# Patent

## Title
Reservoir for powdery media

## Abstract

A reservoir for powdery media, in particular powder coating, comprises a housing having at least one inlet and an outlet. A fluidising floor of porous, air-permeable material is located in the interior of the housing at a distance from its base. In this way a pressure chamber which is chargeable with compressed air is formed between the fluidising floor and the base of the housing. In order to reduce the quantity of compressed air required for fluidising and to keep low the mechanical stress imposed on the powdery medium when in the fluidised state, the cross-section of the housing narrows downwardly towards the fluidising floor. In addition, this shape of the housing generates turbulence in the fluidised powdery material.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a reservoir for powdery media, in particular for powder coating, having: (a) housing having at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the powdery medium; (b) a fluidising floor of porous, air-permeable material arranged in the interior of the housing at a distance from its base; and (c) a pressure chamber chargeable with compressed air and located between the fluidising floor and the base of the housing.
2. Background Art
In the powder-processing industry, in particular in coating technology, reservoirs for powdery media in which a given quantity of powdery medium can be temporarily stored and then withdrawn for further use are often required. Such-reservoirs are to be found, for example, upstream of, downstream of, or in sifting machines which are provided upstream of the application devices with which the powder coating is sprayed onto a workpiece in coating plants. The amount of sieved powder coating required for complete coating of a workpiece is generally collected in reservoirs located downstream of sifting machines.
Known reservoirs of the above-mentioned type currently on the market have substantially cylindrical housings; the term “cylindrical” is used here in the mathematical sense to describe a geometrical form which has the same cross-section at all levels above its base. Suction pipes which are lowered from above into the interior of the housing until they are relatively close to the upper face of the fluidising floor, from where they suck the fluidised powdery medium upwardly, are used as outlets. These known reservoirs not only have a considerable consumption of compressed air. The fluidised powdery medium located in them is also subjected to high mechanical stress, which can lead to undesired fine-grain formation. Furthermore, mixing of the fluidised powder is not always optimal. Finally, in these known reservoirs unwanted air can occasionally be sucked in through the outlet pipe from the generally pulsating fluidised bed of powder, interrupting the operation of the application devices in a manner referred to as “pumping”.
It is the object of the present invention so to configure a reservoir of the above-mentioned type that the compressed air consumption is reduced and the quality of the powdery medium withdrawn is improved.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This object is achieved according to the invention in that: (d) the cross-section of the housing narrows downwardly towards the fluidising floor.
The downwardly narrowing, funnel-like shape of the housing according to the invention has a number of positive consequences. Foremost among these is the reduction of the area of the fluidising floor, which is practically proportional to a corresponding accompanying reduction in the consumption of compressed air. A desirable side-effect is that, with the shape of the housing according to the invention, a given quantity of powdery medium located above the fluidising floor rises to a higher level than was the case with known reservoirs. The higher level of the fluidised powder above the fluidising floor can, however, necessitate a somewhat increased pressure of the compressed air, although this is generally insignificant in practice.
In addition, because of the funnel-like shape of the housing of the reservoir according to the invention, better mixing of the powdery medium takes place in the interior of said reservoir. This reduces the danger of air cavities being sucked into the system located downstream. Finally, the diminishing velocity of the powdery material towards the top resulting from the widening of the housing towards the top reduces the mechanical stress on the powdery material so that less fine-grain material is formed.
It is advantageous if the cross-sectional area of the housing in the region of the fluidising floor is approximately one-tenth, still better approximately one-twentieth of the maximum cross-sectional area of the housing or less. The consumption of compressed air is correspondingly lower and the turbulence and the slowing-down of the flow velocity with increasing distance from the fluidising floor are all the more pronounced.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the partial zone of the housing located directly above the fluidising floor is cylindrical. In this way it is achieved that with even a minimal volume of powdery medium a high filling level directly above the fluidising floor is established. If the at least one outlet is located in this cylindrical partial zone there is no danger that air will be sucked in even when very small quantities of powdery medium are present in the reservoir.
If the at least one outlet has the shape of an upwardly open funnel the powdery medium withdrawn from the reservoir has substantially the same granular composition as the powdery medium inside the reservoir; a coarser or finer grain fraction is therefore not preferentially withdrawn, as was the case with known reservoirs.
It is also advantageous if the housing is made at least partially of plastics material. This reduces the danger of caking of powder coating on the internal surfaces of the housing. If a transparent plastics material, in particular an acrylic glass, is selected, the movement processes of the powdery medium taking place inside the housing can be visually observed and monitored.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of the invention is elucidated in detail below with reference to the drawing; the single FIGURE shows a vertical section through a powder coating sifting machine in which a reservoir according to the invention is integrated.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and described herein in detail a specific embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiment illustrated.
The sifting machine for powder coating represented in the drawing and denoted as a whole by reference numeral 1 includes a housing 2 in which a horizontal sifting floor 3 is arranged. The housing 2 has a circular external contour in all horizontal cutting planes, the diameter of which varies, however, as a function of height. The housing 2 has its largest diameter at the level of the sifting floor 3. The inlet zone 2a of the housing 2 located above the sifting floor 3 narrows conically towards the top, so that a conical form is produced. At the top of the inlet zone 2a an inlet pipe connection 4 through which powder coating can be fed opens into the interior of the housing 2.
The outlet zone 2b of the housing 2 located below the sifting floor 3 serves as a powder reservoir for the application devices located downstream, as will be clarified below. The outlet zone 2b can in turn be divided from above to below into three partial zones 2ba, 2bb and 2bc. The upper partial zone 2ba adjacent to the sifting floor 3 tapers conically towards the bottom with a comparatively small cone angle with respect to the horizontal. The partial zone 2bb adjoining the partial zone 2ba is also conical, although the cone angle included with the horizontal is considerably larger. Finally, the lowest zone 2bc of the outlet zone 2a is in the form of a circular cylinder. The cross-sectional area of the housing 2 in the bottom cylindrical portion 2bc is only approx. 1/23 of the cross-sectional area of the housing 2 in the region of the sifting floor 3.
At a certain distance above the base 2c of the housing 2 a horizontal fluidising floor 5 passes through the interior of the lowest partial zone 2bc. In this way a pressure chamber 6 into which a feed line 7 for compressed air opens is formed below said fluidising floor 5.
Arranged above the fluidising floor 5, but still substantially within the cylindrical lower partial zone 2bc of the housing 2, are two suction funnels 8, 9 which are widened towards the top and have upwardly-facing inlet apertures. The suction funnels 8, 9 are provided with respective rigid, integrally moulded line sections 8a, 9a which pass through the cylinder wall of the partial zone 2bc of the housing 2, where they are connected to hoses 10, 11. The hoses 10, 11 lead to respective powder pumps 12, 13 and from there to application devices (not shown in the drawing), for example, powder bells with which the powder is sprayed onto a workpiece.
In the region of the sifting floor 3 the housing 2 has a radially projecting, annular flange 14. This flange 14 rests with its underside on a plurality of load cells 15 distributed around its periphery, which in turn bear via rubber buffers 16 against a fixed support 17.
Finally, a level sensor 18, which in principle can be of any known construction, is mounted in the interior of the outlet zone 2b of the housing 2. The electrical signal generated by this level sensor 18 is supplied via a line 19 to a computer which controls the entire sifting machine 1.
The above-described sifting machine 1 operates as follows: Before the start of a coating process a quantity of powder coating as required to completely coat a workpiece is metered into the interior of the inlet zone 2a by means of a metering valve (not shown). This quantity of coating can be monitored by means of the load cells 15 on which the entire sifting machine 1 is supported. Because the sifting floor 3 is of comparatively large area the powder quantity dispensed onto it is distributed; sifting into the outlet zone 2b located below the sifting floor 3 therefore takes place relatively quickly.
The sifted powder reaching the outlet zone 2b completely fills the bottom partial zone 2bc located above the fluidising floor 5, together with the middle partial zone 2bb and optionally the partial zone 2ba adjacent to the sifting floor 3 up to a given level. Because of the smaller cross-section of the partial zones 2bc, 2bb and 2ba in the outlet zone 2b, the powder coating located therein extends considerably higher than in the inlet zone 2a above the sieve 3.
The sifting process is correctly completed when the level sensor 18 in the outlet zone 2b of the housing 2 detects the level which corresponds substantially to the complete volume of coating dispensed via the inlet pipe connection 4.
The pressure chamber 6 below the fluidising floor 5 is supplied with compressed air via the feed line 7, which compressed air passes upwardly through the fluidising floor 5 and fluidises the powder coating in known fashion. Said powder is therefore constantly in motion. Because of the funnel shape of the conical partial zones 2bb and 2ba, the flow of powder coating in these partial zones additionally takes on a defined turbulence component which ensures that good mixing of all grain sizes takes place in the powder coating. Because the partial zones 2bb and 2ba are widened conically towards the top, the flow velocity of the powder coating also decreases in those areas, imposing less stress on the powder coating and thus ensuring reduced fine-grain formation.
Once the sifting process is completed, that is, once substantially the entire metered quantity of powder coating has passed through the sifting floor 3, the coating process can begin. For this purpose the pumps 12 and 13 in the hoses 10, 11 are activated. The fluidised powder coating is now sucked substantially out of the conical partial zones 2bb and optionally 2ba of the outlet zone 2b of the sifting machine 1. With the above-described orientation of the suction funnels 8, 9 in which the suction aperture faces upwards and the suction process takes place from above to below, an especially homogeneous mixture of powder coating is withdrawn, which mixture also contains, in particular, a fine-grain proportion which corresponds to the fine-grain proportion in the entire quantity of powder coating located in the outlet zone 2b and circulating therein.
Because of the shape and orientation of the suction funnels 8, 9, air cavities produced even under very unfavourable conditions cannot be sucked in.
On completion of the coating process the work cycle of the sifting machine 1 begins anew with the weighing-in of a new portion of powder coating into the inlet zone 2a. 
The foregoing description merely explains and illustrates the invention and the invention is not limited thereto except insofar as the appended claims are so limited, as those skilled in the art who have the disclosure before them will be able to make modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. Reservoir for powdery media, comprising:
a) a housing including a base, an interior, at least one inlet and at least one outlet for a powdery medium; 
b) a fluidising floor of porous, air-permeable material arranged in the interior of the housing at a distance from its base thereof; and 
c) a pressure chamber chargeable with compressed air and located between the fluidising floor and the base of the housing, 
wherein the cross-section of the housing narrows downwardly towards the fluidising floor, and means for reducing compressed air consumption and increasing homogeneity of said powdery medium wherein the cross-sectional area of the housing in the region of the fluidising floor is substantially one of less than equal and to approximately one-tenth of the maximum cross-sectional area of the housing.

2. Reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the housing in the region of the fluidising floor is substantially one of less than and equal to approximately one-twentieth of the maximum cross-sectional area of the housing.

3. Reservoir according to claim 1, wherein a partial zone of the housing located directly above the fluidising floor is cylindrical.

4. Reservoir according to claim 3, wherein the at least one outlet is located in the partial zone of the housing that is cylindrical.

5. Reservoir according to claim 4, wherein the at least one outlet has the shape of an upwardly open funnel.

6. Reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the housing is made at least partially of a plastics material.

7. Reservoir according to claim 6, wherein the housing is made at least partially of transparent plastics material.

8. Reservoir according to claim 7, wherein the transparent plastics material comprises acrylic glass.