MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-12-00002-CR

Roy Luis RESENDEZ,

Appellant

v.

The STATE of Texas,

Appellee

From the 437th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2009CR2055

Honorable Lori I. Valenzuela, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice

Sitting: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice

Karen Angelini, Justice

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Delivered and Filed: October 31, 2012

AFFIRMED

Pursuant to a plea-bargain agreement, Roy Luis Resendez pled no contest to having 

committed sexual assault and was placed on deferred adjudication community supervision for 

two years. He brings four issues on appeal: (1) his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made 

because both his attorney and the trial judge improperly advised him of the law; (2) the trial 

judge erred in inaccurately advising him of his ability to apply for and obtain early termination of 

sex offender registration; (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his counsel 
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inaccurately advised him of his ability to apply for and obtain early termination of sex offender 

registration; and (4) he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not 

obtain a ruling on his motion for new trial before the trial judge lost plenary power. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

On September 29, 2011, on the day of trial and as the venire panel congregated in the 

hallway, Resendez decided to accept the State’s plea-bargain offer of two years deferred 

adjudication community supervision. The trial judge then properly admonished Resendez, and 

Resendez affirmatively stated that he was waiving his rights. The trial judge asked defense 

counsel if he believed Resendez had a factual and rational understanding of the charges pending 

against him: 

Defense Counsel: Do you understand the charges against you?

Resendez: Yes.

Judge: And before we proceed any further, I’m seeing Mr. Resendez is a little 

anxious. Let me just put on the record that we have been here since this morning 

at approximately 10:00. I’ve had a jury panel of 63 potential jurors waiting 

outside in the hallway in anticipation of trying this case and proceeding to trial. I 

believe since it is after 2:15, I have tried to give both sides sufficient time to not 

only confer, but to also enter into a plea agreement that I understood Mr. 

Resendez was willingly entering into. And so Mr. Resendez, I just want to make 

sure that you understand what you’re doing now is you’re waiving that right. 

Okay. And that’s what I’m asking your attorney and that’s what he is asking you. 

Okay. So all the rights that you have, because you’re accused of a criminal 

offense, you’re waiving at this point. Do you understand that?

The defendant replied, “Yes.” The trial judge then again asked defense counsel if he believed 

Resendez had a factual and rational understanding of the charges pending against him. Defense 

counsel answered, “He does, Your Honor.” The judge then asked defense counsel if Resendez 

had been able to assist in his possible defense: 

Defense counsel: Yes, he has, Judge. And we have gone over the plea agreement 

in great detail today. I explained to him, you know, the trial process, the rulings of 
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evidence that can come in and things like this, and the complainant’s evidence. 

I’ve also discussed with him that he would – that for him to take a plea, it was his 

plea, and he had to do it freely and voluntarily. And that the only way you could 

accept a plea is if he did it freely and voluntarily. And he understood that, and 

that’s what he wants to do. And he is probably not thinking that’s what he wants 

to do but he thinks under the circumstances it’s appropriate.

The trial judge then asked if Resendez was mentally competent to enter into this agreement and 

waive all his rights. Defense counsel answered that there was no question in his mind that 

Resendez was mentally competent. After all of the judge’s admonishments, Resendez pled no 

contest to the charge of sexual assault. The trial judge asked Resendez if he was pleading no 

contest because he had discussed it with his attorney and believed it was in his best interest. 

Resendez replied, “Yes.” The trial judge asked Resendez if he had been threatened or forced into 

the plea agreement. Resendez replied, “No.” The trial judge then asked if he had been promised 

anything in exchange for his plea. Resendez answered, “No.” 

After the State presented evidence of Resendez’s guilt, the trial judge found sufficient 

evidence of his guilt but made no other finding at that time. Resendez then waived a presentencing investigation and the trial judge proceeded to sentencing. The trial judge asked if 

there was anything else Resendez wanted to offer on his behalf before she imposed his sentence. 

Resendez’s defense counsel stated that the State was recommending two years deferred 

adjudication, which was an appropriate sentence. Defense counsel noted that Resendez had spent 

twenty-seven months in jail and was currently on a monitor. Defense counsel asked the judge to 

remove the condition of the monitor and concluded with the following: “And hopefully he will 

not have to be on lifetime sex registration.” The trial judge granted Resendez’s application for 

deferred adjudication and placed him on community supervision for two years. The trial judge 

also ordered Resendez to comply with Chapter 62’s sex registration requirements. The trial judge 
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asked if Resendez had any further questions. After confirming that he would be released and 

would have the monitor removed, Resendez asked the following:

Resendez: Also, like my lawyer said, is there a way later on – I don’t know, is 

there any law that I can get off this sex offender registration or whatnot?

Defense counsel: There is a lot that came into effect on September 1st. It’s a 

commission and it’s a review board. There are some requirements. I don’t know 

what the general requirement is. But obviously he has to be off the deferred. And 

I think deferred will help the fact.

Court: Sure.

Defense Counsel: I told him I would go over that with him when he finishes 

deferred.

Court: Right. Because it’s not going to be at this point within my discretion to 

make that decision. I do think -- well, we will have to see what they do. But of the 

nature – based on the nature of the offense—I mean you basically got the 

minimum punishment you can get. And if there is a commission that is going to 

look into that, they certainly, I think, will take that into consideration. But I don’t 

know what exactly what they are doing. It’s not within my discretion at this point. 

And it’s important that you do it as part of your deferred because I ordered you to 

comply with Chapter 62. If you don’t, you will be looking at a whole new felony.

Resendez: That’s like going to DPS [Department of Public Safety]. 

Court: They will talk to you – probation will talk to you about it, and they will let 

you know exactly what you need to be doing. But, yes, you are going to have to 

register as a sex offender. Every time you move, you need to re-register. You 

leave the city, you need to re-register. Okay. All right, sir. Good luck to you.

On October 28, 2011, Resendez timely filed a motion for new trial, arguing that his plea 

was involuntary because he believed he would not have a lifetime obligation for registration as a 

sex offender. On December 19, 2011, the trial judge held a hearing on the motion for new trial. 

At the hearing, Resendez’s defense lawyer questioned him about why he had pled no contest:

Q: And I explained to you that I felt that the evidence could be sufficient for a 

jury to find you guilty based upon [the complainant’s] testimony alone, and the 

fact that she had made an outcry to two individuals within a year; is that correct?

A: Yes.
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Q: Okay and given those considerations, you also had a very good offer of two 

years deferred, which, if you went to trial, you knew that you could not get 

deferred adjudication if a jury found you guilty?

A: Yes, I understood.

Q: Okay. And the fact that we had a beneficial plea agreement and no fine, you 

decided to take it. But we discussed sexual registration, did we not?

A: Yes.

Q: And based upon that representation, is that one of the reasons you decided to 

take the plea?

A: That was one of the main reasons.

Q: You had expectation that you may be able to terminate your sexual 

registration after you completed your probation term?

A: Exactly.

On cross-examination, Resendez admitted that he had not been forced into taking the plea 

bargain. When asked if his defense counsel had guaranteed to him that at any point, he would be 

released from the sex offender registration requirement, Resendez replied, “No, he said I would 

be able to apply.” Resendez’s defense counsel then said the following to the trial judge:

Judge, if I may state into the record that my representation of my client was based 

upon the fact that I was aware of some new provisions within the sexual – or 

within the registration codes. And that there – the determination of lifetime 

registration was kind of up for debate somewhat. And the decision would rest 

upon the counts of sex offender treatment, which has authority to consider 

applications for termination of sexual registration – lifetime registration. At the 

time I did not know which offenses were included or excluded. Since that time 

I’ve done some research. And it appears that contact sexual offenses, such as 

sexual assault, are excluded from that at the present moment. So, you know, I 

question whether or not my client had the correct information when he made the 

decision to plead guilty. Because one of the considerations he had obviously was 

whether or not he had lifetime registration. As it stands now, it appears that he is 

still under that provision. Because the offenses that are excluded are like 

compelling prostitution, indecent exposure, unlawful restraint of a victim under 

17, indecency with a child by exposure, possession or promotion of child 

pornography, online solicitation of a minor, and indecency with a child. So those 
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are the only noncontact offenses that are currently being considered by the council 

on sex offenders in compliance with federal [law].

(emphasis added).

Defense counsel then called Shannon Jones, the manager of Bexar County Probation 

Department’s sex offender program, to the stand. Jones testified to the following regarding early 

termination of sex offender registration:

The application of the council – the council is in charge of the obligation – the 

council in sex offender treatment in Texas has worked with the legislature to 

determine which offenses. They compiled a list of offenses with which you can 

petition and be considered for early termination. That goes along with federal 

sentencing guidelines or registration obligations. The list of – that is referenced –

there’s not a list in the CCP because the council was tasked with making that list. 

The list that the council put together, that is, cases that they will consider for deregistration or early – which is early termination, the wording in the CCP is early 

termination of registration – are the noncontact cases. At this time, currently the 

council, who has been tasked with developing and licensing the treatment 

providers that even do any of the evaluations, any of the criteria, has been tasked 

– that’s the list that they have come up with, the cases that they are considering 

for what we call de-registration. And those are the noncontact cases. We’ve had 

council – contact with the council because it’s an ongoing process. There hasn’t 

been – there’s been a lot of work done; there’s been a lot of effort put in to 

making sure the tools are correct on how the process works. So it’s a nonfinished 

product at this time. And it has been ongoing for a while. . . . Allison Taylor, who 

is the director of the council, has basically assured me [that] these are the cases 

that can petition for early termination. 

(emphasis added).

The trial judge then noted that she remembered having discussions about early 

termination during the plea hearing but could not remember exactly what had been said. She 

remembered defense council “reassuring” Resendez that he “could in fact early terminate.” 

Based on her recollection, the trial judge orally granted Resendez’s motion for new trial. Later, 

however, she determined that because seventy-five days had passed since she had imposed 

sentence, she had no authority to grant a new trial and signed an order stating, “Granted but lost 

plenary power.” Resendez now appeals from the trial court’s Order of Deferred Adjudication.
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DISCUSSION

Resendez’s first three issues deal with what transpired during his plea and sentencing 

hearing. In his first issue, he argues that his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made 

because both his attorney and the trial judge improperly advised him of the law. Resendez argues 

in his second issue that the trial judge erred in inaccurately advising him of his ability to apply 

for and obtain early termination of sex offender registration. In his third issue, he argues that his 

trial counsel was ineffective because his counsel inaccurately advised him of his ability to apply 

for and obtain early termination of sex offender registration. All three of these issues assume that 

Resendez’s trial counsel and the trial judge did, in fact, inaccurately advise him of the law during 

the plea and sentencing hearing. However, in reviewing the record of the hearing, neither the trial 

judge nor defense counsel did any such thing. Defense counsel stated that “hopefully [Resendez] 

will not have to be on lifetime sex registration.” (emphasis added). Defense counsel noted that 

there was “a lot that came into effect on September 1st,” but that he did not know what the 

commission and review board would do. The trial judge stated that she did not know exactly 

what the commission was doing. And, she then reiterated that Resendez would have to register as 

a sex offender and re-register every time he moved. Neither the trial judge nor defense counsel 

inaccurately advised Resendez of the law.

Further, at the motion for new trial hearing, Shannon Jones testified that the Council on 

Sex Offender Treatment, which has been empowered by the legislature, had not yet determined 

which offenses would be eligible for early termination of the sex registration requirement and 

that the process was still ongoing. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 62.402, 62.404. 

Indeed, the Council on Sex Offender Treatment did not publish its list of offenses until April 

2012, more than four months after the motion for new trial hearing. See Tex. Dep’t of 
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State Health Servs., Council on Sex Offender Treatment Home Page, 

http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/csot/default.shtm (last visited Oct. 17, 2012); Tex. Dep’t of 

Pub. Safety, Crime Records Service, Tex. Sex Offender Registration Program, Tex. 

Offenses Tiered Under the Fed. Adam Walsh (published April 2012), 

https://records.txdps.state.tx.us/DPS_WEB/SorNew/SORP-SORNA.pdf (last visited Oct. 17, 

2012). Thus, even at the time of the motion for new trial hearing, it was not yet clear whether the 

offense for which Resendez had pled no contest would be an offense eligible for early 

termination of the sex offender registration requirements. Thus, the trial judge and defense 

counsel correctly advised Resendez that there was an ongoing process and that they did not yet 

know what the result would be. Resendez’s first three issues are overruled.

In his fourth issue, Resendez argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel 

because his trial counsel did not obtain a ruling on the motion for new trial during the trial 

court’s plenary power to rule on the motion. We measure a claim of ineffective assistance of 

counsel against the two-prong test established by the Supreme Court in Strickland v. 

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). See Hernandez v. State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 55-57 (Tex. 

Crim. App. 1986). The appellant must first show that his attorney’s performance was deficient, 

i.e., that his assistance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. Thompson v. State, 9 

S.W.3d 808, 812 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). Second, assuming the appellant has demonstrated 

deficient assistance, it is necessary to affirmatively prove prejudice. Id. Further, any allegation of 

ineffectiveness must be firmly founded in the record, and the record must affirmatively 

demonstrate the alleged ineffectiveness. Id. at 813. Under normal circumstances, the record on 

direct appeal will not be sufficient to show that counsel’s representation was so deficient and so 

lacking in tactical or strategic decisionmaking as to overcome the presumption that counsel’s 
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conduct was reasonable and professional. Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d 828, 833 (Tex. Crim. App. 

2002). In the majority of cases, the record on direct appeal is simply undeveloped and cannot 

adequately reflect the failings of trial counsel. Bone, 77 S.W.3d at 833. Like the majority of 

cases, here, the record is undeveloped and does not reflect what Resendez’s trial counsel did or 

did not do to secure a hearing on the motion for new trial. Resendez’s fourth issue is overruled.

CONCLUSION

We affirm the trial court’s Order of Deferred Adjudication. 

Karen Angelini, Justice

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