# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ No. 1 1- 34 05

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ St ev e Bu ch an an
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Peti ti on er

- App el la nt

v.
Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Resp on de nt - App el le e

__ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Dis tri ct of S ou th Dako ta - Rap id Cit y

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Decem

be r 12 , 20 12 Fil ed : Ap ril 8, 2 01 3

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re LOKEN, MELLOY , and COLLOTON, Cir cu it Ju dg es

.

__ __ __ __ __ __ MELLOY, Circu it Ju dg e.

St ev e Bu ch an an fil ed a m ot io n fo r po st -co nv ic ti on rel i e f u n d e r 28 U.SC. § 2 25 5, al le gi ng hi s tri al co un se l pro vi de d con st it ut io na ll y in effe ct iv e as si st an ce o f

co un se l. The di st ric t co ur t de ni ed Bu ch an an 's m ot io n. We affi rm

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The Hon or ab le Karen E. Sch rei er, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Ju dg e fo r th e Dis tri ct 1 of So ut h Dak ot a.I.

I n N ov em

be r 20 07 , Bu ch an an was ch arg ed wit h at te m pt in g to m an uf

ac t u r e

m et ha mp h e t am in e on or ab ou t Feb ru ary 2 00 6. Bu ch an an 's jury tr ia l be ga n on Ju ly 8, 20 08

. Dur in g tri al , th e pr os ecu ti on in tro du ced ev id en ce th at Bu ch an an ha d acce ss to , us ed , an d kn ew h ow to m an uf act ur e m et ha m

ph et am in e in 20 05 an d th at two

wom en ha d pu rch as ed ps eu do e p he dr in e fo r Bu ch an an to us e to m an uf act ur e

m et ha m ph et am in e (co ll ect iv el y , "t he 20 05 ev id en ce" ). On J u l y 9 , 2 00 8, th e jury fo un d B uc ha na n g ui lt y

.

Fo ll owi ng un su cces sf

ul di rect ap pe al , B u ch an an fil ed a § 22 55 m ot io n in D e c e m be r 20 10 , al le gi ng hi s tri al co un se l was de fic ie nt fo r fai li ng to ob ject to th e 20 05 ev id en ce as im

pr op er ev id en ce of pr io r ba d act s un de r Fed eral Ru le of Evi de nc e 40 4( b)

. Afte r an ev id en ti ary he ari ng , th e di st ric t c o u r t d e n ie d rel ie f. The di st ric t

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co ur t fo un d th at th e 20 05 ev i d e n c e d i d no t fal l wit hi n Ru le 40 4( b) an d th at Bu ch an an 's act io ns in 20 05 were su ffi ci en tl y cl os e in ti m e to th e ch arg ed co nd uc t to be rel ev an t an d ad m is si bl e un de r Fed eral Ru le s of Evi de nc e 40 2 an d 40 3. Bu ch an an ti m el y ap pe al ed

.

II.

"We rev ie w in effe ct iv e-as si st an ce is su es de no vo an d th e di st ric t co ur t's fin di ng s of pr ed ic at e fact s fo r cl ear erro r." Ro de la -Ag ui la r v. Uni te d St at es , 59 6 F.3 d 45 7, 46 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 ). To su ccee d on a cl ai m of in effe ct iv e as si st an ce of co un se l,

a de fen da nt m

us t sh ow (1 ) t r i a l c o u ns el was de fic ie nt an d (2 ) th e de fen se was pr ejud ic ed as a res ul t. St ric kl an d v. W as hi ng to n, 46 6 U.S. 66 8, 68 7 (1 98 4)

. "A co ur t 'm us t in du lg e a st ro ng pr es um pt io n th at co un se l's co nd uc t fal ls wit hi n th e wid e ran ge

Bu ch an an rai se d ad di ti on al cl ai m s in th e di st ric t co ur t whi ch he do es no t rai se 2

on ap pe al

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-o f reas on ab le pr of es si on al as si st an ce.'" Ro de la -Ag ui la r, 59 6 F.3 d at 46 1 (q uo ti n g St ric kl an d, 4 66 U.S. at 6 89 ).

The di st ric t c ou rt he ld "Bu ch an an 's us e of m et ha m ph et am in e in 20 05 , kn owl ed ge of th e pr oc es s of m an uf a c t u r i ng m et ha m

ph et am in e in 20 05 , an d pr oc ur em en t of th e in gr ed ie nt s ne ces sa ry to m an uf act ur e m et ha m

ph et am in e ex pl ai ns th e ci rcu m st an ces of th e in di ct ed ch arg e of at te m pt in g to man u f

a c tu re

m et ha m ph et am in e in Feb ru ary of 20 06 ." W e ag ree. "Ou r cas e s h a v e fir m ly

es ta bl is he d t ha t cr im es or a ct s whic h are 'ine xt ric ab ly in te rtwi ne d' with th e ch arg ed cri m e are no t ex tri ns ic an d Ru le 40 4( b) do es no t ap pl y ." Uni te d St at es v. O'Dell , 20 4 3 F.3 d 82 9, 83 3– 34 (8 th Ci r. 20 00 ). The 20 05 ev id en ce was su ffi ci en tl y cl os e in ti m e

an d rel at ed to th e Feb ru ary 20 06 "co nd uc t th at [wa]s ch arg ed in th e in st an t in di ct m en t

a n d , t h e r efo re, [wa]s no t 40 4( b) ev id en ce." Uni te d St at es v. Karam , 3 7 F.3 d 12 80 , 12 88 (8 th Ci r. 19 94 ); se e al so Uni te d St at es v. Ru iz -Ch av ez, 61 2 F.3 d 98 3, 98 8 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 ) (ev id en ce n ot 40 4( b) ev id en ce wh ere i t "co m pl et es th e st or y

or p ro vi de s

a to ta l pi ct ur e of th e c h a r g e d cri m e") (q uo ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Jo hn so n, 46 3 F.3 d 80 3, 80 8 (8 th Ci r. 20 06 ). Si nc e th e 20 05 ev id en ce was no t Ru le 40 4( b) ev id en ce, we

can no t sa y Bu ch an an 's tri al co un se l ren de red co ns ti tu ti on al ly de fect iv e as si st an ce by fai li ng to ob

ject t o t he 20 05 ev id en ce o n R ul e 4 04 (b ) gr ou nd s.

III.

Fo r th e rea so ns ab ov e, we affi rm th e jud gm en t o f th e d is tri ct co ur t.

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Bu ch an an as ks us to reject or m od ify th e "i ne xt ric ab ly in te rtwi ne d" te st

. Tha t 3 te st is well -es ta bl is he d in ou r ci rcu it , an d "[i ]t is a card in al ru le in ou r ci rcu it th at on e pa ne l is bo un d by th e de ci si on of a pr io r pa ne l." Owsl ey v. Lue bb ers , 28 1 F.3 d 68 7, 69 0 (8 th Cir . 20 02 ).
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