STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

DOCKET NUMBER

2022 CA 0091

SUCCESSION OF HEZEKIAH BROWN, ] R. 

C

Judgment Rendered: OCT 1 9 2022

ON APPEAL FROM THE

19th JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, SECTION 23

EAST BATON ROUGE PARISH, LOUISIANA

DOCKET NUMBER 108,206

HONORABLE WILLIAM A. MORVANT, JUDGE PRESIDING

Derrick Jerome Allen

St. Gabriel, Louisiana

James Morgan Field, III

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Defendant -Appellant

Pro Se

Attorney for Plaintiff -Appellee

Shirley Mae Miles Brown

BEFORE: McDONALD, McCLENDON, and HOLDRIDGE, JJ. 

4 [ . f. 

111J] '_ ( imu, l I., 
WDONALD, I

A plaintiff claiming to be an intestate heir of a decedent appeals a judgment granting

the succession executor's peremptory exception pleading the objection of no right of action' 

and dismissing the plaintiff's opposition to the decedent's testament. After review, we affirm

in part, vacate in part, and remand. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Hezekiah Brown, Jr. died on March 22, 2020, at the age of 73. Thereafter, in August

2020, Derrick Jerome Allen, pro se, filed a Petition for Judicial Partition of the Succession in

Kind and a separate Petition to Appoint Administrator, both captioned " Succession of

Hezekiah Brown, Jr." In these petitions, Mr. Allen alleged Mr. Brown was his father, and

had died intestate, leaving a widow, Shirley Miles Brown, and four children, two born to Mrs. 

Brown and two born to other mothers. Mr. Allen further alleged he was one of Mr. Brown' s

two children who was born to a mother other than Mrs. Brown. Mr. Allen sought recognition

as Mr. Brown' s intestate heir, to open the succession, appointment of an estate

administrator, judicial partition of Mr. Brown' s estate, and an order to Mrs. Brown to

discontinue disposing of estate assets. Mr. Brown attached an Affidavit of Death, Domicile, 

and Heirship, wherein two affiants, Carla Boyle S. Brown and Ursilla Chatman, attested that

they were personally acquainted with the Brown family, that three children were born of the

Browns' marriage, and that Mr. Brown had two other children, including Mr. Allen, born to

other women.' 

By letter dated August 7, 2020, Mrs. Brown' s attorney informed Mr. Allen that Mr. 

Brown had died testate, not intestate, as shown by an enclosed copy of a 2014 testament

purportedly signed by Mr. Brown, wherein he left his entire estate to Mrs. Brown and named

her as executor of his testament. Mrs. Brown' s attorney asked Mr. Allen to review the

testament and to then execute and return an enclosed waiver form indicating Mr. Allen did

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 922 recognizes only three exceptions: the declinatory exception, the

dilatory exception, and the peremptory exception. See La. C. C. P. arts. 925, 926, 927. In this case, the

defendant filed a peremptory exception pleading the objection of no right of action. See La. C.C. P. art. 927. 

Herein, for brevity, we refer to that exception as an exception of no right of action, 

2 In his petitions, Mr. Allen alleged that, even though a fifth child was born during the Browns' marriage and

used the surname " Brown," that fifth child, a male, was not Mr. Brown' s son. In their affidavit, Carla Boyle S. 

Brown and Ursilla Chatman also attested that Mr. Brown was not the father of that fifth child. Also, we note, 

but do not address, that the two affiants signed a single affidavit. 

2
not object to probate of Mr. Brown' s 2014 testament. Mr. Allen did not comply with the

request. 

Rather, on August 20, 2020, Mr. Allen responded by filing an Objection to Last Will

Dated 9-2- 14 Being Probated Into Court Proceedings and a Motion Dismissing And Striking

Notice of Objection In This Matter ( collectively, August 20th motions), contending the 2014

testament was " fake," had been fraudulently drafted only after Mr. Allen filed the intestate

succession pleadings, and that Mr. Brown' s signature on the testament was forged. To his

pleadings, Mr. Allen attached copies of the August 7, 2020 letter, the 2014 testament, and

Mr. Brown' s obituary.3 The trial court set a show cause hearing on the August 20th motions.4

On August 28, 2020, Mrs. Brown responded by filing a Petition to Open Succession, 

File Notarial Testament and Appoint Independent Executor, seeking to file Mr. Brown' s

attached 2014 testament, seeking to appoint herself as executor of his estate, claiming to

be Mr. Brown' s sole universal legatee, and contending that administration of the estate was

necessary. She further alleged Mr. Allen did not have standing to file an action, because

Mr. Allen was never acknowledged by the Decedent[,] ... no record of filiation exists in any

court record[,] ... [ and] Decedent did not list Mr. Allen as his child in his Last Will and

Testament." Mrs. Brown attached her Affidavit of Death, Domicile, and Heirship to the

petition, wherein she attested that she and Mr. Brown were married when he died, they had

three children during their marriage, and that Mr. Brown had fathered one other child, a

daughter. She then attested that Mr. Brown " had no other children" ( beside the previously

referenced four), and " never adopted any children ...." Mrs. Brown attached a second

affidavit by Georgia B. Harris, a Brown family acquaintance, wherein Ms. Harris attested to

the same facts as Mrs. Brown. 

On August 31, 2020, Mr. Allen responded by filing a Supplement to Objections to Last

Will dated 9- 2- 14 Being Probated Into Court Proceedings, a Motion to Strike Petition to Open

3

Under La. C. C. P. art. 2853, if a person has possession of a document purporting to be the testament of a

deceased person, even though he believes that the document is not the valid testament of the deceased, or

has doubts concerning the validity thereof, he shall present it to the court with his petition praying that the

document be filed in the record of the succession proceeding. A person so presenting a purported testament

to the court shall not be deemed to vouch for its authenticity or validity, nor precluded from asserting its

invalidity. 

4 The hearing was originally scheduled for December 7, 2020, but was twice continued and ultimately held

on March 8, 2021, at which time the trial court addressed the August 20th motions, as well as Mr. Allen' s later

motions filed on August 31, 2020, and Mrs. Brown' s later exceptions filed on November 25, 2020. 

3
Succession, File Notarial Testament, and Appoint Independent Executor, and a Motion to

Prohibit Col. Luke Rheams & Shirley Brown from Interfering with his Access to Probate Court, 

Litigation, and his Constitutional Rights ( collectively, August 31st motions). On September

2, 2020, Mr. Alien also filed an "'Objections/Answer" to Mrs. Brown' s petition. 

On September 3, 2020, the trial court signed an order, opening Mr. Brown' s

succession, ordering that his 2014 testament " had been probated and recorded," ordering

that it be executed, and appointing Mrs. Brown as the independent executor of Mr. Brown' s

succession, 

Mrs. Brown then filed exceptions to Mr. Allen' s August 20th and August 31st motions, -5

including an exception of no right of action, nonjoinder of a party, and lis pendens, and

sought sanctions against Mr. Allen under La. C. C. P. art. 863. Mr. Allen opposed the

exceptions; in support of his opposition, he introduced an East Baton Rouge Parish Family

Court judgment, dated March 4, 2015, where, in a prior paternity suit Mr. Allen had filed

against Mr. Brown, the court had ordered Mr. Brown to " submit to the collection of blood

and tissue samples" at a testing facility of Mr. Allen' s choice and at Mr. Allen' s costa It is

undisputed, however, that Mr. Brown did not submit to the ordered testing, and Mr. Allen' s

paternity suit remained pending when Mr. Brown died in 2020. 

