Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 25161 

1Section 302 of the Employee Retirement Income 

Security Act of 1974, Public Law 93–406, as 

amended (ERISA) sets forth funding rules that are 

parallel to those in section 412 of the Code, and 

section 303 of ERISA sets forth additional funding 

rules for defined benefit plans (other than 

multiemployer plans) that are parallel to those in 

section 430 of the Code. Pursuant to section 101 of 

Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978, 5 U.S.C. App., 

as amended, the Secretary of the Treasury has 

interpretive jurisdiction over the subject matter 

addressed in these proposed regulations for 

purposes of ERISA, as well as the Code. Thus, these 

proposed Treasury regulations issued under section 

430 of the Code also apply for purposes of section 

303 of ERISA. 

Gordonsville, VA (GVE) VORTAC (Lat. 38°00′48.96′′ N, long. 078°09′10.90′′ W) 

HAMMZ, VA WP (Lat. 38°43′51.56′′ N, long. 077°19′59.85′′ W) 

MURPH, MD Fix (Lat. 39°27′51.22′′ N, long. 076°23′07.24′′ W) 

Modena, PA (MXE) VORTAC (Lat. 39°55′05.00′′ N, long. 075°40′14.96′′ W) 

Solberg, NJ (SBJ) VOR/DME (Lat. 40°34′58.95′′ N, long. 074°44′30.45′′ W) 

FARLE, NY WP (Lat. 41°09′09.46′′ N, long. 073°47′48.52′′ W) 

BIZEX, NY WP (Lat. 41°17′02.86′′ N, long. 073°34′50.20′′ W) 

NELIE, CT Fix (Lat. 41°56′27.64′′ N, long. 072°41′18.88′′ W) 

Boston, MA (BOS) VOR/DME (Lat. 42°21′26.82′′ N, long. 070°59′22.37′′ W) 

COPLY, MA WP (Lat. 42°29′52.21′′ N, long. 070°33′28.57′′ W) 

* * * * * 

Issued in Washington, DC, on April 21, 

2022. 

Scott M. Rosenbloom, 

Manager, Airspace Rules and Regulations. 

[FR Doc. 2022–08895 Filed 4–27–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

Internal Revenue Service 

26 CFR Part 1 

[REG–106384–20] 

RIN 1545–BQ14 

Mortality Tables for Determining 

Present Value Under Defined Benefit 

Pension Plans 

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 

Treasury. 

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking 

and notice of public hearing. 

SUMMARY: This document sets forth 

proposed regulations prescribing 

mortality tables to be used for most 

defined benefit pension plans. The 

tables specify the probability of survival 

year-by-year for an individual based on 

age, gender, and other factors. The 

tables are used (together with other 

actuarial assumptions) to calculate the 

present value of a stream of expected 

future benefit payments for purposes of 

determining the minimum funding 

requirements for the plan. These 

mortality tables are also relevant for 

determining the minimum required 

amount of a lump-sum distribution from 

such a plan. These regulations affect 

participants in, beneficiaries of, 

employers maintaining, and 

administrators of certain defined benefit 

pension plans. 

DATES: Written or electronic comments 

must be received by June 9, 2022. A 

public hearing on these proposed 

regulations has been scheduled for June 

28, 2022 at 10 a.m. EST. Requests to 

speak and outlines of topics to be 

discussed at the public hearing must be 

received by June 9, 2022. If no outlines 

are received by June 9, 2022, the public 

hearing will be cancelled. Requests to 

attend the public hearing must be 

received by 5 p.m. EST on June 24, 

2022. The telephonic hearing will be 

made accessible to people with 

disabilities. Requests for special 

assistance during the telephonic hearing 

must be received by June 23, 2022. 

ADDRESSES: Commenters are strongly 

encouraged to submit public comments 

electronically. Submit electronic 

submissions via the Federal 

eRulemaking Portal at 

www.regulations.gov (indicate IRS and 

REG–106384–20) by following the 

online instructions for submitting 

comments. Once submitted to the 

Federal eRulemaking Portal, comments 

cannot be edited or withdrawn. The IRS 

expects to have limited personnel 

available to process public comments 

that are submitted on paper through 

mail. Until further notice, any 

comments submitted on paper will be 

considered to the extent practicable. 

The Department of the Treasury (the 

Treasury Department) and the IRS will 

publish for public availability any 

comment submitted electronically, and 

to the extent practicable on paper, to its 

public docket. Send paper submissions 

to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG–106384–20), 

room 5203, Internal Revenue Service, 

P.O. Box 7604, Ben Franklin Station, 

Washington, DC 20044. 

For those requesting to speak during 

the hearing, send an outline of topic 

submissions electronically via the 

Federal eRulemaking Portal at 

www.regulations.gov (indicate IRS and 

REG–106384–20). 

Individuals who want to testify (by 

telephone) at the public hearing must 

send an email to publichearings@irs.gov 

to receive the telephone number and 

access code for the hearing. The subject 

line of the email must contain the 

regulation number REG–106384–20 and 

the word TESTIFY. For example, the 

subject line may say: Request to 

TESTIFY at Hearing for REG–106384– 

20. The email should include a copy of 

the speaker’s public comments and 

outline of topics. Individuals who want 

to attend (by telephone) the public 

hearing must also send an email to 

publichearings@irs.gov to receive the 

telephone number and access code for 

the hearing. The subject line of the 

email must contain the regulation 

number REG–106384–20 and the word 

ATTEND. For example, the subject line 

may say: Request to ATTEND Hearing 

for REG–106384–20. To request special 

assistance during the telephonic hearing 

contact the Publications and 

Regulations Branch of the Office of 

Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and 

Administration) by sending an email to 

publichearings@irs.gov (preferred) or by 

telephone at (202) 317–5177 (not a tollfree number). 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Concerning the regulations, Arslan 

Malik or Linda Marshall at (202) 317– 

6700; concerning submission of 

comments and outlines of topics for the 

public hearing, call Regina Johnson at 

(202) 317–6901 (not toll-free numbers) 

or email publichearings@irs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

Section 412 of the Internal Revenue 

Code (Code) prescribes minimum 

funding requirements for defined 

benefit pension plans, and section 430 

specifies the minimum funding 

requirements that apply generally to 

defined benefit plans that are not 

multiemployer plans.1 Section 430(a) 

defines the minimum required 

contribution by reference to the plan’s 

funding target for the plan year. Under 

section 430(d)(1), a plan’s funding target 

for a plan year generally is the present 

value of all benefits accrued or earned 

under the plan as of the first day of that 

plan year. 

Section 430(h)(3) provides rules 

regarding the mortality tables to be used 

under section 430. Under section 

430(h)(3)(A), except as provided in 

section 430(h)(3)(C) or (D), the Secretary 

is to prescribe by regulation mortality 

tables to be used in determining any 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
25162 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 

2Static mortality tables were published in Notice 

2017–60, 2017–43 IRB 365, Notice 2018–02, 2018– 

2 IRB 281, Notice 2019–26, 2019–15 IRB 943, 

Notice 2019–67, 2019–52 IRB 1510, and Notice 

2020–85, 2020–51 IRB 1645. 

3This report is available at https://www.soa.org/ 

globalassets/assets/files/research/exp-study/ 

research-2014-rp-report.pdf. 

4This report is available at https://www.soa.org/ 

globalassets/assets/Files/Research/Exp-Study/ 

mortality-improvement-scale-mp-2016.pdf. 

5This report is available at https://www.soa.org/ 

globalassets/assets/files/resources/experiencestudies/2019/pri-2012-mortality-tables-report.pdf. 

6This report is available at https://www.soa.org/ 

globalassets/assets/files/resources/experiencestudies/2021/2021-mp-scale-report.pdf. 

present value or making any 

computation under section 430. Those 

mortality tables are to be based on the 

actual mortality experience of pension 

plan participants and projected trends 

in that experience. In prescribing those 

mortality tables, the Secretary is 

required to take into account results of 

available independent studies of 

mortality of individuals covered by 

pension plans. Under section 

430(h)(3)(B), the Secretary is required to 

revise any mortality table in effect under 

section 430(h)(3)(A) at least every 10 

years to reflect actual mortality 

experience of pension plan participants 

and projected trends in that experience. 

Under section 430(h)(3)(C), a plan 

sponsor is permitted to request the 

Secretary’s approval to use plan-specific 

substitute mortality tables that meet 

requirements specified in the statute 

rather than the generally applicable 

mortality tables. If approved, these 

substitute mortality tables are used to 

determine present values and make 

computations under section 430 during 

the period of consecutive plan years 

(not to exceed 10) specified in the 

request. 

Section 430(h)(3)(D) provides for the 

use of separate mortality tables with 

respect to certain individuals who are 

entitled to benefits on account of 

disability. These separate mortality 

tables are permitted to be used with 

respect to disabled individuals in lieu of 

the generally applicable mortality tables 

provided pursuant to section 

430(h)(3)(A) or the substitute mortality 

tables under section 430(h)(3)(C). The 

Secretary is to establish separate tables 

for individuals with disabilities 

occurring in plan years beginning before 

January 1, 1995, and for individuals 

with disabilities occurring in later plan 

years, with the mortality tables for 

individuals with disabilities occurring 

in those later plan years applying only 

to individuals who are disabled within 

the meaning of Title II of the Social 

Security Act. 

Section 417(e)(3) generally provides 

that the present value of certain benefits 

under a qualified pension plan 

(including single-sum distributions) 

must not be less than the present value 

of the accrued benefit using applicable 

interest rates and the applicable 

mortality table. Section 417(e)(3)(B) 

defines the term ‘‘applicable mortality 

table’’ as the mortality table specified 

for the plan year for minimum funding 

purposes under section 430(h)(3)(A) 

(without regard to the rules for 

substitute mortality tables under section 

430(h)(3)(C) or mortality tables for 

disabled individuals under section 

430(h)(3)(D)), modified as appropriate 

by the Secretary. The modifications 

made by the Secretary to the section 

430(h)(3)(A) mortality table to 

determine the section 417(e)(3)(B) 

applicable mortality table are not 

addressed in these proposed 

regulations. Revenue Ruling 2007–67, 

2007–2 CB 1047, describes the 

modifications that are currently applied 

to determine the section 417(e)(3)(B) 

applicable mortality table. 

Final regulations under section 

430(h)(3) were published in the Federal 

Register on October 5, 2017 in TD 9826, 

82 FR 46388 (the 2017 regulations). 

Section 1.430(h)(3)–1 prescribes base 

mortality tables and a set of mortality 

improvement rates, which may be 

reflected through the use of either 

generational mortality tables or static 

mortality tables. The generational 

mortality tables are a series of mortality 

tables, one for each year of birth, each 

of which fully reflects projected trends 

in mortality rates. The static mortality 

tables (which are updated annually 2) 

use a single mortality table for all years 

of birth to approximate the present 

value that would be determined using 

the generational mortality tables. 

The mortality tables included in the 

2017 regulations are based on the 

mortality tables included in the RP– 

2014 Mortality Tables Report 3 (referred 

to in this preamble as the RP–2014 

mortality tables), which was released by 

the Retirement Plan Experience 

Committee (RPEC) of the Society of 

Actuaries (SOA) in October 2014 (as 

revised in November 2014), and a set of 

mortality improvement rates (the Scale 

MP–2016 rates) as released by RPEC.4 In 

2016, RPEC initiated a study of privatesector retirement plans in the U.S. in 

order to provide an update to RP–2014, 

and in 2019, RPEC issued the Pri-2012 

Private Retirement Plans Mortality 

Tables Report (Pri-2012 Report).5

In Notice 2019–67 (which provides 

mortality improvement rates and static 

mortality tables for 2021), the Treasury 

Department and the IRS asked for 

comments regarding future mortality 

tables under section 430(h)(3)(A). The 

notice identified the mortality tables in 

the Pri-2012 Report as a potential source 

for developing updated mortality tables 

under section 430(h)(3)(A) and 

requested comments regarding (1) 

whether there are other studies of actual 

mortality experience of individuals 

covered by pension plans and projected 

trends in that experience that should be 

considered for use in developing 

updated mortality tables under section 

430(h)(3)(A), such as studies that 

examine the mortality experience of 

individuals covered by large publicsector pension plans, and (2) if the 

mortality tables in the Pri-2012 Report 

were to be used to develop updated 

mortality tables under section 

430(h)(3)(A), which of the tables in that 

report should be used. In October 2021, 

RPEC published the Mortality 

Improvement Scale MP–2021 Report 

(MP–2021 Report), which is the latest 

update to its study on mortality 

improvement.6 In response to the 

request for comments in Notice 2019– 

67, the Treasury Department and the 

IRS received seven comments. The 

comments are discussed in the 

Explanation of Provisions. 

The standards prescribed for 

developing the mortality tables under 

430(h)(3)(A) are the same as the 

standards that are prescribed for 

developing mortality tables for 

multiemployer plans under section 

431(c)(6)(D)(iv)(II) (which are used to 

determine current liability in order to 

determine the minimum full funding 

limitation under section 431(c)(6)(B)). 

See § 1.431(c)(6)–1 (providing that the 

same mortality assumptions that apply 

for purposes of section 430(h)(3)(A) and 

§ 1.430(h)(3)–1(a) are used to determine 

a multiemployer plan’s current 

liability). These standards also apply for 

CSEC plans described in section 414(y) 

for purposes of developing mortality 

tables that are used for purposes of 

section 433(h)(3)(B)(i) (to determine 

current liability in order to determine 

the minimum full funding limitation 

under section 433(c)(2)(C) and the 

funded current liability percentage 

under section 433(i)). See § 1.433(h)(3)– 

1 (providing that the same mortality 

assumptions that apply for purposes of 

section 430(h)(3)(A) and § 1.430(h)(3)– 

1(a) are used to determine a CSEC plan’s 

current liability). 

Explanation of Provisions 

These proposed regulations set forth 

the methodology that the Treasury 

Department and the IRS intend to use to 

update the generally applicable 

mortality tables that are used to 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 25163 

7This report is available at https://www.soa.org/ 

globalassets/assets/files/resources/experiencestudies/2020/mortality-improvement-scale-mp2020.pdf. 

determine present value or make any 

computation under section 430. 

Pursuant to section 417(e)(3)(B), a 

modified version of these updated tables 

would be used for purposes of 

determining the amount of a single-sum 

distribution (or another accelerated form 

of distribution). In addition, these tables 

would be used to determine current 

liability for multiemployer plans under 

section 431(c)(6) and CSEC plans under 

section 433(h). 

The methodology for developing 

updated tables under section 

430(h)(3)(A) is being proposed pursuant 

to the requirement under section 

430(h)(3)(B) to revise the mortality 

tables used under section 430 to reflect 

the actual mortality experience of 

pension plan participants and projected 

trends in that experience. As under the 

2017 regulations, the methodology 

involves the separate determination of 

base mortality tables and the projection 

of mortality improvement. 

A. Base Mortality Tables 

The base mortality tables proposed for 

use under section 430(h)(3)(A) are 

derived from the tables set forth in the 

Pri-2012 Report. After reviewing the Pri2012 Report and comments received in 

response to Notice 2019–67, the 

Treasury Department and the IRS have 

determined that the experience study 

used to develop the Pri-2012 Report is 

the best available study of the actual 

mortality experience of pension plan 

participants (other than disabled 

individuals). Accordingly, the mortality 

tables in the Pri-2012 Report are the 

foundation for the base mortality tables 

used to project the mortality of pension 

plan participants under these proposed 

regulations. Like the mortality tables 

provided in the 2017 regulations, the 

mortality tables set forth in these 

proposed regulations are gender-distinct 

and provide separate non-annuitant and 

annuitant mortality rates. 

Unlike the Pri-2012 Report, these 

proposed regulations do not provide 

separate tables for annuitants who are 

retirees and annuitants who are 

contingent beneficiaries. In response to 

the request for comments in Notice 

2019–67, most commenters 

recommended against the use of 

separate mortality tables for retirees and 

contingent beneficiaries because: (1) 

Those separate mortality tables are 

complex to apply on an exact basis; (2) 

applying those mortality tables would 

require actuaries to use historical data 

that may be difficult to obtain; and (3) 

the use of those separate mortality tables 

would not have a significant effect in 

measuring a plan’s liabilities. After 

reviewing the comments, the Treasury 

Department and the IRS concluded that 

the regulations should not provide 

separate mortality tables for annuitants 

who are retirees and annuitant who are 

contingent beneficiaries. Accordingly, 

these proposed regulations provide 

annuitant mortality tables that combine 

the mortality experience of retirees and 

contingent beneficiaries. 

