# Patent

## Title
Wide ratio transmissions with three planetary gear sets and two brakes

## Abstract

The family of transmissions has a plurality of members that can be utilized in powertrains to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio. The transmission family members include three planetary gear sets having seven torque-transmitting mechanisms and three fixed interconnections. The powertrain includes an engine and torque converter that is continuously connected to at least one of the planetary gear members and an output member that is continuously connected with another one of the planetary gear members. The seven torque-transmitting mechanisms provide interconnections between various gear members, the input shaft, the output shaft, and the transmission housing, and are operated in combinations of two to establish at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a family of power transmissions having three planetary gear sets that are controlled by seven torque-transmitting devices to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Passenger vehicles include a powertrain that is comprised of an engine, multi-speed transmission, and a differential or final drive. The multi-speed transmission increases the overall operating range of the vehicle by permitting the engine to operate through its torque range a number of times. The number of forward speed ratios that are available in the transmission determines the number of times the engine torque range is repeated. Early automatic transmissions had two speed ranges. This severely limited the overall speed range of the vehicle and therefore required a relatively large engine that could produce a wide speed and torque range. This resulted in the engine operating at a specific fuel consumption point during cruising, other than the most efficient point. Therefore, manually-shifted (countershaft transmissions) were the most popular.
With the advent of three- and four-speed automatic transmissions, the automatic shifting (planetary gear) transmission increased in popularity with the motoring public. These transmissions improved the operating performance and fuel economy of the vehicle. The increased number of speed ratios reduces the step size between ratios and therefore improves the shift quality of the transmission by making the ratio interchanges substantially imperceptible to the operator under normal vehicle acceleration.
It has been suggested that the number of forward speed ratios be increased to six or more. Six-speed transmissions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,070,927 issued to Polak on Jan. 31, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. 6,071,208 issued to Koivunen on Jun. 6, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,352 issued to Lepelletier on Apr. 21, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,251 issued to Beim and McCarrick on Feb. 4, 1997; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,422,969 issued to Raghavan and Usoro on Jul. 23, 2002.
Six-speed transmissions offer several advantages over four- and five-speed transmissions, including improved vehicle acceleration and improved fuel economy. While many trucks employ power transmissions having six or more forward speed ratios, passenger cars are still manufactured with three- and four-speed automatic transmissions and relatively few five or six-speed devices due to the size and complexity of these transmissions.
Seven-speed transmissions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,709,594 to Maeda; U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,839 to Baldwin et. al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,135 to Baldwin et. al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,397 issued to Raghavan, Bucknor and Usoro. Eight speed transmissions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,375,592 issued to Takahashi et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,841 issued to Haka; U.S. Pat. No. 6,471,615 issued to Naraki et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,558,287 issued to Hayabuchi et al. The Haka and Hayabuchi transmissions utilize three planetary gear sets and six torque-transmitting devices, including two brakes and two clutches, to provide eight forward speed ratios and a reverse speed ratio. One of the planetary gear sets is positioned and operated to establish two fixed speed input members for the remaining two planetary gear sets. The Haka transmission requires two double transition shifts and the Hayabuchi transmission offers low overall ratio spread for an eight speed transmission. The Takahashi and Naraki transmissions employ a complex arrangement of multiple planetary gear sets, multiple countershaft gear sets and multiple torque-transmitting devices (clutches, brakes and freewheelers) to provide eight forward speed ratios and a reverse speed ratio. Seven-, eight- and nine-speed transmissions provide further improvements in acceleration and fuel economy over six-speed transmissions. However, like the six-speed transmissions discussed above, the development of seven-, eight- and nine-speed transmissions has been precluded because of complexity, size and cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved family of transmissions having three planetary gear sets controlled to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.
In one aspect of the present invention, the family of transmissions has three planetary gear sets, each of which includes a first, second and third member, which members may comprise a sun gear, a ring gear, or a planet carrier assembly member.
In referring to the first, second and third gear sets in this description and in the claims, these sets may be counted “first” to “third” in any order in the drawings (i.e., left to right, right to left, etc.). Additionally, the first, second and third gear member of each gear set may be counted “first” to “third” in any order in the drawings (i.e., top to bottom, bottom to top, etc.) for each gear set.
In another aspect of the present invention, each of the planetary gear sets may be single pinion-carriers or double pinion-carriers.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a first member of the first planetary gear set is continuously interconnected to a first member of the second planetary gear set through a first interconnecting member.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a second member of the first planetary gear set is continuously interconnected to a first member of the third planetary gear set through a second interconnecting member.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a second member of the second planetary gear set is continuously interconnected to a second member of the third planetary gear set through a third interconnecting member.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, each family member incorporates an input shaft which is continuously connected with a member of the planetary gear sets and an output shaft which is continuously connected with another member of the planetary gear sets.
In still a further aspect of the invention, a first torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a brake, selectively interconnects a member of the first or second planetary gear set with a stationary member (transmission housing).
In another aspect of the invention, a second torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a brake, selectively interconnects a member of the second or third planetary gear set with the stationary member (transmission housing).
In a still further aspect of the invention, a third torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the first planetary gear set with a member of the second or third planetary gear set.
In a still further aspect of the invention, a fourth torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the second planetary gear set with a member of the first or third planetary gear set.
In a still further aspect of the invention, a fifth torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the third planetary gear set with a member of the first or second planetary gear set.
In still another aspect of the invention, a sixth torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the first or second planetary gear set with another member of the first, second or third planetary gear set.
In still another aspect of the invention, a seventh torque-transmitting mechanism, such as a clutch, selectively interconnects a member of the second or third planetary gear set with another member of the first, second or third planetary gear set.
In still another aspect of the invention, the seven torque-transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of two to yield at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.
The resulting transmission provides a significantly wider ratio spread in comparison to transmissions with fewer speed ratios.
The above features and other features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1a is a schematic representation of a powertrain including a planetary transmission incorporating a family member of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 1a; 
FIG. 2a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 2a; 
FIG. 3a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 3a; 
FIG. 4a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 4a; 
FIG. 5a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 5a; 
FIG. 6a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 6a; 
FIG. 7a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 7a; 
FIG. 8a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 8a; 
FIG. 9a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention;
FIG. 9b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 9a; 
FIG. 10a is a schematic representation of a powertrain having a planetary transmission incorporating another family member of the present invention; and
FIG. 10b is a truth table and chart depicting some of the operating characteristics of the powertrain shown in FIG. 10a. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, wherein like characters represent the same or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown in FIG. 1a a powertrain 10 having a conventional engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 14, and a conventional final drive mechanism 16.
The planetary transmission 14 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary gear arrangement 18, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 18 includes three planetary gear sets 20, 30 and 40.
The planetary gear set 20 includes a sun gear member 22, a ring gear member 24, and a planet carrier assembly 26. The planet carrier assembly 26 includes a plurality of pinion gears 27 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 29 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear member 24.
The planetary gear set 30 includes a sun gear member 32, a ring gear member 34, and a planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 36 includes a plurality of pinion gears 37 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 39 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear member 34.
The planetary gear set 40 includes a sun gear member 42, a ring gear member 44, and a planet carrier assembly member 46. The planet carrier assembly member 46 includes a plurality of pinion gears 47 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 49 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear member 44.
The planetary gear arrangement also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 50, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58 and 59. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 54, 56, 57, 58 and 59 are rotating-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 50 and 52 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 46, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 26. The planet carrier assembly member 26 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 34 through the interconnecting member 70. The sun gear member 22 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 44 through the interconnecting member 72. The sun gear member 32 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 42 through the interconnecting member 74.
The ring gear member 24 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 60 through the brake 50. The sun gear member 42 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 60 through the brake 52. The planet carrier assembly member 36 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 22 through the clutch 54. The planet carrier assembly member 36 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 24 through the clutch 56. The planet carrier assembly member 46 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 36 through the clutch 57. The planet carrier assembly member 46 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 42 through the clutch 58. The sun gear member 22 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 26 through the clutch 59.
As shown in FIG. 1b, and in particular the truth table disclosed therein, the torque-transmitting mechanisms are selectively engaged in combinations of two to provide nine forward speed ratios and a reverse speed ratio.
The reverse speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 50 and the clutch 57. The brake 50 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60, and the clutch 57 connects the planet carrier assembly member 46 with the planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 46 and the planet carrier assembly member 36 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 32 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 44. The sun gear member 42 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the ring gear member 44 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 34 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 32, the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 24 does not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 26, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The numerical value of the reverse speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30, 40.
The first forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 50 and the clutch 54. The brake 50 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60, and the clutch 54 connects the sun gear member 22 with the planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 46 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 44 and the sun gear member 22 rotate at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The sun gear member 32 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The speed of the ring gear member 44 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The planet carrier assembly member 26 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 34. The speed of the ring gear member 34 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36, the speed of the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The ring gear member 24 does not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 26, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The numerical value of the first forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30, 40.
The second forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 50 and the clutch 58. The brake 50 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60, and the clutch 58 connects the planet carrier assembly member 46 with the sun gear member 42. The planet carrier assembly member 46, the sun gear member 42 and the sun gear member 32 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 44. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 24 does not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 26, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The numerical value of the second forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20.
The third forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 50 and the brake 52. The brake 50 connects the ring gear member 24 to the transmission housing 60, and the brake 52 connects the sun gear member 42 with the transmission housing 60. The planet carrier assembly member 46 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 44. The speed of the ring gear member 44 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The planet carrier assembly member 36 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 24, the sun gear member 32 and the sun gear member 42 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 26, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The numerical value of the third forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20 and 40.
The fourth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 50 and the clutch 56. The brake 50 connects the ring gear member 24 with the transmission housing 60, and the clutch 56 connects the planet carrier assembly member 36 with the ring gear member 24. The planet carrier assembly member 46 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 32 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 42. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 44. The speed of the ring gear member 44 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46, the speed of the sun gear member 42 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 24 and the planet carrier assembly member 36 do not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 34 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 32 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The planet carrier assembly member 26, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The numerical value of the fourth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30, 40.
The fifth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 52 and the clutch 56. The brake 52 connects the sun gear member 42 to the transmission housing 60. The clutch 56 connects the planet carrier assembly member 36 with the ring gear member 24. The planet carrier assembly member 46 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 22 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 44. The speed of the ring gear member 44 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The ring gear member 24 rotates at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The sun gear member 32 and the sun gear member 42 do not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 34 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The planet carrier assembly member 26, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the ring gear member 24, the speed of the sun gear member 22 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20. The numerical value of the fifth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 20, 30, 40.
The sixth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutches 56, 57. In this configuration, the input shaft 17 is directly connected with the output shaft 19. The numerical value of the sixth forward speed ratio is 1.
The seventh forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 52 and the clutch 57. The brake 52 connects the sun gear member 42 to the transmission housing 60, and the clutch 57 connects the planet carrier assembly member 36 with the planet carrier assembly member 46. The planet carrier assembly member 46 and the planet carrier assembly member 36 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The sun gear member 32 and the sun gear member 42 do not rotate. The ring gear member 34, and the therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The numerical value of the seventh forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30.
The eight forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 52 and the clutch 59. The brake 52 connects the sun gear member 42 with the transmission housing 60. The clutch 59 connects the planet carrier assembly member 26 with the sun gear member 22. The planet carrier assembly member 46 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 44, the sun gear member 22, the ring gear member 34, and the planet carrier assembly member 26 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The sun gear member 42 and the sun gear member 32 do not rotate. The ring gear member 44, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The numerical value of the eighth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40.
The ninth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 52 and the clutch 54. The brake 52 connects the sun gear member 42 with the transmission housing 60. The clutch 54 connects the sun gear member 22 with the planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 46 rotates at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 44 and the sun gear member 22 rotate at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 36. The planet carrier assembly member 26 and the ring gear member 34 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The sun gear member 42 and the sun gear member 32 do not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 44 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 46 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. The ring gear member 34, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 36 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30. The numerical value of the ninth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 30, 40.
As set forth above, the engagement schedule for the torque-transmitting mechanisms is shown in the truth table of FIG. 1b. This truth table also provides an example of speed ratios that are available utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios given by way of example in FIG. 1b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 20; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 30; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 40. Also, the chart of FIG. 1b describes the ratio steps that are attained utilizing the sample of tooth ratios given. For example, the step ratio between the first and second forward speed ratios is 1.71, while the step ratio between the reverse and first forward ratio is −0.98. It can be readily recognized from the truth table that each of the single step forward ratio interchanges are of the single transition variety. Additionally, the torque-transmitting mechanism 50 remains engaged through the neutral condition, thus simplifying the forward/reverse interchange.
FIG. 2a shows a powertrain 110 having a conventional engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 114, and a conventional final drive mechanism 16.
The planetary transmission 114 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary gear arrangement 118, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 118 includes three planetary gear sets 120, 130 and 140.
The planetary gear set 120 includes a sun gear member 122, a ring gear member 124, and a planet carrier assembly 126. The planet carrier assembly 126 includes a plurality of pinion gears 127 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 129 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 122 and the ring gear member 124.
The planetary gear set 130 includes a sun gear member 132, a ring gear member 134, and a planet carrier assembly member 136. The planet carrier assembly member 136 includes a plurality of pinion gears 137 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 139 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 132 and the ring gear member 134.
The planetary gear set 140 includes a sun gear member 142, a ring gear member 144, and a planet carrier assembly member 146. The planet carrier assembly member 146 includes a plurality of pinion gears 147 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 149 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear member 144.
The planetary gear arrangement 118 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 150, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158 and 159. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 150, 152, 154, 156 and 157 are rotating-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 158 and 159 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 136, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 146. The sun gear member 122 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 144 through the interconnecting member 170. The interconnecting member 170 may comprise a single interconnecting device or two interconnecting devices. The ring gear member 124 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 136 through the interconnecting member 172. The ring gear member 134 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 142 through the interconnecting member 174.
The planet carrier assembly member 126 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 124 through the clutch 150. The planet carrier assembly member 146 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 144 through the clutch 152. The planet carrier assembly member 126 is selectively connectable with the with the sun gear member 132 through the clutch 154. The planet carrier assembly member 126 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 134 through the clutch 156. The planet carrier assembly member 126 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 146 through the clutch 157. The ring gear member 144 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 160 through the brake 158. The sun gear member 132 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 160 through the brake 159.
The truth table of FIG. 2b describes the engagement sequence utilized to provide nine forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio in the planetary gear arrangement 118 shown in FIG. 2a. 
The reverse speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 154 and the brake 159. The clutch 154 connects the planet carrier assembly member 126 with the sun gear member 132, and the brake 159 connects the sun gear member 132 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 144 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 122. The speed of the ring gear member 124 is determined from the speed of the sun gear member 122 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120. The sun gear member 142 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 134. The sun gear member 132 and the planet carrier assembly member 126 do not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 134 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The planet carrier assembly member 146 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the ring gear member 144, the speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the reverse speed ratio is determined from the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 120, 130, 140.
The first forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 156 and the brake 158. The clutch 156 connects the planet carrier assembly member 126 and the ring gear member 134, and the brake 158 connects the ring gear member 144 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly member 126 and the ring gear member 134 rotate at the same speed as the sun gear member 142. The ring gear member 144 and the sun gear member 122 do not rotate. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 126 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 124 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120. The planet carrier assembly member 146 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at the speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the first speed ratio is determined from the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 120 and 140.
The second forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 154 and the brake 158. The clutch 154 connects the planet carrier assembly member 126 and the sun gear member 132, and the brake 158 connects the ring gear member 144 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier assembly member 126 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 132. The speed of the planet carrier assembly member 126 is determined from the speed of the ring gear member 124 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120. The ring gear member 134 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 142. The speed of the ring gear member 134 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136, the speed of the sun gear member 132 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The planet carrier assembly member 146 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 144 and the sun gear member 122 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at the speed determined from speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the second speed ratio is determined from the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 120, 130 and 140.
The third forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the brake 158 and the brake 159. The brake 158 connects the ring gear member 144 with the transmission housing 160, and the brake 159 connects the sun gear member 132 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 142 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 134. The speed of the ring gear member 134 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The planet carrier assembly member 146 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The sun gear member 122, the ring gear member 144 and the sun gear member 132 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the third speed ratio is determined from the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 130 and 140.
The fourth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 157 and the brake 158. The clutch 157 connects the planet carrier assembly member 126 with the planet carrier assembly member 146, and the brake 158 connects the ring gear member 144 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 144 and the sun gear 122 do not rotate. The planet carrier assembly member 126 and the planet carrier assembly member 146 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The planet carrier assembly member 126, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the ring gear member 124 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120. The ring gear member 134 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 142. The numerical value of the fourth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120.
The fifth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 157 and the brake 159. The clutch 157 connects the planet carrier assembly member 126 with the planet carrier assembly member 146, and the brake 159 connects the sun gear member 132 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 144 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 122. The planet carrier assembly member 126 and the planet carrier assembly member 146 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The ring gear member 124 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 126, the speed of the sun gear member 122 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120. The sun gear member 132 does not rotate. The sun gear member 142 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 134. The ring gear member 134 rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the ring gear member 144, the speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the fifth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 120, 130 and 140.
The sixth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 150 and the clutch 157. In this configuration, the input shaft 17 is directly connected to the output shaft 19. The numerical value of the sixth forward speed ratio is 1.
The seventh forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 150 and the brake 159. The clutch 150 connects the ring gear member 124 with the planet carrier assembly member 126, and the brake 159 connects the sun gear member 132 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136, planetary gear set 120 and the ring gear member 144 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The sun gear member 142 rotates at the same speed as the ring gear member 134. The sun gear member 132 does not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 134 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The planet carrier assembly member 146 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the ring gear member 144, the speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the seventh forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 130 and 140.
The eighth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 152 and the brake 159. The clutch 152 connects the ring gear member 144 with the planet carrier assembly member 146, and the brake 159 connects the sun gear member 132 with the transmission housing 160. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The ring gear member 134 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 142. The sun gear member 122, the planetary gear set 140 and the ring gear member 134 rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The sun gear member 132 does not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 134, and therefore the speed of the output shaft 19, is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The numerical value of the eighth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130.
The ninth forward speed ratio is established with the engagement of the clutch 156 and the brake 159. The clutch 156 connects the planet carrier assembly member 126 with the ring gear member 134, and the brake 159 connects the sun gear member 132 with the transmission housing 160. The ring gear member 134 and the sun gear member 142 rotate at the same speed as the planet carrier assembly member 126. The ring gear member 144 rotates at the same speed as the sun gear member 122. The planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear member 124 rotate at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The speed of the ring gear member 124 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 126, the speed of the sun gear member 122 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120. The sun gear member 132 does not rotate. The speed of the ring gear member 134 is determined from the speed of the planet carrier assembly member 136 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130. The planet carrier assembly member 146 rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 19. The planet carrier assembly member 146, and therefore the output shaft 19, rotates at a speed determined from the speed of the ring gear member 144, the speed of the sun gear member 142 and the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. The numerical value of the ninth forward speed ratio is determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios of the planetary gear sets 120, 130 and 140.
As set forth above, the truth table of FIG. 2b describes the engagement sequence of the torque-transmitting mechanisms utilized to provide a reverse drive ratio and nine forward speed ratios. The truth table also provides an example of the ratios that can be attained with the family members shown in FIG. 2a utilizing the sample tooth ratios given in FIG. 2b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 120; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 130; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 140. Also shown in FIG. 2b are the ratio steps between single step ratios in the forward direction as well as the reverse to first ratio step ratio. For example, the first to second step ratio is 1.89. It should also be noted that the single step forward ratio interchanges are of the single transition variety.
Turning to FIG. 3a, a powertrain 210 includes the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 214, and a final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 214 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary gear arrangement 218, and an output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 218 includes three planetary gear sets 220, 230 and 240.
The planetary gear set 220 includes a sun gear member 222, a ring gear member 224, and a planet carrier assembly 226. The planet carrier assembly 226 includes a plurality of pinion gears 227 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 229 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 222 and the ring gear member 224.
The planetary gear set 230 includes a sun gear member 232, a ring gear member 234, and a planet carrier assembly member 236. The planet carrier assembly member 236 includes a plurality of pinion gears 237 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 239 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 232 and the ring gear member 234.
The planetary gear set 240 includes a sun gear member 242, a ring gear member 244, and a planet carrier assembly member 246. The planet carrier assembly member 246 includes a plurality of pinion gears 247 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 249 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 242 and the ring gear member 244.
The planetary gear arrangement 218 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 250, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258 and 259. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 250, 252, 254, 256 and 257 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 258 and 259 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 226, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 236. The sun gear member 222 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 242 through the interconnecting member 270. The ring gear member 224 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 232 through the interconnecting member 272. The planet carrier assembly member 236 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 244 through the interconnecting member 274.
The sun gear member 232 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 246 through the clutch 250. The planet carrier assembly member 226 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 222 through the clutch 252. The planet carrier assembly member 226 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 246 through the clutch 254. The planet carrier assembly member 236 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 234 through the clutch 256. The ring gear member 234 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 246 through the clutch 257. The sun gear member 242 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 260 through the brake 258. The ring gear member 234 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 260 through the brake 259.
As shown in the truth table in FIG. 3b, the torque-transmitting mechanisms are engaged in combinations of two to establish nine forward speed ratios and one reverse ratio.
The truth tables given in FIGS. 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b and 10b show the engagement sequences for the torque-transmitting mechanisms to provide at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse ratio. As shown and described above for the configuration in FIGS. 1a and 2a, those skilled in the art will understand from the respective truth tables how the speed ratios are established through the planetary gear sets identified in the written description.
As previously set forth, the truth table of FIG. 3b describes the combinations of engagements utilized for the nine forward speed ratios and one reverse ratio. The truth table also provides an example of speed ratios that are available with the family member described above. These examples of speed ratios are determined utilizing the tooth ratios given in FIG. 3b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 220; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 230; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 240. Also depicted in FIG. 3b is a chart representing the ratio steps between adjacent forward speed ratios and the reverse speed ratio. For example, the first to second ratio interchange has a step of 1.78. It should be noted that the torque-transmitting mechanism 259 remains engaged through the neutral condition, thus simplifying the forward/reverse interchange.
