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[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. Con. Res. 25 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

104th CONGRESS
  1st Session
S. CON. RES. 25

   Concerning the protection and continued viability of the Eastern 
                   Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

               August 11 (legislative day, July 10), 1995

    Ms. Snowe (for herself, Ms. Moseley-Braun, Mr. D'Amato, and Mr. 
  Sarbanes) submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was 
             referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                         CONCURRENT RESOLUTION

 
   Concerning the protection and continued viability of the Eastern 
                   Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Whereas the Ecumenical Patriarchate is the spiritual center for more than 
        250,000,000 Orthodox Christians worldwide, including approximately 
        5,000,000 in the United States;
Whereas in recent years there have been successive terrorist attempts to 
        desecrate and destroy the premises of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the 
        Fanar area of Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey;
Whereas attempts against the Ecumenical Patriarchate have intensified, including 
        the following attempts:
            (1) In July and August 1993, the Christian Orthodox cemetery in 
        Yenikoy, near Istanbul, was attacked by vandals and desecrated.
            (2) There has been a concerted effort throughout Turkey to convert 
        the Church of Hagia (Saint) Sophia, one of the most sacred monuments of 
        Greek Orthodox Christianity and currently used as a museum, into a 
        mosque.
            (3) On the night of March 30, 1994, 3 bombs were discovered in the 
        building where the Patriarch lives.
            (4) The Turkish press and some politicians have been launching a 
        well-orchestrated campaign against the Ecumenical Patriarchate accusing 
        it of trying to become an independent state or wishing to revive the 
        Byzantine Empire. These accusations resulted in provoking dangerous 
        reactions among the Moslem population in Turkey against the Ecumenical 
        Patriarchate.
            (5) Negative statements have been directed toward the Patriarchate 
        by the Mayor of the Fatih District of Istanbul.
Whereas His All Holiness Patriarch Bartholomew and those associated with the 
        Ecumenical Patriarchate are Turkish citizens and thus must be protected 
        under Turkish law against blatant and unprovoked attacks toward ethnic 
        minorities;
Whereas the Turkish Government arbitrarily closed the Halki Patriarchal School 
        of Theology in 1971;
Whereas the closing of the Halki School of Theology is a serious concern for the 
        Ecumenical Patriarchate;
Whereas Turkish law requires that the Patriarch, as well as all the clergy, 
        faculty, and students be citizens of Turkey, and the Halki School of 
        Theology is the only educational institution for Orthodox Christian 
        leadership;
Whereas the unimpeded continued provocations against the Ecumenical Patriarchate 
        and the closing of the Halki School of Theology are in violation of 
        international treaties to which Turkey is a signatory, including the 
        Treaty of Lausanne, the 1968 Protocol, the Helsinki Final Act-1975, the 
        Charter of Paris, and the United Nations Charter;
Whereas these actions have severely compromised and threatened the safety and 
        security of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the future existence of this 
        Orthodox Institution in Turkey; and
Whereas it is in the best interest of the United States to prevent further 
        incidents regarding the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the spiritual leader of 
        millions of American citizens, and in the overall goals of the United 
        States to establish peaceful relations with and among the many important 
        nations of the world that have substantial Orthodox Christian 
        populations: Now, therefore, be it
    Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), 
That it is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) the United States should use its influence with the 
        Turkish Government and as a permanent member of the United 
        Nations Security Council to suggest that the Turkish 
        Government--
                    (A) ensure the proper protection for the 
                Patriarchate and all Orthodox faithful residing in 
                Turkey;
                    (B) assure that positive steps are taken to reopen 
                the Halki Patriarchal School of Theology;
                    (C) provide for the proper protection and safety of 
                the Ecumenical Patriarch and the Patriarchate 
                personnel;
                    (D) establish conditions that would prevent the 
                recurrence of past terrorist activities and vandalism 
                and other personal threats against the Patriarch;
                    (E) establish conditions to ensure that the 
                Patriarchate is free to carry out its religious 
                mission; and
                    (F) do everything possible to find and punish the 
                perpetrators of any provocative and terrorist acts 
                against the Patriarchate.
            (2) The President should report on an annual basis to the 
        Congress regarding the status and progress of the concerns 
        expressed in paragraph (1).
                                 <all>
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