COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Judges Humphreys, Felton and Senior Judge Annunziata∗

Argued at Alexandria, Virginia 

LOUISE REDDITT 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION∗∗ BY 

v. Record Nos. 0770-04-41 JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR. 

 0771-04-4 JANUARY 11, 2005 

 0772-04-4 

 0773-04-4 

 

FAIRFAX COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY SERVICES 

 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY 

M. Langhorne Keith, Judge 

 Louise Redditt, pro se. 

 (Mark Bodner, Guardian ad litem, on briefs), for appellant. 

 Cynthia A. Bailey, Assistant County Attorney (David P. Bobzien, 

County Attorney; Peter D. Andreoli, Deputy County Attorney; 

Dennis R. Bates, Senior Assistant County Attorney, on briefs), for 

appellee. 

 Mario A. Bezzini, Guardian ad litem for the minor children. 

 Louise Redditt (appellant) appeals the judgment of the trial court terminating her residual 

 ∗

 Judge Annunziata participated in the hearing and decision of this case prior to the 

effective date of her retirement on December 31, 2004 and thereafter by her designation as a 

senior judge pursuant to Code § 17.1-401. 

∗∗ Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.

1

 Record No. 0770-04-4 is the file for the appeal of the trial court’s termination of 

parental rights to appellant’s youngest daughter (DB); Record No. 0771-04-4 is the file for the 

appeal of the trial court’s approving of the foster care plan for adoption for DB; Record No. 

0772-04-4 is the file for the appeal of the trial court’s termination of parental rights to her older 

daughter (DA); and Record No. 0773-04-4 is the file for the appeal of the trial court’s approving 

of the foster care plan for adoption for DA. 

parental rights to her two daughters pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (2). Appellant contends 
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the trial court erred in (1) denying her motion to dismiss the petitions for termination of parental 

rights for each child, arguing that the Fairfax County Department of Family Services (DFS) failed to 

timely file its revised foster care plans prior to filing the petitions for termination; (2) admitting into 

evidence copies of letters from DFS to appellant; (3) finding that DFS consulted appellant 

concerning the foster care service plans within the meaning of Code § 16.1-281(A); and (4) finding 

there was clear and convincing evidence that she failed to substantially remedy the conditions that 

led to her children’s placement in foster care. Finding no error, we affirm the judgment of the trial 

court. 

BACKGROUND 

 As the parties are familiar with the record, we recite only those facts necessary to the 

disposition of the issues before the Court. 

 On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party 

below, here DFS, and grant to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan 

v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991). So 

viewed, the evidence shows that on September 6, 2002, DFS removed appellant’s 

thirteen-year-old daughter (DA) and twelve-year-old daughter (DB) from her care because she 

left them alone as long as twelve hours a day at a local motel and failed to register them for 

school. 

 On October 22, 2002, the juvenile and domestic relations district court (juvenile court) 

determined that the children were in need of services as defined in Code § 16.1-228. As 

appellant was unable to provide care for her children and there was no relative available to take 

custody of them, the children remained in foster care. The juvenile court ordered appellant to 

cooperate with DFS in developing and executing foster care plans for the children with the goal 
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of returning the children to appellant’s care and custody, and appointed a guardian ad litem for 

the children. 

 On December 2, 2002, the juvenile court approved the initial foster care plans with the 

goal to return the children to their mother’s care, with the children remaining in DFS custody in 

the interim. It also ordered appellant to complete a psychological assessment, to obtain safe and 

stable housing, to secure stable employment, and to continue weekly contact with her children 

through DFS. Almost a year later, on November 7, 2003, DFS filed with the juvenile court 

revised foster care plans changing the goal from return home to a goal of adoption. On 

November 10, 2003, DFS filed a petition with the juvenile court to terminate appellant’s residual 

parental rights to each of the children. 

 On December 11, 2003, the juvenile court approved the revised foster care plans with the 

goal of adoption and terminated appellant’s residual parental rights to the two children pursuant 

to Code § 16.1-283(A). Appellant appealed the juvenile court’s decisions to the circuit court 

pursuant to Code § 16.1-296(D). 