A powertrain 310, shown in FIG. 4a, includes the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 314, and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 314 includes an input shaft 17 continuously connected with the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary gear arrangement 318, and output shaft 19 continuously connected with the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary gear arrangement 318 includes three planetary gear sets 320, 330 and 340.
The planetary gear set 320 includes a sun gear member 322, a ring gear member 324, and a planet carrier assembly member 326. The planet carrier assembly member 326 includes a plurality of pinion gears 327 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 329 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 322 and the ring gear member 324.
The planetary gear set 330 includes a sun gear member 332, a ring gear member 334, and a planet carrier assembly member 336. The planet carrier assembly member 336 includes a plurality of pinion gears 337 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 339 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 332 and the ring gear member 334.
The planetary gear set 340 includes a sun gear member 342, a ring gear member 344, and a planet carrier assembly member 346. The planet carrier assembly member 346 includes a plurality of pinion gears 347 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 349 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 342 and the ring gear member 344.
The planetary gear arrangement 318 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 350, 352, 354, 356, 357, 358 and 359. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 350, 352, 354, 356 and 357 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 358 and 359 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 324, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 344. The planet carrier assembly member 326 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 346 through the interconnecting member 370. The sun gear member 322 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 334 through the interconnecting member 372. The planet carrier assembly member 336 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 342 through the interconnecting member 374.
The planet carrier assembly member 326 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 324 through the clutch 350. The planet carrier assembly member 326 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 336 through the clutch 352. The ring gear member 324 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 332 through the clutch 354. The ring gear member 324 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 336 through the clutch 356. The sun gear member 332 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 336 through the clutch 357. The planet carrier assembly member 346 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 360 through the brake 358. The sun gear member 332 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 360 through the brake 359.
The truth table shown in FIG. 4b describes the engagement combination and the engagement sequence necessary to provide one reverse drive ratio and eight forward speed ratios. A sample of the numerical values for the ratios is also provided in the truth table of FIG. 4b. These values are determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios also given in FIG. 4b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio for the planetary gear set 320; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio for the planetary gear set 330; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio for the planetary gear set 340. Also given in FIG. 4b is a chart describing the step ratios between the adjacent forward speed ratios and the reverse to first forward speed ratio. For example, the first to second forward speed ratio step is 1.42. It can be readily determined from the truth table of FIG. 4b that each of the forward single step ratio interchanges is a single transition shift. Additionally, the torque-transmitting mechanism 358 remains engaged through the neutral condition, thus simplifying the forward/reverse interchange.
A powertrain 410, shown in FIG. 5a, includes the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 414 and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 414 includes a planetary gear arrangement 418, input shaft 17 and output shaft 19. The planetary gear arrangement 418 includes three simple planetary gear sets 420, 430 and 440.
The planetary gear set 420 includes a sun gear member 422, a ring gear member 424, and a planet carrier assembly 426. The planet carrier assembly 426 includes a plurality of pinion gears 427 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 429 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 422 and the ring gear member 424.
The planetary gear set 430 includes a sun gear member 432, a ring gear member 434, and a planet carrier assembly member 436. The planet carrier assembly member 436 includes a plurality of pinion gears 437 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 439 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 432 and the ring gear member 434.
The planetary gear set 440 includes a sun gear member 442, a ring gear member 444, and a planet carrier assembly member 446. The planet carrier assembly member 446 includes a plurality of pinion gears 447 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 449 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 442 and the ring gear member 444.
The planetary gear arrangement 418 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 450, 452, 454, 456, 457, 458 and 459. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 450, 452, 454, 456 and 457 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 458 and 459 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 424, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 444. The planet carrier assembly member 426 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 446 through the interconnecting member 470. The sun gear member 422 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 434 through the interconnecting member 472. The planet carrier assembly member 436 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 442 through the interconnecting member 474.
The sun gear member 442 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 446 through the clutch 450. The ring gear member 424 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 426 through the clutch 452. The ring gear member 424 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 436 through the clutch 454. The sun gear member 422 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 442 through the clutch 456. The ring gear member 424 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 432 through the clutch 457. The planet carrier assembly member 446 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 460 through the brake 458. The sun gear member 432 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 460 through the brake 459.
The truth table shown in FIG. 5b describes the engagement combination and sequence of the torque-transmitting mechanisms 450, 452, 454, 456, 457, 458 and 459 that are employed to provide the reverse drive ratio and the eight forward speed ratios. It should be noted that the torque-transmitting mechanism 458 remains engaged through the neutral condition to simplify the forward/reverse interchange.
Also given in the truth table of FIG. 5b is a set of numerical values that are attainable with the present invention utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios shown. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 420; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 430; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 440. As can also be determined from the truth table of FIG. 5b, the single step forward interchanges are of the single transition variety.
FIG. 5b also provides a chart of the ratio steps between adjacent forward ratios and between the reverse ratio and first forward ratio. For example, the ratio step between the first and second forward ratios is 1.42.
A powertrain 510, shown in FIG. 6a, includes an engine and torque converter 12, a planetary gear transmission 514 and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 514 includes the input shaft 17, a planetary gear arrangement 518 and the output shaft 19. The planetary gear arrangement 518 includes three planetary gear sets 520, 530 and 540.
The planetary gear set 520 includes a sun gear member 522, a ring gear member 524, and a planet carrier assembly 526. The planet carrier assembly 526 includes a plurality of pinion gears 527 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 529 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 522 and the ring gear member 524.
The planetary gear set 530 includes a sun gear member 532, a ring gear member 534, and a planet carrier assembly member 536. The planet carrier assembly member 536 includes a plurality of pinion gears 537 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 539 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 532 and the ring gear member 534.
The planetary gear set 540 includes a sun gear member 542, a ring gear member 544, and a planet carrier assembly member 546. The planet carrier assembly member 546 includes a plurality of pinion gears 547 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 549 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 542 and the ring gear member 544.
The planetary gear arrangement 518 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 550, 552, 554, 556, 557, 558 and 559. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 550, 552, 554, 556 and 557 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 558 and 559 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 546, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 526. The ring gear member 534 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 526 through the interconnecting member 570. The sun gear member 542 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 532 through the interconnecting member 572. The ring gear member 544 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 522 through the interconnecting member 574.
