# Patent

## Title
Touch panel system and electronic device

## Abstract

A touch sensor panel disclosed herein includes: a plurality of vertical electrodes (6); and a plurality of horizontal electrodes (7), the plurality of vertical electrodes (6) and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (7) (i) being so disposed that, as viewed in the direction perpendicular to a substrate, the plurality of vertical electrodes (6) include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes (7) and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a touch panel system and an electronic device including the touch panel system. Particularly, the present invention relates to a touch panel system and an electronic device each of which (i) includes: a plurality of vertical electrodes provided on a vertical electrode surface and arranged at predetermined intervals in a horizontal direction; a plurality of horizontal electrodes provided on a horizontal electrode surface, which is parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and arranged at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction; and an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface to insulate the vertical electrodes from the horizontal electrodes and (ii) is capable of reliably and effectively removing (canceling) a noise generated by a display device, etc.
BACKGROUND ART
Recently, introduction of touch panel systems to various kinds of electronic devices has been growing rapidly. For example, the touch panel systems are introduced to portable information devices such as smartphones and automatic vending machines such as automatic ticket machines.
The touch panel system is typically configured to include (i) a display device and (ii) a touch panel stacked on an upper side (front surface) of the display device. Therefore, a sensor provided on the touch panel is likely to be affected not only by a noise such as a clock generated in the display device but also by other noises coming from the outside. Such the noises lead to impairment in detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
Patent Literature 1 describes a touch panel system (coordinates input device) including a countermeasure against such noises. The touch panel system of Patent Literature 1 includes a noise processing section for removing a noise. FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a noise processing section 100 included in the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1. As shown in FIG. 19, the noise processing section 100 includes a filter section 101, a logical inversion section 102, and an adding section 103. The filter section 101 receives an output signal (analog signal) from a sensor provided in a touch panel (not illustrated). The filter section 101 extracts, as a noise signal, an AC signal component included in the input signal. The logical inversion section 102 inverts by 180° the phase of the noise signal thus extracted. The adding section 103 adds, to the input signal which is supplied to the filter section 101 and which includes the noise signal, the noise signal whose phase has been inverted by 180°.
Thus, according to the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1, the noise signal extracted by the filter section 101 is inverted, and the signal thus inverted is added to the input signal (analog signal) supplied from the sensor. Namely, to the noise component included in the input signal supplied from the sensor, such a signal is added which has the same level as the noise component and whose phase has been inverted. This cancels the noise superimposed on the input signal supplied from the sensor. This makes it possible to reduce effects given by the noise included in the input signal supplied from the sensor.
On the other hand, the description below deals with an arrangement of vertical electrodes and horizontal electrodes in a conventional capacitive touch sensor panel. FIG. 55 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes 91 and horizontal electrodes 92 in a conventional capacitive touch sensor panel. FIG. 55 corresponds to FIG. 3 of Patent Literature 2.
This conventional capacitive touch sensor panel disclosed in Patent Literature 2 includes (i) a plurality of vertical electrodes 91 provided on a vertical electrode surface and arranged at predetermined intervals in a horizontal direction and (ii) a plurality of horizontal electrodes 92 provided on a horizontal electrode surface, which is parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and arranged at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction.
Each vertical electrode 91 includes a sequence of a repeat of diamond-shaped quadrangular sections 93 and 94 connected to each other in the vertical direction. Each horizontal electrode 92 includes a sequence of a repeat of diamond-shaped quadrangular sections 95 and 96 connected to each other in the horizontal direction.
The vertical electrodes 91 and the horizontal electrodes 92, each including diamond-shaped sections, are so provided that the vertical electrodes 91 cross the horizontal electrodes 92 to constitute a capacitive touch sensor panel. In the case where such a capacitive touch sensor panel is to be placed on a display device for use, the vertical electrodes 91 and the horizontal electrodes 92 are normally each formed of transparent conductive film made of, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide). Recent years have also witnessed research on the use of graphene as a substitute for ITO.
In the case where the diamond-shaped sections as illustrated in FIG. 55 are made of, for example, ITO and arranged on a plane, each diamond-shaped section, having both center-line symmetry and center-point symmetry, exhibits a similarly symmetric capacitance change when touched by an object, such as a pen, that has a small touch area. Utilizing this symmetry in a capacitance change allows a symmetric position correction to be carried out during a touch-position detection, and thus increases the position detection precision.
FIG. 56 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes 81 and horizontal electrodes 82 in another conventional capacitive touch sensor panel, which is disclosed in Patent Literature 3. Both the vertical electrodes 81 and the horizontal electrodes 82 are arranged at predetermined intervals. The vertical electrodes 81 extend in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the horizontal electrodes 82 extend. The vertical electrodes 81 and the horizontal electrodes 82 are arranged in the shape of a grid. The vertical electrodes 81 and horizontal electrodes 82 themselves individually include fine wires, which form a mesh.
(a) of FIG. 57 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes 71 in yet another conventional capacitive touch sensor panel, which is disclosed in Patent Literature 4. (b) of FIG. 57 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes 72 in that capacitive touch sensor panel.
(a) of FIG. 57 illustrates an array of vertical electrodes 71 each including sections that each have a shape similar to a diamond shape and that are connected to one another in a vertical direction. (b) of FIG. 57 similarly illustrates an array of horizontal electrodes 72 each including sections that each have a shape similar to a diamond shape and that are connected to one another in a horizontal direction.
(a) of FIG. 59 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes in still another conventional capacitive touch sensor panel, which is disclosed in Patent Literature 5. (b) of FIG. 59 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes in that capacitive touch sensor panel.
The capacitive touch sensor panel disclosed in Patent Literature 5 is a capacitance-type touch panel switch including (i) an electrically conductive X pattern group 161 including a plurality of conductive X sequences 162 arranged at slight intervals in the X direction and (ii) an electrically conductive Y pattern group 166 including a plurality of conductive Y sequences 167 arranged at slight intervals in the Y direction.
Each conductive X sequence 162 includes (i) a plurality of conductive X pads 163 that each have a substantially rhombic outline and that are arranged in the Y-axis direction and (ii) conductive X pads 163a that each have a substantially isosceles-triangular outline and that are arranged in the Y-axis direction to sandwich the conductive X pads 163. Adjacent conductive X pads 163 and 163 are connected to each other by a conductive X line 164, while adjacent conductive X pads 163 and 163a are also connected to each other by a conductive X line 164.
The conductive X pads 163 and 163a each include a mesh of (i) fine wires extending in the X direction and (ii) fine wires extending in the Y direction. Each conductive X line 164 is thin and includes three straight lines 165 extending in the Y direction and arranged at predetermined intervals in the X direction.
Each conductive Y sequence 167 includes (i) a plurality of conductive Y pads 168 that each have a substantially rhombic outline and that are arranged in the X-axis direction and (ii) conductive Y pads 168a that each have a substantially isosceles-triangular outline and that are arranged in the X-axis direction to sandwich the conductive Y pads 168. Adjacent conductive Y pads 168 and 168 are connected to each other by a conductive Y line 169, while adjacent conductive Y pads 168 and 168a are also connected to each other by a conductive Y line 169.
The conductive Y pads 168 and 168a each include a mesh of (i) fine wires extending in the X direction and (ii) fine wires extending in the Y direction. Each conductive Y line 169 is thin and includes three straight lines 160 extending in the X direction and arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y direction.
The X pattern group 161 and Y pattern group 166 arranged as above are so placed on top of each other as to extend orthogonally to each other in a planer view. The conductive X lines 164 of the conductive X sequences 162 and the conductive Y lines 169 of the conductive Y sequences 167 are stacked on top of each other to form a light-transmitting region having a light-transmitting property substantially identical to that of the conductive X pads 163 and the conductive Y pads 168.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature 1
Patent Literature


    Japanese Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2001-125744 A (Publication Date: May 11, 2001)

Patent Literature 2

    U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,720, specification (Jan. 27, 1987)

Patent Literature 3

    Japanese Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2011-113149 A (Publication Date: Jun. 9, 2011)

Patent Literature 4

    Japanese Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2010-39537 A (Publication Date: Feb. 18, 2010)

Patent Literature 5

    Japanese Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2011-175412 A (Publication Date: Sep. 8, 2011)


SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
However, the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1 has a problem of being incapable of removing noises other than an AC signal component.
Specifically, as described above, with respect to an input signal supplied from the sensor, the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1 regards as a noise an AC signal component included in the input signal. The filter section 101 extracts the AC signal, and thereafter the logical inversion section 102 inverts the phase of the AC signal by 180°. Further, the adding section 103 adds the inverted signal to the input signal which includes the AC signal component. Thus, for the noise processing according to Patent Literature 1, the process performed by the filter section 101 for extracting the AC signal component is the most important.
However, Patent Literature 1 fails to disclose details of the configuration of the filter section 101. Therefore, it is unknown how much noise the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1 can remove. Furthermore, Patent Literature 1 regards as a noise an AC signal component included in an analog signal. Namely, the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1 basically assumes removal of an impulse noise only, and does not assume, as the subject of removal, noises other than the impulse noise. Therefore, the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1 cannot reliably cancel a wide variety of noises other than the impulse noise.
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 55, however, is problematic in that ITO and graphene each have too high a resistance value to produce a large capacitive touch sensor panel having a size of 30 inches or larger. The above arrangement thus involves a method for making diamond-shaped sections from fine lines of a metal (for example, Ag or Cu) that has a low resistance value (Patent Literature 3 [FIG. 56] and Patent Literature 4 [FIG. 57]).
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 56 problematically includes cross-shaped openings 97 that are present at certain intervals and that are not covered by the grid. The openings 97 are thus visually recognized, with the result of moire occurring. The above arrangement further has a problem of a decrease in position detection precision which decrease is due to the fact that the capacitance for the openings 97 is changed by a touch differently from that for the other region.
FIG. 58 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid 73 constituted by the vertical electrodes 71 and the horizontal electrodes 72. The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 57, although free from openings such as those illustrated in FIG. 56, includes vertical electrodes 71 and horizontal electrodes 72 none of which has center-line symmetry or center-point symmetry. Further, placing the vertical electrodes 71 and the horizontal electrodes 72 on top of each other results in zigzag shapes 78 and 79 being formed respectively along the left side and bottom side of the grid 73 as illustrated in FIG. 58. This problematically makes it difficult to easily join, directly to the grid 73, (i) an address line for driving the horizontal electrodes 72 (or the vertical electrodes 71) and (ii) an address line for reading a signal from the vertical electrodes 71 (or the horizontal electrodes 72).
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 59 includes (i) conductive X lines 164 that are parallel to the Y axis and (ii) conductive Y lines 169 that are parallel to the X axis. A conductive X line 164 is stacked on a conductive Y line 169 to form a light-transmitting region, which thus includes (i) straight lines parallel to the Y axis and (ii) straight lines parallel to the X axis. Thus, placing this capacitive touch sensor panel on, for example, a liquid crystal display problematically allows moire to occur.
The present invention was made in view of the foregoing problems of the conventional technique, and an object of the present invention is to provide a touch panel system and an electronic device each of which is capable of reliably removing a wide variety of noises.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a touch panel system and an electronic device each of which includes a uniform grid with no visible gap and that can prevent moire or the like when placed on a display device.
Solution to Problem
In order to attain the foregoing objects, a touch panel system of the present invention includes: a touch panel; and a touch panel controller for processing a signal supplied from the touch panel, the touch panel including (i) a main sensor section for detecting a touch operation performed with respect to the touch panel and (ii) a sub sensor section provided in a surface of the touch panel in which surface the main sensor section is provided, the touch panel controller including a subtracting section for (i) receiving a signal supplied from the main sensor section and a signal supplied from the sub sensor section and (ii) subtracting, from the signal supplied from the main sensor section, the signal supplied from the sub sensor section, the main sensor section being provided with a plurality of sense lines, the sub sensor section being provided with a sub sense line extending along a direction in which the sense lines extend, the subtracting section finding a first difference which is expressed by (Sn+1)−Sn, the first difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of a sense line Sn which is selected from the plurality of sense lines and (ii) a signal of a sense line Sn+1, which is one of two sense lines adjacent to the sense line Sn, the two sense lines being the sense line Sn+1 and a sense line Sn−1 each of which is included in the plurality of sense lines, the subtracting section finding a second difference which is expressed by Sn−(Sn−1), the second difference corresponding to a difference between (i) the signal of the sense line Sn and (ii) a signal of the sense line Sn−1, which is the other one of the two sense lines, the subtracting section finding a third difference, the third difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of the sub sense line and (ii) a signal of a sense line adjacent to the sub sense line which sense line is included in the plurality of sense lines, the touch panel controller including an adding section for adding up the first difference, the second difference, and the third difference, the touch panel further including: a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction; a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction; and an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface so as to insulate the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes from each other, the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) being disposed so that, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.
According to the above configuration, the main sensor section and the sub sensor section are provided in (on) the same surface of the touch panel. This allows both of (i) an output signal supplied from the main sensor section and (ii) an output signal supplied from the sub sensor section to include various kinds of noise signals reflected in the touch panel. Furthermore, the subtracting section finds a difference between (i) the output signal supplied from the main sensor section which signal includes a signal derived from the touch operation and the noise signals and (ii) the output signal supplied from the sub sensor section which signal includes the noise signals. This removes the noise components from the output signal supplied from the main sensor section, thereby extracting the signal derived from the touch operation itself. This makes it possible to reliably remove (cancel) a wide variety of noises reflected in the touch panel.
Further, according to the above configuration, the subtracting section obtains a difference signal value between sense lines adjacent to each other. Namely, a difference is found between the adjacent sense lines, which have a higher correlation in terms of noise. Furthermore, from an output signal supplied from each sense line, a signal (noise signal) of the sub sense line is removed. This makes it possible to remove a noise more reliably.
Furthermore, the above arrangement disposes (I) a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction and (II) a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction so that (i) as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and that (ii) the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes form a uniform grid having no gap. Thus, preparing an electrode distribution with (i) the vertical electrodes, (ii) the horizontal electrodes, and (iii) an insulating film sandwiched therebetween forms a uniform grid having no visible gap. Such an electrode distribution, as placed on a display device, can prevent moire and the like from occurring.
In order to attain the foregoing objects, another touch panel system of the present invention includes: a touch panel; and a touch panel controller for processing a signal supplied from the touch panel, the touch panel including a sensor section, the sensor section being provided with a plurality of sense lines and detecting a touch operation performed with respect to the touch panel, the touch panel controller including a subtracting section for (i) receiving signals from the sensor section and (ii) finding differences in signal between, among the sense lines, respective pairs of sense lines adjacent to each other, the touch panel system further including: drive lines provided so as to intersect the sense lines; a drive line driving circuit for driving the drive lines in parallel; and capacitances being formed between the sense lines and the drive lines, the subtracting section receiving output signals from the sense lines, and finding differences between the capacitances on each of the drive lines in a direction in which the each of the drive lines extends, the differences being found as the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the touch panel system further including: a decoding section for decoding the values of the differences between the capacitances, which differences are found by the subtracting section, the decoding being carried out in such a manner that an inner product of each of code sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel and each of difference output sequences of the sense lines, which difference output sequences correspond to the code sequences, is calculated; and a switch for switching a signal to be supplied to the subtracting section so that the subtracting section finds a first difference which is expressed by (Sn+1)−Sn or a second difference which is expressed by Sn−(Sn−1), the first difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of a sense line Sn which is selected from the plurality of sense lines and (ii) a signal of a sense line Sn+1, which is one of two sense lines adjacent to the sense line Sn, the two sense lines being the sense line Sn+1 and a sense line Sn−1 each of which is included in the plurality of sense lines, the second difference corresponding to a difference between (i) the signal of the sense line Sn and (ii) a signal of the sense line Sn−1, which is the other one of the two sense lines, the touch panel further including: a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction; a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction; and an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface so as to insulate the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes from each other, the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) being disposed so that, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.
In order to attain the foregoing objects, a further touch panel system of the present invention includes: a touch panel; and a touch panel controller for processing a signal supplied from the touch panel, the touch panel including a sensor section, the sensor section being provided with a plurality of sense lines and detecting a touch operation performed with respect to the touch panel, the touch panel controller including a subtracting section for (i) receiving signals from the sensor section and (ii) finding differences in signal between, among the sense lines, respective pairs of sense lines adjacent to each other, the touch panel system further including: drive lines provided so as to intersect the sense lines; a drive line driving circuit for driving the drive lines in parallel; and capacitances being formed between the sense lines and the drive lines, the subtracting section receiving output signals from the sense lines, and finding differences between the capacitances on each of the drive lines in a direction in which the each of the drive lines extends, the differences being found as the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the touch panel system further including: a decoding section for decoding the values of the differences between the capacitances, which differences are found by the subtracting section, the decoding being carried out in such a manner that an inner product of each of code sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel and each of difference output sequences of the sense lines, which difference output sequences correspond to the code sequences, is calculated, the touch panel further including: a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction; a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction; and an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface so as to insulate the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes from each other, the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) being disposed so that, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.
According to each of the above configurations, the subtracting section obtains difference in signal values between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other. Namely, each difference is found between the adjacent sense lines, which have a higher correlation in terms of noise. This removes a noise component from the output signal supplied from the main sensor, thereby extracting a signal derived from the touch operation itself. This makes it possible to reliably remove (cancel) a wide variety of noises reflected in the touch panel.
Further, according to each of the above configurations, the touch panel is parallel driven, and the decoding section decodes the values of the differences between the capacitances which values are found by the subtracting section. Consequently, signals of the capacitances are multiplied by a code length (i.e., multiplied by N). Therefore, signal strengths of the capacitances are increased, regardless of the number of drive lines. Further, provided that necessary signal strengths are merely equal to those of a conventional driving method, it is possible to reduce the number of times that the drive lines should be driven. This makes it possible to reduce electric power consumption.
Further, according to each of the above configurations, the above arrangement disposes (I) a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction and (II) a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction so that (i) as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and that (ii) the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes form a uniform grid having no gap. Thus, preparing an electrode distribution with (i) the vertical electrodes, (ii) the horizontal electrodes, and (iii) an insulating film sandwiched therebetween forms a uniform grid having no visible gap. Such an electrode distribution, as placed on a display device, can prevent moire and the like from occurring.
In order to attain the foregoing objects, an electronic device of the present invention includes a touch panel system of the present invention.
Accordingly, it is possible to provide an electronic device capable of reliably removing (canceling) a wide variety of noises reflected in a touch panel. Further, preparing an electrode distribution with (i) the vertical electrodes, (ii) the horizontal electrodes, and (iii) an insulating film sandwiched therebetween forms a uniform grid having no visible gap. Such an electrode distribution, as placed on a display device, can prevent moire and the like from occurring.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
As described above, a touch panel system of the present invention is configured such that a plurality of vertical electrodes and a plurality of horizontal electrodes are so disposed that (i) as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and that (ii) the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes form a uniform grid having no gap. Accordingly, the present invention provides an effect of reliably removing (canceling) a wide variety of noises reflected in a touch panel. Further, the touch panel system, as placed on a display device, can prevent moire and the like from occurring.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a basic process of the touch panel system shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a view illustrating waveforms of respective signals which are to be processed by a subtracting section in the touch panel system shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view schematically illustrating a touch panel which is included in another version of the touch panel system shown in FIG. 4 and does not include a sub sensor group.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a basic process of the touch panel system shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a basic process of the touch panel system shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a driving method of a touch panel which driving method is employed in a conventional touch panel system.
FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a driving method (orthogonal sequence driving method) of a touch panel which driving method is employed in a touch panel system of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a view illustrating a process which needs to be performed by the touch panel employing the driving method of FIG. 9 in order to achieve sensitivity equivalent to that of the touch panel employing the driving method of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a view schematically illustrating another touch panel system according to the present invention, said another touch panel system including a touch panel driven by the orthogonal sequence driving method.
FIG. 13 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing one example of a total differential amplifier included in the touch panel system shown in FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a noise processing section provided in a touch panel system of Patent Literature 1.
FIG. 20 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a flow chart illustrating a basic process of the touch panel system shown in FIG. 20.
FIG. 22 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 26 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of another touch panel system according to the present invention.
FIG. 27 is a flow chart illustrating a basic process of a judging section in the touch panel system shown in FIG. 22.
FIG. 28 is a view schematically illustrating a method of recognizing touch information in the flow chart shown in FIG. 27.
FIG. 29 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration of a mobile phone including the touch panel system.
FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a touch sensor system of Embodiment 18.
FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a touch panel included in the touch sensor system.
FIG. 32
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included in the touch panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes.
FIG. 33
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included in the touch panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes.
FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid including the vertical electrodes and the horizontal electrode.
FIG. 35
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included as a variation in the touch panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes according to the variation.
FIG. 36
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included as a variation in the touch panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes according to the variation.
FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid including the vertical electrodes according to the variation and the horizontal electrode according to the variation.
FIG. 38
(a) is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a first basic shape of a vertical electrode according to the variation, the first basic shape being filled with a transparent electrode material, and (b) is a diagram illustrating vertical electrodes according to the variation, the vertical electrodes being filled with the transparent electrode material.
FIG. 39
(a) is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode according to the variation, the second basic shape being filled with a transparent electrode material, and (b) is a diagram illustrating horizontal electrodes according to the variation, the horizontal electrodes being filled with the transparent electrode material.
FIG. 40
(a) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the vertical electrodes according to the variation, the vertical electrodes being connected to respective address lines, (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the horizontal electrodes according to the variation, the horizontal electrodes being connected to respective address lines, and (c) is a diagram illustrating a grid including the vertical electrodes connected to the respective address lines and the horizontal electrodes connected to the respective address lines.
FIG. 41
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included in a touch panel of Embodiment 19, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes.
FIG. 42
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included in the touch panel of Embodiment 19, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes.
FIG. 43
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included in a touch panel of Embodiment 20, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes.
FIG. 44
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included in the touch panel of Embodiment 20, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes.
FIG. 45
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included in a touch panel of Embodiment 21, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes.
FIG. 46
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included in the touch panel of Embodiment 21, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes.
FIG. 47
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included in a touch panel of Embodiment 22, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes.
FIG. 48
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included in the touch panel of Embodiment 22, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes.
FIG. 49 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid including the vertical electrodes and the horizontal electrode.
FIG. 50
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of another vertical electrode included in the touch panel of Embodiment 22, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of such other vertical electrodes.
FIG. 51
(a) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of another horizontal electrode included in the touch panel of Embodiment 22, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of such other horizontal electrodes.
FIG. 52
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included as a variation in the touch panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included as a variation in the touch panel.
FIG. 53
(a) is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape of a vertical electrode included as another variation in the touch panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape of a horizontal electrode included as another variation in the touch panel.
FIG. 54 is a diagram illustrating an appearance of an electronic blackboard of Embodiment 23.
FIG. 55 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes and horizontal electrodes in a conventional capacitive touch sensor panel.
FIG. 56 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes and horizontal electrodes in another conventional capacitive touch sensor panel.
FIG. 57
(a) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes in yet another conventional capacitive touch sensor panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes in that capacitive touch sensor panel.
FIG. 58 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid including the vertical electrodes and the horizontal electrode.
FIG. 59
(a) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes in still another conventional capacitive touch sensor panel, and (b) is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes in that capacitive touch sensor panel.



DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to drawings.
Embodiment 1
(1) Configuration of Touch Panel System 1
FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The touch panel system 1 includes a display device 2, a touch panel 3, a touch panel controller 4, and a drive line driving circuit 5. Further, the touch panel system 1 has a noise canceling function. In the descriptions below, a side used by a user is referred to as a “front surface” (or an “upper side”).
The display device 2 includes a display screen (display section), which is not illustrated in FIG. 1. The display screen displays, e.g., various kinds of icons for operation and text information corresponding to operation instructions for the user. The display device 2 is made of, e.g., a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, or a field emission display (FED). These displays are used in many generally-used electronic devices. Therefore, making the display device 2 of such the display provides a touch panel system 1 having a great versatility. The display device 2 may have any configuration, and is not limited to any particular configuration.
The touch panel 3 is configured to allow the user to perform a touch (press) operation on a surface of the touch panel 3 by his/her finger, a stylus, or the like so as to enter various kinds of operation instructions. The touch panel 3 is stacked on a front surface (upper side) of the display device 2 so as to cover the display screen.
The touch panel 3 includes two sensors (one main sensor 31 and one sub sensor 32) which are provided on (in) the same surface. The main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 are provided so as to be adjacent to each other. Each of the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 is a capacitive type sensor. The touch panel 3, which is provided with the capacitive type sensors, has an advantage of having high transmittance and having durability.
The main sensor (main sensor section) 31 is provided in a region (touched region) of the touch panel 3 in which region a touch operation is performed. The main sensor 31 detects a touch operation that the user performs with respect to the touch panel 3. The touch operation is, for example, double-click, sliding, single-click, or dragging. The main sensor 31 is provided with a sense line 33 which is made of a linear electrode. The sense line 33 has an end which is connected with the touch panel controller 4. With this, a signal detected by the main sensor 31 is outputted to the touch panel controller 4 via the sense line 33. Namely, a signal corresponding to a touch operation detected by the main sensor 31 is outputted to the touch panel controller 4.
The sub sensor (sub sensor section) 32 detects a noise component reflected in the touch panel 3. The sub sensor 32 is provided in a region (non-touched region) of the touch panel 3 in which region no touch operation is performed. Therefore, the sub sensor 32 is not touched by the user in a touch operation, and the sub sensor 32 detects various kinds of noises generated in the touch panel system 1. Thus, unlike the main sensor 31, the sub sensor 32 does not detect a signal corresponding to a touch operation. Namely, the sub sensor 32 is configured not to be touched by the user in a touch operation and to detect a noise generated in the touch panel 3.
The sub sensor 32 is provided with a sub sense line 34 which is made of a linear electrode. The sub sense line 34 is provided so as to extend in parallel with the sense line 33 (i.e., to extend along a direction in which the sense line 33 extends). The sub sense line 34 has an end which is connected with the touch panel controller 4. With this, a signal detected by the sub sensor 32 is outputted to the touch panel controller 4 via the sub sense line 34.
Meanwhile, the touch panel 3 includes a drive line 35 provided so as to intersect the sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34 at right angles. The drive line 35 is made of a linear electrode. A capacitance is formed in an intersection of the sense line 33 or the sub sense line 34 and the drive line 35. Namely, a capacitance is formed in an intersection of the sense line 33 and the drive line 35, and another capacitance is formed in an intersection of the sub sense line 34 and the drive line 35. The drive line 35 is connected with the drive line driving circuit (sensor driving section) 5. Upon activation of the touch panel system 1, the drive line 35 is supplied with an electric potential at a certain interval.
Each of the sense line 33, the sub sense line 34, and the drive line 35 can be made of, e.g., a transparent wire material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). In other words, each of the sense line 33, the sub sense line 34, and the drive line 35 is a sensor electrode in the touch panel 3.
Note that the drive line 35 is provided on a transparent substrate or a transparent film (not illustrated). Further, the drive line 35 is covered with an insulative layer (not illustrated). On the insulative layer, the sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34 are provided. Thus, the sense line 33 or the sub sense line 34 and the drive line 35 are isolated from each other via the insulative layer, and the sense line 33 or the sub sense line 34 and the drive line 35 are coupled to each other via the capacitance. The sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34 are covered with a protective layer (not illustrated). Namely, in the touch panel 3, the protective layer is positioned so as to be the closest to the front surface side (the user's side).
The touch panel controller 4 reads signals (data) supplied from the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 of the touch panel 3. Since the touch panel system 1 includes the capacitive type sensors, the touch panel controller 4 detects a capacitance generated in the touch panel 3. Concretely, the touch panel controller 4 detects (i) a change in the capacitance between the sense line 33 and the drive line 35 and (ii) a change in the capacitance between the sub sense line 34 and the drive line 35. The touch panel controller 4 includes a subtracting section 41, a coordinates detecting section 42, and a CPU 43.
The subtracting section 41 includes (i) an input terminal (i.e., an input terminal for a main sensor output) for receiving a signal outputted by the main sensor 31 and (ii) an input terminal (i.e., an input terminal for a sub sensor output) for receiving a signal outputted by the sub sensor 32. The subtracting section 41 subtracts (i) the signal supplied to the input terminal for the sub sensor output from (ii) the signal supplied to the input terminal for the main sensor output. The signal obtained as a result of the subtracting operation by the subtracting section 41 is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42. Note that the signal supplied to the subtracting section 41 may be either of a digital signal and an analog signal. Namely, the input signal supplied to the subtracting section 41 may be any signal, as long as it suits with the configuration of the subtracting section 41.
According to the signal obtained as a result of the subtracting operation by the subtracting section 41, the coordinates detecting section 42 detects information indicative of the presence or absence of a touch operation. For example, if a value of the output signal supplied from the subtracting section 41 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the coordinates detecting section 42 outputs, to the CPU 43, a signal indicative of the presence of a touch operation. Note that the touch panel system 1 includes a single main sensor 31; therefore, the coordinates detecting section 42 detects information indicative of the presence or absence of a touch operation. Meanwhile, if a touch panel system 1 is configured to include a plurality of main sensors 31, a coordinates detecting section 42 determines, in addition to the presence or absence of a touch operation, coordinates values indicative of a position touched by the user.
The CPU 43 obtains, at a certain interval, information outputted by the coordinates detecting section 42. Further, according to the information thus obtained, the CPU 43 performs an operation such as output of the information to the display device 2.
The drive line driving circuit 5 is connected with the drive line 35. Upon activation of the touch panel system 1, the drive line driving circuit 5 applies an electric potential to the drive line 35 at a certain interval.
(2) Noise Processing Performed by Touch Panel System 1
The touch panel system 1 determines, according to a change in the capacitance which change is detected by the touch panel controller 4, the presence or absence of a touch operation. However, since the touch panel 3 is bonded to the front surface (the user's side) of the display device 2, the touch panel system 1 is likely to be affected not only by a noise such as a clock generated in the display device 2 but also by other noises coming from the outside. This leads to impairment in detection sensitivity for a touch operation (i.e., detection sensitivity of the coordinates detecting section 42).
In order to address this, as a measure for removing such the noises, the touch panel system 1 includes the sub sensor 32 and the subtracting section 41. With reference to FIG. 2, a noise canceling process of the touch panel system 1 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a noise canceling process, which is a basic process of the touch panel system 1.
Upon activation of the touch panel system 1, the drive line driving circuit 5 applies an electric potential to the drive line 35 at a certain interval. When the user performs a touch operation on the touch panel 3, both of the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 output signals to the subtracting section 41.
Here, (i) a noise such as a clock generated in the display device 2 and (ii) other noises coming from the outside are reflected in the touch panel 3. Therefore, various kinds of noise components are detected by the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32. Namely, the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 includes not only a signal derived from the touch operation itself but also a noise signal (noise component). Meanwhile, since the sub sensor 32 is configured not to detect any touch operation, the output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 includes a noise signal (noise component), but does not include a signal derived from the touch operation (F201).
In the touch panel system 1, the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 are provided in the same surface so as to be adjacent to each other. Therefore, (i) a value of the noise signal included in the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 and (ii) a value of the noise signal included in the output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 can be regarded as being basically the same. In view of this, the subtracting section 41 included in the touch panel controller 4 executes an operation for subtracting (i) the input signal (signal value) supplied from the sub sensor 32 from (ii) the input signal (signal value) supplied from the main sensor 31 (F202). Namely, the subtracting section 41 finds a difference between the sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34. This removes the noise signal from the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31. This provides the signal value derived from the touch operation itself, which signal value is generated in response to the touch operation.
The signal thus obtained by the subtracting operation (the signal derived from the touch operation itself) is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42 included in the touch panel controller 4 (F203). Namely, the signal derived from the touch operation itself is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42. According to the signal derived from the touch operation itself, the coordinates detecting section 42 determines the presence or absence of a touch operation. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent impairment in detection sensitivity of the coordinates detecting section 42 (e.g., detection sensitivity as to the presence or absence of a touch operation).
Thus, according to the touch panel system 1, the subtracting section 41 finds a difference between the sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34, so as to cancel, from an input signal which is supplied from the sense line 33 and includes a wide variety of noise components, the noise components. Namely, the subtracting section 41 cancels a noise signal from an input signal supplied from the sense line 33, so as to extract a signal derived from a touch operation itself. Thus, it is possible to provide the touch panel system 1 capable of reliably canceling a wide variety of noises.
The noise canceling process of the touch panel system 1 is visually illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a view illustrating waveforms of respective signals which are to be processed by the subtracting section 41 in the touch panel system 1. (a) of FIG. 3 shows an output signal supplied from the main sensor 31, (b) of FIG. 3 shows an output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32, and (c) of FIG. 3 is a signal processed by the subtracting section 41. Each signal shown in FIG. 3 is a signal generated in response to a touch operation performed by the user.
The touch panel system 1 is configured such that the user's performing a touch operation increases the capacitance of the main sensor 31 which detects a touch operation ((a) of FIG. 3). Namely, the user's performing a touch operation increases a value of an output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 (the sense line 33). However, the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 in response to the touch operation includes not only (i) a signal derived from the touch operation itself but also (ii) various kinds of noise signals (e.g., a noise such as a clock generated in the display device 2 and/or a noise coming from the outside).
Meanwhile, since the sub sensor 32 does not detect a touch operation, the capacitance of the sub sensor 32 (the sub sense line) is not increased by the touch operation. Namely, an output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 does not include a signal derived from the touch operation, but includes a noise component reflected in the touch panel 3 ((b) of FIG. 3).
The subtracting section 41 subtracts (i) the output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 from (ii) the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 (i.e., the signal value of (a) of FIG. 3−the signal value of (b) of FIG. 3). As shown in (c) of FIG. 3, this subtracting operation removes (i) the noise component outputted by the sub sensor 32 from (ii) the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31. This provides the signal derived from the touch operation itself, which signal is generated in response to the touch operation. Furthermore, since the coordinates detecting section 42 is supplied with the signal derived from the touch operation itself, detection accuracy for a touch operation is not impaired.
As described above, according to the touch panel system 1 of the present embodiment, the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 are provided in (on) the same surface of the touch panel 3. Consequently, each of (i) an output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 and (ii) an output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 includes various kinds of noise signals reflected in the touch panel 3. Furthermore, the subtracting section 41 finds a difference between (i) the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 which signal includes a signal derived from a touch operation and a noise signal and (ii) the output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 which signal includes a noise signal. This removes the noise component from the output signal supplied from the main sensor 31, thereby extracting the signal derived from the touch operation itself. Therefore, it is possible to reliably remove (cancel) a wide variety of noises reflected in the touch panel 3.
Note that, according to the touch panel system of Patent Literature 1, a noise component which is the subject of removal is an AC signal component included in a signal which includes noise components. On the other hand, according to the touch panel system 1, each of (i) an output signal supplied from the main sensor 31 and (ii) an output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 includes various kinds of noise components. Therefore, according to the touch panel system 1, a noise component which is the subject of removal is not limited to an AC signal component. Thus, the touch panel system 1 can cancel all noises reflected in the touch panel 3.
In the touch panel system 1, the sub sensor 32 only needs to be provided in a surface of the touch panel 3 in which surface the main sensor 31 is also provided. With this configuration, both of the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 can detect a noise component (noise signal) reflected in the touch panel 3. Note that the sub sensor 32 is preferably configured not to detect a touch operation performed on the touch panel 3. With this configuration, the sub sensor 32 does not detect a signal derived from a touch operation; therefore, an output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 does not include the signal derived from the touch operation. This prevents a case where the signal value derived from the touch operation is reduced by the subtracting operation performed by the subtracting section 41. Namely, the noise component is removed without reducing the signal derived from the touch operation which signal is detected by the main sensor 31. Therefore, it is possible to further enhance detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
The touch panel system 1 is configured such that the sub sensor 32 is provided in the region (non-touched region) of the touch panel 3 in which region no touch operation is performed by the user. In such a configuration, a signal derived from a touch operation is not detected by the sub sensor 32. Therefore, on the sub sensor 32, the user would not perform a touch operation. Accordingly, although the sub sensor 32 detects a noise reflected in the touch panel, the sub sensor 32 does not detect the signal derived from the touch operation. Thus, it is possible to reliably prevent the sub sensor 32 from detecting a touch operation.
In order that the sub sensor 32 detects a noise component, the sub sensor 32 is preferably provided as close to the main sensor 31 as possible. More preferably, the sub sensor 32 and the main sensor 31 are arranged side by side so as to be in contact with each other. With this configuration, the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 are provided under almost the same condition. Particularly in a configuration in which the sub sensor 32 and the main sensor 31 are arranged side by side so as to be in contact with each other, the main sensor 31 and the sub sensor 32 are arranged so that a distance therebetween is shortest. Therefore, a value of a noise signal included in an output signal supplied from the sub sensor 32 can be regarded as being the same as that of a noise signal included in an output signal supplied from the main sensor 31. Therefore, by the subtracting operation performed by the subtracting section 41, it is possible to more reliably remove a noise component reflected in the touch panel 3. This makes it possible to further enhance detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
The present embodiment has dealt with the touch panel system 1 including the touch panel 3 of capacitive type. However, the principle of operation of the touch panel 3 (i.e., the method of operating the sensor) is not limited to the capacitive type. For example, the noise canceling function can be achieved similarly by a touch panel system including a touch panel of resistance film type, infrared type, ultrasonic wave type, or electromagnetic induction coupling type. Further, regardless of the type of the display device 2, the touch panel system 1 of the present embodiment provides the noise canceling function.
The touch panel system 1 of the present embodiment is applicable to various kinds of electronic devices provided with touch panels. Examples of such the electronic device encompass televisions, personal computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, portable game devices, electronic photo frames, personal digital assistants (PDAs), electronic books, home electronic appliances (e.g., microwave ovens, washing machines), ticket vending machines, automatic teller machines (ATM), and car navigation systems. Thus, it is possible to provide an electronic device which is capable of effectively preventing impairment in detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
Embodiment 2
(1) Configuration of Touch Panel System 1a 
FIG. 4 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1a according to another embodiment of the present invention. A basic configuration of the touch panel system 1a is substantially the same as that of the touch panel system 1 of Embodiment 1. The following will describe the touch panel system 1a, focusing on differences between the touch panel system 1a and the touch panel system 1. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those explained in the drawings described in Embodiment 1 are given the same reference signs, and explanations thereof are omitted here.
The touch panel system 1a differs from the touch panel system 1 in terms of configurations of sensors provided in a touch panel 3a. Specifically, the touch panel 3a includes (i) a main sensor group 31a made of a plurality of main sensors 31 and (ii) a sub sensor group 32a made of a plurality of sub sensors 32. The touch panel system 1a detects not only (i) the presence or absence of a touch operation performed by the user but also (ii) positional information (coordinates) indicative of a position where the user performs the touch operation.
Specifically, according to the touch panel system 1a, the touch panel 3a includes the main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a which are provided on (in) the same surface of the touch panel 3a. The main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a are provided so as to be adjacent to each other. Each of the main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a is made of capacitive type sensors.
The main sensor group (main sensor section) 31a is provided in a region (touched region) of the touch panel 3a in which region a touch operation is performed. The main sensor group 31a detects a touch operation that the user performs with respect to the touch panel 3a. The main sensor group 31a is made of the plurality of main sensors 31 which are arranged in a matrix. The main sensor group 31a is provided with L sense lines 33 (L is an integer of 2 or greater). The sense lines 33 are provided so as to be parallel with each other and evenly spaced. On each of the sense lines 33, M main sensors 31 are provided (M is an integer of 2 or greater).
Each of the sense lines 33 has an end which is connected with a subtracting section 41 of a touch panel controller 4. With this, a signal detected by each main sensor is outputted to the subtracting section 41 via its corresponding sense line 33. Namely, a signal corresponding to a touch operation detected by the main sensor 31 is outputted to the subtracting section 41.
The sub sensor group (sub sensor section) 32a detects a noise component reflected in the touch panel 3a. The sub sensor group 32a is provided in a region (non-touched region) of the touch panel 3a in which region no touch operation is performed. Therefore, the sub sensor group 32a is not touched by the user in a touch operation, and the sub sensor group 32a detects various kinds of noises generated in the touch panel system 1a. Thus, unlike the main sensor group 31a, the sub sensor group 32a does not detect a signal corresponding to a touch operation. Namely, the sub sensor group 32a is configured not to be touched by the user in a touch operation but to detect a noise generated in the sensor. The sub sensor group 32a is provided with one sub sense line 34. The sub sense line 34 is provided so as to extend in parallel with the sense lines 33 (i.e., to extend along a direction in which the sense lines 33 extend). On the sub sense line 34, M sub sensors 32 are provided (M is an integer of 2 or greater). Namely, the number of main sensors 31 provided on each sense line 33 is equal to the number of sub sensors 32 provided on the sub sense line 34.
The sub sense line 34 has an end which is connected with the subtracting section 41 of the touch panel controller 4. With this, a signal detected by the sub sensor group 32a is outputted to the subtracting section 41 via the sub sense line 34.
Meanwhile, the touch panel 3a includes M drive lines 35 provided so as to intersect the sense lines 33 and the sub sense line 34 at right angles (M is an integer of 2 or greater). The drive lines 35 are provided so as to extend in parallel with each other and to be evenly spaced. On each of the drive lines 35, L main sensors 31 and one sub sensor 32 are provided (L is an integer of 2 or greater). Further, a capacitance is formed in an intersection of each of the sense lines 33 or the sub sense line 34 and a corresponding one of the drive lines 35. Namely, capacitances are formed in intersections of the sense lines 33 and the drive lines 35, and capacitances are formed in intersections of the sub sense line 34 and the drive lines 35. The drive lines 35 are connected with a drive line driving circuit (not illustrated). Upon activation of the touch panel system 1a, the drive lines 35 are supplied with electric potentials at a certain interval.
Thus, in the touch panel 3a, (i) the sense lines 33 and the sub sense line 34, which are provided in a horizontal direction, and (ii) the drive lines 35, which are provided in a vertical direction, are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. For the sense line 33, the sub sense lines 34, and the drive line 35, the number thereof, a length thereof, a width thereof, a space therebetween, and/or the like can be arbitrarily set according to the intended purpose of the touch panel system 1a, the size of the touch panel 3a, and/or the like.
(2) Noise Processing Performed by Touch Panel System 1a 
The touch panel system 1a determines, according to a change in the capacitance which change is detected by the touch panel controller 4, (i) the presence or absence of a touch operation and (ii) a touched position. However, similarly to the touch panel system 1, the touch panel system 1a is likely to be affected by various kinds of noises. This leads to impairment in detection sensitivity for a touch operation (i.e., detection sensitivity of the coordinates detecting section). Specifically, FIG. 5 is a view schematically illustrating a touch panel 3b, which is made by modifying the touch panel of the touch panel system 1a shown in FIG. 4 so that it does not include the sub sensor group 32a. As shown in FIG. 5, the touch panel 3b includes only a main sensor group 31a but does not include a sub sensor group 32a. Namely, the touch panel 3b shown in FIG. 5 has a configuration which is not provided with a countermeasure against noises yet. According to this configuration, the touch panel 3b is affected by various kinds of noises. Accordingly, a signal outputted by each sense line 33 includes various kinds of noises, and thus detection sensitivity for a touch operation is impaired.
In order to avoid this, the touch panel system 1a includes, as a measure for removing such the noises, the sub sensor group 32a and the subtracting section 41. With reference to FIG. 6, the following will describe a noise canceling process performed by the touch panel system 1a. FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a noise canceling process, which is a basic process of the touch panel system 1a. 
Upon activation of the touch panel system 1a, the drive line 35 is supplied with an electric potential at a certain interval. When the user performs a touch operation on the touch panel 3a, both of the main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a output signals to the subtracting section 41. Specifically, the user's performing the touch operation increases a capacitance of a specific main sensor 31 corresponding to the touched position. Namely, the user's performing the touch operation increases a value of an output signal supplied from that main sensor 31 (sense line 33). The touch panel system 1a outputs, to the subtracting section 41, output signals supplied from the sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34, while driving the drive lines 35.
To be more specific, a noise such as a clock generated in the display device 2 and other noises coming from the outside are reflected in the touch panel 3a. Therefore, the main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a detect various kinds of noise components. Specifically, the output signal supplied from the main sensor group 31a includes not only a signal derived from the touch operation itself but also a noise signal (noise component). Meanwhile, the sub sensor group 32a is configured not to detect a touch operation. Therefore, the output signal supplied from the sub sensor group 32a includes a noise signal (noise component), but does not include a signal derived from the touch operation (F501).
In the touch panel system 1a, the main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a are provided in the same surface so as to be adjacent to each other. Therefore, (i) a value of a noise signal included in the output signal supplied from the main sensor group 31a and (ii) a value of a noise signal included in the output signal supplied from the sub sensor group 32a can be regarded as being basically the same. In view of this, the subtracting section 41 in the touch panel controller 4 executes an operation for subtracting (i) the input signal (signal value) supplied from the sub sensor group 32a from (ii) the input signal (signal value) supplied from the main sensor group 31a (F502). Namely, the subtracting section 41 finds a difference between each sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34. This removes the noise signal from the output signal supplied from the main sensor group 31a. This provides the signal value derived from the touch operation itself, which signal is generated in response to the touch operation.
The signal thus obtained by the subtracting operation is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42 included in the touch panel controller 4 (F503). Thus, the signal derived from the touch operation itself is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42. According to the signal derived from the touch operation itself, the coordinates detecting section 42 detects (i) the presence or absence of a touch operation and (ii) a touched position (coordinates). With this configuration, it is possible to prevent impairment in detection sensitivity of the coordinates detecting section 42 (e.g., detection accuracy as to the presence or absence of a touch operation, detection sensitivity as to a touched position).
Note that, according to the touch panel system 1a, an output signal of the sense line 33 provided with the specific main sensor 31 corresponding to the touched position has a waveform as shown in (a) of FIG. 3, whereas an output signal of the sub sensor group 32a (sub sense line 34) has a waveform as shown in (b) of FIG. 3. The subtracting section 41 subtracts, from the output signal supplied from the main sensor group 31a, the output signal supplied from the sub sensor group 32a. As shown in (c) of FIG. 3, this subtracting operation removes, from the output signal supplied from the main sensor group 31a, the noise component outputted by the sub sensor group 32a. This provides the signal derived from the touch operation itself, which signal is generated in response to the touch operation. Furthermore, since the coordinates detecting section 42 is supplied with the signal derived from the touch operation itself, detection accuracy for a touch operation is not impaired. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a difference between (i) the actual touched position and (ii) the detected position which is detected by the coordinates detecting section 42.
As described above, while driving the drive lines 35, the touch panel system 1a reads, from the sense line 33, a change in a capacitance value of the main sensor group 31a which change is caused by the touch operation performed by the user. Furthermore, the touch panel system 1a reads a noise component from the sub sense line 34. Moreover, the touch panel system 1a allows the subtracting section 41 to find a difference between the sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34, so as to remove (cancel) the noise component.
The touch panel system 1a includes the main sensor group 31a made of the plurality of main sensors 31 arranged vertically and horizontally in the form of a matrix. Thanks to this configuration, in addition to the same effects as those given by the touch panel system 1, the touch panel system 1a can detect, by the coordinates detecting section 42, coordinates indicative of a touched position. Namely, the touch panel system 1a can detect a touched position (coordinates value) in addition to the presence or absence of a touch operation.
As with the case of the touch panel system 1, for the touch panel system 1a, a noise component which is the subject of removal is not limited to an AC signal component. Accordingly, the touch panel system 1a also can cancel all noises reflected in the touch panel 3a. 
Embodiment 3
(1) Configuration of Touch Panel System 1b 
FIG. 7 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1b according to another embodiment of the present invention. A basic configuration of the touch panel system 1b is substantially the same as that of the touch panel system 1a of Embodiment 2. The following will describe the touch panel system 1b, focusing on differences between the touch panel system 1a and the touch panel system 1b. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those explained in the drawings described in Embodiments 1 and 2 are given the same reference signs, and explanations thereof are omitted here.
A touch panel 3b has the same configuration of that of the touch panel 3a in the touch panel system 1a of Embodiment 2. Namely, the touch panel 3b includes (i) a plurality of drive lines 35 (in FIG. 7, five drive lines 35), (ii) a plurality of sense lines 33 (in FIG. 7, seven sense lines 33) intersecting the drive lines 35, and (iii) one sub sense line 34 which intersects the drive lines 35 at right angles and extends in parallel with the sense lines 33. The sense lines 33 and the drive lines 35 are isolated from each other, and are coupled to each other via capacitances. The sub sense line 34 and the drive lines 35 are isolated from each other, and are coupled to each other via capacitances.
In the following description, eight sense/sub sense arrays, including the one sub sense line 34 and the seven sense lines 33, are referred to as Arrays (1) through (8), respectively.
A touch panel controller 4 includes switches SW, a subtracting section 41, storage sections 45a through 45d, and an adding section 46, which are arranged in this order from an input-receiving side of the touch panel controller 4. Note that the touch panel controller 4 also includes a coordinates detecting section 42 (not illustrated) and a CPU 43 (not illustrated) (FIG. 1). Thus, the touch panel system 1b differs from the touch panel systems 1 and 1a in terms of the configuration of the touch panel controller 4.
The switches SW select, from signals supplied from the sense lines 33 and the sub sense line 34, signals to be supplied to the subtracting section 41. More specifically, each of the switches SW includes two terminals (upper and lower terminals), and selects one of the upper and lower terminals. FIG. 7 shows a state where the switches SW select the lower terminals.
The subtracting section 41 performs difference signal operations on, out of signals supplied from Arrays (1) through (8), signals selected by the switches SW. Specifically, the subtracting section 41 performs difference signal operations between sense lines 33 which are adjacent to each other, and between a sense line 33 and the sub sense line 34 which are adjacent to each other. For example, in a case where the switches SW select the lower terminals as shown in FIG. 7, the subtracting section 41 performs the following difference signal operations: Array (8)−Array (7); Array (6)−Array (5); Array (4) −Array (3); and Array (2)−Array (1). On the other hand, in a case where the switches SW select the upper terminals (not illustrated), the subtracting section 41 performs the following difference signal operations: Array (7)−Array (6); Array (5)−Array (4); and Array (3)−Array (2).
In a case where each of the switches SW selects one of the upper and lower terminals, the storage sections 45a through 45d store signals (difference operation signals) obtained by the difference operations performed by the subtracting section 41. The difference operation signals stored in the storage sections 45a through 45d are outputted to the adding section 46. On the other hand, in a case where each of the switches SW selects the other one of the upper and lower terminals, difference operation signals are directly outputted to the adding section 46, not via the storage sections 45a through 45d. 
The adding section 46 adds up the difference operation signals each of which is obtained from the sense lines 33 adjacent to each other and which are supplied from the subtracting section 41 and the storage sections 45a through 45d. Thereafter, the adding section 46 outputs a result of the adding operation. Further, the adding section 46 outputs the difference operation signal (Array (2)−Array (1)) which is obtained from the sub sense line 34 and the sense line 33 adjacent to the sub sense line 34 and which is stored in the storage section 45a. Ultimately, the adding section 46 outputs signals obtained by the following operations: Array (2)−Array (1); Array (3)−Array (1); Array (4)−Array (1); Array (5)−Array (1); Array (6)−Array (1); Array (7)−Array (1); and Array (8)−Array (1). Namely, each signal outputted by the adding section 46 is such a signal from which the noise signal (corresponding to the signal of Array (1)) included in the sense lines 33 has been removed. Furthermore, the subtracting section 41 has performed the difference signal operation between the sense lines 33 adjacent to each other. This allows the adding section 46 to output the signals from which the noise signals have been more reliably removed.
(2) Noise Processing Performed by Touch Panel System 1b 
With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the following will describe noise processing performed by the touch panel system 1b. FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a noise canceling process, which is a basic process of the touch panel system 1b. 
Upon activation of the touch panel system 1b, the drive line 35 is supplied with an electric potential at a certain interval. The user's performing a touch operation on the touch panel 3b increases a capacitance of a specific sense line 33 corresponding to the touched position. Namely, the user's performing the touch operation on the touch panel 3b increases a value of an output signal supplied from that sense line 33. The touch panel system 1b outputs, to the touch panel controller 4, output signals supplied from the sense lines 33 and the sub sense line 34, while driving the drive lines 35. Thus, while driving the drive lines 35, the touch panel system 1b detects changes in the capacitances of the sense lines 33 and a change in the capacitance of the sub sense line 34, so as to determine the presence or absence of a touch operation and a touched position.
To be more specific, a noise such as a clock generated in the display device 2 and other noises coming from the outside are reflected in the touch panel 3b. Therefore, each of the main sensor group 31a and the sub sensor group 32a detects various kinds of noise components. Specifically, the output signal supplied from the sense line 33 includes not only a signal derived from the touch operation itself but also a noise signal (noise component). Meanwhile, the sub sense line 34 is configured not to detect a touch operation. Therefore, the output signal supplied from the sub sense line 34 includes a noise signal (noise component), but does not include a signal derived from the touch operation (F601).
Next, the switches SW select the lower terminals (F602). Then, the subtracting section 41 finds a difference (sense line (Sn+1)−sense line Sn: a first difference) between a sense line 33 (sense line Sn) and a sense line (sense line Sn+1) which is one of two sense lines 33 adjacent to the certain sense line 33 and is closer to the sub sense line 34 than the other is. In this step, a difference (third difference) between the sub sense line 34 and a sense line 33 which is closer to the sub sense line 34 than any other sense lines 33 is found (F603).
For Arrays (1) through (8) shown in FIG. 7, the subtracting section 41 performs the following four difference signal operations:

