#### Morris L. Shillak, Adm’r, App’lt, *v.*Alfred T. White, Resp’t.

*(City Court of Brooklyn, General Term,*

*Filed May 25, 1891.)*

1. Negligence—Landlobd and tenant.

It is not the duty of the landlord of a tenement house to provide guard rails to the windows sufficient to sustain the weight of an adult person or to see that they continue to be strong enough to do so.

2. Same.

Plaintiff’s intestate was employed by a tenant of defendant to put in a pane of glass. In doing so he sat in the window with his feet inside and his back to two guard rails, which were fastened by screws to the sides of the window. A few minutes later he was seen lying in the yard dead with the rails and some of the screws beside him. *Held,*that the evidence was not sufficient to show negligence on the part of defendant or the freedom from negligence of the deceased.

Appeal from judgment entered upon a dismissal of the complaint at the close of plaintiff’s case.

*Chas. E. Burke,*for app’lt; *Moore & Wallace,*for resp’t.

Osborne, J.

Defendant was the owner of a large tenement house known as the Tower Building, situate at the corner of Baltic and Hicks streets in this city. One Vandervoort was a tenant of certain apartments in said building on the first floor up from the_ street. On November 6, 1890, Mrs. Vandervoort employed plaintiff s intestate, a glazier, to put in a pane of glass in the upper sash of one of the kitchen windows; deceased had been similarly employed before by her. Outside of the window in question were 4wo iron bars or guard rails about five-eighths of an inch in diameter, each of which was fastened at the ends by two iron screws *484to the sides or hanging stiles of the window. Deceased was seen at work by one of the witnesses, sitting on the ledge of the window with his feet inside and his back to the bars; the next seen of him was about ten minutes after, when he was lying in the yard below, dead; both of the iron bars, with some of the screws "that held them in place, fell to the ground with deceased; the-space from the bars to the inside of the window sill was eighteen inches. This action was brought to recover damages on the ground that the death of plaintiff’s intestate was due to negligence-of defendant in consequence of the alleged carelessness and unsafe-condition of said guard rails, and that they constituted a nuisance.

On the trial plaintiff’s complaint was dismissed on the ground that there was no evidence of negligence on the part of the defendant, and that he owed no duty to the deceased, and plaintiff now appeals.

We think that this action was correctly disposed of by the learned trial judge. There is no evidence showing or from which it can be fairly inferred that deceased was himself free from negligence or without fault; whether he lost his balance while at., work, and with his whole weight coming suddenly against the guard rails they proved insufficient to stand the sudden strain thus imposed upon them, or whether he deliberately leaned his, body against the guard rails and so forced them out and then fell,, we are left entirely to conjecture. The learned counsel for the appellant takes the ground that it was the duty of the landlord to provide guard rails that.would sustain the weight of the deceased in leaning against them, or that, haying provided rails, the landlord was bound to see that they were in the first instance, and continued to be, strong enough to sustain the weight of an adult leaning on or against them. We do not think any such duty was imposed on the landlord of a tenement house. These rails are ordinarily attached to windows for the protection of small children, to prevent them from falling out, and the most that can be expected is that they should be reasonably fit for that purpose.. It appeared in evidence that the position of the deceased was one usually adopted in putting in glass; every day observation shows that the same position is adopted by bouse servants in cleaning windows, yet it has never been held, to our knowledge, that guard rails were a necessary accompaniment to insure the safety of persons so employed. It also appeared in evidence that it would take a pressure of about forty pounds to force out the screws bolding these rails in place. It seems to us that long before that, amount of pressure could have been applied by deceased, he should have felt the pressure of the rails on his back and been warned thereby that he was leaning out too far.

There is nothing in the case going to show that defendant knew, or should have had reason to suppose that these rails would be used as deceased would appear to have used them ; we certainly can not assume that they were put on the window as a back rest for glaziers or other persons having occasion to sit on the window sill; the space of eighteen inches between the rail and the inside of the-*485window sill would seem to have afforded ample room for deceased to do his work without relying on the rails for a support.

We think that the decision in *Edwards v. N. Y & H. R. R. Co.,*98 N. Y., 245, is authority sustaining the ruling dismissing the complaint.

For the reasons stated, the judgment dismissing the complaint should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Wyck, J., concurs