# Oxalic Acid Dihydrate

For V arroa mite control on bees Active Ingredient:

Oxalic Acid Dihydrate :

................................ ............................ 97 .0% Inert Ingredients:

................................ ................................ ......... 3 .0%

TOTAL:

................................ ................................ .................... 100.0% 

## PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND

DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

# DANGER

Acute Hazards: May be fatal if swallowed.

Harmful if inhaled. Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage.

Hazard avoidance: Do not breathe dust or fumes. Do not get in eye s, on skin, or on clothing. Wear protective clothing, eyewear, and respiratory protection as listed under “Persona l Protective Equipment.” Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before

reuse.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT : Handlers and Applicators who apply product by the Solution Method must wear:

- L ong

- sleeved shirt and long pants

- Socks and shoes

- Protective gloves

- Protective eyewear such as goggles

- Half

- face respirator with cartridge and/or particulate filter

Handlers and Applicators who apply product by the Vaporizer Method must wear:

- Long

- sleeved shirt and long pants

- Socks and shoes

- Waterproof gloves

- Protective eyewear such as goggles

- H alf

- face respirator with cartridge and/or particulate filter

User Safety Requirements: Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/ maintaining PPE. If no such instructions are provided for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.

W ash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet.

R emove clothing /PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing.

R emove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. 

## DIRECTIONS FOR USE

It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.

READ THIS LABEL: Read the entire label. This product must be used strictly in accordance with this label’s precautionary statements and use directions, as well as with all applicable State and Federal laws and regulations

.



### USE RESTRICTIONS:

Oxalic Acid Dihydrate applications are for outdoor use only.

DO NOT use in enclosed overwintering

areas.

Use only in late fall or early spring when little or no brood is present. Oxalic Acid Dihydrate might damage bee brood. Oxalic Acid

Di hydrate will not control Varroa mites in capped brood.

Do not use when honey supers are in place to prevent contamination of marketable honey.

Apply only when monitoring indicates treatment is required. Consult state guidelines and local extension experts for monitoring protocols and thresholds for

treatment.

(See next page for additional DIRECTIONS FOR USE) 

## FIRST AID

If swallowed

- Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice.

- Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow.

- DO NOT INDUCE VOMITI NG unless told to by the poison control

center or doctor.

- Do not give anything to an unconscious person.

If on skin or

- Take off contaminated clothing. clothing

- Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15

- 20 minutes.

- Call a poison control center or doctor for advice.

If inhaled

- Move person to fresh air.

- If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, if possible. DO NOT use mouth

- to

- mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance, use res piratory medical device

.

- Call a poison control center or doctor for advice

.

If in eyes

- Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15

- 20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye

.

- Ca ll a poison control center or doctor for advice

.

Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center, doctor, or going for treatment.

For non

- emergency information concerning this product, call the National Pesticides Information Center (NPIC) at 1

- 800

- 858

- 7378 seven days a week, 6:30 am to 4:30 pm Pacific Time (NPIC Website: www.npic.orst.edu ).

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damag e may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. Provide general supportive measures and treat symptomatically. Treatment should be rapidly instituted by giving a dilute solution of calcium lactate, limewater, finely pulverized chalk, plaster, and/or milk t o supply large amounts of calcium to inactivate oxalate by forming an insoluble calcium salt in the stomach. Gastric lavage is controversial, since this may compound an already severe corrosive lesion in the esophagus or stomach. However, if used, gastric lavage should be done with limewater (calcium hydroxide). Intravenous gluconate or calcium chloride solutions should be given to prevent hypocalcemic tetany; in severe cases parathyroid extract also has been given. Additionally, acute renal

failure should be anticipated, and careful fluid management is necessary. Metabolically its toxicity is believed to be due to the capacity of oxalic acid to immobilize calcium and thus upset the calcium

- potassium ratio in critical tissues. Effective therapy against burns from oxalic acid involves replacement of calcium. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE , Bee Research Laboratory

10300 Baltimore Avenue , Bldg. 306, Rm. 315

BARC

- EAST Beltsville, MD 20705

EPA Reg. No. 91266

- R

EPA Est. No. xxxxx
- xx Net Contents: ______ Batch Code No.: _____________

EPA Reg. No. 91266

- xx page 1 of 2 

## KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

# DANGER

- PELIGROEPA Reg. No. 91266

- xx page 2 of 2 

## DIRECTIONS FOR USE

, continued



### APPLICATION DIRECTIONS:

Oxalic acid is used to treat broodless colonies, packages, or swarms. This product can also be used as a “clean up” Varroa

treatment 30 days following a formic acid application where Varroa infestations are problematic.

SOLUTION METHOD:

NOTE: To completely dissolve Oxalic Acid Dihydrate, use warm syrup.

Dissolve 35 g of Oxalic Acid Dihydrate in 1 liter of 1:1 sugar: water (weight:volume). Smoke bees down from the top bars. With a syringe or an applicator, trickle 5 ml of this solution direct ly onto the bees in each occupied bee space in each brood box. The maximum dose is 50 ml per colony whether bees are in nucs, single, or multiple brood chambers. Under certain unfavorable conditions (e.g., weak colonies, unfavorable overwintering condition s), this application methods may cause some bee mortality or overwintering bee loss.

VAPORIZER METHOD: Apply only to outdoor colonies with a restricted lower hive entrance. Seal all upper hive entrances and cracks with tape to avoid escape of Oxalic Acid vapor. Smoke bees up from the bottom board, Place 2.0 g Oxalic Acid Dihydrate powder into vaporizer. Follow the vaporizer manufacturer’s directions for use. Insert the vaporizer apparatus through the bottom entrance. Apply heat until all Oxalic Acid has su blimated.

SPRAYING PACKAGE BEES Ensure bees are clustered before applying oxalic acid (for example store in cool dark location 24 hours before application).

Spray broodless package bees with a 1:1 sugar:water solution at least 2 hours before spraying wi th oxalic acid. This allows bees to fill honey stomachs with sugar water reducing ingestion of oxalic acid.

Mix a 2.8% oxalic acid solution by dissolving 35 g of Oxalic Acid Dihydrate in 1 liter of 1:1 sugar: water (weight:volume). Evenly apply 3.0 mL of 2.8% oxalic acid solution per 1,000 bees using a pump sprayer or battery powered sprayer (for example, a typical 2 lb package contains approximately 7,000 bees which requires 21 mL of solution). Apply solution evenly on both sides of the package.

Store bees in a cool darkened room for 72 hours before hiving

.



### POST TREATMENT CLEANUP : All clean up and maintenance activities should be performed in a well

- ventilated area, preferably outdoors.



### RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT: Any Varroa mite population has the potential to become resistant to insecticides. Resistance development is affected by both the frequency of application and rate/dose of application. Continued reliance on a single class of miticide or single miticide wi th the same mode of action will select for resistant individuals which may dominate the mite population in subsequent generations. In order to prevent resistance development and to maintain the usefulness of individual insecticides it is important to adop t appropriate resistant management strategies.

To delay resistance:

• When possible, rotate the use of miticides to reduce selection pressure as compared to repeatedly using the same product, mode or action or chemical class. If multiple applications are required, use a different mode of action each time before returning to a previously

- used one.

• Base miticide use on Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This includes proper pest identification, monitoring for locality specific economic threshold and economi c injury levels, record keeping, and utilizing all available control practices (cultural, biological and chemical).

• Maximize efficacy by following all label instructions including dosage and timing of application. 

## STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

PESTICIDE STORAGE: Store only in original container, in a dry place inaccessible to children, pets, and domestic animals.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility.

CONTAINER HANDLING: Nonrefillable container.

Do not reuse or refill this container.

PLASTIC CONTAINER DISPOSAL : Triple rinse

container (or equivalent) promptly after use. Offer for recycling, if available. Otherwise, puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke.