I 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 6213 

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

NOVEMBER 3, 2023 

Mr. LUCAS (for himself, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. COLLINS, Ms. STEVENS, Mr. 

WILLIAMS of New York, Mr. BOWMAN, Mr. BABIN, Mr. SORENSEN, Mr. 

OBERNOLTE, Mrs. FOUSHEE, Mr. MILLER of Ohio, and Ms. ROSS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, 

Space, and Technology 

A BILL 

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and 

for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Quantum Ini5 tiative Reauthorization Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

7 Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

8 U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 


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1 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), 

2 (7), the first paragraph (8) (relating to the defini3 tion of the ‘‘Subcommittee on Economic and Secu4 rity Implications’’), and the second paragraph (8) 

5 (relating to the definition of the ‘‘Subcommittee on 

6 Quantum Information Science’’) as paragraphs (7), 

7 (9), (12), (13), (15), and (16), respectively; 

8 (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol9 lowing new paragraphs: 

10 ‘‘(4) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Fed11 eral laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in 

12 section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Inno13 vation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703). 

14 ‘‘(5) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN.—The 

15 term ‘foreign country of concern’ means— 

16 ‘‘(A) a country that is a covered nation (as 

17 such term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 

18 10, United States Code); and 

19 ‘‘(B) any country that the Secretary of 

20 Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of 

21 Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Direc22 tor of National Intelligence, determines to be 

23 engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the 

24 national security or foreign policy of the United 

25 States. 


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1 ‘‘(6) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The 

2 term ‘foreign entity of concern’ means a foreign en3 tity that is— 

4 ‘‘(A) designated as a foreign terrorist orga5 nization by the Secretary of State under section 

6 219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 

7 (8 U.S.C. 1189(a)); 

8 ‘‘(B) included on the list of specially des9 ignated nationals and blocked persons main10 tained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control 

11 of the Department of the Treasury (commonly 

12 known as the ‘SDN list’); 

13 ‘‘(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to 

14 the jurisdiction or direction of a government of 

15 a foreign country that is a covered nation (as 

16 such term is defined in section 4872 of title 10, 

17 United States Code); 

18 ‘‘(D) alleged by the Attorney General to 

19 have been involved in activities for which a con20 viction was obtained under— 

21 ‘‘(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United 

22 States Code (commonly known as the ‘Es23 pionage Act’); 

24 ‘‘(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, 

25 United States Code; 


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1 ‘‘(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United 

2 States Code (commonly known as the ‘Eco3 nomic Espionage Act of 1996’); 

4 ‘‘(iv) the Arms Export Control Act 

5 (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 

6 ‘‘(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 

7 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 

8 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 

9 2284); 

10 ‘‘(vi) the Export Control Reform Act 

11 of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or 

12 ‘‘(vii) the International Emergency 

13 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 

14 seq.); or 

15 ‘‘(E) determined by the Secretary of Com16 merce, in consultation with the Secretary of De17 fense and the Director of National Intelligence, 

18 to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is 

19 detrimental to the national security or foreign 

20 policy of the United States.’’; 

21 (3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 

22 striking ‘‘(a)’’ each place it appears; 

23 (4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so re24 designated, the following new paragraph: 


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1 ‘‘(8) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na2 tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given such term 

3 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

4 U.S.C. 15801).’’; 

5 (5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so re6 designated, the following new paragraphs: 

7 ‘‘(10) QUANTUM APPLICATIONS.—The term 

8 ‘quantum applications’ means applications that use 

9 quantum information science engineering and tech10 nology, including quantum algorithms and software, 

11 quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids, 

12 quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum 

13 encryption, or quantum communications applica14 tions. 

15 ‘‘(11) QUANTUM COMPUTING.—The term ‘quan16 tum computing’ means any of a variety of quantum 

17 computing technologies, including quantum anneal18 ing and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a 

19 variety of qubit architectures, such as super20 conducting, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, spin 

21 atoms, or spin electrons.’’; 

22 (6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesig23 nated, to read as follows: 

24 ‘‘(12) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, TECH25 NOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING.—The term ‘quantum 


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1 information science, technology, and engineering’ 

2 means the understanding, translation, use, or appli3 cation of the laws of quantum physics for the stor4 age, transmission, manipulation, computing, simula5 tion, or measurement of information.’’; and 

6 (7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so re7 designated, the following new paragraph: 

8 ‘‘(14) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ means the 

9 academic and professional disciplines of science, 

10 technology, engineering, and mathematics, including 

11 computer science.’’. 

12 SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 

13 Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

14 U.S.C. 8802) is amended— 

15 (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 

16 striking ‘‘science and its technology applications’’ 

17 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 

18 (2) in paragraph (1)— 

19 (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 

20 (A), by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ and 

21 inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech22 nology’’; 

23 (B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read 

24 as follows: 


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1 ‘‘(A) to expand the number of researchers, 

2 educators, and students with training in quan3 tum information science, engineering, and tech4 nology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline 

5 and retain international talent to the extent 

6 consistent with national security and inter7 national competitiveness;’’; 

8 (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

9 ‘‘science at the’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi10 neering, and technology at the primary, sec11 ondary,’’; 

12 (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

13 ‘‘basic’’; 

14 (E) in subparagraph (D)— 

15 (i) by striking ‘‘science and tech16 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer17 ing, and technology’’; and 

18 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi19 colon; 

20 (F) in subparagraph (E), by inserting 

21 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; and 

22 (G) by adding at the end the following new 

23 subparagraph: 

24 ‘‘(F) to support development of quantum 

25 applications, including quantum-hybrid applicaVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:32 Nov 14, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H6213.IH H6213

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1 tions, to promote innovation and commercializa2 tion.’’; 

3 (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘science and 

4 technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 

5 technology’’; 

6 (4) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science and 

7 technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 

8 technology’’; 

9 (5) in paragraph (4)— 

10 (A) by inserting ‘‘National Laboratories,’’ 

11 after ‘‘Federal laboratories,’’; and 

12 (B) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

13 (6) in paragraph (5)— 

14 (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 

15 (A)— 

16 (i) by inserting ‘‘partnerships, re17 search collaborations, and’’ after ‘‘inter18 national’’; and 

19 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech20 nology security’’ and inserting ‘‘science, 

21 engineering, and technology’’; 

22 (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

23 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

24 (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 

25 period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 


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1 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

2 subparagraph: 

3 ‘‘(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in 

4 quantum capabilities between the United States 

5 and its allies and partners to strengthen and se6 cure the domestic supply chain and related eco7 system; and’’; and 

8 (7) by adding at the end the following new 

9 paragraph: 

10 ‘‘(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short11 and long-term viability of the quantum technology 

12 industry and commercialization of domestic quantum 

13 capacity across modalities.’’. 

14 SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM. 

15 Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quan16 tum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended— 

17 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

18 (A) by striking ‘‘development’’ and insert19 ing ‘‘research development, and near- and me20 dium-term, and long-term demonstration’’; and 

21 (B) by striking ‘‘information science and 

22 technology’’; 

23 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

24 (A) by striking ‘‘fundamental’’; 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech3 nology’’; and 

4 (C) by inserting ‘‘infrastructure,’’ after 

5 ‘‘demonstration,’’; 

6 (3) in paragraph (3)— 

7 (A) by inserting ‘‘and retain’’ after ‘‘to de8 velop’’; and 

9 (B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 

10 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech11 nology’’; 

12 (4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as fol13 lows: 

14 ‘‘(4) provide for interagency planning and co15 ordination of Federal quantum information science, 

16 engineering, and technology research, development, 

17 demonstration, standards engagement, and other ac18 tivities under the Program, including activities au19 thorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. 

20 McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fis21 cal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum edu22 cational activities and programs authorized pursuant 

23 to section 10661 of the Research and Development, 

24 Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), 


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1 and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;’’; 

2 and 

3 (5) in paragraph (5)— 

4 (A) by striking ‘‘industry and universities’’ 

5 and inserting ‘‘industry, universities, and stra6 tegic allies’’; and 

7 (B) by inserting ‘‘, including human re8 sources’’ after ‘‘resources’’. 

9 SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE. 

10 Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

11 (15 U.S.C. 8812) is amended— 

12 (1) in subsection (a)(2)— 

13 (A) in subparagraph (A)— 

14 (i) by inserting ‘‘who shall be’’ before 

15 ‘‘appointed’’; and 

16 (ii) by inserting ‘‘, and who shall serve 

17 a four year term, subject to renewal’’ be18 fore the semicolon; and 

19 (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 

20 as follows: 

21 ‘‘(B) staff comprised of employees detailed 

22 from the Federal departments and agencies 

23 specified in section 103(b).’’; and 

24 (2) in subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science 

2 and technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi3 neering, and technology research and work4 force’’; and 

5 (B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 

6 follows: 

7 ‘‘(4) ensure coordination among the collabo8 rative ventures or consortia established under this 

9 Act;’’. 

10 SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION 

11 SCIENCE. 

12 Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

13 (15 U.S.C. 8813) is amended— 

14 (1) in subsection (b)— 

15 (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

16 after the semicolon; 

17 (B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as 

18 paragraph (13); and 

19 (C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the 

20 following new paragraphs: 

21 ‘‘(9) the Department of Health and Human 

22 Services; 

23 ‘‘(10) the Department of State; 

24 ‘‘(11) the Department of Homeland Security; 


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1 ‘‘(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

2 Administration; and’’; 

3 (2) in subsection (d)— 

4 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘the 

5 quantum information science and technology re6 search’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum information 

7 science, engineering, and technology research 

8 and quantum application development, dem9 onstration, and commercialization’’; 

10 (B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘, engi11 neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

12 (C) in paragraph (5), by inserting ‘‘, engi13 neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

14 (D) in paragraph (6)— 

15 (i) by striking ‘‘science and tech16 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer17 ing, and technology’’; and 

18 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi19 colon; 

20 (E) in paragraph (7)— 

21 (i) by inserting ‘‘, technology, and en22 gineering’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 

23 (ii) by striking the period and insert24 ing ‘‘; and’’; and 


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1 (F) by adding at the end the following new 

2 paragraph: 

3 ‘‘(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportu4 nities to advance quantum applications related to en5 vironment, biotechnology, space, and other sectors.’’; 

6 and 

7 (3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ‘‘, in8 cluding a description of agency roles and responsibil9 ities’’ before the period. 

10 SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COM11 MITTEE. 

12 Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

13 (15 U.S.C. 8814) is amended— 

14 (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol15 lows: 

16 ‘‘(b) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Advisory Committee 

17 shall consist of members, appointed by the President, who 

18 are— 

19 ‘‘(1) representative of industry, including end 

20 users likely to benefit from quantum technology, uni21 versities, and Federal laboratories; and 

22 ‘‘(2) qualified to provide advice and information 

23 on quantum information science, engineering, and 

24 technology research, development, demonstrations, 

25 standards, STEM education, technology transfer, 


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1 commercial application, or national security and eco2 nomic concerns.’’; 

3 (2) in subsection (d)(2)— 

4 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

5 ‘‘science and technology’’ and inserting 

6 ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 

7 (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), 

8 (E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), 

9 (G), and (H), respectively; 

10 (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 

11 the following new subparagraph: 

12 ‘‘(D) other countries’ quantum programs 

13 and the progress of such countries and such 

14 programs relative to the Program;’’; 

15 (D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesig16 nated— 

17 (i) by striking ‘‘to’’ and inserting 

18 ‘‘promote innovation, foster a robust 

19 United States quantum industry, and’’; 

20 and 

21 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech22 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer23 ing, and technology’’; and 


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1 (E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesig2 nated, by inserting ‘‘, including to address any 

3 gaps that may exist’’ before the semicolon; 

4 (F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesig5 nated, by striking ‘‘open standards for, quan6 tum information science and technology; and’’ 

7 and inserting ‘‘international standards in open 

8 and transparent standardization systems for 

9 quantum information science, engineering, and 

10 technology;’’; 

11 (G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesig12 nated— 

13 (i) by inserting ‘‘educational,’’ after 

14 ‘‘legal,’’; and 

15 (ii) by striking the period and insert16 ing ‘‘; and’’; and 

17 (H) by adding at the end the following new 

18 subparagraphs: 

19 ‘‘(I) the domestic and international co20 operation needs and goals of the Program, in21 cluding needs and goals related to infrastruc22 ture and the supply chain of quantum informa23 tion science, engineering, and technology; and 

24 ‘‘(J) the degree to which quantum infor25 mation science, engineering, and technology is 


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1 enhancing or can enhance the capabilities of the 

2 United States advanced industrial economy and 

3 protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as 

4 such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Pub5 lic Law 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).’’; 

6 (3) in subsection (e), by inserting ‘‘through De7 cember 31, 2030’’ after ‘‘thereafter’’; and 

8 (4) by amending subsection (g) to read as fol9 lows: 

10 ‘‘(g) FACA EXEMPTION.—The President shall char11 ter the Advisory Committee in accordance with chapter 10 

12 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as 

13 the ‘Federal Advisory Committee Act’), except that the 

14 Advisory Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 

15 of such title.’’. 

16 SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY 

17 IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION 

18 SCIENCE. 

19 Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

20 (15 U.S.C. 8814a) is amended— 

21 (1) in subsection (b)— 

22 (A) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

23 after the semicolon; 

24 (B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as 

25 paragraph (14); and 


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1 (C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the 

2 following new paragraphs: 

3 ‘‘(11) the Department of Health and Human 

4 Services; 

5 ‘‘(12) the Department of State; 

6 ‘‘(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad7 ministration; and’’; 

8 (2) in subsection (c)— 

9 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘infor10 mation science’’ and inserting ‘‘information 

11 science, engineering, and technology’’; 

12 (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘, or 

13 supply chains’’ after ‘‘investments’’; 

14 (C) in paragraph (5)— 

15 (i) by inserting ‘‘and engineering’’ 

16 after ‘‘quantum information science’’; and 

17 (ii) by inserting ‘‘any’’ before ‘‘export 

18 controls’’; 

19 (D) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘infor20 mation science’’ and inserting ‘‘information 

21 science, engineering, and technology’’; 

22 (E) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

23 after the semicolon; 

24 (F) in paragraph (8)— 


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1 (i) by striking ‘‘information science’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘information science, engi3 neering, and technology’’; and 

4 (ii) by striking the period and insert5 ing a semicolon; and 

6 (G) by adding at the end the following new 

7 paragraphs: 

8 ‘‘(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on 

9 Quantum Information Science, identify opportunities 

10 to increase coordination between civilian, military, 

11 and intelligence quantum research entities, reduce 

12 unnecessary duplicative quantum research activities, 

13 and facilitate collaboration between quantum re14 search agencies with specialized capabilities or ex15 pertise in one or more aspects of quantum informa16 tion science, engineering, and technology; and 

17 ‘‘(10) recommend strategies for attracting and 

18 retaining students and scholars with expertise in 

19 quantum related fields to Federal departments and 

20 agencies.’’. 

21 SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRAT22 EGY. 

23 The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 

24 inserting after section 105 the following new section: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION 

2 STRATEGY. 

3 ‘‘(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 

4 after the date of the enactment of this section, the Direc5 tor of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in con6 sultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary 

7 of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the Na8 tional Science Foundation, and the heads of other Federal 

9 agencies, as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the 

10 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 

11 the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the 

12 Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the 

13 Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 

14 Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa15 tives a strategy to— 

16 ‘‘(1) establish collaborative international part17 nerships, including co-funded international pro18 grams, to advance research and development, testing 

19 and evaluation, commercialization, and interoper20 ability in quantum information science, engineering, 

21 and technology with allies and partners of the 

22 United States, and other countries, when in the se23 curity, strategic, technological, and scientific inter24 ests of the United States; 

25 ‘‘(2) ensure continued United States participa26 tion in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance 


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1 quantum information science, engineering, and tech2 nology on the international stage; 

3 ‘‘(3) promote the integrity and impartiality of 

4 international standards organizations and processes 

5 related to quantum information science, engineering, 

6 and technology; and 

7 ‘‘(4) ensure ethical application of quantum in8 formation science, engineering, and technology to 

9 protect civil liberties and basic human rights. 

10 ‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.—The strategy under subsection 

11 shall be known as the ‘International Quantum Cooperation 

12 Strategy’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Strategy’). 

13 ‘‘(c) ELEMENTS.—In the development of the Strat14 egy, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 

15 Policy, the National Quantum Coordination Office, the 

16 Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, the Sub17 committee on the Economic and Security Implications, 

18 and the relevant agencies should consider the following: 

19 ‘‘(1) The establishment of international part20 nerships to advance research and development in 

21 quantum information science, engineering, and tech22 nology. 

23 ‘‘(2) Key partners that are allies of the United 

24 States and have demonstrated unique capabilities in 


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1 one or more areas of quantum information science, 

2 engineering, and technology. 

3 ‘‘(3) Efforts and plans to address risks of the 

4 national security and economic interest of the 

5 United States during development and deployment 

6 of quantum technologies worldwide, including plans 

7 for diplomatic engagement with allies and partners, 

8 and other countries. 

9 ‘‘(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible 

10 global development and deployment of quantum 

11 technologies, including through international engage12 ment and leadership in the development of inter13 national standards. 

14 ‘‘(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and 

15 retain international talent. 

16 ‘‘(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufac17 turers and suppliers and those of allies and partners 

18 of the United States to meet the needs of the global 

19 quantum supply chain, including raw materials such 

20 as Helium–3, plans for engagement with allies and 

21 partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options 

22 to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global 

23 quantum supply chain. 

24 ‘‘(7) A plan to safeguard research and tech25 nology supported through international cooperation, 


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1 as appropriate, in whole or in part, including in 

2 quantum technologies critical to national security, 

3 from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by for4 eign entities of concern. 

5 ‘‘(8) As necessary, a description of such legisla6 tive or administrative action needed to carry out the 

7 Strategy. 

8 ‘‘(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the 

9 date on which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall 

10 brief the committees specified in subsection (a) on the 

11 Strategy.’’. 

12 SEC. 10. SUNSET. 

13 Section 106(a) of the National Quantum Initiative 

14 Act (15 U.S.C. 8815(a)) is amended to read as follows: 

15 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 

16 (b), the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, 

17 and 104a shall terminate on December 30, 2030.’’. 

18 SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH19 NOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSOR20 TIUM. 

21 Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

22 (15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended— 

23 (1) in subsection (a)— 

24 (A) in paragraph (1)— 


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1 (i) by striking ‘‘basic and applied’’; 

2 and 

3 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech4 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer5 ing, and technology’’; 

6 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

7 (i) by inserting ‘‘attract, educate, 

8 and’’ before ‘‘train’’; and 

9 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech10 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer11 ing, and technology’’; 

12 (C) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 

13 follows: 

14 ‘‘(4) shall carry out research, development, and 

15 demonstration projects, as appropriate to facilitate 

16 the development and standardization of quantum 

17 networking, communications, computing, metrology, 

18 and sensing technologies and quantum applica19 tions;’’. 

20 (D) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), 

21 and (7) as paragraphs (7), (8), and (10), re22 spectively; 

23 (E) by inserting the following after para24 graph (4) the following new paragraphs: 


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1 ‘‘(5) shall carry out research to support the 

2 measurement of comparative performance and 

3 progress of quantum technologies, including, as 

4 practicable, technology readiness assessments of 

5 quantum technologies; 

6 ‘‘(6) shall promote United States participation 

7 in international standards organizations related to 

8 quantum information science, technology, and engi9 neering;’’; 

10 (F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, 

11 by striking ‘‘infrastructure’’ and inserting ‘‘, 

12 communications, sensing, and computing’’; and 

13 (G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated— 

14 (i) by striking ‘‘and engineering; and’’ 

15 and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and tech16 nology and expanding the domestic STEM 

17 workforce;’’; and 

18 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi19 colon; and 

20 (H) by inserting after paragraph (8) the 

21 following the following new paragraph: 

22 ‘‘(9) shall establish such infrastructure as is 

23 necessary to advance the research program described 

24 in this section; and’’; 

25 (2) in subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

2 (i) by striking ‘‘future’’ and inserting 

3 ‘‘research’’; and 

4 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech5 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer6 ing, and technology’’; 

7 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

8 (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to 

9 read as follows: 

10 ‘‘(A) to gather and assess information on 

11 the quantum industry to address the needs 

12 identified in paragraph (1);’’; 

13 (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and 

14 (C) and inserting the following new sub15 paragraphs: 

16 ‘‘(B) to provide recommendations regard17 ing how the National Institute of Standards 

18 and Technology, the Program, and other 

19 gencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in 

20 the necessary research identified in subpara21 graph (B) and accelerate real-world uses of 

22 quantum information science, engineering, and 

23 technology; 

24 ‘‘(C) to identify enabling technologies and 

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1 search and industrial competitiveness in quan2 tum information science, engineering, and tech3 nology, and communicate findings to Federal 

4 agencies and other domestic and international 

5 stakeholders; and 

6 ‘‘(D) to assess and identify key areas for 

7 establishing, expanding, or developing inter8 national partnerships that will facilitate United 

9 States quantum-related business engagement.’’; 

10 (C) in paragraph (3)— 

11 (i) by striking ‘‘Not later than 2 years 

12 after the date of enactment of this Act, 

13 the’’ and inserting ‘‘The’’; and 

14 (ii) by inserting ‘‘periodically, but not 

15 less than every five years,’’ after ‘‘shall’’; 

16 and 

17 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

18 paragraph: 

19 ‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—As appropriate, the con20 sortium is encouraged to engage with Federal agen21 cies that fund research, have a mission to transition 

22 or translate research results to practical quantum 

23 applications, or have a mission that could benefit 

24 from the development of quantum technologies to in25 form and accelerate progress in such areas.’’; and 


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1 (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 

2 following new subsections: 

3 ‘‘(c) INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM RESEARCH AND ME4 TROLOGY.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Com6 merce, in coordination with the Secretary of State 

7 and the Director of the National Science Founda8 tion, and acting through the Director of the Na9 tional Institute of Standards and Technology, shall 

10 promote, establish, and support international quan11 tum information science, engineering, and tech12 nology research, metrology research, and standard13 ization, as appropriate, to enhance international co14 operation, meet United States obligations or commit15 ments , and support United States engagement in 

16 international standards for quantum information 

17 science, engineering, and technology. 

18 ‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this section, 

19 the Director of the National Institute of Standards 

20 and Technology shall ensure alignment with the Na21 tional Quantum Information Science Strategy and 

22 the U.S. Government National Standards Strategy 

23 for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor 

24 strategies. 

25 ‘‘(3) RESTRICTIONS.— 


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1 ‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 

2 funds made available under this section may be 

3 obligated or expended to an institution of high4 er education that maintains a contract or agree5 ment between such institution and a Confucius 

6 Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti7 tute. 

8 ‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRIES OR ENTITIES

9 OF CONCERN.—None of the funds made avail10 able under this section may be obligated or ex11 pended to promote, establish, or finance quan12 tum research activities between a United States 

13 entity and a foreign country of concern or for14 eign entity of concern, except such restriction 

15 shall not apply to participation by awardees in 

16 consensus-based international standardization 

17 activities 

18 ‘‘(d) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be ap19 propriated for the National Institute of Standards and 

20 Technology pursuant to section 10211 of the Research 

21 and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Pub22 lic Law 117–167) for scientific and technical research and 

23 services laboratory activities, there is authorized to be ap24 propriated to the Director of the National Institute of 


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1 Standards and Technology to carry out this section up to 

2 $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 

3 SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH4 NOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 

5 Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is 

6 amended by adding at the end the following new section: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND 

8 TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 

9 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability 

11 of appropriations, the Director of the National Insti12 tute of Standards and Technology, in consultation 

13 with the heads of other Federal departments and 

14 agencies, as appropriate, shall establish and operate 

15 at least one, but not more than three, centers to ac16 celerate research, development, deployment, and 

17 standardization of quantum information science, en18 gineering, and technology. 

19 ‘‘(2) PROGRAM DETAILS.— 

20 ‘‘(A) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-REVIEWED

21 PROCESS.—The centers shall be established 

22 through a competitive, merit-reviewed process. 

23 ‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant 

24 described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to 

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1 ards and Technology an application at such 

2 time, in such manner, and containing such in3 formation as the Director determines to be ap4 propriate. 

5 ‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—Eligible ap6 plicants described in this subparagraph are the 

7 following: 

8 ‘‘(i) Institutions of higher education. 

9 ‘‘(ii) Nonprofit organizations. 

10 ‘‘(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations. 

11 ‘‘(iv) Any other entity the Director de12 termines appropriate. 

