November 7, 2015 ' ' ' 

Thomas I . -- L. Mahood 

17 Urbino 

Irvine, CA 92620 

(714) 730-4126 

Tmahood@cox.net 

·~ '; • " 1 n :.J -:>: ') l ........ - I 1 • - ._. 

U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations 

West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140 

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE 

Washington, OC 20590 

Subject: Exemption Request Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Reform Act and Part 11 of 

the Federal Aviation Regulations. 

Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 and 14CFRPart 

11, Thomas L. Mahood (Applicant), an operator of small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), 

hereby applies for an exemption from the Federal Aviation Regulations listed below to allow 

commercial and research operation of a small UAS, so long as such operations are conducted 

within and under the conditions outlined herein or as may be established by the FAA as 

required by Section 333. 

Specific FAA Regulations From Which Exemption Is Requested: 

• 14C.F.R. Part 21 subpart H; 

• 14 C.F.R. 61.23(a)&(c); 

• 14C.F.R.61.113(a); 

• 14C.F.R. 91.7(a); 

• 14C.F.R. 91.119(c); 

• 14C.F.R. 91.121; 

• 14C.F.R. 91.151(b); 

• 14 C.F.R. 91.405(a); 

• 14C.F.R. 91.407(a)(1); 

• 14C.F.R. 91.409(a)(1)&(2); 

• 14C.F.R. 91.417(a)&(b); 

Detailed justification for each requested regulation exemption: 

14C.F.R. Part 21. Subpart H: Airworthiness Certificates. 

SJbpart H, entitled Airworthiness Certificates, establishes the procedural requirements for 

the issuance of airworthiness certificates as required by FAR §91.203(a)(1 ). Given the size and 

limited operating area associated with the aircraft proposed by the Applicant, an exemption 

from Part 21 Subpart H meets the requirements of an equivalent level of safety under Part 11 

Page 1 of 7 

Mahood- FAR Section 333 Exemption Request 
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and Section 333 of the Reform Act. The Federal Aviation Act (49 U.S.C.§44701(f}) and Section 

333 of the Reform Act both authorize the FAA to exempt certain aircraft (such as small U.AS) 

from the requirement for an airworthiness certificate, upon oonsideration of the size, weight, 

speed, operational capability of the particular aircraft. In all cases, an analysis of these 

criteria demonstrates that a small U.AS operated without an airworthiness certificate, in the 

restricted environment and under the oonditions proposed, will be at least as safe, or safer, 

than a oonventional aircraft (fixed wing or rotorcraft) operating with an airworthiness 

certificate without the restrictions and oonditions proposed. The small U.AS proposed to be 

operated under this exemption is less than 55 pounds fully loaded, carries neither a pilot nor 

passenger, carries no explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, and operates exclusively 

within a secured and designated area. Unlike other civil aircraft, operations under this 

exemption will be tightly oontrolled and monitored by the operator and in oompliance with 

local public safety requirements. These enhancements provide a greater degree of safety to 

the public and property owners than oonventional operationsoonducted with airworthiness 

certificates issued under 14C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Lastly, application of these same criteria 

demonstrates that there is no credible threat to national security posed by the small U.AS, 

due to its size, speed of operation, location of operation, lack of explosive materials or 

flammable liquid fuels, and inability to carry a substantial external load. 

14 a=R § 61.23(a)&(c)- Medical Certificates: Requirement and Duration. 

This section puts forth the requirements for medical certificates to be held by pilots of 

various license classifications. Due to the inherent low risk operation of small U.AS, the FAA is 

no longer requiring medical certificates for their specific operation. 

14C.F.R. §61.113(al: Private Pilot Privileges and limitations: Pilot in Command. 

Pursuant to 14 a=R 61.113(a) no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot 

in oommand (P~) of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or 

hire. Because the small UAS will not carry a pilot or passengers, the proposed operations can 

achieve the equivalent level of safety of current operations by requiring the P~ to be an 

experienced aviator with a detailed knowledge of the National Airspace System. The FAA has 

acknowledged in prior grants of exemption under Section 333 that a oommercial pilot's 

certificate was not neoessary to operate a small U.AS, and deemed that a Sport Pilot or 

Recreational Pilot certificate was adequate to address the FAA's requirement the P~ possess 

the requisite training and understanding of the National Airspace System, to ensure that the 

P~ is registered with the FAA, and that the flight operation will not pose a risk to national 

security. 

14 C.F.R. §91. 7(al: Civil Aircraft Airworthiness. 

The regulation requires that no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in airworthy 

oondition. As there will be no airworthiness certificate issued for the small UAS, should this 

exemption be granted, no FAA regulatory standard will exist for determining airworthiness. 

Given the size of the aircraft for maintenance and use of safety checklists prior to each flight 

an equivalent level of safety will be provided. 

14 C.F.R. §91.119(c): Minimum Safe Altitudes Oler Other Than Congested Areas. 

Sa::tion 91.119(c) establishes minimum safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft as well as 

minimum personnel or property separation distances. As this exemption is for a small U.AS 

and the exemption requests authority to operate at altitudes only up to 400 AG...an 

Page 2 of7 

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..... 
exemption is needed to allow such operations. As set forth herein, the small UPS will never 

operate at higher than 400 AQ... It will however be operated in a restricted area with security 

perimeter, where buildings and people will not be exposed to operations without their 

preobtained consent. The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the small size, low 

weight and speed of the small UPS as well as the location where it is operated. No flight will 

be taken without the permission of the property owner or local officials. Because of the 

advance notice to the property owner and any participants in the flight operations, all 

affected individuals will be aware of the planned flight operations. Compared to flight 

operations with aircraft or rotorcraft weighting far more than the maximum 55 pounds 

proposed herein and the lack of flammable fuel, any risk associated with these operations is 

far less than those presently presented with conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 

AG.... In addition, the low-altitude operations of the small UPS will ensure separation between 

these small UPS operations and the operations of conventional aircraft that must comply 

with Section 91.119. 

14 C.F.R. §91.121 Altimeter Settings. 

This regulation requires each person operating an aircraft to maintain cruising altitude by 

reference to an altimeter that is set " ... to the elevation of the departure airport or an 

appropriate altimeter setting available before departure." The small UPS proposed under this 

requested exemption contain both barometric pressure sensors and GPSaltimeters which 

automatically set the AG...altitude to zero prior to take off, rather than barometric pressure 

or field elevation. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved by the PC, pursuant to the 

safety check list and live flight data monitoring, confirming the altitude of the launch site 

shown on the GPSaltitude indicator before initiating any flight. 

14C.F.R. § 91.151(b): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFRConditions. 

Section 91.151 (b) prohibits an individual from beginning "a flight in a rotorcraft under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to 

fly to the first point of intended landing, and, assuming normal cruising speed to fly after that 

for at least 20 minutes". The battery powering the small UPS provides approximately a 

maximum of 30 minutes of powered flight. To meet the 20 minute rotorcraft reserve 

requirement in 14CFR§91.151 (b), small UPS flights would be limited to approximately 10 

minutes in length. Given the limitations on the small UPS's proposed flight area and the 

location of its proposed operations within a predetermined area, a longer time frame for 

flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. The Applicant believes an exemption from 14 

CFR §91.151 (b) falls within the scope of prior exemptions. Operating the small UPS, in a 

tightly controlled area where only people and property owners or official representatives 

who have signed waivers will be allowed, with less than 20 minutes of reserve fuel, does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(b) was intended to alleviate given the size and 

speed of the small UPS. Additionally, limiting small UPS flights to 10 minutes would greatly 

reduce the utility for which the exemption might be granted. The Applicant believes that an 

equivalent level of safety can be achieved by limiting flights to 30 minutes or 25% of battery 

power reserve, whichever happens first. This restriction would be more than adequate to 

return the small UPS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its limited operating area. 

14C.FR. §91.405(a); 407(a){1); 409(a)(1)&(2); 417(a)&(b): Maintenance Inspections. 

These regulations require an aircraft operator or owner "shall have that aircraft inspected as 

prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as 

Page 3 of7 

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provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 

of this chapter ... , " and others shall inspect or maintain the aircraft in compliance with Part 

43. Given that these sections and Part 43 apply only to aircraft with an airworthiness 

certificate, these sections do not apply to the small U~ proposed. Maintenance will be 

aocomplished by the operator pursuant to the flight manual and operating handbook. An 

equivalent level of safety will be achieved because these small UftSs are very limited in size 

and will carry a small payload and operate only in restricted areas for limited periods of time. 

If mechanical issues arise the small U~can land immediately and will be operating from no 

higher than 400 feet AG... The operator will ensure that the small U~ is in working order 

prior to initiating flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance 

performed. Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and best 

suited to maintain the aircraft in an airworthy condition to provide the equivalent level of 

safety. 

Maintenance Of An Equivalent Level Of Safety 

The following operational limitations are proposed for an equivalent or higher level of safety 

over that of the utilization of conventional, full-sized aircraft. These limitations and 

conditions to which the applicant agrees to adhere to when conducting commercial 

operations under any FAA issued exemption: 

1. The small ~will weigh less than 55 lbs. 

2. Flights will be operated within visual line of sight of a pilot and/or observer, during 

daylight hours only and under visual meteorological conditions. 

3. Maximum flight time for each operational flight will be 30 minutes. Flights will be 

terminated at 25% battery power reserve or 30 minutes of flight time whichever 

occurs first. The small U~ will output telemetry data to the PC for determination of 

battery power reserve and other necessary flight parameters. 

4. Flights will be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet Above Ground Level. 

5. Minimum crew for each flight operation will consist of the small U~ PC and a VISual 

Observer (VO). 

6. The PC will possess a Private Pilot's license or greater. 

7. A briefing will be performed regarding the planned small U~ operations prior to each 

day's flight(s) with all persons affected. 

8. The PC will obtain verbal/written consent of all persons involved with any planned 

flight operation and ensure that only consenting persons will be allowed within 100 

feet of the flight operation, and the radius may be reduced to 30 feet based upon an 

equivalent level of safety determination. 

Page 4 of 7 

Mahood- FAR Section 333 Exemption Request 
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9. The PIC will have been fully trained in and familiar with the operation of the small UPS 

being used and will be able to demonstrate upon request the competent ability to 

operate the small UPS. 

10. A preflight inspection will be performed prior to each flight to assure the small UPS is 

safe for flight. A postflight inspection will also be performed as an added level of 

safety. A complete aircraft check will also ocx::ur after every two hours of flight. 

11. A written log will be maintained of all small UPS flight activity, including inspections, 

maintenance and replarernent of critical components. 

12. The PIC and VO will be able to communicate by voice or verbal radio. 

13. Written and/or verbal permission and permits will be obtained from territorial, state, 

county or city jurisdictions, including law enforcement, fire or other appropriate 

governmental agencies when needed. 

14. If the small UPS loses control link communications it will possess the ability to 

immediately return to its launch point and land under its own autonomous control. If 

the small UPS loses its GFSsignal it will immediately begin a gradual landing descent 

unless otherwise overridden by the manual control of the PIC. 

15. The small UPS will carry a small radio tracking device to quickly locate the aircraft 

should it be required to land in an unplanned location. 

16. The small UPS will be able to quickly abort a flight and land immediately in the event 

of unexpected obstacles, weather, or emergencies. 

17. The small UPS will not be operated outside the limits of the United States of America. 

The Public Interest In The Granting Of This Exemption 

The operation of small UPS is much less invasive and environmentally disruptive than 

conventional aircraft since the small UPS, is much smaller, and propulsion is achieved by 

quiet and pollution-free electric motors. Further, since small UPS are highly maneuverable 

and efficient, they can operate safely at very low altitudes. Therefore many routine aerial 

operations may be performed by commercial UPS at much lower risk than if conventional 

aircraft were used, thus enhancing the safety of nearby persons and property as well as other 

users of the National Airspace~tem. 

Operation of a small UAS is typically far more economical than that of a conventional aircraft. 

This provides for the availability of aerial products (photographs, video, surveys, etc) to the 

general public at much lower cost, increasing a<msSibility. 

Operation of a small UAS in support of scientific research projects can provide extensive 

visual and mapping data at minimal cost, with virtually no impact to sensitive sites. 

Page 5 of7 

Mahood- FAR Section 333 Exemption Request 
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Search and Rescue small UAS operations can help save lives in the event of man-made 

emergency, or natural disaster. The rapid deployment of small UAScan help first responders 

find access points to the affected area as well as help organize a search and rescue operation 

by quickly mapping the area and coordinating search crews to priority areas. 

Proposed Operations 

Commercial operation of small UAS, as described herein, equipped with cameras and sensors, 

would operate for the following purposes: 

1. Aerial photography and/or video for public and/or private use including real estate, 

architecture, agriculture, land surveying, engineering and other related professional 

activities. 

2. Aerial photography, video and data collection in support of archaeological, environmental, 

agricultural or geological scientific research. 

3. Aerial video/photography or provision of live video feed to assist with search and rescue 

operations in cases of an emergency or natural disaster only when the local authorities or 

government has requested it by contract or donation. 

Make And Model Of The Aircraft For Proposed Operations 

Two small UAS rotorcraft are requested to be induded in this exemption, a Tarot 650 

quadcopter and a Tri.Cubed tricopter. Proposed operation of any other aircraft will require a 

new petition or a petition to amend this grant. 

Tarot 650 guadcopter specifications: 

Basic airframe manufactured by Tarot-RC, China. Final assembly and customization by 

Thomas L. Mahood. 

Powerplant: Four electric motors. 

Flight time: Up to 30 minutes, depending on load. 

Maximum takeoff weight (with battery): 6.0 pounds. 

Maximum speed: 40 knots. 

Diameter: 32 inches. 

Height: 14 inches. 

Radio control linkage: Utilizes either a frequency of 2.4 GHzor 433 MHz using Federal 

Communications Commission approved transmitters and ~ivers. 

Page 6 of7 

Mahood- FAR Section 333 Exemption Request 
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Right Controller: Pixhawk manufactured by 30 Robotics. This well established controller has 

sophisticated GPS and failsafe capabilities to ensure aircraft safety in the cases of GPS or 

control signal loss. Includes MinimCSD data link to display real-time flight data to operator. 

The Pixhawk flight controller logs pertinent flight data for each flight for later review and 

analysis. 

Tri-Cubed tricopter specifications: 

Custom airframe designed, constructed and assembled by Thomas L. Mahood. SpecifiCally 

designed for compact transport via backpack into remote areas. 

Powerplant: Three electric motors. 

Right time: Up to 30 minutes, depending on load. 

Maximum takeoff weight (with battery): 5.25 pounds. 

Maximum speed: 40 knots. 

Diameter: 34 inches. 

Height: 8 inches. 

Radio control linkage: Utilizes either a frequency of 2.4 GHz or 433 MHz using Federal 

Communications Commission approved transmitters and receivers. 

Flight Controller: Pixhawk manufactured by 3D Robotics. This well established controller has 

sophisticated GPS and failsafe capabilities to ensure aircraft safety in the cases of GPS or 

control signal loss. Includes MinimCSD data link to display real-time flight data to operator. 

The Pixhawk flight controller logs pertinent flight data for each flight for later review and 

analysis. 

Thank you for your consideration of these exemptions. 

Thomas L. Mahood 

Page 7 of7 

Mahood- FAR Section 333 Exemption Request 
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