# Description 1 Air Carrier Certificate- 4 pp 2 OS A023 DTD 11/17/2011
- excepts, Ch 2 - 14 pp 3 Photo N425SW rt wing- 20111207- 1 pp 4a Schematic ofSLC- 1 pp UNMARKED 4b Schematic ofSLC- 1 pp MARKED SkyWest Airlines FAA.2013**~** 0292 Agency Exhibits

5 Cert copyWeatherdata SLC 2011120700-2011120808- 2 pp 6 Tail Audit Report N426SW - 6 pp 7 Dispatch release N426SW 07DEC111334Z- 1 pp 8 NO EXHIBIT 9 Photo N425SW rtfuselage
- 20111207 - 1 pp 10 2150.3B tookjudicial notice 11 NASA Contractor Rpt 3129- 7 pp 12 CV Roy Rasmussen
- 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

### 29 ID IN X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NA NA X X X JN X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

# I :: US.DepOrtmenr

. c:llronsportotion'

· FederalAViaflon

..AdmWstn:rriOn

. ...

.· .·

.·-· 

# Air Ca.rrier

# c·erf.ificate

. .

...- 

# This certifies th.at
SlcYwEST

### AIRLINES~ 

# me. 4.44 SOUT.H· RIVEll ROAD ST. GEORGE, UTAH

..84790·.

. 

### . :(J<, ·.. '. 

### . . ·

has 

### met-the requirements ofthe 

### Ff:;de-;alAviation Act of 1958, as ar:nenped, andthe rules, · · regulations,·and standards prescribed thereunder for the issuance ofthis certificate and is hereby authorized to operate:as aqair carrier and_conduct common carriage**oper~tions** in accordanc·e with said Act andthe rules, regulations, and standards prescribedthereunder

. arid thp. ferms, conditions, and limitations conti:Hned in the. approved operations specifications. !1'

. . . . . .· .

· This certificate is not transferable and;· unless sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked,.=·

shall continue in effect indefinitely. · · . ·.

.Cer1i1icate

### ·number:· · SYI.AOl 

### U
Effective date:FE13RU.ARY 1

# a;.. l 989 REISSUE DECEMBER 6, 2007 Issued af

__ ....:NM:.=.:..: 0 :..::6_.

___ _ oftheAdministrator.·



### BRADLEY D. 

### PEARSoN

. . ·(Signaturf!#J. · MANAGER.
·· · (Title) NOR'J'ffi.."EST MOUNTAIN REGIOB· {Region/Office) ·, . 

### ...



### ·. : .·



### ·-v\O

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## . \i.--\0 · ....**~** / .

# #,)~\ FAA Form 8430-18 (6·87) 

### EXHIBIT

### ~ 

# I

. i



# ------U.S. Department ofTransportation Federal Aviation Administration Operations Specifications

AOOl . Issuance and Applicability HQ Control: 05/09/2003 HQ Revision: 02c

a. These operations specifications are issuedto SkyWestAirlines, Inc. ,whoseprincipal base of operationis located at: PrimaryBusiness Address: 444 South River Road St. George, Utah 84790 Mailing Address: 444 SouthRiver Road St. George, Utah 84790 Theholder ofthese operations specifications is the holder of CertificateNumber SWIAOIIA and shall hereafter bereferredto as the certificate holder. The certificate holder is authorized to conduct:
Domestic operations Common carriage 119.21(a)(l)- andprovided, atall in pursuantto Domestic (D) times, the certificate Title 14 Code · h0lderhas ofFederal appropriatewritten Regulations economic authority (CFR) Section issued bythe Departmentof Transportation. Flag operations Common carriage 119.21(a)(2)-Flag andprovided, at all in pursuantto (F) times, the certificate Title 14 Code holderhas ofFederal appropriatewritten Regulations economic authority (CFR) Section issued bythe Departmentof Transportation. Supplemental operations Common carriage 119.21(a)(3)- andprovided, atall in p'ijrsuantto Supplemental (S) times, the certificate Title 14 Code holderhas ofFederal appropriatewritten Regulations economic authority (CFR) Section issuedbythe Departmentof Transportation. The certificate holder shall conduct these kinds ofoperations in accordancewith.the specific authorizations, limitations, andprocedures inthese operations specifications and all appropriate Parts ofthe CPR. · b. These operations specifications are effective as ofthe "Date Approval is effective" listed in eachparagraphand shall remain in effect as long as the certificate holder continues to meet the requirements ofPart 119 as specified for certification.

c. The certificate holder is authorizedto conductthe operations described in subparagraph aunder the following otherbusiness names:

PrintDate: 11/17/2011 AOOl-1 CertificateNo.: SWIAOllA Sky WestAirlines, Inc. 

## ..U.S. Department ofTransportation Federal Aviation Administration
Delta Connection SkyWestAirlines UnitedExpress Operations Specifications

AlaskaAirlines, operatedby SkyWestAirlines US Airways Express, operatedby Sky West

d. The certificate holderis authorizedto conductflights under 14 CFRPart 91 for crewm.ember training, maintenance tests, ferrying,**re~positioning,** andthe carriage ofcompany officials using the applicable authorizations inthese operations specifications, without obtaining a Letter of Authorization, providedthe flights are not conductedfor compensation orhire andno charge of anykind is madefor the conduct ofthe flights.

