J-A05033-24

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

IN RE: THE ESTATE OF CHALES L. 

SMALL, DECEASED

APPEAL OF: JUANITA SMALL, 

ADMINISTRATRIX

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 3171 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Amended Decree Entered May 20, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Orphans’ Court at 

No(s): 617DE-2017

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KING, J., and LANE, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LANE, J.: FILED MARCH 25, 2024

Juanita Small (“Small”), Administratrix of the Estate of Charles L. Small, 

deceased (“the Estate”), appeals from the amended decree which sustained 

certain objections to the Estate accounting and surcharged Small for one-half 

of the Estate assets. We affirm.

Small is the mother of Charles L. Small (“the decedent”). Laverne J. 

Dollard (“Dollard”) is the father of the decedent. The decedent was eighteen

years old when he sustained gunshot wounds, rendering him a paraplegic. In 

July 2013, the decedent passed away at age thirty-seven, allegedly due to an 

overdose of pain medication while an inpatient at Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital. 

The decedent died intestate without a spouse or issue, and Small was 

appointed Administratrix of his Estate. In December 2013, the Estate 

recovered $2,154 for the settlement of a claim asserted against Southeastern 

Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (“SEPTA”). In June 2014, in her 
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capacity as Administratrix, Small filed an Estate inventory with the Register of 

Wills which reflected that the $2,154 in settlement proceeds received from

SEPTA was an asset of the Estate. See Inventory, 6/17/14, at 1-2.

The Estate subsequently commenced a medical malpractice action

against the hospital in the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas asserting, 

inter alia, a claim for wrongful death. The Estate ultimately recovered $90,000 

in settlement of the medical malpractice action. On April 17, 2017, the 

Delaware County Court of Common Pleas entered an order, with consent of 

all counsel on the record, directing that the settlement amount be allocated 

solely to the wrongful death claim. See Order, 4/17/17, at 1. The order 

further directed that, after costs and counsel fees were deducted from the 

total settlement amount, the remaining $48,144.92 was awarded to “Small,

Administratrix of the Estate.” Id. at 2; see also id. (awarding the settlement 

funds “to the Administratrix on behalf of the Estate”). Finally, the order 

provided that “jurisdiction over the distribution of the [settlement] funds

awarded to the Estate shall be determined by the orphans’ court . . ..” Id. 

(unnecessary capitalization omitted). 

In the orphans’ court, Small filed a petition for forfeiture of estate, 

seeking a ruling that, pursuant to 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 2106,

1 Dollard forfeited his 

____________________________________________

1 Section 2106(b) of the Probate, Estates, and Fiduciaries Code (“the PEF 

Code”), 20 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 101-8815, provides that any parent who failed to 

perform the duty of support to a dependent child for one year prior to the 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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share of the Estate by failing to perform his duty of support to the decedent

prior to his death. The orphans’ court determined that Small failed to 

demonstrate that the decedent was a dependent child—and, concomitantly, 

that Dollard had a duty of care—as required to obtain the requested forfeiture 

relief under section 2106(b). See Decree, 2/28/18, at 1. On this basis, the 

orphans’ court directed that all Estate funds were to be distributed equally to 

Small and Dollard, as the surviving parents of the decedent. See id.; see 

also 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 2103(2) (providing that when an intestate decedent dies 

without a spouse or issue, but has living parents, the parents are entitled to 

inherit the decedent’s estate). 

Small appealed the orphans’ court decree on the basis that she was 

entitled to a ruling that Dollard forfeited his share of the Estate. This Court 

affirmed the orphans’ court decree. See In re Estate of Small, 209 A.3d 

533 (Pa. Super. 2019) (unpublished memorandum). Small then sought and 

was granted review by our Supreme Court, which affirmed this Court’s 

decision. See Estate of Small v. Small, 234 A.3d 657 (Pa. 2020).

At some point after the entry of the April 17, 2017 order and prior to 

our Supreme Court’s ruling in July 2020, Small’s counsel issued a check to 

Small, in her individual capacity and not in her capacity as Administratrix of 

____________________________________________

dependent child’s death shall have no right or interest in the dependent child’s 

estate. See 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 2106(b).
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the Estate, for the amount of $48,144.92, representing the settlement 

proceeds for the wrongful death claim.

In September 2020, Dollard filed a petition for accounting, distribution, 

sanctions, and removal of Small as Administratrix of the Estate. The orphans’ 

court ordered Small to file an accounting for the Estate. Small thereafter filed 

an account for the Estate reflecting her actions as Administratrix for the period 

of July 2013 through December 2021 (“the Account”). The Account reflected 

that the Estate had received no assets and made no distributions. See First 

and Final Account of Juanita Small, Administratrix, 12/1/21, at 1-13. Dollard 

filed several objections to the Account. At the discovery deposition of Small, 

her counsel objected to several questions and directed Small not to answer

them. See, generally, N.T. Deposition of Juanita Small, 12/14/21. Dollard 

thereafter filed a motion to strike the objections and instructions not to answer

questions, and to compel the completion of Small’s deposition. The orphans’ 

court granted the motion and ordered Small to appear for a further deposition 

within ten days. See Decree, 3/29/22.2 In a further deposition, Small 

testified that she spent the entirety of the $2,154 in SEPTA settlement 

proceeds listed on the Estate inventory. See N.T. Deposition of Juanita Small, 

5/16/22, at 17-18. Small additionally testified that the check in the amount 

____________________________________________

2 Dollard also filed a motion to compel Small to produce certain documents 

and a motion to find Small in contempt of court. The orphans’ court entered 

two additional orders on March 29, 2022, denying these motions. 
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of $48,144.92 that she received from her counsel, representing the award of 

the wrongful death settlement proceeds, was made payable to “Juanita 

Small,” with no other name(s) or language on the check. Id. at 15. Finally, 

Small testified that she spent the entirety of the wrongful death settlement 

amount. Id. at 14.

The matter proceeded to a trial on Dollard’s objections. On May 19, 

2022, the orphans’ court entered a decree and adjudication. On May 20, 

2022, the court entered an amended decree, which: (1) surcharged Small in 

the amount of $24,072.46, representing one-half of the wrongful death 

settlement proceeds paid to her in her individual capacity rather in her 

capacity as Administratrix of the Estate, in contravention of the April 17, 2017 

order; and (2) surcharged Small in the amount of $1,077, representing onehalf of the settlement proceeds received by the Estate from SEPTA. Small

filed a timely notice of appeal and both she and the orphans’ court complied 

with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. 

Small raises the following issues for our review:

1. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in its interpretation of the 

order of April 17, 2017 of the Court of Common Pleas of 

Delaware County.

2. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in hearing [Dollard’s]

objections regarding the settlement proceeds of [the medical 

malpractice action] because it lacked jurisdiction over wrongful 

death proceeds and improperly denied [Smalls’] motion to 

dismiss on those grounds.

3. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in its exercise of jurisdiction 

pursuant to [20] Pa.C.S.[A. §] 711.
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4. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in its ruling how the 

settlement proceeds from [the medical malpractice action] 

should have been and/or were distributed and subject to any 

tax implications.

5. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in hearing [Dollard’s]

objections regarding an alleged settlement of a SEPTA case 

because there was insufficient evidence of the amount, type 

and source of proceeds.

6. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in its findings regarding the 

SEPTA settlement proceeds as against the weight of the 

evidence regarding the amount, type[,] and distribution of the 

proceeds.

7. Did the orphan’s [sic] court . . . err in accepting evidence from 

discovery depositions and pre[]trial rulings on motions to 

compel which it had previously denied.

Small’s Brief at 5 (issues reordered for ease of disposition, unnecessary 

capitalization and quotation marks omitted).3

Our standard of review of an orphans’ court decree is well-settled:

When reviewing a decree entered by the orphans’ court, this 

Court must determine whether the record is free from legal error 

and the court’s factual findings are supported by the evidence.

Because the orphans’ court sits as the fact-finder, it determines 

the credibility of the witnesses and, on review, we will not reverse 

its credibility determinations absent an abuse of that discretion.

