# Patent

## Title
Device for estimating survival cell count, computer program, and recording medium

## Abstract

By accurately estimating the survival cell count in a probiotic product, the time for developing the product can be shortened. In a device (1) for estimating survival cell count, a calculation unit (14) calculates an estimated result of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in a composition after storage, in accordance with the following equation (I). (I) Log10nt=Log10n0−t×EXP{(AT×T+BT)w+(CT×T+DT)}, provided that t stands for the storage period (days)× 1/30, nt stands for the survival cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days), n0 stands for the viable cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, T stands for the storage temperature (° C.), w stands for the water activity value of the composition, AT and CT stand for experimentally determined coefficients specific to the strain, and BT and DT stand for experimentally determined constants specific to the strain.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a device for estimating survival cell count, a computer program, and a recording medium, which estimate the survival cell count of a strain such as probiotics contained in a composition.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-141377, filed May 29, 2008, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND ART
Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria are used as probiotics for various kinds of foods. For example, bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria are prepared in forms of powders, capsules, tablets, and the like, for the application to a wide range of food products including health foods, confectioneries, and baby milk powder. Moreover, applications of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria as probiotics to the fields of medical services and livestock foods have also started.
Probiotics confer a beneficial effect on the human and animal health by proliferating themselves inside the intestine when administered into the host human or animal. Therefore, it is important that probiotics are kept alive. Although it is very difficult to mix a bifidobacterium or a lactic acid bacterium in a product while maintaining its survival cell count within the guarantee period (best-before period), some techniques have been developed in the past, and now, many probiotic-containing foods, pharmaceuticals, and feeds (hereunder, referred to as probiotic products) are on the market.
For the development of probiotic products, a great number of items have to be examined, for example, it is necessary to predict the change in the survival cell count in the product, to set the best-before period of the product, and to check the efficacy of the product. In addition, it is also necessary to clarify the guaranteed cell count in the probiotic product within the guarantee period, in terms of the quality assurance of the product for the consumer.
For this reason, during the development of probiotic products, it is necessary to measure the survival cell count of a probiotic strain in the product within the storage period by performing an actual storage test so as to evaluate the probiotic survivability. However, as the guarantee period of probiotic products is often set as very long, as much as one to three years, it is necessary, for measuring the survival cell count of a probiotic strain at the completion of the guarantee period and for setting the guaranteed cell count, to carry out a long term storage test to be comparable to the guarantee period. Thus, it takes time to supply probiotic products in the market.
Therefore, in order to shorten the storage test of probiotic products, techniques for performing an accelerated test at a high storage temperature to thereby estimate the survival cell count using the result of the accelerated test, are being studied (refer to Non-patent Documents 1 to 4).
However, since the storage temperature has to be set high so as to shorten the span of the accelerated test and such a high temperature leads to an increase in the bacterial inactivation rate, it is very difficult for this test to accurately estimate the survivability at a normal storage temperature. Moreover, if the set temperature of the accelerated test is slightly higher than normal temperature, it is not possible to sufficiently shorten the span of the storage test.
Incidentally, it is known that the survivability of bifidobacteria changes depending on the moisture content and the water activity value of the product (refer to Non-patent Document 5). Furthermore, it is known that the survivability of bifidobacteria changes depending not only on the water activity value of the product but also on the storage temperature of the product (refer to Non-patent Document 6). In addition, it is known that bifidobacteria have different survivabilities per each strain (Non-patent Document 7). Moreover, reportedly, the survivability of lactic acid bacteria also changes depending on the storage temperature and the water activity value (refer to Non-patent Document 8).

    [Non-patent Document 1]: Damjanovic, V. and Radulovic, D.), “Cryobiology”, (UK), 1968, Vol. 5, p. 101-104
    [Non-patent Document 2] Achour et al., “Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology”, (UK), 2001, Vol. 76, p. 624-628
    [Non-patent Document 3] Ziadi et al., “Biochemical Engineering Journal”, (Holland), 2005, Vol. 24, p. 141-145
    [Non-patent Document 4] Portner et al. “Cryobiology”, (UK), 2007, Vol. 54, p. 265-270
    [Non-patent Document 5] Nagawa et al., “Journal of Dairy Science”, (USA), 1988, Vol. 71, p. 1777-1782
    [Non-patent Document 6] Tatematsu et al. “Japanese Journal of Freezing and Drying”, 1982, Vol. 28, p. 40-45
    [Non-patent Document 7] Simpson et al., “Journal of Applied Microbiology”, (UK), 2005, Vol. 99, p. 493-501
    [Non-patent Document 8] Higl et al., “Biotechnology Progress”, (US), 2007, Vol. 23, p. 794-800


DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
However, these Non-patent Documents 5 to 8 have not led to the idea of analyzing the correlation between the storage temperature and the water activity value and estimating the survival cell count in the product on the basis of the correlation therebetween.
The present invention addresses the above-mentioned situation, with an object of providing a device for estimating survival cell count, a computer program, and a recording medium, with which the survival cell count of a specific strain in a probiotic product with respect to its storage period can be accurately estimated.
Means for Solving the Problems
The inventors of the present invention discovered that the survival cell count of a specific strain belonging to bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and the like, contained in a composition after storage is dependent on the storage temperature of the composition and the water activity value of the composition, and that there is a correlation between the common logarithmic value of the survival cell count and the storage period. Then, a regression coefficient derived from the correlation was defined as the bacterial inactivation rate. It was also discovered that the inactivation rate changes depending on the water activity value, and that the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate shows a positive correlation with the water activity value. Moreover, it was also discovered that the inactivation rate follows the Arrhenius Law and has a correlation with the storage temperature, and that inactivation rate constant and constants of regression lines derived from the relation between the inactivation rate and the water activity value have strong correlations with the storage temperature. Then, using the correlations among the inactivation rate, the storage temperature, and the water activity value, a relation equation regarding the bacterial inactivation rate and the survival cell count (CFU/g) of a specific strain was completed. Therefore, it was made possible for the device for estimating survival cell count to calculate and output an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count (CFU/g), by substituting input values of a viable cell count at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature (° C.), a water activity value, and a storage period (days) into this relation equation. Furthermore, it was also made possible for the device for estimating survival cell count to calculate and output a result of the guaranteed cell count (CFU/g) of a probiotic product within a guarantee period (days) when stored at or under a specified temperature (° C.), by using the survival cell count (CFU/g) derived from the relation equation.
That is, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a device for estimating survival cell count which estimates a survival cell count of a specific strain contained in a composition after storage, wherein the device comprises: an input receiver which receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of the composition, and a water activity value of the composition; a calculation unit which calculates the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature of the composition, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the following equation (I); and an output instruction unit which instructs to output information indicating the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.

Log10nt=Log10n0−t×EXP{(AT×T+BT)w+(CT×T+DT)}  (I)

t: storage period (days)× 1/30
nt: survival cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days)
n0: viable cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage
T: storage temperature (° C.)
w: water activity value of the composition
AT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to the strain
BT: experimentally determined constant specific to the strain
CT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to the strain
DT: experimentally determined constant specific to the strain
In addition, the present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a storage period, which presents a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of the composition, and a water activity value of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the storage period of the composition containing the strain, by substituting the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature of the composition, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the storage period, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the storage period of the composition containing the strain, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
Moreover, the present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a viable cell count at the initiation of storage, which presents a storage period of composition containing the strain, a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a storage temperature of the composition, and a water activity value of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the storage temperature of the composition, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the viable cell count at the initiation of storage, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
Furthermore, the present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a storage temperature, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and a water activity value of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the storage temperature of the composition, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the storage temperature, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs: to output information indicating the storage temperature of the composition, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
Moreover, the present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a water activity value, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and a storage temperature of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the water activity value of the composition, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and the storage temperature of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the water activity value, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the water activity value of the composition which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
In addition, the present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the calculation unit calculates a guaranteed cell count within a guarantee period when stored at or under the storage temperature, in accordance with the following equation (II), and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the guaranteed cell count which has been calculated by the calculation unit.

N=nt′×a  (II)

nt′: survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), which has been calculated by the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, assuming that the storage temperature T (° C.) is T′ (° C.) and the storage period t (days) is a guarantee period t′ (days)
a: constant less than 1
The present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the input receiver further receives an input of information on a type of the strain, and the calculation unit applies the equation (I) with the strain-specific coefficient AT, the strain-specific constant BT, the strain-specific coefficient CT, and the strain-specific constant DT which correspond to the information on the type of the strain.
Moreover, the present invention also provides a device according to the above-mentioned device for estimating survival cell count, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on a storage temperature of the composition, a water activity value of the composition, a storage period of the composition, and a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, and the device further comprises a constant/coefficient calculation unit which calculates a first regression line per the storage temperature and per the water activity value, on the basis of a relation between the number of months of the storage period and a common logarithmic value of the viable cell count of the strain in the storage period, to thereby obtain the absolute value of the slope of the first regression line with respect to the number of months of the storage period, as an inactivation rate of the strain, calculates a second regression line per the storage temperature on the basis of a relation between the water activity value and a natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate of the strain, calculates a third regression line on the basis of a relation between the storage temperature and the slope of the second regression line regarding the storage temperature with respect to the water activity value, to thereby obtain the slope of the third regression line with respect to the storage temperature as the strain-specific coefficient AT and the intercept thereof when the storage temperature is 0 as the strain-specific constant BT, and calculates a fourth regression line on the basis of a relation between the storage temperature and the constant determined by the intercept of the second regression line corresponding to the storage temperature, when the water activity value is 0, to thereby obtain the slope of the fourth regression line with respect to the storage temperature as the strain-specific coefficient CT and the intercept thereof when the storage temperature is 0 as the strain-specific constant DT.
Moreover, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a computer program for operating a computer for use as a device for estimating survival cell count which estimates a survival cell count of a specific strain contained in a composition after storage, wherein the computer program operates the computer as: an input receiver which receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of the composition, and a water activity value of the composition; a calculation unit which calculates the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature of the composition, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the following equation (I); and an output instruction unit which instructs to output information indicating the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.