On March 8, 2021, the trial court held a hearing on Mr. Allen' s August 20th and 311t

motions and on Mrs. Brown' s exceptions. No evidence was introduced at the hearing. On

April 9, 2021, the trial court signed a judgment, granting Mrs. Brown' s exception of no right

of action, sanctioning Mr. Allen under La. C. C. P. art. 863, and dismissing his August 20th and

5 When an opposition is filed in a succession proceeding, responsive pleadings, including exceptions to the

opposition, may be filed as provided in La. C. C. P. art. 2593. See La. C. C. P. art. 2973. Under La. C.C. P. art. 

2593, applicable to a summary proceeding, exceptions to an opposition shall be fled and disposed of prior to

the trial. 

6 A child may institute an action to prove paternity even though he is presumed to be the child of another

man. La. C. C. art. 197. In such an action, the court has authority to order blood and/ or tissue samples. See

La. R. S. 9: 396. 

4
31st motions against Mrs. Brown and Colonel Rheams.7 After the trial court denied his

motion for new trial, Mr. Allen appealed the April 9, 2021 judgment.$ 

RIGHT OF ACTION IN A

CONTRADICTORY SUCCESSION PROCEEDING

Mr. Allen contends the trial court erred in granting Mrs. Brown' s exception of no right

of action. Generally, an action can be brought only by a person having a real and actual

interest which he asserts. La. C. C. P. art. 681. The exception of no right of action is designed

to test whether the plaintiff belongs to the class of persons to whom the law grants the

cause of action asserted in the suit. La. C. C. P. art. 927(6); Louisiana EnvironmentalAction

Network, Inc. v. Brown, 19- 0607 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 1/ 9/ 20), 294 So.3d 1066, 1071, writ

denied, 20- 00246 ( La. 4/ 27/ 20), 295 So. 3d 950. The party raising the exception has the

burden of proving the plaintiff has no right of action to proceed with his claim. Id. 

Generally, on review of an exception of no right of action, this court reviews the

pleadings as well as any evidence submitted in support of or in opposition to the exception. 

See La. C.C. P. art. 931. However, there are specific procedural rules that apply to the

opening of a deceased' s succession, whether the succession is testate or intestate. See La. 

C. C. P. arts. 2811- 2826, 2971- 2974, and 3061- 3062. 9 And, when a specific procedural rule

governs in a succession proceeding, that specific rule governs over a more general

procedural rule. See Gerrets v. Gerrets, 06- 0087 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 1/ 10/ 07), 948 So. 2d 343, 

347- 48. Relevant here, in an uncontested succession proceeding, certain facts including

those necessary to establish the court's jurisdiction, such as the deceased's domicile at time

of death and his ownership of property in the state, may be evidenced by affidavits. See

On May 4, 2021, the trial court signed a partial judgment of possession, recognizing Mrs. Brown as Mr. 

Brown' s sole universal legatee, and placing her in possession and ownership of certain assets in Mr. Brown' s

estate. A judgment of possession is prima facie evidence of the right of heirs in whose favor it is rendered to

take possession of the decedent's estate; however, it is not a basis for a plea of res judicata or conclusive

evidence against persons having an adverse interest in or claim against the estate. Guidry v. Dufrene, 96- 

0194 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11/ 8/ 96), 687 So. 2d 1044, 1046. 

B Although captioned " Motion Requesting Reconsideration And/ Or Rehearing," the pleading was substantively

a motion for new trial. See Lexington Land Dev., L. L. 0 v. Chevron Pipeline Co., 20- 0622 ( La. App, 1 Cir. 

5/ 25/ 21), 327 So.3d 8, 17, writ denied, 21- 01194 ( La. 11/ 17/ 21), 327 So. 3d 996 ( noting that the Louisiana

Code of Civil Procedure does not provide for a motion for reconsideration; instead, such a motion is generally

treated as a motion for new trial). Further, we interpret Mr. Allen' s appeal from the judgment denying his

incorrectly captioned motion for new trial as an appeal from the judgment on the merits. See Doctors for

Women Med. Ctr., L. L. C. v. Breen, 19- 0582 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 11/ 20), 303 So. 3d 667, 671. 

9 Except as otherwise provided by law, the rules of pleading and service of process applicable in ordinary

proceedings shall apply to succession proceedings. La. C. C. P. art. 2971. Specific procedural rules applicable

to intestate successions are set forth in La. C. C. P. arts. 3001- 3008; and, specific procedural rules applicable

to testate successions are set forth in La. C.C. P. arts. 2851- 2904 and 3431-3035. 

5
La. C.C.P. arts. 2821- 22. However, in a contradictory succession proceeding, no fact that is

an issue may be proved by affidavit under La. C.C. P. arts. 2821- 22; rather, in such case, 

issues of fact shall be determined at a trial thereof only by evidence introduced as in ordinary

cases. La. C.C. P. art. 2824. Evidence " introduced as in ordinary cases" means testimony or

documentary evidence ( either viva voce in open court or by deposition) introduced in open

court at trial. La. C.C. P. art. 2824 — Official Revision Comments — 1960, Comment ( c). For

example, see State v. Twin Cities Memorial Gardens, Inc, 43, 568 ( La. App. 2 Cir. 9/ 17/ 08), 

997 So. 2d 16, 21 ( live testimony); Licfro, Inc. v. State, ex rel. Department of Revenue, 

Office ofAlcohol and Tobacco Control, 03- 0737 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 10/ 1/ 03), 859 So.2d 7391F

742 ( oral argument is not evidence); Kilbourne v. Hunt, 276 So. 2d 742, 744-45 ( La. App. 1

Cir. 1973) ( live testimony). 

In this case, Mr. Allen commenced the action as a purported intestate heir of Mr. 

Brown. After receiving Mr. Brown's purported 2014 testament, Mr. Allen filed an objection

to probate of that testament, claiming that it was invalid. See La. C.C. P. arts. 2853, 2881, 

and 2902. Thus, when Mrs. Brown thereafter filed a petition to probate the testament, the

trial court had Mr. Allen' s objection before it, the matter was a contradictory matter, and

the trial court could only probate the 2014 testament at a contradictory trial. See La. C.C. P. 

art. 2901. Contrast Succession of Teal, 21- 226 ( La. App. 5 Cir. 6/ 4/ 21), So. 3d , 

2021 WL 2301802, * 3 ( finding that, when there is no objection from parties to a

succession, the trial court has a mandatory obligation, under La. C. C. P. art. 2891, to probate

a notarial testament, when such is presented). 

At the March 8, 2021 contradictory hearing herein, the parties did not introduce

evidence; thus, the only evidence before the trial court at that time consisted of pleadings

and attachments thereto, namely, the conflicting affidavits of death, domicile, and heirship, 

the contested 2014 testament, Mr. Brown' s obituary, and the March 4, 2015 judgment

ordering Mr. Brown' s submission to testing. 10 In a typical civil case, the trial court could

have decided the exception of no right of action solely on this evidence. See La. C. C. P. art. 

io In brief, Mr. Allen relies on documents allegedly written by one of Mr. Brown's daughters and by Mr. Brown' s

niece as evidence. These documents physically appear in the appellate record but are not properly attached

as exhibits to any pleading. See La. C. C. P. art. 853. Documents not properly offered and introduced cannot

be considered as evidence, even if physically placed in the record. Bailey v. Loewe, 19- 0915 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 

8/ 3/ 20), 310 So. 3d 746, 748. 

2u
931. However, in this contradictory succession proceeding, under La. C. C. P. art. 2824, the

trial court was prohibited from deciding the exception of no right of action solely on these

filings, because the determination of whether Mr. Allen has a right of action herein includes

contested issues of fact. Thus, under specific rules applicable to contradictory succession

proceedings, we conclude the parties were required to file " evidence introduced as in

ordinary cases" at the March 8, 2021 hearing, and, absent such, the trial court committed

legal error in granting Mrs. Brown' s exception of no right of action as to Mr. Allen' s August

201' and August 31 motions. We vacate the April 9, 2021 judgment as to this ruling and

remand this matter for a contradictory hearing as provided in La. C. C. P. arts. 2901- 2904. 

