IB 

Union Calendar No. 510 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 6213 

[Report No. 118–612] 

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

NOVEMBER 3, 2023 

Mr. LUCAS (for himself, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. COLLINS, Ms. STEVENS, Mr. 

WILLIAMS of New York, Mr. BOWMAN, Mr. BABIN, Mr. SORENSEN, Mr. 

OBERNOLTE, Mrs. FOUSHEE, Mr. MILLER of Ohio, and Ms. ROSS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, 

Space, and Technology 

JULY 25, 2024 

Additional sponsors: Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. CASTEN, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. 

MULLIN, Mr. MIKE GARCIA of California, Ms. SALINAS, Ms. TENNEY, 

Mr. JACKSON of North Carolina, Mr. KEAN of New Jersey, Ms. 

BONAMICI, Mr. WITTMAN, Mr. FEENSTRA, Ms. LEE of Pennsylvania, Ms. 

CARAVEO, Mrs. SYKES, Mr. MORELLE, Mr. NEGUSE, Ms. NORTON, Mr. 

THANEDAR, Mr. THOMPSON of Pennsylvania, Ms. DELBENE, and Mr. 

ALLRED

JULY 25, 2024 

Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 

House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on November 3, 2023] 


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A BILL 

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and 

for other purposes. 


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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Quantum Ini5 tiative Reauthorization Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

7 Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

8 U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 

9 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), 

10 (7), the first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition 

11 of the ‘‘Subcommittee on Economic and Security Im12 plications’’), and the second paragraph (8) (relating 

13 to the definition of the ‘‘Subcommittee on Quantum 

14 Information Science’’) as paragraphs (7), (9), (12), 

15 (13), (15), and (16), respectively; 

16 (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol17 lowing new paragraphs: 

18 ‘‘(4) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Federal 

19 laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in sec20 tion 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 

21 Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703). 

22 ‘‘(5) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN.—The term 

23 ‘foreign country of concern’ means— 


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1 ‘‘(A) a country that is a covered nation (as 

2 such term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 

3 10, United States Code); and 

4 ‘‘(B) any country that the Secretary of 

5 Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of 

6 Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Director 

7 of National Intelligence, determines to be en8 gaged in conduct that is detrimental to the na9 tional security or foreign policy of the United 

10 States. 

11 ‘‘(6) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term 

12 ‘foreign entity of concern’ means a foreign entity that 

13 is— 

14 ‘‘(A) designated as a foreign terrorist orga15 nization by the Secretary of State under section 

16 219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 

17 (8 U.S.C. 1189(a)); 

18 ‘‘(B) included on the list of specially des19 ignated nationals and blocked persons main20 tained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 

21 the Department of the Treasury (commonly 

22 known as the ‘SDN list’); 

23 ‘‘(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to 

24 the jurisdiction or direction of a government of 

25 a foreign country that is a covered nation (as 


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1 such term is defined in section 4872 of title 10, 

2 United States Code); 

3 ‘‘(D) alleged by the Attorney General to 

4 have been involved in activities for which a con5 viction was obtained under— 

6 ‘‘(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United 

7 States Code (commonly known as the ‘Espi8 onage Act’); 

9 ‘‘(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, 

10 United States Code; 

11 ‘‘(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United 

12 States Code (commonly known as the ‘Eco13 nomic Espionage Act of 1996’); 

14 ‘‘(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 

15 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 

16 ‘‘(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 

17 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 

18 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 2284); 

19 ‘‘(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 

20 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or 

21 ‘‘(vii) the International Emergency 

22 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 

23 seq.); or 

24 ‘‘(E) determined by the Secretary of Com25 merce, in consultation with the Secretary of DeVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:01 Jul 25, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H6213.RH H6213

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1 fense and the Director of National Intelligence, 

2 to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is 

3 detrimental to the national security or foreign 

4 policy of the United States.’’; 

5 (3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 

6 striking ‘‘(a)’’ each place it appears; 

7 (4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redes8 ignated, the following new paragraph: 

9 ‘‘(8) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na10 tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given such term 

11 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

12 U.S.C. 15801).’’; 

13 (5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redes14 ignated, the following new paragraphs: 

15 ‘‘(10) QUANTUM APPLICATIONS.—The term 

16 ‘quantum applications’ means applications that use 

17 quantum information science engineering and tech18 nology, including quantum algorithms and software, 

19 quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids, 

20 quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum 

21 encryption, or quantum communications applica22 tions. 

23 ‘‘(11) QUANTUM COMPUTING.—The term ‘quan24 tum computing’ means any of a variety of quantum 

25 computing technologies, including quantum annealing 


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1 and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a vari2 ety of qubit architectures, such as superconducting, 

3 ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, spin atoms, or 

4 spin electrons.’’; 

5 (6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesig6 nated, to read as follows: 

7 ‘‘(12) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, TECH8 NOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING.—The term ‘quantum in9 formation science, technology, and engineering’ means 

10 the understanding, translation, use, or application of 

11 the laws of quantum physics for the storage, trans12 mission, manipulation, computing, simulation, or 

13 measurement of information.’’; and 

14 (7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so re15 designated, the following new paragraph: 

16 ‘‘(14) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ means the aca17 demic and professional disciplines of science, tech18 nology, engineering, and mathematics, including com19 puter science.’’. 

20 SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 

21 Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

22 U.S.C. 8802) is amended— 

23 (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 

24 striking ‘‘science and its technology applications’’ and 

25 inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 


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1 (2) in paragraph (1)— 

2 (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 

3 (A), by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ and in4 serting ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 

5 (B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read 

6 as follows: 

7 ‘‘(A) to expand the number of researchers, 

8 educators, and students with training in quan9 tum information science, engineering, and tech10 nology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline 

11 and retain international talent to the extent con12 sistent with national security and international 

13 competitiveness;’’; 

14 (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

15 ‘‘science at the’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer16 ing, and technology at the primary, secondary,’’; 

17 (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

18 ‘‘basic’’; 

19 (E) in subparagraph (D)— 

20 (i) by striking ‘‘science and tech21 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

22 and technology’’; and 

23 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi24 colon; and 


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1 (F) by adding at the end the following new 

2 subparagraphs: 

3 ‘‘(F) to support development of quantum 

4 applications, including quantum-hybrid applica5 tions, to promote innovation and commercializa6 tion; and 

7 ‘‘(G) to support technologies, including arti8 ficial intelligence, that could benefit from or ben9 efit the development of quantum technology and 

10 promote research, development, demonstration, 

11 and application of such technologies in quantum 

12 information science, engineering, and tech13 nology.’’; 

14 (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘science and 

15 technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 

16 technology’’; 

17 (4) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science and 

18 technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 

19 technology’’; 

20 (5) in paragraph (4)— 

21 (A) by inserting ‘‘National Laboratories,’’ 

22 after ‘‘Federal laboratories,’’; and 

23 (B) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

24 (6) in paragraph (5)— 


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1 (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 

2 (A)— 

3 (i) by inserting ‘‘partnerships, research 

4 collaborations, and’’ after ‘‘international’’; 

5 and 

6 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and technology 

7 security’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer8 ing, and technology’’; 

9 (B) in subparagraph (A)— 

10 (i) by inserting ‘‘, social benefit,’’ after 

11 ‘‘innovation’’; and 

12 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi13 colon; 

14 (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 

15 period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

16 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

17 subparagraph: 

18 ‘‘(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in 

19 quantum capabilities between the United States 

20 and its allies and partners to strengthen and se21 cure the domestic supply chain and related eco22 system; and’’; and 

23 (7) by adding at the end the following new para24 graph: 


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1 ‘‘(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short2 and long-term viability of the quantum technology in3 dustry, including small and medium-sized businesses 

4 and startups representing a diversity of quantum spe5 cialties, and commercialization of domestic quantum 

6 capacity across modalities.’’. 

7 SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM. 

8 Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum 

9 Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended— 

10 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

11 (A) by striking ‘‘development’’ and insert12 ing ‘‘research development, and near- and me13 dium-term, and long-term demonstration’’; 

14 (B) by striking ‘‘information science and 

15 technology’’; and 

16 (C) by inserting ‘‘in diverse sectors’’ after 

17 ‘‘applications’’; 

18 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

19 (A) by striking ‘‘fundamental’’; 

20 (B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 

21 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech22 nology’’; and 

23 (C) by inserting ‘‘infrastructure,’’ after 

24 ‘‘demonstration,’’; 

25 (3) in paragraph (3)— 


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1 (A) by inserting ‘‘and retain’’ after ‘‘to de2 velop’’; and 

3 (B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 

4 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech5 nology’’; 

6 (4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as fol7 lows: 

8 ‘‘(4) provide for interagency planning and co9 ordination of Federal quantum information science, 

10 engineering, and technology research, development, 

11 demonstration, standards engagement, and other ac12 tivities under the Program, including activities au13 thorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. 

14 McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fis15 cal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum edu16 cational activities and programs authorized pursuant 

17 to section 10661 of the Research and Development, 

18 Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), 

19 and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;’’; 

20 and 

21 (5) in paragraph (5)— 

22 (A) by striking ‘‘industry and universities’’ 

23 and inserting ‘‘industry, universities, and stra24 tegic allies’’; and 


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1 (B) by inserting ‘‘, including human re2 sources’’ after ‘‘resources’’. 

3 SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE. 

4 Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

5 (15 U.S.C. 8812) is amended— 

6 (1) in subsection (a)(2)— 

7 (A) in subparagraph (A)— 

8 (i) by inserting ‘‘who shall be’’ before 

9 ‘‘appointed’’; and 

10 (ii) by inserting ‘‘, and who shall serve 

11 a four year term, subject to renewal’’ before 

12 the semicolon; and 

13 (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 

14 as follows: 

15 ‘‘(B) staff comprised of employees detailed 

16 from the Federal departments and agencies spec17 ified in section 103(b).’’; and 

18 (2) in subsection (b)— 

19 (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science 

20 and technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi21 neering, and technology research and workforce’’; 

22 (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

23 after the semicolon; 

24 (C) in paragraph (7), by striking the period 

25 at the end and inserting ‘‘;’’; 


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1 (D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 

2 follows: 

3 ‘‘(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative 

4 ventures or consortia established under this Act;’’; 

5 (E) in paragraph (7), by inserting ‘‘non6 profit research organizations,’’ after ‘‘univer7 sities,’’; and 

8 (F) by adding after paragraph (7), the fol9 lowing new paragraphs: 

10 ‘‘(8) promote understanding and adoption of 

11 quantum capabilities throughout the United States 

12 economy as appropriate; and 

13 ‘‘(9) track and promote policies that will ensure 

14 stability of the United States quantum workforce, 

15 quantum supply chain, domestic quantum industry, 

16 and international trade.’’. 

17 SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION 

18 SCIENCE. 

19 Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

20 (15 U.S.C. 8813) is amended— 

21 (1) in subsection (b)— 

22 (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

23 after the semicolon; 

24 (B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as 

25 paragraph (14); and 


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1 (C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the fol2 lowing new paragraphs: 

3 ‘‘(9) the Department of Health and Human 

4 Services; 

5 ‘‘(10) the Department of State; 

6 ‘‘(11) the Department of Homeland Security; 

7 ‘‘(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad8 ministration; 

9 ‘‘(13) the Department of Education; and’’; 

10 (2) in subsection (d)— 

11 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘the 

12 quantum information science and technology re13 search’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum information 

14 science, engineering, and technology research and 

15 quantum application development, demonstra16 tion, and commercialization’’; 

17 (B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘, engi18 neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

19 (C) in paragraph (5), 

20 (i) by inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 

21 technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 

22 (ii) by inserting ‘‘and conduct com23 parative benchmarking of Federal invest24 ments and research strategies relative to 


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1 those of our strategic partners and other 

2 countries’’ after ‘‘development efforts’’; 

3 (D) in paragraph (6)— 

4 (i) by striking ‘‘science and tech5 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

6 and technology’’; and 

7 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi8 colon; 

9 (E) in paragraph (7)— 

10 (i) by inserting ‘‘, engineering and 

11 technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 

12 (ii) by striking the period and insert13 ing ‘‘; and’’; and 

14 (F) by adding at the end the following new 

15 paragraph: 

16 ‘‘(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportu17 nities to advance quantum applications related to en18 vironment, advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, 

19 space, and other sectors.’’; 

20 (3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ‘‘, in21 cluding a description of agency roles and responsibil22 ities’’ before the period; and 

23 (4) by adding at the end the following new sub24 section: 

25 ‘‘(i) QUANTUM USE CASES.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Subcommittee shall 

2 identify potential use cases with respect to which 

3 quantum computing could advance the missions of 

4 participating agencies, including through on-prem5 ises, cloud-based, hybrid, or networked approaches. 

6 ‘‘(2) QUANTUM ON-RAMP.—For each potential 

7 use case identified pursuant to paragraph (1), the rel8 evant Federal agency, in consultation with the Sub9 committee, may develop a plan to enable such agency 

10 to address each such potential use case. 

11 ‘‘(3) REPORTING.—The Subcommittee, as part of 

12 the annual report on the budget for the Program 

13 under subsection (g) shall report progress in carrying 

14 out the activities under this section, including infor15 mation relating to the following: 

16 ‘‘(A) The potential use cases identified pur17 suant to paragraph (1). 

18 ‘‘(B) The status of plans developed pursuant 

19 to paragraph (2). 

20 ‘‘(C) Any obstacles to addressing such po21 tential use cases, including lack of funding.’’. 

22 SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COM23 MITTEE. 

24 Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

25 (15 U.S.C. 8814) is amended— 


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1 (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol2 lows: 

3 ‘‘(b) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Advisory Committee shall 

4 consist of members, appointed by the President, who are— 

5 ‘‘(1) representative of industry, including end 

6 users likely to benefit from quantum technology and 

7 small and medium-sized businesses and startups rep8 resenting a diversity of quantum specialties. univer9 sities, and Federal laboratories; and 

10 ‘‘(2) qualified to provide advice and information 

11 on quantum information science, engineering, and 

12 technology research, development, demonstrations, 

13 standards, STEM education, technology transfer, 

14 commercial application, or national security and eco15 nomic concerns.’’; 

16 (2) in subsection (d)(2)— 

17 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

18 ‘‘science and technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, 

19 engineering, and technology’’; 

20 (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), 

21 (E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), 

22 (G), and (H), respectively; 

23 (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 

24 following new subparagraph: 


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1 ‘‘(D) other countries’ quantum programs 

2 and the progress of such countries and such pro3 grams relative to the Program;’’; 

4 (D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesig5 nated— 

6 (i) by striking ‘‘to’’ and inserting 

7 ‘‘promote innovation, foster a robust United 

8 States quantum industry, and’’; and 

9 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech10 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

11 and technology’’; and 

12 (E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesig13 nated, by inserting ‘‘, including to address any 

14 gaps that may exist’’ before the semicolon; 

15 (F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesig16 nated, by striking ‘‘open standards for, quantum 

17 information science and technology; and’’ and 

18 inserting ‘‘international standards in open and 

19 transparent standardization systems for quan20 tum information science, engineering, and tech21 nology;’’; 

22 (G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesig23 nated— 

24 (i) by inserting ‘‘educational, environ25 mental, health,’’ after ‘‘legal,’’; and 


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1 (ii) by striking the period and insert2 ing ‘‘;’’; and 

3 (H) by adding at the end the following new 

4 subparagraphs: 

5 ‘‘(I) the domestic and international co6 operation needs and goals of the Program, in7 cluding needs and goals related to infrastructure 

8 and the supply chain of quantum information 

9 science, engineering, and technology; and 

10 ‘‘(J) the degree to which quantum informa11 tion science, engineering, and technology is en12 hancing or can enhance the capabilities of the 

13 United States advanced industrial economy and 

14 protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as 

15 such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public 

16 Law 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).’’; 

17 (3) in subsection (e)— 

18 (A) by inserting ‘‘through December 31, 

19 2030’’ after ‘‘thereafter’’; and 

20 (B) by adding at the end the following new 

21 sentence: ‘‘In the first such report required after 

22 the date of the enactment of this sentence, the 

23 Advisory Committee shall assess the advisability 

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1 tories, institutions of higher education, and other 

2 entities conducting quantum information science, 

3 engineering, and technology research are con4 nected via quantum communication networks ca5 pable of rapidly and securely transmitting large 

6 quantities of information.’’; and 

7 (4) by amending subsection (g) to read as fol8 lows: 

9 ‘‘(g) FACA EXEMPTION.—The President shall charter 

10 the Advisory Committee in accordance with chapter 10 of 

11 title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the 

12 ‘Federal Advisory Committee Act’), except that the Advisory 

13 Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 of such title.’’. 

14 SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY 

15 IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION 

16 SCIENCE. 

17 Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

18 (15 U.S.C. 8814a) is amended— 

19 (1) in subsection (b)— 

20 (A) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

21 after the semicolon; 

22 (B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as 

23 paragraph (14); and 

24 (C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the 

25 following new paragraphs: 


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1 ‘‘(11) the Department of Health and Human 

2 Services; 

3 ‘‘(12) the Department of State; 

4 ‘‘(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad5 ministration; and’’; 

6 (2) in subsection (c)— 

7 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘informa8 tion science’’ and inserting ‘‘information science, 

9 engineering, and technology’’; 

10 (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘or to 

11 supply chains’’ before the semicolon; 

12 (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘or sup13 ply chains’’ before the semicolon; 

14 (D) in paragraph (5)— 

15 (i) by inserting ‘‘and engineering’’ 

16 after ‘‘quantum information science’’; and 

17 (ii) by inserting ‘‘any’’ before ‘‘export 

18 controls’’; 

19 (E) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘informa20 tion science’’ and inserting ‘‘information science, 

21 engineering, and technology’’; 

22 (F) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

23 after the semicolon; 

24 (G) in paragraph (8)— 


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1 (i) by inserting ‘‘nonprofit research or2 ganizations,’’ after ‘‘universities,’’; and 

3 (ii) by striking the period and insert4 ing a semicolon; and 

5 (H) by adding at the end the following new 

6 paragraphs: 

7 ‘‘(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on 

8 Quantum Information Science, identify opportunities 

9 to increase coordination between civilian, military, 

10 and intelligence quantum research entities, reduce un11 necessary duplicative quantum research activities, 

12 and facilitate collaboration between quantum research 

13 agencies with specialized capabilities or expertise in 

14 one or more aspects of quantum information science, 

15 engineering, and technology; and 

16 ‘‘(10) recommend strategies for attracting and 

17 retaining students and scholars with expertise in 

18 quantum related fields to Federal departments and 

19 agencies.’’. 

20 SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRAT21 EGY. 

22 The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 

23 inserting after section 105 the following new section: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION 

2 STRATEGY. 

3 ‘‘(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 

4 after the date of the enactment of this section, the Director 

5 of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consulta6 tion with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of State, 

7 the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National 

8 Science Foundation, and the heads of other Federal agen9 cies, as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the Com10 mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the 

11 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Com12 mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Com13 mittee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Com14 mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 

15 a strategy to— 

16 ‘‘(1) establish collaborative international part17 nerships, including co-funded international programs, 

18 to advance research and development, testing and 

19 evaluation, commercialization, and interoperability 

20 in quantum information science, engineering, and 

21 technology with allies and partners of the United 

22 States, and other countries, when in the security, 

23 strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the 

24 United States; 

25 ‘‘(2) ensure continued United States participa26 tion in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance 


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1 quantum information science, engineering, and tech2 nology on the international stage; 

3 ‘‘(3) promote the integrity and impartiality of 

4 international standards organizations and processes 

5 related to quantum information science, engineering, 

6 and technology; and 

7 ‘‘(4) ensure ethical application of quantum in8 formation science, engineering, and technology to pro9 tect civil liberties and basic human rights. 

10 ‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.—The strategy under subsection 

11 shall be known as the ‘International Quantum Cooperation 

12 Strategy’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Strategy’). 

13 ‘‘(c) ELEMENTS.—In the development of the Strategy, 

14 the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, 

15 the National Quantum Coordination Office, the Sub16 committee on Quantum Information Science, the Sub17 committee on the Economic and Security Implications, and 

18 the relevant agencies should consider the following: 

19 ‘‘(1) The establishment of international partner20 ships to advance research and development in quan21 tum information science, engineering, and technology. 

22 ‘‘(2) Key partners that are allies of the United 

23 States and have demonstrated unique capabilities in 

24 one or more areas of quantum information science, 

25 engineering, and technology. 


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1 ‘‘(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the na2 tional security and economic interests of the United 

3 States during development and deployment of quan4 tum technologies worldwide, including plans for dip5 lomatic engagement with allies and partners, and 

6 other countries. 

7 ‘‘(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible 

8 global development and deployment of quantum tech9 nologies, including through international engagement 

10 and leadership in the development of international 

11 standards. 

12 ‘‘(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and 

13 retain international talent. 

14 ‘‘(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufac15 turers and suppliers and those of allies and partners 

16 of the United States to meet the needs of the global 

17 quantum supply chain, including raw materials such 

18 as Helium–3, plans for engagement with allies and 

19 partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options 

20 to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global 

21 quantum supply chain. 

22 ‘‘(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology 

23 supported through international cooperation, as ap24 propriate, in whole or in part, including in quantum 

25 technologies critical to national security, from malign 


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1 influence, theft, or exfiltration by foreign entities of 

2 concern. 

3 ‘‘(8) As necessary, a description of such legisla4 tive or administrative action needed to carry out the 

5 Strategy. 

6 ‘‘(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the date 

7 on which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief 

8 the committees specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.’’. 

9 SEC. 10. SUNSET. 

10 Section 106(a) of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

11 (15 U.S.C. 8815(a)) is amended to read as follows: 

12 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 

13 (b), the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, 

14 and 105 shall terminate on December 30, 2030.’’. 

15 SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH16 NOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSOR17 TIUM. 

18 Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

19 (15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended— 

20 (1) in subsection (a)— 

21 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

22 (i) by striking ‘‘basic and applied’’; 

23 and 


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1 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech2 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

3 and technology’’; 

4 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

5 (i) by inserting ‘‘attract, educate, and’’ 

6 before ‘‘train’’; and 

7 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech8 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

9 and technology’’; 

10 (C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as 

11 follows: 

12 ‘‘(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the de13 velopment and standardization of quantum cryptog14 raphy, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is 

15 defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cy16 bersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; 

17 Public Law 117–260)), and practices to replace cryp18 tographic keys or algorithms with minimal disrup19 tion to current applications and systems;’’. 

20 (D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 

21 follows: 

22 ‘‘(4) shall carry out research, development, and 

23 demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate 

24 the development and standardization of quantum net25 working, communications, computing, metrology, 


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1 sensing technologies and quantum applications, in2 cluding quantum supporting technologies, such as ar3 tificial intelligence;’’. 

4 (E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), 

5 and (7) as paragraphs (8), (9), and (11), respec6 tively; 

7 (F) by inserting the following after para8 graph (4) the following new paragraphs: 

9 ‘‘(5) shall carry out research to support the 

10 measurement of comparative performance and 

11 progress of quantum technologies, including, as prac12 ticable, technology readiness assessments of quantum 

13 technologies; 

14 ‘‘(6) shall promote United States participation 

15 in international standards organizations related to 

16 quantum information science, engineering, and tech17 nology; 

18 ‘‘(7) shall establish or expand partnerships with 

19 the public sector and private sector to— 

20 ‘‘(A) accelerate the development of domestic 

21 quantum supply chain and supply chain-sup22 porting technologies; and 

23 ‘‘(B) reduce quantum supply chain 

24 vulnerabilities;’’; 


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1 (G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by 

2 striking ‘‘infrastructure’’ and inserting ‘‘, com3 munications, sensing, and computing’’; 

4 (H) in paragraph (9), as so redesignated— 

5 (i) by inserting ‘‘non-profit research 

6 organizations,’’ after ‘‘universities,’’; and 

7 (ii) by striking ‘‘and engineering; and’’ 

8 and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and tech9 nology and expanding the domestic STEM 

10 workforce;’’; and 

11 (I) by inserting after paragraph (9) the fol12 lowing the following new paragraph: 

13 ‘‘(10) shall establish such infrastructure as is 

14 necessary to carry out title II; and’’; 

15 (2) in subsection (b)— 

16 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

17 (i) by striking ‘‘future’’ and inserting 

18 ‘‘research’’; and 

19 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech20 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

21 and technology’’; 

22 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

23 (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to 

24 read as follows: 


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1 ‘‘(A) to gather and assess information on 

2 the quantum industry to address the needs iden3 tified in paragraph (1);’’; 

4 (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and 

5 (C) and inserting the following new sub6 paragraphs: 

7 ‘‘(B) to provide recommendations regarding 

8 how the National Institute of Standards and 

9 Technology, the Program, and other Federal 

10 agencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in 

11 the research necessary to meet the needs identi12 fied in paragraph (1) and accelerate real-world 

13 uses of quantum information science, engineer14 ing, and technology; 

15 ‘‘(C) to identify enabling technologies and 

16 the relevant supply chain essential to foster re17 search and industrial competitiveness in quan18 tum information science, engineering, and tech19 nology, and communicate findings to Federal 

20 agencies and other domestic and international 

21 stakeholders; 

22 ‘‘(D) to assess and identify key areas for es23 tablishing, expanding, or developing inter24 national partnerships that will facilitate United 


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1 States quantum-related business engagement; 

2 and 

3 ‘‘(E) to provide recommendations on how 

4 the National Institute of Standards and Tech5 nology, the Program, and other Federal agencies, 

6 as appropriate, can incorporate small and me7 dium-sized businesses and startups into Federal 

8 quantum activities and promote the success of 

9 small and medium-sized startups.’’; 

10 (C) in paragraph (3)— 

11 (i) by striking ‘‘Not later than 2 years 

12 after the date of enactment of this Act, the’’ 

13 and inserting ‘‘The’’; and 

14 (ii) by inserting ‘‘periodically, but not 

15 less than every five years,’’ after ‘‘shall’’; 

16 and 

17 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

18 paragraph: 

19 ‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—As appropriate, the con20 sortium is encouraged to engage with Federal agencies 

21 that fund research, have a mission to transition or 

22 translate research results to practical quantum appli23 cations, or have a mission that could benefit from the 

24 development of quantum technologies, to inform and 

25 accelerate progress in such areas.’’; and 


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1 (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 

2 following new subsections: 

3 ‘‘(c) INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM RESEARCH AND ME4 TROLOGY.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

6 Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordina7 tion with the Secretary of State and the Director of 

8 the National Science Foundation, shall promote, es9 tablish, and support international quantum informa10 tion science, engineering, and technology research, 

11 metrology research, and standardization, as appro12 priate, to enhance international cooperation, meet 

13 United States commitments, and support United 

14 States engagement in international standards for 

15 quantum information science, engineering, and tech16 nology. 

17 ‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this section, 

18 the Director of the National Institute of Standards 

19 and Technology shall ensure alignment with the Na20 tional Quantum Information Science Strategy and 

21 the U.S. Government National Standards Strategy for 

22 Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor strat23 egies. 

24 ‘‘(3) RESTRICTIONS.— 


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1 ‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 

2 funds made available under this section may be 

3 obligated or expended to an institution of higher 

4 education that maintains a contract or agree5 ment between such institution and a Confucius 

6 Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti7 tute. 

8 ‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRIES OR ENTITIES OF

9 CONCERN.—None of the funds made available 

10 under this section may be obligated or expended 

11 to promote, establish, or finance quantum re12 search activities between a United States entity 

13 and a foreign country of concern or foreign enti14 ty of concern, except such restriction shall not 

15 apply to participation by awardees in consensus16 based international standardization activities. 

17 ‘‘(d) POST QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY DEPLOYMENT.— 

18 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

19 Institute of Standards and Technology, in consulta20 tion with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 

21 heads of Sector Risk Management Agencies (as such 

22 term is defined in section 2200 of the Homeland Se23 curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650)), and private sector 

24 entities, as appropriate, shall promote the voluntary 

25 development, adoption, and deployment of standards 


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1 relating to post-quantum cryptography (as such term 

2 is defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing 

3 Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; 

4 Public Law 117–260)), including by— 

5 ‘‘(A) disseminating and making publicly 

6 available guidance and resources to help organi7 zations adopt and deploy standards relating to 

8 post-quantum cryptography and minimize dis9 ruptions to current applications and systems 

10 caused by cryptographic updates; 

11 ‘‘(B) providing technical assistance, as 

12 practicable, to entities that are at high risk of 

13 quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, such as entities 

14 determined to be critical infrastructure (as such 

15 term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 

16 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))) or digital infra17 structure providers; and 

18 ‘‘(C) conducting such other activities as de19 termined necessary by the Director to promote 

20 the development, adoption, and deployment 

21 across the United States of standards relating to 

22 post-quantum cryptography. 

23 ‘‘(2) GRANT PROGRAM.— 

24 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the avail25 ability of appropriations and after the date on 


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1 which the Director of National Institute of 

2 Standards and Technology has issued standards 

3 relating to post-quantum cryptography, the Di4 rector may establish a program to identify and 

5 provide technical assistance through the award of 

6 grants to entities that are at high risk of quan7 tum cryptoanalytic attacks, including by grant8 ing funds for the adoption of such standards and 

9 the remediation of quantum-related 

10 vulnerabilities. 

11 ‘‘(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Grants awarded to 

12 entities under this paragraph may be used to 

13 cover reasonable costs, up to a specified amount 

14 established by the Director of the National Insti15 tute of Standards and Technology, for activities 

16 to adopt standards relating to post-quantum 

17 cryptographic and remediate quantum-related 

18 vulnerabilities. 

19 ‘‘(C) GUIDANCE.—The Director of the Na20 tional Institute of Standards and Technology 

21 may develop, and periodically update, guidance, 

22 including relating to eligibility, application dis23 closure requirements, grant amount and dura24 tion, and any additional requirements regarding 

25 the award of grants under this paragraph. 


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1 ‘‘(D) CONSULTATION.—If the program de2 scribed in this paragraph is established, the Di3 rector of the National Institute of Standards and 

4 Technology shall consult with the Director of the 

5 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agen6 cy of the Department of Homeland Security, the 

7 heads of other Sector Risk Management Agencies, 

8 and appropriate representatives of private sector 

9 entities, including nonprofit organizations, to 

10 share information regarding the grant program 

11 under this paragraph and guidance developed 

12 and updated under subparagraph (C). 

13 ‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro14 priated for the National Institute of Standards and Tech15 nology pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and Devel16 opment, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 

17 117–167) for scientific and technical research and services 

18 laboratory activities, there is authorized to be appropriated 

19 to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 

20 Technology to carry out this section up to $85,000,000 for 

21 each of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 

22 SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH23 NOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 

24 Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is 

25 amended by adding at the end the following new sections: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND 

2 TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 

3 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

4 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 

5 appropriations, the Director of the National Institute 

6 of Standards and Technology, in consultation with 

7 the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, 

8 as appropriate, shall carry out a program to establish 

9 and operate at least one, but not more than three, 

10 centers to accelerate research, development, deploy11 ment, and standardization of quantum information 

12 science, engineering, and technology. 

13 ‘‘(2) PROGRAM DETAILS.— 

14 ‘‘(A) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-REVIEWED PROC15 ESS.—The centers shall be established through a 

16 competitive, merit-reviewed process. 

17 ‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant 

18 described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to 

19 the Director of the National Institute of Stand20 ards and Technology an application at such 

21 time, in such manner, and containing such in22 formation as the Director determines to be ap23 propriate. 

24 ‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—Eligible ap25 plicants described in this subparagraph are the 

26 following: 


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1 ‘‘(i) Institutions of higher education. 

2 ‘‘(ii) Nonprofit organizations. 

3 ‘‘(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations, 

4 including multiple types of research institu5 tions, private sector entities, Federal labora6 tories, and nonprofit organizations, or a 

7 consortia thereof. 

8 ‘‘(iv) Any other entity the Director de9 termines appropriate. 

10 ‘‘(3) SELECTION OF TOPICS.—The Director of the 

11 National Institute of Standards and Technology shall 

12 solicit proposals and prioritize the following topics in 

13 the initial selection of centers, subject to merit-review: 

14 ‘‘(A) Quantum sensing and measurement. 

15 ‘‘(B) Quantum engineering. 

16 ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent prac17 ticable, centers developed, constructed, operated, or main18 tained under this section shall serve the mission of the Na19 tional Institute of Standards and Technology, for the benefit 

20 of the broader United States quantum information science 

21 community, to develop processes for the following pur22 poses— 

23 ‘‘(1) Advancing research and standardization in 

24 quantum information science, engineering, and tech25 nology. 


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1 ‘‘(2) Advancing technology transfer. 

2 ‘‘(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United 

3 States. 

4 ‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—The Director of the National In5 stitute of Standards and Technology shall ensure coordina6 tion, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities 

7 carried out under this section with existing activities of the 

8 Institute, other activities carried out under this Act, and 

9 other related programs, as appropriate. 

10 ‘‘(d) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

11 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The centers established under 

12 this section are authorized to carry out activities for 

13 a period of five years. 

14 ‘‘(2) RENEWAL.—Each center established under 

15 this section may be renewed for an additional period 

16 of five years following a successful merit-based review 

17 by the Director. 

18 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au19 thorities of the National Institute of Standards and 

20 Technology, the Director of the National Institute of 

21 Standards and Technology may terminate an under22 performing center for cause during the performance 

23 period. 

24 ‘‘(e) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Institute 

25 of Standards and Technology shall allocate up to 


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1 $18,000,000 for each center established under this section 

2 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 

3 availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 

4 carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appro5 priated or otherwise made available to the National Insti6 tute of Standards and Technology. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY. 

8 ‘‘The activities authorized under title II shall be ap9 plied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of 

10 the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova11 tion Act (enacted as division B of Public Law 117–167; 

12 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).’’. 

13 SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM IN14 FORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDU15 CATION ACTIVITIES. 

16 Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

17 (15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended— 

18 (1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘, ENGINEER19 ING, AND TECHNOLOGY’’ after ‘‘SCIENCE’’; 

20 (2) in subsection (a)— 

21 (A) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 

22 (B) by striking ‘‘science and engineering’’ 

23 and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech24 nology’’; 

25 (3) in subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

2 (i) in subparagraph (A)— 

3 (I) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 

4 (II) by striking ‘‘science and engi5 neering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi6 neering, and technology’’; and 

7 (ii) in subparagraph (B)— 

8 (I) by striking ‘‘human resources’’ 

9 and inserting ‘‘education and work10 force’’; and 

11 (II) by striking ‘‘science and engi12 neering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi13 neering, and technology’’; and 

14 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

15 (i) in subparagraph (A)— 

16 (I) in clause (i)— 

17 (aa) by striking ‘‘science and 

18 engineering’’ and inserting 

19 ‘‘science, engineering, and tech20 nology’’; 

21 (bb) by inserting ‘‘K–12, vo22 cational,’’ before ‘‘undergraduate’’; 

23 and 

24 (cc) by striking ‘‘and’’ after 

25 the semicolon; 


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1 (II) in clause (ii), by inserting 

2 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; and 

3 (III) by adding at the end the fol4 lowing new clause: 

5 ‘‘(iii) to pursue research at the fron6 tiers of quantum information science, engi7 neering, and technology, and explore solu8 tions to important challenges for the devel9 opment, application, and commercialization 

10 of quantum technologies;’’; 

11 (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

12 ‘‘science and engineering’’ and inserting 

13 ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; and 

14 (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

15 ‘‘science and engineering’’ and inserting 

16 ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 

17 (iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking 

18 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

19 (v) in subparagraph (E), by striking 

20 the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

21 (vi) by adding at the end the following 

22 new subparagraph: 

23 ‘‘(F) providing infrastructure to support 

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1 ing infrastructure programs and new activi2 ties.’’; 

3 (4) by amending subsection (c) to read as fol4 lows: 

5 ‘‘(c) STUDENT TRAINEESHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND

6 OTHER MODELS.— 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

8 Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of 

9 Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, 

10 shall award grants to institutions of higher education 

11 or eligible nonprofit organizations (or consortia there12 of) to increase capacity and broaden participation, 

13 including through provisioning of experiential oppor14 tunities, where appropriate, in quantum information 

15 science, engineering, and technology and other related 

16 disciplines. 

17 ‘‘(2) QUANTUM TRAINEESHIPS.—The Director of 

18 the National Science Foundation may establish or use 

19 existing programs to make awards to institutions of 

20 higher education or nonprofit organizations (or con21 sortia thereof) to provide traineeships to graduate stu22 dents at institutions of higher education within the 

23 United States who are citizens of the United States 

24 and who choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral 

25 degrees in quantum information science, engineering, 


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1 and technology, or related fields, and by providing 

2 students with opportunities for research experiences 

3 in government or industry related to such students’ 

4 quantum studies. 

5 ‘‘(3) QUANTUM FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLAR6 SHIPS.— 

7 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na8 tional Science Foundation may establish or use 

9 existing programs to support fellowships and 

10 scholarships for students at institutions of higher 

11 education for the purpose of increasing quantum 

12 information science, engineering, and technology 

13 exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM 

14 students and increasing post-graduation employ15 ment opportunities for STEM students. 

16 ‘‘(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Eligible partici17 pants in the fellowship and scholarship program 

18 shall— 

19 ‘‘(i) be enrolled in or have graduated 

20 from a STEM degree program at a domestic 

21 institution of higher education; and 

22 ‘‘(ii) have taken at least one quantum23 science or quantum-relevant course as part 

24 of their degree programs. 


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1 ‘‘(C) CONSIDERATIONS.—Eligible fellow2 ships and scholarships may include temporary 

3 quantum-related positions at State or Federal 

4 agencies, national laboratories, private sector en5 tities, institutions of higher education, the Quan6 tum Centers and Institute established in sections 

7 202, 302, 402, and 502, or other quantum-rel8 evant entities, as determined appropriate by the 

9 Director. 

10 ‘‘(D) COMPETITIVE AWARDS.—Fellowships 

11 and scholarships shall be competitively awarded 

12 through a merit-review process. The Director of 

13 the National Science Foundation may prioritize 

14 fellowships that include an industry partner that 

15 provides financial assistance to the applicant for 

16 direct or indirect costs. 

17 ‘‘(4) QUANTUM RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR

18 UNDERGRADUATES.—The Director of the National 

19 Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportuni20 ties for quantum research for undergraduate students 

21 by encouraging proposals in quantum information 

22 science, engineering, and technology, through the re23 search experiences for undergraduates pursuant to 

24 section 514 of the America COMPETES Reauthoriza25 tion Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p–6). 


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1 ‘‘(5) CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAMS.— 

2 The Director of the National Science Foundation may 

3 establish or use existing programs to support coopera4 tive education programs between institutions of high5 er education and employers that increase opportuni6 ties for undergraduate students to acquire experiential 

7 learning and professional experiences in quantum in8 formation sciences, engineering, and technology. 

9 ‘‘(6) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out the ac10 tivities under this subsection, the Director of the Na11 tional Science Foundation shall encourage awardees 

12 to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal 

13 laboratories, industry and other private sector organi14 zations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the 

15 expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learn16 ing experiences.’’; 

17 (5) in subsection (d)— 

18 (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 

19 ‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘QISET’’; 

20 (B) in paragraph (1)— 

21 (i) by striking ‘‘information science 

22 and engineering (referred to in this sub23 section as ‘QISE’)’’ and inserting ‘‘informa24 tion science, engineering, and technology 


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1 (referred to in this subsection as QISET)’’; 

2 and 

3 (ii) by inserting ‘‘and career and tech4 nical education entities’’ after ‘‘colleges’’; 

5 (C) in paragraph (2)— 

6 (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

7 ‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum informa8 tion science, engineering, and technology’’; 

9 (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 

10 ‘‘, engineering, and technology’’ after 

11 ‘‘science’’; 

12 (iii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 

13 ‘‘, including those relevant to emerging tech14 nologies, such as artificial intelligence, 

15 microelectronics, and nano technology’’ after 

16 ‘‘fields’’. 

17 (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs 

18 (E) and (F) as subparagraphs (F) and (H), 

19 respectively; 

20 (v) by inserting after subparagraph 

21 (D) the following new subparagraph: 

22 ‘‘(E) Informal education methods to en23 hance experiences of students of all ages with 

24 quantum information science, engineering, and 

25 technology concepts and applications.’’; 


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1 (vi) by inserting after subparagraph 

2 (F), as so redesignated, the following new 

3 subparagraph: 

4 ‘‘(G) Methods to introduce security and 

5 other potential societal dimensions associated 

6 with quantum information science, engineering, 

7 and technology into STEM curricula.’’; and 

8 (vii) in subparagraph (H), as so redes9 ignated, by inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 

10 technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

11 (D) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘QISE’’ 

12 and inserting ‘‘quantum information science, en13 gineering, and technology’’; and 

14 (E) by striking paragraph (4); and 

15 (6) by adding at the end the following new sub16 sections: 

17 ‘‘(e) QUANTUM RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR TEACH18 ERS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation 

19 shall seek to increase opportunities to engage educators, 

20 principals, or other school leaders of K-12 students in pro21 fessional learning opportunities to enhance quantum infor22 mation science, engineering, and technology knowledge, in23 cluding by— 

24 ‘‘(1) providing hands-on training and research 

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1 tories, institutions of higher education, or in indus2 try; and 

3 ‘‘(2) developing best practices. 

4 ‘‘(f) EXPANDING CAPACITY IN QUANTUM INFORMATION

5 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY (QISET).— 

6 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

7 Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of 

8 Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, 

9 shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed 

10 basis to eligible institutions of higher education or eli11 gible nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to 

12 increase research capacity, education and infrastruc13 ture capacity, and broaden participation in quantum 

14 information science, engineering, and technology and 

15 related disciplines, including by— 

16 ‘‘(A) supporting curriculum development in 

17 quantum information science, engineering, and 

18 technology as described in section 301(d) of the 

19 National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 

20 8841(d)); 

21 ‘‘(B) building upon the activities carried 

22 out under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders 

23 Pilot Program authorized under section 10661(f) 

24 of the Research and Development, Competition, 


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1 and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167; 42 

2 U.S.C. 19261(f)); and 

3 ‘‘(C) leveraging the readiness for the in4 volvement of local research and education com5 munities to secure a talent pipeline in quantum 

6 information science, engineering, and technology 

7 to meet the workforce needs of industry, govern8 ment, and academia. 

9 ‘‘(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiv10 ing an award under this subsection may include in11 stitutions of higher education, nonprofit organiza12 tions, and private sector entities. 

13 ‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDU14 CATION DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘eligi15 ble institution of higher education’ means an institu16 tion of higher education, that, according to the data 

17 published by the National Center for Science and En18 gineering Statistics, is not, on average, among the top 

19 100 institutions in Federal research and development 

20 expenditures during the 3- year period prior to the 

21 year of the award. 

22 ‘‘(4) REQUIREMENTS.—To receive an award 

23 under this subsection, an eligible institution shall sub24 mit to the Director of the National Science Founda25 tion an application that includes the following: 


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1 ‘‘(A) A plan to sustain proposed activities 

2 beyond the duration of the award. 

3 ‘‘(B) Proposed quantum information 

4 science, engineering, and technology disciplines 

5 and focus areas the eligible institution is pre6 pared to engage in to significantly build up its 

7 quantum information science, engineering, and 

8 technology research and education capacity. 

9 ‘‘(C) A plan for education and workforce de10 velopment, which may include K-12 and post11 secondary education programs and activities, 

12 workforce training and career and technical edu13 cation programs and activities, undergraduate, 

14 graduate, and postdoctoral education, and infor15 mal education programs and activities. 

16 ‘‘(5) ACTIVITIES.—Awards under this subsection 

17 to support research and related activities may include 

18 the activities relating to the following: 

19 ‘‘(A) Development or expansion of research 

20 programs in disciplines and focus areas specified 

21 in paragraph (4)(B). 

22 ‘‘(B) Faculty recruitment and professional 

23 development in disciplines and focus areas speci24 fied in paragraph (4)(B). 


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1 ‘‘(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing 

2 post-baccalaureate students for graduate pro3 grams in quantum information science, engi4 neering, and technology. 

5 ‘‘(D) To build research capacity and infra6 structure at an eligible institution in disciplines 

7 and focus areas specified in paragraph (4)(B). 

8 ‘‘(E) An assessment of capacity-building 

9 and research infrastructure needs identified in 

10 paragraph (4)(B). 

11 ‘‘(F) Administrative research development 

12 support. 

13 ‘‘(G) Other activities necessary to build re14 search capacity in quantum information science, 

15 engineering, and technology. 

16 ‘‘(6) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.—In making 

17 awards under this subsection, the Director of the Na18 tional Science Foundation may also consider the fol19 lowing: 

20 ‘‘(A) The extent to which the eligible appli21 cant will support students from diverse back22 grounds, including first-generation under23 graduate students. 

24 ‘‘(B) The geographic and institutional di25 versity of eligible applicants. 


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1 ‘‘(C) How the eligible applicant can lever2 age public-private partnerships and existing re3 search partnerships with Federal agencies. 

4 ‘‘(7) DUPLICATION.—The Director of the Na5 tional Science Foundation shall ensure awards made 

6 under this subsection are complimentary to and not 

7 duplicative of existing programs. 

8 ‘‘(g) FACULTY MID-CAREER DEVELOPMENT

9 AWARDS.—The Director of the National Science Founda10 tion may provide awards to support mid-career scientists 

11 and faculty to upgrade, develop, or acquire essential re12 search instruments to start new research activities, or ex13 pand existing activities, focused on quantum information 

14 science, engineering and technology. 

15 ‘‘(h) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON QUANTUM INFOR16 MATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY.— 

17 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

18 Science Foundation, in coordination with the Sec19 retary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, shall 

20 support international quantum information science, 

21 engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, 

22 to enhance international cooperation and meet United 

23 States commitments, including as part of the terms 

24 and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum 


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1 information science, engineering, and technology re2 search agreements. 

3 ‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this sub4 section, the Director of the National Science Founda5 tion shall ensure alignment with the national Quan6 tum Information Strategy in accordance with Execu7 tive Order 14073 or successor strategies. 

8 ‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—The Director shall prioritize re9 search programs with countries that have signed a 

10 Quantum Cooperation Statement with the United 

11 States. 

12 ‘‘(4) RESTRICTIONS.— 

13 ‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 

14 funds made available under this section may be 

15 obligated or expended to an institution of higher 

16 education that maintains a contract or agree17 ment between such institution and a Confucius 

18 Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti19 tute. 

20 ‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN AND

21 FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—None of the 

22 funds made available under this section may be 

23 obligated or expended to promote, establish, or fi24 nance quantum research activities between a 


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1 United States entity and a foreign country of 

2 concern or foreign entity of concern. 

3 ‘‘(i) UPGRADING AND IMPROVING ACCESS TO QUAN4 TUM RESEARCH RESOURCES.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities 

6 described in this section, the Director of the National 

7 Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of 

8 other Federal departments and agencies, as appro9 priate, shall award grants to institutions of higher 

10 education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or con11 sortia thereof) to upgrade research facilities and im12 prove access to research resources, such as equipment 

13 and instrumentation, that is needed for research and 

14 development in quantum information science, engi15 neering, and technology. 

16 ‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—Grants under paragraph (1) 

17 shall be used to facilitate quantum information 

18 science, engineering, and technology research and de19 velopment, including by carrying out the following: 

20 ‘‘(A) Upgrading or adding research re21 sources to accelerate the development of quantum 

22 technologies, including capabilities focused on 

23 addressing the roadblocks to implementation, 

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1 geneous computing, networking, software, data, 

2 clean room, and device needs of the scientific 

3 community and the quantum supply chain. 

4 ‘‘(B) Enhancing access to equipment and 

5 instrumentation, including at partnering insti6 tutions, by facilitating information sharing, co7 ordination, scheduling, education, and training, 

8 including activities that provide meaningful 

9 hands-on learning experiences for students, in10 cluding at community and technical colleges. 

11 ‘‘(C) Enabling professional staff to support 

12 the operation and improvement of research re13 sources used for quantum information science, 

14 engineering, and technology. 

15 ‘‘(3) REQUIREMENTS.—An institution of higher 

16 education or an eligible nonprofit organization (or a 

17 consortium thereof) and industry partners seeking 

18 funding under this subsection shall submit to the Di19 rector of the National Science Foundation an applica20 tion at such time, in such manner, and containing 

21 such information as the Director may require. 

22 ‘‘(j) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro23 priated to the National Science Foundation pursuant to 

24 section 10303 of the Research and Development, Competi25 tion, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167) for reVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:01 Jul 25, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H6213.RH H6213

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1 search and related activities, there is authorized to be ap2 propriated to the Director of the National Science Founda3 tion to carry out this section up to $141,000,000 for each 

4 of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 

5 SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RE6 SEARCH AND EDUCATION. 

7 Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

8 (15 U.S.C. 8842) is amended— 

9 (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘5’’ and insert10 ing ‘‘10’’; 

11 (2) in subsection (c)— 

12 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 

13 by striking ‘‘basic’’; 

14 (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘science 

15 and engineering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi16 neering, and technology’’; and 

17 (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and en18 gineering’’ and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 

19 technology, including leveraging or expanding 

20 activities established pursuant to section 

21 301(d)’’; 

22 (3) in subsection (d)(2)— 

23 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

24 ‘‘quantum science’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum in25 formation science, engineering, and technology’’; 


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1 (B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 

2 ‘‘health,’’ after ‘‘chemistry,’’; 

3 (C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘, 

4 including how each participant will develop and 

5 implement outreach activities to increase the 

6 participation of women and other students from 

7 groups historically underrepresented in STEM’’ 

8 before the semicolon; 

9 (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking 

10 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

11 (E) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 

12 period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

13 (F) by adding at the end the following new 

14 subparagraph: 

15 ‘‘(F) how the Center will participate in 

16 international collaborations, as appropriate, to 

17 build a trusted global research network with al18 lies and partners of the United States and other 

19 countries that share values with the United 

20 States, including respect for international norms 

21 of fair competition.’’; 

22 (4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) 

23 to read as follows: 


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1 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may reapply 

2 for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years fol3 lowing a successful, merit-based review.’’; and 

4 (5) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘2019 through 

5 2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2024 through 2028’’. 

6 SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORK7 FORCE (QREW) COORDINATION HUB. 

8 Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

9 U.S.C. 8841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 

10 following new sections: 

11 ‘‘SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORK12 FORCE (QREW) COORDINATION HUB. 

13 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

14 Science Foundation, in consultation with the Director of 

15 the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 

16 Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other relevant Federal 

17 departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall make an 

18 award to a consortium led by an institution of higher edu19 cation or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a 

20 Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordina21 tion Hub (in this section referred to as the ‘Hub’). 

22 ‘‘(b) CONSORTIUM.—The Hub established pursuant to 

23 subsection (a) shall include not fewer than four institutions 

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1 nity colleges, and may include career and technical schools, 

2 nonprofit organizations, and private sector entities. 

3 ‘‘(c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Hub shall be to— 

4 ‘‘(1) identify and address cross-cutting workforce 

5 development challenges in quantum information 

6 science, engineering, and technology, and the quan7 tum industry, by serving as a national and regional 

8 clearinghouse; and 

9 ‘‘(2) facilitate the establishment of programs to 

10 disseminate to institutions of higher education and 

11 career and technical education entities model cur12 ricula, best practices, and instructional materials. 

13 ‘‘(d) ACTIVITIES.—The activities of the Hub may in14 clude the following: 

15 ‘‘(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, dissemi16 nating, and standardizing materials, methods, best 

17 practices, and other outputs developed through activi18 ties under this Act. 

19 ‘‘(2) Increasing the integration of quantum in20 formation science, engineering, and technology con21 tent into STEM curricula at all education levels, in22 cluding career and technical education programs. 

23 ‘‘(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree 

24 students to provide feedback on quantum information 

25 science, engineering, and technology curricula. 


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1 ‘‘(4) Facilitating post-education employment op2 portunities and workforce pathways for STEM degree 

3 recipients in quantum-related industries, including 

4 by facilitating opportunities for internships, 

5 externships, fellowships, and other such activities as 

6 determined by the Director, including through the es7 tablishment of a publicly accessible online portal. 

8 ‘‘(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and 

9 nonprofit entities and small and medium-sized busi10 nesses and startups to inform and enhance the quality 

11 and availability of quantum education in STEM de12 gree programs, including through the promotion of 

13 post-graduation opportunities for STEM students 

14 outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum 

15 industries. 

16 ‘‘(6) Supporting activities and programs to en17 hance the recruitment of students from groups histori18 cally underrepresented in STEM to pursue under19 graduate and graduate studies in quantum informa20 tion science, engineering, and technology. 

21 ‘‘(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and co22 ordinating career development programs and strate23 gies for pre-university and university educators for 

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1 formed educators at all levels of education, including 

2 by carrying out the following: 

3 ‘‘(A) Hosting career development workshops. 

4 ‘‘(B) Developing in-house and distance 

5 learning career development tools for public use. 

6 ‘‘(C) Facilitating access to related quantum 

7 technology, tools, and resources. 

8 ‘‘(D) Developing training, research, and 

9 professional development programs, including in10 novative pre-service and in-service programs. 

11 ‘‘(E) Facilitating relationships with State 

12 and local entities to increase awareness of and 

13 promote quantum-related career development ac14 tivities at the Hub. 

15 ‘‘(8) Establishing a framework for performing 

16 ongoing regular data collection and analysis for the 

17 quantum workforce to report on trends, and perform 

18 other activities that expand the understanding of the 

19 current and future needs of the quantum industry, 

20 and education capacity or readiness of the quantum 

21 workforce. Such activities shall complement or align 

22 with, as relevant, authorized quantum and STEM 

23 workforce studies under section 10661(d) of the Re24 search and Development, Competition, and Innova25 tion Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)). 


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1 ‘‘(9) Facilitating public education and outreach 

2 activities to enhance the understanding and aware3 ness of quantum information science, engineering, 

4 and technology to a boarder community to satisfy 

5 broader impact requirements of award applications. 

6 ‘‘(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum 

7 education in the broader STEM community. 

8 ‘‘(e) QREW QUANTUM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.—Sub9 ject to the restrictions outlined in subsection (c) of section 

10 301, the Hub may support education or policy fellowships 

11 for students at entities participating in the consortium 

12 under subsection (a) or at other research centers established 

13 pursuant to this Act at the National Science Foundation, 

14 the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the De15 partment of Energy, or the National Aeronautics and Space 

16 Administration, for the purpose of supporting the activities 

17 described in subsection (d). 

18 ‘‘(f) INDUSTRY COORDINATION.—The Hub shall col19 laborate with the Quantum Consortium established in sec20 tion 201(b) or other industry consortia to identify, publish, 

21 facilitate, or enable quantum-related education and work22 force development opportunities as described in subsections 

23 (c) and (d). 

24 ‘‘(g) APPLICATION.—A consortium seeking funding 

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1 tional Science Foundation an application at such time, in 

2 such manner, and containing such information as the Di3 rector may require. Each application shall include a de4 scription of how the consortium shall carry out the fol5 lowing: 

6 ‘‘(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and 

7 fulfill the purposes of the Hub. 

8 ‘‘(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling 

9 the purposes of the Hub. 

10 ‘‘(3) Collaborate with other members of the con11 sortium to share expertise in integrating quantum in12 formation science, engineering, and technology into 

13 existing STEM programs and other relevant fields 

14 and disciplines. 

15 ‘‘(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce 

16 development in the quantum field. 

17 ‘‘(5) Develop and implement outreach activities 

18 to increase the participation of women and other stu19 dents from groups historically underrepresented in 

20 STEM. 

21 ‘‘(h) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

22 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Hub established under 

23 this section is authorized to carry out activities for a 

24 period of 5 years. 


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1 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may reapply 

2 for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years fol3 lowing a successful, merit-based review. 

4 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au5 thorities of the National Science Foundation, the Di6 rector of the National Science Foundation may termi7 nate the Hub if it is underperforming during the per8 formance period. 

9 ‘‘(i) COORDINATION.—The Hub shall coordinate with 

10 other research centers established under this Act at the Na11 tional Science Foundation, the National Institute of Stand12 ards and Technology, the Department of Energy, the Na13 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other 

14 relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and 

15 resources. 

16 ‘‘(j) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Science 

17 Foundation shall allocate up to $10,000,000 for the Hub 

18 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 

19 availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 

20 carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appro21 priated or otherwise made available to the National Science 

22 Foundation. 

23 ‘‘SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS. 

24 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the 

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1 tional Science Foundation, in coordination with the Direc2 tor of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 

3 the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Federal 

4 agencies, as determined appropriate by the Director of the 

5 National Science Foundation, shall make awards on a com6 petitive, merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher edu7 cation, nonprofit organizations, Federally Funded Research 

8 and Development Centers, or consortia thereof, to establish 

9 not more than five testbeds for quantum applications re10 search and development. 

11 ‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The quantum testbeds established 

12 under subsection (a) shall focus on advancing research and 

13 development for near-term and medium-term quantum ap14 plication use cases by providing accessible research re15 sources to academia and industry for developing and testing 

16 such use cases, including through proof-of-concept testing, 

17 demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping. 

18 ‘‘(c) APPLICATION PROPOSALS.—An applicant for an 

19 award under this section shall submit to the Director a pro20 posal at such time, in such manner, and containing such 

21 information as the Director may reasonably require. The 

22 proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following: 

23 ‘‘(1) How the applicant will assemble a work24 force, including from populations that are historically 


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1 underrepresented in STEM, with the skills needed to 

2 operate a quantum testbed. 

3 ‘‘(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access 

4 to a quantum testbed, including for start-ups and 

5 small businesses. 

6 ‘‘(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after 

7 Federal funding has ended. 

8 ‘‘(d) PRIORITIZATION.—The Director of the National 

9 Science Foundation shall prioritize the following: 

10 ‘‘(1) Applicants that ensure not less than 25 per11 cent of the cost for a testbed awarded under this sec12 tion is provided by private or non-Federal entities, 

13 including in-kind contributions. 

14 ‘‘(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum 

15 industry participation. 

16 ‘‘(e) ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of 

17 the National Science Foundation shall be responsible for the 

18 following: 

19 ‘‘(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes 

20 from each quantum testbed established under this sec21 tion. 

22 ‘‘(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to 

23 enable opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to 

24 be appropriately taken up by such agencies in align25 ment with the missions of such agencies. 


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1 ‘‘(3) Not later than one year after the date of the 

2 enactment of this section and every two years there3 after until December 31, 2030, briefing the appro4 priate committees of Congress on the status of such 

5 quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for 

6 improving such quantum testbeds. 

7 ‘‘(f) COORDINATION.—In establishing quantum 

8 testbeds under this section, the Director of the National 

9 Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other 

10 testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal quan11 tum technology and infrastructure supported by the Na12 tional Science Foundation, including those authorized pur13 suant to section 10390 of the Research and Development, 

14 Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167; 42 

15 U.S.C. 10990), or by other Federal agencies as determined 

16 appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and 

17 maximize use of Federal resources. 

18 ‘‘(g) STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION.—In carrying 

19 out this section, the Director of the National Science Foun20 dation shall collaborate with the Quantum Consortium es21 tablished pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish the pur22 poses of the quantum testbeds program described in sub23 section (b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with in24 dustry stakeholders. The Director may also engage with Na25 tional Laboratories, federally funded research and developVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:01 Jul 25, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H6213.RH H6213

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1 ment centers, industry, and other members of the United 

2 States quantum ecosystem. 

3 ‘‘(h) GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY.—The Director shall en4 sure regional and geographic diversity in issuing awards 

5 under this section. 

6 ‘‘(i) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Science 

7 Foundation shall allocate up to $50,000,000 for the quan8 tum testbeds under this section for each fiscal years 2024 

9 through 2028, subject to the availability of appropriations. 

10 Amounts made available to carry out this section shall be 

11 derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made 

12 available to the National Science Foundation. 

13 ‘‘SEC. 305. RESEARCH SECURITY. 

14 ‘‘The activities authorized under title III shall be ap15 plied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of 

16 the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova17 tion Act (enacted as division B of Public Law 117–167; 

18 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).’’. 

19 SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMA20 TION SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

21 Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

22 (15 U.S.C. 8851) is amended— 

23 (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as fol24 lows: 


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1 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 

2 carry out a research, development, and demonstration pro3 gram on quantum information science, engineering, and 

4 technology.’’; 

5 (2) in subsection (b)— 

6 (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, engi7 neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

8 (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), 

9 and (5) as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respec10 tively; 

11 (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol12 lowing new paragraphs: 

13 ‘‘(3) operate National Quantum Information 

14 Science Research Centers to accelerate and scale up 

15 scientific and technical breakthroughs in quantum in16 formation science, engineering, and technology, and 

17 maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for quantum 

18 researchers and industry partners, in accordance with 

19 section 402; 

20 ‘‘(4) conduct cooperative research with industry, 

21 National Laboratories, institutions of higher edu22 cation, and other research institutions to facilitate the 

23 development and demonstration of quantum informa24 tion science, engineering, and technology, including 

25 in the fields of— 


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1 ‘‘(A) quantum information theory; 

2 ‘‘(B) quantum physics; 

3 ‘‘(C) quantum computational science, in4 cluding hardware and software, including artifi5 cial intelligence, machine learning and data 

6 science; 

7 ‘‘(D) quantum data storage, including 

8 hardware and software for energy efficient data 

9 centers; 

10 ‘‘(E) applied mathematics and algorithm 

11 development; 

12 ‘‘(F) quantum communications and net13 working, including hardware and software for 

14 quantum communications and networking; 

15 ‘‘(G) quantum sensing and detection; 

16 ‘‘(H) materials science and engineering; 

17 ‘‘(I) quantum modeling and simulation, in18 cluding molecular modeling; 

19 ‘‘(J) near- and long-term application devel20 opment in a range of areas as determined by the 

21 Secretary, such as materials discovery, advanced 

22 manufacturing, cybersecurity, energy efficiency 

23 and energy technologies, energy storage and elec24 tric grid management; 

25 ‘‘(K) quantum chemistry; 


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1 ‘‘(L) quantum biology; 

2 ‘‘(M) superconductive and high-performance 

3 microelectronics; and 

4 ‘‘(N) quantum security technologies;’’; 

5 (D) by amending paragraph (5), as so re6 designated, to read as follows: 

7 ‘‘(5) provide research experiences and training 

8 for additional undergraduate and graduate students 

9 in quantum information science, engineering, and 

10 technology, including in the fields specified in para11 graph (4);’’; 

12 (E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated— 

13 (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 

14 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

15 (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) 

16 as subparagraph (J); and 

17 (iii) by inserting after subparagraph 

18 (E) the following new subparagraphs: 

19 ‘‘(F) the Office of Electricity; 

20 ‘‘(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Se21 curity, and Emergency Response; 

22 ‘‘(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Car23 bon Management; 

24 ‘‘(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; 

25 and’’; 


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1 (F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 

2 striking the period and inserting ‘‘and other rel3 evant efforts as defined by the Secretary of En4 ergy; and’’; and 

5 (G) by adding at the end the following new 

6 paragraph: 

7 ‘‘(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and 

8 data, including experience and resources from exist9 ing Federal research activities and commercially10 available quantum computing hardware and software 

11 to the extent practicable.’’; and 

12 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

13 ‘‘(c) QUANTUM HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

14 STRATEGIC PLAN.—Not later than one year after the date 

15 of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary of Energy 

16 shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10-year stra17 tegic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expand18 ing, commercializing, and procuring hybrid, high perform19 ance computing systems featuring the ability to integrate 

20 a diverse set of resources, including artificial intelligence 

21 and machine learning, accelerated by quantum supercom22 puters to enable the Department of Energy’s computing fa23 cilities to continuously advance computing resources. Such 

24 strategic plan shall include the following: 


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1 ‘‘(1) A conceptual plan to leverage capabilities 

2 and infrastructure from the exascale computing pro3 gram, as the Secretary of Energy determines nec4 essary. 

5 ‘‘(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the ad6 vanced scientific computing workforce. 

7 ‘‘(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum 

8 computing modalities. 

9 ‘‘(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of commer10 cially available quantum hardware and software to 

11 complement on-premises high performance computing 

12 systems and resources consistent with the QUEST 

13 program under section 404. 

14 ‘‘(5) Implement the plan developed under this 

15 section. 

16 ‘‘(d) INDUSTRY OUTREACH.—In carrying out the pro17 gram under subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy shall 

18 support the quantum technology industry and promote com19 mercialization of applications of quantum technology rel20 evant to the Department’s activities by carrying out the fol21 lowing: 

22 ‘‘(1) Educating— 

23 ‘‘(A) the energy industry on near term and 

24 commercially available quantum technologies; 

25 and 


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1 ‘‘(B) the quantum industry on potential en2 ergy applications. 

3 ‘‘(2) Accelerating the advancements of United 

4 States quantum computing, communications, net5 working, sensing, and security capabilities to protect 

6 and optimize the energy sector. 

7 ‘‘(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply chains, 

8 manufacturing capabilities, and associated simula9 tions or modeling capabilities. 

10 ‘‘(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum 

11 technologies from National Laboratories and engaging 

12 with the Quantum Consortium established pursuant 

13 to section 201(b) and other organizations, as applica14 ble, to transition component technologies to help fa15 cilitate, as appropriate, the development of a quan16 tum supply chain. 

17 ‘‘(5) Where appropriate, promoting participa18 tion by small and medium-sized businesses and 

19 startups. 

20 ‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro21 priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science 

22 pursuant to section 317 of the Department of Energy Re23 search and Innovation Act, there is authorized to be appro24 priated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under 


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1 this section up to $130,000,000 for each fiscal years 2024 

2 through 2027.’’. 

3 SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY 

4 PROGRAM. 

5 Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

6 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 

7 401 the following new section: 

8 ‘‘SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRU9 MENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM. 

10 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall es11 tablish a quantum instrumentation and infrastructure 

12 foundry program to carry out the following: 

13 ‘‘(1) Maintain United States leadership in quan14 tum information science, engineering, and technology. 

15 ‘‘(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains. 

16 ‘‘(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific 

17 community. 

18 ‘‘(4) Support activities carried out under sec19 tions 401, 403, and 404. 

20 ‘‘(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 

21 program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall 

22 design, build, develop, purchase, and commercialize special23 ized equipment, laboratory infrastructure, and state-of-the24 art instrumentation to advance quantum engineering re25 search and the development of quantum component techVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:01 Jul 25, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\H6213.RH H6213

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1 nologies at a scale sufficient to meet the needs of the sci2 entific community and enable commercialization of quan3 tum technology. 

4 ‘‘(c) QUANTUM FOUNDRIES.—In carrying out the pro5 gram under subsection (a), and in coordination partnership 

6 with institutions of higher education and industry, the Sec7 retary of Energy shall support the development of quantum 

8 foundries focused on meeting the device, hardware, software, 

9 and materials needs of the scientific community and the 

10 quantum supply chain. 

11 ‘‘(d) FUNDING.—The Secretary of Energy shall allo12 cate up to $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 

13 2028 to carry out this section, subject to the availability 

14 of appropriations. Amounts made available to carry out 

15 this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or 

16 otherwise made available to the Department of Energy’s Of17 fice of Science.’’. 

18 SEC. 18. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RE19 SEARCH CENTERS. 

20 Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

21 (15 U.S.C. 8852) is amended— 

22 (1) in subsection (a)— 

23 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

24 (i) by striking ‘‘basic’’; 


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1 (ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech2 nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 

3 and technology, expand capacity for the do4 mestic quantum workforce,’’; and 

5 (iii) by striking ‘‘section 401’’ and in6 serting ‘‘sections 401, 403, and 404’’; and 

7 (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting ‘‘that 

8 may include one or more commercial entities’’ 

9 after ‘‘collaborations’’; 

10 (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘, and should 

11 be inclusive of the variety of viable quantum tech12 nologies, where appropriate’’ before the period; 

13 (3) in subsection (c), 

14 (A) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 

15 (B) by inserting ‘‘, engineering, and tech16 nology, accelerating quantum workforce develop17 ment,’’ after ‘‘science’’; 

18 (4) in subsection (d)(1)— 

19 (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

20 after the semicolon; 

21 (B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 

22 subparagraph (E); and 

23 (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 

24 following new subparagraph: 


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1 ‘‘(D) the Office of Technology Transitions; 

2 and’’; 

3 (5) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) 

4 to read as follows: 

5 ‘‘(2) RENEWAL.—Each Center under this section 

6 may be renewed for an additional period of 5 years 

7 following a successful, merit-based review and ap8 proval by the Director.’’; and 

9 (6) in subsection (f)— 

10 (A) by striking ‘‘$25,000,000’’ and inserting 

11 ‘‘$35,000,000’’; and 

12 (B) by striking ‘‘2019 through 2023’’ and 

13 inserting ‘‘2024 through 2028’’. 

14 SEC. 19. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK IN15 FRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP16 MENT PROGRAM. 

17 Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 

18 (15 U.S.C. 8853) is amended— 

19 (1) in subsection (a)— 

20 (A) in paragraph (4)— 

21 (i) by inserting ‘‘, including’’ after 

22 ‘‘networking’’; and 

23 (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi24 colon; 


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1 (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period 

2 and inserting a semicolon; and 

3 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

4 paragraphs: 

5 ‘‘(6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of mo6 dalities and commercially-available quantum hard7 ware and software; and 

8 ‘‘(7) develop education and training pathways 

9 related to quantum network infrastructure invest10 ments, aligned with existing programmatic invest11 ments by the Department of Energy.’’; and 

12 (2) in subsection (b)— 

13 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

14 (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) 

15 and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), re16 spectively; and 

17 (ii) by inserting after subparagraph 

18 (B) the following new subparagraph: 

19 ‘‘(C) the Administrator of the National Aer20 onautics and Space Administration;’’; 

21 (B) in paragraph (2)— 

22 (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 

23 ‘‘ground-to-space and’’ after ‘‘channels,’’; 


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1 (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 

2 ‘‘photon-based’’ and inserting ‘‘all applica3 ble modalities of’’; 

4 (iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting 

5 ‘‘, quantum sensors,’’ after ‘‘quantum re6 peaters’’; 

7 (iv) in subparagraph (G)— 

8 (I) by inserting ‘‘data centers,’’ 

9 after ‘‘repeaters,’’; and 

10 (II) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the 

11 semicolon; 

12 (v) in subparagraph (H)— 

13 (I) by striking ‘‘the quantum tech14 nology stack’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum 

15 technology modality stacks’’; and 

16 (II) by striking ‘‘National Lab17 oratories in’’ and inserting ‘‘National 

18 Laboratories such as’’; and 

19 (vi) by adding at the end the following 

20 new subparagraph: 

21 ‘‘(I) development of quantum network and 

22 entanglement distribution protocols or applica23 tions, including development of network stack 

24 protocols and protocols enabling integration with 

25 existing technologies or infrastructure; and 


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1 ‘‘(J) development of high efficiency room2 temperature photon detectors for quantum 

3 photonic applications, including quantum net4 working and communications;’’; 

5 (C) in paragraph (4)— 

6 (i) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 

7 (ii) by striking ‘‘material’’ and insert8 ing ‘‘materials’’; and 

9 (D) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘funda10 mental’’; 

11 (3) in subsection (c)(6), by inserting ‘‘, including 

12 small and medium-sized businesses and startups’’ be13 fore the semicolon; and 

14 (4) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘basic re15 search’’ and inserting ‘‘research, development, and 

16 demonstration’’. 

17 SEC. 20. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPAN18 SION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRO19 GRAM. 

20 Section 404 of the of the National Quantum Initiative 

21 Act (15 U.S.C. 8854) is amended— 

22 (1) in subsection (a)— 

23 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 

24 by striking ‘‘and quantum computing clouds’’ 


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1 and inserting ‘‘, software, and cloud-based quan2 tum computers’’; 

3 (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

4 after the semicolon; 

5 (C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period 

6 and inserting a semicolon; and 

7 (D) by adding at the end the following new 

8 paragraphs: 

9 ‘‘(5) to enable development of software and ap10 plications, including estimation of resources needed to 

11 scale applications; and 

12 ‘‘(6) to develop near-term quantum applications 

13 to solve public and private sector problems.’’; 

14 (2) in subsection (b)— 

15 (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

16 after the semicolon; 

17 (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period 

18 and inserting a semicolon; and 

19 (C) by at the end the following new para20 graphs: 

21 ‘‘(6) enables users to develop algorithms, software 

22 tools, simulators, and applications for quantum sys23 tems using cloud-based quantum computers; and 


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1 ‘‘(7) partner with appropriate public and pri2 vate sector entities to develop training and education 

3 opportunities on prototype and early-state devices.’’; 

4 (3) in subsection (c)— 

5 (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), 

6 (6), (7), and (8) as paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), 

7 and (9), respectively; 

8 (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol9 lowing new paragraph: 

10 ‘‘(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad11 ministration;’’; and 

12 (C) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 

13 inserting ‘‘, including small and medium-sized 

14 businesses and startups’’ before the semicolon; 

15 and 

16 (4) in subsection (e)— 

17 (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

18 after the semicolon; 

19 (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period 

20 and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

21 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

22 paragraph: 

23 ‘‘(6) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.’’. 


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1 SEC. 21. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE 

2 THE RESILIENCE, SECURITY, AND EFFI3 CIENCY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title IV of the National Quantum 

5 Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by add6 ing at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 405. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE 

8 THE RESILIENCE AND SECURITY OF THE 

9 ELECTRIC GRID. 

10 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred 

11 to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall conduct research, 

12 development, and demonstration activities focused on the 

13 use of quantum information science, engineering, and tech14 nology, including through quantum applications and quan15 tum computing, to enhance the resilience, security, and effi16 ciency of the electric grid in the United States. 

17 ‘‘(b) RESEARCH AREAS.—In carrying out subsection 

18 (a), the Secretary may conduct research in the following 

19 areas: 

20 ‘‘(1) Fault detection and prediction. 

21 ‘‘(2) Grid security and safety, including through 

22 post-quantum cryptography. 

23 ‘‘(3) Integrated grid planning. 

24 ‘‘(4) Grid optimization. 

25 ‘‘(5) Enhanced modeling. 

26 ‘‘(6) Energy storage. 


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1 ‘‘(7) Energy market optimization. 

2 ‘‘(8) Any other area in which, in the determina3 tion of the Secretary, quantum information science, 

4 engineering, and technology can enhance the resil5 ience, security, and efficiency of the electric grid in 

6 the United States. 

7 ‘‘(c) COOPERATION.—To the extent practicable, the 

8 Secretary shall conduct research, development, and dem9 onstration activities under subsection (a) in cooperation, 

10 including through partnerships, as the Secretary determines 

11 to be appropriate, with members of relevant industries, Na12 tional Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and 

13 other relevant institutions, including research institutions, 

14 as determined by the Secretary.’’. 

15 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in 

16 section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public 

17 Law 115–368; 132 Stat. 5092; 136 Stat. 1441) is amended 

18 by inserting after the item relating to section 404 the fol19 lowing: 

‘‘Sec. 405. Quantum information science to enhance the resilience and security of 

the electric grid. 

‘‘Sec. 406. Research security.’’. 

20 SEC. 22. RESEARCH SECURITY. 

21 Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

22 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 

23 following new section: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 406. RESEARCH SECURITY. 

2 ‘‘The activities authorized under title IV shall be ap3 plied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of 

4 the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova5 tion Act (enacted as division B of Public Law 117–167; 

6 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).’’. 

7 SEC. 23. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRA8 TION QUANTUM ACTIVITIES. 

9 The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 

10 adding at the end the following new title: 

11 ‘‘TITLE V—NATIONAL AERO12 NAUTICS AND SPACE ADMIN13 ISTRATION QUANTUM ACTIVI14 TIES 

15 ‘‘SEC. 501. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEER16 ING, AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOR 

17 SPACE AND AERONAUTICS. 

18 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the National 

19 Aeronautics and Space Administration is authorized to 

20 carry out research on quantum information science, engi21 neering, and technology. 

22 ‘‘(b) COOPERATION.—In carrying out subsection (a), 

23 the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 

24 Administration— 

25 ‘‘(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements 

26 with the Department of Energy and other Federal 


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1 Government agencies, as practicable, on areas of 

2 shared benefit; and 

3 ‘‘(2) may enter into memoranda of under4 standing or memoranda of agreement to establish 

5 such cooperative arrangements. 

6 ‘‘(c) STRATEGY.—Not later than 180 days after the 

7 date of the enactment of this title, the Administrator of the 

8 National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall sub9 mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy 

10 for National Aeronautics and Space Administration re11 search on quantum information science, engineering, and 

12 technology. The strategy shall identify resources required to 

13 support implementation of the strategy, including budgets, 

14 workforce, and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts 

15 with other Federal Government agencies, and address areas 

16 of research and applications, including the following: 

17 ‘‘(1) Quantum sensing. 

18 ‘‘(2) Quantum networking. 

19 ‘‘(3) Quantum communications, including quan20 tum satellite communications. 

21 ‘‘(4) Quantum computing. 

22 ‘‘(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-re23 lated applications. 


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1 ‘‘(6) Any other area on quantum information, 

2 science, engineering, and technology the Adminis3 trator determines necessary. 

4 ‘‘(d) CONSULTATION.—In developing the strategy de5 scribed in subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input 

6 from relevant external stakeholders, including institutions 

7 of higher education, industry, and nonprofit research orga8 nizations. 

9 ‘‘SEC. 502. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS10 TRATION QUANTUM INSTITUTE. 

11 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap12 propriations, the Administrator of the National Aero13 nautics and Space Administration, in consultation with the 

14 heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as appro15 priate, may carry out a program to establish an institute 

16 focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum 

17 information science, engineering, and technology. 

18 ‘‘(b) INSTITUTE DETAILS.— 

19 ‘‘(1) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-REVIEWED PROC20 ESS.—The institute under this section shall be estab21 lished through a competitive, merit-reviewed process. 

22 ‘‘(2) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant 

23 under this section shall submit to the Administrator 

24 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra25 tion an application at such time, in such manner, 


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1 and containing such information as the Adminis2 trator determines to be appropriate. 

3 ‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—When admin4 istering the process described in paragraph (1), the 

5 Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 

6 Administration shall consider applications from in7 stitutions of higher education, research centers, multi8 institutional collaborations, and any other entity that 

9 the Administrator determines to be appropriate. 

10 ‘‘(4) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration that re11 ceives an award under this section may include mul12 tiple types of research institutions, private sector enti13 ties, and nonprofit organizations. 

14 ‘‘(5) COORDINATION.—The Administrator of the 

15 National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall 

16 ensure an awardee under this section coordinates the 

17 activities carried out under this section with the Na18 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, and 

19 avoids unnecessary duplication of the existing activi20 ties of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis21 tration, other activities carried out under this Act, 

22 and other related programs, as appropriate. 

23 ‘‘(6) COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY.—The institute 

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1 able hardware and software to carry out the activities 

2 described in subsection (c). 

3 ‘‘(c) INSTITUTE ACTIVITIES.—The institute under this 

4 section may carry out activities that— 

5 ‘‘(1) support research focused on developing 

6 space and aeronautics applications for quantum in7 formation science, engineering, and technology, in8 cluding as related to the results of the strategy under 

9 section 501(c); and 

10 ‘‘(2) support quantum information science, engi11 neering, and technology education and public out12 reach. 

13 ‘‘(d) INSTITUTE REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum 

14 extent practicable, the institute under this section shall 

15 serve the needs of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad16 ministration for the benefit of the broader United States 

17 quantum information science community, to create and de18 velop processes for the purpose of advancing space and aero19 nautics applications in quantum information science, engi20 neering, and technology, and improving the competitiveness 

21 of the United States. 

22 ‘‘(e) INSTITUTE SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

23 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 

24 appropriations, the institute under this section may 

25 carry out activities for a period of 5 years. 


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1 ‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—Subject to the avail2 ability of appropriations, an awardee may reapply 

3 for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years fol4 lowing a successful, merit-based review. 

5 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au6 thorities of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad7 ministration, the Administrator of the National Aero8 nautics and Space Administration may terminate the 

9 institute for cause during the performance period. 

10 ‘‘SEC. 503. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

11 ‘‘The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 

12 Space Administration shall allocate up to $25,000,000 to 

13 carry out the activities authorized in sections 501 and 502 

14 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 

15 availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 

16 carry out sections 501 and 502 shall be derived from 

17 amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the 

18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

19 ‘‘SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY. 

20 ‘‘The activities authorized under title V shall be ap21 plied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of 

22 the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova23 tion Act (enacted as division B of Public Law 117–167; 

24 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).’’. 


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1 SEC. 24. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY 

2 RESEARCH. 

3 Subsection (a)(1)(A) of section 4 of the Cyber Security 

4 Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amend5 ed by inserting ‘‘, including post-quantum cryptography (as 

6 such term is defined in section 3 of the Quantum Com7 puting Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; 

8 Public Law 117–260))’’ before the semicolon. 

9 SEC. 25. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS. 

10 The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National 

11 Quantum Initiative Act is amended as follows: 

12 (1) By inserting after the item relating to section 

13 105 the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.’’. 

14 (2) By inserting after the item relating to section 

15 201 the following new items: 

‘‘Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum Centers.’’; 

16 (3) By inserting after the item relating to section 

17 302 the following new items: 

‘‘Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) Coordination 

Hub. 

‘‘Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.’’. 

18 (4) By inserting after the item relating to section 

19 401 the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 401A. Department of Energy Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry Program.’’. 

20 (5) By adding at the end the following new 

21 items: 


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‘‘TITLE V—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 

QUANTUM ACTIVITIES 

‘‘Sec. 501. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology research for 

space and aeronautics. 

‘‘Sec. 502. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum institute. 

‘‘Sec. 503. Authorization of appropriations. 

‘‘Sec. 504. Research security.’’. 


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Union Calendar No. 510 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 6213 

[Report No. 118–612] 

A BILL 

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative 

Act, and for other purposes. 

JULY 25, 2024 

Reported with an amendment, committed to the Comand ordered to be printed mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, 


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