### a 

## Thursday March 3, 1983



# Part IV


# Department of Energy

Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy

Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Test Procedures for Dishwashers; Final Rule Thursday March 3, 1983



# Part IV


# Department of Energy

Office of**Con~ervation** 

## and Renewable Energy

Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Test Procedures for Dishwashers; Final Rule

### 9202 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43 / Thursday, March 3, 1983 / Rules and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. CELRM

-82-130]. 

### Conservation Act as amended by NECPA. Section 323 of the Act requires that standard methods of testing be prescribed for covered products. Test procedures appear at 10 CFR Part 430. Subpart B. Test procedures for dishwashers were prescribed on August Energy Conservation Program for 3, 1977 (42 FR 39964, August 8, 1977). Consumer Products ; Test Procedures Dishwashers are generally designed to for Dishwashers operate with 140°F inlet water. The

AGENCY: Office of Conservation and 140°F inlet water is generally Renewable Energy, DOE. recommended by dishwasher detergent manufacturers to ensure good cleaning ACTtor:: Final rule. performance by their products. The test


### SUMMARY: The Department of Energy hereby amends its test procedures for dishwashers in order to accurately deteniiae the estimated annual Opel dLir. cost and the energy factor for dish . s `:ers that operate with 120°F inlet water and to revise the representative average-use cycle to reflect current consumer use. These test procedures are a part of the energy conservation program for consumer products established pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. Among other program elements, the legislation requires that standard methods of testing be prescribed for covered products.

EFFECTIVE DATE: April 4, 1983.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael J. McCabe, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy, Forrestal Building, Mail Station CE-113.1, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585; (202) 252- 9127; or Eugene Margolis, Esq., U.S. Department of Energy, Office of General Counsel,Forrestal Building, Mail Station GC33, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585; (202) 252- 9510.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:


### A. Background On October 1, 1977, the Department of Energy (DOE) assumed the authority of the Federal Energy Administration (FEA) for the energy conservation program for consumer products, under Section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (DOE Act) (Pub. L. 95- 91). The energy conservation program for consumer products was established by FEA pursuant to Title III, Part B of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act

k (Act) (Pub. L. 94-163). Subsequently, the Act was amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA) (Pub. L. 95-619). References in 

### is notice to "the Act," or to sections of .te Act

, refer to the Energy Policy and procedures prescribed by DOE are based on dishwashers using 140°F inlet water. Three manufacturers, who make "water heating" dishwashers, i.e., dishwashers that use 120°F inlet water, requested DOE to exclude these dishwashers from the prescribed test procedures. The Hobart Corporation (Hobart) filed an application for exception with the DOE Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) on September 5,1979 for its Model KD-19 dishwasher. OHA granted an exception to Hobart on February 26, 1980. Norris Industries (Norris) applied to the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy for a test waiver on November 5,1980.1 The Secretary granted the waiver for Norris' LER series dishwasher (46 FR 35719, July 10, 1981). The General Electric Company (GE) applied for a test waiver for its "T" series dishwasher which uses 120°F inlet water. The Secretary granted a waiver to GE for its "T" series dishwasher on May 28, 1982 (47 FR 23543). As a result of the petitions from Hobart, Norris, and GE, DOE directed the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to investigate the manufacturers' claims that the prescribed test procedures do not properly determine the energy consumption for water heating dishwashers which use 120°F inlet water. NBS has provided its recommendations to DOE. These recommendations are discussed later in this document. 

### In a separate action unrelated to the petitions discussed above, the Association of Home Appliance

'DOE amended the energy conservation program for consumer products by notice issued September 18, 1980 (45 FR 64108, September 28, 1980) to that the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy can temporarily waive test procedure requirements for a particular covered product. Waivers may be granted when design characteristics for the particular product either prevent testing of the product according to prescribed test procedures, or lead to results so unrepresentative of the product's true energy consumption characteristics as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data to

consumers. Manufacturers (AHAM) and the Procter and Gamble Company (P&G) presented "data to DOE that showed an annual
average use for dishwashers of 322 cycles per year. They requested that DOE change the representative annual use cycle for dishwashers from 416 cycles per year to 322 cycles per year. The representative annual use cycle is used to determine the estimated annual operating cost. Amended test procedures were proposed for dishwashers by a notice issued on May 27, 1982 (47 FR 26143. June 17, 1982). A public hearing was held on July 21,1982.



