Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 52 / Thursday, March 17, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 15079 

D&R.315 Fatigue 

The structure of the UA must be 

shown to withstand the repeated loads 

expected during its service life without 

failure. A life limit for the airframe must 

be established, demonstrated by test, 

and included in the ICA. 

D&R.320 Verification of Limits 

The performance, maneuverability, 

stability, and control of the UA within 

the flight envelope described in the UA 

Flight Manual must be demonstrated at 

a minimum of 5% over maximum gross 

weight with no loss of control or loss of 

flight. 

Issued in Washington, DC, on March 1, 

2022. 

Ian Lucas, 

Manager, Policy Implementation Section, 

Policy and Innovation Division, Aircraft 

Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2022–05610 Filed 3–16–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 22–06] 

RIN 1515–AE67 

Imposition of Import Restrictions on 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Albania 

AGENCIES: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This final rule amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect the 

imposition of import restrictions on 

certain categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material of the Republic of 

Albania (Albania). These restrictions are 

being imposed pursuant to an agreement 

between the United States and Albania 

that has been entered into under the 

authority of the Convention on Cultural 

Property Implementation Act. This final 

rule amends the CBP regulations by 

adding Albania to the list of countries 

which have a bilateral agreement with 

the United States that imposes cultural 

property import restrictions. This final 

rule also contains the Designated List 

that describes the types of 

archaeological and ethnological material 

to which the restrictions apply. 

DATES: Effective on March 17, 2022. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

legal aspects, W. Richmond Beevers, 

Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and 

Restricted Merchandise Branch, 

Regulations and Rulings, Office of 

Trade, (202) 325–0084, ototrrculturalproperty@cbp.dhs.gov. For 

operational aspects, Julie L. Stoeber, 

Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and 

Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945– 

7064, 1USGBranch@cbp.dhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

The Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act, Public Law 97– 

446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (hereinafter, 

‘‘the Cultural Property Implementation 

Act’’), implements the 1970 United 

Nations Educational, Scientific and 

Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 

Convention on the Means of Prohibiting 

and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export 

and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural 

Property (hereinafter, ‘‘the Convention’’ 

(823 U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)). Pursuant to 

the Cultural Property Implementation 

Act, the United States entered into a 

bilateral agreement with the Republic of 

Albania (Albania) to impose import 

restrictions on certain archaeological 

and ethnological material from Albania. 

This rule announces the imposition of 

import restrictions on certain 

archaeological and ethnological material 

from Albania. 

Determinations 

Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the 

United States must make certain 

determinations before entering into an 

agreement to impose import restrictions 

under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). On May 26, 

2021, the Acting Assistant Secretary for 

Educational and Cultural Affairs, United 

States Department of State, after 

consultation with and recommendation 

by the Cultural Property Advisory 

Committee, made the determinations 

required under the statute with respect 

to certain archaeological and 

ethnological material originating in 

Albania that is described in the 

Designated List set forth below in this 

document. 

These determinations include the 

following: (1) That Albania’s cultural 

heritage is in jeopardy from pillage of 

certain types of archaeological material 

representing Albania’s cultural heritage 

ranging in date from approximately 

300,000 B.C. to A.D. 1750, and certain 

types of ethnological material 

representing Albania’s cultural heritage 

ranging in date from approximately A.D. 

400 to 1913 (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(A)); (2) 

that the Albanian government has taken 

measures consistent with the 

Convention to protect its cultural 

patrimony (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(B)); (3) 

that import restrictions imposed by the 

United States would be of substantial 

benefit in deterring a serious situation of 

pillage and remedies less drastic are not 

available (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(C)); and 

(4) that the application of import 

restrictions as set forth in this final rule 

is consistent with the general interests 

of the international community in the 

interchange of cultural property among 

nations for scientific, cultural, and 

educational purposes (19 U.S.C. 

2602(a)(1)(D)). The Acting Assistant 

Secretary also found that the material 

described in the determinations meets 

the statutory definition of 

‘‘archaeological or ethnological material 

of the State Party’’ (19 U.S.C. 2601(2)). 

The Agreement 

On August 23, 2021, the Governments 

of the United States and Albania signed 

a bilateral agreement, ‘‘Memorandum of 

Understanding between the United 

States of America and the Republic of 

Albania Concerning the Imposition of 

Import Restrictions on Categories of 

Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Albania’’ (hereinafter, ‘‘the 

Agreement’’), pursuant to the provisions 

of 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). The Agreement 

entered into force on February 28, 2022, 

following the exchange of diplomatic 

notes, and enables the promulgation of 

import restrictions on certain categories 

of archaeological material ranging in 

date from approximately 300,000 B.C. to 

A.D. 1750, and ethnological material 

ranging in date from approximately A.D. 

400 to 1913. A list of the categories of 

archaeological and ethnological material 

subject to the import restrictions is set 

forth later in this document. 

Restrictions and Amendment to the 

Regulations 

In accordance with the Agreement, 

importation of material designated 

below is subject to the restrictions of 19 

U.S.C. 2606 and § 12.104g(a) of title 19 

of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 

CFR 12.104g(a)) and will be restricted 

from entry into the United States unless 

the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 

2606 and § 12.104c of the CBP 

regulations (19 CFR 12.104c) are met. 

CBP is amending § 12.104g(a) of the CBP 

regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(a)) to 

indicate that these import restrictions 

have been imposed. 

Import restrictions listed at 19 CFR 

12.104g(a) are effective for no more than 

five years beginning on the date on 

which the Agreement enters into force 

with respect to the United States. This 

period may be extended for additional 


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periods of not more than five years if it 

is determined that the factors which 

justified the Agreement still pertain and 

no cause for suspension of the 

Agreement exists. The import 

restrictions will expire on February 28, 

2027, unless extended. 

Designated List of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Albania 

The Agreement between the United 

States and Albania includes, but is not 

limited to, the categories of objects 

described in the Designated List set 

forth below. Importation of material on 

this list is restricted unless the material 

is accompanied by documentation 

certifying that the material left Albania 

legally and not in violation of the export 

laws of Albania. 

The Designated List includes certain 

archaeological and ethnological material 

from Albania. The archaeological 

material in the Designated List includes 

archaeological material from the Middle 

Paleolithic to the Ottoman period, 

ranging in date from approximately 

300,000 B.C. to A.D. 1750. The 

ethnological material in the Designated 

List includes ethnological material from 

the Byzantine, Medieval, and Ottoman 

periods, ranging in date from 

approximately A.D. 400 to Albanian 

independence in 1913. The Designated 

List is representative only. Any dates 

and dimensions are approximate. 

Simplified Chronology 

Paleolithic: c. 300,000–10,000 B.C. 

Mesolithic: c. 10,000–6,000 B.C. 

Neolithic: c. 6,000–4500 B.C. 

Eneolithic/Chalcolithic/Copper Age: c. 

4500–3100 B.C. 

Bronze Age: c. 3100–1000 B.C. 

Iron Age: c. 1000–450 B.C. 

Proto-Urban/Urban period: c. 650–27 

B.C. 

Roman period: 27 B.C.–A.D. 395 

Byzantine/Medieval period: A.D. 395–c. 

1500 

Ottoman period: c. A.D. 1500–1913 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material 

I. Archaeological Material 

A. Stone 

B. Metal 

C. Ceramic, Clay, and Terracotta 

D. Bone, Ivory, Shell, Wood, and Other 

Organics 

E. Glass, Faience, and Semi-Precious Stone 

F. Textiles 

G. Leather, Papyrus, and Parchment 

H. Rock Art, Paintings, and Drawings 

I. Mosaics 

II. Ethnological Material 

A. Architectural Elements 

B. Funerary Objects 

C. Ritual and Ceremonial Objects 

D. Paintings 

E. Written Records 

F. Textiles 

G. Weapons and Armor 

I. Archaeological Material 

Archaeological material covered by 

the Agreement represents the following 

periods, styles, and cultures: Paleolithic, 

Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, 

Bronze Age, Iron Age, Urban period, 

Roman period, Byzantine/Medieval 

period, and Ottoman period. 

A. Stone 

1. Sculpture 

a. Architectural Elements—Primarily 

in marble, limestone, and gypsum; 

including blocks from walls, floors, and 

ceilings; acroteria, antefixes, architrave, 

water spouts, columns, capitals, bases, 

lintels, jambs, friezes, pediments, 

tympanum, metopes, and pilasters; 

doors, door frames, and window fittings; 

caryatids, altars, prayer niches 

(mihrabs), screens, wellheads, 

fountains, mosaics, and tiles. This 

category also includes relief and inlay 

sculpture that may have been part of a 

building, such as friezes of sculptured 

stone figures set into inlaid stone. May 

be plain, molded, carved, or inscribed. 

Decorative motifs may be incised or in 

high relief. 

b. Monuments and Stelae—Types 

include menhir, votive statues, funerary 

and votive stelae, bases and base 

revetments, and carved relief vases and 

slabs, usually in limestone, marble, or 

basalt. Common subject matter also 

includes figural, vegetative, floral, or 

decorative motifs. These may be 

painted, carved with relief sculpture, 

and/or carry dedicatory or funerary 

inscriptions. 

c. Sarcophagi and Ossuaries—In 

marble and limestone. The sides and 

lids of sarcophagi and ossuaries may 

have relief sculptures of human and 

animal figures, inscriptions, 

monograms, and floral and geometric 

decoration. 

d. Statuary—Both large and small, in 

marble, limestone, sandstone, and other 

stone. Subject matter includes human 

and animal figures and groups of figures 

in the round, as well as floral, vegetal 

and abstract elements, including 

fragments of statues. 

2. Vessels and Containers—In marble, 

steatite, rock crystal, and other stone. 

Types include conventional shapes, 

such as bowls, cups, jars, jugs, and 

lamps, or may be in the shape of a 

human or animal, or part of a human or 

animal. 

3. Furniture—In marble and other 

stone. Types include tables, thrones, 

beds, funerary furniture, and other 

burial elements. 

4. Tools and Weapons—In flint, chert, 

obsidian, limestone, and other hard 

stone. Types include small tools, large 

and small blades, borers, scrapers, 

sickles, awls, harpoons, cores, loom 

weights, and arrow heads. Ground stone 

types include grinders (e.g., mortars, 

pestles, millstones, and/or whetstones), 

choppers, axes, hammers, molds, and 

mace heads. 

5. Seals and Stamps—These are small 

devices with at least one side engraved 

with a design for stamping or sealing, 

often in marble, limestone, and various 

semiprecious stones, including rock 

crystal, amethyst, jasper, agate, steatite, 

and carnelian. Shapes can include 

cylinders, buttons, and prismatic. 

6. Jewelry and Beads—Jewelry made 

of or decorated with colored and semiprecious stones, including beads, 

necklaces, pendants, cameos, crowns, 

earrings, finger rings, bracelets, anklets, 

belts, girdles, pins, hair ornaments, and 

arm bands. May be incised or cut as 

gems or cameos. 

B. Metal 

1. Sculpture 

a. Statuary—Large and small statuary, 

primarily in bronze, including 

fragments of statues. Subject matter 

includes human and animal figures, 

masks, plaques, and groups of figures in 

the round. 

b. Reliefs—In gold, bronze, or lead. 

Types include plaques, burial masks, 

leaves, and applique ́s with images of 

gods, mythical creatures, or other 

figures. 

c. Inscribed or Decorated Sheets—In 

bronze and lead. Engraved inscriptions, 

‘‘military diplomas,’’ ‘‘curse tablets,’’ 

and thin metal sheets with engraved or 

impressed designs often used as 

attachments to furniture. 

2. Vessels and Containers—In copper, 

bronze, gold, and silver. Bronze may be 

gilded or silver-plated. Types include 

conventional shapes, such as bowls, 

cups, jars, jugs, strainers, cauldrons, 

candelabras, and lamps, or may be in 

the shape of a human or animal or part 

of a human or animal. 

3. Jewelry and Personal Adornment— 

In copper, bronze, silver, and gold. 

Types include earrings, ear caps, 

pendants, bracelets, necklaces, 

spiraliform tubes, brooches, torques, 

belts, belt buckles, belt ends/applique ́s, 

fibulas with chain pendants, plates, 

spangles, diadems, pins, dress pins, 

finger rings, hair rings, chains, spirals, 

ornaments, beads, mirrors, wreaths, 

cuffs, and pectoral crosses. 

4. Tools—In bronze, iron, lead, and 

copper. Types include socketed 

hammers, spearheads, lanceheads, 


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daggers, knives, axes, double axes, 

hooks, weights, scrapers, trowels, keys, 

strigils, and other tools of physicians 

and artisans. 

5. Weapons and Armor—In copper, 

bronze, lead and iron. This category 

includes common weapon types, such 

as daggers, arrows, swords, spears, 

javelins, axes, rapiers, and maces. Body 

armor is also included, such as helmets, 

cuirasses, shin guards, shields, horse 

armor, and chariot decoration. Some 

may have inscriptions or be otherwise 

decorated with engraved, embossed, or 

perforated designs. 

6. Seals and Stamps—These are small 

devices with at least one side engraved 

with a design for sealing or stamping, 

often in bronze, copper, gold, silver, tin, 

or lead. Types include rings, amulets, 

stamps, and seals with shank. 

7. Ship and Boat Material—Parts and 

fragments from shipwrecks in bronze, 

lead, and iron, including anchors. 

8. Coins—This category includes 

coins of Illyrian, Greek, Macedonian, 

Roman provincial, Byzantine, Medieval, 

and Ottoman types that circulated 

primarily in Albania, ranging in date 

from approximately the 6th century B.C. 

to A.D. 1750. Coins were made in 

copper, bronze, silver, and gold. 

Examples are generally round, have 

writing, and show imagery of animals, 

buildings, symbols, or royal or imperial 

figures. 

C. Ceramic, Clay, and Terracotta 

1. Sculpture 

a. Architectural Elements—Baked clay 

(terracotta) elements used to decorate 

buildings. Elements include tiles, 

acroteria, antefixes, painted and relief 

plaques, metopes, cornices, roof tiles, 

pipes, and revetments, as well as wall 

and floor decorations in plaster. May be 

painted as icons. 

b. Statuary—Large and small statuary. 

