#### Malek SINGH, Petitioner, v. Jefferson B. SESSIONS III, United States Attorney General, Respondent.

16-458

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

November 16, 2017

FOR PETITIONER: Amy Nussbaum Gell, Ge 11 & Ge 11, New York, NY.

FOR RESPONDENT: Benjamin C. Mizer, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Anthony C. Payne, Assistant Director; Liza S. Murcia, Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC.

*45PRESENT: JOSÉ A. CABRANES, GERARD E. LYNCH, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.

SUMMARY ORDER

Petitioner Malek Singh, a native and citizen of India, seeks review of a January 19, 2016, decision of the BIA affirming an August 22, 2014, decision of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denying Singh’s applicar tion for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). *In re Malek Singh,*No. [ A XXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. Jan. 19, 2016), *aff'g*No. [ A XXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Aug. 22, 2014). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.

Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed both the BIA’s and IJ’s decisions. *See Yun-Zui Guan v. Gonzales,*432 F.3d 391, 394 (2d Cir. 2005). The standards of review are well established. *See*8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); *Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey,*534 F.3d 162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008).

The agency may, “Considering the totality of the ’circumstances, .,. base a credibility determination on the demeanor, candor, or responsiveness of the applicant or witness,” or on inconsistencies or omissions in an applicant’s oral and written statements and other record evidence, regardless of whether any such discrepancies “go[ ] to the heart of the applicant’s claim.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); *Xiu Xia Lin,*534 F.3d at 163-64; 166-67. “We defer ... to an IJ’s credibility determination unless ... it is plain that no reasonable fact-finder could make such an adverse credibility ruling.” *Xiu Xia Lin,*534 F.3d at 167. The adverse credibility determination in the present case is supported by substantial evidence.

The agency reasonably relied on multiple inconsistencies in Singh’s statements regarding his level of participation in the Indian National Lok Dal party (“Lok Dal”). He gave changing statements about whether he was involved with protests, and whether he was a member. *See*8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); *Xiu Xia Lin,*534 F.3d at 166-67. The agency was not compelled to accept Singh’s explanations that he did not remember the protests at the time he wrote his application and that he was seared during the credible fear interview. *Majidi v. Gonzales,*430 F.3d 77, 80-81 (2d Cir. 2006) (“A petitioner must do more than offer a plausible explanation for his inconsistent statements to secure relief; he must demonstrate that a reasonable fact-finder would be *compelled*to credit his testimony.”(quotation marks and citation omitted)).

The adverse credibility determination is bolstered by inconsistencies in Singh’s statements about whether and when he was warned about his political activity and his lack of coherent responses to questions about the warnings. *Li Hua Lin v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice,*453 F.3d 99, 109 (2d Cir. 2006) (“We can be still more confident in our review of observations about an applicant’s demeanor where, as here, they are supported by specific examples of inconsistent testimony.”). And the agency also reasonably relied on Singh’s evolving and often contradictory explanations for why a letter from Lok Dal was filed late because it reflected a lack of familiarity with his own evidence. *See Xiu Xia Lin,*534 F.3d at 167 (holding that “an IJ may rely on *any*inconsistency ... as long as the ‘totality of the circumstances’ establishes that an asylum applicant is not credible”).

Nor could Singh provide any explanation of an identical error that appeared in his asylum application and two affidavits allegedly independently written and prepared in India. *See Mei Chai Ye v. U.S. Dep’t of*
      *46
      *Justice,*489 F.3d 517, 524 (2d Cir. 2007) (“[Sjtriking similarities between affidavits are an indication that the statements are ‘canned.’”). Singh’s additional arguments were not properly exhausted and will not be considered. His contentions that the IJ failed to develop the record and gave too much weight to his credible fear interview were not raised before the agency. *See Foster v. INS,*376 F.3d 75, 78 (2d Cir. 2004) (requiring exhaustion of issues before the agency).

Given the foregoing findings, substantial evidence supports the adverse credibility determination. *See Xiu Xia Lin,*534 F.3d at 167; *Xian Tuan Ye v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice,*446 F.3d 289, 295 (2d Cir. 2006) (holding that “a material inconsistency in an aspect of [an applicant's story that served as an example of the very persecution from which he sought asylum ... afford[s] substantial evidence to support the adverse credibility finding” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Contrary to Singh’s argument, the adverse credibility determination was dispositive of all relief because it called into question his political activities and past harm, thus infecting his allegation that the police refused to help him. *See Siewe v. Gonzales,*480 F.3d 160, 170 (2d Cir. 2007) (“So a single false document or a single instance of false testimony may (if attributable to the petitioner) infect the balance of the alien’s uncorroborated or unauthenticated -evidence.”); *see also Paul v. Gonzales,*444 F.3d 148, 156-57 (2d Cir. 2006).

For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED.