## SUPPLEMENTAL FILE 3: **RESIDENTIAL MONITORING DATA**

Prepared by

Versar Incorporated 6850 Versar Center Springfield, VA 22151

Under EPA contract EP

- W

- 10

- 005

And Prepared By

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20460Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 2 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data 

### Table of Contents

1 TBBPA

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 3

1.1 M EAS URED C ONCENTRATIONS IN I NDOOR D UST

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 3 1.2 M EASURED C ONCENTRATIONS IN I NDOOR A IR

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 8 1.3 M EASURED C ONCENTRATIONS IN F OOD

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 11

2 TBBPA

- BIS(DIBROMOPROPYL ET HER)

................................ ................................ ....................... 14

REFERENCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 15Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 3 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data The summaries below are taken from primary data sources with reliability ratings of 1, 2 or 4 (OECD 2003). 1



## 1 **TBBPA**

1.1 **Measured Concentrations in Indoor Dust**

Measured concentrations of TBBPA in indoor dust , extracted from ten sources, are summarized below and tabulated in Table S3

- 1.

North America

Indoor dust samples from 16 homes in the San Francisco Bay a rea of California were measured in 2006 and again in 2011 for 62 flame retardants and organohalogens, including TBBPA ( Dodson et al., 2012 )

. The samples were collected from surfaces in the living room s using a vacuum cleaner and sieved to <150 μ m

. TBBPA was detected in the majori ty of the samples collected in 2006 at levels from <LOQ ( < 10 ) to 3,400 μg/kg ( median 260 μg/kg ) and in all samples collected in 2011 at 22 to 2,000 μg/kg (200 μg/kg median)

. Residents were also surveyed about the presence of furniture, carpets, and electronics in the home

. The study authors found a signi fi cant association between the reduction of TBBPA concentrations between 2006 and 2011 and the presence of new electronics, suggesting that new electronics contain less TBBPA (rho =

− 0.69; p = 0.003).

Batterman et al. (2010) measured TBBPA and other brominated flame retardants in fl oor dust samples and other indoor media samples ( ventilation fi lter dust, air, and/or carpets ) that were collected in 2006 and 2007 from ten commercial and institutional buildings in southwest Michigan

. Using a vacuum with
a pre

- cleaned and pre

- weighed filter attached

, floor dust was collected from office and public areas of the following types of sites: equipment sales and service , medical equipment manufacturing, art museum, university, tire and auto s ervice , and computer server building

. TBBPA concentrations in settled floor dust from nine of the buildings (1

- 3 samples per building) ranged from 20 to 938 μg/kg ( 223 μg/kg mean ; 134 μg/kg median )

. The highest concentration was found in an office of a m edical equipment manufacturing facility , at 938 μg/kg (n = 1)

. TBBPA was also detected i n HVAC dust from exposed panel filters (n = 2 composite) and bag filters (n = 2 composite) of a university building at ~10 to 20 μg/kg (values estimated from figure)

.

Europe

Kopp et al. (2012) conducted a method development study in which a small number of house dust samples from Bavaria, Germany were a nalyzed b y liquid chromatography

– mass spectrometry (LC

– MS/MS) following ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction and on

- line sample preparation via column switching

. House dust was collected from household vacuum bags and sieved to obtain the <63 μm

1 For a rating of 1, the study should have a valid analytical method, data should be representative, statistical analysis could be conducted, and sampling (location, time period, matrix) should be adequate. For a rating of 2, three criteria from the rating of 1 should be met, excluding the requirement for conducting statistical analys e s. A rating of 4 indicates that measurements are available but data are limited and reliability cannot be judged ( OECD, 2003 )

.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 4 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data particle fraction for analysis

. TBBPA concentrations in five house dust samples ranged from 2.9 to 232. 8 μg/ kg (59.1 μg/kg mean )

. Accuracy, precision and recovery were reported to be comparable to common LC

– MS/MS methods in different matrices.

D'Hollander et al. (2010) measured TBBPA , as well as other brominated flame retardants and
p erfluorinated compounds

, in indoor dust samples collected in 2008 from randomly selected homes and offices in Flanders, Belgium

. S amples were collected in nylon socks mounted in the furniture attachment tube of vacuum cleaners

. In office spaces, sampling was conducted by vacuumin g a 10 m 2

- area of floor surface

. I n homes, a 20 or 24 m 2

- area of floor surface w as sampled

. The results showed TBBPA concentrations ranging from < LOQ (< 3 ) to 419 μg/kg ( 11 .7 μg/kg median ) in homes , and a median concentration of 70.4 μg/kg in offices (range was not reported)

.
Geens et al. (2009) also determined the concentration of TBBPA and other p henolic organic contaminants in indoor dust samples from houses (n =18) and offices (n =2) in Flanders, Belgium

. The samples were collected in the spring of 2008 using a vacuum cleaner . A nylon sock placed i nside the tube of the vacuum cleaner was used to collect the dust

. The main living room (8 m 2 ), bedroom (4 m 2 ) and kitchen (4 m 2 ) in each house were sampled. The results showed TBBPA concentrations ranging from 0.85 to 1,481 μg/kg ( 146 μg/kg mean; 10 μg/kg median ) in house dust samples and from 45 to 100 μg/kg (75 μg/kg median ) in offices.

In the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom, Harrad et al. (2010) sampled floor dust from 43 classrooms in daycare centers and primary schools during winter 2007 through spring 2008

. The samples were collecte d in 25 μm mesh size socks attached to a portable vacuum cleaner

. For this study, the entire floor surface of each classroom was vacuumed. S ampled floor surface areas ranged from 6 to 12 m 2

. The results showed TBBPA concentrations ranging from 17 to 1,400 μg/kg ( 200 μg/kg

mean; 110 μg/kg median ).

Between September 2006 and June 2007, Abdallah et al. (2008) collected indoor dust samples in homes, offices, cars and public microenvironments (3 pubs and 1 restaurant) located in West Midlands and Basingstoke, Hampshire in the United Kingdom

. The authors also collected i ndoor air samples (refer to Table C

- 2)

. Dust s ampling was conducted by vacuuming 1 m 2 of carpet for 2 minutes in offices and homes . The vacuumed b are floors ( 4 m 2 ) for 4 minutes

. In cars, the surface of the seats in direct contact with passengers was sampled for 2 minutes

. Samples were collected using nylon s ample socks (25 μm pore size) mounted in the furniture attachment tube of the vacuum cleaner

. TBBPA concentrations rang ed from <MQL to 382 μg/kg ( 87 ± 71 μg/kg mean ; 62 μg/kg median ) in homes ; from < MQL to 140 μg/kg ( 49 ± 46 μg/kg mean ; 36 μg/kg median ) in offices ; from <MQL to 25 μg/kg (6 ± 8 μg/kg mean ; 2 μg/kg median ) in cars; and from 52 to 350 μg/kg (220 ± 140 μg/kg mean ; 230 μg/kg median ) in the public microenvironments sampled

. The reported MQL was 0.05 μg/kg

. The measured
TBBPA concentrations in car dust were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) than those in homes and offices

. N o significant difference was observed between concentrations in homes and offices

. In the sampled public microenvironments, TBBPA concentrations were higher than those in car s, homes or offices.

Asia

Ni and Zeng (2013) measured TBBPA in air conditioning filter dust samples from 56 offices in Shenzhen, China in 2009 , presumably from a single building

. The dust samples were collected by brushing the airTetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 5 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data conditioner fiberglass fi lters , which trapped particles over 0.3 μ m

. TBBPA concentrations in the 56 dust samples ranged from 30 to 59,140 μg/kg (3,382 μg/kg mean ; 975 μg/kg median )

. The study authors noted that since s mall er particles may be more likely to blow through the fi lter or to remain on the filter after brushing, the TBBPA concentrations observed in the study may be underestimate d

.
Wang et al. (2013) sampled house dust from vacuum cleaner bags from one home in Changsha, China and one home in Guangzhou, China in 2012

. Participants in the study were asked to avoid vacuum cleaning their homes for at least one week prior to collection of the samples

. TBBPA was detected in the two samples at concentrations of 97 and 95 μg/kg.

Takigami et al. (2008) measured TBBPA in dust collected in 2005 from inside five television sets from a store in Japan

. All five of the televisions (cathode

- ray tube type; manufactured in Japan between 1989 and 1998) were previously used and had been traded in for purchase of new products

. Dust was collected by vacuuming the inside of each television to obtain a minimum sample size of 200 mg

. The

resu lts showed TBBPA concentrations ranging from 5,500 to 680,000 μg/kg (240,000 μg/kg mean ) in TV interior dust samples

. Pulverized sections of the television cabinet and circuit board were also analyzed in the study.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 6 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data Table S3

- 1 . Measured Concentrations of TBBPA in Indoor Dust

Location Site Year N (# of ND ) a TBBPA Concentration (μg/kg ) Comments Reference (Reliability Rating d ) Range b Central Tendency c North America United States ; San Francisco Bay Area, C A Homes 2006 2011 16 (6%) 16 (0) <10

– 3,400 22

– 2,000 260 median 200 median Collected from surfaces in living room using a vacuum. Dodson et al. (2012) (2)

United States;
MI Commercial and institutional buildings 2006

- 2007 9 e (0) 20

– 938 223 mean ; 134 median Collected from floor of office/reception areas using a

vacuum. Batterman et al. (2010) (1)

Europe Germany; Bavaria Homes NR 5 (0) 2.9

- 232.8 59.1 mean C ollected from vacuum cleaner bags

. Kopp et al. (2012) (4)

Belgium; Flanders Homes 2008 45 (NR) <3

- 419 11.7 median Collected from floor of living room, bedroom, kitchen, and working area ( 20 to 24 m 2 total) using a vacuum

. D'Hollander et al. (2010) (2)

Offices 10 (NR) NR 70.4 median Collected from floor ( 10 m 2 ) using a vacuum. Belgium; Flanders Homes 2008 18 (0) 0.85

- 1,481 146 mean ; 10 median Collected from main living room (8 m 2 ), bedroom (4 m 2 ) and kitchen (4 m 2 ) using a

vacuum. Geens et al. (2009) (1)

Offices 2 (0) 45

- 100 75 median Collected using vacuum. United Kingdom; West Midlands County Daycare center and primary school classrooms 2007

- 2008 43 (0) 17

- 1,400 200 mean ; 110 median Collected from entire classroom floor using a

vacuum

. Harrad et al. (2010) (4)

United Kingdom; West Midlands and Basingstoke, Hampshire Homes 2006

- 2007 35 (1) <0.05

- 382 87 ±71 mean ; 62 median Collected from floor of home, office, or pubic environment and from seat of car using a

vacuum. Abdallah et al. (2008) (1) Office s 28 (4) <0.05

- 140 49 ±46 mean ; 36 median
Car s 20 (10) <0.05

- 25 6 ±8 mean ; 2 median Public microenvironments (3 pubs and 1 restaurant) 4 (0) 52

- 350 220 ±140 mean ; 230 medianTetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 7 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data Table S3

- 1 . Measured Concentrations of TBBPA in Indoor Dust

Location Site Year N (# of ND ) a TBBPA Concentration (μg/kg ) Comments Reference (Reliability Rating d ) Range b Central Tendency c Asia China; Shenzhen Office b uilding s (56 offices total) 2009 56 (0) 30

- 59,140 3,382 mean ; 975 median Air conditioning filter dust Ni and Zeng (2013) (1)

China; Changsha and G uangzhou Homes 2012 2 95

- 97 NR House dust samples collected from vacuum cleaner bags Wang et al. (20 13) (4)

Japan I nterior of used
t elevision s 200 5 5 (0) 5,500

- 680,000 240,000 mean C athode

- ray tube type; manufactured in Japan between 1989 and 1998

. Takigami et al. (2008) (2)

NR = Not reported

a N refers to the number of samples, unless otherwise noted

. The number of non

- detect values is reported in parenthesis

. Values reported as < “X” value are assumed to be non

- detect.

b The range is the minimum and maximum values reported

. Non

- detect values are shown as less than the detection limit.

c The central tendency values shown are as reported in the reference.

d Reliability rating: 1 = valid without restrictions; 2 = valid with restrictions; 4 = not assignable.

e N represents the number of buildings, however, 18 samples were collected overall (1

- 3 samples per building)

.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 8 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data 

### 1.2 **Measured Concentrations in Indoor Air**

Measured concentrations of TBBPA in indoor air

, extracted from four sources

, are summarized bel ow and tabulated in Table S3

- 2.

North America

Indoor air samples collected from 10 commercial and institutional buildings in Michigan over a one week sampling period in 2006 and 2007 ( Batterman et al., 2010 ) showed TBBPA concentrations ranging from ND to 86 pg/m 3 in the vapor phase and from ND to 12 pg/m 3 in the particulate phase

. Mean concentrations were ND

. Concentrations above the detection limit were only present in the vapor phase of 3 buildings (university and computer server offices) and in the particulate phase of 3 buildings (medical equipment manufacturer, university, and tire store offices).

Europe

As part of a screening investigation on brominated flame retardants in environmental samples from Nordic countries, Schlabach et al. (2011) collected three indoor air samples from the Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency ( KLIF ) building in Oslo, Norway

. Indoor air samples were collected 1.5 m above the floor level

. T he sampling time for indoor air was one week

. All three indoor air samples collected were below the detection limit of 100 pg/m 3 in the particulate phase

. T he vapor phase was not collected

. Outdoor air samples were also collected during the same sampling period (refer to Appendix E).

In addition to indoor dust, Abdallah et al. (2008) collected indoor air samples in homes, offices, and public microenvironments (3 pubs and 1 restaurant) in Birmingham, West Midlands within the United Kingdom . The authors collected samples between February and December 2007

. During method development it w as observed that airborne TBBPA was present mainly in the particulate phase; therefore, a ctive air samplers were used to collect samples for TBPPA analysis

. TBBPA concentrations
rang ed from 9 to 22 pg/m 3 (16 ± 5 pg/m 3 mean ; 15 pg/m 3 median ) in home indoor air
, 4 to 33 pg/m 3 (16 ± 12 pg/m 3 mean ; 11 pg/m 3 median ) in office indoor air , and 17 to 3 3 pg/m 3 (26 ± 7 mean ; 27 pg/m 3 median ) in the public microenvironments sampled

. The small number of samples collected precluded statistical analysis of differences in TBPPA concentrations between the various microenvironment categories

. However, the study authors noted that there were no substantial differences between concentrations in public microenvironments and those in homes and offices.

Asia

Using measured TBBPA concentrations in air conditioning filter dust samples collected from an office building in Shenzhen , China (refer to Table S3

- 1)

, Ni and Zeng (2013) calculated TBBPA concentrations in the p articular phase of indoor of fi ce air , using an equation described in Ni and Zeng ( 2011 )

. TBBPA concentrations were estimated to range from 12.7 to 1,057 pg/m 3 (465 pg/m 3 mean ; 507 pg/m 3 median ) in PM 2.5 ( representing dust with particle diameter of 0.4

– 2.2 μ m) and from 6.26 to 511 pg/m 3Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 9 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data (235 pg/m 3 mean ; 2 40 pg/m 3 median) in PM 10 (representing dust with particle diameter of 2.5

– 8.9
μ m).Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 10 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data Table S3

- 2 . Measured Concentrations of TBBPA in Indoor A ir

Location Site Year N (# ND) Phase TBBPA Concentration ( pg/m 3 ) Comments Reference (Reliability Rating) Range Central Tendency

North America United States; MI Commercial and institutional buildings 2006

- 2007 10 e (7 ) Vapor ND

- 86 ND mean Detection limit not provided.

O ne week sampling period

. Batterman et al. (2010) (1)

10 e (7 ) Particulate ND

- 12 ND mean

Europe Norway ; Oslo KLIF building 2009 3 (3) Particulate All <100

-- O ne week sampling period

. Inlet 1.5 m above the floor level

. Schlabach et al. ( 2011) (4)

United Kingdom ; West Midlands Homes 2007 5 (0) Particulate 9

- 22 16 ±5 mean ; 15 median Abdallah et al. (20 08) (1)

Office 5 (0) Particulate 4

- 33 16 ±12 mean ; 11 median Public microenvironments (3 pubs and 1 restaurant) 4 (0) Particulate 17

- 33 26 ±7 mean ; 27 median China China ; Shenzhen Office Building (56 offices total) 2009 56 (0) Particulate ( PM 2.5 ) 12.7

- 1
, 057 465 mean ; 507 median Values calculated from measured TBBPA concentrations in air conditioning filter dust samples (refer to Table
C

- 1)

. Ni and Zeng (2013) (1)

56 (0) Particulate ( PM 10 ) 6.26

- 511 235 mean ; 240 median

NR = Not reported

a N refers to the number of samples, unless otherwise noted

. The number of non

- detect values is reported in parenthesis

. Values reported as < “X” value are assumed to be non

- detect.

b The range is the minimum and maximum values reported

. Non

- detect values are shown as less than the detection limit.

c The central tendency values shown are as reported in the reference.

d Reliability rating: 1 = valid without restrictions; 2 = valid with restrictions; 4 = not assignable.

e N represents the number of buildings, however, 12 samples were collected overall (1

- 2 samples per building)

.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 11 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data 

### 1.3 **Measured Concentrations in Food** 

Measured c oncentrations of TBBPA in food , extracted from five sources, are summarized below and tabulated in Table S3

- 3

. Note that this section only includes data for food samples obtained from markets

. H owever, some wildlife biota samples may also be categorized as food (refer to Supplemental File 2: TBBPA Environmental Monitoring Data , Table S2

- 8).

Europe

Driffield et al. (2008) analyzed food samples from the United Kingdom for brominated flame
ret ardants, including TBBPA, using a LC

- MS/MS method developed and validated in

- house, and calculated estimated adult dietary intakes

. The food samples analyzed were purchased from randomly

selected locations across the United Kingdom as part of the 2004 UK T otal Diet Study (TDS)

. Food samples were prepared and cooked according to normal consumer practices before being pooled into composite samples representing 19 food groups for analysis

. The food groups included: bread, miscellaneous cereals, carcass meat, o ffal, meat products, poultry, fish, oils and fats, eggs, sugars and preserves, green vegetables, potatoes, other vegetables, canned vegetables, fresh fruit, fruit products, milk, dairy products and nuts

. TBBPA was not detected in any of the composite food samples; LODs ranged from <0.017 to <0.19 μg/kg whole wt

. The authors also present results for shellfish samples collected in Scotland (see Table S2

- 8 )

. In the 2001 UK TDS ( UKFSA, 2004 ) , TBBPA was also not detected above the LOD in any of the food groups; LODs ranged from <0.78 to <30 μg/kg fat wt.

Grumping et al. (2007) collected cow’s milk samples from Ireland in 2006

. Pooled samples were tested for the presence of various brominated flame retardant s, including TBBPA

. TBBPA was not detected in any of the samples above the LOQ (200 ng/kg fresh wt).

Asia

Pooled food sam ples collected during China’s fourth TDS in 2007 were investigated for levels of TBBPA and HBCD ( Shi et al., 2009 )

. Investigators collected f ood samples from marke ts in 12 provinces in China

. The authors prepared and cooked the samples according to consumer practices prior to being blended into composite samples representing four food groups: meat, eggs, aquatic food, and milk

. Concentrations of TBBPA ranged from <L OD to 2.044 μ g/kg lipid wt, and TBBPA was detected in 26 of 48 composite sample s

. LODs ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 μ g/kg wet wt.

Ashizuka et al. ( 2008) investigated the concentrations of TBBPA and other brominated flame retardants in fish purchased at markets in three regions of Japan between October 2004 and February 2005 . The samples represented a commercialized and industrialized area (N regio n), an industrialized area (S region), and a less industrialized area (K region)

. The experimenters purchased v arious species and numbers of fish at markets in these three regions

. E dible portions were blended to obtain 15 pooled samples per region

. The au thors reported the approximate size, weight, and type of fish sampled. The detection limit for TBBPA was 0.01 μg/kg wet wt

. A cross all regions, concentrations of TBBPA ranged from <LOD to 0.11 μg/kg wet wt, with a mean of 0.02 μg/kg wet wt

. Sixteen of the 45 pooled samples were reported as non

- detects

. Fish from N region had TBBPA levels that ranged from <LOD to 0.04 μg/kg wet wt, with a mean of 0.01 μg/kg wet wt . Fish from S region had TBBPA concentrations rangingTetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 12 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data from <LOD to 0.10 μg/kg wet wt, with a mea n of 0.01 μg/kg wet wt . Finally, in fish from K region

, TBBPA ranged from <LOD to 0.11 μg/kg wet wt, with a mean of 0.02 μg/kg wet wt. The results reported in Ashizuka et al. (2008) appear to be the same as presented in Nakagawa et al. (2006)

.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 13 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data Table S3

- 3. Measured Concentrations of TBBPA in Food.

Media (Sub

- Type) Location Year N (# ND) a TBBPA Concentration (μg/kg) Comments Reference (Reliability Rating d ) Range b Central Tendency c Europe 19 Food Groups United Kingdom 2004 19 All <LOD (< 0.017

- <0.19 whole wt) -- Samples were purchased from randomly

selected locations across the UK as part of the 2004 UK T otal D ietary S tudy, prepared and cooked according to normal consumer practices
, and combined to represent 19 food groups

. Concentrations were corrected for recovery. Driffield et al. (2008) (2)

19 Food Groups United Kingdom 2001 19 All <LOD (<0.78

- <30 fat wt) -- Samples were purchased from randomly

selected locations across the UK as part of the 2001 Total Dietary Study

. The samples were prepared and cooked according to normal consumer practices before being pooled into composite samples representing 19 food groups for analysis

. UKFSA (2004) (4)

Cow’s Milk Ireland 2006 5 (5) All <0.2 fresh wt

-- 5 pooled samples consisted of 3 individual samples each. Grumping et al. (2007) (4)

Asia 4 Food Groups China 2007 48 (22) <LOD

- 2.044 lipid wt NR Samples were collected from market s in 12 Chinese provinces, prepared and cooked to a “table ready” state, and blended to form composite/pooled samples.

LOD ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 wet wt ; LOD not provided for lipid weight. Shi et al. (2009) (2)

Fish Japan (N region: Commercial and Industrial) 2004

- 2005 15 (7) <0.01

- 0.04 wet wt 0.01 wet wt mean 1 5 pooled fish samples purchased at market. Fish fat contents are available in study. Ashizuka et al. (2008) (4) ; Nakagawa et al. (2006) (4 )

Japan (S region : Industrial) 15 (7) <0.01

- 0.10 wet wt 0.01 wet wt mean 1 5 pooled fish samples purchased at market. Fish fat contents are available in study. Japan (K region: Less Industrial) 15 (2) <0.01

- 0.11 wet wt 0.02 wet wt mean 1 5 pooled fish samples purchased at market. Fish fat contents are available in study. Japan (O verall) 45 (16) <0.01

- 0.11 wet wt 0.02 wet wt mean 45 pooled fish samples purchased at market. Fish fat contents are available in study. Authors note that TBBPA didn’t correlate with fish size or fat
content.

a N refers to the number of samples, unless otherwise noted

. The number of non

- detect values is reported in parenthesis

. Values reported as “<X” are assumed to be

non

- detect.

b The range is the minimum and maximum values reported

. Non

- detect values are shown as less than the detection limit.

c The central tendency values shown are as reported in the reference.

d Reliability rating: 1 = valid without restrictions; 2 = valid with rest rictions; 4 = not assignable.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 14 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data 

## 2 **TBBPA**

**- bis(dibromopropyl ether)** 

Monitoring information on TBBPA

- bis(dibromopropyl ether) is included below. Note, that individual summaries of each study are not provided as they were for TBBPA. However, there is significa nt overlap in the studies that measured TBBPA and those that measured this cluster member

.

Table S3

- 3. Measured Concentrations of TBBPA

- bis(dibromopropyl ether) in Dust

Env. Medium Country Location Details Date Single
Est. @ Range (% non

detects) W t. type Detect. limit * * N Units* Reference

Dust from living

rooms United States Inside homes 2006 22 (median) < 10

– 180 (25%) - 10 (LOQ) 16 μ g/kg Dodson et al. (2012) Dust from living

rooms United States Inside homes 2011 7 (median) < 10

– 560 (50%) - 10 (LOQ) 16 μ g/kg Dodson et al. (2012) Dust outdoors in e

waste area China Qingyuan suburb 2006 n.d. n.d. dry 1.5 5 μ g/kg Shi, T. et al. (2009)Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 15 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data 

## REFERENCES

Abdallah, M. A. E., S. Harrad, and A. Covaci. 2008. Hexabromocyclododecanes and Tetrabromobisphenol

- A in Indoor Air and Dust in Birmingham, U K : Implications for Human Exposure . Environmental Science and Technology, 42(18), 6855

- 6861.

Ashizuka, Y., R. Nakagawa, T. Hori, D. Yasutake, K. Tabiishi, and K. Sasaki. 2008. Determination of Brominated Flame Retardants and Brominated Dioxins in Fish Collected from Three Regions of Japan . Molecular Nutrition and F ood Research, 52, 273

- 283.

Batterman, S., C. Godwin, C. S., C. Jia, and S. Charles. 2010. Brominated Flame Retardants in Offices in Michigan, USA . Environment International, 36, 548

- 556.

D'Hollander, W., L. Roosens, A. Covaci, C. Cornelis, H. Reynders, C. K. Van, V. P. de, and L. Bervoets. 2010. Brominated Flame Retardants and Perfluorinated Compounds in Indoor Dust from Homes and Offices in Flanders, Belgium . Chemosphere, 81, 478

- 487.

Do dson, R., L. Perovich, A. Covaci, N. Van den Eede, A. Ionas, A. Dirtu, J. Brody, and R. Rudel. 2012. After the PBDE Phase

- Out: A Broad Suite of Flame Retardants in Repeat House Dust Samples from California . Environmental Science and Technology, 46(24), 130 56

- 13066.

Driffield, M., N. Harmer, E. Bradley, A. R. Fernandes, M. Rose, D. Mortimer, and P. Dicks. 2008. Determination of Brominated Flame Retardants in Food by LC

- MS/MS: Diastereoisomer

- Specific Hexabromobyclododecane and Tetrabromobisphenol A . Food Ad ditives and Contaminants. Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 25(7), 895

- 903.

Geens, T., L. Roosens, H. Neels, and A. Covaci. 2009. Assessment of Human Exposure to Bisphenol A

, Triclosan and Tetrabromobisphenol A through I ndoor Dust Intake in Belgium . Chemosphere, 76,
755

- 760.

Grumping, R., M. Opel, and M. Petersen. 2007. Brominated Dioxins and Brominated Flame Retardants in Irish Cow's Milk . Organohalogen Compounds, 69, 912

- 915.

Harrad, S., E. Goosey, J. Desborough, M. A . Abdallah, L. Roosens, and A. Covaci. 2010. Dust from U.K. Primary School Classrooms and Daycare Centers: The Significance of Dust as a Pathway of Exposure of Young U.K. Children to Brominated Flame Retardants and Polychlorinated Biphenyls . Environmental Science and Technology, 44(11), 4198

- 4202.

Kopp, E. K., H. Fromme, and W. Volkel. 2012. Analysis of Common and Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in House Dust Using Ultrasonic Assisted Solvent Extraction and on

- Line Sample Preparation Via Column Switch ing with Liquid Chromatography

- Mass Spectrometry . J Chromatogr A, 1241, 28

- 36.Tetrabromo bisphenol A Cluster

Page 16 of 16 Supplemental File 3: TBBPA Residential Monitoring Data Nakagawa, R., Y. Ashizuka, T. Hori, D. Yasutake, K. Tobiishi, and K. Sasaki. 2006. Determination of Brominated Flame Retardants and Brominated Dioxins in Fish Collected from Th ree Regions of Japan . Organohalogen Compounds, 68, 2166

- 2169.

Ni, H.

- G., and H. Zeng. 2013. HBCD and TBBPA in Particulate Phase of Indoor Air in Shenzhen, China

. Science of the Total Environment, 458, 15

- 19.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation an d Development). 2003. Guidance Document on Reporting Summary Information on Environmental, Occupational and Consumer Exposure

. ENV/JM/MONO(2003)16. Environment Directorate, Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pestic ides and Biotechnology, Paris, France. http://www.oecd

- ilibrary.org/environment/guidance

- document

- on

- reporting

- summary

information

- on

- environmental

- occupational

- and

- consumer

- exposure_9789264079113

- en

.
Schlabach, M., M. Remberger, E. Brorstrom

- Lunden, K. Norstrom, L. Kaj, H. Andersson, D. Herzk e, A. Borgen, and M. Harju. 2011. Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR) in the Nordic Environment

. TemaNord 2011:528. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark. http://www.nord en.org/en/publications/publikationer/2011

- 528

.
Shi, T., S. J. Chen, X. J. Luo, X. L. Zhang, C. M. Tang, Y. Luo, Y. J. Ma, J. P. Wu, X. Z. Peng, and B. X. Mai. 2009. Occurrence of Brominated Flame Retardants Other Than Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Env ironmental and Biota Samples from Southern China . Chemosphere, 74(7), 910

- 916.

Takigami, H., G. Suzuki, Y. Hirai, and S. Sakai. 2008. Transfer of Brominated Flame Retardants from Components into Dust inside Television Cabinets . Chemosphere, 73, 161

- 169.

UKFSA (United Kingdom Food Standards Agency). 2004. Brominated Flame Retardants in Trout and Eels from the Skerne Tees River System and Total Diet Study Samples . London, UK. http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsis2004branch/fsis5204

.
Wang, M. J., M. K. van der Lee, S. P. J. van Leeuwen, R. J. B. Peters, D. Santillo, Y. Zheng, and Y. Wang. 2013. Brominated Flame Retartants in Household Dust in China . Poster Presenta tion From Sixth International Symposium on Flame Retardants.