Because we vacate the judgment on this basis, we also vacate the judgment's imposition of

sanctions against Mr. Allen. 

MOTION TO PROHIBIT COLONEL LUKE RHEAMS AND MRS. BROWN

FROM INTERFERING WITH MR. ALLEN' S ACCESS TO PROBATE COURT

Mr. Allen next contends the trial court erred in dismissing his " Motion to Prohibit Cal. 

Luke Rheams & Shirley Brown From [ Interfering] With [ his] Access to Probate Court, 

Litigation, and [ his] Constitutional Rights." In the motion, Mr. Allen alleged that Colonel

Luke Rheams, an official at the prison where Mr. Allen was housed, conspired with Mrs. 

Brown to keep him from mailing copies of pleadings he filed in the case to Brown family

members. As to the claim against Colonel Rheams, we agree with the trial court that it had

no subject matter jurisdiction to address this claim absent Mr. Allen' s exhaustion of available

administrative remedies. See generally La. R.S. 15: 1171, etseq.; Collins v. Vanny, 14- 0675

La. App. 1 Cir. 1/ 15/ 15), 169 So. 3d 405, 407. As to Mrs. Brown, the trial court did not

specifically rule on the motion as to Mrs. Brown. Where a trial court's ruling is silent as to

any demand at issue under the pleadings, however, such silence constitutes an absolute

rejection of such demand. Lovell v. Blazer Boats, Inc., 11- 1666 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 10/ 24/ 12), 

104 So -3d 549, 558. Further, Mr. Allen produced no evidence that Mrs. Brown conspired

with anyone to interfere with his access to probate court. In light of the lack of evidence to

prove such, we find the trial court did not err in implicitly rejecting this claim against Mrs. 

Brown. 

FA
CONCLUSION

For the above reasons, we vacate the trial court's April 9, 2021 judgment insofar as

it: granted Mrs. Brown' s exception of no right of action; dismissed Mr. Allen' s Objection to

Last Will Dated 9- 2- 14 Being Probated into Court Proceedings filed on August 20, 2020; 

dismissed Mr. Allen' s Motion Dismissing and Striking Notice of Objection In This Matter filed

on August 20, 2020; dismissed Mr. Allen' s Supplement to Objections to Last Will dated 9- 2- 

14 filed on August 31, 2020; dismissed Mr. Allen' s Motion to Strike Petition to Open

Succession, File Notarial Testament and Appoint Independent Executor filed on August 31, 

2020; and, sanctioned Mr. Alien under Louisiana C.C. P. art. 863. In all other respects, we

affirm the trial court's April 9, 2021 judgment. We assess costs of the appeal one-half to

Derrick Jerome Allen and one- half to Shirley Mae Miles Brown." 

AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART; REMANDED. 

11 Although Mr. Allen filed his appeal in forma pauperis, the costs of an unsuccessful appeal may be assessed

against him. Pierre v. Dept ofPub. Safety& Corr., 2020-0480 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 30/ 20), 2020 WL 7770405, 

3, n. 5; Foster v. Tinnea, 96-2178 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12129/ 97), 705 5o.2d 782, 787. 

8
STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2022 CA 0091

SUCCESSION OF HEZEKIAH BROWN, JR. 

Holdridge, J., concurring. 

I respectfully concur. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 922

recognizes only three exceptions: the declinatory exception, the dilatory exception, 

and the peremptory exception. Louisiana. Code of Civil Procedure articles 925, 926, 

and provide non- inclusive lists of objections that may be raised by the three

exceptions. In this case, the appellant appeals a judgment that granted a peremptory

exception raising the objection of no right of action, For brevity, the majority

opinion refers to the objection of no right of action as an exception of no right of

action. While often misused by all courts, there is no exception ofno right ofaction. 

See La. C. C. P. arts. 922, 927. This objection maybe raised through a peremptory

exception in accordance with La. C. C.P. art. 927.