1. IssuedbytheFederal AviationAdministration. 2. Supportinformationreference: 3. These Operations Specifications are approvedby direction ofthe Administrator.

2011.11.21 10:16:51 Central StandardTime Location:WebOPSS .Digitally signed by Andrew Ayers, Principal Operations [nspector (NM06)

4. Date Approval is effective: 11/17/2011 AmendmentNumber: 13 5. I hereby accept andreceive the Operations Specifications inthis paragraph.

Brooks, Klen, Vice PresidentFlight Operations 2011.11.17 16:24:44 CentraJ StandardTime Location: 'iliTcbOPSS .Digitallysignedby KlenPBroo.ks on behalfof Brooks.Klen, Vice .PresidentFlightOperations

PrintDate: 11/17/2011 A001-2 SkyWestAirlines, Inc. Date: 11117/2011

CertificateNo.: SWIAOllAU.S. Department ofTransportation Federal Aviation Administration

. DOSS

. AircraftListing Operations Specifications

HQ Control: 09/18/2001 HQ Revision: 02b The certificateholder is authorizedto conductoperations under 14 CPRPart 121 usingthe aircraft identifiedonthis operations specification. RegistrationNo. N403SW N405SW N408SW N409SW N410SW N411SW N412SW N413SW N416SW N417SW N418SW N423SW N426SW N427SW N429SW N430SW. N431SW N432SW N433SW N435SW N437SW N438SW N439SW N440SW

. N441SW

N442SW N443SW N445SW N446SW N447SW N448SW N449SW N452SW

PrintDate: 12/9/2011 SerialNo. Nose Number; IfApplicable 7028 403SW 7029 405SW 7055 408SW 7056 409SW 7066 410SW 7067 411SW 7101 412SW 7102
. 4138.\V 7089 416SW 7400 417SW 7446 418SW 7456 423SW 7468 426SW 7497 427SW 7518 429SW 7523 430SW 7536 431SW 7548 432SW 7550 433SW 7555 435SW 7564. 437SW 7574 438SW 7578 439SW 7589 440SW 7602 441SW 7609

. 442SW 7638 443SW 7651

. 445SW 7666 446SW 7677 447SW 7678 448SW 7699 449SW 7716 452SW

D085-1 SkyWestAirlines, Inc. AircraftM/M/S CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19

.CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2:819 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19

.CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B 19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B19 CL-600-2B 19 CL-600-2B 19
CertificateNo.: SWIAOllAU.S. Department ofTransportation Federal Aviation Administration Operations Specifications

A023 . Authorization to Use an Approved Procedure for Determining Operations During Ground Icing Conditions HQ Control: 02/10/1998**·Hq~evfsiotf:···** ·o2b

-------- ---------
The certificate holder is authorized to use the following approved procedure, as applicable, to determine operations during ground icing conditions as described below.

a. Approved ground deicing/anti-icing program. (1) The certificateholder is authorized to use the following approved ground deicing/anti-icing program described orreferenced in this paragraph. SkywestAirlines Ground DeicingProgram Manual SP 2800 US Airways Express Ground Deicing Manual TheUS Airways Express GroundDeicing Manual is specific to US Airways Express operations only. SkyWestAirlines is authorized to use the approvedSkyWestPretakeo.fJContamination Check Procedure for the CL-600-2Cl0 and CL-600-2D24 aircraftwhen thepublishedholdover time (HOT) has been exceededandconditions conducive to icingarepresent. AllotherSkyWest aircraft that exceedthepublishedholdover time (HOT) andremain in conditions conducive to icing are requiredto be deicedagainprior to takeoff 1. Issuedby the Federal AviationAdministration

. 2. Support informationreference: 3. These Operations Specifications are approvedby direction ofthe Administrator.

2011.11.21 10:19:09 Central StandardT:h11e Location: WebOPSS Digitally signed by Andrew Ayers, Principal Operations Inspector (NM06)

4. DateApproval is effective: 11/17/2011 AmendmentNumber: 10 5. I hereby accept andreceive the Operations Specifications inthis paragraph.

Brooks, Klen, Vice PresidentFlight Operations 2011.11.17 16:25:57 Central StandardT:h11e Location: WebOPSS Dig.itaJly signedby KJenP Broo.ks on behalfof Brooks,I<len, Vice PresidentFlight Operations

PrintDate: 11/17/2011 A023-1 SkyWestAirlines, Inc. Date: 11117/2011

CertificateNo.: SW1A011A

## · .. EXHIBIT 

# 2DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIA) 10NS STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 

## ·Chapter 2 Page: 2-1 Revision: · 06
· Date:

. 15 OCT 11 

## Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations Paragraph Page 1.**De~initions** 

### .............................................................................................................2-1 2. Acronyms ..........•..................................................................................•...............2-13 

### 1. Definitions active frost a. A frost condition that is actively forming crystals, gaining in mass and thickness, and is considered a precipitation condition. This phenomenon occurs when aircraft surfaces are at or below

# ooc (32°F) and at or below dew point. HOTs ·are for active frost conditions. · 

# ---·--.,-·--·---------·------· 

# ------ advisory circular, acronym AC a. Communication or publication to provide guidelines on how to comply with Civil Aviation Rules. · · 

# _____, 

# ___________ Aerospace Material Specification, acronym AMS a. Standards and specifications for. aerospace and aircraft industry, typically published by SAE International. 

# ----·-w...,..______ '**---------·---~....._----:"~-·-----...~~._._-** 

### Aerospace Recommended Practice, acronym ARP ·a. Guidelines for design and production of aircraft and aircraft avionics systems. Aircraft Flight Manual, acronym AFM a. A flight manual required before any person may operate an aircraft, per Section 91.9 ofthe Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs). 

# I.**~** 

# ------·

Air Traffic Control, acronym ATC a. A government system responsible for controlling air traffic by regulating aircraft arrivals and departures, providing safe, orderly, and expeditious movement of aircraft. Air Traffic Control's main function is to maintain separation between aircraft operating within Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). Also provides a service to

. aircraft using Visual Flight Rules (VFR). Ground control is for aircraft taxiing to

and from runways. The tower controls aircraft around an airport, clearing them for takeoff or landing. Departure and approach controls monitor and control aircraft around the airport, and en route centers control traffic between airports. Alaska Airlines, acronym AS a. A major airline carrier based 'in the Seattle suburb ofSeattle/Tacoma, Washington. 

# ·--------·--·------------------· ---·----.. GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSDEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIAl!ONS STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 

### (a) This aircraft is type·certificated as a**CL~600-2C1**

### 0. (3) CRJ 900 (a) This aircraft is type certificated as a CL-600-2024. Celsius, acronym C Page: 2-3 Revision: 06 Date:- 16 OCT 11



### a. A

### sc~le for measuring temperature in which water freezes at

# oo and boils at 1

# ooo. Certificate Management Office, acronym CMO a. The offices employing FAA·personnel who specialize in the certification, surveillance, and inspection ofmajor air carriers and Flight Safety International's Part 142 Training**Center~.** 

### . certified contract station trainer, acronym CCST a. Another air carrier's customer service employee certified by a SkyWest instructor to teach the other air carrier's employees on SkyWest procedures. certified station trainer, acronym CST a. A SkyWest customer service employee certified to teach and train other SkyWest employees on procedures.
clean aircraft concept 

### a. The Ground Deicing Program (GOP) uses the clean aircraft concept, which means an aircraft maynottakeoffwhen frost, ice, orsnow is adhering to thewings, control surfaces, propellers, engine inlets, and other critical surfaces ofthe aircraft. cold soaked. a. The wings ofaircraft are cold soaked when they contain very cold fuel as a result of having just landed after a flight at high altitude or from having been refueled with very cold fuel. Whenever precipitation falls on a cold soaked aircraft when on the ground, clear icing may occur. Even in ambient temperatures between -2°C and +15°C, ice qr

### frost can form in the presence ofvisible moisture or high humidity ifthe aircraft structure remains at

# ooc or below. Clear ice is very difficult to detectvisually and may break loose during.or after takeoff.
cold soak ice a. Water that sublimates directly from a vapor state to a solid state onto the surface ofthe wing when there is enough watervapor present in the air to forrn ice, and the airframe and bulk fuel temperatures are at or below 0°C (32°F). This presents a hazard as it may occur while outside air temperatures are above freezing and therefore is unexpected. This condition typically produces a clear ice film that is very difficult to identify; especially during precipitation. Frostmay also be produced by these conditions.

______________ u
__________________ _ .GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSDEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIAltONS STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Page: 2-4 Revision: 06 Date: 15 OCT 11 cold soaking a. Cold soaking can cause frost and ice to form on the upperand lowerwing due to conditions of rain or high relative humidity and low airframe and fuel temperatures even when there is no precipitation. b. The following factors contribute to cold-soaking: temperature and quantity offuel in fuel cells, type and location offuel cells, length oftime at high altitude flights, temperature of refueled fuel, and time since refueling.
cold weather pre flight inspection a. An external walkaround bythe flight crew used to detectthe presence offrost, ice, or snow on critical surfaces from which the requirement for deicing/anti-icing is determined. This inspection consists of a visual and tactile check. computer-based training, acronym CBT a. Self-paGed learning activities accessible via a computer or handheld device.

, 

# ______, 

# _____ conditions conducive to icing a. Icing may occurwhen the OAT is at or below 

### 1

# ooc (50°F) and, • Visible moisture is present, or • There is moisture on the wing, or· • Wing fuel temperature is 0°C (32°F) or less, and the difference between the OAT and dew point temperature is 3°C (5°F) or less, or • Atmospheric conditions have been conducive to frost formation,.or • There is standing water, ice, or snow on the runway and/ortaxiway.
contaminants a. Contaminants encompass any type ofsubstance thatwhen in contact with the critical surfaces of an aircraft causes a degradation of lift or operation ofthose surfaces. Contaminants include, but are not limited to: 

### (1) Snow (2) Frost (3) Ice (4) Slush (5) Freezing precipitation·



# --------------------- 

# ----·---------·---- contractor deicing a. Any deicing/anti-icing conducted by other than SkyWest employees.

, 

# ____.....;......_. 

## -----·--· --·--·----·-··-·--- critical surfaces a. Those surfaces ofthe aircraft that must be free offrozen contaminants prior to· takeoff. GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSPage: 2-5 DEFh-...ITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIA.I1\..)NS Revision: 06 STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Date: 15 OCT 11 

### (1) Refer to Appendix A, Effects of Contamination, for the list ofcritical surfaces for EMB and CRJ aircraft.
customer service, acronym CS 

### a. A series of activities/policies designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction. b. The provision ofservice to customers before, during, and after a purchase. deice/anti-ice ground operations personnel a. Ground operations personnel trained to conduct ground deicing/anti-icing in accordance with the GOP

.



