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______________________________________________________________________________ 

OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
 State of California
 

JOHN K. VAN DE KAMP
 Attorney General
 

OPINION : 

: No. 90-892 

of : 

: October 31, 1990 

JOHN K. VAN DE KAMP : 

Attorney General : 

: 

ANTHONY S. DA VIGO : 

Deputy Attorney General : 

: 

HECTOR VARELA, PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION, BASSETT 

UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, relator herein, has requested this office to grant leave to sue

EDWARD L. CHAVEZ in quo warranto pursuant to the terms of Code of Civil Procedure section

803. The proposed complaint alleges that Mr. Chavez is unlawfully serving as a board member of

the Bassett Unified School District. 

CONCLUSION 

It is concluded that leave to sue should be GRANTED. 

CRITERIA FOR QUO WARRANTO 

In deciding whether to grant leave to sue in the name of the People of the State of

California, we consider two fundamental principles, which provide the basis for this analysis. First, 

leave will be granted where there is a substantial question of law or fact which requires judicial

resolution. It is not, however, the province of the Attorney General to determine which party should

or is likely to prevail. (72 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 8, 9 (1989); 72 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 15, 19 (1989).)

Second, leave will be granted where the action in quo warranto would serve the overall public

interest of the people of this state. (72 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen., supra, at 19.) 

Both of the foregoing principles must be satisfied. (Id., at 20.) As a general rule,

however, we have viewed the existence of a substantial question of law or fact which calls for

judicial resolution as presenting a sufficient "public purpose" as to warrant the granting of leave to

sue; accordingly, leave would be denied only in the presence of other overriding considerations. (73

Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 183, 188 (1990).) 

MATERIAL FACTS 

On December 3, 1987, Edward L. Chavez was elected, qualified, and assumed the

office of trustee on the Board of Trustees of the Bassett Unified School District, County of Los

Angeles, and does now continue to claim said office. 

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On April 17, 1990, Mr. Chavez was elected, qualified, and assumed the office of

member of the City Council of the City of La Puente, County of Los Angeles, and does now

continue to hold said office. 

The Bassett Unified School District has territory in common with the City of La 

Puente. Two of the district's schools, Bassett High School and Sunkist Elementary School, are

situated within the City of La Puente. 

LEGAL ISSUE 

The principal issue presented is whether the offices of school district trustee and city

council member are incompatible, so that upon his assumption of the latter office, the proposed

defendant in this action forfeited the former. 

ANALYSIS 

The application for leave to sue concerns the common law doctrine of incompatible

public offices as applied to dual membership on the governing boards of the respective public

agencies. The doctrine prevents a person from holding simultaneously two public offices if the

performance of the duties of either office could have an adverse effect on the other. (68

Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 337, 338-339 (1985).) In 71 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 39, 39-40 (1988), we 

summarized the following considerations: 

"Offices are incompatible, in the absence of statutes suggesting a contrary

result, if there is any significant clash of duties or loyalties between the offices, if the

dual office holding would be improper for reasons of public policy, or if either

officer exercises a supervisory, auditory, or removal power over the other. (38

Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 113 (1961); see generally, People ex rel Chapman v. Rapsey

(1940) 16 Cal.2d 636, 641-642; 65 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 606 (1982); 64

Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 288, 289 (1981); 64 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 137, 138-139 (1981); 63

Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 623 (1980); 63 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 607, 608 (1980).) 

"The policy set forth in People ex rel Chapman v. Rapsey, supra, 16 Cal.2d 

636 comprehends prospective as well as present clashes of duties and loyalties. (See

63 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 623, supra.) 

"Neither is it pertinent to say that the conflict in duties may never arise; it is

enough that it may, in the regular operation of the statutory plan. (3 McQuillin,

Municipal Corporations (3d Ed. 1973), 12.67, p. 297). 

"Only one significant clash of duties and loyalties is required to make offices

incompatible. (37 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 21, 22 (1961).) Furthermore, the existence of 

devices to avoid conflicts neither changes the nature of the potential conflicts nor

provides assurance that they would be employed. (38 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 121, 125

(1961).) Accordingly, the ability to abstain when a conflict arises will not excuse the

incompatibility or obviate the effects of the doctrine. A public officer who enters

upon the duties of a second office automatically vacates the first office if the two are

incompatible. (People ex rel. Chapman v. Rapsey, supra, 16 Cal.2d 636, 644.)" 

We have previously determined that a trustee of a school district governing board

holds a public office (73 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 183, 185 (1990), as does a member of a city council (37 

2. 90-892
 
Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 21, 22 n. 1 (1961); see 65 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 606 (1982)) for purposes of the

incompatibility of offices doctrine. 

We have also specifically concluded that the offices of school board trustee and city

council member are incompatible where the city and the district have territory in common. (65

Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen., supra, at pp. 607-608.) A number of potential conflicts were identified in our 

prior opinion, including: 

1. Under the Education Code, contracts between the district and the city are

authorized for the following purposes: community recreation (Ed. Code, § 10905); health

supervision (Ed. Code, § 49402); library services (Ed. Code, §§ 18134-18136); the sale, lease, or

dedication of real property (Ed. Code, §§ 39363.5, 39394, 39470); and the installation of water,

sewerage, or other public utilities (former Ed. Code, § 39011; see 73 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 183, 187

(1990)). 

2. In eminent domain proceedings, either public body may condemn property

of the other where a superior use can be shown. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1240.610.) 

3. School districts may dedicate real property to cities for certain public

purposes. (Ed. Code, § 39540.) 

4. In the establishment of a city master plan, the city may chart the location of

future schools. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (a); see 56 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 488 (1973) [offices of

county planning commissioner and school trustee are incompatible due to, inter alia, necessity of

county to plan for school sites].) 

5. City officials are charged with the enforcement of health and safety

regulations within the schools. (Health & Saf. Code, §§ 3703, 3802.) 

Accordingly, it is determined that the proposed challenge to the claim of Edward L.

Chavez to the office of trustee of the Bassett Unified School District is based on substantial grounds. 

PUBLIC INTEREST 

The public, the Bassett Unified School District, and the City of La Puente have an

interest in the undivided loyalty of their elected officers. We find no overriding countervailing 

considerations in the facts or circumstances presented. The application for leave to sue Mr. Chavez

in quo warranto meets the public interest test, and it is therefore granted in accordance with the

provisions of Code of Civil Procedure sections 803-810. 

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