## i 

# Notice and Disclaimer This document was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Technology Innovation Office under EPA Contract Number 68-W-99-003. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. For more information about this project, please contact: Carl Ma, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Innovation Office, Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. (MS 5102G), Washington, D.C., 20460; (703) 603-9903, e-mail: ma.carl@epa.gov. This document may be obtained from EPA’s web site at www.epa.gov/tio/, or atclu-in.org. A limited number of hard copies of this document are available free of charge by mail from EPA’s National Service Center for Environmental Publications, at the following address (please allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery):
U.S. EPA/National Service Center for Environmental Publications P.O. Box 42419 Cincinnati, OH 45242 Phone: (513) 489-8190 or (800) 490-9198 Fax: (513) 489-8695

## 1 

# Summary Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is an established technology that has been used for almost 20 years to treat a variety of wastes at Superfund remedial sites throughout the country. Historically, S/S has been one of the top five source control treatment technologies used at Superfund remedial sites. To provide interested stakeholders such as project managers, technology service providers, consulting engineers, site owners, and the general public with the most recent information about S/S applications at Superfund sites, as well as information about trends in use, specific types of applications, and cost, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performed a review and analysis of S/S applications and prepared this summary. Highlights of S/S use at Superfund remedial sites include:

• Trends in Use- S/S is one of the top five source control treatment technologies used at Superfund remedial sites, having been used at more than 160 sites since FY 1982. The frequency with which S/S was selected as a remedy increased during the late 1980s and early 1990s, reaching a peak in FY 1992, and then generally decreasing through FY 1998.

• Project Status- Many of the S/S projects (62 percent) have been completed, with an estimated 21 percent in the predesign/design stage. Overall, completed S/S projects represent 30 percent of all completed projects in which treatment technologies have been used for source control. In addition, the average operational time for S/S projects was 1.1 months, which is shorter than other technologies such as soil vapor extraction, land treatment, and composting.

• Types of Applications- A majority of S/S projects at Superfund remedial sites are ex situapplications where inorganic binders and additives were used to treat metal-containing waste. Organic binders were used for specialized waste such as radioactive wastes and those containing specific hazardous organic compounds. S/S was used to treat wastes containing only organics for a small number (6 percent) of the projects.

• Performance- Most performance testing for S/S waste products is conducted after curing is completed, and only limited data are available on long-term performance of S/S at Superfund remedial sites. Available performance data for metals for these projects showed that S/S met the established performance goals. Only limited data were available on organics; however, S/S met the established performance goals for several projects.

• Cost- Information about the cost of using S/S to treat wastes at Superfund remedial sites was available for 29 completed projects. The total cost ranged from $75,000 to $16 million. The average cost per cubic yard for these S/S projects was $264, including two projects with relatively high costs (approximately $1,200 per cubic yard each). Excluding those two projects, the average cost per cubic yard for S/S was $194. Sources of information about S/S used for this summary included Superfund Records of Decision (RODs), ROD amendments, and Explanations of Significant Differences (ESDs) issued by EPA through FY 1998; data and analyses contained in EPA’s Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup: Annual Status Report(ninth edition) (ASR); information being collected for the tenth edition of the ASR, expected to be published later this year; and EPA’s REmediation And CHaracterization Innovative Technologies (EPA REACH IT) system.



# What is Solidification/Stabilization The term “solidification/stabilization” refers to a general category of processes that are used to treat a wide variety of wastes, including solids and liquids. Solidification and stabilization are each distinct technologies, as described below (EPA, 1997, Portland Cement Association 1991): • Solidification- refers to processes that encapsulate a waste to form a solid material and to restrict contaminant migration by decreasing the surface area exposed to leaching and/or by coating the waste with low-permeability materials. Solidification can be accomplished by a chemical reaction between a waste and binding (solidifying) reagents or by mechanical processes. Solidification of fine waste particles is referred to as microencapsulation, while solidification of a large block or container of waste is referred to as macroencapsulation.

## • Stabilization- refers to processes that involve chemical reactions that reduce the leachability of a waste. Stabilization chemically immobilizes hazardous materials or reduces their solubility through a chemical reaction. The physical nature of the waste may or may not be changed by this process. For S/S applications at Superfund sites, the regulatory definition of stabilization under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) may be relevant to a project. Under the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) program (40 CFR part 268), stabilization is the required treatment standard for certain types of waste. In addition, stabilization may be used to render a RCRA hazardous waste (defined under 40 CFR part 260) non-hazardous prior to disposal. RCRA defines stabilization (40 CFR 268.42) as “[a process that] involves the use of the following reagents (or waste reagents): (1) Portland cement; or (2) lime/pozzolans (e.g., fly ash and cement kiln dust) - this does not preclude the addition of reagents (e.g., iron salts, silicates, and clays) designed to enhance the set/cure time and/or compressive strength, or to overall reduce the leachability of the metal or inorganic.” In addition, S/S processes can involve the use of very high temperatures (usually greater than 1,500 oF) to vitrify wastes, forming glass-like waste products. However, these S/S processes are not addressed in this summary.



# Use of S/S at Superfund Sites Recent information about the use of S/S at Superfund remedial sites indicates that S/S has been used at 167 sites since FY 1982. Exhibit 1 shows the number of projects by status for the following stages - predesign/design, design completed/being installed, operational, and completed. Data are shown for in situand ex situ S/S projects. In addition, information about all source control technologies is provided. With respect to S/S projects, the majority of both in situand ex situprojects (62 percent) are completed, followed by projects in the predesign/design stage (21 percent). Overall, completed S/S projects represent 30 percent of all completed Superfund projects in which treatment technologies have been used for source control. (Appendix A contains summary information, where available, for these S/S projects).

