# Patent

## Title
Apparatus and methods for optimizing scheduled operations in hybrid network environments

## Abstract

Methods and apparatus for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on one or more network scheduling constraints. During normal network operation, a client device performs an array of scheduled maintenance tasks to optimize network performance (e.g., signal strength measurements, etc.) However, during hybrid network operation, regularly scheduled maintenance tasks for a first network can interrupt higher priority tasks on other networks. Consequently, the present invention in one embodiment provides a method for a client device to properly prioritize and re-schedule maintenance tasks. For example, CDMA 1X cell selection (or cell re-selection) procedures have flexible time constraints, and can be postponed (or expedited) to minimize impact on LTE network traffic.

## Background
PRIORITY AND RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 61/488,663 filed May 20, 2011 entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING SCHEDULED OPERATIONS IN HYBRID NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS”, 61/598,824 filed Feb. 14, 2012 entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING SCHEDULED OPERATIONS IN HYBRID NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS”, 61/599,325 filed Feb. 15, 2012 entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING SCHEDULED OPERATIONS IN HYBRID NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS”, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This application is related to co-owned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/475,482 filed contemporaneously herewith on May 18, 2012 and entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CLIENT SERVER INTERACTION IN HYBRID NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS”, Ser. No. 13/475,802 filed contemporaneously herewith on May 18, 2012 and entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR NETWORK ASSISTED HYBRID NETWORK OPERATION”, 61/478,922 filed Apr. 25, 2011, and entitled “DUAL NETWORK MOBILE DEVICE RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT”, Ser. No. 13/099,204 filed May 2, 2011, and entitled “SINGLE-RADIO DEVICE SUPPORTING COEXISTENCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES”, 61/472,617 filed Apr. 6, 2011, and entitled “MULTIPLE NETWORK MOBILE DEVICE CONNECTION MANAGEMENT”, 61/433,160 filed Jan. 14, 2011, and entitled “DYNAMIC LOADING IN DEVICES WITH MULTIPLE ANTENNAS”, and 61/433,162 filed Jan. 14, 2011, and entitled “MULTIMODE USER EQUIPMENT WITH DUAL CIRCUIT ARCHITECTURE”, each of the foregoing being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


COPYRIGHT
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to operation within heterogenous wireless systems such as, for example, hybrid network operation in which client devices can communicate using any one or more of several networks. More particularly, in one exemplary aspect, the present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on network scheduling constraints.
2. Description of Related Technology
A cellular network operator provides mobile telecommunications services to the public via a network infrastructure of e.g., cellular base stations (BS), base station controllers, infrastructure nodes, etc. There is a wide variety of cellular network technologies, and historically cellular devices have been specialized for operation within a single cellular network. However, as cellular technologies have become increasingly commoditized, devices are now able to offer so-called “multimode” operation; i.e., a single device that is capable of operation on two or more cellular networks. Multimode operation allows a device to operate on any one of several network technologies, but does not enable operation on multiple network technologies simultaneously.
Incipient research is directed to so-called “hybrid” network operation. During hybrid network operation, the client device operates simultaneously among multiple distinct networks having different technologies. In one exemplary case, a hybrid device can support both: (1) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and (ii) Code Division Multiple Access 1X (CDMA 1X) networks; i.e., the device can maintain a simultaneous connection between a first LTE network and a second CDMA 1X network. For example, a LTE/CDMA 1X hybrid device can conduct a voice call over the CDMA 1X network while the mobile device is in LTE mode. In another exemplary case, a hybrid device can support both: (i) CDMA 1X-EVDO (Evolution Data Optimized) and (ii) CDMA 1X networks.
Existing solutions for hybrid network operation rely on the client device to manage its own operation between networks. Specifically, the client device is responsible for maintaining its active connections to the various service networks; there are no required changes to existing network installations (i.e., hybrid network operation does not affect the legacy hardware and software of the network infrastructure). Client-centric hybrid operation has several benefits. For example, there is very little (if any) infrastructure cost for the network operator. Moreover, hardware costs can be incorporated into the price of consumer devices. Additionally, hybrid network operation will not affect existing legacy devices. Similarly, devices capable of hybrid operation are also capable of normal operation.
However, since existing solutions for hybrid network operation do not require the constituent networks to coordinate with one another, the client device will inevitably experience certain scheduling collisions. For example, while a mobile device is attached to a first LTE network, it must periodically “tune out” the LTE network to perform CDMA 1X actions (such as decoding the Quick Paging Channel (QPCH) to determine if the device is being paged). If the mobile device is receiving data from the LTE network during the tune out period, this data is lost. Furthermore, a tuned out mobile device will miss any broadcasted updated network resource information or control data, this can result in the mobile device being barred from access to the LTE network (at least for a period of time).
Consequently, improved methods and apparatus are needed for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on network scheduling constraints.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention satisfies the aforementioned needs by providing, inter alga, improved apparatus and methods for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on network scheduling constraints.
In one aspect of the present invention, a client apparatus configured to intelligently schedule network tasks based on multiple network schedule constraints is disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the client apparatus includes one or more wireless interfaces, a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including at least one computer program. In one variant, the at least one computer program is configured to, when executed by the processor, classify one or more tasks associated with a first network according to a corresponding time sensitivity requirements, determine a schedule of flexible tasks for the first network based at least in part on one or more tasks associated with a second network where the determined schedule orders the one or more tasks associated with the first network and the one or more tasks associated with the second network based on the one or more time sensitivity requirements, and execute the determined schedule.
In another variant, the corresponding time sensitivity requirements include at least time sensitive tasks and time insensitive tasks. In certain other variants, the at least one computer program is additionally configured to classify one or more tasks associated with the second network according to one or more second corresponding time sensitivity requirements. In yet other variants, the second network is a data-only network and the one or more tasks associated with the second network are substantially time insensitive.
In one exemplary implementation, the one or more wireless interfaces include at least a Long Term Evolution (LTE) interface and a CDMA 1X interface.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on multiple network scheduling constraints is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes classifying one or more tasks of a first network according to a corresponding time sensitivity, determining a schedule of flexible tasks for the first network based at least in part on one or more tasks of a second network, and executing the determined schedule.
In one variant, the corresponding time sensitivity requirements include at least time sensitive types and time insensitive tasks. In other variants, the corresponding time sensitivity requirements include one or more thresholds of time sensitivity, or Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
In another variant, the method additionally includes receiving one or more information regarding one or more tasks of a second network.
In one exemplary implementation, the corresponding time sensitivity requirements are based on one or more periodic events. For example, the one or more periodic events include paging channel operation. In one such sub-variant, the second network is a data-only network and the one or more tasks of the second network are time insensitive.
In another implementation, the first network is a CDMA 1X compliant network, and the second network is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) compliant network.
In a third aspect of the present invention, a client apparatus configured to intelligently schedule network tasks for hybrid network operation is disclosed. In one embodiment, the client apparatus includes one or more wireless interfaces, a processor, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including at least one computer program, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed by the processor: classify one or more data-only tasks associated with a first network; classify one or more prioritized tasks associated with a second network; and interleave the one or more data-only tasks with the one or more prioritized tasks.
In one variant, the prioritized tasks are classified according to time sensitivity, and/or Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
In another variant, the one or more prioritized tasks includes one or more paging channel operations of the second network. In a similar variant, the one or more prioritized tasks includes one or more radio measurements of the second network.
In one embodiment, the first network is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) compliant network.
In fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on one or more network scheduling constraints is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes: classifying one or more tasks of a first network according to a corresponding time sensitivity; determining a schedule of flexible tasks for the first network based at least in part on one or more tasks of a second network; and executing the determined schedule.
In a fifth aspect of the invention, an apparatus for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on one or more network scheduling constraints is disclosed. In a first embodiment, the networks are substantially unsychronized, and the apparatus includes a scheduling engine configured to schedule one or more network resources according to task time sensitivity.
In a sixth aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a storage medium having at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one program being configured to, when executed, (i) classify one or more tasks of a first network according to a corresponding time sensitivity, (ii) determine a schedule of flexible tasks for the first network based at least in part on one or more tasks of a second network, and/or (iii) execute the determined schedule.
In a seventh aspect of the invention, a hybrid network system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes at least two networks, and a client device of the hybrid network system that schedules one or more of its tasks based on schedule requirements of the at least two networks.
In an eighth aspect of the invention, a client device capable of hybrid network operation and task scheduling is disclosed.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will immediately be recognized by persons of ordinary skill in the art with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description of exemplary embodiments as given below.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a logical block diagram illustrating one exemplary hybrid network system useful in conjunction with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a logical flow diagram detailing one embodiment of a generalized method for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on multiple network scheduling constraints, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a logical flow diagram detailing one exemplary implementation of the method of FIG. 2 in the context of a Long Term Evolution network and a Code Division Multiple Access 1X network.
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a user equipment (UE) apparatus configured according to the present invention.



All Figures ® Copyright 2011-2012 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Reference is now made to the drawings, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
Overview
Various aspects of the present invention provide, inter alia, a method for a client device to properly prioritize and re-schedule tasks in a hybrid network. In one exemplary embodiment, a UE operating in CDMA 1X and LTE networks schedules various time-sensitive and non-time sensitive tasks of the CDMA 1X network so as to minimally affect LTE network operation.
For example, as described in greater detail hereinafter, a hybrid mode UE prioritizes CDMA 1X maintenance tasks as P1 (time sensitive), P2 (time insensitive), P3 (time insensitive, uninterruptible). The exemplary UE schedules LTE tasks around P1 CDMA 1X tasks, but P2 and P3 CDMA 1X tasks are flexibly advanced or delayed so as to minimally affect LTE operation.
Various other embodiments of the present invention are described in greater detail hereinafter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
Exemplary embodiments and aspects of the present invention are now described in detail. While these embodiments and aspects are primarily discussed in the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE), Code Division Multiple Access 1X (CDMA 1X) cellular networks, and CDMA 1X EVDO (Evolution Data Optimized), it will be recognized by those of ordinary skill that the present invention is not so limited and can be used with other cellular technologies such as TD-LTE (Time-Division Long-Term. Evolution), TD-LTE-Advanced, TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). In fact, the various aspects of the invention are useful in combination with any network (cellular, wireless, wireline, or otherwise) that can benefit from intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on network scheduling constraints.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that while exemplary embodiments of the apparatus and methods of the invention are described in terms of scheduling e.g., time-sensitive and non-time sensitive tasks of one network (e.g., CDMA 1X) so as to mitigate or eliminate the effects on another network (e.g., LTE): (i) these roles may be reversed (e.g., some LTE network tasks could be rescheduled so as to minimize impact on the CDMA 1X network); and (ii) a cooperative approach may be implemented (e.g., where both networks schedule tasks so as to minimize impact on both networks).
LTE/CDMA 1X Hybrid Network Operation
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary hybrid network system 100. The exemplary hybrid network includes a first LTE RAN (radio access network) 102A and a second CDMA 1X RAN 102B in communication with a user equipment (UE) client device 104. As shown in FIG. 1, the LTE RAN and CDMA 1X RAN are unsynchronized, and entirely unaware of the other RAN's operation. In other scenarios, the RANs may have higher levels of coordination; e.g., the RANs may be loosely synchronized, or even tightly synchronized in certain aspects of their operation.
During LTE/CDMA 1X hybrid mode operation, the UE 104 can place CDMA 1X voice calls while registered with the LTE network. The UE is capable of receiving and responding to data and control messaging from either the LTE network or the CDMA 1X network; unfortunately, the UE in this scenario cannot respond simultaneously to both networks. In one such embodiment, the UE always prioritizes CDMA 1X (voice call) traffic over LTE (data) traffic to ensure that user experience for voice calls is unaffected. Other implementations may have other prioritization schemes (e.g., where voice calls are lower priority, based on the type of traffic, historic device usage, etc.).
Within this context, many operations can be greatly affected by the UE switching. For example, as described in co-owned and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/488,649 filed contemporaneously herewith on May 20, 2011, and entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CLIENT SERVER INTERACTION IN HYBRID NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS”, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, maintenance tasks that are interrupted can introduce data corruptions and/or errors which can contribute to highly undesirable behavior (e.g., networks being barred, devices being improperly managed, etc.). While the foregoing disclosure provides methods and apparatus for modifying network management for hybrid operation, further improvements to client device operation so as to alleviate scheduling conflicts would be useful.
In particular, once the UE 104 has connected to the LTE network 102A, the UE will periodically tune its radio away from the LTE network to perform CDMA 1X maintenance actions such as acquiring a CDMA 1X cell, registering to the acquired CDMA 1X cell, and receiving CDMA 1X pages, etc. Depending on CDMA 1X network 102B radio conditions, these actions can range in one exemplary implementation from eighty milliseconds (80 ms) up to several seconds (4 s-6 s). Moreover, when the UE receives or places a voice call on the CDMA 1X network, the LTE connection may be dropped.
Various embodiments of the present invention prioritize and schedule flexible network maintenance tasks of a first network to improve operation of a second network. For example, CDMA 1X has certain tasks which can be flexibly managed to improve LTE operation. Accordingly, the client device can increase hybrid network performance by ensuring that various CDMA 1X tasks are advanced or delayed with respect to LTE network operation.
TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA Network Operation
As is understood in the art, Time-Division Long-Term Evolution (TD-LTE) also known as Long-Term Evolution Time-Division Duplex (LTE TDD) is similar to Frequency Division (FD)-LTE. In the case of Frequency Division Duplex, the downlink and uplink are transmitted using different frequencies. In Time Division Duplex, the downlink and the uplink are on the same frequency and the separation occurs in the time domain, so that each direction in a call is assigned to specific timeslots. Similarly, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) allows traffic to be uplinked (from the mobile terminal to the base station) and downlinked (from the base station to the mobile terminal) using different time slots in the same frame. Embodiments of the present invention contemplate the use of these technologies together and/or separately (in combination with other technologies) in a hybrid network, such as by implementing the methodology described herein with respect to FIG. 2 (except using one or more different combinations of radio access technologies set forth herein).
In an exemplary embodiment relating to both TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA, a UE connected to the TD-LTE network will periodically (or on an event driven or other basis) tune its radio away from the TD-LTE network to perform TD-SCDMA actions such as cell selection, registration, and receiving pages.
TD-LTE/GSM Network Operation
As is understood in the art, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a cellular technology standard and has evolved a number of advancements including General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) also known as 3G (Third Generation) UMTS.
In an exemplary embodiment relating to both TD-LTE and GSM, a UE connected to the TD-LTE network will periodically (or on an event driven or other basis) tune its radio away from the TD-LTE network to perform GSM actions such as cell selection, registration, and receiving pages.
Methods
Referring now to FIG. 2, one embodiment of a generalized method 200 for intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on multiple network scheduling constraints is illustrated. In one scenario, a client device is connected to a first network, and the first network is entirely unaware of the client device's connections to other networks. Alternatively, the first network may have limited information on nearby networks (e.g., timing information, registered devices, etc.) which may be periodically refreshed, but is not integrated within the operational decisions for the first network. Still other network scenarios may tightly integrate the first network and the other networks, but still require intelligent management of conflicting schedules to minimize collisions (e.g., where the networks share information such as location area updates, paging information, etc.). For example, even where a first LTE network is tightly coupled to a second CDMA 1X network, the LTE network must intelligently schedule its device accesses around the CDMA 1X network schedule, and vice versa.
At step 202 of the method 200, the client device classifies one or more tasks of a first network according to time sensitivity. In one exemplary embodiment, the one or more tasks are minimally divided into a “time sensitive”, and a “non-time sensitive” category, although it will be appreciated that other types and/or numbers of categories (and in fact categorization schemes) may be used consistent with the invention as described subsequently herein. As used herein, the terms “time sensitivity”, “time sensitive”, “time insensitive”, “non-time sensitive”, etc. are used to broadly describe without limitation any number of different tasks, operations, or requirements associated with the operation of the device within the network, or with the network itself which have some temporal component or requirement (or lack thereof). The time sensitivity may be based on, e.g., tasks or operations: (i) necessary to keep the client device or UE in communication with the network, (ii) necessary to support temporally sensitive or periodic operations (e.g., to meet timing or QoS requirements for streaming media, emergency calls, important update broadcasts or beacons, etc.), and/or (iii) to support user-specified preferences or requirements (e.g., maximize response time, etc.).
Additionally, while a “time sensitive” (i.e., two-state) hierarchy of tasks is described with respect to the exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated that any number of other schemes may be employed, such as a linear scale of sensitivity (e.g., 1-10) with one or more thresholds for varying types of actions, an “always/never” scheme (e.g., where some actions or tasks are always time sensitive, and others are never time sensitive), etc. Moreover, temporal sensitivity is but one metric or characteristic which can be used as the basis of categorization; others might include e.g., “QoS necessary” or “non-QoS”, etc.
Time sensitivity may be further modified or classified according to a type of time sensitivity. Common examples of additional time requirements include without limitation: (i) a fixed time (e.g., slot, interval, duration, etc.), (ii) a required before time, (iii) a required after time, (iv) a required within time, (v) a maximum duration, (vi) a minimum duration, etc. Furthermore, in some embodiments, time sensitivity may be further annotated with useful metadata such as e.g., (i) expected execution time, (ii) typical execution duration, etc.
In one exemplary embodiment, the one or more tasks are additionally categorized based on one or more other modifiers. Common examples of other categories include without limitation: (i) priority, (ii) interruptable, (iii) associated network, (iv) number of failed attempts, etc.
For example, in one implementation of the invention, a user equipment (UE) classifies several CDMA 1X tasks. In this example, monitoring the CDMA 1X quick paging channel (QPCH) is a high priority task which must be performed according to a strict time schedule. Other idle mode procedures (e.g., cell selection, cell re-selection, overhead message decoding, etc.) are lower priority tasks, and may be performed flexibly within a broader temporal window; e.g., several hundred milliseconds to several seconds may be acceptable in certain cases.
Furthermore, mobility management and other Non-Access Stratum (NAS) procedures are triggered when the UE passes a reception boundary, and new registration is needed. Once a NAS procedure is initiated, the CDMA 1X network must finish (i.e., is not interruptable).
Moreover, while the aforementioned tasks are largely network maintenance tasks, it is recognized that various aspects of the present invention can be adapted for other types of tasks including, but not limited to: media processing tasks, data transfer tasks, user interface tasks, etc. In fact, ones of ordinary skill in the art could, given the present disclosure, readily adapt multiple aspects of the present invention to any scheme wherein multiple independent streams of data having various time requirements must be handled among limited resources.
In some implementations, the various classifications of tasks are limited to a first network. For example, in one exemplary embodiment of the invention, only tasks of the CDMA 1X network are classified. As described in greater detail hereinafter, other tasks are considered secondary to proper operation of the CDMA 1X network, within reason. However, in alternate implementations, two or more networks (e.g., a first and second network) may each be evaluated for appropriate classifications of tasks. For example, future implementations of hybrid network operation may include separate classifications for the CDMA 1X network tasks and LTE network tasks.
At step 204 of the method 200, the client device determines a schedule of flexible tasks for the relevant network(s) (in this example, the first network) based at least in part on one or more tasks of one or more second networks.
For example, in one embodiment, the client device schedules the one or more time-sensitive tasks for the first network, then schedules one or more tasks of the second network, and in the remaining available resources, schedules the remaining time-insensitive tasks of the first network. In one such scenario, a hybrid UE connected to a LTE network and a CDMA 1X network generates a schedule by allocating appropriate time slots according to the following order: (1) time sensitive CDMA 1X network tasks, (2) LTE network tasks, (3) time insensitive CDMA 1X tasks, and so forth.
As previously noted, it is appreciated that various alternate embodiments of the present invention may further enable finer gradation than merely time-sensitive and time-insensitive tasks. For example, in some network scenarios, various gradations of priority may be used to enable further fine-tuning; e.g., time-prioritized tasks above a prescribed threshold priority may be prioritized first, followed by tasks of a second network, followed by the remaining tasks for the first network.
Moreover, it is further recognized that where first and second network tasks are classified, various schemes may be used to interleave the various tasks. For example, such embodiments may schedule tasks according to the following: (1) time prioritized tasks above a first threshold value for the first network, (2) time prioritized tasks above a first threshold value for the second network, (3) time insensitive tasks of the first and second network, and so forth.
Yet other combinations and schemes for scheduling may be modified for use with the various embodiments of the present invention by those of ordinary skill, given the contents of the present disclosure.
At step 206 of the method 200, the client device executes the one or more tasks according to the determined schedule.
It is also appreciated that while the methodology of FIG. 2 is described generally in terms of a sequence of steps, the order may be permuted, and in some cases conducted in parallel. For instance, the present invention contemplates use of two or more “scheduling threads”, whereby certain individual time-sensitive tasks are scheduled at a given time, and others at a later time. This “rolling” approach allows flexibility from the standpoint that all scheduling for all tasks need not be completed before execution of any of those tasks. Rather, under the rolling model, execution of one task may be performed as soon as its scheduling is completed, without regard to the completion of scheduling of other tasks.
Example Operation
Referring now to FIG. 3, one exemplary implementation of the method 300 of FIG. 3 is shown and described, specifically in the context of intelligent scheduling of client device tasks based on multiple network scheduling constraints of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network and Code Division Multiple Access 1X (CDMA 1X) network. In one embodiment of the present invention, a LTE/CDMA 1X hybrid user equipment (UE) device executes a number of operations during discontinuous reception (DRX) operation.
As a brief aside, DRX is a commonly implemented method for reducing power consumption within cellular devices. During DRX operation, the UE and CDMA 1X network agree on specific time intervals where data transfer can be initiated; the UE only needs to power on at these specific time intervals. Thus, when the device does not have an active data transfer, and is between time intervals, the device can turn its receiver off and “sleep” in a low power state.
Each time the UE device “wakes up” from a DRX sleep cycle, it must perform the following operations: (i) time sensitive paging monitoring (P1), (ii) less time critical idle mode procedures (P2), and (iii) time insensitive, but non-interruptable Non-Access Stratum (NAS) procedures (P3).
Specifically, P1 type tasks must obey strict timing requirements (e.g., decode the QPCH according to a slot assignment, etc.). P2 type tasks include idle mode procedures which are less time critical, and can be delayed or re-scheduled by several hundred milliseconds (up to several seconds). Common examples of P2 type tasks include without limitation: (i) cell selection/re-selection, (ii) overhead message decoding, etc. P3 type tasks are not time critical, but once the task is initiated, the task must be completed. P3 tasks include mobility management, etc. (e.g., when the UE moves across service boundaries, when new registration is needed, etc.). Unlike other tasks, P3 tasks cannot be interrupted and must be allowed to finish, once started.
Referring back to FIG. 3, during LTE/CDMA 1X hybrid mode operation, to minimize the impact to LTE operation in idle or RRC connected state, the UE device optimizes the CDMA 1X timeline arrangement according to the priority and latency tolerance of above tasks. For example, P1 type transactions are non-negotiable, and must be honored exactly per slot assignments, etc. However, P1 type transactions generally do not take very long. For example, as soon as paging channel (PCH)/quick paging channel (QPCH) decoding is completed, the UE can return to LTE operation. Accordingly, at step 302 of the method 300, the UE schedules P1 transactions.
Thereafter, the UE schedules P2 type transactions to avoid collisions with LTE activities. Thus, one or more LTE activities are scheduled at step 304, and the remaining time slots are scheduled for P2 type transactions at step 306. Furthermore, it is readily appreciated that P2 transactions can be further grouped, or split into multiple elementary procedures. While switching back and forth between the CDMA 1X network and LTE network is substantially less efficient, these smaller elementary processes are easier to manage, as each process takes less time to finish. Conceivably, many of these smaller elementary processes can be easily and intelligently scheduled into gaps in LTE operation.
Lastly, P3 tasks are scheduled at step 308. P3 tasks are time flexible, but once started must be finished.
It should be further realized that in some cases, each of the foregoing tasks may be further interrelated. For example, while NAS procedures are time insensitive in and of themselves, current NAS data is helpful to reduce other tasks, such as cell selection/cell re-selection. Consequently, while certain P3 tasks may be postponed, may prioritize such tasks higher after a number of postponements. Still other methods for ensuring that certain tasks are appropriately prioritized include for example: increasing priority weights, counter values, etc.
Finally, at step 310 of the method, the UE executes the scheduled tasks.
Apparatus
Referring now to FIG. 4, the exemplary user equipment (UE) apparatus 400 is illustrated in greater detail. The UE includes: (i) one or more Radio Frequency (RF) front-ends 402, (ii) one or more baseband processors 404, and (iii) at least one application processor 406 and associated memor(ies) 408. In various implementations, the RF front-ends and baseband processors may be further specialized to handle a single wireless technology, or generalized to encompass multiple wireless technologies.
As shown, the exemplary UE includes a first RF front-end that is coupled to both first and second baseband processors adapted to interface to a LTE network and CDMA 1X network, respectively. It is further appreciated that the foregoing configuration is purely illustrative, and various implementations may include other cellular technologies such as GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, CDMA2000, CDMA 1X EVDO, LTE-A (LTE Advanced), etc. in various combinations. Moreover, while only a single RF front-end is shown for simplicity, it is appreciated that a RF front-end can (and generally will) include multiple receive and/or transmit antennas and/or chains. For example, well known MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out), SISO (Single in Single Out), MISO (Multiple In Single Out), and SIMO (Single In Multiple Out) antenna configurations are widely used within the related arts, and may be used consistent with the present invention.
Additionally, in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the UE 400 further includes a switching fabric 410 that can connect any one (or more) of the baseband processors 404 to various one (or more) of the antennas 402. The illustrated switching fabric is adapted to connect either the LTE baseband or CDMA 1X baseband to the RF front-end. However, common embodiments may connect one baseband processor to one antenna (“one-to-one”), one-to-many, many-to-one, etc. This “switching” capability is desirable for a number of reasons, including for example: (i) power management, (ii) processing efficiency/flexibility, and (iii) antenna isolation constraints may require that only a subset of radios of a mobile device are active at any one time. In some small form factor designs, there is not enough space to completely isolate multiple antennas during operation; consequently, only one antenna can be active at any time. Similarly, certain form factor designs may reuse antennas for different wireless interfaces, such that only one wireless interface can use a common antenna at any given time. Yet other motivations will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the related arts, and are not discussed further herein (e.g., business or profit considerations, network utilization, etc.)
Moreover, it will be appreciated that other components are commonly incorporated within UE 400, but are not discussed further herein. For example, the UE may include user interface components (display screens, buttons, touch screens, dials, etc.), memory components (e.g., RAM (Random Access Memory), Flash, hard disk drives (HDD), etc.), power management components (e.g., batteries, charger components, etc.), and external interfaces (e.g., FireWireTM, Universal Serial BusTM (USB). Thunderbolt, etc.)
Furthermore, it should be recognized that the UE depicted in FIG. 4 is merely illustrative of one exemplary embodiment. Still other variants useful with the present invention are described with greater detail in co-owned and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/478,922 filed Apr. 25, 2011, and entitled “DUAL NETWORK MOBILE DEVICE RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT”, Ser. No. 13/099,204 filed May 2, 2011 and entitled “SINGLE-RADIO DEVICE SUPPORTING COEXISTENCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES”, 61/472,617 filed Apr. 6, 2011, and entitled “MULTIPLE NETWORK MOBILE DEVICE CONNECTION MANAGEMENT”, 61/433,160 filed Jan. 14, 2011, and entitled “DYNAMIC LOADING IN DEVICES WITH MULTIPLE ANTENNAS”, and 61/433,162 filed Jan. 14, 2011, and entitled “MULTIMODE USER EQUIPMENT WITH DUAL CIRCUIT ARCHITECTURE”, each of the foregoing being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The baseband processors 404 are connected to a scheduling engine 412, where the scheduling engine is configured to schedule one or more network resources according to task time sensitivity. In one exemplary embodiment, the scheduling engine includes a computer program which obtains one or more tasks from the baseband processors, and schedules the tasks in accordance with the various time sensitivities for the one or more other networks. Other approaches may be used as well, such as combinations of software and logic, etc.
In one variant, the schedule information may be based on known operation of the one or more other networks, or alternately, may be identified to the scheduling engine 412 via explicit messaging. For example, a peer network entity of one or more other networks may provide the scheduling engine with e.g., a known paging schedule. In other variants, the schedule information may be known a priori by the scheduling engine. For example, the scheduling engine may have been manufactured with scheduling information associated with the one or more other networks, or be updated with such information by e.g., a manufacturing authority, or other supervisory entity. Such updates may be received through the wireless interface(s), or via other interfaces (including e.g., wireline). In yet another variant, the engine 412 is “intelligent” such that it can divine or extrapolate schedules or patterns based on its observation of one or more operational parameters over time. For instance, if the UE (and its engine 412) detect a given event occurring at a regular prescribed interval, it can extrapolate a schedule from these observations, even without any a priori or other knowledge of the schedule.
It will be recognized that while certain aspects of the invention are described in terms of a specific sequence of steps of a method, these descriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods of the invention, and may be modified as required by the particular application. Certain steps may be rendered unnecessary or optional under certain circumstances. Additionally, certain steps or functionality may be added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of performance of two or more steps permuted. All such variations are considered to be encompassed within the invention disclosed and claimed herein.
While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. The foregoing description is of the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the invention. This description is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should be taken as illustrative of the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.

