3 Aircrew 0.135• X 

• Doses based on sulfur packet measurements 

•• Aircraft posltlon falls outside l .mrem contour 

"X" indicates a possible neutron dose of 1 mrem or greater which will be verlfied thr<hlgh subsequent dose calculations. 

·-

"' 
SECTION• 

CONCLUSIONS 

Military units and scientific projects that participated in !he US atmospheric 

nuclear testing program were screened to determine lf exposure to neutron radiation 

was a significant contributor to an individual's total dose. Of all the projects/units 

screened, 160 are identified as recelvlng a probable neutron dose of 1 mrem or more. 

Of these, approximately 75 percent are aircrews with the remainder being groundbased units (either scientific projects or mllltary observer/maneuver units). Neutron 

dose calculations have previously been performed (e.g., References .3 and 4) for all 

military observer and maneuver troops except those ldentlfled in this report as being 

participants in the IVY FLATS troop exercises at Operation DOMINIC IL Neutron dose 

calculations are to be performed for personnel assigned to eight scientific projects 

fielded during Operations PLtJMBSOS (2 projects), HARDTACK II (3 projects), and 

DOMINIC II (3 projects). Likewise, neutron doses are to be quantlfled for the aircrews 

identified in this report as having a potential neutron dose of 1 mrem or more. The 

projects/units identified in this report are those for which neutron doses have been 

previously calculated or that received a free-field neutron dose of at least 1 mrem. 

Subsequent detailed dose calculations, whlch will include the effect cf shielding, will 

likely decrease the number of projects/units that actually received a neutron exposure 

exceeding I mrem. 

20 
SECTION, 

LIST OF REFl!Rl!NCES 

1. "Analysis of Radiation Exposure for Troop Observers, Exercise Desert Rock V, 

Operation UPSHOT..KNOTHOLE•" DNA 5742F, Defense Nuclear Agency, 

28 April 1981. AD/A 116 921.• 

2. "Analysis of Radiation Exposure for Task Force WARRIOR, Shot SMOKY, 

Exercise Desert Rock VU-VIII, Operation PLUMBBOB," DNA 4747F, Defense 

Nuclear Agency, 31 May 1979. AD/A 070 239.• 

3. "Analysts of Radiation Exposure for· Task Force BIG BANG, Shot GALILEO, 

Exercise Desert Rock Vll-Vlll, Operation PLUMBBOB,1

' DNA 4772F, Defense 

Nuclear Ag<,ncy, 9 April 1980. AD/A oa, 801.• 

4. "Analysis of Radiation Exposure for Troop Observers, Exercise Desert Rock VI, 

Operation TEAPOT," DNA 53,4F, Defense Nuclear Agency, U July 1980. 

AD/A 121 701.• 

*Available from: National Technical Information Service 

,2a, Port RoyaJ Road 

Springfield, VA 22161 Phone, (703) ~87-4650 

Also available from: Coordination and lnformatlon Center 

P.O. Box 14400 

Las Vegas, Nevada 391111-4400 Phone: (702) 29,-0731 

21 
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