Filed 10/18/13 Sharma v. Bank CA2/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for 

publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

ARUNA SHARMA,

Plaintiff and Appellant,

v.

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., et al.,

Defendants and Respondents.

B237983

(Los Angeles County

Super. Ct. No. KC061854)

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, 

Salvatore T. Sirna, Judge. Affirmed.

Aruna Sharma, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.

Reed Smith, David J. de Jesus, Rosalie Euna Kim and Michael Gerst for 

Defendants and Respondents.

_______________________________________
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Plaintiff Aruna Sharma (plaintiff) appeals from a judgment in favor of 

defendants Bank of America, N.A. (Bank of America), ReconTrust Company, N.A. 

(ReconTrust), and U.S. Bank, National Association as Trustee for the Benefit of 

Harborview 2005-12 Trust Fund (U.S. Bank) (collectively defendants) following the 

trial court‟s dismissal of the action due to plaintiff‟s failure to file an amended 

complaint after defendants‟ demurrer was sustained. Plaintiff contends that her failure 

to oppose the demurrer should be excused because she was ill. We conclude that 

plaintiff has shown no error, and affirm the judgment.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On June 27, 2005, plaintiff obtained a $386,150 loan from First Magnus 

Financial Corporation and executed a deed of trust against real property located in 

Pomona, California (Property). The deed of trust named Mortgage Electronic 

Registration Systems, Inc. (MERS) as the holder of the beneficial interest in the deed of 

trust. On March 10, 2010, ReconTrust, as MERS‟s agent, recorded a notice of default 

and election to sell under deed of trust stating that plaintiff‟s arrears exceeded $17,000. 

A substitution of trustee and assignment of deed of trust was recorded on March 23, 

2010, stating that MERS was appointing ReconTrust as the substitute trustee and 

assigning its interest in the deed of trust to U.S. Bank. On July 26, 2011, ReconTrust 

recorded a notice of trustee‟s sale. 
3

Plaintiff filed this action against defendants1on August 9, 2011, alleging causes 

of action for “failure to comply with California Civil Code section 2923.5,” 

“misrepresentation/fraud,” “validity of loan / non notification of transfer to trustee 

holder / MERS prohibited,” “extortion of loan and property,” and “request to set aside 

default sale.” Plaintiff‟s claims arose from defendants‟ alleged failure to modify her 

mortgage and wrongful initiation of foreclosure proceedings.2

On September 8, 2011, defendants raised a general demurrer and special 

demurrer for uncertainty to the complaint. Defendants argued that (1) although the 

complaint alleged that the assignment of the deed of trust was invalid, judicially 

noticeable documents established defendants‟ right to foreclose in response to plaintiff‟s 

default; (2) plaintiff could not challenge the foreclosure proceedings without first 

alleging an ability to tender; (3) defendants were not under an obligation to modify 

plaintiff‟s loan; and (4) the complaint did not allege fraud with the required specificity, 

among other arguments.

Plaintiff did not file an opposition to the demurrer or attend the hearing.3 On 

October 25, 2011, the court sustained the demurrer with 10 days leave to amend.4 

 

1

It appears that First Magnus Financial Corporation, at some point, transferred 

ownership of the loan to Bank of America.

2

Plaintiff represented to the court at oral argument that Bank of America has since 

reduced her loan balance by about $125,000 and apparently forgiven approximately 

$75,000.

3

Plaintiff states that she did not file an opposition to the demurrer because she 

“suffered from a hemorrhage and a bout of depression as a result of stress from not only 

being on the verge [of] losing the property, but also, her life-long investment.”
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Plaintiff did not file an amended complaint. On November 15, 2011, defendants applied 

ex parte for dismissal of the action. Plaintiff did not oppose the application. The court 

granted the application and dismissed the action with prejudice. (Code Civ. Proc., 

§ 581, subd. (f)(2).) Plaintiff timely appealed.

CONTENTIONS

Plaintiff contends that her failure to oppose the demurrer should be excused 

because she was ill.

DISCUSSION

1. The Demurrer

When reviewing a judgment dismissing a complaint after the court sustains 

a demurrer, we assume the truth of the complaint‟s properly pleaded or implied factual 

allegations, and also consider judicially noticeable matters. (Schifando v. City of 

Los Angeles (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1074, 1081.) We review de novo whether the complaint 

alleges facts sufficient to state a cause of action. (Farm Raised Salmon Cases (2008) 

42 Cal.4th 1077, 1089, fn. 10.)

Plaintiff does not argue that her complaint adequately alleges facts stating 

a cause of action, but only argues that the court should “forgive[]” her for not opposing 

the demurrer. At this stage of the proceedings, we cannot grant plaintiff another 

opportunity to oppose the demurrer. The only issue properly before us, with respect to 

the demurrer, is whether the complaint failed to allege facts sufficient to state a cause of 

action such that the trial court correctly sustained the demurrer.

 

4

Plaintiff has not included a copy of the minute order in the record.
5

The first cause of action for “failure to comply with California Civil Code 

§ 2923.5” alleges that defendants gave plaintiff “false-information [sic]” and that the 

loan was no longer valid because it had been transferred numerous times. Civil Code 

section 2923.5 provides, in relevant part, that a “mortgage servicer, mortgagee, trustee, 

beneficiary, or authorized agent” may not record a notice of default before it has 

contacted the borrower “to assess the borrower‟s financial situation and explore options 

for the borrower to avoid foreclosure.” Here, the first cause of action does not allege 

facts showing that defendants failed to contact plaintiff prior to recording a notice of 

default. Therefore, the complaint does not allege facts stating a cause of action for 

violation of Civil Code section 2923.5.5

The second, third and fourth causes of action all allege forms of fraud. The 

second cause of action for “misrepresentation/ fraud” alleges that Bank of America 

misrepresented to plaintiff that it would modify her loan and that “there was NO 

DEFAULT SALE.” The third cause of action entitled “validity of loan/non notification 

of transfer to trustee holder/MERS prohibited” alleges that Bank of America made 

misrepresentations to plaintiff and government agencies regarding its ownership of the 

loan at issue. The fourth cause of action for “extortion of loan and property” alleges 

that the subject loan was “predatory” and that defendants “over-valued pricing of loan 

[sic].” (Fuhrman v. California Satellite Systems (1986) 179 Cal.App.3d 408, 426, 

 

5

Plaintiff also has no legal remedy for this alleged violation because, as she 

informed the court at oral argument, the foreclosure sale was canceled. (Mabry v. 

Superior Court (2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 208, 214 [“the extent of a private right of action 

under section 2923.5 . . . is limited to obtaining a postponement of an impending 

foreclosure to permit the lender to comply with section 2923.5”].) (See fn. 2, ante.)
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overruled on other grounds in Silberg v. Anderson (1990) 50 Cal.3d 205 [providing that, 

in a civil context, extortion is a form of fraud].)

“ „[T]he facts constituting [] fraud must be alleged with sufficient specificity to 

allow defendant to understand fully the nature of the charge made.‟ [Citation.] . . . [¶] 

This particularity requirement necessitates pleading facts which „show how, when, 

where, to whom, and by what means the representations were tendered.‟ [Citation.]” 

(Stansfield v. Starkey (1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 59, 73.) Here, the second, third and fourth 

causes of action do not allege facts showing how, when, where, and by what means the 

alleged misrepresentations were tendered, therefore, the complaint fails to state a cause 

of action for fraud.

Lastly, a request for injunctive relief cannot succeed without an underlying claim 

to support it. (County of Del Norte v. City of Crescent City (1999) 71 Cal.App.4th 965, 

973 [“A permanent injunction is an equitable remedy, not a cause of action, and thus it 

is attendant to an underlying cause of action.”].) Therefore, plaintiff‟s fifth cause of 

action for “request to set aside default sale” fails because none of the underlying claims 

adequately state a cause of action.6 Accordingly, the trial court properly sustained 

defendants‟ demurrer to the complaint.

Furthermore, plaintiff has not met her burden of showing that there is 

a reasonable possibility of curing the defects in her complaint by amendment. When 

a general demurrer is sustained the plaintiff must be given leave to amend her complaint 

 

6

In addition, this claim is now moot since plaintiff‟s loan was modified and no 

default sale occurred.
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when there is a reasonable possibility that the defect can be cured by amendment. 

(Rakestraw v. California Physicians’ Service (2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 39, 43.) “To 

satisfy that burden on appeal, a plaintiff „must show in what manner he can amend his 

complaint and how that amendment will change the legal effect of his pleading.‟ 

[Citation.]” (Ibid.) Here, the trial court gave plaintiff an opportunity to amend and 

there is nothing in the record indicating that she attempted to do so. Although plaintiff 

claims that she was too ill to oppose the demurrer she does not explain what prevented 

her from filing an amended complaint within the three week period after the demurrer 

was sustained and before dismissal. In addition, plaintiff has not explained to this court 

how she could cure the defects in her complaint if given further leave to amend. 

Therefore, plaintiff has not met her burden of showing that there is a reasonable 

probability she could cure the defects in the complaint by amendment.7

2. Dismissal Under Code of Civil Procedure Section 581, Subdivision (f)(2)

To the extent that plaintiff challenges the court‟s order of dismissal based on her 

failure to file an amended complaint, we also affirm. Under Code of Civil Procedure 

section 581, subdivision (f)(2), the trial court may dismiss a complaint if “after 

a demurrer to the complaint is sustained with leave to amend, the plaintiff fails to amend 

it within the time allowed by the court and either party moves for dismissal.” “The 

 

7

It appears that plaintiff has serious health issues and this court is not without 

sympathy for her. Unfortunately, given the facts of this case, the law is very clear and 

the trial court‟s actions were correct. Moreover, as already noted, plaintiff has been 

successful in negotiating with her lender to obtain what appears to be a very favorable 

resolution of the financial problems which prompted the filing of this action in the first 

place.
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decision to dismiss an action under section 581, subdivision (f)(2) rests in the sound 

discretion of the trial court and a reviewing court will not disturb the ruling unless the 

trial court has abused its discretion. [Citation.] It is appellant‟s burden to establish an 

abuse of discretion. [Citation.]” (Gitmed v. General Motors Corp. (1994) 

26 Cal.App.4th 824, 827.) Here, plaintiff did not oppose the demurrer, amend the 

complaint in a timely fashion or at any point after the demurrer was sustained, or oppose 

defendants‟ application to dismiss the complaint. Therefore, the court did not abuse its 

discretion in dismissing the action.
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DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed. Defendants shall recover their costs on appeal.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

CROSKEY, J.

WE CONCUR:

KLEIN, P. J.

KITCHING, J.