NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

NIKKI POOSHS, 

Plaintiff, 

 and 

GILBERT L. PURCELL, Counsel for

plaintiff Nikki Pooshs, 

Appellant, 

 v. 

PHILIP MORRIS USA, INC. and R.J.

REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, 

Defendants.

No. 16-15429 

D.C. No. 4:04-cv-01221-PJH 

MEMORANDUM*

 

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California

Phyllis J. Hamilton, Chief Judge, Presiding

Submitted November 13, 2018* 

San Francisco, California

FILED

NOV 16 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, GRABER, Circuit Judge, and KOBAYASHI,** 

District Judge.

Plaintiff Nikki Pooshs’s counsel, Appellant Gilbert L. Purcell appeals from

the district judge’s March 7, 2016 Order Imposing Sanctions on Plaintiff’s Counsel

for Misconduct During Trial (“Sanctions Order”). The sole issue on appeal is

whether Appellant’s procedural due process rights were violated. Because a

district judge’s imposition of sanctions under its inherent authority is a

discretionary decision, we will reverse only where there was an error of law or a

clearly erroneous factual determination. We review de novo the question of

whether Appellant was afforded due process before the issuance of the Sanctions

Order. Lasar v. Ford Motor Co., 399 F.3d 1101, 1109 (9th Cir. 2005).

Due process required that Appellant receive the following before the district

court imposed a monetary sanction against him: 1) notice of the grounds for the

sanction and the potential type of sanctions that may be imposed; and 2) an

opportunity to be heard. Id. at 1109-10. The district court repeatedly warned

Appellant during the trial that he was violating prior district court orders. 

Appellant had ample opportunity to stop violating the orders, but chose not to do

so. In addition, Appellant was verbally warned during the trial that his continued

*** The Honorable Leslie E. Kobayashi, United States District Judge for

the District of Hawaii, sitting by designation.

2
violations would result in sanctions, specifically, that his continued violations

would result in monetary sanctions and a referral to the state bar association.

Although the court did not hold a hearing before it imposed sanctions

against Appellant, the court was not required to hold one. See Pac. Harbor Capital,

Inc. v. Carnival Air Lines, Inc., 210 F.3d 1112, 1118 (9th Cir. 2000) (stating that

“an opportunity to be heard does not require an oral or evidentiary hearing on the

issue” of attorney discipline (citation omitted)). Appellant had ample time to brief

the sanctions issue before the district court filed the Sanctions Order, but chose not

to do so. Approximately one month elapsed between the district court’s verbal

warning about the imposition of sanctions and the filing of the Sanctions Order. 

Thus, Appellant had a sufficient opportunity to be heard. See id. (“The

opportunity to brief the issue fully satisfies due process requirements.” (citation

omitted)).

We therefore hold that the district court’s imposition of sanctions against

Appellant did not violate his right to due process.

AFFIRMED.

3