____________________________________________

3 We note that, although Small raised seven questions for our review, she

omitted any reference to her sixth question in the discussion section of her 

brief. Accordingly, we deem her sixth question waived. See Kaur v. Singh, 

259 A.3d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2021) (holding that any question raised in the 

statement of questions presented but not supported by discussion and 

analysis of pertinent authority in the brief may be waived for lack of

development); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (providing that the argument 

section of an appellate brief “shall be divided into as many parts as there are 

questions to be argued . . . followed by such discussion and citation of 

authorities as are deemed pertinent”).
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However, we are not constrained to give the same deference to 

any resulting legal conclusions. Where the rules of law on which 

the court relied are palpably wrong or clearly inapplicable, we will 

reverse the court’s decree.

Estate of Fuller, 87 A.3d 330, 333 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation and 

unnecessary capitalization omitted).

In her first issue, Small argues that the orphans’ court misinterpreted 

the April 17, 2017 order entered by the Delaware County Court of Common 

Pleas. When interpreting another court’s order, a court is bound by the words 

of the order itself, supplemented, if at all, only by statements or documents 

of record at the time the order was made. See Commonwealth v. Brennan, 

195 A.2d 150, 151 (Pa. Super. 1963).

Although Small concedes that she commenced the medical malpractice 

action in her capacity as Administratrix of the Estate and that the April 17, 

2017 order awarded the settlement amount to “Juanita Small, Administratrix,” 

she nevertheless contends that this language does not mean that the wrongful 

death proceeds became a part of the Estate. Small’s Brief at 19. Small insists 

that “[t]he mere fact that the named plaintiff is an administrator of an estate 

does not mean that all proceeds are the property of the estate and subject to 

jurisdiction of the orphans’ court.” Id. (unnecessary capitalization omitted). 

Small additionally argues that the statements made by the Delaware County 

Court of Common Pleas in the April 17, 2017 order concerning the orphans’

court relate solely to the role of the orphans’ court in determining whether 
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Dollard forfeited his parental rights under the forfeiture statute, and not to the 

distribution of the wrongful death settlement proceeds.

The orphans’ court considered Small’s first issue and determined that it 

lacked merit. The court reasoned:

. . . [T]he April 17, 2017 order of the . . . Delaware County 

Court [of Common Pleas] . . . addresses approval of the

settlement[ of the medical malpractice action] which took place 

before said court and specifically, . . . the order states, “Wrongful 

Death Claim: To: Juanita Small, Administratrix of the Estate of 

Charles L. Small” and the amount listed is, “$48,144.92.” The

order further states as follows:

The funds awarded . . . above are awarded to 

the Administratrix on behalf of the Estate and shall not 

constitute a determination as to the dependency of 

Charles L. Small nor the determination of any share 

due to either parent pursuant to 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 2106.

As the decedent was a resident of Philadelphia, 

and the Estate has been opened in Philadelphia, 

jurisdiction over the distribution of the funds awarded 

to the Estate shall be determined by the orphan[s’]

court of the Philadelphia County Court of Common 

Pleas upon petition, not by this court.

[Order, 4/17/17, at 2.] 

Thus, first and foremost, this Delaware County court order 

dated April 17, 2017 confirms the funds in the Estate of Charles 

L. Small, the source of these funds, and to who they were ordered

to be paid to. Then, not only did the Honorable Christine FizzanoCannon of the Delaware County Court [of Common Pleas] 

acknowledge the proper location for any determination regarding 

distribution of funds, she resolved any question of the remaining 

issue this court would be deciding. The issue before this court is 

only distribution of the funds in the Estate.

* * * *

As this matter has been ongoing for numerous years, 

counsel was well[-]aware of the contentious nature of any funds 
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involved in the Estate. To directly proceed in distributing funds of 

the Estate prior to the resolution of any litigation involving said 

funds is in direct contradiction to the specific language of the court 

order of April 17, 2017 from Delaware County. There is no other 

possible or probable “interpretation” of said order, other than what 

has previously been determined and thus, this court has not 

committed any error in its prior rulings regarding the the [sic] 

court order of April 17, 2017[,] from Delaware County.

Orphans’ Court Opinion, 8/11/23, at 14-16 (unnecessary capitalization 

omitted). 

Based on our review, we discern no error by the orphans’ court in its 

interpretation of the April 17, 2017 order. The order specifically indicated that 

its contents and directives were made “pursuant to the agreement of counsel 

on the record.” Order, 4/17/17, at 1. The order allocated $48,144.92 of the 

settlement amount to the wrongful death claim, and further provided that this 

amount was awarded to “Juanita Small, Administratrix of the Estate of 

Charles L. Small.” Id. at 2 (emphasis added). The order further indicated

that the settlement amounts allocated to the wrongful death claim “are 

awarded to the Administratrix on behalf of the Estate . . ..” Id. 

(emphasis added). Finally, the order directed that “jurisdiction over the 

distribution of the funds awarded to the Estate shall be determined by 

the orphans’ court of the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas . . ..” 

Id. (unnecessary capitalization omitted, emphasis added).

The language of the order was clear, precise, and left no room for 

misinterpretation. Moreover, given that the directives included in the April 

17, 2017 order were agreed to by Small’s counsel on the record, the orphans’ 
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court was entitled to conclude that Small agreed that the settlement amounts 

allocated to the wrongful death claim were: (1) awarded to the Estate, and 

not to Small in her individual capacity; and (2) subject to the jurisdiction of—

and to be distributed by—the orphans’ court. That Judge Fizzano-Cannon

refrained from making any determination as to the dependency of the 

decedent or whether Dollard was subject to forfeiture does not detract from 

the indisputable fact that the order specifically directed that the wrongful 

death settlement amounts were awarded to the Estate and subject to the 

jurisdiction of the orphans’ court for purposes of disbursement. Accordingly, 

as we discern no error by the orphans’ court in its interpretation of the April 

17, 2017 order, Small’s first issue merits no relief. 

In her second and third issues, Small challenges the orphans’ court’s 

exercise of jurisdiction over the wrongful death settlement proceeds. The 

assessment of whether a court has subject matter jurisdiction presents an 

inquiry into the competency of the court to determine controversies of the 

general class to which the case presented for consideration belongs. See 

Assouline v. Reynolds, 219 A.3d 1131, 1137 (Pa. 2019). Because this 

inquiry presents a pure question of law, our standard of review is de novo,

and our scope of review is plenary. See id.; see also In re Estate of

Ciuccarelli, 81 A.3d 953, 958 (Pa. Super. 2013) (holding that our standard 

of review of an orphans’ court’s exercise of subject matter jurisdiction is de

novo and our scope of review is plenary).
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Pursuant to the PEF Code, the orphans’ court has mandatory and 

exclusive jurisdiction over certain matters. In this regard, the PEF Code 

provides:

Except as provided in section 712 (relating to nonmandatory 

exercise of jurisdiction through the orphans’ court division) and 

section 713 (relating to special provisions for Philadelphia 

County), the jurisdiction of the court of common pleas over the 

following shall be exercised through its orphans’ court division:

(1) Decedents’ estates. - The administration and distribution of 

the real and personal property of decedents’ estates . . ..

* * * *

(12) Fiduciaries. - The appointment, control, settlement of the

accounts of, removal and discharge of . . . all fiduciaries of estates

. . ..

* * * *

(17) Title to personal property. - The adjudication of the title

to personal property in the possession of the personal

representative, or registered in the name of the decedent or his

nominee, or alleged by the personal representative to have been

in the possession of the decedent at the time of his death.

20 Pa.C.S.A. § 711(1), (12), (17). 

Small argues that the orphans’ court had no jurisdiction over the 

wrongful death settlement proceeds. Small claims that the orphans’ court 

failed to address established legal precedent holding that damages recovered 

in a wrongful death action are not part of a decedent’s estate. See Small’s 

Brief at 12 (citing, inter alia, In re Pozzuolo’s Estate, 249 A.2d 540 (Pa.

