|   | 2.           Based      on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue      statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to      make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such      statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by      this quarterly report; |
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|   | 3.           Based      on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information      included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects      the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the      registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly      report; |
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|   | 4.           The      registrant’s other certifying officer and I am responsible for      establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as      defined in Exchange Act Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) for the      registrant and have: |
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|   | a)           Designed      such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure      controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure      that material information relating to the registrant, including its      consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those      entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being      prepared; |
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|   | b)           Evaluated      the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures      and presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the      effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of      the period covered by this quarterly report based on such evaluation;      and |
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|   | c)           Disclosed      in this quarterly report any change in the registrant’s internal control      over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent      fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an      annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to      materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial      reporting; and |
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|   | 5.           The      registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our      most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to      the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s      board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent      functions): |
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|   | a)           All      significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or      operation of internal control over financial reporting which are      reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record,      process, summarize and report financial information;  and |
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|   | b)           Any      fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control      over financial reporting. |
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