## Claims

1. A client apparatus for scheduling network tasks based on multiple network schedule constraints, the client apparatus comprising:
one or more wireless interfaces;
a processor; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising at least one computer program having instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the client apparatus to:
classify one or more tasks associated with a first network according to corresponding one or more time sensitivity requirements;
determine a schedule of tasks for the first network based at least in part on one or more tasks associated with a second network, wherein the determined schedule of tasks orders the one or more tasks associated with the first network and the one or more tasks associated with the second network based on the one or more time sensitivity requirements and independent of a level of coordination between the first network and the second network; and
execute the determined schedule.

2. The client apparatus of claim 1, wherein the corresponding time sensitivity requirements comprise at least time sensitive tasks and time insensitive tasks.

3. The client apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions that, when executed by the processor, further cause the client apparatus to classify the one or more tasks associated with the second network according to one or more second corresponding time sensitivity requirements.

4. The client apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second network is a data-only network and the one or more tasks associated with the second network are time insensitive.

5. A method for scheduling client device tasks based on multiple network scheduling constraints in a hybrid network operation, the method comprising:
at a client device:
classifying one or more tasks of a first network according to corresponding time sensitivity requirements;
determining a schedule of tasks for the first network based at least in part on one or more tasks of a second network, wherein the determined schedule of tasks orders the one or more tasks associated with the first network and the one or more tasks associated with the second network based on the one or more time sensitivity requirements and independent of a level of coordination between the first network and the second network; and
executing the determined schedule.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the corresponding time sensitivity requirements comprise at least time sensitive tasks and time insensitive tasks.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the corresponding time sensitivity requirements comprise one or more thresholds of time sensitivity.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the corresponding time sensitivity requirements comprise one or more Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.

9. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving information regarding the one or more tasks of the second network.

10. The method of claim 5, wherein the corresponding time sensitivity requirements are based on one or more periodic events.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more periodic events include paging channel operation.

12. The method of claim 5, wherein a scheduling engine, located in the client device, performs a step of determining the schedule of tasks for the first network.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the scheduling engine is coupled to a first baseband processor associated with the first network and to a second baseband processor associated with the second network.

14. A client apparatus for scheduling network tasks for hybrid network operation, the client apparatus comprising:
one or more wireless interfaces;
a processor; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising at least one computer program having instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the client apparatus to:
classify one or more tasks associated with a first network based on a first set of time sensitivity requirements;
classify one or more prioritized tasks associated with a second network based on a second set of time sensitivity requirements; and
interleave the one or more tasks associated with first network with the one or more prioritized tasks associated with the second network, wherein the interleaving is independent of a level of coordination between the first network and the second network.

15. The client apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first network is a data-only network and the one or more tasks associated with the first network are time insensitive.

16. The client apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more prioritized tasks are further classified according to one or more Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.

17. The client apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more prioritized tasks further comprises one or more paging channel operations of the second network.

18. The client apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more prioritized tasks further comprises one or more radio measurements of the second network.