# Sewage**Sludge (Biosolids)**  **Fact Sheet**  ********************************************************* 

### 1. **Management of**  **Sewage Sludge**  **in the**  **United States**  **- U.S. EPA**  **estimates that**  **a total**  **of**

### 5



# - **6 Million**  **dry metric**  **tons are**  **generated at**  **the** 

### 16,500 **POTWS located**  **in the**  **United States**  **each year** **...--- Landfilled**  **Distributed &**  

### Marketed

**(9%) ---**  **-**

# "J.**.....**

# -i **(28%)**

**Land Applied (45%)**  **Surface Disposal**  **,""""- (1%)** 
**Incinerated**

# (17%) **(850,000 -**  **1 million**  **dry metric**  **tons/yr)**



# 2. **Land Application,**  **Distribution &**  **Marketing, Incineration**  **and Surface**  **Disposal of**  **Sewage Sludge**  **has been**  **Regulated under**  **40 CFR**  **Part 503**  **(Use or**  **Disposal of**  **Sewage Sludge)**  **since February**  **19, 1993.** 

**3. Landfilling**  **of Sewage**  **Sludge is**  **Regulated under**  **40 CFR**  **Part**

# 257 **(Criteria for**  **Classification of** **Solid Waste**  **Disposal Facilities**  **and Practices.)** 

**4. Sewage**  **Sludge Incinerators**  **(55 Is)**  **have been**  **utilized in**  **the United**  **States since**  **the 1930s.** 

**5. The**  **operation of** **SSls results in: - A**  

### 80

**-** 

### 95% **reduction in**  **solids**

**- Destruction** **of pathogens** 

**- Degradation**  **of potentially**  **toxic organic**  **compounds**

**- Production**  **of an**  **inert non-toxic/non-hazardous ash** 

### 6. **Number and**  **Location of**  **SSls (NACW** **A May**  **2007 Survey**  **for EPA-RTP)** 

**-** 

### 230 **SSIs**

# @ **119 POTWs**  **in 26**  **states (See**  **attachment for**  **details.)**



# 7. **Emissions from**  **55 Is**  **of Urban**  **HAPs**

**- NACWA** **collected data**  **for Bill Neuffer** **(EPA-RTP) and** **MACTEC, from** **Feb.**

**- May**  **2007, concerning**  **emissions of** **the following**  **urban Hazardous**  **Air Pollutants**  **(HAPs) from**  **SSIs:**

**P o** 

### ll**u t** **a nt** ***** **NACW A Findin!!s**  **PCBs" Negligible**  **source Cadmium**  **" Lead**  **" 1,1,2,2**  **Tetrachloroethane" "**  **Dioxin "**  **Acrvlonitrile' ,**  **" Mercurv**  **"** ***** 

### From **EPA's 1 1** **2(k) Area**  **Source ContnbutlOn**  **Table, dated**  **July 10,**  **2002**
**..** 

### Seldom **found in**  **sewage sludge** 

**- destroyed**  **by the**  **SSI's high**  **exhaust gas**  **temperatures** 

### 8. **Reasons Why**  **POTWs Incinerate** 

**Most cost-effective**  **sewage sludge** **management option**  **No land**  **application sites**  **or landfills**  **readily available**  **Can't land**  **apply during**  **winter months**  **Don't have**  **the ability** **to produce**  **compost or**  **a land**  **applicable product**  **Substantially reduced**  **truck traffic Low**  **air and**  **odor emissions**  

### 9. **Types of** **Sewage Sludge**  **Incinerators Multiple**  **Hearth Fluidized**  **Bed**

### Biosolids **Incinerators in** **the U.S.** 

# (2007)*
**TYPE Fluidized**  **Mutliple No.**  **of Electric** **Arc Bed**  **Hearth POTWs**  **that STATE**  **Incinerators Incinerators**  **Incinerators Total**  **Incinerate Alabama**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Alaska 1**  **1 1**  **3 3**  **Arizona 0**  **0 0**  **0 California**  **0 0**  **4 4**  **2 Colorado**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Connecticut 0**  **2 7**  **9 5**  **Delaware 0**  **0 0**  **0 Florida**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Georgia 0**  **2 6**  **8 4**  **Hawaii 0**  **0 0**  **0 Idaho**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Illinois 0**  **0 0**  **0 Indiana**  **0 0**  **4 4**  **1 Iowa**  **0 2**  **1 3**  **2 Kansas**  **0 2**  **0 2**  **1 Kentucky**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Louisiana 0**  **1 1**  **2 1**  **Maine 0**  **0 0**  **0 Maryland**  **0 2**  **2 4**  **2 Massachusetts**  **0 2**  **4 6**  **3 Michigan**  **0 2**  **24 26**  **9 Minnesota**  **0 3**  **2 5**  **2 Mississippi**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Missouri 0**  **2 13**  **15 5**  **Montana 0**  **0 0**  **0 Nebraska**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Nevada 0**  **0 0**  **0 New**  **Hampshire 0**  **1 0**  **1 1**  **New Jersey**  **0 11**  **8 19**  **10 New**  **Mexico 0**  **0 0**  **0 New**  **York 0**  **13 25**  **38 20**  **North Carolina**  **0 2**  **1 3**  **3 North**  **Dakota 0**  **0 0**  **0 Ohio**  **0 1**  **28 29**  **12 Oklahoma**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Oregon 0**  **0 0**  **0 Pennsylvania**  **0 5**  **8 13**  **10 Puerto**  **Rico 0**  **0 1**  **1 1**  **Rhode Island**  **0 0**  **3 3**  **2 South**  **Carolina 0**  **1 3**  **4 3**  **Page 1**  **of 2** 

### TYPE **Fluidized Mutliple**  **No. of**  **Electric Arc**  **Bed Hearth**  **POTWs thaI**  **STATE Incinerators**  **Incinerators Incinerators**  **Total Incinerate**  **South Dakota**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Tennessee 0**  **0 0**  **0 Texas**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Utah 0**  **0 0**  **0 Vermont**  **0 0**  **0 0**  **Vir g**  **inia 0**  **2 16**  **18 9**  **Washin g** **ton 0**  **4 2**  **6 5**  **West Vir** 

**g inia**  **0 1**  **0 1**  **1 Wisconsin**  **0 0**  **3 3**  **2 Wyomin** 

**g 0**  **0 0**  **0** 

### T**O T** **AL 1**  **62 167**  **230 119**  **• Data**  **collected by** **the National** **Association of**  **Clean Water**  **Agencies**

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