Note: Decisions of a three

- justice panel are not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal.

ENTRY ORDER

SUPREME COURT DOCKET NO. 2013

- 227

OCTO BER TERM, 20 1 3

In re A.T. and T.T., Juveniles } APPEALED FROM: } } Superior Court, Orange Unit

, } Family Divisio n } } DOCKET NO. 7/8

- 5

- 11 Oejv

Trial Judge: Timothy B. Tomasi

In the above

- entitled cause, the Clerk will enter:

Mother appeals an order of the superior court, family division, terminating her parental rights with respect to her children A.T. and T.T. We affirm.

The superior court’s unchallenged findings reveal the following facts. A.T. was born in

March 2004

, and T.T. was born in January 2006. For much of the children’s lives, mother has struggled with substance abuse, and in particular with o piates. The Department for Children and Families (DCF) first became involved with mother and the children in 2008 based on reports of
A.T.’s violent behaviors. In March 2009, DCF filed a petition alleging that A.T. was a child in
need of care or supervis ion (CHINS), citing an unmet need for mental health services based on A.T.’s violent outburst, bruises and bite marks on A.T.’s body, and drug

- dealing by mother and her boyfriend. The petition also alleged that T.T. was not attending preschool and that mo ther had not kept social

- worker appointments or followed protocols established in a family safety plan. In August 2009, the parties stipulated that both children were CHINS , and the following month the children were placed with m other under a conditional custody order (CCO) requiring her to engage in family

- support services and substance

- abuse treatment. In October 2009, the
children were removed from mother’s care after she violated the CCO by allowing a substantiated sex offender to live in her home wit h the children. The children were returned to mother in April 2010 and the case was c losed.

A new case was opened in November 2010, however , and mother was required to participate in a number of services aimed at addressing her mental

- health needs and keeping the
children safe. Following an April 2011 disposition hearing, the children were placed with mother under another CCO requiring her to maintain A.T.’s school attendance, work with medical providers to address A.T.’s medical and mental

- health issues, follow safety plans for protecting the children, and address her own mental

- health issues. Mother was also prohibited from allowing contact between her boyfriend, a substantiated sex offender, and her children.

In May 2011, DCF filed the instant CHINS petition

, citing mother’s failure to get A.T. to
school consistently and various concerns about burglaries, stolen guns, drugs, and the children’s exposure to mother’s boyfriend. A.T., who had been diagnosed with Attention Defic it Hyperactivity Diso rder

, continued to struggle with significant mental

- health issues , especially his2

ability to control his behavior and emotions. The psychiatrist who evaluated him opined that A.T. required a well

- structured and predic t able environment to attain some level of self

- control. During an intake for drug scree n ing, mother admitted to having a significant history of addiction

, including a then

- current daily usage of thirty to sixty bags of heroin. In June 2011, mother began an intensive outpatient program at a d rug treatment center.

T hat same month, the childr en were again adjudicated CHINS. T he parties stipulated
that mother’s addi c tion to opiates was interfering with her ability to care for her children. A disposition order

, with a goal of reunification

, was entered in August 2011. Among other things, mother was required to remain free of drugs and alcohol, refrain from criminal activity, engage in weekly mental

- health counseling, attend school meetings, fulfill any requirements to reinstate
her driver’s license, obtain safe and stable housing, fully engage in suboxone treatment

, and complete her intensive drug treatment program

.

In May 2012, DCF filed a petition to terminate mother’s parental rights. Following a

four

- day hearing that took place between late January and mid

- March of 2013, the superior court granted DCF’s petition, concluding that: (1) despite mother having success in some areas of her personal life, there had been a substantial change of circumstances due to stagnation of mother’s ability to care for her children; and (2) termination of parental rights was in the children’s best

interests considering the relevant statutory criteria. See In re M .M. , 159 Vt. 517, 521 (1993) (requiring two

- step analysis examining changed circumstances and ch ildren’s best interests in determining whether to terminate parental rights). The court concluded that although mother had made progress in addressing her substance

- abuse issues, she had failed to make adequate progress in other areas related to her being able to parent her children successfully, including obtaining safe and stable housing, obtaining appropriate mental

- health counseling, consistently attending group counseling associated with her suboxone program, regularly attending school meeting s and me dical appointments, visiting her children regularly, and progressing with Fam ily Coaching Time visits.

Examining the statutory best

- interests cr iteria, the court concluded : (1) that mother would not be able to resume her parental duties within a reasonable period of time, given that the children had significant needs that required immediate attention and that, even during a period when there was intense oversight of her progress with the question of reunification at issue, mother was unable to address adequ ately the areas of concern set forth in the disposition order; (2) although mother l oved her children very much , she had not played a fully constructive role in their lives; (3) the children had made significant progress emotionally and academically and ha d bonded with their foster family, with whom they had lived since July 2012; and, (4) although
mother and the children love d each other, their relationship had for years been governed by
CCOs and limited visitation due to mother’s various problems.

Mother’s single argument on appeal is that the superior court’s failure to make an in

depth assessment of the mother

- children bond precludes the termination of her parental rights. She contends that, to the extent the court’s lack of findings and conclusi ons on this subject are the result of a sparseness of evidence, the court should have concluded that DCF failed to meet its burden of showing by clear and convincing evidence that termination of her parental rights
was in the children’s best interests.

We find this argument unavailing, in light of the record before us. While “in some cases a loving parental bond will override other factors in determining whether termination of parental3

rights is the appropriate remedy,” it would be error for the court to r eject a termination of parental rights based upon such a bond “where the evidence and findings plainly demonstrate
that the bond is destructive in nature and has greatly harmed the children.” In re J.F., K.F. , K.F.
& J.F. , 2006 VT 45, ¶ 13, 180 Vt. 583 (m em.); In re M.B. , 162 Vt. 229, 238 (1994) (“Public policy

. . . does not dictate that the parent

- child bond be maintained regardless of the cost to the child; [the statutory best

- interests criteria] recognize[] that severance of that bond may be in the
chi ld’s best interest

. ”). This is not a case, as mother suggests, where the superior court misapprehended the nature of the parent

- children bond. Cf. In re D.B. , 2003 VT 81, ¶¶ 5

- 6, 175 Vt. 618 (mem.) (reversing termination decision because court’s “serious misapprehension of the record,” including its finding that mother and child shared no bond, undermined confidence that remaining findings provided basis for its decision). Rather, t he court acknowledged on multiple
occasions that mother and the children love each other

. Indeed, the court found that mother’s missed visits upset the children. Nonetheless, the court determined th at termination of mother’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests based on mother’s failure to provide a

constructi ve relationship between her and the children; the children’s immediate need for permanency and consistency, as sta ted by the children’s therapist ; and mother’s ongoing inability

to overcome the problems that prevent her from resuming her parental duties an d addressing the children’s significant needs. In sh ort, the court carefully considered the applicable statutory criteria and made a decision that was amply supported not only by the extensive record but also its detailed findings and conclusions.

Affirm ed

.

BY THE COURT:

_______________________________________ John A. Dooley, Associate Justice

_______________________________________ Marilyn S. Skoglund, Associate Justice

_______________________________________ Beth Robinson

, Associate Justice