### B. Discussion

1. Representative Average-Use Cycle. The Association of Hoitte Appliance Manufacturers and eight other commenters agreed that the representative average-use cycle be changed to 322 cycles per year. No comments were received that disagreed with the proposed change. Today's finalrule prescribes a representative averageuse cycle of 322 cycles per year for determining the estimated annual operating cost for dishwashers.
2. Warm Water Dishwashers. GE commented that dishwashers that can operate satisfactorily on 120°F inlet water do so because the 120°F inlet water is heated internally by the dishwasher to a level sufficient to achieve excellent washing and drying results. GE further stated that "water heating dishwashers" may be a more appropriate term for these dishwashers instead of "warm water dishwashers" as was used in the proposed rule. Water at 120°F is generally perceived to be hot-not-warm. Hobart, Design and Manufacturing Corporation (D&M), Sears, Roebuck and Co. (Sears), and Whirlpool Corporation (Whirlpool) stated that it is important to identify that heating must take place during the normal cycle washing phase(s) for proper washing performance, although it is not necessary that all of the water used during the normal cycle be heated. These commenters stated that at least one wash phase and at least one rinse phase be thermostatically-controlled. These thermostatically-controlled wash and rinse phases will delay the normal cycle until the wash or rinse water has been heated to its required temperature. Dishwashers that use 140°F watertypically do not have thermostaticallycontrolled water heaters; these dishwashers generally heat the water continuously for all wash and rinse phases. 

### 9202 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43/ Thursday, March 3, 1983/ 

### Rules and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Part 430
{Docket No. CI!LRM-82-1301
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Productsj Test Procedures for Dishwashers

::AGENCY: Office ofConservation and

Renewable Energy, DOE.**ACT!O~:** Finalrule.

SUMMARY: The Department ofEnergy hereby amends its test procedures for dishwashers in orderto accurately determiiit: the estimated annual operdLinl;l (';osi and the energy factor for dishw<;5};ers that operate with 120°F inlet wa'er and to revise the • repre5tntiilive average-use cycle to reflect current consumer use. These test procedures are a part ofthe**~mergy** conservation program for consumer products established pursuant to the Energy Policy and ConservationAct. Among otherprogram elements, the legislation requires that standard methods oftesting be prescribed for covered products.

EFFECTIVE DATE: April 4, 1983.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael

## J. McCabe, U.S. Department of

Energy, Office ofConservation and Renewable Energy, Forrestal Building, Mail Station CE-113.1, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585; (202) 252- 9127; or Eugene Margolis, Esq., U.S. Department

ofEnergy, Office of General Counsel, Forrestel Building, Mail Station GC33,1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585; (202l 252- 9510.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMAnON:

A. Background

On October 1, 1977, the Department of Energy (DOE) assumed the authority of the Federal Energy Administration (PEA) for the energy conservation
program for consumerproducts, under Section 301 ofthe Department ofEnergy Organization Act (DOE Act) (Pub. L. 9S91). The energy conservation p'rogram for consumerproducts was established

, by PEA pursuant to Title III, Part B of

> the Energy Policy and Conservation Act

it (Act) (Pub. L. 94-163). Subsequently, the

Act was amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act INECPA) (Pub. L. 95-619). References in

'is notice to "the Act," orto sections of .Ie Act, refer to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act as amended

### by NECPA.

Section 323'

### ofthe Act requires that standard methods oftesting be prescribed for covered products. T.est procedures appear at 10 CFR Part 430. Subpart B. Test procedures for dishwashers were prescribed on August 3,1977 (42 FR 39964, August 8,1977).

Dishwashers are generally designed to operate with 140'Finlet water. The 140'Finlet wateris generally recommended by dishwasher detergent manufacturers to ensure good cleaning performance by their products. The test procedures prescribed byDOE are based on dishwashers using 140°F inlet
water. Three manufacturers, who make "water heating" dishwashers, i.e., dishwashers that use 120°F inletwater, requested DOE to exclude these dishwashers from the prescribed test procedures.The Hobart Corporation (Hobart) filed an application for exception with the DOE Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) on September5, 1979 for its Model KD-19 dishwasher. OHA granted an exception
to Hobart on February 26, 1980. Norris Industries (Norris) applied to the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy for a test waiver

on November 5, 1980. 1The Secretary granted the waiver for Norris' LER series dishwasher (46 FR 35719, July 10, 1981). The GeneralElectric Company (GE) applied for a test waiver for its ''T'' series dishwasher which uses 120'Finlet
water. The Secretarygranted a waiver
to GE for its "T" series dishwasher on May 28, 1982 (47 FR 23543).

