# Patent

## Title
Electric actuator

## Abstract

An electric actuator has a motor, an electricity storing body, a switch and a resetting unit. The switch is provided in a supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor. The switch opens the supply path for electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor, in response to an instruction from an operator. The resetting unit is operated through receiving a supply of electric power from the external power supply when the external power supply has been restored from being cut off. The resetting unit closes the switch that is provided in the supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-106570, filed on May 8, 2012, the entire content of which being hereby incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
The present invention relates to an electric actuator for driving force controlled elements such as valves and dampers.
BACKGROUND
Conventionally, in air-conditioning equipment electric actuators have been used for performing operations for opening and closing valves that are installed within cold or hot water pipes, and operations for adjusting the openings of dampers in order to increase or decrease the flow rate of conditioned air that is supplied to an air-conditioned area through a duct.
In a normal electric actuator of this type, a motor is provided with in the electric actuator, to operate so as to cause the opening of the controlled element such as a valve or a damper to go to a setting opening in response to a control command from an air conditioner controller.
With this type of electric actuator, if there is an interruption to the power that is supplied, the degree of opening of the controlled element maintains the operating opening from immediately prior to the power outage, and appropriate opening control is no longer performed.
Given this, there have been proposals, that have been put into practice, for electric actuators of a type wherein, if there is an interruption to the power that is supplied to the electric actuator, it is forcibly driven to a specific opening (such as fully closed) and maintains that specific opening until the power supply is again restored to the normal state. In the below, this type of electric actuator will be termed “an electric actuator with an emergency shutdown function.”
At present, there are, specifically, two types of electric actuators with emergency shutdown functions that have been proposed, one type known as the spring return type, and the other type known as the secondary power supply driven type.
The spring return-type electric actuator is loaded with a return spring that applies a force on the driveshaft of the electric actuator so as to maintain a fully-closed state of the controlled element, where, when power is supplied, a driving motor is driven against the force applied by the return spring to adjust the opening of the controlled element, such as a valve or a damper, and if the power is interrupted the force applied by the return spring forcibly drives the controlled element, such as the valve or the damper, to the specific opening.
On the other hand, in the secondary power supply driven-type electric actuator, an electricity storing body structured from a storage battery or an electric double-layer capacitor or the like, is provided, where, when power is supplied, a motor is driven by the power supply to adjust the opening of the controlled element, such as a valve or a damper, and when the power is interrupted the electricity storing body is used as the operating power supply to drive the electric motor to drive the controlled element, such as the valve or the damper, forcibly to the specific opening.
However, when these two types of electric actuators with emergency shutdown functions are compared, in the spring return type the force applied by the return spring acts in resistance to the driving by the motor during normal operation, requiring the use of a motor with a large torque in order to overcome this resistance, and thus there is the shortcoming that this causes the electric actuator to be large, heavy, and costly.
In contrast, with the secondary power supply driven type, there is no shortcoming such as in the spring return type, and in recent years there have been improvements in the storage capacity of the storage batteries or electric double layer capacitors that serve as the electricity storing body, causing the secondary power supply driven-type electric actuator to be advantageous.
FIG. 7 illustrates a motor driving circuit for an electric shutdown valve set forth in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H11-101359 (the “JP '359”). In this figure, 1 is a commercial power supply, 2 is a power supply switch, 3 is a constant voltage circuit for converting an AC voltage into a specific DC voltage, 4 is a relay, 5 is a motor (DC motor), 6 is an opening-side limit switch, 7 is a closing-side limit switch, 8 and 9 are contact points (relay contact points) of the relay 4, 10 is an electricity storing body (electric double layer capacitor), 11 is a diode, and 12 is a resistance.
In this motor driving circuit, when the power supply switch 2 is turned ON, a DC voltage is outputted from the constant voltage circuit 3, magnetically exciting the relay 4, causing the relay contact points 8 and 9 to both switch to the terminals 8a and 9a. At this time, the motor 5 is in an intermediate opening state, where the opening-side limit switch 6 is at the terminal 6a side and the closing-side limit switch 7 is at the terminal 7a side. Moreover, let us assume that a full-open instruction has been received as an opening instruction.