Subject matter includes human and 

animal figures and groups of figures in 

the round, human body parts, shrines, 

houses, ovens, rhyta, strainers, and 

chariots. This includes figurines which 

may be anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, 

vegetal, furniture-like, schematic, or flat. 

2. Vessels—Ceramic types, forms, and 

decoration vary among archaeological 

styles over time. Forms may be 

handmade or produced with ceramic 

wheels, plain or decorated, and may be 

glazed, unglazed, slipped, painted, 

burnished, engraved, and/or incised. 

They may be produced in Albania or 

imported at or near the time of 

production. Some of the most wellknown types are highlighted below: 

a. Neolithic Pottery—Early Neolithic 

types include thick-walled, coarse, fine, 

fine with sand inclusion, red, brown, 

and black pottery. Decorations, 

applications, and paint include sandy 

slip, barbotine, red monochrome, or 

dark brown paint on red barbotine ware. 

Middle Neolithic types include gray or 

black, lustrous, incised, and beaded 

pottery. Decorations include incised 

bands filled with dots or lines, incised 

spiral motifs, or white paint. Late 

Neolithic types include light yellow 

ocherous fabric, red ocherous fabric 

with painted decoration, black ware 

with incisions and applique ́s, brown on 

light painted, clay mixed with sand, 

brown with broad lines and triangles, 

unpolished, net patterns, zig-zag lines, 

fine, polished, painted, multi-colored, 

linear-geometric, and spiral pottery. 

Shapes include globular, spherical, 

hemispherical, and biconical vessels. 

b. Chalcolithic Pottery—This category 

includes similar types and decorations 

as described above for earlier periods, 

with the addition of thick-walled, thinwalled mixed with sand, gray surface, 

brown surface, black surface, fine, and 

gray-black pottery. They may be 

painted, incised, encrusted, recessed, or 

in relief, sometimes representing 

combined techniques. Prominently 

black monochrome with fluted 

decoration. Shapes include squat 

biconical bodies with cylindrical necks 

and bowls with incurving rims. 

c. Bronze Age Pottery—Types include 

thick-walled and thin-walled vessels, 

which are black, gray, gray-black, red, 

light beige, or ocherous yellow, 

handmade and wheel-made, as well as 

Mycenaean (Late Helladic) imported 

wares. Decorations include bands, 

punctuated plastic bands, incised linear 

or curvilinear motifs, geometric motifs, 

horizontal bands with or without holes, 

finger impressed bands, matte-painted 

with geometric patterns, applied plastic 

decoration, monochrome painted 

motifs, and/or piercing at juncture of 

rim and handle. Shapes include pots 

with handles rising above the rim, 

vessels with wide necks and 

exaggerated vertical handles, vessels 

with bulbous bodies, wide necks, and 

thick lips, cups with handles, piriform 

cups with handles that rise above the 

rim, vessels with elbow or axebladeshaped handles, vessels with wish bone 

handles, bowls, vessels with wide 

throats, vessels with horizontal handles, 

vessels with handle and spout, short 

open vessels with two handles, and 

double vessels. 

d. Iron Age Pottery—Types include 

brown, gray, red, black, clean fabric 

mixed with sand, thin-walled, and 

smooth surface pottery, both handmade 

and wheel-made. Decorations include 

brown matte-painted linear or 

curvilinear motifs, narrow ribbing, 

incised geometric patterns, including 

triangles and concentric bands, and red 

paint on black glaze. Shapes include 

vessels with globular bodies and 

cylindrical or conical necks with 

vertical handles, jars with globular 

necks, beaked jugs, spherical vessels, 

double vessels, vessels with narrow 

throats, vessels with handles rising 

above the rim, pots, beaked oinochoe, 

skyphoi, amphorae, conical bowls with 

upright or incurving rims, 

hemispherical bowls, cups with various 

profiles, chalices, biphora, and vessels 

with four handles. 

e. Illyrian, Greek, and Hellenistic 

Pottery—Types include thin and thickwalled vessels; proto-Corinthian, 

Corinthian, Attic, Devollian, blackglazed, and other types. Decorations 

include thick black gloss, as well as 

Attic and other imported Black Figure 

and Red Figure vessels, including local 

imitations of these types. Shapes 

include lekythoi (small, thin-walled 

jars), large storage amphorae, oinochoe, 

pyxides, unguentaria, skyphoi, and 

others. 

f. Roman Pottery—Types include 

fineware, coarseware, red gloss, red slip, 

black slip, lead glaze, and others. 

Shapes include cooking ware, jars, 

beakers, bowls, plates, vases, amphorae, 

and others. 

g. Byzantine/Medieval Pottery—Types 

include thin and thick-walled vessels 

with fine to coarse fabrics, often deep 

red to purplish with lime inclusions and 

sandy texture, or dark orange with many 

lime inclusions and voids. Decorations 

include red slips, plain glazes, colored 

glazes, particularly green and silver, 

sgraffito incised naturalistic, geometric, 

and figural decoration, painted 

geometric motifs, including dots, ridge 

surface treatment, and proto-Maiolica 

ware. Shapes include amphorae, open 

and closed jugs, large storage vessels 

with small handles, and shallow platelike vessels. 

h. Ottoman Pottery—Types include 

thin and thick-walled vessels with fine 

to coarse fabrics, often deep red to 

purplish with lime inclusions and 

sandy texture. Decorations include plain 

glazes, colored glazes, particularly green 

and brown, painted glaze, sgraffito 

incised decoration, painted geometric 

motif, and Maiolica ware. 

3. Objects of Daily Use—This type 

includes objects of daily use including 

tools, spindle whorls, weights, and 

lamps. 

4. Inscriptions—These are typically 

unbaked and should be handled with 

extreme care, even when hard fired 

through accidental burning. They 

typically take the form of tablets, which 


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may be shaped like leaves or may be 

rectangular or square. In various 

languages and scripts. 

D. Bone, Ivory, Shell, Wood, and Other 

Organics 

1. Small Statuary and Figurines—This 

category includes human and animal 

figures and groups of figures in the 

round. 

2. Personal Ornaments and Objects of 

Daily Use—In bone, ivory, shell, amber, 

and other organics. Types include tools, 

ornaments, beads, amulets, combs, pins, 

spoons, small containers, bracelets, and 

buckles. 

3. Seals and Stamps—These are small 

objects with at least one side engraved 

with a design for stamping or sealing. 

They may be discoid, cuboid, conoid, or 

in the shape of animals or mythological 

creatures. 

4. Tools and Weapons—Bone, ivory, 

and horn were used to produce and 

decorate weapons and tools. Types 

include needles, awls, chisels, hoes, 

picks, knives, spearheads, harpoons, 

and blades. 

5. Human and Animal Remains— 

Skeletal remains from human and 

animal bodies, found in burials or 

preserved in other contexts. 

6. Musical Instruments—In bone, 

ivory, and tortoise shell. Types include 

pipes and flutes. 

7. Inscriptions and Writing—On 

wood, particularly wooden sticks, ivory, 

and others. In various languages and 

scripts. 

8. Ship and Boat Material—This 

includes whole or pieces that compose 

a ship or boat, including logs, planks, 

and other fittings. 

E. Glass, Faience, and Semi-Precious 

Stone 

1. Architectural Elements—This 

includes glass inlay and tesserae pieces 

from floor and wall mosaics, mirrors, 

and windows. 

2. Vessels—Types include small jars, 

bowls, animal shaped containers, 

goblets, spherical containers, candle 

holders, and perfume jars (unguentaria). 

3. Beads and Jewelry—Jewelry such as 

bracelets and rings, pendants, and beads 

in various shapes (e.g., circular or 

globular), may be decorated with 

symbolic and/or floral reliefs. 

F. Textiles 

This category includes clothing or 

clothing fragments, carpets, flags or 

banners, flag bags, wall hangings, 

blankets, and textiles used during 

religious practice, and includes objects 

made from linen, wool, cotton, and silk. 

G. Leather, Papyrus, and Parchment 

1. Leather—This category includes 

bags, furniture parts, masks, shields, 

cases and containers for a variety of 

uses, sandals, clothing, and manuscript 

covers. There are examples of religious 

and/or rare books that were written on 

leather pages. 

2. Papyrus—Documents made from 

papyrus and written upon. These are 

often rolled and/or fragmentary. 

3. Parchment—Writing material made 

of animal skin and used to produce 

manuscripts, including religious, 

liturgical, and scientific works. These 

may be single leaves or bound as books 

or scrolls. These may also have 

illustrations or illuminated paintings 

with gold and other colors. 

H. Rock Art, Paintings, and Drawing 

1. Rock Art—Types include humanmade markings on stone, cave walls, or 

rocks in open air, and may be carved or 

painted. The earliest known examples 

date from approximately 10,000 B.C. 

2. Wall Paintings—This category 

includes paintings from buildings and 

tombs. Several methods were used, such 

as wet-fresco and dry-fresco, and the 

paintings may be applied to plaster, 

wood, or stone. Types include simple 

applied color, bands and borders, 

landscapes, scenes of people and/or 

animals in natural or built settings, and 

religious themes. Tomb paintings may 

depict gods, goddesses, or funerary 

scenes, and date primarily from the first 

millennium BC through the 6th century 

A.D. 

3. Panel Painting (Icons)—An icon is 

a work of art for religious devotion, 

normally depicting saints, angels, or 

other religious figures. These are 

painted on a wooden panel, often for 

inclusion in a wooden screen 

(iconostasis), or else painted onto 

ceramic panels. May be partially 

covered with gold or silver, sometimes 

encrusted with precious or semiprecious stone. 

I. Mosaics 

Mosaics are a combination of small 

three-dimensional pieces of colored 

stone or glass (tesserae) to create motifs, 

such as geometric shapes, mythological 

scenes, floral or animal designs, natural 

motifs, such as landscapes, and 

depictions of daily chores. These were 

generally applied to walls, ceilings, or 

floors. 

II. Ethnological Material 

Ethnological material covered by the 

Agreement includes, but is not limited 

to, architectural elements from historic 

or religious structures, funerary objects, 

ritual and ceremonial objects, paintings, 

written records, textiles, and weapons 

and armor; all of which contribute to the 

knowledge of the origins, development, 

and history of the Albanian people. This 

includes objects from approximately 

A.D. 400, starting in the Byzantine 

period, through the Medieval and 

Ottoman periods, ending in A.D. 1913, 

with Albania’s independence. 

A. Architectural Elements 

This category includes architectural 

elements and decoration from religious 

and historic buildings in all materials. 

These buildings have distinctive 

characteristics described below. 

Examples of architectural elements 

covered by the Agreement include, but 

are not limited to, the following objects: 

1. Structural and Decorative 

Architectural Elements—This category 

includes material from religious or 

public buildings in stone, ceramic, 

plaster, wood, and other organic 

elements, which includes blocks; 

columns, capitals, bases, lintels, jambs, 

friezes, and pilasters; beams, panels, 

doors, door frames, and window fittings; 

altars and altar partitions, prayer niches 

(mihrab), circular marking slabs 

(omphalion), screens, iconostases, 

fountains, ceilings, and carved, molded, 

or painted brick and tile. Metal elements 

are primarily in copper, brass, lead, and 

alloys, and may include doors, door 

fixtures, lathes, finials, chandeliers, 

screens, and sheets to protect domes. 

Glass may be incorporated into either 

structural or decorative elements. This 

category also includes relief and inlay 

sculpture, including applique ́s and 

plaques that may have been part of a 

building. May be plain, molded, carved, 

or inscribed. Decorative motifs may be 

incised or in high relief, and may 

include religious, floral, human, animal, 

or other motifs. 

2. Mosaics—Wall or floor mosaics 

generally portray religious images and 

scenes of biblical events. Surrounding 

panels may contain animal, floral, or 

geometric designs. They are made from 

stone and glass cut into small pieces 

(tesserae) and laid into a plaster matrix. 

B. Funerary Objects 

This category includes objects related 

to funerary rites and burials in all 

materials. Examples of funerary objects 

covered by the Agreement include, but 

are not limited to, the following objects: 

1. Sepulchers—Sepulchers are 

repositories for human or animal 

remains, in stone (usually marble or 

limestone), metal, and wood. Types of 

burial containers include sarcophagi, 

caskets, coffins, and chest urns. These 

may also have associated sculpture in 

relief or in the round. May be plain or 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 52 / Thursday, March 17, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 15083 

have figural, geometric, or floral motifs, 

either painted or carved in relief. May 

also contain human or animal remains. 

2. Inscriptions, Memorial Stones, 

Epitaphs, and Tombstones—This 

category includes inscribed funerary 

objects, primarily slabs in marble and 

ceramic; most frequently engraved with 

Ottoman Turkish or Greek. These may 

also have associated sculpture in relief 

or in the round. 

3. Funerary Offerings—This category 

includes objects in all materials; 

shrouds and body adornment, such as 

clothing, jewelry, and accessories; idols, 

figurines, vessels, beads, weapons, or 

other ritual or ceremonial offerings; and 

writing implements, books, and 

manuscripts. 

C. Ritual and Ceremonial Objects 

This category includes objects for use 

in religious services (Christian, Islamic, 

or other) or by the state (Byzantine 

Empire, Medieval period rulers, and 

Ottoman Empire). Examples of ritual 

and ceremonial objects covered by the 

Agreement include, but are not limited 

to, the following objects: 

1. Religious Objects—This category 

includes objects in all materials, such as 

lamps, libation vessels, patens, pitchers, 

chalices, plates, censers, candelabra, 

crosses and cross pendants, pilgrim 

flasks, tabernacles, boxes and chests, 

carved diptychs, triptychs, plaques and 

applique ́s, cast metal icons, liturgical 

spoons, ecclesiastic crowns, bells, 

ampoules, prayer beads, icons, amulets, 

Bektashi surrender stones, and Qu’ran 

study tablets. This type also includes 

reliquaries and reliquary containers, 

which may or may not include human 

remains. Objects are often engraved, 

inscribed, inlaid, or otherwise decorated 

with semi-precious or precious stones. 

2. State Ceremonial Objects—This 

category includes objects in all 

materials. Examples include ceremonial 

garments, clothing emblematic of state 

or imperial position and accessories 

thereof (such as shoes, headdresses and 

hats, belts, and jewelry); objects of state 

office (such as scepters, staffs, insignia, 

relics, and monumental boxes, trays, 

and containers); flags, flagstaffs, and 

alem (finials); stamps, seals, and writing 

implements for official use by the state; 

tapestries, or other representations of 

the court; and musical instruments. 

3. Furniture—This category includes 

objects primarily in stone or wood, 

including altars, tables, platforms, 

pulpits, fonts, screens, thrones, minbar, 

lecterns, desks, and other types of 

furniture used for religious or official 

state purpose. 

4. Musical Instruments—This 

category includes instruments important 

for religious or state ceremonies, such as 

drums of various sizes in leather (e.g., 

bendir drums used in Sufi rituals, 

wedding processions, and Mal’uf 

performances), metal instruments, such 

as cymbals and trumpets, and wooden 

instruments. 

D. Paintings 

This category includes works of paint 

on plaster, wood, or ceramic, from 

religious or historic contexts. Paintings 

from these periods provide information 

on the social and religious history of the 

people of Albania that may be absent 

from written records. Examples of 

paintings include, but are not limited to: 

1. Wall paintings—This category 

includes paintings on various types of 

plaster, which generally portray 

religious images and/or scenes of 

biblical events. Types may also include 

simple applied color, bands and 

borders, and animal, floral, and 

geometric motifs. 

2. Panel Paintings (Icons)—An icon is 

a work of art for religious devotion, 

normally depicting saints, angels, or 

other religious figures. These are 

painted on a wooden panel, often for 

inclusion in a wooden screen 

(iconostasis), or else painted onto 

ceramic panels. May be partially 

covered with gold and/or silver, 

sometimes encrusted with precious or 

semi-precious stone. 

3. Works on Leather and Paper— 

Paintings may be on leather, parchment, 

or paper. Images depicted may include, 

among other themes, courtly themes 

(e.g., rulers, musicians, or riders on 

horses) and city views. 

E. Written Records 

This category includes written records 

of religious, ritual, ceremonial, political, 

or scientific importance, including, but 

not limited to, works on papyrus, 

vellum or parchment, paper, or leather. 

Papyrus documents are often rolled 

and/or fragmentary. Parchment and 

paper documents may be single leaves 

or bound as scrolls or books. They may 

have illustrations or illuminated 

paintings with gold or other colors, or 

be otherwise embellished with colorful 

floral or geometric motifs. There are also 

examples of Korans (Qur’ans) and other 

religious and/or rare books written on 

leather pages. This category also 

includes boxes for books or scrolls made 

of wood or other organic materials and 

book or manuscript covers made of 

leather, textile, or metal. 

F. Textiles 

1. Traditional Clothing—Traditional 

Albanian folk clothing including 

headdresses (qeleshe, pils, Albanian hat, 

qylafe ̈, kapica, langi, le ̈vere, kryqe), 

pants and upper body covers 

(fustanella, tirq, brekusha, xhubleta, 

mbe ̈shtjelle ̈se), vests (xhamadan), belts 

(brez), socks ( ̧corape), and shoes 

(opinga). 

2. Religious Vestments and Textiles— 

In linen, silk, and wool. This category 

includes religious textiles and fragments 

from mosques, churches, shrines, tombs, 

and monuments, including garments, 

hangings, prayer rugs, and shrine 

covers, as well as robes, vestments and 

altar clothes that are often embroidered 

in silver and gold. Embroidered designs 

include religious motifs and floral and 

geometric designs. 

G. Weapons and Armor 

This category includes weapons and 

armor in all materials. This includes 

daggers, swords, saifs, scimitars, other 

blades, with or without sheaths, as well 

as spears, firearms, and cannons. These 

may be inlaid with gemstones, 

embellished with silver or gold, or 

engraved with floral or geometric motifs 

and inscriptions. Grips or hilts may be 

made of metal, wood, and/or semiprecious stones, such as agate, and 

bound with leather. Armor consists of 

small metal scales, originally sewn to a 

backing of cloth or leather, and 

augmented by helmets, body armor, 

shields, and horse armor. 

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed 

Effective Date 

This amendment involves a foreign 

affairs function of the United States and 

is, therefore, being made without notice 

or public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a 

delayed effective date is not required 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

Because no notice of proposed 

rulemaking is required, the provisions 

of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 

U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. 

Executive Order 12866 

CBP has determined that this 

document is not a regulation or rule 

subject to the provisions of Executive 

Order 12866 because it pertains to a 

foreign affairs function of the United 

States, as described above, and therefore 

is specifically exempted by section 

3(d)(2) of Executive Order 12866. 

Signing Authority 

This regulation is being issued in 

accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) 

pertaining to the Secretary of the 

Treasury’s authority (or that of his/her 

delegate) to approve regulations related 

to customs revenue functions. 


khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with RULES
15084 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 52 / Thursday, March 17, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

Chris Magnus, the Commissioner of 

CBP, having reviewed and approved 

this document, has delegated the 

authority to electronically sign this 

document to Robert F. Altneu, who is 

the Director of the Regulations and 

Disclosure Law Division for CBP, for 

purposes of publication in the Federal 

Register. 

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 

Cultural property, Customs duties and 

inspection, Imports, Prohibited 

merchandise, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendment to CBP Regulations 

For the reasons set forth above, part 

12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR part 12), is 

amended as set forth below: 

PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF 

MERCHANDISE 

■ 1. The general authority citation for 

part 12 and the specific authority 

citation for § 12.104g continue to read as 

follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 

1202 (General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 

1624. 

* * * * * 

Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also 

issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612; 

* * * * * 

■ 2. In § 12.104g, the table in paragraph 

(a) is amended by adding Albania in 

alphabetical order to read as follows: 

§ 12.104g Specific items or categories 

designated by agreements or emergency 

actions. 

(a) * * * 

State party Cultural property Decision No. 

Albania ................. Archaeological material of Albania ranging in date from approximately 300,000 B.C. to A.D. 1750, and ethnological material 

of Albania ranging in date from approximately A.D. 400 to 1913.

CBP Dec. 22–06. 

* * * * * * * 

* * * * * 

Robert F. Altneu, 

Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law 

Division, Regulations & Rulings, Office of 

Trade, U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 

Timothy E. Skud, 

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. 

[FR Doc. 2022–05685 Filed 3–16–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9111–14–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 22–05] 

RIN 1515–AE71 

Import Restrictions Imposed on 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Nigeria 

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This document amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect the 

imposition of import restrictions on 

certain categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material from the Federal 

Republic of Nigeria (‘‘Nigeria’’). These 

restrictions are being imposed pursuant 

to an agreement between the United 

States and Nigeria that has been entered 

into under the authority of the 

Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act. This document 

amends the CBP regulations by adding 

Nigeria to the list of countries which 

have a bilateral agreement with the 

United States that imposes cultural 

property import restrictions. This 

document also contains the Designated 

List that describes the types of 

archaeological and ethnological material 

to which the restrictions apply. 

DATES: Effective on March 17, 2022. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

legal aspects, W. Richmond Beevers, 

Branch Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers 

and Restricted Merchandise Branch, 

Regulations and Rulings, Office of 

Trade, (202) 325–0084, ototrrculturalproperty@cbp.dhs.gov. For 

operational aspects, Julie L. Stoeber, 

Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and 

Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945– 

7064, 1USGBranch@cbp.dhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

The Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act, Public Law 97– 

446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (‘‘the 

Cultural Property Implementation Act’’), 

implements the 1970 United Nations 

Educational, Scientific and Cultural 

Organization (‘‘UNESCO’’) Convention 

on the Means of Prohibiting and 

Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and 

Transfer of Ownership of Cultural 

Property (‘‘the Convention’’ (823 

U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)). Pursuant to the 

Cultural Property Implementation Act, 

on January 20, 2022, the United States 

entered into a bilateral agreement with 

the Federal Republic of Nigeria 

(‘‘Nigeria’’) to impose import 

restrictions on certain archaeological 

and ethnological material from Nigeria. 

This rule announces that the United 

States is now imposing import 

restrictions on certain archaeological 

and ethnological material from Nigeria. 

Determinations 

Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the 

United States must make certain 

determinations before entering into an 

agreement to impose import restrictions 

under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). On March 9, 

2021, the Acting Assistant Secretary for 

Educational and Cultural Affairs, United 

States Department of State, after 

consultation with and recommendation 

by the Cultural Property Advisory 

Committee, made the determinations 

required under the statute with respect 

to certain archaeological and 

ethnological material originating in 

Nigeria that is described in the 

Designated List set forth below in this 

document. 

These determinations include the 

following: (1) That the cultural 

patrimony of Nigeria is in jeopardy from 

the pillage of certain types of 

archaeological material representing 

Nigeria’s cultural heritage dating from 

approximately 1500 B.C. to A.D. 1770, 

and certain categories of ethnological 

material dating from approximately A.D. 

200 to the early 20th century A.D. (19 

U.S.C. 2606(a)(1)(A)); (2) that the 

Nigerian government has taken 

measures consistent with the 

Convention to protect its cultural 

patrimony (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(B)); (3) 

that import restrictions imposed by the 

United States would be of substantial 

benefit in deterring a serious situation of 

pillage and remedies less drastic are not 

available (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(C)); and 

(4) that the application of import 

restrictions as set forth in this final rule 

is consistent with the general interests 

of the international community in the 

interchange of cultural property among 


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