As under the 2017 regulations, these 

proposed regulations provide that the 

annuitant mortality tables are applied to 

determine the present value of benefits 

for an annuitant. For a non-annuitant, 

the non-annuitant mortality tables are 

applied for the periods before the 

participant is projected to commence 

receiving benefits, and the annuitant 

mortality tables are used for later 

periods. With respect to a beneficiary of 

a participant, the annuitant mortality 

tables apply for the period beginning 

with each assumed commencement of 

benefits for the participant. If the 

participant has died (or to the extent the 

participant is assumed to die before 

commencing benefits), the annuitant 

mortality tables apply with respect to 

the beneficiary for the period beginning 

with each assumed commencement of 

benefits for the beneficiary. 

These proposed regulations set forth 

base tables that are to be used to 

develop the mortality tables for future 

years. These base tables have a base year 

of 2012 (the central year of the 

experience study used to develop the 

mortality tables in the Pri-2012 Report). 

These base tables generally have the 

same mortality rates as the employee 

and non-disabled annuitant mortality 

rates that were released by RPEC in 

connection with the Pri-2012 Report. 

However, these base tables also include 

non-annuitant mortality rates for ages 

below age 18 and above age 80 and 

annuitant mortality rates for ages below 

age 50. This generally is the same 

approach that was used to develop the 

base mortality tables in the 2017 

regulations. 

The non-annuitant mortality rates for 

ages above age 80 were developed by (1) 

using the annuitant rates from the base 

mortality tables for ages 90 and older, 

and (2) interpolating between the rates 

for age 80 and age 90 in order to 

produce a smooth transition between 

the age 80 rates from the non-annuitant 

tables to the age 90 rates from the 

annuitant tables. The interpolation uses 

increasing fractions with a denominator 

of 55 to allocate the total difference 

between the rates at ages 80 and 90 over 

those 10 years. Thus, the rate at age 81 

is set equal to the rate at age 80 plus 1/ 

55 of the total difference, the age 82 rate 

is equal to the rate at age 81 plus 2/55 

of the total difference (so that the age 82 

rate is equal to the rate at age 80 plus 

3/55 of the total difference), and so on 

for other ages. 

A similar approach was used to 

develop annuitant rates for ages below 

age 50 for males and 52 for females. The 

annuitant rates for ages under age 50 for 

males and 52 for females were 

determined by (1) using the nonannuitant rates from the base mortality 

tables for ages 18 to 40, and (2) 

interpolating between the rates for age 

40 and a later age, using the same 

methodology described in the preceding 

paragraph. The later age for males was 

50 and for females was 52 (requiring 

that a denominator of 78 be substituted 

for 55 when that methodology was 

applied for females). This method 

produces a smooth transition between 

the age 40 rates from the non-annuitant 

tables and the age 50 rates for males, 

and age 52 rates for females, from the 

annuitant tables. In addition, some 

anomalous rates for female annuitants at 

ages 55 and 56 in the Pri-2012 Report 

were smoothed by using a straight linear 

interpolation between the age 54 rates 

and the age 57 rates from the female 

annuitant table. For ages below age 18, 

both the non-annuitant and annuitant 

rates incorporate the juvenile rates from 

the Pri-2012 Report. 

B. Mortality Improvement 

These proposed regulations use the 

Scale MP–2021 Rates (the mortality 

improvement scale in the MP–2021 

Report) for valuation dates in the 2023 

calendar year. This mortality 

improvement scale was developed using 

the same underlying methodology used 

to develop earlier mortality 

improvement scales but reflects 

historical population data through 2019 

and the change to the RPEC-selected 

assumptions for the long-term rate of 

mortality improvement that was first 

incorporated in the Mortality 

Improvement Scale MP–2020 Report.7

The Treasury Department and the IRS 

understand that RPEC expects to issue 

updated mortality improvement rates 

that reflect new data for mortality 

improvement trends for the general 

population on an annual basis. The 

Treasury Department and the IRS expect 

to take those updates into account in 

determining the mortality rates to be 

used under section 430(h)(3) for 

valuation dates in years after 2023. 

Those rates will be specified in 

guidance to be published in the Internal 

Revenue Bulletin. See § 601.601(d). 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
25164 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 

8Rev. Proc. 2017–55, 2017–43 IRB 373, sets forth 

the procedure by which a plan sponsor of a defined 

benefit plan may request and obtain approval for 

the use of plan-specific substitute mortality tables 

in accordance with section 430(h)(3)(C). 

9RPEC cited uncertainty relating to the 

effectiveness of vaccines and treatments, severity of 

future variants, and the long-term effect of having 

recovered from COVID–19 on an employee’s health. 

C. Use of Static Tables for Small Plans 

The 2017 regulations provide for the 

use of separate generational nonannuitant and annuitant mortality tables 

and separate static non-annuitant and 

annuitant mortality tables. The 

preamble to those regulations explains 

that static mortality tables are permitted 

to be used (notwithstanding that 

generational mortality tables yield more 

accurate results) because of the 

limitations of some current actuarial 

software that is not designed to use 

generational tables. Since the issuance 

of the 2017 regulations, the software 

needed to use generational mortality 

tables has become widely used and is 

often used for other business needs such 

as financial accounting. There is no 

longer a need to allow the use of static 

mortality tables for most plans because 

most actuarial firms have the capability 

to use generational mortality tables. 

Requiring most employers to use 

generational mortality tables also 

minimizes anti-selection by plan 

sponsors who determine that the use of 

static mortality tables results in lower 

minimum funding requirements. 

Accordingly, these proposed regulations 

eliminate the use of separate static nonannuitant and annuitant mortality tables 

and require the use of generational 

mortality tables for plans that are not 

considered small plans. 

These proposed regulations continue 

to allow the use of static mortality tables 

for small plans (defined as plans with 

500 or fewer participants), as well as for 

multiemployer and CSEC plans. 

However, the static mortality tables that 

may be used for these plans are 

combined tables reflecting nonannuitant and annuitant mortality rates. 

These tables are constructed from a 

blend of non-annuitant and annuitant 

mortality rates based on the underlying 

data used in developing the Pri-2012 

Report. 

Applicability Date 

These regulations are proposed to 

apply to plan years beginning on or after 

January 1, 2023. 

Other Matters 

A. Effect of Regulations on Previously 

Approved Substitute Mortality Tables 

The 2017 regulations also included 

rules regarding the use of plan-specific 

mortality tables under section 

430(h)(3)(C), which are set forth in 

§ 1.430(h)(3)–2.8 Section 1.430(h)(3)– 

2(c)(6)(ii) provides for the early 

termination of the use of substitute 

mortality tables in certain 

circumstances, including pursuant to a 

replacement of the mortality tables 

specified in § 1.430(h)(3)–1. Under 

§ 1.430(h)(3)–2(c)(6)(ii)(E), the early 

termination pursuant to such a 

replacement must be effective as of a 

date specified in guidance published in 

the Internal Revenue Bulletin. Except as 

described in the next paragraph, the 

Treasury Department and the IRS do not 

intend to require the early termination 

of previously approved substitute 

mortality tables in connection with the 

proposed replacement of the generally 

applicable mortality tables. 

Under § 1.430(h)(3)–2(c)(6)(ii)(C), the 

use of substitute mortality tables is 

terminated early if there is a significant 

change in the individuals covered by 

the plan. As defined in § 1.430(h)(3)– 

2(c)(6)(iii)(A), a significant change is 

either an increase or decrease in the 

number of individuals covered by the 

substitute mortality table for the plan 

year of more than 20 percent of the 

average number of individuals in that 

population over the years covered by 

the experience study on which the 

substitute mortality tables are based. 

However, under § 1.430(h)(3)– 

2(c)(6)(iii)(A), a change in coverage is 

not treated as significant if the plan’s 

actuary certifies in writing to the 

satisfaction of the Commissioner that 

the substitute mortality tables used for 

the plan population continue to be 

accurately predictive of future mortality 

of that population (taking into account 

the effect of the change in the 

population). 

When final regulations providing for 

the replacement of mortality tables 

under section 430 are issued, the 

Treasury Department and the IRS 

anticipate issuing guidance in the 

Internal Revenue Bulletin pursuant to 

§ 1.430(h)(3)–2(c)(6)(ii)(E) that will 

require the early termination of a plan’s 

previously approved substitute 

mortality table only if the plan has 

experienced a significant change in 

coverage under § 1.430(h)(3)–2(c)(6)(iii). 

The early termination would apply 

without regard to any plan actuary 

certification that the substitute mortality 

tables used for the plan population 

continue to be accurately predictive of 

future mortality of that population. 

B. Impact of COVID–19 on Mortality 

Rates 

The mortality improvement rates in 

these proposed regulations are based on 

the MP–2021 Report, which was 

prepared in 2021 based on the most 

recent data available at that time 

(estimated 2019 calendar year data). 

Accordingly, the MP–2021 mortality 

improvement scale does not take into 

account any mortality experience in 

calendar years 2020 and 2021, which 

are the first years affected by the 

COVID–19 pandemic. In selecting their 

assumed long-term improvement rates, 

RPEC did not make any adjustments to 

take into account any effects of COVID– 

19 on mortality rates in the long term 

because there was no consensus on 

COVID–19’s effect on expected future 

mortality experience.9 Accordingly, the 

mortality improvement rates in these 

regulations do not take into account the 

impact of the COVID–19 pandemic. 

The MP–2021 Report includes a 

review of actual mortality data from 

2020 and a portion of 2021. For the 40- 

week period starting March 22, 2020, 

the review indicated that the number of 

deaths was approximately 120 percent 

of the expected number. For 2021, that 

ratio dropped to 110 percent in the 

spring, before increasing in the summer. 

The number of deaths attributable to the 

COVID–19 pandemic has remained high 

during the early part of 2022. These 

higher mortality rates do not indicate 

that the MP–2021 mortality 

improvement scale is flawed, but merely 

reflect that the model did not anticipate 

COVID–19 in projecting the mortality 

rates for these years. 

The mortality rates provided in these 

proposed regulations would apply 

starting in 2023. If the impact of 

COVID–19 on mortality experience is 

viewed as only a short-term 

phenomenon, the mere fact that the 

model in the MP–2021 Report (upon 

which these proposed regulations are 

based) did not reflect the actual 

mortality experience for 2020 through 

2022 does not mean that the mortality 

rates in these proposed regulations are 

inappropriate because it is not clear to 

what extent the increased mortality 

associated with COVID–19 will 

continue for 2023 and later years. 

However, to the extent there is a longterm higher mortality rate from COVID– 

19, the Treasury Department and the 

IRS expect that RPEC will reflect the 

long-term impact of COVID–19 in future 

mortality improvement scales, which 

could be specified for use in future 

guidance. The Treasury Department and 

the IRS request comments about how 

the data for periods in which mortality 

experience for plan participants has 

been significantly affected by the 

COVID–19 pandemic should be taken 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 25165 

into account in future mortality 

improvement rates under these 

regulations and future base mortality 

tables. 

These proposed regulations do not 

change any of the rules or procedures 

required for employers to request 

substitute mortality tables. The Treasury 

Department and the IRS request 

comments about whether the rules and 

procedures relating to development of 

substitute mortality tables should be 

modified to recognize the potential that 

the mortality experience for the period 

of the COVID–19 pandemic is not 

accurately predictive of the future 

mortality experience for participants of 

a plan for which substitute mortality 

tables are requested. 

Incorporation by Reference 

Section 1.430(h)(3)–1(b)(1)(iii) of the 

proposed regulations provides that the 

mortality improvement rates used to 

construct generational tables to be used 

for valuation dates occurring during 

2023 are the Scale MP–2021 Rates, 

which are included in the Mortality 

Improvement Scale MP–2021 Report. 

The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) 

has regulations concerning 

incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part 

51. These regulations require that 

agencies must discuss in the preamble 

to a rule or proposed rule the way in 

which materials that the agency 

incorporates by reference are reasonably 

available to interested persons, and how 

interested parties can obtain the 

materials. 1 CFR 51.5(b). 

The Scale MP–2021 Rates and the 

Mortality Improvement Scale MP–2021 

Report are described in this preamble 

under the heading ‘‘B. Mortality 

Improvement’’ in the Explanation of 

Provisions section of this preamble. The 

Mortality Improvement Scale MP–2021 

Report was issued by the Retirement 

Plans Experience Committee of the 

Society of Actuaries on October 27, 

2021, and is available at https:// 

www.soa.org/resources/experiencestudies/2021/mortality-improvementscale-mp-2021. 

Statement of Availability of IRS 

Documents 

IRS Revenue Rulings, Revenue 

Procedures, and Notices cited in this 

document are published in the Internal 

Revenue Bulletin (or Cumulative 

Bulletin) and are available from the 

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. 

Government Printing Office, 

Washington, DC 20402, or by visiting 

the IRS website at www.irs.gov. 

Special Analyses 

These regulations are not subject to 

review under section 6(b) of Executive 

Order 12866 pursuant to the 

Memorandum of Agreement (April 11, 

2018) between the Treasury Department 

and the Office of Management and 

Budget regarding review of tax 

regulations. 

Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility 

Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6), it is hereby 

certified that the regulations will not 

have a significant economic impact on 

a substantial number of small entities. 

The only provision that increases 

regulatory burden is § 1.430(h)(3)–1(b), 

which generally requires the use of 

generational mortality tables. However, 

under § 1.430(h)(3)–1(c), small entities 

are not required to use generational 

mortality tables. Therefore, the 

proposed rule would not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the 

Code, these proposed regulations will be 

submitted to the Chief Counsel for 

Advocacy of the Small Business 

Administration for comment on their 

impact on small business. 

Comments and Public Hearing 

Before these proposed amendments to 

the regulations are adopted as final 

regulations, consideration will be given 

to comments that are submitted timely 

to the IRS as prescribed in the preamble 

under the ADDRESSES section. The 

Treasury Department and the IRS 

request comments on all aspects of these 

proposed regulations. 

A public hearing is being held by 

teleconference on June 28, 2022, 

beginning at 10 a.m. EST. The rules of 

26 CFR 601.601(a)(3) apply to the 

hearing. Persons who wish to present 

oral comments by telephone at the 

hearing must submit electronic or 

written comments and an outline of the 

topics to be addressed and the time to 

be devoted to each topic by June 9, 

2022, as prescribed in the preamble 

under the ADDRESSES section. 

A period of 10 minutes will be 

allocated to each person for making 

comments. After the deadline for 

receiving outlines has passed, the IRS 

will prepare an agenda containing the 

schedule of speakers. Copies of the 

agenda will be made available at 

www.regulations.gov, search IRS and 

REG–106384–20. Copies of the agenda 

will also be available by emailing a 

request to publichearings@irs.gov. 

Please put ‘‘REG–106384–20 Agenda 

Request’’ in the subject line of the email. 

Drafting Information 

The principal authors of these 

regulations are Arslan Malik and Linda 

S.F. Marshall of the Office of Associate 

Chief Counsel (Employee Benefits, 

Exempt Organizations, and Employment 

Taxes). However, other personnel from 

the Treasury Department and the IRS 

participated in the development of these 

regulations. 

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1 

Income taxes, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendments to the Regulations 

Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is 

proposed to be amended as follows: 

PART 1—INCOME TAXES 

■ Paragraph 1. The authority citation 

for part 1 continues to read, in part, as 

follows: 

Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * * 

■ Par. 2. Section 1.430(h)(3)–1 is 

revised to read as follows: 

§ 1.430 (h)(3)–1 Mortality tables used to 

determine present value. 

(a) Overview—(1) Standard mortality 

tables. This section sets forth rules for 

the mortality tables to be used in 

determining present value or making 

any computation under section 430. 

These mortality tables include— 

(i) Generational mortality tables 

described in paragraph (b) of this 

section; and 

(ii) Static mortality tables for small 

plans described in paragraph (c) of this 

section. 

(2) Alternative tables—(i) Planspecific mortality tables. In lieu of using 

the mortality tables provided under this 

section, plan-specific substitute 

mortality tables are permitted to be used 

for purposes of section 430 pursuant to 

section 430(h)(3)(C), provided that the 

requirements of § 1.430(h)(3)–2 are 

satisfied. 

(ii) Disabled individuals. In lieu of 

using the mortality tables provided 

under this section, mortality tables for 

disabled individuals are permitted to be 

used pursuant to section 430(h)(3)(D). 

These tables are provided in guidance 

published in the Internal Revenue 

Bulletin. See § 601.601(d) of this 

chapter. 

(b) Generational mortality tables—(1) 

In general—(i) Construction of 

generational mortality tables. The 

generational mortality tables that are 

permitted to be used under section 

430(h)(3)(A) and paragraph (a)(1)(i) of 

this section are constructed from the 

base mortality tables described in 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
25166 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 

paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section and 

the mortality improvement rates 

described in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this 

section. 

(ii) Base mortality tables. The base 

mortality tables are set forth in 

paragraph (d) of this section. The base 

year for those tables is 2012. 

(iii) Mortality improvement rates. The 

mortality improvement rates for 

valuation dates occurring during 2023 

are the Scale MP–2021 Rates. 

Note 1 to paragraph (b)(1)(iii): For later 

years, updated mortality improvement rates 

that take into account new data for mortality 

improvement trends of the general 

population will also be incorporated by 

reference. 

(iv) Incorporation by reference. The 

material listed in this paragraph 

(b)(1)(iv) is incorporated by reference 

into this section with the approval of 

the Director of the Federal Register 

under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. 

This material is available for inspection 

at the IRS and at the National Archives 

and Records Administration (NARA). 

Contact IRS at: Qualified Plans Branch 

1, CC:EEE:QP1, 1111 Constitution 

Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20224; 

(202) 317–6700; www.irs.gov/retirementplans/interest-rates-tables. For 

information on the availability of this 

material at NARA, email: fr.inspection@

nara.gov, or go to: www.archives.gov/ 

federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. 

The material is available from the 

Society of Actuaries at: Society of 

Actuaries, 475 N. Martingale Rd., Suite 

600, Schaumburg, IL 60173; (847) 706– 

3500; https://www.soa.org/resources/ 

experience-studies/2021/mortalityimprovement-scale-mp-2021/. 

(A) The Scale MP–2021 Rates. 

(B) [Reserved] 

(2) Application of mortality 

improvement rates—(i) In general. 

Under the generational mortality tables 

described in this paragraph (b), the 

probability of an individual’s death at a 

particular age in the future is 

determined as the individual’s base 

mortality rate that applies at that age 

(that is, the applicable mortality rate 

from the tables set forth in paragraph (d) 

of this section for that age, gender, and 

status as an annuitant or a nonannuitant) multiplied by the cumulative 

mortality improvement factor for the 

individual’s gender and for that age for 

the period from 2012 through the 

calendar year in which the individual is 

projected to reach the particular age. 

Paragraph (b)(3) of this section shows 

how the base mortality tables in 

paragraph (d) of this section and the 

mortality improvement rates for 

valuation dates occurring during 2023 

are combined to determine projected 

mortality rates. 

(ii) Cumulative mortality 

improvement factor. The cumulative 

mortality improvement factor for an age 

and gender for a period is the product 

of the annual mortality improvement 

factors for that age and gender for each 

year within that period. 

(iii) Annual mortality improvement 

factor. The annual mortality 

improvement factor for an age and 

gender for a year is 1 minus the 

mortality improvement rate that applies 

for that age and gender for that year. If 

that annual mortality improvement rate 

is greater than 1 (corresponding to a 

negative mortality improvement rate), 

then the projected mortality rate for that 

age and gender for that year is greater 

than the projected mortality rate for the 

same age and gender for the preceding 

year. 

(3) Example of calculation—(i) 

Calculation of mortality rate. The 

mortality rate for 2023 that is applied to 

male annuitants who are age 67 in 2023 

is equal to the product of the mortality 

rate for 2012 that applied to male 

annuitants who were age 67 in 2012 

(0.01288) and the cumulative mortality 

improvement factor for age 67 males 

from 2012 to 2023. The cumulative 

mortality improvement factor for age 67 

males for the period from 2012 to 2023 

is 0.9919, and the mortality rate for 2023 

for male annuitants who are age 67 in 

that year would be 0.01278, as shown in 

the following table. 

TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (b)(3)(i) 

Calendar year 

Mortality 

improvement 

rate 

Annual mortality 

improvement 

factor 

(1-mortality 

improvement 

rate) 

Cumulative 

mortality 

improvement 

factor 

Mortality 

rate 

2012 ........................................................................................................... n/a n/a n/a 0.01288 

2013 ........................................................................................................... 0.0052 0.9948 0.9948 ........................

2014 ........................................................................................................... 0.0027 0.9973 0.9921 ........................

2015 ........................................................................................................... 0.0009 0.9991 0.9912 ........................

2016 ........................................................................................................... (0.0003) 1.0003 0.9915 ........................

2017 ........................................................................................................... (0.0010) 1.0010 0.9925 ........................

2018 ........................................................................................................... (0.0016) 1.0016 0.9941 ........................

2019 ........................................................................................................... (0.0016) 1.0016 0.9957 ........................

2020 ........................................................................................................... (0.0010) 1.0010 0.9967 ........................

2021 ........................................................................................................... 0.0000 1.0000 0.9967 ........................

2022 ........................................................................................................... 0.0015 0.9985 0.9952 ........................

2023 ........................................................................................................... 0.0033 0.9967 0.9919 0.01278 

(ii) Probability of survival for an 

individual. After the projected mortality 

rates are derived for each age for each 

year, the rates are used to calculate the 

present value of a benefit stream that 

depends on the probability of survival 

year-by-year. For example, for purposes 

of calculating the present value (for a 

2023 valuation date) of future payments 

in a benefit stream payable for a male 

annuitant who is age 67 in 2023, the 

probability of survival for the annuitant 

is based on the mortality rate for a male 

annuitant who is age 67 in 2023 

(0.01278), and the projected mortality 

rate for a male annuitant who will be 

age 68 in 2024 (0.01378), age 69 in 2025 

(0.01489), and so on. 

(4) Use of the tables—(i) Separate 

tables for annuitants and nonannuitants. Separate mortality tables are 

provided for use for annuitants and nonannuitants. The non-annuitant mortality 

tables are applied to determine the 

probability of survival for a nonannuitant for the period before the nonannuitant is projected to commence 

receiving benefits. The annuitant 

mortality tables are applied to 

determine the present value of benefits 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 25167 

for each annuitant. In addition, the 

annuitant mortality tables are applied 

for each non-annuitant with respect to 

each assumed commencement of 

benefits for the period beginning with 

that assumed commencement. For 

purposes of this section, an annuitant 

means a plan participant who has 

commenced receiving benefits and a 

non-annuitant means a plan participant 

who has not yet commenced receiving 

benefits (for example, an active 

employee or a terminated vested 

participant). A participant whose 

benefit has partially commenced is 

treated as an annuitant with respect to 

the portion of the benefit that has 

commenced and treated as a nonannuitant with respect to the balance of 

the benefit. In addition, with respect to 

a beneficiary of a participant, the 

annuitant mortality tables apply for the 

period beginning with each assumed 

commencement of benefits for the 

participant. If the participant has died 

(or to the extent the participant is 

assumed to die before commencing 

benefits), the annuitant mortality tables 

apply with respect to the beneficiary for 

the period beginning with each assumed 

commencement of benefits for the 

beneficiary. 

(ii) Examples of calculation using 

separate non-annuitant and annuitant 

tables. With respect to a 45-year-old 

active participant who is projected to 

commence receiving an annuity at age 

55, the funding target is determined 

using the non-annuitant mortality tables 

for the period before the participant 

attains age 55 and using the annuitant 

mortality tables for the period ages 55 

and above. Similarly, for a 45-year-old 

terminated vested participant who is 

projected to commence an annuity at 

age 65, the funding target is determined 

using the non-annuitant mortality tables 

for the period before the participant 

attains age 65 and using the annuitant 

mortality tables for ages 65 and above. 

(c) Static mortality tables—(1) 

Availability of alternative tables for 

small plans—(i) In general. As an 

alternative to the generational mortality 

tables defined in paragraph (b) of this 

section, static mortality tables may be 

used for a small plan. The static 

mortality tables described in this 

paragraph (c) are constructed from the 

separate non-annuitant and annuitant 

static mortality tables described in 

paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, 

combined using the procedure 

described in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 

section. 

(ii) Definition of small plan. For 

purposes of this paragraph (c), a small 

plan is defined as a plan with 500 or 

fewer total participants (including both 

active and inactive participants and 

beneficiaries of deceased participants) 

on the valuation date. 

(iii) Use of static mortality tables. The 

static mortality tables that are used for 

a valuation date are the static mortality 

tables for the calendar year that includes 

the valuation date. 

(iv) Publication of mortality tables. 

The static mortality tables for the 2023 

calendar year are set forth in paragraph 

(e) of this section. 

Note 2 to paragraph (c)(1)(iv): The static 

mortality tables for valuation dates for later 

calendar years will be published in the 

Internal Revenue Bulletin. See § 601.601(d) 

of this chapter. 

(2) Development of static mortality 

tables—(i) Non-annuitant and annuitant 

mortality tables. The non-annuitant and 

annuitant static mortality tables are 

determined using the base mortality 

tables described in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) 

of this section. The rates in those base 

mortality tables are adjusted using the 

mortality improvement rates described 

in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section, in 

accordance with the rules set forth in 

paragraph (c)(3) of this section. 

(ii) Combined static mortality tables. 

The static mortality tables described in 

this paragraph (c) are constructed from 

the separate non-annuitant and 

annuitant static mortality tables 

pursuant to paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this 

section, blended using the weighting 

factors in paragraph (d) of this section. 

The weighting factors are applied to 

develop these combined static tables 

using the following equation: Combined 

mortality rate = [non-annuitant rate * 

(1¥weighting factor)] + [annuitant rate 

* weighting factor]. 

(3) Projection of mortality 

improvements—(i) General rule. Except 

as provided in paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of 

this section, the static mortality tables 

for a calendar year are determined by 

multiplying the applicable mortality 

rate for each age from the base mortality 

tables by both— 

(A) The cumulative mortality 

improvement factor (determined under 

paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section) for 

the period from 2012 through that 

calendar year; and 

(B) The cumulative mortality 

improvement factor (determined under 

paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section) for 

the period beginning in that calendar 

year and continuing beyond that 

calendar year for the number of years in 

the projection period described in 

paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section. 

(ii) Projection period for static 

mortality tables—(A) In general. The 

projection period is 8 years for males 

and 9 years for females, as adjusted 

based on age as provided in paragraph 

(c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section. 

(B) Age adjustment. For ages below 

80, the projection period is increased by 

1 year for each year below age 80. For 

ages above 80, the projection period is 

reduced (but not below zero) by 1⁄3 year 

for each year above 80. 

(iii) Fractional projection periods. If 

for an age the number of years in the 

projection period determined under 

paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section is not 

a whole number, then the mortality rate 

for that age is determined by using 

linear interpolation between— 

(A) The mortality rate for that age that 

would be determined under paragraph 

(c)(3)(i) of this section if the number of 

years in the projection period were the 

next lower whole number; and 

(B) The mortality rate for that age that 

would be determined under paragraph 

(c)(3)(i) of this section if the number of 

years in the projection period were the 

next higher whole number. 

(iv) Example. For example, at age 85 

the projection period for a male is 61⁄3

years (8 years minus 1⁄3 year for each of 

the 5 years above age 80). For a 

valuation date in 2023, the mortality 

rate in the static mortality table for an 

85-year-old male is based on a 

projection of mortality improvement for 

61⁄3 years beyond 2023. Under 

paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section, the 

mortality rate for an 85-year-old male 

annuitant in the static mortality table for 

2023 is 2⁄3 times the projected mortality 

rate for a male annuitant that age in 

2029 plus 1⁄3 times the projected 

mortality rate for a male annuitant that 

age in 2030. Accordingly, the mortality 

rate for an 85-year-old male annuitant in 

the static mortality table for 2023 is 

0.07967 (2⁄3 times the projected 

mortality rate for an 85-year-old male 

annuitant in 2029 (0.07986) plus 1⁄3

times the projected mortality rate for an 

85-year-old male annuitant in 2030 

(0.07928)). 

(d) Base mortality tables. The 

following are the base mortality tables. 

The base year for these tables is 2012. 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
25168 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 

TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (d) 

Age 

Males Females 

Non-annuitant Annuitant 

Weighting 

factor for small 

plans 

Non-annuitant Annuitant 

Weighting 

factor for small 

plans 

0 ............................................................... 0.00650 0.00650 0.0000 0.00544 0.00544 0.0000 

1 ............................................................... 0.00045 0.00045 0.0000 0.00038 0.00038 0.0000 

2 ............................................................... 0.00030 0.00030 0.0000 0.00023 0.00023 0.0000 

3 ............................................................... 0.00022 0.00022 0.0000 0.00018 0.00018 0.0000 

4 ............................................................... 0.00019 0.00019 0.0000 0.00013 0.00013 0.0000 

5 ............................................................... 0.00016 0.00016 0.0000 0.00012 0.00012 0.0000 

6 ............................................................... 0.00014 0.00014 0.0000 0.00011 0.00011 0.0000 

7 ............................................................... 0.00013 0.00013 0.0000 0.00010 0.00010 0.0000 

8 ............................................................... 0.00011 0.00011 0.0000 0.00009 0.00009 0.0000 

9 ............................................................... 0.00009 0.00009 0.0000 0.00009 0.00009 0.0000 

10 ............................................................. 0.00008 0.00008 0.0000 0.00009 0.00009 0.0000 

11 ............................................................. 0.00009 0.00009 0.0000 0.00009 0.00009 0.0000 

12 ............................................................. 0.00013 0.00013 0.0000 0.00010 0.00010 0.0000 

13 ............................................................. 0.00017 0.00017 0.0000 0.00012 0.00012 0.0000 

14 ............................................................. 0.00022 0.00022 0.0000 0.00013 0.00013 0.0000 

15 ............................................................. 0.00028 0.00028 0.0000 0.00013 0.00013 0.0000 

16 ............................................................. 0.00034 0.00034 0.0000 0.00014 0.00014 0.0000 

17 ............................................................. 0.00040 0.00040 0.0000 0.00015 0.00015 0.0000 

18 ............................................................. 0.00046 0.00046 0.0000 0.00015 0.00015 0.0000 

19 ............................................................. 0.00053 0.00053 0.0000 0.00015 0.00015 0.0000 

20 ............................................................. 0.00056 0.00056 0.0000 0.00015 0.00015 0.0000 

21 ............................................................. 0.00056 0.00056 0.0000 0.00015 0.00015 0.0000 

22 ............................................................. 0.00056 0.00056 0.0000 0.00016 0.00016 0.0000 

23 ............................................................. 0.00055 0.00055 0.0000 0.00018 0.00018 0.0000 

24 ............................................................. 0.00055 0.00055 0.0000 0.00019 0.00019 0.0000 

25 ............................................................. 0.00054 0.00054 0.0000 0.00019 0.00019 0.0000 

26 ............................................................. 0.00054 0.00054 0.0000 0.00019 0.00019 0.0000 

27 ............................................................. 0.00054 0.00054 0.0000 0.00020 0.00020 0.0000 

28 ............................................................. 0.00054 0.00054 0.0000 0.00020 0.00020 0.0000 

29 ............................................................. 0.00054 0.00054 0.0000 0.00020 0.00020 0.0000 

30 ............................................................. 0.00055 0.00055 0.0000 0.00021 0.00021 0.0000 

31 ............................................................. 0.00055 0.00055 0.0000 0.00022 0.00022 0.0000 

32 ............................................................. 0.00056 0.00056 0.0000 0.00023 0.00023 0.0000 

33 ............................................................. 0.00058 0.00058 0.0000 0.00025 0.00025 0.0000 

34 ............................................................. 0.00059 0.00059 0.0000 0.00026 0.00026 0.0000 

35 ............................................................. 0.00061 0.00061 0.0000 0.00028 0.00028 0.0000 

36 ............................................................. 0.00063 0.00063 0.0000 0.00031 0.00031 0.0000 

37 ............................................................. 0.00065 0.00065 0.0000 0.00034 0.00034 0.0000 

38 ............................................................. 0.00068 0.00068 0.0000 0.00036 0.00036 0.0000 

39 ............................................................. 0.00071 0.00071 0.0000 0.00040 0.00040 0.0000 

40 ............................................................. 0.00074 0.00074 0.0000 0.00043 0.00043 0.0000 

41 ............................................................. 0.00077 0.00082 0.0008 0.00047 0.00049 0.0010 

42 ............................................................. 0.00081 0.00099 0.0016 0.00051 0.00061 0.0020 

43 ............................................................. 0.00086 0.00124 0.0024 0.00055 0.00078 0.0030 

44 ............................................................. 0.00091 0.00158 0.0032 0.00060 0.00101 0.0040 

45 ............................................................. 0.00097 0.00200 0.0040 0.00065 0.00130 0.0051 

46 ............................................................. 0.00105 0.00251 0.0047 0.00071 0.00165 0.0061 

47 ............................................................. 0.00113 0.00310 0.0055 0.00077 0.00206 0.0071 

48 ............................................................. 0.00123 0.00378 0.0063 0.00083 0.00252 0.0081 

49 ............................................................. 0.00134 0.00454 0.0071 0.00090 0.00304 0.0091 

50 ............................................................. 0.00147 0.00539 0.0079 0.00098 0.00362 0.0101 

51 ............................................................. 0.00161 0.00544 0.0140 0.00107 0.00426 0.0185 

52 ............................................................. 0.00177 0.00565 0.0209 0.00116 0.00495 0.0262 

53 ............................................................. 0.00194 0.00588 0.0302 0.00126 0.00500 0.0349 

54 ............................................................. 0.00213 0.00616 0.0430 0.00137 0.00512 0.0449 

55 ............................................................. 0.00234 0.00647 0.0898 0.00148 0.00517 0.0853 

56 ............................................................. 0.00257 0.00686 0.1676 0.00161 0.00522 0.1535 

57 ............................................................. 0.00281 0.00728 0.2153 0.00175 0.00528 0.1923 

58 ............................................................. 0.00308 0.00770 0.2635 0.00190 0.00561 0.2291 

59 ............................................................. 0.00338 0.00811 0.3144 0.00206 0.00601 0.2680 

60 ............................................................. 0.00369 0.00848 0.3821 0.00224 0.00643 0.3192 

61 ............................................................. 0.00403 0.00882 0.4579 0.00243 0.00690 0.3731 

62 ............................................................. 0.00441 0.00918 0.5935 0.00264 0.00743 0.4705 

63 ............................................................. 0.00481 0.00960 0.7153 0.00287 0.00796 0.5668 

64 ............................................................. 0.00525 0.01014 0.7764 0.00312 0.00859 0.6230 

65 ............................................................. 0.00573 0.01087 0.8454 0.00339 0.00928 0.7172 

66 ............................................................. 0.00636 0.01178 0.9002 0.00380 0.01003 0.8006 

67 ............................................................. 0.00706 0.01288 0.9275 0.00427 0.01089 0.8414 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 25169 

TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (d)—Continued 

Age 

Males Females 

Non-annuitant Annuitant 

Weighting 

factor for small 

plans 

Non-annuitant Annuitant 

Weighting 

factor for small 

plans 

68 ............................................................. 0.00784 0.01418 0.9431 0.00480 0.01192 0.8658 

69 ............................................................. 0.00870 0.01564 0.9547 0.00540 0.01309 0.8857 

70 ............................................................. 0.00967 0.01729 0.9642 0.00606 0.01444 0.9046 

71 ............................................................. 0.01073 0.01914 0.9732 0.00681 0.01597 0.9240 

72 ............................................................. 0.01192 0.02121 0.9791 0.00765 0.01770 0.9365 

73 ............................................................. 0.01323 0.02354 0.9823 0.00860 0.01967 0.9437 

74 ............................................................. 0.01469 0.02613 0.9847 0.00966 0.02192 0.9512 

75 ............................................................. 0.01632 0.02905 0.9868 0.01085 0.02445 0.9568 

76 ............................................................. 0.01812 0.03233 0.9889 0.01219 0.02727 0.9637 

77 ............................................................. 0.02012 0.03604 0.9906 0.01370 0.03042 0.9682 

78 ............................................................. 0.02234 0.04026 0.9920 0.01539 0.03391 0.9727 

79 ............................................................. 0.02480 0.04504 0.9935 0.01729 0.03775 0.9765 

80 ............................................................. 0.02754 0.05046 1.0000 0.01943 0.04198 1.0000 

81 ............................................................. 0.02989 0.05657 1.0000 0.02134 0.04663 1.0000 

82 ............................................................. 0.03460 0.06343 1.0000 0.02516 0.05178 1.0000 

83 ............................................................. 0.04166 0.07114 1.0000 0.03089 0.05754 1.0000 

84 ............................................................. 0.05108 0.07977 1.0000 0.03853 0.06401 1.0000 

85 ............................................................. 0.06285 0.08946 1.0000 0.04808 0.07132 1.0000 

86 ............................................................. 0.07698 0.10032 1.0000 0.05955 0.07954 1.0000 

87 ............................................................. 0.09346 0.11248 1.0000 0.07293 0.08879 1.0000 

88 ............................................................. 0.11229 0.12600 1.0000 0.08822 0.09936 1.0000 

89 ............................................................. 0.13348 0.14088 1.0000 0.10542 0.11124 1.0000 

90 ............................................................. 0.15703 0.15703 1.0000 0.12453 0.12453 1.0000 

91 ............................................................. 0.17401 0.17401 1.0000 0.13818 0.13818 1.0000 

92 ............................................................. 0.19151 0.19151 1.0000 0.15250 0.15250 1.0000 

93 ............................................................. 0.20936 0.20936 1.0000 0.16737 0.16737 1.0000 

94 ............................................................. 0.22742 0.22742 1.0000 0.18274 0.18274 1.0000 

95 ............................................................. 0.24569 0.24569 1.0000 0.19863 0.19863 1.0000 

96 ............................................................. 0.26415 0.26415 1.0000 0.21509 0.21509 1.0000 

97 ............................................................. 0.28281 0.28281 1.0000 0.23214 0.23214 1.0000 

98 ............................................................. 0.30169 0.30169 1.0000 0.24983 0.24983 1.0000 

99 ............................................................. 0.32077 0.32077 1.0000 0.26814 0.26814 1.0000 

100 ........................................................... 0.33996 0.33996 1.0000 0.28698 0.28698 1.0000 

101 ........................................................... 0.35910 0.35910 1.0000 0.30619 0.30619 1.0000 

102 ........................................................... 0.37794 0.37794 1.0000 0.32549 0.32549 1.0000 

103 ........................................................... 0.39633 0.39633 1.0000 0.34472 0.34472 1.0000 

104 ........................................................... 0.41415 0.41415 1.0000 0.36375 0.36375 1.0000 

105 ........................................................... 0.43131 0.43131 1.0000 0.38243 0.38243 1.0000 

106 ........................................................... 0.44771 0.44771 1.0000 0.40065 0.40065 1.0000 

107 ........................................................... 0.46329 0.46329 1.0000 0.41828 0.41828 1.0000 

108 ........................................................... 0.47800 0.47800 1.0000 0.43522 0.43522 1.0000 

109 ........................................................... 0.49181 0.49181 1.0000 0.45139 0.45139 1.0000 

110 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.46673 0.46673 1.0000 

111 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.48120 0.48120 1.0000 

112 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.49477 0.49477 1.0000 

113 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

114 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

115 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

116 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

117 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

118 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

119 ........................................................... 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 0.50000 0.50000 1.0000 

120 ........................................................... 1.00000 1.00000 1.0000 1.00000 1.00000 1.0000 

(e) Static tables for 2023. The 

following static mortality tables are used 

pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this 

section for determining present value or 

making any computation under section 

430 with respect to valuation dates 

occurring during 2023. 

TABLE 3 TO PARAGRAPH (e) 

Age Male Female 

0 ........................ 0.00226 0.00194 

1 ........................ 0.00016 0.00014 

2 ........................ 0.00011 0.00008 

3 ........................ 0.00008 0.00007 

4 ........................ 0.00007 0.00005 

5 ........................ 0.00006 0.00005 

6 ........................ 0.00005 0.00004 

7 ........................ 0.00005 0.00004 

TABLE 3 TO PARAGRAPH (e)— 

Continued 

Age Male Female 

8 ........................ 0.00004 0.00004 

9 ........................ 0.00004 0.00004 

10 ...................... 0.00003 0.00004 

11 ...................... 0.00004 0.00004 

12 ...................... 0.00005 0.00004 

13 ...................... 0.00007 0.00005 

14 ...................... 0.00009 0.00006 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
25170 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 

TABLE 3 TO PARAGRAPH (e)— 

Continued 

Age Male Female 

15 ...................... 0.00012 0.00006 

16 ...................... 0.00015 0.00006 

17 ...................... 0.00017 0.00007 

18 ...................... 0.00020 0.00007 

19 ...................... 0.00024 0.00007 

20 ...................... 0.00026 0.00007 

21 ...................... 0.00026 0.00007 

22 ...................... 0.00027 0.00008 

23 ...................... 0.00027 0.00009 

24 ...................... 0.00028 0.00010 

25 ...................... 0.00029 0.00010 

26 ...................... 0.00030 0.00011 

27 ...................... 0.00032 0.00012 

28 ...................... 0.00033 0.00012 

29 ...................... 0.00035 0.00013 

30 ...................... 0.00037 0.00014 

31 ...................... 0.00038 0.00015 

32 ...................... 0.00040 0.00016 

33 ...................... 0.00043 0.00018 

34 ...................... 0.00045 0.00018 

35 ...................... 0.00048 0.00020 

36 ...................... 0.00051 0.00022 

37 ...................... 0.00053 0.00024 

38 ...................... 0.00055 0.00026 

39 ...................... 0.00058 0.00028 

40 ...................... 0.00059 0.00029 

41 ...................... 0.00061 0.00031 

42 ...................... 0.00063 0.00033 

43 ...................... 0.00065 0.00035 

44 ...................... 0.00067 0.00037 

45 ...................... 0.00069 0.00039 

46 ...................... 0.00073 0.00042 

47 ...................... 0.00078 0.00046 

48 ...................... 0.00083 0.00049 

49 ...................... 0.00088 0.00053 

50 ...................... 0.00097 0.00059 

51 ...................... 0.00106 0.00065 

52 ...................... 0.00118 0.00074 

53 ...................... 0.00132 0.00084 

54 ...................... 0.00148 0.00094 

55 ...................... 0.00176 0.00113 

56 ...................... 0.00217 0.00140 

57 ...................... 0.00254 0.00161 

58 ...................... 0.00296 0.00188 

59 ...................... 0.00342 0.00218 

60 ...................... 0.00396 0.00254 

61 ...................... 0.00456 0.00294 

62 ...................... 0.00539 0.00354 

63 ...................... 0.00623 0.00418 

64 ...................... 0.00693 0.00476 

65 ...................... 0.00779 0.00555 

66 ...................... 0.00874 0.00640 

67 ...................... 0.00972 0.00717 

68 ...................... 0.01081 0.00798 

69 ...................... 0.01201 0.00893 

70 ...................... 0.01337 0.01002 

71 ...................... 0.01490 0.01130 

72 ...................... 0.01663 0.01276 

73 ...................... 0.01858 0.01442 

74 ...................... 0.02081 0.01636 

75 ...................... 0.02336 0.01858 

76 ...................... 0.02629 0.02115 

77 ...................... 0.02966 0.02406 

78 ...................... 0.03353 0.02736 

79 ...................... 0.03796 0.03106 

80 ...................... 0.04313 0.03557 

81 ...................... 0.04868 0.04000 

82 ...................... 0.05503 0.04498 

83 ...................... 0.06223 0.05058 

84 ...................... 0.07040 0.05694 

85 ...................... 0.07967 0.06416 

TABLE 3 TO PARAGRAPH (e)— 

Continued 

Age Male Female 

86 ...................... 0.09014 0.07229 

87 ...................... 0.10191 0.08147 

88 ...................... 0.11507 0.09197 

89 ...................... 0.12960 0.10372 

90 ...................... 0.14540 0.11681 

91 ...................... 0.16201 0.13032 

92 ...................... 0.17900 0.14437 

93 ...................... 0.19623 0.15892 

94 ...................... 0.21351 0.17370 

95 ...................... 0.23063 0.18881 

96 ...................... 0.24879 0.20508 

97 ...................... 0.26725 0.22194 

98 ...................... 0.28591 0.23947 

99 ...................... 0.30502 0.25760 

100 .................... 0.32431 0.27640 

101 .................... 0.34372 0.29564 

102 .................... 0.36307 0.31511 

103 .................... 0.38223 0.33471 

104 .................... 0.40097 0.35426 

105 .................... 0.41863 0.37356 

106 .................... 0.43581 0.39243 

107 .................... 0.45234 0.41085 

108 .................... 0.46796 0.42844 

109 .................... 0.48288 0.44529 

110 .................... 0.49240 0.46134 

111 .................... 0.49374 0.47665 

112 .................... 0.49507 0.49112 

113 .................... 0.49651 0.49746 

114 .................... 0.49795 0.49840 

115 .................... 0.49930 0.49950 

116 .................... 0.49960 0.49975 

117 .................... 0.49980 0.49985 

118 .................... 0.49995 0.50000 

119 .................... 0.50000 0.50000 

120 .................... 1.00000 1.00000 

(f) Applicability date. This section 

applies for plan years beginning on or 

after January 1, 2023. 

■ Par. 3. Section 1.431(c)(6)–1 is revised 

to read as follows: 

§ 1.431(c)(6)–1 Mortality tables used to 

determine current liability. 

(a) Mortality tables used to determine 

current liability. In accordance with 

section 431(c)(6)(D), the mortality 

assumptions that apply to a singleemployer defined benefit plan for the 

plan year pursuant to sections 

430(h)(3)(A) and 430(h)(3)(D) and 

§§ 1.430(h)(3)–1(a)(1) and (a)(2)(ii) are 

used to determine a multiemployer 

plan’s current liability for purposes of 

applying the rules of section 431(c)(6). 

For purposes of this paragraph (a), 

either the generational mortality tables 

used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(b) or 

the static mortality tables used pursuant 

to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(c) are permitted to be 

used without regard to whether the plan 

is a small plan. However, substitute 

mortality tables under §§ 1.430(h)(3)– 

1(a)(2)(i) and 1.430(h)(3)–2 are not 

permitted to be used for purposes of this 

paragraph (a). 

(b) Applicability date. This section 

applies for plan years beginning on or 

after January 1, 2023. 

■ Par. 4. Section 1.433(h)(3)–1 is 

revised to read as follows: 

§ 1.433(h)(3)–1 Mortality tables used to 

determine current liability. 

(a) Mortality tables used to determine 

current liability. In accordance with 

section 433(h)(3)(B), the mortality 

assumptions that apply to a singleemployer defined benefit plan for the 

plan year pursuant to sections 

430(h)(3)(A) and 430(h)(3)(D) and 

§§ 1.430(h)(3)–1(a)(1) and (a)(2)(ii) are 

used to determine a cooperative and 

small-employer charity (CSEC) plan’s 

current liability under section 433(h). 

For purposes of this paragraph (a), 

either the generational mortality tables 

used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(b) or 

the static mortality tables used pursuant 

to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(c) are permitted to be 

used without regard to whether the plan 

is a small plan. However, substitute 

mortality tables under §§ 1.430(h)(3)– 

1(a)(2)(i) and 1.430(h)(3)–2 are not 

permitted to be used for purposes of this 

paragraph (a). 

(b) Applicability date. This section 

applies for plan years beginning on or 

after January 1, 2023. 

Douglas W. O’Donnell, 

Deputy Commissioner for Services and 

Enforcement. 

[FR Doc. 2022–06330 Filed 4–27–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4830–01–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 51 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2021–0420; FRL–8371–02– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–AV24 

Air Quality: Revision to the Regulatory 

Definition of Volatile Organic 

Compounds—Exclusion of (2E)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO1336mzz(E)) 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to 

revise the EPA’s regulatory definition of 

volatile organic compounds (VOC) 

under the Clean Air Act (CAA). This 

action proposes to add (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4- 

hexafluorobut-2-ene (also known as 

trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, 

and HFO-1336mzz(E); CAS number 

66711–86–2) to the list of compounds 


jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS1