Technical Support Document 

for the 

Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5
 

and the South Coast Portions of the Revised 

2007 State Strategy 

Air Division 

U.S. EPA Region 9 

November, 2010 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For information on this technical support document, please contact: 

Wienke Tax 

Office of Air Planning (AIR-2) 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Region 9 

75 Hawthorne Street 

San Francisco, California 94105 

(415) 947-4192 

tax.wienke@epa.gov
 

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Table of Contents 

I. Introduction and Background 

A. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Fine Particulate (PM2.5) 

1. The PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

a. Level and Form of the Standard 

b. Health Effects 

c. Revisions to the 24-Hour PM2.5 Standard 

2. Implementing the PM2.5 NAAQS 

a. Designations 

b. PM2.5 Planning Requirements 

B. PM2.5 Air Quality in the South Coast 

1. PM2.5 Levels in the South Coast 

2. Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in the South Coast 

C. California Submittals Constituting the South Coast PM2.5 State Implementation Plan 

D. Public Notice and Hearing Requirements for and Completeness Determinations on SIP 

Submittals 

1. Public Notice and Public Hearing Requirements for SIP Submittals 

2. Completeness Determinations on SIP Submittals 

II. Evaluation of the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 and Revised 2007 State Strategy for 

Meeting PM2.5 Requirements 

A. Emissions Inventory 

1. Requirements for Emissions Inventories 

2. Emissions Inventories in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

B. Air Quality Modeling 

C. Attainment Plan Precursors 

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1. Requirements for Control of PM2.5 Precursors 

2. Identification of PM2.5 Attainment Plan Precursors in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

D. Reasonably Available Control Measures/Reasonably Available Control Technology 

1. Requirements for RACM/RACT 

2. RACM/RACT Analysis in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

E. Attainment Date Extension 

1. Requirements for Attainment Date Extensions 

2. Proposed Attainment Date in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

F. Adopted Control Strategy and Enforceable Commitments 

1. Requirements for Control Strategy and Enforceable Commitments 

2. Control Strategy in the South Coast 2007 AQMP and Revised 2007 State Strategy 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

G. Attainment Demonstration 

1. Requirements for Attainment Demonstrations 

2. Attainment Demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

H. Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

1. Requirements for Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

2. RFP Demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

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I. Contingency Measures 

1. Requirements for Contingency Measures 

2. Contingency Measures in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

J. Adequacy of the Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

1. Requirements for Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

2. Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. May 6, 2008 Adequacy/Inadequacy Finding 

4. EPA’s Proposed Action on the Budgets 

K. Mid Course Review 

1. Requirements for Midcourse Reviews 

2. Midcourse Review Requirement in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

Appendix A – State Baseline Measures 

Appendix B – Approval Status of South Coast Rules 

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Acronyms & Terms 

μ: micron (one millionth) 

AERR: Air Emissions Report Rule, 40 CFR part 51, subpart A 

APCD: air pollution control district 

AQMD: air quality management district 

AQMP: air quality management plan 

AQS: Air Quality Subsystem 

ARB: California Air Resources Board (also CARB) 

BAR – California Bureau of Automotive Repair 

BARCT: best available retrofit control technology 

BC: black carbon 

CAA: Federal Clean Air Act as amended in 1990 

CALMET: a diagnostic 3- dimensional meteorological model 

CAMx: Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions 

CARB: California Air Resources Board (also ARB) 

CCR: California Code of Regulations 

CEFS: California Emissions Forecasting and Planning Inventory System 

CEIDARS: California Emissions Inventory Development and Reporting System 

CERR: Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule, 40 CFR part 51, subpart A 

CFR: Code of Federal Regulations 

CMAQ: Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality funds 

CMB: chemical mass balance 

CO: carbon monoxide 

CPM: condensable particulate matter 

CTG: Control Techniques Guidelines 

CSBA: California Small Business Alliance 

District: South Coast Air Quality Management District 

DPR: California Department of Pesticide Regulation 

EC: elemental carbon 

EGU: electrical generating unit 

EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency 

FDDA: Four Dimensional Data Assimilation 

FEM: federal equivalent method 

FHWA: Federal Highway Administration 

Fine particulate matter: PM2.5 

FMVCP: Federal motor vehicle control program 

FR: Federal Register 

FRM – federal reference method 

FTA: Federal Transit Administration 

ICE – internal combustion engine 

MATES: Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study 

MCR – mid-course review 

MM5 – Mesoscale model 

MPO: metropolitan planning organization 

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MVEB – motor vehicle emissions budget 

NAAQS: national ambient air quality standard 

NCEP - National Centers for Environmental Prediction 

NH3: ammonia 

NO2: nitrogen dioxide 

NOx: oxides of nitrogen 

NYQ: not yet quantified 

O3: ozone 

OC – organic carbon 

OTAQ: EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

PBL: planetary boundary layer 

PM – particulate matter 

PM10: particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less, includes PM2.5 

PM2.5: particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less 

RACM: reasonably available control measures 

RACT: reasonably available control technology 

RAMS: Regional Atmospheric Modeling System 

RFP reasonable further progress 

RH: relative humidity 

ROG: reactive organic gases, used interchangeably with “VOC” 

RRF – relative response factor 

RTIP – regional transportation improvement program 

RTP – regional transportation plan 

SC – South Coast 

SCAQMD: South Coast Air Quality Management District 

SCE: Southern California Edison 

SCOS97: Southern California Ozone Study 1997 

SIP: state implementation plan 

SJV: San Joaquin Valley 

SJVAPCD: San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District 

SMAT: Speciated Modeled Attainment Test 

SO2: sulfur dioxide 

SOx: oxides of sulfur 

SSI: Size Selective Inlet 

STMPRAG: Scientific, Technical, and Modeling Peer Review Advisory Group 

TCM: transportation control measures 

tpd: tons per day 

TSD: technical support document 

UAM: Urban Airshed Model - 

UAMAERO-LT: Urban Airshed Model 

UFP: ultrafine particle 

UTM – Universal transverse Mercator 

VMT: vehicle miles traveled 

VOC: volatile organic compounds 

WOE weight of evidence 

WRAP: Western Regional Air Partnership 

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WRF: Weather Research and Forecasting 

WSPA: Western States Petroleum Association 

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Technical Support Document 

for the Proposed Action on the 

South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 and the South Coast 

Portions of the Revised 2007 State Strategy 

I. Introduction and Background 

This document provides supporting information and analysis for EPA’s proposed rulemaking 

actions on the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s 2007 AQMP (June 2007) and the 

related portions of the California Air Resources Board’s State Strategy for California’s 2007 

State Implementation Plan (September 27, 2007) as revised and updated on April 24, 2009. It 

identifies the Clean Air Act (CAA) requirements for PM2.5 plans and EPA’s regulatory and 

policy guidance interpreting these requirements. It also describes the elements of the South 

Coast 2007 AQMP and 2007 State Strategy intended to address these requirements and EPA’s 

evaluation of whether the state submittals meet them. 

A. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Fine Particulate (PM2.5 

1. The PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

a. Level and Form of the Standard 

On July 18, 1997, EPA established new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) 

for PM2.5. 62 FR 38652.1 The annual standards are set at a level of 15 micrograms per cubic 

meter (μ/m3), as determined by the 3-year average of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations. The 

24-hour standards were set at a level of 65 μ/m3

, as determined by the 3-year average of the 98th 

percentile of 24-hour concentrations. 40 CFR § 50.13. 

b. Health Effects 

EPA established air quality standards for PM2.5 based on evidence from numerous health 

studies demonstrating that serious health effects are associated with exposures to elevated levels 

of PM2.5. Epidemiological studies have shown statistically significant correlations between 

elevated PM2.5 levels and premature mortality. Other important effects associated with PM2.5 

exposure include aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (as indicated by increased 

hospital admissions, emergency room visits, absences from school or work, and restricted 

1 The original annual and daily standards for particulate matter generally less than or equal to 10 micrometers in 

diameter (also referred to as PM10) were established in 1987. In the 1997 PM NAAQS revision, EPA also revised 

the standards for PM10 but these revised PM10 standards were later vacated by the court, and the 1987 PM10 

standards remained in effect. In the 2006 NAAQS revision, the 24-hour PM10 standards were retained but the 

annual standards were revoked. The South Coast nonattainment area is designated and classified as serious 

nonattainment for the PM10 NAAQS. See 40 CFR part 81.305. 

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activity days), changes in lung function and increased respiratory symptoms, as well as new 

evidence for more subtle indicators of cardiovascular health. Individuals particularly sensitive to 

PM2.5 exposure include older adults, people with heart and lung disease, and children. See, EPA, 

Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, No. EPA/600/P–99/002aF and EPA/600/P– 

99/002bF, October 2004. 

Attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 standards is estimated to lead to reductions in health 

impacts, including tens of thousands fewer premature deaths each year, thousands fewer hospital 

admissions and emergency room visits each year, hundreds of thousands fewer absences from 

work and school, and hundreds of thousands fewer respiratory illnesses in children annually. See 

72 FR 20586, 20587 (April 25, 2007). 

c. Revisions to the 24-Hour PM2.5 Standard 

On October 17, 2006, EPA completed another review of the NAAQS for PM. With 

regard to the primary standards, the 24-hour PM2.5 standards were strengthened to a level of 35 

μ/m3

, based on the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations. The annual 

standards remained unchanged. 71 FR 61144 (October 17, 2006). Attainment of the 2006 PM2.5 

standards is estimated to lead to additional reductions in health impacts over the 1997 standard, 

including approximately 1,200 to 13,000 fewer premature deaths each year, 1,630 fewer hospital 

admissions and 1,200 fewer emergency room visits for asthma each year, 350,000 fewer 

absences from work and school, and 155,300 fewer respiratory illnesses in children annually. 72 

FR 20586, 20587. 

On November 13, 2009, EPA designated the South Coast, along with other areas in the 

Country, as nonattainment for the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 standard. 74 FR 58688. California is now 

required to submit a plan demonstrating attainment of this standard by December 14, 2012. The 

South Coast 2007 AQMP address only the 1997 24-hour PM2.5 standards of 65 μg/m3 and annual 

standards of 15 μg/m3. 

2. Implementing the PM2.5 NAAQS 

a. Designations 

The process for designating areas either attaining or not attaining following promulgation 

of a new or revised NAAQS is contained in CAA section 107(d)(1). Under this section, each 

State Governor or Tribal leader has an opportunity to recommend air quality designations, 

including the appropriate boundaries for areas to EPA. Under CAA section 107, State and Tribal 

recommendations are due within one year of promulgation of a new NAAQS. In the case of the 

1997 PM2.5 standards, however, Congress amended section 107 to extend the schedule for EPA 

to initiate the designations process until 3 calendar years of air quality data, measured at Federal 

Reference Method monitors, were gathered. See section 6102(c)(1)(d) of the Transportation 

Equity Act for the 21st Century. EPA and State air quality agencies initiated the monitoring 

process for the PM2.5 NAAQS in 1999 and deployed all air quality monitors by January 2001. 

By no later than 120 days prior to promulgating designations, EPA is required to notify 

States or Tribes of any intended modifications to their boundaries that EPA deems necessary. 

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States and Tribes then have an opportunity to provide a demonstration as to why the proposed 

modifications suggested by EPA are inappropriate. Whether or not a State or Tribe provides a 

recommendation, EPA must promulgate the designation that it deems appropriate. 

In April 2003, EPA requested that California to submit its designation recommendations, 

based on ambient air quality data from 2001 to 2003, and supporting documentation to EPA by 

February 15, 2004. California submitted its recommendations on February 11, 2004. See Letter, 

Catherine Witherspoon, CARB, to Wayne Nastri, EPA-Region 9, February 11, 2004. On 

December 17, 2004, EPA issued final PM2.5 designations for areas violating the 1997 standards, 

including the San Joaquin Valley air basin. They were published in the Federal Register on 

January 5, 2005 (70 FR 944) and became effective on April 5, 2005. The designations are 

codified at 40 CFR part 83, subpart C. 

The nonattainment designation for an area starts the process whereby a State must 

develop an implementation plan that includes, among other things, a demonstration showing how 

it will attain the ambient standards by the attainment dates required in the CAA. Under section 

172(b), States have up to 3 years after EPA’s final designations to submit their SIPs to EPA. The 

SIPs demonstrating attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 standards were due on April 5, 2008, 3 years 

after the effective date of the designations. 

b. PM2.5 Planning Requirements 

To assist states in developing effective plans to address their PM2.5 nonattainment 

problem, EPA issued the “Clean Air Fine Particulate Implementation Rule,” also known as the 

PM2.5 implementation rule. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), codified at 40 CFR part 51, subpart 

Z. We proposed this rule on November 1, 2005 at 70 FR 65984. EPA issued this rule in 

accordance with the statutory requirements of the CAA set forth in subpart 1 of Part D of Title 1, 

i.e., sections 171–179B. 

The PM2.5 implementation rule covers most CAA requirements for PM2.5 State 

implementation plans. A list of these CAA requirements, the corresponding provision in the 

PM2.5 implementation plan and preamble are given in Table IA-1 below. 

Table IA-1 

CAA Requirements for PM2.5 Attainment State Implementation Plans 

CAA 

Section 

PM2.5 Implementation Rule Description TSD Rule Preamble 

172(a)(2)(A) §51.1004 20600 Attainment date and attainment 

date extensions 

II.E. 

172(b) §51.1002(a) 20599 SIP submittal date I.B.3. 

172(c)(1) §51.1010 20609--20633 

Reasonably available control 

measures (including reasonably 

available control technology) 

II.D. 

172(c)(1) 

§ 51.1007(a) 20601-20602 

Demonstration of expeditious 

attainment 

II.F. 

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Table IA-1 

CAA Requirements for PM2.5 Attainment State Implementation Plans 

CAA 

Section 

PM2.5 Implementation Rule Description TSD Rule Preamble 

172(c)(2) § 51.1009 20633-20640 Reasonable further progress II.H. 

172(c)(3) § 51.1008 20647-20651 Emission inventory II.A. 

172(c)(6) § 51.1007(b) 

§ 51.1010(b) 

20601-20602 

20658-20660 

Enforceable limitation limits, other 

control measures, means or 

techniques and schedules and 

timetables for compliance as 

necessary for attainment 

II.D. & 

F. 

172(c)(7) § 51.1002(b) 20600 CAA section 110(a)(2) requirements 

N/A 

172(c)(9) § 51.1012 20642-20645 

Contingency measures for failure to 

attain or make reasonable further 

progress 

II.J. 

302(g) § 51.1002(c) 20589-20597 PM2.5 precursors to be evaluated for control 

II.C. 

172(c)(1) § 51. 1007(b) 20629 Timing of emission reductions for attainment 

II.D. & 

F. 

176(c) 93.118(e) 20645-20646 Motor vehicle emissions budgets I.D. 

172(c)(2) & 

(6) 

§ 51.1011 20640 Mid-course review II.I. 

110(a)(2)(K) 

§ 51.1007(a), 

§ 51.112 and 

Appendix W 

20605-20609 

Air Quality Modeling II.F. 

In June 2007, a petition to the EPA Administrator was filed on behalf of several public 

health and environmental groups requesting reconsideration of four provisions in the PM2.5 

implementation rule. See Earthjustice, “Petition for Reconsideration in the Matter of the Final 

Clean Air Fine Particulate Implementation Rule,” June 25, 2008. These provisions are: 

1. Presuming that compliance with the (now vacated) Clean Air Interstate Rule satisfies the 

NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 RACT requirements for electric generating units (EGUs). 72 FR 20586 

(April 25, 2007), at 20623-28. 

2. Allowing States to defer establishing emission limits for condensable PM until January 1, 

2011. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20652 (codified at 40 CFR § 51.1002(c)). 

3. Revising the criteria for analyzing the economic feasibility of RACT from a presumption that 

a given source must bear a cost similar to other sources and that to a consideration of whether the 

cost of a measure is reasonable for the regulated entity to bear, in light of benefits. 72 FR 20586 

(April 25, 2007), at 20619. 

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4. Allowing States to use emissions reductions from outside of the nonattainment area to 

demonstration RFP. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20636. 

The disputed provisions of the PM2.5 implementation rule are, for the most part, not 

relevant to today’s proposal because California did not rely on them in developing the 

nonattainment area plan for the South Coast PM2.5 nonattainment area. We address each of these 

provisions later in this TSD: the first three in section II.D. (RACM/RACT) and the fourth in 

section II.H. (RFP). 

B. PM2.5 Air Quality in the South Coast 

The South Coast PM2.5 nonattainment area is located in the southern part of California. It 

comprises portions of Los Angeles County, all of Orange County, and the urbanized portions of 

San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. It is home to almost 18 million people and is the 

nation’s leading area for goods movement. See Figure IB-1 for a map of the South Coast 

nonattainment area and the major sources of air pollution in the nonattainment area. The local 

air district with primary responsibility for developing a plan to attain the PM2.5 NAAQS in this 

area is the South Coast Air Quality Management District (“SCAQMD” or “District”). For a 

complete description of the PM2.5 nonattainment area, please refer to 40 CFR part 81.305. 

1. PM2.5 Levels in the South Coast 

Annual PM2.5 levels in South Coast are some of the highest recorded in the United States 

at 19 μg/m3 for the 2007-2009 period. See EPA, Air Quality System, Design Value Report, 

August 26, 2010. Since comprehensive monitoring began for PM2.5 in the South Coast in the late 

1990s, the area has seen a significant decline in ambient levels, especially in the 2002-2010 time 

period. See Figures IB-2 and IB-3. Figure IB-4 is a map of the current monitoring system in the 

South Coast. 

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Figure IB-1 

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Figure IB-2
 

Figure IB-3
 

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Figure IB-4 – Ambient PM2.5 Monitoring Locations In the South Coast Air Basin 

From http://www.aqmd.gov/tao/AQ-Reports/AQMonitoringNetworkPlan/AppendixA.pdf 

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2. Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in the South Coast 

PM2.5 in the air is a complex mixture of components. Common components include: 

nitrate (NO3); sulfate (SO4); ammonium; elemental carbon; a great variety of organic 

compounds; and inorganic material (including metals, dust, sea salt, and other trace elements) 

generally referred to as “crustal” material, although it may contain material from other sources. 

“Primary” particles are emitted directly into the air as a solid or liquid particle (e.g., elemental 

carbon from diesel engines or fire activities, or condensable organic particles from gasoline 

engines). “Secondary” particles (e.g., nitrate and sulfate) form in the atmosphere as a result of 

chemical reactions between precursor pollutants such as NOx, SO2, VOC, and ammonia. The 

South Coast 2007 AQMP includes an updated ammonia inventory.

2 Understanding the 

compounds that impact an area’s PM2.5 problem is necessary in order to develop control 

strategies that are effective for attaining the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 72 FR 20586, at 20586. 

PM2.5 in the South Coast Air Basin is overwhelmingly formed as a secondary pollutant. 

(South Coast 2007 AQMP, page ES-9). Therefore, the South Coast 2007 AQMP relies on 

reducing precursors to PM2.5 and some directly-emitted PM2.5 rather than fugitive dust (PM10). In 

general, the organic carbon (OC) mass accounts for approximately 30 percent of the total mass at 

each station. Ammonium, sulfate and nitrates account for an approximate 45 percent of the total 

mass at each location. Rubidoux and Fontana are the most heavily impacted by nitrates. Sulfate 

is highest in the near coastal or ports of Los Angeles/Long Beach areas, particularly Wilmington 

and Long Beach. Elemental carbon (EC) and metals measurements were highest at Wilmington, 

accounting for almost 24 percent of the mass when combined. All sites observed measurable 

concentrations of sodium and chloride ions reflecting the influence of the marine air as it is 

transported inland. Figure IB-5 shows the annual distribution of PM2.5 species in the South Coast 

PM2.5 nonattainment area 

2 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix III, page III-1-16, and electronic mail, Kathy Hsiao, SCAQMD, to Wienke 

Tax, EPA Region 9. dated October 29, 2010. 

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Figure IB-5: MATES-III 2005 Annual Distribution of PM2.5 Species (μg/m3)3 

C. California Submittals Constituting the South Coast PM2.5 State 

Implementation Plan 

Three submittals or parts of submittals comprise the South Coast PM2.5 attainment plan: 

1. Final 2007 Air Quality Management Plan, SCAQMD, adopted June 1, 2007, submitted 

with the adopting resolutions and other supporting documentation by CARB on 

November 28, 2007. See South Coast Air Quality Management District Governing 

Board Resolution 07-9; CARB Resolution No. 07-41, September 22, 2007; and letter, 

James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB to Wayne Nastri, Regional Administrator, 

EPA Region 9, November 28, 2007 with enclosures. This document will be referenced in 

this TSD and the Federal Register proposal as the “2007 AQMP” and the “South Coast 

2007 AQMP”. 

2. Proposed State Strategy for California’s 2007 State Implementation Plan, adopted 

September 27, 2007, submitted with the adopting resolution and other supporting 

documentation by CARB on November 16, 2007. See CARB Resolution No. 07-28, 

September 27, 2007 and letter, James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB, to Wayne 

Nastri, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9, November 16, 2007, with enclosures. 

This document will be referenced in this TSD and the Federal Register proposal as the 

“2007 State Strategy”. 

3. Status Report on the State Strategy for California’s 2007 State Implementation Plan 

(SIP) and Proposed Revisions to the SIP Reflecting Implementation of the 2007 State 

Strategy, adopted April 24, 2009, submitted with the adopting resolution and other 

supporting documentation by CARB on August 12, 2009. See CARB Resolution No. 09­

34, April 24, 2009 and letter, James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB, to Laura 

3 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-4. 

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Yoshii, Acting Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9, August 12, 2009 with enclosures. 

This document will be referenced in this TSD and the Federal Register proposal as the 

“revised 2007 State Strategy”. 

Future references to the 2007 State Strategy in this TSD and the Federal Register 

proposal will be to the Strategy and Plan as revised in 2009, unless explicitly noted otherwise. 

D. Public Notice and Hearing Requirements for and Completeness 

Determinations on SIP Submittals 

1. Public Notice and Public Hearing Requirements for SIP Submittals 

CAA sections 110(a) and (l) require a State to provide reasonable public notice and 

hearing prior to the adoption and submittal of a SIP or SIP revision. Thus, every SIP submittal 

should include evidence that adequate public notice was given and a public hearing was held 

consistent with EPA’s implementing regulations in 40 CFR § 51.102. 

Both the SCAQMD and CARB have satisfied applicable statutory and regulatory 

requirements for reasonable public notice and hearing prior to adoption and submittal of the 

South Coast 2007 AQMP and the 2007 State Strategy. The District conducted public workshops, 

provided public comment periods, and held a public hearing prior to the adoption of the Plan on 

June 1, 2007. Documentation accompanying the AQMP describes a public and agency outreach 

effort. See, e.g., the SCAQMD’s Response to Comments on the Draft 2007 Air Quality 

Management Plan (February 2007), submitted by CARB on November 28, 2007 as enclosure IE, describing nine regional workshops held from October 24 through December 6, 2006 to 

discuss the draft 2007 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) released on October 10, 2006. The 

sequence of public meetings held to discuss the elements of the draft State Strategy for 

California’s 2007 SIP (State Strategy) is described in the CARB staff report developed for the 

CARB Board’s consideration prior to adoption of the State Strategy. CARB also provide the 

required public notice and opportunity for public comment prior to its September 27, 2007 public 

hearing on the South Coast 2007 AQMP. See CARB, Notice of Public Meeting to Consider 

Approval of the 2007 Air Quality Management Plan for Attaining the Federal 8-hour Ozone and 

PM2.5 Standards in the South Coast Air Basin and the Coachella Valley. See 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/board/ma/2007/ma092707.htm and 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/nonreg/scsip07.pdf. 

CARB also conducted public workshops, provided public comment periods, and held a 

public hearing prior to its adoption of the 2007 State Strategy on September 27, 2007. CARB, 

Notice of Public Meeting to Consider Approval of the Proposed State Strategy for California’s 

State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Federal 8-Hour Ozone and PM2.5 Standards, May 7, 

2007. CARB also provide the required public notice, opportunity for public comment, and public 

hearing prior to its April 24, 2009 adoption of revisions to the Strategy. See CARB, Notice of 

Public Hearing to Consider a Status Report on the State Strategy for California’s 2007 State 

Implementation Plan and Consider Approval of a Proposed Revision to the State Implementation 

Plan Reflecting Implementation of the 2007 State Strategy, March 24, 2009. 

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2. Completeness Determinations on SIP Submittals 

CAA section 110(k)(1) requires EPA to determine whether a SIP submittal is complete 

within 60 days of receipt. This section also provides that any plan that we have not affirmatively 

determined to be complete or incomplete will become complete six months after the day of 

submittal by operation of law. A completeness review allows us to determine if the submittal 

includes all the necessary items and information we need to act on it. 

We make completeness determinations using criteria we have established in 40 CFR part 

51, Appendix V. These criteria fall into two categories: administrative information and 

technical support information. The administrative information provides documentation that the 

State has followed basic administrative procedures during the SIP-adoption process and thus we 

have a legally-adopted SIP revision in front of us. The technical support information provides us 

the information we need to determine the impact of the proposed revision on attainment and 

maintenance of the air quality standards. 

We notify a state of our completeness determination by letter unless the submittal 

become complete by operation of law. A finding of completeness does not approve the submittal 

as part of the SIP nor does it indicate that the submittal is approvable. It does start the 12 month 

clock we have to act on the SIP submittal. See CAA section 110(k)(2). 

The November 28, 2007 submittal of the South Coast 2007 AQMP became complete by 

operation of law on May 28, 2008. The November 16, 2007 submittal of the 2007 State Strategy 

and the August 12, 2009 submittal of the 2009 revisions to the State Strategy became complete 

by operation of law on May 16, 2008 and February 12, 2010, respectively. 

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II. Evaluation of the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 and the 

Revised 2007 State Strategy 

A. Emissions Inventories 

1. Requirements for Emission Inventories 

CAA section 172(c)(3) requires states to submit “comprehensive, accurate, current 

inventory of actual emissions from all sources of the relevant pollutant.” Pursuant to this 

section, the PM2.5 implementation rule requires State to submit, within three years of the 

designation of one of its areas as nonattainment, a statewide emission inventories for direct PM2.5 

emissions and emissions of PM2.5 precursors. These inventories should meet the data 

requirements of EPA’s Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (“CERR,” codified at 40 CFR 

part 51 subpart A). § 51.1008(a)(1).4 Direct PM2.5 includes condensable PM. §51.1000 “Direct 

PM2.5”. PM2.5 precursors are NOX, SO2, VOCs, and ammonia, and the state must report 

inventories for each, even if it has determined that control of any of these precursors is not 

necessary for attainment. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20648. 

The PM2.5 implementation rule also requires states to submit a baseline emission 

inventory as part of the attainment and RFP demonstrations in their PM2.5 attainment plans. The 

base year for this inventory should be calendar year 2002 or other suitable year for areas initially 

designated nonattainment for the PM2.5 in 2004-2005. § 51.1008(b). The baseline inventory 

should be appropriate for the geographical area addressed by the PM2.5 attainment plan and 

consistent with applicable EPA guidance. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20648. States are 

also required to submit any additional emission inventory information needed to support its 

attainment and RFP demonstrations. § 51.1008(a)(2). 

EPA has issued the “Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and 

Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze 

Regulations,” EPA–454/ R–99–006, November 2005 (available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ 

chief/eidocs/eiguid/index.html). EPA developed this guidance document to complement the 

CERR and to provide specific guidance on how to develop baseline emissions inventories for 8­

hour ozone, PM2.5, and regional haze SIPs. 

The emissions inventories required under the PM2.5 implementation rule (as opposed to 

the CERR) are SIP provisions that must be approved by EPA under CAA section 110(k) and are 

subject to public hearing requirements pursuant to section 110(a)(2). States should include in 

their SIP submittals documentation explaining how the emissions data were calculated. In 

4

In late 2008, EPA promulgated the Air Emissions Reporting Rule (AERR) at 73 FR 76539 

(December 17, 2008). The AERR updated the CERR reporting requirements by consolidating 

and harmonizing new emissions reporting requirements with pre-existing sets of reporting 

requirements under the NOX SIP Call (which does not apply to California). Because this AERR 

was not finalized until after the submittal of the South Coast 2007 AQMP, its data requirements, 

in that they differ from the CERR requirements, do not apply to the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

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estimating mobile source emissions, States should use the latest emissions models and planning 

assumptions available at the time the SIP is developed. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20647. 

For California, the latest emissions model means the then most recently EPA approved version 

of EMFAC. Currently this is EMFAC2007. See 68 FR 3464 (January 18, 2008). 

2. Emissions Inventories in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Note: We discuss the CARB’s statewide inventory to provide background to our evaluation of 

the emission inventories in the South Coast 2007 AQMP. We are not proposing any SIP action 

on the statewide inventory here, only on the South Coast inventories. EPA will address the 

statewide inventory in a separate rulemaking. 

CARB submitted statewide inventories for direct PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors (except for 

ammonia) as part of the 2007 State Strategy. See Appendix A for the emission inventory output 

tables and Appendix F for documentation of the emissions inventory. Inventories are provided 

for the base year of 2002 and baseline years of 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 

2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2023.5

 These statewide emissions inventories are assembled 

and maintained by CARB in the California Emission Inventory Development and Reporting 

System (CEIDARS) and the California Emission Forecasting and Planning Inventory System 

(CEFS) databases. Both systems are described in Appendix F. In 2004, CARB submitted the 

2002 base year inventory including all necessary data elements to EPA as required by the CERR. 

These inventories in Appendix A are summer season planning inventories on which the 

2007 State Strategy is based. Baseline inventories incorporate reductions from control measures 

adopted prior to December 2006. South Coast 2007 AQMP, page 3-11, and 2007 State Strategy, 

Appendix A, p. 1. Specific adjustments for State and District rules adopted in the 2004 to 2006 

time period, as well as adjustments to among other things, heavy duty truck VMT in 2005 and 

pesticide emissions, are described in the introductory section to Appendix A. 

The baseline planning inventories for direct PM2.5 and all PM2.5 precursors (including 

ammonia) for the South Coast PM2.5 nonattainment area together with additional documentation 

for the inventories are found in Appendices III and V of the South Coast 2007 AQMP and 

additional documentation from the District.6 Average annual day, winter planning day and 

average summer planning inventories are provided for PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors for the year 

2005 (the reference year for the air quality modeling) and the years 2008, 2010, 2011, 2014, 

2017, 2020, 2023, and 2030. The inventories use EMFAC2007 for estimating on-road motor 

vehicle emissions. See South Coast 2007 AQMP page 3-1.These inventories provide the basis 

for the control measure analysis and the RFP and attainment demonstrations. 

As a starting point for the South Coast 2007 AQMP’s inventories, the District used 

CARB’s 2002 base year inventory. All inventories include emissions from point, area, on-road, 

5 The Revised 2007 State Strategy and the 2007 South Coast AQMP address both the 8-hour ozone standard and the 

PM2.5 standards; therefore, baseline inventories are given not only for years of importance for PM2.5 plans but also 

ones of importance for 8-hour ozone plans.

6 Electronic mail from Kathy Hsiao, SCAQMD to Wienke Tax, EPA Region 9, RE: NH3 numbers for SCAB, dated 

October 29, 2010. 

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and non-road engines. None specifically show emissions from non-anthropogenic sources (that 

is, natural sources) although inventories developed for input into the air quality modeling do 

include such sources. South Coast 2007 AQMP, p. 1-4. The 2002 Inventory was projected to 

2005 and future years using CEFS. South Coast AQMP, Appendix III, p. III-1-1. 

A summary of the baseline annual average and winter planning inventories for the years 

2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014 from the South Coast 2007 AQMP is provided in Table IIA-1 below. 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

The emissions inventories were made available to the public for comment at the same 

time as the draft South Coast 2007 AQMP, and were subject to public hearing as part of final 

version of the Plan. See South Coast Air Quality Management District Governing Board 

Resolution 07-9: June 1, 2007, p. 2. 

Consistent with the PM2.5 implementation rule, the South Coast 2007 AQMP uses a 2002 

base year inventory. When considered together with the inventory documentation in Appendix F 

of the State Strategy and the air quality modeling documentation in Appendix III of the Plan, it 

contains all the elements required by EPA’s emission inventory guidance. The inventories are 

based on the best and most current information available at the time the plan was developed, 

address all source categories and use the latest EPA-approved version of the State’s mobile 

source emissions model, EMFAC2007. 

Based on our evaluation discussed above, we propose to find that the 2002 emission 

inventory in the 2007 State Strategy and the South Coast 2007 AQMP meet the CAA section 

172(c)(3) requirement for “comprehensive, accurate, current, inventory of actual emissions from 

all sources of the relevant pollutant” at the time of their submittal in 2007. We also find that the 

baseline inventories in the South Coast 2007 AQMP provide an adequate basis for the reasonably 

available control measure, reasonable further progress, and attainment demonstrations in the 

Plan. 

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Table IIA-1 

Emission Inventory Summary for the South Coast PM2.5 Nonattainment Area 

(tons per day) 

Annual Average Day Winter Average Day 

2005 2008 2011 2014 2005 2008 2011 2014 

NOx 

Stationary and Area 

Sources 

95.09 86.8 78.47 76.38 104.12 96.23 88.02 86.19 

On-Road Mobile Sources 576.05 435.44 361.40 292.24 620.74 468.25 387.13 312.38 

Off-Road Mobile Sources 358.03 331.56 303.05 285.02 351.54 324.28 295.95 277.99 

Total 1029.17 853.7 742.92 653.64 1076.41 888.76 771.10 676.56 

VOC 

Stationary and Area 

Sources 

266.77 245.08 250.41 256.56 271.85 252.71 258.42 264.80 

On-Road Mobile Sources 298.07 210.35 171.66 144.06 315.68 223.19 182.09 152.84 

Off-Road Mobile Sources 175.03 152.56 137.37 127.09 158.34 137.67 124.64 115.56 

Total 739.87 607.99 559.44 527.71 745.87 613.57 565.15 533.20 

PM2.5 

Stationary and 

Area Sources 

64.72 65.19 66.75 68.53 76.86 77.64 79.52 81.63 

On-Road Mobile Sources 19.76 17.75 17.30 16.83 19.80 17.78 17.33 16.85 

Off-Road Mobile Sources 21.11 18.56 17.47 16.26 19.75 17.04 15.74 14.26 

Total 105.59 101.50 101.52 101.62 116.41 112.46 112.59 112.74 

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Table IIA-1 

Emission Inventory Summary for the South Coast PM2.5 Nonattainment Area 

(tons per day) 

Annual Average Day Winter Average Day 

2005 2008 2011 2014 2005 2008 2011 2014 

SOx 

Stationary Sources 

Area Sources 

22.18 16.60 16.35 16.24 23.02 17.46 17.20 17.10 

On-Road Mobile Sources 4.34 2.10 2.15 2.22 4.29 2.05 2.10 2.18 

Off-Road Mobile Sources 35.20 22.17 21.51 24.38 35.16 22.14 21.48 24.35 

Total 61.72 40.87 40.01 42.84 62.47 41.65 40.78 43.63 

NH3 

Stationary Sources 

Area Sources 

75 n/a 

n/a 68 n/a n/a n/a n/a 

On-Road Mobile Sources 29 n/a n/a 15 n/a n/a n/a n/a 

Off-Road Mobile Sources n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 

Total 104 n/a n/a 83 n/a n/a n/a n/a 

Source: South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix III, Tables A-2, A-3, A-5, A-6, C-2, C-3, C-5, C-6 and electronic mail from Kathy Hsiao, SCAQMD to Wienke 

Tax, EPA Region 9, “RE: NH3 numbers for SCAB,” dated October 29, 2010. n/a = not available 

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B. Air Quality Modeling 

1. Requirements for Air Quality Modeling 

CAA section 172(c)(1) requires states to submit a plan which “shall provide for 

attainment of the national primary ambient air quality standards.” Pursuant to this section, the 

PM2.5 implementation rule requires the State to submit, within three years of the designation of 

one of its areas as nonattainment, an attainment demonstration showing that the area will attain 

the annual and 24 – hour standards as expeditiously as practicable. 

 The PM2.5 implementation rule requires states to submit an attainment demonstration 

based on modeling results. 40 CFR § 51.1007, Attainment demonstration and modeling 

requirements, (a) states that “For any area designated as nonattainment for the PM2.5 NAAQS, 

the State must submit an attainment demonstration showing that the area will attain the annual 

and 24-hour standards as expeditiously as practicable. The demonstration must meet the 

requirements of 40 CFR § 51.112 and Appendix W of this part (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/guidance/guide/appw_05.pdf.) and must include inventory data, 

modeling results, and emission reduction analyses on which the State has based its projected 

attainment date. The attainment date justified by the demonstration must be consistent with the 

requirements of 40 CFR § 51.1004(a). The modeled strategies must be consistent with 

requirements in 40 CFR § 51.1009 for RFP and in 40 CFR § 51.1010 for RACT and RACM. The 

attainment demonstration and supporting air quality modeling should be consistent with EPA’s 

PM2.5 modeling guidance.” 72 FR 20586, 20665. 

EPA has issued the “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses for 

Demonstrating Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, , PM2.5 and Regional Haze,” EPA ­

454/B-07-002, April 2007, available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/guidance/guide/final-03­

pm-rh-guidance.pdf (Guidance). 

Overview of the EPA Recommended Modeled Attainment Test for PM2.5 

A modeled attainment test is an exercise in which an air quality model is used to simulate 

current and future air quality. If future estimates PM2.5 concentrations are less than the NAAQS, 

then this element of the attainment test is satisfied. Our recommended test is one in which model 

estimates are used in a “relative” rather than “absolute” sense. That is, we take the ratio of the 

model’s future to current (baseline) predictions at monitors. We call these ratios, relative 

response factors (RRF). Future PM2.5 concentrations are estimated at existing monitoring sites 

by multiplying a modeled relative response factor at locations “near” each monitor by the 

observation-based, monitor-specific, “baseline” design value. The resulting predicted “future 

concentrations” are compared to NAAQS. 

 The PM2.5 attainment test reflects the fact that PM2.5 is a mixture. In the test, ambient 

PM2.5 is divided into major components. These are: mass associated with sulfates, nitrates, 

ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, particle bound water, “other” primary inorganic 

particulate matter, and passively collected mass. 

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A separate RRF is calculated for each of the PM2.5 components (except passive mass). 

We call each of these site-specific ratios, component-specific RRFs. Future PM2.5 design values 

are estimated at existing monitoring sites by multiplying modeled relative response factors 

“near” each monitor times the observed “component specific design value”. This latter quantity 

is estimated using measured site-specific design values for PM2.5 in concert with available 

measured composition data. Future site-specific PM2.5 design values at a site are estimated by 

adding the future year values of the seven PM2.5 components. If all future site-specific PM2.5 

design values are less than or equal to the concentration specified in the NAAQS, the test is 

passed.7 

2.	 Overview of the Conceptual Description, Modeling Approach, and Modeling 

Protocol in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP provides information on the air quality modeling, air 

quality data, and meteorological data in Appendix V. Chapter 1 discusses the overall modeling 

approach for PM2.5 as well as other pollutants. Chapter 2 provides a discussion of the analysis 

for PM2.5. The Modeling Protocol is provided in Attachment 3 to Appendix V. The following 

description of the modeling approach is provided in Appendix V, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, and 

Attachment 3. 

a. Conceptual Description 

The federal reference method (FRM) data depicted in Figure V-2-3, below, clearly 

delineates the extent of the PM2.5 problem in the Basin. PM2.5 is essentially a combustion 

generated pollutant and with the volume of traffic flow, numbers of sources (both point and area) 

located in the region, concentrations exceed the annual federal standard (15 μg/m3) throughout 

the South Coast nonattainment area. The area with the highest annual concentration includes 

southwest San Bernardino and Northwest Riverside Counties. These areas have design values 

exceeding 20 μg/m3 and encompass both the Fontana and Rubidoux air monitoring stations. It is 

important to note that the areas with the highest concentrations are directly downwind of a major 

ammonia source area associated with dairies and poultry farming. These industries are rapidly 

moving from the Basin and are expected to contribute significantly less to particulate formation 

in future years.8 

7 Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses for Demonstrating Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, 

PM2.5, and Regional Haze”, EPA -454/B-07-002, April 2007 p. 15-16. 8 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V p. V-2-10. 

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Figure V-2-3 2005 South Coast Air Basin Annual PM2.5 (μg/m3)9 

Figure V-2-1: MATES-III 2005 Annual Distribution of PM2.5 Species (μg/m3) 

9 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-11. 

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In general, the organic carbon mass accounts for approximately 30 percent of the total 

mass (adjusted for the negative contribution of the other category) at each station. Ammonium, 

sulfate and nitrates account for an approximate 45 percent of the total mass at each location. 

Rubidoux and Fontana are the most heavily impacted by nitrates. Sulfate is highest in the near 

coastal or ports of Los Angeles/Long Beach areas, particularly Wilmington and Long Beach. EC 

and metals measurements were highest at Wilmington accounting for almost 24 percent of the 

mass when combined. All sites observed measurable concentrations of sodium and chloride ions 

reflecting the influence of the marine air as it is transported inland.10 

b. Annual PM2.5 Modeling Approach 

In the Final 2007 AQMP, CAMx annual average PM2.5 modeling simulations were 

generated for 2005, 2014 and 2020 baseline emissions and 2014 and 2020 controlled emissions 

scenarios. The 2005 CAMx simulation was conducted using baseline monthly temperature and 

humidity corrected emissions, for a weekday, Saturday and Sunday activity profile. Seasonal 

boundary conditions were extracted from the Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP) 

regional modeling simulations (initialized from global air quality model output) in support of the 

Regional Haze Rule demonstrations. The simulations were driven by MM5 meteorological 

fields; five day-simulations with a one day “ramp-up” period using NCEP model initialization.11 

CAMx simulations used the same region (5 km squared grid, 280 easting and 3650 

northing, 65 by 40 grid cells) as that used for the 2003 UAMAERO-LT analyses. The vertical 

structure was increased to 11 layers (compared with the 5-layer analysis of UAMAERO-LT), but 

less than the 19 layers used for the MM5 simulations in an effort to conserve computational 

resources. MM5 was used to generate the meteorological profile for each day in 2005. The MM5 

simulations were generated for the larger SCOS97 modeling domain employing a 5 km square 

grid and fit to the smaller PM2.5 grid. 

The MM5 simulations were initialized from NCEP analyses and run for 5-day increments 

without the four-dimensional-data-assimilation (FDDA) option. Speciated PM2.5 data measured 

from the District’s Multiple Air Toxic Evaluation Program (MATES-III) during 2005 provided 

the characterization for evaluation and validation of the CAMx annual and episodic 

demonstrations. 

Model performance was evaluated against monitored particulate PM2.5 air quality data for 

six species (ammonium, nitrates, sulfates, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and primary) and 

total particulate mass. Annual data from eight MATES-III monitoring sites, including Los 

Angeles, Anaheim, Wilmington, Long Beach, Compton, Burbank, Rubidoux, and Fontana, were 

used in the validation. The future year attainment demonstration was analyzed for 2014 

controlled emissions, thus enabling an annual demonstration based on a control strategy that 

would be fully implemented by January 1, 2015. 

Future year PM2.5 air quality (2014 and 2020) was determined using site and species 

specific RRF’s applied to 2005 PM2.5 design values per EPA guidance documents. The quarterly 

10 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p.V-2-5. 11 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-7, V-1-8. 

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RRF’s were calculated from the controlled 2014 simulation and the 2005 baseline simulation. 

The design values were determined from the federal reference method Size Selective Inlet (SSI) 

High-Vol PM2.5 data measured at the District’s air monitoring network from 2003-2005. The SSI 

PM2.5 design values were calculated by quarter then apportioned by species based on the 

distribution observed in the MATES-III data. 

c. Episodic 24-Hr Average PM2.5 Modeling Approach 

Two options are provided to determine RRFs for the future year 24- hour average PM2.5 

attainment demonstration. The first option uses episodic modeling with day-specific emissions 

for representative meteorological episodes to calculate RRFs and apply the RRF to the design 

value. The second approach proposed by EPA relies on an average response to implementation 

of emissions control for the top 25 percentile of days in each quarter of the annual model 

simulation. The maximum 24-hour PM2.5 design value (based on 2003-2005 data) for the Basin 

(64.8 μg/m3) meets the current federal standard. Of great interest is how will the 24 hour PM2.5 

concentration fair compared to the new standard of 35 μg/m3 when that standard become 

effective in 2010. On the basis of our initial simulations and analysis, the District staff feels that 

the future design calculation based on the top 25 percentile day, quarterly is more conservative 

than the episodic modeling. AQMD recommends the use of the 25 percentile approach.12 

Episodic Simulations 

The first approach to determine future year 24-hour maximum or 98th percentile PM2.5 

impacts relied on the simulation of one or more representative peak PM2.5 episodes where 

observed concentrations exceed 65 μg/m3. The peak PM2.5 24-hour average concentration 

observed in the Basin during the 2005 MATES-III monitoring program (110 μg/m3 at Rubidoux) 

occurred on October 22, 2005. Episode specific emissions for the peak and preceding days were 

temperature and humidity corrected and MM5/FDDA simulations were generated to provide the 

meteorological input.13 

Quarterly Top 25 Percentile 

For this approach, the 2005 observational data are sorted by quarter of year and further 

into the top 25 percent of days in each quarter. PM2.5 RRFs are calculated on a quarterly basis 

from the future and base year annual simulations for only those days in the top 25 percentile per 

quarter. The quarterly RRFs for the “top 25 percent days” are then applied to the quarterly 24­

hour average PM2.5 design values to develop quarterly future year design values which are later 

aggregated into an annual 24-hour future year design value to assess attainment. (The measured 

quarterly 24-hour average PM2.5 design values were comprised of the 98th percentile data in each 

quarter for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005). Several variations of the episodic and quarterly top 

25 percentile future year calculations were conducted and are presented and discussed in Chapter 

2. 14 

12 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-8 13 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-9 14 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-9 

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d. Modeling Protocol, Peer Review, and Advisory Committee 

The Modeling Protocol for Ozone and Particulate Matter Modeling in Support of the 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 Air Quality Management Plan Update Draft 

Report May 9, 2006, and a Summary of Preliminary Critiques of Peer Reviewers of the 

Modeling Protocol are included in the South Coast 2007 AQMP.15 

The protocol for the South Coast 2007 AQMP was reviewed by a technical and advisory group. 

The Scientific, Technical, and Modeling Peer Review Advisory Group (STMPRAG) role 

expands upon that of the MWG and includes experts in socioeconomic assessment and 

human health, providing review of AQMD modeling, monitoring and related scientific 

issues. The STMPRAG assists AQMD in resolving technical issues related to air quality 

and socio-economic modeling by providing ongoing technical review and consensus of 

procedures and analyses. The STMPRAG consists of approximately 20 members 

appointed by the Governing Board, with representatives from USEPA, CARB, Southern 

California Association of Governments (SCAG), the California Small Business Alliance 

(CSBA), Southern California Edison (SCE), Western States Petroleum Association 

(WSPA), and technical experts from universities and consultant firms.16 

3. Air Quality Model Selection 

EPA Recommendations 

A model should meet several general criteria for it to be a candidate for consideration in 

an attainment demonstration or uniform rate of progress assessment. These general criteria are 

consistent with requirements in 40 CFR 51.112 and 40 CFR part 51, Appendix W (U.S. EPA, 

2005d). We are not recommending a specific model for use in attainment demonstration or 

uniform rate of progress assessment. At present, there is no single model which has been 

extensively tested and shown to be clearly superior than its alternatives. Thus, 40 CFR Part 51 

Appendix W does not identify a “preferred model” for use in attainment demonstrations of the 

NAAQS for . Based on the language in 40CFR Part 51 Appendix W, models used for these 

purposes should meet requirements for “alternative models”. 17 

States/Tribes should use a non-proprietary model, which is a model whose source code is 

available for free (or for a “reasonable” cost). Furthermore, the user must be able to revise the 

code to perform diagnostic analyses and/or to improve the model’s ability to describe 

observations in a credible manner. Several additional prerequisites should be met for a model to 

be used to support an attainment demonstration. 

15 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachments 3 and 4. 16 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p.20 DRAFT Modeling Protocol for Ozone And 

Particulate Matter Modeling in Support of the South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 Air Quality 

Management Plan Update Draft Report May 9, 2006. 17 Guidance p.136. 

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(1) It should have received and been revised in response to a scientific peer review. 

(2) It should be appropriate for the specific application on a theoretical basis. 

(3) It should be used with a data base which is adequate to support its application. 

(4) It should be shown to have performed well in past ozone or PM modeling applications. 

(If the application is the first for a particular model, then the State should note why it believes the 

new model is expected to perform sufficiently.) 

(5) It should be applied consistently with a protocol on methods and procedures. 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The selection process, models considered, issues, and comments for the air quality and 

meteorological models are discussed in the modeling protocol on pages 25-27, and summarized 

in Table 3: Summary of Proposed 2007 AQMP Model Selection and Application, of the 

modeling protocol.18 

The Final South Coast 2007 AQMP employs CAMx using the “one atmosphere” 

approach comprised of the CB-IV gas phased chemistry and a static two-mode particle 

size aerosol module as the particulate modeling platform. 19 

The preliminary PM2.5 modeling approach crafted for the South Coast 2007 AQMP was 

to move the empirical AERO-LT chemistry from the UAM to CAMx to take advantage 

of the advanced dispersion platform. Parallel testing was conducted to evaluate the 

CAMx/AERO-LT performance against CAMx using the “one atmosphere” approach 

comprised of the CB-IV chemistry and a static two-mode particle size aerosol module. 

The results of the analysis indicated that the two model/chemistry packages were 

performing similarly and that the speed of simulating an annual average using CAMx 

“one atmosphere” was approximately equal to that of the AERO-LT combination. As a 

consequence, the PM2.5 modeling approach shifted to the use of the CAMx “one 

atmosphere” as the primary tool.20 

Discussion 

EPA believes that the modeling platform selected for the 2007 was appropriate for the PM2.5 

modeling which was used as a basis for the attainment demonstration in the 2007 AQMP. 

4. Episode Selection 

EPA Recommendations 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP uses the first of the two recommended approaches, 

described below. 

18 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p.13-18 DRAFT Modeling Protocol for Ozone And 

Particulate Matter Modeling in Support of the South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 Air Quality 

Management Plan Update Draft Report May 9, 2006. 19 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-6. 20 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-7. 

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Model every day for a full year (or multiple years). This is recommended for both 

dispersion modeling of primary PM2.5 components and photochemical modeling of secondary 

and primary components. Many areas that violate the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS will also violate 

the annual PM2.5 NAAQS. Therefore, full year modeling may already exist or is being planned 

for the annual NAAQS attainment test. States that have nonattainment areas that violate both 

PM2.5 standards should take advantage of planning opportunities to address both standards at the 

same time. Modeling at least a full year will also help ensure that a sufficient number of days are 

included in the RRF calculations.21 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Annual PM2.5 Modeling 

In the Final 2007 AQMP, CAMx annual average PM2.5 modeling simulations were 

generated for 2005, 2014 and 2020 baseline emissions and 2014 and 2020 controlled 

emissions scenarios. The 2005 CAMx simulation was conducted using baseline monthly 

temperature and humidity corrected emissions, for a weekday, Saturday, and Sunday 

activity profile.

22 

Episodic Simulations 

The first approach to determine future year 24-hour maximum or 98th percentile PM2.5 

impacts relied on the simulation of one or more representative peak PM2.5 episodes where 

observed concentrations exceed 65 μg/m3. The peak PM2.5 24-hour average concentration 

observed in the Basin during the 2005 MATES-III monitoring program (110 μg/m3 at 

Rubidoux) occurred on October 22, 2005. Episode specific emissions for the peak and 

preceding days were temperature and humidity corrected and MM5/FDDA simulations 

were generated to provide the meteorological input. 

Discussion 

EPA believes that the modeling of the full year for 2005, and along with the episode 

specific modeling meets EPA recommendations for episode selection. 

5. Domain Size and Spatial Resolution 

a. Domain Size 

EPA Recommendations 

The principal determinants of model domain size are the nature PM2.5 problem and the 

scale of the emissions which impact the nonattainment area. Isolated nonattainment areas that are 

21 Guidance p. 147 22 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-8. 

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not impacted by regional transport of PM and its precursors may be able to use a relatively small 

domain. Some areas of the western U.S. may fall into this category. The modeling domain 

should be designed so that all major upwind source areas that influence the downwind 

nonattainment area are included in the modeling domain. The influence of boundary conditions 

should be minimized to the extent possible.23 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Modeling Domain 

The CAMx modeling domain was defined by 2600 5 km squared grid cells a Universal 

Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection beginning at 275 easting through 3670 northing, using a 

65 by 40 grid cell structure. This is same grid specification that was used for the 2003 

UAMAERO-LT analyses. Figure V-2-4 depicts the modeling domain. 

The PM2.5 domain extends approximately 80 km offshore to the west of the middle Basin. The 

domain captures the international shipping routes that extend parallel to the coast (northwest and 

southeast) and due west from the port areas. The northern boundary of the domain extends to 

Santa Barbara County and Kern County while the southern boundary resides primarily in 

Northern San Diego County. The desert portions of Riverside, San Bernardino and Imperial 

counties define the eastern 

24boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling domain is smaller 

than both the ozone modeling and MM5 domain. The vertical structure for the CAMx modeling 

was increased to 8 layers of varying depth (compared with the 5-layer analysis of UAMAEROLT) but less than the 19 layers used for the MM5 simulations in effort to conserve computational 

resources. The top of the modeling domain was set at 5,000 m. 

23 Guidance p. 152 24 South Coast AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-15, V-2-16. 

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Figure V-2-4: PM2.5 Modeling Domain 

Discussion 

EPA believes that the air quality model domain size is appropriate, considering the nature 

PM2.5 problem, and the scale of the emissions which impact the nonattainment area. EPA 

believes that the modeling domain is sufficiently large so that all major upwind source areas that 

influence the downwind nonattainment area are included in the modeling domain, and the 

influence of boundary conditions are minimized to the extent possible. 

b. Horizontal Resolution 

EPA Recommendations 

The bottom line of the preceding discussion is that we feel comfortable recommending 

that States may use grid cell sizes as large as 12 km for urban scale applications addressing 

secondary components of particulate matter. We are less sure about an acceptable upper limit for 

cell size in applications addressing primary components. We believe it is prudent to assume that, 

in some cases, cells as small as 4 km (or possibly smaller) are needed. Those implementing the 

modeling/analysis protocol may wish to perform a diagnostic test using a grid model without 

chemistry to see whether estimated RRF’s for primary components are affected if one decreases 

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the grid cell size from 12 km to 4km. Alternatively, large sources of primary PM can be modeled 

with a dispersion model or a combination of grid and dispersion models (see Section 5.3). 25 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

For the South Coast 2007 AQMP ozone, particulate and meteorological modeling, a 

horizontal grid resolution of 5 km is proposed to be used for the air quality modeling. No 

grid nesting is anticipated. This resolution is consistent with the grid resolution used in 

earlier photochemical modeling studies for the South Coast Air Basin and for San Diego. 

In addition, this will reduce resources needed to create gridded emissions, which are 

based on 5 km grid cells 26 

Discussion 

EPA believes the grid resolution of 5 km is meets EPA recommendations for this 

application. 

c. Vertical Layers 

EPA Recommendations 

There is no correct minimum number of vertical layers needed in an attainment 

demonstration. The vertical resolution will vary depending on the application. Recent 

applications of one atmosphere models (with model tops at 100mb) have used anywhere from 12 

to 21 vertical layers with 8-15 layers approximately within the boundary layer (below 2500m) 

and 4-6 layers above the PBL.27 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The vertical structure for the CAMx modeling was increased to 8 layers of varying depth 

(compared with the 5-layer analysis of UAMAERO-LT) but less than the 19 layers used for the 

MM5 simulations in effort to conserve computational resources. The top of the modeling domain 

was set at 5,000 m.28 The modeling protocol includes a table which lists the Vertical Structures 

for the CAMx Ozone and PM Simulations with Corresponding MM5 Meteorological Model 

Layers.29 

25 Guidance p. 157 26 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, Modeling protocol p.34. 27 Guidance p. 159 28 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p V-2-16. 29 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p.38 DRAFT Modeling Protocol 

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Discussion 

EPA believes that the number of vertical layers in the 2007 AQPM meets EPA’s 

recommendation for number of vertical layers. 

6. Initial and Boundary Conditions 

EPA Recommendations 

If there is no larger regional model application available, then it is recommended that 

background boundary conditions be used to specify initial and boundary concentrations for the 

attainment demonstration modeling. However, concentration fields derived from a larger domain 

regional or global chemistry model (i.e. nesting approach) is considered more credible than the 

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assumption of static concentrations, since the pollutant concentration fields reflect simulated 

atmospheric chemical and physical processes driven by assimilated meteorological observations. 

Therefore, we recommend using boundary conditions derived from a regional or global scale 

model, whenever possible. Diagnostic testing which indicates a large impact on the model results 

from initial or boundary conditions may indicate that the domain is not large enough or the rampup period is too short. In either case, it should generally be assumed that initial and boundary 

conditions do not change in the future. The use of altered initial or boundary conditions in the 

future year should be documented and justified. 30 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Boundary, Top Conditions 

One of the more difficult tasks of the modeling analysis was to determine a method to 

define the boundary and top conditions for the PM2.5 simulations. Three options were 

considered for the analysis: (1) assume clean conditions, (2) use the ozone modeling to 

generate concentration files at the PM2.5 grid boundary, or (3) use hemispheric or global 

chemistry model output to specify the boundaries. Option-3 with minor adjustments was 

selected for the attainment demonstration. 

The Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP) has been simulating hemispheric 

particulates with a focus on the western U.S. as part of the Regional Haze Rule 

demonstration using CAMx on a coarse grid extending into the Pacific Ocean. Model 

output from the WRAP analysis for model year 2002 was extracted and converted to 

develop hourly boundary conditions for the PM2.5 modeling analyses. For this analysis it 

is assumed that little uncertainty is introduced into the modeling using the 2002 boundary 

data. The WRAP modeling used CB-IV gaseous chemistry as does the Final 2007 AQMP 

PM2.5 CAMx modeling. The WRAP modeling was conducted on a Lambert Conformal 

grid and therefore specification of the boundary conditions required remapping to the 

UTM coordinate system. Additional vertical layer averaging and remapping to the PM2.5 

grid assumed that the concentration is uniform across each vertical layer. 

The boundary and top concentration input files for the PM model were created on a 

month by month basis. The files were derived by averaging the WRAP simulation 

concentrations at each boundary point, vertical layer for each hour of the day over the 

course of a month. The values of the various boundary species were averaged over the 

entire top of the modeling domain for every hour in a month to create the top 

concentration files. The CAMx top concentration file only uses one concentration value 

for the top of the model for the entire simulation. Table V-2-7 provides the representative 

results for February and August. Initial PM2.5 performance with the WRAP boundary 

conditions suggested that Sox concentrations along the western boundary in the shipping 

lanes were too low. A minimum concentration of 5 ppb SO2 was set for the southern 

boundary extending westward from the San Diego coast to approximately 20 km offshore 

after which the concentration was phased to a value less than 1 ppb at the extreme 

southwest corner of the modeling domain. A similar adjustment was made along the 

30 Guidance p. 154. 

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north-south boundary with SO2 being set at 5 ppb from the coast of Santa Barbara south 

to approximately 15 km offshore, again being reduced to less than 1 ppb at the southwest 

corner of the domain.31 

Future Boundary, Top and Initial Air Quality Conditions 

For the future year scenarios, the boundary, region top and ambient air quality 

concentrations were adjusted to reflect projected emissions reductions from the 2005 

base-year. 

Discussion 

EPA believes that the boundary and top conditions are appropriate for this application. 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP states that the future year initial and boundary conditions were 

adjusted, but does not discuss the methodology for this adjustment. The methodology should be 

discussed in the mid-course correction. 

7. Meteorological Model 

EPA Recommendations 

a. Meteorological Model Selection 

A description of the methods used to generate the meteorological fields should be 

included in the modeling protocol. In cases in which standard meteorological modeling (e.g., 

MM5, RAMS, or WRF in a retrospective analysis mode) is not used, it is recommended that a 

detailed description of the technique that is used to generate the three-dimensional 

meteorological fields be shared with the appropriate EPA regional office(s) prior to conducting 

the air quality modeling analysis. 32 

b. Meteorological Model Domain 

It is expected that most attainment demonstrations will cover large areas and use nested 

grids. The outermost grid should capture all upwind areas that can reasonably be expected to 

influence local concentrations of ozone, and/or . In terms of selecting an appropriate 

meteorological modeling domain, one should extend the grid 3 to 6 cells beyond the domains of 

each air quality modeling grid to avoid boundary effects. For example, if 4 km grid cells are to 

be used in the fine portion of a nested regional air quality model, then the meteorological fields 

at this detail would need to extend 12-24 km beyond the bounds of the 4 km grid used for air 

quality predictions. In terms of grid resolution, EPA recommends that the dynamic 

meteorological models use the same grid resolution as desired for the air quality model 

applications. In some cases, however, this may not always be feasible. One possible reason for 

modeling with meteorology using a different grid resolution is in the case of unacceptable model 

performance from the meteorological model at the desired grid resolution. In other instances, the 

31 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-17. 32 Guidance p. 161. 

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need for finer resolution may be emissions-driven more than meteorologically-driven and the 

costs do not warrant the generation of additional resolution in the meteorological data. In these 

specific situations it is recommended that the air quality model application use available results 

from meteorological models on the next coarser scale (i.e., 36 km for a desired 12 km estimate, 

12 km for a desired 4 km estimate). The coarse grid meteorological fields can be mapped to the 

more finely resolved air quality modeling domain. 

c. Data Assimilation 

As noted above, the use of FDDA helps to keep the model predictions from widely 

diverging from what was actually observed to occur at a particular point in time/space. However, 

if used improperly, FDDA can significantly degrade overall model performance and introduce 

computational artifacts (Tesche and McNally, 2001). Inappropriately strong nudging coefficients 

can distort the magnitude of the physical terms in the underlying atmospheric thermodynamic 

equations and result in "patchwork" meteorological fields with strong gradients between near-site 

grid cells and the remainder of the grid. Additionally, if specific meteorological features are 

expected to be important for predicting the location and amount of pollution formed, based on an 

area's conceptual model, then the meteorological modeling should be set up to ensure that FDDA 

does not prevent the model from forming these features (e.g. nocturnal low-level wind jets). In 

general, analysis nudging strengths should be no greater than 1.0 x 10-4 for winds and 

temperatures and 1.0 x 10-5 for humidity. In the case of observation nudging (i.e., FDDA based 

on individual observations as opposed to analysis fields), it is recommended that the resultant 

meteorological fields be examined to ensure that the results over the entire domain are still 

consistent. Further, based on past experience, we recommend against using FDDA below the 

boundary layer for thermodynamic variables like temperature and humidity because of the 

potential for spurious convection. If the dynamic model is applied without FDDA, it is suggested 

that the simulation durations be shorter than 24 hours. 

d. Meteorological Model Performance 

Operational Evaluation: The operational evaluation results should focus on the values and 

distributions of specific meteorological parameters as paired with and compared to observed 

data. It is recommended that the observation - model matching be paired as closely as possible in 

space and time. Typical statistical comparisons of the key meteorological parameters105 will 

include: comparisons of the means, mean bias, mean normalized bias, mean absolute error, mean 

absolute normalized error, root mean square error (systematic and unsystematic), and an index of 

agreement. For modeling exercises over large domains and entire ozone seasons or years, it is 

recommended that the operational evaluation be broken down into individual segments such as 

geographic subregions and/or months/seasons to allow for a more comprehensive assessment of 

the meteorological strengths and weaknesses.33 

33 Guidance p. 163-167. 

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South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The selection process for the meteorological model is discussed in the Model Protocol.34 

The models considered are listed in Table 3: Summary of Proposed 2007 AQMP Model 

Selection and Application.35 

South Coast 2007 AQMP Meteorological Modeling Approach 

The SCOS97 field study generated a dataset with a relatively high spatial density of 

meteorological observations. While this dataset suggests that an objective/diagnostic 

model could be adequate to develop the meteorological parameter fields required for air 

quality modeling of the August SCOS97 episode, there are large portions of the modeling 

domain—such as over the ocean or the inland desert—where there are few observations. 

The approach for the 2007 AQMP modeling will be to use the MM5 prognostic model 

with a 5 km grid resolution. The meteorological boundary conditions for MM5 are 

generated using the output from a Global Climate Model (GCM) with a relatively coarse 

grid of 45 km. The MM5 prognostic model uses more accurate and complete physics than 

the diagnostic models used previously. The MM5 has relatively good replication of 

meteorological features of the Basin, such as the coastal eddies, Santa Ana winds, 

recirculation, & strong inversions. The recent air quality models are designed to use 

inputs from the prognostic models, such as MM5, and the use of such a model is strongly 

encouraged by USEPA. In the past, the use of MM5 meteorological fields in air quality 

models has brought limited success in the prediction of peak ozone concentrations that 

result from extreme meteorological conditions and complex distribution of precursor 

emissions. However, the prediction of ozone with MM5 meteorological fields on most 

days is comparable to the results using other models. Since the air quality model will be 

employed in more of a relative sense for the 2007 AQMP, with the use of relative 

reduction factors instead of peak concentration comparisons, the MM5 is an appropriate 

choice for the AQMP modeling. The premise is that the magnitude of RRF will reflect 

the ozone concentration resulting from the various meteorological episode classifications. 

With the use of the MM5 meteorological model, the AQMP modeling effort will move 

closer to the “one atmosphere” air quality modeling perspective (i.e., ozone and fine 

particles simulated with the same model). The successful application of this prognostic 

model is critical for the development of multipollutant control strategies. Several MM5 

initialization fields and data ingest options are also being explored for the 2007 AQMP 

modeling effort:36 

• MM5 model initialized with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 12 km 

ETA/North American Model (NAM); 

• MM5 model with Aerospace Corp 3DVAR forecast fields; 

• Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) community model using Aerospace 

Corporation 3DVAR; 

• MM5 model with NCEP database of upper air and surface observations and the 

34 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3. 35 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p. 13. 36 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p. 24. 

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1degree by 1 degree Global Tropospheric Analysis 

• Above method of MM5 with NCEP database and Global Tropospheric Analysis and fourdimensional data assimilation (FDDA) of AQMD station meteorological data (this method is 

more mass consistent, but may be difficult to capture localized wind impacts (e.g., transport to 

San Fernando Valley); 

• Hybrid CALMET with MM5 as background field 

Meteorological Modeling Domain 

Nested domains of 15 km and 5 km are defined within MM5 to simulate meteorological 

fields for the fine grid scale of the modeling domain. The modeling domain for MM5 is 

defined in a Lambert-Conformal projection with two parallels to account for curvature of 

the Earth within the modeling domain over such a large region. Figure 1 shows the nested 

MM5 domains. Figure 2 shows the finest scale (interior) MM5 domain, covering most of 

southern California. The vertical structure of MM5 is defined in a terrain-following, 

“sigma” coordinate system based upon a normalized pressure index. The 30 vertical 

layers defined for MM5 to approximately 15,000 m above ground level (AGL) can be 

transformed to fit the requirements of any air quality model. The MM5 meteorological 

fields are converted from Lambert-Conformal projection to UTM coordinates for input 

into the air quality models. 

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Figure 1: Nested MM5 Domains37 

The horizontal grid resolution of the outermost domain is 45 km, for the middle domain is 15 

km, and for the fine scale domain is 5 km. 

Vertical Resolution 

For the terrain-following MM5 model, the proposed vertical layer consists of 34 layers to 

a height of over 15,000 meters AGL,(as shown in Table 6, Vertical Structures for the 

CAMx Ozone and PM Simulations with Corresponding MM5 Meteorological Model 

Layers, below). For input into the air quality model, the 34 layers are reduced to match 

the vertical resolution of the ozone or particulate matter air quality.

38 

37 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p. 30. 38 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3, p. 33. 

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP indicates that Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses for the 

meteorological modeling have been performed.39 

Discussion 

EPA believes the meteorological model choice, domain, horizontal resolution and vertical 

resolution are appropriate for this application. The South Coast 2007 AQMP discusses 

39 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, Attachment 3. p. 52 

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for the meteorological modeling. The results of the 

analysis should be included in the mid- course correction. 

8. Air Quality Model Performance 

EPA Recommendations 

PM2.5 consists of many components and is typically measured with a 24-hour averaging 

time. The individual components of PM2.5 should be evaluated individually. In fact, it is more 

important to evaluate the components of PM2.5 than to evaluate total PM2.5 itself. Apparent “good 

performance” for total PM2.5 does not indicate whether modeled PM2.5 is predicted for “the right 

reasons” (the proper mix of components). If performance of the major components is good, then 

performance for total PM2.5 should also be good. This section contains some analyses that have 

been found to be particularly useful for PM analyses (such as fractional bias and error). We also 

show examples of some new types of display plots such as “soccer plots” and “bugle plots”. 

Soccer plots provide a convenient way to display a summary of model performance (including 

bias and error at the same time). Bugle plots have variable bias and error goals, based on ambient 

concentrations. This allows for a higher percentage error and bias at very low concentrations. 

This recognizes the fact that models often have difficulty in accurately predicting near 

background concentrations. It may be useful to prioritize examination of model performance 

within and near the non-attainment area(s) of interest. Additionally, priority may be placed on 

examination of the days that are potentially used in the attainment test (the days > 65 ug/m3 for 

24-hour PM2.5). 

Statistics: We recommend calculating statistics for components of PM2.5, and PM precursors. 

Useful metrics include mean fractional bias and mean fractional error, normalized mean bias, 

and normalized mean error. Formulas for estimating these metrics at an individual monitoring 

site, j, are given in the Guidance. 40 Other statistics such as mean bias, mean error, root mean 

square error, correlation coefficients, etc. should also be calculated to the extent that they provide 

meaningful information and defined in Appendix A of the Guidance. Appendix B provides a 

summary of recent model performance evaluations conducted by other modeling groups. 

• Mean Fractional Bias (percent): Normalized bias can become very large when a minimum 

threshold is not used. Fractional bias is used as a substitute. The fractional bias for cases with 

factors of 2 under- and over-prediction are -67 and + 67 percent, respectively (as opposed to -50 

and +100 percent, when using normalized bias).Fractional bias is a useful indicator because it 

has the advantage of equally weighting positive and negative bias estimates. The single largest 

disadvantage is that the predicted concentration is found in both the numerator and denominator. 

• Mean Fractional Error (percent): Normalized error can become very large when a minimum 

threshold is not used. Therefore fractional error is used as a substitute. It is similar to the 

fractional bias except the absolute value of the difference is used so that the error is always 

positive. 

40 Guidance p. 202-207. 

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• Normalized Mean Bias (percent): This performance statistic is used as a normalization to 

facilitate a range of concentration magnitudes. This statistic averages the difference (model - 

observed) over the sum of observed values. Normalized mean bias is a useful model performance 

indicator because it avoids over inflating the observed range of values. 

• Normalized Mean Error (percent): This performance statistic is used as a normalization of 

the mean error to facilitate a range of concentration magnitudes. This statistic averages the 

difference (model - observed) over the sum of observed values. Normalized mean error is a 

useful model performance indicator because it avoids overinflating the observed range of values. 

Averaging Times: Since modeling for the PM2.5 NAAQS and regional haze will likely require 

modeling different times of year, season-specific statistics and graphic displays are helpful for 

evaluating and diagnosing model performance. Statistics and graphics can be averaged for 

various time scales. For example, statistical metrics and scatter plots can show daily averaged 

ambient modeled pairs, monthly averaged pairs, quarterly (or seasonal averaged) pairs, or annual 

average pairs. Each of these averaging times can provide useful information. We recommend a 

range of different averaging times for annual or seasonal modeling. At a minimum, States should 

examine daily averaged pairs and seasonal (or quarterly) averaged pairs. It should be noted that 

statistics and plots tend to look “better” as the averaging time increases from daily to monthly to 

quarterly to annual. As such, daily pairs should always be examined to ensure a detailed look at 

model performance on the time scale of the FRM and STN measurements (24-hour average). 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Model Performance Statistics are presented in the South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, pages 

V-2-26 through V-2-47 and in Appendix V, Attachment 2. A summary of the air quality model 

performance is presented below. 

PM2.5 Component Species Performance Evaluation for the MATES-III Sites 

In general, nitrate and ammonium tend to be over predicted by an average 2 μg/m3 or less 

at most sites. Ammonium model performance at Rubidoux and Fontana are 

approximately within 35 percent of observations and within 20 percent or less for nitrate. 

On average, sulfate is nominally under-predicted however; OC and EC are well simulated 

at all stations. Model performance for the crustal-others category indicates an average 

over-prediction of about 1 μg/m3 or 25 percent above observations. Overall, the 

prediction of total mass reflects the model performance for ammonium, nitrate and the 

others with a tendency for over-prediction at about an average level of 4 μg/m3 or 

approximately 20 percent above observations. 

41 

41 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-25. 

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Table V-2-11b: CAMx 2005 Base Year Nitrate Model Predictions (μg/m3) 

Table V-2-11g: CAMx 2005 Base Year Total Mass Model Predictions (μg/m3) 

Annual Average SSI Mass Performance Evaluation 

In general, the 2005 base year simulations over-predict observed PM2.5 measurements by 

the FRM methodology. The over prediction is greatest in the western Basin, in particular 

metropolitan Los Angeles County. Over prediction in the San Gabriel Valley and eastern 

Basin is within 60 percent of observations (with the exception of Big Bear Lake which is 

significantly under-predicted.) Southern Orange County, Ventura County and the 

northern desert stations are reasonably well simulated.42 

42 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, V-2-47. 

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Table V-2-12: CAMx Predicted and FRM Observed 2005 Base-Year Annual Average 

PM2.5 

43 

Discussion 

EPA believes that model performance was adequate. 

9. Modeled Attainment Test 

a. PM2.5 Annual NAAQS 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

SMAT Annual PM2.5 Attainment Demonstration 

As previously outlined, the SMAT is conducted on a quarterly basis using the CAMx 

model output for the six species from the 2005 base-year and the 2014 controlled 

emissions. Quarterly RRFs determined from the modeling are applied to the MATESIII/Sandwich modified quarterly design value component species. Bonded water is 

calculated from the concentrations of ammonium, nitrate and sulfate using the AIM 

polynomial regression equation. Bonded water is not directly reduced by an RRF but is 

recalculated after applying the RRFs to the ammonium, sulfate and nitrate. Finally, the 

blank is added to the mass. Tables V-2-15a through V-2-15c provide the 2014 baseline 

PM2.5 air quality at the eight key sites, the predicted PM2.5 based on the CARB emissions 

reduction plan and the estimation of the 2015 controlled annual average PM2.5 adding the 

District’s emissions reduction overlay to the CARB plan. Without implementing any 

additional controls, PM2.5 concentrations at the key sites will not meet the federal 

standard by 2015. Regional concentrations of PM2.5 will be lower with implementation 

of the CARB plan however the maximum predicted PM2.5 concentration, will continue to 

43 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-47. 

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exceed the federal standard by approximately four (4) percent. With implementation of 

the District overlay to the CARB plan, all stations will meet the federal standard of 15.0 

μg/m3. The PM2.5 annual attainment demonstration calculations using the SMAT and 

RRFs are provided in Tables V-A- 1a through V-A-1h in Attachment A. 44 

2014 Predicted Baseline PM2.5 

45 

2014 Predicted PM2.5 with CARB Measures 

2014 Predicted PM2.5 with CARB Measures and District Overlay 

44 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-52. 45 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-53. 

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b. 24 Hour NAAQS 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The 2007 AQMP 2005 Basin maximum design value (64.8 μg/m3) meets the federal 24­

hour average PM2.5 standard of 65 μg/m3. The SMAT for the 24-hour standard is 

presented to assure that the PM2.5 episodic levels continue to lower and that the Basin 

continues to meet the standard in 2015 and beyond. Six methods are discussed in the 

2007 AQMP and applied to the Sandwich modified MATES-III quarterly design values 

and episodic PM2.5 data to quantify future year PM2.5 reductions. 46 

Episodic 24-Hr Average PM2.5 Modeling Approach 

Per our PM2.5 guidance, two options are provided to determine RRFs for the future year 

24- hour average PM2.5 attainment demonstration. The first option uses episodic 

modeling with day-specific emissions for representative meteorological episodes to 

calculate RRFs and apply the RRF to the design value. The second approach proposed by 

EPA relies on an average response to implementation of emissions control for the top 25 

percentile of days in each quarter of the annual model simulation. The maximum 24-hour 

PM2.5 design value (based on 2003-2005 data) for the Basin (64.8 μg/m3) meets the 

current federal standard. Of great interest is how will the 24- hour PM2.5 concentration 

fare compared to the new standard of 35 μg/m3 when that standard become effective in 

2010. On the basis of our initial simulations and analysis, the District staff feels that the 

future design calculation based on the top 25 percentile day, quarterly is more 

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conservative than the episodic modeling. AQMD recommends the use of the 25 

percentile approach. 47 

Episodic Simulations 

The first approach to determine future year 24-hour maximum or 98th percentile PM2.5 

impacts relied on the simulation of one or more representative peak PM2.5 episodes where 

observed concentrations exceed 65 μg/m3. The peak PM2.5 24-hour average concentration 

observed in the Basin during the 2005 MATES-III monitoring program (110 μg/m3 at 

Rubidoux) occurred on October 22, 2005. Episode specific emissions for the peak and 

preceding days were temperature and humidity corrected and MM5/FDDA simulations 

were generated to provide the meteorological input. 48 

Quarterly Top 25 Percentile 

For this approach, the 2005 observational data are sorted by quarter of year and further 

into the top 25 percent of days in each quarter. PM2.5 RRFs are calculated on a quarterly 

basis from the future and base year annual simulations for only those days in the top 25 

percentile per quarter. The quarterly RRFs for the “top 25 percent days” are then applied 

to the quarterly 24-hour average PM2.5 design values to develop quarterly future year 

design values which are later aggregated into an annual 24-hour future year design value 

to assess attainment. (The measured quarterly 24-hour average PM2.5 design values were 

comprised of the 98th percentile data in each quarter for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005). 

Several variations of the episodic and quarterly top 25 percentile future year calculations 

were conducted and are presented and discussed in Chapter 2. 49 

Table V-2-16: Summary of Methodologies to Calculate 2015 24-Hour Average Design Value 

(μg/m3)50 presents the results of the six tests at eight sites in the basin. The maximum value for 

any monitoring site for any method is 56.6 μg/m3 at Compton. All of the tests demonstrate 

continued attainment of the 24-hour average PM2.5 standard of 65 μg/m3 in 2015. 

47 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-9. 48 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-9. 49 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-1-9. 50 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-58. 

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c. Unmonitored area analysis 

EPA Recommendations 

An additional review is necessary, particularly in nonattainment areas where the ozone or 

PM2.5 monitoring network just meets or minimally exceeds the size of the network required to 

report data to Air Quality System (AQS). This review is intended to ensure that a control strategy 

leads to reductions in ozone or PM2.5 at other locations which could have baseline (and future) 

design values exceeding the NAAQS were a monitor deployed there. The test is called an 

“unmonitored area analysis”. The purpose of the analysis is to use a combination of model output 

and ambient data to identify areas that might exceed the NAAQS if monitors were located there. 

The unmonitored area analysis should identify areas where future year design values are 

predicted to be greater than the NAAQS. The unmonitored area analysis for a particular 

nonattainment area is intended to address potential problems within or near that nonattainment 

area. The analysis should include, at a minimum, all nonattainment counties and counties 

surrounding the nonattainment area (located within the State). In order to examine unmonitored 

areas in all portions of the domain, it is recommended to use interpolated spatial fields of 

ambient data combined with gridded modeled outputs. 51 

Gradient adjusted spatial fields are first created for the base year. Future year estimates can then 

be created by applying gridded RRFs to the gradient adjusted spatial fields. The basic steps are 

as follows: 

51 Guidance p. 30. 

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1) Interpolate base year ambient data to create a set of spatial fields. 

2) Adjust the spatial fields using gridded model output gradients (base year values). 

3) Apply gridded model RRFs to the gradient adjusted spatial fields. 

4) Determine if any unmonitored areas are predicted to exceed the NAAQS in the future. 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

2015 CAMx Grid-Cell Evaluation 

Figure V-2-15 presents the grid cell extrapolated of 2005 PM2.5 annual design values. 

Only grid cells over the federal standard are darkened. Extrapolation was based on distance 

weighted interpolation scheme using design values from sites inside and outside the Basin to 

enhance the spatial representation. The pattern depicted by the grid cell design display closely 

matches the pattern of annual average PM2.5 presented in Figure V-2-3, in the AQMP. 

Using a similar interpolation scheme, the relative percentage contributions of the six 

component species at the eight MATES-III sites was extrapolated to each cell in the basin. 

Predicted 2015 PM2.5 concentrations at the grid cell level (without using multi-cell averaging) 

was estimated each grid cell by multiplying the speciated RRFs from the CAMx simulations by 

the relative percentage concentrations of the six components contributing to the grid cell mass 

and the interpolated grid cell design value. Figure V-2-16 presents the 2015 baseline distribution. 

PM2.5 levels will be reduced regionally with implementing additional control measure however, 

almost 60 percent of the population of the Basin will continue to breathe air quality above the 

federal standard. With the Final South Coast 2007 AQMP control strategy in place no cells in the 

South Coast PM2.5 nonattainment area will be above the federal standard. 52 

Discussion 

EPA believes the 2015 CAMx Grid-Cell Evaluation analysis adequately addresses the 

EPA’s recommendation to perform a test to ensure that a control strategy leads to reductions in 

PM2.5 at other locations which could have baseline (and future) design values exceeding the 

NAAQS were a monitor deployed there. 

d. Attainment Date Extension 

South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Under the federal Clean Air Act, the Basin must comply with the federal PM2.5 air quality 

standards by April, 2010 [Section 172(a)(2)(A)]. An extension of up-to five years could 

be granted if attainment cannot be demonstrated and several other conditions are 

satisfied. A simulation of 2010 annual average PM2.5 was conducted to substantiate the 

severity of the PM2.5 problem in the Basin. The simulation used the projected emissions 

for 2009 which included all existing and adopted control measures that will be 

implemented prior to 2010. The resulting 2010 future-year design value (17.9 μg/m3) 

failed to meet the federal standard. As a consequence and as indicated in Chapter 1, the 

52 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V- 2-54, V-2-55 

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District is formally requesting U.S. EPA to grant the five-year extension based upon the 

severity of the problem and the modeled attainment demonstration that clearly indicates 

that significant reductions in daily emissions of PM2.5, NOx, VOC and SOx are required 

to meet the 2015 attainment date.53 

Discussion 

EPA believes that the South Coast 2007 AQMP modeling provided in the 2007 AQMP is 

adequate to support the District’s conclusion that the annual PM2.5 standard will not be met in 

2010. 

9. Weight of Evidence 

EPA Recommendations 

States/Tribes should always perform complementary analyses of air quality, emissions 

and meteorological data, and consider modeling outputs other than the results of the attainment 

test. Such analyses are instrumental in guiding the conduct of an air quality modeling 

application. Sometimes, the results of corroboratory analyses may be used in a weight of 

evidence determination to show that attainment is likely despite modeled results which may be 

inconclusive. The further the attainment test is from being passed, the more compelling contrary 

evidence produced by corroboratory analyses must be to draw a conclusion differing from that 

implied by the modeled attainment test results.54 

53 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-48. 54 Guidance p. 17. 

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Discussion 

The modeled attainment test predicted a 2014 annual concentration of 15.0 μg/m3 

Rubidoux.

55 Based on the table, Guidelines for a Weight of Evidence Determination, above, a 

weight of evidence determination is recommended to determine if additional analyses support the 

modeled attainment test. EPA guidance lists three types of analyses that are recommended for 

this demonstration: 1) additional modeling, 2) analyses of trends in ambient air quality and 

emissions, and 3) observational models and diagnostic analyses.56 The consistent improvement 

in ambient PM2.5 concentrations throughout the South Coast air basin and the expected 

continuing emissions decreases that are described in the South Cast Plan both indicate that the 

modeled attainment test results are reasonable. 

Suggestions for the mid-course correction WOE: trends in ambient air quality and emissions 

While the weight of evidence from the South Coast AQMP supports the air quality 

modeling, which indicates the basin will attain the annual PM2.5 standard by 2015, the upcoming 

mid course review of this plan provides an opportunity for the District to update the analyses, 

and provide new data. EPA encourages the District to consider the following suggestions of 

issues to address in the weight of evidence portion of the upcoming mid course review. 

For the analyses of trends in ambient air quality and emissions to more accurately reflect 

changes due to air quality management efforts, ambient air quality concentrations should be 

adjusted for meteorology, changes in actual emissions for the area should be reflected yearly, and 

the trend should be evaluated in light of a strong conceptual model of how PM2.5 is formed in the 

area. 57 While it is difficult to achieve a quantifiable normalization of the ambient data for 

meteorology, the trends discussion in the weight of evidence, for the mid-course correction, 

should include a qualitative discussion of expected effects of observed meteorology trends or 

abnormalities on the observed ambient PM2.5 concentration. 

For emissions, the District states that the emissions reductions expected from 2005 to 

2014 are consistent with the reductions observed from 2002 to 2005. 58 Additional discussion 

regarding the size and location of the emission reductions observed from 2002 to 2005 should be 

included in the mid-course correction. The District argues that given these expected continuing 

emissions reductions, and the observed trend at four monitoring stations of 4.5 percent annual 

improvement rate, the basin is projected to reach attainment by 2015. 59 For the mid-course 

correction, it would strengthen this argument to use the conceptual model to discuss why these 

sites are expected to be representative of the basin, and if different trends have been observed at 

other stations. Also, more complete information about where emission reductions where the 

emission reductions are expected to occur in the basin from 2005 to 2014 in relation to these 

sites should be included in the mid-course correction. The WOE for the mid-course correction 

should clarify how the average percent reductions in ambient concentrations and emissions were 

55 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-53. 

57 Guidance p. 102. 58 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-60-61. 59 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-60-61. 

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calculated including which years were averaged and which sources were included. Also, a 

comparison could be made between the expected emissions reductions and observed emission 

reductions to date for the basin. The District should provide an update of the conceptual model 

that indicates whether the assumptions about the representative sites or relationships between 

emissions and trends are still valid. 

The WOE in the South Coast 2007 AQMP also discusses population and industrial 

growth and re-distribution, as well as port control strategy and CARB measures.60 The WOE for 

the mid-course correction should provide a qualitative argument, as part of the conceptual model 

of PM2.5 in the basin, how these changes result in changes in precursor and direct PM2.5 

emissions, and therefore the spatial distribution of or trend in PM2.5 concentration in the basin. 

This discussion should include specifics related to the monitoring sites chosen to evaluate the 

observed trend. 

Data from 2006 to 2009 reflect a smaller annual rate of improvement of ambient PM2.5 

concentration than the observed rate from 1999 through 2006, as show in the table below. Note 

that only sites with complete data are presented in the table. For the mid-course correction 

WOE, the District should evaluate this change both in terms of reasons why the improvement has 

slowed, but also if it is expected to affect the attainment date. 

60 South Coast 2007 AQMP, Appendix V, p. V-2-59. 

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Annual PM2.5 design value for SCAQMD Sites (μg/m3) 

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I-710 Air Monitoring Study 

The District conducted the I-710 Air Monitoring Study to investigate near roadway 

concentrations, understand trends for future control strategies, validate dispersion models, and 

understand community exposures in near roadway environments. To meet these objectives, 

SCAQMD conducted daily monitoring PM2.5 mass using federal reference methods (FRM) 

during approximately one month in the winter (February –March 2009) and approximately one 

month during the summer (July – August 2009) at three sites. 

The sites were 15m and 80m downwind of the freeway and several miles upwind of the 

freeway (as a background measurement). During the two month-long intensive study periods, the 

District also performed twenty-four-hour filter measurements of TSP lead, PM10 mass, elemental 

carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM10 every other day. VOC Air Toxics were measured 

in four intervals starting at 5 a.m. (4, 6, 4, and 10-hr intervals) every other day and continuous 

measurements of ultrafine particle number (UFP), black carbon (BC), PM2.5mass (non-federal 

equivalent method (FEM)), NOx, and meteorological parameters were also conducted. 

Preliminary results from the study indicate that during the winter monitoring period, and 

PM2.5 values at the 15 meter, 80 meter, and N Long Beach (background) sites were12.6 μg/m3, 

11.5 μg/m3, and 9.59 μg/m3, respectively. During the summer monitoring period, and PM2.5 

values at the 15 meter, 80 meter, and N Long Beach (background) sites were 15.2 μg/m3, 14.0 

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μg/m3, and 12.7 μg/m3, respectively. These preliminary results in the presentation 

“Preliminary Results from the AQMD I-710 Air Monitoring Study,” which is available at: 

http://www.metro.net/projects_studies/I710/images/AQMD-I-710-Air-Monitoring-Study-toCAC-February-2010.pdf 

Final study results are expected to be available by January 2011. It is important to note 

that the duration of the study was shorter than what is required to show NAAQS attainment and 

is therefore not able to be a direct estimate of the expected value in a near-roadway environment. 

However, the study area includes the most congested highway in the South Coast basin, and 

therefore, the results likely provide a worst case scenario and do show an incremental decrease in 

PM2.5 concentrations with distance to roadways. SCAQMD continues to monitor BC and NOx 

at the 15m site to learn more about the interplay between air quality, meteorology and traffic 

emissions in the complex near-roadway environment. 

The current 24-hour PM2.5 design value for the South Coast Air Basin is 49 μg/m3. The 

maximum modeled future year value of 24 hour PM2.5 NAAQS in the South Coast Basin, 

discussed above, is 56.6 μg/m3 at Compton61. Based on current monitored and future modeled 

data, EPA believes the 24 hour PM2.5 mass will continue to be well below 65 μg/m3. 

The District’s I-710 Air Monitoring Study will be available at the time of the submittal of the 

mid- course review. The data should be discussed as part of the weight of evidence discussion 

for the mid-course review. 

10. Conclusion 

The modeling used for the attainment demonstration was made available to the public for 

comment at the same time as the draft 2007 PM2.5 plan, and was subject to public hearing as part 

of final version of the Plan. 

 The air quality modeling documentation in Appendix V of the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

contains all the elements required by EPA’s modeling guidance. The modeling is based on the 

best and most current information available at the time the South Coast 2007 AQMP was 

developed. Based on our evaluation, discussed above, we propose to find that the modeling 

analysis used for the attainment demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP for attainment of 

the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS meets the CAA section 172(c)(1) requirement that the plan “shall 

provide for attainment of the national primary ambient air quality standards” at the time of their 

submittal in 2007, and that the modeling in the South Coast 2007 AQMP provides an adequate 

basis for the PM2.5 reasonably available control measure, reasonable further progress, and 

attainment demonstrations in the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

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C. PM2.5 Attainment Plan Precursors 

1. Requirements for the Control of PM2.5 Precursors 

EPA recognizes NOx , SO2,VOC, and ammonia as the main precursor gases associated 

with the formation of secondary PM2.5 in the ambient air. These gas-phase precursors undergo 

chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form secondary particulate matter. Formation of 

secondary PM2.5 depends on numerous factors including the concentrations of precursors; the 

concentrations of other gaseous reactive species; atmospheric conditions including solar 

radiation, temperature, and relative humidity (RH); and the interactions of precursors with 

preexisting particles and with cloud or fog droplets. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20589. 

EPA recognizes NOx , SO2,VOC, and ammonia as precursors of PM2.5 because these 

pollutants can contribute to the formation of PM2.5 in the ambient air. As discussed previously, 

states must include each in their submitted emissions inventory in order to assure the information 

on all pollutants and precursors that contribute to PM2.5 concentrations is available. 72 FR 20586 

(April 25, 2007), at 20589 and 40 CFR § 51.1008(a)(1). However, the overall contribution of 

different precursors to PM2.5 formation, and the effectiveness of alternative potential control 

measures, will vary by location. Thus, the precursors a state should regulate for attaining the 

PM2.5 NAAQS will also vary to some extent from area to area.72 FR 20586, at 20589. 

In the PM2.5 implementation rule, EPA did not make a finding that all potential PM2.5 

precursors must be controlled in each specific nonattainment area. See 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 

2007), at 20589. Instead, for reasons explained in the rule, a state must evaluate control 

measures for sources of SO2 in addition to sources of direct PM2.5 in all nonattainment areas. 40 

CFR § 51.1002(c) and (c)(1). A state must also evaluate control measures for sources of NOx 

unless the state and/or EPA determine that controls on sources of NOx emissions would not 

significantly reduce PM2.5 concentrations in the specific nonattainment area. 40 CFR § 

51.1002(c)(2). By contrast, EPA has determined in the PM2.5 implementation rule that a state 

does not need to address controls for sources of VOC and ammonia unless the state and/or EPA 

make a technical demonstration that such controls would significantly contribute to reducing 

PM2.5 concentrations in the nonattainment area. 40 CFR §51.1002(c)(3) and (4). Such a 

demonstration is required “if the administrative record related to the development of its SIP 

shows that the presumption is not technically justified for that area.” 40 CFR § 51.1002(c)(5) 

“Significant contributor” in this context means that a significant reduction in emissions of 

the precursor from sources in the area would be projected to provide a significant reduction in 

PM2.5 concentrations in the nonattainment area. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20590. 

Although EPA did not establish a quantitative test for determining the significance of such a 

change, EPA noted that even relatively small reductions in PM2.5 concentrations are estimated to 

result in worthwhile public health benefits. Id. 

Starting in 2011, states must also address condensable particulate matter (CPM), 

including estimates of CPM in emissions inventories, modeling, and control strategies. 

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2. Identification of PM2.5 Attainment Plan Precursors in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The 2007 South coast AQMP does not explicitly identify the pollutants that have been 

selected as “PM2.5 attainment plan precursors as defined in and 40 CFR § 51.1000. The plan 

addresses NOx, direct PM2.5, SOx, and VOC in the RFP and attainment demonstrations and the 

District’s RACM/RACT analysis and thereby implicitly identifies NOx, SOx, and VOC as 

attainment plan precursors. The South Coast PM2.5 attainment demonstration addresses 

ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate since they represent a dominant fraction of PM2.5 

components and are formed through secondary reactions of the precursors NOx, SOx, and 

ammonia. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are controlled through the control of NOx 

and SOx as precursors. 

In the South Coast Air Basin, PM2.5 can be directly emitted, such as from road dust, 

diesel soot, combustion products, and other sources (“primary particles”), or formed through 

atmospheric chemical reactions of precursor gases (“secondary particles”). Examples of 

secondary particles include sulfates, nitrates, and complex carbon compounds formed from 

reactions of NOx, SOx, VOCs, and ammonia. The District’s analysis indicates that SOx 

reductions followed by directly-emitted PM2.5 and NOx reductions provide the greatest ambient 

PM2.5 reductions. VOC reductions can also contribute to improving ambient PM2.5 concentrations 

and will occur concurrently as a result of the District’s 8-hour ozone strategy.62 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

EPA concurs with the evaluation in the South Coast 2007 AQMP that controls on direct 

PM2.5, NOx, SOx and VOC are effective pollutants and precursors to control for reaching 

attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 

62 South Coast 2007 AQMP, page 5-17. 

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D. Reasonably Available Control Measures/Reasonably Available Control 

Technology 

1. Requirements for RACM/RACT 

CAA section 172(c)(1) requires that each attainment plan “provide for the 

implementation of all reasonably available control measures as expeditiously as practicable 

(including such reductions in emissions from existing sources in the area as may be obtained 

through the adoption, at a minimum, of reasonably available control technology [RACT]), and 

shall provide for attainment of the national primary ambient air quality standards.” 

We interpret reasonably available control measures (RACM) in these provisions as 

referring to measures of any type that may be applicable to a wide range of sources, whereas the 

parenthetical reference to reasonably available control technology (RACT) refers to measures 

applicable to stationary sources. Thus, RACT is a type of RACM specifically designed for 

stationary sources. 72 FR 20586 at 20610. 

EPA defines RACM as any potential control measure for application to point, area, onroad and non-road emissions source categories that meets the following criteria: the control 

measure is (1) technologically feasible, (2) economically feasible, (3) does not cause “substantial 

widespread and long-term adverse impacts”, (4) is not “absurd, unenforceable, or impracticable”, 

and (5) collectively can advance the attainment date by at least one year. 72 FR 20586 at 20610 

We define RACT as the lowest emission limitation that a particular stationary source is capable 

of meeting by the application of technology (i.e., devices, systems, process modifications, or 

other apparatus or techniques that reduce air pollution) that is reasonably available considering 

technological and economic feasibility. 72 FR 20586 at 20610. 

For PM2.5 attainment plans, EPA is requiring a combined approach to RACM and RACT 

under subpart 1 of Part D of the CAA. Under this approach, RACM/RACT are measures that a 

state finds are both reasonably available and contribute to attainment as expeditiously as 

practicable in its nonattainment area. Thus, what constitutes RACM/RACT in a PM2.5 

attainment plan is closely tied to that plan’s expeditious attainment demonstration.40 CFR § 

51.1010; 72 FR 20586 at 20612. By definition, measures that are neither necessary for meeting 

the RFP requirement nor help an area attain the NAAQS as expeditiously as practicable are not 

required RACM/RACT. A state’s attainment plan must include a list of measures considered 

and information sufficient to show that a state has met all requirements for determination of 

RACM/RACT. 72 FR 20586 at 20612. A state must evaluate RACM/RACT for each identified 

PM2.5 attainment plan precursor. 

Under this combined approach, EPA considers RACT be part of an area's overall RACM 

obligation. Subpart 1, unlike subparts 2 and 4 of title 1, Part D of the CAA, does not identify 

specific source categories for which EPA must issue control technology documents or guidelines 

or identify specific source categories for state evaluation during attainment plan development. 72 

FR 20586 at 20610. Because of the variable nature of the PM2.5 problem between nonattainment 

areas, which may require states to develop attainment plans that address widely disparate 

circumstances, EPA determined that a state should have flexibility with respect to RACT and 

RACM controls but also that in areas needing significant emission reductions to attain the PM2.5 

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standards, RACM/RACT controls on smaller sources may be necessary to reach attainment as 

expeditiously as practicable. PM2.5 implementation rule preamble at 20612, 20615 

The determination of RACM/RACT is a three-step process: (1) identifying 

technologically and economically feasible measures and associated emissions reductions, (2) 

conducting air-quality modeling and related analyses, and (3) selecting RACM/RACT. 72 FR 

20586 at 20613. Any measures that are necessary to meet these requirements which are not 

already either federally promulgated, part of the state’s SIP, or otherwise creditable in SIPs must 

be submitted in enforceable form as part of a state’s attainment plan for the area. 72 FR 20586 at 

20614. 

The first step, identification of potential measures, should be based on an inventory of 

emissions of direct PM2.5 and PM2.5 attainment plan precursors from the range of relevant 

sources and source categories. 72 FR 20586 at 20613. A state is required to evaluate 

RACM/RACT for direct PM2.5 and SO2. A states is also required to evaluate RACM/RACT for 

NOx sources unless it finds that such sources do not significantly contribute to the PM2.5 levels in 

its nonattainment area. 72 FR 20586, at 20613. Significantly contribute in this context means 

that a significant change in emissions of the precursor from sources in the area would be 

projected to provide a significant change in PM2.5 concentrations in the area. 72 FR 20586 at 

20590. 

In the preamble to the PM2.5 implementation rule, EPA provided a recommended list of 

the types of source categories and control measures that may be appropriate for evaluation given 

the local source mix and attainment needs of a specific area 72 FR 20586 at 20621. 

Technological feasibility refers to whether there are available measures capable of 

reducing emissions of PM2.5 or PM2.5 precursors or both. A number of factors are considered in 

this analysis, such as process and operating conditions, raw materials, physical plant layout, nonair quality and energy impacts, and the time needed to install and operate controls. 72 FR 20586 

at 20618. 

Economic feasibility refers to whether the cost of a measure is reasonable for the source 

or source category. A number of factors are considered in this analysis, such as cost per ton of 

pollution reduced, capital costs and annualized cost. 72 FR 20586 at 20619. 

2. RACM/ACT Analysis in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP and the revised 2007 State Strategy are the latest in a 

series of air quality plans that the District and CARB have developed to provide for attainment of 

the federal air quality standards in the South Coast nonattainment area.63 These planning efforts 

have resulted in a comprehensive set of rules and programs that address the great majority of 

emissions in the South Coast nonattainment area. Many of these District and state rules are 

among the most stringent in the nation. 

63 These plans include the 2003 PM10 Plan (approved 70 FR 69081, November 10, 2005), the 2003 AQMP 

addressing the 1-Hour Ozone Standard (partially approved at 74 FR 10176, March 10, 2009, and the South Coast 

2007 AQMP portions that address the 1997 8-hour ozone standard (submitted November 28, 2007). 

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For the South Coast 2007 AQMP and the revised 2007 State Strategy, the District, CARB 

and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), the South Coast metropolitan 

planning organization (MPO) for the area, each undertook a process to identify and evaluate 

potential RACM that could contribute to expeditious attainment of the PM2.5 standards in the 

South Coast nonattainment area. We describe each agency’s efforts below. 

a. District RACM/RACT Analysis 

The District’s RACM/RACT analysis and its results are described in Chapter 6 and 

Appendix VI of the 2007 AQMP. The analysis focused on the stationary source and area source 

controls under direct jurisdiction of the District. Since the 1970s, the SCAQMD has adopted 

stationary source control rules that have resulted in significant improvement in air quality in the 

South Coast Air Basin. When command and control rules were no longer within the limitations 

of economic efficiency, the District began using economic inventive approaches with programs 

such as the Regional Clean Air Incentives Market (RECLAIM) and the Carl Moyer program. 

While the District still relies on command and control regulations, the District’s control 

strategies are now supplemented by market incentives and compliance flexibility approaches 

where appropriate. These regulations and strategies have yielded significant emissions reductions 

from sources under the District’s jurisdiction. In developing the South Coast 2007 AQMP, the 

District conducted a process to identify RACM for the South Coast which involved public 

meetings to solicit input, evaluation of EPA suggested RACM, and evaluation of other air 

agencies’ regulations. The District conducted a five step process which is described in detail 

below. 

Step 1 - AQMP Summit 

In June 2006, the District conducted a 2007 AQMP Summit. Over 125 attendees including 

experts from a variety of areas and the public provided input on new and innovative concepts to 

assist the District in attaining the ambient air quality standards for PM2.5 by 2015. In total, the 

District received about 200 control measure suggestions. In general, District staff was advised to 

1) promote electrification; 2) focus on technology that improves energy efficiency and protects 

global warming; 3) influence consumer awareness and choice on low- or zero-VOC products; 4) 

incentivize low- or zero-emission control technologies; 5) promote the use of remote sensing to 

detect high polluters, and 6) improve public participation and multi-agency collaboration. 

Step 2 - U.S. EPA Suggested List of Control Measures 

EPA published a list of suggested potential RACT and RACM for PM2.5 in the PM2.5 

Implementation Rule (see 72 FR 20586, April 25, 2007). As shown in Table 2 of Appendix VI, 

the District has developed control measures for each PM2.5 RACT and RACM provided by EPA 

in the PM2.5 Implementation Rule. 

Step 3 - RACT Revised by U.S. EPA in September 2006 

As required in CAA section 172(c)(1) the SIP for a nonattainment area must include 

RACM, which in turn must reflect RACT. EPA defines RACT as: 

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“the lowest emission limitation that a particular source is capable of meeting by the 

application of control technology that is reasonably available considering 

technological and economic feasibility”. 

Section 182(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act provides that States must revise their SIP to include 

RACT for VOC sources covered by a Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG) document issued by 

the U.S. EPA after November 15, 1990 and prior to the area’s date of attainment. The CAA 

requires the EPA to revise RACT, update existing CTG documents, or develop new documents, 

on a frequent basis to provide states and local agencies with most current technical 

information and assist them in determining RACT. In September 2006, EPA updated the CTGs 

for Offset Lithographic and Letterpress Printing, Flexible Packaging Printing, Industrial 

Cleaning Solvents, and Flat Wood Paneling Coatings 

The District compared the current requirements in its Rule 1104 – Wood 

Flat Stock Coating Operation (amended 8/13/99), Rule 1171 – Solvent Cleaning 

Operations (amended 7/14/06), and Rule 1130 – Graphics Arts (amended 10/8/99) 

with the requirements in the revised CTGs. Rule 1104 and Rule 1171 meet the 

stringency requirements in the CTGs; however, Rule 1130 does not meet the 

recommended alcohol content in fountain solution for sheet-fed presses and heat-set web 

presses. The District committed in the AQMP to make the necessary corrections in forthcoming 

rulemaking as part of Control Measure MCS-07 – Application of All Feasible Measures as 

shown in Table 3 of Appendix VI of the AQMP. 

Step 4 - Other Districts’ Current Rules and Regulations 

The District reviewed all rules and regulations recently adopted or amended, from 2000 

to 2006, by San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento, Ventura and San Francisco air districts, 

and compared the requirements in these rules with those in the South Coast. District 

staff selected these districts based on the severity of their classifications and near-term 

attainment dates. 

Table 3 in Appendix VI of the AQMP contains a brief description of the 82 source-specific 

rules that staff analyzed and a summary of other districts’ requirements, only if they were more 

stringent than the South Coast’s rules. In addition, Table 3 also includes a description of the 

control measures adopted by other agencies for their own 8-hour Ozone AQMP, and 

information on advanced technologies or U.S. EPA consent decrees that District staff is 

aware of that may result in additional emission reductions. In general, the District’s 

current rules and regulations are equivalent to or more stringent than those developed by 

other air districts, with a few exceptions shown in Table 3 where improvements are 

possible. Therefore, the District developed several control measures to address 

these areas, such as Control Measure MCS-01 – Facility Modernization, MCS-07 – 

Application of All Feasible Measures, and CMB-02 – Reduction of Emissions in RECLAIM. 

Table 3 in Appendix VI identifies these control measures. In general, the areas identified for 

potential improvements are to explore the feasibility of lowering emission limits and increasing 

level of control in order to promote cleaner technologies, lowering VOC content of 

coatings/solvents, establishing standards and test methods for generic control equipment, 

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lowering release or leak thresholds, encouraging continuous wireless monitoring, improving leak 

detection, repair, inspection and maintenance, and adding best management practices. 

With respect to technological and economic feasibility, the District assumed that 

technologies and measures which are available and cost-effective to implement in other 

air districts in California, would be available and cost-effective for use in the South 

Coast Basin in a timely manner. Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) is 

reevaluated every three years. The District refines emission inventory, emission reduction, and 

cost- effectiveness estimates as well as health benefits on an ongoing basis, especially during the 

rule development process. In addition, the District commits to monitor rule development in other 

air districts, and will conduct further study and reevaluate the feasibility of revising the 

requirements in existing rules if necessary. Instead of amending existing rules, new rules may be 

adopted to implement the control measures described in the South Coast 2007 AQMP in a more 

effective manner. Prioritization and schedules for adoption and implementation are discussed in 

Chapter 7 of the AQMP. 

Step 5 - Additional Studies and Analyses 

In addition to the above analyses, the District and SCAG have completed the following 

analyses to meet the RACM requirements of the CAA: 

• Evaluating control measures developed by other air districts for their air quality 

management plans as described in Appendix IV-A. 

• Specific costs and cost analyses of each SCAQMD’s stationary source and mobile source 

control measure, if available, are provided in Appendix IV-A and B. 

• The schedule for implementing the control measures is discussed in Chapter 7 of the 

AQMP, which demonstrates that the District will implement the control measures as 

expeditiously as practicable considering resources and budgets. 

• A SCAQMD 8-Hour Ozone RACT SIP Demonstration project was completed and 

forwarded to EPA in June 2006 for comment. The District concluded that 1) All 

SCAQMD rules to implement the 1-hour ozone SIP fulfill RACT for the 8-hour ozone SIP; 

2) All CTG sources and all major non-CTG sources in the Basin are subject to SIPapproved rules and therefore meet RACT requirements. EPA approved the South Coast 

RACT SIP for the 1997 8-hour ozone standard on December 18, 2008 at 73 FR 76947. 

District’s Conclusion Regarding RACM 

Following is the summary of the District’s findings: 

• The District evaluated and analyzed all reasonable control measures that were currently 

available for inclusion in the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

• The control measures in the South Coast 2007 AQMP included all RACM provided by the 

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public and experts. 

• The control measures in the South Coast 2007 AQMP included all RACT and RACM 

recommended by EPA in the PM2.5 Implementation Rule. 

• In general the District’s rules and regulations are equivalent to, or more stringent 

than, other districts’ rules and regulations and their proposed control measures in their 

respective SIPs. In several areas identified in Table 3 of Appendix VI of the AQMP, the 

existing source-specific rules may be amended to lower the emissions standards, promote 

cleaner technologies, add additional best management practices, and improve 

enforceability. District staff will monitor the rule development of other air districts, 

explore all feasibilities, and conduct further analyses to refine the emission inventory, 

emission reductions, and cost-effectiveness analysis. 

• The District developed 37 stationary source control measures that contained all measures 

included in other districts’ air quality management plans. In addition, the District 

developed many innovative stationary source control measures, such as MCS-01 – Facility 

Modernization, CTS-02 - Clean Coating Certification, MCS-07 – Application of All 

Feasible Measures, and FLX-01 – Economic Incentive Programs, that were not included in 

other districts’ air quality management plans. 

• The few available control measures that District staff did not include collectively would 

not advance the attainment date or contribute to RFP for the South Coast PM2. 

nonattainment area because of the insignificant or non-quantifiable amount of emission 

reductions that they would generate. 

• The RACM demonstration for transportation control measures (TCMs) is included in 

Appendix IV-C, and all mobile source control measures provided by CARB to SCAQMD 

are deemed RACM. 

b. Local Jurisdiction’s RACM Analysis 

The local jurisdiction’s RACM analysis was conducted by SCAG, the MPO for the Los 

Angeles region. This analysis, which focused on transportation control measures (TCMs), and its 

results are described in Appendix IV-C of the South Coast 2007 AQMP. TCMs are generally 

measures designed to reduce emissions from on-road motor vehicles through reductions in 

vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or traffic congestion. 

For the South Coast 2007 AQMP, the RACM demonstration for TCMs is included in 

Appendix IV-C, The TCMs in the South Coast 2007 AQMP are derived from TCM projects in 

the 2006 SCAG Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP). This evaluation, 

described beginning on page 49 of Appendix IV-C of the South Coast 2007 AQMP, resulted in 

extensive local government commitments to implement programs to reduce auto travel and 

improve traffic flow. South Coast 2007 AQMP page 6-6 and Appendix IV-C. SCAG also 

provided reasoned justifications for any measures that it did not adopt. Attachment A to 

Appendix IV-C contains an extensive list of TCMs in process and newly programmed TCMs. 

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The enforceable commitment from SCAG and the transportation agencies was to fund and 

implement projects in the first two years of the 2006 Regional Transportation Improvement 

Program (RTIP). 

c. State’s RACM Analysis 

CARB describes its proposed strategy to reduce emissions from sources within its 

jurisdiction – on- and off-road engines and vehicles, fuels, and consumer products- in Chapter 3 

of the 2007 State Strategy. CARB has unique authority under the CAA to adopt standards for 

most categories of on- and off-road engines and vehicles, subject in most instances to a waiver 

by EPA under CAA section 209. 

CARB developed this proposed strategy after an extensive public consultation process to 

identify potential SIP measures. It included a SIP Symposium in October 2006 and a workshop 

in November 2006 to discuss development of potential control concepts for meeting the federal 

8-hour ozone and PM2.5 standards.64 CARB made a draft of the 2007 State Strategy available for 

public review in April 2007 and then conducted a series of public workshops on the draft. On 

April 26, 2007, CARB staff released a revised draft of the Proposed State Strategy that 

incorporated changes based on further staff analysis and public comments. CARB Resolution 07­

28, p. 3. 

From this process, CARB identified and committed to propose 15 new defined measures. 

2007 State Strategy, p. 65 and CARB Resolution 07-28, Attachment B, p. 8. These measures 

focus on cleaning up the in-use (legacy) fleet as well as increasing the stringency of emission 

standards for a number of engine categories and further reductions from motor vehicle fuels and 

consumer products. Many if not most of these measures are being proposed and adopted for the 

first time anywhere in the nation. They build on CARB’s already comprehensive program to 

address emissions of direct PM2.5, NOx, and VOC from all types of mobile sources through both 

regulations and incentive programs, as well as from fuels and consumer products. See 2007 

State Strategy, p. 38. Table D-1 lists these measures and includes one additional measure each 

from the California Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR) and the California Department of 

Pesticide Regulation (DPR). 

64 More information on this public process including presentations from the workshops and symposium that 

preceded the adoption of the 2007 State Strategy can be found at 

www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/2007sip/2007sip.htm. 

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Table D-1 

2007 State Strategy Defined Measures Schedule for Consideration 

Defined State Measure Expected Adoption Year 

Smog Check Improvements 2007-2008 

Expanded Vehicle Retirement 2008-2014 

Modification to Reformulated Gasoline Program 2007 

Cleaner In-use Heavy Duty Trucks 2008 

Auxiliary Ship Cold Ironing and Clean Technologies 2007-2008 

Cleaner Main Ship Engines and Fuels 

Fuels: 2007 

Engines: 2009 

Port Truck Modernization 2007-2008 

Accelerated Introduction of Cleaner Line-Haul 

Locomotives (enforceable agreement) 2007-2008 

Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft 2007 

Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment 2007 

Clearer In-Use Agricultural Equipment 2009 

New Emissions Standards for Recreational Boats 2009-2010 

Expanded Off-Road Recreational Vehicle Emissions 

Standards 

By 2010 

Enhanced Vapor Recovery for Above Ground Storage 

Tanks 

2007 

Additional Evaporative Emissions Standards By 2010 

Consumer Products Program (I & II) 2007-2008 & 2010-2012 

Department of Pesticide Regulation rules 2008 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

Under the PM2.5 implementation rule, RACM/RACT are the set of measures necessary 

for expeditious attainment in a specific nonattainment area. The measures must address 

emissions of PM2.5 and all PM2.5 attainment plan precursors that are necessary for such 

expeditious attainment. Thus, in order for a PM2.5 plan to demonstrate that it provides for 

RACM/RACT, it must also demonstrate that it provides for expeditious attainment. 72 FR 20586 

at 20612-20623. 

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As discussed further below in section D.5., we are proposing to disapprove the PM2.5 

attainment demonstration for the South Coast PM2.5 nonattainment area because it relies too 

heavily on commitments to reduce emissions in lieu of fully adopted measures. Absent an 

approvable attainment demonstration, we are unable to propose to approve and must instead 

propose to disapprove the South Coast 2007 AQMP's RACM/RACT demonstration. 

It appears, however, that the District, State and local jurisdictions have identified and 

otherwise provided for the implementation of a comprehensive set of measures that are among 

the most stringent in the nation. Should the State correct the deficiencies in the attainment 

demonstration, we believe we would be able to approve the RACM/RACT demonstration in the 

South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

As discussed in section I.A.2.b., EPA received a petition for reconsideration of several 

provisions in the PM2.5 implementation rule including three provisions related to RACT. We 

describe each below and whether the provisions affects our proposed action on the 

RACM/RACT demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

1. The presumption that compliance with the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) satisfies the NOx 

and SO2 RACT requirements for electric generating units (EGUs). 72 FR 20586, at 20623-28. 

The South Coast nonattainment area was not subject to the CAIR, which was intended to 

control the interstate transport of pollutants in the eastern United States. See 70 FR 

26162 (May 12, 2005).65 

2. The allowance for states to defer establishing emission limits for condensable PM (CPM) 

until January 1, 2011. 72 FR 20586, at 20652 (codified at 40 CFR § 51.1002(c)). 

The District did not explicitly address CPM in its RACT evaluation. EPA will evaluate 

any rule adopted or revised after January 1, 2011 to assure that it appropriately addresses 

CPM. 

3. The revisions to the criteria for analyzing the economic feasibility of RACT from a 

presumption that a given source must bear a cost similar to other sources and to a consideration 

of whether the cost of a measure is reasonable for the regulated entity to bear, in light of benefits. 

72 FR 20586 at 20619-20620. 

While the South Coast 2007 AQMP includes some discussion of economic feasibility that seem 

to reflect the revised criteria in the PM2.5 implementation rule (see pp. IV-1), we can find no 

example of where those criteria actually resulted in the rejection of a potential RACT measure. 

65 EPA has recently proposed a replacement rule for CAIR in response to the remand of the rule by the Court of 

Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. See 75 FR 45210 (August 2, 2010). For more information, please see 

http://www.epa.gov/airquality/transport/index.html 

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E. Attainment Date Extension 

1. Requirements for Attainment Date Extensions 

CAA section 172(a)(2)(A) states that an area’s attainment date “shall be the date by 

which attainment can be achieved as expeditiously as practicable, but no later than 5 years from 

the date such area was designated nonattainment..., except that the Administrator may extend the 

attainment date to the extent the Administrator determines appropriate, for a period no greater 

than 10 years from the date of designation as nonattainment considering the severity of 

nonattainment and the availability and feasibility of pollution control measures.” 

Since PM2.5 designations have an effective date of April 5, 2005, the initial 5-year 

attainment date for PM2.5 areas is no later than April 5, 2010. For any areas that EPA grants the 

full 5-year attainment date extension under section 172(a), the attainment date is no later than 

April 5, 2015. 

Section 51.1004 of the PM2.5 implementation rule addresses the attainment date 

requirement. Section 51.1004(b) requires a state to submit an attainment demonstration justifying 

its proposed attainment date and indicates that EPA will approve an attainment date at the same 

time we approve the attainment demonstration. Thus, the selection of an attainment date is 

dependent upon an attainment demonstration showing expeditious attainment. 

A sate that requests an extension of the attainment date under CAA section 172(a)(2)(A) 

must provide sufficient information to show that attainment by the initial attainment date of April 

5, 2010 is impracticable due the severity of the nonattainment problem in the area and the lack of 

available control measures. It must also demonstrate that all local control measures that are 

reasonably available and technologically feasible for the area are being implemented to bring 

about expeditious attainment of the standard by the alternative attainment date for the area. The 

state’s plan will need to project the emissions reductions expected due to federal and state 

regulations and local measures such as RACT and RACM, and then conduct modeling to project 

the level of air quality improvement in accordance with EPA’s modeling guidance. EPA will not 

grant an extension of the attainment date for an area beyond the initial 5 years allowed by section 

172(a)(2)(A) if the state has not considered the implementation of all RACM and RACT local 

control measures for the area. 72 FR 20586, at 20601. 

2. Proposed Attainment Date in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The attainment demonstration and the District’s proposed attainment date are found in 

Chapter 5 of the plan and discussed in more detail in Appendix V. A discussion of the attainment 

date can be found on page V-2-48 of Appendix V. The Appendix states: 

A simulation of 2010 annual average PM2.5 was conducted to substantiate the 

severity of the PM2.5 problem in the Basin. The simulation used the projected 

emissions for 2009 which included all existing and adopted control measures that 

will be implemented prior to 2010. The resulting 2010 future-year design value 

(17.9 μg/m3) failed to meet the federal standard. 

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Based on this analysis for the annual standard, the District and CARB requested an 

attainment date extension to April 5, 2015 for both the annual and 24-hour PM2.5 standards. See 

SCAQMD Governing Board Resolution adopting the final South Coast 2007 AQMP, June 1, 

2007, p. 4 and 5, and CARB Resolution 07-41, page 8, September 27, 2007. 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP does not specifically address the most expeditious date for 

attaining the 24-hour PM.2.5 standard, although it does state that all monitoring sites in the 

nonattainment area will meet the 65 ug/m3 PM2.5 standard by 2015. South Coast 2007 AQMP, 

Appendix V, page V-2-48. 

3. Evaluation and Conclusions 

The South Coast nonattainment area’s degree of PM2.5 nonattainment can fairly be 

characterized as severe. The area records some of the highest annual PM2.5 levels in the country, 

with 2007-2009 design values for the annual levels at the Riverside and Mira Loma stations of 

17 μg/m3 and 18.8 μg/m3 respectively. See EPA, Air Quality System, Design Value Report, 

August 26, 2010. 

According to the South Coast 2007 AQMP, to attain the 1997 PM2.5 standards in the area 

will require reductions in NOx emissions of 29 percent from 2005 baseline levels, reductions in 

VOC emissions of 11 percent from 2005 baseline levels reductions in SOx emissions of 56 

percent from 2005 baseline levels and reductions in direct PM2.5 emissions of 15 percent from 

2005 baseline levels. The majority of these reductions must come from mobile sources. South 

Coast 2007 AQMP page ES-9. Reductions from mobile sources accrue mainly from fleet 

turnover. Although CARB has adopted rules that will accelerate this fleet turnover and both it 

and the District have well-funded incentive programs to encourage voluntary turnover, this 

process still takes time to achieve significant reductions. 

As discussed in section II.F. below, the District’s strategy for attaining the PM2.5 standard 

relies on reductions of direct PM2.5 as well as the PM2.5 precursor pollutants NOx, VOC, and 

SOx. The South Coast nonattainment area needs significant reductions in PM2.5 SOx, and NOx to 

demonstrate attainment. EPA believes that further reductions of these pollutants is challenging, 

because the State and local air pollution regulations already in place include the most readily 

available NOx, SOx, and PM2.5 control measures. Moreover, attainment in the South Coast 

nonattainment area must also mitigate the emissions increases associated with the projected 

increases in population and emissions levels in this high-growth area. 

The direct PM2.5 reductions are achieved primarily from open burning, commercial 

charbroiling and residential wood combustion measures. These types of control measures present 

special implementation challenges (e.g., the large number of individuals subject to regulation and 

the difficulty of applying conventional technological control solutions). NOx reductions come 

largely from District rules for fuel combustion sources and from the State’s mobile source rules. 

Because of the necessity of obtaining additional emissions reductions from these source 

categories in the South Coast nonattainment area and the need to conduct significant public 

outreach if applicable control approaches are to be effective, EPA agrees with the District and 

CARB that the South Coast 2007 reflects expeditious implementation of the programs during the 

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2008-2014 time frame. EPA also agrees that the implementation schedule for enhanced 

stationary source controls is expeditious, taking into account the time necessary for purchase and 

installation of the required control technologies. Finally, we believe that it is not feasible at this 

time to accelerate the emission reduction schedule for the State and Federal mobile source which 

must rely on fleet turnover over the years to ultimately deliver the anticipated emission 

reductions. The District's control strategies are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 4 of the 

South Coast 2007 AQMP, and in section II.F. below. 

In addition, the State has adopted standards for many categories of on-road and off-road 

vehicles and engines, and gasoline and diesel fuels, and included commitments to develop rules 

for Smog Check Improvements, Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks, and Cleaner In-Use OffRoad Equipment. 

EPA believes that the District and State are implementing these rules and programs as 

expeditiously as practicable and that it is not feasible to have faster implementation dates nor are 

there any additional feasible measures which can be implemented. We anticipate that the 

District and CARB will reevaluate this conclusion after completion of the mid-course review of 

the PM2.5 attainment SIP for this area, due in April 2011. EPA also expects that the District and 

CARB will continue to investigate opportunities to accelerate progress as new control 

opportunities arise, and that the agencies will promptly adopt and expeditiously implement any 

new measures found to be feasible in the future. 

As discussed below, however, we are proposing to disapprove the RACM/RACT 

demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP because we cannot approve the attainment 

demonstration. As stated in the PM2.5 implementation rule preamble at 20601, EPA cannot grant 

an extension of the attainment date beyond the initial five years provided by section 172(a)(2(A) 

if the State has not adequately considered and evaluated the implementation of RACM and 

RACT in the area. By definition, RACM/RACT are those controls that are necessary to 

demonstrate attainment as expeditiously as practicable and meet any RFP requirements. 40 CFR 

§ 51.10101(a). 

For these reasons, EPA is proposing to not grant California’s request for an attainment 

date extension to April 5, 2015 for the South Coast PM2.5 nonattainment area. Given the severity 

of the PM2.5 nonattainment problem in the South Coast nonattainment area, an extension of the 

attainment date would most likely be appropriate and approvable if it were supported by the 

necessary analysis and part of an attainment plan that meets the applicable statutory and 

regulatory requirements including RACM/RACT. 

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F. Adopted Control Strategy and Enforceable Commitments 

1. Requirements for Control Strategies and Enforceable Commitments 

CAA section 172(c)(6) requires nonattainment plans to “include enforceable emission 

limitations, and such other control measures, means or techniques (including economic 

incentives such as fees, marketable permits, and auctions of emission rights), as well as 

schedules and timetables for compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to provide for 

attainment of such standard in such area by the applicable attainment date....” CAA 

section110(a)(2)(A), which applies to all SIPs, contains virtually identical language. The PM2.5 

implementation rule requires all control measures needed for attainment to be implemented as 

expeditiously as practicable but no later than the beginning of the year prior to the attainment 

date. 40 CFR § 51.1007(b). 

In most instances, a nonattainment plan should include the adopted measures it relies on 

to demonstrate attainment and RFP and/or meet other CAA requirements or should identify the 

adopted measures it relies on that are already SIP approved, federally promulgated, or otherwise 

SIP creditable. EPA, however, recognizes that circumstances exist that warrant the initial use of 

enforceable state commitments in place of these adopted measures. We believe that the CAA 

allows approval of such enforceable commitments as elements of a CAA control strategy 

requirement where they are limited in scope. 

The language in CAA sections 110(a)(2)(A) and 172(c)(6) cited above is quite broad, 

allowing a SIP to contain any “means or techniques” that EPA determines are “necessary or 

appropriate” to meet CAA requirements, such that the area will attain as expeditiously as 

practicable, but no later than the designated date. Furthermore, the express allowance for 

“schedules and timetables” demonstrates that Congress understood that all required controls 

might not have to be in place before a SIP could be fully approved. 

Commitments approved by EPA under CAA section 110(k)(3) are enforceable by EPA 

and citizens under, respectively, CAA sections 113 and 304. In the past, EPA has approved 

enforceable commitments and courts have enforced actions against states that failed to comply 

with them: See, e.g., American Lung Ass'n of N.J. v. Kean, 670 F. Supp. 1285 (D.N.J. 1987), 

aff'd, 871 F.2d 319 (3rd Cir. 1989); NRDC, Inc. v. N.Y. State Dept. of Env. Cons., 668 F. Supp. 

848 (S.D.N.Y. 1987); Citizens for a Better Env't v. Deukmejian, 731 F. Supp. 1448, recon. 

granted in par, 746 F. Supp. 976 (N.D. Cal. 1990); Coalition for Clean Air v. South Coast Air 

Quality Mgt. Dist., No. CV 97-6916-HLH, (C.D. Cal. Aug. 27, 1999). Further, if a state fails to 

meet its commitments, EPA could make a finding of failure to implement the SIP under CAA 

section 179(a)(4), which starts an 18-month period for the state to correct the nonimplementation before mandatory sanctions are imposed. 

Once EPA determines that circumstances warrant the use of an enforceable commitment, 

EPA considers three factors in determining whether to approve the enforceable commitment: (a) 

does the commitment address a limited portion of the statutorily-required program; (b) is the 

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state capable of fulfilling its commitment; and (c) is the commitment for a reasonable and 

appropriate period of time.66 

2. Control Strategy in the South Coast 2007 AQMP and Revised 2007 State Strategy 

For the purposes of evaluating the South Coast 2007 AQMP and Revised 2007 State 

Strategy, we have divided the measures relied on in the attainment and RFP demonstrations and 

to meet the contingency measures requirement into two categories: baseline measures and 

control strategy measures. 

As the term is used here, baseline measures are federal, State, and District rules and 

regulations adopted prior to October 2006 (i.e., prior to South Coast 2007 AQMP and State 

Strategy development) that continue to generate emissions reductions through to the attainment 

year of 2014 and beyond. 2007 State Strategy, Appendix A, p. 1., and South Coast 2007 AQMP, 

Appendix III, p. III-2-3. Reductions from these measures are incorporated into the baseline 

inventory and, for the most part, not individually quantified. These measures provide the 

majority of emissions reductions needed to attain the PM2.5 standards in the South Coast 

nonattainment area. See Table G-1 in this TSD. 

Control strategy measures are the new rules, rule revisions, and commitments that 

provide the additional increment of emission reductions needed beyond the baseline measures to 

demonstrate RFP and attainment, meet RACM/RACT, and/or provide for contingency measures. 

We evaluate the control strategy measures in this section. Baseline measures are listed in 

Appendices A and B to this TSD. 

a. District Control Strategy Measures and Commitments 

For the South Coast 2007 AQMP, the District identified and committed to updating and 

adopting 9 control measures and newly adopting and implementing 28 new control measures to 

reduce emissions of direct PM2.5, NOx, SOx, and/or VOC. In Table F- 1 below, we list the 

anticipated timing of the expected emissions reductions from these measures; however, we note 

that the District’s commitment is only to aggregate emissions reductions. See South Coast 2007 

AQMP, p. 4-2 and 4-73 and SCAQMD Governing Board Resolution, p. 10. 

In Table F-2, we give the current SIP submittal and approval status of the measures in the 

South Coast 2007 AQMP. In Tables F-3, we show the emissions reductions, as given in the 

South Coast 2007 AQMP and in individual rule submittals, for the measures that have been 

approved by EPA and for the measures that have been approved by or submitted to EPA, 

respectively. The reductions listed in Table F-3 are the ones anticipated to be achievable from 

each rule at the time the South Coast 2007 AQMP was adopted. Actual reductions from each 

66 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld EPA's interpretation of CAA sections 110(a)(2)(A) and 

172(c)(6) and the Agency's use and application of the three factor test in approving enforceable commitments in the 

Houston-Galveston ozone SIP. BCCA Appeal Group et al. v. EPA et al., 355 F.3d 817 (5th Cir. 2003). 

EPA- Region 9 Page 67 
 

 

 

 

 

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rule once adopted may be greater or less than the anticipated reductions. Finally, in Table F-4 we 

provide the overall control strategy for the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

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Table F-1 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 

Estimated Emissions Reductions for South Coast 2007 AQMP Specific Rule Commitments 

(tons per average annual day) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

Based on 

Adoption Date 

Based on 

Implementation 

Date 

Based on 

Adoption 

Date 

Based on 

Implementation 

Date 

Based on 

Adoption 

Date 

Based on 

Implementation 

Date 

Based on 

Adoption 

Date 

Based on 

Implementatio 

n Date 

2007 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 -- -- --

2008 5.6 -- 3.1 -- 0.4 1.0 3.0 --

2009 0.8 -- 4.5 -- 0.4 -- -- --

2010 -- 0.5 2.0 3.1 1.2 0.4 -- --

2011 -- -- -- 0.8 -- -- -- --

2012 -- -- -- 3.7 -- -- -- --

2013 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

2014 -- 3.5 -- 1.1 -- 3.0 

2023 -- 2.4 -- 2.0 ---- 0.4 -- --

Commitment to Total 

Reductions 

6.8 6.8 10.4 10.4 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 

Source: South Coast 2007 AQMP, Table 4-10 

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Table F-2 

Approval and Submittal Status of District Rules in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Rule 1144 - Vanishing oils and rust 

inhibitors 

SIP-approved 75 FR 40726, 07/14/10 

Rule 1143 - Consumer Paint 

Thinners and Multi-Purpose 

Solvents 

Not yet submitted 

– to be adopted 

December 2010 

New rule; no previous version approved 

into the SIP; District is revising rule. 

Rule 1145 – Plastic, Rubber, 

Leather and Glass Coatings 

SIP-approved 75 FR 40726, 07/14/10 

Rule 1147 – NOx reductions from 

miscellaneous sources 

SIP-approved 75 FR 46845, 08/04/2010 

Rule 2002- Further SOx reductions 

from RECLAIM Not yet adopted Most recent approval of Rule 2002 – August 29, 2006, 71 FR 51120 

Rule 1111 - Further NOx reductions 

from space heaters 

SIP-approved 75 FR 46845, 08/04/2010 

Rule 1110.2 – Liquid and gaseous 

fuels – stationary ICEs SIP-approved 74 FR 18995, 4/27/09 

Rule 1146 – NOx from industrial, 

institutional, commercial boilers, 

steam gens, and process heaters 

Submitted Most recent approval – April 8, 2002, 67 

FR 16640 

Rule 1146.1 - NOx from small 

industrial, institutional, commercial 

boilers, steam gens, and process 

heaters 

Being acted on 

Most recent approval – September 6, 

1995 – 60 FR 46220 

Rule 1127 - Livestock Waste Submitted to EPA 

on 10/05/06 Found complete on October 25, 2006 

Refinery Pilot Program 

Not yet adopted 

N/A 

Rule 2301 – Indirect Source Review 

Not yet adopted N/A 

Carl Moyer program 

No rule 

associated with 

this measure 

ongoing 

AB923 Light and medium duty 

vehicle high emitter program 

No rules 

associated with 

these measures 

N/A 

EPA- Region 9 Page 70 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-3. Status of District Short and Intermediate Term Control Measures Credited in South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Attainment Demonstration 

Rule No. Title Emissions Reduction Emissions Reductions Achieveda 

Commitment in South Coast 

2007 AQMP 

Control 

measure 

Vanishing oils and rust inhibitors 

CTS-01 1144 1.9 tpd VOC 2.7 tpd VOC 

Consumer Paint Thinners and 

CTS-03 1143 Multi-Purpose Solvents 2.1 tpd VOC Not yet submitted 

Plastic, Rubber, Leather and 

CTS-04 1145 Glass Coatings negligible 

CMB-01 1147 NOx reductions from 

miscellaneous sources 3.5 tpd NOx 6.2 tpd NOx 

CMB-02 2002 Further SOx reductions from 

RECLAIM 3.0 tpd SOx 

FUG – 04 1149 Storage Tank and Pipeline 

Cleaning and Degassing none 1.3 tpd VOC 

CMB-03 1111 Further NOx reductions from 

space heaters 0.8 tpd NOx 0.1 tpd NOx 

MCS-01 1110.2 Liquid and gaseous fuels – 0.4 tpd NOx 

stationary ICEs 0.3 tpd VOC 

NOx from industrial, 

1146 institutional, & commercial 1.6 tpd NOx 

boilers, steam generators, and 0.4 tpd PM2.5 

process heaters 2.0 tpd VOC
 

NOx from small ind, inst, & 

1146.1 comm’l boilers, steam gens, and 

EPA- Region 9	 Page 71 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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proc. htrs 

MCS-05 

FLX-02 

1127 Livestock waste 

Refinery pilot program 

0.8 tpd VOC 

0.7 tpd VOC, 0.4 tpd PM2.5 

MOB-04b 

MOB-05 

MOB-06 

2251 

Carl Moyer funds 

AB923 LDV high emitter 

program 

AB923 MDV high emitter 

program 

7.5 tpd NOx, 0.2 tpd PM2.5 7.5 tpd NOx + 3 tpd NOx 

0.2 tpd PM2.5 

0.8 tpd VOC, 0.4 tpd NOx 

0.5 tpd VOC, 0.5 tpd NOx 

Total achieved PM2.5 reductions 

Total achieved VOC reductions 

Total achieved NOx reductions 

0.2 

4.3 

14.5 a From District Rule Evaluation Forms. b The 2007 State Strategy credits the South Coast Carl Moyer program with an additional 3 tpd of NOx beyond what the District claims for emissions reduction 

credit for the program. (See 2007 State Strategy, page 17)
 

EPA- Region 9 Page 72 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-4 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption 

Date, and Implementation Period 

Control Measure Implementing 

Agency 

Adoption Date Implementation period 

Facility Modernization 

MCS-01 Facility Modernization (NOx, VOC, PM2.5) SCAQMD 2008-2010 Beginning 2012 

Energy Efficiency/Conservation 

MCS-02 Urban Heat Island [All Pollutants] SCAQMD On-going On-going 

MCS-03 Energy Efficiency and Conservation [all 

Pollutants] 

SCAQMD 2008-2010 Beginning 2010 

Good Management Practices 

FUG-01 Improved Leak Detection and Repair [VOC] SCAQMD 2008-2009 2009-2010 

FUG-02 Emission Reductions from Gasoline Transfer 

and Dispensing Facilities [VOC] 

SCAQMD 2009 2010-2012 

FUG-04 Emission Reductions from Pipeline and 

Storage Tank Degassing [VOC] 

SCAQMD 2007 2008-2009 

BCM-01 

PM Control Devices (Baghouses, Wet 

Scrubbers, Electrostatic Precipitators, Other 

Devices)[PM] 

SCAQMD 

2008-2009 2010-2012 

MCS-04 Emissions Reductions from Green Waste 

Composting [VOC, PM] 

SCAQMD Phase 1: 2008-09 

Phase 2: 2010 2012 

MCS-06 Improved Start-up, Shut-Down, and 

Turnaround Procedures [All Pollutants] 

SCAQMD 2010 2012 

Market Incentives/Compliance Flexibility 

CTS-02 Clean Coating Certification Program [VOC] SCAQMD 2009-2010 2010 

CMB-02 Further SOx Reductions from RECLAIM 

(BARCT) [SOx] 

SCAQMD 2008 2011-2014 

FLX-01 Economic Incentive Programs [All 

Pollutants] 

SCAQMD On-going On-going 

FLX-02 Petroleum Refinery Pilot Program [VOC and 

PM2.5] 

SCAQMD 2008 2010 

Area Sources 

FUG-03 Emissions Reductions from Cutback SCAQMD 2008 2010 

EPA- Region 9 Page 73 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-4 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption 

Date, and Implementation Period 

Asphalts [VOC] 

CTS-01 Emissions Reductions from Lubricants 

[VOC] 

SCAQMD 2008 2010 

CTS-03 

Consumer Products Certification and 

Emissions Reductions from Use of 

Consumer Products at Institutional and 

Commercial Facilities [VOC] 

SCAQMD 

2007-2010 2010-2020 

CTS-04 

Emission Reductions from the Reduction of 

VOC Content of Consumer Products not 

Regulated by the State Board [VOC] 

SCAQMD 

2008-2010 2010-2020 

CMB-01 NOx Reductions from non-RECLAIM 

Ovens, Dryers, and Furnaces [NOx] 

SCAQMD 2008 Beginning 2010 

CMB-03 Further NOx Reductions from Space Heaters 

[NOx] 

SCAQMD 2009 Beginning 2012 

CMB-04 Natural Gas Fuel Specifications [All 

Pollutants] 

SCAQMD 

2008 2009 

BCM-02 PM Emission Hot Spots – Localized Control 

Program [PM2.5] 

SCAQMD On-going On-going 

BCM-03 Emission Reductions from Wood Burning 

Fireplaces and Wood Stoves [PM2.5] 

SCAQMD 2007-2008 2008-2014 

BCM-04 Additional PM Emission Reductions from 

Rule 444 - Open Burning [PM2.5] 

SCAQMD 2007 2008-2010 

BCM-05 PM Emission Reductions from Underfired 

Charbroilers [PM2.5] 

SCAQMD 2010 2014 

MCS-05 Emission Reductions from Livestock Waste 

[VOC] 

SCAQMD 2009 2011 

MCS-07 Application of all Feasible Measures [All 

Pollutants] 

SCAQMD On-going 2010-2020 

MCS-08 Clean Air Act Emission Fees for Major 

Stationary Sources [VOC, Nox] 

SCAQMD 2009-2010 2011 

Emission Growth Management 

EGM-01 

Emission Reductions from New or 

Redevelopment Projects [NOx, VOC, 

PM2.5] 

SCAQMD 

2009 Beginning 2010 

EPA- Region 9 Page 74 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-4 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption 

Date, and Implementation Period 

EGM-02 Emission Budget and Mitigation for General 

Conformity Projects [All Pollutants] SCAQMD Beginning 2007 Beginning 2007 

EGM-03 Emissions Mitigation and Federally 

Permitted Projects [All Pollutants] SCAQMD Beginning 2007 Beginning 2007 

District’s Mobile Source Program 

MOB-01 Mitigation Fee Program for all Federal 

Sources [All Pollutants] 

SCAQMD 2007-2010 2010-2020 

MOB-02 Expanded Exchange Program [All 

Pollutants] 

SCAQMD 

Beginning 2007 

2010-2020 

MOB-03 

Backstop Measure for Indirect Sources of 

Emissions at Ports and Port-Related 

Facilities [All Pollutants] 

SCAQMD 

2007-2010 2010-2020 

MOB-04 Emission Reductions from the Carl Moyer 

Program [NOx, PM2.5] 

SCAQMD On-going On-going 

MOB-05 AB923 Light Duty Vehicle High Emitter 

Identification Program [NOx, VOC] 

SCAQMD On-going 2007-2020 

MOB-06 AB923 Medium Duty Vehicle High Emitter 

Identification Program [NOx, VOC] 

SCAQMD 

2008 2010-2020 

MOB-07 Concurrent Reductions From Global 

Warming Strategies [All Pollutants] 

SCAQMD On-going On-going 

Mobile Source and Consumer Product Control Measures Developed by CARB* 

ARB-ONRD01 Smog Check Enhancements [VOC, NOx, 

PM] BAR 2007-2008 By 2010 

ARB-ONRD02 Expanded Vehicle Retirement [VOC, NOx, 

PM] CARB/BAR 2008-2014 2008-2014 

ARB-ONRD03 Modifications to Reformulated Gasoline 

Program [VOC] CARB 2007 Beginning 2010 

ARB-ONRD04 Cleaner In-Use Heavy Duty Trucks [VOC 

,NOx, PM] CARB 2008 2010-2015 

ARB-ONRD05 Port Truck Modernization [NOx, 

PM] CARB/ SCAQMD 2007-2008 2008-2020 

ARB-OFRD- Marine Vessels – Fuel, Auxiliary U.S. 2007-2009 

EPA- Region 9 Page 75 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-4 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption 

Date, and Implementation Period 

01 & Main Engines [VOC, NOx] EPA/CARB/SCAQMD Beginning 2010 

ARB-OFRD02 Accelerate Introduction of 

Cleaner Line-Haul Locomotives 

[VOC, NOx, PM] 

CARB/U.S. EPA 2007-2008 Beginning 2012 

ARB-OFRD03 Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft 

[VOC, NOx, PM] CARB 2007 2009-2018 

ARB-0FRD04 Cleaner In-Use Off-Road 

Equipment [VOC, NOx, PM] CARB 2007 Phase in starting 2008 

ARB-OFRD05 New Emission Standards for 

Recreational Boats [VOC, NOx] CARB 2009-2010 2012-2023 

ARB-OFRD06 Expanded Off-Road Recreational 

Vehicle Emission Standards 

[VOC] 

CARB By 2010 2012-2023 

ARB-CONS01 Consumer Products [VOC] CARB 2007-2012 2010-2014 

Recommended Mobile Source and Clean Fuel Control Measures* 

SCONRD-01 Accelerated Penetration of 

Advanced Technology Partial 

Zero and Zero Emission Vehicles 

[VOC, NOx, CO] 

CARB 2007-2008 2010-2023 

SCONRD-02 Deployment of On-Board 

Diagnostics (Phase III) in Light and 

Medium Duty Vehicles 

[VOC, NOx, CO, PM] 

CARB/BAR 2008 2012-2023 

SCONRD-03 

Further Emission Reductions 

From On Road Heavy-Duty 

Vehicles [NOx, PM] CARB/SCAQMD 2008 2010-2014 

SCONRD-04 Further Emission Reductions 

from Heavy-Duty Trucks 

Providing Freight Drayage 

CARB/ 

Marine Ports/ 

SCAQMD 

2007-2008 

2008-2023 

EPA- Region 9 Page 76 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-4 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption 

Date, and Implementation Period 

Services [NOx, PM] 

SCOFFRD-01 

Construction/Industrial 

Equipment Fleet Modernization 

[VOC, NOx] 

CARB 2007 2009-2023 

SCOFFRD-02 

Further Emission Reductions 

from Cargo Handling Equipment 

[NOx, PM] CARB/ Marine Ports 2007-2008 2010-2014 

SCOFFRD-03 

Further Emission Reductions 

from Locomotives [NOx, PM] U.S.EPA 2007-2008 2012-2014 

SCOFFRD-04 

Emission Reductions from 

Airport Ground Support 

Equipment [NOx, VOC, PM] CARB 2007-2008 2010-2014 

SCOFFRD-05 Emission Reductions from 

Transport Refrigeration Units 

[NOx] 

CARB 2009 2010-2023 

SCOFFRD-06 

Accelerated Turnover and 

Catalyst Based Standards for 

Pleasure Crafts [VOC, NOx, PM] 

CARB 2007-2008 2010-2023 

SCFUEL-01 Further Emission Reduction from 

Gasoline Fuels [NOx, SOx] 

CARB 2007 2010-2012 

SCFUEL-02 Greater Use of Diesel Fuel 

Alternatives [NOx, SOx, PM] CARB/SCAQMD 2008 2015 

Transportation Control Measures 

EPA- Region 9 Page 77 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-4 

South Coast Air Quality Management District 2007 AQMP Control Measures, Implementing Agency, Adoption 

Date, and Implementation Period 

TCM-A HOV Improvements SCAG, CTCs, 

Local Gov’t 2007 2007-2023 

TCM-B Transit & Systems Management SCAG, CTCs, 

Local Gov’t 2007 2007-2023 

TCM-C Information Based Measures SCAG, CTCs, 

Local Gov’t 2007 2007-2023 

Long-Term Mobile Source and Consumer Product Control Measures 

SCLTM-01A Further Emission Reductions 

from On-Road Mobile Sources 

[NOx] 

CARB 2009-2012 

2015-2023 

SCLTM-01B Further Emission Reductions 

from On-Road Heavy-Duty 

Vehicles [NOx] CARB/BAR 2009-2012 

2015-2023 

SCLTM-02 Further Emission Reductions 

from Off-Road Mobile Sources 

[NOx] 

CARB/ U.S. EPA 2009-2012 2015-2023 

SCLTM-03 Further Reductions from 

Consumer Products [VOC] CARB 2009-2012 

2015-2023 

From South Coast 2007 AQMP, Table 7-3, pages 7-5 to 7-9. 

* The 2007 South Coast AQMP notes that “The recommended mobile source and clean fuel control measures listed in this table represent a menu of potential 

control strategies which could be implemented by CARB to achieve the additional 63 tons per day of NOx reductions needed for PM2.5 attainment by 2015. 

Annual rulemaking schedule to be developed by CARB within adoption date window but at earliest practicable date to achieve the necessary reductions.” When 

CARB adopted the South Coast 2007 AQMP, it did not adopt the measures assigned to CARB by SCAQMD in this table. 

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b. CARB Measures and Commitments 

The 2007 State Strategy provides a list of State measures adopted from 1994 until 2006. 

See 2007 State Strategy, p. 38. A fuller list can be found in Appendix A of this TSD. 

In addition to the State’s baseline measures, the 2007 State Strategy includes enforceable 

commitments for emissions reductions from mobile source categories that are crucial for 

attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS in the South Coast nonattainment area. For the South Coast 

nonattainement area, the 2007 State Strategy includes State commitments to achieve 152 tpd of 

NOx reductions, 46 tpd of VOC reductions, 9 tpd of direct PM2.5 and 20 tpd of SOx reductions. 

See 2007 State Strategy, p. 63 and CARB Resolution 07-28 (September 27, 2007), Attachment 

B, p. 5. 

The 2007 State Strategy expects to achieve these emission reductions in the South Coast 

Air Basin by the attainment year of 2014 from measures such as Smog Check Improvements, 

Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks, Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment, Cleaner Main Ship 

Engines and Fuels, Clean up Existing Harbor Craft, Ship Auxiliary Engine Cold Ironing and 

Clean Technology, and accelerated introduction of cleaner line-haul locomotives. These 

measures are described in more detail in the 2007 State Strategy (April 26, 2007), Chapter 5. 

In the 2007 State Strategy, CARB provides an estimated emissions reduction for each 

measure to show that, when considered together, these measures can meet the total commitment. 

CARB states, however, that its enforceable commitment here is achieve the aggregate emissions 

reductions for each pollutant by specific dates and not for a specific level of reductions from any 

specific measure. See 2007 State Strategy, p. 58. A summary of the estimates from the proposed 

measures is provided in Table F-5 below. In this table, we list only those 2007 State Strategy 

measures for which CARB estimated an emissions reduction in the South Coast. 

CARB’s commitment is also to propose specific new measures that are identified and 

defined in the 2007 Strategy State. See 2007 State Strategy, p. 64. Table F-5 below lists these 

defined measures. As shown on this table, the State adopted many of the measures. Table F-6 

lists the emissions reductions the State estimates it will achieve from these measures as adopted. 

Table F-7 lists the emissions reductions that are currently creditable for SIP purposes. 

EPA- Region 9 Page 79 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-5 

Expected Emission Reductions from Defined Measures in the 2007 State 

Strategy for the South Coast Air Basin 

(Tons Per Day 2014) 

Measure NOx VOC67 PM2.5 SOx 

Smog Check Improvements (BAR) 12.0 10.5 0.2 --

Expanded Vehicle Retirement 2.4 2.8 0.05 --

Modifications to the Reformulated Gaosline 

Program -- 4.4 -- --

Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks 76.3 5.1 3.0 --

Ship Auxiliary Engine Cold Ironing and Clean 

Technology 

18.5 -- 0.3 0.4 

Cleaner Main Ship Engines and Fuels 20.0 -- 2.4 19.7 

Clean up Existing Harborcraft 4.6 -- 0.2 

Accelerated Intro. of Cleaner Line-Haul 

Locomotives 

4.3 0.7 0.2 --

Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment (>25hp) 10.5 2.7 2.6 --

New Emissions Standards for Recreational 

Boats 

0.4 4.2 -- --

Expanded Off-Road Rec. Vehicle Emissions 

Standards -- 2.4 -- --

Consumer Products -- 12.9 -- --

Co-Benefits from Greenhouse Gas Reduction 

Measures 

3.0 NYQ NYQ NYQ 

Totals: 152 46 9 20 

Source: 2009 State Strategy Status Report, p. 17. Only defined measures with NOx, VOC, PM2.5 or SOx reductions 

in the South Coast are shown here. NYQ = not yet quantified 

67 CARB uses the term reactive organic gases (ROG) where we use the term VOC. We will use the term VOC in this 

document to refer to both ROG and VOC. 

EPA- Region 9 Page 80 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table F-6 

2007 State Strategy Defined Measures Schedule for 

Consideration and Current Status 

State Measures 

Primary 

Area 

Expected 

Adoption 

Year 

Current Status 

Defined Measures in 2007 State Strategy 

Smog Check Improvements Both 2007-2008 Elements approved 75 FR 

38023 (July 1, 2010) 

Expanded Vehicle Retirement Both 2008-2014 

Adopted by CARB, June 

2009; by BAR, September 

2010 

Modification to Reformulated 

Gasoline Program 

Both 2007 Approved, 75 FR 26653 (May 

12, 2010) 

Cleaner In-use Heavy Duty Trucks Both 2008 Adopted December, 2008; 

pending revisions 

Auxiliary Ship Cold Ironing and 

Other Clean Technologies 

SC 2007-2008 Adopted December, 2007 

Cleaner Main Ship Engines and Fuels SC 

Fuel: 2007 

Engines: 

2009 

Adopted July 2007 

Port Truck Modernization SC 2007-2008 Adopted December 2007 and 

December 2008 

Accelerated Introduction of Cleaner 

Locomotives 

Both 2007-2008 In progress 

Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft SC 2007 Adopted November 2007, 

revised June 2010. 

Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Engines Both 2007 Adopted July 2007, pending 

revisions. 

Clearer In-Use Agricultural 

Equipment SJV 2009 Incentive program in progress 

New Emissions Standards for 

Recreational Boats 

Both 2009-2010 

Partially adopted, July, 2008; 

additional requirements 

pending 

Expanded Off-Road Recreational 

Vehicle Emissions Standards 

Both By 2010 Adopted November 2008 

Enhanced Vapor Recovery for Above 

Ground Storage Tanks 

Both 2007 Adopted June, 2007 

Additional Evaporative Emissions 

Standards 

Both By 2010 Partial adoption: September, 

2008 (outboard marine tanks) 

Consumer Products Program (I & II) Both 2008 & 

2010-2012 

Phase I – Approved, 74 FR 

57074 (November 4, 2009). 

Additional revision adopted 

2009. 

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Table F-6 

2007 State Strategy Defined Measures Schedule for 

Consideration and Current Status 

State Measures 

Primary 

Area 

Expected 

Adoption 

Year 

Current Status 

Department of Pesticides Pesticide 

Regulations 

SJV 2008 

Adopted 2008, amended 2009, 

additional amendments 

pending. SIP measures 

submitted October 2009 

Additional Measures Adopted Since 2007 

Light duty Vehicle Catalyst 

Replacement 

Both N/A Adopted October 2007 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from 

Heavy-duty Vehicles 

Both N/A Adopted December 2008 

Large Spark Ignition Engines greater 

than 1 liter, Rule Amendment Both N/A Adopted November 2008 

SC = South Coast Air Basin. Source: 2009 State Strategy Status Report, p. 23 (footnotes in original not included) 

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Table F-7 

Achieved Emission Reductions from Defined Measures in the 2007 State 

Strategy for the South Coast 

(Tons Per Day 2014) 

Measure NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

Smog Check Improvements (BAR) [partial] 2.0 4.1 -- --

Modifications to Reformulated Gasoline 

Program -- 4.4 -- --

Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks 59.7 5 3.5 --

Ship Auxiliary Engine Cold Ironing and Clean 

Technology 

25.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 

Cleaner Main Ship Engines and Fuel (fuel 

portion only) 1.3 -- 1.9 17.0 

Accelerated Intro. Of Cleaner Line-Haul 

Locomotives NYQ NYQ NYQ NYQ 

Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft 2.4 0.1 0.1 --

Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment (>25hp) 10.5 2.7 2.6 --

Consumer Products Program [partial] -- 1.8 -- --

Totals: 101.3 18.2 8.6 17.3 

Source: 2009 State Strategy Status Report, p. 5. Only defined measures that have been adopted with PM2.5, NOx, 

VOC or SOx reductions in the South Coast are shown here. NYQ = Not yet quantified. 

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Table F-8 

Current Creditable Emission Reductions from Defined Measures in the 2007 

State Strategy for the South Coast 

(Tons Per Day 2014) 

Measure NOx VOC 

PM2.5 

SOx 

Modifications to Reformulated Gasoline 

Program -- 4.4 -- --

Cleaner In-Use Heavy Duty Trucks (not 

submitted) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment 

(>25 hp) (not submitted) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Ship Auxiliary Engine Cold Ironing and 

Clean Technology 

25.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 

Clean up Existing Harborcraft 2.4 0.1 0.1 --

Consumer Products program (partial) -- 1.8 -- --

Totals: 27.8 6.4 0.6 0.3 

Source: 2009 State Strategy Status Report, p. 5. Only defined measures with PM2.5,NOx, VOC, or SOx reductions in 

the South Coast are shown here. NYQ = Not yet quantified. 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

a. Baseline Measures 

As shown in Table F-9, the majority of the emission reductions needed to demonstrate 

attainment come from baseline measures. These reductions come from a combination of District 

and State measures.68 

In the past two decades, the District has adopted (and in many case revised each several 

times) about 80 prohibitory rules that limit emissions of NOx, VOC, particulate matter and/or 

SOx including most of the rule adoptions/revisions it commitment to as part of the South Coast 

2007 AQMP. See Appendix B and Table F-3. These rules include controls for boilers, fugitive 

dust sources, internal combustion engines, woodburning, and open burning. The great majority 

of these rules and rule revisions are currently SIP approved and as such their emissions 

reductions are fully creditable in attainment and RFP demonstrations and for other CAA 

requirements, such as contingency measures. 

68 Reductions in the baseline also come from federal measures. These federal measures include EPA’s national 

emission standards for heavy duty diesel trucks (66 FR 5001 (January 18, 2001)), certain new construction and farm 

equipment (Tier 2 and 3 non-road engines standards, 63 FR 56968 (October, 23, 1998) and Tier 4 diesel non-road 

engine standards, 69 FR 38958 (June 29, 2004)), and locomotives (63 FR 18978 (May 16, 1998) and 73 FR 37045 

(June 30, 2008)). States are allowed to rely on reductions from federal measures in attainment and RFP 

demonstrations and for other SIP purposes. 

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Table F-9 

Summary of Reductions Needed for South Coast’s PM2.5 Attainment 

Demonstration 

(tons per average annual day in 2014) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

A 2005 baseline emissions level 972 732 101 63 

B 2014 attainment target level 460 474 86 20 

C Total reductions needed from 2005 baseline 

levels to attain in 2014 (A – B) 512 258 15 43 

D 2014 baseline emissions level 654 528 102 43 

Reductions from baseline measures (A-D) 318 204 (-1) 20 

% of reductions needed for attainment from 

baseline measures 

62% 79%% n/a 47% 

Reductions needed from control strategy 

measures (D - B) 194 54 16 23 

% of reductions needed for attainment from 

control strategy measures 

38% 21% 106% 53% 

California has adopted standards for many categories of on- and off-road vehicles and 

engines, gasoline and diesel fuels, and numerous categories of consumer products. The State’s 

measures fall within two categories: measures for which the State has obtained or has applied to 

obtain a waiver of federal pre-emption under CAA section 209 (section 209 waiver measures or 

waiver measures) and those for which the State is not required to obtain a waiver (non-waiver 

measures). See EPA’s proposed approval and final approval of the San JoaquinValley 1-Hour 

Ozone Plan at 74 FR 33933, 33938, (July 14, 2009) and 75 FR 10420, 10424 (March 8, 2010). 

i. Section 209 Waiver Measures. A waiver under CAA section 209 is, in general, 

required for most of California’s on- and non-road vehicle or engine standards. Examples of 

State waiver measures are: low emission vehicle program, heavy duty bus standards, and small 

off-road engines. A list of California’s waiver measures can be found in the Appendix A of this 

TSD. 

Historically, EPA has granted credit for the waiver measures without first approving 

them into the SIP because of special Congressional recognition, in establishing the waiver 

process in the first place, of the pioneering California motor vehicle control program and because 

amendments to the CAA (in 1977) expanded the flexibility granted to California in order “to 

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afford California the broadest possible discretion in selecting the best means to protect the health 

of its citizens and the public welfare,” (H.R. Rep. No. 294, 95th Congr., 1st Sess. 301–2 (1977)). 

In allowing California to take credit for the waiver measures not withstanding the fact that the 

underlying rules are not part of the California SIP, EPA treated the waiver measures similarly to 

the Federal motor vehicle control requirements, which EPA has always allowed states to credit in 

their SIPs without submitting the program as a SIP revision. 

EPA’s historical practice has been to give SIP credit for waiver measures by allowing 

California to include motor vehicle emissions estimates made by using California’s EMFAC 

(and its predecessor) motor vehicle emission factor model as part of the baseline emissions 

inventory. EMFAC was also used to prepare baseline inventory projections into the future, and 

thus the plans typically showed a decrease in motor vehicle emissions due to the gradual 

replacement of more polluting vehicles with vehicles manufactured to meet newer, more 

stringent California vehicle standards. The EMFAC model is based on the motor vehicle 

emissions standards for which California has received waivers from EPA but also accounts for 

vehicle deterioration and many other factors. The motor vehicle emissions estimates themselves 

combine EMFAC results with vehicle activity estimates, among other considerations. See the 

1982 Bay Area Air Quality Plan, and the related EPA rulemakings approving the plan (see 48 FR 

5074 (February 3, 1983) for the proposed rule and 48 FR 57130 (December 28, 1983) for the 

final rule) as an example of how the waiver measures have been treated historically by EPA in 

California SIP actions.69 

California’s motor vehicle emissions control program predates the first federal statute 

regulating motor vehicle emissions, the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965 (which 

amended the CAA of 1963). In further CAA amendments, referred to as the Air Quality Act of 

1967 (Pub. L. 90-148), Congress allowed the State of California, and only California, a waiver of 

the Air Quality Act’s pre-emption of state emissions standards for new motor vehicles or new 

motor vehicle engines because of California’s pioneering efforts and unique problems. This was 

not changed when the statute was amended in 1970. The 1977 amendments to the CAA 

expanded the flexibility granted to California in order “to afford California the broadest possible 

discretion in selecting the best means to protect the health of its citizens and the public welfare.” 

(H.R. Rep. No. 294, 95th Congr., 1st Sess. 301-2 (1977). So long as California determines that 

69 EPA’s historical practice in allowing California credit for waiver measures notwithstanding the absence of the 

underlying rules in the SIP is further documented by reference to EPA’s review and approval of a May 1979 

revision to the California SIP entitled, “Chapter 4, California Air Quality Control Strategies.” In our proposed 

approval of the 1979 revision (44 FR 60758, October 22, 1979), we describe the SIP revision as outlining 

California’s overall control strategy, which the State had divided into “vehicular sources” and “non-vehicular 

(stationary source) controls.” As to the former, the SIP revision discusses vehicular control measures as including 

“technical control measures” and “transportation control measures.” The former refers to the types of measures we 

refer to herein as waiver measures, as well as fuel content limitations, and a vehicle inspection and maintenance 

program. The 1979 SIP revision included several appendices, including appendix 4–E, which refers to “ARB 

vehicle emission controls included in title 13, California Administrative Code, chapter 3 * * *,” including the types 

of vehicle emission standards we refer to herein as waiver measures; however, California did not submit the related 

portions of the California Administrative Code (CAC) to EPA as part of the 1979 SIP revision submittal. With 

respect to the CAC, the 1979 SIP revision states: “The following appendices are portions of the California 

Administrative Code. Persons interested in these appendices should refer directly to the code.” Thus, the State was 

clearly signaling its intention to rely on the California motor vehicle control program but not to submit the 

underlying rules to EPA as part of the SIP. In 1980, we finalized our approval as proposed. See 45 FR 63843 

(September 28, 1980). 

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its motor vehicle standards are “in the aggregate” at least as protective of public health and 

welfare as applicable federal standards, title II of the CAA requires EPA, unless it makes certain 

findings, to waive the Act’s general prohibition on state adoption and enforcement of standards 

relating to the control of emissions from new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines. See 

CAA section 209(a) and (b). 

In the EPA’s review of the California SIP and its many revisions, EPA has historically 

allowed emission reduction credit for the motor vehicle emissions standards that are subject to a 

section 209(b) waiver without requiring California to submit the standards themselves to EPA 

for approval as part of the California SIP. In this respect, EPA treated these rules similarly to the 

federal motor vehicle control requirements, which EPA has always allowed states to credit in 

their SIPs without submitting the program as a SIP revision. CAA section 193, enacted as part 

of the 1990 Amendments to the CAA, is a general savings clause that provides for, among other 

things, EPA statutory interpretations that predate those amendments to remain in effect so long 

as not inconsistent with the Act. At the time it enacted section 193, Congress did not insert any 

language into the statute rendering EPA’s treatment of California’s motor vehicle standards 

inconsistent with the Act. Thus, in section 193, Congress effectively ratified EPA’s longstanding 

pre-1990 practice of allowing emission reduction credit for California standards subject to the 

waiver process notwithstanding the absence of the standards in the SIP itself. 

As part of the 1990 Amendments to the CAA, Congress enacted subsection (e) of section 

209. In nearly identical language to subsections (a) and (b) of section 209, subsection (e) sets 

forth the federal pre-emption of state emissions standards for non-road vehicles or engines but 

allows the State of California, and only California, a waiver of pre-emption (with certain 

exceptions) under criteria that mirror the section 209(b) waiver provisions for motor vehicles. 

Since 1990, EPA has treated such non-road standards in the same manner as California motor 

vehicle standards, i.e., allowing credit for standards subject to the waiver process without 

requiring submittal of the standards as part of the SIP. Congress is presumed to be aware of 

agency interpretations and its subsequent revision of the statute to add subsection (e) without 

overruling EPA’s interpretation with respect to motor vehicle standards is further compelling 

evidence that the Agency correctly interpreted Congressional intent with respect to crediting 

California requirements subject to a section 209 waiver without requiring California to submit 

the standards themselves to EPA for approval as part of the California SIP. 

We believe that section 193 of the CAA, the general savings clause added by Congress in 

1990, effectively ratified our long-standing practice of granting credit for the California waiver 

rules because Congress did not insert any language into the statute rendering EPA’s treatment of 

California’s motor vehicle standards inconsistent with the Act. Rather, Congress extended the 

California waiver provisions to most types of non-road vehicles and engines, once again 

reflecting Congressional intent to provide California with the broadest possible discretion in 

selecting the best means to protect the health of its citizens and the public welfare. Requiring the 

waiver measures to undergo SIP review in addition to the statutory waiver process is not 

consistent with providing California with the broadest possible discretion as to on-road and nonroad vehicle and engine standards, but rather, would add to the regulatory burden California 

faces in establishing and modifying such standards, and thus would not be consistent with 

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Congressional intent. In short, we believe that Congress intended California’s mobile source 

rules to undergo only one EPA review process (i.e., the waiver process), not two. 

EPA’s waiver review and approval process is analogous to the SIP approval process. 

First, CARB adopts its emissions standards following notice and comment procedures at the 

State level, and then submits the rules to EPA as part of its waiver request. When EPA receives 

new waiver requests from CARB, EPA publishes a notice of opportunity for public hearing and 

comment and then publishes a decision in the Federal Register following the public comment 

period. Once again, in substance, the process is similar to that for SIP approval and supports the 

argument that one hurdle (the waiver process) is all Congress intended for California standards, 

not two (waiver process plus SIP approval process). Moreover, just as SIP revisions are not 

effective until approved by EPA, changes to CARB’s rules (for which a waiver has been granted) 

are not effective until EPA grants a new waiver, unless the changes are “within the scope” of a 

prior waiver and no new waiver is needed. 

Moreover, to maintain a waiver, CARB’s rules can be relaxed only to a level of aggregate 

equivalence to the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program (FMVCP) See section 209(b)(1). In 

this respect, the FMVCP acts as a partial backstop to California’s on-road waiver measures (i.e., 

absent a waiver, the FMVCP would apply in California). Likewise, Federal non-road vehicle 

and engine standards act as a backstop where there is a corresponding California non-road 

waiver measure. The constraints of the waiver process thus serve to limit the extent to which 

CARB can relax the waiver measures for which there are corresponding EPA standards, and 

thereby serve an anti-backsliding function similar in substance to those established for SIP 

revisions in CAA sections 110(l) and 193. Meanwhile, the growing convergence between 

California and EPA mobile source standards diminishes the difference in the emissions 

reductions reasonably attributed to the two programs and strengthens the role of the Federal 

program in serving as an effective backstop to the State program. In other words, with the 

harmonization of EPA mobile source standards with the corresponding State standards, the 

Federal program is becoming essentially a full backstop to most parts of the California program. 

We note that CARB has as long a history of enforcement of vehicle/engine emissions 

standards as EPA, and CARB’s enforcement program is equally as rigorous as the corresponding 

EPA program. The history and rigor of CARB’s enforcement program lends assurance to 

California SIP revisions that rely on the emissions reductions from CARB’s rules in the same 

manner as EPA’s mobile source enforcement program lends assurance to other state’s SIPs in 

their reliance on emissions reductions from the FMVCP. 

ii. Non-waiver measures 

These measures include improvements to California’s inspection and maintenance (I/M) 

program, SmogCheck, and cleaner burning gasoline and diesel regulations. A list of these nonwaiver measures, most of which have been SIP approved, can be found Appendix A. 

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b. Enforceable Commitments 

As stated and shown in Table F-10 below, measures already adopted by the District and 

State (both prior to and pursuant to the South Coast 2007 AQMP) and approved by EPA provide 

the majority of emission reductions needed to demonstrate attainment. The balance of the needed 

reductions is in the form of enforceable commitments by CARB and the District. 

We believe that, with respect to the South Coast 2007 AQMP and revised 2007 State 

Strategy, circumstances warrant the consideration of enforceable commitments as part of the 

attainment demonstration for the South Coast nonattainment area. As shown in Table F-9 above, 

the majority of emissions reductions that the State currently estimates are needed to demonstrate 

attainment and RFP in the South Coast nonattainment area come from the baseline measures. As 

a result of these State and District efforts, most sources in the South Coast nonattainment area 

were already subject to stringent rules prior to the State Strategy’s and the South Coast 2007 

AQMP’s development, leaving fewer and more technologically challenging opportunities to 

reduce emissions in the nonattinment area. In the South Coast 2007 AQMP and the 2007 State 

Strategy, the District and CARB identified potential control measures that could achieve the 

additional emission reductions needed for attainment. See South Coast 2007 AQMP, Chapter 4, 

and 2007 State Strategy, Chapter 5. However, the timeline needed to develop, adopt, and 

implement these measures went well beyond the April 5, 200870 deadline to submit the PM2.5 

attainment plan. Given these circumstances, we consider the District’s and CARB’s reliance in 

the South Coast 2007 AQMP and 2007 State Strategy on enforceable commitments to be 

warranted. We now consider the three factors EPA uses to determine whether enforceable 

commitments in lieu of adopted measures to meet CAA planning requirements is approvable. 

70 The 2007 State Strategy was developed to address both the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS and the 1997 8-hour ozone 

NAAQS. The 8-hour ozone SIPs were due in November 2007, and the development and adoption of the State 

Strategy was timed to coordinate with this submittal date. 2007 State Strategy, p. 1. 

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Table F-10 

Reductions Needed for Attainment Remaining as Commitments based on 

Approved Measures using Plan Assumptions Regarding Emissions Reductions 

(tons per average annual day in 2014) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

A Total reductions needed from baseline and 

control strategy measures to attain 

512 258 15 43 

B Reductions from baseline measures 318 204 (-1) 20 

C Total reductions needed from new measures and 

commitments 

194 54 16 23 

D Total reductions from approved measures 42.3 10.7 1.8 0.3 

Total reductions remaining as commitments (CD)a 151.7 43.3 14.2 22.7 

% of total reductions needed remaining as 

commitmentsa 30% 18% 89% 53% 

Total District commitmentsb 32 10 4 3 

Total reductions from approved District 

measures 

14.5 4.3 1.2 0 

Total reductions remaining as District 

commitments 

17.5 5.7 2.8 3 

% of District’s commitments remaining as 

commitments 

55% 57% 70% 100% 

Total CARB commitments 152 46 9 20 

Total reductions from approved/waived 

measures 

27.8 6.4 0.6 0.3 

Total reductions remaining as CARB 

commitments 

124.2 39.6 8.4 19.7 

% of CARB commitments remaining as 

commitments 

80% 86% 93% 99% 

a NOx reductions include 10 tpd federal assignment. b Note: The Proposed 2007 State Strategy had a State commitment of 122 tpd of NOx. However, Attachment B of 

the CARB Board Resolution adopting the 2007 State Strategy, CARB commits to an additional 30 tpd of NOx 

reductions in the South Coast by 2014. See CARB Board Resolution 07-28, Attachment B, page 4. In addition, the 

CARB Staff Report on the South Coast 2007 AQMP commits the District to a total of 32 tpd of NOx . See Staff 

Report, Proposed 2007 State Implementation Plan for the South Coast Air Basin – PM2.5 Annual Average and 8­

Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CARB, September 21, 2007, pages ES-3 and 17. 

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i. Commitments are a Limited Portion of Required Reductions 

For the first factor, we look to see if the commitment addresses a limited portion of a 

statutory requirement, such as the amount of emissions reductions needed for attainment in a 

nonattainment area. 

As shown in Table F-10, the remaining portion of the enforceable commitments- after 

accounting for approved or applied for waivers measures, for the South Coast 2007 AQMP and 

2007 State Strategy are 151.7 tpd NOx, 43.3 tpd VOC, 14.2 tpd PM2.5 , and 22.7 tpd SOx. When 

compared to the total reductions needed by 2014 for PM2.5 attainment in the South Coast 

nonattainment area, the remaining portion of the enforceable commitments represents 

approximately 30 percent of the needed NOx, 18 percent of the needed VOC, 89 percent of the 

needed PM2.5 and 53 percent of the needed SOx. Historically, EPA has approved SIPs with 

enforceable commitments in the range of 10 percent or less. See our approval of the San Joaquin 

Valley PM10 Plan at 69 30005, May 26, 2004, the San Joaquin Valley 1-hour ozone plan at 75 

FR 10420, March 8, 2010, and the Houston-Galveston 1-hour ozone plan at 66 FR 57160, 57161 

(November 14, 2001). 

We note that there are significant emissions reductions tied to the Cleaner In-Use HeavyDuty Trucks measure and Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Engines listed in the 2009 State Strategy 

Status Report, page 5. EPA understands that the State is working on adopting revisions to these 

rules and submitting them for EPA approval or waiver under CAA section 209 as necessary. It is 

possible that the reductions from these measures and several outstanding District rules will 

reduce the percentage of the remaining portion of the enforceable commitments to below 

percent. However, until these (or other) measures are adopted, submitted, and EPA approved, as 

necessary, we believe the percentages of enforceable commitments for direct PM2.5, NOx, VOC 

and SOx relied upon by the South Coast 2007 AQMP and the revised 2007 State Strategy, do not 

represent a limited portion of the State’s current estimate of total emissions reductions needed to 

meet the statutory requirement for attainment in the South Coast nonattainment area. 

ii. The State is Capable of Fulfilling Its Commitment 

For the second factor, we consider whether the State and District are capable of fulfilling 

their commitments. 

As discussed above, CARB adopted and submitted a 2009 State Strategy Status Report 

which updates and revises the 2007 State Strategy. This report shows that CARB has made 

significant progress in meeting its enforceable commitments for the South Coast and several 

other nonattainment areas in California. The 2009 State Strategy Status Report shows that during 

2007 and 2008, the State has adopted rules for ten measures identified in the 2007 State Strategy 

and three rules that were not identified in the Strategy that will contribute to the needed PM2.5 

and PM2.5 precursor reductions needed to attain the PM2.5 NAAQS in the South Coast 

nonattainment area. The 2009 State Strategy Status Report includes a table with estimates of the 

reductions that may fulfill the CARB’s full commitment. See 2009 State Strategy Status Report, 

p. 17. 

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EPA believes that the District has also made good progress in meeting its enforceable 

commitments and that its continued efforts in committing to and adopting measures for sources 

under its jurisdiction will help the District meet its commitments. See Table F-1. 

In addition, beyond the rules discussed above, both CARB and the District have wellfunded incentive grant programs to reduce emissions from the on- and off-road engine fleets. 

While progress has been made by the District and State to achieve their enforceable 

commitments, there are still significant reductions that must be addressed in order to satisfy the 

comitments. As discussed above, the remainign portion of the enforceable commitments is 18-89 

percent of the relevant pollutants. Given the evidence of the State's and District’s efforts to date 

and their continuing efforts to reduce emissions, we believe that the State and District are 

capable of meeting their enforceable commitments to achieve total reductions of 151.7 tpd NOx , 

43.3 tpd VOC, 14.2 tpd direct PM2.5 and 22.7 tpd SO2 in the South Coast nonattainment area by 

2014. 

iii. The Commitment is for a Reasonable and Appropriate Timeframe 

Finally, for the third factor, we consider whether the commitment is for a reasonable and 

appropriate period of time. In order to meet the commitments to achieve reductions of 151.7 tpd 

NOx , 43.3 tpd VOC, 14.2 tpd direct PM2.5 and 22.7 tpd SO2 by 2014, the South Coast 2007 

AQMP and 2007 State Strategy include an ambitious rule development, adoption, and 

implementation schedule. EPA considers this schedule to provide sufficient time to achieve the 

committed reductions by 2014. As we noted before, many of the scheduled measures have been 

adopted. See Tables F-2 and F-7 above. The State and District are continuing to evaluate their 

adopted measures and the need for additional reductions from new measures. 

While we believe the State and District have povided a reasonable and appropriate 

schedule for achieving their commitments by 2014, as discussed avove, EPA is not proposing to 

grant the attainment date extension for the South Coast nonattainment area. Thus, we cannot 

currently conclude that the third factor is satisfied. 

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G. Attainment Demonstrations 

1. Requirement for Attainment Demonstrations 

CAA section 172(c) requires states to submit plans that demonstrate attainment of the 

applicable standard as expeditiously as practicable but no later than the applicable attainment 

date. Under the PM2.5 implementation rule, this demonstration should consists of four parts: 

(1) technical analyses that locate, identify, and quantify sources of emissions that are 

contributing to violations of the PM2.5 NAAQS; 

(2) analyses of future year emissions reductions and air quality improvement resulting 

from already-adopted national and local programs, and from potential new local measures 

to meet the RACT, RACM, and RFP requirements in the area; 

(3) adopted emissions reduction measure with schedules for implementation; and 

(4) contingency measures required under section 172(c)(9) of the CAA. 

See 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20605. 

The requirements for parts 1 and 2 are described in the emissions inventory, air quality 

modeling, and RACM/RACT sections of this TSD. Requirements for parts 3 and 4 are described 

in the control strategy and contingency measures sections of this TSD, respectively. In this 

section, we evaluate how these parts taken together provide or do not provide for attainment of 

the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS in the South Coast as expeditiously as practicable but no later than the 

attainment date required by the CAA. 

2. Attainment Demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The attainment demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP is in Chapter 5, “Future 

Air Quality.” It is summarized in Table G-1 below. Table G-2 shows the contribution by the 

District and CARB to the control strategy. 

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Table G-1 

Summary of Reductions Needed for South Coast’s PM2.5 Attainment 

Demonstration 

(tons per average annual day in 2014) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

A 2005 baseline emissions level 972 732 101 63 

B 2014 attainment target level* 460 474 86 20 

C Total reductions needed from 2005 baseline 

levels to attain in 2014 (A – B) 512 258 15 43 

D 2014 baseline emissions level 654 528 102 43 

Reductions from baseline measures (A-D) 318 204 (-1) 20 

% of reductions needed for attainment from 

baseline measures 

62% 79% n/a 47% 

Reductions needed from control strategy 

measures (D - B) 194 59 16 23 

% of reductions needed for attainment from 

control strategy measures 

38% 23% 106% 53% 

*The South Coast 2007 AQMP and the 2009 State Strategy use slightly different attainment targets. The CARB 

Staff Report for the South Coast 2007 AQMP presents a slightly different emissions carrying capacity which relies 

more heavily on reductions of primary PM2.5 and less heavily on reductions of precursors to PM2.5. The Staff 

Report's emission carrying capacity estimates are PM2.5 - 86 tons/day, NOx - 460 tons/day, SOx - 20 tons/day, and 

VOC - 474 tons/day (see CARB Staff Report on the South Coast AQMP, page ES-3). Therefore, the percentage 

reductions needed for attainment in this table may not add up to 100%. In the proposed rule and this TSD, we use 

the CARB Staff Report carrying capacity numbers. 

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Table G-2 

Summary of Control Strategy Reductions by Agency 

(tons per average annual day in 2014) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

Total reductions needed from baseline and 

control strategy measures to attain 

512 258 15 43 

Total reductions from control strategy measures 194 53 16 23 

District commitments 32 10 4 3 

% of total control strategy reductions from 

District commitments 

16.5% 19% 26.7% 13% 

State commitments* 152 46 9 20 

% of total control strategy reductions from State 

commitments 

78.3% 87% 60%% 87%% 

Federal assignment** 10 

(5.2%) 

-- -- --

* The 2007 State Strategy identifies 9 tpd of directly-emitted PM2.5 as the aggregate State commitment by the 2015 

attainment date (see 2009 State Strategy Status Report, page 20) but the CARB staff report for the South Coast 2007 

AQMP indicates a 12 tpd commitment. (see 2007 Staff Report, page ES-3) It is unclear whether the State’s 

commitment is for 9 tpd direct PM2.5 or 12 tpd of direct PM2.5. 

**The AQMP assigns 10 tpd of NOx reductions to the federal government. We are proposing to disapprove this 

assignment. 

Since adoption and submittal of the 2007 State Strategy and the South Coast 2007 

AQMP, both CARB and the District have adopted most of the measures in their plans, and many 

have been approved by or submitted to EPA. See Appendix B, Table B-1 in this TSD. Each 

approved measure reduces the level of the District’s and State’s commitments. Table G-3 shows 

the effect of SIP approvals or submittals on the overall level of commitments in the South Coast 

2007 AQMP. 

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Table G-3 

Reductions Needed for Attainment Remaining as Commitments based on 

Approved Measures using Plan Assumptions Regarding Emissions Reductions 

(tons per average annual day in 2014) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx Combined 

A 

Total reductions needed from 

baseline and control strategy 

measures to attain 

512 258 15 43 828 

B Reductions from baseline measures 318 204 (-1) 20 541 

C Total reductions from approved 

measures (Table F- 42.3 10.7 1.8 0.3 55.1 

Total reductions remaining as 

commitments (A-B-C) 151.7 a 43.3 14.2 22.7 221.9 

% of total reductions needed 

remaining as commitments 

30% a 18% 89% 53% 28% 

Total District commitments 32 10 4 3 49 

Total reductions from approved 

District measures 

14.5 4.3 1.2 0 20 

Total reductions remaining as District 

commitments 

17.5 5.7 2.8 3 29 

% of District’s commitments 

remaining as commitments 

55% 57% 70% 100% 59% 

Total CARB commitments 152 46 9 20 227 

Total reductions from 

approved/waived measures 

27.8 14.1 0.6 0.3 42.8 

Total reductions remaining as CARB 

commitments 

124.2 31.9 8.4 19.7 184.2 

% of CARB commitments remaining 

as commitments 

80% 86% 93% 99% 81% 

a Includes the10 tpd NOx federal assignment. 

3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

In order to approve a SIP’s attainment demonstration, EPA must make several findings 

and approve the State’s requested attainment date. 

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First, we must find that the demonstration’s technical bases -- emissions inventories and 

air quality modeling -- are adequate. As discussed above in sections II.A. and II.B., we are 

proposing to approved the emissions inventories and the air quality modeling on which the South 

Coast 2007 AQMP’s attainment demonstration is based. 

Second, we must find that the SIP provides for expeditious attainment through the 

implementation of all RACM and RACT. As discussed above in section II.D., we are proposing 

to disapprove the RACM/RACT demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP . 

Third, EPA must find that the emissions reductions that are relied on for attainment are 

creditable. As discussed in section II.F., the South Coast 2007 AQMP relies on enforceable 

commitments for almost 30 percent of the State’s current estimate of the combined emissions 

reductions needed to attain the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS in the South Coast nonattainment area. See 

Table G-3. While EPA has previously accepted enforceable commitments in lieu of adopted 

control measures in attainment demonstrations, EPA has done so only when the circumstances 

warrant it and the commitments meet three criteria. We believe that circumstances here warrant 

the consideration of enforceable commitments. We also believe that both the State and the 

District have demonstrated their capability to meet their commitments. However, the 

commitments do not constitute a limited portion of the required emissions reductions and are not 

for an appropriate timeframe. The State’s and District’s unfulfilled commitments currently 

represent 89 percent of the PM2.5 reductions, 28 percent of the NOx reductions, 18 percent of the 

VOC reductions and 53 percent of the SO2 emissions reductions currently estimated to be 

required for attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS in the South Coast nonattainment area. These 

percentages are well above the 10 percent figure generally accepted by EPA to approve an 

attainment demonstration that relies in part on enforceable commitments. 

Finally, for a PM2.5 nonattainment area that cannot attain with five years of its 

designation as nonattainment, EPA must grant an extension of the attainment date in order to 

approve the attainment demonstration for the area. As discussed above in section II.E., while 

we believe that an extension of the attainment date would be appropriate if supported by the 

necessary analysis, we are proposing to not grant the State’s request to extend the attainment date 

in the South Coast nonattainment area to April 5, 2015. 

For the foregoing reasons, we are proposing to disapprove the attainment demonstration 

in the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

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H. Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

1. Requirements for Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

CAA section 172(c)(2) requires that plans for nonattainment areas shall provide for 

reasonable further progress (RFP). RFP is defined in section 171(1) as “such annual incremental 

reductions in emissions of the relevant air pollutant as are required by this part [Part D] or may 

reasonably be required by the Administrator for the purpose of ensuring attainment of the 

applicable [NAAQS] by the applicable date.” 

The PM2.5 implementation rule requires a state to submit an RFP plan at the same time as 

its attainment demonstration for any area for which the state requests an extension of the 

attainment date beyond 2010. The RFP plan must provide emission reductions such that 

emissions in 2009 represent generally linear progress from the baseline year to the attainment 

year. Where a state requests an extension of the attainment deadline to 2014 or 2015, the state 

must additionally provide emission reductions such that emissions in 2012 represent generally 

linear progress from the baseline year to the attainment year. See 40 CFR § 51.1009(c). 72 FR 

20586 at 20633 

The RFP plan must describe the control measures that provide for meeting the reasonable 

further progress milestones for the area, the timing of implementation of those measures, and the 

expected reductions in emissions of direct PM2.5 and all PM2.5 attainment plan precursors. See 

40 CFR § 51.1009(c). 

A state is also required to demonstrate in its RFP plan that in each applicable milestone 

year (that is, 2009 and/or 2012), emissions will be at a level consistent with generally linear 

progress in reducing emissions between the base year and the attainment year. See 40 CFR § 

51.1009(d). A state may demonstration this generally linear progress by showing that emissions 

for each milestone year are either 1) roughly equivalent to benchmark emission levels for direct 

PM2.5 emission and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the plan or 2) at levels 

included in an alternative scenario that is projected to result in a generally equivalent 

improvement in air quality by the milestone year as would be achieved under the first option. 

See 40 CFR § 51.1009(g). 72 FR 20586 at 20639. 

The steps for determining the benchmark emissions levels is given in the PM2.5 

implementation rule in 40 CFR § 51.1009(f): 

(1) For direct PM2.5 emissions and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the 

attainment strategy, the full implementation reduction is calculated by subtracting the full 

implementation inventory from the baseline year inventory. The “full implementation 

inventory” is the projected RFP emission inventory for the year preceding the attainment 

date, representing a level of emissions that demonstrates attainment. The “baseline year 

inventory” is the emissions inventory for the year also used as the base year for the 

attainment demonstration (see 40 CFR § 51.1000, “Baseline year inventory”). 

(2) For direct PM2.5 emissions and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the 

attainment strategy, a benchmark emission reduction is calculated by multiplying the full 

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implementation reduction by the milestone date fraction. The “milestone date fraction” is 

the ratio of the number of years from the baseline year to the milestone inventory year 

divided by the number of years from the baseline year to the full implementation year. 

(3) The benchmark emission level in the milestone year is calculated for direct PM2.5 

emissions and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor by subtracting the benchmark 

emission reduction from the baseline year emission level. The benchmark RFP plan is 

defined as a plan that achieves benchmark emission levels for direct PM2.5 emissions and 

each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the attainment strategy for the area. 

In comparing inventories between baseline and future years for direct PM2.5 emissions 

and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor, the inventories must be derived from the same 

geographic area. The plan must include emissions estimates for all types of emitting sources and 

activities in the geographic area from which the emission inventories for direct PM2.5 emissions 

and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the plan are derived. See 40 CFR § 

51.1009(f)(5). 

The equivalence of an alternative scenario to the corresponding benchmark plan must be 

determined by comparing the expected air quality changes of the two scenarios at the design 

value monitor location. This comparison must use the information developed for the attainment 

plan to assess the relationship between emissions reductions of the direct PM2.5 emissions and 

each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the attainment strategy and the ambient air 

quality improvement for the associated ambient species. See 40 CFR § 51.1009(h). The 

preamble to the proposed PM2.5 implementation rule provides an example of an alternative 

scenario. See 70 FR 65984, at 66012-66013 (November 1, 2005). 

2. RFP Demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The RFP demonstration is in Chapter 6 of the South Coast 2007 AQMP. The 

demonstration addresses NOx, VOC, direct PM2.5, and SOx and uses the 2002 annual average day 

inventory as the baseline year inventory and 2014 as the attainment year. The 2014 attainment 

year is 12 years from the 2002 baseline year making the 2009 milestone date fraction 7/12 and 

the 2012 milestone date fraction 10/12. 

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Table H-1 

RFP Calculations 

(tons per average annual day) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

1 2002 baseline inventory (tpd) 1093 844 99 53 

2 Annual percentage change needed to 

show linear progress (%) 4.87 3.7 1.01 5.35 

3 2009 target needed to show linear 

progress (tpd) 720 625 92 33 

4 2009 remaining emissions with plan 

(tpd) 813 578 99 28 

5 Projected shortfall (tpd) 93 0 7 0 

6 2012 target needed to show linear 

progress (tpd) 561 532 89 25 

7 2012 remaining emissions with plan 

(tpd) 565 505 92 21 

8 Projected shortfall (tpd) 4 0 3 0 

9 2014 remaining emissions with plan 

(tpd) 459 464 87 19 

Source: Table 6-3A of the South Coast 2007 AQMP. 

Table H-2 

Reductions Needed from Contingency Measures to Equal One Year’s Worth of RFP 

(tons per average annual day) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

A 2002 baseline 1093 844 99 53 

B 2014 attainment 460 474 86 20 

C Emissions reductions needed for 

attainment (A-B) 633 370 13 33 

D One year’s RFP (C/12) 52.8 30.8 1.08 2.75 

E One year’s RFP as percent of 

2002 baseline 

4.8% 3.6% 5.2% 1.9% 

Source: Table 6-3A of South Coast 2007 AQMP and EPA staff calculations. 

Based on the information in the above table, the District concludes that the South Coast 

2007 AQMP meets the RFP requirement with generally linear progress towards attainment and 

by providing reductions in direct PM2.5 and precursor emissions as quickly as possible. 

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3. EPA’s Evaluation and Conclusion 

Because California has requested an attainment date of 2015 for the South Coast, the Plan 

has addressed RFP for both 2009 and 2012 as required by 40 CFR § 51.1009(c). 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP describes in Chapter 4 (Tables 4-1, 4-2 and 4-10) and 

Chapter 7 (Table 7-3) the non-baseline control measures that are relied on to meet the reasonable 

further progress milestones for the area, the timing of implementation of those measures, and the 

expected reductions in emissions of direct PM2.5 and PM2.5 attainment plan precursors as 

required by 40 CFR § 51.1009(c). 

The inventories used for comparing the baseline and future years are derived from the 

same geographic area and include emissions estimates for all types of emitting sources and 

activities in the geographic area from which the emission inventories for direct PM2.5 emissions 

and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor addressed in the Plan are derived as required 40 CFR § 

51.1009(c). 

Under the PM2.5 implementation rule, States may demonstrate generally linear progress 

by one of two methods: 1) showing emissions levels in the area will be roughly equivalent to 

benchmark emission levels for direct PM2.5 emission and each PM2.5 attainment plan precursor 

addressed in the plan or 2) at levels included in an alternative scenario that is projected to result 

in a generally equivalent improvement in air quality by the milestone year as would be achieved 

under the first option. See 40 CFR § 51.1009(g). The District uses the first method in its RFP 

demonstration. 

In preparing calculating its RFP demonstration, the District followed the procedures in by 

40 CFR § 51.1009(f) and correctly calculated its benchmark emissions levels. 

While we believe the District has demonstrated generally linear progress towards 

attainment by 2015, we are not proposing to approve the attainment date extension to 2015. We 

believe, however, that if the deficiencies identified with the attainment demonstration are 

addressed, we may then be able to approve the attainment date extension and RFP 

demonstration. See 40 CFR § 51.1009 

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TSD for the Proposed Approval 

of the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

I. Contingency Measures 

1.	 Requirement for Contingency Measures 

Section 51.1012 of the PM2.5 implementation rule implements the subpart 1 requirement 

that all PM2.5 nonattainment areas must include in their SIPs contingency measures consistent 

with section 172(c)(9). Contingency measures are additional control measures to be implemented 

in the event that an area fails to meet RFP or fails to attain the standards by its attainment date. 

These contingency measures must be fully adopted rules or control measures that are ready to be 

implemented quickly upon failure to meet RFP or failure of the area to meet the standard by its 

attainment date. The contingency measures should consist of other control measures for the area 

that are not included in the control strategy for the SIP. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20642 

The key requirements associated with contingency measures are: 

•	 Contingency measures must be fully adopted rules or control measures that are 

ready to be implemented quickly upon failure to meet RFP or failure of the area to 

meet the standard by its attainment date. 

•	 The SIP should contain trigger mechanisms for the contingency measures, specify 

a schedule for implementation, and indicate that the measures will be 

implemented without further action by the State or by EPA. 

•	 The contingency measures should consist of other control measures for the area 

that are not included in the control strategy for the SIP. 

•	 The measures should provide for emission reductions equivalent to about 1 year 

of reductions needed for RFP, based on the overall level of reductions needed to 

demonstrate attainment divided by the number of years from the base year to the 

attainment year. 

See 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20643. 

The April 16, 1992 General Preamble (57 FR 13498, 13512) provided the following 

guidance on contingency measures which continues to be applicable: 

States must show that their contingency measures can be implemented without further 

action on their part and with no additional rulemaking actions such as public hearings or 

legislative review. In general, EPA will expect all actions needed to affect full 

implementation of the measures to occur within 60 days after EPA notifies the State of its 

failure.” 

Contingency measures can include Federal measures and local measures already 

scheduled for implementation, as explained below. EPA has approved numerous SIPs under this 

interpretation—i.e., that use as contingency measures one or more Federal or local measures that 

are in place and provide reductions that are in excess of the reductions required by the attainment 

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demonstration or RFP plan. (62 FR 15844, April 3, 1997; 62 FR 66279, December 18, 1997; 66 

FR 30811, June 8, 2001; 66 FR 586 and 66 FR 634, January 3, 2001.) 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 

2007), at 20642. 

The key to this approach is that the statute requires that contingency measures provide for 

additional emission reductions that are not relied on for RFP or attainment and that are not 

included in these demonstrations. The purpose is to provide a cushion while the plan is being 

revised to meet the missed milestone. In other words, contingency measures are intended to 

achieve reductions over and beyond those relied on in the attainment and RFP demonstrations. 

Nothing in the statute precludes a State from implementing such measures before they are 

triggered. In fact, a court ruling upheld contingency measures that were previously required and 

implemented where they were in excess of the attainment demonstration and RFP SIP. See LEAN 

v. EPA, 382 F.3d 575, 5th Circuit, 2004. 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007), at 20642 

2. Contingency Measures in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

The attainment plan for the South Coast includes contingency measures to be 

implemented if the area fails to attain by its attainment date or fails to meet RFP requirements. 

The South Coast contingency measures are described in Chapter 9 of the South Coast 2007 

AQMP and discussed in more detail in Appendix IV-A, section 2 of the AQMP. They are 

described below. 

CARB discusses the contingency measure provision in Appendix D of the 2007 State 

Strategy. This discussion is addresses the contingency measure provisions for California’s 8­

hour ozone plans and not the PM2.5 plans. 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP describes the contingency measures in the following way, 

“Although implementation of these measures is expected to reduce emissions, there are issues 

that limit the viability of these measures as AQMP control measures at this time. Issues 

surrounding these measures include, but are not limited to availability of District resources to 

implement and enforce the measures, cost-effectiveness of the measure, potential adverse 

environmental impacts, potential economic impacts, effectiveness of emissions reductions, and 

availability of methods to quantify emissions reductions.” South Coast 2007 AQMP, page 9-1. 

The contingency measures do not meet the requirements of the CAA, namely the requirements 

for these contingency measures to be fully adopted or otherwise ready for quick implementation, 

for trigger mechanisms and an implementation schedule, and the AQMP does not provide for 

quantification of emissions reductions demonstrating the equivalent of one year of RFP for any 

of the suggested contingency measures. 

CTY-01 - Offsetting potential emissions increase due to change in natural gas specifications 

This proposed contingency measure requires RECLAIM facilities that use natural gas of a 

quality that creates more emissions to offset these emissions for all pollutants. The measure is 

listed as a “Remaining 2003 AQMP Revision Control Measure” and thus was relied on in the 

2003 AQMP for attainment. In addition, the reductions are not quantified, and may be zero, since 

the proposed measure may only reduce future emissions increases rather than provide net 

reductions. There is no trigger mechanism, and the AQMP does not quantify the reductions 

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associated with this measure. For these reasons, this proposed measure does not meet CAA 

requirements for contingency measures. 

CTY – 02 – Clean Air Act Emission Fees for Major Stationary Sources – This proposed 

contingency measure would use fees generated from the District’s Rule 317, Clean Air Act 

Nonattainment Fees, to achieve emissions reductions. The implementation of Rule 317 is 

triggered by a failure of the South Coast to attain the 1-hour standard by its applicable attainment 

date (which can occur no earlier than November 15, 2010) and not by any failure to make RFP or 

to attain the PM2.5 NAAQS, a minimum requirement for contingency measures for PM2.5 SIPs. 

There is no implementation schedule provided, and the AQMP does not quantify the reductions 

associated with this measure. For these reasons, this proposed measure does not meet CAA 

requirements for contingency measures. 

CTY-03 - Banning pre-Tier 3 off road diesel engines on High Pollution Advisory (HPA) days – 

This proposed contingency measure would complement a CARB rule which proposed to 

establish declining fleet average emissions levels for off-road equipment over 25 horsepower 

(hp). The District proposed a complementary measure, SC-OFFRD-1, which would ban the use 

of pre-Tier 3 off-road diesel engines after 2023 on HPA days should the South Coast Air Basin 

fail to meet the 8-hour ozone standard. This proposed contingency measure would require 

additional rulemaking at the District level, as it is not currently adopted. It also would be 

implemented too late in time to provide for RFP or contingency reductions for PM2.5 RFP or 

attainment. In addition, the AQMP does not quantify the reductions associated with this measure. 

For these reasons, this proposed measure does not meet CAA requirements for contingency 

measures. 

CTY-04 - Accelerated implementation of CARB’s mobile source measures – This proposed 

contingency measure, which could function as both an RFP and an attainment contingency 

measure, requires the District’s Board to request that CARB accelerate the adoption and/or 

implementation of the remaining control measures that have not been adopted or fully 

implemented by one year. South Coast 2007 AQMP, page 9-3. Under CAA section 172(c)(9) 

and EPA’s long-standing policies interpreting this section, contingency measures must require 

minimal additional rulemaking by the State and take effect within a few months of a failure to 

make RFP or to attain. This proposed contingency measure would require additional rulemaking 

at the District level and potentially substantial and lengthy additional rulemaking at the State 

level to be implemented. There is no trigger mechanism or implementation schedule provided, 

and the AQMP does not quantify the reductions associated with this measure For these reasons, 

this proposed measure does not meet CAA requirements for contingency measures. 

Post-Attainment-Year Emissions Reductions. We note that we are not proposing to approve the 

attainment date extension. However, even if it were approved, excess reductions in 2015/2016 

from CARB mobile source measures do not fully address the contingency measure requirement 

for the PM2.5 attainment year. There is no calculation of the emissions reductions equivalent of 

one year’s work of RFP in the South Coast 2007 AQMP. However, from information in the Plan, 

we calculate one year’s worth of RFP to be 1.08 tpd PM2.5, 52.8 tpd NOx, 30.8 tpd of VOC, and 

2.75 tpd SO2. See TSD, section II.H, and CARB Staff Report on the 2007 South Coast AQMP, 

Appendix A. However, CARB’s mobile source measures do not provide sufficient NOx 

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reductions to meet one year’s worth of RFP; therefore, post-attainment-year emissions reductions 

cannot be used to meet the CAA contingency measure requirement. 

3. Proposed Action on the Contingency Measures 

The South Coast 2007 AQMP includes suggestions for several measures that do not meet 

the CAA’s minimum requirements (e.g., no additional rulemaking, surplus to attainment and 

RFP needs). The AQMP, however, indicates that the measures proposed by the District are not 

adopted, and does not quantify the expected emissions reductions so we can gauge if they 

provide reductions equivalent to one year’s worth of RFP. For the reasons stated above, we are 

proposing to disapprove the District’s contingency measures in the South Coast 2007 AQMP for 

PM2.5. The approvability issues related to the South Coast 2007 AQMP’s contingency measures 

are listed in Table J-1. 

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Draft TSD for the Proposed Approval 

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Table J-1. Summary of Approvability of Contingency Measures from the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

Measure 

RFP or 

Attainment 

Contingenc 

y Measure? 

Approvable 

as a 

Contingency 

Measure? 

Comment 

Quantified Reductions 

(Tons per Average Annual Day) 

NOx VOC PM2.5 SOx 

Offsetting potential 

emissions increase due 

to change in natural 

gas specifications 

Attainment No 

Not triggered by failure to 

make RFP or attain; 

reductions associated with 

this measure may only 

offset potential increases 

and not provide net 

reductions; reductions not 

quantified; control measure 

in 2003 AQMP. 

Not quantified 

Ozone Nonattainment 

Area Fee 

2012 RFP 

milestone/ 

Attainment 

No 

Not triggered by failure to 

make RFP or attain for the 

PM2.5 standard; reductions 

not quantified;. 

Not quantified 

Banning pre-Tier 3 off 

road diesel engines on 

High Pollution 

Advisory (HPA) days 

Attainment No 

Does not trigger until 2023; 

would require additional 

rulemaking; reductions not 

quantified;. 

Request CARB to 

expedite 

implementation of 

mobile source controls 

Both No 

Would require additional 

rulemaking at District and 

State level; reductions not 

quantified;. 

Not quantified 

Post-Attainment year 

emissions reductions* RFP No 

Insufficient excess 

reductions in RFP 

demonstration to meet 1 

year of required NOx 

reductions; reductions not 

quantified; 

Not quantified in plan 

*Calculated by EPA staff as the difference in total emissions in the on-road mobile and other mobile sources categories between 2014 and 2015 on page72 (NOx) 

of 2007 State Strategy, Appendix A. See also Table H-2 of this TSD, where one year of RFP reductions is calculated. 

EPA- Region 9 Page 

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J. Adequacy of the Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets in the South Coast 2007 

AQMP 

1. Requirements for Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

CAA section 176(c) requires Federal actions in nonattainment and maintenance areas to 

conform to the SIP’s goals of eliminating or reducing the severity and number of violations of 

the NAAQS and achieving expeditious attainment of the standards. Conformity to the SIP’s 

goals means that such actions will not: (1) cause or contribute to violations of a NAAQS, (2) 

worsen the severity of an existing violation, or (3) delay timely attainment of any NAAQS or any 

interim milestone. 

Actions involving Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or Federal Transit 

Administration (FTA) funding or approval are subject to the EPA’s transportation conformity 

rule, codified at 40 CFR part 93, subpart A. Under this rule, metropolitan planning organizations 

(MPOs) in nonattainment and maintenance areas coordinate with state and local air quality and 

transportation agencies, EPA, FHWA, and FTA to demonstrate that an area’s regional 

transportation plans (RTP) and regional transportation improvement programs (RTIP) conform 

to the applicable SIP. This demonstration is typically done by showing that estimated emissions 

from existing and planned highway and transit systems are less than or equal to the motor vehicle 

emissions budgets (budgets) contained in the SIP. An attainment, maintenance, or RFP SIP 

should include budgets for the attainment year, each required RFP year or the last year of the 

maintenance plan, as appropriate. Budgets are generally established for specific years and 

specific pollutants or precursors. 

PM2.5 attainment and RFP plans should identify budgets for direct PM2.5 and all PM2.5 

attainment plan precursors. All direct PM2.5 SIP budgets should include direct PM2.5 motor 

vehicle emissions from tailpipe emissions, brake wear, and tire wear. A state must also consider 

whether re-entrained paved and unpaved road dust or highway and transit construction dust are 

significant contributors and should be included in the direct PM2.5 budget. See 40 CFR § 

93.102(b) and § 93.122(f) and the conformity rule preamble at 69 FR, 40004, 40031–40036 

(July 1, 2004). In determining whether the on-road mobile source emissions of a PM2.5 

attainment plan precursor are significant, state and local agencies should use the criteria for 

insignificance findings provided in 40 CFR § 93.109(k). See also 70 FR 24280, 24282-24287 

(May 6, 2005). 

Before an MPO may use budgets in a submitted SIP, EPA must first determine that the 

budgets are adequate. In order for us to find the budgets adequate and eventually approvable, the 

submittal must meet the conformity adequacy requirements of 40 CFR § 93.118(e)(4) and be 

approvable under all pertinent SIP requirements. The budgets must reflect all of the motor 

vehicle control measures contained in the attainment and RFP demonstrations. See 40 CFR § 

93.118(e)(4)(v). 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

As submitted on November 28, 2007, the 2007 South Coast AQMP included a set of 

PM2.5 budgets for RFP years 2009 and 2012, the attainment year 2014, and analysis years 2023 

and 2030 for directly emitted PM2.5, VOC, and NOx. See CARB Resolution 07-05, which 

revised the budgets in the 2007 South Coast AQMP as adopted by the SCAQMD, and which was 

included in the November 28, 2007 submittal. We refer to these budgets as the “original” 

budgets. 

3. May 6, 2008 Adequacy/Inadequacy Finding 

On April 30, 2008, CARB submitted a SIP revision that replaces the original set of PM2.5 

budgets with two new sets of budgets (“replacement” budgets). One set of the replacement 

budgets is referred to as “SIP-based” budgets, and the other set is referred to as “baseline” 

budgets. In its April 30, 2008 submittal, CARB requests that EPA give primary consideration to 

the “SIP-based” budgets and only find the “baseline” budgets to be adequate if EPA cannot find 

the “SIP-based” budgets adequate in their entirety. 

The replacement budgets submitted on April 30, 2008 differ from the original budgets in 

that they reflect the EPA-approved EMFAC2007 motor vehicle emissions factor model (see 73 

FR 3464, January 18, 2008) rather than the District’s CEPA emission factor model, which had 

been used for the original budgets. The “SIP-based” budgets reflect emissions reductions from 

rules adopted by October 2006 and also from control measures CARB expects to adopt in 

regulatory form in the future. The “baseline” budgets differ from the “SIP-based” budgets by 

excluding emission reductions from control measures in the 2007 State Strategy that had not 

been adopted in regulatory form by October 2006.71 Moreover, the “baseline” budgets are only 

established for RFP years 2009 and 2012 whereas the “SIP-based” budgets are established for 

the RFP years, the attainment year, and analysis years 2023 and 2030. The two sets of PM2.5 

budgets (i.e., the replacement budgets) are shown in Tables J-1 and J-2, below. 

Table J-1. “SIP-based” PM2.5 Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets (annual average tons per 

day) 

Budget 

Year 

2009 

2012 

2014 

2023 

2030 

VOC 

196 

139 

122 

89 

75 

NOx 

413 

276 

201 

131 

121 

PM2.5 

38 

37 

33 

37 

39 

71 With respect to the “SIP-based” budget for RFP year 2009, however, CARB did exclude the emissions 

reductions from measures not adopted by October 2006. Thus, the “SIP-based” PM2.5 budget for 2009 is the same as 

the “baseline” PM2.5 budget for that year. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table J-2. “Baseline” PM2.5 Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets (annual average tons per 

day) 

Budget 

Year 

2009 

2012 

VOC 

196 

163 

NOx 

413 

337 

PM2.5 

38 

38 

On May 6, 2008, we notified CARB that we had found the “SIP-based” PM2.5 budgets for 

the 2007 South Coast AQMP, as submitted on April 30, 2008, did not meet certain adequacy 

requirements under 40 CFR 93.118(e)(4) and (5) and concluded that they were inadequate for 

transportation conformity purposes. See letter and enclosures, dated May 6, 2008 from Deborah 

Jordan, Director, Air Division, EPA Region IX, to James Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB, a 

copy of which has been placed in the docket for this rulemaking. However, in our May 2008 

adequacy determination, we found the “baseline” PM2.5 budgets for the RFP years 2009 and 2012 

to be adequate. Generally, we found the “SIP-based” budgets to be inadequate because they 

reflected control measures not yet adopted in regulatory form and thus not adequately quantified 

or supported by the plan. In contrast, we found the “baseline” PM2.5 budgets to be consistent with 

the plan’s RFP demonstration and to be based on adopted mobile source regulations that have 

already been implemented. Our notice of adequacy/inadequacy was published on May 15, 2008 

at 73 FR 28110 (corrected on June 18, 2008 at 73 FR 34837) and was effective on May 30, 2008. 

The finding is available on EPA’s transportation conformity website at 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/transconf/pastsips.htm. 

4. EPA’s Proposed Action on the Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

As explained in the May 15, 2008 Federal Register notice, an adequacy review is separate 

from EPA’s completeness and full plan review, and should not be used to prejudge EPA’s 

ultimate approval action for the SIP. Even if we find a budget adequate, the SIP and the 

associated budget could later be disapproved. 

Now that we have completed a thorough review of the entire South Coast 2007 AQMP 

for CAA and EPA regulations for PM2. nonattainment area SIPs, which is described above in this 

technical support document and in our proposed action, we have concluded that the “SIP-based” 

budgets are not precisely quantified because the new emission reductions do not result from 

adequately specified control measures, and that the plan as a whole will not ensure RFP and 

attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS and does not show a clear relationship between the “SIPbased” budgets and the emissions inventory and control measures. We have also determined that 

we must propose disapprove the RFP demonstration in the South Coast 2007 AQMP, and 

therefore cannot propose to approve the RFP budgets. Specifically the budgets, when considered 

together with all other emissions sources, are inconsistent with the applicable requirements for 

reasonable further progress and attainment. 

Thus, we propose to disapprove both the “baseline” and the “SIP-based” PM2.5 budgets 

(shown in Table J-1 and J-2 above) for transportation conformity purposes. SCAG and the U.S. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Department of Transportation are not currently using the “SIP-based” budgets in transportation 

conformity determinations due the inadequacy finding made in 2008. If the proposed disapproval 

of the budgets is finalized, then neither the “baseline” or “SIP-based” budgets could be used in 

transportation conformity determinations after the effective date of the disapproval.72 

In summary, for the reasons discussed above, we are now proposing disapproval of the 

“SIP-based” PM2.5 budgets that we previously had determined to be inadequate. Because we are 

proposing to disapprove the RFP demonstration, we are proposing to disapprove the “baseline” 

PM2.5 budgets for RFP years 2009 and 2012 that we previously determined to be adequate as 

well. 

72 Note that the RFP budgets that EPA found adequate on May 6, 2008 remain adequate for transportation 

conformity purposes unless and until a final action disapproving them becomes effective. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K. Mid-Course Review 

1. Requirement for Mid-Course Review Submittal 

Under 40 CFR § 51.1011 of the PM2.5 implementation rule, each area with an approved 

attainment date in 2014 or 2015 is required to submit a mid-course review by April 2011. The 

midcourse review is to include an updated attainment demonstration as well as a review of the 

implementation status of measures included in the April 2008 submittal and a review of recent 

air quality data, as well as new or revised control measures necessary to ensure attainment by the 

applicable attainment date. The midcourse review is in lieu of RFP milestone reviews or any 

other form of tracking to ensure reasonable progress in reducing emissions is occurring. See 72 

FR 20586, 20641. 

The specific elements that must be included in MCR are given in § 51.1011(b). These 

elements are: 

(1) A review of emissions reductions and progress made in implementing control 

measures to reduce emissions of direct PM2.5 and PM2.5 attainment plan precursors 

contributing to PM2.5 concentrations in the area; 

(2) An analysis of changes in ambient air quality data for the area; 

(3) Revised air quality modeling analysis to demonstrate attainment; and 

(4) Any new or revised control measures adopted by the State, as necessary to ensure 

attainment by the attainment date in the approved SIP of the nonattainment area. 

Neither the CAA nor EPA regulations require States to address the midcourse review 

requirement in their attainment and RFP plans due in 2008. 

2. MCR Requirement in the South Coast 2007 AQMP 

We anticipate receiving a mid-course review from the State in April 2011. 

3. EPA’s Analysis and Conclusion 

SCAQMD is already taking the initial steps in preparing its PM2.5 MCR. EPA will work 

closely with the District, ARB, and other interested parties to assure that the MCR address the 

required elements as well as any other elements that may be needed to address deficiencies 

identified with the South Coast 2007 AQMP or the revised 2007 State Strategy as it affects the 

PM2.5 attainment plan for the South Coast Air Basin. 
Appendix A–CARB Rules and Measures
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

A. Complete List of State Measures 

Appendix Table A-1 is a list of all measures adopted by CARB from 1990 until the end 

of 2006. This period covers the 18 years prior to the development of the 2007 State Strategy and 

the South Coast 2007 AQMP. The table should include any substantive rules that would still be 

generating emissions reductions in the South Coast nonattainment area during the 2005-2014 

period covered by the South Coast 2007 AQMP and thus reflected in the baseline for the South 

Coast 2007 AQMP. 

This list does not include the limits on pesticide emissions adopted by the California 

Department of Pesticide Regulation nor the State’s inspection and maintenance program adopted 

by the California Bureau of Automotive Repair. 

Measures that are categorized as “Not Applicable” are either solely administrative (e.g., 

permit fees, state ambient air quality standards), do not address particulate matter or a PM2.5 

attainment plan precursors in the South Coast nonattainment area (e.g., asbestos toxic control 

measure), or otherwise do not affect emissions in the South Coast nonattainment area (e.g., test 

methods). 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Antiperspirant/Deodorants. T 17, CCR, 94500­

94506 11/09/89 Consumer products 

Transported Pollutants (Ozone). T 17, CCR, 70500 12/04/89 Not applicable 

Emission Control System Warranty. T 13, CCR, 

2035-2041, 1977 12/14/89 On-road 

Non-vehicular Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94002, 

94003 17, &26, 94146-94149, 94132, 94135, 

94139, 94140 

01/11/90 Not applicable 

Certification Procedure for Aftermarket Parts. VC 

27156 & 38391 02/08/90 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Asbestos in 

Surfacing Applications. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93106 04/12/90 Not applicable 

Test Method for Asbestos in Serpentine Aggregate. 

T 17, & 26, CCR, 94147, Method 435 04/12/90 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700-90704, 93300-93347 05/10/90 Not applicable 

Airborne Air Toxic Measure for Ethylene Oxide 

from Sterilizers & Aerators. T 17, CCR, 93108 05/10/90 Not applicable 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.1, 90800, 90802-90803 05/10/90 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-1 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93300­

93347 

06/14/90 Not applicable 

Consumer Products Regulations for the BAAQMD. 

T 17, CCR, 94520-94526 06/14/90 Consumer products 

Criteria for Area Designations for the State Ambient 

Air Quality Standard. T 17, CCR, 70303 & 70304 06/14/90 Not applicable 

Emission Standards for Medium Duty Vehicles. T 

13, CCR, 1900, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1968.1, 2061, 2112, 

2139 

06/14/90 On-road 

Wintertime Limits for Sulfur in Diesel Fuel. T 13, 

CCR, 2255 06/21/90 Fuels 

Dioxins Airborne Toxic Control Measure for 

Medical Waste Incinerators. T 17, CCR, 93104 07/12/90 Not applicable 

Emission Reduction Accounting Procedures for 

California Clean Air Act. T 17, CCR, 70700-70704 07/12/90 Not applicable 

Identification of Inorganic Arsenic as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 07/12/90 Not applicable 

Evaporative Emission Standards. T 13, CCR, 1976 08/09/90 On-road 

Transport Mitigation Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

70600-70601 08/09/90 Not applicable 

Air Toxic Fee Schedule & Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, & 26, CCR, 90700­

90704, 93300-93347 

09/13/90 Not applicable 

California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG), Phase 

I. T 13, CCR, 2251.5 09/27/90 Fuels 

Low Emission Vehicles and Clean Fuels. T 13, 

CCR, 1900, 1904, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1960.1.5, 1960.5 

and 2111, 2112, 2125, and 2139, 2061. 

09/28/90 On-road 

Identification of Trichloroethylene as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 10/11/90 Not applicable 

Phase I - Consumer Products. T 17, CCR, 94507­

94517 10/11/90 Consumer products 

Controls for Abrasive Blasting. T 17, CCR, 92000, 

92200, 92400, 98500, 98510, 92520, 92530 11/08/90 Not applicable 

Heavy Duty Diesel Smoke Emission Testing. T 13, 

CCR, 2180-2187 11/08/90 On-road 

Revision to Designation Criteria. T 17, CCR, 

60200-60204, 60208 11/08/90 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-2 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Identification of Vinyl Chloride as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 11/13/90 Not applicable 

Conflict of Interest Code. T 17, CCR, 95001, et. 

seq. 12/13/90 Not applicable 

Emission Standards for Utility and Lawn and 

Garden Engines. T 17, CCR, 2400 et. seq. 12/13/90 Off-road 

Identification of Chloroform as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 12/13/90 Not applicable 

Limit on Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuel. T 13, 

CCR, 2256 12/13/90 Fuels 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.2, 90801, 90803 02/24/91 Not applicable 

Acid Deposition Fee Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

90621.2, 90620, 90622 04/11/91 Not applicable 

Non -Vehicular Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94131, 

94132, 94142 

04/11/91 Not applicable 

Administrative Hearing Procedures. T 17, CCR, 

60075.1, 60075.47 05/09/91 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700 - 90705 06/13/91 Not applicable 

Agricultural Burning Guidelines. T 17, 80130, 

80150, 80250, 80260, 80290 07/11/91 Not applicable 

Identification of Metallic & Inorganic Nickel 

Compounds as a Toxic Air Contaminant. T 17, & 

26, 93000 

08/08/91 Not applicable 

Onboard Diagnostics for Light-Duty Trucks and 

Light & Medium-Duty Motor Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 

1977, 1968.1 

09/12/91 On-road 

Identification of Perchloroethylene as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 10/10/91 Not applicable 

State Ambient Air Quality Standard for SO2. T 17, 

CCR, 70100, 70200, 70201 10/10/91 Not applicable 

Onboard Diagnostic, Phase II. T 13, CCR, 1968.1, 

1977 11/12/91 On-road 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60200, 60209 11/14/91 Not applicable 

Low Emission Vehicles amendments revising 

reactivity adjustment factor (RAF) provisions and 

adopting a RAF for M85 transitional low emission 

vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1960.1 

11/14/91 On-road 

California Reformulated Gasoline, Phase II. T 13, 

CCR, 2250, 2255.1, 2252, 2260 - 2272, 2295 11/21/91 Fuels 

Wintertime Gasoline Program. T 13, CCR, 2258, 

2298, 2251.5, 2296 11/21/91 Fuels 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-3 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Specifications for Alternative Motor Vehicle Fuel. 

T 13, & 26, CCR, 2290, 2291, 2292.1, 2292.2, 

2292.3, 2292.5, 2292.6, 2292.7, 1960.1(k), 

1956.8(b), 1956.8(d) 

12/12/91 Fuels 

Heavy Duty Diesel Cycle Engines. T 13, CCR, 

2420-2427 01/09/92 Off-road 

Phase II - Consumer Products. T 17, CCR, 94501, 

94502, 94505, 94514, 94503.5, 94506, 94507 - 

94513, 94515 

01/09/92 Consumer products 

Identification of Formaldehyde as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 03/12/92 Not applicable 

Specifications for Alternative Motor Vehicle Fuels. 

T 13, & 26, CCR, 2290-2292.7, 1960.1(k), 

1956.8(b), 1956.8(d) 

03/12/92 On-road 

Atmospheric Acidity Protection Fees. T 17, CCR, 

90621.3 04/09/92 Not applicable 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.3, 90803 04/09/92 Not applicable 

Criteria for Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 70303, 

70304 05/14/92 Not applicable 

Standards and Test Procedures for Alternative Fuel 

Retrofit Systems. T 13, CCR, 2030, 2031 05/14/92 On-road 

Transported Air Pollutants. T 17, CCR, 70500 05/28/92 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90701, 90704, 90705 07/09/92 Not applicable 

Identification of 1.3 Butadiene as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 07/09/92 Not applicable 

Phase 2 RFG certification fuel specifications. T 13, 

CCR, 1960.1, 1956.8(d) 08/13/92 On-road 

CFC Refrigerants in Air Conditioning Systems. T 

13, CCR, 2500 09/10/92 Not applicable 

Substitute Fuel or Clean Fuel Incorporated Test 

Procedures. T 13, CCR, 1960.1(k), 2317 11/12/92 On-road 

Notice of General Public Interest for Consumer 

Products. T 17, CCR, 94507 - 94517 11/30/92 Consumer products 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Emission of 

Toxic Metals from Non-Ferrous Metal Melting. T 

17, & 26, CCR, 93107 

12/10/92 Not applicable 

Criteria for Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 

70303.5, 60200-60203, 60205, 70303 12/10/92 Not applicable 

Smoke Self Inspection Program for Heavy Duty 

Diesel & Gasoline Engines. T 13, CCR, 2190­

2194, 2180-2187, 1956.8(b) 

12/10/92 On-road 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-4 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Certification Requirements for Low Emission 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks & Medium Duty 

Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1960.1, 1976, 2061, 1900 

01/14/93 On-road 

Transport Mitigation Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

70600, 70601 03/11/93 Not applicable 

1-year Implementation Delay in Emission Standards 

for Utility Engines. T 13, CCR, 2400, 2403-2407 04/08/93 Off-road 

Acid Deposition Fee Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

90622, 90621.4 04/08/93 Not applicable 

Identification of Federal Hazardous Air Pollutants 

as Toxic Air Contaminants. T 17, & 26, CCR, 

93001, 39665, 39666 

04/08/93 Not applicable 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.4, 90803 04/08/93 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93300­

93347 

06/10/93 Not applicable 

Urban Transit Buses. T 13, CCR, 1956.8, 1965, 

2112 06/10/93 On-road 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700-90705 07/08/93 Not applicable 

Onboard Diagnostic, Phase II. T 13, CCR, 1968.1 07/09/93 On-road 

Mitigation Transport Pollutants. T 17, CCR, 70500, 

70600 08/12/93 Not applicable 

Wintertime Oxygenate Program. T 13, CCR, 2258, 

2251.5, 2263(b), 2267, 2298, 2259, 2283, 2293.5 09/09/93 Fuels 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for 

Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning. T 17, & 26, CCR, 

93109, 93110 

10/14/93 Not applicable 

Diesel Fuel Regulations - Emergency. T 13, CCR, 

2281(h), 2282(1) 10/15/93 Fuels 

Conflict of Interest. T 17, CCR, 90500 11/18/93 Not applicable 

Criteria for Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60200­

60202, 60204, 60206, 60208, 70300-70306 11/18/93 Not applicable 

Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 

2410-2414, 2111-2140 01/03/94 Off-road 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures. T 13, CCR, 1976 02/10/94 On-road 

SCAQMD's Reclaim Consideration 03/10/94 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-5 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

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Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.5, 90803 04/14/94 Not applicable 

Predictive Model for Phase II CaRFG. T 13, CCR, 

2261, 2262-2270 06/09/94 Fuels 

Small Refiner Diesel. T 13, CCR, 2282(e)(1) 07/24/94 Fuels 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700-90705 07/28/94 Not applicable 

Utility and Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines. 

T 13, CCR, 2403(c), 11(a)(1)(I)(ii), 4(a)(1)(I)(ii) 07/28/94 Off-road 

Alternative Control Plan for Consumer Products. T 

17, CCR, 94540-94555 09/22/94 Consumer products 

Diesel Fuel Certification. T 13, CCR, 

1956.8(b)&(d), 1960.1(k), 2292.6 09/22/94 Fuels 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60204 11/09/94 Not applicable 

Self Inspection Program for Heavy Duty Diesel & 

Gasoline Engines. T 13, CCR, 2190-2194, 2180­

2187, 1956.8(b) 

11/09/94 On-road 

Onboard Diagnostics, Phase II. T 13, CCR,1963.1, 

& Certification Procedures 

12/08/94 On-road 

Periodic Smoke Inspection Program. T 13, CCR, 

2190 12/08/94 On-road 

Specification for Alternative Motor Vehicle Fuels 

(M100). T 13 CCR, 2292.1 12/08/94 Fuels 

Aerosol Coating Products and Alternative Control 

Plan. T 17, CCR, 94520-94528, 94540-94543, 

94547... 

03/23/95 Consumer products 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.6, 90803 04/27/95 Not applicable 

Employee-Based Trip Reductions Emission 

Formula. T 13, CCR, 2330, 2331, 2332 06/29/95 Not applicable 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17, CCR, 

94010-94015, 94150-94160, 94000-94004, 94007. 06/29/95 Vapor Recovery 

Heavy Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards. 

T 13, CCR, 1956.8 and incorporate test procedures. 06/29/95 On-road 

Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery Standards. T 

13, CCR, 1976, 1978 and incorporate test 

procedures 

06/29/95 On-road 

Test Method for Oxygen in Gasoline. T 13, CCR, 

2251.5(c), 2258(c), 2263(b) 06/29/95 Fuels 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-6 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Retrofit Emission Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.9, 

2030, 2031, and incorporate test procedures 

07/27/95 On-road 

Antiperspirants and Deodorants, Consumer 

Products, and Aerosol Coating Products. T 17, 

CCR, 94500-94506, 94508, 94521 

09/28/95 Consumer products 

Low Emission Vehicle Standards 3 (LEV 3). T 13, 

CCR, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1965, 2101, 2061, 2062, and 

incorporate test procedures 

09/28/95 On-road 

Test Methods for CaRFG 13, CCR, 2263(b) 10/26/95 Fuels 

Required Additives in Gasoline (Deposit Control 

Additives). T 13, CCR, 2257 and incorporates 

testing procedures. 

11/16/95 Fuels 

CaRFG Housekeeping & CARBOB. T 13, CCR, 

2263.7, 2266.5, 2260, 2262.5, 2264, 2265, 2272 12/14/95 Fuels 

Exemption of Military Tactical Vehicles. T 13, 

CCR, 1905, 2400, 2420 12/14/95 On Road/Off Road 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, 

CCR, 90700-90705 and Appendix A 01/25/96 Not applicable 

CaRFG Variance Requirements. T 13, CCR, 2271 

(Emergency) 01/25/96 Fuels 

Relaxation of Carbon Monoxide Emission 

Standards for Utility Engines. T 13, CCR, 2403 and 

incorporating test procedures 

01/25/96 Off-road 

Postpone Zero Emission Vehicle Requirements. T 

13, CCR, 1900, 1960.1, 1976 03/28/96 On-road 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90803, 90800.7 04/25/96 Not applicable 

Basin Boundaries for Agricultural Burning (Mojave 

Desert, South Coast & Salton Sea). T 17, CCR, 

60104, 60109, 60114, 80280, 80311 

05/30/96 Not applicable 

Regulation Improvement and Repeal. T 17, CCR, 

93301-93355, Appendix A-E (emissions inventory) 05/30/96 Not applicable 

Regulation Improvements and Repeals (fuel 

additives). T 13, CCR, 2201, 2202 05/30/96 Fuels 

Emissions Inventory Criteria & Guideline Report. 

T 17, CCR, 93300.5 07/25/96 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, 

CCR, 90701-90705 Appendix A to §§ 90700-90705 09/26/96 Not applicable 

Stationary Source Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 

94105, 94107, 94114, 94135, 94141, 94143, 94161 09/26/96 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-7 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Wintertime Requirements for Utility Engines & 

Off-Highway Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 2403 09/26/96 Off-road 

Diesel Fuel Certification Test Methods . T 13, 

CCR, 1956.8(b), 1960.1(k), 2281(c), 2282(b), (c) 

and (g) 

10/24/96 Fuels 

Diesel Fuel Test Methods. T 13, CCR, 1956.8(b), 

1960.1(k), 2281(c), 2282(b), (c) and (g) 10/24/96 Fuels 

Antiperspirants and Deodorants, Consumer 

Products, Aerosol Coating Products (ARB Test 

Method 310). T 17, CCR, 94506(a), 94515(a), 

94526 

11/21/96 Consumer products 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201-60209 11/21/96 Not applicable 

Consumer Products and Aerosol Coating Products 

Amendments. T 17, CCR, 94508-94515, 99517, 

94321 

11/21/96 Consumer products 

Transport Pollutants. T 17, CCR, 70500, 70600 11/21/96 Not applicable 

Onboard Diagnostics, Phase II, Technical Status. T 

13, CCR, 1968.1, 2030, 2031 12/12/96 On-road 

Consumer Products (Hair Spray) Amendments. T 

17, CCR, 94509, 94513, 94514 03/27/97 Consumer products 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Propane Limit 

Specification Delay. T 13, CCR, 2292.6 03/27/97 Fuels 

Portable Equipment Registration Program. T 13, 

CCR, 2450-2465 03/27/97 Off-road 

Identification of Inorganic Lead as Toxic Air 

Contaminant (TAC). T 17, CCR, 93000 04/24/97 Not applicable 

Interchangeable Emission Reduction Credits. T 17, 

CCR, 91500 05/22/97 Not applicable 

Postpone Enhanced Evaporative Emission 

Requirements for Ultra-Small Volume Vehicle 

Manufacturers. T 13, CCR, 1976 and incorporate 

test procedures 

05/22/97 On-road 

Consumer Products (Mid-Term Measures) 

Amendments. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, 94513 07/24/97 Consumer products 

Off-Cycle Emissions Supplemental Federal Test 

Procedures (SFTPs). T 13, CCR, 1960.1, 2101 and 

incorporate test procedures 

07/24/97 On-road 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, CCR 

90701-90705 and Appendix A 11/13/97 Not applicable 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201 & 60205 11/13/97 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-8 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Consumer Products (Hairspray Credit Program). T 

17, CCR, 94502, 94509, 94522, & 94548 11/13/97 Consumer products 

Heavy Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection 

Program/Periodic Smoke Inspection Program. T 

13, CCR, 2180-2188 and 2190-2194 

12/11/97 On-road 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17,CCR 90800.... 01/29/98 Not applicable 

Small Off-Road Engines (SORE). T 13, CCR, 

2400,2410-2414 03/26/98 Off-road 

Classifying Minor Violations. T 17, CCR, 60090­

60095 04/23/98 Not applicable 

Heavy Duty Vehicle Regulations: 2004 Standards. 

T 13, CCR, 1956.8, 1965, 2036, 2112 and test 

procedures 

04/23/98 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Chrome 

Plating. T 17, CCR, 93102 05/21/98 Not applicable 

Cleaner Burning Gasoline Model Flexibility. T 13, 

CCR, Sections 2260, 2262.1, 2262.3, 2262.4, 2262.5, 

2262.6, 2262.7 and 2265 

08/27/98 Fuels 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17, CCR, 

94010-94015 and 94150, 94156, 94157, 94158, 

94159, 94160, 94162 

08/27/98 Vapor Recovery 

Identification of Diesel Exhaust as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, CCR, 93000 08/27/98 Not applicable 

Gasoline Deposit Control Additive Regulation. T 

13, CCR, 2257, and incorporating test procedures 

09/24/98 Fuels 

Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Fee Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 90701-90705 and Appendix A 10/22/98 Not applicable 

Area Designations and Criteria for the National and 

State Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone. T 

17, CCR, 60301, 60202, 60205, 60206, 70300­

70306, 70303.1 

10/22/98 Not applicable 

Large Off-Road Spark-Ignition Engine Regulations. 

T 13, CCR, 2430 et seq., and 2411-2414 10/22/98 Off-road 

Stationary Source Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94101 

- 94104, 94106, 94108 - 94113, 941T 17 - 94124, 

94137 and revision of Method 12. 

10/22/98 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-9 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Low Emission Vehicles Standards (LEV 2) and 

Compliance Assurance Program (CAP 2000). T 13, 

CCR,1961 & 1962 (both new); 1900, 1960.1, 1965, 

1968.1, 1976, 1978, 2037, 2038, 2062, 2101, 2106, 

2107, 2110, 2112, 2114, 2119, 2130, 2137-2140, 

2143-2148 

11/05/98 On-road 

Aftermarket Parts for Off-Road Engines. T 13, 

CCR, 2470-2476 11/19/98 Off-road 

Consumer Products - LVP-VOC Definitions And 

Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94506, 94506.5, 

94508(a)(78), 94515 and 94526, and the 

amendment of ARB Method 310 

11/19/98 Consumer products 

Consumer Products, Aerosol Coatings & 

Antiperspirants and Deodorants. T 17, CCR, 

94501, 94508, 94521, 94522, and 94524 

11/19/98 Consumer products 

1997 & Later Model Off-Highway Recreational 

Vehicles and Engines. T 13, CCR, 2410-2414, 

2415 

12/10/98 Off-road 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

Marine Engines. T 13, CCR, 2440 et seq 

12/10/98 Off-road 

Exhaust Standards for (On-Road) Motorcycles. T 

13, CCR, 1958 12/10/98 On-road 

Revisions to Statewide Portable Equipment 

Registration Program. T 13, CCR, 2450-2463 12/10/98 Off-road 

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle 

Retirement Regulations. T 13, CCR, 2600-2610 12/10/98 On-road 

Cleaner Burning Gasoline (Increasing the Oxygen 

Content). T 13, CCR, sections 2262.5(b) and 

2265(a)(2) 

12/11/98 Fuels 

Specifications for Liquid Petroleum Gas Used as a 

Motor Vehicle Fuel. T 13, CCR, 2292.6 12/11/98 Fuels 

Cleaner Burning Gasoline, Oxygen Requirement for 

Wintertime In Lake Tahoe Area/Gas Pump 

Labeling for MTBE. T 13, CCR, 2262.5, and 2273 

06/24/99 Fuels 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17, CCR, 

94011, 94153, 94155, and incorporated test 

procedures, CP-201, TP- 201.4, and TP-201.6 

06/24/99 Vapor Recovery 

Clean Fuels Regulation Requirements. T 13, CCR, 

sections 2300-2317, and 2303.5, 2311.5 07/22/99 On-road 

Portable Container Spillage Control Measure. T 13, 

CCR, 2470-2478 09/23/99 Off-road 

Administrative Hearing Procedures. T 17, CCR, 

60040 and 60075.1-60075.45 10/22/99 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-10 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

California Consumer Products Regulation MidTerm Measures II. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, and 

94513 

10/28/99 Consumer products 

Area Designations for State Ambient Air Quality 

Standards. T 17, CCR, 60201 11/18/99 Not applicable 

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments (Phase out of MTBE, 

standards, predictive model). T 13, CCR, 2260, 

2261, 2262.1, 2262.5, 2263, 2264, 2264.2, 2265, 

2266 etc... 

12/09/99 Fuels 

Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines. T 13, 

CCR, 2111, 2112, 2137, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2144, 

2400, 2401, 2403, 2420, 2421, 2423-2427, & 

appendix A to article 2.1. 

01/27/00 Off-road 

Transit Bus Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, 

1956.3, 1956.4, 1956.8, 1965 02/24/00 On-road 

Agricultural Burning Guidelines. T 17 

Amendments 80145, 80T 179, 80100-80102, 80110, 

80120, 80130, 80140, 80150, 80155, 80160, 80T 

170, 80180, 80200, 80210, 80230, 80240, 80250, 

80260, 80270, 80280, 80290, 80300, 80310, 80311, 

80320, 80330 

03/23/00 Not applicable 

Enhanced Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems 

(Emergency Filing CP-201, section 18). T 17, 

CCR, 94011 

03/23/00 Vapor Recovery 

Enhanced Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems (In 

Station Diagnostics and Onboard Refueling Vapor 

Recovery). T 17, CCR, 94011 

03/23/00 Vapor Recovery 

Air Toxic Control Measure for Chlorinated Toxic 

Air Contaminants from Automotive Maintenance 

and Repair Facilities. T 17, CCR, 93111 

04/27/00 Other 

Consumer Products Aerosol Adhesives Control 

Measure. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, 94512, 94513 05/25/00 Consumer products 

Aerosol (Paint) Coatings Products. T 17, CCR, 

94700, 94701, 94521-94524, 94526 06/22/00 Consumer products 

Air Toxic Control Measure for Asbestos Containing 

Serpentine. T 17, CCR, 93106 07/20/00 Not applicable 

Conflict of Interest Code. T 17, CCR, 95001, 

95002, 95005, and subchapter 9 09/28/00 Not applicable 

Rice Straw Conditional Burn Permit Program. T 

17, CCR, 80101, 80156-80158 09/28/00 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 90705 tables 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 4 10/26/00 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-11 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Antiperspirant and Deodorant Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 94502, 94504 10/26/00 Consumer products 

Area Designations for the State Ambient Air 

Quality Standard for Ozone. T 17, CCR, 60201 11/16/00 Not applicable 

CaRFG Phase 3 Follow-up Amendments. T 13, 

CCR, sections 2260, 2261, 2262.3, 2262.5, 2263, 

2264, 2265, 2266, 2266.5, 2270, 2272, 2273, 2282, 

2296, 2297, 2262.9 and incorporated test procedures 

11/16/00 Fuels 

CaRFG Phase 3 Test Methods. T 13, CCR, sections 

2263(b) 11/16/00 Fuels 

Heavy Duty Diesel Engines "Not-to-Exceed (NTE)" 

Test Procedures. T 13 CCR, 1956.8, 2065 12/07/00 On-road 

Light-and Medium Duty Low Emission Vehicle 

Alignment with Federal Standards. Exhaust 

Emission Standards for Heavy Duty Gas Engines. 

T 13, CCR, 1956.8 &1961 

12/07/00 On-road 

Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation Update. T 13, 

CCR, 1900, 1960.1(k), 1961, 1962 & incorporated 

Test Procedure 

01/25/01 On-road 

Ozone Transport Assessment. T 17, CCR, 70500 & 

70600 04/26/01 Not applicable 

Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure and 

Standardization of Electric Vehicle Charging 

Equipment. T 13, CCR, 1900(b), 1962(b) 1962.1 

06/28/01 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Asbestos from 

Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface 

Mining. T 17, CCR, 93105 

07/26/01 Not applicable 

Marine Inboard Engines. T 13, CCR, 2111, 2112, 

2139, 2140, 2147, 2440-2442, 2443.1-2443.3, 2444, 

2445.1, 2445.2, 2446, 2444.2 and incorporation of 

documents by reference 

07/26/01 Off-road 

Air Toxic Control Measures for Auto and Mobile 

Equip Refinishing Coatings containing Hexavalent 

Chromium and Cadmium Compounds. T 17, CCR, 

93112 

09/20/01 Not applicable 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, 

CCR, 90700-90705 10/25/01 Not applicable 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems Test Methods 

and Compliance Procedures. T 17, CCR, 94010, 

94011, 94153, 94155, 94163, 94164, 94165 & 

incorporated procedures 

10/25/01 Vapor Recovery 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-12 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Standards for 2007 and 

Later. T 13, CCR, 1956.8 and incorporated test 

procedures 

10/25/01 On-road 

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations. 

T 17, CCR, 94200-94214 11/15/01 Other 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems Defects. T 17, 

CCR, 94006 and incorporated document. 11/15/01 Vapor Recovery 

Low Emission Vehicle Regulations. T 13, CCR, 

1960.1,1960.5, 1961, 1962 and incorporate test 

procedures and guidelines 

11/15/01 On-road 

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule. 

T 13&17, CCR, 1969 & 60060.1 - 60060.7 12/13/01 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Outdoor 

Residential Waste Burning. T 17, CCR, 93113 02/21/02 Other 

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle 

Retirement Regulations. T 13, CCR, 2601-2605, 

2606 & appendices C & D, and 2607-2610 

02/21/02 On-road 

On-Board Diagnostic II Review Amendments. T 

13, CCR, 1968.1, 1968.2, 1968.5 04/25/02 On-road 

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty 

and In-Use Compliance Requirements. T 13, CCR, 

2700-2710 

05/16/02 On-road 

Review of California Ambient Air Quality 

Standards for Particulate Matter and Sulfates. T 17, 

CCR, 70100,70200, and 70100.1 

06/20/02 Not applicable 

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments. T 13, CCR, 2261, 

2262, 2262.4, 2262.5, 2262.6, 2262.9, 2266.5, 2269, 

2271, 2272, 2265, and 2296 

07/25/02 Fuels 

Revision to Transit Bus Regulations Amendments. 

T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, 1956.4,1956.8, and 

2112, & documents incorporated by reference 

10/24/02 On-road 

Administrative Civil Penalties Program. T 17, 

CCR, 60065.1 - 60065.45 and 60075.1 - 60075.45 12/12/02 Not applicable 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel 

Particulate from School Bus Idling. T13, CCR, 

2480 

12/12/02 On-road 

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments (specifications for De 

Minimus Levels of Oxygenates and MTBE Phase 

Out Issues). T 13, CCR, 2261, 2262.6, 2263, 

2266.5, 2272, 2273, 2260, 2273.5 

12/12/02 Fuels 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-13 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems Test Procedures. 

T 17, CCR, 94010, 94011, 94163, 94164, and 

94165 and procedures incorporated by reference, 

and 94166, 94167, and incorporation by reference. 

12/12/02 Vapor Recovery 

Low Emission Vehicles II. Align Heavy Duty Gas 

Engine Standards with Federal Standards; minor 

administrative changes. T 13, CCR, 1961, 1965, 

1956.8, 1956.1, 1978, 2065 and documents 

incorporated by reference 

12/12/02 On-road 

Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for 2003. T 

13, CCR, 1960.1(k), 1961(a) and (d), 1900, 1962, 

and documents incorporated by reference 

03/25/03 On-road 

Ozone Transport Mitigation Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 70600 and 70601 05/22/03 Not applicable 

Off-Highway Recreation Vehicles. T13, CCR, 

2415 07/24/03 Off-road 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.75, 90800.9, 90804, 90800.8, 

90801, 90802, and 90803 

07/24/03 Not applicable 

Specifications for Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel. T 13 

& T 17, CCR, 1961, 2281, 2282, 2701, 2284, 2285, 

93114, and incorporated test procedure 

07/24/03 Fuels 

Solid Waste Collection Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 2020, 

2021, 2021.1, 2021.2 09/24/03 On-road 

Small Off-Road Engines (SORE). T 13, CCR, 

2400-2409, 2405.1, 2405.2, 2405.3, 2750-2754, 

2754.1, 2754.2, 2755-2767, 2767.1, 2768-2773 and 

the documents incorporated by reference 

09/25/03 Off-road 

Revised Tables of Maximum Incremental Reactivity 

Values. T 1, CCR, 94700. 12/03/03 Consumer products 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel 

Particulate for Transport Refrigeration Units. T 13, 

CCR, 2022 & 2477 

12/11/03 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Engines. T 17, CCR 93115 

& documents incorporate by reference 

12/11/03 Other 

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty 

and In-Use Compliance Requirements 

(Amendments). T 13, CCR, 2701-2707 & 2709 

12/11/03 On-road 

Area Designation Criteria and Area Designations 

for State PM2.5 and Ozone Ambient Air Quality 

Standards. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60202, 60205, 

60210 

01/22/04 Not applicable 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-14 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

CA Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule. T 13, 

CCR, 1969 01/22/04 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel-Fueled 

Portable Engines. T 17, CCR,93116, 93116.1, 

93116.2, 93116.3, 93116.4, and 93116.5 

02/26/04 Off-road 

Modifications to the Statewide Portable Equipment 

Registration Program (PERP) Regulations . T 13, 

CCR Amendments to 2450-2465, and repeal of 

2466 

02/26/04 Off-road 

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine-Chip Reflash. T 13, 

CCR, 2011, 2180.1, 2181, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2192, 

and 2194 

03/27/04 On-road 

Engine Manufacturer Diagnostic System 

Requirements for 2007 and Subsequent Model 

Heavy Duty Engines. T 13, CCR, 1971 

05/20/04 On-road 

Consumer Products & Methods 310/ATCM for 

Para-Dicholorobenzene. T 17, CCR, 94501, 

94506, 94507, 94508, 94509, 94510, 94512, 94513, 

94515, and 94526, and ARB Method 310, which is 

incorporated by reference 

06/24/04 Consumer products 

Urban Bus Engines/Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies. 

T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, 1956.3, and 1956.4, 06/24/04 On-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel 

Particulate from Diesel Fueled Commercial Vehicle 

Idling. T 13, CCR, 2485 

07/22/04 On-road 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Dispensing 

Facilities. Emergency Filing. T 17, CCR, 94011 07/22/04 Vapor Recovery 

Unihose Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T17, 

CCR, 94011 

07/22/04 Vapor Recovery 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery System Equipment 

Defects List. T 17, CCR, 94006(b) & incorporated 

document 

08/24/04 Vapor Recovery 

Greenhouse Gas. T 13, CCR, 1961.1, 1900, 1961 

and Incorporated Test Procedures 

09/23/04 On-road 

California Reformulated Gasoline, Phase 3. T 13, 

CCR, 2260, 2262, 2262.4, 2262.5, 2262.6, 2262.9, 

2263, 2265 (and the incorporated “California 

Procedures”), and 2266.5 

11/18/04 Fuels 

Diesel Fuel Standards for Harborcraft & 

Locomotives. T 13, CCR, 2299, 2281, 2282, and 

2284, and T 17, CCR, 93117 

11/18/04 Fuels 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-15 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Enhanced Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems 

Extension. T 17, CCR, 94011 and certification 

procedure 

11/18/04 Vapor Recovery 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T17, CCR 90805 and 90806; and 90800.8 and 

90803 

11/18/04 Not applicable 

Emergency Regulation for Temporary Delay of 

Diesel Fuel Lubricity Standard. T 13, CCR, 2284 11/24/04 Fuels 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Hexavalent 

Chromium and Nickel from Thermal Spraying. T 

17, CCR, 93102.5 

12/09/04 Not applicable 

Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines. T 13, 

CCR, 2420, 2421, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2427 12/09/04 Off-road 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60202, 

60205, 60210 01/20/05 Not applicable 

Transit Fleet Rule. T 13, CCR, 2023, 2023.1, 

2023.2, 2023.3, 2023.4, 1956.1, 2020, 2021, repeal 

1956.2, 1956.3, 1956.4 

02/24/05 On-road 

State Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone. T 

17, CCR, 70100, 70100.1, and 70200 04/28/05 Not applicable 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Engines (amendments). T 17, 

CCR, 93115 

05/26/05 Other 

Definition of Large Confined Animal Facility. T 

17, CCR 86500 and 86501 06/23/05 Not applicable 

On-Board Diagnostic System Requirements for 

2010 and Subsequent Model-Year Heavy-Duty 

Engines (HD OBD). T 13, CCR, 1971.1 

07/21/05 On-road 

Reid Vapor Pressure Limit. Emergency Rule. T 

13, CCR, 2262 and 2262.4 08/08/05 Fuels 

2007-2009 Model-Year Heavy Duty Urban Bus 

Engines and the Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies. T 

13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, and 1956.8 

09/15/05 On-road 

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 2 of 2]. T 13, 

CCR 2467.2, 2467.3, 2467.4, 2467.5, 2467.6, 

2467.7; repeal of 2467.8, and adoption of new 

2467.8 and 2467.9. 

09/15/05 Off road 

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 1 of 2]. T 13, 

CCR, 2467 and 2467.1 09/15/05 Off road 

Requirements to Reduce Idling Emissions from 

New and In-Use Trucks, Beginning in 2008. T 13, 

CCR section1956.8 and the incorporated document 

10/20/05 On-road 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-16 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Cruise Ships 

Onboard Incineration. T 17, CCR, 93119 11/17/05 Off road 

Marine Inboard Sterndrive Engines. T 13 CCR 

2111, 2112, 2441, 2442, 2444.2, 2445.1, 2446, 

2447, and incorporated document 

11/17/05 Off-road 

Auxiliary Diesel Engines and Diesel-Electric 

Engines Operated on Ocean-Going Vessels within 

California Waters and 24 Nautical Miles of the 

California Baseline. T 13, CCR, 2299.1 and T 17, 

CCR, 93118 

12/08/05 Off-road 

Diesel Particulate Matter Control Measure for OnRoad Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Vehicles Owned 

or Operated by Public Agencies and Utilities. T 13, 

CCR, 2022 and 2022.1 

12/08/05 On-road 

Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment at Ports and 

Intermodal Rail Yards. T 13, CCR, 2479 12/08/05 Off-road 

AB1009 Heavy-Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection 

Program. T 13, CCR, 2180, 2180.1, 2181, 2182, 

2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, and 2188, 2189 

01/26/06 On-road 

Identification of Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, CCR, 93000 01/26/06 Not applicable 

Diesel Verification Procedure, Warranty & In-Use. 

T 13, CCR, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2706, 2707, and 

2709. 

03/23/06 On-road 

Technical Amendments to Evaporative Exhaust and 

Evaporative Emissions Test Procedures. T 13, 

CCR, 1961,1976 and 1978. 

05/25/06 On-road 

Fork Lifts and Other Industrial Equipment. (Large 

Off-Road Spark Ignition Engines > 1 liter) T 13, 

CCR 2430, 2433, 2434. Adopt 2775, 2775.1, 

2775.2, 2780, 2781, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 

2788, and 2789. 

05/26/06 Off-road 

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule. 

T 13, CCR, 1969 and incorporated documents 

06/22/06 On-road 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17 CCR 

94011 and incorporated certification 

06/22/06 Vapor Recovery 

Portable Equipment Registration Program. T 13, 

CCR, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 

2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 

and 2465 

06/22/06 Off-road 

Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines. T 

13, CCR, 2411-2413, 2415 & documents 

incorporated by reference 

07/20/06 Off-road 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-17 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-1 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resource Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Category 

Heavy-Duty In-Use Compliance Regulation. T 13, 

CCR, 1956.1, 1956.8, and documents incorporated 

by reference 

09/28/06 On-road 

On-Board Diagnostic II. T 13, CCR, 1968.2, 

1968.5, 2035, 2037 and 2038 09/28/06 On-road 

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations. 

T 17, CCR, 94201, 94201.1, 94203, 94204, & 

94207-942142 

10/19/06 Other 

Zero Emission Bus Regulation. T13, CCR, 2023.1, 

2023.3, & 2023.4 10/19/06 On-road 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, CCR, 93300.5 and 

document incorporated by reference 

11/16/06 Not applicable 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Cruise Ships 

and Ocean-Going Ships Onboard Incineration 

(amendments). T 17, CCR, 93119 

11/16/06 Off-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Engines (amendments, 

Agricultural Eng. Exemption removal). T 17, CCR, 

93115.1-93115.15.t. 

11/16/06 Other 

Area Designations for State Ambient Air Quality 

Standards. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60202, 60205, & 

60210 

11/16/06 Not applicable 

Consumer Products. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, 

94510, 94513 & 94523 11/17/06 Consumer products 

Emergency Regulation for Portable Equipment 

Registration Program, Airborne Toxic Control 

Measures and Portable and Stationary diesel-Fueled 

Engines. T 13, CCR, 2452, 2455, 2456, 2461; T17 

CCR 93115, 93116.2, 93116.3 

12/06/06 Off-road 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Chrome 

Plating and Chromic Acid Anodizing Operations. T 

17, CCR, 93102.1-93102.16 

12/07/06 Not applicable 

Voluntary Accelerated Retirement Regulation. T 

13, CCR, 2601-2610 and appendices A-D 12/07/06 On-road 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-18 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

B. State Rules that Do Not Address direct PM2.5 or PM2.5 Attainment Plan 

Precursor in the San Joaquin Valley 

A substantial number of the measures adopted by ARB since 1990 do not affect direct 

PM2.5 or a PM2.5 attainment plan precursor emissions in the San Joaquin Valley. These types of 

measures include fee rules, identification of toxic air contaminants, area boundary designations, 

and controls for pollutants other than direct PM2.5 (or PM), NOx, VOC, or SO2. Appendix Table 

A-2 provides a list of these measures. 

Appendix Table A-2 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

That Do Not Address PM2.5 in the San Joaquin Valley 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Transported Pollutants (Ozone). T 17, CCR, 70500 12/04/89 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Non-vehicular Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94002, 

94003 17, &26, 94146-94149, 94132, 94135, 

94139, 94140 

01/11/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Test Method for Asbestos in Serpentine Aggregate. 

T 17, & 26, CCR, 94147, Method 435 04/12/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Asbestos in 

Surfacing Applications. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93106 04/12/90 Not a PM emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.1, 90800, 90802-90803 05/10/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700-90704, 93300-93347 05/10/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Dioxins Airborne Toxic Control Measure for 

Medical Waste Incinerators. T 17, CCR, 93104 07/12/90 Not a PM emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93300­

93347 

06/14/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Criteria for Area Designations for the State Ambient 

Air Quality Standard. T 17, CCR, 70303 & 70304 06/14/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Emission Reduction Accounting Procedures for 

California Clean Air Act. T 17, CCR, 70700-70704 07/12/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Inorganic Arsenic as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 07/12/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Transport Mitigation Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

70600-70601 08/09/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxic Fee Schedule & Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, & 26, CCR, 90700­

90704, 93300-93347 

09/13/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Trichloroethylene as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 10/11/90 Not an emissions reduction measure 

Revision to Designation Criteria. T 17, CCR, 

60200-60204, 60208 11/08/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-19 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

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Appendix Table A-2 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

That Do Not Address PM2.5 in the San Joaquin Valley 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Identification of Vinyl Chloride as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 11/13/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Chloroform as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 12/13/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Conflict of Interest Code. T 17, CCR, 95001, et. 

seq. 12/13/90 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non -Vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.2, 90801, 90803 02/24/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Non - Vehicular Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94131, 

94132, 94142 

04/11/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure. 

Acid Deposition Fee Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

90621.2, 90620, 90622 04/11/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure. Obsolete. 

Administrative Hearing Procedures. T 17, CCR, 

60075.1, 60075.47 05/09/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700 - 90705 06/13/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Agricultural Burning Guidelines. T 17, 80130, 

80150, 80250, 80260, 80290 07/11/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Metallic & Inorganic Nickel 

Compounds as a Toxic Air Contaminant. T 17, & 

26, 93000 

08/08/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

State Ambient Air Quality Standard for SO2. T 17, 

CCR, 70100, 70200, 70201 10/10/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Perchloroethylene as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 10/10/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60200, 60209 11/14/91 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Formaldehyde as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 03/12/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Atmospheric Acidity Protection Fees. T 17, CCR, 

90621.3 04/09/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.3, 90803 04/09/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Criteria for Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 70303, 

70304 05/14/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Transported Air Pollutants. T 17, CCR, 70500 05/28/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90701, 90704, 90705 07/09/92 Not an emissions reduction measure 

Identification of 1.3 Butadiene as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93000 07/09/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

CFC Refrigerants in Air Conditioning Systems. T 

13, CCR, 2500 09/10/92 Not a PM emissions reduction 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-20 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-2 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

That Do Not Address PM2.5 in the San Joaquin Valley 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Criteria for Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 

70303.5, 60200-60203, 60205, 70303 12/10/92 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Transport Mitigation Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

70600, 70601 03/11/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Federal Hazardous Air Pollutants 

as Toxic Air Contaminants. T 17, & 26, CCR, 

93001, 39665, 39666 

04/08/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Acid Deposition Fee Regulations. T 17, CCR, 

90622, 90621.4 04/08/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.4, 90803 04/08/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, & 26, CCR, 93300­

93347 

06/10/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700-90705 07/08/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Mitigation Transport Pollutants. T 17, CCR, 70500, 

70600 08/12/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for 

Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning. T 17, & 26, CCR, 

93109, 93110 

10/14/93 Not a PM or ozone control 

measure (perc is not a VOC) 

Conflict of Interest. T 17, CCR, 90500 11/18/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Criteria for Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60200­

60202, 60204, 60206, 60208, 70300-70306 11/18/93 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

SCAQMD's Reclaim Consideration 03/10/94 Not a SJV control measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.5, 90803 04/14/94 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, & 

26, CCR, 90700-90705 07/28/94 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60204 11/09/94 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.6, 90803 04/27/95 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Employee-Based Trip Reductions Emission 

Formula. T 13, CCR, 2330, 2331, 2332 06/29/95 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, 

CCR, 90700-90705 and Appendix A 01/25/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Relaxation of Carbon Monoxide Emission 

Standards for Utility Engines. T 13, CCR, 2403 and 

incorporating test procedures 

01/25/96 Carbon monoxide requirement 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90803, 90800.7 04/25/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-21 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-2 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

That Do Not Address PM2.5 in the San Joaquin Valley 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Basin Boundaries for Agricultural Burning (Mojave 

Desert, South Coast & Salton Sea). T 17, CCR, 

60104, 60109, 60114, 80280, 80311 

05/30/96 Not applicable to SJV 

Regulation Improvement and Repeal. T 17, CCR, 

93301-93355, Appendix A-E (emissions inventory) 05/30/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Emissions Inventory Criteria & Guideline Report. 

T 17, CCR, 93300.5 07/25/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, 

CCR, 90701-90705 Appendix A to §§ 90700-90705 09/26/96 Not an emissions reduction measure 

Stationary Source Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 

94105, 94107, 94114, 94135, 94141, 94143, 94161 09/26/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201-60209 11/21/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Transport Pollutants. T 17, CCR, 70500, 70600 11/21/96 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Inorganic Lead as Toxic Air 

Contaminant (TAC). T 17, CCR, 93000 04/24/97 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Interchangeable Emission Reduction Credits. T 17, 

CCR, 91500 05/22/97 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, CCR 

90701-90705 and Appendix A §§ 90700-90705 11/13/97 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations '97 . T 17, CCR, §§ 60201 & 

60205 11/13/97 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17,CCR 90800.... 01/29/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Classifying Minor Violations. T 17, CCR, 60090­

60095 04/23/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Chrome 

Plating. T 17, CCR, 93102 05/21/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Diesel Exhaust as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, CCR, 93000 08/27/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Stationary Source Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94101 

- 94104, 94106, 94108 - 94113, 941T 17 - 94124, 

94137 and revision of Method 12. 

10/22/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Administrative Hearing Procedures. T 17, CCR, 

60040 and 60075.1-60075.45 10/22/99 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations and Criteria for the National and 

State Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone. T 

17, CCR, 60301, 60202, 60205, 60206, 70300­

70306, 70303.1 

10/22/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Fee Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 90701-90705 and Appendix A 10/22/98 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-22 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-2 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

That Do Not Address PM2.5 in the San Joaquin Valley 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Area Designations for State Ambient Air Quality 

Standards. T 17, CCR, 60201 11/18/99 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Agricultural Burning Guidelines. T 17 

Amendments 80145, 80T 179, 80100-80102, 80110, 

80120, 80130, 80140, 80150, 80155, 80160, 80T 

170, 80180, 80200, 80210, 80230, 80240, 80250, 

80260, 80270, 80280, 80290, 80300, 80310, 80311, 

80320, 80330 

03/23/00 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxic Control Measure for Asbestos Containing 

Serpentine. T 17, CCR, 93106 07/20/00 Not a PM emissions reduction 

measure 

Conflict of Interest Code. T 17, CCR, 95001, 

95002, 95005, and subchapter 9 09/28/00 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Rice Straw Conditional Burn Permit Program. T 

17, CCR, 80101, 80156-80158 09/28/00 

Not a SJV control measure 

(Sacramento Valley air basin 

only) 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 90705 tables 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 4 10/26/00 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations for the State Ambient Air 

Quality Standard for Ozone. T 17, CCR, 60201 11/16/00 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Ozone Transport Assessment. T 17, CCR, 70500 & 

70600 04/26/01 Not an emissions reduction measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Fee Regulation. T 17, 

CCR, 90700-90705 10/25/01 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Review of California Ambient Air Quality 

Standards for Particulate Matter and Sulfates. T 17, 

CCR, 70100,70200, and 70100.1 

06/20/02 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Administrative Civil Penalties Program. T 17, 

CCR, 60065.1 - 60065.45 and 60075.1 - 60075.45 12/12/02 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Ozone Transport Mitigation Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 70600 and 70601 05/22/03 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T 17, CCR, 90800.75, 90800.9, 90804, 90800.8, 

90801, 90802, and 90803 

07/24/03 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designation Criteria and Area Designations 

for State PM2.5 and Ozone Ambient Air Quality 

Standards. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60202, 60205, 

60210 

01/22/04 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-23 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-2 

Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

That Do Not Address PM2.5 in the San Joaquin Valley 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Permit Fee Regulations for Non-vehicular Sources. 

T17, CCR 90805 and 90806; and 90800.8 and 

90803 

11/18/04 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60202, 

60205, 60210 01/20/05 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

State Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone. T 

17, CCR, 70100, 70100.1, and 70200 04/28/05 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Definition of Large Confined Animal Facility. T 

17, CCR 86500 and 86501 06/23/05 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Identification of Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air 

Contaminant. T 17, CCR, 93000 01/26/06 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Emissions Inventory 

Criteria and Guidelines. T 17, CCR, 93300.5 and 

document incorporated by reference 

11/16/06 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

Area Designations for State Ambient Air Quality 

Standards. T 17, CCR, 60201, 60202, 60205, & 

60210 

11/16/06 Not an emissions reduction 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-24 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

C. State Fuel Measures 

ARB has adopted a number of revisions to its reformulated gasoline program and clean 

diesel program since 1990, as well as measures addressing other motor vehicle fuels and fuel 

standards for off-road sources. Appendix Table A-3 is a list of these revisions. 

Appendix Table A-3 

Fuel Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Wintertime Limits for Sulfur in Diesel Fuel. T 13, 

CCR, 2255 06/21/90 

Renumbered to section 2281. 

Approved 60 FR 43379 

(8/21/95) 

Limit on Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuel. T 13, 

CCR, 2256 12/13/90 

Renumbered to section 2282. 

Approved 60 FR 43379 

(8/21/95) (listed as 4/15/01 

adoption in FR) 

Diesel Fuel Regulations - Emergency. T 13, CCR, 

2281(h), 2282(1) 10/15/93 Approved 60 FR 43379 

(8/21/95) 

Small Refiner Diesel. T 13, CCR, 2282(e)(1) 07/24/94 Approved 60 FR 43379 

(8/21/95) 

Diesel Fuel Test Methods. T 13, CCR, 1956.8(b), 

1960.1(k), 2281(c), 2282(b), (c) and (g) 10/24/96 Approved 75 FR 26653 

(5/12/10) 

Specifications for Motor Vehicle Diesel Fuel. T 13 

& T 17, CCR, 1961, 2281, 2282, 2701, 2284, 2285, 

93114, and incorporated test procedure 

07/24/03 Approved 75 FR 26653 

(5/12/10) 

Emergency Regulation for Temporary Delay of 

Diesel Fuel Lubricity Standard. T 13, CCR, 2284 11/24/04 Temporary delay of standard. 

Expired 

Diesel Fuel Standards for Harborcraft & 

Locomotives. T 13, CCR, 2299, 2281, 2282, and 

2284, and T 17, CCR, 93117 

11/18/04 

NOx reductions estimated at 0.1 

tpd for SJV, more for South 

Coast. See CARB 6/29/09 Letter 

California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG), Phase 

I. T 13, CCR, 2251.5 09/27/90 RVP standard for period between 1992 and 1996. Obsolete. 

California Reformulated Gasoline, Phase II. T 13, 

CCR, 2250, 2255.1, 2252, 2260 - 2272, 2295 11/21/91 Approved 60 FR 43379 

(8/21/95) 

Wintertime Gasoline Program. T 13, CCR, 2258, 

2298, 2251.5, 2296 11/21/91 Approved 60 FR 43379 

(8/21/95) 

Predictive Model for Phase II CaRFG. T 13, CCR, 

2261, 2262-2270 06/09/94 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

Test Method for Oxygen in Gasoline. T 13, CCR, 

2251.5(c), 2258(c), 2263(b) 06/29/95 

Section 2251.5 - obsolete; 

section 2258 wintertime; section 

2263, superseded 

Wintertime Oxygenate Program. T 13, CCR, 2258, 

2251.5, 2263(b), 2267, 2298, 2259, 2283, 2293.5 09/09/93 Carbon monoxide control 

measure 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-25 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-3 

Fuel Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Test Methods for CaRFG 13, CCR, 2263(b) 10/26/95 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

Required Additives in Gasoline (Deposit Control 

Additives). T 13, CCR, 2257 and incorporates 

testing procedures. 

11/16/95 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

CaRFG Housekeeping & CARBOB. T 13, CCR, 

2263.7, 2266.5, 2260, 2262.5, 2264, 2265, 2272 12/14/95 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

CaRFG Variance Requirements. T 13, CCR, 2271 

(Emergency) 01/25/96 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

Regulation Improvements and Repeals (fuel 

additives). T 13, CCR, 2201, 2202 05/30/96 Repealed sections 

Cleaner Burning Gasoline Model Flexibility. T 13, 

CCR, Sections 2260, 2262.1, 2262.3, 2262.4, 2262.5, 

2262.6, 2262.7 and 2265 

08/27/98 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

Gasoline Deposit Control Additive Regulation. T 

13, CCR, 2257, and incorporating test procedures 

09/24/98 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

Cleaner Burning Gasoline (Increasing the Oxygen 

Content). T 13, CCR, sections 2262.5(b) and 

2265(a)(2) 

12/11/98 Wintertime gasoline for South 

Coast and Imperial County 

Cleaner Burning Gasoline, Oxygen Requirement for 

Wintertime In Lake Tahoe Area/Gas Pump Labeling 

for MTBE. T 13, CCR, 2262.5, and 2273 

06/24/99 Not applicable to the SJV/SC 

area/Obsolete 

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments (Phase out of MTBE, 

standards, predictive model). T 13, CCR, 2260, 

2261, 2262.1, 2262.5, 2263, 2264, 2264.2, 2265, 

2266 etc... 

12/09/99 

2262.1 renumber to 2262.4; 2264 

(designation of alternative limits) 

not approved; otherwise 

superseded by 11/18/04 and 

6/14/07 rules 

CaRFG Phase 3 Test Methods. T 13, CCR, sections 

2263(b) 11/16/00 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

CaRFG Phase 3 Follow-up Amendments. T 13, 

CCR, sections 2260, 2261, 2262.3, 2262.5, 2263, 

2264, 2265, 2266, 2266.5, 2270, 2272, 2273, 2282, 

2296, 2297, 2262.9 and incorporated test procedures 

11/16/00 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments. T 13, CCR, 2261, 

2262, 2262.4, 2262.5, 2262.6, 2262.9, 2266.5, 2269, 

2271, 2272, 2265, and 2296 

07/25/02 Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rules 

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments (specifications for De 

Minimus Levels of Oxygenates and MTBE Phase 

Out Issues). T 13, CCR, 2261, 2262.6, 2263, 

2266.5, 2272, 2273, 2260, 2273.5 

12/12/02 

Superseded by 11/18/04 & 

6/14/07 rule. Approved 75 FR 

26653 (5/12/10) (except for 

section 2272 (CARFG3 

standards for small refineries) 

and 2273.5 (requirement to 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-26 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-3 

Fuel Measures Adopted by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

identify gasoline containing 

ethanol when delivered to retail 

station)) 

California Reformulated Gasoline, Phase 3. T 13, 

CCR, 2260, 2262, 2262.4, 2262.5, 2262.6, 2262.9, 

2263, 2265 (and the incorporated “California 

Procedures”), and 2266.5 

11/18/04 Approved 75 FR 26653 

(5/12/10) 

Reid Vapor Pressure Limit. Emergency Rule. T 13, 

CCR, 2262 and 2262.4 08/08/05 Operative for September and 

October 2005 only. Obsolete. 

Specifications for Liquid Petroleum Gas Used as a 

Motor Vehicle Fuel. T 13, CCR, 2292.6 12/11/98 No identifiable emission 

reductions 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Propane Limit 

Specification Delay. T 13, CCR, 2292.6 03/27/97 Expired 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-27 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

D. State On-Road Mobile Sources Measures 

Appendix Tables A-4 and A-5 list measures for on-road and off-road sources adopted by 

CARB since 1990. 

Appendix Table A-4 

On-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Certification Procedure for Aftermarket Parts. VC 

27156 & 38391 02/08/90 Compliance provisions. 

Emission Standards for Medium Duty Vehicles. T 13, 

CCR, 1900, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1968.1, 2061, 2112, 2139 06/14/90 Waiver granted September 16, 1994 (59 

FR 48625 (9/22/94)) 

Evaporative Emission Standards. T 13, CCR, 1976 08/09/90 Waiver granted August 25, 1994 (59 FR 

46979 (9/13/94)) 

Low Emission Vehicles and Clean Fuels. T 13, CCR, 

1900, 1904, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1960.1.5, 1960.5 and 

2111, 2112, 2125, and 2139, 2061. 

09/28/90 

Waivers granted January 7, 1993 & April 

6, 1998 (58 FR 4166 (1/13/93) & 63 FR 

18403 (4/15/98)) 

Heavy Duty Diesel Smoke Emission Testing. T 13, 

CCR, 2180-2187 11/08/90 

Onboard Diagnostics for Light-Duty Trucks and Light 

& Medium-Duty Motor Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1977, 

1968.1 

09/12/91 

Waiver granted October 2, 1996 (61 FR 

53371 (10/11/96)) 

Onboard Diagnostic, Phase II. T 13, CCR, 1968.1, 

1977 11/12/91 

Low Emission Vehicles amendments revising 

reactivity adjustment factor (RAF) provisions and 

adopting a RAF for M85 transitional low emission 

vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1960.1 

11/14/91 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested February 18, 1993 

Alternative Motor Vehicle Fuel Certification Fuel 

Specification. T 13 & 26, CCR, 2290-2292.7, 

1960.1(k), 1956.8(b), 1956.8(d) 

3/12/92 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested February 17, 1994 

Standards and Test Procedures for Alternative Fuel 

Retrofit Systems. T 13, CCR, 2030, 2031 05/14/92 Compliance provisions 

Phase 2 RFG certification fuel specifications. T 13, 

CCR, 1960.1, 1956.8(d) 08/13/92 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested February 17, 1994 

Substitute Fuel or Clean Fuel Incorporated Test 

Procedures. T 13, CCR, 1960.1(k), 2317 11/12/92 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested February 17, 1994 

Smoke Self Inspection Program for Heavy Duty 

Diesel & Gasoline Engines. T 13, CCR, 2190-2194, 

2180-2187, 1956.8(b) 

12/10/92 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-28 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-4 

On-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Certification Requirements for Low Emission 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks & Medium Duty 

Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1960.1, 1976, 2061, 1900 

01/14/93 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested February 21, 1994 

Onboard Diagnostic, Phase II. T 13, CCR, 1968.1 07/09/93 Waiver granted October 2, 1996 (61 FR 

53371 (10/11/96)) 

Urban Transit Buses. T 13, CCR, 1956.8, 1965, 2112 06/10/93 Found within the scope September 28, 

2004 (69 FR 59920 (October 6, 2004)) 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures. 

T 13, CCR, 1976 02/10/94 Waiver granted July 28, 1999 (64 FR 

42689 (8/5/99)) 

Diesel Fuel Certification. T 13, CCR, 1956.8(b)&(d), 

1960.1(k), 2292.6 09/22/94 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested September 14, 1995 

Self Inspection Program for Heavy Duty Diesel 

Engines. T 13, CCR, 2190-2194, 2180-2187, 

1956.8(b) 

11/09/94 

Onboard Diagnostics, Phase II. T 13, CCR,1963.1, & 

Certification Procedures 

12/08/94 Waiver granted October 2, 1996 (61 FR 

53371 (10/11/96)) 

Periodic Smoke Inspection Program. T 13, CCR, 

2190 12/08/94 

Heavy Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards. T 

13, CCR, 1956.8 and incorporate test procedures. 06/29/95 Found within the scope September 28, 

2004 (69 FR 59920 (10/6/04)) 

Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery Standards. T 13, 

CCR, 1976, 1978 and incorporate test procedures 

06/29/95 Waiver granted August 13, 2002 (67 FR 

54180 (8/21/02)) 

Retrofit Emission Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.9, 

2030, 2031, and incorporate test procedures 

07/27/95 Compliance provision 

Low Emission Vehicle Standards 3 (LEV 3). T 13, 

CCR, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1965, 2101, 2061, 2062, and 

incorporate test procedures 

09/28/95 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested October 8, 1996. 

Postpone Zero Emission Vehicle Requirements. T 13, 

CCR, 1900, 1960.1, 1976 03/28/96 Found within the scope January 18, 2001 

(66 FR 7751 (1/25/01)) 

Diesel Fuel Certification Test Methods. T 13, CCR, 

1956.8(b), 1960.1(k), 2281(c), 2282(b), (c) and (g) 10/24/96 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested November 24, 1997 

Onboard Diagnostics, Phase II, Technical Status. T 

13, CCR, 1968.1, 2030, 2031 12/12/96 Initial notice 69 FR 5542 (February 5, 2004) 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-29 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-4 

On-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Postpone Enhanced Evaporative Emission 

Requirements for Ultra-Small Volume Vehicle 

Manufacturers. T 13, CCR, 1976 and incorporate test 

procedures 

05/22/97 Found within the scope July 28, 1999 (64 

FR 42689 (8/5/99)) 

Off-Cycle Emissions Supplemental Federal Test 

Procedures (SFTPs). T 13, CCR, 1960.1, 2101 and 

incorporate test procedures 

07/24/97 Waiver granted September 30, 2004 (69 

FR 60996 (10/14/04)) 

Heavy Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection 

Program/Periodic Smoke Inspection Program. T 13, 

CCR, 2180-2188 and 2190-2194 

12/11/97 

Heavy Duty Vehicle Regulations: 2004 Standards. T 

13, CCR, 1956.8, 1965, 2036, 2112 and test 

procedures 

04/23/98 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested December 26, 2001 

Low Emission Vehicles Standards (LEV 2) and 

Compliance Assurance Program (CAP 2000). T 13, 

CCR,1961 & 1962 (both new); 1900, 1960.1, 1965, 

1968.1, 1976, 1978, 2037, 2038, 2062, 2101, 2106, 

2107, 2110, 2112, 2114, 2119, 2130, 2137-2140, 

2143-2148 

11/05/98 

Waiver granted April 11, 2003 (68 FR 

19811 (4/22/03))/found within the scope 

(1999 ZEV amendments) December 21, 

2006 (71 FR 78190 (12/28/06)) 

Exhaust Standards for (On-Road) Motorcycles. T 13, 

CCR, 1958 12/10/98 Waiver granted July 27, 2006 (71 FR 

44027 (8/3/06)) 

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle Retirement 

Regulations. T 13, CCR, 2600-2610 12/10/98 

Establishes standards for a voluntary 

accelerated retirement program. Revised 

2/21/06 and 12/7/06 

Clean Fuels Regulation Requirements. T 13, CCR, 

sections 2300-2317, and 2303.5, 2311.5 07/22/99 

Removal of obsolete provisions, 

streamlining and other minor changes to 

9/1990 rule. 

Transit Bus Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, 

1956.3, 1956.4, 1956.8, 1965 02/24/00 

Combination of fleet requirements, 

emission standards, and zero-emission 

bus standards. Fleet requirements 

achieve approximately 2 tpd NOx 

reductions statewide, so minimal effect in 

SC. Federal & state emission standards 

are the same for 2010 MY buses. 

Light-and Medium Duty Low Emission Vehicle 

Alignment with Federal Standards. Exhaust Emission 

Standards for Heavy Duty Gas Engines. T 13, CCR, 

1956.8 &1961 

12/07/00 

Waiver granted for LDV & HDV April 

11, 2003 (68 FR 19811 (4/22/03)) 

Initial notice on within-the-scope finding 

request for HDGE: 72 FR 27114 (May 

14, 2007). 

Heavy Duty Diesel Engines "Not-to-Exceed (NTE)" 

Test Procedures. T 13 CCR, 1956.8, 2065 12/07/00 Confirm within the scope finding 

requested December 26, 2001. 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-30 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-4 

On-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation Update. T 13, 

CCR, 1900, 1960.1(k), 1961, 1962 & incorporated 

Test Procedure 

01/25/01 Found within the scope December 21, 

2006 (71 FR 78190 (12/28/06)) 

Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure and 

Standardization of Electric Vehicle Charging 

Equipment. T 13, CCR, 1900(b), 1962(b) 1962.1 

06/28/01 Found within the scope December 21, 

2006 (71 FR 78190 (12/28/06)) 

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Standards for 2007 and 

Later. T 13, CCR, 1956.8 and incorporate test 

procedures 

10/25/01 Waiver granted August 19, 2005 (70 FR 

50322 (8/26/05)) 

Low Emission Vehicle Regulations. T 13, CCR, 

1960.1,1960.5, 1961, 1962 and incorporate test 

procedures and guidelines 

11/15/01 Found within the scope April 21, 2005 

(70 FR 22034 (4/28/05)) 

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule. T 

13&17, CCR, 1969 & 60060.1 - 60060.7 12/13/01 Compliance provision. Very similar to 

EPA regulations at 40 CFR 86.1808.01 

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle Retirement 

Regulations. T 13, CCR, 2601-2605, 2606 & 

appendices C & D, and 2607-2610 

02/21/02 

Establishes standards for a voluntary 

accelerated retirement program. Revised 

12/7/06. 

On-Board Diagnostic II Review Amendments. T 13, 

CCR, 1968.1, 1968.2, 1968.5 04/25/02 Initial notice 69 FR 5542 (2/5/04) 

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty and 

In-Use Compliance Requirements. T 13, CCR, 2700­

2710 

05/16/02 Procedures to verify diesel retrofit 

technology. 

Revision to Transit Bus Regulations Amendments. T 

13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, 1956.4,1956.8, and 2112, & 

documents incorporated by reference 

10/24/02 Slight relaxation in requirements over 

2000 rule. 

Low Emission Vehicles II. Align Heavy Duty Gas 

Engine Standards with Federal Standards; minor 

administrative changes. T 13, CCR, 1961, 1965, 

1956.8, 1956.1, 1978, 2065 and documents 

incorporated by reference 

12/12/02 

Waiver granted August 19, 2005 (70 FR 

50322 (8/26/05)) for all but HDGE. 

HDGE standards adopted to harmonize 

with EPA’s. Initial notice on within-thescope finding request for HDGE: 72 FR 

27114 (5/14/07). 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate 

from School Bus Idling. T13, CCR, 2480 12/12/02 No emission reductions claimed. 

Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for 2003. T 13, 

CCR, 1960.1(k), 1961(a) and (d), 1900, 1962, and 

documents incorporated by reference 

03/25/03 Found within the scope December 21, 

2005 (71 FR 78190 (12/28/06)) 

Solid Waste Collection Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 2020, 

2021, 2021.1, 2021.2 09/24/03 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate 

from Transport Refrigeration Units. T 13, CCR, 2022 

and 2477 

12/11/03 Waiver granted (non-road) January 9, 

2009 (74 FR 3030 (1/16/2009)) 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-31 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-4 

On-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure, Warranty and 

In-Use Compliance Requirements (Amendments). T 

13, CCR, 2701-2707 & 2709 

12/11/03 Procedures to verify diesel retrofit 

technology. 

CA Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule. T 13, 

CCR, 1969 01/22/04 Compliance provision. Very similar to 

EPA regulations at 40 CFR 86.1808.01 

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine-Chip Reflash. T 13, CCR, 

2011, 2180.1, 2181, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2192, and 2194 03/27/04 Compliance provision. 

Engine Manufacturer Diagnostic System 

Requirements for 2007 and Subsequent Model Heavy 

Duty Engines. T 13, CCR, 1971 

05/20/04 Waiver granted December 22, 2005 (71 

FR 335 (1/4/06)) 

Urban Bus Engines/Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies. 

T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, 1956.3, and 1956.4, 06/24/04 Various modifications to urban/transit 

bus standards. 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate 

from Diesel Fueled Commercial Vehicle Idling. T 13, 

CCR, 2485 

07/22/04 

Greenhouse Gas Standards. T 13, CCR, 1961.1, 1900, 

1961 and Incorporated Test Procedures 

09/23/04 Waiver granted June 30, 2009 (74 FR 

32744 (July 8, 2009) 

Transit Fleet Rule. T 13, CCR, 2023, 2023.1, 2023.2, 

2023.3, 2023.4, 1956.1, 2020, 2021, repeal 1956.2, 

1956.3, 1956.4 

02/24/05 

On-Board Diagnostic System Requirements for 2010 

and Subsequent Model-Year Heavy-Duty Engines 

(HD OBD). T 13, CCR, 1971.1 

07/21/05 Waiver granted August 13, 2008 (73 FR 

52042 (9/8/08)) 

2007-2009 Model-Year Heavy Duty Urban Bus 

Engines and the Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies. T 

13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, and 1956.8 

09/15/05 & 

10/20/05 

Aligns State emission standards with 

federal emission standards. 

Requirements to Reduce Idling Emissions from New 

and In-Use Trucks, Beginning in 2008. T 13, CCR 

section 1956.8 and the incorporated document 

10/20/05 

Confirm not pre-empted or within the 

scope finding requested. Initial notice 75 

FR 43975 (7/27/2010) 

Diesel Particulate Matter Control Measure for OnRoad Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Vehicles Owned or 

Operated by Public Agencies and Utilities. T 13, 

CCR, 2022 and 2022.1 

12/08/05 

AB1009 Heavy-Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection 

Program. T 13, CCR, 2180, 2180.1, 2181, 2182, 

2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, and 2188, 2189 

01/26/06 Requires trucks to have emission control 

labels. 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-32 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-4 

On-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Diesel Verification Procedure, Warranty & In-Use. T 

13, CCR, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2706, 2707, and 2709. 03/23/06 

Procedures to verify diesel retrofit 

technology, supporting rule for in-use 

control measures. 

Technical Amendments to Evaporative Exhaust and 

Evaporative Emissions Test Procedures. T 13, CCR, 

1961,1976 and 1978. 

05/25/06 Within the scope finding July 22, 2010 

(75 FR 44948 (July 27, 2010)). 

California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule. T 

13, CCR, 1969 and incorporated documents 

06/22/06 Compliance provision. Very similar to 

EPA regulations at 40 CFR 86.1808.01 

On-Board Diagnostic II. T 13, CCR, 1968.2, 1968.5, 

2035, 2037 and 2038 09/28/06 Within the scope finding requested 

Heavy-Duty In-Use Compliance Regulation. T 13, 

CCR, 1956.1, 1956.8, and documents incorporated by 

reference 

09/28/06 

Compliance provision. Compliance 

program "essentially identical to EPA's." 

See Updated Information Digest for the 

Rule. 

Zero Emission Bus Regulation. T13, CCR, 2023.1, 

2023.3, & 2023.4 10/19/06 

Delays ZEB requirements due to high bus 

costs and unproven durability, reliability 

and ability to produce the number of 

buses required by the regulation. See 

Updated Information Digest. 

Voluntary Accelerated Retirement Regulation. T 13, 

CCR, 2601-2610 and appendices A-D 12/07/06 Establishes standards for a voluntary 

accelerated retirement program. 

Appendix Table A-5 

Off-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Emission Standards for Utility and Lawn and 

Garden Engines. T 17, CCR, 2400 et. seq. 12/13/90 Waiver granted July 5, 1995 (60 

FR 37440 (7/20/95)) 1-year Implementation Delay in Emission Standards 

for Utility Engines. T 13, CCR, 2400, 2403-2407 04/08/93 

Utility and Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines. 

T 13, CCR, 2403(c), 11(a)(1)(I)(ii), 4(a)(1)(I)(ii) 07/28/94 

Within the scope finding 

November 9, 2000 (65 FR 

69763 (11/20/00)) 

Utility and Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines. 

CO Standards 

1/25/96 

Within the scope finding 

November 9, 2000 (65 FR 

69763 (11/20/00)) 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-33 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-5 

Off-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Small Off-Road Engines (SORE). T 13, CCR, 

2400, 2410-2414 03/26/98 

Within the scope finding 

November 9, 2000 (65 FR 

69767 (11/20/00)), waiver 

granted (durability 

requirements), November 10, 

2003 (65 FR 65702 (11/21/03)). 

Small Off-Road Engines (SORE). T 13, CCR, 

2400-2409, 2405.1, 2405.2, 2405.3, 2750-2754, 

2754.1, 2754.2, 2755-2767, 2767.1, 2768-2773 and 

the documents incorporated by reference 

09/25/03 

Waiver granted, December 11, 

2006 (71 FR 75536 

(12/15/2006)) 

Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 

2410-2414, 2111-2140 01/03/94 

Waiver granted December 23, 

1996 (61 FR 69093 

(12/31/1996)) 

Wintertime Requirements for Utility Engines & 

Off-Highway Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 2403 09/26/96 

Within the scope finding 

November 9, 2000 (65 FR 

69763 (11/20/00)) 

1997 & Later Model Off-Highway Recreational 

Vehicles and Engines. T 13, CCR, 2410-2414, 

2415 

12/10/98 Within the scope finding request 

March 4, 2000 

Off-Highway Recreation Vehicles. T13, CCR, 

2415 07/24/03 

Addition to March 4, 2000 

request November 19, 2004. 

Made changes to riding season 

restrictions. 

Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines. T 

13, CCR, 2411-2413, 2415 & documents 

incorporated by reference 

07/20/06 Adopted evaporative emission 

standards identical to EPA's. 

Heavy Duty Diesel Cycle Engines. T 13, CCR, 

2420-2427 01/09/92 Waiver granted May 15, 1995 

(60 FR 48981 (9/21/1995)) 

Exemption of Military Tactical Vehicles. T 13, 

CCR, 1905, 2400, 2420 12/14/95 

Within the scope finding 

November 9, 2000 (65 FR 

69763 (11/20/00)) 

Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines. T 13, 

CCR, 2111, 2112, 2137, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2144, 

2400, 2401, 2403, 2420, 2421, 2423-2427, & 

appendix A to article 2.1. 

01/27/00 Waiver granted, February 5, 

2010 (75 FR 8056 (2/23/2010) 

Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines. T 13, 

CCR, 2420, 2421, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2427 12/09/04 Waiver granted February 5, 

2010 (75 FR 8056 (2/23/2010)) 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-34 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-5 

Off-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 

2449 07/26/07 

Notice of opportunity for public 

hearing and comment (on 

waiver), 73 FR 58585 

(10/7/2008). 

Large Off-Road Spark-Ignition Engine Regulations. 

T 13, CCR, 2430 et seq., and 2411-2414 10/22/98 Waiver granted May 15, 2006 

(71 FR 29623 (5/23/2006)) 

Fork Lifts and Other Industrial Equipment. (Large 

Off-Road Spark Ignition Engines > 1 liter) T 13, 

CCR 2430, 2433, 2434. Adopt 2775, 2775.1, 

2775.2, 2780, 2781, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 

2788, and 2789. 

05/26/06 

Adopts EPA's Standards for 

2007; adopts more stringent 

standards for 2010. 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

Marine Engines. T 13, CCR, 2440 et seq 

12/10/98 Waiver granted March 22, 2007 

(59 FR 14546 (March 28, 2007)) 

Marine Inboard Engines. T 13, CCR, 2111, 2112, 

2139, 2140, 2147, 2440-2442, 2443.1-2443.3, 2444, 

2445.1, 2445.2, 2446, 2444.2 and incorporation of 

documents by reference 

07/26/01 

Waiver granted in part March 

22, 2007 (59 FR 14546 (March 

28, 2007)) 2007 standards not 

waived. 

Marine Inboard Sterndrive Engines. T 13 CCR 

2111, 2112, 2441, 2442, 2444.2, 2445.1, 2446, 

2447, and incorporated document 

11/17/05 

Revision to year 2007 standards 

in 7/26/2001 marine inboard 

engine standards. Waiver 

requested February 7, 2008. 

Portable Equipment Registration Program. T 13, 

CCR, 2450-2465 03/27/97 

Revisions to Statewide Portable Equipment 

Registration Program. T 13, CCR, 2450-2463 12/10/98 

Modifications to the Statewide Portable Equipment 

Registration Program (PERP) Regulations . T 13, 

CCR Amendments to 2450-2465, and repeal of 

2466 

02/26/04 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel-Fueled 

Portable Engines. T 17, CCR,93116, 93116.1, 

93116.2, 93116.3, 93116.4, and 93116.5 

02/26/04 Within-the-scope finding/waiver 

requested March 28, 2005. 

Portable Equipment Registration Program. T 13, 

CCR, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 

2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 

and 2465 

06/22/06 Within-the-scope finding/waiver 

requested December 5, 2008. 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-35 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-5 

Off-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Emergency Regulation for Portable Equipment 

Registration Program Airborne Toxic Control 

Measures and Portable and Stationary diesel-Fueled 

Engines. T 13, CCR, 2452, 2455, 2456, 2461; T17 

CCR 93115, 93116.2, 93116.3 

12/06/06 Within-the-scope finding/waiver 

requested December 5, 2008. 

Portable Equipment Registration Program and 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel-Fueled 

Portable Engines. T 13, CCR, 2451, 2452, 2456, 

2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, and 2462, T 17, CCR, 

93116.1, 93116.2, 93116.3 , 93116.3.1 

03/22/07 Within-the-scope finding/waiver 

requested December 5, 2008. 

Aftermarket Parts for Off-Road Engines. T 13, 

CCR, 2470-2476 11/19/98 Compliance measure 

Portable Container Spillage Control Measure. T 13, 

CCR, 2470-2478 09/23/99 Similar federal regulation. 40 

CFR part 59, subpart F. 

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 1 of 2]. T 13, 

CCR, 2467 and 2467.1 09/15/05 Similar federal regulation. 40 

CFR part 59, subpart F. 

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 2 of 2]. T 13, 

CCR 2467.2, 2467.3, 2467.4, 2467.5, 2467.6, 

2467.7; repeal of 2467.8, and adoption of new 

2467.8 and 2467.9. 

09/15/05 Similar federal regulation. 40 

CFR part 59, subpart F. 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel 

Particulate for Transport Refrigeration Units. T 13, 

CCR, 2022 & 2477 

12/11/03 

Waiver granted (non-road) 

January 9, 2009 (74 FR 3030 

(1/16/2009)) 

Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment at Ports and 

Intermodal Rail Yards. T 13, CCR, 2479 12/08/05 Within-the-scope finding and waiver request January 29, 2007 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Cruise Ships 

Onboard Incineration. T 17, CCR, 93119 11/17/05 No emission reductions 

Auxiliary Diesel Engines and Diesel-Electric 

Engines Operated on Ocean-Going Vessels within 

California Waters and 24 Nautical Miles of the 

California Baseline. T 13, CCR, 2299.1 and T 17, 

CCR, 93118 

12/08/05 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Cruise Ships 

and Ocean-Going Ships Onboard Incineration 

(amendments). T 17, CCR, 93119 

11/16/06 

Ocean-Going Vessels At Berth (Shore Power). T 

13, CCR, 2299.3 and T 17, CCR, 93118.3 and 

documents incorporated by reference 

12/06/07 No emission reductions claimed 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-36 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-5 

Off-Road Mobile Source Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Commercial Harbor Craft. T 13, CCR, 2222 and 

incorporated "California Evaluation Procedures for 

New Aftermarket Catalytic Converters" 

11/15/07 No emission reductions claimed 

Cleaner Fuels in Ocean-Going Vessel Main Engines 

and Auxiliary Boilers. T 13, CCR, 2299.2 and T 

17, CCR, section 93118.2 

07/24/08 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-37 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

E. State Consumer Product Measures 

California has been regulating the VOC content of consumer products for 20 years and 

continues to tighten standards and regulate more products. Appendix Table A-6 is a list of 

CARB’s rulemaking actions on consumer products since 1990. 

Appendix Table A-6 

Consumer Products Measures Adopted by the 

California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Antiperspirant/Deodorants. T 17, CCR, 94500­

94506 11/09/89 Approved 8/21/95 (60 FR 43379) 

Consumer Products BAAQMD. T 17, CCR, 94520­

94526 06/14/90 Not applicable to the SJV area 

Phase I - Consumer Products. T 17, CCR, 94507­

94517 10/11/90 Approved 8/21/95 (60 FR 43379) 

Phase II - Consumer Products. T 17, CCR, 94501, 

94502, 94505, 94514, 94503.5, 94506, 94507 - 

94513, 94515 

01/09/92 Approved 8/21/95 (60 FR 43379) 

Notice of General Public Interest for Consumer 

Products. T 17, CCR, 94507 - 94517 11/30/92 Not a control measure 

Alternative Control Plan for Consumer Products. T 

17, CCR, 94540-94555 09/22/94 Voluntary compliance option. No 

action. 

Aerosol Coating Products and Alternative Control 

Plan. T 17, CCR, 94520-94528, 94540-94543, 

94547. 

03/23/95 Superseded by 6/22/00 rule. 

Antiperspirants and Deodorants, Consumer 

Products, and Aerosol Coating Products. T 17, 

CCR, 94500-94506, 94508, 94521 

09/28/95 

Superseded by 6/24/04 rule for 

antiperspirants and deodorants; 

superseded by 11/17/06 rule for 

consumer products; superseded by 

11/17/06 rule for aerosol coating 

products. 

Antiperspirants and Deodorants, Consumer 

Products, Aerosol Coating Products (ARB Test 

Method 310). T 17, CCR, 94506(a), 94515(a), 

94526 

11/21/96 

Superseded by 6/24/04 rule for 

antiperspirants and deodorants; 

superseded by 11/17/16 rule for 

consumer products; superseded by 

11/17/06 rule for aerosol coating 

products. 

Consumer Products and Aerosol Coating Products 

Amendments. T 17, CCR, 94508-94515, 99517, 

94321 

11/21/96 Superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Consumer Products (Hair Spray) Amendments. T 

17, CCR, 94509, 94513, 94514 03/27/97 Voluntary compliance option. No action. 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-38 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-6 

Consumer Products Measures Adopted by the 

California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Consumer Products (Mid-Term Measures) 

Amendments. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, 94513 07/24/97 Superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Consumer Products (Hairspray Credit Program). T 

17, CCR, 94502, 94509, 94522, & 94548 11/13/97 Voluntary compliance option. No 

action. 

Consumer Products, Aerosol Coatings & 

Antiperspirants and Deodorants. T 17, CCR, 

94501, 94508, 94521, 94522, and 94524 

11/19/98 Superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Consumer Products - LVP-VOC Definitions And 

Test Methods. T 17, CCR, 94506, 94506.5, 

94508(a)(78), 94515 and 94526, and the 

amendment of ARB Method 310 

11/19/98 Superseded by 6/24/04 rule for test 

method 310 and 11/17/06 rule for rest. 

California Consumer Products Regulation MidTerm Measures II. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, and 

94513 

10/28/99 Superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Consumer Products Aerosol Adhesives Control 

Measure. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, 94512, 94513 05/25/00 Superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Aerosol (Paint) Coatings Products. T 17, CCR, 

94700, 94701, 94521-94524, 94526 06/22/00 Approved 9/13/05 70 FR 53920; 

superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Antiperspirant and Deodorant Regulations. T 17, 

CCR, 94502, 94504 10/26/00 Superseded by 6/24/04 rule 

Revised Tables of Maximum Incremental Reactivity 

Values. T 1, CCR, 94700. 12/03/03 Approved 9/13/05 70 FR 53920; 

superseded by 11/17/06 rule 

Consumer Products & Methods 310/ATCM for 

Para-Dicholorobenzene. T 17, CCR, 94501, 

94506, 94507, 94508, 94509, 94510, 94512, 94513, 

94515, and 94526, and ARB Method 310, which is 

incorporated by reference 

06/24/04 Approved November 4, 2009 (74 FR 

57074) (EO order date of 5/6/05) 

Consumer Products. T 17, CCR, 94508, 94509, 

94510, 94513 & 94523 11/17/06 Approved November 4, 2009 (74 FR 

57074) (EO order date 9/16/07) 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-39 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

F. State Vapor Recovery Measures 

Under California State law (Health and Safety Code Sections 41954), CARB is required 

to adopt procedures and performance standards for controlling gasoline emissions from gasoline 

marketing operations, including transfer and storage operations. State law also authorizes 

CARB, in cooperation with the Districts, to certify vapor recovery systems, identify defective 

equipment, and develop test methods. Appendix Table A-7 is a list of rulemaking actions taken 

by CARB since 1990 that address vapor recovery equipment certification, defects, and/or test 

methods. 

Appendix Table A-7 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17, CCR, 

94010-94015, 94150-94160, 94000-94004, 94007. 06/29/95 

CARB sets requirements for and 

certifies vapor recovery equipment. 

District rules establish requirements 

for the installation of CARB-certified 

equipment. See SJVAPCD Rules 

4621 & 4622 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17, CCR, 

94010-94015 and 94150, 94156, 94157, 94158, 

94159, 94160, 94162 

08/27/98 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17, CCR, 

94011, 94153, 94155, and incorporated test 

procedures, CP-201, TP- 201.4, and TP-201.6 

06/24/99 

Enhanced Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems (In 

Station Diagnostics and Onboard Refueling Vapor 

Recovery). T 17, CCR, 94011 

03/23/00 

Enhanced Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems 

(Emergency Filing CP-201, section 18). T 17, 

CCR, 94011 

03/23/00 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems Test Methods 

and Compliance Procedures. T 17, CCR, 94010, 

94011, 94153, 94155, 94163, 94164, 94165 & 

incorporated procedures 

10/25/01 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems Defects. T 17, 

CCR, 94006 and incorporated document. 11/15/01 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems Test Procedures. 

T 17, CCR, 94010, 94011, 94163, 94164, and 

94165 and procedures incorporated by reference, 

and 94166, 94167, and incorporation by reference. 

12/12/02 

Unihose Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T17, 

CCR, 94011 07/22/04 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-40 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-7 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Dispensing 

Facilities. Emergency Filing. T 17, CCR, 94011 07/22/04 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery System Equipment 

Defects List. T 17, CCR, 94006(b) & incorporated 

document 

08/24/04 

Enhanced Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems 

Extension. T 17, CCR, 94011 and certification 

procedure 

11/18/04 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17 CCR 

94011 and incorporated certification 

06/22/06 

Vapor Recovery Aboveground Storage Tanks 

(AST). T 17, CCR, 94010, 94011, 94016 and 

94168 and incorporated documents 

06/21/07 

Gasoline Vapor Recovery System Equipment 

Defects List. T 17, CCR, 94006 N/A 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-41 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

G. Other State Measures 

A number of CARB measures do not fall into one of the categories of measures listed in 

Appendix Tables A-2 through A-7. These measures are listed below in Appendix Table A-8. 

Appendix Table A-8 

Other Not Previously Listed Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Airborne Air Toxic Measure for Ethylene Oxide 

from Sterilizers & Aerators. T 17, CCR, 93108 05/10/90 

Controls for Abrasive Blasting. T 17, CCR, 92000, 

92200, 92400, 98500, 98510, 92520, 92530 11/08/90 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Emission of 

Toxic Metals from Non-Ferrous Metal Melting. T 

17 & 26, CCR, 93107 

12/10/92 

Air Toxic Control Measure for Chlorinated Toxic 

Air Contaminants from Automotive Maintenance 

and Repair Facilities. T 17, CCR, 93111 

04/27/00 Mainly addresses non-VOC 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Asbestos from 

Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface 

Mining. T 17, CCR, 93105 

07/26/01 

Air Toxic Control Measures for Auto and Mobile 

Equipment Refinishing Coatings Containing 

Hexavalent Chromium and Cadmium Compounds. 

T 17, CCR, 93112 

09/20/01 

Air toxic control measures 

prohibits additives with 

hexavalent chromium. Total 

emissions CA are less than 300 

lb per year. ISOR, p. V-2. 

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations. 

T 17, CCR, 94200-94214 11/15/01 

Minimal impact, few units 

certified. See ISOR for 9/28/06 

rule amendment 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Outdoor 

Residential Waste Burning. T 17, CCR, 93113 02/21/02 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Engines. T 17, CCR 93115 

& documents incorporate by reference 

2/26/04 PM control measure. 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-42 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix Table A-8 

Other Not Previously Listed Measures Adopted 

by the California Air Resources Board 

1990 to 2006 

Measure Hearing Date Comments 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Hexavalent 

Chromium and Nickel from Thermal Spraying. T 

17, CCR, 93102.5 

12/09/04 

Air toxic control measures. 

Total emissions (chromium & 

nickel in CA are less than 200 lb 

per year. ISOR, p. IV-6 to 8. 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Engines (amendments). T 17, 

CCR, 93115 

05/26/05 3/17/05 Revisions to 2/26/04 rule. PM 

control measure. 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Stationary 

Compression Ignition Engines (amendments, In-Use 

Agricultural Eng. Exemption removal). T 17, CCR, 

93115.1-93115.15.t. 

11/16/06 PM control measure. 

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations. 

T 17, CCR, 94201, 94201.1, 94203, 94204, & 

94207-942142 

10/19/06 

Addition of 2013 standards NOx 

and VOC standards for DG units 

which burn waste gas. 

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Chrome 

Plating and Chromic Acid Anodizing Operations. T 

17, CCR, 93102.1-93102.16 

12/07/06 

Air toxic control measures. 

Total emissions in CA are 14.4 

lb per year. ISOR, p. 49. 

EPA- Region 9 Page A-43 
 

 

 

TSD for the Proposed Action 

on the South Coast 2007 AQMP for PM2.5 November 8, 2010 

Appendix B – SCAQMD Rules
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

223 Large Confined Animal Feeding 

Operations 

6/2/06 3/17/09 n/a n/a Baseline measure 

401 Visible Emissions 11/09/01 7/10/84 1/29/85 50 FR 3907 Baseline measure 

403 Fugitive Dust 6/3/05 10/20/05 03/10/08 73 FR 12639 Baseline measure 

431.2. Sulfur Content Of Liquid Fuels 9/15/00 12/31/90 06/08/99 64 FR 30396 Baseline measure 

442 Usage Of Solvents 12/15/00 05/08/01 05/23/02 67 FR 36105 Baseline measure 

444 Open Burning 11/7/08 1/22/02 4/8/02 67 FR 16644 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

445 Wood Burning Devices 03/07/08 07/18/08 6/11/2009 74 FR 27716 Control Strategy 

measure 

461 Gasoline Transfer and Dispensing 03/07/08 10/20/05 4/11/06 71 FR 18216 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

462 Organic Liquid Loading 05/14/99 06/03/99 07/21/99 64 FR 39037 Baseline measure 

463 Organic Liquid Storage 05/6/05 10/20/05 01/04/07 72 FR 267 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1102 Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaners 11/7/2000 5/08/01 7/17/02 67 FR 46876 Baseline measure 

1103 Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics 

Manufacturing 

3/12/99 5/13/99 7/21/99 64 FR 39037 Baseline measure 

1104 Wood Flat Stock Coating Operation 8/13/99 10/29/99 3/22/00 65 FR 15240 Baseline measure 

1105 Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units - SOx 9/1/84 2/6/85 7/12/90 55 FR 28624 Baseline measure 

1105.1 Reduction of PM and NH3 emissions 

from Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units 

11/7/03 6/3/04 1/4/06 71 FR 241 Baseline measure 

1106 Marine Coating Operations 1/13/95 2/24/95 7/14/95 60 FR 36225 Baseline measure 

1106.1 Pleasure Craft Coating Operations 2/12/99 6/3/99 8/31/99 64 FR 47390 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1107 Coating of Metal Parts and Products 1/6/06 5/8/07 11/24/08 73 FR 70883 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

1108 Cutback Asphalt 2/1/85 4/12/85 7/12/90 55 FR 28624 Baseline measure 

1108.1 Emulsified Asphalt 11/4/83 10/25/84 1/24/85 50 FR 3338 baseline measure 

1109 

NOx Emissions from Boilers and 

Process Heaters – Petroleum 

Refineries 

8/5/88 3/26/90 1/13/00 65 FR 2052 Baseline measure 

1110.2 Emissions from Gaseous and Liquid 

Fueled Engines 

2/1/08 5/20/08 4/17/09 74 FR 18995 Control strategy measure 

1111 NOx emissions from Natural-GasFired, Fan type Central Furnaces 11/6/09 5/17/10 8/4/10 75 FR 46845 Control strategy measure 

1112 NOx from Cement Kilns 6/6/86 10/10/86 6/25/90 55 FR 25832 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1112.1 PM from Cement Kilns 12/4/09 7/20/10 09/2/98 63 FR 46659 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

1113 Architectural coatings 7/13/07 3/07/08 10/5/10 

proposal 75 FR 61367 Baseline and control strategy measure 

1115 Motor Vehicle Assembly Line 

Coating Operations 

5/12/95 6/16/95 7/14/95 60 FR 36225 Baseline measure 

1117 NOx emissions from Glass Melting 

Furnaces 

1/6/84 2/6/85 7/12/90 55 FR 28624 Baseline measure 

1118 Refinery flares 11/4/05 10/5/06 8/28/07 72 FR 49196 Baseline measure 

1121 Control of NOx from Residential type 

natural-gas-fired water heaters 

9/3/04 7/18/08 5/6/09 74 FR 20880 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

1122 Solvent Degreasers 10/1/04 1/13/05 2/8/06 71 FR 6350 Baseline measure 

1123 Refinery Process Turnarounds 12/7/90 5/13/91 8/11/92 57 FR 35758 Baseline measure 

1124 Aerospace Assembly and Component 

Manufacturing Operations 

9/21/01 1/22/02 8/13/02 67 FR 52611 Baseline measure 

1125 Metal Container, Closure, and Coil 

Coating Operations 

03/7/08 4/6/09 12/21/09 74 FR 67844 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

1126 Magnet Wire Coating Operations 1/13/95 2/24/95 6/13/95 60 FR 31081 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1127 Emissions Reductions from Livestock 

Waste 

8/6/04 10/5/06 n/a n/a Baseline measure 

1128 Paper, Fabric, and Film Coating 

Operations 

3/8/96 7/23/96 5/4/99 64 FR 23774 Baseline measure 

1130 Graphic Arts 10/8/99 1/21/00 9/13/00 65 FR 55201 Baseline measure 

1130.1 Screen Printing Operations 12/13/96 3/3/97 8/21/98 63 FR 44792 Baseline measure 

1131 Food Product Manufacturing and 

Processing Operations 

6/6/03 8/11/03 1/22/04 69 FR 3018 Baseline measure 

1132 Further Control of VOC from High 

Emitting Spray Booths 

5/5/06 1/10/10 4/26/04 69 FR 22445 Baseline measure 

1133, 1133.1, 

1133.2 Composting and Related Operations 1/10/03 6/5/03 7/21/04 69 FR 43518 Baseline measure 

1134 NOx from Stationary Gas Turbines 8/8/97 3/10/98 8/1/00 65 FR 46873 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1135 NOx from Electric Power Generating 

Systems 

7/9/91 1/28/92 8/11/98 63 FR 42721 Baseline measure 

1136 Wood Products Coatings 6/14/96 8/28/96 8/18/98 63 FR 44132 Baseline measure 

1137 PM10 Reduction from Woodworking 

Operations 

2/1/02 11/9/02 1/22/04 69 FR 3018 Baseline measure 

1138 Control of Emissions from Restaurant 

Operations 

11/14/97 3/10/98 7/11/01 66 FR 36170 Baseline measure 

1140 Abrasive Blasting 8/2/85 11/12/85 09/28/81 46 FR 47451 Baseline measure 

1141 Control of VOC Emissions from 

Resin Manufacturing 

11/17/00 3/14/01 8/13/02 67 FR 52611 Baseline measure 

1141.1 Coatings and Ink Manufacturing 11/17/00 3/14/01 2/12/02 67 FR 6410 Baseline measure 

1141.2 Surfactant Manufacturing 1/11/02 5/21/02 8/26/03 68 FR 51181 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1142 Marine Tank Vessel Operations 7/19/91 01/28/92 12/13/94 59 FR 64132 Baseline measure 

1143 Consumer paint thinners and 

multipurpose solvents 

7/9/10 n/a n/a n/a 

Control strategy 

measure; New rule; not 

yet submitted 

1144 Metalworking fluids and direct 

contact lubricants 

7/9/10 5/17/10 7/14/10 75 FR 40726 Control strategy 

measure 

1145 Plastic, Rubber, Leather and Glass 

Coatings 

12/3/09 5/17/10 7/14/10 75 FR 40726 Control strategy 

measure 

1146 

NOx from Industrial, Institutional, and 

Commercial Boilers, Steam 

Generators, and Process Heaters 

9/5/08 7/20/10 4/8/02 67 FR 16640 Control strategy 

measure 

1146.1 

NOx from Industrial, Institutional, and 

Commercial Boilers, Steam 

Generators, and Process Heaters 

9/5/08 7/20/10 9/6/95 60 FR 46220 Control strategy 

measure 

1146.2 NOx from Large Water Heaters and 

Small Boilers 

5/5/06 3/7/08 12/5/08 73 FR 74027 Baseline measure 

1147 NOx Reductions from Miscellaneous 

Sources 

12/5/08 5/17/10 8/4/10 75 FR 46845 Control strategy measure 

1148 Thermally Enhanced Oil Recovery 

Wells 

11/5/82 2/3/83 10/19/84 49 FR 41028 Baseline measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1148.1 Oil and gas production wells 03/05/04 01/10/10 n/a n/a 

Baseline measure; first 

time this rule has been 

submitted to EPA 

1149 Storage Tank Degassing 05/02/08 04/06/09 12/21/09 74 FR 67821 Control strategy measure 

1150.1 Control of Gaseous Emissions from 

Active Landfills 

03/17/00 07/26/00 07/01/02 67 FR 44062 Baseline measure 

1151 

Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment 

Non-Assembly Line Coating 

Operations 

12/02/05 06/04/09 12/29/09 74 FR 68759 Baseline measure 

1153 Commercial Bakery Ovens 01/13/95 02/24/95 08/08/95 60 FR 40285 Baseline measure 

1156 PM10 Emissions Reductions from 

Cement Manufacturing 

3/6/09 4/29/09 3/10/08 73 FR 12639 Control strategy measure 

1157 PM10 Emissions Reductions from 

Aggregate and Related Operations 

9/8/06 5/17/10 n/a n/a 

Control strategy 

measure; first time this 

rule has been submitted 

to EPA 

1158 Storage, Handling and Transport of 

Petroleum Coke 

7/11/08 12/23/08 11/10/09 74 FR 57907 Control strategy measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1159 Nitric Acid Units - NOx­ 12/6/85 2/10/86 7/12/90 55 FR 28622 Baseline measure 

1162 Polyester Resin Operations 7/8/05 4/6/09 2/12/02 67 FR 6410 Baseline measure 

1164 Semiconductor Manufacturing 1/13/95 2/24/95 2/1/96 61 FR 3579 Baseline measure 

1166 VOC Emissions from Decontaminated 

Soil 7/14/95 10/13/95 8/17/98 63 FR 43884 Baseline measure 

1168 Adhesive and Sealant Applications 1/7/05 4/29/09 12/12/03 68 FR 69320 Baseline measure 

1171 Solvent Cleaning Operations 7/14/06 5/17/10 7/27/04 69 FR 44599 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 

1173 Fugitive VOC Emissions 2/6/09 1/10/10 5/5/10 75 FR 24406 Baseline and control 

strategy measure 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table Appendix B -1 

Status of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rules 

for NOx, VOC, PM, and SOx 

Rule No. Rule 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Adopted/ 

Revised 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Submitted 

Date of Most 

Recent Rule 

Approved 

Federal 

Register Cite 

Comments 

1174 Control of VOC Emissions from the 

Ignition of Barbecue Charcoal 10/5/90 5/13/91 10/4/94 59 FR 50498 Baseline measure 

1175 

Control of Emissions from the 

Manufacture of Polymeric Cellular 

(Foam) Products 

9/7/07 3/7/08 5/5/10 75 FR 24406 Baseline measure and 

control strategy measure 

1176 Sumps and Wastewater Separators 9/3/96 11/26/96 10/7/02 67 FR 62376 Baseline measure 

1178 

Further Reductions of VOC Emissions 

From Storage Tanks at Petroleum 

Facilities 

12/21/01 5/21/02 8/26/03 68 FR 51181 Baseline measure 

1179 Publicly Owned Treatment Works 

Operations 

3/6/92 9/14/92 10/4/94 58 FR 50498 Baseline measure 

1186 

PM10 Emissions from Paved and 

Unpaved Roads and Livestock 

Operations 

7/11/08 12/23/08 11/14/05 70 FR 69081 Baseline and control 

strategy measure. 

1189 Emission from Hydrogen Plant 

Process Vents 

1/21/00 7/26/00 6/8/01 66 FR 30815 Baseline measure 

2000-2015 RECLAIM 5/6/05 10/20/05 8/29/06 71 FR 51120 Baseline and control 

strategy measure