Exhibit 1: Percentage of Superfund Remedial Projects by Status

Project StatusPercentage of Projects

Data Source: ASR (9th Edition), FY’98 RODs Number of Projects: Source Control = 682, Ex Situ S/S = 139, In Situ S/S = 28



## 2

## 3 Data Source: ASR (9th Edition) FY’98 RODs Note: Does include 4 projects in which other treatment technologies were changed to S/S 

### Exhibit 5: Remedies Selected to Replace Solidification/Stabilization Total Number of Projects = 59 

### Exhibit 4: Selection Versus Implementation of Solidification/Stabilization Remedies

Fiscal YearNumber of Projects 

## Soil Vapor Extraction 28% Solidification/Stabilization 24% Incineration (off-site) 13% Bioremediation 11% Thermal Desorption 9% Exhibit 2: Top 5 Source Control Treatment Technologies Used at Superfund Remedial Sites

Note: Source control treatment RODs are defined as RODs selecting one or more treatment technologies to treat the source of the contamination 

### Exhibit 3: RODs Selecting Solidification/Stabilization Remedies vs. All Source Control RODs

Fiscal YearNumber of RODS 

# Remedy Selection Trends Exhibit 2 shows the top five source control treatment technologies used at Superfund remedial sites from FY 1982 through FY 1998. Cumulatively, S/S projects are the second most common type of source control treatment technology implemented at these sites, representing 24 percent of all source control treatment technology projects. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is the most common technology implemented, representing 28 percent of all source control treatment technology projects. Exhibit 3 shows the trend in selection of S/S as a remedy at Superfund remedial sites between FY 1982 and FY 1998 and compares the selection of S/S remedies with all other treatment technologies. The frequency with which S/S was selected as a remedy increased during the late 1980s and early 1990s, reaching a peak in FY 1992, and then generally decreasing through FY 1998. The trend in S/S remedy selection during this time frame is similar to that for all source control treatment technologies.



# Remedy Changes Exhibit 4 compares the number of RODs in which S/S was selected with the actual number of S/S projects implemented each year from FY 1982 through FY 1998. The differences between the number of RODs where S/S was selected as the remedy and the number of S/S projects implemented reflects changes in the remedies that occurred during the remedial process. Between FY 1982 and FY 1987 and between FY 1994 and FY 1998, the number of S/S remedies implemented is close to the number of S/S remedies selected in RODs. From FY 1988 through FY 1993, there is a larger gap between the number of S/S remedies selected and the number implemented. As shown in Exhibit 3, this time frame corresponds to the fiscal years in which S/S was most frequently selected as a remedy. Exhibit 5 shows the remedies that were selected to replace S/S. Off-site disposal was the most frequently selected (27 percent) remedy, followed by on-site containment (15 percent).

## Reasons cited by project managers for replacing S/S as a remedy are presented in Exhibit 6.



# Specific Types of S/S Applications Exhibit 7 shows a breakdown of the S/S projects by type of application which include ex situsolidification/ stabilization, in situsolidification/stabilization, ex situstabilization only, and in situstabilization only. A specific type of S/S application was identified for 88 percent of the projects. Solidification/stabilization (in situand ex situ) represents 63 percent of the S/S projects compared to 15 percent for stabilization only (in situand ex situ). Exhibit 8 shows the types of binder materials used for S/S projects at Superfund remedial sites, including inorganic binders, organic binders, and combination organic and inorganic binders. Many of the binders used include one or more proprietary additives. Examples of inorganic binders include cement, fly ash, lime, soluble silicates, and sulfur-based binders, while organic binders include asphalt, epoxide, polyesters, and polyethylene. More than 90 percent of the S/S projects used inorganic binders. In general, inorganic binders are less expensive and easier to use than organic binders. Organic binders are generally used to solidify radioactive wastes or specific hazardous organic compounds.

* Includes 3in situ projects Data Source: EPA and State Project Managers Note: Number of projects for each type is shown in parenthese. TBD = to be determined 

### Exhibit 7: Solidification/Stabilization Projects by Type Total Number of Projects = 167 

### Exhibit 8: Binder Materials Used for Solidification/Stabilization Projects

Data Source: EPA and State Project Managers Note: Inorganic binders consist of cement, fly ash, lime, soluble silicates, or sulfur. Organic binders consist of asphalt, organophilic clay, or activated carbon. 

### Total Number of Projects = 59



## 4 (1) The estimated volume of contaminated material had decreased such that S/S was no longer cost effective (2) S/S could not meet the required treatment standards for the waste at the site (3) The cost of S/S was too high (4) S/S had originally been selected to treat residuals from other treatment technologies at the site. When little or no residuals were generated, S/S was no longer necessary (5) The community expressed concerns about on-site treatment of wastes (6) There were problems implementing S/S (7) S/S could not significantly reduce the mobility of a specific waste Exhibit 6: Reasons Cited by Project Managers for Replacing S/S as the RemedyData Source: EPA and State Project Managers Note: Metals are defined as heavy metals. Data indicates how many projects are addressing each type of contaminant group and are not necessarily indicative of how well the technology has treated each type of group 

### Exhibit 10: Contaminant Types Treated by S/S Total Number of Projects = 163Number of Projects

### Exhibit 11: Number of S/S Projects Treating Specific Metals

Type of Metal Contaminant Exhibit 9: Binders and Reagents Used for S/S Projects

Binder or Reagent Number of Projects* Cement 47 Proprietary reagents 22 Phosphate 14 pH controls 12 Fly ash 10 Lime 10 Sulfur 4 Asphalt 1 Other organics used include granular activated carbon and organophilic clay. * A project may use more than one binder or reagent



## 5 Exhibit 9 summarizes the specific types of binders and reagents used in S/S projects at Superfund remedial sites. Cement is the most common binder (47 projects), followed by proprietary additives (22 projects), and phosphate (14 projects). Exhibit 10 shows the types of contaminant groups and combination of contaminant groups treated by S/S at Superfund remedial sites. S/S was used to treat metals only in 56 percent of the projects, and used to treat metals alone or in combination with organics or radioactive metals at approximately 90 percent of the sites. S/S was used to treat organics only at 6 percent of the sites. Exhibit 11 provides a further breakdown of the metals treated by S/S at Superfund remedial sites. The top five metals treated by S/S are lead, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and copper.

Exhibit 12 shows the types of sites treated by S/S projects. Waste management/disposal areas, organic chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and metal ore mining, smelting and recycling facilities were the most common site types addressed by S/S.



# Time of Operation Data on completed S/S projects were analyzed to determine the average operational time for S/S projects compared to other technologies. For this analysis, operational time was defined as the period from when operations began (following design and installation) to the time the project was determined to have been completed by the project manager. Assuming treatment of 1,000 cubic yards of waste, the average operational time for S/S projects was 1.1 months. For the same volume of waste, the average operational time was

## approximately 0.75 months for thermal desorption, 1 month for incineration (on site), 2.5 months for soil vapor extraction, 3 months for land treatment, 3.8 months for composting, and 5.8 months for soil washing.



# Post Cure Testing and Performancee The performance of S/S at Superfund remedial sites often is measured after the solidified material has cured. As shown in Exhibit 13, post cure testing was performed for 67 percent of the S/S projects. Exhibit 14 lists the types of post cure tests used for S/S projects, which include; (1) physical tests - to provide information about the physical characteristics of the treated waste, such as its moisture content or strength; and (2) chemical tests - to measure the potential of a stabilized waste to release contaminants to the environment; to define the composition of the waste and assess the performance of the binder. The most common post cure tests used were the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. Available performance data for treatment of metals by S/S from completed projects indicated that concentrations of metals before treatment typically ranged from 50 mg/kg to 70,000 mg/kg, with concentrations as high as 424,000 mg/kg for lead and 170,000 mg/kg for cadmium. In general, post-treatment concentrations of metals met the RCRA TCLP standards. Performance data for completed S/S projects where organics had been treated were limited. Typical organics treated by S/S at Superfund sites included trichloroethene, benzene, methylene chloride, pentachlorophenol,Number of Projects 

### Exhibit 12: Superfund Remedial Actions: Site Types for Solidification/Stabilization

Exhibit 13: Percentage of Completed S/S Projects Conducting Post Cure Testing Total Number of Projects = 102 

### Site Type



## 6

## 7 * A project may use more than one type of test. ANSI 16.1 is the American Nuclear Society test 16.1 which is a leaching test. ** Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure. 

### Total Number of Projects = 66Number of Projects



### Type of Test Exhibit 14: Type of Post Cure Testing Used for S/S Projects

Exhibit 15:

## S/S Performance at American Creosote, TN

Contaminant Cleanup Goal* Result Pentachlorophenol <200 μg/l Passed Benzo(a)pyrene <10 μg/l Passed Dibenz(a,h) anthracene <4.4 μg/l Passed Dioxin <30 ppq** Passed * Results reported as concentration of SPLP extract **ppq = parts per quintillion 

## polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides (dieldrin, endrin, isodrin, and aldrin), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of contaminants before treatment typcially ranged from about 100 mg/kg to 1,100 mg/kg (PCBs). While only limited post-treatment performance data were available for organic wastes, the data indicated that S/S met the established performance goals for several projects. For example, at the American Creosote, a wood preserving site in Tennessee, soils were contaminated with wood preserving compounds such as pentachlorophenol, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h) anthracene, and dioxin. As shown in Exhibit 15, S/S met the cleanup goals for each of these constituents. Limited data are available on long-term performance of S/S at Superfund sites. The long-term environment and conditions to which the solidified waste is exposed can affect the stability of the treated waste. For example, studies (Klich et al ) have shown that cement-based stabilized wastes are vulnerable to the same physical and chemical degradation processes as concrete and other cement-based materials (that is, have the potential to disintegrate over a period of 50 to 100 years).



# Cost Data Information about the cost of using S/S to treat wastes at Superfund remedial sites was available for 29 completed projects. Total costs for S/S projects ranged from $75,000 to $16 million including the cost of excavation (if ex situ), treatment, and disposal (if ex situ). The cost per cubic yard treated ranged from $8 to approximately $1,200 per cubic yard. The average cost per cubic yard for these projects was $264, including two projects with relatively high costs (approximately $1,200 per cubic yard). Excluding those two projects, the average cost per cubic yard was $194.

## 8 Exhibit 16: Long Term Management Options for S/S ProjectsNumber of Projects



### Long Term Management Option*
* A project may implement more than one option.; on-site disposal is for wastes

fromex situ processes. 

# Disposal/Long Term Management Options The waste forms produced by ex situS/S processes are either disposed of off-site or disposed of on-site (with or without capping). The waste products of in situ S/S processes are left in place at the site (i.e., disposed of on-site) with or without capping. For completed S/S projects at Superfund remedial sites, on-site disposal of waste forms produced by ex situprocesses and capping were used for the majority of projects, as shown in Exhibit 16.



# Additional Information The following sources provide additional information about S/S processes in general and their use at Superfund sites: EPA’s Solidification/Stabilization Resource Guide(EPA/ 542- B-99-002) contains summaries of information from 125 references, including technical, guidance and policy documents, and provides an easy-to-use matrix that cross-references resources by technology type, medium, and contaminant to help readers easily locate resources that meet their specific needs. EPA’s Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup: Annual Status Report (ninth edition)includes information about Superfund remedial action sites at which S/S projects are being or have been implemented. EPA’s REACH IT system, <www.epareachit.org>, provides detailed data, in a searchable system, about specific applications of S/S at Superfund sites, as well as a wide range of information about technologies, technology vendors, and other technology applications. EPA’s Updating Remedy Decisions at Select Superfund Sites Summary Report, FY 1996 and FY 1997 contains additional information about remedy changes that affected S/S projects. The Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable (FRTR) site includes case studies of S/S applications, available at <www.frtr.gov/cost>.



# References
EPA. 1999. Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup: Annual Status Report (ninth edition)(EPA-542-R99-001). April. EPA. 1997. Innovative Site Remediation Technology, Solidification/Stabilization. Design & Application, Volume 4. (EPA 542-B-97-007) Klich, I., B. Batchelor, L.P. Wilding, L.R. Press. 1999. Mineralogical alterations that affect the durability and metals containment of aged solidified and stabilized wastes. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 29. Means, Jeffery et al. 1995. The Application of Solidification/Stabilization to Waste Materials.Lewis Publishers. Portland Cement Association. 1991. Solidification and Stabilization of Waste Using Portland Cement

. Wiles, C.C. 1987. A Review of Solidification/Stabilization Technology.Journal of Hazardous Materials, 14:5-21.

### Site Name State Contaminants Project Status Project Manager Region ROD Year 1 W.R. Grace (Acton Plant) And Co., Inc. MA 1989 Arsenic Completed Dave Lederer 617-573-9665 1 PSC Resources MA 1992 Trichloroethylene (TCE) Completed Don Mcelroy Methylene chloride 617-223-5571 Acetone Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Benzene Trans 1,2-Dichloroethylene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Arsenic Lead Zinc Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) 1,1-Dichloroethane Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
2 Chemical Control NJ 1987 Pesticides Completed Nigel Robinson Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 212-637-4394 Arsenic 2 NL Industries, Inc. NJ 1991 Lead Completed Joseph Gowers Cadmium 212-637-4413 2 Waldick Aerospace Devices, Inc. NJ 1991 Chromium Completed Daniel Weissman Cadmium212-637-4384 2 Asbestos Dump - New Vernon Road NJ 1991 Asbestos Completed Maryanne Rosa and White Bridge Road Cleanup 212-637-4407 2 Nascolite Corp. - OU 2 NJ 1991 Lead Designed/ Farnaz Saghafi Not Installed 212-637-4408 2 American Cyanamid Co. - Group I NJ 1993 T oluene Operational James Haklar Impoundments (11, 13, 19, And 24) Ethylbenzene 212-637-4414 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Zinc Lead Acetone Chromium Xylene Copper Nickel Naphthalene Chlorobenzene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Benzo(a)anthracene 2 NL Industries, Inc. - OU 1 NJ 1994 Cadmium Design Joseph Gowers Lead 212-637-4413 

# Appendix A List of Superfund Remedial Sites Using Solidification/Stabilization

continued on next page 

## A-1

### Site Name State Contaminants Project Status Project Manager



### continued on next page Appendix A (continued) Region ROD Year 2 Caldwell Trucking - Amendment NJ 1995 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Completed Richard Robinson Lead 212-637-4371 Cadmium Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Chloroform Trichloroethylene (TCE) 2 American Cyanamid Co. - Group II NJ 1996 Naphthalene Predesign James Haklar Impoundments (15, 16, 17, And 18) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 212-637-4414 Toluene Zinc 2-Methylnaphthalene Nickel Benzo(a)anthracene Copper Nitrosodiphenylamine Acetone Ethylbenzene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Chromium Xylene Lead Anthracene Chlorobenzene Benzene 2 Cosden Chemical Coatings NJ 1998 Beryllium Predesign Edward Finnerty Lead 212-637-4367 Chromium 2 Marathon Battery Corp. - Areas I, II, And III NY 1986 Cobalt Completed Pam Tames Nickel 212-637-4255 Cadmium
2 York Oil Co. - OU 1 NY 1988 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Operational Joel Singerman Lead 212-637-4258 Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) Cis-1,2-dichloroethene 2 Facet Enterprises NY 1992 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Isabel Rodrigues Cadmium 212-637-4248 2 Preferred Plating Corp. - OU 2 NY 1992 Cadmium Completed Janet Cappelli Chromium 212-637-4270 2 FMC Corp. (Dublin Road) NY 1993 Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Completed Kevin Lynch (DDD) 212-637-4287 Zinc Mercury Lead Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) Copper Arsenic Alpha BHC
2 York Oil Co. - OU 02 NY 1998 Lead Designed/ Joel Singerman Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Not Installed 212-637-4258



## A-2

### Site Name State Contaminants Project Status Project Manager



### continued on next page Appendix A (continued)

Region ROD Year 3 Bruin Lagoon PA 1982 Lead Completed Bhupendra Khona Sulfuric Acid 215-814-3213 Sulfur Hydrogen Sulfide 3 Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard PA 1989 Lead Completed Frederick N. Macmillan Chromium 215-814-3201 3 Douglassville Disposal PA 1989 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Design Victor J. Janosik Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 215-814-3217 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Chromium Lead 3 Craig Farm Drum PA 1989 Benzene Completed Garth Connor Resorcinol 215-814-3209 Phenol 3 Letterkenny Army Depot (SE Area) - PA 1991 Lead Completed Stacie Driscoll Former Solvent Disposal Lagoon/Earthen 215-566-3368 3 Whitmoyer Laboratories - OU 2 PA 1991 Arsenic Completed Christopher J. Corbett (Bldg Structures) Tar 215-814-3220
3 Eastern Diversified Metals PA 1991 Lead Predesign Steven J. Donohue 215-566-3215 3 Whitmoyer Laboratories - OU 3 PA 1991 Arsenic Design Christopher J. Corbett 215-814-3220 3 Paoli Rail Yard PA 1992 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Design Frances Costanzi 215-566-3196 3 Tonolli Corp. PA 1992 Lead Being Installed Steven J. Donohue Cadmium 215-566-3215 Arsenic 3 C&D Recycling PA 1992 Copper Completed Joseph Mcdowell Lead 215-566-3192
3 Hunterstown Road PA 1993 Trichloroethylene (TCE) Design John Banks Chromium 215-814-3214 Lead 3 Jacks Creek/Sitkin Smelting And Refining PA 1997 Lead Design Garth Connor 215-814-3209 3 Whitmoyer Laboratories - OU 04 and OU 5 PA 1998 Arsenic Completed Christopher J. Corbett 215-814-3220 3 M.W. Manufacturing PA 1998 Lead Design Bhupendra Khona 215-814-3213 3 C&R Battery Co., Inc. VA 1990 Lead Completed Ronnie M. Davis 215-814-3230 3 First Piedmont Rock Quarry (Route 719) VA 1991 Lead Operational David Iacono Arsenic 215-814-3231 Cadmium 3 Rhinehart Tire Fire Dump VA 1992 Zinc Completed Russell H. Fish 215-566-3226 3 Abex Corporation OU 1 - Inner Focus Area VA 1992 Lead Operational David Iacono 215-814-3231 3 Ordnance Works Disposal Areas WV 1989 Arsenic Predesign Melissa Whittington Lead 215-566-3235



## A-3

### Site Name State Contaminants Project Status Project Manager



### continued on next page Appendix A (continued) Region ROD Year 4 Mowbray Engineering AL 1986 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Humberto Guzman 404-562-8942
4 Interstate Lead Co. AL 1991 Lead Designed/ Astrid Aponte Not Installed 404-562-8932 4 Alabama Army Ammunition Plant, Area B, AL 1992 Lead Operational Dann Spariosu Study Areas 5, 10, 16, 19, OU 6 404-562-8552 4 Alabama Army Ammunition Plant, OU 5 AL 1997 Lead Completed Dann Spariosu 404-562-8552
4 Davie Landfill FL 1985 Lead Completed Bill Denman Chromium 404-562-8939 Cadmium Mercury Arsenic 4 Pepper Steel & Alloys, Inc. FL 1986 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed John Zimmerman Heavy metals 404-562-8936 4 Sapp Battery Salvage FL 1986 Cadmium Operational David Lloyd Antimony 404-562-8917 Lead 4 Kassauf-Kimerling Battery Disposal - FL 1989 Chromium Completed Maxwell Kimpson OU 1 (Landfill Wastes) Battery casings 404-562-8941 Lead 4 Kassauf-Kimerling Battery - Wetlands Soils FL 1990 Lead Completed Maxwell Kimpson Battery casings 404-562-8941
4 Zellwood Soil Contamination - OU 1 FL 1990 Chlordane Completed Julie Santiago (Amendment) 404-562-8948 4 Yellow Water Road Dump FL 1990 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed David Lloyd 404-562-8917 4 Schuylkill Metal FL 1990 Chromium Completed Galo Jackson Antimony 404-562-8937 Cadmium Lead 4 62nd Street Dump FL 1990 Cadmium Completed Maxwell Kimpson Chromium404-562-8941 Lead
4 Zellwood Soil Contamination - OU 1 FL 1990 Lead Completed Julie Santiago (Amendment) Chromium 404-562-8948 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 4 Yellow Water Road Dump FL 1990 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed David Lloyd 404-562-8917 4 Cabot/Koppers - Koppers OU FL 1990 Chromium Predesign John Blanchard Arsenic 404-562-8934 4 Agrico Chemical FL 1992 Arsenic Completed Ken Lucas Lead 404-562-8953 Fluoride
4 Whitehouse Oil Pits - Amendment FL 1992 Lead Design Randa Chichakli Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 404-562-8907 Cadmium Antimony Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)



## A-4

### Site Name State Contaminants Project Status Project Manager



### continued on next page Appendix A (continued)

Region ROD Year 4 Peak Oil/Bay Drum - OU 3 FL 1993 Chromium Design Randall Chaffins Lead 404-562-8929 Zinc 4 Peak Oil/Bay Drum - OU 1 FL 1993 Lead Design Randall Chaffins Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 404-562-8929
4 Jacksonville Naval Air Station - FL 1994 Nickel Completed Martha Berry OU 2 PSCs 2, 41, and 43 Chromium 404-562-8533 Cadmium Arsenic Lead 4 Florida Steel Corp. - OU 2 FL 1994 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Bill Denman Lead 404-562-8939
4 Jacksonville Naval Air Station - FL 1995 Cadmium Completed Martha Berry OU 2 PSC 42 Nickel 404-562-8533 Lead Chromium Silver 4 Stauffer Chemical Co. (Tarpon Springs) FL 1998 Antimony Predesign John Blanchard - OU 01 Carcinogenic PAHs 404-562-8934 Phosphorus Thallium Radium-226 Beryllium Arsenic 4 Robins Air Force Base - Sludge Lagoon GA 1991 Lead Completed Elizabeth Wilde Cadmium 404-562-8528 Bill Downs 912-926-1197
4 Hercules 009 Landfill GA 1993 Toxaphene Completed Annie Godfrey 404-562-8919 4 Cedartown Industries, Inc. GA 1993 Lead Completed Annie Godfrey 404-562-8919 4 Maxey Flats Nuclear Disposal KY 1991 Xylene Being Installed Antonio Deangelo Radioactive metals 404-562-8826 Tritium Benzene Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Ethylbenzene Toluene
4 Flowood Site MS 1988 Lead Completed John Mcqueen 404-562-8913 4 Celanese - OU 2 NC 1989 Ethylene glycol Completed Ken Mallary 404-562-8802 4 Carolina Transformer Co. NC 1991 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Designed/ Luis Flores Not Installed 404-562-8807
4 JFD Electronics/Channel Master NC 1992 Chromium Design Ken Mallary Nickel 404-562-8802 Antimony 4 Bypass 601 Groundwater Contamination - NC 1993 Lead Completed David Mattison Amendment 919-733-2801 Giezelle Bennett 404-562-8824


## A-5

### Site Name State Contaminants Project Status Project Manager



### continued on next page Appendix A (continued) Region ROD Year 4 North Carolina State University - NC 1996 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Design Michael Townsend Lot 86, Farm Unit #1 Heavy metals 404-562-8813 Solvents Radioactive metals 4 Palmetto Wood Preserving SC 1987 Chromium Completed AlCherry Arsenic 404-562-8828 4 Independent Nail Co. SC 1987 Chromium Completed T erry Tanner Cyanide 404-562-8797 Cadmium Zinc Nickel 4 Golden Strip Septic Tank Service SC 1991 Cadmium Completed Craig Zeller 404-562-8827 4 Geiger (C&M Oil) - Amendment SC 1993 Lead Completed Sheri Panabaker Chromium 404-562-8810 Toluene 4 Savannah River (Usdoe) - Old F-Area SC 1997 Mercury Design Tania Smith Seepage Basin, Srs Building Number Cesium-137803-725-8131 904-49g Uranium 4 Savannah River (Usdoe) - L-Area Oil And SC 1997 Chromium Being Installed Les Germany Chemical Basin And L-Area Acid/ Radioactive metals803-725-8033 Caustic Basin Tritium
4 Shuron Inc - OU 01 SC 1998 Lead Predesign Ralph O. Howard Jr. 404-562-8829 4 Oak Ridge Reservation (USDOE) - OU 3, TN 1991 Radioactive metals Completed EdCarreras Pond Waste Management Project 404-562-8509 4 Oak Ridge Reservation (USDOE) - OU 40, TN 1996 Strontium Completed EdCarreras Burial Complex 4 404-562-8509 4 Oak Ridge Reservation (USDOE) - OU 14, TN 1997 Cesium-137 Designed/ EdCarreras Surface Impoundments Plutonium Not Installed 404-562-8509 Radioactive metals Strontium
5 Velsicol Chemical IL 1988 Phenol Completed Eric Runkel Benzene 217-782-0451 5 Sangamo Electric Dump/Crab Orchard IL 1990 Lead Completed Nanjunda Gowda National Wildlife Refuge - PCB Areas OU Cadmium 312-353-9236 5 Sangamo Electric Dump/Crab Orchard IL 1990 Cadmium Completed Nanjunda Gowda National Wildlife Refuge - Metals Areas OU Chromium 312-353-9236 Lead 5 Acme Solvent Reclaiming, Inc. IL 1991 Lead Completed David Linnear 312-886-1841 5 Acme Solvent Reclaiming, Inc. IL 1991 Chromium Completed David Linnear Arsenic 312-886-1841
5 Midco I IN 1989 Chromium Predesign Richard Boice Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 312-886-4740 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Nickel Lead Copper Cyanide


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### continued on next page Appendix A (continued)

Region ROD Year
5 Midco II IN 1989 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Predesign Richard Boice Pentachlorophenol (PCP)312-886-4740 Nickel Lead Chromium 5 Continental Steel Corp. - OU 02 IN 1998 Lead Predesign Jon Peterson Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 312-353-1264 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Cadmium Chromium
5 Forest Waste Products MI 1986 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Anthony Rutter Lead 312-886-8961 Elizabeth Reiner 312-353-6576 5 Liquid Disposal, Inc. MI 1987 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Leah Evison Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 312-886-4696 Lead Cadmium Barium
5 Auto Ion Chemicals MI 1989 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Completed Michael Mcateer 1,1-Dichloroethane312-886-4663 Vinyl chloride Trichloroethylene (TCE) Lead Nickel Chromium Silver Cadmium Mercury Barium Arsenic Copper Cyanide 5 Springfield Township Dump-90ROD MI 1990 Arsenic Design Tim Penderville Lead312-886-5122 5 Carter Industrials, Inc. MI 1991 Lead Completed Jon Peterson 312-353-1264 5 Peerless Plating MI 1992 Lead Completed Michael Ribordy Cadmium 312-886-4592 Nickel 5 Organic Chemicals, Inc. - OU 2 MI 1997 Chromium Predesign Thomas Williams Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 312-886-6157 Lead Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Dieldrin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) Benzo(a)anthracene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Beryllium Benzo(b)fluoranthene 5 Springfield Township Dump - OU 01 MI 1998 Lead Predesign Tim Penderville Barium 312-886-5122 Arsenic


