1i1N 

U.S. Department of Energy June 1999 

National Energy Savings (NES) and Shipments for Clothes Washers 

lntroduction 

The NES spreadsheet calculates both energy savings and national economic benefits. The 

national energy savings is the aggregate energy savings due to a higher energy efficiency standard. 

In other words, it is the difference in the energy needed for the nation to do laundry before and 

after a higher efficiency standard. To. estimate the energy·savings through the year 2030 due to 

r,evised standards, the energy consumption of washers (including dryer energy) under the base 

case scenario is compared to the energy consumptiori in an alternate scenario in which washers 

comply with a new standard. 

The NES spreadsheet also calculates the net present value (NPV). This is the benefit in operating 

costs due to savings in energy and water (both discounted, i.e., converted to "present value") 

minus the increase in first cost of a more efficient washer. A positive net present value results 

when the present value of benefits exceeds the present value of costs. 

This report describes the results obtained after making changes to the NES spreadsheet model and 

revising some inputs, as recommended in comments received after the publication of the 

Supplemental Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANO PR). The new shipment 

spreadsheet model and results are also discussed in this report because shipments of clothes 

washers is a critical input into the NES analysis. There are three basic outputs from this analysis: 

• Shipments are forecasted for the base case and nine possible standard levels. 

• The annual and cumulative savings for energy and water are determined for the nation to 

the year 2030. 

• The net present values (NPVs) are determined for each standard level based on average 

data for the nation. 

Changes to The National Energy Savings (NES) Analysis 

A summary of the changes made to the NES analysis are summarized in Table I. Some of the 

major changes include: 

l. Shipments - In the Supplemental ANOPR, shipments from a previous analysis were used as a 

placeholder until the new shipment model, which is discussed briefly below, could be developed. 

I 
2. Fuel site-to-source conversion - In the supplemental ANOPR, a constant conversion factor 

was used. This has been replaced by a time series projection of conversion factors, changing from 

year to year. 

3.. H-axis base case escalation rate - In the Supplemental ANOPR 3% of 1998 shipments were 

expected to be horizontal axis (H-axis) and this share was projected to increase at 0.5% per year. 

For the NOPR, 6.25% of 1998 shipments were horizontal axis and three scenarios are analyzed for 

how this share will change in future: 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% escalation rate per year,. 

4. Water and wastewater price escalation - For the Supplemental ANOPR a placeholder escalation 

ratte of 0% was used while data were being collected. For the NOPR escalation rates were based on 

whether the household had water and wastewater utility service or just a water utility. Based on 

data for urban prices, water and wastewater prices were determined to escalate at 3.04% per year. 

('Vhile expert opinion is that rural households have higher prices, the data available for a small 

number of rural households connected to either a water or wastewater utility are not enough 

evidence to support a different assumption than the 3.04% per year determined for urban 

households.) For households with water only (no wastewater connection), the escalatioo rate was 

0.67%. For those households that have well ptimps and a septic tank, the water price escalation is 

d~:termined by the increase in the price of electricity needed to pump the water. 1bis value is 

important for the NPV calculation in the NES model, as it affects the cost savings of implementing 

a standard level. A higher water escalation rate results in a higher NPV 

5. Manufacturer markup-For the Supplemental ANOPR the shipment weighted average was used 

for the manufacturing markup. One value was used for all standard levels. For the NOPR, a range 

of manufacturer markups were calculated for each standard level. The average of the range was 

used for the NES. This parameter is important in both the shipment and NES models. Higher 

mmufacturer markups result in a greater price differential between the base and standard case 

which results in a reduction in shipments resulting in decreased energy savings. The markup has a 

very significant impact on the NPV. For example, Figure 2 shows that because the percentage · 

range of markups are large, the range of NPV s is large. 

2 
T ,a bl e 1 Ch anges m . NES M d I d A l . o e an na1ys1S 

Parameter ANO PR NOPR 

Shipments old shipment model1 data from new shipment model 

Fuel site-to-source conversion constant value conversion varies yearly and is 

generated by EIA's NEMS-EPCA2 

program 

Fuel prices average from RECS 93 average of marginal prices determined 

from RECS93 

Escalation of fuel prices AE098 AE099 

Fuel price extrapolation from 2020 LBNL method method used by EIA, consistent with 

to 2030 new LCC methodology 

H-axis base case escalation rates 0.5% 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% 

H-axis base case sales 3% in 1998 6.25% in 1998 ~ 

Water heater fuels electricity, gas, oil added LPG 

Water & wastewater price urban rates: $3.18 per 1000 gallons updated average for urban & rural: 

avg.= $2.66 per 1000 gals. (see LCC) 

Water & wastewater price 0% average from LCC is used - a 

,escalation weighting of3.04% and 0.67% (see 

LCC) 

NPV & dollar savings based on electricity savings based on a U.S. mix of fuel types used 

(electric water heater & electric for water heaters and dryers; 

dryer) consistent with LCC analysis 

Manufacturer markup most likely, one value for all Average of new range for each 

standard levels standard level 

JFuel prices average prices marginal prices 

Operating cost (or savings) based on electricity prices based on U.S. fuel mix for water 

heaters and clothes dryers, includes 

water savings 

Changes to Shipments Analysis 

1

For purposes of the Supplemental ANOPR, some values were put in as place holders until further 

analysis could be done. For example, it was assumed that the shipments for the standards and the base case were 

the same. 

2

EIA approves use of the names NEMS (National Energy Modeling System) only to describe an AEO 

version of the model with out any modification to code or data. Since, in this work, there will be some minor code 

modifications, DOE proposes use of the name NEMS-EPCA for the model as used here. 

3 
In the Supplemental ANOPR, we discussed several different approaches to forecasting new washer 

sales. Inasmuch as the accounting model was the only approach that took price and operating costs 

into account, the Department selected it as the primary tool for forecasting shipments. The following 

factors are accounted for in the shipment projections: 

• Combined effects of price, operating cost, and features on annual U.S. shipments 

• Market segments (e.g., new housing, replacement decisions, non-owner adding a 

washer). 

• Decisions to repair rather than replace. 

• Purchases of used washers. 

• Age categories of clothes washers. 

The new model incorporates information from the recent Consumer Analysis, calibrated with updated 

information about historical purchases. In the Consumer Analysis, the Department of Energy (DOE) 

has gathered additional information about features of clothes washers that influence consumers' 

purchase decisions and analyzed consumers' stated preferences. 

The changes are summarized in Table 2. Some major changes include: 

1. Elasticities --

Calibrated price and operating cost elasticities to historical data: The model now includes 

consumer responsiveness to price and operating costs calibrated to historical clothes washer 

shipments. (See Shipments report for details). 

Included consumer response to the front-loading feature: The model includes consumer 

response to the front loading feature adapted from the recent Clothes Washer Consumer 

Analysis. In the current analyses, we assumed that efficiency improvements of 35% or higher 

require a front loading type washer. This parameter does not affect efficiency standards below 

35%. 

Removed the income elasticity: We assumed no income elasticity, for consistency with the 

Clothes Washer Consumer Analysis. The conjoint consumer analysis showed that income level 

did not have a significant effect on purchase probability. 

2. Market Segments -- The new shipment model provides detailed accounting of different market 

segments and washer ownership categories. Previous shipment models accounted for only the new 

clothes washer market and the replacement market. The previous model assumed that a washer was 

replaced by a new machine when it broke down. The current model now accounts for a variety of 

other market dynamics including new versus used shipments, changes in repair behavior, and extending 

the life of machines through extra repairs. 

3. Source of Elasticities -- The current shipments model utilizes a wide range of information to make 

the model reflect current consumer and market characteristics. The model uses the Clothes Washer 

4 
Consumer Analysis results for both the relative size of the features response, and to estimate the rate 

at which clothes washer owners might drop out of the market. We use data from a 1996 survey by 

NFO Research Incorporated, prepared for the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers 

(AHAM), on the proportion of early (discretionary) replacements, and the proportion of new versus 

used purchases. Also used are AHAM historical shipments and statistics on the recent (post 1994 

standard) changes in mean clothes washer efficiency. Consumer Reports data on repair rates during 

the first five years of the clothes washer lifetime are used. 

1he purpose of these model enhancements is to provide the best possible estimates of the impacts of 

standards, consistent with the recent history of washer shipments, clothes washer market structure 

a.ind consumer preferences. The new shipment model also allows for various user inputs and choices. 

Input choices include high, medium or low scenarios for price and features elasticities. See the 

Technical Support Document (TSD) appendix on shipments for more detail. 

5 
T a e bl 2 Ch an2es t o sh· 1pment A I . nalVSIS 

Parameter ANO PR NOPR 

Elasticities price price 

operating cost operating savings 

income top/front access feature 

Market Segments new housing starts net new housing starts 

existing homes early replacement market 

regular replacement market 

extra repair market 

homes without a clothes washer 

Houses who drop out of washer energy not accounted for energy accounted for - assumes 

market laundry done at laundromat or 

elsewhere 

Model type accounting accounting with decision tree 

Source of Data Oak Ridge model and data based on input from historicalt. consumer 

refrigerators survey, conjoint analysis, and market 

share data from NFO Research, Inc. 

& Association of Home Appliance 

Manufacturers (AHAM) 

Source of Elasticities Price Elasticity (PE) - from Oak Operating savings - derived from 

Ridge equation historical sales before and after the 

Operating Cost (OC) elasticity- 1994 standard - based on implied 

derived from implicit discount rate discount rate 

Income Elasticity - from Oak Ridge Features elasticity- based on 

model conjoint analysis 

.' Price elasticity - with other 

(For the ANOPR, a shipment parameters set, determined by 

analysis ·had not been performed yet calibrating to historical data. 

and shipments were kept constant as 

a placeholder pending future 

analysis) 

Rc~sults 

EJ.riciency Levels and Scenarios Analyzed 

We analyzed the impact of each possible standard level presented in the Engineering analysis. These 

efficiency improvement levels are: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%. Both 

national energy savings and net present value of those savings (2003 to 2030 cumulative) were 

calculated. 

Unlike the LCC model, the NES does not use distributions of values for inputs or outputs. 

Sensitivities can be demonstrated by running different scenarios. Each efficiency level was analyzed 

6 
for five scenarios. Some of the parameters that were varied are inputs to the shipment-model and 

some are inputs to the NES-model. Since shipments have an effect on the national energy savings, 

changes to the shipment inputs have a direct effect on the national energy savings. Changes in the 

input parameter affect the base case results as well as the standards case results. Results of the 

scenarios are plotted in Figure 1. 

The five scenarios are described below: 

lJ.pper Bound Scenario (greatest energy savings) 

This scenario utilized parameters chosen to forecast an upper bound for shipments, energy savings and 

NPV. The low price elasticity allows more consumers to buy washers at a higher price. The low 

' top/front elasticity increases sales for washers at the 35% efficiency level or higher. A low 

manufacturer markup makes the washers more affordable allowing for more sales. High water and 

fuel prices produce a higher dollar savings and a higher NPV. 

Lower Bound Scenario (least energy savings) 

Parameters in this scenario are chosen to provide a lower bound on shipments and energy savings. 

Lower shipments would be caused by higher price elasticity, high top/front load elasticity, and high 

manufacturer markup. Lower shipments in general mean lower opportunity of energy savings. In 

addition, low fuel and water prices would reduce the savings per washer and therefore the. total NPV. 

AJEO low growth assumes a lower economic activity (resulting in less demand for energy and therefore 

lower fuel prices). 

0.25% H-axis Growth Scenario 

Tiris is a scenario where the mean values for most input parameters are used, but rather than assuming 

a 0.5% H-axis escalation, a 0.25% annual H-axis growth (escalation rate) is assumed. This means that 

in the base case scenario (i.e., without standards), the sales ofH-axis (assumed here to mean 35% 

·efficiency improvement above baseline) will increase by 0.25% every year. This scenario increases the 

energy savings and NPV over the reference case. 

0. 75% H-axis Growth Scenario 

Iltis assumes that in the absence of new higher efficiency standards, the market share for H-axis 

washers increases linearly by 0.75 percentage points every·year starting in the year 1998. (See 0.25% 

H-axis growth rate). 

Reference Case Scenario 

Illis scenario uses medium or average values as parameter inputs and is bounded on both sides by the 

other scenarios described above. This is considered the most likely scenario. 

Table 3 below outlines the input parameters used to generate the high and low bound sensitivities. All 

of the parameters in Table 3 together define the lower and upper bound scenarios for energy savings. 

Note that the base case H-axis escalation rate (an input to both the shipment and NES models) is also 

a parameter in the overall upper and lower bound scenarios. 

7 
T bl 3 NES/Sh. t s •t• •t• .a e 1pmen s ens1 av1 1es 

Parameter Lower Bound Upper Bound Applies to Result Affected 

{least shipments) (most Spreadsheets 

shipments) 

Energy Price Projection AEOlow AEO.high NES NPV 

economic economic 

growth growth 

Water Escalation Rate low water prices high water NES NPV 

prices 

:Base Case H-axis Escalation Rate 0.75% 0.25% Shipments, NES Energy Savings 

NPV 

J?rice Elasticity high low Shipments Energy Savings 

NPV 

Top/Front Elasticity high low Shipments Energy Savings 

~PV 

Manufacturer Markup high low Shipments, NES Energy Savings 

NPV 

Table 4 below shows the upper and lower bound for energy and water savings as well as the NPV. 

These bounds represent the sensitivities with the greatest range. Input parameters were chosen to 

produce a large range in shipments and thereby also a large range in energy savings. 

T a bl e 4 Ra neeo f E nerev s avmes an d NPV ti or E h ac St an d d ar L I eve : 

Efficiency Improvement Energy Savings Water Savings Net Present Value (NPV) 

over the Base Case (Quads) (trillion gallons) (billion 1997$) 

Bound~ lower upper lower upper lower upper 

5% 0.29 0.32 0.43 0.47 0.91 1.74 

10% 0.97 1.06 0.43 0.47 2.15 3.32 

15% 1.81 1.98 0.42 0.46 3.38 4.91 

20% 2.20 2.42 0.54 0.61 2.93 5.19 

25% 4.14 4.59 9.32 10.34 8.19 26.16 

35% 5.88 6.79 12.72 14.66 9.07 33.95 

40% 5.92 6.83 12.72 14.66 9.1 I 34.01 

45% 6.89 7.94 I0.28 12.27 5.09 26.33 

50% 7.28 8.37 10.23 12.25 5.28 26.65 

8 
Table 5 below shows results for when medium or mean values are used and only the H-axis escalation 

rates are varied. 

Table 5 Results for Scenarios with 0.25% and 0. 75% H-axis Growth Rates (all other values 

medium or avera2e) 

Efficiency Improvement Energy Savings Water Savings Net Present Value (NPV) 

over the Base Case (Quads) (trillion gallons) (billion 1997$) 

Baseline H-Axis 0.25% 0.75% 0.25% 0.75% 0.25% 0.75% 

Escalation 

5% 0.32 0.29 0.47 0.43 1.29 l.l 7 

10% 1.07 0.97 0.47 0.43 2.76 2.52 

. 15% 1.98 1.80 0.47 0.42 4.24 3.87 

20% 2.42 2.20 0.61 0.54 4.10 3.75 

25% 4.58 4.15 10.31 9.34 15.73 14.30 

35% 6.64 6.02 14.35 13.00 19.10 17.40 

40% 6.68 6.06 14.35 13.00 19.15 17.45 

45% 7.70 7.08 11.92 10.57 13.71 12.06 

50% 8.11 7.49 11.88 10.54 13.95 12.31 

Ta,ble 6 shows the results of the scenario with all parameters set at medium or average. This is 

intended to reflect the most likely value. 

T fl bl e e 6 R ti erence c ase- AllP arameters s et to Md" e 1um or A vera2e 

Efficiency Improvement Energy Savings Water Savings Net Present Value (NPV) 

over the Base Case (Quads) (trillion gallons) (billion 1997$) 

5% 0.30 0.45 1.23 

10% 1.02 0.45 2.64 

15% 1.89 0.44 4.05 

20% 2.31 0.57 3.93 

25% 4.36 9.82 15.01 

35% 6.33 13.67 18.25 

40% 6.37 13.67 18.30 

45% 7.39 11.24 12.88 

50% 7.80 11.21 13.13 

9 
Fitgure 1 below shows all five scenarios for all efficiency levels. The greatest range in results occurs at 

the 50% level. For this efficiency level, the upper and lower bound scenarios are within 7% of the 

reference case. · 

a· --S-lower bound 

- •- 0.25% H-axis escal. 

~reference 7 - •- 0. 75% H-axis escal. 

- upper bound 

2 

5 10 15 20' 25 35 40 45 50 

Percent Efficiency Level Improvement 

Fi1~ure 1 Energy Savings in Quads for Different Scenarios 

10 
figure 2 shows NPV versus efficiency level. Here we see a much greater effect on NPV then for 

energy savings. The reason for this is the wide range in manufacturer markup and therefore price, 

which impacts the NPV directly. 

40 

35 

30 «'• ... 

01 

01 

.... 

c: 25 

~~ 

~~ GI :1 20 

iii 

:;:i • 

... 

c: 

GI 

Ill 15 GI 

... 

Q, 

.... 

Cl• 

:z: 

10 

5 

0 

5 

-e-NPV lower bound 

• _. • NPV 0.25% H-axis escal. 

-@-NPV reference 

- • - NPV 0. 75% H-axis escal. 

--e-NPV upper bound 

10 15 20 25 35 

Percent Efficiency Level Improvement 

Fig;ure 2 NPV for Different Scenarios 

11 

40 

-----.& 

·-----· 

45 50 
Sfdpments 

Figure 3 below shows forecasted shipments to the year 2030 for standard levels from 20% to 50% and 

the base case. Results are for the reference case, i.e., input values are medium or average. Historical 

data points are also provided to show that the model agrees with historical data. 

New Clothes Washer Shipments 

~ 5+-~~'--~~~~~~~~~+--~..__~~~~~~~~~~~---t 

c 

~ 

E Q, 4 +='-T-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---i 

:a 

C"ll 

o-t-~~r-~--.~~-.-~~--.-~~~~~~~--.~~-.-~~--.-~--1 

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 

Year 

Figure 3 Shipments for the Reference Case 

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 

12 

+ Historical 

-Baseline 

__.,._ 20% Level 

--25%Level 

......_ 35%/40% Level 

--45%Level 

-*- 50% Level 
Detailed NES Results 

More detailed results on energy and water savings are provided in Tables and Figures D.1 - D.52. 

Each of the following pages has two tables and one chart, all corresponding to the same efficiency 

level and sensitivity scenario. The charts show cumulative energy, water and cost saving for each 

standard level. Tables and figures are numbered as shown below: 

• reference case 

Tables D.1.1 - D.9.2 

Figures D.1 - D.9 

• 0.25% H-axis escalation 

Tables D.10.1 - D.18.2 

Figures D.10 - D.18 

• 0.75% H-axis escalation 

Tables D.19.1-D.27.2 

Figures D.19-D.27 

• Lower bound 

Tables D.28.1 - D.36.2 

Figures D.28 - D.36 

• Upper bound 

Tables D.37.1 - D.45.2 

Figures D.37 - D.45 

13 
T a bl e D . . 11 5% 0 Effi 1c1ency . L eve: IE nen?V an dW ater s . avm~s 

ii~~r~· ~a:; ~~:~~;~c'.~\tt~1~~ .:.: .. ,Water 

Total -Saving 

from 2003 (trillion gals) 

to 2010 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.05 

to 2020 0.16 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.23 

to 2030 0.30 0.19 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.45 

Ta.hie D.1.2 5% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

· · · .. ·Cumulative fol-Clothes :w ashers'.'1rurcha8edJroni;1003 tb 2030 ., : · 

.- .. ..,: '·.<.: · ··}:{niscounted,:at 7%·.toveai,1997:,(k hiiiiond9'~jJ .. -~foi1cifs)·J. · ·' 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

1.24 

0.01 

1.23 

176 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

r! 

~ Q 

i:::i 

r0\ 

0\ 

,.., 

= :S 

= 

2000 

0.30 

0.25 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

-0.05 

2005 2010 

c::::::J Price Change 

l!!!!!!!!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

; ,,, ,,, ,,, ,,, ,,, ; 

,,, 

Al 

2oi5 2020 2025 2030 

...... ... ... - .... ........ - ... .... ... ... ,,, 

" 

. 

\ 

-

Fig;ure D.l 5% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

14 . Reference Case 
Table D.2.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

10% Efficiency Level: Enen?Y and Water Savin1!S 

0.13 

0.54 

1.02 

0.08 

0.31 

0.58 

0.04 

0.20 

0.39 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

Table D.2.2 10% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

.. W.~ter :. ,;., 

·\SaVUig'.::;'. ~;:; 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.23 

0.45 

·, ·(... · Cunitilative:for CIOthes·w ashersJaiichased;from' 20031to:2030 ... : :· :< 

· .. _.'.;·,_; ·: .. ~.:·J)i~bdiliitea~~k1~1%~i~f;vci~l{fl9~,-0fil~bi1IiSI1~1§9Jz?ah11)fr~)·:'.;~::t;:'.p~~::~·: .. i::: 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

IC 

~!! 

~= ~~ ,, 

Cl\ 

Cl\ 

... 

·= 

~3 

'a 

2000 

0.6 

0.5 -

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

-0.1 

Cost and Sa,·ing of Cloth<.'s \Vas hers 

2005 2010 . 2015 2020 2025 

c:::::::J Price Change 

lililll Energy & Water Saving 

-.-Net Saving ... ... . .... "' 

; "' ,I 

; 

; ,,. ,I 

,,. 

Arfll; 

-- ~ 

2.72 

0.08 

2.64 

32 

2030 

Figure D.2 10% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

15 Reference Case 
Table D.3.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.24 

1.00 

1.89 

0.14 

0.55 

1.02 

0.09 

0.40 

0.79 

0.01 

0.02 

0.05 

0.00 

0.02 

0.04 

T~1ble D.3.2 15% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

*includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

r: 

.! 

c 

r-. = 

°' -

°' 

c 

~ 

i:i5 

2000 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

-0.1 

2005 2010 201s 2020 2025 

c:::::J Price Change 

1!!1111 Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving !; 

,, ... ; 

~ 

; 

,. ~ 

I 

~ i 

~ 

; 

~ 

~ 

u ' .. 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.23 

0.44 

4.49 

0.43 

4.05 

IO 

2030 

Figure D.3 15% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

16 Referer1;ce Case 
Table D.4.1 20% Efficiency Level: Enerl!V and Water Savings 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.28 

1.21 

2.31 

0.16 

0.64 

1.21 

0.11 

0.51 

0.99 

0.01 

0.03 

0.06 

0.01 

0.03 

0.05 

Table D.4.2 20% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

(trillion gals) 

0.06 

0.29 

0.57 

··. ,,· .' · .• ·>C~tiilltilatiV.e·'for{~lothes,Wtclllers~:eurcliased:'from~2oo:s~t0:2030~'':.:{,:;' •· 

~{ . ·' ·.·~·;::.~~-,;,I~DisBBhrit~a.~~t1%,tbN~~i;99·fifu:~Bill15~~F~9o/~f61i~~)':frJiilk:~~i:' {~ 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

2000 

1.2 

1.0 

0.8 

I:~ 

.!! 0.6 c: 

~I 

r-. 

Cl', 0.4 Cl'. 

.. , 

1:1 

~t 0.2 

=1 

0.0 

-0.2 

-0.4 

Cost ancl Savi.ng of Clothes Washers 

2005 2010 

1,,., ... , Price Change 

lii!!iBEnergy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

i-- ,. 

" 

i-- " , i--

II , 

; 

2015 2020 2025 

... , 

" , 

5.47 

1.54 

3.93 

3.5 

2030 

Figure D.4 20% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

17 Reference Case 
T a bl e D 5 1 . . 25% 0 Effi 1c1encv . L eve: IE nerev an dW a t er S avmgs . ,:...:r.:'..l."'.. :_~ .,:· ':· ·~ ... ·-·· . ·-Energy .~~~g in Q~s.,_?t,.:.: - ~- ·: .. (. ·7,:~~ ',,. ·-.... ;·;•:-,_~-·'... .. .:. .. '·,· -· ,water' 

. :·::~J\)fiiL.i. ·. ,-Elec · : . -.Ga8 . -.·:on: . .,.:.,· ' ,. - ' .... ,. J;;PG' .:::. Saving. 

from 2003 (trillion gals) 

to 2010 0.52 0.30 0.20 0.01 0.01 1.05 

to 2020 2.26 1.20 0.95 0.06 0.05 4.98 

to 2030 4.36 2.28 1.88 0.11 0.09 9.82 

Ta.hie D.5.2 25% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

(:'·: ·· ,~.;:\\:.:Gumtilafi~e~fo.t:c1dthes:.Wa.SJieI·s'~Rurcha5ed·froffr12001:to,2030J ,::»~· 'i~~ 

-<:,~:>,::'.':i:~,,;.;~f¥Ji~~im.t~a\iat7%;'td·'.y~aH1997:ktrhillidh~1 99:7.:a6ii~~)~:;'.~r1:;:;;::~Js:·:::~ 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and s~n-ing of Clothes Washers 

I: 

OI 

=§ 

Q 

r-

°' °' .... 

Cl 

:3 

= 

2000 

6.0 

5.0 

4.0 

. 3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

cc::JPrice Change 

lii!!!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

.. .. I-" .. ... ml .. ... 

'i:Ht. ; ' ~ ' ~ 

' ' 

2015 2020 2025 

"-: "-: "-: 

... "-: 

... .... ... ..... .. .. I;' ;"J 

; ' ; ; : \ 

- -

21.42 

6.41 

15.01 

3.3 

.. i2030 

.. 

-

Fig:ure D.5 25°/o Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

18 Reference Case 
Table D.6.1 35o/o Efficiency Levei: Enerev and Water Savin!!S 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.69 

3.17 

6.33 

0.44 

1.92 

3.76 

0.22 

1.13 

2.31 

0.01 . 

0.07 

0.14 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

Table D.6.2 35% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

2000 

8.0 

7.0 

6.0 

r! 5.0 

..! 

-a 4.0 

iQ 

g: ""'" 3.0 .... 

= 2.0 :S . 

= 1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

~Price Change 

lli!i!il1 Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

m 

'i :.> .. f ; 

~ 

' ' c; 

2015 2020 2025 

' l ' ! 

I ' ' i 

' .. 

(trillion gals) 

1.32 

6.70 

13.67 

30.00 

11.75 

18.25 

2.6 

; ' 

2030 

1 

Figure D.6 35% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

19 Reference Case 
Table D.7.1 40% Efficiency Level: Enerey and Water Savin2s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.70 

3.19 

6.37 

0.45 

1.94 

3.80 

0.22 

1.14 

2.32 

0.01 

0.07 

0.14 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11. 

Table D.7.2 40°/o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes \Vashcrs 

I! 

.!! 

c; 

,:::~ 

I"• 

c' 

... c' 

·= 

~; 

iii 

2000 

8.0 

7.0 

6.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

c:=JPrice Change 

liiiiiJEnergy_ & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

. 

... "' ... "' Ill "' ""' it·- .... I 

~ j 

~ 

2015 2020 2025 

- -- i- -- ... - "' I-" 

I" "' 

' ~ ' 

' : t ~ 

' ~ 

- l 

~ 

(trillion gals) 

1.32 

6.70 

13.67 

30.10 

11.80 

18.30 

2.6 

2030 

-- -i-

-

Fii~re D.7 40% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

20 Reference Case 
T:able D.8.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

45% Efficiency Level: Ene1"2Y and Water Savin~s 

0.75 

3.60 

7.39 

0.51 

2.32 

4.70 

0.22 

1.16 

2.44 

0.01 

0.07 

0.14 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

Table D.8.2 45% Efficienc Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saying of Clothes Washers 

f 

.! 

c 

Q 

I"'-

°' -

°' 

Cl 

~ 

i6 

2000 

8.0 

7.0 

6.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

-3.0 

2005 2010 

c::::J Price Change 

r!!!!!i!!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

"" ... ... ~ c. 

\; j • : i- . ... : I . I 'i- ' l ... i I I i I 

2015 2020 2025 

... - - ... .. ... ,, 

"" ; 

.. ,, 

i l· I 1 

! ' 1 ! 

l .. 

I 

(trillion gals) 

1.01 

5.38 

11.24 

28.82 

15.94 

12.88 

1.8 

~ 

' 

2030 

i 

Figure D.8 45% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

21 Reference Case 
Table D.9.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

50% Efficiency Level: Enel1!V and Water Savines 

0.78 

3.78 

7.80 

0.54 

2.47 

5.04 

0.22 

1.19 

2.51 

0.01 

0.07 

0.14 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

Table D.9.2 50% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washc1·s 

1: 

.!i i; 

i:~ 

I:"• 

Ch 

Cl' 

... 

ll 

E~ iii 

2000 

8.0 

6.0 

4.0 

2.0 

o.o 

-2.0 

-4.0 

2005 2010 

c:::i Price Change 

fiii!!IEnergy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

... .. .. \1 ~ -- : -- ..... ' ~ ' 1 ; ~ ' i i I .. · ... ~ ~ ; , ( ' l 1 ' ~ l ~ l ~ ' 

. 

2015 2020 2025 

.... ' ... loi... ,,. ,,. i... .. 

' 

(trillion gals) 

1.00 

5.34 

11.21 

29.60 

16.47 

13.13 

1.8 

.. 

2030 

-

' 

.. 

Figure D.9 50% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

22 Reference Case 
Ta.hie D.10.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

5% Efficienc Level: Ene and Water Savin s 

0.04 

0.17 

0.32 

0.03 

0.11 

0.20 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Table D.10.2 5o/o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.24 

0.47 

·. CUniiilative·for:CIOthes: W asliers.Puichased =froni2003:"tif2030>'~~- .,g:~.\' 

:• .. · ·:.;:: .. :f1i~~oririi~<l-a:t~1,o/cfi-!6've~fi:997:-(fii;;:billi6~~it~9.~?a6ii~);r,;~L~~t'7~:~\~;:' 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

f 

.!! 

c 

~ 

r--

Cl\ 

Cl\ 

-c 

:5 

= 

2000 

0.35 

0.30 

0.25 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

-0.05 

2005 2010 

c::::JPrice Change 

li!liil Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

,,, .. .. ,,, ,,, ,,, ,,, ' Arff 

2015 2020 2025 

....... - - ... ... ...... ... ,,, 

" " 

. .. .. 

1.30 

0.01 

1.29 

176 

...... -

2030 

... 

Figure D.10 5% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 23 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Table D.11.1 10% Efficiency Level: Ener!!V and Water Savin2s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.13 

0.55 

1.07 

0.08 

0.32 

0.61 

0.04 

0.21 

0.41 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

~0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

Ta.hie D.11.2 10% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

* includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

t! 

.!! 

'Ci 

Cl 

t-• 

Ch 

Cl\ 

... 

'l 

~! iii 

2000 

0.7 

0.6 -

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 -

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

-0.1 

I 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

1 ,_.,, 1 Price Change 

- Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa~ng ~ 

, ,,.. 

"' "" "' ,,,. 

"' ,,,. 

"' ,,. ,,,. 

"' A( 

- - -

(trillion gals) 

2.85 

0.09 

2.76 

32 

" 

0.05 

0.24 

0.47 

2030 

Figure D.11 10% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 24 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Table D.12.1 15% Efficiency Level: Ener!!V and Water Savin2s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.24 

1.03 

1.98 

0.14 

0.57 

1.07 

0.09 

0.42 

0.82 

0.01 

0.03 

0.05 

0.00 

0.02 

0.04 

Ta.hie D.12.2 15% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Cloth<.'S Washers 

~ 

.!! 

= Q 

i-

°' °' .... 

= 

~ 

iii 

2000 

1.0 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0.0 

-0.2 

2005 2010 

, ,.,.,,,,Price Change 

lillilEnergy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

I;' 

.; 

; ""' 

I;' 

.; 

:; .; 

d' 

LIU ,. ~ 

201S 2020 2025 

i.... 

... "" .; 

~ ~ ' 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.24 

0.47 

4.69 

0.46 

4.24 

10 

.. .. 

2030 

.. 

Fi~~ure D.12 15% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 25 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Table D.13.1 20% Efficiency Level: Enen?Y and Water Savings 

from2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.29 

1.25 

2.42 

0.17 

0.67 

1.26 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.11 

0.53 

1.04 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.01 

0.03 

0.06 

0.01 

0.03 

0.05 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

2000 

1.2 -

1.0 -

0.8 

t: 

.!!! 

c; 0.6 

i::1 

..... 

o. 0.4 o • .... 

C:I 

~! 0.2 

i:i:i 

0.0 

-0.2 -

-0.4 

2005 2010 

c::::;:sJ Price Change 

-Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

I " 

2015 2020 2025 

(trillion gals) 

0.06 

0.31 

5.73 

1.62 

4.10 

3.5 

0.61 

2030 

Fig:ure D.13 20°/o Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 26 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Table D.14.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

25% Efficiency Level: Enere.v and Water Savin!!S 

0.53 

2.34 

4.58 

0.30 

1.25 

2.39 

0.21 

0.99 

1.97 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

0.01 

0.05 

0.09 

(trillion gals) 

1.07 

5.15 

10.31 

Table D.14.2 25% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit!Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

22.44 

6.71 

15.73 

3.3 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

I~ 

.!! 

c; 

~~ 

r-- c, 

... c' 

n 

~! 

~i 

2000 

6.0 

s.o 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

c:::JPrice Change 

l!!!ii!i!i!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

. 

"" "' "" .... .. •• .... .. 

1Ht ; I i • ' ' l ~ ) 

~ .. 

2015 2020 2025 . 

,... .. ... .. ... - ... .. .... .. ,,,. .... ,,,. ,,,. 

~ i ' I ' l j ~ ' 

~ ! 1 

' , • ; 1 I' .. 

2030 

... 

-

Figure D.14 25% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 27 Increase Horitontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Table D.15.1 35% Efficiency Level: Ene11?Y and Water Savines 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.71 

3.28 

6.64 

0.45 

1.98 

3.94 

0.23 

1.17 

2.43 

0.01 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

Table D.15.2 35% Efficienc Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes \Vashcrs 

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

10.0 

c::::J Price Change 

8.0 - Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa\1ng 

6.0 

r:: 

.!! 

c: 4.0 i:1 

I'-· 

er. 

er. 

_, 2.0 Cl .5: 

:l 

iii 0.0 - II I 

-2.0 

-4.0 -

(trillion gals) 

1.35 

6.93 

14.35 

31.36 

12.26 

19.10 

2.6 

2030 

Fig:ure D.15 35% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 28 Increase Horizontal-axis share .0.25% per year 
Table D.16.1 40% Efficiency Level: Ener!!V and Water Savines 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.71 

3.30 

6.68 

0.46 

2.00 

3.98 

0.23 

1.18 

2.43 

0.01 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

Table D.16.2 40% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

c: 

~j 

c' i::1 

r"-· 

1;1', 

1;1', 

_, 

c· 

~· 

=:; 

2000 

10.0 -

8.0 -

6.0 

4.0 -

2.0 -

0.0 

-2.0 -

-4.0 -

2005 2010 

c::i Price Change 

- Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa\Ang 

I"' .. .. • II I I-

~ 

~- ~ 

2015 2020 2025 

. I- ~ 

.... .. II"' ,,,. I-' .. 

' ' ' ; ' ; 

(trillion gals) 

1.35 

6.93 

14.35 

31.46 

12.31 

19.15 

2.6 

2030 

.... I- .... 

' ' 

Fig:ure D.16 40% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 29 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Table D.17.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 · 

45% Efficiency Level: Enerl!V and Water Savini?s 

0.77 

3.70 

7.70 

0.52 

2.38 

4.89 

0.22 

1.20 

2.55 

0.01 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

Table D.17.2 45% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

(trillion gals) 

1.04 

5.61 

11.92 

i . ·.·· . ~·· . · .Clinitilativeifob~Clothes'Wasliers .PurchaSed from~OOl:tt>l2.03o, ~:F' /'~-

, ·. · · , ",: ;; ~ ·)ols66tllit~dtat'7.%~t6.v6~:ff99.7diirhili16if\19Qv~<l6lt~)}:;~~~'.;;7\:i:;i:.'.o 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes \Vashcrs 

t! 

.! 

~ = 

... 

°' °' 

-

= s 

= 

2000 

8.0 -

6.0 

4.0 -

2.0 

0.0 

-2.0 

-4.0 

2005 2010 

c::::::J Price Change 

-Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa\Ang 

... .... I .... "' ll ~ .... ~ 

! .. ~I- ~ .: ~ i ~ > I \ 

~ 

2015 2020 2025 

.... .... I-

.. - ... "" ,,. ~ .. 

1;. 

: l 

" 

" ; ' ~ ~ 

30.12 

16.41 

13.71 

1.8 

I-

~ 

2030 

-

' 

Figure D.17 45% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 30 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0.25% per year 
Ta1ble D.18.1 50% Efficienc Level: Ener 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

itO 2030 

0.80 

3.89 

8.11 

0.55 

2.54 

5.23 

0.23 

1.23 

2.62 

0.01 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

Table D.18.2 50o/o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

*includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

2000 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

z:: 

~I C:• 4.0 i::1 

t'-· 

O', 

o-. 

_, 2.0 - C:l 

.. 5: 

Ei =1 0.0 

-2.0 

-4.0 -

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

2005 2010 

c=;:J Price Change 

11!111!1Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa~ng 

.. I 

2015 

I I; 

2020 2025 

(trillion gals) 

1.03 

5.57 

11.88 

30.89 

16.94 

13.95 

1.8 

2030 

Fi~:ure D.18 50% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 31 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Table D.19.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

5% Efficiency Level: Ener~ and Water Savin2s 

0.04 

0.15 

0.29 

0.03 

0.10 

0.18 

0.01 

0.05 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Tinble D.19.2 5% Efficienc Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost und SaYing of Clothes Washers 

i:: 

.!i 

c: 

,::, 

I"' 

0-. 

o-. 

... 

=· C• ::1 

::1 

r:c1 

2000 

0.30 

0.25 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

-0.05 

2005 2010 

c:::zJPrice Change 

ril!i!!il Energy & Water Saving 

-Net Saving 

,. ,,. ,,. ,,. , ,,. ,,. , 

~ 

2015 2020 2025 

... ... ~ 

,,. ,,. ,. 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.22 

0.43 

1.18 

0.01 

1.17 

176 

2030 

-

Fii;ure D.19 5% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 32 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Ta.hie D.20.1 10% Efficiency Level: Enemv and Water Savines 

from 2003 

1:0 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.12 

0.52 

0.97 

0.08 

0.30 

0.56 

0.04 

0.19 

0.37 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

Table D.20.2 lOo/o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

i: 

.!! 

c; 

Q 

tCl\ 

Cl\ 

.... 

c 

~ 

= 

2000 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

-0.1 

Cost and Saving of Clothes \Vas hers 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

c::J Price Change 

liilli Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving .. .; 

; "' ; ,, 

.; "' -

; 

.; 

"' A( 

......... 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.22 

0.43 

2.60 

0.08 

2.52 

32 

2030 

Fig;ure D.20 10% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 33 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
T a e bl D . . 21 1 15°A 0 Effi 1c1ency . L eve: 1 E ner2V an d wt a er f' 

.~avme:s 

Energy Saving in Quads ·. Water 

Total Elec Gas Oil LPG Saving 

from 2003 (trillion gals) 

to 2010 0.23 0.13 0.09 0.01 0.00 

to 2020 0.96 0.53 0.39 0.02 0.02 

to 2030 1.80 0.97 0.75 0.05 0.04 

Table D.21.2 15% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Cumul*!fve for. Clothes,Washers J>urchased f!<>P:f200~ to 2030 

Discourttedat 7%tc>:vear J997 (in .biiliort 1997 dollars) 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

*includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

!'.! 

..!! 

Ci 

~ 

r-

°' °' .... 

= 

~ i:Q 

2000 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

-0.1 

• • j 

€ost and Saving of €1othes \~ashers 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

c:=J Price Change 

lll'i1iB Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving ~ 

.. II "' ; 

I.I 

II 

; 

I.I 

; 

~ 

II ,; 

Ii.I 

"" LI .. .. 

4.28 

0.41 

3.87 

10 

0.05 

0.22 

0.42 

2030 

Figure D.21 15% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 34 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Table D.22.1 20% Efficiency Level: Enen?V and Water Savings 

Jrom 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.28 

1.17 

2.20 

0.16 

0.62 

1.15 

0.11 

0.49 

0.95 

0.01 

0.03 

0.06 

0.01 

0.02 

0.05 

Table D.22.2 20% Efficienc Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

"'includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes \Vashcrs 

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

1.2 

G::3 Price Change 

1.0 - l!l!!!!!l!I Energy & Water Saving 

0.8 --Net Saving 

I: 

.s 0.6 - Q 

~ 

.. ..... ... ... ... r-- 0.4 ~ _. 

c 

~ 0.2 

~ 

,.. ... ,.. ... ..... ... 

0.0 

-0.2 

• ... "tr; ' ' l j n l 1 ~ 

~ ·5 J 

-0.4 

(trillion gals) 

0.06 

0.28 

0.54 

5.22 

1.47 

3.75 

3.5 

2030 

.. 

Figure D.22 20% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 35 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Table D.23.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

25% Efficiency Level: Enen?Y and Water Savine:s 

0.51 

2.18 

4.15 

0.29 

1.16 

2.17 

0.20 

0.92 

1.79 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

0.01 

0.04 

0.09 

(trillion gals) 

1.02 

4.81 

9.34 

Ta.hie D.23.2 25% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

*includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Sa,·ing of Clothes Washers 

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

5.0 ~Price Change 

4.0 - - Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa\1ng 

E! 3.0 - .!! 

"Ci 

Cl 

I:"· 

Ch 2.0 Ch 

... 

'I 

~~ 1.0 - ~i 

0.0 &I 

-1.0 -

20.41 

6.11 

14.30 

3.3 

2030 

... i- -... 

Fi~:ure D.23 25% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 36 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Talt>le D.24.1 35% Efficiency Level: Enernv and Water Savine:s 

:'"'.,;::.~ · ,. ·. >. ·Energy'Saving· iit.QWKis>.?:\r'yt~:~~.~-' ·.:?. wate.r. : .: 

; ~·;'Total :~1e9 . . : <"., .:o~ ·:. ; .:.<:·.,:ofr:;:\~·;~::jii>,({.,;£ .. : saVlng. .. 

ji·om 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.67 

3.06 

6.02 

0.43 

1.85 

3.58 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.22 

1.09 

2.20 

0.01 

0.07 

0.13 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

(trillion gals) 

1.29 

6.46 

13.00 

28.64 

11.24 

17.40 

2.5 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Sa,·ing of Clothes \Vashcrs 

I: 

.!! 

Q 

..... 

= 

OI 

OI 

... 

= 

~ 

= 

2000 

7.0 

6.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

1 ... , .1 Price Change 

1m11 Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

i,. 

"" i,. 

L.. 

.... 

• "' L.. 

l :L..~ ~ I v ~! . i . ! 

2015 2020 2025 2030 

.... .... L.. L.. .... .... .... .... L. 

"' [., 

v 

·. : ' ; 

' ' ., 

.! .: ~ 

Figure D.24 35% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 3 7 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 7 5% per year 
T~1ble D.25.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

40% Efficiency Level: Enerev and Water Savin2s 

0.68 

3.08 

6.06 

0.44 

1.87 

3.62 

0.22 

1.10 

2.21 

0.01 

0.07 

0.13 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

(trillion gals) 

1.29 

6.46 

13.00 

Ta.hie D.25.2 40°/o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

2000 

7.0 

6.0 

s.o 

r: 4.0 

.!!! 

~-

~ 3.0 .,... 

"' "' ';; 2.0 

E i:i5 1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

c::a Price Change 

,_Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

I; 

,; 

... ,,. .. ... "" \i ' 'i;~ ! I 

,,,.., ~ ~ I ..... ' 

' ~ ~ ; 

2015 2020 2025 

... - .. ... ... ... ... 

... ; 

i.; 

,; 

I 

28.73 

11.29 

17.45 

2.5 

... -

i ' ~ 

2030 

' 

~ 

Fii~re D.25 40% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 38 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Table D.26.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.73 

3.49 

7.08 

Level: Ener and Water Savin s 

0.50 

2.25 

4.52 

0.21 

1.12 

2.32 

0.01 

0.06 

0.13 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

(trillion gals) 

0.98 

5.14 

10.57 

Table D.26.2 45% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

7.0 

C::IJ Price Change 

6.0 - -Energy & Water Saving 

5.0 --Net Saving 

r: 4.0 I-

.! ... I3.0 I; 

'E ,,. Q 

r-. "' 2.0 ,,. 

°' °' .... ... ,,. = 1.0 I; :S "' "' = 0.0 

\ i ! , .; 

;i.... t :; h 

-1.0 Ji; ; 

'.-~"' : l ~ l 

-2.0 ~ 

-3.0 

27.53 

15.46 

12.06 

1.8 

2030 

Fig:ure D.26 45% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 39 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 75% per year 
Table D.27.1 50% Efficiency Level: Ener2V and Water Savin~s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

T~1ble D.27.2 

0.77 

3.67 

7.49 

0.53 

2.41 

4.86 

Total Energy ~d Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.22 

1.15 

2.39 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.01 

0.06 

0.13 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

1: 

.!! 

c; 

I!~ 

t"• 

C:\ 

C:\ 

... 

1: 

E~ 

ii3 

2000 

7.0 

6.0 

5.0 -

4.0 . 3.0 

2.0 

1.0 -

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

-3.0 

2005 2010 

c::a Price Change 

-Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

"" i..- "' 

"" 

\i • ~~j ~ ; j 

I ' t ~ ;,,. ~ i t~ ' 

! ' >. ! ..,., ' I 

~ 

2015 2020 2025 

.... .... ... 1.-' ,.. 

""' ,,. 

I ' ' t ' ( 

! I 

! I i ~ 

I I ~ ! ' i I i !I t ~ '- • ~ 

(trillion gals) 

0.97 

5.11 

10.54 

28.32 

16.00 

12.31 

1.8 

2030 

-

i 

Fii~ure D.27 50% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 40 Increase Horizontal-axis share 0. 7 5% per year 
Table D.28.1 5% Efficiency Level: Enerav and Water Savin~s 

·from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.04 

0.16 

0.29 

0.03 

0.10 

0.18 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.01 

0.05 

0.10 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

f 

.!!! 

c; 

i:l 

r-

°' °' 

-I: 

E 

= 

2000 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

-0.05 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

1 ,.,.,,.,Price Change 

lBll Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving .... .. .... ... ,,,. ,,,. ... ., ... ,,,. ,,,. 

Af 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.23 

0.43 

0.92 

0.01 

0.91 

96 

2030 

Figure D.28 5% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 41 Lower Bound Case 
Table D.29.1 10% Efficienc Level: Ener 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.13 

0.52 

0.97 

0.08 

0.30 

0.56 

0.04 

0.20 

0.37 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

Tall>le D.29.2 10% Efficienc Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• in-:/udes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

f.! 

.!! 

c 

~ 

"""' °' °' .... 

c 

~ 

i 

2000 

0.45 

0.40 

0.35 

0.30 

0.25 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

-0.05 

Cost and Savi1~g of Clothes Washers 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

1 ·,.,~-•Price Change 

-Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving i,. 

.... ~ 

. ... ..... 

... .... 

" ... 

" " ... 

~ uu ~ .. 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.23 

0.43 

2.25 

0.11 

2.15 

21 

2030 

Figure D.29 10% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 42 Lower Bound Case 
Table D.30.1 15% Efficiency Level: Eneri?Y and Water Savine:s 

fi~om 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.23 

0.97 

1.81 

0.14 

0.53 

0.98 

0.09 

0.39 

0.75 

0.01 

0.02 

0.05 

0.00 

0.02 

0.04 

Table D.30.2 15°/o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Sa,·ing of Clothes Washers 

'C 

.! 

Ci 

~ 

r--

"' "' ... 

I: 

s 

~ 

2000 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 -

0.0 

-0.1 -

2005 2010 

C3J Price Change 

,... energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa\t'ing 

"' "' , 

i.... 

,I 

i,..-

, 

i,..-

,I 

ItLI ' I 

l 

2015 2020 2025 

lo-

"' .... 

i,..-

,, 

~ 

' • i ~ !; ! ~ : ~ :i ,; ~ 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.22 

0.42 

3.84 

0.46 

3.38 

8.4 

2030 

i 

Figure D.30 15% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 43 Lower Bound Case 
Ti1tble D.31.1 20% Efficiency Level: Enere:v and Water Savin2s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

ilo 2020 

1to 2030 

0.28 

1.17 

2.20 

0.16 

0.62 

1.15 . 

0.11 

0.49 

0.95 

0.01 

0.03 

0.06 

0.01 

0.02 

0.05 

Table D.31.2 20% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and Saving of Clothes 'Vashrrs 

r: 

.!! 

'Ci 

i::1 

f'· 

o. 

o. 

.. , 

Cl 

~! 

C:i 

2000 

1.0 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0.0 

-0.2 

-0.4 

2005 2010 

k·' '"·'Price Change 

- Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa-.Ang 

.... ,. i.... ,. ,. 

"" ,. 

\ ,,. , ' ,.., " 

2015 2020 2025 

.. ... .. i.... 

,· 

' , 

(trillion gals) 

0.06 

0.28 

0.54 

4.66 

1.73 

2.93 

2.7 

•. 

' 

2030 

'· 

Fi~:ure D.31 20% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 44 Lower Bound Case 
Table D.32.1 25% Efficienc Level: Ener and Water Savin s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.50 

2.17 

4.14 

0.28 

1.15 

2.17 

0.19 

0.91 

1.79 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

0.01 

0.04 

0.08 

Table D.32.2 25% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Water 

Saving 

(trillion gals) 

1.01 

4.78 

9.32 

1.·. CumuI~~yefor·c1othes.W~lie~:~~~e9~9~·2003 to 2030. 

t .. ·· Discounted at 7%'to.veafl99!V(iribilli0lfl997dollars) .· 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

* includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

!:! 

.!! 

cs 

Q 

r--

Cl\ 

O'I 

-

= 

~ 

iS 

2000 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

0.0 

-0.5 

-1.0 

-1.5 

,, . I 

<Bost and Sa,·ing of Clothes Washers j I : 

2005 2010 201.5 2020 2025 

c::::J Price Change 

111111 Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

... ... . .... ... .... ... "" ., .... ... ... 

\ y 

~ .... ... ~ 

15.00 

6.80 

8.19 

2.2 

2030 

Figure D.32 25% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 45 Lower Bound Case 
Tatble D.33.1 35% Efficiency Level: Enemv and Water Savin2s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.62 

2.92 

5.88 

0.40 

1.77 

3.50 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.20 

1.05 

2.15 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.01 

0.06 

0.13 

0.01 

0.05 

0.10 

Cost and Sa,·ing of Clothes \Yashers 

E! 

.!! 

'Ci 

~l 

t-• c, 

C\ 

.... 

c: 

~! iii 

2000 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

c:::::i Price Change 

1!1!11J Energy & Water Saving 

-· - Net Sa\Ang 

I-' :,; 

"" '" 

\! ~ ~ ~ 

~ i I i I I ~ ' I 

J~ :. l :..,. i ~ ! :,; ' ' . ~ ' i I• \ ·, r " ' ~! 

- I 

2015 2020 2025 

~ 

"" lo" 

; 

lo" 

; 

I I I ! i ' ! ' i 

(trillion gals) 

1.18 

6.18 

12.72 

20.39 

11.32 

9.07 

1.8 

' 

2030 

' " 

' ~; 

Figure D.33 35% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 46 Lower Bound Case 
T a e bl D . 34 . 1 40CX 0 Effi 1c1ency . L eve: IE ner!!V an dW ater s . avm!!S .· .. ·; 

Energy·Saving in QlJa<ls ,<:'··::,· ;):-· 

·-.~··,. :·.--. Water 

?:Total .. Blee · .· Gas ' Oil' . LPcG Saving 

from 2003 (trillion gals) 

to 2010 0.62 0.40 0.20 0.01 0.01 1.18 

to 2020 2.95 1.78 1.05 0.06 0.05 6.18 

to 2030 5.92 3.53 2.16 0.13 0.10 12.72 

Table D.34.2 40% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

· CtimltJatj;y~ for Cloth~s W~h~~2B;ut9pased frq1ll2003, to;.f-OpO ·· . . ··· · ·, D1sc~forited.at'7% fo'vetit11:99o/."lnt(billi0n·1997 dollars)"{'.. 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

* includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

2000 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

c 

.! 

Q 

Q 2.0 

rC\ 

C\ 

- 1.0 c: 

:5 

i:i5 0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

• I ' 

€ost and Sa,·ing of €lo th cs \Vashers ' 

2005 2010 

c:::J Price Change 

_.Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa~ng 

I , 

2015 2020 2025 

' 

-

20.48 

11.37 

9.11 

1.8 

.. 

2030 

Figure D.34 40% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 47 Lower Bound Case 
T a bl e D . 35 . 1 45°1< 0 Effi 1c1ency . L l E eve: ner!!V an dW ater s . avm2s 

Energy'.$avirig in Quads ., 

Water 

Total Elec Gas Oil <t~b Saving 

from 2003 (trillion gals) 

to 2010 0.66 0.45 0.19 0.01 0.01 0.87 

to 2020 3.29 2.12 1.06 0.06 0.05 4.84 

to 2030 6.89 4.39 2.26 0.13 0.10 10.28 

Table D.35.2 45% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Cumlila~ve.for Clo!hes \Vashets~l?ufoha8ed fiom?2001tO2030 . 

DiseC>iliited at 7%to~~ar19Q;7diD.billioril§~7 dollars) :} .. ·.· 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

20.17 

15.08 

5.09 

1.3 

* includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

i: 

.!! 

c 

~ 

r-

°' -

°' 

= 5 

= 

2000 

5.0 -

4.0 

3.0 -

2.0 

1.0 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

-3.0 

, \ , l I 

@ost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

' ' 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

c:=JPrice Change 

1B11Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

"" "" !,.-

... !,.-

... 

""' \; I-' "" L ,... i.- p 

I-' 

I• I• I• 

~ 

2030 

•· 

Figure D.35 45% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 48 Lower Bound Case 
Table D.36.1 50% Efficien Level: Ener 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.69 

3.45 

7.28 

0.47 

2.26 

4.72 

0.19 

1.08 

2.33 

0.01 

0.06 

0.13 

0.01 

0.05 

0.10 

(trillion gals) 

0.86 

4.80 

10.23 

Table D.36.2 50% Efficien Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

~ 

.!! 2.0 

c; 

~ 

'""' Cl'\ 1.0 Cl'\ 

.... 

1:1 

.s 

~ 

0.0 

-1.0 

-2.0 

-3.0 

2000 

-

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washc.•rs 

2005 2010 

c:::::J Price Change 

l!!!!!l!!!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa.,,;ng 

2015 2020 2025 

20.85 

15.57 

5.28 

1.3 

2030 

Figure D.36 50% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 49 Lower Bound Case 
Ta.hie D.37.1 So/o Efficiency Level: Enert!V and Water Savin!!S 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.04 

0.16 

0.32 

0.03 

0.10 

0.20 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.01 

0.05 

0.11 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Cost and Sa,·ing of Cloth.cs \Vas hers 

2000 

0.5 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

c:::J Price Change 

0.4 

IBilll Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa\Ang "" ... .... "" .. r! 0.3 .. ... .! 

c; 

= 

"" "" ,,,. 

r-- 0.2 °" °" 

- ,,,. 

"" "" c: "" ~ 0.1 

= 

0.0 

... 

"" .. 

~ ... 

. ·" 

-0.1 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.24 

0.47 

1.74 

0.00 

1.74 

416 

2030 

"" "" "" "" 

Fig.ure D.37 5% Efficiency Level: Annual ~ost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 50 Upper Bound Case 
Table D.38.1 10% Efficiency Level: Enerl?V and Water Savinl!S 

from200J 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

.0.13 

0.55 

1.06 

0.08 

0.32 

0.61 

· -Cumull3'.tio/~~1for,;~lpij("'·· 

_·: ;_nis26-dfi~&a.iffi%! 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.04 

0.21 

0.41 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

Cost and Saving of Clothes 'Vash(•rs 

r: 

.! 

Ci 

Q 

r--

"' 

-

"' i:= 

~ l:C 

2000 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 -

0.2 -

0.1 

0.0 

-0.1 · -

2005 2010 

c::::J Price Change 

11!1!!!!1 Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Sa"1ng 

/ 

/ 

... / ,, ... 

~ 

2015 2020 2025 

~ 

~ .... .... 

.... .... - ~ 

"" ... / 

... 

(trillion gals) 

0.05 

0.24 

0.47 

3.38 

0.06 

3.32 

55 

.... .... 

2030 

.... 

Figure D.38 10% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 51 Upper Bound Case 
T a e bl D . . 39 1 15o/c 0 Effi 1c1ency . L eve: IE ner2V an dW a t er, S avmgs . 

I T~~l . Energy Saving in Quads ' : . • Water 

Elec ·• Gas Oil. LPG Saving 

from 2003 (trillion gals) 

to 2010 0.24 0.14 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.05 

to 2020 1.03 0.56 0.42 0.03 0.02 0.24 

to 2030 1.98 1.06 0.82 0.05 0.04 0.46 

Table D.39.2 15% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Cumulativefor Clothes Wasliersllritchased fToffi,~003Jo'2030 

.. , ,< .•·.··· .. JDisc:giuitect'.~t.i1%to~ear.1997<hibillionH99:o/aolliir~) .... · .> .... 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

* includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

f 

.!! 

c 

i::i 

rCl\ 

Cl\ 

-

= 

~ 

i:6 

2000 

1.2 

1.0 -

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0.0 

-0.2 

. . ·•· I 

Cost and Saving of Clothes :\\rashers 

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 

c:::J Price Change 

-Energy & Water Saving ,... 

--Net Sa\.ing ... ,... -,... 

... - v - ,,, v ,,, :.-- ,,, ,,, ... ,,, ,.. 

di 

uuu 

5.31 

0.41 

4.91 

13 

-,... 

2030 

Figure D.39 15% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 52 Upper Bound Case 
Ta.hie D.40.1 20% Efficienc Level: Ene and Water Savin s · 

from 2003 

1to 2010 

ito 2020 

ltO 2030 

0.29 

1.25 

2.42 

0.17 

0.67 

1.26 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.11 

0.53 

1.04 

*includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.01 

0.03 

0.06 

0.01 

0.03 

0.05 

Cost ~rnd Sa,·ing of Clothes Washers 

r! 

.!! 

c 

Q 

.,.. 

°' 

~ 

c: 

~ 

= 

2000 

1.6 

1.4 

1.2 

1.0 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0.0 

-0.2 

-0.4 

2005 2010 

,,, .. ,,•Price Change 

li!!!!!B Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

"" :,,. 

:,,. "' 

I" "' 

"' 

m DI 

... :,,. 

[t1J i ' l ! 1 i ~ 1 .. .. 

201.5 2020 2025 

-... ... .... ... :,,. 

"' "' 

' 

i i ! j . ' , ' \ 

l ~ ' i ' ! i .. .. ' 

' ' 

6.53 

1.34 

5.19 

4.9 

... 

! ) 

~ .. 

2030 

- .... 

.. 

Fii~ure D.40 20% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 53 Upper Bound Case 
Table D.41.1 25% Efficiency Level: Enerav and Water Savine:s 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.54 

2.36 

4.59 

0.31 

1.26 

2.40 

0.21 

1.00 

1.98 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

0.01 

0.05 

0.09 

(trillion gals) 

1.10 

5.21 

10.34 

Tahle D.41.2 25% Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

32.13 

5.97 

. 26.16 

5.4 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

f 

~ 

0 

~ 

r--

°' °' .... 

c 

EE 

l:Q 

2000 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

4.0 

2.0 

0.0 

-2.0 

2005 2010 

1.e,.!Price Change 

llili!IEnergy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

.. ... ... ... ... 

... m m.J.. ... ... 

"'1H1 L:I L:I .. I 1 ' 

2020 2025 

... .... ... .... .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... 

j ~ ' \ ' 1· ~ .. .. 

2030 

lo' 

l 

.. 

Figure D.41 25% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 54 Upper Bound Case . 
Ta.hie D.42.1 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

35% Efficiency Level: Ene11?Y and Water Savin~s 

0.78 

3.44 

6.79 

0.50 

2.08 

4.04 

0.25 

1.23 

2.48 

0.02 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

(trillion gals) 

1.48 

7.26 

14.66 

Table D.42.2 35o/o Efficienc Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer . 

Cost and Saving of Clothes \Yashcrs 

2000 

16.0 

14.0 

12.0 

I: 10.0 Ill 

=E 8.0 ~ 

... 

~ 6.0 ... 

.e 4.o 

~ 2.0 

0.0 

-2.0 

-4.0 

2005 2010 

c:a Price Change 

liil!i!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

.... 

"' "' .. m 1 IJ. ... .... ... 

~IJ l.J I i I 

} 

2015 2020 2025 

"' ,. ... .... .... ... 

"' ,. "' .... .... 

I ' ' ' ~ ! 1 i I ; 

• ' i i 

46.17 

12.22 

33.95 

3.8 

.... ,. .... 

' ' 

2030 

"' 

Figure D.42 35% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 55 Upper Bound Case 
----------

Table D.43.1 40% Efficiency Level: Enen!V and Water Savings 

from 2003 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.78 

3.47 

6.83 

0.50 

2.10 

4.08 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.25 

1.23 

2.49 

• includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.02 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers 

I: 

s 

0 

t::i 

rCl\ 

Cl\ 

-c:I 

:S 

ii5 

2000 

16.0 

14.0 

12.0 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

4.0 

2.0 

o.o 

-2.0 

-4.0 

2005 2010 

c::::!I Price Change 

li!!l!!I Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

... ... ... .... 

... ramll .. .... 

'M-f:H1U ' ' .. l ! 

2015 2020 2025 

.... ... ,,. .... .. ... .... .... ... .... ... 

~ ! ' ' j ' ' I ; ~ ~ .. ~ 

(trillion gals) 

1.48 

7.26 

14.66 

46.28 

12.26 

34.01 

3.8 

2030 

,,. ,,. .... .... 

; 

Fig.ure D.43 40% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 56 Upper Bound Case 
Ta1ble D.44.1 

from 2003 

1to 2010 

1to 2020 

1to 2030 

45% Efficiency Level: Ener!!V and Water Savin~s 

0.86 

3.95 

7.94 

0.59 

2.54 

5.04 

0.25 

1.27 

2.63 

0.01 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

(trillion gals) 

1.18 

5.97 

12.27 

Table D.44.2 45°./o Efficiency Level: Cost and Net Present Values 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

I: 

..!!! 

Q 

~ 

" °' °' .... 

= :3 

= 

2000 

14.0 

12.0 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

4.0 

2.0 

0.0 

-2.0 

-4.0 

2005 2010 

C9 Price Change 

-Energy & Water Saving 

-Net Saving 

... .. 

-·· ... .. ... 

~ 'l--1. . ' ~ : ~ i j I ~ 1 ,, . 

2015 2020 2025 

lo" 

lo" .. ... lo" .. ... .. .... "' .... "' 

1: I ' ~ ~ i ; ! ' ! .. 

43.33 

16.99 

26.33 

2.5 

.. ... .. 

I· 

2030 

... 

Fi~:ure D.44 45% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 57 Upper Bound Case 
Ta.hie D.45.1 50% Efficiency Level: Enere:v and Water Savine;s 

from 2003· 

to 2010 

to 2020 

to 2030 

0.91 

4.15 

8.37 

0.62 

2.71 

5.40 

Total Energy and Water Saving* 

Total Equipment Cost 

Net Present Benefit 

Benefit/Cost Ratio 

0.26 

1.31 

2.70 

•includes savings through the entire lifetime of the washer 

0.01 

0.07 

0.15 

0.01 

0.06 

0.12 

Cost and SaYing of Clothes Washers 

r! 

.!! 

Q 

.:= 

r-

°' °' 

-Cl 

5 

= 

2000 

14.0 

12.0 

10.0 

8.0 

6.0 

4.0 

2.0 

0.0 

-2.0 

-4.0 

2005 2010 

CE51Price Change 

ll!m Energy & Water Saving 

--Net Saving 

"" ,; 

I-" .... 

- Ill ~ 

... 

u .... ' ; , i 

! . 

2020 2025 

... .. "' .. i.- ... 

... .... .. I"' ,; 

,; 

' ' ; ' ' i ; 

' ' ; i \ ! ; \ 

' 

(trillion gals) 

1.17 

5.95 

12.25 

44.25 

17.60 

26.65 

2.5 

2030 

.... .... .... 

"' 

' 

Fig;ure D.45 50% Efficiency Level: Annual Cost and Saving of Clothes Washers due to 

Standards 

Sensitivity Scenario: 58 Upper Bound Case