Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-21-00234-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF S.J.Z. and L.C.Z., Children

From the 37th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2020PA01562

Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Irene Rios, Justice

Sitting: Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Irene Rios, Justice

Beth Watkins, Justice

Delivered and Filed: November 17, 2021

AFFIRMED

In this parental rights suit, the trial court determined it was in the children’s best interests 

to appoint Mother as managing conservator and Father as possessory conservator.1

 In his sole 

issue, Father argues the trial court abused its discretion when its Final Order in Suit Affecting the 

Parent-Child Relationship (“the SAPCR Order”) did not reflect the parties’ agreement on Father’s 

access to the children. We affirm the trial court’s order.

BACKGROUND

The Department of Family and Protective Services (“the Department”) became involved 

in the underlying case on March 7, 2020, when it received a report there was domestic violence in 

1 To protect the identity of minor children in an appeal arising out of a case in which the termination of parental rights 

was at issue, we refer to the parents as “Mother” and “Father” and the children as “children.” See TEX. FAM. CODE 

ANN. § 109.002(d); TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b)(2).
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the home and Mother was often under the influence of alcohol while the children were in her care. 

Upon further investigation, the Department removed the children because, among other reasons,

there was domestic violence in the home.

On July 31, 2020, the Department filed a petition seeking temporary managing

conservatorship of the children and—if reunification could not be achieved—for termination of 

Mother and Father’s parental rights. On May 6, 2021, the trial court held a bench trial. At trial, 

the Department did not seek termination of Mother and Father’s parental rights. Instead, the 

Department recommended Mother be named permanent managing conservator and Father be 

named possessory conservator with restricted visitation.

At trial, Chelsea Solis—the Department’s caseworker—testified Father had not addressed 

all the Department’s concerns; however, he had started to engage in his services under the family 

service plan. Solis stated domestic violence was one of the concerns that led the Department to 

remove the children from the home and, although Father tried to sign up for domestic violence 

classes, he had not started. Solis stated it was in the children’s best interests for Father’s visitation

to occur as mutually agreed upon by Mother and Father. However, Solis testified, there is a long 

history of conflict between Mother and Father, and it would be in the children’s best interests for 

Father’s visitation to be supervised by a third-party contractor if Mother and Father could not agree 

on terms of visitation.

After closing arguments, the trial court stated the following findings are in the best interests 

of the children:

Visitation is as agreed upon between the parents. Failing agreement, though, it 

would be supervised by the managing conservator or a person designated by the 

managing conservator . . . . And, if there’s no agreement as to who should 

supervise, it would be at . . . KidShare with seven days[’] notice at [Father’s] 

expense.
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So it’s supervised. If they can’t agree to the terms of visitation and supervision, 

then it’s at KidShare at [Father’s] expense with seven days[’] notice.

The SAPCR Order states Father “shall have restricted possession or access” and “the 

conservators shall have possession of the children at times mutually agreed to in advance by the 

parties and, in the absence of mutual agreement, as specified in Attachment A to this order[.]” 

Attachment A states that Father shall have access as follows: “Visitation can be mutually agreed 

upon by [Mother] and [Father]; in the alternative, [Mother] can designate a supervisor for the visits 

or at KidShare with [seven] days[’] notice at Father’s expense.” Father appeals the portion of the 

trial court’s order pertaining to his access to the children.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the trial court’s determinations of conservatorship, and the terms of possession 

of and access to a child under an abuse of discretion standard. In re M.G.N., 491 S.W.3d 386, 406 

(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2016, pet. denied). “A trial court abuses its discretion if it acts 

arbitrarily, unreasonably, or without reference to any guiding rules or principles.” Id. “There is 

no abuse of discretion as long as some evidence of a substantive and probative character exists to 

support the trial court’s exercise of its discretion.” In re H.D.C., 474 S.W.3d 758, 763 (Tex. 

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.).

DISCUSSION

Father argues the parties informally agreed he would be granted weekly visitation with the 

children and the trial court abused its discretion when it did not incorporate the agreement into the 

SACPR Order. The Department argues Father did not preserve this issue for review and, in the 

alternative, the trial court did not abuse its discretion because Father’s access to the children under 

the SAPCR Order is in the best interests of the children. Because we agree with the Department 
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that the trial court did not abuse its discretion, we assume without deciding Father preserved his 

issue for review and address the merits of the case.

Applicable Law

“The best interest of the child shall always be the primary consideration of the court in 

determining the issues of conservatorship and possession of and access to the child.” TEX. FAM.

CODE ANN. § 153.002. “Because the trial court is in a position to analyze the facts, with regard to 

issues of conservatorship, control, possession, child support, and visitation, the trial court is given 

wide latitude in determining the best interests of a minor child.” In re A.R., No. 06-20-00016-CV, 

2020 WL 4229328, at *2 (Tex. App.—Texarkana July 24, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.) (quotations 

omitted).

“Whether a set of broad, enforceable guidelines is preferable to an order granting discretion 

to the managing conservators requires a case-by-case determination of the child’s best interest.” 

In re J.J.R.S., 627 S.W.3d 211, 222 (Tex. 2021). The terms of an order that imposes restrictions 

or limitations on a parent’s right to possession of or access to a child may not exceed those that 

are required to protect the best interest of the child. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 153.193. “A

parent appointed possessory conservator should at least have periodic visiting privileges with their 

child and should not be denied such, except in extreme circumstances.” Hale v. Hale, 

No. 04-05-00314-CV, 2006 WL 166518, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Jan. 25, 2006, pet. 

denied) (mem. op.).

Analysis

Father argues the trial court’s decision not to adopt the parties’ alleged agreement into the 

SAPCR Order was an abuse of discretion. At the outset, we note that it is not clear from the record 

whether the parties agreed Father should have received weekly visitation with the children. 

Regardless, the trial court was not bound to accept the parties’ alleged agreement. See In re I.G., 
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No. 02-21-00119-CV, 2021 WL 3556955, at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 12, 2021, no 

pet. h.) (mem. op.) (“[U]nder the Family Code, an agreement concerning conservatorship[, access 

to,] and possession of a child must be enforced by the trial court only if the court finds that the 

agreement is in the child’s best interest.”). Instead, it is the best interests of the children that guides 

the trial court’s decision on terms of visitation. See H.D.C., 474 S.W.3d at 764 (“A child’s best 

interest is always the primary consideration of the court in determining issues of possession and 

access.”).

Here, the trial court heard evidence that Father had not fully addressed the Department’s 

concerns with domestic violence in the home, which was one of the reasons that led to the 

Department’s removal of the children. While Solis’s testimony indicates Father has made great 

progress on his services, he has not completed domestic violence classes. Because Father has not 

fully addressed the Department’s concern regarding domestic violence, the trial court reasonably 

tailored a visitation schedule that would protect Father’s right of access to his children and protect

the children’s best interests. Accordingly, the trial court adopted the Department’s 

recommendation and granted Father supervised visitation with the children at a time and place 

mutually agreed upon between Mother and Father. However, if a conflict arose between Mother 

and Father, or they could not agree on terms of visitation, the SAPCR Order gave Mother the 

option to require Father’s future visitation occur at KidShare. Moreover, the trial court did 

effectively adopt the parties’ alleged agreement. While not a model of clarity, the SAPCR Order 

allows Father the right to determine the date of visitation upon seven days’ notice to Mother.

Given the concerns about Father’s history of domestic violence and conflict between 

Mother and Father, we cannot say this visitation structure was arbitrary or unreasonable. Rather, 

the trial court’s order is supported by the evidence and the trial court’s decision was guided by the 
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best interests of the children. Therefore, we hold the trial court did not abuse its discretion when 

it tailored Father’s access to protect the best interests of the children.

We overrule Father’s sole issue.

CONCLUSION

The trial court’s order is affirmed.

Irene Rios, Justice

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