NUMBER 13-09-00620-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG 

 

IN THE INTEREST OF E.E.F., A CHILD

 

On appeal from the 24th District Court

 of Calhoun County, Texas.

 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Benavides and Vela

Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez

In this restricted appeal, appellant, Ramon Albert Sanchez, complains about the trial

court’s granting of a default judgment in favor of appellees, the Office of the Attorney

General of Texas (the “Attorney General’s Office”) and Heather Farni. The default

judgment, entered on May 26, 2009, concluded that Sanchez is the biological father of

E.E.F. and, among other things, ordered Sanchez to pay child support and medical support

to Farni. By one issue, Sanchez contends that the default judgment should be vacated

and the cause remanded for further proceedings in the trial court because “the return of
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citation was not on file ten days prior to the grant of default judgment, as required by law.”

We reverse and remand. 

I. BACKGROUND

On March 10, 2009, the Attorney General’s Office filed a “Petition to Establish the

Parent-Child Relationship,” requesting the trial court to determine whether Sanchez is the

biological father of E.E.F. The trial court set the hearing for the Attorney General’s Office’s

petition for May 26, 2009.

Prior to the May 26, 2009 hearing, the Attorney General’s Office attempted to serve

Sanchez with citation at his place of employment in Houston, Harris County, Texas. The

citation contained in the record has a file stamp of June 26, 2009, and reflects that service

was returned on May 26, 2009. However, another notation on the citation reflects that

Sanchez was served on March 30, 2009. In any event, Sanchez maintains on appeal that

he neitherreceived service of the Attorney General’s Office’s petition, nor notice of the May

26, 2009 hearing. As a result, Sanchez never filed an answer in this case.

On May 26, 2009, the trial court conducted a hearing on the Attorney General’s

Office’s petition even though Sanchez did not appear. The trial court: (1) determined that

Sanchez is the biological father of E.E.F.; (2) appointed Farni and Sanchez as joint

managing conservators and granted Farni the power to determine the child’s primary

residence; (3) ordered Sanchez to pay $222 per month in child support, 50% of the cost

of health care for E.E.F., and $24 per month in “cash medical support”; and (4) ordered

Sanchez to pay $7,170 in back child support, dating from March 20, 2006 to the date of the

hearing.

Sanchez did not file any post-judgment motions or request any findings of fact or

conclusions of law. On November 10, 2009, Sanchez filed his notice of restricted appeal.
 Rule 26.1(a) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure provides that a notice of appeal must be 1

filed within ninety days after the judgment has been signed if any party timely files: (1) a motion for new trial;

(2) a motion to modify the judgment; (3) a motion to reinstate under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 165a; or

(4) a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law if such a request was required by the rules of civil

procedure or could properly be considered by the appellate court. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(a).

 The trial court signed the complained-of order on May 26, 2009, and Sanchez filed his notice of 2

appeal on November 11, 2009, within six months of May 26, 2009.

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See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(c), 30.

II. RESTRICTED APPEAL

To attack a trial court’s judgment by restricted appeal, Sanchez must show that: (1)

a notice of appeal was filed within six months of the date the complained-of judgment was

signed; (2) Sanchez was a party to the suit who did not participate in the hearing that

resulted in the judgment or order; (3) Sanchez did not timely file a post-judgment motion,

request findings of fact and conclusions of law, or file a notice of appeal within the time

permitted under rule 26.1(a) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure; and (4) the 1

complained-of error is apparent from the face of the record. TEX. R. APP. P. 30; see

Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004); Tex. Dep’t of Pub.

Safety v. Fredricks, 235 S.W.3d 275, 278 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2007, no pet.); see

also TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(c).

Sanchez filed his notice of appeal within six months of the date that the trial court

signed the order. Sanchez is a proper party to this suit because he was named in the 2

Attorney General’s Office’s petition as the potential biological father of E.E.F. The record

reflects that Sanchez did not participate in the May 26, 2009 hearing. In his notice of

restricted appeal, Sanchez states that he did not file any post-judgment motions, request

findings of fact and conclusions of law, or file a notice of appeal, and the record does not

show otherwise. Finally, as addressed below and conceded by the Attorney General’s

Office, the complained-of error—the defect in service of citation—is apparent from the face
 The Attorney General’s Office does argue that Sanchez is not entitled to the request in his prayer 3

that “all relief sought by Appellee be denied” and that the family code prohibits the assessment of appellate

costs against the Attorney General’s Office. Because we do not address the underlying merits of the Attorney

General’s Office’s petition pertaining to the parentage of E.E.F. in this opinion, we agree that Sanchez is solely

entitled to a remand of this cause for a hearing on the Attorney General’s Office’s petition. Furthermore, we

agree that appellate costs shall not be assessed against the Attorney General’s Office. See TEX. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 231.001 (Vernon 2008) (recognizing the Attorney General’s Office as the state’s “Title IV-D agency”),

§§ 231.002(a)(3) (Vernon Supp. 2009) (empowering the Attorney General’s Office to initiate legal actions

pertaining to the parent-child relationship), 231.101(a)(2), (3) (providing that the Attorney General’s Office may

provide services to determine paternity and establish child support and medical support), 231.202 (listing

various fees that the Attorney General’s Office is responsible for paying; the list is silent with respect to the

costs of appellate review), § 231.204 (Vernon 2008) (providing that the Attorney General’s Office may not be

charged for “a filing fee or other costs payable to a clerk of an appellate court”).

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of the record. See Norman Commc’ns v. Tex. Eastman Co., 955 S.W.2d 269, 270 (Tex.

1997) (per curiam) (stating that, the face of the record, for purposes of restricted appeals,

consists of all the papers on file in the appeal). Therefore, we conclude that Sanchez has

satisfied each element for obtaining relief through this restricted appeal. 

III. THE SERVICE DEFECT

By his sole issue on appeal, Sanchez argues that the trial court’s May 26, 2009

judgment should be vacated and the case should be remanded for further proceedings

because the return of citation was not on file ten days prior to the grant of the default

judgment, as required by Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 107. See TEX. R. CIV.P. 107. The

Attorney General’s Office agrees. 

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A. Applicable Law

Citation may be served by any sheriff or constable or other person authorized by

law, or by any person of at least eighteen years of age authorized by law or by written court

order. Id. at R. 103. The return of service must be endorsed by the officer or authorized

person executing the citation. Id. at R. 107. If the return is by an authorized person, it

must be verified. Id. Rule 107 also requires that “[n]o default judgment shall be granted

in any cause until the citation . . . with proof of service . . . shall have been on file with the

clerk of the court ten days, exclusive of the day of filing and the day of judgment.” Id.
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“Strict compliance with the rules for service of citation [must] affirmatively appear on

the record in order for a default judgment to withstand direct attack.” Primate Constr., Inc.

v. Silver, 884 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. 1994). Failure to comply with the rules governing

service of citation constitutes error on the face of the record. Id. at 153 (“Proper service

not being affirmatively shown, there is error on the face of the record, and the court of

appeals erred in holding otherwise.”); see Ins. Co. of State of Pa., v. Lejune, 297 S.W.3d

254, 256 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam). “There are no presumptions in favor of valid issuance,

service, and return of citation in the face of a writ of error attack on a default judgment.”

Silver, 884 S.W.2d at 152; see Hubicki v. Festina, 226 S.W.3d 405, 407 (Tex. 2007) (per

curiam); see also Maib v. Maib, No. 13-08-00413-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 4135, at *4

(Tex. App.–Corpus Christi June 11, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing Wachovia Bank of

Del., Nat’l Ass’n v. Gilliam, 215 S.W.3d 848, 850 (Tex. 2007) (per curiam)). Rather, when

a default judgment is entered, we will “rigidly enforce the rules governing service,” because

“the only ground supporting the judgment is that the defendant has failed to

respond to the action in conformity with the applicable procedure for doing

so. If the defendant can then show that the person commencing the action

was guilty of comparable nonconformity with procedure rules, under a

principle of equality the derelictions offset each other . . . .”

Festina, 226 S.W.3d at 408 (quoting Wilson v. Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833, 837 (Tex. 1990)).

“Moreover, failure to affirmatively show strict compliance with the Rules of Civil Procedure

renders the attempted service of process invalid and of no effect.” Uvalde County Club v.

Martin Linen Supply Co., 690 S.W.2d 884, 885 (Tex. 1985).

B. Discussion

Here, the record contains a citation that was issued on March 10, 2009. The citation

states that service was returned on May 26, 2009; however, the attached page to the

citation notes that Sanchez was served on March 30, 2009, and the notation was signed
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by a Harris County Constable from Precinct #4. In any event, the citation was file-stamped

by the Calhoun County District Clerk on June 26, 2009, even though the hearing on this

matter transpired on May 26, 2009. As noted above, rule 107 of the rules of civil procedure

requires that the citation be executed and endorsed by the serving agent authorized by law

and be on file with the Calhoun County District Clerk for ten days “exclusive of the day of

filing and the day of judgment.” See TEX. R. CIV. P. 107. Moreover, rule 107 dictates that

no default judgment shall be entered if the citation has not been on file with the clerk of the

court for ten days. See id. Because the citation in this case was file-stamped on June 26,

2009, and, therefore, was not on file with the Calhoun County District Clerk for ten days

preceding the May 26, 2009 default judgment, we conclude that the Attorney General’s

Office did not strictly comply with rule 107 of the rules of civil procedure, and the failure to

do so constitutes error on the face of the record; thus, the trial court erred in granting

default judgment against Sanchez. See id.; Lejune, 297 S.W.3d at 256; Festina, 226

S.W.3d at 407-08; Silver, 884 S.W.2d at 152-53; see also Maib, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS

4135, at *4. Accordingly, we sustain Sanchez’s sole issue.

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, we reverse the trial court’s May 26, 2009 judgment and

remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

 

ROGELIO VALDEZ,

Chief Justice

Delivered and filed the

29th day of April, 2010.