Log10 nt=Log10 n0−t×EXP{(AT×T+BT)w+(CT×T+DT)}  (I)

t: storage period (days)× 1/30
nt: survival cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days)
n0: viable cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage
T: storage temperature (° C.)
w: water activity value of the composition
AT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to the strain
BT: experimentally determined constant specific to the strain
CT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to the strain
DT: experimentally determined constant specific to the strain.
In addition, the present invention also provides a computer program according to the above-mentioned computer program, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a storage period, which presents a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of the composition, and a water activity value of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the storage period of the composition containing the strain, by substituting the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature of the composition, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the storage period, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the storage period of the composition containing the strain, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
Moreover, the present invention also provides a computer program according to the above-mentioned computer program, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a viable cell count at the initiation of storage, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a storage temperature of the composition, and a water activity value of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the storage temperature of the composition, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the viable cell count at the initiation of storage, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
Furthermore, the present invention also provides a computer program according to the above-mentioned computer program, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a storage temperature, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and a water activity value of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the storage temperature of the composition, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and the water activity value of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the storage temperature, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the storage temperature of the composition, which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
In addition, the present invention also provides a computer program according to the above-mentioned computer program, wherein the calculation unit calculates a guaranteed cell count within a guarantee period when stored at or under the storage temperature, in accordance with the following equation (II), and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the guaranteed cell count which has been calculated by the calculation unit.

N=nt′×a  (II)

nt′: survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), which has been calculated by the calculation unit achieved by the above-mentioned computer program, assuming that the storage temperature T (° C.) is T′ (° C.) and the storage period t (days) is a guarantee period t′ (days)
a: constant less than 1
Moreover, the present invention also provides a computer program according to the above-mentioned computer program, wherein the input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a water activity value, which presents a storage period of the composition containing the strain, a survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and a storage temperature of the composition; the calculation unit calculates the water activity value of the composition, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing the strain, the survival cell count of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and the storage temperature of the composition, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the water activity value, input of which has been received by the input receiver, into the equation (I); and the output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the water activity value of the composition which has been calculated by the calculation unit.
Furthermore, the present invention also provides a recording medium which is readable by a computer installed with the above-mentioned computer program.
Effect of the Invention
According to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to calculate an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count (CFU/g) of a specific strain in a probiotic product with respect to its storage period, and to shorten the time for developing the product.
According to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to readily calculate a guaranteed cell count of a specific strain in a probiotic product within its quality guarantee period.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the survival cell count of B. longum BAA-999 at a storage temperature of 25° C.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the survival cell count of B. longum BAA-999 at a storage temperature of 37° C.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the survival cell count of B. longum BAA-999 at a storage temperature of 45° C.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the survival cell count of B. longum BAA-999 at a storage temperature of 60° C.
FIG. 5 shows Arrhenius plots of the inactivation rate k of B. longum BAA-999.
FIG. 6 shows relations between the water activity value w and the inactivation rate k of B. longum BAA-999 at respective storage temperatures (° C.).
FIG. 7 shows a relation between the inactivation rate constant k′ of B. longum BAA-999 and the storage temperature (° C.).
FIG. 8 shows a relation between the constant C regarding the inactivation rate k of B. longum BAA-999 and the storage temperature (° C.).
FIG. 9 shows relations between the water activity value w and the inactivation rate k of B. breve LMG 23729 at respective storage temperatures (° C.).
FIG. 10 shows relations between the water activity value w and the inactivation rate k of B. pseudolongum IFO 15861 at respective storage temperatures (° C.).
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of a device for estimating survival cell count.
FIG. 12 shows an example of a display screen image output from the device for estimating survival cell count.
FIG. 13 shows relations between the water activity value w and the inactivation rate k (natural logarithmic value) of L. acidophilus LAC-300.
FIG. 14 shows another example of a display screen image output from the device for estimating survival cell count.



BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention calculates and outputs an estimated result of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in a composition after storage, in accordance with the following equation (I).

Log10 nt=Log10 n0−t×EXP{(AT×T+BT)w+(CT×T+DT)}  (I)

t: storage period (days)× 1/30
nt: survival cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days)
n0: viable cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage
T: storage temperature (° C.)
w: water activity value of the composition
AT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to the strain
BT: experimentally determined constant specific to the strain
CT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to the strain
DT: experimentally determined constant specific to the strain
The “specific strain” is not specifically limited, although preferred subject is a probiotic strain contained in a composition. The term “probiotic” refer to a bacterium which confers a beneficial effect on the human or animal health by acting as a good bacterium inside the intestine when administered alive into the host human or animal.
The above-mentioned equation (I) can be applied to strains belonging to bifidobacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, and Bifidobacterium infantis. The bifidobacteria (the genus Bifidobacterium) is a kind of obligate anaerobic bacteria particularly found a lot in human infant intestines or the like and used as a probiotic for various applications.
Specific examples of the strain belonging to bifidobacteria can include Bifidobacterium longum ATCC BAA-999 (product name: Bifidobacterium longum BB536, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), Bifidobacterium breve BCCM (BCCM: Belgian Co-Ordinated Collections of Micro-organisms) LMG 23729 (product name: Bifidobacterium breve M16V, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum IFO 15861 (product name: Bifidobacterium pseudolongum M-602, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd). All of them are stably available probiotic strains.
Moreover, the above-mentioned equation (I) can also be applied to strains belonging to lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantrum, and Enterococcus faecium. The lactic acid bacteria (the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Enterococcus) are kinds of facultative anaerobic bacteria found in human intestines, fermented milk, or the like, and used as probiotics for various applications.
Specific examples of the strain belonging to lactic acid bacteria can include Lactobacillus gasseri LAC343 (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC361 (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-300 (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), Lactobacillus rhamnosus LCS742 (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), Lactobacillus plantrum LP83 (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), Enterococcus faecium FA5 (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd), and such lactic acid bacteria. All of them are stably available probiotic strains.
The above-mentioned equation (I) can be applied to compositions such as food products including health foods, confectioneries (cream, cream-filled sandwich cookies, chocolate, chocolate flakes, breakfast cereals, gum, and the like), and baby milk powder, as well as to pharmaceuticals, feeds, and drugs. The form, of the composition is not specifically limited, but compositions which stay in a solid state during storage are targeted. Examples thereof can include powder, powder-containing capsules, and tablets containing compressed powder with an excipient.
Moreover, the composition needs to be sealed up in a moisture barrier container to be applicable to the above-mentioned equation (I). If the composition is not sealed up in a moisture barrier container, the water activity value w may possibly change from the initiation time of storage with the passage of storage period, which may make it difficult to accurately estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) with respect to the storage period, in accordance with the equation (I).
Furthermore, the composition also needs to be contained in a light blocking container during storage to be applicable to the above-mentioned equation (I). If the composition is contained in a container having an insufficient-light blocking property, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a strain may decrease due to ultraviolet radiation, which may make it difficult to accurately estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) with respect to the storage period, in accordance with the equation (I).
The symbol t in the above-mentioned equation (I) refers to a value obtained by multiplying the storage period (days) by 1/30, and corresponds to the storage period per month when one month is assumed to be 30 days.
Preferably, the storage period t (days) is supposed to be 1 to 1,500 days. Within this range, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days) can be more accurately estimated, in accordance with the equation (I).
The symbol nt refers to a survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in a composition after a storage period t (days) estimated by the above-mentioned equation (I). The value nt can be calculated by substituting the storage period t (days), a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature T (° C.), experimentally determined strain-specific coefficients AT and CT, experimentally determined strain-specific constants BT and DT, and the water activity value w of the composition, into the above-mentioned equation (I).
The symbol n0 refers to a viable cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage. If the production time is regarded as the initiation time of storage, the value n0 is supposed to be equal to the viable cell count (CFU/g) of the specific strain when added to the composition during the production time of the composition containing the specific strain.
The symbol T (° C.) refers to the storage temperature (° C.), that is, the temperature for storing the composition. The above-mentioned equation (I) is to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) based on the assumption that the storage temperature T (° C.) is fixed throughout the storage period of the composition.
In addition, the set value of the storage temperature T (° C.) is not specifically limited, although it is preferable to set from 25 to 60° C. If the storage temperature T (° C.) is from 25 to 60° C., a strong correlation can be found between the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain contained in the composition and the storage temperature T (° C.), making it possible to more accurately estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain contained in the composition.
The symbol w refers to the water activity value of the composition. The water activity value means a value defined as the ratio of the water vapor pressure (P) inside a sealed container enclosing an analyte to the water vapor pressure (PO) of pure water (P/PO, provided that P and PO are water vapor pressures under the same temperature condition). It is a scale of the content of non-combined water, that is, free water, contained in the analyte, and is mostly used as an index to indicate the bacterial growth potential. The water activity value is expressed in a range from 0.000 to 1.000. The water activity of pure water is 1.000, and the water activity of dried food is shown to be about 0.6 or less.
The water activity value w of the composition is set at the stage for producing the composition. The water activity value w can be set, for example, by a method in which compositions having a variety of water activity values w are mixed at predetermined proportions to achieve a desired water activity value w, a method in which salt, sugar, or the like, is dissolved in a composition to thereby reduce the free water content, and a method in which a composition is dried or moistened with water. The above-mentioned equation (I) is to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) based on the assumption that the water activity value w is fixed throughout the storage period.
The set value of the water activity value w is not specifically limited, although it is preferable to set within 0.6, and more preferably from 0.10 to 0.40. If the water activity value w is within 0.6, a strong correlation can be found between the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain contained in the composition and the water activity value w, making it possible to more accurately estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain contained in the composition.
The symbols AT, BT, C1, and DT refer to coefficients or constants specific to a strain determined by the following experiment 1) to 5).
1) The target specific strain is respectively added to powdery compositions having at least three different water activity values w and evenly mixed to thereby produce specific strain-containing composition samples. Each sample is then individually packed and sealed up in a plural number of (number of storage temperature conditions×number of storage period conditions) moisture barrier containers, by which a plurality of sealed samples are given per each water activity value w. Then, each sealed sample is stored in at least three different storage temperatures (° C.). Thereafter, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the composition is measured at least three time points within the storage period (days).
2) The survival cell counts nt (CFU/g) within the storage period are plotted by having the common logarithmic value of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain in the respective samples which have undergone different storage conditions (storage temperature (° C.) and water activity value) on the Y-axis and the storage period t (days)× 1/30 on the X-axis. Furthermore, the regression line of respective storage condition is calculated using these plots, and the slope of the regression line of respective storage condition (regression coefficient) is defined as the inactivation rate.
3) Next, by having the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate at respective storage temperature (° C.) on the Y-axis and the water activity value w on the X-axis, the relation between both parties is plotted. Using this plot, the regression line (y=ax+b) of respective storage temperature (° C.) is respectively calculated.
4) By having the slope (a) of the linear equation of respective storage temperature (° C.) obtained from the step 3) on the Y-axis and the storage temperature T (° C.) on the X-axis, the relation between both parties is plotted. Using this plot, a linear equation is obtained, and the slope AT and the Y-intercept BT of the resultant regression line are calculated.
5) Moreover, by having the constant (b) of the regression line obtained from the step 3) on the Y-axis and the storage temperature T (° C.) on the X-axis, the relation between both parties is plotted. A linear equation thereof is obtained, and the slope CT and the Y-intercept DT of the resultant linear equation are calculated.
Here, in the step 2), it is found from the relation between the storage period and the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) obtained from the step 1), that the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) rapidly decreases from the initiation of storage of the sample but the decrease of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) is gradually decelerated with the passage of storage period. For this reason, the relation with between the time and the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain can be expressed by a linear equation (regression line). The slope of the regression line (regression coefficient) represents the common logarithmic value of the count of killed bacteria per month of storage period, and this regression coefficient is defined as the inactivation rate in the present invention. This inactivation rate is different per each setting of the storage temperature and the water activity value w. As the water activity value w or the storage temperature gets higher, a higher inactivation rate is shown.
After the regression linear equations (y=ax+b) of the respective storage temperatures have been calculated in the step 3), relations between the slopes (a) of these plurality of regression linear equations (corresponding to the inactivation rate constant k′ of a specific strain contained in a composition that will be described later in detail in the test example 1) and the storage temperatures of the respective equations are plotted so as to obtain the linear equation (k′=AT×T+BT), from which the slope AT serving as the coefficient of the linear equation and the Y-intercept BT serving as the constant of the linear equation is calculated in the step 4).
Moreover, relations between the constants (b) of the plurality of regression linear equations (corresponding to the constant C regarding the inactivation rate of the specific strain contained in the composition that will be described later in detail in the test example 1) and the storage temperatures of the respective equations are plotted so as to obtain the linear equation (C=CT×T+DT), from which the slope CT serving as the coefficient of the linear equation and the Y-intercept DT serving as the constant of the linear equation is calculated in the step 5).
The equation (I) of each specific strain can be derived by substituting these values AT, BT, CT, and DT, which have been determined per each specific strain from the experiment 1) to 5) in the above-mentioned manner, into the aforementioned equation (I).
The form of the specific strain for use in a sample in the step 1) can be exemplified by a bacterial powder or a liquid, although preferred is a bacterial powder. This is because that: a specific strain is usually supplied in a form of bacterial powder; the state of bacterial powder is easy to evenly mix with a powdery composition; and furthermore, it is not likely to change the water activity value w of a powdery composition whose water activity value w has been pre-adjusted, only by adding a small amount of bacterial powder to the powdery composition.
The water activity value w of the powdery composition for use in the sample is preferably from 0.05 to 0.60. The reason is that: this is a usual range of the water activity value for probiotic products; and within this range, a strong correlation can be found between the water activity value w and the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a strain, making it possible to more accurately estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the powdery composition.
The powdery composition for use in the sample is not specifically limited, and can be exemplified by raw starch such as corn starch, and powdered milk.
The water activity value w of the sample can be adjusted by, for example, appropriately mixing raw starch and dry starch so that the powdery composition can have a desired water activity value w.
As described above, the number of kinds of water activity values w for samples is at least three, although it is preferable to employ four or more kinds.
It is necessary to prepare the same number of pieces of samples having a predetermined water activity value was the number of kinds of respective storage temperatures (at least three kinds) and the number of measurements (at least three time points) of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) within a predetermined storage period. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare at least nine pieces of individually packed samples for each water activity value, and, appropriately, a necessary number of pieces of samples are individually packed according to the number of kinds of respective storage temperatures and the number of measurements within a predetermined storage period. In this experiment, since at least three kinds of samples having different water activity values w are stored, the total number of sample pieces for use in the experiment is at least twenty seven.
As described above, the container used for the individual packing of the sample needs to have a moisture barrier property. This is to avoid a change in the water activity value w of the sample throughout the storage period so as to achieve more accurate estimation of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g). Regarding the form of the container having a moisture barrier property, it is possible to employ a sealable bag having a moisture barrier property, a container consisting of a glass or metal jar and a moisture barrier stopper, and the like.
As described above, the number of kinds of storage temperatures T (° C.) for samples is at least three, although it is preferable to set four or more kinds.
The storage temperature T (° C.) for the samples is preferably set from 5 to 60° C. The reason is that: this temperature range is suitable for storing probiotic products; and within this range, a strong correlation can be found between the storage temperature (° C.) and the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain, making it possible to more accurately estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g).
It is preferable to store the sample by leaving it still in a storage device which can maintain a fixed storage temperature (° C.), such as an incubator and a thermostat bath. The relative humidity with respect to the temperature in the storage device may be let as it is without a specific setting, or may be controlled if necessary.
The measurement of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample is performed at least three time points within the storage period (days), although it is preferable to set four or more time points.
The time for measuring the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample is preferably set 1 to 1,500 days after the initiation of storage. It becomes possible, by measuring the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample 1 to 1,500 days after the initiation of storage, to more accurately understand the correlation of the storage temperature (° C.) and the water activity value w with respect to the storage period.
For the measurement of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample, it is necessary to appropriately carry out the culture and the measurement by considering whether anaerobic or aerobic the specific strain is. For example, if the specific strain belongs to anaerobic bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample is to be measured by the following procedure. First, a sample taken out from a container is diluted with a prescribed buffer solution, and a preset amount of the diluted solution containing the strain is transferred into a Petri dish. A melt agar medium is poured into this Petri dish, and the diluted solution containing the strain and the agar medium are evenly mixed to prepare for pour plate culture. After the agar medium has been solidified, the Petri dish is set in an anaerobic incubator and is subjected to standing culture at a predetermined temperature (36 to 38° C.) for a predetermined period of time (about two to four days). Then, the Petri dish is taken out from the anaerobic incubator, and the number of colonies in the medium is counted to calculate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g).
According to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to calculate and output an estimated result of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain after a storage period t (days), by substituting input values of a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature T (° C.), a storage period t (days), and a water activity value w, into the above-mentioned equation (I) thus derived per each specific strain.
In this way, with use of the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it becomes possible, in the development of a probiotic product containing a specific strain, to obtain an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain after a storage period t (days), in accordance with the equation (I) of each specific strain, without performing a storage test. Therefore, the time for developing the probiotic product can be shortened.
In addition, when it comes to the modification of the formulation of a probiotic product, if the water activity value after the modification of the formulation of this product is known, it is possible to obtain an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) without performing a storage test, by using the device for estimating survival cell count. Therefore, the time for developing the product can be shortened.
Moreover, even though the strain in the product is changed, it is possible to obtain an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) without performing a storage test per each change of the strain, by using the respective equation (I) for the concerned specific strain, with the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention. Therefore, the time for developing the product can be shortened.
Furthermore, with the above-mentioned equation (I), the device for estimating survival cell count is capable of calculating the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of a specific strain required for the composition at the initiation of storage, by substituting input values of a survival cell count nt (CFU/g) after a storage period t (days), a storage temperature T (° C.), the storage period t (days), and a water activity value w.
Similarly, with the above-mentioned equation (I), the device for estimating survival cell count is also capable of calculating the storage temperature T (° C.) required for storing a composition, by substituting input values of a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a survival cell count nt (CFU/g) after a storage period t (days), the storage period t (days), and a water activity value w.
Yet, similarly, with the above-mentioned equation (I), the device for estimating survival cell count is also capable of calculating the storage period t (days) of a composition, by substituting input values of a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, a survival cell count nt (CFU/g) after the storage period t (days), a storage temperature T (° C.), and a water activity value w.
With the above-mentioned equation (I), it is also possible to calculate the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in a probiotic product by estimating the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), in the following manner.
That is, the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention can calculate the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) within a guarantee period t′ (days) when stored at or under a temperature T′ (° C.), in accordance with the following equation (II).

