Filed 10/3/13 P. v. Castaneda CA4/1 

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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

DIVISION ONE 

STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

THE PEOPLE, 

 Plaintiff and Respondent, 

 v. 

MIGUEL CHRISTOPHER CASTANEDA, 

 Defendant and Appellant. 

 D062947 

 (Super. Ct. No. SCD229621) 

 APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Frederick 

Maguire, Judge. Affirmed as modified and remanded with directions. 

 Richard Power for Defendant and Appellant, under appointment by the Court of 

Appeal. 

 Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Julie L. Garland, Assistant 

Attorneys General, Alana Cohen Butler, James D. Dutton, Deputy Attorneys General. 
2 

 In October 2012, the court revoked Miguel Christopher Castaneda's probation, 

sentenced him to 12 years in prison and imposed fines of $2,400 each for restitution 

(§ 1202.4, subd. (b)) and probation revocation (§ 1202.44), in addition to fines of $200 

each for those purposes previously imposed in June 2011. 

Castaneda contends the trial court abused its discretion in revoking his probation. 

He also contends the court improperly imposed the additional $2,400 fines. The People 

concede the trial court erred in imposing those fines, and we agree. We modify the 

judgment to strike those fines, and otherwise affirm the judgment. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 

In October 2010, the People charged Castaneda with assaulting Jose Galeanna 

with a deadly weapon (Pen. Code,1 § 245, subd. (a)(1); count 1) dissuading a witness 

by force or threat (§ 136.1 subd. (c)(1); count 2) and making a criminal threat (§ 422; 

count 3). As to count one, it was alleged Castaneda personally used a deadly weapon 

(§ 1192.7, subd. (c)(23)) and personally inflicted great bodily injury upon someone who 

was not an accomplice to the offense (§ 12022.7, subd. (a)). A gang enhancement was 

alleged as to each count. (§ 186.22.) 

 Jose Galeanna testified at the preliminary hearing that in March 2010, Castaneda 

took a homeless man's fishing pole and hit the man with it. Galeanna criticized 

Castaneda for that. Castaneda left and returned shortly afterwards with two friends. 

Castaneda hit Galeanna in the face with a pipe, rendering him unconscious. Galeanna 

 

1 All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated. 
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required surgery for his broken cheek and jaw and chipped teeth, and at trial he still 

experienced pain from his injuries. 

In May 2011, Castaneda pleaded guilty to count 1 and admitted the great bodily 

injury and gang enhancements. The trial court dismissed the rest of the allegations. 

(People v. Harvey (1979) 25 Cal.3d 754.) 

 In June 2011, Castaneda was placed on probation on condition he serve 365 days 

in jail. He also was required to get treatment and therapy as suggested by validated tests, 

and stop using alcohol and drugs. 

 In February 2012, Castaneda admitted a probation violation; therefore, his 

probation was revoked. In March 2012 his probation was reinstated. 

 In July 2012, Castaneda denied allegations that he violated his probation by 

committing assault. 

At an October 10, 2012 evidentiary hearing, Castaneda's probation officer testified 

regarding her dealings with Castaneda after his May 14, 2012 release from custody. She 

reviewed his probation conditions with him. Castaneda underwent a urinalysis, which 

returned positive results for methamphetamine. The probation officer directed him to 

enroll into a long-term residential treatment program. He did so for one day then 

abandoned the program. The probation officer attempted to contact Castaneda by phone 

and mail to discuss his test results, but received no response. Police informed the 

probation officer of Castaneda's June 3, 2012 arrest for being under the influence of a 

controlled substance. (Health and Saf. Code, § 11550.) Castaneda never complied with 
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his probation conditions requiring him to, among other things, inform the probation 

officer of his arrest and register as a gang member. 

Castaneda conceded at the hearing that he had violated his probation, but 

explained he had experienced a rough time after he had lost his house and his mother 

died. He stated he had since obtained $50 to pay the intake fee at a residential treatment 

facility, which he was willing to enter if the court reinstated his probation. 

DISCUSSION 

I. 

 Castaneda contends the court abused its discretion by revoking his probation 

instead of placing him in a residential treatment program. 

In reviewing an order revoking probation, we give great deference to the trial 

court's decision, bearing in mind that "[p]robation is not a matter of right but an act of 

clemency, the granting and revocation of which are entirely within the sound discretion 

of the trial court." (People v. Pinon (1973) 35 Cal.App.3d 120, 123.) "It has long been 

recognized that the Legislature . . . intended to give trial courts very broad discretion in 

determining whether a probationer has violated probation." (People v. Rodriguez (1990) 

51 Cal.3d 437, 443.) "Such discretion 'implies that in the absence of positive law or fixed 

rule the judge is to decide a question by his [or her] view of expediency or of the demand 

of equity and justice.' " (Id. at p. 445.) 

But trial court discretion is not unlimited. " ' " 'The discretion of a trial judge is 

not a whimsical, uncontrolled power, but a legal discretion, which is subject to the 

limitations of legal principles governing the subject of its action, and to reversal on 
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appeal where no reasonable basis for the action is shown.' " ' " (People v. Jacobs (2007) 

156 Cal.App.4th 728, 737.) Abuse of discretion has both a factual component and a legal 

component. (Ibid.) While the court's discretion is very broad, its determination must be 

based on the facts before it. (People v. Zaring (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 362, 378.) 

Here, we conclude Castaneda has not made a showing the court abused its 

discretion in declining to reinstate him on probation. It was not irrational for the court to 

withdraw its grant of clemency in light of Castaneda's repeated failure to comply with 

several probation requirements. On this record, the court reasonably found Castaneda's 

latest pledge to comply with the probation terms unavailing. 

II. 

 The People concede, and we agree, the trial court erroneously imposed additional 

restitution and parole revocation fines under sections 1202.4, subdivision (b), and 

1202.44. After Castaneda's probation was revoked, the original fines remained in effect. 

(People v. Marichalar (2003) 144 Cal.App.4th 1331, 1337.) Accordingly, we strike the 

additional $2,400 fines imposed in October 2012; the $200 fines imposed for those 

purposes on June 8, 2011, remain in effect. 
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DISPOSITION 

 We strike the restitution and parole revocation fines for $2,400 each imposed 

under Penal Code sections 1202.4, subdivision (b), and 1202.44, and therefore the 

original fines of $200 each remain in effect. As so modified, the judgment is affirmed. 

The matter is remanded and the trial court directed to amend the abstract of judgment 

accordingly, and forward a certified copy of the amended abstract to the Department of 

Corrections and Rehabilitation. 

O'ROURKE, J. 

WE CONCUR: 

McCONNELL, P. J. 

AARON, J.