 On March 10, 2004, the circuit court heard the appeals de novo. Appellant terminated the 

services of her court-appointed counsel on the morning of the trial. She appeared pro se but, 

because she was incarcerated pending sentencing in an unrelated matter, the trial court appointed 

a guardian ad litem for her pursuant to Code § 8.01-9. After it heard the evidence, the trial court 

approved the foster care plans with a goal of adoption and granted DFS’s petitions to terminate 

appellant’s residual parental rights to the two children. These appeals followed. 
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ANALYSIS 

A. Timely Filing of Foster Care Plans

 Appellant contends DFS failed to timely file its foster care plans for the children prior to 

filing its petitions to terminate her parental rights as required by Code § 16.1-283(A).2 She argues 

that, since DFS failed to timely file its foster care plans for adoption for the children, the trial 

court lacked jurisdiction to conduct the termination of parental rights hearing and that it erred in 

not dismissing those petitions. During the trial, DFS presented copies of the foster care plans 

bearing the November 7, 2003 date stamp of the juvenile court.3

 Appellant’s guardian ad litem proffered to the trial court that he had inspected the court files 

the day prior to trial and did not find the foster care plans in those files. DFS proffered that 

Ms. Omatete, the DFS social worker assigned to the case, would testify that she timely filed the 

plans on November 7, 2003 with the juvenile court. At trial, the court had before it copies of the 

foster care plans bearing the November 7, 2003 date stamp of the juvenile court. Considering the 

proffers and reviewing the documents and the date stamp thereon, the trial court concluded that 

the foster care plans had been timely filed in the juvenile court and denied her plea to 

jurisdiction. We conclude that it did not err in doing so. 

 2

 Code § 16.1-283(A) provides in pertinent part, that 

[n]o petition seeking termination of residual parental rights shall be 

accepted by the court prior to the filing of a foster care plan, 

pursuant to § 16.1-281, which documents termination of residual 

parental rights as being in the best interests of the child. The court 

may hear and adjudicate a petition for termination of parental 

rights in the same proceeding in which the court has approved a 

foster care plan which documents that termination is in the best 

interests of the child. 

3

 The record reflects that the petitions to terminate appellant’s parental rights to the two 

children were filed with the juvenile court on November 10, 2003. 
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 Appellant contends for the first time on appeal that the trial court erred in taking judicial 

notice of the juvenile court’s date stamp reflecting the foster care plans were timely filed on 

November 7, 2003. She never argued to the trial court that it lacked authority to take judicial 

notice of the records of another court within the same jurisdiction from which an appeal de novo

was taken to it. 

 “[A]n appeal from the juvenile court must be heard de novo by the circuit court.” Fairfax 

County Dep’t of Family Servs. v. D.N., 29 Va. App. 400, 406, 512 S.E.2d 830, 832 (1999) 

(citations omitted). “‘A court which hears a case de novo . . . acts not as a court of appeals but as 

one exercising original jurisdiction.’” Addison v. Salyer, 185 Va. 644, 649, 40 S.E.2d 260, 263 

(1946). “Such an appeal transfers the entire record to the circuit court for retrial as though the 

case had been originally brought there.” Mahoney v. Mahoney, 34 Va. App. 63, 66, 537 S.E.2d 

626, 627 (2000) (emphasis in original). We find no error in the trial court’s taking judicial notice 

of records of the juvenile court transferred to it on appeal, including the date stamp on the foster 

care plans. 

 There exists in the record before us sufficient evidence from which the trial court could 

conclude that the foster care plans were timely filed and that it had jurisdiction over the 

department’s petitions for termination. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. 

B. Admission of Official Correspondence into Evidence

 Appellant also contends the trial court erred in admitting into evidence copies of letters 

DFS sent to her relating to the development and execution of the foster care plans, contending 

that the correspondence was inadmissible hearsay. In response to appellant’s objection, DFS 

asserted the correspondence was admissible under Code § 8.01-390, the official records 

exception to the hearsay rule. Appellant offered no additional argument as to why the records 

did not fall within that exception, and the trial court received the evidence. 
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 Here, the challenged documents substantiate the various efforts made by DFS to assist 

appellant in regaining her children and to keep her advised about her case. They are evidence that 

DFS communicated with appellant regarding the foster care plans as required by Code 

§ 16.1-281(A).4

 Ms. Omatete testified that the letters offered into evidence were records of the 

Fairfax County Department of Family Services and that she was custodian of the particular 

documents. From that testimony, the trial court determined that the records contained facts within 

her personal knowledge. See Smith v. Woodlawn Constr. Co., 235 Va. 424, 431-32, 368 S.E.2d 

699, 704 (1988). No additional foundation was necessary. See Taylor v. Maritime Overseas Corp., 

224 Va. 562, 566-67, 299 S.E.2d 340, 342 (1983). 

 Appellant argues for the first time on appeal that the correspondence was not subject to 

the official records hearsay exception under Code § 8.01-390 because DFS failed to lay a proper 

foundation; that the letters contained inadmissible opinion; and that they were prepared, at least 

in part, for purposes of litigation. At trial, appellant did not identify the specific portions of the 

documents to which she objected, and failed to raise the objections she now raises for the first time 

on appeal. Rule 5A:18 bars our consideration of “an argument on appeal which was not presented 

to the trial court.” Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998). 

By failing to bring the specific objections to the trial court’s attention, and thereby provide to 

opposing counsel an opportunity to respond, appellant deprived the trial court of any opportunity to 

consider whether to exclude the specific evidence. See Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 514, 404 

S.E.2d 736, 737 (1991) (en banc) (citations omitted). Appellant has not asked that we invoke the 

good cause or ends of justice exception to Rule 5A:18, and our review of the record does not 

 4

 Code § 16.1-281(A) requires that DFS develop a foster care plan for a child in its legal 

custody, providing a detailed description of the services to be provided and any other support the 

department will offer to the child and the parent. 
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disclose any reason to do so. Thus, the matter has not been preserved for appeal, and appellant’s 

argument is procedurally barred. Rule 5A:18. 

 Accordingly, we find that the trial court did not err in admitting the documents over 

appellant’s objection. 

C. Consultation with Parent on Foster Care Plans

 Appellant argues that the trial court erred in concluding that DFS consulted with her 

concerning matters to be included in the initial foster care plans for the children as required by Code 

§ 16.1-281(A). 

 Code § 16.1-281(A) provides in part: 

The individual family service plan developed by the family 

assessment and planning team . . . may be accepted by the court as 

the foster care plan if it meets the requirements of this section. The 

representatives of such department, agency, or team shall consult 

with the child’s parent(s) . . . concerning the matters which should 

be included in such plan. 

 The record reflects that from “day one,” Ms. Omatete talked to appellant about the foster 

care plans for her children. She testified that she informed appellant “what will be expected [of 

appellant], . . . [to] insure that the children will get home,” and that she discussed the plans 

“during each and every visit she had.” These discussions occurred regularly until appellant’s 

visitation with her children was suspended as a result of her inappropriate behavior during the 

visits. The trial court had before it copies of the correspondence DFS sent to appellant, 

communicating its expectations and the goals to be accomplished in order for the children to be 

returned to her. The record reflects that appellant did not agree with the proposed foster care 

plans. In particular, appellant objected to the provisions of the foster care plan requiring her to 

verify that she maintained steady employment and that she had undergone a psychological 

assessment and evaluation. She refused to comply with the plans even after they were approved 

by the juvenile court, which had heard her objections. 
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 Code § 16.1-281(A) requires DFS to “consult” with the parent concerning matters to be 

included in the foster care plan for the return of her children. It does not require DFS to alter the 

plan to accommodate the demands of the parent. Nor does it require the parent to agree with the 

plan before the court adopts it. Appellant cannot avoid termination of her residual parental rights 

by simply refusing to agree with the foster care plans approved by the court. 

 From the record before us, we conclude the trial court did not err in determining that DFS 

complied with its statutory obligation to consult with appellant concerning the matters included 

in the foster care plans for her children. 

D. Termination of Residual Parental Rights

Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the trial court’s decision 

to terminate her parental rights to her children pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (2). She 

contends that the trial court erred in finding that DFS demonstrated that she failed to maintain 

contact with her children while they were in DFS custody; that she failed to plan for her 

children’s future return; or that she failed to substantially remedy the conditions that led to the 

children’s removal. 

In reviewing a trial court’s decision terminating parental rights, we presume the trial 

court “‘thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its 

determination based on the child’s best interests.’” Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human 

Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991) (quoting Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 

326, 329, 387 S.E.2d 794, 796 (1990)). The trial court has “broad discretion in making the 

decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best interests.” Farley, 9 Va. App. at 328, 

387 S.E.2d at 795. “[W]hen based on evidence heard ore tenus,” the trial court’s judgment “will 

not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Peple v. 

Peple, 5 Va. App. 414, 422, 364 S.E.2d 232, 237 (1988). 
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Code § 16.1-283(C) provides that a trial court may order termination of residual parental 

rights: 

[I]f the court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that 

it is in the best interests of the child and that: 

1. The parent or parents have, without good cause, failed to 

maintain contact with and to provide or substantially plan for the 

future of the child for a period of twelve months after the child’s 

placement in foster care notwithstanding the reasonable and 

appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other 

rehabilitative agencies to communicate with the parent or parents 

and to strengthen the parent-child relationship; or 

2. The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling 

or unable within a reasonable period not to exceed twelve months 

to remedy substantially the conditions which led to the child’s 

foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and 

appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other 

rehabilitative agencies to such end. 

 Viewed in the light most favorable to DFS, the prevailing party below, we conclude that 

the trial court did not err in ruling that DFS had shown by clear and convincing evidence that 

termination of appellant’s residual parental rights was in the children’s best interests, that 

appellant failed to remedy her situation, and that her failure was without “good cause.” See

Martin v. Pittsylvania County Dep’t of Social Services, 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16 

(1986). The evidence before the trial court showed that appellant failed to comply with the 

foster care plans to return the children to her. The court-approved plans required her to maintain 

contact with her children, to secure and maintain steady employment, to secure a safe and stable 

place to live with her children, and to undergo a psychological evaluation. Appellant’s 

compliance with these obligations was necessary to establish that she was planning for her 

children’s future and that she was substantially remedying the conditions that resulted in the 

children’s placement in foster care. 
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 The record reflects that appellant refused to undergo the court-ordered psychological 

evaluation, or to even schedule an appointment to do so, despite DFS’s efforts to locate three 

psychologists outside of Fairfax County at appellant’s request. When appellant further 

demanded a minority psychologist, DFS made arrangements for appellant to be evaluated by a 

Washington D.C. psychologist, meeting that request. Appellant spoke with the psychologist only 

by telephone, but never made an appointment to undergo the required psychological assessment 

and evaluation. 

 Additionally, appellant failed to provide verification that she secured and maintained 

stable full-time employment. She refused to provide DFS pertinent information about any 

employment. Although she told DFS that she worked for Kelly Temporary Services, she refused 

to provide any written verification of when and where she was employed. When asked for more 

information about her employment, she told the foster care worker that “it was none of [her] 

business where [appellant] was working.” 

 Appellant also failed to obtain safe and stable housing. The record reflects that from 

September 2002 to March 2003, she maintained no consistent address. In March 2003, appellant 

rented two rooms from Joyce Wright, a casual acquaintance she met after the children were in 

foster care. Ms. Wright offered to assist her in getting her children back. A home study by DFS 

found the residence to be appropriate for appellant and the children. However, Ms. Wright 

sought a court order to evict appellant from the condominium in October 2003 after she refused 

her request to vacate. Ms. Wright testified that appellant became verbally abusive and was 

drinking heavily. She also testified that appellant borrowed her car and had been involved in an 

accident while drinking, and as a result, Ms. Wright had to bail her out of jail. The record 

additionally reflects that appellant had not paid any rent to Ms. Wright and did not contribute to 
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household expenses. Ms. Wright testified that she incurred substantial bills and expenses as a 

result of appellant’s living with her. 

 The record also reflects that appellant failed to maintain regular contact with her children 

after July 9, 2003. On that date, she was verbally and emotionally abusive to her children, as she 

had been on prior visits, and was especially so during the July 9, 2003 visit. On that date, 

appellant was also verbally abusive towards the DFS caseworkers and was derisive of the 

children’s foster mother, all of which occurred in the children’s presence. After that visit, DFS 

suspended appellant’s further visitation and advised her by letter that before visitation could 

resume, it would be necessary for her to schedule an appointment with DFS staff to address the 

continuing visitation problems. Thereafter, appellant failed to schedule an appointment and 

failed to otherwise meet with DFS to resolve the problems that led to the suspension of visitation 

with her children. 

 At trial, the children’s therapist opined that their return to appellant would not be in the 

children’s best interests. She testified that the oldest child found appellant’s visits “horrifying” 

and “sickening.” She also reported that the behavior of the youngest child “really regressed” 

following the difficult visits, especially following that of July 9, 2003. She noted that after the 

juvenile court approved the foster care plans goal of adoption and entered its orders of 

termination of parental rights, the children’s anxiety levels decreased dramatically. She advised 

the trial court that in her opinion a return of the children to appellant would be traumatic to the 

older child and would put the younger child at risk of a “complete emotional shut down, 

depression, and an inability to function within the community because of her need for a 

consistent and stable environment.” 
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 The children’s guardian ad litem also told the trial court that he believed returning the 

children to their mother was not in the children’s best interest and that termination of appellant’s 

residual parental rights would be in the children’s best interest. 

 After reviewing the record before us, we conclude that the trial court did not err in ruling 

that DFS proved by clear and convincing evidence each of the requirements of Code 

§ 16.1-283(C)(1) and (2), that appellant failed to substantially remedy the conditions which 

resulted in her children being placed in foster care, and that termination of appellant’s residual 

parental rights was in the children’s best interests. 

 For the above reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. 

Affirmed.