## 2 of 106 The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) has co mpleted a preliminary problem formulation (attached) for the ecological risk, environmental fate, and endangered species assessments to be conducted as part of the Registration Review of copper compounds which include copper sulfate, copper group II compounds, copper oxides, copp er salts, and other compounds (PC Codes: 008001, 008101, 022501, 022702, 022703, 022901, 023104, 023401, 023501, 023503, 024401, 024403, 024405, 024407, 024409, 023306, 025601, 039105, and 042401), which are used primarily as fungicides, bactericides, herbicid es (algaecide), antifoulants, wood preservatives, and material preservatives. In addition to the above uses, copper containing compounds are also used to control mollusks, leeches, crustaceans, a nd root growth in sewage and irrigation systems

to a limited extent.

Functioning as the first stage of the risk assessment process fo r Registration Review, this problem formulation provides an overview of wh at is currently known a bout the environmental fate and ecological effects associ ated with copper. It also desc ribes the preliminary ecological risk hypothesis and analysis plan for evaluating a nd characterizing risk to non-target species and the environment in support of the registrati on of copper-containing compounds. This document

also recommends studies that should be included in a data call-in (DCI) to address uncertainties associated with the risk assessment of copper compounds.

## 3 of 106 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMEN TAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



# Problem Formulation for the Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, and Endangered Species Assessments in Support of the Registration Review of Copper Compounds

2+ 

### Cu O 

### OH 2 

### OH 2 

### OH 2 

### OH 2 

### OH 2 

### S

O 

### O O



## Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate, one of many pesticidal copper compounds

Prepared by: Sujatha Sankula, Lead Biologist Stephen Wente, Biologist Siroos Mostaghimi, Senior Scientist Srinivas Gowda, Biologist

Reviewed by: Edward Odenkirchen, Senior Science Advisor Faruque Khan, Senior Scientist William J. Hazel, Ph. D, Chemist U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Fate and Effects Division

Environmental Risk Branch I (7507P)

And

Antimicrobials Division Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (7510P) 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20460



## July 14, 2010

## 4 of 106 Table of Contents

1. Purpose .................................................................................................................... .................5

2. Problem Fo rmulation ......................................................................................................... ..........8 2.1. Nature of Regulatory Action............................................................................................... . 8

2.2. Previous Risk Assessments................................................................................................. . 9

3. Stressor Source and Distribution ............................................................................................ ...12

3.1. Mechanism of Action....................................................................................................... .. 12 3.2. Overview of Pesticide Usage............................................................................................. 12 3.2.1. Agricultural Uses ....................................................................................................... . 13 3.2.2. Direct Water Applications .......................................................................................... 14

3.2.3. Urban Uses.............................................................................................................. .... 14

3.2.4. Antimicrobial Uses ..................................................................................................... 1 5 3.3. Environmental Fate and Transport..................................................................................... 15 4. Receptors .................................................................................................................. .................17 4.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms ............................................................................................ 20 4.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms ........................................................................................ 22

4.3. Incident Database Review.................................................................................................. 23 4.4. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk .......................................................................................... 24 5. Assessment Endpoints ........................................................................................................ .......25 6. Conceptual Model............................................................................................................ ..........25 6.1. Risk Hypotheses........................................................................................................... ...... 26 6.2. Conceptual Diagram ........................................................................................................ .. 26 7. Analysis Plan ............................................................................................................... ..............28

7.1. Stressors of Concern ...................................................................................................... .... 29 7.2. Measures of Exposure...................................................................................................... .. 29

7.3. Measures of Effect ........................................................................................................ ..... 31 7.4. Integration of Exposure and Effects .................................................................................. 32 7.5. Integration of Multiple Uses of Copper............................................................................. 32

7.6. Deterministic and Probabilistic Assessment Methods....................................................... 33 7.7. Endangered Species Assessments...................................................................................... 33 7.8. Drinking Water Assessment .............................................................................................. 33 7.9. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps............................................................................ 34

7.9.1. Fate.................................................................................................................... .......... 34

7.9.2. Effects ................................................................................................................. ........ 35

8. References.................................................................................................................. ................38 Appendix A. Copper Fate Studies and Application Information...................................................95 Appendix B. Data Call-In Tables................................................................................................ .101

## 5 of 106 1. Purpose
The purpose of this problem formulation is to pr ovide an understanding of what is known about the environmental fate and ecological effects of the registered uses of copper-containing compounds. Unlike most pesticides evaluated by the Office of Pesticides Programs (OPP), the active ingredient proposed for re gistration review is elemental copper rather than an organic moiety. Although it exists in a vari ety of organic and inorganic comp lexes, it is most toxic as the cupric ion (Cu 2+ 

## ).

A total of 19 active registrations have b een identified for copper compounds and will be addressed in this problem formulation. Thes e copper-containing com pounds include copper sulfate, group II copper compounds, copper oxide s, copper salts, and other copper compounds. PC codes, chemical formulae, molecular weight , and percent copper in the above compounds are

listed in Table 1

.

## 6 of 106 Table 1. Copper Compounds Addressed in the Problem Formulation for the Reregistration Review of Copper Pesticides

* Approximate formula (and therefore, molecular weight) may vary slightly depending on manufacturing processes. ** Percent copper calculated based on formula and molecular weight used in this table.



## This document will provide a plan for analyz ing data on copper containing compounds in Table

1 , referred to as copper hereafte r, and for conducting the relevant environmental fate, ecological risk, and endangered species assessments for the registered copper pesticide uses. Additionally, this problem formulation is intended to iden tify data gaps, uncertainties, and potential assumptions used to address those uncertainties relative to characterizing the ecological risk associated with the registered uses of copper. Copper Compound Common Name Other Names Formula* Molecular Weight* Percent

Cu ** 

### PC Code Copper sulfate pentahydrate copper sulfate CuSO 4 

### 5H 2 

### O 249.65 25.4 024401 Copper sulfate Basic copper sulfate copper sulfate,

tribasic 3Cu(OH) 2 

### CuSO 4 

### 468.29 54.2 008101

Copper hydroxide None Cu(OH) 2 

### 81.56 77.9 023401

Copper carbonate copper carbonate,

basic Cu(OH) 2 

### CuCO 3 

### 221.12 57.5 022901

Copper ammonium complex copper tetraamine Cu(NH 3 

### ) 4 2+ 

### 131.58 48.3 022702

Copper oxychloride Basic cupric

chloride Cu 2 

### Cl(OH) 3 

### 213.57 59.5 023501

Copper oxychloride

sulfate None 3Cu(OH) 2 

### CuCl 2 

### + 3Cu(OH) 2 

### CuSO 4 

### 879.43 57.8 023503

copper chloride copper chloride, basic;

copper oxychloride 3 Cu(OH) 2 

###  CuCl 2 

### 427.133 59.5 008001 Group II

copper compounds

copper ammonium

carbonate None CuNH 3 

### (HCO 3 

### ) 2 

### 190.54 33.3 022703

Cuprous oxide Copper (I)

oxide Cu 2 

### O 143.08 88.8 025601

Cupric oxide Copper (II)

oxide CuO 79.545 79.83 042401 Copper oxides

copper metallic None Cu 63.5 100 022501 Copper salts of fatty and

rosin acids Cu soap Mixture of compounds NA NA 023104

Copper ethylenediamine Cu-EDA C 2 

### H 8 

### N 2 

### Cu 123.54 51.43 024407 Copper triethanolamine complex Cu-TEA C 6 

### H 15 

### O 3 

### NCu 2+ 

### 212.54 29.89 024403

copper (EDTA) ethylenediaminetetacetate None 

### C 10 

### H 16 

### N 2 

### O 8 

### Cu 355.74 17.85 039105 Copper salts

copper ethanolamine complex None C 2 

### H 7 

### ONCu +2 

### 124.54 51.01 024409

Copper octanoate Cu soap C 8 

### H 16 

### O 2 

### Cu 207.54 30.61 023306 Other copper compounds Copper as metallic None Cu 63.5 100 024405

## 7 of 106 1.1. Background Information on Copper
Copper is a metallic element that lies between th e Group IIA and the Group IIB elements in the periodic table. Being an element, it will not br eak down further and continues to cycle in the

environment after it is released. With an atomic number of 29 and atomic weight of 63.5, copper naturally occurs as two stable isotopes ( 63 

## Cu and 65 

## Cu) along with numerous unstable radioisotopes.

Copper is an essential element for living syst ems, and is a key atom in the oxygen carrying protein, hemocyanin, for some invertebrates. Va rious forms of copper occur naturally in the environment. It is used in a wide variety of i ndustrial and consumer applications, in addition to being used as a pesticide for over 100 years, thus in most areas where a copper containing pesticide is applied, it must be assumed that ther e is an existing background concentration that must be considered. The average concentration of copper in the earth crus t typically ranges from 55 mg/Kg to 70 mg/Kg. Total coppe r content of soils of the United States commonly ranges from 1 mg/Kg to 40 mg/Kg and averages about 9 mg/Kg (Tisdale et al, 1985).

The first recorded agricultural use of copper was in 1761, when it was discovered that seed grains soaked in a weak solution of copper sulfate inhibited seed-borne fungi. By 1807 the steeping of cereal seeds in a coppe r sulfate solution for a limited ti me and then drying them with hydrated lime became the standard farming practi ce for controlling stinking smut or bunt of wheat. The greatest breakthrough for copper came in the 1880's when the French scientist Millardet, while looking for a cure for downy mildew disease of vine s in the Bordeaux district of France, noticed that the vines, bordering the hi ghways and which had been daubed with a paste of copper sulfate and lime in water in order to make the grapes una ttractive to passers-by, appeared free of downy mildew. This chance obs ervation led to the development of Bordeaux mixture (a mixture of copper sulfate and lime) in 1885.

Marketed under the trade names Kocide, CuproFix, Basicop, K-Tea, Cutrine Ultra, and Triangle, copper is a broad-spectrum fungici de, bactericide, herbicide, alg aecide, and molluscicide for use in a variety of agricultural, aquatic, urban, a nd antimicrobial uses. Ag ricultural uses include applications in crops such as fruits, nuts, vegeta bles, ornamentals, and vines. The aquatic uses of copper pesticides are in the control of weeds, algae, leeches, mollusks (snails), and tadpole shrimp. Urban uses include applications in lawns and as a root killer in sewage and irrigation

systems. Antimicrobial uses include w ood preservative, antifoulant paints, water treatment, and material preservative.

Copper pesticides are typically formulated as dust, liquid concentrate, dry flowable, wettable powder (including water-soluble pack ets), granule, water-dispersible granule, powder, ready-touse liquid, aerosol, and solid. These formulations use various forms of copper, which ultimately dissociate into the cupric ion, th e active component of concern.

Single application rates fo r copper are 0.5 to 8 lb Cu 2+ 

## /acre for agricultural uses, 0.5 lb Cu 2+ 

## for sewer treatment uses, and 0.4 – 2.5 ppm for aquatic uses. Maximum annual application rates are

1.1 – 75 lb Cu 2+ 

## /acre for agricultural uses and 2.0 lb Cu 2+ 

## for sewer treatment uses. For multiple agricultural applications , treatment interval varies between 3 and 14 days, depending on the crop. Applications to sewage systems should be made at 6 month intervals. Antifoulant uses typically

## 8 of 106 require 2-3 coats of antifoulant paint applied on boat surfaces for coverage of 300-400 square feet per gallon with a maximum ap plication rate of 6 mils (0.16 mm of thickness) per dry coat and two coats. Wood protection typi cally requires 1-2 coats for 200 ft 2 

## of coverage with a maximum application rate of 10.53 gallons per 1000 gallons of end use solution.

Application methods for agricultu ral uses of copper include ae rial, airblast, ground boom, rightsof-way equipment, mechanical duster, low- and high-pressure handwand sprayer, handgun sprayer, push-type spreader, dips, drip system, hose-end sprayer, and automatic-metering system for agricultural crops. Application methods for di rect aquatic applicatio ns of copper include broadcast dry, broadcast spray, dr agging, injection (flowing water), slug or dump, or spot spray. Application methods for antimicrobial uses of co pper include pressure tr eatment of wood, brush/ spray applications to boat hulls as an antifoulan t, and brush/spray treatment to millwork/lumber as an antisapstain. Other methods of copper appl ication include brush, wrap/bandage, injection to in-service utility poles and ot her ground-contact poles/timbers.

Copper applications are recommended during virt ually all stages of crop/fruit development including dormant applications, petal fall, bud break, early bloom, post bloom, early spring, early summer, late summer, early fall, late fall, and af ter harvest. Treatment timings for direct aquatic uses vary, depending on the pro liferation of the target pest.

For many labels, as currently written, there are no limitations on the numbe r of applications to agricultural crops. Frequency of appl ication is variable, but some in tervals are as short as 5 days, or on an “as needed” basis. For aquatic applica tions, the average number of annual applications to a given water body range between two and four, with none of thes e applications being made to more than 25 - 33% of given water body at a ny one time. Generally, aquatic applications are made at an interval of approximately two weeks.

2. Problem Formulation

2.1. Nature of Regulatory Action

Under the Federal Insecticide, F ungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIF RA), all pesticid es distributed or sold in the United States ge nerally must be registered by EPA. In determining whether a pesticide can be registered in the U.S., EPA eval uates its safety to non-target species based on a wide range of environmental and health effects studies. In 1996, FIFRA was amended by the Food Quality Protection Act, and EPA was mand ated to implement a new program for the periodic review of pesticides, i.e ., Registration Review (h ttp://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/ registration_review/). The Registra tion Review program is intended to ensure that, as the ability to assess risk evolves and as policies and practices change, all registered pesticides continue to meet the statutory standard of no unreasonabl e adverse effects to human health and the environment. Changes in science, public policy, and pesticide use practices will occur over time. Through the new Registration Review program, the Agency periodical ly reevaluates pesticides to make sure that as change occurs, products in the marketplace can be used safely.

As part of the implementation of the new Regist ration Review program purs uant to Section 3(g) of FIFRA, the Agency is beginning its evalua tion of copper-containing compounds to determine whether they continue to meet the FIFRA standa rd for registration. This problem formulation for the environmental fate, ecological risk, and enda ngered species assessment chapter in support of

## 9 of 106 the Registration Review is intended for the in itial docket opening public phase of the review

process.

2.2. Previous Risk Assessments
The first registration for a coppe r-containing pesticide was issu ed in 1956. Currently, 19 copper compounds have active food use registrations subject to tolerance reassess ment and registration review. Of these, 12 products are registered fo r agricultural uses, and 7 for antimicrobial uses.

Copper compounds registered for agricultural and antimicrobial uses along with their PC codes and number of active regist rations are provided in Table 2 . Fifteen previously registered copper compounds, copper sulphate monohydrate (PC c ode: 024402), copper sulphate anhydrous (PC code: 024408), chelates of copper – copper gl uconate (PC code: 023305), copper chloride dihydrate (PC code: 023701), copper nitrate (P C code: 076102), copper oxalate (PC code: 023305), chelates of copper citrate (PC code : 044005), copper 2-ethyhexanoate (PC code: 041201), copper etidronic acid complex (PC co de: 024404), copper dehydroabietyl ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate (PC code: 041202), copper linoleat e (PC code: 023303), copper oleate (PC code: 023304), copper salts of the acids of tall oil (PC code: 023103), copper as metallic from cuprous and cupric oxide (PC 042403) and cupric ferric subsulfa te complex (PC code: 042402) were voluntarily cancelled by the registrants. Ther efore, these products will not be evaluated as part of this Registra tion Review for copper.

Table 2. Registered Copper Products for Agricultural and Antimicrobial Uses

Copper Compound Chemical Name PC code Number of Active End Use

Products Agricultural Uses Basic copper sulfate 008101 24 Copper Sulfate Copper sulfate pentah ydrate 024401 79 Basic copper carbonate 022901 17 Copper hydroxide 023401 74 Copper oxychloride 023501 16 Copper oxychloride sulfate 023503 4 Group II Copper

Compounds

Copper ammonia complex 022702 4 Copper salts of fatty acid and rosin 023104 1 Copper ethylenediamine 024407 4 Copper Salts Copper triethanolamine complex 024403 2 Other Copper Compounds Copper octanoate 023306 2

Antimicrobial Uses Cuprous oxide 025601 201 Copper Oxides Cupric oxide 042401 18 copper chloride 008001 1 Group II Copper

Compounds copper ammonium carbonate 022703 3 copper (EDTA) ethylenediaminetetacetate 039105 3 Copper Salts copper ethanolamine complex 024409 18 Both Agricultural and Antimicrobial Uses Other Copper Compounds Metallic copper 024405 2

Copper Oxides Metallic copper 022501 38

## 10 of 106 EPA issued Registration Standards for copper sulfate in March 1986, Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide Pr oducts Containing Copper Sulfate as the Active Ingredient, and for the Group II copper compounds, Guidance for the Reregistra tion of Pesticide Products Containing Group II Copper Compounds as the Active Ingredient in April 1987. As a result, Generic Data Call-In (GDCI) notices were issued in 1987 to the registrants for various copper compounds to submit data in support of reregistration.

These comprehensive DCIs required various ecologi cal fate and effects studies. Additional DCIs were issued in 1993, which require d various product chemistry studi es, avian toxicity studies and

residue studies. These DCIs were issued so that data required by 40 CFR Part 158 would be available to EPA before reregistration occurred.

In support of reregistration, as required by FIFRA and FFDCA, and amended by FQPA, the Agency completed the coppers Reregistration El igibility Decision (RED), signed in July 2006. The RED and its supporting documents were pub lished for public comment in August 2006. The revised RED, which addressed the public comme nts, is available online (USEPA 2009c).

Numerous risk assessments were conducted on copper predating the 2006 RED. However, only findings from the risk assessment of the 2006 C opper RED are presented here in view of the comprehensive nature of the RED assessment. Th e screening-level ecological risk assessment for the RED evaluated aquatic and terrestrial effect s expected at various application rates ranging from and 0.53 – 31.76 lb Cu/A resulting in esti mated environmental concentrations of 0.53 – 1997 μg/L, respectively. The risk assessment on aqua tic organisms considered a wide range of water chemistries, as represented by 811 water sa mples collected by the United States Geological Survey nationwide. Risk to freshwater animal s was presented as a pe rcentage of the 811 resulting RQs which exceeded either acute or chr onic levels of concern. Since the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) used to perform this analysis can not currently be used for aquatic plants or estuarine/marine animals, risk to these taxa were assessed using the estimated total copper

concentration rather than the estimated Cu 2+ 

## concentration.

Findings from the RED suggested that at the highest copper app lication rate of 31.76 lb Cu/A,

>98% of the sites exceeded the acute and chroni c risk levels of concern (LOCs) for aquatic invertebrates, 80% exceeded the acute risk LOC for fish, and 68% exceeded the chronic risk LOC for fish based on BLM analysis . Analysis of the various scenar ios showed that in order to prevent aquatic invertebrate LOC exceedances at 95% of the sites assessed, aquatic copper concentrations should be 3.4 ppb or less. Howeve r, at this concentration, 41% of the sites exceeded the endangered species acute risk LOCs fo r invertebrates, and 2% of the sites exceeded the endangered species acute risk LOCs for fi sh. Although a number of site-specific factors influence runoff concentrations, 3.4 ppb of dissolv ed Cu correlates to application rates of approximately 1.5 lb Cu/A.

The copper RED concluded that RQs for all sizes and food classes of birds exceeded the acute risk, chronic risk, and endangered species acute risk LOCs at th e highest use rate (in orchard crops). RQs based on limited toxic ity data for terrestrial plants did not exceed the acute LOC from exposure through spray drift. At sites where copper is continuously applied, it will accumulate in the soil, although the degree of bioava ilability is uncertain, a nd will vary with site

conditions. Concentrations of 60-100 ppm Cu are potentially harmful to soil invertebrates,

## 11 of 106 terrestrial plants, and soil microorganism s. Based on modeling, potentially harmful concentrations may be reached within 2-20 years, dependent on site conditi ons, application rates, and frequency of application.

In response to the RED, a total of 46 comments were received, which included remarks from various growers that use copper products, university extension services, re gistrants, and publiclyowned treatment works facilities. Comments receiv ed included information on application rates, copper use in aquatic areas and water treatm ent facilities, and human health exposures.

An amendment to the copper RED was published in May 2009 which incorporated the public

comments based on the RED. The revised RED documen t reflects the current status of the Office of Pesticide Programs initiatives , namely, the Endangered Species Program and the updated list of copper compounds’ technical registrants.

Based on the revised application rates in response to comments received on the copper RED (maximum rate of 7.5 lb Cu/A), the percentage of freshwater animal RQs exceeding acute and chronic LOCs and the magnitude of RQs for othe r aquatic organisms are significantly reduced from those derived for maximum application ra tes (31.76 lb Cu/A) on current copper pesticide labels. Advisory language was required describi ng conditions which might result in lower spray drift of copper to nearby wate r bodies. Mitigation measures which will reduce the maximum application rates for crop uses of copper down to levels similar to the typical rates evaluated resulted in significantly reduced acute and chro nic RQs, but these RQs still exceed acute and chronic LOCs for most food items and weight classes of terrestrial animals considered.

The Agency has conducted screening level assess ment for the following antimicrobial copper use scenarios which was issued on May 19, 2010, as an addendum to the 2009 revised Coppers RED: preserved wood in a housing community (wood decks, wood fences, etc.), roofing shingles in a housing community and antifoulant paints in a co mmercial marina (applied to ships and other water recreational vehicles). The Agency has limited environmental exposure data for the antimicrobial uses of copper (such as leaching da ta). Given this lack of data, the Agency made conservative assumptions when estimating expos ure. The BLM model conservatively assumed that there were four houses per acre and each of these homes had copper treated shingles, copper treated wood decks and copper treated wood fences . In addition, in the absence of leaching and other environmental fate data, it was assumed that 100% of copper leached from the treated roofs, wood decks and fences into water bodies. The Agency believes that the assumptions and

described scenarios do not reflect real-life condi tions in which antimicrobial products are used and, thus, the results from the BLM model may ove r-estimate the potential levels of copper in the environment and risk quotients for non-target species.

The MAM-PEC Model (version 2) was used to de velop estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) for the use of copper as an antifoulant. Conservative assumptions were also used to assess the use of copper as an an tifoulant as a result of limited data. For this screening level exposure assessment the use of copper as an antifoulant in commercia l marinas was assessed.

The commercial harbor scenario used for this screening level exposure assessment relied on the conservative assumptions that: (1) all ships were treated with copper and (2) copper would leach at the highest possible rate. The Agency also notes that the number of ships in the harbor may be

## 12 of 106 lower than what was used in the assessment s cenario according to the season and that water temperature and salinity may vary according to th e environmental conditions, which could affect the copper concentration in water. Considering th ese conservative assumptions , it is believed that

the results from the MA MPEC model may overestimate the pot ential levels of copper in the

environment.

3. Stressor Source and Distribution

3.1. Mechanism of Action
Copper is predominantly used as an algaecid e, fungicide, and molluscicide. However, the specific mode of action depends on the target sp ecies. Despite universal toxicity at high concentrations, copper (Cu 2+ 

## ion) at lower concentrations is an essential tr ace nutrient to all higher plant and animal life. In animals, includi ng humans, it is found wi dely in tissues, with relatively higher concentra tions in liver, muscle, and bone. It functions as a cofactor in various enzymes and in copper-based pigments.

In fish, copper can cause gill damage, and can interfere with osmoregulatory processes. It has been associated with effects on ATP-synthesi zing pathways, and can interfere with energy metabolism. In algae, it causes increased permeab ility of the cell membra ne and leakage of the cell contents. In mollusks, it di srupts peroxidase enzymes, an d affects the functioning of the surface epithelia. In mammals, excess copper cause s alterations in biomolecules and lipid peroxidation. Few avian wildlife studies are availa ble, but domestic chicks showed damage to the gizzard lining, and domestic ducklings and turkeys accumula ted copper in their livers. Copper has not been associated with carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects except at high concentrations.

In fungi, copper oxide permeates cellular membrane s, and then inserts co pper at metal-binding sites on proteins and enzymes or other cellular constituents where other metals normally function. Alternatively, the copper oxide can compet e with coenzymes for metal-binding sites on enzymes. In both cases, the fungicide effectively blocks the normal metabolic processes of living

cells and either inhibits growth or kills the fungus.

3.2. Overview of Pesticide Usage
For the purpose of problem conceptualiza tion, as was done with the 2006 RED, copper applications will be grouped into four categor ies for Registration Review: agricultural uses, direct water applications, urban uses, and antimicrobial uses.

Copper labels are currently being rewritten to addr ess problems identified in the RED concerning label application rates, reapplication intervals, and number of applicati ons. Problems identified in

the RED included no limitations on the number of a pplications, and frequency of application as short as 5 days or unspecified (on an “as need ed” basis). Application rates used in the RED assessment were based on the label analysis an d state average rates determined by BEAD, and input from the user community. A more deta iled analysis by BEAD during the RED public comment period showed the majority of users applied copper products at rates below those

## 13 of 106 recommended on the labels current at that ti me, but that for many of the high-use crops, applications were frequent.

Appendix Table A-2 provides the maximum per applicati on rate, maximum annual application rate, and minimum re-treatment inte rval that will be allowed on labe ls as they are rewritten. It is anticipated all labels will be consis tent with the limits described in Appendix Table A-2 before the Registration Review assessment is performed. Regardless, the Regist ration Review analysis will use the maximum per application rate, maxi mum annual application rate, and minimum retreatment interval that are a llowed on copper labels at the time of that assessment.

3.2.1. Agricultural Uses
Several copper compounds, including copper sulfate and copper hydrox ide, are used as fungicides and bactericides on a variety of row crops and orchards. The registered agricultural uses for copper, grouped into various crop categories, include the following:

o Tree fruit – pome fruit (apple, loquat, p ear, quince), atemoya, sugar apple (annona), avocado, banana, carambola, cherimoya (custa rd apple), citrus (citron, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, orange, pummelo, tangelo, ta ngerine, and lime), guava, mamey sapote, mango, olive, papaya, persimmon, and stone fruit (apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum, and prune);

o Tree nuts – almond, betel nut (Guam), cacao, ches tnut, coffee, filbert, litchi, macadamia, nutmeg, pecan, pistachio, and walnut;

o Field crops – alfalfa, cereal grains (barley, m illet, oat, rye, sorghum, and wheat), clover, corn (field corn, popcorn, and sweet co rn), peanut, potato, soybean, sugar beet, sugarcane, and tobacco;

o Small fruits – brambles (aurora, blackbe rry, boysen, cascasde, chehalem, dewberry, logan, marion, raspberry, santiam, and t hornless evergreen), blueberry, cranberry, currant, gooseberry (ribes), and strawberry;

o Vegetables – artichoke, asparagus, bean (dry and green), beet (t able beet and beet greens), carrot, celery, celeriac, chard, cr ucifers (broccoli, brussel sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard greens, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, and turnip greens) cucurbits (cantaloupe, casaba, chayote, citron melon, cucumber, gourd, honeydew, muskmelon, pumpkin, squash (s ummer and winter), watermelon, and waxgourd), eggplant, garlic, lee k, lettuce (endive and escarole ), okra, onion, pea, pepper (bell and chili), radish, rhuba rb, rutabaga, shallot, spinach, tomato (processing and fresh market), turnip, and watercress;

o Vines – grape, hops, kiwi, and passion fruit;

o Miscellaneous – chicory, chives, cinnamon, coriander, dill, ginseng, mint, parsley, rosemary, and turfgrass; and

o Ornamentals – Easter lilies and other ornamentals.

According to the United States Geological Survey ’s (USGS) national pest icide usage data, about 106 million pounds of copper was used as fungicide in 2002 ( Figure 1 ). Of this, about 25% was

used in rice. Citrus and wal nut represented the second (23%) and third (10%) major uses for copper fungicides, respectively. The rest of the ma jor uses were in grape, tomato, peach, almond, apple, cherry, and potato.

## 14 of 106 Figure 1. Copper usage data for agricultural uses. (Source: http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/usage/maps/show_map.php?year=02&map=m5011

, accessed on May 25, 2010)

3.2.2. Direct Water Applications

Copper is also used in direct applications to wa ter to control algae, cy anobacteria, aquatic weeds (Elodea spp., hydrilla, Potamogeton spp., irrigation canal weed, and annual naiads), schistosomeinfected freshwater sna il control, algae control in aquaculture when fish are present, tadpole shrimp in rice fields, and leech control.

3.2.3. Urban Uses
Copper-containing compounds have a number of pest icidal uses in urban settings, including wood treatments, lawn treatments (as a fungicide), use in pools and fountains, root killers for sanitary sewers and irrigation pipes, and anti-fou ling paints. Lawn uses will be considered with agricultural uses (as turf). Use of copper as root killer will be considered separately under urban

uses. Wood treatment and antifoulant paint uses of copper will be dealt in the Antimicrobial Uses

section detailed below.

Typically, copper sulfate pentahydra te crystals are used for root -killers in sewage systems. Application directions recomme nd flushing 2 pounds of product (25.4% copper, approximately 0.51 lbs elemental copper) down the toilet every 6 months to control tree root growth. This treatment is not recommended for septic systems. In some localities, sales of these products have been banned, as their use was found to contribut e significantly to overall loading of copper in

## 15 of 106 some watersheds

. Water contaminated with copper from use of these products is expected to be processed through water treatm ent facilities prior to re lease to receiving waters.

Copper is used in irrigation systems to prevent plant root growth inside the drip tubes. The uptake of the excess copper ions by the plant root tips leads to the inhibiti on of cell elongation. Resulting impacts include blunting of root tips and stuntin g of the growth of the roots near the emitter without impacting the overall health of the plant as copper in the root tips is not translocated to the rest of the plant.

3.2.4. Antimicrobial Uses

Copper oxides are used as fungicide/fungistat, bacteriocide/bacteriostat, microbicide/ microbistat, insecticide, miticide, termiticide, al gaecide, slimicide, herbicide aquatic, herbicide terrestrial, molluscicid e and tadpole shrimp, repellent or f eeding depressant, antifoulant, and disinfectants. The registered antimicrobial uses for copper oxides are grouped into various use categories. Wood preservatives ar e applied by pressure to wood to prevent the wood decay. The pressure treated wood is used for differ ent purposes including wood Surfaces (public, commercial and residential buildings conveyances ), wood surfaces (fences) , landscape ties, fence boards, posts, building poles, decks, docks, walkways, and wood boats, wood structures, wood farm structures, lumber, timbers, wood fence posts, wood poles/posts, wood supports, wood piles (terrestrial), wood products, w ood shingles, wood structural parts, plywood, wood protection treatment to wooden aquatic structures and wood marine structures, wood pilings, wood protection treatment to fo rest products by pressure,

Antifouling Coatings are used to protect boat hulls (fiber glass), boat hulls (aluminum), boat/ship hulls/bottoms (painted/primed) and boat/ship hulls/Bottoms (primed metal), underwater hull surfaces, buoys, barges boat docks, marine stru ctures and equipment (wood). The above major

uses of Cu will be assessed in this risk assessment. There are other uses of Cu as antimicrobials

which will not be addressed in the risk assessmen t because of their sporadic use. These include: Residential and public access premises, medi cal equipment and premises, swimming pools, human water systems, materials preservatives, ag ricultural Premises and Equipment, and aquatic

areas

3.3. Environmental Fate and Transport
Best-available data defining the phys ical, chemical, fate, and transp ort characteristics associated with copper are summarized in Appendix Table A-1 . Subdivision N guideline studies submitted to the Agency are inappropriate to assess the environmental fate of inorganic copper compounds because copper will not degrade in the envi ronment. Copper applied as a pesticide is indistinguishable from naturally -occurring copper in the envir onment. However, Subdivision N guideline studies are appropriate for organic Cu complexes because the organic portion of the compound may degrade through abiotic and biotic processes. Because Cu is a common constituent of the inorganic and organic complexes of Cu and is the active ingredient, environmental fate assessments of copper comp ounds will be combined into a single fate assessment. There are sufficient environmental fate data to use a chemical equilibrium approach for assessing the environmental fate of Cu 2+ 

## . Uncertainties in the assessment are associated with

## 16 of 106 chemical kinetics ( i.e., the rate) of mineral precipitatio n-dissolution, oxidation-reduction, and complexation. This assessment will address antimicrobial, agricultural, urban, and aquatic uses of copper compounds listed in Appendix Table A-2

.

Cu(II) salts, hydroxides, and oxide s will dissociate to form Cu 2+ 

## and a counter anion. The extent

of dissociation is controlled by the solubility of the compound. The chemistry of copper in aqueous systems is complex and it involves more than one oxidation state of copper, as well as the formation of mineral phases, neutral species, and complexes. Figure 2 provides an overview of the chemistry of copper in aqueous systems. In this overview, it is assumed that metallic copper is the reacting chemical species.

Metallic (Cu 0 

## ) can oxidize to form Cu(I) and Cu(II) species in solution or as solid phases. The oxidation of Cu(0) to Cu(I) or Cu (II) depends on the redox conditions 1 

## of the medium. The form in which Cu(I) or Cu(II) species is found depends on the pH of the medium and the nature and concentration of other chemical species that can form Cu-containing species. For example, inorganic Cu (II) species that could form Cu (II) salts, oxides and hydroxides that may be found as soluble or insoluble speci es. Cu(I) species may include some oxides and hydroxides. In addition, Cu(I) or Cu(II) may form complexes with a variety of naturally occurring ligands. However, the concentration of “free copper” is controlled by the pH of the medium. When used as pesticides, (free Cu(II) ion) is released via dissolution of Cu(II) salts, oxides/hydroxides and/or by the breakdown of organic complexes and/or degradation of the organic moiety.

Copper is known to bioaccumulate, especially in aquatic inverteb rates like mollusks. BioConcentration Factors (BCFs) may vary greatl y, dependent on the concentration of copper in the water, with higher BCFs occurring at lo wer concentrations. The importance of copper bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains is not well established. Because copper is an important trace nutrient, some organisms may have mechan isms for maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, these mechanisms may be better developed in or ganisms chronically exposed to elevated levels of copper than in the naive organisms typically used in laboratory experiments. Therefore, bioaccumulation data would be difficult to interpre t and will not be quantitatively evaluated in

this assessment.

1 

### Redox potential is the tendency of the environment to deplete molecular oxygen from the system to form oxygen containing compounds. Redox can be measured as an electr ical potential in millivolts (mV). It also controls the chemical forms of other compounds in the environment.

## 17 of 106 Figure 2. Environmental bridging strategy for copper (Cu) minerals and complexes.

4. Receptors
Consistent with the process described in th e Overview Document (USEPA 2004), the risk assessment for copper relies on a surrogate specie s approach. Toxicological data generated from surrogate test species, which are intended to be representative of broad taxonomic groups, will be used to extrapolate to potential effects on a vari ety of species (receptor s) included under these taxonomic groupings.

Acute and chronic toxicity data from studies submitted by pesticide registrants along with the available open literature will be used to evalua te the potential direct and indirect effects of copper to aquatic and terrestrial receptors. This includes toxic ity on the technical grade active ingredient and formulated products ( e.g. , “Six-Pack” studies). The open literature studies will be identified through EPA’s ECOTOXicology (ECOTOX) database (USEPA 2009a), which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. The evaluati on of both sources of data may also provide insight into the direct and indirect effects of copper on biotic co mmunities from loss of speci es that are sensitive to the chemical and from changes in structure and functional characteri stics of the affected

communities.

Guideline studies submitted in support of copper registration are presented in the References

section. The ECOTOX database will be searched when the risk assessment for copper is Prepared. At that time, endpoints more sensitiv e than those identified in the 2006 RED will be reviewed from the open literature studies. Organic Cu Complexes Cu (II)

Minerals

Inorganic Cu Complexes

Cu (I)

Minerals

Natural

Cu 0



### Cu +



### Cu 2+

## 18 of 106 Copper is regulated under the Federal Insectic ide Fungicide Rodenticid e Act (FIFRA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). At the time of the 2006 copper RED, water, sediment, and soil criteria had been updated by EPA’s Office of Water (O W) and Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER), based primarily on extensive review and analysis of open literature. To remain consistent with other EPA programs, as was done with the 2006 RED, OPP will be incorporating new ecological e ffects evaluation methods devel oped by OW and OSWER, where appropriate, and in accordance with EFED policies for this assessment also.

The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) has coordina ted closely with the Office of Water in the development of the ecological risk assessment in support of the reregistration of copper compounds. Both programs have used the BLM to incorporate copper speciation effects. The two programs have different procedures to determ ine risk to non-target organisms. OW uses a community-based approach, and sets the value to be protective of 95% of the organisms in the species sensitivity distribution. OPP determines risk quotients (based on which benchmark values are derived) based on estimated envir onmental concentrations (EECs) and the most sensitive species within a particular taxa group ( i.e., fish, aquatic invertebra tes, aquatic plants, etc). Overall, the process of the evaluations is different for OPP and OW, but the end results are

consistent.

Table 3 provides a summary of the taxonomic groups and the surrogate species tested to characterize the potential acu te and chronic ecologi cal effects of copper. Table 3 also provides a preliminary overview of the potential acute toxici ty of copper by providing the acute toxicity

classifications.

Table 3. Test Species Evaluated for Assessing Potential Ecological Effects of Copper and the Associated Acute Toxicity Classification

Taxonomic Group Surrogate Species Acute and Chronic Toxicity Endpoints Citation

MRID/Source Acute Toxicity

Classification Bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ) Acute oral LD 50 

### = 98 mg Cu/kgbw 00067456 Moderately toxic

Bobwhite quail Sub-acute 8-day LC 50 = 

### 991mg Cu/kg diet 00811103 Moderately toxic Birds 1



### Bobwhite quail Chronic avian reproduction NOAEL = 58 mg Cu/kg bw (based on eggshell thickness) 43338001 --

Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) Acute oral LD 50 

### = 114 mg Cu/kgbw 43396201 Moderately toxic

Mammals Mink ( Mustela vison ) Chronic reproduction study NOAEL = 11.7 mg Cu/kg bw or 85.5 mg Cu/kg diet; LOAEL = 15.1 mg Cu/kg bw or 110.5 mg Cu/kg diet

(based on reduced survivorship of kits) Sample et al.,

1996 --

Insects Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. ) Acute contact 48-hr LD 50 

### = >100 μg Cu/bee 40764702 Practically nontoxic

## 19 of 106 Taxonomic Group Surrogate Species Acute and Chronic Toxicity Endpoints Citation

MRID/Source Acute Toxicity

Classification

Terrestrial plants Corn ( Zea mays ) Kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) Monocot NOAEC = 6.8 lb Cu/acre

Dicot NOAEC = 36.7 lb Cu/acre

(No EC 25 

### available for terrestrial plants) E# 44317

E# 40559 -

Salmonids ( Oncorhyncus species ) The Genus Mean Acute Value of salmonids (as derived in the 2007 Revised Aquatic Life Copper Criteria by OW) for use in BLM model to determine site-specific copper toxicity values = 31.4 3 

### μg ai/L Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper Very highly toxic

Freshwater fish 2



### NA An acute to chronic ratio of 3.22will be applied to the BLMderived site-specific acute toxicity values values (as was done in 2006

RED as the minimum data requirements for chronic toxicity

were not met to derive OW’s chronic criteria) Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper --

Water flea ( Daphnia magna ) The Genus Mean Acute Value of daphnids (as used in the 2006 RED) for use in BLM model to determine site-specific copper toxicity values = 4.1 4 

### μg ai/L Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper Very highly toxic

Freshwater

invertebrates

NA An acute to chronic ratio of 3.22will be applied to the BLMderived site-specific acute toxicity values (as was done in 2006 RED as the minimum data requirements for chronic toxicity were not met to derive OW’s chronic criteria) Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper --

Summer flounder ( Paralichthys

dentatus ) The Genus Mean Acute Value of estuarine/marine fish (as used in the 2006 RED) for use in BLM model to determine site-specific copper toxicity values = 12.7 μg

ai/L Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper Very highly toxic

Estuarine/marine

fish

NA An acute to chronic ratio of 3.23will be applied to the BLMderived site-specific acute toxicity values (as was done in 2006 RED as the minimum data requirements for chronic toxicity were not met to derive OW’s chronic criteria) Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper NA

Estuarine/marine

invertebrates Mussel ( Mytilus species) Genus Mean Acute Value of estuarine/marine invertebrates (as used in the 2006 RED) for use in

BLM model to determine sitespecific copper toxicity values = 11.5 μg ai/L Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper Very highly toxic

## 20 of 106 Taxonomic Group Surrogate Species Acute and Chronic Toxicity Endpoints Citation

MRID/Source Acute Toxicity

Classification

NA An acute to chronic ratio of 3.23will be applied to the BLMderived site-specific acute toxicity values (as was done in 2006 RED as the minimum data requirements for chronic toxicity were not met to derive OW’s chronic criteria) Office of Water’s

Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Document for Copper NA

Aquatic nonvascular plants Green alga ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ) Acute 48-hr EC 50 

### /NOAEC = 3.1/2.0 μg ai/L 43363603 -

Aquatic vascular plants Duckweed ( Lemna gibba ) Acute 48-hr EC 50 

### /NOAEC =

2300 5 

### /100 μg ai/L 43363604

1 

### Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

2 

### Freshwater fish serve as surroga tes for aquatic-phase amphibians.

3 

### The 2006 copper RED used salmonid GMAV of 29.1μg ai/L. This number was revised by OW as 31.4 μg ai/L in the revised document released in 2007; Details on BLM model and BLM-adjusted toxicity endpoints were discussed in Section 7 in the Measures of Exposure and Ef fects sections. As of this time, the BLM is parameterized for only freshwater fathead minnow and daphnids. If the BLM is not parameterized for salmonids at the time of the assessment, acute LC 50 

### s of fathead minnow will be adjusted by the ratio of the salmonids GMAV to the fathead minnow GMAV (the adjustment factor was calculated to be 0.404 in the 2006 RED, the revised adjustment factor is 0.45), similar to the approach used in the 2006 RED.

4 

### The 2006 copper RED used daphnid GMAV of 3.6 μg ai/L. This number was revised by OW as 4.1 μg ai/L in the

revised document released in 2007.

5 

### The nonvascular plant endpoint of 3.1 μg ai/L was used in the copper RED to determine risk to vascular plants

also. NA = Not applicable.



## For the analysis of risk to freshwater fish and invertebrates, OPP will use the Genus Mean Acute Values (GMAVs) for acute risk and acute-to-chr onic ratios (for chronic risk) calculated by OW based on data from open literature studies, simila r to that done in 2006 RED. Freshwater fish and invertebrate’s toxicity data will be further processed using the BLM model. Toxicity data (converted to GMAVs and acute-to-chronic rati os) compiled by OW on estuarine/marine fish

and invertebrates will be used to determine risk to these taxa . Toxicity data from guideline

studies submitted to OPP were used to evaluate ri sk to aquatic plants, birds (acute and chronic), and mammals (chronic) and open literature studies were used to determine toxicity to mammals (chronic) and terrestrial plants in the RED. The endpoints used in the RED will be used in this assessment also if these remain the most sensitive endpoints.

A summary of the aquatic and te rrestrial toxicity data is provided in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, respectively. In addition, a su mmary of ecological incidents associated with copper and a description of ecosystems potentia lly at risk are provi ded in Sections 4.3 and 4.4, respectively.

4.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms
As part of the development of the Ambient Water Quality Criteria for copper, the Office of Water performed a comprehensive review of the publicly available open literature studies that evaluated effects of copper on aquatic organism s (USEPA 2007b). Data from approximately 350 acute exposure studies were us ed to derive normalized LC 50 

## values for freshwater organisms, including 15 species of inverteb rates, 22 species of fish, and 1 amphibian species representing 27 different genera. Acceptable freshwat er chronic toxicity data from early life stage tests, partial

## 21 of 106 life-cycle tests, and full life-cycle tests were used from 29 tests including data for 6 invertebrate species and 10 fish species. Acceptable acute studies were identified for 34 species of invertebrates and 18 species of fish in estuar ine/marine environment. One acceptable chronic study was located for estuarine/marine (sheepsh ead minnow) and estuarine/marine invertebrate (mysid shrimp). Studies used by OW meet th e ECOTOX criteria used by OPP for evaluating open literature.

Instead of generically using the most sensitive endpoint derived from labor atory toxicity tests, OPP elected to evaluate aquatic copper toxi city using the Biotic Ligand Model and water chemistry data from USGS monitoring sites. Co pper toxicity in natural waters is largely a function of water chemistry. Copper is most toxic in waters of low ionic strength and/or low in dissolved organic carbon. The pH of the water also affects toxicity. The BLM, a combined speciation and toxicity model, a llows calculation of toxicity valu es based on site specific water chemistry. The most recent water chemistry data collected by USGS will be input into the BLM to calculate adjusted LC 50 

## s for freshwater fish and invertebrate s. The available data set will be censored to remove any sites with values above or below the parameter ranges allowed in the

BLM. More details on BLM model are presented in Section 7.

Based on the 2006 RED, Daphnia were the most sens itive genera of aquatic invertebrates for which data were available, and the most sensitive aquatic species overall. The Daphnia acute

LC 50 

## used in OPP’s aquatic assessment (2006 RED) is essentially the same Genus Mean Acute Value (GMAV) (3.6 ppb) used for the establis hment of the Aquatic Life Criteria. The 2007 revision on aquatic life ambient fr eshwater quality crite ria for copper updated this number as 4.01 ppb. This value will be input into the BLM mode l to derive site-specifi c toxicity values to estimate risk to aquatic invertebrates.

The criteria document for copper suggest that salmonids (genus Onchorynchus ; GMAV of 29.11

μ g/L) are the most sensitive fish species. Thus, the GMAV for salmonids was used to determine risk to freshwater fish in copper RED. Base d on a 2007 update to the co pper criteria document, the salmonid GMAV was revised to be 31.4 ppb. Th e updated GMAV for salmonids will be used in the BLM model for Registration review. At the time of RED, the BLM had not yet been implemented to calculate the LC 50 

## for salmonids. Therefore, OPP elected to adjust the fathead minnow (for which BLM is parameterized) LC 50 

## s produced by the BLM by the ratio of the salmonid GMAV to the fathead minnow GMAV (29.11 μ g/L:72.07 μ g/L; adjustment factor 0.404). A similar adjustment will also be made in this assessment using the revised GMAVs (31.4 μ g/L:69.63 μ g/L; adjustment factor 0.45). The estimated salmonid LC 50 

## s will be used to assess risk to amphibians also as boreal toad (Bufo boreas; GMAV = 47.49 ppb, updated value), the amphibian for which toxicity data is available, is less sensitive than the salmonid genus Onchorynchus.

A total of 44 genera were repr esented in the species sensitiv ity distribution used by OW to

establish the saltwater criteria. This distribut ion included 34 species of invertebrates and 18 species of fish. The calculated GMAVs range d from 11.5-6,448 ppb, and included some tests on sensitive early life stages. Salinity appeared to affect copper toxici ty, and those effects appear to be species-specific. The GMAVs of Mytilus sp ecies, a commercially and recreationally

## 22 of 106 important mussel species (GMAV = 6.19 ppb) and summer flounder (GMAV = 12.66 ppb) will

be used to evaluate acute risk to estuarine/ma rine invertebrates and fi sh species, respectively.

As insufficient data were available to establish a Genus Mean chronic Value for freshwater fish and invertebrates, OW used the acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) approach to develop the criteria for copper (USEPA 2003). An acute-to-chronic toxic ity ratio of 3.23 was used for freshwater organisms in the 2006 RED. The BLM only estimate s acute toxicity, so the ACR was applied to site specific LC 50 

## s for both the daphnids and salmonids to ge nerate site specifi c chronic toxicity values. An acute-to-chronic toxicity ratio of 3.23 will be used for estuarine/marine fish and

invertebrates similar to that done in the 2006 RED. Sufficient data were not available to calculate the saltwater ACR, so the freshw ater ACR was applied to marine and estuarine environments by OW and in the 2006 RED. A similar approach will also be used in this assessment.

The BLM is not parameterized to process toxicity data for any aquatic plant species. Standard guideline studies submitted to OPP will be used to derive toxicity endpoints for aquatic plants. Based on the RED, the most sensitive aqua tic plant species tested, the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata , (EC 50 = 

## 3.1 ppb) was selected to represent this taxa. Though a valid endpoint is available for vascular plants (duckweed EC 50 = 

## 2300 ppb), the 2006 RED evaluated risk to vascular plants based on t oxicity data of non-vascular plants. A similar approach would be used for this assessment also. Open literature studies will be reviewed at the time of the assessment to determine if an endpoint more sensitive than the above is available.

4.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms
Terrestrial wildlife toxicity values used in RED, listed above in Table 3 , will be used for this assessment also. Unlike the aquatic organisms, most of the terrestrial wildli fe toxicity is based on registrant-submitted guideline studies. Similar to the 2006 RED, toxicity values for various compounds will be expressed on the basis of co pper, rather than the copper containing compound to reduce the variability in toxicity levels between the various compounds. Based on the 2006 RED, copper sulfate appeared to be mo re toxic than some of the other compounds, possibly due to the fact that it is extremely soluble, thereby making the Cu 2+ 

## ion more readily available to the organi sm following ingestion.

Unlike many substances assessed by OPP, copper is a naturally occurring substance, and an important micronutrient. Unlike aquatic organism s, where the toxic effect is exerted by the copper ion binding to the gill, toxicity for terres trial organisms will be assessed based on dietary uptake. Although acute poisoning can occur and ma y be severe enough to cause death, mammals

are known to have biochemical mechanisms for c ontrolling uptake of copper and maintaining homeostasis. Although less well researched, it is likely similar mechanisms exist for birds and other terrestrial organisms. Ac ute poisoning effects include he patic necrosis and hemolytic anemia, and vomiting.

Copper is classified as moderate ly toxic to birds and mammals on an acute exposure basis. For birds, chronic exposure resulted in reduced gr owth and mortality. For mammals, chronic dietary exposure during reproduction resulted in reduced survivorship of kits. Based on an acute contact study with honey bees, copper is practically non-t oxic to terrestrial inse cts, although the effects of ingestion are unknown. Copper is relatively non-toxic to mature terrestrial plants, based on

## 23 of 106 vegetative vigor studies. No obs ervable adverse effects concen trations (NOAECs) were 6.8 lb Cu/acre for monocots (corn) and 36.7 lb Cu/acre for dicots (kidney bean).

4.3. Incident Database Review
Three databases, the Ecological Incident Info rmation System or EIIS maintained by the Environmental Fate and Effects Division, the Aggregate Summary Module (ASM) of Office of Pesticide Program’s Incident database mainta ined by the Information Technology and Resource Management Division, and the Avian Incident Monitoring System (AIMS) maintained by the American Bird Conservancy, were searched to lo cate incidents resulting fr om the use of various copper compounds. Incident searches were comple ted for all PC codes included in this action.

Although copper compounds have been used as pesticides for over 100 years, relatively few incidents associated with copper compounds are reported in the EIIS a nd ASM. It is unknown whether there is significant under- reporting of incidents. Overall, 13 incidents were located in the EIIS and 9 incidents were located in the ASM database ( Table 4 ). No bird incidents were

located in the AIMS database. None of these incidents were related to antimicrobial uses.

Incidents from EIIS Database: Incident reports presented in Table 4 are for copper compounds w ith active registrations only. These incident reports pertain to 5 copper co mpounds, basic copper sulfate, basic copper carbonate, copper oxychloride, copp er ethylenediamine, and copper triethanolamine complex.

Of the 13 reported incidents in the EIIS database , 2 were associated with terrestrial plants (tomato and corn). The certainty of these inci dents was rated as possi ble (corn) and probable (tomato). The tomato incident, reported from Washington State in 1997, was in accordance with registered use. On the other hand, the legality of the use was unknown based on the corn incident reported from Indiana in 2001. Reported e ffects on corn included pinched ears.

Eleven of the thirteen reported incidents were associated with kills of aquatic organisms, primarily fish. Of these incidents, 9 were classified as probable a nd 2 incidents were classified as highly probable. Five of the thir teen incidents resulted from regi stered uses of copper compounds where as 3 incidents were from misuse (intenti onal or accidental). The legality on 3 other incidents was unknown. Reported incidents were genera lly fish kills, with the reported number of fish ranging from 6 to 2,000, except for one ca se in South Carolina, where the report lists 150,000 bluegill fish killed. Fish a ffected in other incidents incl ude yellow perch, catfish, bass, perch, koi, sunfish, brook trout, and ra inbow trout. In all cases, effe cts reported were mortalities, but the mechanisms (direct toxicity or secondary effects such as low dissolved oxygen) were not specified.

Incidents from the AMS Database: A total of 9 incidents were reported in the AMS database of which 3 pert ain to copper carbonate, 2 to copper ethylenediamine complex, and 4 to copper triethanolamine complex. Other than the date range during which the incident occurred, no other information on the incident (including the species affected) was reported in this database.

## 24 of 106 Table 4. Copper Compounds for which Incident s were Reported in the Incident Databases

Copper Compound PC code Number of Incidents Reported in the EIIS

Database (Species affected) Number of Incidents Reported in the Ag g re g ate

Incident Database Basic copper sulfate 008101 1 (Tomato) - Basic copper carbonate 022901 4 (Fish) 3

Copper oxychloride 023501 1 (Corn) - Copper ethylenediamine 024407 2 (Fish) 2 Copper triethanolamine complex 024403 5 (Fish) 4 Total Reported Incidents 13 9



## 4.4. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk
Because of the number of copper uses and the vast spatial extent of copper usage, it is not possible to describe in detail the ecosystems potentia lly at risk from the pesticidal uses of copper. However, in general terms, terrestrial ecosystem s potentially at risk wo uld include the treated field and areas immediately adjacen t to the treated field that may receive copper drift or runoff. Areas adjacent to the treated field could include cultivated fields, fencerows and hedgerows, meadows, fallow fields or grasslands, woodlands, riparian habitats and other uncultivated areas.

Aquatic ecosystems potentially at risk include wa ter bodies adjacent to, or down stream from, the treated field and might include impounded bodies such as ponds, lake s and reservoirs, or flowing waterways such as streams or rivers. For uses in coastal areas, aquatic habitat also includes marine ecosystems, including estuaries.

For copper, based on the applicati on site, the ecosystems at risk in clude all areas where the level of copper contamination might reasonably be exp ected to be high enough to directly affect the resident organisms. Because copper continues to cycle, a potential effect from environmental sinks such as soil has to be considered. Ecosystems potentially at risk due to specific copper uses are presented below:

Agricultural Uses: For typical crop and orchard applications, the ecosyst em at risk is the field and adjacent aquatic and terrestrial environments that might be a ffected by runoff or spray drift. Atmospheric deposition is not expected to be an importa nt exposure route in th is scenario. Aquatic concentrations resulting from th is application method ar e expected to be significantly lower than the direct applications to water. In the wa ter body, pelagic and benthic elements will be considered. Aquatic evaluations will include aqua tic plants (nonvascular and vascular), aquatic invertebrates, fish, and amphibians. Terrestrial evaluations will include non-target insects, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals.

Direct Water Applications: When copper is applied directly to water, the ecosystem at risk consists primarily of that particular water body, but also includes any water bodies downstream. Within the water body, compartments of concern are the water colum n, sediments, and pore water. Organisms of concern include aquatic plants (nonvascular and vascular), aquatic invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and birds or mammals which may re ly on the water body as a drinking water source. The downstream reach also consists of a water column and benthic component. Dependent on

## 25 of 106 flow regime, deposition of copper contaminat ed sediment into downstream flood plains, marshes, or estuaries may be of concern.

Urban Uses: Urban uses considered for copper include lawn a pplications and root-kil lers. The ecosystem of concern for lawn applications is the same as t hose considered in the agricultural uses, and is addressed therein. The ecosystem of concern for the root-kille rs is the receiving waters. Organisms of concern include aquatic plants (no nvascular and vascular), aquatic invertebrates, fish, and amphibians.

Antimicrobial Uses :

When copper is applied as wood pr eservative, the ecosystems at risk consist of soil and adjacent water bodies. The ecosystems at risk for antifoulan t use of copper range from small residential and public access premises- Hard Non-Porous Surfaces including Kitchen Surfaces, Bathroom Surfaces, Soap Holders, Paper Towel Holders, Fa cial Tissue Holders, Countertops, Tabletops, Door Push- Plates, Hand Rails, Stair Rails, Cash Registers, Shopping Cart Handles, Car Seats, ATM Machines, Elevators, Jalo usie Windows, Signage, Casement , Radiator Covers, Office Supplies, Mass transit Facilities, Playground E quipment, Eye Glass Frames, Protective Eye Wear, Light Switches, Bracelets, Electrical Wall Plates, Headwall Systems, Knobs and Dials. The use of copper on shingles will affect soil surrounding the buildings as well as small streams and lakes in proximity to those buildings.

5. Assessment Endpoints
Assessment endpoints represent the ac tual environmental value that is to be protected, as defined by an ecological entity (species, community, or ot her entity) and its attribute or characteristics (USEPA 1998). For copper, the ecological entities include th e following: freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, aquatic-phase amphibian s, estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates, aquatic plants, birds, re ptiles, terrestrial-phase amphibians, mammals, terrestrial invertebrates, and terrestrial plants. The attributes for each of these entities include growth, reproduction, and

survival.

Because the active ingredient of Cu(II) mineral salts, hydroxides, oxides, and Cu(II) complexes

is Cu 2+



### , 

## a unified risk assessment approach will be us ed for the pesticides addressed in this risk assessment. Therefore, an important consideration in the risk assessment is the use site of the various pesticides. The assessment endpoints w ill be addressed as separate components: endpoints affected by antimicrobi al uses, endpoints affected by agricultural uses, endpoints affected by direct water applications , and endpoints affected by urban uses.

6. Conceptual Model
For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it mu st reach ecological receptors in biologically significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which a pesticide moves in the environment from a source to an ecological recepto r. For an ecological pathway to be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, an environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for ecological receptors, an d a feasible route of exposure.

## 26 of 106 The conceptual model for copper provides a writte n description and visual representation of the predicted relationships between c opper, potential routes of exposure, and the predicted effects for the assessment endpoint. A conceptual model cons ists of two major comp onents: risk hypotheses and conceptual diagram (USEPA 1998).

6.1. Risk Hypotheses
A risk hypothesis describes the predicted re lationship among the stre ssor, exposure, and assessment endpoint response along with the rati onale for their selection. For copper, the following ecological risk hypotheses are being employed for this na tional-level ecological risk

assessment:

Based on the application methods, mode of acti on, direct toxicity to non-target aquatic and terrestrial species, and potential indirect effects to trophic food webs, the use of copper compounds has the potential to reduce survival, reproduction, and/or growth in terrestrial and aquatic animals and plants through direct applic ation, spray drift, runoff of sediment-bound residues (erosion) and the accumulations in soils and plants. These non-target organisms include Federally-listed threatened and endange red species as well as non-listed species.

6.2. Conceptual Diagram
Application methods for copper-containing com pounds involve foliar spray applications via ground, aerial, and hand-held equipment and direct aquatic applications. Fo r agricultural crops, the most-likely application met hod is via ground application; how ever, since aeria l applications are not precluded on the labels, both ground and aerial applications will be assessed. Ecological receptors that may potentially be exposed to co pper-containing compounds include terrestrial and semi-aquatic wildlife ( i.e. , mammals, birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians, terrestrial invertebrates, and reptiles) and plan ts. In addition, aquatic receptors ( e.g ., freshwater and estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates, aqua tic-phase amphibians, and plants) may also be exposed as a result of direct water applications and potential movement of copper via spray drift

and/or runoff of sediment-bound residues from the site of application to aquatic environments. Copper also has a potential for adsorption to sedi ment and for bioaccumulation in the tissues of aquatic organisms; therefore, exposure of bent hic organisms to copper from sediment (pore water) and to piscivorous mammals and birds via consumption of aquatic invertebrates and fish is possible. However, because copper is an impor tant trace nutrient, some organisms may have mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. A dditionally, these mechanisms may be better developed in organisms chronically exposed to elevated levels of copper than in the naive organisms typically used in laboratory experi ments. Therefore, bioaccumulation will not be quantitatively evaluated in this assessment.

The transport mechanisms ( e.g. , sources) for agricultural, urban, and wood preservative applications are depicted in the conceptual models below ( Figures 3 and 4 ) and result in the movement of copper into aquatic (water and sedi ment) and terrestrial (soil and foliage) habitats. The movement away from the site of applicati on in turn represents exposure pathways for a broad range of biological receptors of concern (n on-target animals and plants) and the potential attribute changes, i.e. , effects such as reduced survival, gr owth and reproduction, in the receptors due to copper exposure. Similarly Figure 5 depicts exposure pathways for direct aquatic applications and antimicrobial uses on boat hulls.

## 27 of 106 Figure 3. Conceptual Model for Copper Effects on Terrestrial Organisms. ( Dotted arrows indicate exposure pathways that have a lo w likelihood of contributi ng to ecological risk.)

Figure 4. Conceptual Model for Co pper Effects on Aquatic Organisms. (Dotted arrows indicate exposure pathways that have a low likelihood of contributing to ecological risk.) Stressor

Source

Attribute Change Pesticide applied to use site

Direct application Spray drift

Terrestrial

vertebrates Terrestrial

inverts

Individual organisms

Reduced survival Reduced growth Reduced reproduction Food chain Reduction in prey and food

Modification of PCEs

related to prey availability Habitat integrity Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover Community change

Modification of PCEs related to

habitat Terrestrial plants grasses/forbs, fruit, seeds (trees, shrubs) Runoff/ Leaching

Terrestrial

Vertebrates 

### Exposure Media & Receptors Soil

Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Dermal uptake/Ingestion Atmospheric
transport

Root uptake/contact

Wet/dry deposition

Ingestion Leaching to

Groundwater Irrigation

water 

### Stressor

Source

Attribute Change Pesticide applied to use site

Direct application Spray drift

Terrestrial

vertebrates Terrestrial

inverts

Individual organisms

Reduced survival Reduced growth Reduced reproduction Food chain Reduction in prey and food

Modification of PCEs

related to prey availability Habitat integrity Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover Community change

Modification of PCEs related to

habitat Terrestrial plants grasses/forbs, fruit, seeds (trees, shrubs) Runoff/ Leaching

Terrestrial

Vertebrates 

### Exposure Media & Receptors Soil

Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Dermal uptake/Ingestion Atmospheric
transport

Root uptake/contact

Wet/dry deposition

Ingestion Leaching to

Groundwater Irrigation

water

** Route of exposure includes only ingestion of fish and aquatic invertebrates 

### Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute Change Pesticide applied to use site

Spray drift

Aquatic animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

**Piscivorous mammals

and birds

Individual organisms

Reduced survival Reduced growth Reduced reproduction Food chain Reduction in algae and

vascular plants Reduction in prey

Modification of PCEs

related to prey availability Habitat integrity Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover Community change

Modification of PCEs related to

habitat Surface water/

Sediment Runoff/ Leaching

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates 

### Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills or integument

Ingestion Ingestion Atmospheric
transport

Wet/dry deposition Soil Leaching to

Groundwater

Uptake/gills or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular Uptake/cell,
roots, leaves Riparian plants

terrestrial

exposure pathways see

Figure 3

** Route of exposure includes only ingestion of fish and aquatic invertebrates 

### Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute Change Pesticide applied to use site

Spray drift

Aquatic animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

**Piscivorous mammals

and birds

Individual organisms

Reduced survival Reduced growth Reduced reproduction Food chain Reduction in algae and

vascular plants Reduction in prey

Modification of PCEs

related to prey availability Habitat integrity Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover Community change

Modification of PCEs related to

habitat Surface water/

Sediment Runoff/ Leaching

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates 

### Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills or integument

Ingestion Ingestion Atmospheric
transport

Wet/dry deposition Soil Leaching to

Groundwater

Uptake/gills or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular Uptake/cell,
roots, leaves Riparian plants

terrestrial

exposure pathways see

Figure 3

## 28 of 106 Figure 5. Conceptual Model for Potential Co pper Effects on Aquatic Organisms from Direct Applications to Water. (Dotted arrows indicate exposure pathways that have a low likelihood of contributing to ecological risk.)

Exposure to terrestrial animals is assumed to occur primarily through dietary consumption of foliar residues ( Figure 3 ). The assessment will not account for ingestion of copper residues by animals in drinking water or contaminated grit, ingestion through preenin g activities, or uptake through inhalation or dermal absorption by terrestrial animals.

Aquatic assessments assume exposure occurs primarily through runoff and spray drift ( Figure 4 ) or direct application and leaching from boat hulls ( Figure 5 ). Leaching transport to surface water through groundwater and atmospheric transport (o ther than spray drift) are assumed to be negligible for coppers ( Figure 4 )

7. Analysis Plan
In order to address the risk hypot hesis, the potential for adverse effects on the environment from copper use will be estimated. The use, environmen tal fate, and ecological effects of copper will be characterized and integrated to assess the risks. This is a ccomplished using a risk quotient (ratio of exposure concentration to effects c oncentration) approach. Although risk is often defined as the likelihood and magnitude of advers e ecological effects, the risk quotient-based approach does not provide a quantitative estimate of likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. However, as outlined in the Overview Document (USEPA 2004), the likelihood of effects to individual organisms from particular uses ofcopper will be estimated using the probit doseresponse slope and either the level of concern (d iscussed below) or the actual calculated risk quotient value. ** Route of exposure includes only ingestion of fish and aquatic invertebrates 

### Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute Change Pesticide applied to use site

Direct Application

Aquatic animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

**Piscivorous mammals

and birds

Individual organisms

Reduced survival Reduced growth Reduced reproduction Food chain Reduction in algae and

vascular plants Reduction in prey

Modification of PCEs

related to prey availability Habitat integrity Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover Community change

Modification of PCEs related to

habitat Freshwater Surface Water/

Sediment Leaching from

Boat Hulls

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates 

### Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills or integument

Ingestion Ingestion Uptake/gills or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular Uptake/cell, roots, leaves Saltwater Water Column/

Sediment

** Route of exposure includes only ingestion of fish and aquatic invertebrates 

### Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute Change Pesticide applied to use site

Direct Application

Aquatic animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

**Piscivorous mammals

and birds

Individual organisms

Reduced survival Reduced growth Reduced reproduction Food chain Reduction in algae and

vascular plants Reduction in prey

Modification of PCEs

related to prey availability Habitat integrity Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover Community change

Modification of PCEs related to

habitat Freshwater Surface Water/

Sediment Leaching from

Boat Hulls

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates 

### Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills or integument

Ingestion Ingestion Uptake/gills or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular Uptake/cell, roots, leaves Saltwater Water Column/

Sediment

## 29 of 106 This analysis plan will be re visited and may be revised dependi ng upon the data available in the open literature and the information submitted by the public in response to the opening of the Registration Review docket for copper.

7.1. Stressors of Concern
The focus of this assessment is expected to be the inorganic copper becau se inorganic copper is not affected (will not degrade further) by the biot ic or abiotic degradation mechanisms, organic copper complexes are degraded in to inorganic copper, and the Cu 2+ 

## ion (a form of inorganic copper) appears to be the mo st toxic form of copper.

Evaluation of environmental pesticide mixtures is beyond the scope of this assessment because of the myriad factors that cannot be quantified based on the available data. Those factors include identification of other possible co-contaminants and their concentrations, differences in the pattern and duration of exposure among contamin ants, and the differential effects of other physical/chemical characteristic s of the receiving waters ( e.g., organic matter present in sediment and suspended water). Evaluation of factors th at could influence additivity/synergism is beyond the scope of this assessment and the capabilities of the available data to allow for an evaluation. However, it is acknowledged that not considering mixtures c ould over- or under-estimate risks depending on the type of interact ion and factors discussed above.

7.2. Measures of Exposure
In order to estimate risks of copper exposures in aquatic and terrestri al environments, all exposure modeling and resulting risk conclusion s will be based on maximum application rates, maximum number of applications, minimum retrea tment interval, and application methods cited

in Appendix Table A-2 for all copper uses. Measures of exposure are based on aquatic and terrestrial models that predic t estimated environmental concen trations (EECs) of copper.

For the non-direct aquatic use risk assessment, c opper uses on agricultura l crops (including lawn uses) will be modeled using the PRZM/EXAM m odels for estimating Cu runoff from a 10 ha field into a standard small water body (USEPA 2002). A range of crop scenarios with diverse geography will be selected to ensure appropria te crop-climate-agronomic combinations are represented. To assess the speciation and conseq uent toxicity, OPP will use the Biotic Ligand Model, which accounts for the e ffects of major dissolved ions and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) present in natural surface waters, similar to the approach used for 2006 RED. These ions and DOC may reduce the toxicity of the Cu ion by binding it and making it biologically unavailable. The BLM was used by EPA’s Office of Water to establish Ambient Water Quality

Criteria. The model has been reviewed and approved by the Scientific Advisory Board.

The BLM model will be used to estimate the concentration of Cu 2+ 

## ion (copper activity) and toxicity in OPP’s standard pond (a small wa ter body representing a highly vulnerable aquatic system) using site-specific water chemistry mon itoring data from USGS sites distributed across the nation. The BLM requires ten input parameters to calculate a freshwat er copper criterion: temperature, pH, dissolved organic carbon ( DOC), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, and alkalinity (a saltwater BLM is not yet available).

## 30 of 106 Peak, 21-day average, and 60-day average Cu 2+ 

## concentrations will be estimated for each runoff scenario. Risk quotients will be derived for aquatic invertebrates and fish by comparing the copper activity derived from runoff with the copper activity repres enting an aquatic invertebrate

or fish LC 50 

## at the specific site, based on water chemis try using the BLM. Freshwater fish and invertebrate toxicity data will only be adjusted using the BLM as it is not parameterized for estuarine/marine organisms and aquatic plants . The resulting risk quot ients (RQs) will be compared to the OPP pre-established levels of concern (LOC), and expressed as the percentage of sites exceeding those LOCs. Equati ons will be fit to the data ge nerated in this process. These equations will allow an estimate of dissolved copp er concentrations based on application rates, and an estimate of how many of the USGS sites exceed a given endpoint at a particular dissolved copper concentration.

Similar to the 2006 copper RED, the “Down the Drain” model, EFAST 2.0, developed by the

Office of Toxic Substances will be used for r oot killer uses of copper to estimate the concentrations delivered to receiving waters fo llowing treatment. Concentrations in receiving

waters will be estimated based on flow recurre nce events, and represent low flow conditions. Concentrations calculated using this model are not directly comparable to concentrations estimated using EXAMS, which is based on a standard, constant-volume water body. To calculate risk quotients, the BLM will be used to estimate copper activity based on the median water chemistry of the USGS monitoring sites, and then compared to the activity associated with the site-specific inve rtebrate and fish LC 50 

## s.

The antifoulant use of copper will be assesse d using MAMPEC Version 2.0 (Marine Antifoulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations). This model was commissioned by Antifoulaning Working group of the European Pa int Makers Association (CEPE) for conducting risk assessments for antifouling agents. MAM-PEC is used as an assessment tool for antifoulant risk assessments in Europe. The model provides prediction of e nvironmental concentrations of antifouling products in six generalized “typical ” marine environments (commercial harbor, estuarine harbor, marina, mari na poorly flushed, open sea, an d shipping lane). The model predicts the concentratio ns of Cu in water using physical an d chemical characteristics of copper including leaching rate. The highest available le aching rate for Cu will be used for modeling. The estimated Copper concentrations generated by the model along with the eco-toxicology data

will be used to calculate risk quotients for copper eco logical risk assessment.

The wood preservative uses of copper will be as sessed using several scenarios including a house built with wood, fence, pole, and deck. The concentr ation of Cu leached from each structure will be calculated based on the amount of the Cu app lied to the wood by pressure treatment, leaching

rate of the Cu from wood and the volume of th e wood. The calculated concen trations of Cu from

the wooden structure will be converted to lbs/Ac re and will be applied to a 10 Hectare land as one application. This application rate will be us ed as an input into PRZM/EXAM to estimate the copper run off from a 10 Ha filed into a standard small water body.

The use of antimicrobial copper on shingles will be assessed by estimating the amount of copper leached from shingles based on the leaching rate and rain fall. It is assumed that the leached copper from the shingles will get into a water bod y. The size of the water body will be a standard small water body. The estimated Cu concentrations w ill be used as an input in the BLM model to

## 31 of 106 estimate the concentration of Cu +2 

## (Copper activity) and toxicity using site-specific water chemistry monitoring data from USGS sites across the United States.

Terrestrial effects due to all copper uses will be assessed using OPP’s standard assessment methodology, with the exception of the fact that toxicity endpoints for studies from all compounds will be converted to expr ess the toxicity value on the basi s of copper, similar to that done in copper RED. Standard assessment meth odologies will include the use of the Terrestrial Exposure Model (TREX, version 1.4.1, 10/09/2008) fo r evaluation of toxic effects to birds and mammals, and TerrPlant for terrestrial plants. TR EX model incorporates the Kenaga nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et al . (1994), which is based on a large set of field residue data. The upper limit values from the nomograph represent the 95 th 

## percentile of residue values from actual field measurements (Hoerger and Kenaga 1972). The Fletcher et al . (1994) modifications to the Kenaga nomograph are based on measured field residues from 249 published research papers, including information on 118 species of plants, 1 21 pesticides, and 17 chemical classes. TREX calculates RQs using both dose-based and dietary-ba sed toxicity values. Du e to the reactivity of copper, the dietary-based values are probably a better estimator of what might occur in the wild. Because no acute dietary toxicity endpoints were available for mammals, OPP will incorporate an absorption efficiency factor into the chroni c dose-based RQ calculations for mammals, similar

to the 2006 RED.

EECs for terrestrial plants inha biting dry and wetland areas are derived using TerrPlant (version 1.2.2, 12/26/2006). This model uses estimates of pe sticides in runoff and in spray drift to calculate EECs. EECs are based upon solubility, application rate, and minimum incorporation depth. Separate RQs will be calculated fo r monocotyledon and dicotyledonous plants.

7.3. Measures of Effect
Ecological effects data are used as measures of di rect and indirect effect s to biological receptors. Data are obtained from registrant-submitted studies or from literature studies identified by the ECOTOX database(USEPA 2009a). ECOTOX is a s ource for locating single chemical toxicity data and potential chemical mixture toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestri al plants, and wildlife.

This database2 was created and is maintain ed by the USEPA, Office of Research and Development, and the National Health and Envi ronmental Effects Research Laboratory's MidContinent Ecology Division. ECOTOX will be search ed in order to provide more ecological effects data to bridge existing data gaps.

Information on the potential effects of copper on non- target animals is also collected from the Ecological Incident Information System (E IIS; USEPA 2009b). The EIIS is a database containing adverse effect (typic ally mortality) reports on non -target organisms where such

effects have been associated with the use of pesticides. Incidents reported in the aggregate incident reports and the Avian Incident Monitori ng System (AIMS) will also be searched. AIMS is a database administered by the American Bi rd Conservancy (it was partially funded by the EPA). It contains publicly available data on reported avian incidents involving pesticides (http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/po licy/pesticides/aims/aims/index.cfm).

Where available, sublethal effects observed in both registrant-submitted and open literature studies will be evaluated qualitatively. Such effects may include behavioral changes ( e.g. ,

## 32 of 106 lethargy and changes in coloration). Quantitative assessments of risks, though, are limited to those endpoints that can be di rectly linked to the Agency’s assessment endpoints of impaired survival, growth, and reproduction.

The assessment of risk for direct effects to non-target organisms makes the assumption that toxicity of copper to birds is similar to terrestrial-phase am phibians and reptiles. The same assumption will also be made for fish and aquatic-phase amphibians.

The acute measures of effect used fo r animals in this assessment are the LD 50 

## , LC 50 

## and EC 50



## . LD stands for "Lethal Dose", and LD 50 

## is the amount of a material, given all at once, that is

estimated to cause the death of 50% of the test organisms. LC stands for “Lethal Concentration”

and LC 50 

## is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to kill 50% of the test organisms.

EC stands for “Effective Concentration” and the EC 50 

## is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to produce a specific effect in 50% of the test organisms. Endpoints for chronic measures of exposure for listed and non-lis ted animals are the NOAEL/NOAEC and NOEC.

NOAEL stands for “No Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level ” and refers to the hi ghest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to have no ha rmful (adverse) effects on test organisms. The NOAEC ( i.e. , “No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concentration” ) is the highest test concentration at

which none of the observed effects were statistically different from the control. The NOEC is the

No-Observed-Effects-Concentration. For non-list ed plants, only acute exposures are assessed ( i.e. , EC 25 

## for terrestrial plants and EC 50 

## for aquatic plants); for lis ted plants, either the NOAEC

or EC 05 

## is used.

7.4. Integration of Exposure and Effects
Risk characterization is the integration of e xposure and ecological effects characterization to determine the potential ecological risk from the use of copper on agricultural, urban, antimicrobial, and direct water ap plications and the lik elihood of direct and indirect effects to non-target organisms in aquatic a nd terrestrial habitats. The exposur e and toxicity effects data are integrated in order to evaluate the risks of adverse ecological effects on non-target species. For the assessment of copper ri sks, the risk quotient (RQ) method is used to compare exposure and measured toxicity values. The EECs derived by PRZM-EXAMS modeling and then processed by the BLM to obtain site-specific EECs are divide d by BLM-adjusted acute and chronic toxicity values. The resulting RQs are then compared to the Agency’s Levels of Concern (LOCs) (USEPA 2004). These RQs will be used to de termine how many sites exceeded LOCs and indicate when copper’s uses, as directed on the labe l, have the potential to cause adverse direct or indirect effects to non-target organisms.

7.5. Integration of Multiple Uses of Copper

As described in Section 3 of this document, copper has a large number of labeled uses. Therefore, copper may enter a given ecosystem as a result of its use in mu ltiple settings (direct application to water, agricultura l uses, residential uses, and so me urban uses). The technical feasibility of combining multiple uses into a si ngle exposure scenario (i.e., a single EEC that incorporates copper inputs from multiple uses) is being evaluated at this time. It is anticipated that potential inputs of copper into water bodies resulting from multiple uses will be considered either quantitatively or qualitatively in the re gistration review risk as sessment. However, the

## 33 of 106 specific uses that may be combined and the method regarding how different uses may be combined to calculate a single EEC has not yet been determined.

7.6. Deterministic and Probabilistic Assessment Methods
The quantitative assessment of risk will primarily depend on the deterministic point-estimate based (RQ) approach described in the risk assessment. Depending on the risk manager's need for additional information regarding risk, an effort will be made to further qualitatively describe risk using probabilistic tools that the Agency has developed. These tools have been reviewed by FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panels (http://www. epa.gov/scipoly/sap/index.htm) and have been deemed as appropriate means of refining asse ssments where deterministic approaches have

identified risks.

7.7. Endangered Species Assessments
Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Agency will evaluate risks to Federally-listed threatened and/or enda ngered species (hereafter referred to as listed species) from registered us es of copper. This assessment will be conducted in accordance with the Overview Document (USE PA 2004), provisions of the ESA, and the

Services’ Endangered Species C onsultation Handbook (USFWS/NMFS, 1998).

The assessment of effects associat ed with the registration of c opper is based on an action area.

The action area is considered to be the area directly or indirectly affected by the federal action, as indicated by the exceedance of Agency Levels of Concern used to evaluate direct or indirect effects. The Agency’s approach to defining the action area under the provi sions of the Overview Document (USEPA 2004) consider s the results of the risk assessment process to establish

boundaries for that action area with the understa nding that exposures below the Agency’s

defined LOCs constitute a no-effect threshold. For the purposes of this assessment, attention will be focused on the footprint of the action ( i.e ., the area where copper a pplication occurs) that exceeds the Agency’s LOCs. Specific measures of ecological effect that define the action area for listed species include any di rect and indirect effects and/ or potential modification of its critical habitat, including reduction in survival , growth, and reproduction as well as the full suite

of sublethal effects available in the effects literatu re. Therefore, the action area extends to a point where environmental exposures are below any measur ed lethal or sublethal effect threshold for any biological entity at the whole organism, or gan, tissue, and cellular le vel of organization. In situations where it is not possible to determin e the threshold for an observed effect, the action area is not spatially limited and is assumed to be the entire United States.

7.8. Drinking Water Assessment
A drinking water assessment will be performe d if needed for the human health effects assessment portion of registration review. The drinking water assessment will incorporate model estimates of copper in surface and ground waters. Concentrations of coppe r in surface waters will be estimated using PRZM/EXAMS (see de scription above). Ground water estimates of copper concentrations will be established using SCI-GROW (v.2.3, July 2003). The drinking water assessment will also include available surface and ground water monitoring data, with consideration of changes in use patterns since mitigations have been imposed. State and local agencies are encouraged to submit monitoring data for review.

## 34 of 106 7.9. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps
Copper use is defined as having terrestrial (food and non-food) and aquatic uses. According to Code of Federal Regulations 40 (CFR40 2007; USEPA 2007a) Part 158 Subpart D (data requirements for pesticides) environmental fate a nd non-target organism effe ct data are required for copper based on its terrestrial and aquatic uses. According to Code of Federal Regulations 40 (CFR40 2009) Part 161 Subpart D (d ata requirements for registration of antimicrobial pesticides) environmental fate and non-target organism ef fect data are required for copper based on its terrestrial and aquatic uses. Available studies submitted to fulfill environmental fate and ecological effects guideline requirements, as well as outstanding data gaps for copper, are

defined in Table 7

, below, and in Appendix Table A-1

.

Further information on data required to fulfill the Agency’s guideline requirements for copper is presented as the Data Call-in (DCI) table in Appendix B . In addition to pr oviding the guideline number and study title for required data, the DCI ta ble provides a rationale for requiring the data, an explanation of how the data will be used, and a brief description of how the data could impact the Agency’s future decision-making.

7.9.1. Fate
The environmental fate data requirement s for copper are larg ely unfulfilled ( Appendix Table A1 ) because most of the guideline fate study requ irements are not applicable to the inorganic forms of copper and have only limited applicab ility to the organic complexes of copper. Consequently, the agency has waived many of these data requirements.

The environmental fate data requirements for an timicrobial uses of c opper oxides are partially fulfilled with some data gaps still remain ing. The data gaps are shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Fate Data Gaps for Antimicrobial Uses of Copper Oxides

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data Gap? Comments

Studies for Down the Drain Antimicrobial Uses

None None 850.6800 Modified activated sludge respiration

inhibition None None Yes

835.1110 Activated sludge sorption isotherm None None Yes

Special Leaching Studies for Roofing Materials/Shingles

None Leaching None* None Yes

Special Leaching Studies for Wood Preservatives

None Soil leaching study for wood preservatives 

### (AWPA E20-06) None None Yes

None Aquatic leaching for wood preservatives

(AWPA E11-06 

### ) None None Yes *Leachability of copper from roofing materials (shingles). A special leaching study is needed which would be conducted with various types of roofing materials (shingles) that have been treated with copper.

## 35 of 106 There are two areas of uncertainty concerning copper exposure that the agency believes need to be better addressed. First, the s ite-specific water quality conditions that resulted in toxicity issues in the copper RED vary spatially. The agency will try to gather a larger set of site-specific water quality data in order to better identify which areas of the United States are vulnerable to copper toxicity issues. Co-location of vulnerable areas with endangered species ranges will help to better identify endangered species at risk from copper applications.

Second, an assumption was made in the 2006 RED that copper typically is removed from the

water column and is bound in sediment within 10 days of the applica tion for direct water application or within 10 days of entry into the water body for r unoff and erosion from terrestrial applications. It would be useful to better understand how long c opper will remain in the water column under the water quality c onditions that lead to the greate st potential for copper toxicity ( e.g. , low pH and low DOC).

7.9.2. Effects
As part of the development of the Ambient Water Quality Criteria for copper, the Office of Water performed a comprehensive review of th e publicly available (o pen literature) copper

studies that evaluated effects on aquatic organisms. Data from approximately 350 acute exposure

studies were used to derive normalized LC 50 

## values for freshwater organisms, including 15 species of invertebrates, 22 sp ecies of fish, and 1 amphibian species representing 27 different genera. Acceptable freshwater chro nic toxicity data from early life stage tests, partial life-cycle tests, and full life-cycle tests were used from 29 tests including data fo r 6 invertebrate species and 10 fish species. Acceptable acute studies were identified for 34 species of invertebrates and 18 species of fish in estuarine/marine envir onment. One acceptable chronic study was located for estuarine/marine fish (sheepshead minnow) and i nvertebrate (mysid shrimp). In view of the range and comprehensiveness of the studies evaluated on aquatic organisms by EPA, no additional studies are required for copper at this time ( Table 6 ).

Table 6. Available Ecological Effects Data for Aquatic Animals Exposed to Copper Compounds and Remaining Data Gaps

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data Gap? Comments

850.1075 Freshwater

fish – Acute toxicity NA NA No The salmonid Genus Mean Acute Value, derived in the 2007 Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria for copper by Office Water, will be used for this assessment, similar to the 2006 RED.

850.1075 Saltwater fish

– Acute toxicity NA NA No The summer flounder Ge nus Mean Acute Value, derived in the 2003 Ambient Water Quality Criteria for copper by Office Water, will be used for this assessment, similar to the 2006 RED.

850.1010 Freshwater

invertebrates – Acute toxicity NA NA No The daphnid Genus Mean Acute Value, derived in the 2007 Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria for copper by Office Water, will be used for this assessment, similar to the 2006 RED.

850.1025

850.1035

850.1045

850.1055 Saltwater

invertebrates – Acute toxicity NA NA No The Mytilus species Genus Mean Acute Value, derived in the 2003 Ambient Water Quality Criteria for copper by Office Water, will be used for this assessment,

similar to the 2006 RED.

## 36 of 106 Guideline Description MRID Classification Data Gap? Comments

850.1300 Freshwater

invertebrate – life cycle test NA NA No An acute-to-chronic ratio of 3.22, based on 17 chronic values from partial and full lifecycle tests on freshwater invertebrates, as derived in the 2007 Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria for copper by Office Water, will be used for this assessment, similar to the 2006 RED.

850.1350 Mysid chronic toxicity test NA NA No A chronic mysid toxicity test is typically required for copper because the acute to xicity value for saltwater fish is <1 mg/L. The species sensitivity distribution constructed by the Office of Water for saltwater

criteria includes a chronic toxicity study on mysid shrimp. As the minimum eight family data requirement was not met for chronic toxicity, OW utilized the ACR approach to evaluate chronic risk. The estuarine/marine invertebrate ACR of 3.23 was applied

in the 2006 RED and will be used in this assessment

also.

850.1400 Freshwater

fish – early life stage

test NA NA No An acute-to-chronic ratio of 3.22, based on 12 chronic values from partial and full lifecycle tests on freshwater fish, as derived in the 2007 Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria for copper by Office Water, will be used for this assessment, similar

to the 2006 RED.

850.1400 Saltwater fish

– early life stage

test NA NA No As the minimum eight family data requirement was not met for chronic toxicity, OW utilized the ACR approach to evaluate chronic risk. The estuarine/marine fish ACR of 3.23 was applied in the

2006 RED and will be used in this assessment.

850.1735 Whole

sediment toxicity invertebrates,

freshwater NA NA No A whole sediment chronic study with freshwater invertebrates is required based on the partitioning to sediment and the persistence of copper; The GMAV(1987 ppb) for the sediment-dwelling midge ( Chironomus decorus ) derived by OW in the copper criteria document suggest that the use of daphnid GMAV (4.1 ppb) is protective of all aquatic invertebrates, including the ones that dwell in the

sediment.
NA = Not applicable



## Only two data gaps exist on the effects of copper compounds to terrestrial organisms ( 7 and 8 ). The data gaps, which are discussed in further detail below, include the following: avian acute oral toxicity testing and Tier I terrestrial plant studies (based on seedling emergence).

## 37 of 106 Table 7. Available Ecological Effects Data for Terrestrial Animals Exposed to Copper Compounds and Remaining Data Gaps

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data Gap? Comments

850.2100 Avian oral toxicity 00067456 Acceptable Yes*

850.2200 Avian dietary toxicity 00811103 Acceptable No

850.2300 Avian reproduction 43338001 Acceptable No

850.3020 Honey bee

acute contact toxicity 40764702 Acceptable No *Avian acute oral toxicity data are not available for a passerine species, which are required under

the new 40 CFR Part 158. An acute oral toxicity study using passerines must be submitted to fulfill this data requirement.



## Table 8. Available Ecological Effects Data fo r Plants Exposed to Copper Compounds and Remaining Data Gaps

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data Gap? Comments

850.4100 Terrestrial Plant toxicity: Tier I seedling

emergence 46325401 Supplemental Yes* MRID 43623401, though titled as Tier II study, is not a Tier II study as it evaluated only one application rate of copper (2.7 lb/A) on one crop (rice). A new study is required to document the effects of copper at the maximum application rate on the seedling emergence of terrestrial plants.

850.4150 Terrestrial plant toxicity: Tier I vegetative vigor E# 44317 (corn)

E# 40559 (kidney bean) NA No Though EC25s are not available in E# 44317 and E# 40559, the

2006 RED indicated that risk quotients from orchard use (31.8

lb Cu 2+ 

### /A) did not exceed the acute endangered species LOC;

therefore no additional studies are requested.

850.5400 Aquatic nonvascular plants 433636303 Acceptable No -

850.4400 Aquatic vascular plants 43363604 Supplemental No -

NA = not available

## 38 of 106 8. References

CFR 40. 2007. Code of Federal Regulations 40 Parts 150 to 189. Protection of the Environment. U.S. Government Printing Office.

Fletcher, J.S., J.E. Nellessen, and T.G. Pfleeger. 1994. Literatu re review and evaluation of the EPA food-chain (Kenaga) nomogram, an in strument for estimating pesticide residues on plants. Environ. Tox. Chem.

13:1383-1391.

Hoerger, F. and E. E. Kenaga, 1972. Pesticide Residues on Plants: Correlation of Representative Data as a Basis for Estimation of their Magnitude in the Environment. In F. Coulston and F. Korte, eds., Environmental Quality and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and Technology, Georg Thieme Publ., Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9-28.

Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L., and J.D. B eaton. 1985. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers (4 th 

### ed.)Macmillan Publishing Company, NY.

Sample, BE, Opresko, DM, and Suter II, GW. 1996. Toxicological Benchmarks for Wildlife, 1996 Revision, June 1996. Report ES/ER/TM-86/R3, prepared by the Risk Assessment Program, Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

USEPA. 2002. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides, Version II. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models water/input_guidance2_28_02.htm.

USEPA. 2003. 2003 Draft Update of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper. http://www.epa.gov/waterscience /criteria/copper/2003/master.pdf

USEPA. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessm ent Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Of fice of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington DC. January 23, 2004.

USEPA. 2007a. 40 CFR Part 158. Pesticides; Data Requir ements for Conventional Chemicals: Final Rule. 72 FR 60934. October 26, 2007.

USEPA. 2007b. Aquatic Life Ambient Fr eshwater Quality Criteria – Copper. http://www.epa.gov/waterscience /criteria/copper /2007/criteria-full.pdf

USEPA. 2009a. ECOTOXicology Database. Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory’s (NHEERL’s) Mid-Continent Ecology Division (MED). http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/

USEPA. 2009b. Ecological Incident Information System. http://www.epa.gov/espp/consultation/ecoriskoverview.pdf

USEPA. 2009c. Revised Re registration Eligibility Decision for Coppers. http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/copper_red_amend.pdf

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1998. Endangered Species Consultation Handbook: Procedures for Conducting Consultation and Conference Activities Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Final Draft. March 1998.

## 39 of 106 Submitted Copper Fate Studies:

Copper Sulfates 636 Basic copper sulfate (008101) – No fate Studies

Copper sulfate pentahydrate (024401) Guideline: 161-3 Photodegradation-soil

MRID: 99530 Nakhshina, Y.; Fel'dman, M. (1973) The effect of certain factors on the bonding of zinc and copper by the bottom oozes in water bodies. Hydrobiol. J. 7:12-17. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Chemicals, New We stminster, BC; CDL:228173-I)

MRID: 99540 DeMumbrum, L.; Jackson, M. (1956) Infra red absorption evidence on exchange react ion mechanism of copper and zinc with layer silicate clays and peat. Soil Science Society Pro ceedings 20:334337. (Also In unpublishe d submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Ch emicals, New Westminster, BC; CDL:228173-U)

MRID: 99541 Hodgson, J.; Lindsay, W.; Trierweiler, J. (1966) Micronutrient cation complexing in soil solution: II. Complexing of zinc and copper in displaced solution from calcareous soils. Soil Sc i. Soc. Amer. Proc. 30:723-726. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Me tafina Chemicals, New Westminster, BC; CDL:228173-V)

Guideline: 162-1 Aerobic soil metabolism

MRID: 162165 Copper Sulfate Data Task Force (1986) C opper Sulfate Standard Data Waiver Re quest. Unpublished compilation. 660 p.

Guideline: 162-2 Anaerobic soil metabolism

MRID: 162165 Copper Sulfate Data Task Force (1986) C opper Sulfate Standard Data Waiver Re quest. Unpublished compilation. 660 p.

Guideline: 162-3 Anaerobic aquatic metab.

MRID: 162165 Copper Sulfate Data Task Force (1986) C opper Sulfate Standard Data Waiver Re quest. Unpublished compilation. 660 p.

Guideline: 163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID: 99262 Riemer, D.N.; Toth, S.J. (1970) Adsorption of copper by clay minerals, humic acid a nd bottom muds. Journal of American Water Works Association 62(3):195-197. (Also~In~unpublished submi ssion received Nov 17, 1970 under 1F1093; submitted by Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York, N.Y.; CDL:090853-H)

Guideline: 164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID: 99537 Mereniuk, G.; Medzhibovskaia, Z. (1970) The contamination of soil and fruit by copper-cont aining pesticides. Gigiena i Sanit. 3 5 (1):108-10. Taken from: Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulleti n 3:445. (U.S. Dept. of Heal th, Education and Welfare generated; abstract 70-1590; published study; CDL:228173-Q)

MRID: 41003801 Carey, D. (1989) Analytical Report for Terrestrial Outdoor Fi eld Dissipation Studies with Coppe r-Containing Pesticides: Study No. 88-003-02. Unpublished study prepar ed by Biospherics Inc. 145 p.

MRID: 41003802 Carey, D. (1989) Method Validation Report for Terrestrial Outdoor Fiel d Dissipation Study with Copper-Containing Pesticides: Study No. 88-003. Unpublished study prep ared by Biospherics, Inc. 110 p.

MRID: 41003803 Ravitz, S. (1989) Terrestrial Outdoor Field Dissipation Stud y with Copper-Containing Pesticid es: Interim Summary Report: Project No. 24086: File/Issue No. 35-COP/89006. Unpublished st udy prepared by Orius Associates, Inc. 17 p.

MRID: 41116801 Guy, S. (1989) Metallic Copper Environm ental Fate on Citrus in Florida: Protocol No. 1641-88-121-01-01A-01. Unpublished study prepared by Biospherics Inc. 363 p.

## 40 of 106 Guideline: 164-2 Aquatic field dissipation

MRID: 38640 Yeo, R.R. (1972) Control of Cladophora and Two Pondweeds in a Small Earth-Lined Canal with Dicop. (Unpublished study received Jun 13, 1975 under 5E1648; prepared by Univ. of Californi a-Davis, Botany Dept., submitt ed by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:095428-T)

MRID: 62074 Nelson, J.L.; Bruns, V.F.; Coutant, C.C.; et al. (1969) Behavior and reactions of Copper sulfate in an irrigation canal. Pestic ides Monitoring Journal 3(3):186-189. (Available from: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, published study; CDL:228175-I)

MRID: 99143 Supervisor, Product Toxicology--3M Company (1971) Residue Studies: ?System C. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1972 under 10350-4; CDL:004918-J)

MRID: 99343 3M Company (1971) Residue Data: ?Envirocap-C. (Unpub lished study received Mar 8, 1972 under 10556-EX-2; CDL:127738- H)

MRID: 99347 3M Company (1970) Residue Data: ?Envirocap-C. (Unpub lished study received on unknown date under 10556-EX-2; CDL:127739-D)

MRID: 99539 Deubert, K.; Demoranville, I. (1970) Copper sulfate in flooded cranberry bogs. Pesticides Monitoring Journal 4(1):11-13. (Available from: Superintendent of Docu ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; published study; CDL: 228173-T)

MRID: 40968201 Carey, D. (1988) Method Validation Repor t for Aquatic Outdoor Field Dissipation Study with Copper-Containing Pesticides: Project No. Hb-241-101; Bios. Study No. 88-003. Unpublis hed study prepared by Biospherics Inc. 108 p.

MRID: 41003804 Carey, D. (1988) Analytical Report for Aquatic Outdoor Field Dissipation Studies with Copper-C ontaining Pesticides: Study No. 88-003-02: Project No. Hb-241-101. Unpublished stud y prepared by Biospherics, Inc. 90 p.

MRID: 41189001 Hosmer, A.; Beaver, J.; Brantly, T. (1988) An Aquatic Sedi ment Dissipation Study of Copper Sulfate in the Hillsborough Reservoir, Florida: Project ID 2 41-101. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International LTD. 482 p.

Guideline: 165-0 Accumulation Studies -General

MRID: 70296 Bartley, T.R. (19??) Investigations of Copper Sulfate for Aqua tic Weed Control. ?: U.S. Dept . of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. (Water Res ources technical publication, research report no. 27 ; pp. 11-15, 20, 21; published study; CDL:231553-D)

MRID: 116455 U.S. Dept. of the Army, Office of Engineers (1969) Silvex A quatic Herbicide: Residue Studies . (Compilation; unpublished study

received on unknown date under 1E1012; CDL:097961-G)

Guideline: 171-4C Magnitude of the Residue [by commodity]

MRID: 48413 American Celcure Wood Preserving Corpora tion (1969) ?Efficacy of Celcure on Dougl as-Fir. (Reports by various sources; unpublished study received Jun 3, 1971 under 3992-5; CDL:230590-A)

MRID: 99537 in Russian – did not get Mereniuk, G.; Medzhibovskaia, Z. (1970) The contamination of soil and fruit by copper-cont aining pesticides. Gigiena i Sanit. 3 5 (1):108-10. Taken from: Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulleti n 3:445. (U.S. Dept. of Heal th, Education and Welfare generated; abstract 70-1590; published study; CDL:228173-Q)

MRID: 116455 U.S. Dept. of the Army, Office of Engineers (1969) Silvex A quatic Herbicide: Residue Studies . (Compilation; unpublished study

received on unknown date under 1E1012; CDL:097961-G)

## 41 of 106 Guideline: 171-4A2 Nature of the Residue in Plants

MRID: 63970 Wilbur Ellis Company (1975) [Toxicity of inert ingredient to Rabbits and Other Mammals]. Unpublished study; 8 p.

MRID: 70287 Richelsen Chemical Company (1976) Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate : Fate of Copper in the Environment. Summary of studies 231553-B, and 231553-D through 231553-F. (Unpublished study received Sep 13, 1977 under 41071-1; CDL:231553-A)

MRID: 70288 U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (1974) A Review of the Literature on the Use of Copper Sulfate in Fisheries. N.P. (PB-235 445; pp. 20, 41, 58, 59 only; availa ble from: National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA; published study; CDL:231553-B)

MRID: 99166 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1963?) ?Cu Residues in Hydrilla. (Unpublished study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL:005661-D)

MRID: 99345 3M Company (1969) Toxicity Data of Copper. (Unpublishe d study received on unknown date under 10556-EX-2; CDL:127739- B)

MRID: 99475 Walsh, L.; Erhardt, W.; Seibel, H. (1972) Copper toxicity in snapbeans (Phaseolus vul garis L.). J. Environ. Quality 1(2):197200

. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225810-E)

MRID: 116455 U.S. Dept. of the Army, Office of Engineers (1969) Silvex A quatic Herbicide: Residue Studies . (Compilation; unpublished study

received on unknown date under 1E1012; CDL:097961-G)

MRID: 124622 Agchem (1970) Some Additional Information Pertaining to Fate of Endothall in the Environment: ?Summary. (Unpublished study received Dec 1, 1970 under 1F1105; CDL:094511-A)

MRID: 5002173 Audia, W.V.; Preston, W.H., Jr. (1965) The effects of severa l algaecides on aquatic plants. Pages 451-455,~In~Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Nort heastern Weed Control Conference. Farmi ngdale, N.Y.: Northeastern Weed Control

Conference.

Copper sulfate monohydrate (024402) – Cancelled

Copper sulfate anhydrous (024408) – Cancelled

Group II Copper Compounds 0649 Copper chloride (008001) Guideline: 164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID: 99537 Mereniuk, G.; Medzhibovskaia, Z. (1970) The contamination of soil and fruit by copper-cont aining pesticides. Gigiena i Sanit. 3 5 (1):108-10. Taken from: Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulleti n 3:445. (U.S. Dept. of Heal th, Education and Welfare generated; abstract 70-1590; published study; CDL:228173-Q)

Guideline: 171-4C Magnitude of the Residue [by commodity]

MRID: 99537 Mereniuk, G.; Medzhibovskaia, Z. (1970) The contamination of soil and fruit by copper-cont aining pesticides. Gigiena i Sanit. 3 5 (1):108-10. Taken from: Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulleti n 3:445. (U.S. Dept. of Heal th, Education and Welfare generated; abstract 70-1590; published study; CDL:228173-Q)

MRID: 130757 Sandoz, Inc. (1983) ?Residue: SAN 371F on Potatoes. (Comp ilation; unpublished study receiv ed Sep 1, 1983 under 3G2820; CDL: 071912-A)

## 42 of 106 MRID: 149820 Sandoz, Inc. (1984) Residue Data [of Sa n 371F]. Unpublished compilation. 137 p.

MRID: 45899607 Brennecke, R. (1998) Determination of Residues of SZX 0722 an d Copper on Tomato Following Spray Application of SZX 0722 and Copper 24.5 WP in the Field in Italy, France, and Portugal: Lab Project Number: RA-2123/97: 702285: 702293. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer CropScience Ag. 58 p. {OPPTS 860.1500}

MRID: 45899608 Heinemann, O.; Brennecke, R. (1997) De termination of Residues of SZX 0722 and Copper 24.5 WP on Tomato Following Spray Application in Italy, France, and Port ugal: Lab Project Number: RA-2137/96: 606 316: 606324. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer CropScience Ag. 48 p. {OPPTS 860.1500}

MRID: 45899609 Brennecke, R. (1998) Determination of Residues of SZX 0722 in/on Processed Commodities of Tomatoes Following Spray Application SZX 0722 and Copper (24.5 WP) in Greenhouses in France and Germany (Including Amendment): Lab Project Number: RA-3122/97: MO-99-005053: 702358. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer CropScience Ag. 118 p. {OPPTS 860.1520}

Guideline: 171-4A2 Nature of the Residue in Plants

MRID: 149820 Sandoz, Inc. (1984) Residue Data [of Sa n 371F]. Unpublished compilation. 137 p.

Copper ammonium carbonate (022703) – No fate Studies

Basic copper carbonate (022901)

Guideline: 162-1 Aerobic soil metabolism

MRID: 47757601 Shepler, K. (2009) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (Carbon 14) Polymeric Betaine (PB). Project Number: 1640W/1, 1640W. Unpublished study prepared by PTRL West, Inc. 152 p.

Guideline: 171-4B Residue Analytical Methods

MRID: 2200 Crown Zellerbach Corporation (19??) Analytical Procedures and Equipment. Two undated method s. (Unpublished study received Aug 2, 1965 under 3222-6; CDL:010748-2-F)

MRID: 88167 Crown Zellerbach Corporation (1949?) Analytical Methods. (Unpublished stud y received Jan 28, 1956 under PP0059; CDL:090057-B)

Guideline: 171-4C Magnitude of the Residue [by commodity]

MRID: 2198 Hadley, K.G. (19??) Summary of Tests on Residues from Ethoxyquin Treated Pear Wrap. (Unpublished study received Aug 2, 1965 under 3222-6; submitted by Crown Zellerbach Co rp., San Francisco, Calif.; CDL:010748-2-E)

MRID: 45170 Crown Zellerbach Corporation (1956) Full Repor ts of Investigations Made with Respect to the Safety of the Pesticide Chemical: ?Hartman Wrap. (Unpublished study receiv ed Feb 27, 1956 under PP0059; CDL:092339-A)

MRID: 111887 Hadley, K. (19??) Summary of Tests on Residues from Ethoxyquin Treated Pear Wr ap. (Unpublished study received Jun 22, 1981 under 3222-6; submitted by Crown Zellerbach Corp., San Francisco, CA; CDL:245303-A)

Copper hydroxide (023401) Guideline: 171-4C Magnitude of the Residue [by commodity]

MRID: 61758 Gates, C.E. (1976) Statistical Analysis of the Rocide Corporation Cooper Re sidue Experiment of Citrus. (Unpublished study received Jun 9, 1976 under 8901-1; prepared by Texas A & M Un iv., submitted by Kocide Chem ical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:224574-A)

## 43 of 106 MRID: 45618201 Thompson, D. (1997) Metalaxyl + Copper: Magnitude of Re sidue on Grape: Lab Project Number: 06266: 06266.95-CAR10: 06266.95-NYP11. Unpublished study prepared by University of California, Analytical Labor atories and Michigan State University. 297 p.

Guideline: 171-4A2 Nature of the Residue in Plants

MRID: 99475 Walsh, L.; Erhardt, W.; Seibel, H. (1972) Copper toxicity in snapbeans (Phaseolus vul garis L.). J. Environ. Quality 1(2):197- 200. (Also In unpublished submission rece ived Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225810-E)

Copper and Oxides 4025 Cuprous oxide (025601)

MRID:41281501 Anthony, C. (1989) Leach Rate Determin ations of Antifoulant Paints Containing Tributyltin: 58SAF5000 Chlorinated Rubber Antifouling Paint Red: Lab Project Number: 00283/001. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. in cooperation with Valspar Corp. 286 p.

MRID:41281501 Anthony, C. (1989) Leach Rate Determin ations of Antifoulant Paints Containing Tributyltin: 58SAF5000 Chlorinated Rubber Antifouling Paint Red: Lab Project Number: 00283/001. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. in cooperation with Valspar Corp. 286 p.

MRID:41284501 Anthony, C. (1989) Leach Rate Determinat ions of Antifoulant Paints Containing Tr ibutyltin: 65SAF OMP Antifouling Paint Red 8177-IN: Lab Project Number: 00283-001. Unpublished study prepar ed by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. in cooperation with Valspar Corp. 286 p.

MRID:44804502 Anthony, C. (1991) Leach Rate Determinat ion of Antifoulant Paint Containing Copper (Flexgard XI Waterbas e Preservative: Lab Project Number: 00347-001. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. 85 p.

MRID:45458305 Anthony, C. (1991) Leach Rate Dete rmination of Antifoulant Paint Containi ng Copper (Flexgard XI-II (C) Waterbase Preservative Copper Paint Concentrate): Lab Project Number: 00 347-001. Unpublished study prepared by Flexabar Corporation. 84 p.

MRID:45459505 Anthony, C. (1991) Leach Rate Determin ation of Antifoulant Paint Containing C opper: Flexgard VI: Lab Project Number: 00347-001. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. 83 p.

MRID:45510501 Sinning, D. (2001) Leach Rate Determin ation of Tropikote 2145 Black Antifouling Pa int Containing Irgarol 1051: Lab Project Number: 2450-01. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. 22 p.

MRID:45510502 Sinning, D. (2001) Leach Rate Determina tion of Tropikote 2145 Blue Antifouling Pa int Containing Irgarol 1051: Lab Project Number: 2450. Unpublished study prepared by Ca se Consulting Laboratories, Inc. 22 p.

MRID:45510503 Sinning, D. (2001) Leach Rate Determin ation of Tropikote 2145 Red Antifouling Pain t Containing Irgarol 1051: Lab Project Number: 2450-03. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories, Inc. 22 p.

MRID:124841 Prokopovich, N. (1983) Copper Distribution in Cotton Sediments of Solano Reservoir. (Unpublished study received Apr 16, 1982 under 390-60; prepared by Water and Power Resources Service, Mi d-Pacific Region, submitted by U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, DC; CDL:247277-B)

## 44 of 106 Copper (metal) (022501) – An timicrobial uses only Guideline: 161-3 Photodegradation-soil

MRID: 99542 Jamison, V. (19??) Adsorption and fixation of copper in some sandy soils of central Florida. Soil Sci. 53:287-297. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Chemicals, New Westminster, BC; CDL:228173-W)

Guideline: 163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID: 99542 Jamison, V. (19??) Adsorption and fixation of copper in some sandy soils of central Florida. Soil Sci. 53:287-297. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Chemicals, New Westminster, BC; CDL:228173-W)

MRID: 45572701 Sinning, D. (2001) Raw Data SR-21: (Lea ch Rate Determination): Lab Project Nu mber: SR-21: 390-57,58. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories. 316 p.

MRID: 45572702 Sinning, D. (2001) Raw Data SR-21: (L each Rate Determination): Lab Project Number: 390-57: 390-58: SR-21. Unpublished study prepared by Case Consulting Laboratories. 296 p.

Guideline: 164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID: 99538 Rieder, W.; Schwertmann, U. (1972) Kupferanreicherung in hopfengenutzten boeden der Heller tau. ?Copper accumulation in soils used for hop growing in Bavaria. Landwirt. Forsch. 25(2) :170- 177. Taken from: Health As pects of Pesticides Abstract Bulletin ?:283. (U.S. Dept. of Health, Ed ucation and Welfare generated; abstract 74-1057; published study; CDL:228173-R)

Guideline: 165-0 Accumulation Studies -- General

MRID: 99573 Hutchinson, T.; Fedorenko, A.; F itchko, J.; et al. (1976) Movement and Compartment ation of Nickel and Copper in an Aquatic Ecosystem. Pages 565-583, In Environmental Biogeochemistry. By J.O. Nriagu. S.l.: Ann Arbor Press. (Also In unpublished submission received Jul 12, 1978 under 1278-8; submitted by Ph elps Dodge Refining Co., New York, NY; CDL:234670-D)

Guideline: 171-4A2 Nature of the Residue in Plants

MRID: 99140 Supervisor, Product Toxicology--3M Company (1969?) Literature Review of Copper in Nature. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1972 under 10350-4; CDL:004918-G)

Guideline: 835.0001 Background for Environmental Fate, Transport, and Drift

MRID: 47730701 Mattlin, J.; Shah, S. (2009) Determination of Copper Emissions by Rain Bird Copper Shield Product - Amended. Project Number: 8070315. Unpublished study prepared by Rain Bird Corporation and Weck Laboratories, Inc. 13 p.

Cupric oxide (042401) – An timicrobial uses only

Copper Salts 4026 Copper salts of fatty and rosin acids (023104) – No fate Studies

Copper ethylenediamine (024407) Guideline: 162-4 Aerobic aquatic metab.

MRID: 44127508 Spare, W. (1996) Aerobic Aqua tic Metabolism of Copper-Ethylen ediamine Complex (Komeen): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 3305: 96-0026. Unpublished study prepared by Agrisearch, Inc. 175 p.

Guideline: 163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID: 94091002 Ravitz, S. (1990) Griffin Corporation Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41189001. An Aquatic Sediment Dissipation Study of Copper Sulfate in The Hillsborough Reservoir, Florida: Project No. 241-101. Prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 8 p.

## 45 of 106 Guideline: 164-2 Aquatic field dissipation

MRID: 94091002 Ravitz, S. (1990) Griffin Corporation Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41189001. An Aquatic Sediment Dissipation Study of Copper Sulfate in The Hillsborough Reservoir, Florida: Project No. 241-101. Prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 8 p.

Copper triethanolamine complex (024403) Guideline: 161-1 Hydrolysis

MRID: 99665 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (19??) Brea kdown Products and Rate of Triethanolamin e Chelate of Copper Sulphate: Cutrine. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1972 under 2F1227; CDL:091057-M)

Guideline: 162-4 Aerobic aquatic metab.

MRID: 43931101 Spare, W. (1996) Copper-Triethanolamine Complex: Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism of Copper-Triethanolamine Complex: Lab Project Number: 3304: 95-071: 96-001. Unpublished study prepared by Agrisearch Inc. 189 p.

Guideline: 163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID: 94088002 Ravitz, S. (1990) Griffin Corporation Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41189001. An Aquatic Sediment Dissipation Study of Copper Sulfate in the Hillsborough Reservoir, Florida: Project No. 241- 101. Prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 19 p.

Guideline: 164-2 Aquatic field dissipation

MRID: 94088002 Ravitz, S. (1990) Griffin Corporation Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41189001. An Aquatic Sediment Dissipation Study of Copper Sulfate in the Hillsborough Reservoir, Florida: Project No. 241- 101. Prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 19 p.

Guideline: 171-4C Magnitude of the Residue [by commodity]

MRID: 99667 Elvehjem, C.; Hart, E. (1929) The copper content of feedingstu ffs. Journal of Biological Chem istry LXXXII(2):473-477. (Also In unpublished submission received Jul 21, 1972 under 2F1227; su bmitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL:091057-R)

Guideline: 171-4A2 Nature of the Residue in Plants

MRID: 99166 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1963?) ?Cu Residues in Hydrilla. (Unpublished study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL:005661-D)

MRID: 99413 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (1963) Copper Uptake Experiments. (Unpublished study re ceived Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL: 220149-C)

Other Copper Compounds Copper octanoate (023306) – No fate Studies Copper ethanolamine complex (024409) – No fate Studies

Copper Compounds Not Listed in RED Copper as metallic (024405) – No fate Studies

Copper thiocyanate (025602) Guideline: 161-1 Hydrolysis

MRID: 41845909 Marshall, D. (1989) Determinat ion of the Hydrolysis of Cuprous thiocyanat e in Water: Lab Project Number: 338752: 6262. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 24 p.

Copper silicate (024301) – No fate Studies

## 46 of 106 Submitted Copper Effects Studies

Copper Sulfates 636 Basic copper sulfate (008101) Guideline: 71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 99293 Bodden, R.M.; Thomson, G.M. (1979) Avia n Single-dose Oral LD50-- Bobwhite Quail. (Unpublished study received Jun 4, 1979 under 1109-13; prepared by Ralston Purina Company, submitt ed by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga .; CDL:098351-A)

MRID: 99557 Bodden, R. (1978) ?Toxicity Study of Citgo Tri-Basic Copper Sulfate to Bobwhite Quail. (U npublished study received Jul 31, 1978 under 1109-13; prepared by Ralston Purina Co., submitt ed by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:234567-A)

MRID: 106120 Warf Institute, Inc. (1977) Report: Warf Institute No. 7012485. (Unpublished study received Jul 11, 1977 under 1109-13; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:233920-A)

Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 99587 Fink, R.; Reno, F. (1974) Final Report: Ei ght-day Dietary LC50-- Mallard Ducks: TriB asic Copper Sulfate: Project No. 811-104. (Unpublished study received Mar 22, 1974 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by Environmental Sciences Corp. and Truslow Farms, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:235522-A)

MRID: 134361 Fink, R.; Reno, F. (1974) Eight-day Dietary LC50--Mallard Duck s: Tribasic Copper Sulfate: Project No. 811-104. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Mar 22, 1974 under 1109-13; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Tennessee Chemical Co., Atla nta, GA; CDL:223695-A)

MRID: 134362 Fink, R.; Reno, F. (1974) Eight-day Dietary LC50--Bobwhite Qua il: Tribasic Copper Sulfate: Project No. 811-103. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Mar 22, 1974 under 1109-13; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Tennessee Chemical Co., Atla nta, GA; CDL:223695-B)

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 99348 Pitcher, F.G.; McCann, J.A. (1974) ?Nutri tional Spray No. 6 for Citrus: R. Trout (S. gairdneri). (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigations Branch, Technical Services Div.; u npublished study; CDL:127917-A)

MRID: 99349 McCann, J.A.; Pitcher, F. ( 1973) (Zinc Coposil: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gair dneri)): Test No. 573. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regul ation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:128235-A)

MRID: 99350 McCann, J.A.; Pitcher, F. (1973) ?Zinc C oposil 35: Bluegill: Test No . 545. (U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:128238-A)

MRID: 99361 Pitcher, F.G. (1974) Traco Super Fine C opper 50: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Te st No. 664. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Di v., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:128530-A)

MRID: 99362 Pitcher, F.G. (1973) ?Copper Bordeaux 22: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Test No. 615. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Di v., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:128531-A)

MRID: 99375 McCann, J.A. (1971) ?Black Leaf Tri-basic Bordeaux Powder: Blue gill (Lepomis macrochirus): Te st No. 321. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Re gulation Div., Animal Biology Labora tory; unpublished study; CDL:130337-A)

MRID: 99386 Pitcher, F.G.; McCann, J.A. (1974) ?CUZ N Dust No. 20: Bluegill (L. machrochir us): Test No. 746. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigations Branch, Technical Servi ces Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:131069-A)

## 47 of 106 MRID: 99387 Pitcher, F.G.; McCann, J.A. (1974) ?Moyer CU ZN: Bluegill (L . machrochirus): Test No. 741. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigati ons Branch, Technical Services Div., Anim al Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:131076-A)

MRID: 99388 Pitcher, F.G. (1974) ?Traco Super Fine Copper 50: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdne ri): Test No. 717. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regul ation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:131078-A)

MRID: 99547 Buccafusco, R. (1977) Acute Toxicity of Tri-basic Copper Sulf ate to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). (Unpublished study received Feb 1, 1978 under 1109-13; prepared by EG & G, Bi onomics, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:233916-A)

MRID: 99548 Buccafusco, R. (1977) Acute Toxicity of Tri-basic Copper Sulf ate to Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). (Unpublished study received Feb 1, 1978 under 1109-13; prepared by EG & G, Bi onomics, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:233918-A)

MRID: 121878 McCann, J. (1971) (Black Leaf Tri Basic Bordeaux Powder: Ra inbow Trout): Test No. 417. (Unpub lished study received Jan 4, 1971 under 5887-1; prepared by U.S. Agricultural Research Servi ce, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory, submitted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Beltsville, MD; CDL: 108544-A)

MRID: 130143 Pitcher, F.; McCann, J. (1974) (CU ZN : Rainbow Trout): Test No. 729. (Unpublis hed study received Aug 25, 1974 under 5967- 111; submitted by U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency, Beltsville, MD; CDL:165000-A)

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 99385 Black, H.G., Jr. (1974) Letter sent to Dire ctor, Registration Division, Environmental Protection Agency dated Oct 9, 1974: TC Tri-basic copper sulfate. (Unpublished study received Oct 16, 1974 under 1109-13; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA.; CDL:130998-A)

MRID: 99584 LeBlanc, G.; Surprenant, D. (1978) Acut e Toxicity of Tri-basic Copper Sulfate--T he Water Flea (Daphnia magna): Report #BW78-8- 255. (Unpublished study received Sep 12, 1978 under 1109-13; prepared by EG & G, Bi onomics, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlant a, GA; CDL:235097-A)

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 27392 Pitcher, F. (1974) ?Cuzn Dust No. 20: Toxicity to Rainbow Tr out: MB 295. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Agricultural Research Center, Animal Biology Laboratory, unpublished report.)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 56623 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Report: WARF No . 3092966. Summary of studies 224433-B and 224433-C. (Unpublished study received Nov 4, 1975 under 1109-13; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlant a, Ga.; CDL:224433-A)

MRID: 56624 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Acute Oral Toxicity : WARF No. 3092966. (Unpublished study received Nov 4, 1975 under 1109-13; submitted by Cities Service Co ., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL: 224433-B)

MRID: 73704 Williamson, H.O. (1976) Tomato and Vegetable Dust: Albino Ra t. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pharmacology Laboratory, unpublished study; CDL:228834-A)

MRID: 73705 Williamson, H.O. (1976) Tomato and Vegetable Dust: Albino Ra t. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pharmacology Laboratory, unpublished study; CDL:228834-B)

## 48 of 106 MRID: 126194 Phillips, A.; Spalding, T. (1982) ?Toxicity Study: Lacco C opper Oxy Chloride Sulfate 50% Sprayable Fungicide: NVP No. X2J016. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1983 under 962-342; prepared by Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Los Angeles Chemical Co., South Gate, CA; CDL:249611-A)

MRID: 133083 WARF Institute, Inc. (1973) Report: WA RF No. 3092966. (Unpublished study received Jan 17, 1974 under 1109-13; submitted by Tennessee Chemical Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:223696-A)

MRID: 142982 Pinkerton, M. (1981) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Flowable Tri- Basic Copper: GSRI Project No. 413-979-45-02. Unpublished study prepared by Gulf South Research Institute. 36 p.

MRID: 42402602 Kuhn, J. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: FCA 101: Lab Project Number : 8960-92. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 20 p.

MRID: 42810001 Kuhn, J. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: Copper/Sulfur Flowable: La b Project Number: 9889-93. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 22 p.

MRID: 45106401 Kuhn, J. (2000) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: CSC Copper Sulfur Dust: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5466-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 45252604 Griffon, B. (2000) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats: Techni cal Bordeaux Mixture: Lab Proj ect Number: 19424 TAR. Unpublished study prepared by Centre Internationa l de Toxicologie. 38 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 45653102 Moore, G. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats--Limit Test: B onide Garden Dust: Lab Project Number: 11654: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 9882 McClure, T.T.; Cation, D. (1951) Comparison of Actidione with so me other spray chemicals for control of cherry leaf spot in Michigan. Plant Disease Reporter 35(9):393-395. (Also~In~ unpublished submission received Feb 9, 1956 under 1023-9; submitted by Tuco Products Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.; CDL:005449-B)

MRID: 9943 Smith, D.H.; Crosby, F.D. (1968 ) Peanuts: Leafspot:~Cercospor a~ ?~arachidicola?~. (Unpublishe d study received Feb 26, 1969 under 3238-42; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, Georgia Station in cooperation with ESSA-Weathe r Bureau, Georgia Station, submitted by Agrico Chemical Co., Tulsa, Okla.; CDL:220181-A)

MRID: 11573 Moore, J.D.; Keitt, G.W. (1952) Report on Experimental Spraying for Cherry Leaf Spot Control in 1952. (Unpublished study received Oct 15, 1953 under 1023-9; submitted by Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.; CDL:005440-G)

MRID: 22056 Smith, D.H. (1969) 1969 Peanut Leafspot Fungicide Test--Plains, Georgia. (Unpublis hed study including letter dated Oct 24, 1969 from D.H. Smith to Sidney Fox, received Dec 9, 1969 under 400- EX-37; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Georgia Station, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123444-H)

MRID: 30230 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Incorporated (1970) Leaf Spot Test 1- -1970 (Miscellaneous Chemical s Test). (Unpublished study received May 6, 1971 under 1965-66; CDL:025216-A)

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46242004 Cerven, D. (2003) Acute Oral Toxicity/ LD50 in Rats: C opper 40 Technical. Project Number: MB/03/10926/01, 1000/01. Unpublished study prepared by MB Research Laboratories. 16 p.

## 49 of 106 MRID: 46248403 Merkel, D. (2003) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: WE CO 15-25. Project Number: 14383, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p.

MRID: 46386201 Brooks, M. (2004) Determination of Acute Or al, Dermal and Inhalation Toxicity as Well as Skin Irritation Potential and Dermal Sensitization of Copper Sulfur Dust Formulation. Project Number: AGROSPEC005. Unpublished study prepared by Salimax, University of Chile. 19 p.

MRID: 46899103 Kuhn, J. (2006) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y (UDP) in Rats: Bonide Vegetable-Floral Dust or Spray: Final Report. Project Number: 9715/06. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 47002204 Lowe, C. (2006) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedur e in Rats: Basic Copper 50%. Project Number: 19840, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47516503 Kuhn, J. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Study (UDP) in Rats: BCS-Copper Fungicide . Project Number: 11726/08. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 13 p.

MRID: 47598001 Kuhn, J. (2008) Top Cop with Sulfur: Acute Oral Toxicity Study (UDP) in Rats: Final Re port. Project Number: 12211/08. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p.

MRID: 47613603 Ullmann, L. (1985) Cuproxat Flowable -Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Study in Rats. Project Number: 058724, 057284. Unpublished study prepared by Research & Consulting Co. Ltd. 44 p.

MRID: 47632704 Sanders, A. (2002) Tribasic Copper Sulphate: Acute Oral Toxi city in the Rat- Acute Toxic Class Method. Project Number: 1632/001, 1632/001/JS. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories, Ltd. 26 p.

MRID: 47809301 Oley, S. (2009) Bonide Garden Dust: Acut e Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats. Project Number: 27600, P320/UDP, 090526/4H. Unpublished study prepared by Euro fins/Product Safety Laboratories. 14 p.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate (024401) Guideline: 71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 67455 Bodden, R. (1978) Report: WARF Institute No. 7020979. (Unpublis hed study received Jun 12, 1978 under 1109-7; prepared by WARF Institute, Inc., submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:230839-B)

MRID: 67456 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1977) Report: WARF Institu te No. 7020979. (Unpublished study received Jul 11, 1977 under 1109-7; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL: 230839-C)

MRID: 103982 Uni-Research (1974) Fish and Bird Toxi city Evaluation: Laboratory No. 5475. (Unpub lished study received Mar 20, 1975 under 5719EX-28; submitted by Chacon Chemical Corp., Commerce, CA; CDL: 110621-C)

Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 47063 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Copper Corporation: 8- Day Dietary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-547 in Mallard Ducklings: IBT No. 651-03598. (Unpublished st udy received Oct 15, 1980 under 8901-24; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chem ical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:243508-C)

MRID: 47064 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Copper Corporation: 8- Day Dietary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-547 in Bobwhite Quail: IBT No. 651-03599. (Unpublished study received Oct 15, 1980 under 8901-24; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chem ical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL: 243508-D)

## 50 of 106 MRID: 49215 Fink, R.; Baltezore, M. (1973) Final Re port: Eight-Day Dietary LCI50^--Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 120-103. (Unpublished study received Mar 12, 1975 under 5719-58; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Chac on Chemical Corp., Commerce, Calif.; CDL: 229963-B)

MRID: 67454 Piccirillo, V.J. (1977) Final Report: Subacu te Dietary LCI50^ Study in Mallard Ducks: Project No. 811-106. (Unpublished study received Jul 11, 1977 under 1109-7; prepared by Hazleton Laboratorie s America, Inc., submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:230839-A)

MRID: 72955 Fink, R.; Baltezore, M. (1973) Final Re port: Eight-Day Dietary LCI50^--Mallard Ducks: Project No. 120-104. (Unpublished study received Mar 12, 1975 under 5719-58; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Chac on Chemical Corp., Commerce, Calif.; CDL: 229963-A)

MRID: 99405 WARF Institute, Inc. (1973) Report: WA RF No. 3042156. (Unpublished study received Jan 30, 1974 under 7364-26; submitted by Great Lakes Biochemical Co., In c., Milwaukee, WI; CDL: 133125-C)

MRID: 106616 WARF Institute, Inc. (1973) Report: WARF Institute No. 3042156. (Unpublished study received Jan 30, 1974 under 7364-26; submitted by Great Lakes Biochemical Co ., Inc., Milwaukee, WI; CDL:132457-A)

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 65637 Pickering, Q.H.; Henderson, C. (1966) The ac ute toxicity of some heavy metals to different specie s of warmwater fishes. Air Wat. Pollut. Int. J. 10:453-463. (Also~In~unpublished submissi on received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-K)

MRID: 65646 Lewis, M. (1978) Acute toxicity of coppe r, zinc and manganese in single and mixe d salt solutions to juvenile longfin dace,~Age~??~sia chrysogester~. Journal of Fish Biology 13:695-700. (Also~In~unpublished s ubmission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-T)

MRID: 67883 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1972) Acute Toxicity (LC 50) Fish Study: (Copper Solutions). (U npublished study received Nov 3, 1980 under 8901-25; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp. Houston, TX; CDL:244109-A)

MRID: 79874 Kennecott Copper Corporation (1972) Toxicity of Copper to Fish in Laboratory Tests. (U npublished study received on unknown date under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127623-G)

MRID: 85213 Inglis, A.; Davis, E.L. (1972) Effects of Water Hardness on the To xicity of Several Organic and In organic Herbicides to Fish. B y U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory. Washington, D.C.: USFWS. (Technical papers of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 67; published study; CDL: 232666-L)

MRID: 88317 Lee, T. (1972) Report: WARF Nos. 2040242 through 2040244, SR 72.004 Addendum. (Unpublished study received Jun 15, 1972 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by WA RF Institute, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127620-A)

MRID: 88318 Kennecott Copper Corporation (1972) Toxicity of Various Forms of Copper to Largemouth Bass in Still Water Laboratory Tests: SR72.004 Addendum. (Unpublished study received Jun 15, 1972 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127620-B)

MRID: 92338 Hercules, Incorporated (1956) Fish Toxicity of Six Chem ical Compounds. (Unpublished study received Jul 7, 1970 under 891- 148; CDL:129350-A)

## 51 of 106 MRID: 99165 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (19??) ?Toxicity of Various Herb icides to Fish. (Unpublishe d study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL:005661-C)

MRID: 99168 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish toxicity: ?Cut rine. (Unpublished study received Sep 16 , 1970 under 8959-1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Bi ochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:005661-F)

MRID: 99322 Stoner, G.A. (1972) Summary: ?Data on the Aqueous Formula tion Kolox: SR-72.004. (Unpublished study received Apr 7, 1972 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Ch emical Corp., Houst on, Tex.; CDL:127622-A)

MRID: 99341 Hamlin, J. (1971) Report to 3M Company: Four-day Static Fish Toxicity Studies with T-367, T-368 and T-369 in Rainbow Trout, Bluegills and Channel Catfish: IBT No. A714. (Unpublishe d study received Mar 8, 1972 under 10556-EX-2; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitt ed by 3M Co., St. Paul, Minn.; CDL:127738-F)

MRID: 99359 McCann, J.A. (1972) ?Tru Permanent Algaec ide: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Te st No. 490. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:128503-A)

MRID: 99368 Pitcher, F. (1974) ?Sea Guard Pool Wate r Winterizer: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdn eri): Test No. 682. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regul ation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:129221-A)

MRID: 99369 McCann, J.A. (1972) ?Acme Bordeaux: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Test No. 475 . (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:129664-A)

MRID: 99372 McCann, J.A. (1971) ?Acme Bordeaux Mixtur e: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Te st No. 362. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:129666-A)

MRID: 99374 McCann, J.A. (1971) ?Humco Copper Sulfate: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Test No. 366. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:130336-A)

MRID: 99389 Pitcher, F.; McCann, J. (1974) ?Traco Brand Brand ?sic Coppe r Zinc 25-25: R. Trout (S. ga irdneri): Test No. 766. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigations Branch, T echnical Services Di v., unpublished study; CDL: 131098-A)

MRID: 99390 Pitcher, F.; McCann, J. (1974) ?Copper Zinc Sulphate: BG (Lepomis macrochirus): Test No. 771. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigations Branch, T echnical Services Div.; unpublished study; CDL:131099-A)

MRID: 99395 Pitcher, F. (1974) ?CUZN Dust No. 20: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gair dneri): Test No. 720. (U.S . Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Di v., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:131580-A)

MRID: 99402 Fitzgerald, G. (1963) Factors affecting the toxicity of copper to algae and fish. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50:21-23. (Also In unpublish ed submission received Jan 30, 1974 under 7364-26; submitted by Great Lakes Biochemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, WI; CDL:132457-C)

MRID: 99412 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (19??) Fish Toxicity: ?Cutrine. (Unpublished study r eceived Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL: 220149-B)

## 52 of 106 MRID: 99480 Sellers, C.; Heath, A.; Bass, M. (1975) The effect of sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc on ventilatory activity, bloo d oxygen and pH in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Water Re search 9:401-408. (Also In unpublishe d submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div. , SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225816-A)

MRID: 99498 Calamari, D.; Marchetti, R. (1973) The toxic ity of mixtures of metals and surfactants to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Water Research 7:1453-1464. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Chemicals, New We stminster, BC; CDL:228176-C)

MRID: 99668 Lin, C.; Nemo, A.; Vedder, D. (1970) Copper Residue in Rainbow Trout. (Unpublis hed study received Jul 21, 1972 under 2F1227; submitted by Applied Biochemi sts, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL: 091057-S)

MRID: 102626 Inglis, A.; Davis, E. (1968) The Effect of Water Hardness on the Toxicity to Fish of Several Or ganic and Inorganic Herbicides. (Unpublished paper presented at the 8th meeting of the Weed So ciety of America, Feb 5-8, 1968, New Orleans, LA; unpublished study received Jul 18, 1972 under 2E1221; submitted by U. S. Dept. of the Army, Washington, DC; CDL:091051-R)

MRID: 103982 Uni-Research (1974) Fish and Bird Toxi city Evaluation: Laboratory No. 5475. (Unpub lished study received Mar 20, 1975 under 5719EX-28; submitted by Chacon Chemical Corp., Commerce, CA; CDL: 110621-C)

MRID: 107813 Hercules, Inc. (1956) Fish Toxicity of Six Chemical Compounds. (Unpub lished study received Jul 7, 1970 under 891-149; CDL: 106037-B)

MRID: 115756 Inglis, A.; Davis, E. (1972) Effects of Wa ter Hardness on the Toxicity of Several Organic and Inorgani c Herbicides to Fish. By U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory. Washington, DC: USFWS. (Technical papers of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 67; published study; CDL: 248614-P)

MRID: 133858 WARF Institute, Inc. (1972) Report: WARF Nos. 2040242, 2040243 and 2040244. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-A)

MRID: 157308 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (19??) Acute Toxi city of Cutrine-Plus & Copper Sulfate to the Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) in Various Wa ter Hardnesses: TSR 134-1175. Unpublished study. 8 p.

MRID: 5003523 Maloney, T.E.; Palmer, C.M. (1956) Toxicity of six chemical compounds to thirty cult ures of algae. Water and Sewage Works

103:509-513.

MRID: 45088217 Singh, S.; Yadav, N. (1978) T oxicity of Some Herbicides to Major Carp Fingerlings. Indian J. Ecol. 5(2):141-147.

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 65642 Portmann, J.E. (1968) Progress report on a programme of insecticide analysis and t oxicity-testing in relation to the marine environment. Helgolaender Wiss enschaftliche Meeresuntersuch ungen 17: 247-256. (Also~In~ unpublished submission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-P)

MRID: 99500 Holm-Jensen, I. (19??) ?Source unknown. ?S .1.: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri. (Nr. 11; also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Meta fina Chemicals, New Westminster, BC; CDL:228176-F)

MRID: 99558 LeBlanc, G.; Surprenant, D. (1978) Acute Toxicity of Copper Sulfate Granular Crys tals to the Water Flea (Daphnia magna): Report No. BW-78-7-211. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1978 under 1109-20; prepared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:234664-A)

## 53 of 106 MRID: 114493 Walker, C. (1971) The toxicological effects of herbicides and we ed control on fish and other or ganisms in the aquatic ecosystem

. By U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Div. of Fishery Research, Branch of Pest Cont rol Research. Pages 119-126, In Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Coun. 3rd Int. Symp. Aquatic Weeds; 1971. S.l.: s.n.. (Also In unpublis hed submission received Jul 9, 1975 under 1F1105; submitted by Pennwalt Corp ., Tacoma, WA; CDL: 094702-I)

Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 65640 Birdsong, C.L.; Avault, J.W., Jr. (1971) Toxi city of certain chemicals to juvenile pompano. Progressive-Fish Culturist 33:76-80

. (Available from: Superintendent of Docu ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; published study; CDL: 243555-N)

MRID: 65647 Martin, M.; Stephenson, M.D.; Mar tin, J.H. (1977) Copper toxicity experiments in relation to ab alone deaths observed in a power plant's cooling waters. California Fish a nd Game 63:95-100. (California, Dept. of Fish and Game; published study; CDL: 243555-U)

MRID: 75152 Marshall, B.L. (1975) Final Report: Acute Bioassay on Oyster La rvae (~Crassostrea virginica~). (Unpublished study received Jul 10, 1975 under 1109-19; prepared by Marine Research Institute , submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:165022-A)

MRID: 82150 Birdsong, C.L.; Avault, J.W., Jr. (1971) T oxicity of certain chemical s to juvenile pompano. Progressive Fish-Culturist 33(2):7680. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service generated; published study; CDL:095383-R)

MRID: 85289 Marshall, B.L. (1975) Final Report: Acute Bioassay on Shrimp (?~Palaemonetes vulgar is~?). (Unpublished study received Mar 6, 1975 under 1109-19; prepared by Marine Research Institute, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:110616-A)

MRID: 85290 Marshall, B.L. (1975) Final Report: Acute Bioassay on Bluecrab (?~Callinectes sapi dus~?). (Unpublished study received Mar 6, 1975 under 1109-19; prepared by Marine Research Institute, subm itted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:110616-B)

MRID: 85291 Marshall, B.L. (1975) Final Report: Acute Bioassay on Oyster Larvae (?~Crassostrea virginica~ ?). (Unpublished study received Mar 6, 1975 under 1109-19; prepared by Marine Research Institut e, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL: 110616- C)

MRID: 99394 Marshall, B.; Gohlke, A. (1974) Final Report: 158-hour TLM -Oyster Shell Deposition Study, 96-hour TLM-Shrimp, 96-hour TLM-Crab. (Unpublished study received A ug 1, 1974 under 1109-113; prepared by Marine Research Institute, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:131523-A)

MRID: 99437 Marshall, B. (1975) Final Report: Acute Bioassay on Oyster Larvae (Crassostrea virginica) : ?Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate. (Unpublished study received Jul 10, 1975 under 1109-19; prepared by Marine Research Institute, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:223879-A)

MRID: 99502 Connor, P. (1972) Acute Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Some Ma rine Larvae. Basingstoke, Eng.: S.R. Verstage & Sons Ltd. (Marine pollution bulletin, pages 190,191,192 only; also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Chemi cals, New Westminster, BC; CDL:228176-H)

MRID: 99559 Heitmuller, T. (1978) Toxicity of Cities Service Company's C opper Sulfate (pentahydrate) to Pink Shrimp (Penaeus duorarum): Report No. BP-78-8-109. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 19 78 under 1109-20; prepared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:234664-B)

MRID: 99560 Heitmuller, T. (1978) Toxicity of Copper Sulfate (pentahydrate) to Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus): Report No. BP-78-8-110. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1978 under 1109-20; prepared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitte d by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:234664-C)

## 54 of 106 MRID: 99561 Hollister, T. (1978) Toxicity of Copper Sulfate (pentahydrate) to Embryos of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica): Report No

. BP-78-8-108. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1978 under 1109-20; prepared by EG & G, Bio nomics, submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlant a, GA; CDL:234664-D)

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 28002 Wellborn, T.L.; Jr. (1969) The toxicity of nine therapeutic a nd herbicidal compounds to stripe d bass. Progessive Fish-Culturist 31(? ):27-32. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Aug 20 , 1976 under 39445-1; submitted by American Carbonyl, Inc., Tenafly, N.J.; CDL:228232-C)

MRID: 28442 Inglis, A.; Davis, E.L. (1971) Technical Report on the Effect of Water Hardness on the Toxicity to Fish of Several Organic and Inorganic Herbicides. (Unpublished study received Jul 13, 1971 unde r 1E1046; prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Div. of Fishery Research, Fish-Pesticide Rese arch Laboratory in cooperation with Nati onal Museum, Bird and Mammal Laboratory, submitted by U.S. Dept. of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Washington, D.C.; CDL:091865-G)

MRID: 34907 Inglis, A.; Davis, E.L. (1965) The Effect of Water Hardness on th e Toxicity to Fish of Several Organic and Inorganic Herbicides

. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Re search Laboratory, unpublished study; CDL:091752-A)

MRID: 46269 Swabey, Y.H.; Schenk, C.F. (1963) Report on Algicides and Aquatic Herbicides. (Ontario , Water Resources Commission, Laboratory Division, Biology Bran ch, unpublished study; CDL:107773-B)

MRID: 47460 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Report: WARF No. 2040242, 2040243, 2040244. (Compilation; unpublished study received Mar 30, 1973 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., H ouston, Tex.; CDL:132472-A)

MRID: 49216 Chacon Chemical Corporation (19??) ?Copper-Zinc Residue Data -Fish. (Compilation; unpublishe d study received Mar 12, 1975 under 5719-58; CDL:229963-C)

MRID: 55771 3M Company (1969) Summary of Toxicology Data. (Unpublis hed study received Jun 14, 1971 under 1F1071; CDL:091841-D)

MRID: 55814 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1972) Report: ?Acute Toxicity (LC 50) Fish Study. (Unpublished study received Oct 15, 1980 under 8901-24; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:243508-E)

MRID: 56781 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish Toxicity. (Unpubl ished study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959- 1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Biochemist s, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL: 100318-C)

MRID: 68425 Sprague, J.B. (1964) Lethal concen trations of copper and zinc for young Atlantic salmon. Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada 21(1):17-26. (Published study; CDL:230775-L)

MRID: 99498 Calamari, D.; Marchetti, R. (1973) The toxic ity of mixtures of metals and surfactants to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Water Research 7:1453-1464. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 25, 1976 under 37952-1; submitted by Canadian Metafina Chemicals, New We stminster, BC; CDL:228176-C)

MRID: 107071 Carus Chemical Co., Inc. (1967) ?Efficacy of Carox Algicide . (Compilation; unpublished study received Sep 19, 1967 under unknown admin. no.; CDL:237149-A)

MRID: 158117 Solbe, J.; Cooper, V. (1976) Studies on the toxicity of copper su lphate to stone loach Noemacheilu s barbatulus (L.) in hard wat er. Water Res. 10:523-527.

## 55 of 106 Guideline: 72-7 Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID: 62074 Nelson, J.L.; Bruns, V.F.; Coutant, C.C.; et al. (1969) Behavior and reactions of Copper sulfate in an irrigation canal. Pestic ides Monitoring Journal 3(3):186-189. (Available from: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, published study; CDL:228175-I)

MRID: 65343 McCann, J.A. (1975) Letter sent to Peter Smith dated Mar 31, 19 75: Results of toxicity and efficacy tests conducted on Had-ASnail (I.D. 117342). (U.S. Environmenta l Protection Agency, Animal Biology La boratory; unpublished study; CDL:227851-A)

MRID: 65344 McCann, J.A. (1975) Letter sent to Pete r Smith dated May 13, 1975: Comments on Mr . Merril Cohen's le tter, April 26, 1975, with reference to the Aquarium, Inc., I.F. & R. docket no. III-63C. (U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency, Chemical and Biological Investigations Branch, Techni cal Services Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:227851-B)

MRID: 99168 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish toxicity: ?Cut rine. (Unpublished study received Sep 16 , 1970 under 8959-1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Bi ochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:005661-F)

MRID: 99263 Toth, S.J.; Riemer, D.N. (1968) Precise chemical control of al gae in ponds. Journal of American Water Works Association 60(3): 367-371. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Nov 17, 197 0 under 1F1093; submitted by Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York, N.Y.; CDL:090853-I)

MRID: 99565 Phelps Dodge Refining Co. (1967) Copper Sulfate in Irrigation Systems. (Compilation; unpublishe d study received Jul 13, 1978 under 1278-8; CDL:234667-A)

MRID: 5001625 Maloney, T.E.; Palmer, C.M. (1956) Toxicity of six chemical compounds to thirty cult ures of algae. Water and Sewage Works 103(11):509-513.

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 32782 Gross, P.; Kaschak, M. (1968) Report on Range-Finding T oxicity Tests on Wolman Sa lts CCA--Sample No. ER 9029. (Unpublished study received Jun 11, 1969 under 61-140; prepared by Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., submitted by Koppers Co., Inc., Pitt sburgh, Pa.; CDL:000138-C)

MRID: 40125 Casterton, P.L.; McCleery, J.M. (1979) Laboratory Test Report: Spring Clear: Laboratory Report No. K-4637. (Unpublished study received Jul 2, 1980 under 44723-1; prepared by Microbi ological and Biochemical Assay Laboratories and Pathology Associates, submitted by Rollings Spring Clear, Inc., Austin, Tex.; CDL: 242917-E)

MRID: 40127 M.B.A. Laboratories (1979) ?Toxicity of Spring Clear to An imals: K-4637. (Unpublished stud y received Jul 2, 1980 under 44723-1; submitted by Rollings Spring Clea r, Inc., Austin, Tex.; CDL: 242917-G)

MRID: 47062 Harris, D.L. (1972) Report: WARF No . 2040242. (Unpublished study including letter dated May 31, 1972 from L. Regal to Graham A. Stoner, received Oct 15, 1980 under 8901-24; prepared by WARF Institute, Inc., s ubmitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:243508-B)

MRID: 55673 Anon. (19??) Quantities of Pesticides Lethal to Fish, Bird s and Mammals. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under unknown admin. no.; submitted by ?; CDL:131514-A)

MRID: 55771 3M Company (1969) Summary of Toxicology Data. (Unpublis hed study received Jun 14, 1971 under 1F1071; CDL:091841-D)

## 56 of 106 MRID: 58128 Williamson, H.; McDuffie, W.E.; Teeters, W.R. (1975) Biological Laboratorie s Report: ?E-Z-Flo Potato-Tomato Dust. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical and Biological Investig ations Branch, Tech nical Services Div. , unpublished study; CDL: 228867-A)

MRID: 58839 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1975) Report: WARF No. 5032161. (Unpublished study received Jun 2, 1976 under 1109-7; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:224731-A)

MRID: 59942 Tulane University, Laboratory of Environm ental Medicine (1971) Acute Toxicity of Salts and of NTA Chelates of Cadmium, Methyl mercury, Zinc, and Copper. (Unpublished study receiv ed Aug 4, 1976 under 5736-59; submitted by DuBois Research Laboratories, Sharonville, Ohio; CDL:243680-A)

MRID: 64469 Pleuss, O.J. (1955) Acute Oral Toxi city in Mice. (Unpublished study received Mar 29, 1965 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Halstan Equip. & Supp. Co ., Union City, Tenn.; CDL:227932-C)

MRID: 99241 Williamson, H.O.; McDuffie, W.E.; Teeters, W.R. (1973) ?Cities Service Copper Sulfate Snow Crystals: Rat: ID. No. 94874. (U.S. Pharmacology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:050287-A)

MRID: 99242 Williamson, H.O.; McDuffie, W.E.; Teet ers, W.R. (1972) ?Copper Sulfate Snow Crystals: Rat: ID. No. 100243. (U.S. Pharmacology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:050228-A)

MRID: 99307 Koppers Company, Incorporated (1968) Summary and Conclusi ons: ?Wolman Salts CCA Test s. Summary of study 105453-A. (Unpublished study received Mar 22, 1968 under 61-127; CDL:105451-A)

MRID: 99308 Gross, P.; Kaschak, M.; Detreville, R. T.P. (1968) Report on Rangefinding Toxici ty Tests on Wolman Salts CCA--Sample No. ER 9029. (Unpublished study received Jun 11, 1969 under 61-140; prepared by Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., submitted by Koppers Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; CDL:105453-A)

MRID: 99337 Kretchmar, B. (1972) Report to 3M Company: Acute Oral Toxicity Study with T-367 in Albino Rats: IBT No. A718. (Unpublished study received Mar 8, 1972 under 10556-EX-2; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by 3M Co., St. Paul, Minn.; CDL:127738-B)

MRID: 99504 Williamson, H.; McDuffie, W.; Teeters, W. (1975) ?E-z-flo Potato tomato Dust: Albino Rats, Wist ar Str.. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigations Branch, Tech nical Services Div.; unpublished study; CDL:228867-A)

MRID: 107894 Kresse, H. (1981) Rat Oral--LD50: (Spring Clear Swimming Pool Algaecide): Laboratory Report No. K-8828. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 44723-1; prepared by Microbi ological and Biochemical Assa y Laboratories, submitted by Rollings Spring Clear, Inc., Austin, TX; CDL:245642-B)

MRID: 126652 Conine, D.; Weiner, A.; Kreuzmann, J.; et al . (1983) Acute Oral Median Lethal Dosage Study and Toxicity Screen in Rats; Acute Dermal Toxicity Screen in Rabbits; Prim ary Skin Irritation Study in Rabbits; Primary Eye Irritation Study in Rabbits of KT19827 Experimental Fungicide: Hill Top Research Project No . 82-1408 21. (Unpublished study received Mar 21, 1983 under 49538-1; prepared by Hill Top Research, Inc., submitted by Source Technology Biologicals, Inc., Bloomington, IN; CDL:249826-A)

MRID: 149179 Kirsch, P. (1983) Report on the Study of the Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats...Cu-Poly salt--Copac E: 82/168 RAT/ORAL. Unpublished study prepared by BASF AG. 10 p.

## 57 of 106 MRID: 40783402 Hathorn, S. (1988) Zinc-Copper Spray 25%-25%: Acute Oral Toxicity Study (Limit Test) in Rats: Rept. No. MCC-88025. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 19 p.

MRID: 41043001 Glaza, S. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of SCI-62 in Rats: Final Report: Project ID: HLA 81100274. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 39 p.

MRID: 41916101 Glaza, S. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of SCI-62 in Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: HLA 81100274. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 39 p.

MRID: 42170601 Davey, B. (1986) Toxicology of Kleen Pool Algicide: Lab Project Numb er: 954. Unpublished study prep ared by P.C.S. Industrial Toxicologists. 13 p.

MRID: 42510802 Kuhn, J. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: ?Top Crop Flowable: Lab Project Number: 8960-92: FCA 101. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 20 p.

MRID: 43271901 Shapiro, R. (1994) EPA Acute Oral Toxicity: Defined LD 50: (Copper-Z 6/2 Granular): Lab Project Number: T/2695. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 25 p.

MRID: 43396201 Deenihan, M. (1987) Fine 20 Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate--A cute Toxicology Testing: Lab Project Number: X7G040G. Unpublished study prepared by Northview Pacific Labs, Inc. 48 p.

MRID: 43577201 Kuhn, J. (1995) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Pond Block: Final Report: La b Project Number: 1664-94. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p.

MRID: 44117404 Wnorowski, G. (1996) Acute Oral Toxic ity Defined LD50 (in Rats): Algae Out: Lab Project Number: 4327: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 26 p.

MRID: 44573803 Wnorowski, G. (1997) Acute Oral Toxi city Defined LD50 (in Rats): GX-270: La b Project Number: 5438. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 25 p.

MRID: 44577711 Kern, T. (1998) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y of Copper Polyacrylate in Albino Rats : Final Report: Lab Project Number: WIL170127: 95-002. Unpublished study prepared by WI L Research Laboratories, Inc. 74 p.

MRID: 44676204 Douds, D. (1998) An Acute Oral Toxic ity Study in Rats with Tamko 212: Fi nal Report: Lab Project Number: 3468.1. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 25 p.

MRID: 44722201 Kuhn, J. (1998) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: AWT Formula 4: Final Repor t: Lab Project Number: 4551-98. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 21 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 44737101 Wnorowski, G. (1998) Acute Oral Toxic ity Defined LD50 (in Rats): Chlor-Free: Lab Project Number: 6578: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 26 p.

MRID: 45339701 Kuhn, J. (2001) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Triangle Brand Copper Sulfate Cr ystal: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 6142-00. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 19 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

## 58 of 106 Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 35938 Bruns, V.F.; Comes, R.D. ; Kelley, A.D.; et al. (1967) Su mmary Section: 1967 Annual Report: Weed Investigations--Aquatic and Noncrop Areas. (pp. 20-21 only; unpublished study received Ju l 11, 1971 under 1E1046; prepared by Washington State Univ., Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, submitted by U.S. Dept. of the Army, Washington, D.C.; CDL:093359-B)

MRID: 99227 Aarons, T.; Harris, W.D. (1972) Chacon Bermuda Grass Cont rol: Technical Report: Laboratory No. 4244. (Unpublished study received Nov 9, 1973 under 5719-58; prepared by Uni-Research , submitted by Chacon Chemical Corp., Commerce, Calif.; CDL:026136-B)

MRID: 99419 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (1974) Ricetrin e and Copper Sulfate Phytotoxicity to W ild Rice. (Compilation; unpublished study received Jan 8, 1975 under 8959-11; CDL:221100-A)

MRID: 99475 Walsh, L.; Erhardt, W.; Seibel, H. (1972) Copper toxicity in snapbeans (Phaseolus vul garis L.). J. Environ. Quality 1(2):197200

. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225810-E)

MRID: 108652 Seaman, D. (1973) Phytotoxicity Data Field Tests: ?Ricetrine. (Unpublished study received Jan 14, 1974 under 8959-11; prepared by Univ. of California--Davis, Rice Experiment Station, submitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL:220310-A)

MRID: 108653 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (1972) ?Efficac y of Pesticide Ricetrine and Other Product s on Rice Fields. (Compilation; unpublished study received Mar 5, 1973 under 8959-11; CDL:221101-A)

MRID: 116025 Pennwalt (1970) ?Endothal: Residues in Various Crops. (Compilati on; unpublished study received on unknown date under 1F1105; CDL:090872-A)

MRID: 133943 Dixie Wood Preserving Co. (1973) ?Efficacy Study: Lumber Pres ervative Treatments for Gree nhouse Use: CCA and Others. (Compilation; unpublished study received Nov 15, 1977 under 38687-1; CDL:232350-A)

MRID: 5002173 Audia, W.V.; Preston, W.H., Jr. (1965) The effects of severa l algaecides on aquatic plants. Pages 451-455,~In~Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Nort heastern Weed Control Conference. Farmi ngdale, N.Y.: Northeastern Weed Control

Conference.

MRID: 5016168 Olsen, K.L. (1957) "Scum" Control in Rice Fields and Irrigation Canals. Fayetteville, Ark.: Arkansas Agri cultural Experiment Station. (Arkansas Agricultural Expe riment Station repor t series no. 69)

Guideline: 122-2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID: 43363602 Bell, G. (1994) Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate: Algal Growth I nhibition (Anabaena flos-aquae): Lab Project Number: CSF 7(C)/ 941123: CSF 7(C). Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 31 p.

MRID: 43363603 Bell, G. (1994) Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate: Algal Growth Inhi bition (Selenastrum capricornutum): Lab Project Number: CSF 7(B)/941112: CSF 7(B). Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 31 p.

MRID: 43363604 Bell, G. (1994) Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate: Higher Plant (Lemna) Growth Inhibition Test: Lab Project Number: CSF 7(A)/941127: CSF 7(A). Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 30 p.

MRID: 43363605 Bell, G. (1994) Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Algal Growth I nhibition (Skeletonema costatum): Lab Project Number: CSF 7(E)/941129: CSF 7(E). Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 33 p.

## 59 of 106 Guideline: 123-2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID: 43363601 Bell, G. (1994) Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate: Algal Growth Inhibition (Navicula pelliculosa): Lab Project Number: CSF 7(D)/941118: CSF 7(D). Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 32 p.

Guideline: 124-1 Terrestrial field

MRID: 41542909 Tatter, T. (1987) Phytotoxicity Trials of Phyton-27 on Rose s: Lab Project Number: MA P HYTO-ROSES. Unpublished study prepared by Shade Tree Laboratories/University of Massachusetts. 5 p.

Guideline: 141-1 Honey bee acute contact

MRID: 147923 BASF AG (1984) The Results of the Laboratory Investigations of the Toxicity to Bees of BAS 154 07 F: [Copper Sulphate in Ammonium Hydroxide]. Unpublished study. 10 p.

Guideline: 154-6 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 46040911 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Non-Target Organism. Project Number: AMB/2003/AG3/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 8 p.

Guideline: 154-7 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 46040911 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Non-Target Organism. Project Number: AMB/2003/AG3/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 8 p.

Guideline: 154-8 Freshwater Fish Acute Toxicity

MRID: 46040911 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Non-Target Organism. Project Number: AMB/2003/AG3/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 8 p.

Guideline: 154-9 Freshwater Inverterbrate Acute Toxicity

MRID: 46040911 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Non-Target Organism. Project Number: AMB/2003/AG3/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 8 p.

Guideline: 154-10 Nontarget Plant Studies

MRID: 46040911 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Non-Target Organism. Project Number: AMB/2003/AG3/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 8 p.

Guideline: 154-11 Nontarget Insect Te sting Pollinators and Aquatic Insects

MRID: 46040911 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Non-Target Organism. Project Number: AMB/2003/AG3/12. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 8 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46040904 Kelley, J. (2003) AG3-Liquid Toxicology. Project Number: AM B/2003/AG3/05. Unpublished study prepared by Toxcel LLC. 14

p.

MRID: 46040905 Brunt, P. (2003) AG3-Liquid: Acute Oral Toxicity in the Rat Up and Down Pro cedure. Project Number: 466/234. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories, Ltd. 31 p.

MRID: 46538803 Merkel, D. (2005) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: Stal osan F. Project Number: 16447, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 15 p.

MRID: 46928503 Moore, G. (2006) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Pro cedure in Rats: Phyton-016-B. Project Number: P320/UDP, 18395. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 15 p.

## 60 of 106 MRID: 47237101 Durando, J. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure In Rats: PoolRX/S paRX Minerals. Proj ect Number: P320/UDP, 22176, 070511/2H. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 15 p.

MRID: 47358302 Swain, D. (2008) Toxicity Waiver Requ est: Nature G45-VC40. Unpublished study prepared by Scientific & Regulatory Consultants, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 47358304 Swain, D. (2008) Toxicity Waiver Request: Nature A30. Unpublished study prepared by Scientific & Regulatory Consultants, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 47471101 Kukulinski, M. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqua Pure Algaecide Lot # 800203: (Rat): Final Report. Project Number: 08/033/3. Unpublished study prepared by Tox Monitor Laboratories, Inc. 21 p.

MRID: 47508001 Kuhn, J. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy (UDP) in Rats: ClearBlue-104: Final Report. Project Number: 10750/07. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 13 p.

MRID: 47539303 Weber, J. (2008) Tabex Algae Out: Physical/Chemical Properties and Storage Stability and Toxicity. Unpublished study prepared by GLB Pool & Spa. 20 p.

MRID: 47553401 Moore, G. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Pro cedure in Rats: Bayfloc 9100. Project Number: 25436, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 14 p.

MRID: 47669701 Cerven, D. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure (UDP): Q-SmarTe k. Project Number: MB08/17180/01, 1010/01. Unpublished study prepared by MB Research Laboratories. 13 p.

MRID: 47669901 Cerven, D. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity/LD 50 in Rats (Enduraclean Tablets). Project Number: MB02/10326/01, 1000/01. Unpublished study prepared by MB Research Laboratories. 12 p.

MRID: 47677303 Moore, G. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Pr ocedure in Rats: Phyton 27. Project Number: 24654, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins -Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47763201 Kuhn, J. (2008) Eclipse 3: Acute Oral Toxicity Study (UDP) in Rats: Final Re port. Project Number: 11807/08. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 13 p.

MRID: 47809104 Oley, S. (2009) GWN-4620: Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats. Project Number: 27384, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins /Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47829301 Kuhn, J. (2009) Mastercop: Acute Oral Toxicity Study (UDP) in Rats: Amended Final Report. Project Number: 12196/08. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 14 p.

Guideline: 870.4100 Chronic toxicity

MRID: 47292902 Orr, G. (2007) Bridging Statement Concerni ng Applicability of Existing of Acute T oxicity Studies to Copper Lite. Project Number: AGK/003/IT. Unpublished study prepared by Rivendell Consulting USA, LLC. 6 p.

Copper sulfate monohydrate (024402) – Cancelled

Copper sulfate anhydrous (024408) – Cancelled

## 61 of 106 Group II Copper Compounds 0649 Copper chloride (008001) Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 85204 Anderson, P.D.; Weber, L.J. (1973) The quantitative relationship between bod y size and lethal response of a teleost exposed to

environmental toxicants. Proc eedings of the Western Pharmacology Soci ety 16:139-140. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Dec 8, 1977 under 464-431; submitted by Dow Ch emical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:232666-A)

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 33068 Cairns, J., Jr.; Scheier, A. (1968) A comparison of the toxicity of some common industrial wast e components tested individually and combined. Progressive Fish-Culturist ? (?/Jan):3-8. (Also ?~In~unpublished submission received May 2, 1980 under 32240- 2; submitted by Domain Industries, Inc., New Richmond, Wis.; CDL: 099418-H)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 126194 Phillips, A.; Spalding, T. (1982) ?Toxicity Study: Lacco C opper Oxy Chloride Sulfate 50% Sprayable Fungicide: NVP No. X2J016. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1983 under 962-342; prepared by Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Los Angeles Chemical Co., South Gate, CA; CDL:249611-A)

MRID: 147071 James, C. (1985) Acute Oral To xicity (LD50) Study in Rats with Chlorothal onil + Copper + Maneb (WDG) Formulation: Report No: TEK/0018/P1105/0. Unpublished study prepared by Si sa Toxicological Laborat ories, Inc. 83 p.

MRID: 149821 Hamburger, F. (1983) Acute Oral LD50 in the Female Rat: San 506 F 50 WP 01: Report No. I.5619/83. Unpublished study prepared by Sandoz Ltd. 10 p.

MRID: 155931 Rosenfeld, G. (1984) Acute Oral Toxi city Study in Rats: Copper Oxychlorid e Technical: C.S.E. #S8687-4: Study #1144A. Unpublished study prepared by Cosmopolitan Safety Evaluation, Inc. 29 p.

MRID: 156393 Rosenfeld, G. (1984) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats; Test Article: Copper Oxychloride 3# Flowable Concentrate: C.S.E. #S8687-3: Study #1143A. Unpublished study prepared by Cosm opolitan Safety Evaluation (C.S.E.), Inc. 17 p.

MRID: 40199301 Robbins, G. (1987) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: 3# Copper Oxychloride Flowable: Study #A1726. Unpublished study prepared by Cosmopolitan Safety Evaluation, Inc. 30 p.

MRID: 40511002 Deenihan, M. (1987) Group II Copper Compounds Data Call -in Copper Oxychloride 98% Technical: NVP Report No. XFG039G. Unpublished compilation prepared by No rthview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 43 p.

MRID: 41734101 Kuhn, J. (1990) Acute Oral Toxicity Study In Rats: OG-0116 Copper Oxychloride Technical: Lab Number: 7345-90. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 24 p.

MRID: 43494201 Wnorowski, G. (1994) Acute Oral Toxic ity Defined LD50 (in Rats): Nu-Cop 40DF: Lab Project Number: 3202: P320: E40823-2. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 29 p.

MRID: 43769501 Luperi, L. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats: Test Substance: Copper Oxychloride Technical (Basic Copp er Chloride): Lab Project Number: 128001-ST-01487. Unpublished study pr epared by Life Science Research. 71 p.

MRID: 43809202 Wnorowski, G. (1995) Acute Oral Toxic ity Defined LD50 (in Rats): Terranil & Copper: Lab Project Number: 3815: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 27 p.

## 62 of 106 MRID: 44044204 Shults, S.; Brock, A.; Laveglia, J. (1995) Acute Oral Toxici ty (LD50) Study in Rats with Dacobre (ASC-67213-0101-0101): Lab Project Number: 6275-94-0208-TX-002: 94-0208: 6275-94-0208-TX-001. U npublished study prepared by Ricerca, Inc. 88 p.

MRID: 44976501 Wnorowski, G. (1994) Acute Oral Toxic ity Defined LD(50): Limonene F300: (in Rats): Lab Project Number: 3316: P320: E40926-1. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 26 p.

MRID: 45106401 Kuhn, J. (2000) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: CSC Copper Sulfur Dust: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5466-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 46280602 Douds, D. (1996) An Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Root Trim: Final Report. Project Number: 3410/1. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 43 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 22056 Smith, D.H. (1969) 1969 Peanut Leafspot Fungicide Test--Plains, Georgia. (Unpublis hed study including letter dated Oct 24, 1969 from D.H. Smith to Sidney Fox, received Dec 9, 1969 under 400- EX-37; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Georgia Station, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123444-H)

Guideline: 850.1010 Aquatic invertebrate acute toxicity, test, freshwater daphnids

MRID: 46056501 Drottar, K.; Kendall, T. ; Van Hoven, R.; et. al. (2000) RH-7281/Copper Oxyc hloride WP Blue (46%, 6:40): A 48-Hour StaticRenewal Acute Toxic ity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna): Fi nal Report. Project Number: 129A/169, 99RC/0253, C/2. Unpublished study prepared by Wild life International, Ltd. 87 p.

Guideline: 850.5400 Algal toxicity, Tiers 1 and II

MRID: 46056502 Drottar, K.; Kendall, T. ; Van Hoven, R.; et. al. (2000) RH-7281/Copper Oxychl oride WP Blue (46%, 6:40): A 96-Hour Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Alga (Selen astrum capricornutum): Final Report. Project Number: 99RC/0254, 129A/171, C/3. Unpublished study prepared by Wild life International, Ltd. 102 p.

Guideline: 870.1000 Acute toxicity testing--background

MRID: 47486601 Freli, V. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity (in Rats)- Acute Toxic Class Method Copper Oxychloride + Copper Hydroxide 14 + 14 WG. Project Number: 2007/68/AMI. Unpublished study prepared by Biolab Spa. 31 p.

MRID: 47486606 Albrecht, A. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity (in Rats)/ Acute T oxic Class Method with Copper Oxyc hloride + Copper Hydroxide 14 + 14 WG. Project Number: 071371. Unpublished study prepared by BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories Gmbh. 48 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46278201 Finlay, C. (2004) Copper Oxychloride/Cymoxanil (DPX KK807) 44W G (9.5/1): Acute Oral Toxici ty in Rodents - Up-and-Down Procedure. Project Number: DUPONT/14136, 14136. Unpublished study prepared by Dupont Haskell Laboratory. 31 p.

MRID: 46386201 Brooks, M. (2004) Determination of Acute Or al, Dermal and Inhalation Toxicity as Well as Skin Irritation Potential and Dermal Sensitization of Copper Sulfur Dust Formulation. Project Number: AGROSPEC005. Unpublished study prepared by Salimax, University of Chile. 19 p.

MRID: 46544303 Ott, M. (2004) Copper Oxychloride + Copper Hydroxide 10+10 SC: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Rat (Up and Down Procedure). Project Number: 855880. U npublished study prepared by RCC Umwe ltchemie Ag and RCC Ltd. 28 p.

MRID: 47486606 Albrecht, A. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity (in Rats)/ Acute T oxic Class Method with Copper Oxyc hloride + Copper Hydroxide 14 + 14 WG. Project Number: 071371. Unpublished study prepared by BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories Gmbh. 48 p.

## 63 of 106 Copper ammonium carbonate (022703) Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 62414 Mineral Research & Development Corporation (19??) Acute Toxici ty of Copper Count-N & Copper Count-S to Three Species of Freshwater Fish. (Unpublished study, incl uding letters dated May 18, 1972 and Sep 1, 1972 from W.W. Johnson to J.T. Rose, received May 22, 1972 under 10465-2; CDL:129653-A)

MRID: 99355 McCann, J. (1973) ?Copper-Count-N: Rai nbow Trout: Test No. 564. (U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laborat ory; unpublished study; CDL: 128375-A)

MRID: 99400 Johnson, W. (1972) Letter sent to J.T. Rose dated May 18, 1972 ?Toxicity of Coppe r-Count-S and Copper Count-N. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-P esticide Research Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:132160-A)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 42123301 Kiplinger, G. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Albino Rats with CSI Cops ol: Amendment to the Fi nal Report: Lab Project Number: WIL-158006. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs, Inc. 65 p.

MRID: 42668204 Kiplinger, G. (1992) Acute Oral Toxic ity Study in Albino Rats with Sequel 2100: Final Report: Lab Project Number: WIL158014. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs, Inc. 61 p.

MRID: 44651301 Allen, D. (1998) Acute Oral Toxicity Test in the Rat: AC Q 2101: Lab Project Number: 577/036. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories Ltd. 33 p.

MRID: 44651401 Allen, D. (1998) Acute Oral Toxicity Test in the Rat: AC Q 2102: Lab Project Number: 577/037. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories, Inc. 29 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 11477 Wittie, R.L.; Christensen, M.D.; Saario, C.A. (1978) Aerial Applications of Supracide: Western Deciduous Fruit and Nuts--1977 and 1978. (Unpublished study received Dec 27, 1978 under 100-EX -57; submitted by Ciba-Geigy Corp., Greensboro, N.C.; CDL:237354-A)

Basic copper carbonate (022901) Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 41461801 Young, S. (1990) Bioassay Report on the T oxicity of Copper Carbonate (via pear wrappers) to Rainbow Trout: Lab Project Number: 893252. Unpublished study prepared by Columbia Analytical Services. 14 p.

Guideline: 850.1025 Oyster acute t oxicity test (s hell deposition)

MRID: 47320503 Gallagher, S.; Kendall, T.; Krueger, H. (2007) bis-(N-Cyclohe xyldiazeniumdioxy)-Copper: A 96-Hour Shell Deposition Test with the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Project Nu mber: 147A/230, 99F0679/899202. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd. 41 p.

Guideline: 850.1035 Mysid acute toxicity test

MRID: 47320504 Gallagher, S.; Kendall, T.; Krue ger, H. (2007) Bis-(N-Cyclohexyldiazeniumdio xy)-Copper; A 96-Hour Static Acute Toxicity Test with the Saltwater Mysid (Americamysis bahia) . Project Number: 147A/229A, 99F0679/899206. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd. 42 p.

Guideline: 850.1075 Fish acute toxi city test, fresh water and marine

MRID: 47069401 Fenzl, C. (2003) Wolmanit CX-LP 15172: Ac ute Toxicity Study for Zebra fish. Pr oject Number: WOL67. Unpublished study prepared by Austrian Research Center (ARC). 34 p.

## 64 of 106 MRID: 47069404 Hettler, W. (2007) Supplement to Data Eval uation Record Acute Toxicity to Fish, Fres hwater: (Protectol CX Type A). Project Number: WOLFH070102. Unpublished study pr epared by Dr. Wolman GmbH. 19 p.

MRID: 47320502 Thomson, N. (2007) Assessment of the Aqua tic-Phase Toxicity of bis -(N-Cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-Copper to the Marine Fish Cyprinodon variegatus. Project Number: 99F0679/899201, 896/26, 07/007. Unpublished stud y prepared by Opus Plus Limited. 21 p.

MRID: 47537801 Hettller, W. (2008) Supplement to Environmental Toxicity Studies MRID No.'s 47320502, 47355201, 47210203 of Protectol CX Type A. Project Number: WOL/ETCXA/080831. Unpublishe d study prepared by DR. Wolman GmbH. 8 p.

Guideline: 850.4225 Seedli ng emergence, Tier II

MRID: 46325401 Jatzek (2003) Protectol CX Type A - De termination of the Effect on the Emerge nce, Growth and the Observation of Morphological Changes of Rice (Oryza sa tiva L.). Project Number: 03/0050/65/1. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 42 p.

MRID: 47069405 Schwartz, R. (2007) Supplement to The Rice Seedling Emergence Study for Protec tol CX Type A (CU-HDO). Project Number: WOL ET070105. Unpublished study prepar ed by Dr. Wolman GmbH. 4 p.

Guideline: 850.4250 Vegetative vigor, Tier II

MRID: 46325401 Jatzek (2003) Protectol CX Type A - De termination of the Effect on the Emerge nce, Growth and the Observation of Morphological Changes of Rice (Oryza sa tiva L.). Project Number: 03/0050/65/1. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 42 p.

MRID: 47069405 Schwartz, R. (2007) Supplement to The Rice Seedling Emergence Study for Protec tol CX Type A (CU-HDO). Project Number: WOL ET070105. Unpublished study prepar ed by Dr. Wolman GmbH. 4 p.

Guideline: 850.4400 Aquatic plant toxicity test using Lemna spp. Tiers I and II

MRID: 46522304 Jovanovich, A.; Obenshain, K.; Kr oger, K.; et. al. (2005) Specific Responses to #2 Deficiency Review Notes for Impralit KDS: Non-Target Plants. Project Number: 2003/0363. Unpublishe d study prepared by Keller and Heckman LLP. 20 p.

Guideline: 850.5400 Algal toxicity, Tiers 1 and II

MRID: 47210203 Hudson, B. (2007) Assessment of the Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II (96H EC50) of Wolmanit CX-LP 15172 to the Marine Alga Skeletonema costatum, the Freshwater Algae Selenastrum capricornutum and Anabaena flos aquae. Project Number: 893/27, 06/083, 0101. Unpublished study prepared by Opus Plus Limited. 67 p.

MRID: 47355201 Cafarella, M. (2007) Wolmanit CX-LP 15172: Alga, Growth Inhibitio n Test with Navicula pelliculosa: Final Report. Project Number: 1111/000440, 20071476/01/UW, 1111/000/440. Unpublished stud y prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories (Europe). 90 p.

MRID: 47537801 Hettller, W. (2008) Supplement to Environmental Toxicity Studies MRID No.'s 47320502, 47355201, 47210203 of Protectol CX Type A. Project Number: WOL/ETCXA/080831. Unpublishe d study prepared by DR. Wolman GmbH. 8 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46688501 Durando, J. (2004) Acute Oral Toxici ty Up and Down Procedure in Rats: Comptec. Project Nu mber: 16209, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47749801 Durando, J. (2009) NW 200-C: Acute Oral Toxicity Up an d Down Procedure in Rats. Project Number: 26959, P320/UDP, 090210/2H. Unpublished study prepared by Euro fins-Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

## 65 of 106 Copper hydroxide (023401) Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 49618 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Copper Corporation: 8- Day Dietary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-461 in Mallard Ducklings: IBT No. 651-03467. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1973 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Koci de Chemical Corp., Houston Tex.; CDL:132546-A)

MRID: 99181 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Copper Corporation: 8- Day Dietary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-461 in Mallard Ducklings: IBT No. 651-03467. (Unpublished study received Au g 22, 1973 under 8901-10; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chem ical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:008453-B)

MRID: 106111 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Corporation: 8-Day Diet ary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-461 in Bobwhite Quail: IBT No. 651-03466. (Unpublished study received Aug 22, 1973 under 8901-10; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL: 008453-A)

MRID: 133863 Phillips, B.; Fletcher, D. (1977) Report to ...: 8-Day Diet ary LC50 Study with 77-166 in Mallard Ducklings: IBT No. 8580- 10737. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-F)

MRID: 133864 Phillips, B.; Reinart, D.; Fletcher, D. (1977) Report to ...: 8-Day Dietary LC50 Stud y with 77-166 in Bobwhite Quail: IBT No. 8580- 10736. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Co rp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-G)

Guideline: 71-4 Avian Reproduction

MRID: 40773101 Landis Associates, Inc. (1988) Preliminar y Avian Reproduction Studies with Copper Oxychloride Sulfate and Copper Hydroxide. Unpublished study prepared by Hun tingdon Research Centre Ltd. 7 p.

MRID: 43338001 Redgrave, V. (1994) Copper Oxychloride Sulfate and Copper Hy droxide: Effects on Reproduction in the Bobwhite Quail After Dietary Administration: Lab Project Number: CSF/6: CSF/ 6/942180. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 208 p.

MRID: 43396301 Redgrave, V. (1994) Copper Oxychloride Sulfate and Copper Hy droxide: Effects on Reproduction in the Mallard Duck After Dietary Administration: Lab Project Number: CSF/5: CSF 5/942114. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 177 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 75609 Pitcher, F. (1974) ?Kocide 101 Wettabl e Powder: Rainbow Trout: Test No. 681. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:128501-A)

MRID: 99370 McCann, J.A. (1971) ?Kocide 101 Wettable Powder: Rainbow Tr out (Salmo gairdneri): Test No. 411. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Re gulation Div., Animal Biology Labora tory; unpublished study; CDL:129665-A)

MRID: 99371 McCann, J.A. (1972) ?Kocide 101 WP: Bluegi ll (Lepomis macrochirus): Test No. 451. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:129665-B)

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 84745 Cheah, M.L.; Avault, J.W., Jr.; Graves, J.B. (1978) Some Effects of Thirteen Rice Pe sticides on Crawfish Procambarus clarkii and P. acutus acutus. (Unpublished paper presented at the 4th in ternational symposium of the International Association of Astacology; Aug 28-31, 1978, Thonon les Bain s, France; unpublished study received Oct 8, 1981 under 476-2107; prepared by Louisiana State Univ., Dept. of Entomology and Fisheries Se ction, submitted by Stauffer Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.; CDL:246020-L)

## 66 of 106 Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 133860 Phillips, B.; Rausina, G. (1977) Report to ...: Four-day Static Aquatic Toxicity Study with 77-166 in Grass Shrimp: IBT No. 8560-10735. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Co rp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-C)

MRID: 133861 Phillips, B.; Rausina, G. (1977) Report to ...: Four-day Static Aquatic Toxicity Studies with 77-166 in Shore Crabs: IBT No. 8560-10735. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Co rp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-D)

MRID: 133862 Phillips, B.; Rausina, G. (1977) Report to ...: Four-day Static Aquatic Toxicity Study with 77-166 in Eastern Oysters: IBT No. 8560-10735. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Co rp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-E)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 50578 Harrisson, J.W.E. (1956) Letter sent to Ed ward C. Page, Jr. dated Feb 7, 1956 ?Acute guinea pig toxicity study. (Unpublished study including lab. no. 49222, received Feb 7, 1956 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by La Wall and Harrisson, submitted by ?; CDL:108114-A)

MRID: 51745 Powers, M.B. (1965) Acute Oral Administration--Rats; Acute De rmal Application--Rabbits; Ac ute Eye Application--Rabbits; Acute Inhalation Exposure--Rats. (Unpublishe d study received Mar 19, 1966 under 8901-1; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Co rp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:006321-B)

MRID: 87116 Kocide Chemical Corporation (19??) Kocide 101. (Unpub lished study received May 2, 1968 under unknown admin. no.; CDL:127618-A)

MRID: 88303 Powers, M.B. (1965) Acute Oral Administration--Rats (Copper Hydroxide). Final rept. (Unpub lished study received on unknown date under 8901-EX-1; prepared by Hazleton Laboratories, In c., submitted by Kocide Chemi cal Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127632-B)

MRID: 145518 Sabol, E. (1984) Rat Acute Oral Toxic ity: [Copper Hydroxide]: Project No. 3232-84. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 27 p.

MRID: 152506 Galloway, C. (1985) Rat Acute Oral Toxicity: Cupric Hydr oxide: Project No. 3479-84. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 21 p.

MRID: 156327 Sabol, E.; Lain, D. (1985) Rat Acute Oral Toxicity: Formulation #08234-C: Project No . 3589-85. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 26 p.

MRID: 159371 Deenihan, M. (1985) Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50); Acute Dermal Toxicity; Primary Sk in Irritation; Primary Eye Irritation: NVP Report No. X5J030G. Unpublished study prepared by Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 33 p.

MRID: 40162001 Deenihan, M. (1986) Champion Flowable: Acute Oral LD50: Lab Project ID: X6A056G. Unpublished study prepared by Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 28 p.

MRID: 40162901 Glaza, S. (1987) Manpower: Acute Oral [Toxicity Study in Rats ]. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories of America Inc. 29 p.

## 67 of 106 MRID: 40461002 Siglin, J. (1987) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ole' K in Ra ts: Limit Test (EPA): SLS Stud y No. 3159.10. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Life Sciences, Inc. 25 p.

MRID: 40461003 Siglin, J. (1987) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ole' K in Rats: LD50 Test (EPA): SLS Stud y No. 3159.23. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Life Sciences, Inc. 85 p.

MRID: 40536602 Larson, D. (1987) Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Copper Hydroxide 77DF in Rats : Laboratory Project ID: 307A-101-010-87. Unpublished study prepared by Toxicology Pathology Services, Inc. 46 p.

MRID: 40601802 Sabol, R. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Rats: C opper Hydroxide Technical: Study No. 5224-88. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 27 p.

MRID: 40612001 Michlewica, K. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of K-Cop in Rats: Limit Test (EPA): SLS Study No. 3159.41. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Institute for Biosearch, Inc. 27 p.

MRID: 40612002 Michlewica, K. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of K-Cop in Rats: LD50 Test (EPA): SLS Study No. 3159.48. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Institute for Bioresearch, Inc. 51 p.

MRID: 40680304 Kuhn, J. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Wesley Copper Hydroxide T echnical (LX124-04): Project No. 5367-88. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 18 p.

MRID: 40682001 Larson, D. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Copper Hydroxide 3L in Ra ts: Project ID: 317A-101-010-87. Unpublished study prepared by Toxicology Pathology Services. 41 p.

MRID: 41057202 Galloway, C. (1987) Rat Acute Oral Toxicity: Copper Hydroxi de 77% WP: Proj. ID 4963-87. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow Inc. 28 p.

MRID: 41264901 Siglin, J. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy of Kocide GX-241 DF (9) in Rats Limit Test and LD500 Study (EPA/OECD): SLS Study No. 3159.51. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Life Sciences Inc. 61 p.

MRID: 41421602 Rush, R. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with GX-240 LF (I): Lab Project Number: 3159.81. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Life Sciences, Inc. 75 p.

MRID: 41759301 Rush, R. (1990) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with K-Te a: Lab Project Number: 3236.1. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 59 p.

MRID: 41778101 Kuhn, J. (1991) Champ Flowable: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Lab Project Number: 7642-90. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 26 p.

MRID: 41838602 James, C. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats Using Test Article GX 259 FL12: Lab Project Number: 66244-02. Unpublished study prepared by Art hur D. Little, Inc. 44 p.

MRID: 41946101 Rush, R. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Kocide 404S: Lab Project Number: 3159.78. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Life Sciences, Inc. 74 p.

## 68 of 106 MRID: 42235201 James, C. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats Using Test Article Copper Hy droxide Technical: Lab Project Number: 67666-02H. Unpublished study prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. 43 p.

MRID: 42235301 James, N. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats Using Test Article GX 274: Lab Project Number: 67666-02. Unpublished study prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. 25 p.

MRID: 42280401 Kuhn, J. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: ?Kozinc WP: Lab Project Number: 8523-91. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow Labs, Inc. 16 p.

MRID: 42368001 Shapiro, R. (1992) Kocide SD, Lot 118-95: EPA Acute Or al Toxicity--Defined LD50: Lab Project Number: T-1321. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 34 p.

MRID: 42871801 Kuhn, J. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Champ Plus: Lab Project Number: 0123-93. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 22 p.

MRID: 43144807 Trimmer, G. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity Test With LD50 Es timation in the Rat With GX306 (MRD-93-533): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 153302. Unpublished study prepared by Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc. 41 p.

MRID: 43235706 Trimmer, G. (1994) Acute Oral Toxicity Test with LD50 Estim ation in the Rat with GX-261Z (MRD-93-631): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 163102. Unpublished study prepared by Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc. 46 p.

MRID: 43490801 Wnorowski, G. (1994) Acute Oral Toxic ity Defined LD50 (in Rats): Blue Shield 40DF: Lab Project Number: 3251: P320: E40823-1. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 26 p.

MRID: 43618904 Kuhn, J. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: LX1190-01: Lab Project Number: 8992/92. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 27 p.

MRID: 43800330 Kuhn, J. (1995) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: C GA-329351/Cu 65WP: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 2028-95. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 27 p.

MRID: 44054304 Wnorowski, G. (1996) Acute Oral Toxic ity Limit Test (in Rats): GX434: Lab Pr oject Number: 4300: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 16 p.

MRID: 44104401 Kuhn, J. (1996) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: Champion DF: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 2592-95: S9-FF81-1. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 21 p.

MRID: 44135802 Kuhn, J. (1996) Borax-Copper Hydroxide Wood Preservative Paste: Ac ute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 2528-95: S9-FF81-1. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmea dow, Inc. 22 p.

MRID: 44221701 Wnorowski, G. (1997) Acute Oral Toxi city Defined LD50 (in Rats): Kocide LF 2X: Lab Project Number: 4895: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 26 p.

MRID: 44573803 Wnorowski, G. (1997) Acute Oral Toxi city Defined LD50 (in Rats): GX-270: La b Project Number: 5438. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 25 p.

## 69 of 106 MRID: 47505005 Deenihan, M. (1988) Copper Hydroxide 90 Percent - Acute Toxicology Testing. Projec t Number: X8COO4G, NVX/101, NVX/102. Unpublished study prepared by Northv iew Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 42 p.

MRID: 47642501 Rush, R. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Kocide 101 in Rats. Project Number: 3159/69. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Life Sciences, Inc. 78 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 8144 Bear, W.H. (1973) Lannate L--Celery. (Unpublished study receiv ed Mar 5, 1974 under 352-342; prepar ed in cooperation with A. Duda & Sons, submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.; CDL:023293-G)

MRID: 9912 Horne, C.W.; Philley, G.L.; Smith, L.R. (1972) Results of 1972 Extension Peanut Disease Contro l Demonstrations Conducted at Mason, Grapeland, Dublin, and Floresv ille, Texas. (Unpublished study received Apr 13, 1973 under 8901-10; prepared by Texas A & M Univ., Agricultural Extension Service, submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:005536-F)

MRID: 9915 Wells, J.C. (1967) Chemical Evaluation--L eafspot Control. (Unpublished study received Jan 22, 1971 under 8901-4; prepared by Univ. of North Carolina, submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:005571-C)

MRID: 9916 Smith, D.H.; Crosby, F.L. (1970) 1970 Peanut Leafspot Fungicide Test. (Unpublished study received Jan 22, 1971 under 8901-4; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, Georgia Station in cooperatio n with U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Georgia Sta tion, submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:005571-D)

MRID: 22056 Smith, D.H. (1969) 1969 Peanut Leafspot Fungicide Test--Plains, Georgia. (Unpublis hed study including letter dated Oct 24, 1969 from D.H. Smith to Sidney Fox, received Dec 9, 1969 under 400- EX-37; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Georgia Station, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123444-H)

MRID: 97239 Freedenthal, C. (1965) Kocide 101 Efficacy & Compositi on Data. (Unpublished study received Apr 19, 1965 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by Kennecott Copper Corp., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127626-A)

MRID: 99475 Walsh, L.; Erhardt, W.; Seibel, H. (1972) Copper toxicity in snapbeans (Phaseolus vul garis L.). J. Environ. Quality 1(2):197- 200. (Also In unpublished submission rece ived Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225810-E)

MRID: 130970 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1974) Application to Register Kocide SD as a Seed Dressing for Us e on Rice and Cotton: Special Report No. 74.021. (Compilation; unpublished stud y received Dec 12, 1974 under 8901-17; CDL:251109-A)

MRID: 136587 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1971) ?Efficacy of Kocide 101. (Compilati on; unpublished study received Mar 17, 1971 under 8901-1; CDL: 005562-A)

MRID: 136588 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1971) Application to Include Glycerin in the Formulation of Kocide 101. (Compilation; unpublished study received Jun 30, 1971 under 8901-1; CDL:005564-A)

MRID: 136589 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1971) Use Revision Application La bel Revision to Cover Kocide 101 Use on Olives, Pears and Philodendron. (Compilation; unpublished study r eceived Nov 29, 1971 under 8901-1; CDL:005565-A)

MRID: 136590 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1972) Application To Modify Paragr aph under General Instructions for Kocide 101 Back Label. (Compilation; unpublished study received Feb 23, 1970 under 8901-1; CDL: 005566-A)

## 70 of 106 MRID: 136591 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1971) USDA Label Re gistration: Kocide 5% Dust Application To Cover Kocide 5% Dust for Use on Peanuts. (Compilation; unpublished study rece ived Jan 22, 1971 under 8901-3; CDL:005570-A)

MRID: 140642 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1970) Use Revision Application: La bel Revision To Cover Kocide 101 Use on Peaches. (Compilation; unpublished study received Apr 14, 1970 under 8901-1; CDL:005555-A)

MRID: 140643 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1969) Use Revision Application: Label Revision To Cover Ko cide 101 Use for Peanut Seed Treatment. (Compilation; unpublished study received May 8, 1969 under 8901-1; CDL:005556-A)

MRID: 140644 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1970) Use Revision Application: Label Revision To Cover Kocide 101 Use on Peanuts as Dust. (Compilation; unpublished study received Jun 17, 1970 under 8901-1; CDL: 005557-A)

MRID: 140645 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1970) Use Revision Application: La bel Revision To Cover Kocide 101 Use on Wheat & Barley for Septoria Leaf Blotch. (Compila tion; unpublished study received J un 19, 1970 under 8901-1; CDL:005558-A)

MRID: 140646 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1970) Use Revision Application: Label Revision To Cover New A pplication Rates and Aerial Application for Kocide 101 on Peanuts. (Compilation; unpublished study receiv ed Jun 30, 1970 under 8901-1; CDL:005559-A)

MRID: 140647 Kocide Chemical Corp. (1970) Use Revision Application: La bel Revision To Cover Kocide 101 Use on Tobacco for Seedbed Control of Wildfire. (Compilation; unpublished st udy received Jul 11, 1970 under 8901-1; CDL:005560-A)

Guideline: 141-1 Honey bee acute contact

MRID: 40764701 Hoxter, K. (1988) Copper Hydroxide: An Acut e Contact Toxicity Study with the Honey Bee: Wildlife International Ltd. Project No. 190- 140. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 14 p.

Guideline: 870.1000 Acute toxicity testing--background

MRID: 47468005 Bien, R. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Test of "URA-08740-F-O-WP" in Rats . Project Number: 10/04/0710/00/92. Unpublished study prepared by Internaitonal Bio Research. 39 p.

MRID: 47486601 Freli, V. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity (in Rats)- Acute Toxic Class Method Copper Oxychloride + Copper Hydroxide 14 + 14 WG. Project Number: 2007/68/AMI. Unpublished study prepared by Biolab Spa. 31 p.

MRID: 47486606 Albrecht, A. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity (in Rats)/ Acute T oxic Class Method with Copper Oxyc hloride + Copper Hydroxide 14 + 14 WG. Project Number: 071371. Unpublished study prepared by BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories Gmbh. 48 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46477303 Merkel, D. (2001) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats - Defined LD50: GX-569014. Project Number: 10761, P320, 010530/5R. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs, Food Pr oducts Laboratory and New Jers ey Laboratories. 26 p.

MRID: 46535502 Ott, M. (2004) Copper Hydroxide 40 WG: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Rat (Up and Down Procedure). Project Number: 855896. Unpublished study prepared by RCC Ltd. 25 p.

MRID: 46544303 Ott, M. (2004) Copper Oxychloride + Copper Hydroxide 10+10 SC: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Rat (Up and Down Procedure). Project Number: 855880. U npublished study prepared by RCC Umwe ltchemie Ag and RCC Ltd. 28 p.

## 71 of 106 MRID: 46798601 Todhunter, J. (2006) Genics CuB - Acute Toxicity Waiver Justif ication: Acute Oral Toxicity, Acute Derm al Toxicity, Acute Inhalation Toxicity, Primary Eye Irritation, Primary Dermal Irritation, Dermal Sensitization. Project Number: N/CUB/WAIVE/ACUTE/01. Unpublished study prep ared by SRS International Corp. 97 p.

MRID: 46980101 Doig, A. (2006) Acute Oral Toxicity Study (UDP) in Rats: Ge nics CuB: Final Report. Proj ect Number: 10062/06. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p.

MRID: 47139707 Klotz, J.; Moss, J. (1995) Oral Toxicity of a Boric Acid- Sucrose Water Ba it to Florida Carpente r Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicide). J. Entomol. Sci. 31(1): 9-12

MRID: 47486606 Albrecht, A. (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity (in Rats)/ Acute T oxic Class Method with Copper Oxyc hloride + Copper Hydroxide 14 + 14 WG. Project Number: 071371. Unpublished study prepared by BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories Gmbh. 48 p.

MRID: 47505005 Deenihan, M. (1988) Copper Hydroxide 90 Percent - Acute Toxicology Testing. Projec t Number: X8COO4G, NVX/101, NVX/102. Unpublished study prepared by Northv iew Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 42 p.

MRID: 47509403 Moore, G. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Proce dure in Rats: DCD Copper Complex. Project Number: P320/UDP, 24898, 080423/5R. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47609503 Durando, J. (2008) NUP-08001: Acute Oral Toxicity Up an d Down Procedure in Rats. Project Number: P320/UDP, 25377. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 19 p.

MRID: 47609603 Durando, J. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: Champ Dry Prill. Project Number: 25372, P320/UDP, 080610/10R. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 19 p.

MRID: 47609903 Durando, J. (2008) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: Cham p Formula 2 Flowable (NUP-06043). Project Number: P320/UDP, 25366, 080610/9R. Unpublished study prep ared by Product Safety Laboratories. 18 p.

Guideline: 870.3700 Prenatal de velopmental toxicity study

MRID: 46377502 Munley, S. (2003) Copper Hydroxide: Developmental Toxi city Study in Rabbits. Project Number: DUPONT/11862, 14341. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. 162 p.

Copper oxychloride (023501) Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 42789404 Shults, S.; Brock, A.; Killeen, J. ( 1991) Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Study in Rats with ASC-64216-0101-0301: Lab Project Number: 91-0025: 3779-91-0025-TX-001. Unpublished stud y prepared by Ricerca, Inc. 37 p.

MRID: 47497810 Deenihan, M. (1988) Copper Oxychloride 50% - Acute Toxicolo gy Testing: (Rat and Rabbi t). Project Number: X8D079G, NVX/104. Unpublished study prepared by Northv iew Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 32 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46248403 Merkel, D. (2003) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: WE CO 15-25. Project Number: 14383, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p.

MRID: 47545504 Kuhn, J. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Zinc Coposil Sulfur 25-30 Du st: Final Report. Project Number: 6607/01. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 10 p.

## 72 of 106 MRID: 47660901 Durando, J. (2009) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: (COC WP). Project Number: 26374, P320/UDP, 081022/17D. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 14 p.

Copper oxychloride sulfate (023503) Guideline: 71-4 Avian Reproduction

MRID: 40773101 Landis Associates, Inc. (1988) Preliminar y Avian Reproduction Studies with Copper Oxychloride Sulfate and Copper Hydroxide. Unpublished study prepared by Hun tingdon Research Centre Ltd. 7 p.

MRID: 41500801 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M.; Anderson, A.; et al. (1990) The Ef fects of Dietary Inclusion of Copper Oxychloride Sulfate on Reproduction in the Mallard Duck: Lab Project Number: CSF 1/ 8910. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 166 p.

MRID: 41500802 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M.; Anderson, A.; et al. (1989) The Ef fects of Dietary Inclusion of Copper Oxychloride Sulfate on Reproduction in the Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: CSF 2/891104. Unpublished st udy prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 237 p.

MRID: 41500803 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M.; Anderson, A.; et al. (1989) The Effect s of Dietary Inclusion of Copper Hydroxide on Reproduct-ion in the Mallard Duck: Lab Project Number: CSF 3/89745. Unpublished st udy prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 182 p.

MRID: 41500804 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M.; Anderson, A.; et al. (1989) The Effect s of Dietary Inclusion of Copper Hydroxide on Reproduction in the Bobwhite Quail: Lab Proj ect Number: CSF 4/89767. Unpublished study prepar ed by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 231

p.

MRID: 43338001 Redgrave, V. (1994) Copper Oxychloride Sulfate and Copper Hy droxide: Effects on Reproduction in the Bobwhite Quail After Dietary Administration: Lab Project Number: CSF/6: CSF/ 6/942180. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 208 p.

MRID: 43396301 Redgrave, V. (1994) Copper Oxychloride Sulfate and Copper Hy droxide: Effects on Reproduction in the Mallard Duck After Dietary Administration: Lab Project Number: CSF/5: CSF 5/942114. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 177 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 99373 McCann, J.A. (1971) ?Niagara C-O-C-S Copper Compound Fungicid e: Bluegill (Lepom is macrochirus): Test No. 360. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div. , Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:130334-A)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 133277 Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. ( 1983) Acute Oral Toxicity Test/LD50: ?L acco Copper Oxy Chloride Sulfate--50% Sprayable Fungicide: NVP No. X2J016-1. (Unpublished study received Nov 8, 1983 under 962-342; submitted by Los Angeles Chemical Co., South Gate, CA; CDL:251795-A)

MRID: 41119602 Uliana, P. (1989) Acute Toxicology Testing: Oxycop Dust No. 3 (Copper Oxychloride): Project ID: NVP Report No. X8L202G. Unpublished study prepared by Northview Pacific Laboratories, Inc. 30 p.

MRID: 42464601 Kuhn, J. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Britz C opper Sulfur Dust 15-25: Lab Project Number: 9016-92. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 42769305 Bonnette, K. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Clean Crop C-O-C-S Copodust: Lab Project Number: 3225.45: 92- 09A. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 26 p.

## 73 of 106 MRID: 42769405 Douds, D. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Clean Crop C-O-C-S WDG: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 3225.51: 92-15A. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 86 p.

MRID: 42769505 Bonnette, K. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Clean Crop C-O-C-S Zinc 24-24: Lab Project Number: 3225.39: 92- 03A. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs. Inc. 25 p.

MRID: 47566102 Kuhn, J. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Britz Copper Sulfur Dust 15-25. Project Number: 9016/92. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 12 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 7358 Strong, M.C. (1958) Summary of 1958 Tomato Fungicidal Spray Trials in Michigan. (Unpublished study received Feb 5, 1959 under 4255-13; prepared by Michigan State Univ., Dept. of Botany and Plant Biology, submitted by Fike Chemical, Inc., Nitro, W. Va.; CDL:025981-A)

Copper ammonia complex (022702) Guideline: 141-1 Honey bee acute contact

MRID: 40764702 Hoxter, K. (1988) Copper Ammonium Comple x: An Acute Contact Toxicity Study with the Honey Bee: Wildlife International Ltd. Project No. 190-141. Unpublished study prepar ed by Wildlife International Ltd. 14 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 47665301 Durando, J. (2004) Acute Oral Toxici ty Up and Down Procedure in Rats: Comptec. Project Nu mber: 16209, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

Copper and Oxides 4025 Cuprous oxide (025601) Guideline: 71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 42714501 Campbell, S.; Beavers, J.; Jaber, M. (1993) Purple Copp 97N Cuprous Oxide: An Acute Oral Toxicity Study with the Mallard: Lab Project Number: 358-101. Unpublished study prep ared by Wildlife International Ltd. 22 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 68416 Brungs, W.A.; Leonard, E. N.; McKim, J.M. (1973) Ac ute and longterm accumulation of copper by the brown bullhead,~Ictalurus~ ?~nebulosus~. Journa l Fisheries Research Board of Canada 30 (4):583-586. (Published study; CDL:230775- C)

MRID: 68422 Rehwoldt, R.; Bida, G.; Nerrie, B. (1971) Ac ute toxicity of copper, nickel and zinc ions to some Hudson river fish species. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 6( 5):445448. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL:230775-I)

MRID: 68423 Rehwoldt, R.; Menapace, L.W.; Ne rrie, B.; et al. (1972) The effect of increased temperature upon the acute toxicity of some heavy metal ions. Bulletin of Envir onmental Contamination & Toxicology 8( 2):91-96. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL:230775-J)

MRID: 68424 Tarzwell, C.M.; Henderson, C. (1960) T oxicity of less common metals to fi shes. Industrial Wastes 5(Feb):12. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Jun 28, 1977 under 20 0-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL:230775-K)

MRID: 68427 Turnbull, H.; DeMann, J.G.; West on, R.F. (1954) Toxicity of va rious refinery materials to fresh water fish. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 46(2):324-333. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL: 230775-N)

## 74 of 106 MRID: 68428 Wallen, I.E.; Greer, W.C.; Lasater, R. (1957 ) Stream pollution: Toxicity to~Gambusia affinis~of certain pure chemicals in turbi d waters. Sewage and Industria l Wastes 29(6):695-711. (Also~In~unpublished s ubmission received Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL:230775-O)

MRID: 68429 Wilson, R.C.H. (1972) Prediction of copper toxicity in receiving waters. Journal Fi sheries Research Board of Canada 29(10): 1500-1502. (Published study; CDL:230775-Q)

MRID: 84168 LeBlanc, G.A.; Sousa, J.V. (1981) Acute Toxicity of Kansai Rabamarine to Bluegill (~Lepomis macrochirus~): Report #BW-81- 3850. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 46197-1; prepar ed by EG & G Bionomics, submitted by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245649-B)

MRID: 84169 LeBlanc, G.A.; Sousa, J.V. (1981) Acut e Toxicity of Kansai Raba marine to Rainbow Trout (~Salmo gairdneri~): Report #BW81-2830. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 46197-1; pr epared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitted by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245649-D)

MRID: 99389 Pitcher, F.; McCann, J. (1974) ?Traco Brand Brand ?sic Coppe r Zinc 25-25: R. Trout (S. ga irdneri): Test No. 766. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical & Biological Investigations Branch, T echnical Services Di v., unpublished study; CDL: 131098-A)

MRID: 42388601 Anon. (1979) Report on the Study of Acute Toxicity ?Fish--Gol dorfe, Leuciscus idus l.: Lutonal A 25: Lab Project Number: CDP/AP-H 503,STR-WAE. Unpublished study prep ared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 11 p.

MRID: 42388602 Anon. (1979) Report on the Study of Acute Toxicity ?Fish--Gol dorfe, Leuciscus idus l.: Lutonal M 40: Lab Project Number: CDP/AP-H 503. Unpublished study prepar ed by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 11 p.

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 78968 LeBlanc, G.A.; Surprenant, D.C. (1981) Ac ute Toxicity of Kansai Rabamarine to the Water Flea (~Daphnia magna~): Report #BW-812-832. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 46197-1; prepared by EG & G, Bionom ics, submitted by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245649-C)

Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 78967 Hollister, T.A. (1981) Acute Toxicity of Kansai Rabamarine to Mysid Shrimp (~Mysidopsis bahia~): Report No. BP-81-2-14. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 46197-1; prepared by EG & G Bionomics, submitted by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245649-A)

MRID: 78969 Heitmuller, T. (1981) Acute Toxicity of Kansai Rabamarine to Sheepshead Minno ws (~Cyprinodon variegatus~): Report No. BP81-2-10. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 461971; pr epared by EG & G Bionomics, submitted by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245649-E)

MRID: 42164801 Wade, B. (1991) Acute Toxicity of Purple COPP 97N to the Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus): Lab Project Number: 3913022-0200-3140. Unpublished study prepared by Environ. Sci. & Engineering, Inc. (ESE). 35 p.

MRID: 42164802 Wade, B. (1991) Acute Toxicity of Purple COPP 97N to th e Mysid Shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia): Lab Project Number: 3913022- 0600-3140. Unpublished study prepared by Environ. Sci. & Engineering, Inc. 36 p.

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 68417 Calamari, D.; Marchetti, R. (1973) The toxic ity of mixtures of metals and surfactants to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Water Research 7:1453-1464. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by GliddenDurkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL: 230775-D)

## 75 of 106 Guideline: 72-5 Life cycle fish

MRID: 68414 Benoit, D.A. (1975) Chronic effects of copper on survival, growth, and reproduction of the bluegill (~Lepom is macrochirus~).

Transactions of the American Fisherie s Society 104(2):353-358. (Also~In~unpublishe d submission received Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL:230775-A)

MRID: 68416 Brungs, W.A.; Leonard, E. N.; McKim, J.M. (1973) Ac ute and longterm accumulation of copper by the brown bullhead,~Ictalurus~ ?~nebulosus~. Journa l Fisheries Research Board of Canada 30 (4):583-586. (Published study; CDL:230775- C)

MRID: 68419 McKim, J.M.; Benoit, D.A. (1971) Effects of long-term exposures to copp er on survival, growth, a nd reproduction of brook trout (~Salvelinus fontinalis~). Journal Fisheries Research Bo ard of Canada 28(5):655-662. (Published study; CDL:230775-F)

MRID: 68420 Mount, D.I. (1968) Chronic toxicity of copper to fathead minnows (~Pimephales Pr omelas~, Rafinesque). Water Research 2:215216,219-223. (Incomplete; also~In~unpublished submission re ceived Jun 28, 1977 under 200-55; submitted by GliddenDurkee, Div. of SCM Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; CDL:230775-G)

MRID: 68421 Mount, D.I.; Stephan, C.E. (1969) Chronic t oxicity of copper to the fathead minnow (~Pimephales promelas~) in soft water.

Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26(9):2449-2457. (Published study; CDL:230775-H)

Guideline: 72-6 Aquatic org. accumulation

MRID: 44804504 LRIE (1993) Supporting Data (Flexgard VI). Unpublished study prepared by Flexabar Corporation. 27 p.

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 32126 DeLuca, R. (1980) Paint 888: Acute Oral Toxicity, LD50 (Rats): No. 03145. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1980 under 40238-6; prepared by United States Testing Co., Inc., subm itted by Golden Light Equipment Co., Amarillo, Tex.; CDL:242333- A)

MRID: 32269 DeLuca, R. (1979) Acute Oral Toxicity, LD50 (Rats): (Vinyl Plastic Antifouling Paint and Hi Speed Teflon Antifouling Paint):Report No. 02999-2. (Unpublished study received Mar 21 , 1980 under 40238-1; prepared by United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by Golden Light Equipment Co., Amarillo, TX; CDL:242201-C)

MRID: 38608 DeLuca, R. (1980) Report of Test: Paint # 1025: Report No . 03146. (Unpublished study received Jul 15, 1980 under 40238-5; prepared by United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by Pro-Line Paint Co.; CDL: 242868-A)

MRID: 76263 Carpenter, C.P. (1948) Special Report on the Acute Toxicity of Experimental Fungicide 658: Report No. 12-2. (Unpublished study received Apr 30, 1969 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by Univ. of Pittsburgh, Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Industrial Fellowship, submitted by Union Ca rbide Corp., Arlington, Va.; CDL:109808-A)

MRID: 78952 Pinkerton, M.N.; Sc hulz, M.J. (1980) Preliminary Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats with Sigmapla ne AF 7288: GSRI Project No. 413-850-47-6. (Unpublished study received Apr 14, 1981 under 11350-23; prepared by Gulf South Research Institute, submitted by Sigma Coatings, In c., Harvey, La.; CDL:244891-B)

MRID: 78971 Auletta, C.S.; Hodge, P.S.; Eric kson, J.; et al. (1981) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Project No. 6580-81. (Unpublished study received Jul 21, 1981 under 46197-1; prepared by Bio/dynami cs, Inc., submitted by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Rahway, N.J.; CDL: 245650-B)

## 76 of 106 MRID: 88184 Auletta, C.S.; Hogan, G.K.; Hodge , P.S.; et al. (1981) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: (Hempel's Marine Paints Test Material 7690): Project No. 6830-81. (Unpublished study received Nov 30, 1981 under 10250-13; prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc., submitted by Hempel's Marine Paints, Inc., New York, NY; CDL:246304-A)

MRID: 88187 Auletta, C.S.; Hogan, G.K.; H odge, P.S.; et al. (1981) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Project No. 6834-81. (Unpublished study received Nov 30, 1981 under 10250-13; prepared by Bio/dyna mics, Inc., submitted by Hempel's Marine Paints, Inc., New York, N.Y.; CDL:246307-A)

MRID: 99174 Hine Laboratories, Incorporated (1967) Toxicity of Four Anti -fouling Paints and Dried Films: Report No. 2. (Unpublished study received Apr 24, 1970 under 9461-67; submitted by Celanese Coa tings & Specialties Co., Jeffersontown, Ky.; CDL:005882-A)

MRID: 99608 Trivits, R. (1978) Oral LD50 Test: Haskell Laboratory Repor t No. 669-78. (Unpublished study received May 29, 1979 under 352-393; submitted by E.I. du Po nt de Nemours & Co., Inc. , Wilmington, DE; CDL:238620-A)

MRID: 112747 Hixson, O. (1973) To Determine the Oral Toxicity and Skin Irritation Potential In Accordance with Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act Regu lations: ?Purple Copp 97: Laboratory No. PT7340. (Unpublished study received Jul 30, 1973 under 26883-6; prepared by Rosner-Hixson La boratories, submitted by Am erican Chemet Corp., Deerfield, IL; CDL:128532-C)

MRID: 117617 Myers, R.; Lederer, W.; Barnhart, L.; et al. (1981) Range-finding Toxic ity Tests: Peroral, Single Do se to Rats; Percutaneous, Single Dose to Rabbits; Skin Irritation, Rabbit; Eye Irritation, Rabbit: ?Cuprous Oxide--TBTF Antifouling Paint Mixture: Projec t Report 44-506. (Unpublished study received Nov 3, 1982 under 61-162; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitted by Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, PA; CDL:248735-A)

MRID: 118983 Myers, R.; Barnhart, L.; Condra, N. (1981) Range-finding Toxicity Test s: Peroral, Single Dose to Rats; Percutaneous, Single Dose to Rabbits; Skin Irritation, Rabbit; Eye Irritation, Rabb it: Project Report 44-506. (Unpublis hed study received Nov 15, 19 82 under 61-175; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitte d by Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, PA; CDL:248860-A)

MRID: 137046 Maloney, D. (1983) Acute Oral Toxic ity Study in Rats: Seamate Antifouling Pa int: LBI Project No. 22267-01. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Dec 28, 1983 under 2568-88; prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc., submitted by Jotun-Baltimore Copper Paint Co., Baltim ore, MD; CDL:252064-A)

MRID: 146441 Gargus, J. (1984) Acute Oral Toxicity Screen, Rats: Paint Fo rmula No. 1: Final Report: Proj ect No. 2310-100. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 9 p.

MRID: 146883 Inveresk Research International Ltd. ( 1983) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats: (Inte rswift BKA 027 Red): P/ATX/101. Unpublished protocol. 5 p.

MRID: 147844 Goodband, J. (1982) Primary Eye Irritation, Primary Dermal Irritation, Acute Dermal Toxi city, and Acute Oral LD50

Determination Performed on Offshore! Bl ack Paint: Project No. 11257-1. Unpublishe d study prepared by Bioassay Systems Corp. 74 p.

MRID: 149090 Metting, D. (1985) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Cl assic 7677: Project No. 4908-84. Unpublished study prepared by Bio/dynamics Inc. 14 p.

MRID: 149094 Metting, D. (1985) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats: Cl assic 7655: Project No. 4904-84. Unpublished study prepared by Bio/ dynamics Inc. 10 p.

## 77 of 106 MRID: 149160 Goodband, J. (1982) Primary Eye Irritation, Primary Dermal Irritation, Acute Dermal Toxi city, and Acute Oral LD50

Determination Performed on Offshore! Blue Paint: Project No. 11257-2. Unpublished st udy prepared by Bioassay Systems Corp. 67 p.

MRID: 150520 Kinkead, E.; Haun, C.; Macewen, J. ; et al (1982) Evaluation of the Acute Toxic E ffects of Navy Antifouling Paint Formulations: Report No. AFAMRL-TR-82-30. Prepared by University of Calif ornia, Irvine, Wright Patter son Air Force Base. AD-A116931. Interim Report. US Govt. Printing Office. 32 p.

MRID: 150602 Reagan, E. (1985) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Blue Copp er AntiFouling Paint, #660-31; M-1331 in (...) Rats: Study No. 8645B. Unpublished study prepared by Food & Dr ug Research Laboratories, Inc. 26 p.

MRID: 152118 Gargus, J. (1984) Acute Oral Toxicity Screen, Rats: Paint Fo rmula No. 4: Final Report: Proj ect No. 2310-100. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 9 p.

MRID: 152122 Gargus, J. (1984) Acute Oral Toxicity Screen, Rats: Paint Fo rmula No. 7: Final Report: Proj ect No. 2310-100. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 9 p.

MRID: 162424 Collier, T.; Wilson, J. (1985) OECD Acute Oral Toxicity Test: De termination of the Acute Oral Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of Copper Nordox Fungicide in the Rat: Experi ment No. 297/8404. Unpublished study prepar ed by Safepharm Laboratories, Ltd. 28

p.

MRID: 41502401 Kuhn, J. (1989) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: OG-9219 Copper Oxide: Lab Project Number: 6602-89. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p.

MRID: 41852601 Kuhn, J. (1990) Acute Oral Toxicity --Rat ?Supplement/Cuprous Oxide Lab Pr oject Number: 7337-90: BFA254/SD-1. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow Labs, Inc. 13 p.

MRID: 41864201 Nitka, S. (1991) Purple Copp 97N Cuprous Oxide: Acute Or al LD50 in Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 91048-2. Unpublished study prepared by Consum er Product Testing, Inc. 20 p.

MRID: 41963001 Nitka, S. (1990) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats: Final Repor t: Lab Project Number: 90253-3. Unpublished study prepared by Consumer Product Testing. 13 p.

MRID: 41966202 James, C. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats Using Test Article 5284/0516: Fi nal Report: Lab Project Number: ADL Ref: 66139-02. Unpublished study prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. 24 p.

MRID: 41974601 Cuthbert, J.; Jackson, D. (1989) Tri-Lux II Blue: Acute Oral Toxicity (Limit) Test in Rats: La b Project Number: 243027: 5794. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 14 p.

MRID: 42082702 James, C. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats Using Test Article 5284/0516 : Lab Project Number: 66139-02. Unpublished study prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. 24 p.

MRID: 42210501 Shapiro, R. (1992) EPA Acute Oral Toxicity-Defined LD50: Cuprous Oxide: Lab Project Number: T-1165. Unpublished study prepared by SCM Metal Products, Inc. 29 p.

MRID: 42240301 Shapiro, R. (1992) EPA Acute Oral Toxicity--Defined LD50 ?in Rats: Cuprous Oxide, Lot #05109010: Lab Project Number: T1165. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 29 p.

## 78 of 106 MRID: 42295703 Cuthbert, J.; Jackson, D. (1990) Aquarius A. F.: Acute Oral Toxicity (Limit) Test in Rats: Lab Project Number: 550197: 6592. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research, Intl. 14 p.

MRID: 42757201 Kieczka, H. (1985) Report on the Study of Acute Oral Toxicity on Rat Based on OECD: Lutonal M 40: Lab Project Number: 10A430/84. Unpublished study prepared by Basf Aktiengesellschaft. 10 p.

MRID: 42942401 Cerven, D. (1989) Single Dose Oral Toxi city in Rats/LD50 in Rats: Awlgrip/Awlstar Antifouling Gold Label, BP501: Lab Project Number: MB 89-9431 A. Unpublished study prepar ed by MB Research Laboratories, Inc. 9 p.

MRID: 43464101 Nitka, S. (1994) Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats: Hempel's Antifouling Combic Tin Free 7199E -51110 Red: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 94129-3. Unpublished study prepared by Consumer Product Testing Co. 11 p.

MRID: 43654503 Kuhn, J. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: XMH110 Antifouling: Lab Pr oject Number: 7683-90. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 43728603 Allen, D. (1993) Nordox 75: Acute Oral Toxicity Test in the Rat: Lab Project Number: 148/5. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Labs Ltd. 30 p.

MRID: 44079402 Allan, S. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity to the Rat: Hempel's Antifouling Nautic Ti n-Free 7190 (Dark Red): Lab Project Number: 920242D/HMP 9/AC. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 23 p.

MRID: 44082502 Kuhn, J. (1990) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats: XUU 562: Lab Project Number: 7607-90. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 14 p.

MRID: 44168202 McRae, L. (1995) Acute Oral Toxicity to the Rat: He mpel's Antifouling Combic 76990: Lab Project Number: HMP 21E/940788/AC. Unpublished study prepared by H untingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 21 p.

MRID: 44277001 James, C. (1991) Acute Oral Toxicity St udy in Rats Using Test Article 5284/0516: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 66139-02. Unpublished study prepared by Art hur D. Little, Inc. 24 p.

MRID: 44587202 MacBeth, D.; Ogilvie, S. (1994) Ecoloflex Paint: Acute Oral Toxicity (limit) Test in Rats: Lab Project Number: 9976: 554474. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 18 p.

MRID: 44691304 Allen, D. (1993) Nordox 75: Acute Oral Toxicity Test in the Rat: Lab Project Number: 148/5. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories Limited. 30 p.

MRID: 44705501 Wnorowski, G. (1995) Acute Oral Toxic ity Limit Test (in Rats): ACP-50 Abla tive Copper Polymer 1270 Blue: Lab Project Number: P320: 3783. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p.

MRID: 44709801 Allan, S. (1992) Acute Oral Toxicity to the Rat: Antifouling Seavictor 50 Dark Red: Lab Project Number: 920476D/JTG 34/AC. Unpublished study prepared by Hunti ngdon Research Centre Ltd. 19 p.

MRID: 44843402 Kuhn, J. (1998) Sigmaplane Ecol HA Antifouling Redbrown 5294RD : Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 4026-97. Unpublished study pr epared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 11 p.

## 79 of 106 MRID: 45151103 Graver, K. (2000) Acute Oral Toxicity/L D 50 in Rats: Algae-Resistant Roofing Gr anule Product: Lab Project Number: MB 00- 8304.01: 1000. Unpublished study prepared by MB Research Laboratories. 12 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 45246201 Nunziata, A. (2000) COBRE NORDOX 75 WG : Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Rat: Lab Project Number: 7671: 7671/T/082/2000. Unpublished study prepared by Research Toxicology Center S.p.A. 37 p.

MRID: 45419503 Edgar, F. (1999) Acute Oral Toxicity (Limit) Test of Hempel's Globic SP-EC O 81900 in Rats: Lab Project Number: 571971: 17011. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research. 25 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 45541902 Shapiro, R. (1992) Nordox 30/30: Acute Oral Toxicity Test in the Rat: Lab Project Number: T-1730. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 27 p.

MRID: 45827707 Edgar, F. (1999) Antifouling Seavictor 70: Acute Oral Toxicity (Fixed Dose Proce dure) Test in Rats: Lab Project Number: 17377: 572818. Unpublished study prepared by I nveresk Research. 20 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 47017302 Mullaney, T. (2005) NORDOX 30/30 WG: Ac ute Oral Toxicity in the Rat. Proj ect Number: 1515/012. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories Ltd. 18 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 11210 Upjohn Company (1970) Valencias. (Unpublished study received Jul 28, 1970 under 1023-EX-27; CDL:210031-G)

MRID: 158116 Worthington, R.; Smith, D. (1973) Effects of several foliar fungi cides on the fatty acid composition and stability of peanut oi l. J. Agr. Food Chem. 21(4):619-621.

Guideline: 141-1 Honey bee acute contact

MRID: 42154901 Hoxter, K.; Lynn, S. (1991) Cuprous Oxide-Agro Grade: An Ac ute Contact Toxicity Study with the Honey Bee: Lab Project Number: 303-101B. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 14 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46279302 Hutchinson, A.; Donald, E. (2004) XUU932: Acute Oral Toxicity (Up-a nd-Down Procedure) Test in Rats. Project Number: 23586, 506441. Unpublished study prepared by I nveresk Research International. 25 p.

MRID: 46280102 Hutchinson, A.; Donald, E. (2004) XUU933: Acute Oral Toxicity (Up-a nd-Down Procedure) Test in Rats. Project Number: 23587, 506499. Unpublished study prepared by I nveresk Research International. 25 p.

MRID: 46869003 Brown, E. (2006) Chemet LD: Justification for Bridging for Acute Toxicity. Project Number: CHEMET/TB. Unpublished study prepared by Steptoe & Johnson Llp. 6 p.

MRID: 47107703 Hutchinson, A. (2002) Interswift 655 (BMA 009) Acute Oral Toxicity (Acute Toxic Class) Test in Ra ts. Project Number: 502892. Unpublished study prepared by Invere sk Research International. 25 p.

MRID: 47140102 Doig, A (2007) Acute Oral Toxicity Study (UDP) in Rats: Sea Grand Prix 500 Part B: Final Report. Project Number: 10347/06. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 47140106 Casey, K. (2007) Sea Grand Prix 500 Part B: Comparison of Re sults of Acute Toxicity Studies Conducted on Sea Grand Prix 500 (previously submitted) and Toxicity Studies Conducted on Sea Grand Prix 500 Part B. Project Number: CMP/052507. Unpublished study prepared by Chugoku Ma rine Paints (U.S.A.) Inc. 4 p.

## 80 of 106 MRID: 47470103 Durando, J. (2008) Acute Oral Toxici ty Up and Down Procedure in Rats: ORD-X310. Project Number: P320/UDP, 24824, 080409/2H. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47878202 Lewandowski, P. (2009) Owens Corning Al gae Resistant Roofing Granule: Acute Toxicity Request for Data Waivers. Unpublished study prepared by Keller and Heckman, LLP. 7 p.

Copper (metal) (022501) – An timicrobial uses only Guideline: 71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 94380003 Ohgawara, T. (1993) Kanebo Zeolite U.S. A. Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 42871001. Silver-copper Zeolite -- Acute Avian Oral LD50 Test -- Quail: Project 363-101. Prep ared by Wildlife Inte rnational Ltd. 9 p.

Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 99429 Fletcher, D.; Jenkins, D.; Kinoshita, F.; et al. (1975) Report to ...: 8-day Dietary LC50 Study with K-lox in Mallard Ducklings : IBT No. 651-05906; Special Report 75.006. (Unpublished study r eceived Jul 28, 1975 under 8901-18; prepared by Industrial Bio- Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Koci de Chemical Corp., H ouston, TX; CDL:222015-B)

MRID: 99430 Fletcher, D. (1975) Report to ...: 8-da y Dietary LC50 Study with K-lox in Bobwhi te Quail: IBT No. 651-05905; Special Report 75.006. (Unpublished study received Jul 28, 1975 under 8901-18; prep ared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, TX; CDL:222015-C)

MRID: 157949 Fink, R. (1975) Eight-day Dietary LC50 - Bobwhite Quail [Using MRC-156]: Final Report: Project No. 132-101. Unpublished study prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc. 9 p.

MRID: 157950 Fink, R. (1975) Eight-day Dietary LC50 - Mallard Ducks [Using MRC-156]: Final Report: Project No. 132-102. Unpublished study prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc. 6 p.

MRID: 40556103 Paulson, J. (1988) Copper-Count-N: Avian and Mammalian Testing: ?Eight-day Dietar y LC50--Mallard Ducks: MRC-156: Final Report|. Unpublished study prepared by Truslow Farms Inc. 22 p.

MRID: 94380004 Ohgawara, T. (1993) Kanebo Zeolite U. S.A. Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41615812 and Related MRIDs 42646703. Silvercopper Zeolite -- Acute Avian Diet LC50 Te st -- Quail: Project 278-101 and 901-ADL. Prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 13 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 65633 Brown, V.M.; Dalton, R.A. (1970) The acute lethal toxicity to rain- bow trout of mixt ures of copper, phe nol, zinc and nickel. Jour- nal of Fish Biology 2:211-216. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Cop- per Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-G)

MRID: 65634 Chapman, G.A.; Stevens, D.G. (1978) Acutely lethal levels of cadmium, c opper, and zinc to adult male coho salmon and steelhead. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107( 6): 837-840. (Also~In~unpublished s ubmission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-H)

MRID: 99356 McCann, J.; Pitcher, F. (1973) ?Purina Algae Chek: Bluegill|: Te st No. 593. (U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, Pesti- cides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:128375-B)

MRID: 99392 McCann, J. (1968) ?Miller 658 Fungicide: Rainbow Trout (Salmo ga irdneri)|: Test No. 94. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., An imal Biology Laboratory; unpub- lished study; CDL:131326-A)

## 81 of 106 MRID: 99482 Hubschman, J. (1965) Effects of copper on the crayfish Orconect es rusticus (Girard), II. Mode of toxic action. ?Source unknown| ?:141-150. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225816-C)

MRID: 99483 Shaw, T.; Brown, V. (1974) The toxicity of some forms of copper to rainbow trout. Wate r Research 8:377-382. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225816-D)

MRID: 153843 Jason M. Cortell & Associates Inc. (1985) Fish and Wildlife Safety: Volume IV. Unpublished study. 150 p.

MRID: 40556102 Paulson, J. (1988) Copper-Count-N: Avian a nd Mammalian Testing: ?Fish T oxicity Data|. Unpublished study prepared by United States Department of the Interior , Fish and Wildlife Service. 7 p.

MRID: 94380005 Ohgawara, T. (1993) Kanebo Zeolite U. S.A. Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41615814 and Related MRIDs 42646702. Silvercopper Zeolite -- Fish Toxicity -- Rainbow Trout: Project 89101-ADL . Prepared by EnviroSystem Div. Resource Analysts, Inc. 10 p.

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 65648 Sosnewski, S.L.; Gentile, J. H. (1978) Toxicological compar ison of natural and cultured popul ations of~Acar tia tonsa~to cadmium, copper, and mercury. Journal of the Fisherie s Reserve Board of Canada 35:1366-1369. (Published study; CDL:243555-V)

MRID: 99484 Raymont, J.; Shields, J. (1963) Toxicity of copper and chromium in the marine envir onment. Int. J. Air Wat. Poll. 7:435-443. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200 - 55; submitted by Glidden- Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225816-E)

MRID: 99576 Arthur, J.; Leonard, E. (1970) Effects of copper on Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Physa integra, and Campeloma decisum in soft water. Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27(7): 1277- 1283. (Also In unpublished submission received Jul 12, 1978 under 1278-8; submitted by Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York, NY; CDL:234670-G)

MRID: 45202917 Taylor, E.; Maund, S.; Pascoe, D. (1991) Toxicity of four common pollutants to the freshwater macroinvertebrates Chironomus riparius Meigen (Insecta: Diptera) and Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustac ea: Amphipoda). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21:371-376.

MRID: 94380006 Ohgawara, T. (1993) Kanebo Zeolite U. S.A. Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41615815 and Related MRIDs 42646702. Silvercopper Zeolite -- Invertebrate Toxicity -- Daphnid: Project 89102-ADL. Prepared by E nviroSystem Div. Resource Analysts, Inc. 10 p.

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 47460 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Report: WARF No. 2040242, 2040243, 2040244. (Compilation; unpublished study received Mar 30, 1973 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., H ouston, Tex.; CDL:132472-A)

MRID: 65632 Howarth, R.S.; Sprague , J.B. (1978) Copper lethality to ra inbow trout in waters of various hardness and pH. Water Research 12: 455-462. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-F)

MRID: 65634 Chapman, G.A.; Stevens, D.G. (1978) Acutely lethal levels of cadmium, c opper, and zinc to adult male coho salmon and steelhead. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107( 6): 837-840. (Also~In~unpublished s ubmission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-H)

## 82 of 106 MRID: 65635 Lett, P.F.; Farmer, G.J.; Beamish, F.W.H. (1976) Effect of copper on some aspects of the bioenergetics of rainbow trout (~Salmo~ ?~gairdneri~). Journal of th e Fisheries Reserve Board of Cana- da 33:1335-1342. (Published study; CDL:243555-I)

MRID: 65636 Shaw, T.L.; Brown, V.M. (1973) The toxic ity of some forms of copper to rainbow trout. Water Research 8:377-382. (Also~In~ unpublished submission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; subm itted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL: 243555-J)

MRID: 65638 O'Hara, J. (1971) Alterations in oxygen cons umption by bluegills exposed to sublethal treatment with copper. Water Research 5: 321-327. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; submitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-L)

MRID: 65645 Winner, R.W.; Keeling, T.; Yeager , R.; et al. (1977) Effect of food type on th e acute and chronic toxicity of copper to ?~Daphn ia magna~. Freshwater Biology 7:343-350. (Also~In~un- publishe d submission received Oct 22, 1980 under 44214-1; sub- mitted by Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243555-S)

Guideline: 72-5 Life cycle fish

MRID: 99577 Mount, D.; Stephan, C. (1969) Chronic toxici ty of copper to the fathead minnow (Pime phales promelas) in soft water. Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26(9):2449-2456. (Also In unpublished submission received Jul 12, 1978 under 1278-8; submitted by Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York, NY; CDL:234670-H)

Guideline: 72-7 Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID: 99572 Sprague, J.; Elson, P.; Saunders, R. (19??) Sublethal copper-zinc pollution in a sa lmon river--a field and laboratory study. ?Source unknown| ?:61-82. (Also In unpublished submission re- ce ived Jul 12, 1978 under 1278-8; submitted by Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York, NY; CDL:234670-B)

MRID: 99576 Arthur, J.; Leonard, E. (1970) Effects of copper on Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Physa integra, and Campeloma decisum in soft water. Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27(7): 1277- 1283. (Also In unpublished submission received Jul 12, 1978 under 1278-8; submitted by Phelps Dodge Refining Co., New York, NY; CDL:234670-G)

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 11572 Cation, D. (1952) Cherry Leaf Spot Experiments in 1952. (Unpub- lished study received Oct 15, 1953 under 1023-9; prepared by Michigan State College, Botany Dept., submitted by Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.; CDL:005440-F)

MRID: 11573 Moore, J.D.; Keitt, G.W. (1952) Report on Experimental Spraying for Cherry Leaf Spot Control in 1952. (Unpublished study received Oct 15, 1953 under 1023-9; submitted by Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.; CDL:005440-G)

Cupric oxide (042401) – An timicrobial uses only Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 25516 Fink, R. (1973) Eight-Day Dietary LCI50^--Mallard Ducks: Ta co CCA: Final Report: Project No. 829-103. (Unpublished study received Jan 23, 1980 under 61-128; prepared by Hazleton Laborator ies, Inc., submitted by Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; CDL: 241715-A)

MRID: 104016 Fink, R. (1973) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC50--Malla rd Ducks: ?Taco CCA|: Project No. 829-103. (Unpublished study re- ceived Dec 4, 1974 under 8333-3; prepared by Environmental Sciences Corp., submitted by Re ntokil, Inc., Spartanburg, NC; CDL:132086-A)

## 83 of 106 MRID: 106113 Fink, R. (1973) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC50--Bobwhi te Quail: ?Taco CCA|: Project No. 829-102. (Unpublished study received Aug 20, 1973 under 8333-1; prepared by Environmental Sc iences Corp., submitted by Rent okil, Inc., Spartanburg, N.C.; CDL:128552-C)

MRID: 107430 Fink, R. (1973) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC50--Bobwhi te Quail: ?Taco CCA|: Project No. 829-102. (Unpublished study received Dec 4, 1974 under 8333-3; prepared by Environmental Sc iences Corp., submitted by Rentokil, Inc., Spartanburg, NC; CDL:132086-B)

MRID: 44014009 Campbell, S.; Beavers, J. (1994) TLF-8226: A Dietary LC50 Study with the Northe rn Bobwhite: Amende d Final Report: Lab Project Number: 112-347: 729-93. Unpublished study pr epared by Wildlife International Ltd. 43 p.

MRID: 44022309 Palmer, S.; Campbell, S.; Beavers, J. (1995) TLF-8298: A Dietary LC50 Study with the Northern Bobwhite: Amended Final Report: Lab Project Number: 112-348: 730-93. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 46 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 78984 LeBlanc, G.A.; Sousa, J.V. (1981) Acut e Toxicity of Biomet 304/CuO Paint to Ra inbow Trout (~Salmo gairdneri~): Report #BW-81-7- 953. (Unpublished study received Aug 7, 1981 under 5204- 68; prepared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitted by M & T Chemicals, Inc., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245656-C)

MRID: 91290 LeBlanc, G.A.; Sousa, J.V. (1981) Acute Toxicity of Biomet 304/CuO Paint to Blue gill (~Lepomis macroc hirus~): Report #BW81-7- 946. (Unpublished study received A ug 7, 1981 under 5204-68; prepared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitted by M & T Chemicals, Inc., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245656-B)

MRID: 99363 Fink, R.; Reno, F.E. (1973) Final Report: Acute LC50--Bluegil l Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: ?Taco CCA, 40% Concentrate|: Projects No. 829-100 and No. 829-101. (Unpublished study receiv ed Aug 20, 1973 under 8333-1; prepared by Environmental Sciences Corp., submitted by Rentokil, Inc., Spartanburg, N.C.; CDL:128552-B)

MRID: 104017 Fink, R.; Reno, F. (1973) Final Report: Acute LC50--Bluegill Sun- fish and Rainbow Trout: ?Taco CCA, 40% Concentrate|: Projects No. 829-100 and No. 829-101. (Unpublished study rece ived Dec 4, 1972 under 8333-3; prepared by Environmental Sciences Corp. and Truslow Farms, submitted by Rentokil, Inc., Spartanburg, NC; CDL:132086-C)

MRID: 44014007 Kreamer, G. (1995) Static, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of TLF-8226 to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: HLR 392-93: 392-93: 9397-001. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 32 p.

MRID: 44022307 Kreamer, G. (1995) Static, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of TLF-8298 to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: HLR 604-93: 9578-001: 604-93. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 31 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 91291 LeBlanc, G.A.; Surprenant, D.C. (1981) Ac ute Toxicity of Biomet 304/CuO Paint to the Water Flea (~Daphnia magna~): Report #BW- 81-7-941. (Unpublished study received Aug 7, 1981 under 5204- 68; prepared by EG & G, Bionomics, submitted by M & T Chemicals, Inc., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245656-D)

MRID: 44014008 Kreamer, G. (1995) Static, Acute, 48-H our EC50 of TLF-8226 to Daphnia magna: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: HLR 514-93: 514-93: 9397-001. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 31 p.

MRID: 44022308 Kreamer, G. (1995) Static, Acute, 48-H our EC50 of TLF-8298 to Daphnia magna: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: HLR 605-93: 605-93: 9578-001. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 31 p.

## 84 of 106 Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 79322 Hollister, T.A. (1981) Acute Toxicity of Biomet 304/CuO Mixtur e to Mysid Shrimp (~Mysidopsis bahia~): Report No. BP-81-6- 88. (Unpublished study received Jul 16, 1981 under 5204-68; prepared by EG & G Bionomics, submitted by M & T Chemicals, Inc., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245597-A)

MRID: 79323 Ward, G.S. (1981) Acute Toxicity of Biomet 304/CuO Mixture to Sheepshead Minnows (~Cyprinodon variegatus~): Report No. BP- 81-6-93. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1981 under 5204- 68; prepared by EG & G Bi onomics, submitted by M & T Chemicals, Inc., Rahway, N.J.; CDL:245597-B)

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 99486 Aduayi, E. (1972) Effects of cuprous oxide (copper) on the grow th and mineral composition of coffee seedlings grown in nutrient solutions. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal ?( Jan):185-191. (Also In unpublished submission received Aug 5, 1976 under 200-55; submitted by Glidden-Durkee Div., SCM Corp., Cleveland, OH; CDL:225816-G)

Copper Salts 4026 Copper salts of fatty and rosin acids (023104) Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 106116 Fink, R.; Reno, F. (1974) Final Report: Eight-day LC50--Mallard Ducks: ?Citcop 4E: Project No. 811-102. (Unpublished study received Mar 5, 1974 under 1109-25; prepared by Environmental Sc iences Corp. and Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlant a, GA; CDL:223694-A)

MRID: 106117 Fink, R.; Reno, F. (1974) Final Report: Ei ght-day Dietary LC50-Bobwhite Quail: ?Cit cop 4E: Project No. 811-101; prepared by Environmental Sciences Corp. and Truslow Farms, Inc., s ubmitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:223694-B)

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 99353 McCann, J.; Pitcher, F. (1973) ?Citcop 4E : Rainbow Trout: Test No. 601. (U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:128361-A)

MRID: 99354 McCann, J.; Pitcher, F. (1973) ?Citcop 4E: Bluegill: Test No. 588. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:128362-A)

MRID: 44116102 Nedvidek, W. (1996) NEU1140F--Acute Toxicity Fish Test (Rainbow Trout): (Fin al Report): Lab Project Number: 96 50 41 281. Unpublished study prepared by BioChem GmbH. 37 p.

Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 99399 Bentley, R. (1973) Acute Toxicity of Ci tcop 4E to Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes vulg aris) and Fiddler Crab (Uca pugilator). (Unpublished study received Dec 4, 1973 under 1109-25 prepared by Bi onomics, Inc., submitt ed by Cities Serv ice Co., Altanta, GA; CDL:132096-A)

MRID: 106114 Marine Research Institute (1974) Final Report: 96-hour EC50 --Shell Deposition Study--Oysters. (Unpublished study received Mar 22, 1974 under 1109-25; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA; CDL:132348-A)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 52684 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1970) Report: WARF No. 0071799. (Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1970 under 1109-25; submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:102418-A)

MRID: 129310 Goodband, J. (1983) Primary Dermal Irrita tion, Primary Eye Irritati on, Acute Dermal Toxicity, and Acute Oral LD50 Determination Performed on Copper Neoiso ate: Bioassay Systems Corporation Proj ect No. 11577. (Unpublished study received May 5, 1983 under 518-73; prepared by Bioassay Systems Corp ., submitted by Darworth, Inc., Avon, CT; CDL:250277-A)

## 85 of 106 MRID: 141726 Regel, L. (1970) Oral LD 50; Skin Irritation; Eye Irritati on: [TC904 (Formulated)]: WARF No. 0071799. Unpublished study prepared by WARF Institute, Inc. 4 p.

MRID: 41437501 Shapiro, R. (1986) EPA Acute Oral Toxicity--Defined LD50: C itcop 5E Emulsifiable Liquid Co pper Fungicide: Lab Project No. T-5530. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 25 p.

MRID: 43550001 Kuhn, J. (1994) Copper Tallate: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Nu mbers: 1601-94: S9-FF81-1. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 12 p.

MRID: 43947504 Rijcken, W. (1995) NEU1140F End-Use Produc t: Toxicology Data: Acute Oral Toxicity Study (in Rats): Lab Project Number: 154801: 50778. Unpublished study prepared by NOTOX 16. p.

MRID: 45292201 Moore, G. (2000) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats: Bonide Complete Fruit Tree Spray 2: Lab Project Number: 9717: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 20 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 94085002 Gohlke, A. (1990) Tennessee Chemical Co. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 41437501. Acute Oral Toxicity -Rat: Study 1987-9, Volume 2: Project ID: T-5530. Prepared by Product Safety Labs. 8 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 22056 Smith, D.H. (1969) 1969 Peanut Leafspot Fungicide Test--Plains, Georgia. (Unpublis hed study including letter dated Oct 24, 1969 from D.H. Smith to Sidney Fox, received Dec 9, 1969 under 400EX-37; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Georgia Station, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:123444-H)

MRID: 64996 Deichman, L. (1970) Letter sent to Jim Reynolds dated Oct 22, 1970 ?TC-904 on corn in Minnesota without phytotoxicity. (Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1970 under 1109-25; prepared by Custom Farm Services, Inc. , submitted by Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga.; CDL:024579-B)

MRID: 158306 Gohlke, A. (1969) Letter sent to Central Files dated May 19, 1969: Citrus Phytotoxic ity tests with liquid copper fungicide. 1 p

.

Copper ethylenediamine (024407) Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 99185 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Copper Corporation: 8- day Dietary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-547 in Mallard Ducklings: SR-73.020. (Unpublished study received Aug 20, 1973 unde r 8901-13; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL: 008671-E)

MRID: 99186 Fletcher, D. (1973) Report to Kennecott Copper Corporation: 8- day Dietary LCI50^ Study with Sample No. 73-547 in Bobwhite Quail: IBT No. 651-03599; SR-73.020. (Unpublished study receivedAug 20, 1973 under 8901-13; prepared by Industrial BioTest Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:008671-F)

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 99183 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Report: WARF Nos. 3011242, 3011243, 3011244; SR-73.020. (Unpublished study received Aug 20, 1973 under 8901-13; submitted by Koci de Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:008671-B)

Guideline: 72-7 Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID: 94091001 Ravitz, S. (1990) Griffin Corporation Phase 3 Summary of MR ID 41189002. Residue and Incidence Monitoring of Aquatic Sites Treated With Copper-containing Pes ticides: Project NO. 26887. Prepared by Orius Associates Inc. 7 p.

## 86 of 106 Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 46630606 Merkel, D. (2005) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: Copper EDA Blend. Project Number: 17611, P320/UDP, 050524/2H. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

MRID: 47822406 Moore, G. (2008) Harpoon Granular: Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats. Project Number: 24755, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins /Product Safety Laboratories. 18 p.

Copper triethanolamine complex (024403) Guideline: 71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 99204 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1973) Toxicity Data for Coppertriethanolam ine Complex on Ring-necked Pheasant and Mallard Duck. (Unpublished study received Nov 21, 1973 under 8959-12; CDL:010116-B)

MRID: 152165 Newman, S.; Majnarich, J. (1985) Avian Single-dose Oral LD50 Test on Mallards Using C opper Control: Series 71-1. Unpublished study prepared by BioM ed Research Labs., Inc. 11 p.

MRID: 94090001 Mattern, J. (1990) Argent Chemical La boratories, Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MR ID 00152165. Avian Single-Dose LD50 Test on Mallards Using Copper Control. Prepared by Biomed Research Labs, Inc. 6 p.

Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 99448 Schmidt, J. (1974) Subacute Toxicities of Cutrine and Weedt rine- Plus to Ring-necked Pheas ants (Phasianus colchicus) & Mallard Ducks (Anus platyrhynchos): Dietary LC50. (Unpublis hed study received Jun 14, 1976 under 8959-11; submitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL:224874-B)

MRID: 152169 Majnarich, J. (1984) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of "Copper Co ntrol" Series 71-2. Unpublished study prepared by BioMed Research Labs, Inc. 4 p.

MRID: 94090002 Mattern, J. (1990) Argent Chemical La boratories, Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 00152169. Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Copper Control. Prepared by Biomed Research Labs, Inc. 6 p.

Guideline: 71-5 Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID: 106115 Domogalla, B.; Hazzard, A.; Gysan, W. (1963) 15 years of al gae control. U.S. Trout News ?(Mar-Apr):8,10,12. (Also In unpublished submission received Dec 18, 1964 under 8959-1; su bmitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL:220652-D)

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 67883 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1972) Acute Toxicity (LC 50) Fish Study: (Copper Solutions). (U npublished study received Nov 3, 1980 under 8901-25; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp. Houston, TX; CDL:244109-A)

MRID: 79874 Kennecott Copper Corporation (1972) Toxicity of Copper to Fish in Laboratory Tests. (U npublished study received on unknown date under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127623-G)

MRID: 88317 Lee, T. (1972) Report: WARF Nos. 2040242 through 2040244, SR 72.004 Addendum. (Unpublished study received Jun 15, 1972 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by WA RF Institute, Inc., submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127620-A)

MRID: 88318 Kennecott Copper Corporation (1972) Toxicity of Various Forms of Copper to Largemouth Bass in Still Water Laboratory Tests: SR- 72.004 Addendum. (Unpublished study received Jun 15, 197 2 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL:127620-B)

## 87 of 106 MRID: 99165 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (19??) ?Toxicity of Various Herb icides to Fish. (Unpublishe d study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL:005661-C)

MRID: 99167 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (19??) Toxicity of Cutrine to Fish at Different Water Temperatures and Water Hardness. (Unpublished study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL: 005661-E)

MRID: 99168 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish toxicity: ?Cut rine. (Unpublished study received Sep 16 , 1970 under 8959-1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Bi ochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:005661-F)

MRID: 99322 Stoner, G.A. (1972) Summary: ?Data on the Aqueous Formula tion Kolox: SR-72.004. (Unpublished study received Apr 7, 1972 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Ch emical Corp., Houst on, Tex.; CDL:127622-A)

MRID: 99330 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1972) The Effect of Various Concentrations of Copper from Cutrine and Various Concentrations of Endothal (Dipotassium Salt) on Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque). (Unpublished study received Dec 21, 1972 under unknown admin. no.; CDL:127670-E)

MRID: 99351 Pitcher, F.G. (1974) ?Bio-Guard MSA Al gicide: Bluegill: Test No. 659. (U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:128263-A)

MRID: 99367 Pitcher, F.G. (1974) (Black Algaetrine: Rainbow Trout (Sal mo gairdneri)): Test No. 669. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Di v., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:129213-A)

MRID: 99376 McCann, J.A. (1970) ?Cutrine: Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Test No. 312. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:130649-A)

MRID: 99377 McCann, J.A. (1970) ?Cutrine Algaecide-f ungicide: Bluegill (Lepomis m acrochirus): Test No. 304. (U .S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:130650-A)

MRID: 99378 McCann, J.A. (1971) ?Cutrine: Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Test No. 342. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:130651-A)

MRID: 99412 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (19??) Fish Toxicity: ?Cutrine. (Unpublished study r eceived Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL: 220149-B)

MRID: 99414 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (1970) ?Toxicity of Cutrine to Vari ous Aquatic Species. (Compilati on; unpublished study received Sep 16, 1970 under 8959-1; CDL:220149-F)

MRID: 99668 Lin, C.; Nemo, A.; Vedder, D. (1970) Copper Residue in Rainbow Trout. (Unpublis hed study received Jul 21, 1972 under 2F1227; submitted by Applied Biochemi sts, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL: 091057-S)

MRID: 115858 Simonin, H.; Skea, J. (1977) Toxicity of diquat and cutrine to fingerling brown trout. New York Fish and Game Journal 24(1): 37-45. (Also In unpublished submission received Sep 14, 1979 un der 239-2247; submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, CA; CDL:098974-C)

MRID: 133858 WARF Institute, Inc. (1972) Report: WARF Nos. 2040242, 2040243 and 2040244. (Unpublished study received Feb 8, 1979 under 8901-20; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, TX; CDL:237379-A)

## 88 of 106 MRID: 145100 Casey, K. (1984) Acute Toxicity Test fo r Fresh Water Fish-96 Hr LC 50 series 72-1 [copper control]. Unpublished study prepared by Biomed Research Laboratories, Inc. 10 p.

MRID: 147736 Casey, K. (1984) Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Fish--96H r LC50-- Series 72-1: Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Unpublished study prepared by Biom ed Research Labs, Inc. 7 p.

MRID: 157308 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (19??) Acute Toxi city of Cutrine-Plus & Copper Sulfate to the Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) in Various Wa ter Hardnesses: TSR 134-1175. Unpublished study. 8 p.

MRID: 94090003 Mattern, J. (1990) Argent Chemical Labo ratories, Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 00147736. Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Fish-96HR LC50-Series 72-1, PAR. Prepared by Biomed Research Labs, Inc. 6 p.

MRID: 94090004 Mattern, J. (1990) Argent Chemical Labo ratories, Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 00145100. Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Fish - 96HR LC50. Prepared by Biomed Research Labs, Inc. 6 p.

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 77006 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1980) Toxicity: LCI50^ an d LTI50^: ?Cutrine-plus. (Unpublished study received Apr 9, 1981 under 8959-33; CDL:245135-B)

MRID: 99352 Pitcher, F. (1974) ?Bio-Guard MSA Algici de: Daphnia magna: Test No. 667 . (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Regulation Div., Animal Biology Labor atory; unpublished study; CDL:128263-B)

MRID: 152168 Newman, S. (1984) Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Aquati c Invertebrates - 48 Hr LC50 - Series 72-2. Unpublished study prepared by BioMed Research Laboratories, Inc. 5 p.

MRID: 94090005 Mattern, J. (1990) Argent Chemical Labo ratories, Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 00152168. Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Aquatic Invertebrates-48 Hour LC. Prepared by Biomed Research Labs, Inc. 6 p.

Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 99447 Union Carbide Corp. (1976) Acute Toxicity of Ricetrine to: Fidd ler Crab, Uca pugilator, Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris, and Oyster Larvae, Crassostrea virginica. (Unpublished stud y received Jun 14, 1976 under 8959-11; submitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL:224874-A)

MRID: 109806 Rausina, G. (1975) Report to Kocide Chemi cal Corporation: Four-day Static Aquatic T oxicity Studies with K-lox in Shore Crabs and Grass Shrimp: IBT No. 621-07845. (Unpublished study receivedDec 12, 1975 under 11273-14; prepared by Industrial BioTest Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Sandoz, In c., Crop Protection, San Diego, CA; CDL:223873-A)

MRID: 109807 Rausina, G. (1975) Report to Kocide Chemical Corporation: F our-day Static Aquatic Toxicity Study with K-lox in Eastern Oysters: IBT No. 621-07845. (Unpublished study received Dec 12, 1975 under 11273-14; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Sandoz, Inc., Crop Protection, San Diego, CA; CDL: 223873-B)

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 47460 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Report: WARF No. 2040242, 2040243, 2040244. (Compilation; unpublished study received Mar 30, 1973 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Chemical Corp., H ouston, Tex.; CDL:132472-A)

MRID: 56780 Marking, L.L. (1970) Letter sent to Dale Borchardt dated Aug 11, 1970 ?Summary of work with Cutrine. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Control Laborator y, unpublished study; CDL: 100318-B)

## 89 of 106 Guideline: 72-7 Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID: 99168 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish toxicity: ?Cut rine. (Unpublished study received Sep 16 , 1970 under 8959-1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Bi ochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:005661-F)

MRID: 94088001 Ravitz, S. (1990) Griffin Corporation Phase 3 Summary of MR ID 41189002. Residue and Incidence Monitoring of Aquatic Sites Treated with Copper-containing Pes ticides: Project No. 26887. Prepared by Orius Associates Inc. 7 p.

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 56618 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1973) ?Pharmacology Laborat ory Toxicity Report: Swim Tr ine Algaecide. (Compilation; unpublished study received on unknown date under 8959-2; CDL: 224567-A)

MRID: 58018 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1971) Report: WARF No. 1052198. (Unpublished study receiv ed Oct 22, 1976 under 8959-11; submitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:226389-B)

MRID: 71452 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1973) Report: WARF No. 3091400. (Unpublished study receiv ed Jan 22, 1981 under 5185-331; submitted by Bio-Lab, Inc., Decatur, Ga.; CDL:244241-B)

MRID: 79857 Kennecott Copper Corporation (1972) Kolox Mammalian T oxicology. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Kocide Chemi cal Corp., Houston, Tex.; CDL: 127623-B)

MRID: 87786 Weisbroth, S.P.; Weisbroth, S. H. (1980) Safety Evaluation of Swimfree Algaecide . Final rept. (Unpublished study received Nov 3, 1981 under 32460-1; prepared by BioSafe Systems, Inc. , submitted by Hydrology Laboratories, Smithtown, N.Y.; CDL:246213-A)

MRID: 100660 Conine, D.; Weiner, A.; Kreuzmann, J.; et al. (1982) Acute Oral Toxicity Screen in Rats, Acute Dermal Toxicity Screen in Rabbits, Primary Skin Irritation Study in Rabbits, Primary Eye Irritation Study in Ra bbits of Winterine: Ref. 82-0334-21. (Unpublished study received Apr 21, 1982 under 8959-35; prepar ed by Hill Top Research, Inc., submitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Me quon, WI; CDL:247377-A)

MRID: 106608 WARF Institute, Inc. (1971) Report: WA RF No. 1052198. (Unpublished study received Sep 2, 1971 under 8959-3; submitted by Applied Biochemists, Inc., Mequon, WI; CDL:005663-B)

MRID: 106609 WARF Institute, Inc. (1973) Report: WA RF No. 3083299. (Unpublished study received Oct 17, 1973 under 8959-14; submitted by Applied Biochemists, In c., Mequon, WI; CDL:008759-A)

MRID: 119493 Raltech Scientific Services, In c. (1979) Acute Oral Toxicity -- Method, Summary, Pathology; Acute Dermal Toxicity--Method, Summary, Pathology; Primary Eye Irritation--Method, Summa ry; Primary Dermal Irritation --Method, Summary: Lab No. 721737. (Unpublished study received Jul 17, 1979 under 12014-4; submitted by A & V, Inc., Pewaukee, WI; CDL:241057-A)

MRID: 145101 Casey, K.; Tedrow, R.; Boyce, J. (1984) Ac ute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats-Series 81- 1. Unpublished study prepared by Biomed Research Laboratories, Inc. 11 p.

MRID: 157309 Regel, L. (1971) [Acute Oral Toxicity Using Cutrine]: WA RF No. 1052198. Unpublished study prepared by WARF Institute, Inc. 2 p.

MRID: 165378 Regel, L. (1973) [Toxicity Data]: Black Algaetrine II: WARF No. 3083299. Unpublished study prepared by WARF Institute, Inc. 6 p.

## 90 of 106 MRID: 40923301 Doyle, R. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats--Median Le thal Dosage Determination: B. A.P.: Study No. 88-3279-21 (A). Unpublished study prepared by Hill Top Biolabs, Inc. 27 p.

MRID: 43079701 Shapiro, R. (1993) EPA Acute Oral Toxicity--Defined LD 50: Enhanced Cutrine Lot #90012: Lab Project Number: T-1961: 012/P321. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 27 p.

MRID: 43087801 Glaza, S. (1993) Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Lo-Chlor Pool Algicide in Rats: Final Re port: Lab Project Number: HWI 30302834. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Wisconsin, Inc. 44 p.

MRID: 43906601 Reagan, E. (1990) Acute Oral LD50 Study of MSA Algicide II in Sprague-Dawley Rats: La b Project Number: 90.0100.013. Unpublished study prepared by Food a nd Drug Research Labs. 78 p.

MRID: 45533205 Moore, G. (1998) Cutrine Ultra: Acute Oral Toxicity Define d (LD50): Lab Project Number: 6009. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 4 p.

MRID: 94090006 Mattern, J. (1990) Argent Chemical Labo ratories, Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 00145101. Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats. Prepared by Biomed Research Labs, Inc. 6 p.

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 58017 Applied Biochemists, Incorporated (1976) ?Copper Phytoxicity to Rice. (Compilation; unpublished study received Oct 22, 1976 under 8959-11; CDL:226389-A)

MRID: 99419 Applied Biochemists, Inc. (1974) Ricetrin e and Copper Sulfate Phytotoxicity to W ild Rice. (Compilation; unpublished study received Jan 8, 1975 under 8959-11; CDL:221100-A)

Copper 2-ethylhexanoate (hexanoic acid) (041201) – Cancelled

Copper etidronic acid complex (024404) – Cancelled

Copper dehydroabietyl ammonium 2- ethylhexanoate (041202) – Cancelled

Copper (EDTA) ethylenediaminetetaacetate (039105) – Unsupported

Copper linoleate (023303) – Cancelled

Copper oleate (023304) – Cancelled

Copper salts of the acids of fall oil (023103) – Cancelled

Cupric ferric subsulfate complex (042402) – Cancelled

Copper naphthenate (023102) – Antimicrobial uses only

Copper 8-quinolinolate (024002) – Antimicrobial uses only

Other Copper Compounds Copper octanoate (023306) Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 44192801 Barley, H. (1996) Acute Invertebrate T oxicity in the Daphnia magna: NEU 1140F Copper Soap: Lab Project Number: 9/737-01: WO 9600741. Unpublished study prepared by EV S Environmental Consultants. 42 p.

## 91 of 106 Copper ethanolamine complex (024409) Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 44045001 Graves, W.; Swigert, J. (1994) Clearigate: A 96-Hour Fl ow-Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 196A-104: 1944008V-L204: 196/041894/DAP-48H2/CHP69. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 68 p.

MRID: 44045002 Graves, W.; Swigert, J. (1994) Clearigate: A 96-Hour Flow -Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 196A -105: 1944008V-L204: 196/041894/DAP-48H2/CHP69. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 67 p.

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 44045003 Graves, W.; Swigert, J. (1994) Clearigate: A 48-Hour Flow-Thr ough Acute Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 196A-106: 1944008V-L204: 196/041894/DAP-48H2/CHP69. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 68 p.

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 43063402 Cerven, M. (1993) Single Dose Oral Toxi city in Rats/LD50 in Rats: AV-90 Plus Algaecide: Lab Project Number: MB 93-2323 A. Unpublished study prepared by MB Research Labs, Inc. 20 p.

MRID: 46688001 Allen, D. (1994) Copper Amine Complex: Ac ute Oral Toxicity Test in the Rat. Project Number: 577/17. Unpublished study prepared by Safepharm Laboratories, Ltd. 32 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 47750905 Oley, S. (2009) Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedur e in Rats: Black Algaetrine. Project Number: 26430, P320/UDP, 081104/1H. Unpublished study prepared by Euro fins-Product Safety Laboratories. 16 p.

Copper Compounds Not Listed in RED Copper as metallic (024405) Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 99207 WARF Institute, Incorporated (1971) Assay Report: ?Toxicity of Algimycin PLL to Bluegill and Rainbow Trout. (Unpublished study received Apr 23, 1971 under 7364-9; submitted by Great Lakes Biochemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.; CDL:020086-A)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 40819401 O'Meara, H. (1987) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Rat of No. 87-2034 Insecticidal Soap Lot No. Lab., Sample 11/11/87: Lab No. 87T-14875-00. Unpublished study prepared by Nort h American Science Asso ciates Inc. 7 p.

MRID: 45421102 Merkel, D. (2001) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats--L imit Test: Algimycin PWF: La b Project Number: 9901: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 14 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 45455602 Merkel, D. (2001) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats--Limit Test: Algimycin PL L-C: Lab Project Number: 9901. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 14 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

Guideline: 121-1 Phytotoxicity

MRID: 40819407 Nielsen, D.; Dunlap, M. (1987) Phytotoxi city on Selected Woody Or namentals: No. 87-2034 Inse cticidal Soap. Unpublished study prepared by Ohio State University. 6 p.

Copper thiocyanate (025602) Guideline: 71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID: 41845901 Cameron, B.; Hall, B.; Weir, A. (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: Dete rmination of Acute Toxicity (L D50) of a Test Material to Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: 7168. Unpublished study prepared by Invere sk Research International. 38 p.

## 92 of 106 MRID: 43476301 Bardyke Chemical Ltd. (1994) Cuprous Thio cyanate: Determination of Acute Toxicity LD50 of a Te st Material to Bobwhite Quail: Upgrade to Report 7168: Lab Project Number: 7168: 138 146. Unpublished study Prepared by Inveresk Research International. 5 p.

Guideline: 71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID: 41845902 Cameron, B.; Hall, B.; Weir, A. (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: De termination of the S hort Term Cumulative (Sub-acute) Toxicity of a Test Material to Bobwhite Quail Di et Administration: Lab Project Number: 7070. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 31 p.

MRID: 41845903 Cameron, B.; Hall, B.; Weir, A. (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: De termination of the S hort Term Cumulative (Sub-acute) Toxicity

of a Test Material to Mallard Ducks Diet Administration: Lab Project Number: 7070. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 28 p.

MRID: 43476302 Bardyke Chemical Ltd. (1994) Cuprous Thio cyanate: Determination of the Short Term Cumulative (Sub-Acute) Toxicity of a

Test Material to Bobwhite Quail--Diet Administration: Upgrade to Report 7043: Lab Project Number: 7043: 128151. Unpublished study prepared by Invere sk Research International. 5 p.

Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 41845904 Cameron, B.; Caley, C.; Chapleo, S.; et al (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: Determinati on of Acute Toxicity (LC50) to Bluegill Sunfish (96 h, Satic, Limit Test ): Lab Project Number: 5623. Unpublished study prepar ed by Inveresk Research International. 30

p.

MRID: 41845905 Cameron, B.; Caley, C.; Chapleo, S.; et al. (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: Determinati on of Acute Toxicity (LC50) to Rainbow Trout (96 h, Static): Lab Project Numb er: 5622. Unpublished study prepared by I nveresk Research International. 34 p.

MRID: 43476303 Bardyke Chemical Ltd. (1994) Cuprous Thiocy anate: Determination of Acut e Toxicity (LC50) to Bluegi ll Sunfish (96 H, Static, Limit Test: Upgrade to Report 5623: Lab Project Number: 5623: 127933. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 7 p.

MRID: 43476304 Bardyke Chemical Ltd. (1994) Cuprous Thiocy anate: Determination of Acut e Toxicity (LC50) to Rainbow Trout (96 H, Static): Upgrade to Report 5622: Lab Project Number : 5622: 137928. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 8

p.

Guideline: 72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID: 41845906 Cameron, B.; Caley, C.; Chapleo, S.; et al. (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: Determinati on of Acute Toxicity (LC50) to Daphnia (48 h Static): Lab Project Number: 137912: Report No. 5624. Unpublished st udy prepared by Inveresk Research International. 34 p.

MRID: 43476305 Bardyke Chemical Ltd. (1994) Cuprous Thio cyanate: Determination of Acute Toxici ty (LC50) to Daphnia (48 h, Static): Upgrade to Report 5624: Lab Project Number : 5624: 137912. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 8

p.

Guideline: 72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID: 41845907 Caley, C.; Cameron, B.; Chapleo, S.; et al. (1989) Cuprous thio cyanate: Determination of Acute Toxicity (LC50) to Juvenile Plaice (96 h, Static): Lab Project Numb er: 137954: 5621. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 40 p.

MRID: 41845908 Cameron, B.; Caley, C.; Chapleo, S.; et al. (1989) Cuprous thiocyanate: Determinat ion of Acute Toxicity (LC50) to Brown Shrimp (96 h, Static, Limit Test): Lab Project Number: 137949: 5620. Unpublis hed study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 34 p.

## 93 of 106 MRID: 43476306 Bardyke Chemical Ltd. (1994) Cuprous Thiocy anate: Determination of Acut e Toxicity (LC50) to Juveni le Plaixe (96 H, Static, Limit Test): Upgrade to Report 5621: La b Project Number: 5621: 127954. Unpublished st udy prepared by Inveresk Research International. 7 p.

MRID: 43476307 Bardyke Chemical Ltd (1994) Cuprous Thio cyanate: Estuarine/Marine Toxicity--Shr imp: Upgrade to Re port 5620: Lab Project Number: 5620: 137949. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 7 p.

Guideline: 72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/ Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID: 30732 Heitmuller, T. (1979) Acute Toxicity of Intersmooth Green Paint BFA043 to Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus): Report No. BP-79-4-43. (Unpublished study received on unknow n date under 2693-109; prepared by EG&G, Bionomics, submitted by International Paint Co., Union, N.J.; CDL:238852-A)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 86115 Phillips, B.M.; Stafford, C.L.; Paa, H. (1977) Report to International Paint Company In c.: Acute Toxicity Studies with G2 EX Bardike FMS 0500: IBT No. 8530-10840. (Unpublished study receiv ed Oct 5, 1977 under 2693-EX-1; prepared by Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., submitted by Intern ational Paint Co., Union, N.J.; CDL:233183-A)

MRID: 40616801 Kreuzmann, J. (1988) Acute Oral Toxicity Limit Test in Male and Fe male Rats: Copper Thiocyanate: Study No. 88-3028-21 (A). Unpublished study prepared by Hill Top Biolabs, Inc. 19 p.

MRID: 40834601 Cuthbert, J.; Carr, S. (1985) Cuprous Thio cyanate: Acute Oral and De rmal Toxicity Tests in Ra ts: IRI Project No. 234253. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research International. 18 p.

MRID: 44050602 Kuhn, J. (1990) XUU 560: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats : Lab Project Number: 7601-90. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 14 p.

MRID: 44521402 Kuhn, J. (1995) Acute Oral Toxicity Stud y in Rats: Micron 33-460 PB: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 2302-95: S9-FF81-1. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 20 p.

MRID: 45683401 Cerven, D. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity /LD 50 in Rats: (Superyacht 800 Antifoul ing-White): Lab Project Number: MB 02- 9909.01: 1000-01. Unpublished study prepared by MB Research Laboratories. 16 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 45940602 Moore, G. (2002) Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats--Defined LD50: Pettit Marine Paint Alum acoat SR Antifouling Paint: Lab Project Number: 12410: P320. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 24 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}

MRID: 94092001 Potter, T. (1990) Shepherd Chemical Company Phase 3 Summary of MRID 40616801. Acute Oral Toxic ity Limit Test in Rats of Copper Thiocyanate: Project No. 88-3028-21 (A). Pr epared by Hill Top Biolabs, Inc. 9 p.

MRID: 94093004 Galloway, F. (1990) K. J. O'Connor Associates Phase 3 Su mmary of MRID 40834601. Acute Oral Toxicity of Copper (l) Thiocyanate in the Rat: Project 234253. Prepared by Inveresk Research International Ltd. 7 p.

Guideline: 870.1100 Acute oral toxicity

MRID: 47543801 Smedley, J. (2008) An Acute Toxicity St udy of Test Article Aquaguard II Antifouli ng Spray Paint for Outdrive and Outboards Administered by the Oral (Gavage) Route to Rats (Up/Down Design): Fina l Report. Project Number: HDX00001, HXD1. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories, Inc. 38 p.

## 94 of 106 Copper silicate (024301) Guideline: 72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID: 99168 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish toxicity: ?Cut rine. (Unpublished study received Sep 16 , 1970 under 8959-1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Bi ochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:005661-F)

Guideline: 72-7 Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID: 99168 Vedder, D.L. (1970) Fish toxicity: ?Cut rine. (Unpublished study received Sep 16 , 1970 under 8959-1; prepared by Marine Biochemists, Inc., submitted by Applied Bi ochemists, Inc., Mequon, Wis.; CDL:005661-F)

Guideline: 81-1 Acute oral toxicity in rats

MRID: 45670305 Moore, G. (2001) Copper Silicate Solution--2 .8 g/L Cu: Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats--Limit Test: Lab Project Number: 10947. Unpublished study prepared by Pr oduct Safety Labs. 16 p. {OPPTS 870.1100}95 of 106Appendix A. Copper Fate Studiesand Application InformationAppendix Table A-1. Registrant-Submitted Fate Data Available for AssessmentMRID (PC Code1)DER Available?Study ClassificationNeed Additional DER?Basis for RecommendationCommentGuideline: 161-1 Hydrolysis00099665 (Copper triethanolaminecomplex – Antimicrobial usesonly)No Unacceptable NoEntire document is 1 page only(appears to concern degradationin sewage).Illegible.41845909 (Copper thiocyanate –Antimicrobial uses only)NoStable tohydrolysis inbuffers with pHvalues of 4, 7 and9 for the durationof the study (136hours) at 50oC.42899001 (Copper 8-hydroxyquinoline – Antimicrobial usesonly)Yes Marginally Acceptable No DER in document R2078999Stable in pH 5, 7,and 9 buffersolution.Guideline: 161-3 Photodegradation in soil00099530 (Uncertain – illegible) No Journal article00099541 (Uncertain – illegible) No Journal article00099542 (Uncertain – illegible) NoConferenceproceedings articleGuideline: 162-1 Aerobic soil metabolism47757601 (Basic copper carbonate) NoCopper does not appear in thisdocument - Aerobic SoilMetabolism of [14C]Polymericbetaine (PB)Guideline: 162-4 Aerobic aquatic metabolism43931101 (Copper triethanolaminecomplex – Antimicrobial usesonly)No44127508 (CopperEthylenediamine Complex)NoGuideline: 163-1 Leaching, adsorption, or desorption00099262 (Basic copper sulfate) Yes Supplemental No DER in document R200339196 of 106MRID (PC Code1)DER Available?Study ClassificationNeed Additional DER?Basis for RecommendationComment00099542 (Uncertain) NoConcerns copperin FL soils as anutrient.45572701 (Antifoulant paint) NoAntifoulant paintleach rate.45572702 (Antifoulant paint) NoAntifoulant paintleach rate.Guideline: 164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation00099538 (Uncertain) NoCopperaccumulation insoil (12.1 ppm peryear)41003801 (Total copper) Yes Supplemental NoTotal coppermeasurements insoil41003802 (Total copper) Yes Supplemental NoMethod validationreport41003803 (Copper Sulfate) Yes Supplemental NoDER in document R2003404Soil accumulatedcopper did notappear to harmcrops.41116801 (Basic copper sulfate) Yes Supplemental No DER in document R2074025Guideline: 164-2 Aquatic field dissipation00038640 (Dicop = diquat +copper?)NoCopperconcentrations inwater00062074 (Copper sulfate) No DER in document R2003389Half-life inflowing water ~ 3days00099143 (Copper sulfate) No00099343 (Copper sulfate) No00099347 (Copper sulfate) No00099539 (Copper sulfate) Yes Supplemental No DER in document R2003395 Cranberry bogs40968201 (Total Copper, cupricion)Yes Supplemental NoMethod validationreport41003804 (Total copper, dissolvedcopper)Yes Supplemental NoDER in document R200340441189001 (Copper sulfate) Yes Supplemental No DER in document R200338897 of 106MRID (PC Code1)DER Available?Study ClassificationNeed Additional DER?Basis for RecommendationComment94088002 (Copper sulfate) No94091002 (Copper sulfate) NoGuideline: 165-0 Accumulation Studies -General00070296 (Copper sulfate) No00116455 (Illegible) No00099573 (Copper from mining) NoGuideline: 165-1 Bioaccumulation00099514 (Copper sulfate) Yes Supplemental No DER in document R2003390Appendix Table A-2. Copper Label Application Rateand Minimum Re-Treatment Interval RequirementsCropMaximum perApplication Rate(lbs Cu2+/A)1Maximum AnnualRate (lbs Cu2+/A)2Minimum Re-treatmentInterval3NotesTREE FRUITFall, late dormant 8.0n/a(only 1 applicationper season permitted)Between silver-tip andgreen-tip6.0n/a(only 1 applicationper season permitted)Pome Fruit (apple,loquat, pear, quince)Bloom, growing season 1.516.05 daysAtemoya, Sugar Apple (Annona) 3.15 12.6 7 daysAvocado 3.15 18.9 14 daysBanana 1.05 18.9 7 daysCarambola 2.1 10.5 7 daysCherimoya (custard apple) 2.1 8.4 14 daysCitrus (citron, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon,orange, pummelo, tangelo, tangerine, lime)3.15 12.6 7 daysGuava 1.23 4.92 7 daysMamey Sapote 2.1 8.4 14 daysMango 3.2 48.0 7 daysOlive 6.0 18.0 30 daysPapaya 2.63 21.2 7 daysPersimmon 1.0 6.0 14 daysStone Fruit (apricot,cherry, nectarine,Dormant, late dormant,up to pink bud8.018.07 days98 of 106CropMaximum perApplication Rate(lbs Cu2+/A)1Maximum AnnualRate (lbs Cu2+/A)2Minimum Re-treatmentInterval3Notespeach, plum, prune) Bloom/ growing season 1.5 5 daysTREE NUTSDormant, late dormant 8.0 7 daysAlmondBloom/ growing season 1.518.05 daysBetel Nut (Guam) 0.75 8.25 7 daysCacao 2.25 15.75 14 daysChestnut 2.1 8.4 14 daysCoffee 2.1 12.6 14 daysFilbert 6.0 24 14 daysPermitted only in Washington State andOregonLitchi 1.23 4.92 7 daysMacadamia 2.36 9.44 7 daysNutmeg 2.1 8.4 14 daysPecan, Pistachio 2.1 8.4 14 daysWalnut 4.0 32.0 7 daysFIELD CROPSAlfalfa 0.53 1.12 30 daysCereal Grains (barley,millet, oat, rye,sorghum, wheat)0.53 1.06 10 daysClover 0.53 4.74 7 daysCorn (Field Corn, Popcorn, Sweet Corn) 1.05 4.2 7 daysPeanut 0.79 4.74 7 daysPotato 2.5 25 5 daysSoybean 0.79 4.74 7daysSugar Beet 1.31 7.86 10 daysSugarcane 0.53 1.06 10 daysTobacco 2.0 8.0 10 daysSMALL FRUITSBrambles (aurora, blackberry, boysen,cascasde, chehalem, dewberry, logan, marion,raspberry, santiam, thornless evergreen)2.0 10.0 7 daysBlueberry 2.1 8.4 7 daysCranberry 2.1 12.6 7 daysCurrant, Gooseberry (Ribes) 4.0 16.0 10 days1.5Strawberry1.08.19 7 days99 of 106CropMaximum perApplication Rate(lbs Cu2+/A)1Maximum AnnualRate (lbs Cu2+/A)2Minimum Re-treatmentInterval3NotesVEGETABLEArtichoke 0.53 2.65 7 daysAsparagus 1.0 5.0 10 daysBean (Dry, Green) 0.79 4.74 7 daysBeet (Table Beet, Beet Greens) 1.31 7.86 10 daysCarrot 1.0 5.0 7 daysCelery, Celeriac 1.0 5.3 7 daysChard 0.79 3.95 7 daysCrucifers (broccoli, brussel sprout, cabbage,cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard greens,kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, turnip greens)0.53 2.65 7 daysCucurbits (cantaloupe, casaba, chayote, citronmelon, cucumber, gourd, honeydew,muskmelon, pumpkin, squash (summer andwinter), watermelon, waxgourd)1.05 5.25 5 daysEggplant 0.79 7.9 7 daysGarlic 1.0 6.0 7 daysLeek 1.0 6.0 7 daysLettuce (endive, escarole) 1.0 8.0 5 daysOkra 1.05 5.25 5 daysOnion 1.0 6.0 7 daysPea 0.79 3.95 7 daysPepper (bell, chili) 0.79 11.85 3 daysRadish 1.31 7.86 10 daysRhubarb 0.79 3.95 7 daysRutabaga 1.31 7.86 10 daysShallot 1.0 6.0 7 daysSpinach 0.79 3.95 7 daysTomato (processing) 0.53 17.4 3 daysTomato (fresh market) 1.6 8.0 3 daysTurnip 1.31 7.86 10 daysWatercress 0.53 2.12 7 daysVINESGrape 3.0 20.0 3 daysHops 0.53 2.65 10 daysKiwi 2.1 6.3 30 days100 of 106CropMaximum perApplication Rate(lbs Cu2+/A)1Maximum AnnualRate (lbs Cu2+/A)2Minimum Re-treatmentInterval3NotesPassion Fruit 2.36 9.44 7 daysMISCELLANEOUSChicory 1.31 7.86 10 daysChives 0.53 2.65 7 daysCinnamon 3.15 18.9 14 daysCoriander 0.53 2.65 10 daysDill 0.79 3.95 7 daysGinseng 1.05 5.25 7 daysMint 0.53 2.65 10 daysParsley 1.0 2.0 10 daysRosemary 0.53 2.65 10 daysTurfgrass 3.0 21.0 10 daysORNAMENTALSLilies, Easter 2.5 75.0 7 daysMaximum pounds of metallic copperwhich may be applied in a 12 monthperiod. Do not apply any additionalcopper pesticide to this land for 36months.All Other Ornamentals 2.0 20.0 7 daysDIRECT AQUATIC RATESSewer Line Treatment 0.5 lbs. 2.0 lbs. 6 monthsAlgae, cyanobacteria,aquatic weeds (Elodeaspp., hydrilla, Potamogeton spp., irrigationcanal weed, annual naiads) for all aquaticapplication sites1 part per million(ppm)n/a 14 daysNo more than 1⁄2 of the water body maybe treated at one time. If the treatedwater is to be used as a source of potablewater, the metallic copper concentrationmust not exceed 1 ppm.Schistosome-infected freshwater snail control 1.5 ppm n/a n/aAlgae control in aquaculture when fish arepresent0.4 ppm n/a n/aTadpole shrimp in rice fields 2.5 ppm n/a n/aLeech control 1.5 ppm n/a n/a1Maximum pounds of metallic copper which may beapplied to an acre for each application.Product labels must also include application ratesdescribed in liquid units or pounds of total product.2Maximum amount of metallic copper which maybe applied to an acre each calendar year. Lower single application rates at higherapplicationfrequencies may be used.3Minimum number of days between each application.

## 101 of 106 Appendix B. Data Call-In Tables

Guideline Number: 850.2100 Study Title: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test Rationale for Requiring the Data Acceptable acute avian oral toxi city data were submitted for e xposures of bobwhite quail to copper; however, data are not available for a passerine species, whic h are now required under the 40 CFR Part 158 (CFR 40 2007) data requireme nts for conventional pesticides. The Part 158 data requirements specify that acute avian oral toxicity data be submitted for either mallard duck or bobwhite quail AND a passerine sp ecies. Therefore, an avian oral toxicity test is required for passerine birds, as specified in OPPTS Guideline 850.2100 ( http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/ publications/OPPTS_Harmonized /850_Ecological_Effects_Test _Guidelines/Drafts/850-2100.pdf ). A passerine study protocol must be submitted for review by the Agency prior to initiation of this study. Practical Utility of the Data

How will the data be used? Acute avian oral toxicity data for passerine speci es will be used to refine the screening-level assessment by determining whether there are differe nces in avian species sensitivity to copper between passerines and upland game species. The currently submitted data indicate that copper is moderately toxic to birds on an acute oral and sub-acute di etary exposure basis; however, the extent to which toxicity may o ccur in passerines is unknown. If oral acute toxicity data are not submitted for passerines, risk will be assumed for all passerine species.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? If future endangered species risk assessments are performed without th ese data, the Agency would have to assume that copper “may affect” birds directly (and listed species from other taxa indirectly), and use of copper may need to be restricted in areas where listed species could be exposed. The lack of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the Enda ngered Species Act and could result in use restrictions for copper whic h are unnecessarily severe.

## 102 of 106 Guideline Number: 850.4100 Study Title: Terrestrial plan t seedling emergence (Tier I) Rationale for Requiring the Data For terrestrial plants, guideline vegetative vigo r studies were not avai lable; however, related studies were located in the open literature. No studies are available that documented copper toxicity at seedling stage of the terrestr ial plants. Based on th e 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements, Tier I level terrest rial plant data are required for all pesticides with terrestrial and aquatic uses. In addition, available data fo r copper shows two incident reports for plants. Therefore, this data gap must be filled, and data non-target terrestrial plant seedling emergence data (OPPTS Guidelines 850.4100) are required for copper at the Tier I level. In the absence of Tier I data, OPP will assume risk to te rrestrial plants at seedling stage. Practical Utility of the Data

How will the data be used? Data from Tier I terrestrial plant seedling emer gence toxicity studies will be used to estimate potential risks to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants associated with the use of copper. The data

will reduce uncertainties associated with the current risk assessment for terrestrial and semiaquatic plants and will improve the Agency’s un derstanding of the potential effects of copper on terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants. In the abse nce of Tier I data, ri sks for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants will be presumed.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? Because terrestrial and semi-aqua tic plants form the basis of the food chain for terrestrial habitats, comprise riparian habitat which play s a key role in water quality, and significantly

contribute to habitat inte grity including critical habitat for listed species, an understanding of the potential risks to te rrestrial and semi-aquatic plants is essential for sound environmental risk management decision-making. Without terr estrial plant data for copper, the Agency

cannot determine if the current a pplication rates of copper may resu lt in direct adverse effects to terrestrial plants and/ or indirect effects resulting from re duction in the prey base and/or loss

of habitat/cover. If future endangered species risk assessmen ts are performed without these data, the Agency would have to assume that copper “may affect” terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants directly (and listed species from other taxa indirectly vi a reduction in prey base and/or habitat), and use of copper may need to be rest ricted in areas where listed species could be exposed. The lack of these data will limit the fl exibility the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the Endangered Specie s Act and could result in use restrictions for copper which are unnecessarily severe.

## 103 of 106 Guideline Number: 850.6800 Study Title: Modified Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Rationale for Requiring the Data The modified activated sludge, respiration inhib ition test is needed to identify whether this pesticide could harm micr oorganisms found in bi ological wastewater tr eatment systems and to

enable EPA to establish correct concentrations for use in the ready biodegradability test. These data are key to conducting environmental fate assessment and to determining the potential exposure of copper oxide to waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) (via effects on WWTP microbes). Practical Utility of the Data

1. How will the data be used?

EPA will use the data to determin e the potential of copper oxide to directly harm the non-target organisms and/or to microbial treatment processe s present in a WWTP and to determine suitable non-inhibitory concentrations of copper oxide to be used in biodegradability tests.

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? If future endangered species risk assessments ar e performed without these data, the Agency would have to assume that copper oxide “may affect ” non-target organisms residing down stream from WWTP plants. The lack of these data will limit th e flexibility the Agency in their risk assessment

process.

## 104 of 106 Guideline Number: 835.1110 Study Title: Activated Sludge Sorption Isotherm Rationale for Requiring the Data Data from this study are needed to dete rmine the sorption potential of activated sludge for the removal of specific chemical co mpounds in biological wastewater treatme nt plants (WWTPs). If copper oxide is not sorbed or biodegraded then, it would pass through a biological treatment

system unaffected and it may contaminate surface and drinking waters and also may have potential adverse effects to non

- target organisms. EPA needs activated sl udge sorption study

data to assess the distribution of the antimicrobi al among the solid, aque ous, and va por phases

of WWTPs.

. Practical Utility of the Data

1. How will the data be used?

EPA will use the data to assess the distribution of copper oxide between the sludge and aqueous phases. If the data were to indicate that a dow n-the-drain chemical woul d partition to sludge, soil, or sediment, then higher-tiered e nvironmental fate studies such as the aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism studies may be required. If the chemical would partition to wa ter then higher-tiered ecotoxicity studies such as the fish early life st age may be required. Thus, the higher-tie red studies that could be triggered include both the environmental fate and ecotoxicity scientific disciplines.

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? If future endangered species risk assessments ar e performed without these data, the Agency would have to assume that copper oxide “may affect” non-target organisms directly (and listed species indirectly), and use of copper oxide may need to be restricted in areas wh ere listed species could be exposed. The lack of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the Endangered Species Act and could result in use restrictions for copper oxide which are unnecessarily severe.

## 105 of 106 Guideline Number: AWPA E11-06 Study Title: Aquatic leaching study fo r wood preservatives (Special Study)

Guideline Number: AWPA E20-06 Study Title: Leachability of Wood Preservat ives in Soil Contact (Special Study) Rationale for Requiring the Data

The results from the wood preservative leachi ng study would allow measurement of the leaching

rate of copper oxide from treated wood windows, door s, and engineered components used in construction application where decay resistan ce is necessary. The purpose is to provide information on relative permanency of wood preservatives. The method is designed for waterborne preservatives and may not be applicable to other types of preservatives. For outdoor wood preservative uses, copper oxide can reach su rface water through direct contact or discharge to WWTPs. Copper oxide can also reach surface wa ter or groundwater through run-off or leaching processes. If copper oxide is leached from wood rapidly, then it may contaminate surface and drinking waters and also have potential adverse effects to non

- target organisms and the aquatic environment. The Agency will evaluate the potential risks of concern.

The Agency used a screening level model to asse ss potential exposures from wood preservative

uses. The model has inherent uncertainties and li mitations which may result in inaccurate exposure estimations. Therefore, the wood leaching rate data are required to conduct an environmental risk

assessment. Practical Utility of the Data

1. How will the data be used?

EPA will use the data to conduct the ecological effects and envir onmental fate assessments to determine the leachability of wood preservatives expressed as a percentage of the original preservative retention and to determine whethe r the ion levels in th e leachate would be of toxicological concern. The amount of preservativ e leached is expressed as the ratio of the preservative contained in the leachate to the total preservative present.

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? This data is necessary for the Agency to accura tely estimate potential environmental exposures and risks without which the Agency would assume the highest available leaching, resulting in the highest levels of environmental e xposure and risk. Thus, the lack of these data could result in use restrictions for copper oxide which are unnecessar ily severe. Determination of appropriate risk mitigation measures is dependent on the results of these data.

If future endangered species risk assessments ar e performed without these data, the Agency would have to assume that copper oxide “may affect ” non-target organisms directly (and endangered species indirectly), and use of copper oxide may n eed to be restricted in areas where endangered species could be exposed.

By refining the assessment, the Agency would be able to determine whether the mitigation imposed as part of the registration review pr ocess was appropriate for copper oxide. The data

evaluation could result in either additional or reduced environmental risk mitigation measures.

## 106 of 106 Guideline Number: Special Study Study Title: Leachability of Copper oxide from Roofing Shingles Rationale for Requiring the Data

Studies are needed to conduct e nvironmental fate and ecological effects assessments and to determine the leachability of copper oxide e xpressed as a percenta ge of the original preservative retention; and to confirm that ion levels in the leachate would be of no toxicological concern. Practical Utility of the Data

2. How will the data be used?

EPA will use the data to determine the leachabil ity of copper oxide expressed as a percentage of the original preserva tive retention. The amount of preser vative leached is expressed as the ratio of the preservative contained in the le achate to the total preservative present. Study provides data to assess the environmental leachin g characteristic of shingles impregnated or coated with copper oxide.

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? If future endangered species risk assessments are performed without th ese data, the Agency would have to assume that copper oxide “may affect” non-target organisms directly (and endangered species indirectly), and use of copper oxide may need to be restricted in areas where endangered species could be exposed. The l ack of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have in coming into co mpliance with the Endangered Species Act and could result in use restrictions for copp er oxide which are unnecessarily severe.

Also, extrapolating risk conc lusions used in the environmental modeling may either underestimate or overestimate potential exposure s and risks. Such leaching data would be useful in refining the preliminary risk asse ssment and determining whether the Agency’s assessment is an accurate estimation of poten tial exposures and risks. Risk mitigation measures may also be impacted by the results of these data.

By refining the assessment, the Agency would be able to determine whether the mitigation imposed as part of the registration review pr ocess was appropriate for copper oxide. The data

evaluation could result in additional or reduc ed environmental risk mitigation measures.