.

As a result ofthe petitions from Hobart, Norris, and GE, DOE directed the National Bureau ofStandards (NBS)
to investigate the manufacturers' claims that the prescribed test procedures do
notproperly determine the energy consumption for waterheating dishwashers which use 120'Finlet
water. NBS has provided its recommendations to DOE. These recommendations are discussed laterin this document.

In a separate action unrelated to the petitions discussed above, the Association of**Ho~e** Appliance:

'DOE amended the energy conservation program {or consumer products by notice issued September 18.1980 (45 FR 64108. September 26. 1980) 10 that the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy can temporarily waive leat procedure requirements for B particular covered product, Waivers may be granted when design characteristics for the particular product either prevent testing ofthe product according to prescribed test procedures. orlead to result. eo W1fepreeentative ofthe product's true ellergy consumption characteristic8 a8 to provide materially inaccurate comparative dala 10

consumers. Manufacturers (AHAM) and the Procter and Gamble Company (P&G) presented idata to DOE that showed an annual
average use for dishwashers of322 cycles per year. They requested that DOE change the representative annual llse cycle for dishwashers from 416 cycles per year to 322 cycles per year. The representative annual use cycle is used to determine the estimated annual operating cost.

Amended test procedures were proposed for dishwashers by a notice issued on May 27, 1982 (47 FR 26143.

, June 17, 1982). A public hearing was held



### on July 21, 1982.

B. Discussion



### 1. RepresentativeA v'i',rage-Use Cycle. The Association ofHOlhe Appliance Manufacturers and eight other
commenters agreed that the representative average-use cycle be changed to 322 cycles per year. No
comments were received that disagreed with the proposed change. Today's final rule prescribes a representative averageuse cycle of322 cycles per year for determining the estimated annual operating cost for dishwashers.



### 2. Warm WaterDishwashers. GE commented that dishwashers that can operate satisfactorily on 120°F inlet
water do so because the 120°F inlet
wateris heated internally by the dishwasher to a level sufficient to achieve excellent washing and drying results. GE further stated that "water heating dishwashers" may be a more appropriate term for these dishwashers instead of "warm water dishwashers"

88 was used in the proposedrule. Water
at 120°F is generally perceived to be hot-not warm.

Hobart, Design and Manufacturing Corporation (D&M), Sears, Roebuck and Co. (Sears). and Whirlpool Corporation (Whirlpool] stated that it is important to identify that heating must take place during the normal cycle washing pbase(s) for properwashing performance, although it is not necessary that all of the water used during the normal cycle be heated. These commenters stated that at least

one wash phase and at least one rinse pbase be thermostatically-controlled. These thermogfatically-controlled wash and rinse phases will delay the normal cycle until the wash orrinse waterhas been heated to its required temperature. Dishwashers that use 140°F water typically do not have thermostaticallycontrolled waterheaters; these dishwashers generallyheat the water continuously for all wash and rinse phases

.

### Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43 / Thursday, March 3, 1983 / Rules and Regulations

Accordingly, DOE has revised the proposed definition to reflect the

come ,, ntor's concerns . That definition provides:

"Water heating dishwasher" means a dishwasher that can operate at nominal inlet water temperature of 120'F by providing thermostatically-controlled internal water heating in at least one wash phase and one rinse phase of the normal cycle.
D&M, Sears, and Whirlpool recommended that DOE delete the requirement of no consumer interaction to activate the internal water heater. These commenters believed that the consumer should decide whether he wants the internal water heater activated during the normal cycle. Furthermore, D&M and Sears mentioned that their water heating dishwashers have optional switches to override the thermostat to the internal water heater of the dishwasher during the normal cycle to give the consumer added flexibility in washing dishes. The internal water heater should be on continuously when the thermostat has been disengaged. These dishwashers might not qualify as water heating dishwashers. Therefore, today's final rule deletes all requirements concerning

no consumer interaction in the definition for water heating dishwashers. GE commented that any dishwasher that could provide any amount of heat during the normal cycle would qualify
as a water heating dishwasher under the proposed definition. GE recommended that a minimum criteria regarding water heating capability be specified in order to resolve this problem. Hobart recommended a definition which included the phrase "which provides internal water heating during some portion of the washing period(s) of the normal cycle in order to raise the water temperature to that recommended by detergent manufacturers (currently 140°F)." this would specify that the water be heated to a specific temperature, which in this case would be 140°F. Norris commented that a specified temperature rise would be too restrictive. For example, some water heating dishwashers generate steam in order to heat dishes. The steam directly heats the dishes and indirectly heats water. A definition based on heating water to a specified temperature could exclude these steam dishwashers from the water heating dishwasher category. DOE agrees that a specified temperature rise would restrict manufacturers' designs. Therefore, today's final rule does not include a requirement of a specified temperature rise of heating the water used by a dishwasher. 3. Water heating Dishwasher Credit. The June 17, 1982 notice proposed a 50 percent credit for dishwashers that use 120°F inlet water. D&M, Sears, Whirlpool, and The Maytag Company (Maytag) agreed that a 50 percent credit be allowed. D&M and Sears commenters stated that their dishwashers employ internal water heating as an optional feature-the user can select to use the internal water heaters. These commenters agreed with the rationale in the proposed rule that proposed a 50 percent credit. GE, Hobart, and Norris commented that the 50 percent credit would misinform consumers and advocated a 100 percent credit. They contended that consumers are likely to either leave the thermostat settings for their water heaters at 140°F or lower the settings to 120°F, but are not likely to repeatedly adjust the water heater thermostat setting. The proposed averaging formula, based on 50 percent, would therefore result in measures of energy usage that are not representative of the expected operating conditions for these dishwashers. Norris commented that if the user followed the manufacturer's directions, his energy use would be lower; and if he did not lower the water heater thermostat setting

, his energy use would be higher. Determining the energy use by an averaging formula, or by a partial credit, would misrepresent the true energy use to all consumers. DOE has reviewed the comments concerning whether a 50 percent credit should be allowed for water heating dishwashers. Hobart presented data from customers who purchased water heating dishwashers. The data show that 40 percent of the people turned their thermostat setting on the water heater down after they purchased the dishwashers; 20 percent already had lowered their thermostat setting on the water heater; and 40 percent left the thermostat setting on the water heater alone because of the slow recovery time of the water heater, the longer cycling, time of the dishwasher, or the lack of information concerning the adjustability of water heater thermostat setting. Hobart commented that water heating dishwashers should not be penalized because of these problems. Furthermore, about 96 percent of people who lowered the water heater thermostat setting were satisfied with the performance of their dishwashers, 

### The basis for determining energy use should be that which is most representative for the majority of consumers. Manufacturers of water heating dishwashers generally recommend that the thermostat setting 9203

on the water heater be lowered to 120°F. Hobart's data show that the majority .01 consumers do operate water heating dishwashers at a reduced water heater thermostat setting. In order to determine measures of energy use that truly are representative for the majority of consumers, today's final rule prescribes a 100 percent credit for water heating dishwashers.
4. Test Load. Norris, Whirlpool, and Columbus Products Company (Columbus) commented that water heating dishwashers should be tested using a standard test load of dishes. These manufacturers believed that water heating dishwashers would use more energy when operated with a load of dishes than without. For example, tests for one water heating dishwasher conducted by NBS determined that, with a test load, the per cycle energy use increased by about 6.6 percent for 120°F inlet water. (See National Bureau of Standards, "Test Results for a Dishwasher with Reduced Inlet Water Temperature," February 1981.) Whirlpool commented that a test load is not burdensome, that the major dishwasher manufacturers have several sets of dishes in order to conduct the test as prescribed in AHAM Standard DW-1, and recommended that DOE prescribe this ARAM test load in the final rule. Norris presented test data for its water heating dishwashers as shown in Table 1. The data only includes the electrical energy used by the dishwasher and does not include the energy used by the water heater in heating the water. