### From HSDB, accessed 10/28/2009 online

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER

CASRN: 112-36-7

For other data, click on the Table of Contents



### Human Health Effects:

Human Toxicity Excerpts: /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: B. Et hylene glycol and its mono- and diethers... 1. Central nervous depression... 3. Nausea, vomiting, and sometimes diarrhea. 4. ...Headache. Later abdominal and lumbar pain and costoverteb ral angle tenderness. 5. Transient polyuria and then oliguria, progressing to anuria. 6. Acute re nal failure... 7. Less critic al pathological lesions may appear in brain, lungs, liver, meninges a nd heart. /Ethylene gl ycol alkyl ethers/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-26] **PEER REVIEWED**

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ...Skin perm eation was calculated using the Franz cell method with human skin. A physiological solu tion was used as the receiving phase. ...A permeation profile was obtained and steady state, lag time a nd permeation constant flux was calculated for each of the following solvents: ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE), propylene glycol mono-methyl ether (PGMME); propylene glycol mono-methyl ether acetate (PGMMEac); 2-propylene glycol 1-butyl ether (2PG1BE), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME), ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) and diethyle ne glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME). All solvents were tested in their pu re form and with 70% ac etone. For all solvents tested the lag time was <2 hr, and for the majority of them was about 60 min. Flux at steady state ranged between 0.017 +/- 0.005 and 3.435 +/- 1.897 mg/s q cm/hr and permeation rate was from 0.0192 to 1.02 x 10-3 cm/hr. The presence of acetone in the solution cause d a reduction in lag time and an increase in permeation rate, highe r for EGMEE, lower for EGDEE, indicating the enhancing effect of this mixture of solvents. ... [Larese Filon F et al; Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72 (7): 480-4 (1999)]

**PEER REVIEWED** PubMed Abstract

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Ethylene glycol ethers (EGEs) including diglyme are used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Epidemiological studies of semiconductor populations evaluated potential adverse reproductive outcomes. ... In each of these studies, workers were exposed to mixtures including diglyme but not to diglyme al one. ... Exposure to EGEs was determined using questionnaires from subjects about the work performed and an assessment of the work environment by industrial hygienists, but no measur ements of personal or area exposures were
made. Workers in the fabrication area were cons idered exposed to EGEs. For the retrospective study, information on pregnancy outcomes and po tential confounders (age, smoking, ethnicity, education, income, year of pregnancy, and stress) was obtained through a comprehensive
interviewer-administered interview of female employees. The prospective study of early fetal loss and fecundity (probability of conception per menstrual cycle) was co nducted in a subset of female employees from five plants. Daily diar ies and measurements of daily urinary humanchorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels for 6 months were collected in addition to the comprehensive interview. Of the 891 medically verified pregnancies identified for the retrospective study, 774 (86.9%) were live births , 113 (12.7%) were spontaneous abortions, and 4 (0.4%) were stillbirths. The ove rall unadjusted relative risk (RR) for spontaneous abortions
was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 � 2.05) and changed little after adjusting for

confounders (adjusted RR =1.43; 95% CI = 0.95 � 2.09). When stratified by work group, the risk of spontaneous abortion was statistically signi ficantly increased for female workers in the
photolithography group (RR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.04 � 2.55) and in the etching group (RR = 2.08;

95% CI = 1.27 � 3.19). For women working with higher leve ls of EGE only in masking, the risk

for spontaneous abortion was increa sed 3-fold (RR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.61 � 5.73). In the prospective study, no statistically significant diff erences were detected in the overall rate of spontaneous abortions between fabrication and non-fabricati on workers or when pregnancy outcomes were examined by work group. However, the ability to conceive was lower among
female workers exposed to EGEs (fer tility rate [FR] = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.11 � 1.19). /Ethylene glycol ethers/ [International Programme on Chemical Safety; Concise International Chemical Assessment Document Number 41: Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (2002). Available from, as of February 20, 2007: http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html ] **PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure: NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,489 workers (2,128 of these are female) are potentially exposed to diethy lene glycol diethyl ether in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to diethy lene glycol diethyl ether ma y occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplace s where diethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethylene glycol diethy l ether via ingestion of drinking water(SRC). [(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981- 1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/noes/ as of Jan 9, 2007.] **PEER REVIEWED**



### Emergency Medical Treatment:

Emergency Medical Treatment:

EMT Copyright Disclaimer:
Portions of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT( R) database have been provided here for general reference. THE COMPLETE POIS INDEX(R) DATABASE OR MEDITEXT(R)
DATABASE SHOULD BE CONS ULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR
TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. The use of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R)databases is at your sole ri sk. The POISINDEX(R) and MEDI TEXT(R) databases are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warra nties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Micromedex makes no representati on or warranty as to the accu racy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the info rmation contained in the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Micromedex does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the POISINDEX(R) or MEDITEXT(R) databases. Copyright 1974-2009 Thomson MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloa ding," sale, redistribut ion or other use for commercial purposes is a viola tion of Micromedex' rights an d is strictly prohibited.

The following Overview, *** GLYCOL ETHERS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record
chemical. Life Support:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.

Clinical Effects:

0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Based on animal comparative data, the glycol ethers may be more acutely toxic than ethylene glycol; however, this model does not account for toxicity of metabolites. Toxicity in humans following ingestions may be dependent on the metabolic products. 1) Human overdose experience is limited to extremely large ingestions in adults. Experience with smaller
amounts or low concentrations is insufficient to predict whether animal data suggesting significant acute toxicity are relevant to humans. B) CNS depression, renal injury, hyperventilation, hemolysis, and metabolic acidosis have occurred after large ingestions. Onset of symptoms may be delayed for up to 18 hours.
0.2.3 VITAL SIGNS
0.2.4 HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Eye irritation is generally slight, but may be severe with the propyl ether.

0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR
0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Severe hypotension and ventricular dysrhythmias are rare effects of large ingestions of ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE).
0.2.6 RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) ARDS was reported in one case after ingestion of 500 mL of 9.1% ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE).
0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Ataxia, tremor, somnolence, lethargy, headache, dysarthria, blurred vision, coma, and personality changes have been reported after chronic inhalation.B) Coma has been described after ingestion of 30 to 100 mL of pure glycol ethers in adults.

0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hemorrhagic gastritis was seen in a case of fatal poisoning with methyl ether.

0.2.9 HEPATIC
0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Fatty degeneration of the liver was noted on autopsy after a poisoning with methyl ether.

0.2.10 GENITOURINARY
0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Renal tubular necrosis with proteinuria has been seen following oral ingestion. Oxalate crystals were seen in the urine in one patient.

0.2.11 ACID-BASE
0.2.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Metabolic acidosis has been consistently described after large oral ingestions.

0.2.12 FLUID-ELECTROLYTE
0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia have been noted.

0.2.13 HEMATOLOGIC
0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hemolytic anemia, non-hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and DIC have been reported in

overdose.
0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) Teratogenic effects have been observed at maternally non-toxic doses for the methyl ether and ethyl ether of ethylene glycol.
0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY
0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS111-76-2 (IARC,
2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: 2-Butoxyethanol b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. B) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-86-4 (IARC,
2004): 1) Not Listed C) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS110-80-5 (IARC,2004): 1) Not Listed D) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-59-1 (IARC,
2004): 1) Not Listed

0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY A) Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether and the aldehyde metabolite of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (methoxyacetaldehyde) displayed mutagenic potency in the Salmonella typhimurium assay. In contrast, EGME, EGEE, EALD, BALD and the acid metabolites gave negative responses with all strains of Salmonella typhimurium used in the assay (Hoflack et al, 1995). Laboratory:

A) Blood ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol levels may be useful in assessing concurrent ingestions, but are not useful in assessing glycol ether toxicity.

Treatment Overview:

0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) Emesis is contraindicated due to rapid GI absorption and potential for rapid progression to coma. B) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion. C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. D) Correct severe acidosis (pH < 7.1) with IV NaHCO3. 1 to 2 mEq/kg is a useful starting dose. Monitor ABGs. E) Ethanol (ETOH) may inhibit the formation of toxic metabolites, but there are no controlled human studies documenting efficacy. 1) LOADING DOSE - Administer 7.6 to 10 mL/kg of 10% ETOH
in D5W IV over 30 minutes. 2) MAINTENANCE DOSE - Administer 1.39 mL/kg/hr of 10% ETOH in D5W by IV infusion. Aim at achieving and maintaining 100 to 130 mg/dL blood ethanol levels. 3) PRECAUTION - Monitor blood glucose and ETOH levels. F) HEMODIALYSIS - Consider hemodialysis in patients with severe toxicity. Maintenance ETOH dose must be modified during dialysis. INDICATIONS: a) severe acid-base and/or fluid-electrolyte abnormalities despite conventional therapy; or b) renal failure.

0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor forrespiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.

0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility.

0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Range of Toxicity:

A) Adults have developed severe toxicity after ingestion of 30 to 100 mL, and death after 240 mL (methoxyethanol).

[Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2009; CCIS Volume 142, edition expires Nov, 2009. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds): TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2009; CCIS Volume 142, edition expires Nov, 2009.] **PEER REVIEWED**

Antidote and Emergency Treatment: Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oroph aryngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respirat ory insufficiency and a ssist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather ma sk at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shoc k and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) dur ing transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/ [Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 262-3] **PEER REVIEWED**

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or na sotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . M onitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV admini stration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringe r's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cauti ously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch fo r signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizureswith diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacai ne hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/ [Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3Rd edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2005, p. 263] **PEER REVIEWED**



### Animal Toxicity Studies:

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts: /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Expos ure/ The compound was tested externally on the eyes of rabbits, and, according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hours, rated on a scale of 1 to 10. The most severely injurious substances have been rated 10. Diethylen e glycol diethyl ether rated 3 to 4 on rabbit eyes. [Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 1030] **PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Re productive Toxicity/ Fi fty pregnant CD-1 mice were given 3,000 mg/kg/day of diethylene glycol diethyl ethe r in water by gavage on days 6-13 of gestation and allowed to deliver. The test agent reduced maternal weight gain but had no effect on the offspring of treated animals. [Hardin BD et al; Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 7: 29-48 (1987)] **PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Re productive Toxicity/ .. .Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (diEGdiEE) ... was administered on da ys 7 through 14 to pregnant /CD-1 mice/ at a single dose estimated to be at or just below the threshold of adu lt lethality ... There was a slight reduction in the average number of live pups pe r litter in the diEGdiEE- treated group and ... the number dead per litter was in creased ... Individual pup weight at day 1 postpartum was only significantly reduced by diEGdiEE, and no gro ss congenital abnormalities were detected in

neonates ... [Plasterer MR et al; J Toxicol Environ Health 15 (1): 25-38 (1985)] **PEER

REVIEWED** PubMed Abstract

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Stimulated choleresis when injected intraduodenally at 1 mL/kg into rats. [Croce G; Ferrini R; Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 49 (11): 653 (1973)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Expos ure/ ... /Diethylene glycol diethyl ether/ if splashed into the eyes, it would cause conj unctival irritation and slight transitory injury of the cornea. [Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V7 177] **PEER REVIEWED**

National Toxicology Program Studies: Diethylene glycol diethyl ethe r (DGDE) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in timedpregnant CD-l mice. Diethylene gl ycol diethyl ether was administer ed daily in distilled water bygavage at 0, 300, 1,500, 3,000 and 4,500 mg/kg on gesta tional days (gd) 6 through 15. Maternal toxicity was evident in dams exposed to diethylen e glycol diethyl ether at doses greater than or equal to 1,500 mg/kg/day . CNS function was hi ghly sensitive to treatment as evidenced by ataxia, coma and lethargy in a majority of th e dams dosed. Mortality among confirmed--pregnant animals occurred with incidences of 0% (0/29) , 0% (0/24), 8.6% (3/3 5), 11.8% (4/34) and 100% (14/14) in the control through high-dose groups, respectively. Deaths occurred early during the dosing period (gd 6-9), and all deaths at the high dose were preceded by evidence of severe CNS depression. There were no effects of treatment on any of the parameters that indicate changes in the numbers of resorptions, nonlive implants, fetal deaths as well as live fetuses. Average fetal body weight per litter was significantly lower at 3,000 mg/kg diethylene glycol diethyl ether when compared with the control group. The inci dence of major malformations was low in all groups and was dose independent. The 1,500 mg/kg/ day dose was a no observed effect level (NOEL) for developmental toxicity. In conclu sion, development of the CD-1 mouse is not sensitive to diethylene glycol diethyl ether administered by gava ge at maternally nontoxic doses. A NOEL for diethylene glycol diethyl ether-induced developmental toxicity was 1,500 mg/kg/day, a dose which produced maternal CNS depression and lethality (8.6%). The lowest dose given, 300 mg/kg/day, repres ented a NOEL for diethylene gl ycol diethyl ether-induced maternal toxicity. [Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Teratologic Evaluation Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (CAS No.112-36-7) Administered to CD-1 Mice on Gestational Days 6 through 15, NTP Study No. TER86059 (November 6, 1987) Available from, as of August 15, 2002: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-90CC-C685-

88B4D7EAC975BD44 ] **PEER REVIEWED**

Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DGDE) was evaluated for developm ental toxicity in artificially inseminated, New Zealand White rabbits. Diethyl ene glycol diethyl ether was dissolved in distilled water to provide doses of 0, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg, and subsequently administered daily by gavage from gestational days (gd) 6 through 19. DGDE treatme nt did not adversely influence maternal viability. The only exception was that one of the 27 confirmed pregnant dams (3.7%) in the 400 mg/kg group died on gd 15. Necropsy of that animal indicated that its death was related to diethylene glycol diethyl ethe r exposure. The pregnancy incidence was similar across dose groups and ranged from 85.7% to 88.6%. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed during treatment with the grea test occurrence in the high dos e group. Ataxia, coma, dyspnea and postdosing vocalization predominated at 400 mg di ethylene glycol diethy l ether/kg/day. Weight loss (greater than or equal to 150 g/day) occu rred in both the control and treated animals. Maternal body weight was similar among dos e groups on gd 0 as well as throughout the treatment and post-treatment periods. When wei ght gain was compared, however, dams exposed to 400 mg diethylene glycol diet hyl ether/kg had significantly lowe r weight gain than controls during the treatment period. Liver and gravid uterine weights did not differ among dose groups. There was no effect of treatment on embryo viab ility. The incidences of resorptions and fetal deaths were similar among the treatment groups. In addition, the number of live fetuses per litter and average fetal body weight per litter (both sexes) were not affected by diethylene glycol diethyl ether treatment. Nonetheless. when fetal body weights were analyzed by sex, female weight manifested a significant decreasing tr end which was related to the statistically nonsignificant, weight reducti on in the 400 mg/kg/day dose group, In addition, embryo/fetal morphogenesis was not observably altered by diethylene glycol di ethyl ether treatment, based onthe findings of external, viscer al and skeletal examinations of gd 30 fetuses. In conclusion, embryonic and fetal development of the NZW rabb it was not sensitive to diethylene glycol diethyl ether as tested in the present study at maternally toxic dos es. Although clearcut developmental effects were not identified for di ethylene glycol diethyl ether, the significant decreasing trend in body weight of female fetu ses at 400 mg/kg/day is marginal evidence of diethylene glycol diethy l ether-induced developmental toxicit y. Since maternal toxicity was also observed at the high dose, the 200 mg/kg/day dose represents a no observed effect level (NOEL) for both diethylene glycol diethyl ether induced developmental and maternal toxicities. [Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (CAS No. 112-36-7) Administered to New Zealand White Rabbits on Gestational Days 6 through 19, NTP Study No. TER87060 (December 7, 1987) Available from, as of August 15, 2002: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-

90CC-C685-88B4D7EAC975BD44 ] **PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Values: LD50 Rat oral 4970 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1262] **PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Guinea pig oral 1850 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1262] **PEER REVIEWED**

Ecotoxicity Values: LC50; Species: Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod, adults, length 0.6-0.8 mm); Conditions: static, 10 deg C, pH 7.8, salinity 7 ppt, alka linity 75 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >5 mg/L; Concentration: 6600 mg/L for 96 hr (95% conf idence interval: 6000-7300 mg/L) /98% pure/ [Linden E et al; Chemosphere 8 (11/12): 843-851 (1979) Available from, as of April 2, 2007: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm ] **PEER

REVIEWED**

LC50; Species: Alburnus alburnus (Bleak, length 8 cm); Conditi ons: static, 10 deg C, pH 7.8, salinity 7 ppt, alkalin ity 75 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >5 mg/L; Concentration: 10,000 mg/L for 96 hr /98% pure/ [Linden E et al; Chemosphere 8 (11/12): 843-851 (1979) Available from, as of April 2, 2007: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm ] **PEER

REVIEWED**

TSCA Test Submissions: An oral teratogenicity was conducted with 50 pr egnant Charles River (CD-1) mice administered diethylene glycol diethyl ethe r (bis(2-ethoxyet hyl) ether) by oral gavage at a dose level of 3000 mg/kg body weight on gestation days 7 to 14. Th e dose level chosen was the LD10 calculated from a previous range finding study. Mortality not was observed. Fetal toxicity was evident by
statistical differences in numb er of dead pups per litter, a nd reduced pup birth weight (byanalysis of variance). No signifi cant changes were observed in numb er of pups per litter, percent pup postnatal survival, and pup wei ght gain over days 1-3 post partum. Of the pregnant mice, 95 percent of litters were viable. Gross necropsy observations were not reported. [Chemical Manufactures Association, NIOSH; Toxicity Studies with Glycol Monobutyl Ether (and other ethers) with cover letter dated 053084, (1984), EPA Document No. 40-8478008, Fiche No. OTS0512376] **UNREVIEWED**

Reproductive toxicity was evaluated in groups of 10 pregnant Charles River CD female mice receiving an oral gavage dose of ethylene glyc ol at 10 ml/kg body weight on gestation days 7 through 14. Maternal mortality, clinical observat ions and gross necropsy were not reported. There was a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the number of live pups per litter, reduced survival, and reduced birth weight among offspring of treated dams. [Department of Health & Human Services; Results of Testing Fifteen Glycol Ethers in a Short-Term In Vivo Reproductive Toxicity Assay With Attachments, EPA Doc. 40-8385037, Fiche No. OTS0521552] **UNREVIEWED**



### Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Pharmacology:

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and use as a high boiling reaction medium, and as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacque rs, resins, and organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If rel eased to air, a vapor pressure of 0.52 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates diethylene glycol diethyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethylene gl ycol diethyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radi cals; the half-life for this r eaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, diethylene glyc ol diethyl ether is expe cted to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 39. Vola tilization from moist so il surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process ba sed upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Diethylene glycol diet hyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation of diet hylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to be an important fate process in soil or wa ter based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed. If released into wate r, diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not e xpected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimat ed Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate pr ocess based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconc entration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to di ethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used. Mon itoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethylene glycol diethyl ethe r via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of drinking water, anddermal contact with this compound and other produc ts containing diethylene glycol diethyl ether. (SRC)

**PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure: NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,489 workers (2,128 of these are female) are potentially exposed to diethy lene glycol diethyl ether in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to diethy lene glycol diethyl ether ma y occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplace s where diethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethylene glycol diethy l ether via ingestion of drinking water(SRC). [(1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981- 1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/noes/ as of Jan 9, 2007.] **PEER REVIEWED**

Artificial Pollution Sources: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and us e as a high boiling reaction medium(1), and as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, resins, and or ganic syntheses(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
[(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 459 (2001) (2) Lewis RJ Sr; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY p. 373 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 39(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is exp ected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethylene glycol diethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimat ed Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from Its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg(4), and wa ter solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Bi odegradation of diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to be an important fate process in soil based on biodegrad ation studies conducted with sewage seed(6-7). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Funasaki N et al; J Phys Chem 88: 5786-90 (1984) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Yaws CL; Handbook of Vapor Pressure. Vol 3: C8-C28 Compounds. Houston,TX: Gulf Pub Co (1994) (5) Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; The AQUASOL Database of Aqueous Solubility V5 (1992) (6) Heukelekian H, Rand MC; J Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-55 (1955) (7) Cowan RM, Kwon J; pp. 273-82 in Hazard Ind Wastes, 31st Technomic Pub Co., Inc., p 273-82 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classi fication scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 39(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.39(2) and a re gression-derived equati on(3), indicates that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC).Volatilization from water surf aces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derive d from its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) a nd a regression-derived equation( 7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organi sms is low(SRC). Biodegradation of diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to be an important fate process in wate r based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed(8-9). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Funasaki N et al; J Phys Chem 88: 5786-90 (1984) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Yaws CL; Handbook of Vapor Pressure. Vol 3: C8-C28 Compounds. Houston,TX: Gulf Pub Co (1994) (5) Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; The AQUASOL Database of Aqueous Solubility V5 (1992) (6) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (7) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) (8) Heukelekian H, Rand MC; J Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-55 (1955) (9) Cowan RM, Kwon J; pp. 273-82 in Hazard Ind Wastes, 31st Technomic Pub Co., Inc., p 273-82 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphe re(1), diethylene glycol diet hyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 0.52 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is expected to exist sole ly as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyle ne glycol diethyl ether is de graded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radi cals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in
air is estimated to be 14 hour s(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(3).
[(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Yaws CL; Handbook of Vapor Pressure. Vol 3: C8-C28 Compounds. Houston,TX: Gulf Pub Co (1994) (3) Kwok ESC, Atkinson R; Atmos Environ 29: 1685-9 (1995)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Environmental Biodegradation: AEROBIC: An aerobic biodegrad ation study using gram-negativ e asporogenous rod bacterium isolated from soil by enrichment on triethylene glycol exhibited borderline growth (scarcely detectable growth, not reproducible ) with diethylene glycol diethy l ether(1). In a screening study using a sewage seed, diethylene glycol diethyl ether (concentration not specified) had a 10 day BOD of 0.10 g/g (4.2% theoretical BOD) at 20 deg C(2). Diethylen e glycol diethyl ether had a 21.7% COD removal at 30 deg C from a starting concentration of 600 mg COD/L (time period not given) indicating little degradation comp ared to 95% degradation of ethylene glycol monophenyl ether(3). [(1) Fincher EL, Payne WJ; Appl Microbiol 10: 542-7 (1962) (2) Heukelekian H, Rand MC; J Water Pollut Contr Assoc 29: 1040-55 (1955) (3) Cowan RM, Kwon J; pp. 273-82 in Hazard Ind Wastes, 31st Technomic Pub Co., Inc., p 273-82 (1999)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Abiotic Degradation: The rate constant for the vapor-phase reacti on of diethylene glycol diethyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an at mospheric concentrationof 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The rate consta nt for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl ra dicals in water and diethylen e glycol diethyl ether is 3.2X10+9 L/mole-sec(2); assuming that the concentr ation of hydroxyl radical s in brightly sunlit
natural water is 1X10-17 M(3), the half-life would be about 250 days(SRC).
[(1) Kwok ESC, Atkinson R; Atmos Environ 29: 1685-9 (1995) (2) Dorfman LM, Adams GE; Reactivity of the Hydroxyl Radical in Aqueous Solution. NSRD-NBS-46 (NTIS COM-73-50623). Washington, DC; National Bureau of Standards pp. 51 (1973) (3) Mill T et al; Sci 207: 886-7 (1980)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Bioconcentration:
An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish fo r diethylene glycol diethyl ether(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.39(1) and a regre ssion-derived equation(2). Acco rding to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential fo r bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). [(1) Funasaki N et al; J Phys Chem 88: 5786-90 (1984) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Soil Adsorption/Mobility: The Koc of diethylene glycol di ethyl ether is estimated as 39( SRC), using a log Kow of 0.39(1) and a regression-derived equation( 2). According to a classificati on scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in
soil. [(1) Funasaki N et al; J Phys Chem 88: 5786-90 (1984) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Volatilization from Water/Soil: The Henry's Law constant for diethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg(1), and wa ter solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from wa ter surfaces(3). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilizat ion from moist soil surf aces may not occur(SRC). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).
[(1) Yaws CL; Handbook of Vapor Pressure. Vol 3: C8-C28 Compounds. Houston,TX: Gulf Pub Co (1994) (2) Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; The AQUASOL Database of Aqueous Solubility V5 (1992) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Water Concentrations: DRINKING WATER: Diethylene gl ycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in drinking water(1). Diethylene glyc ol diethyl ether was qualitativel y detected in drinking waterfrom Cincinnati, Ohio(2).
[(1) Kool HJ et al; Crit Rev Env Control 12: 307-57 (1982) (2) Lucas SV; GC/MS Anal of Org in Drinking Water Concentrates and Advanced Treatment Concentrates Vol 1 USEPA-600/1-84-020A (NTIS PB85-128239) pp. 397 (1984)]

**PEER REVIEWED**

GROUND WATER: Diethylene glyc ol diethyl ether has been qua litatively iden tified in ground water from the Hipps Road Landfill in Jacksonville, FL(1).
[(1) Eckel WP et al; Ground Water 31: 801-4 (1993)] **PEER REVIEWED**

SURFACE WATER: Diethylen e glycol diethyl ether has been de tected in the River Rhine at 1 ug/l(1). [(1) Piet GJ, Morra CF; Behavior of Organic Micropollutants During Underground Passage. IN: Artificial Groundwater Recharge (Water Resources Engineering Series) Huisman L, Olsthorn TN (eds), Pitman Pub pp 31-42 (1983)]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Effluent Concentrations: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether ha s been qualitatively identified in trench leachates from Maxey Flats and West Valley low-level radioactive wast e disposal sites(1). Diet hylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in adva nced waste treatment water from Lake Tahoe, CA, Pomona, CA, and Blue Plains, Washington, DC(2). Diethylene glycol diet hyl ether was tested from a light duty truck using diffe rent fuel types; di esel mixed with diethylene glycol diethyl ether: cold start 79 ug/cu m, hot start 52 ug/cu m; diesel fuel: co ld start 23 ug/cu m, hot start 25 ug/cu m; diesel fuel mixed with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether: cold st art 7.7 ug/cu m, hot start 7.3 ug/cu m; diesel fuel mixed with 2-ethylhexyl n itrate: not detected for cold and hot start(3).
[(1) Francis AJ et al; Nuclear Tech 50: 158-63 (1980) (2) Lucas SV; GC/MS Anal of Org in Drinking Water Concentrates and Advanced Treatment Concentrates Vol 1 USEPA-600/1-84-020A (NTIS PB85-128239) pp. 397 (1984) (3) Cao X-L, Zhu J; Chemosphere 45: 911-7 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED**



### Environmental Standards & Regulations:

Atmospheric Standards: This action promulgates standards of performa nce for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Ch emical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The
intended effect of these standard s is to require all newly constr ucted, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrat ed system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and e nvironmental impact and energy requirements. Diethylene glyc ol diethyl ether is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units cove red under this subpart.
[40 CFR 60.489; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of March 1, 2007: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr ] **PEER REVIEWED**

### Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:
C8-H18-O3 [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 373] **PEER REVIEWED**

Molecular Weight:
162.23 [O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 549] **PEER REVIEWED**

Color/Form: Colorless liquid [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 373] **PEER REVIEWED**

Boiling Point: 188 deg C [Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-168] **PEER REVIEWED**

Melting Point: -45 deg C [Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86TH Edition 2005-2006. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2005, p. 3-168] **PEER REVIEWED**

Density/Specific Gravity: 0.907 at 20 deg C/4 deg C [O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 549] **PEER REVIEWED**

Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 0.39 [Funasaki N et al; J Phys Chem 88: 5786-5790 (1984)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Solubilities: Very soluble in ethanol, organic so lvents; soluble in ethyl ether [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds.Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2648] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Soluble in hydrocarbons [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 373] **PEER REVIEWED**

Infinite /1.0X10+6 mg/L/ sol ubility water at 25 deg C [Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; The AQUASOL dATAbASE of Aqueous Solubility. Ver 5. Tucson, AZ: Univ AZ, College of Pharmacy (1992)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Spectral Properties: Index of refraction: 1.4115 at 20 deg C/D [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2648] **PEER

REVIEWED**

IR: 1447 (National Research C ouncil Spectral Collection) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2648] **PEER

REVIEWED**

MASS: 5938 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral da tabase, 1990 version); 658 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2648] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Raman: 261 (Sadtler Research Labo ratories spectral collection) [Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V3: 2648] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Surface Tension: 3.5657X10-2 N/m at melting point (-44.3 deg C) [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.]

**PEER REVIEWED**

Vapor Pressure: 0.520 mm Hg at 25 deg C
[Yaws CL; Handbook of Vapor Pressure. Vol 3: C8-C28 Compounds. Houston,TX: Gulf Pub Co (1994)] **PEER REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties: EQUIVALENCIES: 1 PPM EQUALS 6.64 MG/C U M @ 25 DEG C, 760 MM HG; 1 MG/L EQUALS 150.8 PPM @ 25 DEG, 760 MM HG. PER CENT IN SATURATED AIR: 0.066 @25 DEG C. VAPOR PRESSURE = 0.5 MM HG @ 25 DEG C (APPROX) [Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 1543] **PEER REVIEWED**

Liquid molar volume = 0.179481 cu m/kmol [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.]

**PEER REVIEWED**

wt/gal: 7.56 at 20 deg C ... combustible [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 373] **PEER REVIEWED**

Henry's Law constant = 1.11X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 deg C (est) [SRC; The Physical Properties Database (PHYSPROP). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Res Corp. Available from, as of Dec 15, 2006: http://www.syrres.com/esc/physprop.htm ] **PEER REVIEWED**

Hydroxyl radical reaction ra te constant = 2.68X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 deg C [Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data Monograph No. 1 (1989)] **PEER REVIEWED**



### Chemical Safety & Handling:

Fire Potential:
Combustible [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 373] **PEER REVIEWED**

NFPA Hazard Classification: Health: 1. 1= Materials that, on exposure, woul d cause significant ir ritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approve d air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to heal th and only breathing protection is needed. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-44] **PEER REVIEWED**

Flammability: 2. 2= This degree includes material s that must be moderately heated before ignition will occur and includes Class II and IIIA combustible liquids and solids and semi-solids that readily give off ignitible vapors. Water sp ray may be used to extinguish fires in these
materials because the materials can be cooled below their flash points. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-44] **PEER REVIEWED**

Instability: 1. 1= This degree includes materials that are normally stable, but that may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures and materials. Fires i nvolving these materials should be approached with caution. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-44] **PEER REVIEWED**Flash Point: 180 deg F (82 deg C) (Open Cup) [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 325-44] **PEER REVIEWED**

Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities: Glycol ethers, glycols, ketones, and alcohols undergo violent decomposition in contact with 68- 72% perchloric acid [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 491-142] **PEER REVIEWED**

Hazardous Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. [Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 1262] **PEER REVIEWED**

Stability/Shelf Life: Extremely stable [Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 288] **PEER REVIEWED**

Disposal Methods:
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an altern ative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the ma nufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider : the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; e ffects on animal, aquatic, and plan t life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

**PEER REVIEWED**



### Occupational Exposure Standards:

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses: Solvent; high boiling reaction medium [O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006.., p. 529]

**PEER REVIEWED**Solvent for nitrocellulose, resins, lacquers ; high-boiling medium and solvent for organic synthesis [Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 14th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2001., p. 373] **PEER REVIEWED**

SOLVENT FOR ADHESIVES, SEALANTS, PLASTIC RESINS & CMPDS, RUBBER
CHEMS

**PEER REVIEWED**

/Glycol ethers/ are used as coupling agents fo r preparing miscible organic-aqueous systems
[CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Glycol Ethers, 1983] **PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers: Ferro Corp., 1000 Lakeside Ave., P.O. Box 147000, Cleveland, OH 44114-7000, (216) 641- 8580; Performance and Fine Chemicals Group, Grant Chemical Div., 111 West Irene Rd., Zachary, LA 70791, (225) 654-6801; Produc tion site: Baton Rouge, LA 70821 [SRI Consulting. 2006 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States. Menlo Park, CA. 2006, p. 482] **PEER REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:
REACTION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOET HYL ETHER WITH DIETHYL SULFATE

**PEER REVIEWED**

Glycol ethers are produced by reacti ng ethylene with alcohols in pres ence of either acid or base catalysts. Temperature, pressure, mole ratios of reactants and catalysts are chosen to yield the desired product
[CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SYNOPSIS: Glycol Ethers, 1983] **PEER REVIEWED**

Ethylene glycol monoethers are usually produ ced by reaction of ethylene oxide with the appropriate alcohol. A mixture of homologues is obtained ... Th e glycol monoethers can be converted to diethers by alkylation with common alkylating agen ts, such as dimethyl sulfate or alkyl halides ( Williamson synthesis). Glycol dimethyl ethers are formed by treatment of dimethyl ether with et hylene oxide. /Ethers/ [Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed.Vol 1: Federal Republic of Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 2003 to Present, p. V12 601 (2003)] **PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Production: (1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

**PEER REVIEWED**

(1975) GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS (EST)

**PEER REVIEWED**

(2006) 1,612 million lb annual capacity /Glycol ethers/[SRI Consulting. 2006 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States. Menlo Park, CA. 2006, p. 657] **PEER REVIEWED**

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inve ntory Update Rule.

Year Production Ran g e (pounds)

1986 10 thousand - 500 thousand

1990 10 thousand - 500 thousand

1994 10 thousand - 500 thousand

1998 10 thousand - 500 thousand

2002 10 thousand - 500 thousand

[US EPA; Non-confidential Production Volume Information Submitted by Companies for Chemicals Under the 1986-2002 Inventory Update Rule (IUR). Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-ethoxy- (112-36-7). Available from, as of March 6,

2007: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/tools/data/2002-vol.htm ] **PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Imports: (1984) 9.43x10+9 g /Diethylene glyc ol esters, ethers, etc/
[BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL IMPORTS 1984 p.1-361] **PEER REVIEWED**



### Laboratory Methods:

Clinical Laboratory Methods: Analyte: diethylene glyc ol diethyl ether; matrix: urine; procedure: gas chromatography with
flame ionization detection
[Hubner B et al; Fresenius' J Anal Chem 342(9): 746-8 (1992)] **PEER

REVIEWED**

Analytic Laboratory Methods: A monitoring method based on solvent extraction of adsorbed target glymes followed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry GC -MS analys is was developed for ... diethylene glycol diethyl ether. The best recoveries of target gl ymes were achieved when using a combination of sample collection medium of graphitised ca rbon black (GCB) with a solvent mixture of methylene chloride and methanol (95/5, v/v). Method detection /limit was/ ... 1.5 microg/cu m for diethylene glycol diethyl ether ... . Using this method ... diethylene glyc ol diethyl ether /was/ ... detected and measured successfully in diluted ve hicle exhausts in diesel fuel engine tests.
[Cao XL, Zhu J; Chemosphere 45(6-7): 911-7 (2001)] **PEER REVIEWED** PubMed
Abstract

### Special References:

Special Reports: Department of Health & Human Services/Nationa l Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Teratologic Evalua tion Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (CAS
No. 112-36-7) Administered to CD-1 Mice on Gesta tional Days 6 through 15, NTP Study No. TER86059 (November 6, 1987) and Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (CAS No. 112-36-7)
Administered to New Zealand White Rabbits on Gestational Days 6 through 19, NTP Study No. TER87060 (December 7, 1987). Available at http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid =0847FF31-90CC-C685-88B4D7EAC975BD44 as of August 15, 2002



### Synonyms and Identifiers:

Synonyms: BIS(2-ETHOXYETHYL) ETHER

**PEER REVIEWED**

DIETHYL CARBITOL

**PEER REVIEWED**

DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL

**PEER REVIEWED**

ETHANE, 1,1'-OXYBIS(2-ETHOXY-

**PEER REVIEWED**

ETHANOL, 2,2'-OXYBIS-, DIETHYL ETHER

**PEER REVIEWED**

ETHER, BIS(2-ETHOXYETHYL)

**PEER REVIEWED**

1-ETHOXY-2-(BETA-ETHOXYETHOXY)ETHANE

**PEER REVIEWED**

2-(2-ETHOXYETHOXY)-1-ETHOXYETHANE

**PEER REVIEWED**

ETHYL DIGLYME

**PEER REVIEWED**

3,6,9-TRIOXAUNDECANE

**PEER REVIEWED**

### Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 68

Last Revision Date: 20071011

Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 5/14/2007

Update History: Complete Update on 2007-10-11, 43 fields added/edited/deleted Complete Update on 03/05/2003, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/13/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/18/2002, 3 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/28/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 11/18/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/19/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/25/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 09/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/27/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/24/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 12/12/1996, 36 fi elds added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 10/12/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 12/19/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 12/10/1992, 1 fi eld added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 03/06/1990, 1 fi eld added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/31/1989, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 10/14/1986 Created 19830315 by SYS