IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 17-1020

Filed March 7, 2018

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

KOREY LINN CHRISTIAN,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Bradley J.

Harris, Judge.

Korey Christian appeals his guilty plea to possession of 

methamphetamine with intent to deliver, second offense, and the sentence 

imposed. AFFIRMED. 

Shawn C. McCullough of The Law Office of Jeffrey L. Powell, PLC, 

Washington, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kelli A. Huser, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee.

Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Potterfield and Mullins, JJ.
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MULLINS, Judge.

Christian was charged with second-offense possession of 

methamphetamine with intent to deliver and driving while barred. At a 

subsequent hearing, defense counsel advised the court a plea agreement had 

been reached under which Christian would plead guilty to the possession charge,

receive a ten-year suspended term of imprisonment, and be placed on probation 

for two to five years in return for the State’s dismissal of count two and additional 

charges in two other cases. During the ensuing plea colloquy, Christian advised 

the court he had enough time to discuss his decision to plead guilty with his 

attorney and he was satisfied with his legal representation. Christian pled guilty 

to the possession charge, waived his right to file a motion in arrest of judgment, 

and requested immediate sentencing. The district court sentenced Christian in 

accordance with the plea agreement.

Christian challenges his guilty plea on appeal. Having waived his right to 

file a motion in arrest of judgment, he has failed to preserved error. See Iowa R. 

Crim. P. 2.24(3)(a) (“A defendant’s failure to challenge the adequacy of a guilty 

plea proceeding by motion in arrest of judgment shall preclude the defendant’s 

right to assert such challenge on appeal.”). However, he raises his argument on 

appeal under an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel framework, claims of which 

are not subject to our traditional error-preservation rules. State v. Fountain, 786 

N.W.2d 260, 262–63 (Iowa 2010); see State v. Brooks, 555 N.W.2d 446, 448 

(Iowa 1996). 

In his brief on appeal, Christian summarizes his ineffective-assistance-ofcounsel claim as follows:
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Prior to his plea and sentencing, Christian had received an initial 

offer to plea to a five (5) year suspended sentence. Mr. Christian 

made it clear to his attorney that he wanted to accept this offer. 

The offer was subsequently withdrawn and Christian agreed to 

accept the new plea offer of a suspended ten (10) year sentence. 

At no point in the plea or sentencing proceedings did Christian’s 

new attorney inform the court of the prior plea offer or that it had 

been withdrawn without adequate reason or cause.

Christian acknowledges he has an inadequate record to support his 

claims. Iowa Rule of Appellate Procedure 6.801 provides:

Only the original documents and exhibits filed in the district court 

case from which the appeal is taken, the transcript of proceedings, 

if any, and a certified copy of the related docket and court calendar

entries prepared by the clerk of the district court constitute the 

record on appeal.

Our review of this matter is limited to the foregoing materials, and any other 

extraneous matters are to be disregarded. See In re Marriage of Keith, 513 

N.W.2d 769, 771 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994). 

Lacking in the record is any evidence that Christian received any plea 

offer other than the one he ultimately pled guilty in accordance with. We decline 

to simply accept Christian’s unsupported version of the events as stated in his 

appellate brief, as it is not a sufficient substitute for a trial record. Cf. Smith v. 

Iowa Bd. of Med. Exam’rs, 729 N.W.2d 822, 827 (Iowa 2007) (“The district 

court’s recitation of these matters in its ruling is not a substitute for the required 

appellate record.”). It was Christian’s responsibility as the appellant to make and 

provide this court with a sufficient record to decide this appeal, which he has 

failed to do. Id. at 827. We “may not speculate as to what took place or

predicate error on such speculation.” In re F.W.S., 698 N.W.2d 134, 135 (Iowa 

2005). 
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Absent a record to support Christian’s version of the facts underlying his 

ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, we affirm his conviction and sentence. 

See, e.g., Estes v. Progressive Classic Ins. Co., 809 N.W.2d 111, 115–16 (Iowa 

2012) (“Failure to provide a record requires us to affirm the district court’s 

judgment.”); Smith, 729 N.W.2d at 828 (“[W]e will not reach the merits of the . . . 

appeal because it failed to provide us with a sufficient record . . . .”); In re 

Marriage of Ricklefs, 726 N.W.2d 359, 362 (Iowa 2007) (“[T]he lack of record . . . 

precludes us and should have precluded the court of appeals from deciding the 

issue.”); F.W.S., 698 N.W.2d at 134 (“[W]e must affirm . . . because F.W.S. has 

failed to present a proper record on appeal.”). Because the record is inadequate 

on appeal to resolve Christian’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, we 

preserve that claim for postconviction-relief proceedings. See State v. Johnson, 

784 N.W.2d 192, 196–98 (Iowa 2010). 

AFFIRMED.