N=nt′×a  (II)

Here, the symbol nt′ refers to the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after a storage period t (days) which has been estimated by the above-mentioned equation (I), assuming that the storage temperature T (° C.) is T′ (° C.) and the storage period t (days) is a guarantee period t′ (days).
Moreover, the symbol T′ (° C.) refers to a specified temperature for storing the probiotic product.
The symbol a refers to a constant less than 1. The constant a is appropriately determined by considering the possibility in which the estimated survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain and the actual survival cell count nt (CFU/g) may be different due to a change in the storage temperature T (° C.) during the storage period, and is typically set from 0.5 to 0.9.
In this way, the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention is capable of deriving the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) of a specific strain contained in a probiotic product within a quality guarantee period, when stored at or under a temperature T′ (° C.), in accordance with the above-mentioned equation (II).
Hereunder is a more detailed description of the method for deriving the above-mentioned equations (I) and (II) for use in the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, with reference to test examples.
Test Example 1
Test with Bifidobacterium longum ATCC BAA-999
Methods
A bacterial powder of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC BAA-999 (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd; hereunder, abbreviated as B. longum BAA-999) was used as a test bacterium for this test. Moreover, in order to produce powders having different water activity values w, a raw starch (corn starch having a water activity value of 0.6, manufactured by Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd.) and a dry starch (purified and sterilized dry corn starch having a water activity value of 0.02, manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were mixed at various ratios, and thereby seven kinds of raw starches having different water activity values (w=0.04, 0.10, 0.16, 0.21, 0.32, 0.40, and 0.57) were respectively produced.
Next, each of these seven kinds of raw starches was respectively added with about 0.1 mass % of the bacterial powder of B. longum BAA-999 at the concentration of 1×108 (CFU/g), and evenly mixed to thereby produce a mixed powder sample of the B. longum BAA-999 bacterial powder and the raw starch.
Then, forty moisture barrier aluminum pouches (made of a PET/AL/PE three layered lamination film) were prepared per sample. Then, 2 to 3 g of the sample was individually packed in each aluminum pouch and sealed up by heat sealing. Two to nineteen pouches per sample were placed respectively in four thermostats (manufactured by SANYO Electric Co., Ltd.) whose temperature was set at 25° C., 37° C., 45° C., and 60° C., respectively (relative humidity was let as it was) to initiate the storage. Thereafter, each individually packed sample in the aluminum pouch was taken out serially from the thermostat, and the survival cell count was measured respectively. Here, Table 1 shows the number of measurements of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in each sample with respect to the storage period (days) at the storage temperature of 25° C. Table 2 shows the number of measurements of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in each sample with respect to the storage period (days) at the storage temperature of 37° C. Table 3 shows the number of measurements of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in each sample with respect to the storage period (days) at the storage temperature of 45° C. Table 4 shows the number of measurements of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in each sample with respect to the storage period (days) at the storage temperature of 60° C. In addition, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) was measured by the following procedure 1) to 6).
1) The aluminum pouch of the sample was opened in a clean bench. The sample was taken out from the aluminum pouch, 1 g of which was added into 99 ml of a sterilized suspension buffer (KH2PO4; 4.5 g, Na2PO4; 6.0 g, L-cysteine; 0.5 g, Tween-80; 0.5 g, and distilled water; 1,000 ml). At that time, the suspension buffer had been warmed at 30 to 40° C. in advance,
2) The sample was completely eluted in the suspension buffer to produce a suspended solution.
3) This suspended solution was diluted with 9.9 ml of a sterilized physiological saline in accordance with a usual method, to produce a diluted solution.
4) This diluted solution was dispensed at, 0.1 to 1.0 ml in each Petri dish using a pipette. Then, about 20 ml of a melt BL agar medium at 45 to 50° C. (blood-free medium, manufactured by Nikken Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. or Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd.) was poured into the Petri dish containing the dispensed diluted solution, and the diluted solution was mixed with the BL agar medium to prepare for pour plate culture.
5) After the BL agar medium had been solidified, the Petri dish was taken out from the clean bench, and as immediately as possible set in an anaerobic incubator filled with a mixed gas (N2; 80%, CO2; 10%, and H2; 10%), followed by a standing culture of the surviving bacterium in the sample at 37° C. for three days under the anaerobic condition.
6) After the three day culture, the Petri dish was taken out from the anaerobic incubator, and the number of colonies formed in the BL agar medium was counted to thereby obtain the survival cell count nt per gram of powder (CFU/g) in accordance with a usual method.








TABLE 1








Number of measurements of survival cell count in each sample with


Storage period
respect to storage period (days) at storage temperature of 25° C.














(days)
W: 0.57
W: 0.40
W: 0.32
W: 0.21
W: 0.16
W: 0.10
W: 0.04

















 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


 14
2
2
2
1
1
0
0


 30
2
2
2
2
2
2
1


 60
2
2
2
2
2
0
1


 90
1
1
2
1
2
2
2


180
0
2
2
2
2
2
2


270
0
2
2
2
2
2
2


360
0
2
2
2
2
2
2


540
0
1
2
2
2
2
2


720
0
0
0
1
1
1
1


900
0
0
1
1
0
1
1


Total number
9
16
19
18
18
16
16


of measurements

















TABLE 2








Number of measurements of survival cell count in each sample with


Storage period
respect to storage period (days) at storage temperature of 37° C.














(days)
W: 0.57
W: 0.40
W: 0.32
W: 0.21
W: 0.16
W: 0.10
W: 0.04

















 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


 4
1
1
0
0
0
0
0


 7
2
2
2
0
0
0
0


 10
1
0
0
0
0
0
0


 14
0
2
2
2
1
1
0


 30
0
2
2
2
2
2
0


 60
0
0
2
2
2
0
0


 90
0
0
1
1
2
2
2


180
0
0
0
2
2
2
2


270
0
0
0
1
2
2
2


360
0
0
0
0
2
2
2


540
0
0
0
0
2
2
2


720
0
0
0
0
0
1
1


900
0
0
0
0
0
1
1


Total number of
6
9
11
12
17
17
14


measurements

















TABLE 3








Number of measurements of survival cell count in each sample with


Storage period
respect to storage period (days) at storage temperature of 45° C.














(days)
W: 0.57
W: 0.40
W: 0.32
W: 0.21
W: 0.16
W: 0.10
W: 0.04

















 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


 2
1
2
2
0
0
0
0


 4
1
2
2
2
2
1
1


 7
0
1
2
2
2
2
1


 14
0
0
2
2
2
2
2


 21
0
0
0
1
0
0
0


 30
0
0
1
2
2
2
2


 60
0
0
0
1
1
2
2


 90
0
0
0
1
1
2
2


180
0
0
0
1
0
2
2


270
0
0.
0
0
0
2
1


360
0
0
0
0
0
0
1


Total number
4
7
11
14
12
17
16


of measurements

















TABLE 4








Number of measurements of survival cell count in each sample with


Storage period
respect to storage period (days) at storage temperature of 60° C.














(days)
W: 0.57
W: 0.40
W: 0.32
W: 0.21
W: 0.16
W: 0.10
W: 0.04

















 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


 1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0


 2
0
1
0
2
2
0
0


 3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0


 4
0
0
0
2
2
2
2


 7
0
0
0
0
2
2
2


10
0
0
0
0
0
1
0


14
0
0
0
0
1
2
2


30
0
0
0
0
0
0
2


60
0
0
0
0
0
0
2


90
0
0
0
0
0
0
1


Total number of
2
3
2
8
9
9
13


measurements









Results

The thus counted timewise measurement results of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the respective samples having different water activity values w at the respective storage temperatures (° C.) are shown in FIG. 1 for the case of the storage temperature of 25° C., FIG. 2 for the case of the storage temperature of 37° C., FIG. 3 for the case of the storage temperature of 45° C., and FIG. 4 for the case of the storage temperature of 60° C. In the FIGS. 1 to 4, the X-axis shows the storage period (days)× 1/30 and the Y-axis shows the common logarithmic value of the survival cell count (Log10 CFU/g).
Next, the regression lines of respective samples were formed from FIGS. 1 to 4. Then, regarding samples which gave highly correlated regression lines (R2>0.6), the absolute value of the slope of the regression line was defined as the inactivation rate k of the strain. The following Table 5 shows the inactivation rates k at respective storage temperatures T (° C.) with variations of water activity values w. Here, the unit of the inactivation rate k in Table 5 is Log10 CFU/g/month which represents the common logarithmic value of the count of killed bacteria per month. In addition, those exhibiting poor reliability in terms of the inactivation rate k, because of a small number of times of measurement or low correlation of the regression line (R2<0.6), were denoted by N.D.








TABLE 5







Storage
Water activity value w














temperature
0.57
0.40
0.32
0.21
0.16
0.10
0.04

















60° C.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
26.036
11.601 
4.285
1.195


45° C.
N.D.
21.509 
5.361
0.913
0.681
0.176
0.099


37° C.
11.011
4.198
1.294
0.404
0.070
0.046
0.015


25° C.
 0.857
0.155
0.056
0.012
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.









Here, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of a specific strain after a storage period t (days) can be expressed by the following equation (1), provided that the symbol k stands for the inactivation rate shown in Table 5 and the symbol t stands for the storage period.

Log10 nt=Log10 n0−t×k  (1)

nt: survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days)
n0: viable cell count (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage
t: storage period (days)× 1/30
k: inactivation rate (Log10 CFU/g/month)
Moreover, the following equation (2) was obtained by modifying the above-mentioned equation (1).

k=(N0−Nt)/t  (2)

N0: common logarithmic value of n0, that is, Log10 n0 
Nt: common logarithmic value of nt, that is, Log10 nt 
On the other hand, the inactivation rate k of Table 5 was converted into the natural logarithmic value, and the inverse number of the absolute temperature (K) of the storage temperature T (° C.) was obtained. Thereafter, the relation between the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k and the inverse number of the absolute temperature (K) was plotted to thereby obtain the regression lines as shown in FIG. 5. These regression lines with the respective water activity values w showed strong negative correlations (R2>0.98) between the inactivation rate k and the inverse number of the absolute temperature (K). Accordingly, it was shown that, with any water activity value w, the inactivation rate k is in a relation depending on the storage temperature T (° C.) (the inactivation rate k increases as the storage temperature T (° C.) increases) following the Arrhenius Law, and that the regression lines of FIG. 5 are Arrhenius plots.
By so doing, it was understood that, when it comes to B. longum BAA-999, with any water activity value w, the inactivation rate k is dependent on the storage temperature (° C.), and the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k and the and the storage temperature (° C.) are in a proportional relation.
Moreover, the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k at respective temperature calculated from Table 5 was obtained, after which the relation between the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k at respective storage temperature and the water activity value w of the sample was plotted to thereby obtain the regression lines as shown in FIG. 6. Then, from the correlations of these regression lines, it was revealed that, at any storage temperature (° C.), there was a strong positive correlation (R2>0.952) between the water activity value w and the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k. By so doing, it was understood that the inactivation rate k of B. longum BAA-999 is proportional to the water activity value w of the composition, and that the relation between the inactivation rate k and the water activity value can be expressed by the following equation (3) which represents the regression line of FIG. 6.

Lnk=k′w+C  (3)

k′: slope (regression coefficient) of the linear regression line of FIG. 6
w: water activity value of the composition
C: Y-intercept of the regression line of FIG. 6
Then, the equation (2) was substituted into the equation (3), by which the following equation (4) was derived.

Ln {(N0−Nt)/t}=k′w+C  (4)

Furthermore, the equation (4) can be modified into the following equation (5) by definition.

(N0−Nt)/t=EXP(k′w+C)  (5)

Furthermore, the equation (5) was converted into the following equation (6).

Nt=N0−t×EXP(k′w+C)  (6)

In this way, it was revealed that the common logarithmic value (Nt=Log10 nt) of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) after the storage period t (days) can be expressed by the equation (6).
From these, it was shown that the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain B. longum BAA-999 contained in a composition after storage was strongly dependent on the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition. From this result, it was assumed to be possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in a composition after storage, by using the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition. Consequently, equations of these regression lines at respective storage temperatures (° C.) were calculated from the regression lines of FIG. 6. The thus obtained equations are shown in Table 6.









TABLE 6





Storage




temperature
Equation of regression line
Correlation coefficient







25° C.
y = 12.08x − 6.8239
R2 = 0.9953


37° C.
y = 13.269x − 4.362
R2 = 0.9516


45° C.
y = 15.118x − 3.06
R2 = 0.994


60° C.
y = 18.411x − 0.508
R2 = 0.9695









Here, as the equations of the regression lines at respective storage temperatures (° C.) shown in Table 6 represent the above-mentioned equation (3), the coefficients k′ and the constants C at respective storage temperatures (° C.) can be obtained from Table 6. The results thereof were k′=12.02, C=−6.8176 at the storage temperature of 25° C., k′=13.122, C=−4.321 at the storage temperature of 37° C., k′=15.130, C=−3.051 at the storage temperature of 45° C., and k′=18.000, C=−0.459 at the storage temperature of 60° C.
Then, the relation between the coefficient k′ at respective storage temperature and the storage temperature (° C.) was plotted, from which the regression line expressed by y=0.1762x+7.2137 was derived as shown in FIG. 7. Moreover, the relation between the constant C at respective storage temperature and the storage temperature (° C.) was plotted, from which the regression line expressed by y=0.18x−11.178 was derived as shown in FIG. 8. In addition, the respective correlation coefficients thereof were shown to be very high at R2=0.9717 and R2=0.9969. From this, it was proven that the coefficient k′ and the constant C are able to be expressed by the following equation (7) and the following equation (8).

k′=0.1762×T+7.2137  (7)

C=0.18×T−11.178  (8)

T: storage temperature (° C.)
The equation (7) corresponds to (k′=AT×T+BT) in the above-mentioned equation (I), and the equation (8) corresponds to (C=CT×T+DT) in the above-mentioned equation (I). That is, in this example, AT=0.1762, BT=7.2137, CT=0.18, and DT=11.178.
Then, by substituting the equation (7) and the equation (8) into the equation (6), the following equation (9) was derived.

Nt=N0−t×EXP{(0.1762×T+7.2137)w+(0.18×T−11.178)}  (9)

Furthermore, Nt and N0 were subjected to logarithmic transformation, and the following equation (10) was derived in the end.

Log10 nt=Log10 n0−t×EXP{(0.1762×T+7.2137)w+(0.18×T−11.178)}  (10)

From these, it was revealed that B. longum BAA-999 contained at a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) in the composition at the initiation of storage will show a survival cell count nt (CFU/g) after a storage period-t (days) when stored at a storage temperature T (° C.) in a storage condition with a water activity value w, which can be expressed by the above-mentioned equation (10). Moreover, it was shown from the equation (10) that the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) changes depending on the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature T (° C.), the storage period t (days), and the water activity value w.
Accordingly, with the equation (10), it is possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of B. longum BAA-999 contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), by determining the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature T (° C.), the storage period t (days), and the water activity value w.
Test Example 2
Test with Bifidobacterium breve BCCM LMG 23729
Methods
The test was carried out in the same manner as that of the test example 1, except for that a bacterial powder of Bifidobacterium breve BCCM LMG 23729 (Bifidobacterium breve M16V, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd; hereunder, abbreviated as B. breve LMG 23729) was used as a test bacterium, a storage temperature (° C.) of 5° C. was added, and the water activity value w of raw starch of respective sample was changed as of the following Table 7 by modifying the ratio of raw starch to dry starch.
Results
Similarly to the test example 1, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample was measured. From the regression line regarding its survivability, the inactivation rates k of B. breve LMG 23729 in respective storage conditions were calculated, and the results are as shown in Table 7.








TABLE 7







Storage
Water activity value w














temperature
0.51
0.33
0.27
0.22
0.16
0.11
0.04

















60° C.
N.D.
N.D.
42.918
13.995
5.0323
2.4053
0.4181


45° C.
N.D.
7.0597
5.6308
1.6583
1.1505
0.4001
N.D.


37° C.
3.3085
0.5401
0.2828
0.0762
0.0439
0.021 
0.0147


25° C.
N.D.
0.0323
0.0154
0.007
0.005 
N.D.
N.D.


 5° C.
N.D.
0.0319
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.









In addition, the relation between the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k and the water activity value w of Table 7 was plotted. As a result, it was shown that, at any storage temperature (° C.), there was a strong positive correlation (R2>0.9499) between the inactivation rate k and the water activity value w, as shown in FIG. 9. Accordingly, the inactivation rate k of B. breve LMG 23729 was shown to be proportional to the water activity value w of the composition, similarly to the test example 1.
Then, it was revealed that, similarly to the test example 1, the following equation (11) can work out with B. breve LMG 23729, like the above-mentioned equation (6) of the test example 1, by using the storage period t (days), the storage temperature T (° C.), and the water activity value w, provided that the symbol nt stands for the survival cell count (CFU/g) after storage and the symbol n0 stands for the bacterial count (CFU/g) at the initiation of storage.

Nt=N0−t×EXP(k′w+C)  (11)

From these, it was shown that the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain B. breve LMG 23729 contained in a composition after storage was strongly dependent on the storage temperature T (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition, similarly to the test example 1. From this result, it was assumed to be possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in a composition after storage, by using the storage temperature T (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition. Consequently, equations of these regression lines at respective storage temperatures (° C.) were calculated from the regression lines of FIG. 10. The thus obtained equations are shown in Table 8.









TABLE 8





Storage




temperature
Equation of regression line
Correlation coefficient







25° C.
y = 11.346x − 7.247
R2 = 0.9679


37° C.
y = 12.346x − 4.9591
R2 = 0.9787


45° C.
y = 15.242x − 2.5315
R2 = 0.9499


60° C.
y = 19.405x − 1.5009
R2 = 0.992









Here, similarly to the test example 1, the coefficients k′ and the constants C at respective storage temperatures (° C.) can be obtained from Table 8. The results thereof were k′=11.346, C=−7.247 at the storage temperature of 25° C., k′=12.346, C=−4.9591 at the storage temperature of 37° C., k′=15.242, C=−2.5315 at the storage temperature of 45° C., and k′=19.405, C=−1.5009 at the storage temperature of 60° C.
Then, the relation between the coefficient k′ at respective storage temperature and the temperature (° C.) was plotted to obtain the regression line, from which y=0.2396x+4.5794 was derived. Moreover, the relation between the constant C at respective temperature and the storage temperature (° C.) was plotted to obtain the regression line, from which y=0.691x−11.118 was derived. In addition, the correlation coefficients of the respective equations were R2=0.9483 and R2=0.931, showing a strong correlation between the constant C at respective temperature and the storage temperature (° C.) similarly to the test example 1. From this, it was proven that the coefficient k′ and the constant C of B. breve LMG 23729 are able to be expressed by the following equation (12) and the following equation (13).

k′=0.2396×T+4.5794  (12)

C=0.691×T−11.118  (13)

The equation (12) corresponds to (k′=AT×T+BT) in the above-mentioned equation (I), and the equation (13) corresponds to (C=CT×T+DT) in the above-mentioned equation (I). That is, in this example, AT=0.2396, BT=4.5794, CT=0.691, and DT=−11.118.
T: storage temperature (° C.)
Then, by substituting the equation (12) and the equation (13) into the equation (11), and further by logarithmically transforming N0 into Log0 n0 and Nt into Log10 nt, the following equation (14) was derived.

Log10 nt=Log0 n0−t×EXP{(0.2396×T+4.5794)w+(0.691×T−11.118)}  (14)

With the equation (14), it is possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of B. breve LMG 23729 contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), by determining the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature T (° C.), the storage period t (days), and the water activity value w.
Test Example 3
Test with Bifidobacterium pseudolongum IFO 15861
Methods
The test was carried out in the same manner as that of the test example 1, except for that a bacterial powder of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum IFO 15861 (Bifidobacterium pseudolongum M-602, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd; hereunder, abbreviated as B. pseudolongum IFO 15861) was used as a test bacterium, and the water activity value w of raw starch of respective sample was changed as of the following Table 9 by modifying the ratio of raw starch to dry starch.
Results
Similarly to the test example 1, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample was measured. From the regression line regarding its survivability, the inactivation rates k of B. pseudolongum IFO 15861 in respective storage conditions were calculated and the results are as shown in Table 9.








TABLE 9







Storage
Water activity value w














temperature
0.53
0.34
0.28
0.23
0.18
0.12
0.06

















60° C.
N.D.
N.D.
26.757
12.438
2.8028
2.1649
0.5457


45° C.
N.D.
5.9646
1.7352
0.9849
0.4273
0.1283
0.0708


37° C.
N.D.
0.3008
0.1942
0.0727
0.0522
0.0189
−0.004


25° C.
0.9498
0.0234
N.D.
N.D.
N.D.
0.0061
N.D.









In addition, the relation between the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k and the water activity value w of Table 9 was plotted. As a result, it was shown that, at any storage temperature (° C.), there was a strong positive correlation (R2>0.91) between the inactivation rate k and the water activity value w, as shown in FIG. 10. Accordingly, the inactivation rate k of B. pseudolongum IFO 15861 was shown to be proportional to the water activity value w of the composition, similarly to the test example 1.
Then, it was revealed that, similarly to the test example 1, the following equation (15) can work out with B. pseudolongum IFO 15861, like the above-mentioned equation (6) of the test example 1, by using the storage period t (days), the storage temperature T (° C.), and the water activity value w, provided that the symbol nt stands for the survival cell count (CFU/g) after storage and the symbol n0 stands for the bacterial count (CFU/g) at the initiation of storage.

Nt=N0t×EXP(k′w+C)  (15)

From these, it was shown that the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain B. pseudolongum IFO 15861 contained in a composition after storage was strongly dependent on the storage temperature T (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition, similarly to the test example 1. From this result, it was assumed to be possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in a composition after storage, by using the storage temperature T (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition. Consequently, equations of these regression lines at respective storage temperatures (° C.) were calculated from the regression lines of FIG. 12. The thus obtained equations are shown in Table 10.









TABLE 10





Storage




temperature
Equation of regression line
Correlation coefficient







25° C.
y = 12.192x − 6.9977
R2 = 0.9108


37° C.
y = 15.039x − 6.0165
R2 = 0.9622


45° C.
y = 15.973x − 3.7595
R2 = 0.9918


60° C.
y = 17.252x − 1.601
R2 = 0.9632









The coefficients k′ and the constants C at respective storage temperatures (° C.) can be obtained from Table 10. The results thereof were k′=11.346, C=−7.247 at the storage temperature of 25° C., k′=12.346, C=−4.9591 at the storage temperature of 37° C., k′=15.242, C=−2.5315 at the storage temperature of 45° C., and k′=19.405, C=−1.5009 at the storage temperature of 60° C.
Then, the relation between the coefficient k′ at respective temperature and the temperature (° C.) was plotted to obtain the regression line, from which y=0.1409x+9.2317 was derived. Moreover, the relation between the constant C at respective temperature and the storage temperature (° C.) was plotted to obtain the regression line, from which y=0.1614x−11.33 was derived. In addition, the correlation coefficients of the respective equations were R2=0.9266 and R2=0.9646, showing similar correlation to that of the test example 1. From this, it was proven that the coefficient k′ and the constant C of B. pseudolongum IFO 15861 are able to be expressed by the following equation (16) and the following equation (17).

k′=0.1409×T+9.2317  (16)

C=0.1614×T−11.33  (17)

The equation (16) corresponds to (k′=AT×T+BT) in the above-mentioned equation (I), and the equation (17) corresponds to (C=CT×T+DT) in the above-mentioned equation (I). That is, in this example, AT=0.1409, BT=9.2317, CT=0.1614, DT=−11.33.
T: storage temperature (° C.)
Then, by substituting the equation (16) and the equation (17) into the equation (15), and further by logarithmically transforming N0 into Log10 n0 and Nt into Log10 nt, the following equation (18) was derived.

Log10 nt=Log10 n0−t×EXP{(0.1409×T+9.2317)w+(0.1614×T−11.33)}  (18)

With the equation (18), it is possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of B. pseudolongum IFO 15861 contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), by determining the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature T (° C.), the storage period t (days), and the water activity value w.
Hereunder is another description of the method for deriving the above-mentioned equation (I) and the method for setting the guaranteed cell count for use in the method for estimating the survival cell count of lactic acid bacteria, with reference to the test example 4.
Test Example 4
Test with Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-300
Methods
The test was carried out in the same manner as that of the test example 1, except for that a bacterial powder of Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO-15862 (Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-300, manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd; hereunder, abbreviated as L. acidophilus LAC-300) was used as a test bacterium, the storage temperature (° C.) was set at 30° C., rather than 25° C., the water activity value w of raw starch of respective sample was changed as of the following Table 11 by modifying the ratio of raw starch to dry starch, and the culture was performed under an aerobic condition rather than the anaerobic condition for the measurement of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g).
Results
Similarly to the test example 1, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) in the sample was measured. From the regression line regarding its survivability, the inactivation rates k of L. acidophilus LAC-300 in respective storage conditions were calculated and the results are as shown in Table 11.








TABLE 11







Storage
Water activity value w












temperature
0.55
0.3
0.23
0.15
0.01















60° C.
N.D.
N.D.
43.37
9.112
0.895


45° C.
N.D.
6.7053
0.7342
0.4736
N.D.


37° C.
20.128
1.0547
0.1321
0.073
N.D.


30° C.
5.9242
0.0888
N.D.
0.0481
N.D.









In addition, the relation between the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k and the water activity value w of Table 11 was plotted. As a result, it was shown that, at any storage temperature (° C.), there was a strong positive correlation (R2>0.8876) between the inactivation rate k and the water activity value w, as shown in FIG. 13. Accordingly, the inactivation rate k of L. acidophilus LAC-300 was shown to be proportional to the water activity value w of the composition, similarly to the test example 1.
Then, it was revealed that, similarly to the test example 1, the following equation (19) can work out with L. acidophilus LAC-300, like the above-mentioned equation (6) of the test example 1, by using the storage period t (days), the storage temperature T (° C.), and the water activity value w, provided that the symbol nt stands for the survival cell count (CFU/g) after storage and the symbol n0 stands for the bacterial count (CFU/g) at the initiation of storage.

Nt=N0−t×EXP(k′w+C)  (19)

From these, it was shown that the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain L. acidophilus LAC-300 contained in a composition after storage was strongly dependent on the storage temperature T (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition, similarly to the test example 1. From this result, it was assumed to be possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in a composition after storage, by using the storage temperature T (° C.) of the composition and the water activity value w of the composition. Consequently, equations of these regression lines at respective storage temperatures (° C.) were calculated from the regression lines of FIG. 13. The thus obtained equations are shown in Table 12.









TABLE 12





Storage




temperature
Equation of regression line
Correlation coefficient







30° C.
y = 13.135x − 5.7123
R2 = 0.9484


37° C.
y = 14.526x − 4.8705
R2 = 0.9767


45° C.
y = 17.72x − 3.7463
R2 = 0.8876


60° C.
y = 17.976x − 0.3807
R2 = 0.9948









Here, similarly to the test example 1, the coefficients k′ and the constants C at respective storage temperatures (° C.) can be obtained from Table 12. The results thereof were k′ 13.135, C=−5.7123 at the storage temperature of 30° C., k′=14.526, C=−4.8705 at the storage temperature of 37° C., k′=17.72, C=−3.7463 at the storage temperature of 45° C., and k′=13.135, C=−57123 at the storage temperature of 60° C.
Then, the relation between the coefficient k′ at respective temperature and the temperature (° C.) was plotted to obtain the regression line, from which y=0.1669x+8.6621 was derived. Moreover, the relation between the constant C at respective temperature and the storage temperature (° C.) was plotted to obtain the regression line, from which y=0.1839x−11.327 was derived. In addition, the correlation coefficients of the respective equations were R2=0.86621 and R2=0.9853, showing similar correlation to that of the test example 1. From this, it was proven that the coefficient k′ and the constant C of L. acidophilus LAC-300 are able to be expressed by the following equation (20) and the following equation (21).

k′=0.1669×T+8.6621  (20)

C=0.1839×T−11.327  (21)

The equation (20) corresponds to (k′=AT×T+BT) in the above-mentioned equation (I), and the equation (21) corresponds to (C=CT×T+DT) in the above-mentioned equation (I). That is, in this example, AT=0.1669, BT=8.6621, CT=0.1839, and DT=−11.327.
T: storage temperature (° C.)
Then, by substituting the equation (20) and the equation (21) into the equation (19), and further by logarithmically transforming N0 into Log10 n0 and Nt into Log10 nt, the following equation (22) was derived.