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### continued on next page Appendix A (continued) Region ROD Year
5 St. Louis River/Intertake/Duluth Tar Site - MN 1990 Coal tar Completed Jon Peterson Wire Mill Pond And OU J 312-353-1264 Brenda Winkler 651-296-7813 5 Waite Park Wells - OUs 1, 2, & 3 MN 1994 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Operational Brenda Winkler Lead 651-296-7813 5 Macgillis And Gibbs/Bell Lumber And Pole MN 1994 Arsenic Completed Darryl Owens -OU 3 Chromium 312-886-7089 5 New Brighton/Arden Hills/TCAAP MN 1997 Cadmium Operational Thomas Barounis (USArmy) - OU 07 Antimony312-353-5577 Trichloroethene Lead Copper Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 5 Ormet Corporation OH 1994 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Anthony Rutter 312-886-8961 5 Fernald Environmental Management OH 1996 Uranium Completed James Saric Project, Formerly The Feed Materials Lead 312-886-0992 Production Center, OU 5 Arsenic 5 United Scrap Lead Company OH 1997 Lead Completed John OGrady 312-886-1477 5 Northern Engraving Corporation - WI 1987 Copper Completed Robert Whippo Sludge Lagoon Zinc 312-886-4759 Nickel Fluoride 5 Oconomowoc Electroplating WI 1990 Lead Completed Thomas Williams Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 312-886-6157 Chromium
5 N.W. Mauthe Site WI 1994 Chromium Completed Jon Peterson Copper 312-353-1264 Silver Zinc Cadmium 6 Gurley Pit AR 1987 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Ernest R. Franke Lead 214-665-8521 Zinc Barium 6 Mid-South Wood Products AR 1987 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Completed Shawn Ghose Copper 214-665-6782 Arsenic Glenn Celerier Copper chromated arsenic (CCA) 214-665-8523 Chromium Creosote 6 Industrial Waste Control AR 1988 Xylene Completed Shawn Ghose Lead 214-665-6782 Toluene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methylene Chloride Ethylbenzene Chromium



## A-8

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### continued on next page Appendix A (continued)

Region ROD Year 6 Rogers Road Municipal Landfill AR 1990 Dioxin Completed Kathleen Aisling Dieldrin 214-665-8509 Lead Herbicides 6 Jacksonville Municipal Landfill AR 1990 Herbicides Completed Kathleen Aisling Lead 214-665-8509 Dioxin
6 South 8th Street Landfill - OU 1 AR 1998 Lead Being Installed Phillip Allen Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 214-665-8516
6 Cleve Reber LA 1987 Barium Completed Bart Canellas Cadmium 214-665-6662 Lead Organics Nickel Arsenic Chromium Mercury
6 Gulf Coast Vacuum Services - OU 1 LA 1992 Benzene Operational Kathleen Aisling Barium214-665-8509 Arsenic Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 6 Pab Oil & Chemical Services, Inc. LA 1993 Arsenic Completed Caroline Ziegler Barium 214-665-2178 6 Cimarron Mining Corp. NM 1991 Lead Completed T etra Sanchez 214-665-6686
6 Cal West Metals NM 1992 Lead Completed T etra Sanchez 214-665-6686 6 Sand Springs Petrochemical Complex OK 1987 Trichloroethylene (TCE) Completed Shawn Ghose 1,1-Dichloroethylene (DCE)214-665-6782 Mineral acids Petroleum hydrocarbons 6 Fourth Street Abandoned Refinery OK 1992 Lead Completed Carlos Sanchez Sulfuric acid 214-665-8507 6 Oklahoma Refining Co. OK 1992 Cadmium Operational Earl Hendrick Chromium 214-665-8519 Lead Kelly Dixon Arsenic 405-702-5141 6 Double Eagle Refinery Co. OK 1992 Lead Completed Phillip Allen Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)214-665-8516 Acids 6 Bio-Ecology Systems, Inc. TX 1984 Cyanide Completed Olivia Balandran Trichloroethylene (TCE) 214-665-6584 Toluene Ernest R. Franke Naphthalene 214-665-8521 Arsenic Benzene Lead Methylene chloride
6 French Limited TX 1988 Arsenic Completed Ernest R. Franke 214-665-8521



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### continued on next page Appendix A (continued) Region ROD Year
6 Pesses Chemical Co. TX 1989 Cadmium Completed Earl Hendrick Nickel 214-665-8519 7 Vogel Paint & Wax IA 1989 Chromium Completed Bob Drustrup Lead 515-281-8900 Jim Colbert 913-551-7489 7 Mid-America Tanning IA 1991 Chromium Being Installed Bob Stewart 913-551-7654 7 Shaw Avenue Dump IA 1991 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Completed Paul Roemerman Arsenic913-551-7694

7 EI Dupont De Nemours & Co. Inc. IA 1991 Cadmium Completed Nancy Swyers Selenium 913-551-7703 Lead Chromium 7 Iowa Army Ammunition Plant - OU 01 IA 1998 Lead Operational Sharon Lehn 402-221-7768 7 Weldon Spring Quarry/Plant/Pits (USDOE) MO 1993 Radium-226 Being Installed Steve Mccracken Thorium 314-441-8978 Uranium Glenford A. Newtown Heavy metals Jr. 314-441-8978 7 Former Weldon Spring Ordnance Works - MO 1996 Lead Designed/ Tom Lorenz OU 1, Soils And Pipeline Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Not Installed 913-551-7292 7 Oronogo - Duenweg Mining Bell Site - MO 1996 Lead Predesign Mark Doolan OU 2 And 3 913-551-7169 7 Hastings Groundwater Contamination - NE 1990 Cadmium Completed Ronald King Hastings East Industrial Park Surface Lead 913-551-7568 Soils, Former Naval Ammunition Depot 8 Lockheed/Martin (Denver Aerospace) CO 1990 Chromium Design George Dancik Arsenic 303-312-6206 Lead
8 Denver Radium Site - OU 8 CO 1992 Arsenic Completed Rebecca Thomas Selenium 303-312-6552 Radium-226 Lead Uranium Thorium
8 Broderick Wood Products - OU 1 CO 1992 Cadmium Completed Armando Saenz (Impoundment Sludges) Arsenic 303-312-6559 Lead Steve Laudemann 303-692-3462 8 Rocky Flats Plant (USDOE) - OU 4, CO 1992 Plutonium Completed William Fraser Industrial Areas 303-312-6257 Steve Gunderson 303-692-3367



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### continued on next page Appendix A (continued)

Region ROD Year 8 Rocky Mountain Arsenal - Onpost OU, CO 1996 Arsenic Kerry Guy Former Basin F Dieldrin 303-312-7288 Isodrin Endrin Chloroacetic acid DCPD Aldrin 8 Rocky Mountain Arsenal - Onpost OU, CO 1996 Arsenic Design Kerry Guy Buried M-1 Pits Mercury 303-312-7288 Aldrin Cadmium Isodrin Dieldrin
8 Anaconda Co. Smelter - Flue Dust MT 1991 Cadmium Completed Charles Coleman Arsenic 406-441-1150 Lead 8 Portland Cement (Kiln Dust #2 & #3) - UT 1992 Chromium Completed Jim Christiansen OU 2, Chromium Bearing Bricks And 303-312-6748 Contaminated Soils Bob OBrien 801-536-4166 9 Apache Powder Co. AZ 1994 Lead Predesign Andria Benner Perchlorate 415-744-2361 9 Tucson International Airport Area - AZ 1998 Chromium Operational Sean Hogan Site 4, 5, 6 Cadmium415-744-2334 9 Selma Pressure Treating CA 1988 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Operational Michelle Lau Dioxin 415-744-2227 Copper Chromium Arsenic
9 Rhone-Poulenc/Zoecon CA 1992 Arsenic Completed Rose Marie Caraway Selenium 415-744-2231 Lead Cadmium 9 Sacramento Army Depot CA 1993 Lead Completed Xaun-Mai Tran Arsenic 415-744-2386 Cadmium 9 Mather Air Force Base - OU 04 (86&87) CA 1998 Lead Completed Kathleen Salyer 415-744-2214
9 J.H. Baxter CA 1998 Arsenic Designed/ Travis Cain Not Installed 415-744-2341 Beatriz Bofill 415-744-2235 10 Arctic Surplus AK 1995 Lead Predesign Neil Thompson Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 206-553-7177 10 Standard Steel And Metal Salvage Yard, AK 1996 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Christopher Cora (USDOT) Lead 206-553-1148 10 Pacific Hide & Fur Recycling ID 1988 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Neil Thompson Lead 206-553-7177



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### continued on next page Appendix A (continued) Region ROD Year 10 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory - ID 1995 Cesium Completed Keith A. Rose Power Burst Facility, OU 13 Chromium 206-553-7721 Allan Jines 208-526-7524 10 Gould, Inc. OR 1988 Lead Completed Chip Humphrey 503-326-2678 10 Teledyne Wah Chang OR 1990 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Completed Kevin Rochlin Radium sludge 206-553-2106 Thorium Uranium Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Heavy metals

10 Umatilla Chemical Depot (Lagoons) - OU 1 OR 1993 Lead Completed Harry D. Craig 503-326-3689 10 Umatilla Chemical Depot (Lagoons) - OU 4 OR 1994 Lead Completed Harry D. Craig 503-326-3689 10 Umatilla Chemical Depot (Lagoons) - OU 6 OR 1994 Lead Operational Harry D. Craig Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine 503-326-3689 (HMX) Cadmium Barium 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) RDX Trinitrobenzene (TNB) 10 Commencement Bay, Nearshore/Tideflats WA 1988 Cadmium Completed Lee Marshall - OU 3, Tacoma Tar Pits Arsenic 206-553-2723 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Acids Copper Lead Zinc Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 10 Pacific Car And Foundry WA 1992 Diesel fuel Completed David South Chromium 415-649-7200 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Lynda Priddy Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) 206-553-1987 Lead Bob Butler Arsenic 425-468-7435 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 10 Commencement Bay, South Tacoma Field WA 1994 Lead Completed Cami Grandinetti Copper 206-553-8696 Arsenic 10 Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor - West Harbor OU WA 1996 Mercury Completed Ellen Hale (Amendment) Antimony206-553-1215 Arsenic Copper Lead Zinc



## A-12