#### Dawn Cherise LANE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. 1199 SEIU HEALTHCARE WORKERS LABOR UNION, Defendant-Appellee, Montefiore Wakefield, Defendant.

No. 16-3566-cv

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

May 18, 2017

*820APPEARING FOR APPELLANT: COLLEEN NI CHAIRMHAIC, The Law Office of Gerald Gardner Wright, Free-port, New York.

APPEARING FOR APPELLEE: RICHARD L. DORN, Levy Ratner, P.C., New York, New York.

PRESENT: REENA RAGGI, DENNY CHIN, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.

SUMMARY ORDER

Plaintiff Dawn Cherise Lane appeals from the Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) dismissal with prejudice of her claims against the 1199 SEIU Healthcare Workers Labor Union (the “Union”) stemming from her termination as a registered nurse by Mon-tefiore Wakefield Hospital (“Montefiore”). We review *de novo*a district court’s dismissal of a complaint pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), accepting the complaint’s factual allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in the plaintiffs favor. *See Trustees of Upstate N.Y. Eng’rs Pension Fund v. Ivy Asset Mgmt.,*843 F.3d 561, 566 (2d Cir. 2016). To survive dismissal, a complaint must plead “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face,” *Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly,*550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007), and we will not accept as true allegations stating only “legal conclusions,” *Ashcroft v. Iqbal,*556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and record of prior proceedings, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm for substantially the reasons stated by the district court in its thorough and well-reasoned opinion. *See Lane v. Wakefield,*No. 16-CV-1817 (JMF), 2016 WL 5118301 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 20, 2016).2

Lane’s complaint named both Mon-tefiore and the Union as defendants and alleged two state-law causes of action: wage theft and constructive dismissal. Lane voluntarily dismissed her claims against Montefiore because she failed to effect service and does not dispute the dismissal of the wage theft and constructive dismissal claims as against the Union. Instead, she appeals from the district court’s conclusion that, even construing her complaint liberally to include a hybrid claim against the Union for breach of the duty of fair representation pursuant to Section 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act (“LMRA”), *see*29 U.S.C. § 185, Lane faded to plead facts sufficient to state such a claim, *see Lane v. Wakefield,*2016 WL 5118301, at *2. To plead such a claim, Lane had to allege facts demon*821strating both that (1) her employer breached its collective bargaining agreement and (2) her union breached its duty of fair representation. *See Domnister v. Exclusive Ambulette, Inc.,*607 F.3d 84, 87 (2d Cir. 2010). Assuming that Lane could plead the first breach, the district court correctly concluded that she failed to allege facts sufficient to show that the Union took “arbitrary, discriminatory, or ... bad faith” actions that bore a “causal connection ... [to] [her] injuries,” as required to show a breach of the duty of fair representation. *Vaughn v. Air Line Pilots Ass’n, Int’l,*604 F.3d 703, 709 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted); *see Lane v. Wakefield,*2016 WL 5118301, at *2.

Lane argues that even if the district court was correct in that conclusion, it erred in dismissing her complaint against the Union with prejudice because an LMRA hybrid claim was not the “only possible claim” she could bring against that defendant. Appellant’s Reply Br. 12. Lane maintains that the facts alleged could “support a breach of contract action against [t]he Union.” *Id.*at 13. That argument fails, however, because the powerful “preemptive force” of Section 301, *Franchise Tax Bd. v. Constr. Laborers Vacation Tr. for S. Cal.,*463 U.S. 1, 23, 103 S.Ct. 2841, 77 L.Ed.2d 420 (1983), displaces all claims “substantially dependent on analysis of a collective-bargaining agreement,” which would be the case with a breach-of-contract claim predicated on the Union’s failure to represent Lane against Montefiore, *Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams,*482 U.S. 386, 394, 107 S.Ct. 2425, 96 L.Ed.2d 318 (1987) (internal quotation marks omitted).

Insofar as Lane argues that she should have been afforded leave to amend her hybrid claim, the district court *sua spont'e*granted Land leave to amend her complaint after the Union’s motion to dismiss, but she declined to do so and never thereafter sought leave to amend. “While leave to amend ... is freely granted, ... no court can be said to have erred in failing to grant a request that was not made.” *Gallop v. Cheney,*642 F.3d 364, 369 (2d Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). In any event, the district court correctly determined that the factual assertions made in Lane’s briefing below, even if properly pleaded, would not sustain her claim. *See Lane v. Wakefield,*2016 WL 5118301, at *2. The additional facts to which she points on appeal—complaint allegations that she is “of multi-cultural origin” and “over forty (40) years of age,” Pl. App’x 8; similar statements in an affidavit supporting her preliminary injunction motion; and records of her Union dues payments—neither state nor fairly suggest any connection between her race or age and the Union’s alleged breach of the duty to represent her.3 Therefore, the district court did not err in dismissing the complaint with prejudice. *See Gallop v. Cheney,*642 F.3d at 369 (holding that district court did not err in dismissal with prejudice “[i]n the absence of any indication that [plaintiff] could—or would—provide additional allegations that might lead to a different result”).

We have considered Lane’s remaining arguments and conclude that they are without merit. Accordingly, the March 6, 2017 judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

2

. Despite acknowledging diversity jurisdiction below, Lane now argues Aat Ae district court erred in concluding Aat it had diversity jurisdiction in addition to federal-question jurisdiction. *See Lane v. Wakefield,*2016 WL 5118301, at *1 n.1. Because Lane does not dispute Ae court’s independent federal-question jurisdiction, we need not address Ae issue of diversity jurisdiction.

3

. Lane also points to positive employment evaluations to suggest that she was terminated by Montefiore for impermissible reasons. Those evaluations, however, have no bearing on whether the *Union*breached its duty for those reasons.