IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2015-CP-00069-COA

ELLE ADAMS A/K/A ELLE AQUILERA A/KA

ELLIE ADAMS A/K/A ELLE AGUNDIS

APPELLANT

v.

JOHN LEON RICE APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12/23/2014

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DOROTHY WINSTON COLOM

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: OKTIBBEHA COUNTY CHANCERY

COURT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ELLE A. ADAMS (PRO SE)

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: MARK G. WILLIAMSON

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - DOMESTIC RELATIONS

TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: VISITATION AND JOINT LEGAL

CUSTODY GRANTED

DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 06/28/2016

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., CARLTON AND JAMES, JJ.

JAMES, J., FOR THE COURT:

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶1. John Rice and Elle Adams met in 2011 on a dating website. Thereafter, they met in

person at Books-A-Million in Columbus, Mississippi. At that time, Rice was employed as

a police officer with the Columbus Police Department. According to Rice, he and Adams

began dating, and he eventuallymoved in with Adams and her two daughters. Her daughters

were ages three and fifteen. Adams gave Rice a key to the home, and Rice claimed that he

often kept Adams’s two children. Adams, however, denies ever dating Rice and living
together. Adams claimed that Rice would often come over, uninvited and intoxicated. 

Adams did admit that she gave Rice a key, but she testified that she asked Rice to return the

key and even contacted his employer to have it returned. According to Adams, Rice was

violent, neglectful, and an alcoholic. 

¶2. Rice and Adams’s relationship, nevertheless, resulted in the birth of their son on

September 19, 2013. Rice claimed that he continued to live with Adams until their son was

about a month old. According to Rice, they began to have problems once he refused to marry

Adams. Rice claimed that Adams threatened to take the child to Mexico and “adopt the child

out.” Rice testified that he moved out of Adams’s home shortly thereafter. Adams, on other

hand, testified that their son was the result of Rice raping her.

¶3. On December, 30, 2013, Rice filed a petition to establish paternity, custody, and

support of their son in the Chancery Court of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. Rice initially

wanted custody, but that issue was later narrowed down to visitation privileges. On

September 3, 2014, Adams filed a counterclaim for custody, child support, and the medical

costs incurred in the birth of the child. The trial was held on September 4, 2014. At that time

the child was eleven months old. 

¶4. At trial, Rice called three witnesses to testify on his behalf. Two testified that they

had been to the home that Rice and Adams shared and had observed their relationship. One

witness also testified that Rice had brought Adams’s youngest daughter to her office, and the

child appeared to be comfortable with Rice. The chancellor found all three witnesses’

testimony to be credible. 

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¶5. The chancellor also found that the three witnesses’ statements were highly relevant

because Adams claimed that Rice’s visitation should be supervised if awarded. Adams

testified that any visits Rice made to his friends while he had her younger daughter were done

without her permission. Adams also accused Rice of having a strong attachment to “young

girls.” Adams’s oldest daughter and two of her daughter’s friends testified on Adams’s

behalf. The chancellor, however, found that their testimony lacked credibility. 

¶6. The chancellor, therefore, awarded both parties joint legal custody of the child, with

physical custody remaining with Adams. The chancellor established a visitation schedule

and ordered Rice to pay child support. The chancellor ordered Rice to pay one-half of the

hospital medical expenses associated with the birth of the child. She also ordered Rice to pay

fifteen hundred dollars to Starkville Women’s Clinic for services in connection with the birth

of the child. Adams now appeals to this Court. 

DISCUSSION

¶7. As with most issues concerning children, our standard of review is limited. Floyd v.

Floyd, 949 So. 2d 26, 28 (¶5) (Miss. 2007). The chancery court is granted broad discretion

in making its determination of what is in the best interest of the child. Ellis v. Ellis, 840 So.

2d 806, 812 (¶24) (Miss. Ct. App. 2003). Accordingly, “this Court will not reverse a 

chancery court's factual findings . . . where there is substantial evidence in the record

supporting [them].” Floyd, 949 So. 2d at 28 (¶5) (citations omitted).

¶8. We first note that Adams’s brief is largely incoherent and lacks proper citations to the

record. According to Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(a)(6), “the argument shall

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contain the contentions of [the] appellant with respect to the issues presented, and the reasons

for those contentions, with citations to the authorities, statutes, and parts of the record relied

on.” This Court is not required to review any issues that are not properly supported by

reasons and authority. O’Hara v. Robinson, 904 So. 2d 1110, 1111 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App.

2004). Nevertheless, because this appeal touches on the welfare of a minor child, we review

the merits of this action. 

1. Visitation and Joint Legal Custody

¶9. Adams argues that the chancerycourt erred bygiving Rice unsupervised visitation and

joint legal custody. We find that it did not. The chancellor’s paramount concern must be the

best interest of the child, but the chancellor also should always be attentive to the rights of

the noncustodial parent, recognizing the need to maintain a healthy, loving relationship

between the child and the noncustodial parent. Ellis, 840 So. 2d at 812 (¶24). The chancery

court has great discretion in making a determination of what is in the best interest of the child

as it relates to visitation issues. Id. The law is well settled that a noncustodial parent is

reasonably entitled to more than limited and short periods of visitation; restrictions on a

noncustodial parent’s visitation privileges should only be ordered on a limited basis. Fields

v. Fields, 830 So. 2d 1266, 1267 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002). 

¶10. There was conflicting testimony as to why it would be in the best interest of the child

that Rice’s visitation schedule be supervised. The chancellor determined that these issues

of fact favored Rice based on the evidence before the court. 

¶11. Likewise, the award of joint legal custody was within the chancellor’s discretion. 

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Miss. Code Ann. § 93-5-24(3) (Rev. 2013). Contrary to Adams’s argument, the chancellor

did not abuse her discretion in not considering the Albright factors.1“[T]he Albright factors

are required only where physical custody is at issue; the chancellor’s decision as to the

child’s best interest as to legal custody alone is less regimented.” Palculict v. Palculict, 22

So. 3d 293, 298 (¶20) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009). Adams failed to offer credible corroboration

that Rice was a threat to the child or could not provide care and support for the child. The

chancellor also determined that Adams harbored hostilitytowards Rice and Rice onlywanted

a viable relationship with his child. Thus we find no abuse of discretion in this case, and

these issues are without merit. 

2. Guardian ad Litem

¶12. Adams next argues that the chancellor committed reversible error because she did not

appoint a guardian ad litem. In support of her argument Adams cites Floyd, 949 So. 2d at

278 (¶8). Floyd, however, is not applicable to this case. In Floyd, the chancery court, acting

on its own motion, appointed a guardian ad litem after the child made allegations of abuse. 

The case at hand is not factually similar to Floyd.

¶13. There is nothing in the record indicating that either party asked that a guardian ad

litem be appointed or that the chancery court, acting on its own motion, appointed a guardian

ad litem. While Adams did accuse Rice of abusing her, she never accused Rice of abusing

their child, and the chancellor, therefore, was not obligated to appoint a guardian ad litem

under Mississippi Code Annotated section 43-21-121(1) (Rev. 2015). Adams cannot now

1 Albright v. Albright, 437 So. 2d 1003, 1005 (Miss. 1983).

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complain of matters she failed to raise at trial. A party is not allowed to raise an issue for the

first time on appeal. Luse v. Luse, 992 So. 2d 659, 663 (¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2008) (citations

omitted). Accordingly, this issue is procedurally barred.

3. Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA)

¶14. Adams argues that the chancery court erred in denying her motion to dismiss for

forum non conveniens. “A court of this state which has jurisdiction under this chapter to

make a child custody determination may decline to exercise its jurisdiction at any time if it

determines that it is an inconvenient forum under the circumstances and that a court of

another state is a more appropriate forum.” Miss. Code Ann. § 93-27-207(1) (Rev. 2013). 

Adams quotes sections of the UCCJEA but provides this Court with no explanation as to why

the chancellor should have declined jurisdiction. Likewise, Adams fails to cite any case

authority to support her argument. Adams merely concludes that one factor weighs in her

favor. 

¶15. We are well aware that the chancery court could have declined jurisdiction under

section 93-27-207, but that still does not explain why that would have been necessary in this

case. First, the record shows that this action began when Adams was still a resident of

Mississippi, and Adams was served at her home in Mississippi.2 Accordingly, under section

93-27-201(1)(a) of the Mississippi Code Annotated (Rev. 2013), the chancery court had

jurisdiction because Mississippi was the home state of the child on the date of the

2 We cannot determine how long Adams resided in Alabama before the trial on

September 4, 2014. Adams, however, did move to Alabama sometime after she was served

at her home in Columbus, Mississippi, on January 23, 2014.

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commencement of the proceedings. Secondly, the record shows that all of the witnesses,

including two of Adams’s witnesses, resided in the state of Mississippi. Additionally, all of

the issues that were raised in both parties’ claims occurred in Mississippi. Lastly, the motion

to dismiss for forum non conveniens was made on the day of trial, when both parties and

their witnesses were present and ready to proceed. The chancellor had personal jurisdiction

over the parties and did not err in exercising jurisdiction over this matter, because Mississippi

was the most convenient forum. This issue is without merit. 

¶16. THEJUDGMENTOFTHECHANCERYCOURTOFOKTIBBEHA COUNTY

IS AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE

APPELLANT. 

LEE, C.J., IRVINGANDGRIFFIS,P.JJ., ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON

AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR. BARNES, J., CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE

RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

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