[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 17-14583

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket No. 1:16-cr-20840-PCH-8

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

 Plaintiff-Appellee,

 versus

ALEXIS VALDES GONZALEZ, 

 Defendant-Appellant.

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Southern District of Florida

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(November 13, 2018)

Before WILSON, JORDAN and HULL, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

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After pleading guilty, Alexis Valdes Gonzalez appeals his 160-month 

sentence for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute methamphetamine, in 

violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(A)(viii), and 846, and possession of 

a firearm and ammunition by a convicted felon, in violation of 18 U.S.C. 

§ 922(g)(1). On appeal, Valdes Gonzalez argues that the district court erred in 

designating him a career offender under the Sentencing Guidelines. In particular, 

Valdes Gonzalez contends that his Florida conviction for kidnapping does not 

qualify as a “crime of violence” under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a). After review, we 

affirm.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

In the fall of 2015, as part of an investigation into a Miami-based drug 

trafficking organization, a confidential source made three controlled buys of 

methamphetamine from defendant Valdes Gonzalez. In early 2016, the 

confidential source purchased a firearm and ammunition from Valdes Gonzalez, 

who is a convicted felon. Among Valdes Gonzalez’s prior felony convictions 

were: (1) Florida convictions for kidnapping with a weapon and armed burglary 

with assault or battery in February 1998; and (2) a Florida conviction for 

possession with intent to sell, manufacture or deliver cocaine and cannabis in 

November 2010. 

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Pursuant to a plea agreement, Valdes Gonzalez pled guilty to one count of 

conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute 50 grams or more of 

methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(A)(viii), and 

846 (Count 1), and possession of a firearm and ammunition by a convicted felon, 

in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) (Count 2). 

At sentencing, the district court determined, based on Valdes Gonzalez’s 

1998 conviction for kidnapping and his 2010 conviction for possession of cocaine 

and marijuana with intent to sell, manufacture or deliver, that Valdes Gonzalez was 

a “career offender” under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a). This designation resulted in an 

increased offense level and an enhanced criminal history category under U.S.S.G. 

§ 4B1.1(b), producing an advisory guidelines range of 262 to 327 months’ 

imprisonment. After hearing from the parties and considering the 18 U.S.C. 

§ 3553(a) factors, the district court varied downward by 102 months and imposed a

total sentence of 160 months’ imprisonment, consisting of a 160-month sentence 

on Count 1 and a 120-month sentence on Count 2, to be served concurrently with 

the sentence on Count 1. 

II. DISCUSSION

A. Career Offender Guidelines

A defendant is a career offender under the Sentencing Guidelines if: (1) he 

was at least 18 years old at the time he committed the instant offense of conviction; 

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(2) the instant offense of conviction is a felony that is either a “crime of violence” 

or a “controlled substance offense”; and (3) he has at least two prior felony 

convictions for either a “crime of violence” or a “controlled substance offense.” 

U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a). A “crime of violence” is defined as any felony that:

(1) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of 

physical force against the person of another, or

(2) is murder, voluntary manslaughter, kidnapping, aggravated 

assault, a forcible sex offense, robbery, arson, extortion, or the use or 

unlawful possession of a firearm described in 26 U.S.C. § 5845(a) or 

explosive material as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 841(c).

U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a) (emphasis added). Section 4B1.2(a)(1) is commonly referred 

to as the “elements clause,” and § 4B1.2(a)(2) contains the “enumerated offenses 

clause.” See United States v. Lockley, 632 F.3d 1238, 1240-41 (11th Cir. 2011). 

A “controlled substance offense” is defined as a felony that “prohibits the 

manufacture, import, export, distribution, or dispensing of a controlled substance 

. . . or the possession of a controlled substance . . . with intent to manufacture, 

import, export, distribute, or dispense.” U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(b).

B. Valdes Gonzalez’s Claim

In this appeal, Valdes Gonzalez does not dispute that he satisfies the first 

two career-offender criteria in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a). As to the third criteria—

whether Valdes Gonzalez has “at least two” qualifying prior felony convictions—

Valdes Gonzalez does not dispute that his prior Florida felony conviction for 

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possession of cocaine and marijuana with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver 

qualifies as a controlled substance offense. Thus, the only issue raised is whether 

Valdes Gonzalez has a second qualifying prior felony conviction. Valdes 

Gonzalez argues that his Florida kidnapping conviction does not qualify as a 

predicate crime of violence as defined in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a).1

As the district court noted at the time of Valdes Gonzalez’s sentencing, this 

Court has already concluded in In re Burgest, 829 F.3d 1285 (11th Cir. 2016), that 

Florida kidnapping categorically qualifies as a “crime of violence” under 

§ 4B1.2(a)’s enumerated offenses clause. See In re Burgest, 829 F.3d at 1287. In 

that case, this Court said: “Burgest was classified as a career offender based on his 

two prior convictions for manslaughter and kidnapping. Both offenses are 

categorically crimes of violence. The commentary to section 4B1.2 states that 

‘crime of violence’ includes . . . manslaughter [and] kidnapping . . . U.S.S.G. 

§ 4B1.2 n.1.” Id. (quotation marks omitted). The Burgest Court added that “we 

have recognized, based on the decision of the Supreme Court in Stinson v. United 

States, that ‘the definition of ‘crime of violence’ provided by the Guidelines 

commentary is authoritative.’” Id. (quoting United States v. Hall, 714 F.3d 1270, 

1274 (11th Cir. 2013)) (citation omitted).

 

1

This Court reviews de novo whether a prior conviction qualifies as a “crime of violence” 

under the Sentencing Guidelines. Lockley, 632 F.3d at 1240. 

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Thus, Valdes Gonzalez’s argument that his Florida kidnapping conviction is 

not a crime of violence is foreclosed by this Court’s binding precedent. See United 

States v. Archer, 531 F.3d 1347, 1352 (11th Cir. 2008) (providing that under this 

Circuit’s prior panel precedent rule, this Court is bound to follow a prior panel’s 

holding that has not been overruled or undermined to the point of abrogation by 

this Court sitting en banc or by the Supreme Court).

Valdes Gonzalez argues that we are not bound by In re Burgest because it 

was decided in the context of an application for leave to file a second or successive 

28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion. This Court recently rejected such an argument, 

however, holding in a direct appeal case that “law established in published threejudge orders issued pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b) in the context of applications 

for leave to file a second or successive § 2255 motions [is] binding precedent on all

subsequent panels of this Court, including those reviewing direct appeals and 

collateral attacks, ‘unless and until they are overruled or undermined to the point of 

abrogation by the Supreme Court or by this court sitting en banc.’” United States 

v. St. Hubert, 883 F.3d 1319, 1329 (11th Cir. 2018) (quoting Archer, 531 F.3d at 

1352) (alterations omitted). While Valdes Gonzalez suggests St. Hubert was 

wrongly decided, we are bound by St. Hubert for the same reasons we are bound 

by In re Burgest. Neither this Court sitting en banc nor the Supreme Court has 

overruled or abrogated them.

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In light of our binding precedent, the district court correctly concluded that 

Valdes Gonzalez’s Florida kidnapping conviction qualified as a crime of violence 

under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a)(2). Because Valdes Gonzalez had two qualifying prior 

felony convictions under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2, the district court did not err in 

determining that Valdes Gonzalez was a career offender and calculating his 

advisory guidelines range under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(b). 

AFFIRMED.

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