### . 

## .

## ---·-**-----~--** 

## --·---·-- 

## ·--·------ deicing a. A procedure used to remove frost, ice, slush, or snow from the aircraft in orderto provide clean surfaces. The procedure can be accomplished using fluids, infrared energy, mechanical means, or by heating the aircraft. Deicing fluid is usually applied heated to ensure maximum deicing efficiency. see also anti-icing deicing fluids a. Mixture of heated water and heated SAE/ISO Type I fluid. These fluids are used to remove contaminants (snow, ice, etc.) from aircraft.



# ---·-------------··-- deicingmethods a. Manual removal- Padded brooms, brushes, and rubber squeegees may be used to remove large accumulations ofsnow from the wings and engine inlets before fluid application. b. One-step deicing/anti-icing- Heated fluid is applied to remove frozen contaminants and provide limited anti-ice protection. c. Two-step- After the first step (deicing) is complete, the second step (anti-icing) is accomplished to inhibit the formation or adhesion offrozen contaminants on treated surfaces. d. Mechanical removal (1) Infrared deicing technology, limited to Infra Tek infrared units. (2) Forced Air Deicing Systems (FADS) may be used to remove frozen contaminants from aircraft surfaces. see also forced air deicing systems**·-·-·---·~----·----** 

# ·--------------------- ·-------- Delta Air Lines, acronym DL a. A United States airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, GA.



# ______.., ..**-----·~-·--·----** .........

# ----..

# ---,....

# -

... GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSPage: 2-7 DEFirwlTIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIAI•vNS Revision: 06 STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Date:. 15 OCT 11 

### forced air deicing systems, acronym FADS 

### a. Forced air and fluid-injected forced air incorporating the use of high-pressure, high-volume airstream either by itselforwith deice fluid injected into the airstream. SkyWest may usethis technology at a limited number ofstations.



## --·-·----------·- --··-·-----·---------- --- 

### ---------------- freezing point, acronym

### FP a. The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid. 

# ------·**··---~----·-·-------··----·--------·-----------------~--** 

### freezing point depressant , acronym FPD 

### a. Any fluid that lowers the freezing point ofwater.



### ---·- 

# ------·------------------- freezing precipitation a. Freezing fog, rain, drizzle, snow, ice pellets, or hail that may adhere to aircraft surfaces.

frost (1) Freezing drizzle
- Supercooled water droplets that form ice on contact. Freezing drizzle is inherently more serious than freezing rain. Freezing drizzle has very fine water droplets in the range of 150-500 microns and therefore a higher collection efficiency on the airfoil. (2) Freezing rain -Supercooled water droplets that form ice on contact. Freezing rain has water droplets in the range of 500-1000 microns. (3) Freezing fog
- Clouds ofsupercooled water droplets that form a deposit of ice on objects in cold weather operations. (4) Ice pellets -Transparent or translucent pellets of ice, 5 mm or less in diameter. They may be spherical, irregular, or (rarely) conical in shape. Ice pellets are capable of penetrating deice/anti-ice fluid and have enough momentum to contact the aircraft's surface beneath the fluid. Additionally, ice pellets are of a significant mass and therefore local dilution ofthe fluid by the ice pelletwould result in the very rapid failure ofthe fluid. -Ice pellets include two fundamentally different types of precipitation which are known in the United States as (a) sleet, and (b) small hail. (a) · Sleet or grains of ice- Generally transparent, globular, solid grains of ice which have formed from the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing oflargely melted snowflakes when falling through a below-freezing layer of air near the earth's surface. (b) Small hail -·Generally translucent particles, consisting of snow pellets encased in a thin layer of ice. The ice layer may form either by the accretion of droplets upon the snow pellet, or by the melting and refreezing ofthe surface ofthe snow pellet.

a. Ice crystal deposits formed by sublimation when the temperature and dew point are at or below freezing 0°C (32°F).

___

### ..

## ---·---

# ________,..

### . ._.

..,..._,........

### _ 

### -----·-·----·...

# --
......_ ..._..,.... GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL 

## ---···-··--·-·-·-----------

# --------- CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSPage: 2-8 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIA1 .0NS Revision: 06 STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Date: 15 OCT 11 

### frozen contaminants a. Includes light freezing rain, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, frost, ice, ice pellets, snow, snow grains, and slush.**~------··---- ----------------·--~---·**  

### Ground Deicing Program, acronym GOP a. A program required by the FAA ensuring compliance with 14 CFR Part 121.629 Operation in icing conditions.
Ground Deicing Program Manual, acronym GDPM a. A manual giving instruction and guidance for all deicing/anti-icing procedures.
Ground Equipment Maintenance, acronym GEM a. SkyWest personnel that repair all operational ground equipment, such as tugs, deice trucks, baggage carts, etc. ground service equip'!'ent, acronym GSE a. Equipment used by CSGround Operations personnel to service an aircraft.
hail a. Droplets ofwater that freeze into pellets of ice due to the uplifting effect of thunderstorms. Vary greatly in diameter.
hoarfrost a. A uniform thin white deposit offine crystalline texture which forms on exposed surfaces during below-freezing, calm, cloudless nights with the air at the surface close to saturation but with no precipitation. The deposit is thin enough for surface features underneath, such as paint lines, markings, and lettering, to be distinguished. ·



### --··· ....**--~**

# -----------------·---·--- ----·---·--··- -----·-··..• 

### holdovertime, acronym HOT 

### a. The HoldoverTime (HOT) range is an estimate ofthe time the deicing/anti-icing fluid is effective in preventing the formation offrost, ice, or the accumulation of snow on

# atreated surface. HOT begins when the final application ofthe deicing/anti-icing fluid commences and expires when the deicing/anti-icing fluid loses its effectiveness, e.g., when ice or snow begins to form on or in the fluid.
International Standards Organization, acronym ISO a. Worldwide federation of national standards bodies promoting standardization with a view to facilitating the international exchange ofgoods and services.

GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL**-------·-·------·--~--** ...

# -------·,.._..,.__..
..**~·-·-'"'** 

## --- CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSPage: 2-12 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIAl1UNS Revision: 06 STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Date: 15 OCT 11 

### (2)**Grain~-** 

### Very small, fairly flat or elongated, white opaque grains ofice, similar in structure to snow crystals. Generally less than .04 inch in diameter. (3) Pellets- White, opaque grains ofspherical ice, having a snow-like structure, about .08 to·0.2 inch in diameter, brittle and easily crushed, will rebound from a hard surface and often break up. · · .(4) Wet- Snow with sufficient moisture col")tent such that it packs easily; rolls up when a foot is pushed through it. Does notfly into a cloud when kicked. Packs dow.n when ·stamped with a foot, but has no tendency to splash. Ifthere is any tendency to splash, it must be considered slush. Wet snow quickly becomes slush under certain conditions. When in doubt, be conservative
- treat it as slush. Society ofAutomotive Engineers (SAE International), acronym .SAE a. This Society is a standards development organization for the engineering of powered vehicles of all kinds, including aircraft.**·-------------------··-·~~----~----** 

# Istaggeredfluid application 

# I a. The application ofType I fluid to a surface followed by Type IV fluid before proceeding to the next surface for a Type I fluid application to be followed by a Type IV fluid application.
standard operating procedure, acronym SOP · a. An established procedure followed in carrying out a given operation or in a given. situation. b. May also refer to the SkyWest pilot operating manuals SP 3500 and SP 3600. 

# ·-------------· static air temperature,_acronym SAT a. Outside airtemperature. b. The temperature at a point at rest relative to the ambient air.**·-------~------------· ------------~-**  ..**~---** 

### supercooled large droplets, acronym SLD a. Refers to dropletsizes that have a median volumetric diameter above 50 microns and are at temperatures bei()W freezing, yet still in a liquid state.
tactile check 

## I· a. A physical (touch) inspection ofthe wing leading edge and upper surface to

. · determine the wings are free (not adhering) from frozen contaminants.
total airtemperature, acronym TAT a. The measurement ofthe effective airtemperature caused by the effects offriction.



# ----- GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONSDEICE/ANTI-ICE PROCEDURES STANDARD PRACTICE 2800**~.** Page: 4-3 Revision: 06 Date: 15 OCT 11 

### 3. Contacts A. This chapter includes all Flight Operations, Customer Service, and Operation Control Center (OCC) policies and procedures associated with ground deicing/anti-icing. Questions concerning these procedures should be directed to the following positions:

Flight Operations: Manager Flight Standards Customer Service: Manager CS Compliance and Standards Operation Control Center: Director Operation Control Center 

### 4. Deice/Anti-ice Program Implementation Procedure A. Policy 1) General Managers Stations, their designees, and/or contractors must maintain a constant awareness of airport conditions to'determine when conditions conducive to icing exist. Visual observations, flight releases, orweather information from approved weather sources may be used to determine icing conditions. a) Approved weather sources are: (1) National Weather Service (NWS) offices (including contract observatories) · (2) Flight Service Stations (FSS) (3) Supplementary Aviation Weather Reporting Stations (SAWRS) and Backup Supplemental Aviation Weather Reporting Stations (BSWARS) (4) Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) (5) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) (6)· Any active meteorological office operated by a foreign state which is signatory to the standards and practices of ICAO conventions. · (7) Station personnel may obtain current OAT from the flight deck crew during a deice/anti-ice event. 2) Conditions conducive to icing may occur when the OAT is at or below 1

# ooc (50°F) and:

3) a) Visible moisture is present, or b) There is moisture on the wing, or c) Wing fuel temperature is 

# ooc (32°F) or less, and the difference between the OAT and dew pointtemperature is 3°C (5°F) or less, or d) Atmospheric conditions have been conducive to frost formation, or e) Water, ice, or snow on the ramp, runway, and/or taxiway. Maintaining a constant awareness of airport conditions in order to determine when conditions conducive to icing exist is the shared responsibility ofthe General Manager Station or their designee and the flight deck crew. The PIC, noting that conditions conducive to icing exist,
GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 4 DEICE/ANTI-ICE PROCEDURESDEICE/ANTI-ICE PROCEDURES STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Page: 4-4 Revision: 06 Date: 15 OCT 11 

### queries station personnel to ensure they are aware ofthese conditions. When they are not, the PIC asks the General Manager Station or their designee (operations) to implement the GOP. 4) Pilots may request deicing/anti-icing when they determine a need, whether or not conditions conducive to icing exist. A request from the PIC to deice/anti-ice an aircraft fora specific reason (i.e., cold soaked wings) does not automatically require implementation ofthe GOP. 

### B. Procedure 1) When conditions conducive to ·icing exist: a) The General Manager Station or designee determines station readiness to conduct deice/anti-ice operations. (1) Deice/anti-ice equipment is operative and available. (2) Qualified deice/anti-ice ground operations personnel are available to conduct deice/anti-ice operations. (3) Deice/Anti-ice .fluids are available. b) The General Manager Station or designee implements the

. Deice/Anti-ice Plan Procedure. 2) When the station meets all three conditions in 8.1 )a), the procedure ends here. 3) When any ofthe three conditions in 8.1)a) cannot be met: a) The General Manager Station or designee contacts the Operations Supervisor on duty with the following information: (1) Station name (2) Condition that cannot be met (3) Estimated time until the condition can be met b) The Operations Supervisor provides information as to the inability to deice/anti-ice at that station to the appropriate dispatcher. c) The Dispatcher notes the condition and provides briefing to the oncoming dispatcher until the condition changes. 4) When deice/anti-ice capability is regained: a) The General Manager Station or designee notifies the Operations Supervisorwhen the station regains deice/anti-ice capability. b) The Operations Supervisor notifies the dispatcher ofthe station change in status. 

### 5. CRJ and EMB Cold Weather Preflight Inspection Procedure A. Policy 1) The Cold Weather Preflight Inspection must be performed by a flight-deck crewmember during the external walkaround inspection to determine the wing is free from frozen contaminants when: a) The OAT is 5°C or less, or b) The wing fuel temperature is 0°C or less, or
GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 4 DEICE/ANTI-ICE PROCEDURESDEICE/ANTI-ICE PROCEDURES STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 c) Atmospheric conditions conducive to icing exist, orPage: 4-5 Revision: 06 Date:

. 15 OCT 11.
d) The aircraft has remained overnight and may have frozen contaminants due to exposure to frost or precipitation, which could involve the entire airframe, or · e) On any through flightwhere residual ice from the inbound flight may have accumulated on airframe surfaces or components, or · f) Coldsoak ice is suspected in the fuel tank area. 2) The aircraft should be inspected for cold soak ice by a flight deck crewmemberwhen any ofthe following conditions exist: a) Frost is detected below the wing tank area. b) The inbound leg was greater than two hours with low temperatures enroute and the aircraft returns to flightwith little delayon the ground, and the surface temperature is ·near freezing with high humidity (temperature/dew point spread of less than 

### 3°C) or precipitation

.

. 3) · The Cold Weather Preflight Inspection consists of a visual and tactile check·ofthe aircraft's critical surfaces for frozen contaminants. 

### B. Objective 1) To determine ifthe critical.surfaces are free offrozen contaminants. 

### 2) To determine ifdeice/anti-ice procedures are required. 

### C. Procedure 1) Visually inspect the critical surfaces for accumulation offrozen contaminants. · 2)

3)
4)
5) Inspectfor frozen contaminants by running hand along the wing leading edge and upper surface (or other location approved by the PIC) to detect surface features (seams, rivets, etc.) It must be assumed the surface is contaminated if any seams, screws, or rivets cannot be felt thafwould
· otherwise be apparent under non..:icing conditions.

When it is determined that all critical surfaces ofthe aircraft are free of frozen contaminants after completing the visual andtactile check, no further deice/anti-ice procedures are required. When the aircraft's critical surfaces are not free offrozen contaminants, the PIC notifies station personnel via radio orverbal communication that ground deicing is required. · Takeoff is permitted with frost adhering to the underside ofthe wing fuel tank area that is caused by cold soaked fuel in the following accumulated amounts: · Table 1 CRJ Maximum 1/8 inch layer of.frost EMS Up to 1/8 inch layer offrost is permitted on the fuel tank underwing surfaces. Frost is not permitted on the lower surface ofthe horizontal stabili4er or on the wing's upper surface.

GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL CHAPTER 4 DEICE/ANTI-ICE PROCEDURESEFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 

## Appendix A Effects of Contamination Page: A-1 Revision: 06 Date: 15 OCT 11



### Paragraph Page 1. Effects of Frozen Contamination on Aircraft Surfaces

....................................A-1 

### 2. Aerodynamics ....................................................................................................... A-2 3. Critical Surfaces

...................................................................................................A-2 

### 1. Effects of Frozen Contamination on Aircraft Surfaces A. The degradation in aircraft performance and changes to the flight characteristics when frozen contaminants are present are wide-ranging and unpredictable. Contamination makes no distinction between aircraft, i.e., the performance penalties and dangers are just as real. Frozen contaminants on critical surfaces ofan aircraft such as wings, propellers, and stabilizers can have a significant impact on aircraft performance. B. There is no such thing as an insignificant amount of ice. Test data indicates frozen contaminants having a thickness and surface roughness similar to medium or coarse sandpaper on the leading edge and upper surface ofawing can significantly reduce aircraft performance. C. A very small amount of roughness in thickness as low as 0.40 mm (1/64 in.) caused by ice, snow, slush, or frost disrupts the air flow over the lifting and control surfaces by as much as 30%

. The consequence ofthis roughness on aircraft performance includes: • Severe loss of lift, • Increased drag by as much as 40%, • Impaired maneuverability, particularly during takeoff and initial climb phases of flight, and • Change in aircraft stall speeds. D. Thicker or rougher frozen contaminants can have an increased effect on lift, drag, stall speed, stability, and control. E. Contaminants can also interfere with the movement ofc.ontrol surfaces and add significantly to aircraft weight, as well as. interfere with aircraft sensors. These adverse effects on the aerodynamic properties ofthe wing may result in sudden departure from the commanded flight path and may not be preceded by any indications of a stall or aerodynamic warnings to the pilot. F. Snow, frost, slush, and ice formations on other components ofthe aircraft can cause undesirable airflow disturbances and the restriction of air and fluid vents. This can cause mechanical interference and restricted movement of flight controls, flaps, slats, landing gear retraction, and other mechanisms which are necessary for safe flight. G. Ice formations on turbine engines can cause power loss, engine damage, and/or failure ifdislodged and/or ingested into the engine. H. Ice formations on external instrumentation sensors, such as pitot static ports or angle of attack sensors, may cause improper indications or improper operation of certain systems and components that may be critical to safe flight.
GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL APPENDIX A EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATIONEFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION STANDARD PRACTICE 2800 Page: A-2 Revision: 06 Date: 15 OCT 11 

### I. The Clean Aircraft Concept is essential to the safety offlight. The PIC has the ultimate responsibility to determine ifthe aircraft is in a condition for safe flight. However, flight deck crewmembers, deice/anti-ice ground operations personnel, or any other operational personnel, must report frozen contamination adhering to the aircraft to the PIC. 

### 2. Aerodynamics A. Deicing and/or anti-icing fluid remaining on the aircraft following the deicing and/or anti-icing operation have an effect on the aerodynamic performance of any aircraft. As the temperature decreases, fluids generally become more viscous and have an increased negative effect on aerodynamics. As an aircraft gains speed on its takeoff run, the aerodynamic shear forces cause the fluids to flow offthe aircraft's surfaces. The amount offluid that is sheared offthe aircraft depends upon the speeds reached during the takeoff run and the time it took to reach those speeds. 

### 3. Critical Surfaces A. Critical aircraft surfaces are those surfaces that must be free from frozen contaminants prior to takeoff so that aircraft performance is not compromised. The critical surfaces are as follows: 

### 1) CRJ 200 a) Wing leading edge, wing forward and rear upper surfaces (including winglets), and associated flight controls b) Horizontal stabilizer and associated flight controls c) Vertical stabilizer and associated flight controls d) Engine inlets e) Upper surfaces ofthe fuselage NOTE -Takeoff is permitted with light rime orthin hoarfrost on the upper portion ofthe fuselage that is thin enough to distinguish surface features underneath (lines or markings). 

# + CAUTION
- When the upper surface ofthe fuselage is contaminated with ice, snow, or frost, through which the surface features (markings or lines) cannot be distinguished, then the surface must be deiced. HOT is not applied to the fuselage, as it is not an aerodynamic surface. Type IVfluid should not be directly applied to the fuselage. f) Critical areas that must be free offrozen contaminants are: • Air data probes/sensors • AOA vanes • Antennas • Fuel drains and NACA vent scoops
GROUND DEICING PROGRAM MANUAL APPENDIX A EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION

# I)))~

# I EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION STANDARD PRACTICE 2800.

• APU intake/exhaust • Landing gear • .Windshields and windows · Page: A-3 .Revision: · 06 Date: 15 OCT 11

2) CRJ 700/900 a) Wing leading edge, wing forward and rear upper surfaces (including winglets), and associated flight controls b)

..Horizontal stabilizer and associated flight controls c) Vertical stabilizer and associated flight controls d) Engine inlets

e) NOTE -The fuselage is notconsidered a critical surface on the CRJ 700/900 aircraft. Takeoff is permitted with light rime or thin hoar frost on the upper portion ofthe fuselage that is thin enqugh to distinguish surface features underneath (lines or markings). 

# +CAUTION
- 

### When the upper surface ofthe fuselage is contaminated with ice, snow, or frost, through which the surface features (markings or lines) cannot be distinguished, then the surface must be deiced. HOT 

### is not applied to the fuselage, as it is not an aerodynamic surface. Type IV fluid ·should not be directly applied to the fuselage. Critical areas that must be free offrozen contaminants are: • Air data probes/sensors • AOA vanes • Antennas

.• Fuel drains and NACA vent scoops • APU intake/exhaust • Landing**~ear** • Windshields and windows 

### 3) EMB 120. a) Wings, flaps, ailerons b) · Horizontal stabilizer and elevator c) Vertical stabilizer and both sides ofthe rudder d) Windshields, stall vanes, pitot heads, static ports, ram air intakes, and any other probes and/or sensors e) · Critical areas that must be free offrozen contaminants are: • Air data probes/sensors • AOA vanes • Antennas • Fuel drains and NACAvent scoops

. GROUND DEiCING PROGRAM MANUAL APPENDIX A EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION112-01

40-48

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### @

41 ::**~~~** SALT LAKE CITY I UTAH SALT LAKE CITY INTL
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lEGEND (I]**t6~~~ION** SPOT f) APRON lOCATION SPOT (DEICING)
RUNWAY INCURSION HOT SPOTS 

### CHm-o See 10·9A for description of Hot Spots 40·48

### KSLC/SLC Apt Elev 4227'



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EXECUTIVE TERMINAl 

### SALT lAKE CITY, UTAH SALT LAKE CITY INTL

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@**t6~~JON** SPOT 9**~~7oWft..~7N** RUNWAY INCURSION HOT SPOTS CHill--() See 10-9A for description of Hot Spots 40-48



# 4-FORM CD-64 (REVISED) Prescribed By D.A.O. 201-17 U.S. DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE Asheville, N.C.

I CERTIFYthatthe attachedare authentic andtruecopies of metem;ological records onf'Ile intheNATIONAL CLIMATICDATA CENTER,ASHEVILLE,NORTHCAROLINA.

# "11~~

# a 

# Mb

NANCY A.RITCHEY RECORDS CUSTODIAN**DATAAD~TRATOR** (OfficialTitle)

I HEREBY CERTIFYthatNANCYA

..RITCHEY, RECORDS CUSTODIAN, who signedtheforegoing certificate,is now;**a.<i~** was atthetimeof signing,DATAADMINISTRATOR,NATIONAL CLIMATICDATA CENTER, and thatfull faith andcreditshouldbegivenhis certificateas snch. I

. further statethatI amthepersontowhomthesaidcustodianreports.
INWITNESSWHEREOF, I havehereunto subscribedmynameandcausedthe sealoftheDepartmentofCommerce to beaffixed onthisdate: 

# DEC 12

# 2011 FortheSECRETARY OFCOMMERCE:

## zOI'-\0~-\o THOMAS

### R. KARL DIRECTOR NATIONAL CLIMATICDATA CENTER (Certifying Officer) 

# p)l

\ (...-- 

## EXHIBIT 

# s:.SRRS PRODUCTS FOR:

.20 11120700 to 2011120808

070000 S53Z 29005KT 10SM FEW100 8CTl30 SCT200 M03/M12**~3042** RMK 2 SLP340 T10331117 10006 21033 53003 $= 0 KWBC 070100 0700532 36005KT 108M FEW130 8CT200 M05/M11 A3044 RMK A02 SLP350 T10501111 $= SAUS70 KWBC 070200 KSLC 0701532 34005KT 108M FEW200 M04/M09 A3045 RMK A02 8LP352 Tl0441094 $= SAUS70 KWBC 070300 KSLC 0702532 26003KT 108M CLR M05/M10 A3046 RMK A02 SLP355 T10501100 51010 $= SAU870 KWBC 070400 K8LC 0703532 OOOOOKT 10SM CLR M05/M11 A3047 RMK A02 8LP354 T10501106 $= 8AU870 KWBC 070500 KSLC 0704532 17004KT 10SM. CLR M06/M12 A3047 RMK A02 8LP353 T10611117 $= 8AUS70 KWBC 070600 F KSLC 0705532 15003KT 108M CLR M06/M12 A3046 RMK A02 SLP346 Tl0611117 11028 21061 50000 $=**~~** SAU870 KWBC 070700 K8LC 0706532 14005KT 108M CLR M07/M12 A3046 RMK A02 8LP345 T10671122 400061094 $= SAU870 KWBC 070800 K8LC 070753Z 15005KT 108M CLR M07/M12 A3045 RMK A02 SLP342 T10721122 $= SAUS70 KWBC 070900 KSLC 070853Z 14004KT 108M CLR M07/Ml2 A3044 RMK A02 8LP335 T10671122 58006 $= 8AUS70 KWBC 071000 K8LC 070953Z 14003KT 108M CLR M07/M12 A3044 RMK A02 8LP336 .T10721122 $= SAUS70 KWBC 071100 KSLC 071053Z 16005KT 108M CLR M08/M12 A3043 RMK A02 8LP337 T10781122 $= 8AU870 KWBC 071200 KSLC 071153Z 13006KT lOSM CLR M08/M13 A3044 RMK A02 SLP343 T10831128 11061 21089 53000 $= 8AU870 KWBC 071300 KSLC 071253Z 13006KT·108M CLR M08/M12 A3044 RMK A02 8LP346**1~3**2011-12-07 14:23:00Z Request

2011-12-07 14:23:43Z Message



### EXHIBIT 

# l b