1969); Frazier v. Oil Chemical Co, 179 A.2d 202 (Pa. 1962); and McFadden 

v. May, 189 A. 483 (Pa. 1937)). Small maintains that, by its plain language, 
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section 711(17) only provides the orphans’ court with jurisdiction over 

property in the possession of a decedent at the time of death. Small contends 

that section 711(17) does not confer jurisdiction over the subject wrongful 

death settlement proceeds to the orphans’ court because those proceeds were 

from a lawsuit which arose from and followed the decedent’s death. Small 

asserts that, because the wrongful death settlement proceeds were not in the 

decedent’s possession at the time of his death, the orphans’ court lacked 

jurisdiction over those proceeds. 

The orphans’ court considered Small’s second and third issues and 

determined that they lacked merit. The court reasoned:

The orphans’ court has long-standing jurisdiction pursuant 

to [section] 711, regarding the handling and disposition of 

decedents’ estates. This court has mandatory jurisdiction over 

the settlement funds in the possession of the administrator of the 

Estate. The specific provision in the [April 17, 2017] court order 

directing that the control of the settlement funds was to rest with 

the orphans’ court of Philadelphia County was pursuant to 

[section] 711(17) . . ..

* * * *

This statute grants jurisdiction over the settlement funds 

awarded to the Administrator of the Estate to the orphans’ court 

of Philadelphia County. The issue before this court to be resolved 

was how the funds were distributed by . . . Small and whether 

there was a failure to preserve the funds until this court would 

determine the share due to the heirs of the Estate.

Orphans’ Court Opinion, 8/11/23, at 12-13 (unnecessary capitalization 

omitted). 
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Based on our review, we conclude that the orphans’ court exercise of 

jurisdiction over the wrongful death settlement proceeds was proper. 

Contrary to Small’s assertion otherwise, section 711(17) does not limit the 

orphans’ court’s jurisdiction to property in the possession of a decedent at the 

time of death. Instead, as set forth above, section 711(17) additionally

provides the orphans’ court division of the court of common pleas with

mandatory and exclusive jurisdiction over the adjudication of the title to

personal property in the possession of the personal representative or

registered in the name of the decedent or his nominee. See 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 

711(17); see also Small’s Brief at 17 (quoting the full text of section 

711(17)). Because the wrongful death settlement proceeds were awarded to 

Small as Administratrix of the Estate, she had both the title to and possession 

of those proceeds. Accordingly, the orphans’ court properly exercised its 

jurisdiction over the wrongful death settlement proceeds, which were assets 

of the Estate.4 

____________________________________________

4 Small’s reliance on Pozzuolo’s Estate, Frazier, and McFadden is 

misplaced, as those cases considered the jurisdiction of the orphans’ courts

prior to the 1968 amendments to our Constitution which abolished both the 

orphans’ courts and the courts of common pleas, which had previously existed

as separate tribunals with separate jurisdiction and functions. The 

amendments replaced both courts with a broader type of court, known as the 

court of common pleas. Under the reconstituted court of common pleas, the 

separate orphans’ courts became orphans’ court divisions of the courts of 

common pleas, and the jurisdiction and functions formerly exercised by 

separate orphans’ courts were exercised by the amalgamated court of 

common pleas only through the orphans’ court division of the court of common 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Moreover, pursuant to section 711(12), the orphans’ court had 

mandatory and exclusive jurisdiction over Dollard’s petition for accounting, 

sanctions, and removal of Small as Administratrix of the Estate. See 20 

Pa.C.S.A. § 711(12); see also Estate of Ciuccarelli, 81 A.3d at 958 (holding 

that, in addition to the administration and distribution of decedents’ estates,

the orphans’ court has exclusive jurisdiction of the control of estate fiduciaries 

and of the settlement of their accounts). Consequently, as the orphans’ court 

properly exercised jurisdiction over the wrongful death settlement proceeds, 

and matters related to the administration of those Estate assets, Small’s 

second and third issues merit no relief.

In her fourth issue, Small challenges the orphans’ court’s distribution of 

Estate assets. Pursuant to the PEF Code, where the decedent dies intestate,

the manner in which a decedent’s estate is to be distributed is governed by 

section 2101(a), which provides: “[a]ll or any part of the estate of a decedent

not effectively disposed of by will or otherwise passes to his heirs as prescribed

in this chapter . . ..” 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 2101(a). Additionally, as explained above, 

where an intestate decedent dies without a spouse or issue but has living 

parents, the parents are entitled to inherit the decedent’s estate. See id. §

2103(2). In such circumstances, the living parents are entitled to inherit the 

____________________________________________

pleas. See Eberhardt v. Ovens, 259 A.2d 683, 685 (Pa. 1969) (concurring 

opinion by Jones, J.).
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decedent’s estate as tenants by the entirety. See Estate of Small, 234 A.3d 

at 659.

Small maintains that the orphans’ court should not have made any 

determination as to how the settlement funds should be distributed, and 

“incorrectly refers to the funds as ‘Estate’ funds (which they are not . . .).” 

Small’s Brief at 20 (unnecessary capitalization omitted). Small claims that the 

April 17, 2017 order provided that the wrongful death settlement proceeds 

were to be distributed to her, and questions how the orphans’ court could have 

ruled that any funds should be distributed to Dollard. Small insists that “any 

issue with that distribution is not for the orphans’ court and any and all rulings 

in this regard dealing with who is entitled to funds . . . is beyond the 

jurisdiction of the orphans’ court.” Id. (unnecessary capitalization omitted).5

The orphans’ court considered Small’s fourth issue and determined that 

it lacked merit. The court reasoned:

As it was determined that the father, . . . Dollard, had not 

forfeited his share of the Estate . . ., the distribution of the Estate 

was the only remaining issue. Thus, at the time of filing of the 

petition which began the instant action, the contested issue was 

distribution of the Estate proceeds and therefore, this court 

ordered an account be filed by . . . Small, the mother, to 

determine whether and how the funds were distributed.

The manner in which a decedent’s estate is to be distributed 

where the decedent dies intestate is governed by Chapter 21 of 

____________________________________________

5 Small additionally purported to challenge the orphans’ court’s distribution in 

relation to tax implications. However, Small’s brief is devoid of any discussion 

regarding tax implications related to the distribution. Accordingly, Small has 

abandoned the issue. 
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the [PEF] Code . . .. See 20 Pa. C.S. § 2101(a). As is the case 

in the instant matter, where an intestate decedent dies without a 

spouse or issue but with living parents, his or her parents are 

entitled to inherit the individual’s estate as tenants by the entirety. 

See id. § 2103(2). 

* * * *

. . . The funds were to be paid “to the Administratrix on 

behalf of the Estate.” Rather, at some time during the ongoing 

litigation, between May 9, 2017 and July 21, 2020, counsel for . . 

. Small paid the funds to the Administratrix in her individual 

capacity. Despite the agreement of counsel, the court order 

confirming such, and with the full knowledge and complicity of 

counsel, the court order dated April 17, 2017 was ignored and all 

of the funds in possession of the Administratrix were distributed 

in full, directly to . . . Small, by way of a single check written out 

to the recipient, “Juanita Small.”

If counsel for . . . Small was going to properly issue checks, 

counsel should have, in their fiduciary capacity, issued two 

separate checks: one check to . . . Small in the amount of 

$24,072.46 and a second check to . . . Dollard in the amount of 

$24,072.46, or, in the alternative, counsel could have retained the 

settlement funds until the rendering of a decision in the matter 

pending before this court. 

Orphans’ Court Opinion, 8/11/23, at 11, 15-16 (unnecessary capitalization 

omitted).

Based on our review, we discern no error by the orphans’ court in 

entering its rulings concerning the distribution of the Estate assets. As 

explained above, the orphans’ court has mandatory and exclusive jurisdiction

over the distribution of Estate assets, including those within the possession of 

the Administratrix, and acted within its jurisdiction to determine how those 

assets should be distributed. See 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 711(1), (17). Moreover, 

given that the decedent died intestate without a spouse or issue, both Small 
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and Dollard, as the decedent’s living parents, were entitled to inherit the 

decedent’s Estate as tenants by the entirety. See id. § 2103(2); see also

Estate of Small, 234 A.3d at 659. As the orphans’ court’s distribution 

determinations are amply supported by the record, Small’s fourth issue merits 

no relief.

In her fifth issue, Small contends that the orphans’ court erred in making 

any ruling regarding the “alleged” SEPTA settlement funds. Small’s Brief at 

21. Small claims that the Estate inventory dates back ten years and does not 

identify a SEPTA lawsuit or SEPTA settlement funds, nor whether any such 

settlement funds were approved by the court as a survival claim or a wrongful 

death claim. While Small concedes that she testified at her deposition that 

she spent the settlement proceeds received from SEPTA, she nevertheless 

claims that there was no evidence as to when or how she spent the proceeds, 

or whether such proceeds were spent for the benefit of the decedent prior to 

his death. According to Small, the evidence concerning the SEPTA settlement 

proceeds was lacking and the court’s ruling was unjustified. 

The orphans’ court considered Small’s fifth issue and determined that it 

lacked merit. The court reasoned:

In this court’s amended decree dated May 20, 2022[,] and 

adjudication dated May 19, 2022, . . . Small, was surcharged in 

the amount of $1,077.00 as this amount represents one half of 

the survival proceeds from a settlement with [SEPTA].

* * * *
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On multiple occasions throughout testimony at trial, . . .

Small, testified as to the amount, type, and source of proceeds 

from the “SEPTA” case and how she distributed it to herself and 

spent the distribution. As the specific amount the Estate should 

have received was presented at trial ($2,154.00) and as the 

beneficiaries under intestate succession were each entitled to 50% 

of the Estate, the court had sufficient evidence to order a 

surcharge for half the amount of the survival proceeds from a 

settlement with [SEPTA] ($1,077.00).

Here, this court cannot find that [Small] exercised “common 

prudence, common skill, and common caution” and good faith by 

spending the entirety of the funds from the settlement of a 

“SEPTA” case. [Small] failed to take custody of the [E]state and 

administer it in such a way as to preserve the property for 

distribution in distributing the funds to herself and spending them 

without further court direction or approval when there was 

another heir to the Estate and pending litigation. Thus, surcharge 

is the appropriate penalty here to compensate the other 

beneficiary, . . . Dollard, for the loss caused by the fiduciary, 

[Small], as this beneficiary was entitled to half of the proceeds 

from the “SEPTA” case under intestate succession.

Orphans’ Court Opinion, 8/11/23, at 17, 19-20 (unnecessary capitalization 

omitted).

Based on our review, we discern no error by the orphans’ court in 

entering its rulings concerning the SEPTA settlement proceeds. Contrary to 

Small’s assertions otherwise, she filed an Estate inventory in 2014 which listed 

the SEPTA settlement proceeds as an asset of the Estate. See Inventory, 

6/17/14, at 1-13. Thus, Small herself designated the SEPTA settlement 

proceeds as an asset of the Estate. Moreover, to the extent that Small 

suggests that she spent the SEPTA settlement proceeds on the decedent

sometime after she filed the inventory in June 17, 2014, she simply could not 

have done so, as the decedent had been deceased for approximately one year
J-A05033-24

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at that point in time. Instead, the record reflects that after the decedent died

and Small designated the SEPTA settlement proceeds as an asset of the 

Estate, she spent the entirety of those proceeds. See N.T. Deposition of 

Juanita Small, 5/16/22, at 17-18. Accordingly, as the record supports the 

orphans’ court’s rulings regarding the SEPTA settlement proceeds, Small’s fifth 

issue merits no relief.

In her final issue, Small contends that the orphans’ court erred when it 

“made findings on the manner in which the checks were issued to [her].” 

Small’s Brief at 21. According to Small, “this finding was unwarranted . . . 

because no such evidence existed.” Id. Small points out that Dollard filed a 

motion to compel “information concerning the distribution, checks, and other 

related things,” and the orphans’ court denied the motion. Id. Small 

maintains that, “[i]nasmuch as the issues sought in the motion were beyond 

the jurisdiction, the orphans’ court order provides further support that the 

rulings on wrongful death proceeds is [sic] beyond its power.” Id. at 21-22.

The orphans’ court considered Small’s final issue and determined that it 

lacked merit. The court explained that it granted Dollard’s motion to strike 

the objections and instructions not to answer questions and to compel the 

completion of Small’s deposition. See Orphans’ Court Opinion, 8/11/23, at 

20. The court further explained the basis for its ruling on that motion, as 

follows:

The questions asked at the deposition of . . . Small were 

material, relevant, and necessary to determine, on the record, 
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what happened to the funds in the Estate. This deposition 

testimony [wa]s necessary to determine how [Small] handled the 

Estate . . ., as Administrat[rix] and what she did with the Estate

funds, including the settlement funds that were required to be 

placed under the jurisdiction of this court pursuant to the 

Delaware County order of April 17, 2017 and how the funds were 

distributed upon receipt from [the hospital].

The material and relevant questions objected to and 

instructed not to answer were as follows in the motion to compel: 

“And did you put it [the money] in a bank account?”; “Where is 

the money from the settlement?”; “Did you receive any settlement 

money for this Estate and what did you do with it?”; “What name 

was on the [settlement] check? . . . “and was that taken to a 

bank?”; ”Who handed you the check”; “And what did you do with 

the money?” Is there any money left from the settlement from 

the settlement proceeds?[”]

Here, the objections and instructions not to answer the 

questions by counsel for the Estate were improper, have no basis 

in law or in the Rules of Civil Procedure . . . as adopted by this

court, and are approaching bad faith as the aforementioned 

questions presented by opposing counsel are readily relevant and 

determinant as to what happened to the funds of the Estate.

Id. at 22 (citations to the record and unnecessary capitalization omitted).6

Our review of the record confirms that the orphan’s court granted

Dollard’s motion to strike the objections and instructions not to answer 

questions and to compel the completion of Small’s deposition. See Order, 

____________________________________________

6

In his brief, Dollard purports to challenge the orphans’ court’s decision not

to surcharge Small’s counsel for the loss of the assets of the Estate, based on 

counsel’s improper distribution of the Estate assets to Small. However, 

Dollard did not preserve this issue for our review by filing a cross-appeal of 

the amended decree. 
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3/29/22, at 1.7 The order additionally directed that Small submit to a further 

deposition within ten days. Id. During her continued deposition, Small 

testified that she received a settlement check from her counsel which bore her 

name only, and she confirmed that there was no other name on the check,

and that the check said nothing else. See N.T. Deposition of Juanita Small, 

5/16/22, at 15-16.

Based on the record before us, we find no merit to Small’s unsupported 

claim that the subject motion to compel was “denied,” or that “no . . . evidence

existed” regarding “the manner in which the checks were issued to [her].” 

Small’s Brief at 21. Indeed, Small’s own testimony establishes that the 

settlement check for the wrongful death claim was made payable to her in her 

individual capacity, and not in her capacity as Administratrix of the Estate. 

Accordingly, as the record amply supports the orphans’ court’s findings 

regarding the manner in which the check for the wrongful death settlement 

proceeds was made payable to Small, her final issue merits no relief. 

____________________________________________

7 As explained above, Dollard also filed a motion to compel Small to produce 

certain documents as well as a motion to find Small in contempt of court. The 

orphans’ court entered two additional orders on March 29, 2022, denying 

these separate motions. Small appears to conflate the court’s rulings on these 

other motions with its ruling on the motion to strike the objections and 

instructions not to answer questions and to compel the completion of Small’s 

deposition. 
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In sum, based on the facts and law set forth by the orphans’ court in its 

well-reasoned opinion, Small’s issues merit no relief. Accordingly, we affirm 

the amended decree. 

Amended decree affirmed.

Date: 3/25/2024