[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 16-15007

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket No. 4:15-cv-00169-RH-CAS

THEODORE MENUT, 

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

 versus

FLORIDA COMMISSION ON OFFENDER REVIEW, 

TENA M. PATE, 

BERNARD R. COHEN, SR., 

MELINDA N. COONROD, 

 Defendant-Appellees.

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Florida

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(October 26, 2018)

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Before MARTIN, JILL PRYOR, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

Plaintiff Theodore Menut, a Florida prisoner proceeding pro se,

1 appeals the 

district court’s dismissal of his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil action against Defendants: 

three Commissioners of the Florida Commission on Offender Review 

(“Commission”). Briefly stated, Plaintiff contends that Defendants relied 

knowingly on false information in calculating Plaintiff’s Presumptive Parole 

Release Date (“PPRD”) and, thus, violated Plaintiff’s due process rights. The 

district court dismissed sua sponte Plaintiff’s second amended complaint for failure 

to state a claim, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). No reversible error has 

been shown; we affirm.

We review de novo a district court’s dismissal under section 

1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), viewing the allegations in the complaint as true. Evans v. Ga. 

Reg’l Hosp., 850 F.3d 1248, 1253 (11th Cir. 2017). In reviewing a dismissal under 

section 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), we apply the same standard that applies to dismissals 

under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). Id. 

 1 We construe liberally pro se pleadings. Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d 1262, 1263 

(11th Cir. 1998).

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To survive dismissal, “a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, 

accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. 

Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quotation omitted). To state a plausible claim for 

relief, plaintiffs must go beyond merely pleading the “sheer possibility” of 

unlawful activity by a defendant; plaintiffs must offer “factual content that allows 

the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the 

misconduct alleged.” Id. “Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to 

relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 

(2007). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by 

mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 

Generally speaking, Florida prisoners have no liberty interest in parole and, 

thus, can state no due process claim based on the calculation of the inmate’s 

PPRD. Damiano v. Fla. Parole & Prob. Comm’n, 785 F.2d 929, 931-32 (11th Cir. 

1986) (no liberty interest exists in the Florida Commission’s calculation of an 

inmate’s PPRD); Hunter v. Fla. Parole & Prob. Comm’n, 674 F.2d 847, 848 (11th 

Cir. 1982) (in the context of a 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition, rejecting a due process 

claim based on the calculation of petitioner’s PPRD because Florida statutes create 

no constitutionally protected liberty interest in parole).

A claim for violation of due process may, however, arise when the parole 

board engages in “flagrant or unauthorized action.” Monroe v. Thigpen, 932 F.2d 

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1437, 1442 (11th Cir. 1991). A parole board exceeds its authority -- and acts 

“arbitrarily and capriciously in violation of due process” -- when it relies 

knowingly on false information in making decisions about parole. Id. To state a 

due process claim based on the parole board’s use of false information, a prisoner 

must do more than make conclusory allegations. Jones v. Ray, 279 F.3d 944, 946 

(11th Cir. 2001). “Without evidence of the Board’s reliance on false information, 

a prisoner cannot succeed.” Id. 

In his second amended complaint, Plaintiff alleged that Defendants 

“knowingly used untrue information in calculating the PPRD, or were deliberately 

indifferent to incorrect information in calculating the PPRD.” In particular, 

Plaintiff challenges Defendants’ determinations that Plaintiff (1) had one or two 

prior convictions, (2) had one prior incarceration, (3) had up to two years’ time 

served, (4) was first incarcerated at 17 years’ old or younger; and (5) had attempted 

to conceal evidence of his crime. 

First, Plaintiff alleges no facts supporting his contention that Defendants’ 

determinations about his criminal history were incorrect. Moreover, pertinent 

documents from Plaintiff’s state court post-conviction proceedings support the 

challenged findings.2

 

 2 In determining whether Plaintiff’s complaint was subject to dismissal, the district court 

considered -- and took judicial notice of -- two state court orders entered in Plaintiff’s postconviction proceedings and the Commission Action Form calculating Plaintiff’s challenged 

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Even if we accept that the information about Plaintiff’s criminal history was 

incorrect, Plaintiff has also alleged no facts that would support a reasonable 

inference that Defendants knew that the information was false. Absent factual 

support, Plaintiff’s conclusory allegations that Defendants knowingly relied on 

false information are insufficient to state a plausible claim for a due process 

violation. The district court committed no error in dismissing Plaintiff’s second 

amended complaint for failure to state a claim. 

Plaintiff also appears to assert that the district court erred in dismissing his 

complaint without first requesting a confidential document “central to his claim.” 

We reject this argument. In determining whether a plaintiff has stated a claim for 

relief, the district court -- with limited exceptions -- considers only the allegations 

set forth in the complaint. Because the district court concluded that Plaintiff failed 

to allege facts sufficient to state a claim for relief, Plaintiff’s complaint was subject 

to dismissal under section 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), and Plaintiff was entitled to no 

discovery or evidentiary hearing. 

AFFIRMED.

 

PPRD. Because the authenticity of these extrinsic documents is unchallenged and because these 

documents are central to Plaintiff’s claim, the district court committed no error in considering 

these documents as part of its section 1915(e)(2)(B) review. See U.S. ex . rel. Osheroff v. 

Humana Inc., 776 F.3d 805, 811 & n.4 (11th Cir. 2015).

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