    
    
        Array (2)−Array (1) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “A”.)
        Array (4)−Array (3) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “C”.)
        Array (6)−Array (5) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “E”.)
        Array (8)−Array (7) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “G”.)

Namely, in the step F603, the subtracting section 41 performs the difference signal operations on Arrays (1) through (8), which includes the sub sense line 34.

    
    


The difference values A, C, E, and G found by the subtracting section 41 are stored in the storage sections 45a through 45d, respectively. Namely, the storage section 45a stores the difference value A, the storage section 45b stores the difference value C, the storage section 45c stores the difference value E, and the storage section 45d stores the difference value G (F604).
Next, the switches SW selecting the lower terminals are turned to select (close) the upper terminals (F605). Then, the subtracting section 41 performs an operation similar to that of F603. Specifically, the subtracting section 41 performs a difference signal operation (sense line Sn−sense line (Sn−1): a second difference) between the sense line 33 (sense line Sn) and a sense line (sense line Sn−1) which is one of the two sense lines 33 adjacent to the certain sense line 33 and is further away from the sub sense line 34 than the other is (F606).
For Arrays (1) through (8) shown in FIG. 7, the subtracting section 41 performs the following three difference signal operations:

    
    
        Array (3)−Array (2) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “B”.)
        Array (5)−Array (4) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “D”.)
        Array (7)−Array (6) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “F”.)

Namely, in the step F606, the subtracting section 41 performs the difference signal operations on Arrays (2) through (7), which does not include the sub sense line 34.

    
    


Next, the adding section 46 performs an adding operation for adding up (i) the difference values B, D, and F found in the step F606 and (ii) the difference values A, C, E, and G stored in the respective storage sections 45a through 45d. Namely, the adding section 46 adds up (i) the difference values (the difference values A, C, E, and G) found when the lower terminals are selected by the switches SW and (ii) the difference values (the difference values B, D, and F) found when the upper terminals are selected by the switches SW (F607).
In the case of Arrays (1) through (8) shown in FIG. 7, the adding section 46 adds up (i) the difference value A (Array (2)−Array (1) signal) stored in the storage section 45a and (ii) the difference value B (Array (3)−Array (2) signal) outputted by the subtracting section 41. This adding operation is expressed as below:




  
    
      Difference
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      value
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      A
    
    +
    
      Difference
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      value
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      B
    
  
  =
  
    
      
        {
        
          
            Array
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              (
              2
              )
            
          
          -
          
            Array
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              (
              1
              )
            
          
        
        }
      
      +
      
        {
        
          
            Array
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              (
              3
              )
            
          
          -
          
            Array
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              (
              2
              )
            
          
        
        }
      
    
    =
    
      
        Array
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          3
          )
        
      
      -
      
        Array
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          1
          )
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          
            The
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            resulting
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            difference
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            value
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            is
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            referred
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            to
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
                as
                ⁢
                
                  
                
              
              “
            
            ⁢
            difference
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            value
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
                H
                ”
              
              .
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  




This provides an Array (3)−Array (1) signal. The adding section 46 performs such operations sequentially.

Specifically, the adding section 46 adds, to the difference value H (Array (3)−Array (1) signal), the difference value C (Array (4)−Array (3) signal) stored in the storage section 45b. This provides an Array (4)−Array (1) signal (difference value I).
Next, the adding section 46 adds, to the difference value I (Array (4)−Array (1) signal), the difference value D (Array (5)−Array (4) signal) outputted by the subtracting section 41. This provides an Array (5)−Array (1) signal (difference value J).
Next, the adding section 46 adds, to the difference value J (Array (5)−Array (1) signal), the difference value E (Array (6)−Array (5) signal) stored in the storage section 45c. This provides an Array (6)−Array (1) signal (difference value K).
Next, the adding section 46 adds, to the difference value K (Array (6)−Array (1) signal), the difference value F (Array (7)−Array (6) signal) outputted by the subtracting section 41. This provides an Array (7)−Array (1) signal (difference value L).
Next, the adding section 46 adds, to the difference value L (Array (7)−Array (1) signal), the difference value G (Array (8)−Array (7) signal) stored in the storage section 45d. This provides an Array (8)−Array (1) signal (difference value M).
Note that the difference value A (i.e., Array (2)−Array (1) signal) stored in the storage section 45a is outputted without being subjected to any adding operation by the adding section 46.
Thus, the adding section 46 outputs the following signals:

    
    
        Array (2)−Array (1) signal=Difference value A
        Array (3)−Array (1) signal=Difference value H
        Array (4)−Array (1) signal=Difference value I
        Array (5)−Array (1) signal=Difference value J
        Array (6)−Array (1) signal=Difference value K
        Array (7)−Array (1) signal=Difference value L
        Array (8)−Array (1) signal=Difference value M
    
    


In the configuration shown in FIG. 7, Arrays (2) through (8) are the sense lines 33, and Array (1) is the sub sense line 34. As a result of the adding operations performed by the adding section 46, the signal of Array (1) (noise signal) is removed from each of the signals of Arrays (2) through (8). Accordingly, each output signal supplied from the adding section 46 is such a signal from which a noise signal included in the sense line 33 has been removed. Thus, it is possible to provide a signal value derived from a touch operation itself, which signal value is generated in response to the touch operation. Each output signal of the adding section 46, from which the noise signal has been removed, is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42 in the touch panel controller 4. Namely, the signals derived from the touch operation itself are outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42 (F608).
As described above, the touch panel system 1b obtains a difference signal value between sense lines 33 adjacent to each other. Namely, a difference is found between the adjacent sense lines 33, which have a higher correlation in terms of noise. Furthermore, from an output signal supplied from each sense line 33, a signal (noise signal) of the sub sense line 34 is removed. Therefore, as compared with the touch panel systems 1 and 1a of Embodiments 1 and 2, the touch panel system 1b can remove a noise more reliably.
In addition, according to the touch panel system 1b, the adding section 46 sequentially performs adding operations from the sub sense line 34 side (i.e., in the order of increasing distance between a sense line involved in a certain adding operation and the sub-sense line). Therefore, it is possible to remove a noise by performing the adding operations in such a manner that a result of an adding operation is used in a next adding operation.
Embodiment 4
A driving method of a touch panel system of the present invention is not particularly limited. Preferably, the driving method is an orthogonal sequence driving method. In other words, drive lines 35 are preferably parallel driven. FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a driving method of a touch panel which driving method is employed in a conventional touch panel system. FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a driving method (orthogonal sequence driving method) of a touch panel which driving method is employed in a touch panel system of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows one sense line extracted from the touch panel and provided with four sensors. As shown in FIG. 9, the conventional touch panel system drives drive lines in the following manner: +V volt is applied to a drive line which is to be driven, so that the drive lines are driven sequentially.
Specifically, in the first drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the leftmost sensor. This gives the first Vout measurement result (X1) expressed by:

X1=C1×V/Cint 

Similarly, in the second drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the second sensor from the left. This gives the second Vout measurement result (X2) expressed by:

X2=C2×V/Cint 

In the third drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the third sensor from the left. This gives the third Vout measurement result (X3) expressed by:

X3=C3×V/Cint 

In the fourth drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the rightmost sensor. This gives the fourth Vout measurement result (X4) expressed by:

X4=C4×V/Cint 

FIG. 10 shows, as well as FIG. 9, one sense line extracted from the touch panel and provided with four sensors. As shown in FIG. 10, according to the orthogonal sequence driving method, drive lines are driven in such a manner that +V volt or −V volt is applied to all the drive lines. Namely, according to the orthogonal sequence driving method, the drive lines are parallel driven.
Specifically, in the first drive line driving, +V volt is applied to all the sensors. This gives the first Vout measurement result (Y1) expressed by:

Y1=(C1+C2+C3+C4)×V/Cint 

In the second drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the leftmost sensor, −V volt is applied to the second sensor from the left, +V volt is applied to the third sensor from the left, and −V volt is applied to the rightmost sensor. This gives the second Vout measurement result (Y2) expressed by:

Y2=(C1−C2+C3−C4)×V/Cint 

In the third drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the leftmost sensor, +V volt is applied to the second sensor from the left, −V volt is applied to the third sensor from the left, and −V volt is applied to the rightmost sensor. This gives the third Vout measurement result (Y3) expressed by:

Y3=(C1+C2−C3−C4)×V/Cint 

In the fourth drive line driving, +V volt is applied to the leftmost sensor, −V volt is applied to the second sensor from the left, −V volt is applied to the third sensor from the left, and +V volt is applied to the rightmost sensor. This gives the fourth Vout measurement result (Y4) expressed by:

Y4=(C1−C2−C3+C4)×V/Cint 

According to the configuration shown in FIG. 10, capacitance values (C1, C2, C3, C4) can be obtained by an inner product calculation of (i) output sequences (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4) and (ii) orthogonal codes di. Such the formula is established due to orthogonality of the orthogonal code di. Here, the code di indicates codes of positive and/or negative voltages applied to a respective drive line. Specifically, the code dl indicates codes of voltages applied to the leftmost sensor, and is expressed as “+1, +1, +1, +1”. The code d2 indicates codes of voltages applied to the second sensor from the left, and is expressed as “+1, −1, +1, −1”. The code d3 indicates codes of voltages applied to the third sensor from the left, and is expressed as “+1, +1, −1, −1”. The code d4 indicates codes of voltages applied to the rightmost sensor, and is expressed as “+1, −1, −1, +1”.
The values of C1, C2, C3, C4 are found by inner product calculations of (i) the output sequences Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and (ii) the codes d1, d2, d3, d4 as follows:



  
    
      C
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      1
    
    =
    
      
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          1
        
        +
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          2
        
        +
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          3
        
        +
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          4
        
      
      =
      
        4
        ⁢
        C
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        1
        ×
        V
        ⁢
        
          /
        
        ⁢
        Cint
      
    
  




  
    
      C
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      2
    
    =
    
      
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          1
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          2
        
        +
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          3
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          4
        
      
      =
      
        4
        ⁢
        C
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        2
        ×
        V
        ⁢
        
          /
        
        ⁢
        Cint
      
    
  




  
    
      C
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      3
    
    =
    
      
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          1
        
        +
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          2
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          3
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          4
        
      
      =
      
        4
        ⁢
        C
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        3
        ×
        V
        ⁢
        
          /
        
        ⁢
        Cint
      
    
  




  
    
      C
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      4
    
    =
    
      
        
          1
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          1
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          2
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          3
        
        +
        
          
            (
            
              -
              1
            
            )
          
          ×
          Y
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          4
        
      
      =
      
        4
        ⁢
        C
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        3
        ×
        V
        ⁢
        
          /
        
        ⁢
        Cint
      
    
  



Thus, due to the orthogonality of the codes di, Ci are obtained by inner product calculation of the codes di and the output sequences Yi. Now, the result thus obtained is compared with the result obtained by the conventional driving method shown in FIG. 9. In a case where the orthogonal sequence driving method and the conventional driving method perform the same number of driving operations, the orthogonal sequence driving method allows detection of values four times greater than those of the conventional driving method. FIG. 11 is a view illustrating a process which needs to be performed by the touch panel of the driving method of FIG. 9 in order that it achieves sensitivity equivalent to that of the touch panel of the driving method of FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 11, in order that the driving method of FIG. 9 achieves the sensitivity equivalent to that given by the driving method of FIG. 10, the driving method of FIG. 9 needs to drive a certain drive line four times and to sum the results. Namely, according to the driving method of FIG. 9, a driving period for the drive lines is four times longer than that of the driving method of FIG. 10. Conversely, with a driving period for the drive lines which driving period is reduced to one-quarter of that of the driving method shown in FIG. 9, the driving method shown in FIG. 10 achieves sensitivity equivalent to that given by the conventional driving method shown in FIG. 9. Thus, according to the driving method shown in FIG. 10, it is possible to reduce electric power consumption of the touch panel system.
FIG. 12 is a view schematically illustrating a touch panel system 1c including a touch panel 3 driven by such the orthogonal sequence driving method. Specifically, the touch panel system 1c of FIG. 12 is shown with drive lines and sense lines, which correspond to the generalized four drive lines and one sense line of FIG. 10.
Specifically, the touch panel system 1c includes M drive lines 35, L sense lines 33 (each of M and L is a natural number), and capacitances which are formed between the drive lines 35 and the sense lines 33 so as to be arranged in a matrix. The touch panel system 1c performs the following operation: With respect to a matrix Cij (i=1, . . . , M, j=1, . . . , L) of these capacitances, the code di=(di1, . . . , diN) (i=1, . . . , M) is used, which is constituted by “+1” and “−1” being orthogonal to each other and each having a code length N. Consequently, all the M drive lines 35 are driven concurrently in parallel, while applying +V volt in a case of “+1” and applying −V volt in a case of “−1”. Further, capacitance values Cij are estimated by inner product calculation “di·sj=Σ(k=1, . . . , N)dik·sjk”, i.e., inner product calculation of (i) output sequences sj=(sj1, . . . , sjN) (j=1, . . . , L) read from respective sense lines 33 and (ii) the codes di. In order to perform such the inner product calculation, the touch panel system 1c includes an electric charge integrator (calculation section) 47. A strength of an output signal (Vout) supplied from the electric charge integrator 47 is found by:

Vout=Cf×Vdrive×N/Cint 

The output sequence sj is expressed as follows:




  
    
      
        sj
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          
            
              sj
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              1
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            sjN
          
          )
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          
            
              
                Σ
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      k
                      =
                      1
                    
                    ,
                    ...
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ,
                    M
                  
                  )
                
              
              ⁢
              Ckj
              ×
              dk
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              1
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            
              
                Σ
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      k
                      =
                      1
                    
                    ,
                    ...
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ,
                    M
                  
                  )
                
              
              ⁢
              Ckj
              ×
            
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        
          
          ⁢
          dkN
          )
        
        ×
        
          (
          
            V
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            drive
            ⁢
            
              /
            
            ⁢
            Cint
          
          )
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          
            
              Σ
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  
                    k
                    =
                    1
                  
                  ,
                  ...
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ,
                  M
                
                )
              
            
            ⁢
            Ckj
            ×
            
              (
              
                
                  dk
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  1
                
                ,
                ...
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ,
                dkN
              
              )
            
            ×
            
              (
              
                Vdrive
                ⁢
                
                  /
                
                ⁢
                Cint
              
              )
            
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            Σ
            ⁡
            
              (
              
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                ,
                ...
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ,
                M
              
              )
            
          
          ⁢
          
            (
            
              Ckj
              ×
              dk
            
            )
          
          ×
          
            (
            
              V
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              drive
              ⁢
              
                /
              
              ⁢
              Cint
            
            )
          
        
      
    
  




The inner product of the code di and the output sequence sj is expressed as follows:




  
    
      
        
          di
          ·
          sj
        
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          di
          ·
          
            (
            
              
                Σ
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      k
                      =
                      1
                    
                    ,
                    ...
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ,
                    M
                  
                  )
                
              
              ⁢
              
                (
                
                  Ckj
                  ×
                  dk
                
                )
              
              ×
              
                (
                
                  Vdrive
                  ⁢
                  
                    /
                  
                  ⁢
                  Cint
                
                )
              
            
            )
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            Σ
            ⁡
            
              (
              
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                ,
                ...
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ,
                M
              
              )
            
          
          ⁢
          
            (
            
              Ckj
              ×
              
                di
                ·
                dk
              
            
            )
          
          ×
          
            (
            
              Vdrive
              ⁢
              
                /
              
              ⁢
              Cint
            
            )
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            Σ
            ⁡
            
              (
              
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                ,
                ...
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ,
                M
              
              )
            
          
          ⁢
          
            (
            
              Ckj
              ×
              N
              ×
              δ
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              ik
            
            )
          
          ×
          
            (
            
              Vdrive
              ⁢
              
                /
              
              ⁢
              Cint
            
            )
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        
        ⁢
        
          [
          
            
              
                δ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                ik
              
              =
              
                
                  1
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  if
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  i
                
                =
                k
              
            
            ,
            
              0
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              if
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              else
            
          
          ]
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          Cij
          ×
          N
          ×
          
            (
            
              Vdrive
              ⁢
              
                /
              
              ⁢
              Cint
            
            )
          
        
      
    
  




Thus, according to the touch panel system 1c, the touch panel 3 is driven by the orthogonal sequence driving method. Therefore, the following generalization is possible: By finding an inner product of the code di and the output sequence sj, a signal of the capacitance Cij is multiplied by N (code length). This driving method provides an effect that a signal strength of a capacitance is N-folded, regardless of the number of drive lines 35 (i.e., “M”). Conversely, by employing the orthogonal sequence driving method, sensitivity equivalent to that given by the conventional driving method shown in FIG. 9 can be achieved with a driving period for the drive lines which period is reduced to one-Nth of that of the driving method shown in FIG. 9. Namely, employing the orthogonal sequence driving method can reduce the number of times that the drive lines should be driven. This makes it possible to reduce electric power consumption of the touch panel system 1c. 
Embodiment 5
FIG. 13 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1d according to the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1d is configured by employing, in the touch panel system 1b with the noise canceling function shown in FIG. 7, the orthogonal sequence driving method for the drive lines 35 which is shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 and which is employed in the touch panel system 1c. Since the touch panel system 1d operates in the same manner as the above-described touch panel systems 1b and 1c, explanations thereof are omitted here.
According to the touch panel system 1d, a difference signal value is found between sense lines 33 which are adjacent to each other. Namely, a difference is found between the adjacent sense lines 33, which have a higher correlation in terms of noise. Furthermore, from an output signal supplied from each sense line 33, a signal (noise signal) of a sub sense line 34 is removed. Therefore, as compared with the touch panel systems 1 and 1a of Embodiments 1 and 2, the touch panel system 1d can remove a noise more reliably. Moreover, a signal of a capacitance Cij is multiplied by N (code length). This allows a capacitance to have an N-folded signal strength, regardless of the number of drive lines 35. In addition, since the orthogonal sequence driving method is employed, sensitivity equivalent to that given by the conventional driving method shown in FIG. 9 can be achieved with a driving period for the drive lines which period is reduced to one-Nth of that of the driving method shown in FIG. 9. Namely, employing the orthogonal sequence driving method can reduce the number of times that the drive lines should be driven. This makes it possible to reduce electric power consumption of the touch panel system 1d. 
Embodiment 6
FIG. 14 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1e according to the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1e includes a subtracting section 41 having a different configuration.
Each of output signals supplied from a sense line 33 and a sub sense line 34 of a touch panel 3b is an analog signal. Therefore, the subtracting section 41 includes an analog-to-digital converting section (first analog-to-digital converting section) 48 and a digital subtractor (not illustrated).
With this configuration, output signals (analog signals) supplied from the touch panel 3b are converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital converting section 48 of the subtracting section 41. The digital subtractor performs, by use of the digital signals thus converted, subtracting operations in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1b shown in FIG. 7.
Thus, the touch panel system 1e can remove a noise by (i) converting, into digital signals, analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3b and thereafter (ii) performing subtracting operations.
Embodiment 7
FIG. 15 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system if according to the present embodiment. The touch panel system if includes a subtracting section 41 having a different configuration.
Output signals supplied from a sense line 33 and a sub sense line 34 of a touch panel 3b are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41 includes a differential amplifier 49 and an analog-to-digital converting section 48.
With this configuration, in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1b shown in FIG. 7, the differential amplifier 49 performs subtracting operations on output signals (analog signals) supplied from the touch panel 3b, without converting the analog signals into digital signals. The analog-to-digital converting section 48 (second analog-to-digital converting section) converts, into a digital signal, an analog signal thus obtained by the subtracting operations.
Thus, the touch panel system 1f can remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3b, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
Embodiment 8
FIG. 16 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1g according to the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1g includes a subtracting section 41 having a different configuration. The touch panel system 1g includes a total differential amplifier 50 instead of the differential amplifier 49 in the touch panel system 1f shown in FIG. 15.
Output signals supplied from sense lines 33 and a sub sense line 34 of a touch panel 3b are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41 includes a total differential amplifier 50 and an analog-to-digital converting section 48.
With this configuration, in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1b shown in FIG. 7, the total differential amplifier 50 performs subtracting operations on output signals (analog signals) supplied from the touch panel 3b, without converting the analog signals into digital signals. The analog-to-digital converting section 48 converts, into a digital signal, an analog signal thus obtained by the subtracting operations.
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram illustrating one example of the total differential amplifier 50. The total differential amplifier 50 includes two pairs each including a capacitance and a switch, the two pairs being arranged so as to be symmetric to each other with respect to a differential amplifier. Specifically, a non-inverting input terminal (+) and an inverting input terminal (−) of the differential amplifier are supplied with signals from sense lines 33 which are adjacent to each other. A capacitance (feedback capacitance) is provided between an inverting output terminal (−) and the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the differential amplifier so that the capacitance is connected with the inverting output terminal (−) and the non-inverting input terminal (+), and another capacitance (feedback capacitance) is provided between a non-inverting output terminal (+) and the inverting input terminal (−) of the differential amplifier so that said another capacitance is connected with the non-inverting output terminal (+) and the inverting input terminal (−), these capacitances having the same capacitance value. Furthermore, a switch is provided between the inverting output terminal (−) and the non-inverting input terminal (+) so that the switch is connected with the inverting output terminal (−) and the non-inverting input terminal (+), and another switch is provided between the non-inverting output terminal (+) and the inverting input terminal (−) so that said another switch is connected with the non-inverting output terminal (+) and the inverting input terminal (−).
Thus, the touch panel system 1g can remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3b, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
Embodiment 9
FIG. 18 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1h according to the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1h includes (i) a subtracting section 41 having a different configuration and involves (i) a different driving method of a touch panel 3b. The touch panel system 1h includes a total differential amplifier 50 instead of the differential amplifier 49 in the touch panel system if shown in FIG. 15.
Output signals supplied from sense lines 33 and a sub sense line 34 of the touch panel 3b are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41 includes a total differential amplifier 50 and an analog-to-digital converting section 48.
With this configuration, in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1b shown in FIG. 7, the total differential amplifier 50 performs subtracting operations on output signals (analog signals) supplied from the touch panel 3b, without converting the analog signals into digital signals. The analog-to-digital converting section 48 converts, into a digital signal, an analog signal thus obtained by the subtracting operations.
Further, the touch panel system 1h employs, as a driving method for the touch panel 3b, the orthogonal sequence driving method shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13. According to this configuration, as shown in FIG. 10, a voltage for driving four drive lines is applied as follows: In the second driving through the fourth driving, +V is applied twice and −V is also applied twice, i.e., the number of times of application of +V is equal to that of −V. On the other hand, in the first driving, +V is applied four times. Accordingly, an output value of an output sequence Y1 of the first driving is greater than that of each of output sequences Y2 through Y4 of the second driving through the fourth driving. Therefore, applying a dynamic range to the output value of any of the output sequences Y2 through Y4 of the second driving through the fourth driving causes saturation of the output sequence Y1 of the first driving.
In order to address this, the subtracting section 41 of the touch panel system 1h includes the total differential amplifier 50. Further, employed as the total differential amplifier 50 is the one whose input common-mode voltage range is rail to rail. Namely, the total differential amplifier 50 has a wide common-mode input range. Consequently, the total differential amplifier 50 can operate in a voltage range from a power source voltage (Vdd) to GND. Furthermore, a difference between input signals supplied to the total differential amplifier 50 is amplified. Therefore, regardless of the type of the orthogonal sequence driving method employed in the touch panel 3b which is combined with the touch panel system 1h, an output signal from the total differential amplifier 50 is free from the problem of output saturation. Note that one example of the total differential amplifier 50 is as previously described with reference to FIG. 17.
Thus, the touch panel system 1h can remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3b, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal. Furthermore, since the touch panel system 1h includes the total differential amplifier 50 capable of rail-to-rail operation, an output signal from the total differential amplifier 50 is free from the problem of output saturation.
Embodiment 10
In Embodiments 1 through 9, a touch panel system provided with a sub sensor 32 (sub sense line 34) has been described. However, for a touch panel system of the present invention, the sub sensor 32 is not essential. In the present embodiment, a touch panel system not provided with a sub sensor 32 will be described.
FIG. 20 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1i of the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1i includes a subtracting section 41a for finding a difference signal of sense lines 33 adjacent to each other.
More specifically, a touch panel 3c includes a plurality of (in FIG. 20, five) drive lines 35 and a plurality of (in FIG. 20, eight) sense lines 33 intersecting the drive lines 35. The sense lines 33 and the drive lines 35 are isolated from each other, and the sense lines 33 and the drive lines 35 are coupled to each other via capacitances.
A touch panel controller 4 includes switches SW, the subtracting section 41a, storage sections 45a through 45d, which are arranged in this order from an input-receiving side of the touch panel controller 4. Note that the touch panel controller 4 also includes a coordinates detecting section 42 (not illustrated) and a CPU 43 (not illustrated) (see FIG. 1).
The subtracting section 41a includes input terminals (input terminals for outputs of main sensors) for receiving signals outputted by main sensors 31. The subtracting section 41a receives the signals from the main sensors 31. Then, the subtracting section 41a subtracts one of adjacent sense lines 33 from the other of the adjacent sense lines 33, so as to find a difference value (difference signal). The signal thus obtained as a result of the subtracting operation by the subtracting section 41a is outputted to the coordinates detecting section 42 (see FIG. 1).
Thus, the touch panel system 1i differs from the touch panel systems of the above-described embodiments in terms of that the touch panel system 1i is not provided with a sub sensor 32 (sub sense line 34) and the subtracting section 41a performs a different operation.
The switches SW select, from signals supplied from the sense lines 33, signals to be supplied to the subtracting section 41a. More specifically, each of the switches SW includes two terminals (upper and lower terminals), and selects one of the upper and lower terminals. FIG. 20 shows a state where the switches SW select the lower terminals.
The subtracting section 41a performs difference signal operations on, out of signals supplied from Arrays (1) through (8), signals selected by the switches SW. Specifically, the subtracting section 41a performs a difference signal operation between sense lines 33 which are adjacent to each other. For example, in a case where the switches SW select the lower terminals as shown in FIG. 20, the subtracting section 41a performs the following signal operations: Array (8)−Array (7); Array (6)−Array (5); Array (4)−Array (3); and Array (2)−Array (1). On the other hand, in a case where the switches SW select the upper terminals (not illustrated), the subtracting section 41a performs the following difference signal operations: Array (7)−Array (6); Array (5)−Array (4); and Array (3)−Array (2).
In a case where each of the switches SW selects one of the upper and lower terminals, the storage sections 45a through 45d store signals (difference operation signals) obtained by the difference operations performed by the subtracting section 41a. On the other hand, in a case where each of the switches SW selects the other one of the upper and lower terminals, difference operation signals are directly outputted, not via the storage sections 45a through 45d. 
(2) Noise Processing Performed by Touch Panel System 1i 
With reference to FIGS. 20 and 21, the following will describe noise processing performed by the touch panel system 1i. FIG. 21 is a flow chart illustrating a noise canceling process, which is a basic process of the touch panel system 1i. 
Upon activation of the touch panel system 1i, the drive line 35 is supplied with an electric potential at a certain interval. The user's performing a touch operation on the touch panel 3c changes a capacitance of a specific sense line 33 corresponding to the touched position. Namely, the user's performing the touch operation on the touch panel 3c changes a value of an output signal supplied from that sense line 33. The touch panel system 1i outputs, to the touch panel controller 4, output signals from the sense lines 33, while driving the drive lines 35. Thus, while driving the drive lines 35, the touch panel system 1i detects a change in the capacitance of the sense line 33, so as to determine the presence or absence of a touch operation and a touched position.
To be more specific, a noise such as a clock generated in the display device 2 and other noises coming from the outside are reflected in the touch panel 3c. Therefore, a main sensor group 31b detects various kinds of noise components. Specifically, the output signal supplied from the sense line 33 includes not only a signal derived from the touch operation itself but also a noise signal (noise component) (F701).
Next, the switches SW select the lower terminals (F702). Then, the subtracting section 41a finds a difference (sense line (Sn+1)−sense line Sn: a first difference) between a sense line 33 (sense line Sn) and a sense line (sense line Sn+1) which is one of two sense lines 33 adjacent to the certain sense line 33 (F703).
For Arrays (1) through (8) shown in FIG. 20, the subtracting section 41a performs the following four difference signal operations:

    
    
        Array (2)−Array (1) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “A”.)
        Array (4)−Array (3) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “C”.)
        Array (6)−Array (5) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “E”.)
        Array (8)−Array (7) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “G”.)
    