Log10 nt=Log10 n0−t×EXP{(0.1669×T+8.6621)w+(0.1839×T−11.327)}  (22)

With the equation (22), it is possible to estimate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of L. acidophilus LAC-300 contained in the composition after a storage period t (days), by determining the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature T (° C.), the storage period t (days), and the water activity value w.
In the test example 1 through the test example 3, all the strains were bacterial belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium. However, because the Non-patent Document 8 showed that the survivability of lactic acid bacteria is also dependent on the storage temperature and the water activity value, the equation (I) is applicable to this bacteria, the detail of which is shown in the test example 4. Furthermore, the survival cell count estimation method of the present invention is also applicable to another strain belonging to a different bacterial genus, in the same manner as that of the test example 1 through the test example 4, as long as the survivability of the strain is proven to be dependent on the storage temperature and the water activity value.
Next is a description of the structure and the process of the device for estimating survival cell count according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of a device 1 for estimating survival cell count according to one embodiment of the present invention. The device 1 for estimating survival cell count can be realized by a computer device such as a personal computer, and comprises an input receiver 11, a constant/coefficient calculation unit 12, a memory unit 13, a calculation unit 14, and an output instruction unit 15.
The input receiver 11 receives an input of information entered by the user through an input unit such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, a button, and a key. Alternatively, the input receiver 11 may also receive information from another computer device linked through a network, or may read out information from a computer-readable recording medium.
The constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 calculates AT, BT, CT, and DT serving as the coefficients and the constants for use in the equation (I), and writes them into the memory unit 13. In accordance with the equation (I) using AT, BT, CT, and DT stored in the memory unit 13, the calculation unit 14 calculates a survival cell count of a strain contained in a composition after a storage period, a storage period of a composition containing a strain, a viable cell count of a strain contained in a composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of a composition, or a water activity value of a composition. Moreover, the calculation unit 14 calculates a guaranteed cell count in accordance with the equation (II).
The output instruction unit 15 has a function to output the calculation result from the calculation unit 14 to an output unit, for example, to display the result on CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal display), or such a display panel, or to print out the result using a printer or the like. Alternatively, the output instruction unit 15 may also write the calculation result from the calculation unit 14 into a computer-readable recording medium, or may output the result to another computer device linked through a network.
Next is a description of the process for calculating AT, BT, CT, and DT serving as the coefficients and the constants of the equation (I), by using the device 1 for estimating survival cell count.
First, the input receiver 11 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count receives an input of information on the type of the strain, the storage condition under which the above-mentioned experiment has been done on the strain, the thus yielded experimental results of the storage temperature (° C.) and the water activity value w of the composition containing the strain, the storage period of the composition (days), and the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) in the composition after the storage period.
The constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 respectively calculates the first regression line (refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 and Table 5) per each storage condition, that is, per each storage temperature (° C.) and water activity value, by having the common logarithmic value of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the specific strain in respective sample on the Y-axis and the storage period t (days)× 1/30 on the X-axis. The constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 gains the absolute value of the slope (regression coefficient) of the first regression line that has been obtained per each storage condition, as the inactivation rate k of each storage condition.
Next, the constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 respectively calculates the second regression line y=ax+b (refer to FIG. 6 and Table 6) per each storage temperature (° C.), by having the natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate k at respective storage temperature (° C.) on the Y-axis and the water activity value w on the X-axis.
Furthermore, the constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 calculates the third regression linear equation (refer to FIG. 7) by having the slope (a) of the second regression line on the Y-axis and the storage temperature T (° C.) on the X-axis, to thereby obtain the slope AT and the Y-intercept BT of this third regression line.
Subsequently, the constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 calculates the fourth regression linear equation (refer to FIG. 8) by having the constant (b) of the second regression line on the Y-axis and the storage temperature T (° C.) on the X-axis, to thereby obtain the slope CT and the Y-intercept DT of this fourth regression line.
The constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 associates the thus calculated AT, BT, CT, and DT with the information on the type of the bacterium strain and writes the associated data into the memory unit 13.
Next is a description of the process for calculating a survival cell count of a strain contained in a composition after a storage period, a storage period of a composition containing a strain, a viable cell count of a strain contained in a composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of a composition, a water activity value of a composition, and a guaranteed cell count, by using the device 1 for estimating survival cell count.
Calculation of Survival Cell Count of Strain Contained in Composition after Storage Period and Calculation of Guaranteed Cell Count
The input receiver 11 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, that is, the type of the strain, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, and the water activity value w of the composition.
The calculation unit 14 reads out the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the input information on the type of the strain from the memory unit 13, and substitutes the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, and the water activity value w of the composition, presented by the input information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, into the equation (I) using the read-out AT, BT, CT, and DT, to thereby calculate the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the bacterium strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days).
Furthermore, using the calculated survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period t (days), the calculation unit 14 calculates a guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) when stored at or under a temperature T′ (° C.) within a guarantee period t′ (days), in accordance with the equation (II). The temperature T′ (° C.) and the guarantee period t′ (days) are the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition and the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, presented by the information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count.
The output instruction unit 15 outputs the information on the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the bacterium strain contained in the composition after the storage period and the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) that have been calculated by the calculation unit 14.
Calculation of Storage Period of Composition
The input receiver 11 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the storage period, that is, the type of the strain, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition containing the strain, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and the water activity value w of the composition.
The calculation unit 14 reads out the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the input information on the type of the strain from the memory unit 13, and substitutes the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, and the water activity value w of the composition, presented by the input information on conditions for calculating the storage period, into the equation (I) using the read-out AT, BT, CT, and DT, to thereby calculate the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain.
The output instruction unit 15 outputs the information on the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain that has been calculated by the calculation unit 14.
Calculation of Viable Cell Count of Strain Contained in Composition at the Initiation of Storage
The input receiver 11 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the viable cell count at the initiation of storage, that is, the type of the strain, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, and the water activity value w of the composition.
The calculation unit 14 reads out the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the input information on the type of the strain from the memory unit 13, and substitutes the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, and the water activity value w of the composition, presented by the input information on conditions for calculating the viable cell count at the initiation of storage, into the equation (I) using the read-out AT, BT, CT, and DT, to thereby calculate the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage.
The output instruction unit 15 outputs the information on the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage that has been calculated by the calculation unit 14.
Calculation of Storage Temperature of Composition
The input receiver 11 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the storage temperature, that is, the type of the strain, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, and the water activity value w of the composition.
The calculation unit 14 reads out the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the input information on the type of the strain from the memory unit 13, and substitutes the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, and the water activity value w of the composition, presented by the input information on conditions, for calculating the storage temperature, into the equation (1) using the read-out AT, BT, CT, and DT, to thereby calculate the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition.
The output instruction unit 15 outputs the information on the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition that has been calculated by the calculation unit 14.
Calculation of Water Activity Value of Composition
The input receiver 11 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the water activity value, that is, the type of the strain, the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, and the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition.
The calculation unit 14 reads out the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the input information on the type of the strain from the memory unit 13, and substitutes the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition after the storage period, the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage, the storage period (days) of the composition containing the strain, and the storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, presented by the input information on conditions for calculating the water activity value, into the equation (I) using the read-out AT, BT, CT, and DT, to thereby calculate the water activity value w of the composition.
The output instruction unit 15 outputs the information on the water activity value w of the composition that has been calculated by the calculation unit 14.
In the above-mentioned process, if the standard unit of the input information of each condition is different from the standard unit for use in the equation (I), the unit of the input information of each condition has to be converted into the unit for use in the equation (I) before substitution.
FIG. 12 shows an example of an image output from the device 1 for estimating survival cell count.
In this image, firstly, a tab corresponding to the strain type and the calculation object are selected from the tabs T1 to T5 by the input unit of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count. This image shows the case where bifidobacterium is selected as the strain type and the survival cell count of the strain contained in a composition after a storage period (survival cell count estimation) is selected as the calculation object, by the tab T1.
This image also shows a field an input field A1 for entering a storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, an input field A2 for entering a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage (initial bacterial count), an input field A3 for entering a water activity value of the composition, and an input field A4 for entering a storage period (months) of the composition containing the strain. When the user enters these numerical values into the input fields A1 to A4 by the input unit of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count, the calculation unit 14 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count calculates the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the bacterium strain contained in the composition after the storage period, by substituting the values that have been entered into the input fields A1 to A4, into the equation (I) using the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the selected strain type, in this case, bifidobacterium, and the output instruction unit 15 displays the calculation result in the display field A5. The equation (I) using the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to bifidobacterium can be exemplified by the equation (10) in the test example 1.
In this image, the output instruction unit 15 further displays the estimated survival rate (survival cell count of the bacterium strain contained in the composition after the storage period)/(viable cell count of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage) calculated by the calculation unit 14, in the display field A6, and displays the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) calculated by the calculation unit 14 in accordance with the equation (II), in the display field A7.
FIG. 14 shows another example of an image output from the device 1 for estimating survival cell count.
This image shows the case where L. acidophilus LAC-300 is selected as the strain type and the survival cell count of the strain contained in a composition after a storage period (estimated survival cell count) is selected as the calculation object, by selecting the tab T11 with the input unit of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count.
The user enters numerical values into a field an input field A11 for entering a storage temperature (° C.) of the composition, an input field A12 for entering a viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage (initial bacterial count), an input field A13 for entering a water activity value of the composition, and an input field A14 for entering a storage period (months) of the composition containing the strain, by the input unit of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count. Thereby the calculation unit 14 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count calculates the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of the bacterium strain contained in the composition after the storage period, by substituting the values that have been entered into the input fields A11 to A14, into the equation (I) using the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to the selected strain type, in this case, L. acidophilus LAC-300, and the output instruction unit 15 displays the calculation result in the display field A15. The equation (I) using the AT, BT, CT, and DT corresponding to L. acidophilus LAC-300 can be exemplified by the equation (22) in the test example 4.
The output instruction unit 15 further displays the estimated survival rate in the display field A16, and displays the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) in the display field A17.
According to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to calculate an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count of a specific strain in a probiotic product with respect to its storage period, and to shorten the time for developing the product.
Moreover, according to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to calculate a guaranteed cell count of a specific strain in a probiotic product within its quality guarantee period.
The device 1 for estimating survival cell count may comprises only an input receiver 11, a memory unit 13, a calculation unit 14, and an output instruction unit 15. In this case, the memory unit 13 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count has AT, BT, CT, and DT calculated by another device 1 for estimating survival cell count which comprises at least an input receiver 11 and a constant/coefficient calculation unit 12.
The above-mentioned device 1 for estimating survival cell count has a computer system therein. The operation manner of the input receiver 11, the coefficient/constant calculation unit 12, the calculation unit 14, and the output instruction unit 15 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count is recorded in a computer-readable recording medium in the form of a program. This program is read out and executed by a computer system, by which the above-mentioned process is carried out. The computer system referred to herein includes CPU, various kinds of memories, OS, peripheral equipments, and such hardwares.
In addition, if the WWW system is employed, the term “computer system” also includes homepage providing environments (or display environments).
Moreover, the term “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optic disk, ROM, and CD-ROM, or a memory device such as a hard disk installed in a computer system. Furthermore, the term “computer-readable recording medium” also includes those dynamically holding a program in a short period of time, such as a communication line for sending a program through a network like an internet or through a communication line like a telephone line, as well as those holding a program for a fixed period of time, such as, in this case, a volatile memory inside a computer system on the server or client side. The object of the above-mentioned program may be to realize a part of the above-mentioned function, or to realize the above-mentioned function when combined with another program already recorded in a computer system.
EXAMPLE
Example 1
A bacterial powder of B. longum BAA-999 manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd was added to skim milk (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd) having a water activity value of 0.25, at the concentration of 1×108 (CFU/g) in the powder milk, to thereby produce a milk powder containing bifidobacteria in which the viable cell count n0 (CFU/g) of the strain contained in the composition at the initiation of storage was 1×108 (CFU/g). This milk powder containing bifidobacteria was sealed up in an aluminum pouch by heat sealing. On the other hand, to obtain the survivability of B. longum BAA-999, the constant/coefficient calculation unit 12 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count gained AT, BT, CT, and DT from the input values of the storage condition of the test example 1, and its experimental results, by which the following relation equation was given.

Log10nt=Log10n0−t×EXP{(0.1762×T+7.2137)w+(0.18×T−11.178)}  (23)

Since this product is supposed to be stored at or under 25° C. and the best-before period was planned to be set at 540 days (18 months), the calculation unit 14 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count made a calculation of the survival cell count nt (CFU/g) after the storage period of 540 days at 25° C., in accordance with the equation (23). That is, based on the information received by the input receiver 1×108 was substituted in n0, 540× 1/30=18 was substituted in t, 25 was substituted in T, and 0.25 was substituted in w of the equation (23), by which the following equation was given.

Log10n18=Log10(1×108)−18×EXP{(0.1762×25+7.2137)×0.25+(0.18×25−11.178)}

Then, n18=3.9×107 was obtained from this equation. Accordingly, the survival cell count n18 (CFU/g) of the milk powder containing bifidobacteria having the water activity value of 0.25 of the example 1 after 18 months from the initiation of storage when stored at 25° C. was estimated to be 3.9×107 (CFU/g).
Furthermore, the calculation unit 14 of the device 1 for estimating survival cell count made a calculation of the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) of the milk powder containing bifidobacteria of the example 1 within the guarantee period of 540 days when stored at or under 25° C., in accordance with the equation (24). Here, 3.9×107, which had been obtained from the above-mentioned equation (23), was substituted in nt′ and 0.8 was substituted in a.

N=nt′×a  (24)

N≈3.1×107 was obtained from the equation (24). Thus, the guaranteed cell count N (CFU/g) of the milk powder containing bifidobacteria of the example 1 within the guarantee period of 540 days when stored at or under 25° C. was set at 3.1×107 (CFU/g).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
According to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to calculate an accurately estimated result of the survival cell count (CFU/g) of a specific strain in a probiotic product with respect to its storage period, and to apply for a usage to shorten the time for developing the product. Moreover, according to the device for estimating survival cell count of the present invention, it is possible to apply for a usage to readily calculate a guaranteed cell count of a specific strain in a probiotic product within its quality guarantee period.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE SYMBOLS


    1 . . . Device for estimating survival cell count
    11 . . . Input receiver
    12 . . . Constant/coefficient calculation unit
    13 . . . Memory unit
    14 . . . Calculation unit
    15 . . . Output instruction unit

## Claims

1. A system for estimating survival cell count which estimates a survival cell count of a specific strain contained in a solid composition after storage, the composition being sealed in a moisture barrier container, the system comprising:
a plural number of moisture barrier containers configured so that specific strain-containing solid composition samples can be individually packed and sealed up therein;
a storage device which can maintain a fixed storage temperature (° C.); and
a device which comprises:
an input receiver which receives an input of information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, which presents a storage period of the composition containing said strain, a viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of said composition, and a water activity value of said composition;
a calculation unit which calculates the survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing said strain, the viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature of said composition, and the water activity value of said composition, presented by said information on conditions for calculating the survival cell count, input of which has been received by said input receiver, into the following equation (I); and
an output instruction unit which instructs to output information indicating the survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, which has been calculated by said calculation unit,


Log10nt=Log10n0−t×EXP{(AT×T+BT)w+(CT×T+DT)}  equation (I)


t: storage period (days)× 1/30
nt: survival cell count (CFU/g) of said strain contained in said composition after the storage period t (days)
n0: viable cell count (CFU/g) of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage
T: storage temperature (° C.)
w: water activity value of the composition
AT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to said strain
BT: experimentally determined constant specific to said strain
CT: experimentally determined coefficient specific to said strain
DT: experimentally determined constant specific to said strain.

2. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
said input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a storage period, which presents a survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after the storage period, a viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, a storage temperature of said composition, and a water activity value of said composition;
said calculation unit calculates the storage period of the composition containing said strain, by substituting the survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after the storage period, the viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, the storage temperature of said composition, and the water activity value of said composition, presented by said information on conditions for calculating the storage period, input of which has been received by said input receiver, into said equation (I); and
said output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the storage period of the composition containing said strain, which has been calculated by said calculation unit.

3. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
said input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a viable cell count at the initiation of storage, which presents a storage period of the composition containing said strain, a survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, a storage temperature of said composition, and a water activity value of said composition;
said calculation unit calculates the viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing said strain, the survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, the storage temperature of said composition, and the water activity value of said composition, presented by said information on conditions for calculating the viable cell count at the initiation of storage, input of which has been received by said input receiver, into said equation (I); and
said output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, which has been calculated by said calculation unit.

4. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
said input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a storage temperature, which presents a storage period of the composition containing said strain, a survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, a viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, and a water activity value of said composition;
said calculation unit calculates the storage temperature of said composition, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing said strain, the survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, the viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, and the water activity value of said composition, presented by said information on conditions for calculating the storage temperature, input of which has been received by said input receiver, into said equation (I); and
said output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the storage temperature of said composition, which has been calculated by said calculation unit.

5. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
said input receiver receives an input of information on conditions for calculating a water activity value, which presents a storage period of the composition containing said strain, a survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, a viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, and a storage temperature of said composition;
said calculation unit calculates the water activity value of said composition, by substituting the storage period of the composition containing said strain, the survival cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, the viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition at the initiation of storage, and the storage temperature of said composition, presented by said information on conditions for calculating the water activity value, input of which has been received by said input receiver, into said equation (I); and
said output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the water activity value of said composition which has been calculated by said calculation unit.

6. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
said calculation unit calculates a guaranteed cell count within a guarantee period when stored at or under said storage temperature, in accordance with the following equation (II), and
said output instruction unit instructs to output information indicating the guaranteed cell count which has been calculated by said calculation unit,


N=nt′×a  equation (II)


nt′: survival cell count nt (CFU/g) of said strain contained in said composition after a storage period t (days), which has been calculated by the device for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, assuming that the storage temperature T (° C.) is T′ (° C.) and the storage period t (days) is a guarantee period t′ (days)
a: constant less than 1.

7. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
said input receiver further receives an input of information on a type of said strain, and said calculation unit applies said equation (I) with said strain-specific coefficient AT, said strain-specific constant BT,
said strain-specific coefficient CT, and said strain-specific constant DT which correspond to the information on the type of said strain.

8. The system for estimating survival cell count according to claim 1, wherein
the input receiver receives an input of information on a storage temperature of the composition, a water activity value of the composition, a storage period of said composition, and a viable cell count of said strain contained in said composition after said storage period, and
the device further comprises a constant/coefficient calculation unit which calculates a first regression line per said storage temperature and per said water activity value, on the basis of a relation between the number of months of said storage period and a common logarithmic value of the viable cell count of said strain in said storage period, to thereby obtain the absolute value of the slope of said first regression line with respect to the number of months of said storage period, as a inactivation rate of said strain,
calculates a second regression line per said storage temperature on the basis of a relation between said water activity value and a natural logarithmic value of the inactivation rate of said strain,
calculates a third regression line on the basis of a relation between said storage temperature and the slope of said second regression line regarding said storage temperature with respect to said water activity value, to thereby obtain the slope of said third regression line with respect to the storage temperature as said strain-specific coefficient AT and the intercept thereof when the storage temperature is 0 as said strain-specific constant BT,
and calculates a fourth regression line on the basis of a relation between said storage temperature and the constant determined by the intercept of said second regression line corresponding to said storage temperature, when said water activity value is 0, to thereby obtain the slope of said fourth regression line with respect to the storage temperature as said strain-specific coefficient CT and the intercept thereof when the storage temperature is 0 as said strain-specific constant DT.