The sun gear member 522 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 526 through the clutch 550. The sun gear member 542 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 546 through the clutch 552. The sun gear member 522 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 536 through the clutch 554. The ring gear member 524 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 536 through the clutch 556. The planet carrier assembly member 536 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 546 through the clutch 557. The ring gear member 524 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 560 through the brake 558. The sun gear member 532 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 560 through the brake 559.
The truth table shown in FIG. 6b describes the engagement sequence and combination of the torque-transmitting mechanisms to provide the reverse speed ratio and eight forward speed ratios. It should be noted that the torque-transmitting mechanism 558 can remain engaged through the neutral condition, thereby simplifying the forward/reverse interchange. The chart of FIG. 6b describes the ratio steps between adjacent forward speed ratios and the ratio step between the reverse and first forward speed ratio.
The sample speed ratios given in the truth table are determined utilizing the tooth ratio values also given in FIG. 6b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 520; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 530; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 540.
A powertrain 610, shown in FIG. 7a, has the engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 614 and the final drive mechanism 16. The planetary transmission 614 includes the input shaft 17, a planetary gear arrangement 618 and the output shaft 19. The planetary gear arrangement 618 includes three planetary gear sets 620, 630 and 640.
The planetary gear set 620 includes a sun gear member 622, a ring gear member 624, and a planet carrier assembly 626. The planet carrier assembly 626 includes a plurality of pinion gears 627 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 629 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 622 and the ring gear member 624.
The planetary gear set 630 includes a sun gear member 632, a ring gear member 634, and a planet carrier assembly member 636. The planet carrier assembly member 636 includes a plurality of pinion gears 637 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 639 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 632 and the ring gear member 634.
The planetary gear set 640 includes a sun gear member 642, a ring gear member 644, and a planet carrier assembly member 646. The planet carrier assembly member 646 includes a plurality of pinion gears 647 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 649 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 642 and the ring gear member 644.
The planetary gear arrangement 618 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 650, 652, 654, 656, 657, 658 and 659. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 650, 652, 654, 656 and 657 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 658 and 659 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 626, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 646. The ring gear member 624 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 636 through the interconnecting member 670. The sun gear member 622 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 642 through the interconnecting member 672. The ring gear member 634 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 644 through the interconnecting member 674.
The sun gear member 632 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 636 through the clutch 650. The sun gear member 622 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 632 through the clutch 652. The sun gear member 642 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 646 through the clutch 654. The planet carrier assembly member 626 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 632 through the clutch 656. The sun gear member 632 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 646 through the clutch 657. The ring gear member 624 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 660 through the brake 658. The sun gear member 622 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 660 through the brake 659.
The truth table shown in FIG. 7b describes the combination of torque-transmitting mechanism engagements that will provide the reverse drive ratio and nine forward speed ratios, as well as the sequence of these engagements and interchanges. The torque-transmitting mechanism 658 can be engaged through the neutral condition, thereby simplifying the forward/reverse interchange.
The ratio values given are by way of example and are established utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios given in FIG. 7b. For example, the NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 620; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 630; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 640. The ratio steps between adjacent forward ratios and the reverse to first ratio are also given in FIG. 7b. 
A powertrain 710, shown in FIG. 8a, has the conventional engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 714, and the conventional final drive mechanism 16. The engine and torque converter 12 are drivingly connected with the planetary transmission 714 through the input shaft 17. The planetary transmission 714 is drivingly connected with the final drive mechanism 16 through the output shaft 19. The planetary transmission 714 includes a planetary gear arrangement 718 that has a first planetary gear set 720, a second planetary gear set 730, and a third planetary gear set 740.
The planetary gear set 720 includes a sun gear member 722, a ring gear member 724, and a planet carrier assembly 726. The planet carrier assembly 726 includes a plurality of pinion gears 727 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 729 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 722 and the ring gear member 724.
The planetary gear set 730 includes a sun gear member 732, a ring gear member 734, and a planet carrier assembly member 736. The planet carrier assembly member 736 includes a plurality of pinion gears 737 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 739 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 732 and the ring gear member 734.
The planetary gear set 740 includes a sun gear member 742, a ring gear member 744, and a planet carrier assembly member 746. The planet carrier assembly member 746 includes a plurality of pinion gears 747 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 749 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 742 and the ring gear member 744.
The planetary gear arrangement 718 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 750, 752, 754, 756, 757, 758 and 759. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 750, 752, 754, 756 and 757 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 758 and 759 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 726, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 746. The planet carrier assembly member 726 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 734 through the interconnecting member 770. The sun gear member 722 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 744 through the interconnecting member 772. The sun gear member 732 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 742 through the interconnecting member 774.
The sun gear member 732 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 736 through the clutch 750. The ring gear member 724 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 742 through the clutch 752. The sun gear member 722 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 732 through the clutch 754. The ring gear member 724 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 736 through the clutch 756. The sun gear member 722 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 736 through the clutch 757. The ring gear member 724 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 760 through the brake 758. The sun gear member 722 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 760 through the brake 759.
The truth table of FIG. 8b defines the torque-transmitting mechanism engagement sequence utilized for each of the forward speed ratios and the reverse speed ratio. Also given in the truth table is a set of numerical values that are attainable with the present invention utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios given in FIG. 8b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 720; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 730; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 740. It should be noted that the single step forward ratio interchanges are of the single transition variety. Additionally, the torque-transmitting mechanism 759 remains engaged through the neutral condition to simplify the forward/reverse interchange
FIG. 8b also provides a chart of the ratio steps between adjacent forward ratios and between the reverse and first forward ratio. For example, the ratio step between the first and second forward ratios is 1.66.
A powertrain 810, shown in FIG. 9a, has the conventional engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 814, and the final drive mechanism 16. The engine and torque converter 12 are drivingly connected with the planetary transmission 814 through the input shaft 17. The planetary transmission 814 is drivingly connected with the final drive mechanism 16 through the output shaft 19. The planetary transmission 814 includes a planetary gear arrangement 818 that has a first planetary gear set 820, a second planetary gear set 830, and a third planetary gear set 840.
The planetary gear set 820 includes a sun gear member 822, a ring gear member 824, and a planet carrier assembly 826. The planet carrier assembly 826 includes a plurality of pinion gears 827 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 829 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 822 and the ring gear member 824.
The planetary gear set 830 includes a sun gear member 832, a ring gear member 834, and a planet carrier assembly member 836. The planet carrier assembly member 836 includes a plurality of pinion gears 837 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 839 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 832 and the ring gear member 834.
The planetary gear set 840 includes a sun gear member 842, a ring gear member 844, and a planet carrier assembly member 846. The planet carrier assembly member 846 includes a plurality of pinion gears 847 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 849 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 842 and the ring gear member 844.
The planetary gear arrangement 818 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 850, 852, 854, 856, 857, 858 and 859. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 850, 852, 854, 856 and 857 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 858 and 859 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 824, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 844. The planet carrier assembly member 826 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 846 through the interconnecting member 870. The sun gear member 822 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 832 through the interconnecting member 872. The ring gear member 834 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 844 through the interconnecting member 874.
The sun gear member 822 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 826 through the clutch 850. The planet carrier assembly member 836 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 846 through the clutch 852. The ring gear member 824 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 836 through the clutch 854. The ring gear member 824 is selectively connectable with the sun gear member 842 through the clutch 856. The sun gear member 832 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 836 through the clutch 857. The planet carrier assembly member 836 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 860 through the brake 858. The sun gear member 842 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 860 through the brake 859.
The truth table shown in FIG. 9b defines the torque-transmitting mechanism engagement sequence that provides the reverse speed ratio and eight forward speed ratios shown in the truth table and available with the planetary gear arrangement 818. A sample of numerical values for the individual ratios is also given in the truth table of FIG. 9b. These numerical values have been calculated using the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios also given by way of example in FIG. 9b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 820; the NR2/NS value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 830; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 840. It can be readily recognized from the truth table that all of the single step forward interchanges are single transition ratio interchanges. Additionally, the torque-transmitting mechanism remains engaged through the neutral condition, thus simplifying the forward/reverse interchange. FIG. 9b also describes the ratio steps between adjacent forward ratios and between the reverse and first forward ratio.
The powertrain 910, shown in FIG. 10a, includes the conventional engine and torque converter 12, a planetary transmission 914, and the conventional final drive mechanism 16. The engine and torque converter 12 are drivingly connected with the planetary transmission 914 through the input shaft 17. The planetary transmission 914 is drivingly connected with the final drive mechanism 16 through the output shaft 19. The planetary transmission 914 includes a planetary gear arrangement 918 that has a first planetary gear set 920, a second planetary gear set 930, and a third planetary gear set 940.
The planetary gear set 920 includes a sun gear member 922, a ring gear member 924, and a planet carrier assembly 926. The planet carrier assembly 926 includes a plurality of pinion gears 927 that are rotatably mounted on a carrier member 929 and disposed in meshing relationship with the sun gear member 922 and the ring gear member 924, respectively.
The planetary gear set 930 includes a sun gear member 932, a ring gear member 934, and a planet carrier assembly member 936. The planet carrier assembly member 936 includes a plurality of pinion gears 937 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 939 and disposed in meshing relationship with the sun gear member 932. Pinion gears 938 are disposed in meshing relationship with both the ring gear member 934 and the pinion gears 937.
The planetary gear set 940 includes a sun gear member 942, a ring gear member 944, and a planet carrier assembly member 946. The planet carrier assembly member 946 includes a plurality of pinion gears 947 rotatably mounted on a carrier member 949 and disposed in meshing relationship with both the sun gear member 942 and the ring gear member 944.
The planetary gear arrangement 918 also includes seven torque-transmitting mechanisms 950, 952, 954, 956, 957, 958 and 959. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 950, 952, 954, 956 and 957 are rotating type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed clutches. The torque-transmitting mechanisms 958 and 959 are stationary-type torque-transmitting mechanisms, commonly termed brakes or reaction clutches.
The input shaft 17 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 926, and the output shaft 19 is continuously connected with the planet carrier assembly member 946. The planet carrier assembly member 926 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 932 through the interconnecting member 970. The planet carrier assembly member 936 is continuously connected with the sun gear member 942 through the interconnecting member 972. The sun gear member 922 is continuously connected with the ring gear member 944 through the interconnecting member 974.
The planet carrier assembly member 926 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 936 through the clutch 950. The ring gear member 924 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 936 through the clutch 952. The sun gear member 942 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 946 through the clutch 954. The sun gear member 922 is selectively connectable with the ring gear member 934 through the clutch 956. The ring gear member 934 is selectively connectable with the planet carrier assembly member 946 through the clutch 957. The ring gear member 924 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 960 through the brake 958. The sun gear member 922 is selectively connectable with the transmission housing 960 through the brake 959.
The truth table of FIG. 10b describes the torque-transmitting mechanism engagement sequence utilized to provide two reverse speed ratios and eight forward speed ratios. The truth table also provides a set of examples for the ratios for each of the reverse and forward speed ratios. These numerical values have been determined utilizing the ring gear/sun gear tooth ratios given in FIG. 10b. The NR1/NS1 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 920; the NR2/NS2 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 930; and the NR3/NS3 value is the tooth ratio of the planetary gear set 940. It should be noted that the single step forward ratio interchanges are of the single transition variety. Additionally, the torque-transmitting mechanism 959 remains engaged through the neutral condition, thus simplifying the forward/reverse interchange.
While the best modes for carrying out the invention have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A multi-speed transmission comprising:
an input shaft;
an output shaft;
first, second and third planetary gear sets each having first, second and third members;
said input shaft being continuously interconnected with a member of said planetary gear sets, and said output shaft being continuously interconnected with another member of said planetary gear sets;
a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting said first member of said first planetary gear set with said first member of said second planetary gear set;
a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting said second member of said first planetary gear set with said first member of said third planetary gear set;
a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting said second member of said second planetary gear set with said second member of said third planetary gear set;
a first torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said first or second planetary gear set with a stationary member;
a second torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said second or third planetary gear set with said stationary member;
a third torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said first planetary gear set with a member of said second or third planetary gear set;
a fourth torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said second planetary gear set with a member of said first or third planetary gear set;
a fifth torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said third planetary gear set with a member of said first or second planetary gear set;
a sixth torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said first or second planetary gear set with another member of said first, second or third planetary gear set;
a seventh torque-transmitting mechanism selectively interconnecting a member of said second or third planetary gear set with another member of said first, second or third planetary gear set;
said torque-transmitting mechanisms being engaged in combinations of two to establish at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between said input shaft and said output shaft.

2. The transmission defined in claim 1, wherein said third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh torque-transmitting mechanisms comprise clutches, and said first and second torque-transmitting mechanisms comprise brakes.

3. The transmission defined in claim 1, wherein planet carrier assembly members of each of said planetary gear sets are single-pinion carriers.

4. The transmission defined in claim 1, wherein at least one planet carrier assembly member of said planetary gear sets is a double-pinion carrier.

5. A multi-speed transmission comprising:
an input shaft;
an output shaft;
a planetary gear arrangement having first, second and third planetary gear sets, each planetary gear set having first, second and third members;
said input shaft being continuously interconnected with a member of said planetary gear sets, and said output shaft being continuously interconnected with another member of said planetary gear sets;
a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting said first member of said first planetary gear set with said first member of said second planetary gear set;
a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting said second member of said first planetary gear set with said first member of said third planetary gear set;
a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting said second member of said second planetary gear set with said second member of said third planetary gear set; and
seven torque-transmitting mechanisms for selectively interconnecting said members of said planetary gear sets with a stationary member or with other members of said planetary gear sets, said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms being engaged in combinations of two to establish at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between said input shaft and said output shaft.

6. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a first of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms is operable for selectively interconnecting a member of said first or second planetary gear set with a stationary member.

7. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a second of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms is operable for selectively interconnecting a member of said second or third planetary gear set with a stationary member.

8. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a third of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms is selectively operable for interconnecting a member of said first planetary gear set with a member of said second or third planetary gear set.

9. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a fourth of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms is selectively operable for interconnecting a member of said second planetary gear set with a member of said first or third planetary gear set.

10. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a fifth of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms is selectively operable for interconnecting a member of said third planetary gear set with a member of said first or second planetary gear set.

11. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a sixth of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms selectively interconnects a member of said first or second planetary gear set with another member of said first, second or third planetary gear set.

12. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein a seventh of said seven torque-transmitting mechanisms selectively interconnects a member of said second or third planetary gear set with another member of said first, second or third planetary gear set.

13. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein planet carrier assembly members of each of said planetary gear sets are single-pinion carriers.

14. The transmission defined in claim 5, wherein at least one planet carrier assembly member of said planetary gear sets is a double-pinion carrier.