Given this, the motor 5 rotates to drive the valve in the opening direction. Following this, when the opening-side limit switch 6 operates to switch to the terminal 6b side, that is, when the valve is fully open, the motor 5 stops. On the other hand, the electricity storing body 10 is charged through the resistance 12.
If, in this state, a power outage were to occur, then the DC voltage would cease to be outputted from the constant voltage circuit 3, the magnetic excitation of the relay 4 would disappear, and the relay contact points 8 and 9 would switch to the respective terminal 8b and 9b sides. At this time, the electric power stored in the electricity storing body 10 would flow through the diode 11 and the closing-side limit switch 7 to be supplied to the motor 5, to run the motor 5 in the opposite direction, to drive the valve in the closing direction. When the closing-side limit switch 7 operates to switch to the terminal 7b side, that is, when the valve is fully closed, the motor 5 stops.
However, with the motor driving circuit illustrated in FIG. 7, during maintenance there are cases wherein one may wish to maintain the valve opening at an arbitrary position other than being fully closed with the power supply switch 2 OFF, and in such cases it is necessary to discharge the power that is stored in the electricity storing body 10.
That is, when, during maintenance, the power supply switch 2 is turned OFF, the motor 5 is forcibly driven by the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 10, because a situation that is identical to that of a power outage has occurred, so the valve will fully close. When, in such a state, one attempts to move this fully-closed valve in the opening direction, the closing-side limit switch 7 switches to the terminal 7a side, and the supply of electric power from the electricity storing body 10 to the motor 5 is restarted, so the motor 5 attempts to return the valve to the fully-closed state.
Consequently, when, at the time of maintenance, one wishes to turn the power supply switch 2 OFF and maintain the valve opening at an arbitrary position other than fully closed, it is necessary to discharge the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 10 until the motor no longer attempts to return the valve to the fully-closed state. Because of this, not only does this produce waiting time in the operation, waiting for the discharge to be complete, but also wastes the electric power that is discharged.
Note that Japanese Patent 4774207 (the “JP '207”) shows a shutdown valve equipped with switching means and power supply monitoring means between a rechargeable power supply (electricity storing body) and actuator (motor), where, when the power supply monitoring means detect a power outage, the switching means are turned ON to connect the rechargeable power supply to the actuator, where, when the actuator is operated by the connected rechargeable power supply and becomes fully closed, the switching means turn OFF, to terminate the connection between the rechargeable power supply and the actuator, where the valve can be opened using an opening/closing handle.
FIG. 8 illustrates a motor driving circuit contemplating the application of the technology shown in the JP 207. In this motor driving circuit, a switch 13 that is configured corresponding to the switching means described in the JP 207 is provided and a power supply monitoring portion 14, structured corresponding to the power supply monitoring means, is provided. The power supply monitoring portion 14 detects a power outage to turn the switch 13 ON.
In the configuration illustrated in this FIG. 8, when, at the time of maintenance, the power supply switch 2 is turned OFF, not only do the relay contact points 8 and 9 switch to the terminal 8b and 9b sides, but the switch 13 is turned ON by the power supply monitoring portion 14, and the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 10 is supplied to the motor 5 through the diodell, the closing-side limit switch 7 and the switch 13. Doing so causes the motor 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, so the valve is driven in the closing direction. When the closing-side limit switch 7 operates to switch to the terminal 7b side, that is, when the valve is fully closed, the motor 5 stops. Moreover, when the valve is fully closed, the switch 13 is turned OFF.
Once the switch 13 has been turned OFF, then the OFF state is maintained regardless of the state of opening/closing of the valve. Because of this, when the handle is operated manually to drive the valve open, the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 10 is not supplied to the motor 5, notwithstanding the closing-side limit switch 7 operating to switch to the terminal 7a side. Because of this, it is possible to manually drive the valve open, even without discharging the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 10.
However, while, with this configuration, it is necessary to turn the switch 13 ON in order to restore the normal operating state after maintenance has been completed, when the operation for returning the switch 13 to ON (the operation for restoring the normal operating state) is performed manually, there is the possibility that there will be forgotten the restoration operation. Moreover, while one may consider providing timing means to turn the switch 13 ON after a specific amount of time has elapsed after the valve is closed, based on the time of the timing means, there is a problem that this constrains the time over which the valve can be opened and closed manually.
SUMMARY
The present invention was created to solve such problems, and an aspect thereof is to provide an electric actuator wherein maintenance can be performed without a completely discharging the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body, without forgetfulness of the operation for restoring the normal operating state, and without time constraints.
The present invention, in order to achieve such an aspect, is an electric actuator having a motor that receives a supply of electric power from an external power supply to drive a controlled element and an electricity storing body that is charged through receiving a supply of electric power from the external power supply, wherein, at a time wherein the external power supply is cut off, the motor is driven forcibly by electric power stored in the electricity storing body, and when the arrival of the controlled element, driven by the motor, at a specific opening is detected, the supply of power from the electricity storing body to the motor is cut off. The electric actuator further has a switch provided in a supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor, for opening the supply path for electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor, in response to an instruction from an operator, a resetting unit operated through receiving a supply of electric power from the external power supply when the external power supply has been restored from being cut off. The resetting unit closes the switch that is provided in the supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor.
Given the present invention, when, at the time of maintenance, the external power supply is cut off, the motor is forcibly driven by the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body. Following this, when it is detected that the controlled element driven by the motor has reached a specific opening (for example, fully closed), the supply of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor is cut off. For example, when the arrival at fully-closed is detected by a closing-side limit switch, the supply of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor is cut off.
In the present invention, a switch is provided in the supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor. The switch is closed in the normal operating state. When an operator wishes to perform maintenance, the operator opens the switch. Given this, even if the controlled element is operated manually, the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body is not supplied to the motor, so there is no need to discharge the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body.
Moreover, in the present invention, after maintenance has been completed and the external power supply is restored, the supply of power from the external power supply is received and the setting unit operates to close the switch that is provided in the supply path for electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor. This causes the normal operating state to be restored automatically by switching the switch automatically from the opened state to the closed state at the point in time at which power is supplied again, after the completion of maintenance. As a result, there will not be forgotten the operation for restoring the normal operating state. Moreover, the controlled element can be operated manually until the power is restored, so there are no time constraints.
Given the present invention, a switch for opening a supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor in response to an instruction from an operator, and a resetting unit, for closing the switch that is provided in the supply path for electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor, operated by receiving a supply of electric power from the external power supply when the external power supply is restored from the interruption, are provided, so that at the point in time at which the power is restored after maintenance has been completed, the switch is switched automatically from being open to being closed, thus restoring the normal operating state automatically, making it possible to perform maintenance without completely discharging the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body, without forgetfulness of the operation for restoring to the normal operating state, and without time constraints.



BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating the critical portions of an example of an electric actuator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the electric actuator when the power supply switch of the electric actuator is ON.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the electric actuator when there is a power outage.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the electric actuator when the power supply switch is turned OFF at the time of maintenance.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the state of transition to the maintenance mode in this electric actuator.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the state of the electric actuator when the power supply switch is turned ON when maintenance has been completed.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a motor driving circuit for an electric shutdown valve set forth in the JP '359.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a motor driving circuit contemplating the application of the technology described in the 'JP 207.



DETAILED DESCRIPION
A form of example according to the present invention will be explained below in detail, based on the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating the critical portions in an example of an electric actuator according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 21 is a commercial power supply, 22 is a power supply switch, 23 is a constant voltage circuit for converting an AC voltage into a specific DC voltage, 24 is a relay, 25 is a motor (DC motor) for driving the controlled element (not shown) such as a valve or a damper, 26 is a opening-side limit switch, 27 is a closing-side limit switch, 28 and 29 are contact points (relay contact points) of the relay 24, 30 is an electricity storing body (electric double-layer capacitor), 31 is a switch with a resetting function corresponding to the switch in the present invention, 32 is a resetting coil corresponding to the resetting unit in the present invention, Tr1 is a transistor, and R1 and R2 are resistances.
In the electric actuator 100, the respective terminals of the motor 25 are connected to a common terminal 28c of the relay contact point 28 and a common terminal 29c of the relay contact point 29. Moreover, a normally-open contact point terminal 28a of the relay contact point 28 is connected to a terminal 26a of the opening-side limit switch 26, and a normally-closed contact point terminal 28b of the relay contact point 28 is connected to a terminal 27a of the closing-side limit switch 27. Furthermore, a normally-closed contact point terminal 29b of the relay contact point 29 is connected to a common terminal 26c of the opening-side limit switch 26 and also to one end of the electricity storing body 30 through the switch with the resetting function 31, and a normally-open contact point terminal 29a of the relay contact point 29 is connected to a common terminal 27c of the closing-side limit switch 27 and also to the other terminal of the electricity storing body 30.
One terminal of the electricity storing body 30 is connected to an output line L1 for the DC voltage from the constant voltage circuit 23 through the transistor Tr1 and the resistance R1, and the other terminal of the electricity storing body 30 is connected to an output line L2 for the DC voltage from the constant voltage circuit 23. The resistance R2 is connected between the output line L1 for the DC voltage from the constant voltage circuit 23 and the base of the transistor Tr1. Moreover, the relay 24 and the resetting coil 32 are connected in parallel between the output lines L1 and L2 for the DC voltage from the constant voltage circuit 23.
When the resetting coil 32 is excited through the application of an electric current, the switch with the resetting function 31 is closed. The switch with the resetting function 31, when the resetting coil 32 is not excited through the application of an electric current, can be opened through a manual operation, and is maintained in the open state until the resetting coil 32 is excited through the application of an electric current.
Note that while in this example the power supply switch 22 is provided as a structural element of the electric actuator 100, it may be instead external to the electric actuator 100. Moreover, although not illustrated in FIG. 1, a handle, or the like, for opening and closing may be provided as manual opening operating unit whereby the opening of the controlled element may be controlled when the motor 25 is not driven.
When, in this electric actuator 100, the power supply switch 22 is turned ON, a DC voltage is outputted from the constant voltage circuit 23, the relay 24 is magnetically actuated, and the relay contact points 28 and 29 respectively switch to the normally-open contact point terminal 28a and 29a sides. At this time, let us assume that the controlled element that is driven by the motor 25 is in an intermediate opening state, where the opening-side limit switch 26 is at the terminal 26a side and the closing-side limit switch 27 is at the terminal 27a side. Moreover, let us assume that a full-open instruction has been received as an opening instruction.
Given this, an electric current flows in the path indicated by the arrow in FIG. 2, so the motor 25 rotates in the direction of the arrow A, driving the controlled element in the opening direction. Given this, when the opening-side limit switch 26 operates to switch to the terminal 26b side, that is, when the controlled element is fully open, the motor 25 is stopped. On the other hand, the electricity storing body 30 receives a supply of electric power through the resistance R1 and the transistor Tr1, to be charged. Moreover, the switch with the resetting function 31 is held in the closed state because the resetting coil 32 is excited through an electric current. This closed state is the normal operating state for the switch with the resetting function 31.
[Emergency Shutdown When There is a Power Outage]
If a power outage occurs when in this state, that is, if the external power supply is cut off (referencing FIG. 3) so that the DC voltage ceases to be outputted from the constant voltage circuit 23, the magnetic excitation of the relay 24 disappears, and the relay contact points 28 and 29, respectively, switch to the normally-closed contact point terminal 28b and 29b sides. At this time, the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 30 causes a current to flow through the path indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3, causing the motor 25 to rotate in the direction of the arrow B (that is, to rotate in the reverse direction) to drive the controlled element in the closing direction. Given this, when the closing-side limit switch 27 operates to switch to the terminal 27b side, that is, when the controlled element is fully closed, the motor 25 stops.
[Maintenance]
When the power supply switch 22 is turned OFF at the time of maintenance (referencing FIG. 4), the DC voltage ceases to be outputted from the constant voltage circuit 23 because a situation that is identical to that of a power outage occurs. As a result, an electric current flows in the path indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4, causing the motor 25 to rotate in the direction of the arrow B (that is, to rotate in the reverse direction), to drive the controlled element in the closing direction, in the same manner as for the “Emergency Shutdown When There Is a Power Outage,” described above. Given this, when the closing-side limit switch 27 operates to switch to the terminal 27b side, that is, when the controlled element is fully closed, the motor 25 stops.
On the other hand, when the power supply switch 22 is turned OFF, the resetting coil 32 ceases to be excited by the electric current. Because of this, the switch with the resetting function 31 enters a state wherein it can be opened by a manual operation.
If the operator, at the time of maintenance, wishes to maintain the controlled element in an arbitrary position other than fully closed, the operator manually opens the switch with the resetting function 31 (referencing FIG. 5). The state wherein the switch with the resetting function 31 has been opened is termed the “maintenance mode.” That is, in the present example, the electric actuator 100 is switched into the maintenance mode by manually opening the switch with the resetting function 31.
When, in this maintenance mode, the controlled element is driven open by a manual operation of the handle, no electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 30 will be supplied to the motor 25 even if the closing-side limit switch 27 operates to switch to the terminal 27a side. This makes it possible to manually drive the controlled element open, even without discharging the electric power that is stored in the electricity storing body 30.
[Completion of Maintenance]
When, after maintenance has been completed, the power supply switch 22 is turned ON, that is, when the external power is restored to restore the powered state (referencing FIG. 6), the resetting coil 32 is operated through the receipt of the DC voltage from the constant voltage circuit 23, to close the switch with the resetting function 31.
As a result, at the point in time that power is restored after maintenance has been completed, the switch with the resetting function 31 is switched automatically from open to closed, automatically restoring the normal operating state. As a result, there will not forgotten in the operation for restoring the normal operating state. Moreover, the controlled element can be operated manually until the power is restored, so there is no time constraint.
Moreover, when the power supply switch 22 is turned ON, the relay 24 is operated by receiving the DC voltage from the constant voltage circuit 23, so the relay contact points 28 and 29 respectively switch to the normally-open contact point terminal 28a and 29a sides. As a result, the control operations for the opening of the controlled element are restarted from a state wherein the opening of the controlled element, at the time of maintenance, was maintained at an arbitrary position other than fully-closed.
Note that while in the example set forth above the switch with the resetting function 31 was used as the switch and the resetting coil 32 of the latching relay was used as the resetting unit, there is no limitation to such a configuration.
That is, the switch needs only be able to open and close the supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body 30 to the motor 25, and the resetting unit needs only to be able to operate based on the receipt of a supply of electric power from the external power supply, when the external power supply has been restored after an interruption, to close the switch that is provided in the supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body 30 to the motor 25, regardless of the configurations by which to do so.
[Extended Forms of Example]
While the present invention has been explained above in reference to a form of example, the present invention is not limited to the example set forth above. The structures and details in the present invention may be varied in a variety of ways, as can be understood by one skilled in the art, within the scope of technology in the present invention.

## Claims

1. An electric actuator comprising:
a motor that receives a supply of electric power from an external power supply to drive a controlled element; and
an electricity storing body that is charged through receiving a supply of electric power from the external power supply, wherein,
at a time wherein the external power supply is cut off, the motor is driven forcibly by electric power stored in the electricity storing body, and
when the arrival of the controlled element, driven by the motor, at a specific opening is detected, the supply of power from the electricity storing body to the motor is cut off, the electric actuator further comprising:
a switch provided in a supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor, the switch opening the supply path for electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor, in response to an instruction from an operator; and
a resetting unit operated through receiving a supply of electric power from the external power supply when the external power supply has been restored from being cut off, the resetting unit closing the switch that is provided in the supply path of electric power from the electricity storing body to the motor.