Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed February 22, 2024.

In The

Fourteenth Court of Appeals

NO. 14-22-00886-CV

MARY RUFFIN, Appellant

V.

MARK HENRY, Appellee

On Appeal from the County Civil Court at Law No. 2

Harris County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. 1187565

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Appellant Mary Ruffin appeals the lower court’s dismissal of her health care 

liability claim. We affirm.

Background

Ruffin received medical treatment to her left hand and wrist from appellee 

Mark Henry, who is a doctor specializing in hand and wrist care. Ruffin later sued 

Henry in Harris County justice court, alleging medical malpractice, which is a 
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health care liability claim governed by the Texas Medical Liability Act. See 

generally Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code ch. 74. 

Attorney Timothy Hootman initially represented Henry. Henry later notified 

the court that Hootman was withdrawing as counsel and two other attorneys, Cris 

Feldman and Kimberly Dang, were substituting as counsel of record for Henry.

Henry moved to dismiss Ruffin’s suit for failure to serve an expert report. 

See id. § 74.351(b). The justice of the peace granted the motion and dismissed 

Ruffin’s claims with prejudice. See id. § 74.351(b)(2). Ruffin appealed the 

dismissal order to a county civil court at law. See id. § 51.001(a) (party to a final 

judgment in justice court may appeal to the county court).

Ruffin’s appeal was initially docketed in County Civil Court at Law No. 3. 

Ruffin moved to recuse the judge of Court No. 3, and the judge voluntarily 

recused. The division presiding judge then transferred Ruffin’s appeal to County 

Civil Court of Law No. 2. 

A case on appeal from a justice court is tried de novo in the county or 

district court. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 506.3. In county court, Henry again moved to 

dismiss Ruffin’s suit based on her failure to file an expert report. He also sought 

attorney’s fees incurred in association with the motions to dismiss. The county 

court dismissed Ruffin’s claims with prejudice and ordered that Ruffin pay Henry 

attorney’s fees.

Ruffin filed a further appeal in this court.

Analysis

Ruffin, an unrepresented party, raises seven issues, many of which are not 

supported by any discernable argument or citation to applicable legal authority or 
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to the record.

1 As a pro se litigant, Ruffin is held to the same standards as a 

licensed attorney and must comply with all applicable rules of procedure. See 

Harrison v. Reiner, 607 S.W.3d 450, 457 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2020, 

pet. denied). A pro se litigant must properly present her case on appeal; if this 

were not the rule, pro se litigants would benefit from an unfair advantage over 

those parties represented by counsel. Canton-Carter v. Baylor Coll. of Med., 271 

S.W.3d 928, 930 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.). We do not 

apply different standards simply because a case is presented by a pro se litigant.

Id. Nonetheless, we construe her brief liberally to reach her appellate issues on the 

merits when possible. Id. We remain mindful of these standards as we address 

Ruffin’s issues.

In her first issue, Ruffin challenges the jurisdiction of the lower courts. 

Ruffin filed a small claims petition in the Justice Court of Harris County, alleging 

that she had suffered injuries as a result of Henry’s negligence. Ruffin sought 

$20,000 in damages, which is within the jurisdictional limits of the justice court. 

Tex. Gov’t Code § 27.031(a)(1) (“In addition to the jurisdiction and powers 

provided by the constitution and other law, the justice court has original 

jurisdiction of . . . civil matters in which exclusive jurisdiction is not in the district 

or county court and in which the amount in controversy is not more than $20,000, 

exclusive of interest.”). The justice court had jurisdiction over Ruffin’s claims.

A case on appeal from a justice court is tried de novo in the county or 

district court. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 506.3; Abbott v. Hearthwood I Ass’n, Inc., No. 

14-18-00333-CV, 2020 WL 1026443, at *2, (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 

Mar. 3, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.). To invoke the county court’s appellate 

jurisdiction, Ruffin was required to file a bond, cash deposit, or statement of 

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In an appendix, we quote Ruffin’s issues verbatim from her appellate brief.
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inability to pay court costs in the justice court within twenty-one days after the 

dismissal order. Tex. R. Civ. P. 506.1(a). The justice court’s dismissal order was 

signed May 18, 2022; Ruffin timely filed a cash deposit on June 6, 2022. The 

county court had jurisdiction over Ruffin’s appeal.

We overrule Ruffin’s first issue.

In her second issue, Ruffin argues that the transfer (from County Civil Court 

No. 3 to County Civil Court No. 2) was improper because the order of transfer 

lacked a requisite signature.

The transfer order was signed both by the division presiding judge and the 

judge of County Court No. 3. The local rules for the Harris County Civil Courts at 

Law provide that “[a]ny case may be transferred from court to another court by 

written order of the Administrative Judge of the County Civil Courts at Law 

division . . . .” See Local R. 3.2.5. Ruffin does not direct us to any authority 

requiring any signatures other those reflected in the record. We overrule Ruffin’s 

second issue.

In her third issue, Ruffin contends that Henry’s substitute counsel, Feldman 

and Dang, had no authority because the justice court judge did not sign an order 

permitting Hootman’s withdrawal. Rule 8 of the Rules of Civil Procedure governs 

the designation of an attorney-in-charge. An attorney-in-charge may be changed 

by filing a written notice with service to other parties. Tex. R. Civ. P. 8. The rule 

does not expressly require a motion or that an order be signed. The motion to 

substitute counsel expressly states that Hootman would withdraw, and that 

Feldman and Dang would represent Henry going forward. Thereafter, Feldman

and Dang filed numerous documents and appeared before the court on Henry’s 

behalf. We conclude the motion to substitute counsel, which was not ruled upon 

by the court, satisfies the requirement of written notice. See Block v. Providian 
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Nat’l Bank, No. 05-03-00734-CV, 2004 WL 1551485, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas

July 12, 2004, pet. denied) (mem. op.). We overrule Ruffin’s third issue.

In her fourth and fifth issues, Ruffin argues that the trial court erred in 

awarding Henry his attorney’s fees. A defendant who successfully moves to 

dismiss a plaintiff’s health care liability claim is statutorily entitled to his 

attorney’s fees. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 74.351(b)(1). We overrule 

Ruffin’s fourth and fifth issues.

In her sixth issue, Ruffin alleges that the county court clerk violated Texas 

Rule of Civil Procedure 145. Rule 145 provides:

A party who files a Statement of Inability to Afford Payment of Court 

Costs cannot be required to pay costs except by order of the court as 

provided by this rule. After the Statement is filed, the clerk must 

docket the case, issue citation, and provide any other service that is 

ordinarily provided to a party. The Statement must either be sworn to 

before a notary or made under penalty of perjury. In this rule, 

“declarant” means the party filing the Statement.

Tex. R. Civ. P. 145(a).

A declarant under this rule must use a form approved by the Supreme Court

and made available free of charge by court clerks or, alternatively, include in the 

statement all information required by the Court-approved form. Tex. R. Civ. P. 

145(b). The only ground for refusing to file a rule 145 statement is if is “not sworn 

to before a notary or made under penalty of perjury.” Tex. R. Civ. P. 145(d). “No 

other defect is a ground for refusing to file a Statement or requiring the party to 

pay costs.” Id. Instead, if a defect or omission in a rule 145 statement is material, 

the court may direct the declarant to correct or clarify the statement. Id.

As best we can tell from Ruffin’s brief, she argues that she attempted to file

a statement of inability to pay costs but the clerk allegedly refused to file it. 
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However, the record shows that the clerk for the county court certified, “Clerk’s 

record fee of $869.00 was waived do [sic] to Plaintiff Mary Ruffin’s Affidavit of 

Inability filed with Harris County Civil Courts on November 11, 2022.” We 

overrule Ruffin’s sixth issue.

In her seventh issue, Ruffin argues that she was denied due process of law 

because the case was docketed in the “wrong court.” We do not see any support in 

the record that the case was docketed in the wrong court at any stage of these 

proceedings. Rather, the record shows that, after Ruffin moved to recuse the judge 

of County Civil Court No. 3, the administrative judge transferred the case to

County Civil Court No. 2. We overrule Ruffin’s seventh and final issue.

Submission on Briefs

When she filed her appellant’s brief, Ruffin requested oral argument, as was 

her right. Tex. R. App. P. 39.1. Because the issues are authoritatively settled,

however, the panel denied oral argument and voted to submit the case on the 

briefing. Id. Ruffin moved for reconsideration, which the court denied. Ruffin 

then filed a “Response to the Court Refusal to Allow an Oral Hearing.” This filing

consists of little more than personal attacks and conclusory allegations of 

wrongdoing by this court, the trial judge, the county clerk, and opposing counsel. 

A line exists between zealous advocacy and inappropriate conduct. Though 

appellant is not a lawyer and is unrepresented by a lawyer in this case, she should 

know the boundaries of respectful behavior. Non-lawyer litigants are expected to 

acquit themselves in a manner befitting the dignity of the public forum in which 

they appear and are encouraged to participate. See Gleason v. Isbell, 145 S.W.3d 

354, 355-61 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.) (Frost, J., concurring

and dissenting) (citing Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184-85 
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(Tex. 1978) (stating that “[t]he right of self-representation is not a license to abuse 

the dignity of the courtroom”)).

Conclusion

We affirm the judgment of Harris County Civil Court at Law No. 2.

/s/ Kevin Jewell

Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jewell, Zimmerer, and Wilson.
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Appendix

Statement of Issues

Issue Number 1: Did the trial court have jurisdiction of the subject 

matter in which the case was Dismissed? 

Issue Number 2: Since the trial court transfer must be with 

agreement of an written signature without the signature is anything 

ruled on by the Trial Judge valid? 

Issue Number 3: Did Cris Feldman and Kimberly Dang have rights 

according to the Rules that govern the court’s to file any documents in 

reference to this litigation? 

Issue Number 4: Did the trial court have jurisdiction to grant attorney 

fees for the countless hours, wasted money, and resources occurring in 

the Justice of Peace Court that was not appealed?

Issue Number 5: Did the trial court have jurisdiction to grant any 

Attorney Fees? 

Issue Number 6: Did the clerks failed to obey Tex. R. Civ. P. 145? 

Issue Number 7: Did the failure of the court to put the case in the 

correct court deny due process?