# Patent

## Title
Bird feeder having lower movable shroud

## Abstract

A squirrel proof bird feeder wherein there is provided a lower movable shroud which extends about a lower portion of the feed container having feed access openings therein, a spring member biasing the shroud to a position wherein feed container access openings and shroud access openings are substantially aligned while permitting the shroud access opening to move out of alignment with the feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on the shroud. An adjustment is provided for adjusting the weight required to move the shroud.

## Background
The present application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/056,259 filed Jan. 11, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,543,384.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to bird feeders, and more particularly relates to improvements therein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Selective bird feeders are well known in the art and are designed to limit the maximum size of a bird or animal which can access the seed in the feeder. The reasons for excluding certain birds may be many. Thus, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,241,525, there is provided a selective bird feeder which is specific to cardinals. As taught by this patent, a favorite seed of cardinals is the sunflower seed; this seed is also popular with both smaller and larger birds.
Some larger birds will also access the seed and many such birds including crows, grackles, blue jays and the like are considered by some people to be undesirable.
A further problem associated with bird feeders is marauders which gain access to the seeds. In particular, squirrels are well known for their ability to reach the seed in a bird feeder and to devour the same. Many approaches have been tried to discourage or prevent squirrels from reaching the bird feeder, including various types of covers and baffles on poles. These seldom work as the squirrels have shown great ingenuity in overcoming such devices.
Some of the attempted solutions to the problem are disclosed in the prior art such as exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,686 to Furlani which teaches a movable shroud. U.S. Pat. No. 3,145,690 to Bachman describes a bird feeder in which an inverted cylindrical hopper is suspended over a feeding pan; a bird perch surrounds the pan and is attached to a conical shroud. Both the perch and the shroud are supported by a compression spring whereby heavier birds or mammals on the perch cause the shroud to move downwardly.
Another shroud arrangement is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,126,870 wherein a cylindrical shroud surrounds a hopper and is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis under the bias of a weight.
While all of the above references disclose shroud type arrangements, such devices have not appeared to have received commercial acceptance in the marketplace. It might be surmised that this is due to the fact that some of the arrangements are relatively complicated and/or expensive to produce.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide an adjustably selective bird feeder having a movable shroud to protect and isolate the access openings by which the birds can gain access to the feed in the container from unwanted intruders.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an adjustably selective bird feeder which uses a compressible member such as a spring to cause the shroud to move and protect the access openings when predetermined weight is placed thereon.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a feed container for a bird feeder which is easy to manufacture and uses a minimum of components.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a bird feeder which can be easily disassembled without the use of tools to provide for easy repair and easy access for cleaning.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a bird feeder comprising a feed container having a base and an outer wall extending upwardly therefrom, at least one feed container access opening in the outer wall, a cover member, the cover member being removably connected to an upper portion of the feed container, a shroud extending about at least a portion of the feed container, at least one shroud access opening substantially aligned with the feed container access opening to thereby permit access to the feed container, biasing means biasing the shroud to a position wherein the feed container access opening and shroud access opening are substantially aligned while permitting the shroud access opening to move out of alignment with the feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on the shroud, and wherein the outer wall of the feed container has a tapered configuration adjacent the shroud such that when the shroud moves out of alignment with the feed container, the distance between the shroud and the outer wall increases.
In a greater detail, the bird feeder of the present invention is designed as a multi component device which can be easily assembled and disassembled without the use of tools. Furthermore, the components of the feeder, when disassembled, can be placed in a cleaning device such as a dishwasher to sanitize all the components and thus prevent the spread of disease which is a frequent problem associated with bird feed which remains in the container for a substantial period of time.
The bird feeder of the present invention can be sized to meet the requirements of the industry. Thus, the feed container, which is preferably formed of a transparent plastic material, can be sized to accept the desired amount of bird feed. Preferably, it is made of a material which will resist the attack of marauders such as squirrels and to this end, a plastic material such as Lexan® may be utilized.
The components of the bird feeder which might be subject to attack by the marauders such as squirrels can be made of an appropriate metallic material such as aluminum. Thus, the cover and the shroud would most desirably be made of such a metallic material.
In one aspect of the present invention, there are provided perch members which are adjustable in length. The advantage of such perch members is that the consumer can adjust the perches for a desired bird size. Thus, for example, if one only wishes to have smaller birds such as finches and chickadees at the feeder, the perch's length would be minimized such that larger birds could not gain a foothold.
The adjustment of the perches may be accomplished in different manners. Thus, in one embodiment, the perches may be screw threadedly engaged with a portion of the feeder and the degree to which the perch is screwed to the feeder will control the overall length. Alternatively, in a different embodiment, a telescoping arrangement may be utilized.
In a still further embodiment of the invention, the perches may be utilized to mount a ring such that a wider variety of birds can be attracted. Thus, certain birds prefer feeding while facing the feeder and the provision of such a ring will facilitate the attraction of these types of birds.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided an elongated center tube within the feed container and being connected thereto. A hanger member extends through the cover member and is connected to the elongated center tube.
Preferably, the elongated center tube provides a housing for the biasing means such that they are protected from the elements.
In a preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the feed container has a tapered configuration adjacent the shroud such that when the shroud moves out of alignment with the feed container, a distance between the shroud and outer wall increases. This arrangement provides for a smooth operation of the movable shroud and ensures that binding will not occur because of extraneous material such as bird seeds or the like being present between the shroud and outer wall of the feed container.
In a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shroud protection member which has a first portion extending downwardly to protect an upper edge of the shroud when the shroud moves out of alignment with the feed container, and a second skirt portion extending outwardly. This arrangement is advantageous in that squirrels have been known to attempt to destroy the container to gain access to the feed material therein. Any exposed edge or the like provides a point of attack. The provision of the shroud protection member and the outer skirt helps to prevent such physical destruction of the feeder.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus generally described the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment thereof, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bird feeder according to the present invention;
FIGS. 2 and 2A are side sectional views of the feeder in a retracted and extended position respectively;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the upper portion of the feeder in an extended position;
FIGS. 4 and 4A are cut away views of the bird feeder in a retracted and extended position respectively;
FIG. 5 is an expanded cut away view of the lower portion of the bird feeder in an extended condition;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cut away view of the lower portion of the bird feeder in a retracted condition;
FIG. 7 is a side view of portions of the feed container;
FIG. 7A is a view similar to FIG. 7 with the feed container being rotated through 90°;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the rim cover of the bird feeder;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the inner portion of the lower feed container;
FIG. 10 is a side view of the assembled inner tube and lower feed container;
FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 with the assembly being rotated through 90°;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the outer portion of the lower feed container;
FIGS. 13 and 13A are side elevational views of the inner tube with the tube being rotated through 90°;
FIGS. 14 and 14A are perspective and cross sectional views respectively of the hub portion of the bird feeder according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the cap for the cartridge portion;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the cartridge portion;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the center post cap;
FIGS. 18 and 18A are perspective and side sectional views respectively of the cover;
FIGS. 19 and 19A are side elevational and side sectional views respectively of the shroud;
FIG. 20 is a side elevational view of the skirt portion of the bird feeder;
FIG. 21 is a side view of the center rod;
FIG. 22 is a top view illustrating the views of an outer ring perch retained by the adjustable perches; and
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a ring perch.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings in greater detail and by reference characters thereto, there is illustrated a bird feeder which is generally designated by reference numeral 10.
Bird feeder 10 has several major components as identified in FIGS. 2 and 2A. These components include an upper feed container 12, a lower feed container 14, a shroud 16, a skirt 18, an inner tube 20, a rod 22, a center hub 24 and a cover 26.
Upper feed container 12 comprises a transparent cylindrical tube 30. Lower feed container 14 is formed of two members; an inner portion 32 of lower feed container 14 (which is best seen in FIG. 9) and an outer portion 40 of the lower feed container 14 (best illustrated in FIG. 12).
Referring initially to FIG. 9, inner portion 32 of lower feed container 14 is generally cylindrical in configuration and includes a side wall 34 having an upper rim 35 extending thereabout. A pair of diametrically opposed vertical recesses 36 are provided for locating purposes as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter. Also, a pair of diametrically opposed spring tabs 37 are utilized for connecting inner portion 32 to outer portion 40. Inner portion 32 also includes a plurality of baffles 39 and recessed inner portions generally designated by reference numeral 38 for reasons which will become apparent hereinbelow.
Outer portion 40 of lower feed container 14, as seen in FIG. 12, is also generally cylindrical in configuration and includes an outer side wall 41 in which there are provided a plurality of feed access openings 42. At a pair of diametrically opposed feed access openings 42, there are provided notches 43 which are designed to receive spring retaining tabs 37 to interconnect inner portion 34 and outer portion 40. Guide ribs 51 align the portion by fitting within recesses 36. A bottom wall 44 is formed of a plurality of triangular configurations to direct seed and also to provide for drainage through drainage apertures 45 (FIG. 2A). The outer portion 40 also includes a centrally located center post 46 which has an upper tapered portion 47 and a lower portion 48. Upper portion 47 is provided with tabs 49 for interconnection to inner tube 20.
Inner portion 32 and outer portion 40 of lower feed container 14 are assembled and the arrangement is such that the baffles 39 are situated above feed access openings 42 and recessed portions 38 align with feed access openings 42.
Center hub 24 (FIGS. 14, 14A) includes a central portion 52 having a plurality of radially extending arms 54. Within each radially extending arm 54 there is provided a channel 56 having screw threads 58 extending partially thereabout.
Center hub 24 also includes an upwardly extending center post 60 and which post 60 has a pair of diametrically opposed side guide flanges 62. A somewhat V-shaped slot 64 is formed in the upper end of center post. Center post 60 includes a central channel 66 designed to receive rod 22.
Shroud 16 (FIGS. 19, 19A) has a shroud side wall 70 with a plurality of feed access openings 74 being formed in side wall 70. Situated below each feed access opening 74 is an aperture 76 to permit passage of a perch. A bottom wall 78 has a plurality of seed drainage apertures 80 formed therein. An upwardly extending center hub portion 82 is designed to receive the lower portion of center hub 24 and has an aperture 84 located centrally thereof.
There are provided a plurality of perches 88 (FIG. 5) each having screw threads 90 formed on one end thereof for screw threaded engagement with screw threads 58 on radial arms 54 of center hub 24. A circular perch 92 (as seen in FIGS. 1, 4 and 4A) interconnects the distal non screw threaded ends of perches 88 and is retained thereby.
Skirt member 18 (FIG. 20) includes an inner cylindrical wall 96 and an outer skirt wall 98. In the illustrated embodiment, skirt member 18 is illustrated as being formed of a single piece; naturally, cylindrical wall 96 and outer skirt wall 98 may be formed separately and suitably secured together.
Inner tube 20 (FIGS. 13, 13A) has a lower cylindrical portion 102 which merges with a pair of upwardly extending forks 104. At an upper portion of forks 104 there are apertures 106 formed therein.
An inner adjustment housing 110 (FIG. 16) is designed to fit between forks 104 and is rotatable on lower cylindrical portion 102 of inner tube 20. The inner walls of adjustment housing 110 are beveled to receive and retain a nut like member (see FIG. 16).
A retaining member 116 (FIG. 15) is designed to retain housing 110 in position and to this end, includes a flat body portion 118, a lower cylindrical portion 120 designed to seat within inner adjustment housing 110 and a pair of upwardly extending arms 122. Each arm 122 has an upper groove 124 formed therein. Grooves 124 are designed to receive a retaining pin 123 which extends through apertures 106 and forks 104 to thereby secure the assembly together (FIG. 3).
An upper cap 130 is designed to seat on retaining member 116 and to this end, includes a pair of upwardly extending portions 132 designed to receive upper arms 122 while covering the member 116 and retaining pin 126 in position.
Center rod 22 (FIG. 21) has an upper threaded portion generally designated by reference numeral 136 and a lower threaded portion generally designated by reference numeral 138. The arrangement is such that inner adjustment housing 110, as aforementioned, fits between forks 104 and is rotatable on lower cylindrical portion 102. A stop member 144 extends through rod 22 to limit rod travel. Located inwardly of inner adjustment housing 110 is a spring 140 and which is retained therein by means of a nut 142 which is screw threadedly engaged with upper threaded portion 136 of rod 22. The arrangement is such that rotational movement of inner adjustment housing 110 will adjust the tension on spring 140 by shortening or lengthening the same. At its lower end, there is provided a wing nut 146 to engage lower screw threaded portion 138 of rod 22.
There is also provided a rim cover 150 (FIG. 8) which seats and is secured to the upper marginal edge of upper feed container 12. Rim cover 150 includes a pair of diametrically opposed slots 152 and recesses 154 for reasons which will become apparent hereinbelow.
Cover 26 (FIGS. 18, 18A) includes a horizontal top wall 156 which merges with a first sloping side wall 158. Sloping side wall 158 in turn merges with a vertical wall 160 having a pair of diametrically opposed indents 162 thereon. Indents 162 are designed to fit within slots 152 on rim cover 150 to permit the placing and the locking of cover 26 in position (recesses 154). At the lower end of vertical wall 160, there is provided a second sloping wall 164 which terminates in a drip edge 166. Vents 159 are formed in side wall 158.
In assembly, center hub 24 is placed within shroud 16 and perches 88 are inserted through perch openings 76 and screw threadedly engaged within radial arms 54. Perches 88 may be adjusted to the desired distance to which they extend outwardly and if desired, circular perch 92 may be placed thereon and which circular perch 92 is retained in position by the distal ends of perches 88.
Outer portion 40 of lower feed container 14 is then placed such that hub center post 60 extends within tapered center post 44 of lower feed container 14. The tapered arrangement prevents binding when shroud 16 moves downwardly to deny access to the feed access openings 38. The rib in the hub and the slot in the center post maintain alignment. In this respect, they are both tapered (two directions) to ensure easy movement of the parts.
Skirt 18 is then placed over outer portion 40 of lower feed container 14 and seats thereon. Inner wall 96 extends about the top of the shroud to cover the shroud in both positions. The skirt 18 also acts as a bumper and prevents a squirrel from having any access.
Inner portion 34 of lower feed container 14 is then placed in position with tabs 37 engaging notches 43. Upper feed container 12 fits about the upwardly extending portion of the inner portion 34 of lower feed container 14.
Cover 26 is then placed in position with indents 162 passing through slots 152 on rim cover 150; the cover 26 is then rotated such that the indents are engaged with recesses 154 to maintain cover 26 in position. A hanger 155 (FIG. 1) engages retaining pin 123 and passes through an aperture formed in top wall 156 of cover 26. In this respect, a sealing member 157 extends between upper cap 130 and cover 26 to prevent the entry of any moisture. Sealing member 157 is under compression between cover 26 and cap 130.
The above arrangement provides a unique squirrel resistant feeder which provides maximum benefits in operation.
The perches, as previously mentioned, are adjustable in length and can be shortened to attract small birds such as chickadees and finches while deterring larger birds such as grackles and starlings. The ring system permits the user to attract cardinals who normally dislike turning their heads to feed. In a preferred embodiment, the perches can be locked into position by providing that the perch openings 76 in shroud 16 are slightly off center with respect to channels 56 of center hub 24. Thus, when wing nut 146 is loosened, perches 88 may easily be inserted through the lined openings or apertures. A tightening of wing nut 46 will place the openings slightly off center and exert a pressure on perches 88 by side wall 70 of shroud 16. Alternatively, screw threads 58 in channel 56 may be designed to be somewhat resilient (similar to a nylon locking nut) to provide a greater locking security for perches 88.
The feeder of the present invention provides a ventilation system to permit the egress of hot air. As will be understood, due to the transparent nature of the upper feed container 12, solar energy will cause heating and it is desirable to provide for ventilation. The present invention utilizes two means to permit the egress of the heated air—through vents 159 and also through slots 152 on rim cover 150.
As will be seen in FIG. 10, wall 41 is tapered inwardly at its lower extremities. This provides for an increasing distance between the shroud and wall 41 as may be seen in FIG. 6. This enables any seed which is jammed between the shroud and wall to escape.
As may be seen in FIG. 22, perches 88 may be adjusted in length to retain circular perch 92. In this respect, circular perch 92 may, for purposes of shipping, be formed of a deformable material such as aluminum whereby it may be made smaller in circumference for shipping and then expanded outwardly. To this end, there may be provided a locking system comprising a tab 170 which may be bent about a further portion of the ring to secure the same in position.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 23, the circular perch may comprise two half members 171 and 172 held together by connecting members 174.
Each connecting member 174 has tongues 176, 178 at opposite ends thereof designed to fit within formed recesses 180, 182 in the circular perch.
It will be understood that the above described embodiments are for purposes of illustration only and that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. A bird feeder comprising:
a feed container having a base and an outer wall extending upwardly therefrom, at least one feed container access opening in said outer wall; 
a cover member, said cover member being removably connected to an upper portion of said feed container; 
a shroud extending about at least a portion of said feed container, at least one shroud access opening substantially aligned with said feed container access opening to thereby permit access to said feed container; 
biasing means biasing said shroud to a position wherein said feed container access opening and shroud access opening are substantially aligned while permitting said shroud access opening to move out of alignment with said feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on said shroud; and 
wherein said outer wall of said feed container has a tapered configuration adjacent said shroud such that when said shroud moves out of alignment with said feed container, said distance between said shroud and said outer wall increases.

2. A bird feeder comprising:
a feed container having a base and an outer wall extending upwardly therefrom, at least one feed container access opening in said outer wall; 
a cover member, said cover member being removably connected to an upper portion of said feed container; 
a shroud extending about at least a portion of said feed container, at least one shroud access opening substantially aligned with said feed container access opening to thereby permit access to said feed container; 
biasing means biasing said shroud to a position wherein said feed container access opening and shroud access opening are substantially aligned while permitting said shroud access opening to move out of alignment with said feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on said shroud; and 
a plurality of perches, a ring member mounted on a distal end of said perches, said perches being adjustable in length.

3. The bird feeder of claim 2 wherein said perches are screw threadedly engaged with said bird feeder such that said perches may be adjusted inwardly and outwardly.

4. A bird feeder comprising:
a feed container having a base and an outer wall extending upwardly therefrom, at least one feed container access opening in said outer wall; 
a cover member, said cover member being removably connected to an upper portion of said feed container; 
a shroud extending about at least a portion of said feed container, at least one shroud access opening substantially aligned with said feed container access opening to thereby permit access to said feed container; 
biasing means biasing said shroud to a position wherein said feed container access opening and shroud access opening are substantially aligned while permitting said shroud access opening to move out of alignment with said feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on said shroud; and 
an elongated center tube within said feed container, said center tube being connected to said feed container, and a hanger member extending through said cover member, said hanger member being connected to said elongated center tube.

5. The bird feeder of claim 4 further including a sealing member where said hanger member extends through said cover member, said sealing member being compressed by said cover when said cover is in a closed position.

6. A bird feeder comprising:
a feed container having a base and an outer wall extending upwardly therefrom, at least one feed container access opening in said outer wall; 
a cover member, said cover member being removably connected to an upper portion of said feed container; 
a shroud extending about at least a portion of said feed container, at least one shroud access opening substantially aligned with said feed container access opening to thereby permit access to said feed container; 
biasing means biasing said shroud to a position wherein said feed container access opening and shroud access opening are substantially aligned while permitting said shroud access opening to move out of alignment with said feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on said shroud; and 
a shroud protection member having a first portion extending downwardly to protect an upper edge of said shroud when said shroud moves out of alignment with said feed container, and a skirt portion extending outwardly therefrom.

7. A bird feeder comprising:
a feed container having a base and an outer wall extending upwardly therefrom, at least one feed container access opening in said outer wall; 
a cover member, said cover member being removably connected to an upper portion of said feed container; 
a shroud extending about at least a portion of said feed container, at least one shroud access opening substantially aligned with said feed container access opening to thereby permit access to said feed container; 
biasing means biasing said shroud to a position wherein said feed container access opening and shroud access opening are substantially aligned while permitting said shroud access opening to move out of alignment with said feed container access opening when a predetermined weight is placed on said shroud; 
a central tube within said feed container; and 
said biasing means being enclosed within said central tube.

8. The bird feeder of claim 7 further including a plurality of perches, said perches being adjustable in length.

9. The bird feeder of claim 8 further including a ring member extending about a distal end of said perches, said ring member being retained thereon by said perches being adjusted outwardly.