    


Namely, in the step F703, the subtracting section 41a performs the difference signal operations on Arrays (1) through (8) of the sense lines 33.
The difference values A, C, E, and G found by the subtracting section 41a are stored in the storage sections 45a through 45d, respectively. Namely, the storage section 45a stores the difference value A, the storage section 45b stores the difference value C, the storage section 45c stores the difference value E, and the storage section 45d stores the difference value G (F704).
Next, the switches SW selecting the lower terminals are turned to select (close) the upper terminals (F705). Then, the subtracting section 41a performs an operation similar to that of F703. Specifically, the subtracting section 41a performs a difference signal operation (sense line Sn−(Sn−1): a second difference) between the sense line 33 (sense line Sn) and a sense line (sense line Sn−1) which is the other one of the two sense lines 33 adjacent to the certain sense line 33 (F706).
For Arrays (1) through (8) shown in FIG. 20, the subtracting section 41a performs the following three difference signal operations:

    
    
        Array (3)−Array (2) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “B”.)
        Array (5)−Array (4) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “D”.)
        Array (7)−Array (6) (The resulting difference value is referred to as “F”.)
    
    


Namely, in the step F706, the subtracting section 41a performs the difference signal operations on Arrays (2) through (7).
As described above, the touch panel system 1i obtains a difference signal value between sense lines 33 adjacent to each other. Namely, a difference is found between the adjacent sense lines 33, which have a higher correlation in terms of noise. This removes the noise component from the output signal supplied from the main sensor group 31b, thereby extracting the signal derived from the touch operation itself. This makes it possible to reliably remove (cancel) a wide variety of noises reflected in the touch panel 3
Embodiment 11
FIG. 22 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1j of the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1j is configured by employing, in the above-described touch panel system 1i having the noise canceling function shown in FIG. 20, a drive line driving circuit (not illustrated) for parallel driving the drive lines 35. Further, the touch panel system 1j includes (i) a decoding section 58 for decoding difference values of capacitances which difference values are found by a subtracting section 41a, (ii) a non-touch operation information storage section 61 for storing a distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section 58 when no touch operation is performed, and (iii) a calibration section 62 for calibrating a distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section 58 when a touch operation is performed. Since the touch panel system 1j operates in the same manner as the above-described touch panel system 1i, explanations thereof are omitted here. The following descriptions focus on processes performed by the subtracting section 41a, the decoding section 58, the non-touch operation information storage section 61, and the calibration section 62. Further, the following descriptions deal with an example where orthogonal sequences or M sequences are used as code sequences for parallel driving.
Concretely, assume that code sequences (a component is 1 or −1) for parallel driving the first drive line through the Mth drive line are as follows:




  
    
      
        
          d
          1
        
        =
        
          (
          
            
              d
              11
            
            ,
            
              d
              12
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            
              d
              
                1
                ⁢
                N
              
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        
          d
          2
        
        =
        
          (
          
            
              d
              21
            
            ,
            
              d
              22
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            
              d
              
                2
                ⁢
                N
              
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  
  
    
      ⋮
    
  
  
    
      
        
          d
          M
        
        =
        
          (
          
            
              d
              
                M
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                1
              
            
            ,
            
              d
              
                M
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                2
              
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            
              d
              MN
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  




Hereinafter, the code sequences are assumed as orthogonal sequences or M sequences each having a code length N (=2^n−1), having been shifted. Such sequences have a nature of establishing the following formula:





  
    
      d
      i
    
    ·
    
      d
      j
    
  
  =
  
    
      
        ∑
        
          k
          =
          1
        
        N
      
      ⁢
      
        
      
      ⁢
      
        
          d
          ik
        
        ×
        
          d
          jk
        
      
    
    =
    
      N
      ×
      
        δ
        ij
      
    
  




where if d1 to dM is an orthogonal sequence, δij=1 if i=j, 0 if i≠j,
if d1 to dM is an M sequence, δij=1 if i=j, −1/N if i≠j.
Difference output sequences “Sj,P (j=1, . . . , [L/2], P=1, 2) (L indicates the number of sense lines 33, [n]=an integer part of n)” of sense lines 33, which difference output sequences correspond to the aforementioned sequences, are defined as follows:
Sj,1: An output sequence for d1 through dM when the switches SW select the lower terminals.
Sj,2: An output sequence for d1 through dM when the switches SW select the upper terminals.
Further, a distribution of differences “(∂sC)kj,P (k=1, . . . , M; j=1, . . . , [L/2]; P=1, 2)” of capacitance values in a direction in which each of the drive lines 35 extends (in a direction in which the sense lines 33 are arranged) is defined as follows:

(∂sC)kj,1=Ck,2j−Ck,2j−1 

(∂sC)k,2j=Ck,2j+1−Ck,2j 

In this case, a difference output of capacitances in the direction in which each of the drive lines 35 extends obtained by parallel driving is as follows:




  
    
      
        
          S
          
            j
            ,
            p
          
        
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          
            
              s
              
                
                  j
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  1
                
                ,
                p
              
            
            ,
            
              s
              
                
                  j
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  2
                
                ,
                p
              
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            
              s
              
                jN
                ,
                p
              
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          (
          
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                M
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  
                    (
                    
                      
                        ∂
                        s
                      
                      ⁢
                      C
                    
                    )
                  
                  
                    kj
                    ,
                    p
                  
                
                ×
                
                  d
                  
                    k
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    1
                  
                
              
            
            ,
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                N
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  
                    (
                    
                      
                        ∂
                        s
                      
                      ⁢
                      C
                    
                    )
                  
                  
                    kj
                    ,
                    p
                  
                
                ×
                
                  d
                  
                    k
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    2
                  
                
              
            
            ,
            ...
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ,
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                N
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  
                    (
                    
                      
                        ∂
                        s
                      
                      ⁢
                      C
                    
                    )
                  
                  
                    kj
                    ,
                    p
                  
                
                ×
              
            
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        
          
          ⁢
          
            d
            kN
          
          )
        
        ×
        
          (
          
            
              V
              drive
            
            ⁢
            
              /
            
            ⁢
            
              C
              INT
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        =
        
        ⁢
        
          
            (
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                M
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  
                    (
                    
                      
                        ∂
                        s
                      
                      ⁢
                      C
                    
                    )
                  
                  
                    kj
                    ,
                    p
                  
                
                ×
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      d
                      
                        k
                        ⁢
                        
                          
                        
                        ⁢
                        1
                      
                    
                    ,
                    
                      d
                      
                        k
                        ⁢
                        
                          
                        
                        ⁢
                        2
                      
                    
                    ,
                    ...
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ,
                    
                      d
                      kN
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
            
            )
          
          ×
          
            (
            
              
                V
                drive
              
              ⁢
              
                /
              
              ⁢
              
                C
                INT
              
            
            )
          
        
      
    
  
  
    
      
        
          
            =
            
            ⁢
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                M
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  
                    (
                    
                      
                        ∂
                        s
                      
                      ⁢
                      C
                    
                    )
                  
                  
                    kj
                    ,
                    p
                  
                
                ×
                
                  d
                  k
                
              
            
          
          )
        
        ×
        
          (
          
            
              V
              drive
            
            ⁢
            
              /
            
            ⁢
            
              C
              INT
            
          
          )
        
      
    
  




The decoding section 58 decodes the difference values of the capacitances which differences value are found by the subtracting section 41a (i.e., the distribution of differences between the capacitance values in the direction in which each of the drive lines 35 extends). Specifically, the decoding section 58 finds inner products of (i) the code sequences for parallel driving the drive lines 35 and (ii) the difference output sequences of sense lines 33, which difference output sequences correspond to the aforementioned sequences. Therefore, an inner product value decoded by the decoding section 58 is expressed as follows:



  
    
      
        
          
            
              d
              i
            
            ·
            
              s
              
                j
                ,
                P
              
            
          
          =
          
          ⁢
          
            
              d
              i
            
            ⁢
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  1
                
                N
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      
                        (
                        
                          
                            ∂
                            s
                          
                          ⁢
                          C
                        
                        )
                      
                      
                        kj
                        ,
                        P
                      
                    
                    ×
                    
                      d
                      k
                    
                  
                  )
                
                ×
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      V
                      drive
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      /
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      C
                      INT
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        
          =
          
          ⁢
          
            
              ∑
              
                k
                =
                1
              
              N
            
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
                (
                
                  
                    
                      (
                      
                        
                          ∂
                          s
                        
                        ⁢
                        C
                      
                      )
                    
                    
                      kj
                      ,
                      P
                    
                  
                  ×
                  
                    
                      d
                      i
                    
                    ·
                    
                      d
                      k
                    
                  
                
                )
              
              ×
              
                (
                
                  
                    V
                    drive
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    /
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    C
                    INT
                  
                
                )
              
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        
          =
          
          ⁢
          
            
              ∑
              
                k
                =
                1
              
              N
            
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
                (
                
                  
                    
                      (
                      
                        
                          ∂
                          s
                        
                        ⁢
                        C
                      
                      )
                    
                    
                      kj
                      ,
                      P
                    
                  
                  ×
                  N
                  ×
                  
                    δ
                    ik
                  
                
                )
              
              ×
              
                (
                
                  
                    V
                    drive
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    /
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    C
                    INT
                  
                
                )
              
            
          
        
      
    
  




  where




  
    
      
        
          d
          i
        
        ·
        
          d
          j
        
      
      =
      
        
          
            ∑
            
              k
              =
              1
            
            N
          
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          
            
              d
              ik
            
            ×
            
              d
              jk
            
          
        
        =
        
          N
          ×
          
            δ
            ij
          
        
      
    
    ,
  



and

if d1 to dM is an orthogonal sequence, δij=1 if i=j, 0 if i≠j
if d1 to dM is an M sequence, δij=1 if i=j, −1/N if i≠j.
Thus, the decoding section 58 finds, as a main component of the decoded inner product value d1·sj,P, an N-folded distribution of differences (∂sC)kj,P between the capacitance values in the direction in which each of the drive lines 35 extends. Accordingly, by regarding an estimate value of the distribution of differences (∂sC)ij,P between the capacitance values in the direction in which each of the drive lines extends as the inner product value di·sj,P, it is possible to read signal strengths of the capacitance values which signal strengths have been multiplied by N (i.e., multiplied by a code length).
Meanwhile, as described above, by defining the difference output sequences Sj,P (P=1, 2) of the sense lines 33, a common mode noise superimposed in common on sense lines 33 adjacent to each other is canceled. This makes it possible to read a difference capacitance with a high SNR.
As described above, according to the touch panel system 1j, the touch panel 3c is parallel driven, and the decoding section 58 decodes the values of the differences between the capacitances which values are found by the subtracting section 41a. Consequently, signals of the capacitances are multiplied by a code length (i.e., multiplied by N). Therefore, signal strengths of the capacitances are increased, regardless of the number of drive lines 35. Further, provided that necessary signal strengths are merely equal to those of the conventional driving method shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to reduce a driving period for the drive lines 35 to one-Nth of that of the driving method shown in FIG. 9. Namely, it is possible to reduce the number of times that the drive lines 35 should be driven. This makes it possible to reduce electric power consumption of the touch panel system 1j. 
Preferably, the touch panel system 1j is configured such that the calibration section 62 subtracts (i) differences between respective pairs of the sense lines 33 adjacent to each other (=a distribution of difference values in the entire touch panel) which differences are found when no touch operation is performed from (ii) differences between the respective pairs of the sense lines 33 adjacent to each other (i.e., a distribution of difference values in the entire touch panel 3c) which differences are found when a touch operation is performed. Namely, it is preferable that (i) such the difference signal operation is performed before and after a touch operation and (ii) subtraction is performed between difference value signals obtained before and after the touch operation. For example, the non-touch operation information storage section 61 stores an estimated value of a distribution of differences (∂sC)kj,P found in an initial state where no touch operation is performed (when no touch operation is performed). Then, the calibration section 62 subtracts (i) the estimated value of the distribution of the differences (∂sC)kj,P found when no touch operation is performed, which estimated value is stored in the non-touch operation information storage section 61, from (ii) an estimated value of a distribution of differences (∂sC)kj found when a touch operation is performed. Thus, the calibration section 62 subtracts (i) the distribution of the differences between capacitances found when no touch operation is performed which distribution is stored in the non-touch operation information storage section from (ii) the distribution of differences between the capacitances found when a touch operation is performed (i.e., the difference value signal found when a touch operation is performed−the difference value signal found when no touch operation is performed). This makes it possible to cancel an offset inherent in the touch panel 3c. 
Thus, the touch panel system 1j is free from a difference component resulting from a variation in capacitances which variation is inherent in the touch panel 3c. Consequently, only a difference component resulting from the touch operation is detected. In the case of the M sequence, an error component (δij=−1/N if else i≠j) mixes therein, which does not occur in the case of the orthogonal sequence. However, this error component results only from the touch operation. Therefore, if N is increased (e.g., N=63 or 127), a degree of deterioration of SNR becomes smaller.
Embodiment 12
FIG. 23 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1k of the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1k includes a subtracting section 41a having a different configuration.
Output signals supplied from sense lines 33 of a touch panel 3c are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41a includes an analog-to-digital converting section (third analog-to-digital converting section) 48a and a digital subtractor (not illustrated).
With this configuration, output signals (analog signals) supplied from the touch panel 3c are converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital converting section 48a of the subtracting section 41a. The digital subtractor performs, by use of the digital signals thus converted, subtracting operations in the same manner as in the touch panel systems 1i and 1j shown in FIG. 20.
Thus, the touch panel system 1k can remove a noise by (i) converting, into digital signals, analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3c and thereafter (ii) performing subtracting operations.
Embodiment 13
FIG. 24 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1m of the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1m includes a subtracting section 41a having a different configuration.
Output signals supplied from sense lines 33 of a touch panel 3c are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41a includes a differential amplifier 49 and an analog-to-digital converting section 48a (fourth analog-to-digital converting section).
With this configuration, in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1i shown in FIG. 20, the differential amplifier 49 performs subtracting operations on output signals (analog signals) supplied from the touch panel 3c, without converting the analog signals into digital signals. The analog-to-digital converting section 48a converts, into a digital signal, an analog signal thus obtained by the subtracting operations.
Thus, the touch panel system 1m can remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3c, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
Embodiment 14
FIG. 25 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system 1n of the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1n includes a subtracting section 41a having a different configuration. The touch panel system 1n includes a total differential amplifier 50 instead of the differential amplifier 49 in the touch panel system 1m shown in FIG. 24.
Output signals supplied from sense lines 33 of a touch panel 3c are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41a includes the total differential amplifier 50 and an analog-to-digital converting section 48a. 
With this configuration, in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1i shown in FIG. 20, the total differential amplifier 50 performs subtracting operations on output signals (analog signals) from the touch panel 3c, without converting the analog signals into digital signals. The analog-to-digital converting section 48a converts, into a digital signal, an analog signal thus obtained by the subtracting operations.
Thus, the touch panel system 1n can remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3c, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
Embodiment 15
FIG. 26 is a view schematically illustrating a basic configuration of a touch panel system to of the present embodiment. The touch panel system 1o includes a subtracting section 41a having a different configuration. The touch panel system 10 includes a total differential amplifier 50 instead of the differential amplifier 49 in the touch panel system 1m shown in FIG. 26.
Output signals supplied from sense lines 33 of a touch panel 3c are analog signals. Therefore, the subtracting section 41a includes the total differential amplifier 50 and an analog-to-digital converting section 48a. 
With this configuration, in the same manner as in the touch panel system 1i shown in FIG. 20, the total differential amplifier 50 performs subtracting operations on output signals (analog signals) from the touch panel 3c, without converting the analog signals into digital signals. The analog-to-digital converting section 48a converts, into a digital signal, an analog signal thus obtained by the subtracting operations.
Further, the touch panel system 1o employs, as a driving method for the touch panel 3c, the orthogonal sequence driving method shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 22. According to this configuration, as shown in FIG. 10, a voltage for driving four drive lines is applied as follows: In the second driving through the fourth driving, +V is applied twice and −V is also applied twice, i.e., the number of times of application of +V is equal to that of −V. On the other hand, in the first driving, +V is applied four times. Accordingly, an output value of an output sequence Y1 of the first driving is greater than that of each of output sequences Y2 through Y4 of the second driving through the fourth driving. Therefore, adding a dynamic range to the output values of the output sequences Y2 through Y4 of the second driving through the fourth driving causes saturation of the output sequence Y1 of the first driving.
In order to address this, the subtracting section 41a of the touch panel system to includes the total differential amplifier 50.
Further, employed as the total differential amplifier 50 is the one whose input common-mode voltage range is rail to rail. Namely, the total differential amplifier 50 has a wide common-mode input range. Consequently, the total differential amplifier 50 can operate in a voltage range from a power source voltage (Vdd) to GND. Furthermore, a difference between input signals supplied to the total differential amplifier 50 is amplified. Therefore, regardless of the type of the orthogonal sequence driving method employed in the touch panel 3c which is combined with the touch panel system 1o, an output signal from the total differential amplifier 50 is free from the problem of output saturation. Note that one example of the total differential amplifier 50 is as previously described with reference to FIG. 17.
Thus, the touch panel system 1o can remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel 3c, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal. Furthermore, since the touch panel system to includes the total differential amplifier 50 capable of rail-to-rail operation, an output signal from the total differential amplifier 50 is free from the problem of output saturation.
Embodiment 16
Next, the following will describe a method for detecting a touch operation, which method is employed in the touch panel systems of the above-described embodiments. The following descriptions deal with, as an example, the touch panel system 1j of FIG. 22. However, the touch panel systems of other embodiments perform the same operation. The touch panel system 1j includes a judging section 59 for determining the presence or absence of a touch operation based on a comparison of (i) a difference between signals of sense lines 33 adjacent to each other which difference is found by the subtracting section 41a and the decoding section 58, and (ii) positive and negative threshold values. Note that the judging section 59 is supplied with (i) a signal (a distribution of differences between capacitances) having been subjected to a calibration process by the calibration section 62 or (ii) a signal (a distribution of differences between capacitances) having not been subjected to a calibration process by the calibration section 62. In the case where the signal having not been subjected to the calibration process by the calibration section 62 is inputted to the judging section 59, a distribution of differences between the capacitances which distribution has been decoded by the decoding section 58 is directly inputted to the judging section 59. The following will describe the case where the signal having not been subjected to the calibration process by the calibration section 62 is inputted to the judging section 59. However, the same operation is performed also in the case where the signal having been subjected to the calibration process is inputted to the judging section 59.
FIG. 27 is a flow chart illustrating a basic process of the judging section 59 in the touch panel system 1j shown in FIG. 22. FIG. 28 is a view schematically illustrating a method of recognizing touch information in the flow chart shown in FIG. 27.
As shown in FIG. 27, the judging section 59 first obtains values of differences in signal between respective pairs of sense lines adjacent to each other (difference information) “(δsC)ij,P” which values are found by the subtracting section 41a and the decoding section 59 (F801). Next, the judging section 59 compares the values of the differences with a positive threshold value THp and a negative threshold value THm, each of which is stored in the judging section 59, so as to create an increase and decrease table (F802). This increase and decrease table is, for example, a ternary increase and decrease table as shown in (a) of FIG. 28.
Next, the ternary increase and decrease table is converted into a binary image (i.e., binarized) (F803). For example, in a case where the increase and decrease table shown in (a) of FIG. 28 is scanned in the order from a sense line S1 to a sense line S7 (in a direction toward the right in FIG. 28), the following operation is carried out: In the increase and decrease table, if the value “+” is scanned, the value therein and subsequent value(s) are all converted into “1” until the value “−” is scanned next. Meanwhile, if the value “−” is scanned, the scanning is performed in a direction opposite to the scanning direction (in a direction toward the left in FIG. 28) and the value therein is surely converted into “1”. In this manner, binarized data as shown in (b) of FIG. 28 is obtained.
Next, in order to extract touch information from the binarized data, a connected component is extracted (F804). For example, in (b) of FIG. 28, if the values “1” are arranged side by side on drive lines adjacent to each other and on a single sense line, (i) a connected component including one of such the values “1” and (ii) a connected component including the other one of such the values “1” are regarded as a single connected component, which is set as a candidate of a touched position. Namely, each of the boxed parts including the values “1” in (c) of FIG. 28 is regarded as a single connected component, and is extracted as a candidate of a touched position.
Lastly, based on the extracted candidates of the touched position, touch information (the size, position, etc. of the touch) is recognized (F805).
Thus, based on a difference between signals of sense lines 33 adjacent to each other from which difference a noise signal has been removed, the judging section 59 determines the presence or absence of a touch operation. This makes it possible to accurately determine the presence or absence of the touch operation.
Furthermore, in the above-described example, based on a comparison of (i) the differences in signals between the respective pairs of sense lines 33 adjacent to each other which differences are found by the subtracting section 41a and (ii) the positive and negative threshold values (THp, THm), the judging section 59 creates the increase and decrease table indicating, in ternary, the distribution of the differences in signal between the sense lines 33, and converts the increase and decrease table into the binary image. Namely, the differences in signals between the respective pairs of sense lines 33 adjacent to each other from which differences the noise signal has been removed are inputted to the judging section 59. The judging section 59 compares (i) the differences in signals between the respective pairs of sense lines 33 adjacent to each other and (ii) the positive and negative threshold values (THp, THm) stored in the judging section 59, so as to create the increase and decrease table indicating, in ternary, the distribution of the differences in signal between the sense lines 33. Further, the judging section 59 binarizes the increase and decrease table, so that the increase and decrease table is converted into the binary image. Consequently, from the binary image thus converted, the candidates of the touched position are extracted. Thus, by recognizing the touch information (the size, position, etc. of the touch) based on the binary image, it is possible not only to determine the presence or absence of the touch operation but also to recognize the touch information more accurately.
Embodiment 17
FIG. 29 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration of a mobile phone 10 including a touch panel system 1. The mobile phone (electronic device) 10 includes a CPU 51, a RAM 53, a ROM 52, a camera 54, a microphone 55, a speaker 56, an operation key 57, and the touch panel system 1. These elements are connected with each other via data bus.
The CPU 51 controls operation of the mobile phone 10. The CPU 51 executes, for example, a program stored in the ROM 52. The operation key 57 receives an instruction entered by a user of the mobile phone 10. The RAM 53 stores, in a volatile manner, data generated as a result of the CPU 51's executing the program or data inputted via the operation key 57. The ROM 52 stores data in an involatile manner.
Further, the ROM 52 is a ROM into which data can be written and from which data can be deleted, for example, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) or a flash memory. The mobile phone 10 may be configured to include an interface (IF) (not illustrated in FIG. 29) which allows the mobile phone 10 to be connected with another electronic device via a wire.
The camera 54 takes an image of a subject in response to the user's operation on the operation key 57. The obtained image data of the subject is stored in the RAM 53 or an external memory (e.g., a memory card). The microphone accepts an inputted voice of the user. The mobile phone 10 binarizes the inputted voice (analog data). Then, the mobile phone 10 transmits the binarized voice to a receiver (e.g., to another mobile phone). The speaker 56 outputs, for example, sounds based on music data stored in the RAM 53.
The touch panel system 1 includes a touch panel 3, a touch panel controller 4, a drive line driving circuit 5, and a display device 2. The CPU 51 controls operation of the touch panel system 1. The CPU 51 executes, for example, a program stored in the ROM 52. The RAM 53 stores, in a volatile manner, data generated as a result of the CPU 51's executing the program. The ROM 52 stores data in an involatile manner.
The display device 2 displays an image stored in the ROM 52 or the RAM 53. The display device 2 is stacked on the touch panel 3 or includes the touch panel 3.
The touch panel system of each of the embodiments as has been described can further include a capacitive touch sensor panel 3d described below.
An embodiment for a capacitive touch sensor panel 3d of the present invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 30 through 52.
Embodiment 18
The description below deals first with an overall arrangement of a touch panel system 1p including the capacitive touch sensor panel 3d, and then with an arrangement of the touch sensor panel 3d itself.
(Overall Arrangement of Touch Panel System 1p)
FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the touch panel system 1p of Embodiment 18. The touch panel system 1p includes a touch panel 3d and a capacitance value distribution detecting circuit 22. The touch panel 3d includes: a plurality of horizontal electrodes 7 (see FIGS. 31 and 33) extending parallel to one another in the horizontal direction; a plurality of vertical electrodes 6 (see FIGS. 31 and 32) extending parallel to one another in the vertical direction; and capacitances formed at respective intersections of the horizontal electrodes 7 with the vertical electrodes 6.
The horizontal electrodes 7 are connected to respective address lines HL1 to HLM, whereas the vertical electrodes 6 are connected to respective address lines VL1 to VLM.
The capacitance value distribution detecting circuit 22 includes a driver 16. The driver 16 applies voltages to the respective horizontal electrodes 7 through the respective address lines HL1 to HLM on the basis of a code sequence to drive the individual capacitances. The capacitance value distribution detecting circuit 22 further includes a sense amplifier 17. The sense amplifier 17 reads out, through the respective vertical electrodes 6 and the respective address lines VL1 to VLM, linear sums of electric charge corresponding to the individual capacitances driven by the driver 16, and supplies the linear sums to an AD converter 19. The AD converter 19 carries out an AD conversion of the linear sums, having been read out through the respective address lines VL1 to VLM, of electric charge corresponding to the individual capacitances, and supplies a resulting signal to a capacitance distribution calculating section 20.
The present embodiment of the present invention describes an example of (i) applying voltages to the respective horizontal electrodes to drive them and (ii) reading out voltage signals from the respective vertical electrodes. The present invention is, however, not limited to such an arrangement. The present embodiment may alternatively be arranged to (i) apply voltages to the respective vertical electrodes to drive them and (ii) read out voltage signals from the respective horizontal electrodes.
The capacitance distribution calculating section 20 calculates a capacitance distribution over the touch panel 3d on the basis of (i) the linear sums, having been supplied from the AD converter 19, of electric charge corresponding to the individual capacitances and (ii) the code sequence, and thus supplies a result of the calculation to a touch recognizing section 21. The touch recognizing section 21, on the basis of the capacitance distribution supplied from the capacitance distribution calculating section 20, recognizes the position on a surface of the touch panel 3d at which position the touch panel has been touched.
The capacitance value distribution detecting circuit 22 further includes a timing generator 18. The timing generator 18 generates (i) a signal that regulates the operation of the driver 16, (ii) a signal that regulates the operation of the sense amplifier 17, and (iii) a signal that regulates the operation of the AD converter 19. The timing generator 18 thus supplies such respective signals to the driver 16, the sense amplifier 17, and the AD converter 19.
(Configuration of Touch Sensor Panel 3d)
FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the touch panel 3d, which is included in the touch panel system 1p. The touch panel 3d includes: a substrate 203 (insulator); a plurality of vertical electrodes 6 provided on a first surface 204 (vertical electrode surface) of the substrate 203; and a plurality of horizontal electrodes 7 provided on a second surface 205 (horizontal electrode surface) of the substrate 203.
The substrate 203 is an insulating dielectric substrate. The substrate 203 is disposed between the vertical electrodes 6 and the horizontal electrodes 7 to insulate the vertical electrodes 6 from the horizontal electrodes 7. The substrate 203 is provided with, on the side of the vertical electrodes 6, a transparent adhesive 13 that covers the vertical electrodes 6. The transparent adhesive 13 is provided with a cover film 15 adhered to a surface thereof. The substrate 203 is provided with, on the side of the horizontal electrodes 7, a transparent adhesive 14 that covers the horizontal electrodes 7. To the transparent adhesive 14 is attached a display 12.
(Arrangement of Vertical Electrodes 6)
(a) of FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8 of a vertical electrode 6 included in the touch panel 3d. (b) of FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes 6.
The vertical electrodes 6 are, as mentioned above with reference to FIG. 31, provided on the first surface 204 of the substrate 203. Each vertical electrode 6 includes a sequence of a repeat of first basic shapes 8 each formed of fine wires illustrated in (a) of FIG. 32, the first basic shapes 8 being connected to one another in a vertical direction as illustrated in (b) of FIG. 32. Each first basic shape 8 has line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line C1, and consists only of (i) a fine wire inclined at an oblique angle of 45 degrees and (ii) a fine wire inclined at an angle of negative 45 degrees. The vertical electrodes 6 are provided on the first surface 204 (see FIG. 31) of the substrate 203 and arranged at predetermined intervals (for example, with a pitch of approximately 7 mm) in the horizontal direction.
Such inclined fine wires forming each first basic shape 8 do not block pixels included in a liquid crystal display 12 on which the touch panel 3d is placed This arrangement thus prevents moire from occurring.
(Arrangement of Horizontal Electrodes 7)
(a) of FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9 of a horizontal electrode 7 included in the touch panel 3d. (b) of FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes 7.
The horizontal electrodes 7 are, as mentioned above with reference to FIG. 31, provided on the second surface 205 of the substrate 203. Each horizontal electrode 7 includes a sequence of a repeat of second basic shapes 9 each formed of fine wires illustrated in (a) of FIG. 33, the second basic shapes 9 being connected to one another in a horizontal direction as illustrated in (b) of FIG. 33. Each second basic shape 9 has line symmetry with respect to the vertical center line C1, and similarly to the first basic shapes 8, consists only of (i) a fine wire inclined at an oblique angle of 45 degrees and (ii) a fine wire inclined at an angle of negative 45 degrees. The horizontal electrodes 7 are provided on the second surface 205 (see FIG. 31) of the substrate 203 and arranged at predetermined intervals (for example, with a pitch of approximately 7 mm) in the vertical direction.
The vertical electrodes 6 and the horizontal electrodes 7 are each formed by, for example, etching a metal thin film or printing a pattern with an ink including electrically conductive nanoparticles. Such electrically conductive nanoparticles include silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, carbon, or a mixture of any of the above.
(Arrangement of Grid)
FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid 210 including the plurality of vertical electrodes 6 and the plurality of horizontal electrodes 7. The vertical electrodes 6 and the horizontal electrodes 7 are so disposed that as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 203 (see FIG. 31), the vertical electrodes 6 include no segment coincident with the horizontal electrodes 7. The vertical electrodes 6 and the horizontal electrodes 7 are disposed uniformly to form a grid 210 with no gap. The grid 210 has an outline in a rectangular shape.
The basic shapes 8 constituting the vertical electrodes 6 and the basic shapes 9 constituting the horizontal electrodes 7 each have line symmetry. The vertical electrodes 6 and the horizontal electrodes 7 form a grid 210, which has no gap. This arrangement solves the problem caused in, for example, the conventional arrangement illustrated in FIG. 54, that is, the problem of cross-shaped openings 97 that are not covered by a grid, the openings 97 being visibly recognized, with the result of decreased visibility. The conventional arrangement illustrated in FIG. 54 poses another problem that the capacitance in a portion surrounding an opening 97 is changed differently from that in a portion away from the opening 97. The arrangement of Embodiment 18 illustrated in FIG. 34, which causes no opening, advantageously allows a capacitance to change in a uniform manner over the entire substrate 203.
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 57 includes: vertical electrodes 71 each formed by (i) forming a repeat of basic shapes 74 in the vertical direction and then (ii) joining, to the repeat of basic shapes 74, a basic shape 75 different from the basic shapes 74; and horizontal electrodes 72 each formed by (i) forming a repeat of basic shape 76 in the horizontal direction and then (ii) joining, to the repeat of basic shapes 76, a basic shape 77 different from the basic shapes 76. The vertical electrodes 71 and the horizontal electrodes 72 are placed on top of each other to form a grid 73 (see FIG. 58), which has (i) along its bottom side, a zigzag shape 78 due to the basic shapes 75 and (ii) along its left side, a zigzag shape 79 due to the basic shapes 77. These zigzag shapes 78 and 79 problematically make it difficult to (i) easily join, directly to the horizontal electrodes 72 forming the zigzag shape 79, respective address lines for driving the horizontal electrodes 72, and (ii) easily join, directly to the vertical electrodes 71 forming the zigzag shape 78, respective address lines for driving the vertical electrodes 71.
In contrast, the arrangement of Embodiment 18 illustrated in FIG. 34 includes a grid 210 having a rectangular outline and no zigzag shape. This arrangement thus makes it possible to (i) easily join, directly to the horizontal electrodes 7, respective address lines for driving the horizontal electrodes 7, and (ii) easily join, directly to the vertical electrodes 6, respective address lines for reading out signals from the vertical electrodes 6.
The arrangement illustrated in (a) of FIG. 59 includes conductive X sequences 162 each formed by (i) forming, in the vertical direction, a repeat of basic shapes each combining a conductive X pad 163 with a conductive X line 164 and then (ii) joining, to the repeat of basic shapes, conductive X pads 163a, each of which is a basic shape different from the basic shape combining a conductive X pad 163 with a conductive X line 164. Thus, the conductive X sequences 162 illustrated in (a) of FIG. 59 are not formed of a repeat of basic shapes connected to one another in the vertical direction, and are thus different in configuration from the vertical electrodes 6 of Embodiment 18 illustrated in FIG. 32.
The arrangement illustrated in (b) of FIG. 59 includes conductive Y sequences 167 each formed by (i) forming, in the horizontal direction, a repeat of basic shapes each combining a conductive Y pad 168 with a conductive Y line 169 and then (ii) joining, to the repeat of basic shapes, conductive Y pads 168a, each of which is a basic shape different from the basic shape combining a conductive Y pad 168 with a conductive Y line 169. Thus, the conductive Y sequences 167 illustrated in (b) of FIG. 59 are not formed of a repeat of basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, and are thus different in configuration from the horizontal electrodes 7 of Embodiment 18 illustrated in FIG. 33.
As described above, an embodiment of the present invention includes a repeat of basic shapes connected to one another in the vertical or horizontal direction. This arrangement facilitates design of a vertical electrode and a horizontal electrode, and makes it possible to carry out, for example, an automatic creation and an automatic correction of an electrode. The above arrangement further allows a photolithographic mask for use in production of a touch panel and touch panel products to be inspected by a repeated image processing. The above arrangement thus also facilitates the production of a touch panel.
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 59 also poses the following problem: In the case where the conductive X pads 163 and the conductive Y pads 168 are each formed of fine wires extending in oblique directions that are not parallel to the Y axis or the X axis, it is impossible to form a uniform grid since (i) the conductive X lines 164 need to be parallel to the Y axis, and (ii) the conductive Y lines 169 need to be parallel to the X axis.
The touch panel 3d of Embodiment 18 can be produced by either forming vertical electrodes 6 and horizontal electrodes 7 on respective surfaces of a single sheet (substrate 203) as illustrated in FIG. 31, or combining (i) a sheet on which vertical electrodes 6 are formed with (ii) a sheet on which horizontal electrodes 7 are formed. Either case involves the possibility that due to positioning accuracy or combining accuracy, the resulting positional relationship between the vertical electrodes 6 and the horizontal electrodes 7 is subtly shifted from the positional relationship disclosed in Embodiment 18. This necessitates determining positioning accuracy or combining accuracy for the touch panel production in correspondence with a required accuracy of detecting a touch position.
(Variation)
(a) of FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8a of a vertical electrode 6a included as a variation in the touch panel 3d. (b) of FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of vertical electrodes 6a according to the variation. Each first basic shape 8a is so arranged that the wiring path for fine wires in the upper half is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in the lower half at a junction Q1 narrowed to the width of a single fine wire. Each first basic shape 8a has line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line C1.
(a) of FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9a of a horizontal electrode 7a included as a variation in the touch panel 3d. (b) of FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of horizontal electrodes 7a according to the variation. Each second basic shape 9a is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in a left portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a central portion at a junction Q2 narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the wiring path for fine wires in the central portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a right portion at a junction Q3 narrowed to the width of a single fine wire. Each second basic shape 9a has line symmetry with respect to the vertical center line C1.
FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid 210a including the vertical electrodes 6a as a variation and the horizontal electrodes 7a as a variation. As in the grid 210 illustrated in FIG. 34, the vertical electrodes 6a and the horizontal electrodes 7a are so disposed that as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 203 (see FIG. 31), the vertical electrodes 6a include no segment coincident with the horizontal electrodes 7a. The vertical electrodes 6a and the horizontal electrodes 7a are disposed uniformly to form a grid 210a with no gap. The grid 210a has an outline in a rectangular shape.
The respective arrangements of the vertical electrodes 6a, the horizontal electrodes 7a, and the grid 210a illustrated in FIGS. 35 through 37 achieve advantages similar to those achieved by the respective arrangements of the vertical electrodes 6, the horizontal electrodes 7, and the grid 210 illustrated in FIGS. 32 through 34.
(a) of FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a first basic shape 8a of a vertical electrode 6a as a variation, the first basic shape 8a being filled with a transparent electrode material 23. (b) of FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating the vertical electrodes 6a as a variation, the vertical electrodes 6a being filled with the transparent electrode material 23. (a) of FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a second basic shape 9a of a horizontal electrode 7a as a variation, the second basic shape 9a being filled with the transparent electrode material 23. (b) of FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating the horizontal electrodes 7a as a variation, the horizontal electrodes 7a being filled with the transparent electrode material 23.
In the case where the vertical electrodes 6a, each including the first basic shapes 8a, are filled with the transparent electrode material 23 to its contour as illustrated in FIG. 38, the vertical electrodes 6a each have an even lower resistance value. In the case where the horizontal electrodes 7a, each including the second basic shapes 9a, are filled with the transparent electrode material 23 substantially to its contour as illustrated in FIG. 39, the horizontal electrodes 7a each have an even lower resistance value. The transparent electrode material 23 can be made of, for example, an ITO film or graphene.
The above arrangement can further reduce the width of the fine wires, and thus reduce visibility of the fine wires. In the case where the fine wires each have a width of, for example, 0.5 mm or larger, a viewer, when close to a screen of a display device including the touch panel, visibly recognizes the fine wires.
(a) of FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the vertical electrodes 6a, as a variation, connected to the respective address lines VL1 to VLM. (b) of FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the horizontal electrodes 7a, as a variation, connected to the respective address lines HL1 to HLM. (c) of FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating a grid 210a including (i) the vertical electrodes 6a connected to the respective address lines VL1 to VLM and (ii) the horizontal electrodes 7a connected to the respective address lines HL1 to HLM.
The grid 210a, which includes the vertical electrodes 6a and the horizontal electrodes 7a, has a rectangular outline and no zigzag shape as in the grid 210. This arrangement thus makes it possible to (i) easily join, directly to the horizontal electrodes 7a, the respective address lines HL1 to HLM for driving the horizontal electrodes 7a, and (ii) easily join, directly to the vertical electrodes 6a, the respective address lines VL1 to VLM for reading out signals from the vertical electrodes 6a. 
Embodiment 19
Configuration of Vertical Electrodes 6b 
(a) of FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8b of a vertical electrode 6b included in a touch panel of Embodiment 19. (b) of FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical electrode 6b. The vertical electrodes 6b are, as mentioned above with reference to FIG. 31, provided on the first surface 204 of the substrate 203. Each vertical electrode 6b includes a sequence of a repeat of first basic shapes 8b each formed of fine wires, the first basic shapes 8b being connected to one another in the vertical direction. Each first basic shape 8b has point symmetry with respect to a center point P, and consists only of (i) a fine wire inclined at an oblique angle of 45 degrees and (ii) a fine wire inclined at an angle of negative 45 degrees. The vertical electrodes 6b are provided on the first surface 204 (see FIG. 31) of the substrate 203 and arranged at predetermined intervals (for example, with a pitch of approximately 7 mm) in the horizontal direction.
(Configuration of Horizontal Electrodes 7b)
(a) of FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9b of a horizontal electrode 7b included in the touch panel of Embodiment 19. (b) of FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a horizontal electrode 7b. The horizontal electrodes 7b are, as mentioned above with reference to FIG. 31, provided on the second surface 205 of the substrate 203. Each horizontal electrode 7b includes a sequence of a repeat of second basic shapes 9b each formed of fine wires illustrated in (a) of FIG. 42, the second basic shapes 9b being connected to one another in the horizontal direction. Each second basic shape 9b has point symmetry with respect to the center point P, and similarly to the first basic shapes 8b, consists only of (i) a fine wire inclined at an oblique angle of 45 degrees and (ii) a fine wire inclined at an angle of negative 45 degrees. The horizontal electrodes 7b are provided on the second surface 205 (see FIG. 31) of the substrate 203 and arranged at predetermined intervals (for example, with a pitch of approximately 7 mm) in the vertical direction.
Embodiment 20
Configuration of Vertical Electrodes 6c 
(a) of FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8c of a vertical electrode 6c included in a touch panel of Embodiment 20. (b) of FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical electrode 6c. The vertical electrodes 6c are provided on the first surface 204 of the substrate 203 illustrated in FIG. 31. Each vertical electrode 6c includes a sequence of a repeat of first basic shapes 8c each formed of fine wires, the first basic shapes 8b being connected to one another in the vertical direction. Each first basic shape 8c has line symmetry with respect to (i) a vertical center line C1 and (ii) a horizontal center line C2, and consists only of (i) a fine wire inclined at an oblique angle of 45 degrees and (ii) a fine wire inclined at an angle of negative 45 degrees. The vertical electrodes 6c are provided on the first surface 203 (see FIG. 31) of the substrate 203 and arranged at predetermined intervals (for example, with a pitch of approximately 7 mm) in the horizontal direction.
(Configuration of Horizontal Electrodes 7c)
(a) of FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9c of a horizontal electrode 7c included in the touch panel of Embodiment 20. (b) of FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a horizontal electrode 7c. The horizontal electrodes 7c are provided on the second surface 205 of the substrate 203 illustrated in FIG. 31. Each horizontal electrode 7c includes a sequence of a repeat of second basic shapes 9c each formed of fine wires, the second basic shapes 9b being connected to one another in the horizontal direction. Each second basic shape 9c has line symmetry with respect to (i) the vertical center line C1 and (ii) the horizontal center line C2, and consists only of (i) a fine wire inclined at an oblique angle of 45 degrees and (ii) a fine wire inclined at an angle of negative 45 degrees. The horizontal electrodes 7c are provided on the second surface 205 (see FIG. 31) of the substrate 203 and arranged at predetermined intervals (for example, with a pitch of approximately 7 mm) in the vertical direction.
(Advantage Achieved by Symmetry of Vertical Electrodes and Horizontal Electrodes)
The conventional arrangement illustrated in FIG. 57 includes vertical electrodes 71 and horizontal electrodes 72 none of which has center-line symmetry or center-point symmetry. Thus, a capacitive touch sensor having an electrode distribution illustrated in FIG. 57 lacks positional symmetry in a capacitance change caused by an object having a small touch area. This problematically makes it impossible to carry out a symmetric position correction during a touch-position detection, and thus requires a complicated algorithm for increasing the position detection precision. This problem leads to an increase in the amount of necessary computation, circuit complexity, and a memory usage amount, and results in an increase in, for example, power consumption and cost.
In contrast, vertical electrodes or horizontal electrodes having line symmetry or point symmetry allow a similar symmetry to occur in a capacitance change caused by an object, such as a pen, that has a small touch area. Utilizing this symmetry in a capacitance change allows a symmetric position correction to be carried out during a touch-position detection, and thus increases the position detection precision.
As described above, to solve the problem with the position detection precision, an embodiment of the present invention includes an arrangement of diamond shapes each formed by fine lines and having symmetry. This arrangement allows a large capacitive touch sensor having a size of 30 inches or larger to highly precisely carry out a position detection involving use of an object, such as a pen, that has a small touch area.
Embodiment 21
Arrangement of Vertical Electrodes 6d 
(a) of FIG. 45 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8d of a vertical electrode 6d included in a touch panel of Embodiment 21. (b) of FIG. 45 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical electrode 6d. The vertical electrodes 6d each correspond to a vertical electrode 6a (see FIG. 35) except for a grid pitch that is 7/5 times larger. Each first basic shape 8d is so arranged that the wiring path for fine wires in the upper half is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in the lower half at a junction Q4 narrowed to the width of a single fine wire. Each first basic shape 8d has line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line C1.
(a) of FIG. 46 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9d of a horizontal electrode 7d included in the touch panel of Embodiment 21. (b) of FIG. 46 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a horizontal electrode 7d. The horizontal electrodes 7d each correspond to a horizontal electrode 7a (see FIG. 36) except for a grid pitch that is 7/5 times larger. Each second basic shape 9d is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in a left portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a central portion at a junction Q5 narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the wiring path for fine wires in the central portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a right portion at a junction Q6 narrowed to the width of a single fine wire. Each second basic shape 9d has line symmetry with respect to the vertical center line C1.
Embodiment 22
Arrangement of Vertical Electrodes 6e 
(a) of FIG. 47 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8e of a vertical electrode 6e included in a touch panel of Embodiment 22. (b) of FIG. 47 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical electrode 6e. The vertical electrodes 6e each include a sequence of a repeat of first basic shapes 8e each formed of fine wires, the first basic shapes 8e being connected to one another in the vertical direction. Each first basic shape 8e has line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line C1.
Each first basic shape 8e is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in the upper half is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in the lower half not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the upper half are instead connected in the vertical direction to the fine wires in the lower half at two or more points along any horizontal line.
(Arrangement of Horizontal Electrodes 7e)
(a) of FIG. 48 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9e of a horizontal electrode 7e included in the touch panel of Embodiment 22. (b) of FIG. 48 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a horizontal electrode 7e. The horizontal electrodes 7e each include a sequence of a repeat of second basic shapes 9e each formed of fine wires, the second basic shapes 9e being connected to one another in the horizontal direction. Each second basic shape 9e has line symmetry with respect to the vertical center line C1.
Each second basic shape 9e is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in a left portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a right portion not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the left portion are instead connected in the horizontal direction to the fine wires in the right portion at two or more points along any vertical line.
(Configuration of Grid 210e)
FIG. 49 is a diagram illustrating a uniform grid 210e including the vertical electrodes 6e and the horizontal electrodes 7e. The vertical electrodes 6e and the horizontal electrodes 7e are so disposed that as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 203 (see FIG. 31), the vertical electrodes 6e include no segment coincident with the horizontal electrodes 7e. The vertical electrodes 6e and the horizontal electrodes 7e are disposed uniformly to form a grid 210e with no gap. The grid 210e has an outline in a rectangular shape.
(Arrangement of Vertical Electrodes 6f)
(a) of FIG. 50 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8f of another vertical electrode 6f included in the touch panel of Embodiment 22. (b) of FIG. 50 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of such another vertical electrode 6f. The vertical electrodes 6f each include a sequence of a repeat of first basic shapes 8f each formed of fine wires, the first basic shapes 8f being connected to one another in the vertical direction. Each first basic shape 8f has line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line C1.
As in the basic shapes 8e, each first basic shape 8f is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in the upper half is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in the lower half not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the upper half are instead connected in the vertical direction to the fine wires in the lower half at two or more points along any horizontal line.
(Arrangement of Horizontal Electrodes 7f)
(a) of FIG. 51 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9f of another horizontal electrode 7f included in the touch panel of Embodiment 22. (b) of FIG. 51 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of such another horizontal electrode 7f. The horizontal electrodes 7f each include a sequence of a repeat of second basic shapes 9f each formed of fine wires, the second basic shapes 9f being connected to one another in the horizontal direction. Each second basic shape 9f has line symmetry with respect to the vertical center line C1.
As in the basic shapes 9e, each second basic shape 9f is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in a left portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a right portion not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the left portion are instead connected in the horizontal direction to the fine wires in the right portion at two or more points along any vertical line.
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 57 poses another inherent problem: The vertical electrodes 71 of (a) of FIG. 57 and the horizontal electrodes 72 of (b) of FIG. 57 each have a point at which a wiring path is connected to another, the point being narrowed to the width of a single fine wire. If a fine wire is broken at such a point, narrowed to the width of a single fine wire, during production of a touch sensor panel, electric current is prevented from flowing through any of the connected electrodes. Thus, production involving the possibility of a broken fine wire problematically decreases the yield of the touch sensor panel.
In contrast, an embodiment of the present invention is so arranged that (i) none of the first basic shapes 8e and 8f and the second basic shapes 9e and 9f includes a point at which a wiring path is connected to another, the point being narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) fine wires are instead connected to each other at two or more points along any vertical or horizontal line. Thus, even if one fine wire is broken during production, the remaining fine wire maintains connection. This arrangement can advantageously prevent disconnection in the vertical electrodes 6e and 6f and the horizontal electrodes 7e and 7f. 
(Configurations of First Basic Shape 8g and Second Basic Shape 9g as Variation)
(a) of FIG. 52 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8g as a variation. (b) of FIG. 52 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9g as a variation.
Each first basic shape 8g is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in the upper half is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in the lower half not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the upper half are instead connected in the vertical direction to the fine wires in the lower half at two or more points along any horizontal line. Each first basic shape 8g has point symmetry with respect to a center point P.
Each second basic shape 9g is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in a left portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a right portion not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the left portion are instead connected in the horizontal direction to the fine wires in the right portion at two or more points along any vertical line. Each second basic shape 9g has point symmetry with respect to the center point P.
(Configurations of First Basic Shape 8h and Second Basic Shape 9h as Another Variation)
(a) of FIG. 53 is a diagram illustrating a first basic shape 8h as another variation. (b) of FIG. 53 is a diagram illustrating a second basic shape 9h as another variation.
Each first basic shape 8h is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in the upper half is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in the lower half not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the upper half are instead connected in the vertical direction to the fine wires in the lower half at two or more points along any horizontal line. Each first basic shape 8h has line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line C1 and a horizontal center line C2.
Each second basic shape 9h is so arranged that (i) the wiring path for fine wires in a left portion is connected to the wiring path for fine wires in a right portion not at a point narrowed to the width of a single fine wire and that (ii) the fine wires in the left portion are instead connected in the horizontal direction to the fine wires in the right portion at two or more points along any vertical line. Each second basic shape 9h has line symmetry with respect to the vertical center line C1 and the horizontal center line C2.
Embodiment 23
Configuration of Electronic Blackboard 250
FIG. 54 is a diagram illustrating an appearance of an electronic blackboard 250 (information input-output device) of Embodiment 23. The electronic blackboard 250 includes a touch panel system 1p of an embodiment of the present invention, the touch panel system 1p in turn including a touch panel 3d of an embodiment of the present invention. The touch panel 3d is, for example, approximately 80 inches in size.
The present invention can also be expressed as below:
[1] A touch panel system including: a touch panel including a plurality of sensors; and a touch panel controller for receiving signals from the sensors so as to read data, the plurality of sensors including (i) a main sensor for inputting a signal in response to a touch operation performed by a user and (ii) a sub sensor provided on a surface of the touch panel on which surface the main sensor is provided, and the touch panel controller including subtracting means for (i) receiving a signal supplied from the main sensor and a signal supplied from the sub sensor and (ii) subtracting, from the signal supplied from the main sensor, the signal supplied from the sub sensor.
[2] The touch panel system described in [1], wherein the sub sensor is not touched by the user in the touch operation, and detects a noise generated in the sensor.
[3] The touch panel system described in [1] or [2], wherein the main sensor and the sub sensor are provided so as to be adjacent to each other.
[4] A touch panel system including: a display device; a touch panel which is provided on an upper section or the like of a display screen of the display device and which includes a plurality of sensor groups including sensors arranged in a matrix; and a touch panel controller for receiving signals from the sensor groups so as to read data, the sensor groups including (i) a main sensor group for inputting a signal in response to a touch operation performed by a user and (ii) a sub sensor group provided on a surface of the touch panel on which surface the main sensor group is provided, and the touch panel controller including subtracting means for (i) receiving a signal supplied from the main sensor group and a signal supplied from the sub sensor group and (ii) subtracting, from the signal supplied from the main sensor group, the signal supplied from the sub sensor group.
[5] The touch panel system described in [4], wherein the sub sensor group is not touched by the user in the touch operation, and detects a noise generated in the sensor group.
[6] The touch panel system described in [4] or [5], wherein the main sensor group and the sub sensor group are provided so as to be adjacent to each other.
[7] The touch panel system described in any of [1] through [6], wherein the display device is a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic electroluminescence display, or a field emission display.
[8] An electronic device including a touch panel system described in any of [1] through [7].
According to each of the above configurations, the touch panel includes the main sensor section for detecting a touch operation and the sub sensor section for detecting a noise, and a difference between a signal of the main sensor section and a signal of the sub sensor section is found by the subtracting section. This removes a noise signal from the output signal which is supplied from the main sensor section, thereby extracting a signal derived from the touch operation itself, which signal is generated in response to the touch operation. Therefore, it is possible to reliably remove (cancel) a wide variety of noises reflected in the touch panel. Thus, a noise component which is the subject of removal is not limited to an AC signal component in a signal including noises, but is all noise components reflected in the touch panel. Namely, it is possible to provide a touch panel system and an electronic device each of which is capable of canceling basically all noise components.
Also, the present invention can be described as below:
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the main sensor section is provided with a plurality of sense lines; the sub sensor section is provided with a sub sense line extending along a direction in which the sense lines extend; the subtracting section finds a first difference which is expressed by (Sn+1)−Sn, the first difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of a sense line Sn which is selected from the plurality of sense lines and (ii) a signal of a sense line Sn+1, which is one of two sense lines adjacent to the sense line Sn, the two sense lines being the sense line Sn+1 and a sense line Sn−1 each of which is included in the plurality of sense lines; the subtracting section finds a second difference which is expressed by Sn−(Sn−1), the second difference corresponding to a difference between (i) the signal of the sense line Sn and (ii) a signal of the sense line Sn−1, which is the other one of the two sense lines; the subtracting section finds a third difference, the third difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of the sub sense line and (ii) a signal of a sense line adjacent to the sub sense line which sense line is included in the plurality of sense lines; and the touch panel controller includes an adding section for adding up the first difference, the second difference, and the third difference.
According to the above configuration, the subtracting section obtains a difference signal value between sense lines adjacent to each other. Namely, a difference is found between the adjacent sense lines, which have a higher correlation in terms of noise. Furthermore, from an output signal supplied from each sense line, a signal (noise signal) of the sub sense line is removed. This makes it possible to remove a noise more reliably.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured to include: drive lines provided so as to intersect the sense lines and the sub sense line; a drive line driving circuit for driving the drive lines in parallel by use of orthogonal sequences or M sequences; capacitances being formed (i) between the sense lines and the drive lines and (ii) between the sub sense line and the drive lines; and a calculation section for finding capacitance values of the respective capacitances by (i) reading output signals from the sense lines and the sub sense line and by (ii) finding inner products of the output signals and the orthogonal sequences or the M sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel.
According to the above configuration, the touch panel is driven by the orthogonal sequence driving method. Consequently, a signal of the capacitance is multiplied by a code length (i.e., multiplied by N). Therefore, a signal strength of the capacitance is increased, regardless of the number of drive lines. Further, provided that a necessary signal strength is merely equal to that of the conventional method, it is possible to reduce the number of times that the drive lines should be driven, thereby enabling to reduce electric power consumption.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the subtracting section includes a first analog-to-digital converting section for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines and the sub sense line to the subtracting section; and the subtracting section uses, in order to find the first difference, the second difference, and the third difference, the digital signals obtained by the first analog-to-digital converting section.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to remove a noise by (ii) converting, into digital signals, analog signals outputted by the touch panel, and thereafter by (ii) performing subtracting operations.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the subtracting section includes a second analog-to-digital converting section for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines and the sub sense line to the subtracting section; and the second analog-to-digital converting section converts, into a digital signal, each of the first difference, the second difference, and the third difference that are found by the subtracting section with use of the analog signals.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter by (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the subtracting section includes a total differential amplifier for finding the first difference, the second difference, and the third difference with use of the analog signals.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to remove a noise by (i) causing the total differential amplifier to perform subtracting operations on analog signals without converting the analog signals into digital signals which analog signals are outputted by the touch panel, and thereafter by (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the total differential amplifier has an input common-mode voltage range which is rail to rail.
The above configuration includes the total differential amplifier capable of rail-to-rail operation. Therefore, the total differential amplifier is operable in a voltage range from a power source voltage (Vdd) to GND. Accordingly, an output signal from the total differential amplifier is free from a problem of output saturation.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the adding section adds the first difference, the second difference, and the third difference in such a manner that individual adding operations are carried out in the order of increasing distance between a sense line involved in a certain adding operation and the sub-sense line, and the adding section uses a result of one adding operation in a next adding operation.
According to the above configuration, the adding section sequentially performs adding operations in the order of increasing distance between a sense line involved in a certain adding operation and the sub-sense line, while utilizing the results of the adding operations. This makes it possible to increase a speed at which an adding operation is performed.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the sub sensor section is configured not to detect a touch operation performed with respect to the touch panel.
According to the above configuration, since a signal generated by a touch operation is not detected by the sub sensor section, an output signal from the sub sensor section does not include the signal generated by the touch operation. This prevents a case where the signal value derived from the touch operation is reduced by the subtracting operation performed by the subtracting section. Namely, a noise component is removed without reducing the signal detected by the main sensor section, which signal is generated in response to the touch operation. This makes it possible to further enhance detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the sub sensor section is provided in a region of the touch panel in which region no touch operation is performed.
According to the above configuration, the sub sensor section is provided so as not to be positioned in a region (touched region) where a user performs a touch operation. Therefore, on the sub sensor section, the user would not perform a touch operation. Accordingly, although the sub sensor section detects a noise reflected in the touch panel, the sub sensor section does not detect a signal generated by a touch operation. This can reliably prevent the sub sensor section from detecting a touch operation.
Namely, since the above configuration does not allow the sub sensor section to detect a signal generated by a touch operation, an output signal supplied from the sub sensor section does not include the signal generated by the touch operation. This prevents a case where the signal value derived from the touch operation is reduced by the subtracting operation performed by the subtracting section. Namely, a noise component is removed without reducing the signal generated by the touch operation and detected by the main sensor section. This makes it possible to further enhance detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the main sensor section and the sub sensor section are provided so as to be adjacent to each other.
According to the above configuration, the main sensor section and the sub sensor section are arranged so that a distance therebetween is shortest. Namely, the main sensor section and the sub sensor section are provided under substantially the same condition. Therefore, a value of a noise signal included in an output signal from the sub sensor section can be regarded as being the same as that of a noise signal included in an output signal from the main sensor section. This can more reliably remove, by the subtracting operation performed by the subtracting section, a noise component reflected in the touch panel. This makes it possible to further enhance detection sensitivity for a touch operation.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the main sensor section is made of one main sensor.
According to the above configuration, the main sensor section is made of a single main sensor. This can provide a touch panel system capable of determining the presence or absence of a touch operation.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the main sensor section is made of a plurality of main sensors arranged in a matrix.
According to the above configuration, the main sensor section is made of a plurality of main sensors arranged in a matrix. This can provide a touch panel system capable of determining (i) the presence or absence of a touch operation and (ii) a touched position.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured so as to include: drive lines provided so as to intersect the sense lines; a drive line driving circuit for driving the drive lines in parallel; capacitances being formed between the sense lines and the drive lines; and a decoding section for decoding values of differences between the capacitances in a direction in which each of the drive lines extends which differences are found by the subtracting section as the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, based on output signals that the subtracting section receives from the sense lines.
According to the above configuration, the touch panel is parallel driven, and the decoding section decodes the difference values of the capacitances which difference values are found by the subtracting section. Consequently, signals of the capacitances are multiplied by a code length (i.e., multiplied by N). Therefore, signal strengths of the capacitances are increased, regardless of the number of drive lines. Further, provided that necessary signal strengths are merely equal to those of a conventional method, it is possible to reduce the number of times that the drive lines should be driven. This makes it possible to reduce electric power consumption.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the subtracting section includes a third analog-to-digital converting section for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines to the subtracting section; and the subtracting section uses, in order to find the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the digital signals obtained by the third analog-to-digital converting section.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to remove a noise by (ii) converting, into digital signals, analog signals outputted by the touch panel, and thereafter by (ii) performing subtracting operations.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the subtracting section includes a fourth analog-to-digital converting section for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines to the subtracting section; and the fourth analog-to-digital converting section converts, into digital signals, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the differences being found by the subtracting section with use of the analog signals.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to remove a noise by (i) performing subtracting operations on analog signals outputted by the touch panel, without converting the analog signals into digital signals, and thereafter by (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured such that: the subtracting section includes a total differential amplifier for finding, with use of the analog signals, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other.
According to the above configuration, it is possible to remove a noise by (i) causing the total differential amplifier to perform subtracting operations on analog signals without converting the analog signals into digital signals which analog signals are outputted by the touch panel, and thereafter by (ii) converting the resulting signal into a digital signal.
The touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention may be configured so as to include: a non-touch operation information storage section for storing a first distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when no touch operation is performed; and a calibration section for subtracting (i) the first distribution stored in the non-touch operation information storage section from (ii) a second distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when a touch operation is performed, so as to calibrate the second distribution.
According to the above configuration, the non-touch operation information storage section stores the first distribution of the differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when no touch operation is performed. Further, the calibration section subtracts (i) the first distribution stored in the non-touch operation information storage section from (ii) the second distribution of the differences between the capacitances which differences are found when a touch operation is performed. Namely, the calibration section performs the following calculation: (the second distribution of the differences between the capacitances which differences are found when the touch operation is performed)−(the first distribution of the differences between the capacitances which differences are found when no touch operation is performed). This can cancel an offset inherent in the touch panel.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured so as to include: a judging section for determining the presence or absence of a touch operation based on a comparison of (i) the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other which differences are found by the subtracting section and (ii) positive and negative threshold values.
According to the above configuration, the judging section determines the presence or absence of a touch operation based on the differences in signal between the respective pairs the sense lines adjacent to each other from which differences a noise signal has been removed. This makes it possible to accurately determine the presence or absence of the touch operation.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the judging section creates, based on the comparison of (i) the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other which differences are found by the subtracting section and (ii) the positive and negative threshold values, an increase and decrease table which indicates, in ternary, a distribution of differences between signals of the sense lines, and the judging section converts the increase and decrease table into a binary image, so as to extract touch information therefrom.
According to the above configuration, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other from which differences a noise signal has been removed are inputted to the judging section. Based on the comparison of (i) the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other and (ii) the positive and negative threshold values stored in the judging section, the judging section creates the increase and decrease table indicating, in ternary, the distribution of the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other. Further, the judging section binarizes the increase and decrease table, so that the increase and decrease table is converted into the binary image. Consequently, from the binary image thus converted, candidates of a touched position are extracted. Thus, by recognizing the touch information (the size, position, etc. of the touch) based on the binary image, it is possible not only to determine the presence or absence of the touch operation but also to recognize the touch information more accurately.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured to further include a display device, the touch panel being provided to a front surface of the display device.
According to the above configuration, since the touch panel is provided on the front surface of the display device, it is possible to reliably remove a noise generated in the display device.
Preferably, the touch panel system of any of the embodiments of the present invention is configured such that: the display device is a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic electroluminescence display, or a field emission display.
According to the above configuration, the display device is made of any of various kinds of displays used in generally-used electronic devices. Therefore, it is possible to provide a touch panel system having a great versatility.
A capacitive touch sensor panel of the present invention includes: a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction; a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction; and an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface so as to insulate the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes from each other, the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) being disposed so that, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.
The above arrangement disposes (I) a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction and (II) a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction so that (i) as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and that (ii) the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes form a uniform grid having no gap. Thus, preparing an electrode distribution with (i) the vertical electrodes, (ii) the horizontal electrodes, and (iii) an insulating film sandwiched therebetween forms a uniform grid having no visible gap. Such an electrode distribution, as placed on a display device, can prevent moire and the like from occurring.
A capacitive touch sensor system of the present invention includes: a touch sensor panel of the present invention.
An information input-output device of the present invention includes: the touch sensor system of the present invention.
A capacitive touch sensor panel of the present invention is arranged such that a plurality of vertical electrodes and a plurality of horizontal electrodes are so disposed that (i) as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and that (ii) the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes form a uniform grid having no gap. Thus, the capacitive touch sensor panel, as placed on a display device, can prevent moire and the like from occurring.
The capacitive touch sensor panel of the present embodiment may preferably be arranged such that the fine wire included in the first basic shapes and the fine wire included in the second basic shapes each extend in an oblique direction.
According to the above arrangement, the fine wire included in the first basic shapes and the fine wire included in the second basic shapes are each inclined with respect to a black matrix of the display. The above arrangement thus reduces the possibility of moire occurring.
The capacitive touch sensor panel of the present embodiment may preferably be arranged such that the grid has a rectangular outline.
According to the above arrangement, the vertical electrodes and the horizontal electrodes form a grid having a rectangular outline as viewed in the direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface. The above arrangement thus makes it possible to easily join, directly to respective portions corresponding to sides of the rectangular outline of the uniform grid having no gap, (i) address lines for driving the horizontal electrodes or the vertical electrodes and (ii) address lines for reading out signals from the vertical electrodes or the horizontal electrodes.
The capacitive touch sensor panel of the present embodiment may preferably be arranged such that the first basic shapes and the second basic shapes each have line symmetry with respect to a vertical center line extending in the vertical direction.
With the above arrangement, the first basic shapes and the second basic shapes each have a symmetric shape. The above arrangement can thus improve accuracy of reading coordinates on the basis of a change to a capacitance distribution which change is caused by a touch input involving use of a pen.
The capacitive touch sensor panel of the present embodiment may preferably be arranged such that the first basic shapes and the second basic shapes each have point symmetry.
With the above arrangement, the first basic shapes and the second basic shapes each have a symmetric shape. The above arrangement can thus improve accuracy of reading coordinates on the basis of a change to a capacitance distribution which change is caused by a touch input involving use of a pen.
The capacitive touch sensor panel of the present embodiment may preferably be arranged such that the first basic shapes and the second basic shapes each have line symmetry with respect to (i) a vertical center line extending in the vertical direction and (ii) a horizontal center line extending in the horizontal direction.
With the above arrangement, the first basic shapes and the second basic shapes each have a symmetric shape. The above arrangement can thus improve accuracy of reading coordinates on the basis of a change to a capacitance distribution which change is caused by a touch input involving use of a pen.
The capacitive touch sensor panel of the present embodiment may preferably be arranged such that the first basic shapes are each internally connected in the vertical direction at two or more fine-wire points; and the second basic shapes are each internally connected in the horizontal direction at two or more fine-wire points.
With the above arrangement, adjacent ones of the first basic shapes are connected to each other at two or more fine-wire points, while adjacent ones of the second basic shapes are also connected to each other at two or more fine-wire points. Thus, even if one fine wire is broken during production, the remaining fine wire can prevent total disconnection.
The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments above, but may be altered by a skilled person within the scope of the claims. An embodiment based on a proper combination of technical means disclosed in different embodiments is encompassed in the technical scope of the present invention. Namely, the embodiments above are just examples in all respects, and provide no limitations. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims, rather than by the descriptions of the embodiments. Any meanings equivalent to the claims and all modifications made in the scope of the claims are included within the scope of the present invention.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present invention is applicable to various kinds of electronic devices including touch panels, for example, to televisions, personal computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, portable game devices, electronic photo frames, personal digital assistants, electronic books, home electronic appliances, ticket vending machines, automatic teller machines, and car navigation systems.
The present invention is applicable to a capacitive touch sensor panel including (i) a plurality of vertical electrodes provided on a vertical electrode surface and arranged at predetermined intervals in a horizontal direction, (ii) a plurality of horizontal electrodes provided on a horizontal electrode surface, which is parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and arranged at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction, and (iii) an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface to insulate the vertical electrodes from the horizontal electrodes. The present invention is further applicable to a capacitive touch sensor system including the above capacitive touch sensor panel and to an information input-output device.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST


    
    
        1 Touch panel system
        1a Touch panel system
        1b Touch panel system
        1c Touch panel system
        1d Touch panel system
        1e Touch panel system
        1f Touch panel system
        1g Touch panel system
        1h Touch panel system
        1i Touch panel system
        1j Touch panel system
        1k Touch panel system
        1m Touch panel system
        1n Touch panel system
        1o Touch panel system
        1p Touch panel system (touch panel system, capacitive touch sensor system)
        2 Display device
        3 Touch panel
        3a Touch panel
        3b Touch panel
        3c Touch panel
        3d Touch panel (capacitive touch sensor panel)
        4 Touch panel controller
        6 Vertical electrode
        7 Horizontal electrode
        8 Basic shape (first basic shape)
        9 Basic shape (second basic shape)
        10 Grid
        12 Display
        13, 14 Transparent adhesive
        15 Cover film
        16 Driver
        17 Sense amplifier
        18 Timing generator
        19 AD converter
        20 Capacitance distribution calculating section
        21 Touch recognizing section
        22 Capacitance value distribution detecting circuit
        31 Main sensor (main sensor section)
        31a Main sensor group (main sensor section)
        31b Main sensor group (sensor section)
        32 Sub sensor (sub sensor section)
        32a Sub sensor group (sub sensor section)
        33 Sense line
        34 Sub sense line
        35 Drive line
        41 Subtracting section
        41a Subtracting section
        46 Adding section
        47 Electric charge integrator (calculation section)
        48 Analog-to-digital converting section (first analog-to-digital converting section, second analog-to-digital converting section)
        48a Analog-to-digital converting section (third analog-to-digital converting section, fourth analog-to-digital converting section)
        49 Differential amplifier
        50 Total differential amplifier
        58 Decoding section
        59 Judging section
        61 Non-touch operation information storage section
        62 Calibration section
        203 Substrate (insulator)
        204 Surface (vertical electrode surface)
        205 Surface (horizontal electrode surface)
        250 Electronic blackboard (electronic device, information input-output device)
        C1 Vertical center line
        C2 Horizontal center line
        P Center point

## Claims

1. A touch panel system comprising,
a touch panel; and
a touch panel controller for processing a signal supplied from the touch panel,
the touch panel including a sensor section, the sensor section being provided with a plurality of sense lines and detecting a touch operation performed with respect to the touch panel,
the touch panel controller including a subtracting section for (i) receiving signals from the sensor section and (ii) finding differences in signal between, among the sense lines, respective pairs of sense lines adjacent to each other,
the touch panel system further comprising:
drive lines provided so as to intersect the sense lines;
a drive line driving circuit for driving the drive lines in parallel; and
capacitances being formed between the sense lines and the drive lines,
the subtracting section receiving output signals from the sense lines, and finding differences between the capacitances on each of the drive lines in a direction in which the each of the drive lines extends, the differences being found as the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other,
the touch panel system further comprising:
a decoding section for decoding the values of the differences between the capacitances, which differences are found by the subtracting section, the decoding being carried out in such a manner that an inner product of each of code sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel and each of difference output sequences of the sense lines, which difference output sequences correspond to the code sequences, is calculated; and
a switch for switching a signal to be supplied to the subtracting section so that the subtracting section finds a first difference which is expressed by (Sn+1)−Sn or a second difference which is expressed by Sn−(Sn−1),
the first difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of a sense line Sn which is selected from the plurality of sense lines and (ii) a signal of a sense line Sn+1, which is one of two sense lines adjacent to the sense line Sn, the two sense lines being the sense line Sn+1 and a sense line Sn−1 each of which is included in the plurality of sense lines,
the second difference corresponding to a difference between (i) the signal of the sense line Sn and (ii) a signal of the sense line Sn−1, which is the other one of the two sense lines,
the touch panel further comprising:
a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction;
a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction; and
an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface so as to insulate the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes from each other,
the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) being disposed so that, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.

2. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the switch includes two terminals, the switch being arranged such that one of the two terminals is selected;
the code sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel are the following code sequences (a component is 1 or −1) for driving the first drive line through the Mth drive line in parallel,





  
    
      
        
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          1
        
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          d
          2
        
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              d
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      ⋮
    
  
  
    
      
        
          
            d
            M
          
          =
          
            (
            
              
                d
                
                  M
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difference output sequences “Sj,P (j=1, . . . , [L/2], P=1, 2) (L indicates the number of sense lines, [n]=an integer part of n)” of the sense lines, which difference output sequences correspond to the code sequences, are defined as follows,
Sj,1: an output sequence for d1 through dM when the switches SW select one of the two terminals
Sj,2: an output sequence for d1 through dM when the switches SW select the other one of the two terminals; and
the decoding section calculates an inner product of each of the code sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel and each of the difference output sequences of the sense line, which difference output sequences correspond to the code sequences.

3. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
the subtracting section includes a first analog-to-digital converting section for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines to the subtracting section; and
the subtracting section uses, in order to find the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the digital signals obtained by the first analog-to-digital converting section.

4. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 2, wherein:
the subtracting section includes a first analog-to-digital converting section for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines to the subtracting section; and
the first analog-to-digital converting section converts, into digital signals, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the differences being found by the subtracting section with use of the analog signals.

5. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 4, wherein:
the subtracting section includes a total differential amplifier for finding, with use of the analog signals, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other.

6. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 4, further comprising:
a judging section for determining the presence or absence of a touch operation based on a comparison of (i) the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other which differences are found by the subtracting section and (ii) positive and negative threshold values.

7. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 2, further comprising:
a non-touch operation information storage section for storing a first distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when no touch operation is performed; and
a calibration section for subtracting (i) the first distribution stored in the non-touch operation information storage section from (ii) a second distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when a touch operation is performed, so as to calibrate the second distribution.

8. An electronic device comprising:
a touch panel system as set forth in claim 2.

9. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the subtracting section includes a first analog-to-digital for converting, into digital signals, analog signals supplied from the sense lines to the subtracting section; and
the first analog-to-digital converting section converts, into digital signals, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other, the differences being found by the subtracting section with use of the analog signals.

10. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 9, wherein:
the subtracting section includes a total differential amplifier for finding, with use of the analog signals, the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other.

11. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 9, further comprising:
a judging section for determining the presence or absence of a touch operation based on a comparison of (i) the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other which differences are found by the subtracting section and (ii) positive and negative threshold values.

12. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 11, wherein:
the judging section creates, based on the comparison of (i) the differences in signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other which differences are found by the subtracting section and (ii) the positive and negative threshold values, an increase and decrease table which indicates, in ternary, a distribution of differences between signals of the sense lines, aid the judging section converts the increase and decrease table into a binary image, so as to extract touch information therefrom.

13. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a non-touch operation information storage section for storing a first distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when no touch operation is performed; and
a calibration section for subtracting (i) the first distribution stored in the non-touch operation information storage section from (ii) a second distribution of differences between the capacitances which differences are decoded by the decoding section when a touch operation is performed, so as to calibrate the second distribution.

14. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a display device,
the touch panel being provided to a front surface of the display device.

15. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 14, wherein:
the display device is a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic electroluminescence display, or a field emission display.

16. An electronic device comprising:
a touch panel system as set forth in claim 1.

17. A touch panel system comprising,
a touch panel; and
a touch panel controller for processing a signal supplied from the touch panel,
the touch panel including a sensor section, the sensor section being provided with a plurality of sense lines and detecting a touch operation performed with respect to the touch panel,
the touch panel controller including a subtracting section for (i) receiving signals from the sensor section and (ii) finding differences in signal between, among the sense lines, respective pairs of sense lines adjacent to each other,
the touch panel system further comprising:
drive lines provided so as to intersect the sense lines;
a drive line driving circuit for driving the drive lines in parallel; and
capacitances being formed between the sense lines and the drive lines,
the subtracting section receiving output signals from the sense lines, and finding differences between the capacitances on each of the drive lines in a direction in which the each of the drive lines extends, the differences being found as the differences m signal between the respective pairs of the sense lines adjacent to each other,
the touch panel system further comprising:
a decoding section for decoding the values of the differences between the capacitances, which differences are found by the subtracting section, the decoding being carried out in such a manner that an inner product of each of code sequences for driving the drive lines in parallel and each of difference output sequences of the sense lines, which difference output sequences correspond to the code sequences, is calculated,
the touch panel further comprising:
a plurality of vertical electrodes (i) each including a repeat of first basic shapes connected to one another in a vertical direction, the first basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in a horizontal direction;
a plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) each including a repeat of second basic shapes connected to one another in the horizontal direction, the second basic shapes each including a fine wire, (ii) provided on a horizontal electrode surface parallel to the vertical electrode surface, and (iii) arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction; and
an insulator provided between the vertical electrode surface and the horizontal electrode surface so as to insulate the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes from each other,
the plurality of vertical electrodes and the plurality of horizontal electrodes (i) being disposed so that, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the vertical electrode surface, the plurality of vertical electrodes include no segment coincident with the plurality of horizontal electrodes and (ii) forming a uniform grid having no gap.

18. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 17, wherein:
the subtracting section finds a first difference which is expressed by (Sn+1)−Sn and a second difference which is expressed by Sn−(Sn−1),
the first difference corresponding to a difference between (i) a signal of a sense line Sn which is selected from the plurality of sense lines and (ii) a signal of a sense line Sn+1, which is one of two sense lines adjacent to the sense line Sn, the two sense lines being the sense line Sn+1 and a sense line Sn−1 each of which is included in the plurality of sense lines,
the second difference corresponding to a difference between (i) the signal of the sense line Sn and (ii) a signal of the sense line Sn−1, which is the other one of the two sense lines.

19. The touch panel system as set forth in claim 17, wherein:
the code sequences are orthogonal sequences or M sequences.