STATE OF VERMONT 

ENVIRONMENTAL COURT

}

 Secretary, Vermont Agency of } 

 Natural Resources, } 

 Plaintiff, } Docket No. 170-10-10 Vtec 

 } (Administrative Order 

v. } enforcement proceeding) 

 } 

 Robert Deering and Randy Andrews, } 

 Respondents. } 

 } 

Decision on the Merits 

This matter came before us for hearing after Robert Deering filed a timely 

request for a hearing and gave notice contesting the October 6, 2010 Administrative 

Order ( “the Order” or “AO”) issued against him and Randy Andrews (“Respondents”) 

by the Secretary of the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (“ANR”). The Order 

alleged that Respondents Deering and Andrews directed and conducted alterations of 

the White River without first obtaining a permit or emergency authorization, in 

violation of the Vermont Stream Flow Regulations located at chapter 41 of title 10 of 

the Vermont Statutes Annotated. The Order includes an ANR directive that 

Respondents pay certain penalties, abide by the applicable Regulations in the future, 

and complete other remedial measures as ANR may require. 

The Court thereafter conducted a merits hearing on May 4, 2011. Respondents 

appeared1 at the merits hearing and represented themselves. ANR was represented at 

the hearing by John Zaikowski, Esq., an ANR staff attorney. At the close of evidence, 

the Court offered the parties an opportunity to file post-trial memoranda. Based upon 

the relevant evidence presented at the hearing, the Court renders the following factual 

and legal determinations, including determinations on ANR’s request for imposition of 

penalties and other relief. 

 

1

 Respondent Andrews appeared at the merits hearing, even though he failed to request a hearing or enter his 

appearance in this matter prior to trial. The Court nonetheless allowed Respondent Andrews to participate in the 

hearing. 
2 

Factual Findings 

1. Respondent Deering owns property located at 529 Route 100 in the Town of 

Hancock, Vermont. The Deering property is bounded on the easterly side by the White 

River. 

2. During high water events, Respondent Deering’s property floods as the White 

River breaches its banks in the vicinity of his property. During a significant rainstorm 

in 2008, the Deering property and some adjoining properties in Hancock were flooded, 

suffering severe damage and soil erosion. 

3. The erosion and other damage caused by this 2008 rainstorm were so 

significant as to cause Respondent Deering to lose approximately one acre of land. On 

the land adjoining Respondent Deering’s property, where his son occupies a singlefamily residence, the flood washed away the on-site septic system. Due to the 

realignment of the White River, the land in which the water supply well was located is 

now in the White River. 

4. In response to the damage to his property in 2008, Respondent Deering 

obtained a stream flow alteration permit, issued on an emergency basis, to conduct 

remediation work, including work within the water course of the White River. Because 

the 2008 rainstorm and the flooding it caused were so significant, the course of the 

White River had changed in several areas, including in the vicinity of the Deering 

property. 

5. ANR officials worked closely with Respondent Deering in response to the 2008 

flooding and erosion of his property and offered guidance as to how he could complete 

the necessary remediation work and stay within the authority of his emergency permit 

and the applicable stream flow alteration regulations. 

6. In April of 2010, another significant rainstorm occurred and caused the White 

River to again exceed its banks and cause erosion and other damage to Respondent 

Deering’s property. 

7. In response to the erosion and other damage caused by this 2010 rainstorm, 

Respondent Deering hired Respondent Andrews to complete excavation work to 

stabilize the westerly bank of the White River. Respondent Andrews, at Respondent 

Deering’s direction, brought excavation equipment onto Deering’s property, operated 

that equipment along and within the reconfigured channel of the White River, and reestablished approximately 140 linear feet of the bank and channel of the White River. 
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To complete this work, Respondent Andrews, again at Respondent Deering’s direction, 

brought approximately 300 cubic yards of stone and earthen fill material onto 

Deering’s property and deposited it along and into the White River. 

8. At no time prior to completing this work did either Respondent contact ANR 

stream flow officials or obtain a stream flow alteration permit to do this work. 

Respondents also did not receive any emergency authorization for the work or provide 

notice of the work to local or ANR officials, as contemplated by 10 V.S.A. § 1021. 

9. On or about April 26, 2010, ANR officials were notified of Respondent Andrews’ 

work along the White River on Respondent Deering’s property. These notifications 

came from unnamed citizens who were concerned about excavation equipment being 

operated within the banks of the White River. On cross examination, Respondent 

Deering admitted that the work he directed Respondent Andrews to do began on 

Friday, April 23rd and continued until Monday, April 26, 2010. 