13 ‘‘(3) SELECTION OF TOPICS.—The Director of 

14 the National Institute of Standards and Technology 

15 shall solicit proposals in and prioritize the following 

16 topics in initial selection of centers, subject to merit17 review: 

18 ‘‘(A) Quantum sensing and measurement. 

19 ‘‘(B) Quantum engineering. 

20 ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent 

21 practicable, centers developed, constructed, operated, or 

22 maintained under this section shall serve the mission of 

23 the National Institute of Standards and Technology, for 

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1 mation science community, to create and develop processes 

2 for the following purposes— 

3 ‘‘(1) Advancing research and standardization in 

4 quantum information science, engineering, and tech5 nology. 

6 ‘‘(2) Advancing technology transfer. 

7 ‘‘(3) Improving the competitiveness of the 

8 United States. 

9 ‘‘(c) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration that re10 ceives an award under this section may include multiple 

11 types of research institutions, private sector entities, Fed12 eral laboratories, and nonprofit organizations. 

13 ‘‘(d) COORDINATION.—The Director of the National 

14 Institute of Standards and Technology shall ensure award15 ees coordinate, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 

16 activities carried out under this section with existing ac17 tivities of the Institute, other activities carried out under 

18 this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate. 

19 ‘‘(e) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

20 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The centers established 

21 under this section are authorized to carry out activi22 ties for a period of five years. 

23 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may re24 apply for an additional subsequent period of five 

25 years following a successful, merit-based review. 


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1 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au2 thorities of the National Institute of Standards and 

3 Technology, the Director of the National Institute of 

4 Standards and Technology may terminate an under5 performing center for cause during the performance 

6 period. 

7 ‘‘(f) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Insti8 tute of Standards and Technology shall allocate up to 

9 $18,000,000 for each Center supporter under this section 

10 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 

11 availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 

12 carry out this section shall be derived from amounts ap13 propriated or otherwise made available to the National In14 stitute of Standards and Technology.’’. 

15 SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM IN16 FORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDU17 CATION ACTIVITIES. 

18 Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

19 (15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended— 

20 (1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘, ENGINEER21 ING, AND TECHNOLOGY’’ after ‘‘SCIENCE’’; 

22 (2) in subsection (a)— 

23 (A) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘science and engineering’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech3 nology’’; 

4 (3) in subsection (b)— 

5 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

6 (i) in subparagraph (A)— 

7 (I) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 

8 (II) by striking ‘‘science and en9 gineering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, en10 gineering, and technology’’; and 

11 (ii) in subparagraph (B)— 

12 (I) by striking ‘‘human re13 sources’’ and inserting ‘‘education and 

14 workforce’’; and 

15 (II) by striking ‘‘science and en16 gineering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, en17 gineering, and technology’’; and 

18 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

19 (i) in subparagraph (A)— 

20 (I) in clause (i)— 

21 (aa) by striking ‘‘science and 

22 engineering’’ and inserting 

23 ‘‘science, engineering, and tech24 nology’’; 


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1 (bb) by inserting ‘‘K–12, vo2 cational,’’ before ‘‘under3 graduate’’; and 

4 (cc) by striking ‘‘and’’ after 

5 the semicolon; 

6 (II) in clause (ii), by inserting 

7 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; and 

8 (III) by adding at the end the 

9 following new clause: 

10 ‘‘(iii) to pursue basic and use inspired 

11 research at the frontiers of quantum infor12 mation science, engineering, and tech13 nology, and explore solutions to important 

14 challenges for the development, application, 

15 and commercialization of quantum tech16 nologies;’’; 

17 (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

18 ‘‘science and engineering’’ and inserting 

19 ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 

20 and 

21 (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

22 ‘‘science and engineering’’ and inserting 

23 ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 

24 (iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking 

25 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 


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1 (v) in subparagraph (E), by striking 

2 the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

3 (vi) by adding at the end the following 

4 new subparagraph: 

5 ‘‘(F) providing infrastructure to support 

6 academic quantum information science, engi7 neering, and technology, including through ex8 isting infrastructure programs and new activi9 ties.’’; 

10 (4) by amending subsection (c) to read as fol11 lows: 

12 ‘‘(c) STUDENT TRAINEESHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND

13 OTHER MODELS.— 

14 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na15 tional Science Foundation, in consultation with 

16 heads of agencies the Director considers appropriate, 

17 shall award grants to institutions of higher edu18 cation or eligible nonprofit organizations (or con19 sortia thereof) to increase capacity and broaden par20 ticipation, including through provisioning of experi21 ential opportunities, where appropriate, in quantum 

22 information science, engineering, and technology and 

23 other related disciplines. 

24 ‘‘(2) QUANTUM TRAINEESHIPS.—The Director 

25 of the National Science Foundation may establish or 


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1 use existing programs to make awards to institu2 tions of higher education or nonprofit organizations 

3 (or consortia thereof) to provide traineeships to 

4 graduate students at institutions of higher education 

5 within the United States who are citizens of the 

6 United States and who choose or plan to pursue 

7 masters or doctoral degrees in quantum information 

8 science, engineering, and technology, or related 

9 fields, and by providing students with opportunities 

10 for research experiences in government or industry 

11 related to such students’ quantum studies. 

12 ‘‘(3) QUANTUM FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLAR13 SHIPS.— 

14 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the 

15 National Science Foundation may establish or 

16 use existing programs to support fellowships 

17 and scholarships for students at institutions of 

18 higher education for the purpose of increasing 

19 quantum information science, engineering, and 

20 technology exposure for undergraduate and 

21 graduate STEM students and increasing post22 graduation employment opportunities for 

23 STEM students. 


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1 ‘‘(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Eligible partici2 pants in the fellowship and scholarship program 

3 shall— 

4 ‘‘(i) be enrolled in or have graduated 

5 from a STEM degree program at a domes6 tic institution of higher education; and 

7 ‘‘(ii) have taken at least one quantum8 science or quantum-relevant course as part 

9 of their degree programs. 

10 ‘‘(C) CONSIDERATIONS.—Eligible fellow11 ships and scholarships may include temporary 

12 quantum-related positions at State or Federal 

13 agencies, national laboratories, private sector 

14 businesses, universities, Multidisciplinary Cen15 ters for Quantum Research and Education as 

16 established in section 402, or other quantum17 relevant entities, as determined appropriate by 

18 the Director. 

19 ‘‘(D) COMPETITIVE AWARDS.—Fellowships 

20 and scholarships shall be competitively awarded 

21 through a merit-review process. The Director of 

22 the National Science Foundation may prioritize 

23 fellowships that include an industry partner 

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1 cant for direct or indirect costs as estimated by 

2 the fellowship sponsor. 

3 ‘‘(4) QUANTUM RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR

4 UNDERGRADUATES.—The Director of the National 

5 Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportuni6 ties for quantum research for undergraduate stu7 dents by encouraging proposals in quantum informa8 tion science, engineering, and technology, through 

9 the research experiences for undergraduates pursu10 ant to section 514 of the America COMPETES Re11 authorization Act of 2021 (42 U.S.C. 1862p–6). 

12 ‘‘(5) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out the ac13 tivities under this section, the Director of the Na14 tional Science Foundation shall encourage awardees 

15 to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal 

16 laboratories, industry and other private sector orga17 nizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate 

18 the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on 

19 learning experiences.’’; 

20 (5) in subsection (d)— 

21 (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 

22 ‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘QISET’’; 

23 (B) in paragraph (1)— 

24 (i) by striking ‘‘information science 

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1 section as ‘QISE’)’’ and inserting ‘‘infor2 mation science, engineering, and tech3 nology’’; and 

4 (ii) by inserting ‘‘and career and tech5 nical education entities’’ after ‘‘colleges’’; 

6 (C) in paragraph (2)— 

7 (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

8 ‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum informa9 tion science, engineering, and technology’’; 

10 (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 

11 ‘‘, engineering, and technology’’ after 

12 ‘‘science’’; 

13 (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs 

14 (E) and (F) as subparagraphs (F) and 

15 (H), respectively; 

16 (iv) by inserting after subparagraph 

17 (D) the following new subparagraph: 

18 ‘‘(E) Informal education methods to en19 hance experiences of students of all ages with 

20 quantum information science, engineering, and 

21 technology concepts and applications.’’; 

22 (v) by inserting after subparagraph 

23 (F), as so redesignated, the following new 

24 subparagraph: 


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1 ‘‘(G) Methods to introduce security and 

2 other potential societal dimensions associated 

3 with quantum information science, engineering, 

4 and technology into STEM curricula.’’; and 

5 (vi) in subparagraph (H), as so redes6 ignated— 

7 (I) by inserting ‘‘, engineering, 

8 and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 

9 (II) by inserting ‘‘of the Re10 search and Development, Competition, 

11 and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 

12 19261(d))’’ after ‘‘section 10661 of 

13 the Research and Development, Com14 petition, and Innovation Act’’; 

15 (D) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘QISE’’ 

16 and inserting ‘‘quantum information science, 

17 engineering, and technology’’; and 

18 (E) by striking paragraph (4); and 

19 (6) by adding at the end the following new sub20 sections: 

21 ‘‘(e) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON QUANTUM IN22 FORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECH23 NOLOGY.— 

24 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na25 tional Science Foundation, in coordination with the 


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1 Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, 

2 shall promote, establish, and support international 

3 quantum information science, engineering, and tech4 nology research, as appropriate, to enhance inter5 national cooperation and meet United States obliga6 tions or commitments, including as part of the terms 

7 and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum 

8 information science, engineering, and technology re9 search agreements. 

10 ‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this sub11 section, the Director of the National Science Foun12 dation shall ensure alignment with the national 

13 Quantum Information Strategy or successor strate14 gies. 

15 ‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—The Directors shall prioritize 

16 research programs with countries that have signed 

17 Quantum Cooperation Statement with the United 

18 States. 

19 ‘‘(4) RESTRICTIONS.— 

20 ‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 

21 funds made available under this section may be 

22 obligated or expended to an institution of high23 er education that maintains a contract or agree24 ment between such institution and a Confucius 


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1 Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti2 tute. 

3 ‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN AND

4 FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—None of the 

5 funds made available under this section may be 

6 obligated or expended to promote, establish, or 

7 finance quantum research activities between a 

8 United States entity and a foreign country of 

9 concern or foreign entity of concern. 

10 ‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro11 priated to the National Science Foundation pursuant to 

12 section 10303 of the Research and Development, Competi13 tion, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167) for re14 search and related activities, there is authorized to be ap15 propriated to the Director of the National Science Foun16 dation to carry out this section up to $141,000,000 for 

17 each of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 

18 SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RE19 SEARCH AND EDUCATION. 

20 Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

21 (15 U.S.C. 8842) is amended— 

22 (1) in subsection (a)— 

23 (A) by striking ‘‘in consultation with other 

24 Federal departments and agencies,’’; and 

25 (B) by striking ‘‘5’’ and inserting ‘‘10’’; 


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1 (2) in subsection (c)— 

2 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 

3 by striking ‘‘basic’’; 

4 (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘science 

5 and engineering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi6 neering, and technology’’; and 

7 (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and en8 gineering’’ and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 

9 technology and engineering, including 

10 leveraging or expanding activities established 

11 pursuant to section 301(d)’’; 

12 (3) in subsection (d)(2)— 

13 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

14 ‘‘quantum science’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum in15 formation science, engineering, and tech16 nology,’’; 

17 (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘, 

18 including how each participant will develop and 

19 implement outreach activities to increase the 

20 participation of women and other students from 

21 groups historically underrepresented in STEM’’ 

22 before the semicolon; 

23 (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking 

24 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 


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1 (D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 

2 period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

3 (E) by adding at the end the following new 

4 subparagraph: 

5 ‘‘(F) how the Center will participate in 

6 international collaborations, as appropriate, to 

7 build a trusted global research network with al8 lies and partners of the United States and 

9 other countries that share values with the 

10 United States, including respect for inter11 national norms of fair competition.’’; 

12 (4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph 

13 (2) to read as follows: 

14 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may re15 apply for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years 

16 following a successful, merit-based review.’’; and 

17 (5) in subsection (f)— 

18 (A) by striking ‘‘established’’ and inserting 

19 ‘‘supported’’; and 

20 (B) by striking ‘‘2019 through 2023’’ and 

21 inserting ‘‘2024 through 2028’’. 


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1 SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORK2 FORCE (QREW) COORDINATION HUB. 

3 Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

4 U.S.C. 8841 et seq.) is amended by addind at the end 

5 the following new sections: 

6 ‘‘SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORK7 FORCE (QREW) COORDINATION HUB. 

8 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

9 Science Foundation, in consultation with the Director of 

10 the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 

11 Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other relevant Fed12 eral departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall make 

13 an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher 

14 education or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish 

15 a Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordi16 nation Hub (in this section referred to as the ‘Hub’). 

17 ‘‘(b) CONSORTIUM.—The Consortium established 

18 pursuant to subsection (a) shall include not fewer than 

19 four institutions of higher education, including not fewer 

20 than two community colleges, and may include career and 

21 technical schools, nonprofit organizations, and private sec22 tor entities. 

23 ‘‘(c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Hub shall be 

24 to— 

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1 tion science, engineering, and technology, and the 

2 quantum industry, by serving as a national and re3 gional clearinghouse; and 

4 ‘‘(2) facilitate the establishment of programs to 

5 disseminate to institutions of higher education and 

6 career and technical education entities model cur7 ricula, best practices, and instructional materials. 

8 ‘‘(d) ACTIVITIES.—The activities of the Hub may in9 clude the following: 

10 ‘‘(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, dissemi11 nating, and standardizing materials, methods, best 

12 practices, and other outputs developed through ac13 tivities under this Act. 

14 ‘‘(2) Increasing the integration of quantum in15 formation science, engineering, and technology con16 tent into STEM curricula at all education levels, in17 cluding career and technical education programs. 

18 ‘‘(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree 

19 students to provide feedback on quantum informa20 tion science, engineering, and technology curricula. 

21 ‘‘(4) Facilitating post-education employment 

22 opportunities and workforce pathways for STEM de23 gree recipients in quantum-related industries, includ24 ing by facilitating opportunities for internships, 

25 externships, fellowships, and other such activities as 


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1 determined by the Director, including through the 

2 establishment and maintenance of a publicly acces3 sible online portal. 

4 ‘‘(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and 

5 nonprofit entities to inform and enhance the quality 

6 and availability of quantum education in STEM de7 gree programs, including through the promotion of 

8 post-graduation opportunities for STEM students 

9 outside the classroom to increase exposure to quan10 tum industries. 

11 ‘‘(6) Supporting activities and programs to en12 hance the recruitment of students from groups his13 torically underrepresented in STEM to pursue un14 dergraduate and graduate studies in quantum infor15 mation science, engineering, and technology. 

16 ‘‘(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and co17 ordinating career development programs and strate18 gies for pre-university and university educators for 

19 the purpose of increasing the number of quantum20 informed educators at all levels of education, includ21 ing by carrying out the following: 

22 ‘‘(A) Hosting career development work23 shops. 


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1 ‘‘(B) Developing in-house and distance 

2 learning career development tools for public 

3 use. 

4 ‘‘(C) Facilitating access to related quan5 tum technology, tools, and resources. 

6 ‘‘(D) Developing training, research, and 

7 professional development programs, including 

8 innovative pre-service and in-service programs. 

9 ‘‘(E) Facilitating relationships with State 

10 and local entities to increase awareness of and 

11 promote quantum-related career development 

12 activities at the Hub. 

13 ‘‘(8) Establishing a framework for performing 

14 ongoing regular data collection and analysis for the 

15 quantum workforce to report on trends, and perform 

16 other activities that expand the understanding of the 

17 current and future needs of the quantum industry, 

18 and education capacity or readiness of the pipeline. 

19 Such activities shall complement or align with, as 

20 relevant, authorized quantum and STEM workforce 

21 studies under section 10661(d) of the Research and 

22 Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 

23 U.S.C. 19261(d)). 

24 ‘‘(9) Facilitating public education and outreach 

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1 ness of quantum information science, engineering, 

2 and technology to a boarder community to satisfy 

3 broader impact requirements of award applications. 

4 ‘‘(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum 

5 education in the broader STEM community. 

6 ‘‘(e) QREW QUANTUM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.— 

7 Subject to the restrictions outlined in subsection (c)(2) of 

8 section 401, the Hub may establish and administer a pro9 gram to support education or policy fellowships for stu10 dents at entities participating in the consortium under 

11 subsection (a) or at other research centers established pur12 suant to this Act at the National Science Foundation, the 

13 National Institute of Standards and Technology, the De14 partment of Energy, or the National Aeronautics and 

15 Space Administration, for the purpose of supporting the 

16 activities described in subsection (d)(4). 

17 ‘‘(f) INDUSTRY COORDINATION.—The Hub shall col18 laborate with the Quantum Economic Development Con19 sortium established in section 301 or other industry con20 sortia to identify, publish, facilitate, or enable quantum21 related education and workforce development opportuni22 ties as described in subsections (c) and (d). 

23 ‘‘(g) APPLICATION.—A consortium seeking funding 

24 under this section shall submit to the Director of the Na25 tional Science Foundation an application at such time, in 


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1 such manner, and containing such information as the Di2 rector may require. Each application shall include a de3 scription of how the consortium shall carry out the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and 

6 fulfill the purposes of the Hub. 

7 ‘‘(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling 

8 the purposes of the Hub. 

9 ‘‘(3) Collaborate with other members to share 

10 expertise in integrating quantum information 

11 science, engineering, and technology into existing 

12 STEM programs and other relevant fields and dis13 ciplines. 

14 ‘‘(4) Support long-term and short-term work15 force development in the quantum field. 

16 ‘‘(5) Develop and implement outreach activities 

17 to increase the participation of women and other 

18 students from groups historically underrepresented 

19 in STEM. 

20 ‘‘(h) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Hub established under 

22 this section is authorized to carry out activities for 

23 a period of 5 years. 


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1 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may re2 apply for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years 

3 following a successful, merit-based review. 

4 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au5 thorities of the National Science Foundation, the Di6 rector of the National Science Foundation may ter7 minate the Hub if it is underperforming during the 

8 performance period. 

9 ‘‘(i) COORDINATION.—The Hub shall coordinate with 

10 other research centers established under this Act at the 

11 National Science Foundation, the National Institute of 

12 Standards and Technology, the Department of Energy, 

13 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 

14 and other relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on 

15 activities and resources. 

16 ‘‘(j) FUNDING.— 

17 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na18 tional Science Foundation shall allocate up to 

19 $10,000,000 for the Hub for each of fiscal years 

20 2024–2028, subject to the availability of appropria21 tions. 

22 ‘‘(2) SOURCE.—Amounts made available to 

23 carry out this section shall be derived from amounts 

24 appropriated or otherwise made available to the Na25 tional Science Foundation. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS. 

2 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

3 Science Foundation, in coordination with the Director of 

4 the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 

5 Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Federal agen6 cies, as determined appropriate by the Director of the Na7 tional Science Foundation, shall make awards on a com8 petitive, merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher edu9 cation, nonprofit organizations, or consortia thereof, to es10 tablish and operate testbeds for quantum applications re11 search and development. 

12 ‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The quantum testbeds established 

13 under subsection (a) shall focus on advancing research 

14 and development for near-term and medium-term quan15 tum application use cases by providing accessible research 

16 resources to academia and industry for developing and 

17 testing such use cases, including through proof-of-concept 

18 testing, demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping. 

19 ‘‘(c) APPLICATION. PROPOSALS.—An applicant for an 

20 award under this section shall submit to the Director a 

21 proposal at such time, in such manner, and containing 

22 such information as the Director may reasonably require. 

23 The proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following: 

24 ‘‘(1) How the applicant will assemble a work25 force, including from populations that are historiVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:32 Nov 14, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H6213.IH H6213

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1 cally underrepresented in STEM, with the skills 

2 needed to operate a quantum testbed. 

3 ‘‘(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access 

4 to a quantum testbed, including for start-ups and 

5 small businesses. 

6 ‘‘(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after 

7 Federal funding has ended. 

8 ‘‘(d) ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director 

9 of the National Science Foundation shall be responsible 

10 for the following: 

11 ‘‘(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes 

12 from each quantum testbed established under this 

13 section. 

14 ‘‘(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to 

15 enable opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes 

16 to be appropriately taken up by such agencies in 

17 alignment with the missions of such agencies. 

18 ‘‘(3) Not later than one year after the date of 

19 the enactment of this section and every two years 

20 thereafter until December 31, 2030, briefing the ap21 propriate committees of Congress on the success of 

22 such quantum testbeds and providing recommenda23 tions for improving such quantum testbeds. 

24 ‘‘(e) COORDINATION.—In establishing quantum 

25 testbeds under this section, the Director of the National 


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1 Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other 

2 testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal 

3 quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the 

4 National Science Foundation, including those authorized 

5 pursuant to section 10390 of the Research and Develop6 ment, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117– 

7 167; 42 U.S.C. 10990), or by other Federal agencies as 

8 determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplica9 tion and maximize use of Federal resources. 

10 ‘‘(f) STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION.—In carrying 

11 out this section, the Director of the National Science 

12 Foundation shall collaborate with the Quantum Economic 

13 Development Consortium established pursuant to section 

14 301 to accomplish the purposes of the quantum testbeds 

15 program described in paragraph (b) and ensure there is 

16 strong collaboration with industry stakeholders. The Di17 rector may also engage with National Laboratories, feder18 ally funded research and development centers, industry, 

19 and other members of the United States quantum eco20 system. 

21 ‘‘(g) GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY.—The Director shall 

22 ensure regional and geographic diversity in issuing awards 

23 under this section. 

24 ‘‘(h) FUNDING.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na2 tional Science Foundation shall allocate up to 

3 $50,000,000 for the establishment and operation of 

4 quantum testbeds under this section for each fiscal 

5 years 2024 through 2028, subject to the availability 

6 of appropriations. 

7 ‘‘(2) SOURCE.—Amounts made available to 

8 carry out this section shall be derived from amounts 

9 appropriated or otherwise made available to the Na10 tional Science Foundation.’’. 

11 SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMA12 TION SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

13 Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

14 (15 U.S.C. 8851) is amended— 

15 (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as fol16 lows: 

17 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 

18 carry out a research, development, and demonstration pro19 gram on quantum information science, engineering, and 

20 technology.’’; 

21 (2) in subsection (b)— 

22 (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, engi23 neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 


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1 (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), 

2 and (5) as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respec3 tively; 

4 (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 

5 following new paragraphs: 

6 ‘‘(3) operate National Quantum Information 

7 Science Research Centers to accelerate and scale up 

8 scientific and technical breakthroughs in quantum 

9 information science, engineering, and technology, 

10 and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for 

11 quantum researchers and industry partners, in ac12 cordance with section 202; 

13 ‘‘(4) conduct cooperative research with indus14 try, National Laboratories, institutions of higher 

15 education, and other research institutions to facili16 tate the development and demonstration of quantum 

17 information science, engineering, and technology, in18 cluding in the fields of— 

19 ‘‘(A) quantum information theory; 

20 ‘‘(B) quantum physics; 

21 ‘‘(C) quantum computational science, in22 cluding hardware and software, including artifi23 cial intelligence, machine learning and data 

24 science; 


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1 ‘‘(D) applied mathematics and algorithm 

2 development; 

3 ‘‘(E) quantum communications and net4 working, including hardware and software for 

5 quantum communications and networking; 

6 ‘‘(F) quantum sensing and detection; 

7 ‘‘(G) materials science and engineering; 

8 ‘‘(H) quantum modeling and simulation, 

9 including molecular modeling; 

10 ‘‘(I) near- and long-term application devel11 opment in a range of areas as determined by 

12 the Secretary, such as materials discovery, cy13 bersecurity, energy storage and electric grid 

14 management. financial modeling, energy stor15 age, traffic optimization, and improved weather 

16 climate forecasting; 

17 ‘‘(J) quantum chemistry; 

18 ‘‘(K) quantum biology; 

19 ‘‘(L) superconductive and high-perform20 ance microelectronics; and 

21 ‘‘(M) quantum security technologies;’’; 

22 (D) by amending paragraph (5), as so re23 designated, to read as follows: 

24 ‘‘(5) provide research experiences and training 

25 for additional undergraduate and graduate students 


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1 in quantum information science, engineering, and 

2 technology, including in the fields specified in para3 graph (4);’’; 

4 (E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated— 

5 (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 

6 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

7 (ii) by redesignating subparagraph 

8 (F) as subparagraph (J); and 

9 (iii) by inserting after subparagraph 

10 (E) the following new subparagraphs: 

11 ‘‘(F) the Office of Electricity; 

12 ‘‘(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy 

13 Security, and Emergency Response; 

14 ‘‘(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Car15 bon Management; 

16 ‘‘(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; 

17 and’’; 

18 (F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, 

19 by striking the period and inserting ‘‘and other 

20 relevant efforts as defined by the Secretary of 

21 Energy; and’’; and 

22 (G) by adding at the end the following new 

23 paragraph: 

24 ‘‘(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge 

25 and data, including experience and resources from 


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1 existing Federal research activities and commercially 

2 available quantum computing hardware and software 

3 to the extent practicable.’’; and 

4 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

5 ‘‘(c) QUANTUM HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

6 STRATEGIC PLAN.—Not later than one year after the date 

7 of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary of En8 ergy shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10- 

9 year strategic plan to guide Federal programs in design10 ing, expanding, commercializing, and procuring hybrid, 

11 high performance computing systems featuring the ability 

12 to integrate a diverse set of resources, including artificial 

13 intelligence, and machine learning accelerated by quantum 

14 supercomputers to enable the Department of Energy’s 

15 computing facilities to continuously advance computing re16 sources. Such strategic plan shall include the following: 

17 ‘‘(1) A conceptual plan to leverage capabilities 

18 and infrastructure from the exascale computing pro19 gram, as the Secretary of Energy determines nec20 essary. 

21 ‘‘(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the ad22 vanced scientific computing workforce. 

23 ‘‘(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum 

24 computing modalities. 


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1 ‘‘(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of com2 mercially available quantum hardware and software 

3 to complement on-premises high performance com4 puting systems and resources consistent with section 

5 404 of the CHIPS and Science Act. 

6 ‘‘(d) INDUSTRY OUTREACH.—In carrying out the 

7 program under subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy 

8 shall support the quantum technology industry and pro9 mote commercialization of applications of quantum tech10 nology relevant to the Department’s activities by carrying 

11 out the following: 

12 ‘‘(1) Educating— 

13 ‘‘(A) the energy industry on near term and 

14 commercially available quantum technologies; 

15 and 

16 ‘‘(B) the quantum industry on potential 

17 energy applications. 

18 ‘‘(2) Accelerating the advancements of the 

19 United States quantum computing, communications, 

20 and networking, sensing and security capabilities to 

21 protect and optimize the energy sector. 

22 ‘‘(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply 

23 chains, manufacturing capabilities, and associated 

24 simulations or modeling capabilities. 


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1 ‘‘(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum 

2 technologies from the Department of Energy na3 tional labs and engaging with the Quantum Eco4 nomic Development Consortium and other organiza5 tions, as applicable, to transition component tech6 nologies to help facilitate, as appropriate, the devel7 opment of a quantum supply chain. 

8 ‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be ap9 propriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of 

10 Science in section 10102(a)(4) of the Research and Devel11 opment, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 

12 117–167), there is authorized to be appropriated to the 

13 Secretary to carry out the activities under this section up 

14 to $130,000,000 for each fiscal years 2024 through 

15 2027.’’. 

16 SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY 

17 PROGRAM. 

18 Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

19 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 

20 401 the following new section: 

21 ‘‘SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRU22 MENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM. 

23 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 

24 establish an instrumentation and infrastructure program 

25 to carry out the following: 


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1 ‘‘(1) Maintain United States leadership in 

2 quantum information science, engineering, and tech3 nology. 

4 ‘‘(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains. 

5 ‘‘(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific 

6 community. 

7 ‘‘(4) Support activities carried out under sec8 tions 401, 403, and 404. 

9 ‘‘(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 

10 program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy 

11 shall develop, design, build, purchase, and commercialize 

12 specialized equipment, laboratory infrastructure, and 

13 state-of-the-art instrumentation to advance quantum engi14 neering research and the development of quantum compo15 nent technologies at a scale sufficient to meet the needs 

16 of the scientific community and enable commercialization 

17 of quantum technology. 

18 ‘‘(c) QUANTUM FOUNDRIES.—In carrying out the 

19 program under subsection (a), and in coordination part20 nership with institutions of higher education and industry, 

21 the Secretary of Energy shall support the development of 

22 quantum foundries focused on meeting the device, hard23 ware, software, and materials needs of the scientific com24 munity and the quantum supply chain. 


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1 ‘‘(d) FUNDING.—The Secretary of Energy shall allo2 cate up to $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 

3 through 2028 to carry out this section, subject to the 

4 availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 

5 carry out this section shall be derived from amounts ap6 propriated or otherwise made available to the Department 

7 of Energy’s Office of Science.’’. 

8 SEC. 18. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RE9 SEARCH CENTERS. 

10 Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

11 (15 U.S.C. 8852) is amended— 

12 (1) in subsection (a)— 

13 (A) in the heading, by striking ‘‘ESTAB14 LISHMENT’’ and inserting ‘‘REAUTHORIZA15 TION’’; 

16 (B) in paragraph (1)— 

17 (i) by striking ‘‘establish’’ and insert18 ing ‘‘maintain’’; 

19 (ii) by striking ‘‘basic’’; 

20 (iii) by striking ‘‘science and tech21 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer22 ing, and technology, expand capacity for 

23 the domestic quantum workforce,’’; and 

24 (iv) by striking ‘‘section 401’’ and in25 serting ‘‘sections 401, 403, and 404’’; and 


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1 (C) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting ‘‘that 

2 may include one or more commercial entities,’’ 

3 after ‘‘collaborations,’’; 

4 (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘, and should 

5 be inclusive of the variety of viable quantum tech6 nologies, where appropriate’’ before the period; 

7 (3) in subsection (c), by inserting ‘‘, engineer8 ing, and technology, accelerating quantum workforce 

9 development,’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

10 (4) in subsection (d)(1)— 

11 (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

12 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

13 (B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 

14 subparagraph (E); and 

15 (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 

16 the following new subparagraph: 

17 ‘‘(D) the Office of Technology Transitions; 

18 and’’; 

19 (5) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph 

20 (2) to read as follows: 

21 ‘‘(2) RENEWAL.—Each Center established 

22 under this section may be renewed for an additional 

23 period of 5 years following a successful, merit-based 

24 review and approval by the Director.’’; and 

25 (6) in subsection (f)— 


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1 (A) by striking ‘‘$25,000,000’’ and insert2 ing ‘‘$35,000,000’’; and 

3 (B) by striking ‘‘2019 through 2023’’ and 

4 inserting ‘‘2024 through 2028’’. 

5 SEC. 19. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK IN6 FRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP7 MENT PROGRAM. 

8 Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

9 (15 U.S.C. 8853) is amended— 

10 (1) in subsection (a)— 

11 (A) in paragraph (4)— 

12 (i) by inserting ‘‘, including’’ after 

13 ‘‘networking’’; and 

14 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi15 colon; 

16 (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe17 riod and inserting a semicolon; and 

18 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

19 paragraphs: 

20 ‘‘(6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of 

21 modalities and commercially available quantum 

22 hardware and software; and 

23 ‘‘(7) develop education and training pathways 

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1 ments, aligned with existing programmatic invest2 ments by the Department of Energy.’’; and 

3 (2) in subsection (b)— 

4 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

5 (i) by redesignating subparagraphs 

6 (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and 

7 (E), respectively; and 

8 (ii) by inserting after subparagraph 

9 (B) the following new subparagraph: 

10 ‘‘(C) the Administrator of the National 

11 Aeronautics and Space Administration;’’; 

12 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

13 (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 

14 ‘‘ground-to-space and’’ after ‘‘channels,’’; 

15 (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 

16 ‘‘photon-based’’ and inserting ‘‘all applica17 ble modalities of’’; 

18 (iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting 

19 ‘‘, quantum sensors,’’ after ‘‘quantum re20 peaters’’; 

21 (iv) in subparagraph (G)— 

22 (I) by inserting ‘‘data centers,’’ 

23 after ‘‘repeaters,’’; and 

24 (II) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the 

25 semicolon; 


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1 (v) in subparagraph (H)— 

2 (I) by striking ‘‘the quantum 

3 technology stack’’ and inserting 

4 ‘‘quantum technology modality 

5 stacks’’; and 

6 (II) by striking ‘‘National Lab7 oratories in’’ and inserting ‘‘National 

8 Laboratories such as’’; and 

9 (vi) by adding at the end the following 

10 new subparagraph: 

11 ‘‘(I) development of quantum network and 

12 entanglement distribution protocols or applica13 tions, including development of network stack 

14 protocols and protocols enabling integration 

15 with existing technologies or infrastructure; and 

16 ‘‘(J) development of high efficiency room17 temperature photon detectors for quantum 

18 photonic applications, including quantum net19 working and communications;’’; 

20 (C) in paragraph (4)— 

21 (i) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 

22 (ii) by striking ‘‘material’’ and insert23 ing ‘‘materials’’; and 

24 (D) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘funda25 mental’’; and 


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1 (3) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘basic re2 search’’ and inserting ‘‘research, development, and 

3 demonstration’’. 

4 SEC. 20. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPAN5 SION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRO6 GRAM. 

7 Section 404 of the of the National Quantum Initia8 tive Act (15 U.S.C. 8854) is amended— 

9 (1) in subsection (a)— 

10 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 

11 by striking ‘‘and quantum computing clouds’’ 

12 and inserting ‘‘, software, and cloud-based 

13 quantum’’; 

14 (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

15 after the semicolon; 

16 (C) in paragraph (4), by striking the pe17 riod and inserting a semicolon; and 

18 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

19 paragraphs: 

20 ‘‘(5) to enable development of software and ap21 plications, including estimation of resources needed 

22 to scale applications; and 

23 ‘‘(6) to develop near-term quantum applications 

24 to solve public and private sector problems.’’; 

25 (2) in subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

2 after the semicolon; 

3 (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe4 riod and inserting a semicolon; and 

5 (C) by at the end the following new para6 graphs: 

7 ‘‘(6) enables users to develop algorithms, soft8 ware tools, simulators, and applications for quantum 

9 systems using cloud-based quantum computers; and 

10 ‘‘(7) partner with appropriate public and pri11 vate sector entities to develop training and education 

12 opportunities on prototype and early-state devices.’’; 

13 (3) in subsection (c)— 

14 (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), 

15 (6), (7), and (8) and paragraphs (5), (6), (7), 

16 (8), and (9), respectively; and 

17 (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the 

18 following new paragraph: 

19 ‘‘(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad20 ministration;’’; and 

21 (4) in subsection (e)— 

22 (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

23 after the semicolon; 

24 (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe25 riod and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 


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1 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

2 paragraph: 

3 ‘‘(6) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.’’. 

4 SEC. 21. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS5 TRATION QUANTUM ACTIVITIES. 

6 The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 

7 adding at the end the following new title: 

8 ‘‘TITLE V—NATIONAL AERO9 NAUTICS AND SPACE ADMIN10 ISTRATION QUANTUM ACTIVI11 TIES 

12 ‘‘SEC. 501. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEER13 ING, AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOR 

14 SPACE AND AERONAUTICS. 

15 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Na16 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration is authorized 

17 to carry out basic and applied research on quantum infor18 mation science, engineering, and technology. 

19 ‘‘(b) COOPERATION.—In carrying out subsection (a), 

20 the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 

21 Administration— 

22 ‘‘(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements 

23 with the Department of Energy and other Federal 

24 Government agencies, as practicable, on areas of 

25 shared benefit; and 


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1 ‘‘(2) may enter into memoranda of under2 standing or memoranda of agreement to establish 

3 such cooperative arrangements. 

4 ‘‘(c) STRATEGY.—Not later than 180 days after the 

5 date of the enactment of this title, the Administrator of 

6 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall 

7 submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a strat8 egy for National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

9 basic and applied research on quantum information 

10 science, engineering, and technology. The strategy shall 

11 identify resources required to support implementation of 

12 the strategy, including budgets, workforce, and infrastruc13 ture, describe cooperative efforts with other Federal Gov14 ernment agencies, and address areas of research and ap15 plications, including the following: 

16 ‘‘(1) Quantum sensing. 

17 ‘‘(2) Quantum networking. 

18 ‘‘(3) Quantum communications, including quan19 tum satellite communications. 

20 ‘‘(4) Quantum computing. 

21 ‘‘(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-re22 lated applications. 

23 ‘‘(6) Any other area on quantum information, 

24 science, engineering, and technology the Adminis25 trator determines necessary. 


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1 ‘‘(d) CONSULTATION.—In developing the strategy de2 scribed in subsection (c), the Administrator may seek 

3 input from relevant external stakeholders, including insti4 tutions of higher education, industry, and nonprofit re5 search organizations. 

6 ‘‘SEC. 502. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS7 TRATION QUANTUM INSTITUTE. 

8 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap9 propriations, the Administrator of the National Aero10 nautics and Space Administration, in consultation with 

11 the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as 

12 appropriate, may establish and operate an institute fo13 cused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum 

14 information science, engineering, and technology. 

15 ‘‘(b) INSTITUTE DETAILS.— 

16 ‘‘(1) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-REVIEWED PROC17 ESS.—The institute under this section shall be es18 tablished through a competitive, merit-reviewed proc19 ess. 

20 ‘‘(2) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant 

21 under this section shall submit to the Administrator 

22 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra23 tion an application at such time, in such manner, 

24 and containing such information as the Adminis25 trator determines to be appropriate. 


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1 ‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—The Adminis2 trator of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad3 ministration shall consider applications from institu4 tions of higher education, research centers, multi-in5 stitutional collaborations, and any other entity that 

6 the Administrator determines to be appropriate. 

7 ‘‘(4) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration that 

8 receives an award under this section may include 

9 multiple types of research institutions, private sector 

10 entities, and nonprofit organizations. 

11 ‘‘(5) COORDINATION.—The Administrator of 

12 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

13 shall ensure an awardee under this section coordi14 nates with, and avoids unnecessary duplication of, 

15 the activities carried out under this section with ex16 isting activities of the National Aeronautics and 

17 Space Administration, other activities carried out 

18 under this Act, and other related programs, as ap19 propriate. 

20 ‘‘(6) COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY.—The insti21 tute under this section may leverage commercially22 available hardware and software to carry out the ac23 tivities described in subsection (c). 

24 ‘‘(c) INSTITUTE ACTIVITIES.—The institute under 

25 this section may carry out activities that— 


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1 ‘‘(1) support basic and applied research focused 

2 on developing space and aeronautics applications for 

3 quantum information science, engineering, and tech4 nology, including as related to the results of the 

5 strategy under section 501(c); and 

6 ‘‘(2) support quantum information science, en7 gineering, and technology education and public out8 reach. 

9 ‘‘(d) INSTITUTE REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum 

10 extent practicable, the institute under this section shall 

11 serve the needs of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad12 ministration, for the benefit of the broader United States 

13 quantum information science community, to create and 

14 develop processes for the purpose of advancing space and 

15 aeronautics applications in quantum information science, 

16 engineering, and technology, and improving the competi17 tiveness of the United States. 

18 ‘‘(e) INSTITUTE SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability 

20 of appropriations, the institute under this section 

21 may carry out activities for a period of 5 years. 

22 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—Subject to the avail23 ability of appropriations, an awardee may reapply 

24 for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years fol25 lowing a successful, merit-based review. 


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1 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au2 thorities of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad3 ministration, the Administrator of the National Aer4 onautics and Space Administration may terminate 

5 the institute for cause during the performance pe6 riod. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 503. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

8 ‘‘The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 

9 Space Administration shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for 

10 each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028 to carry out this 

11 title, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts 

12 made available to carry out this title shall be derived from 

13 amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the 

14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.’’. 

15 SEC. 22. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS. 

16 The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National 

17 Quantum Initiative Act is amended as follows: 

18 (1) By inserting after the item relating to sec19 tion 105 the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.’’. 

20 (2) By inserting after the item relating to sec21 tion 201 the following new items: 

‘‘Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum Centers.’’ 

22 (3) By inserting after the item relating to sec23 tion 302 the following new items: 


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‘‘Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) Coordination Hub. 

‘‘Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.’’ 

1 (4) By inserting after the item relating to sec2 tion 401 the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 401A. Department of Energy Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry 

Program.’’. 

3 (5) By adding at the end the following new 

4 items: 

‘‘TITLE V—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE 

ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM ACTIVITIES 

‘‘Sec. 501. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology research 

for space and aeronautics. 

‘‘Sec. 502. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum institute. 

‘‘Sec. 503. Authorization of appropriations.’’. 

Æ 


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