10. Once ANR officials inspected the work being done on Respondent Deering’s 

property, Respondent Andrews immediately stopped; however, he had essentially 

completed the work that Respondent Deering had directed him to do. 

11. Respondent Deering’s prior experience with stream flow alteration/remediation 

work provided him with knowledge about the applicable regulations and permit 

processes. 

12. Respondent Andrews is an experienced excavation contractor and knew or 

should have known about the need to inquire of ANR officials concerning stream flow 

work. 

13. Respondents’ failure to apply for a stream flow alteration permit prevented ANR 

officials from reviewing their work plans and denied potentially affected parties and 

town officials the opportunity to review Respondents’ work plans, offer suggested 

changes, and contemplate possible impacts to downstream properties. 

14. The work Respondent Andrews performed in the White River, at Respondent 

Deering’s direction, most likely impacted properties downstream. The evidence 

presented in this proceeding does not provide a factual foundation for identifying these 

specific impacts, but it appears undisputed that these types of unregulated activities 

pose a risk of negative impacts to downstream properties. 

15. Now that the work Respondents directed and performed has been completed, 

ANR has determined that Respondents should not be directed or allowed to perform 
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further remediation work, since such work may cause further unnecessary stream 

flow alterations. We find ANR’s assessment credible and adopt it as our factual 

finding. 

Discussion 

Respondents do not appear to dispute the substantive legal question now before 

this Court: whether the work that they directed and did required a permit under the 

applicable statutory provisions (10 V.S.A. §§ 1021 and 1022). Respondents have 

offered no legal argument to refute ANR’s claims. Further, Respondents were aware of 

the statutory provisions that allow persons to take “emergency preventative measures 

necessary to preserve life or to prevent severe imminent damage to public or private 

property,” provided they give prior notice to both local and ANR officials. 10 V.S.A. 

§ 1021(b). However, Respondents chose to neither seek a stream flow alteration 

permit nor give notice for emergency actions. Both Respondents testified at trial and 

appeared to the Court to be sincere, credible witnesses. However, the testimony they 

provided lacked any contest with the material allegations presented in the Secretary’s 

Order. 

Based upon the evidence presented, we conclude that both Respondents knew 

their directions and actions violated the Vermont Stream Flow Regulations (title 10, 

chapter 41 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated) but made a conscious decision to 

ignore their obligations under those Regulations so that they could complete their 

work without possible inquiry from local and state officials and potentially affected 

parties. We find no authorization for Respondents’ actions and therefore AFFIRM the 

October 6, 2010 AO issued by the ANR Secretary against Respondents, under the 

authority conferred on this Court by 10 V.S.A. § 8012(b)(1) and (2). 

Pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 8010(b), ANR also determined and announced an 

assessment of penalties in its October 6, 2010 AO. Once an AO is challenged before 

this Court, we have the authority to “affirm, modify or reverse any provision of any 

[administrative] order.” 10 V.S.A. § 8012(b)(3).2 Based upon the evidence and legal 

arguments presented, we conclude that the AO must be AFFIRMED in its entirety, 

including the assessment of penalties against Respondent Deering in the amount of 

 

2

 One exception noted in 10 V.S.A. § 8012(b)(3) to our authority to “affirm, modify or reverse” an administrative 

order is that we can only affirm “or vacate and remand” any directives contained therein that are effectively 

injunctive orders that ANR is authorized to make under 10 V.S.A. § 8008(b)(5). Since our decision here affirms the 

AO and does not disturb the directives contained therein, this exception is not implicated. 
5 

$5,400.00 and the assessment against Respondent Andrews in the amount of 

$3,600.00. 

Conclusion 

For the reasons stated above, we conclude that Respondents Robert Deering 

and Randy Andrews violated the Vermont Stream Flow Regulations (10 V.S.A. §§ 1021 

and 1022) by directing and conducting unpermitted activities between April 23 and 

26, 2010 on Respondent Deering’s property along the White River and located at 529 

Route 100 in the Town of Hancock. We therefore AFFIRM the October 6, 2010 AO in 

its entirety, including the assessment of penalties against Respondent Deering in the 

amount of $5,400.00 and the assessment of penalties against Respondent Andrews in 

the amount of $3,600.00. 

A Judgment Order accompanies this Decision. This concludes the current 

proceedings before this Court in this enforcement action. 

 Done at Newfane, Vermont this 29th day of September, 2011 

______________________________________________ 

 Thomas S. Durkin, Environmental Judge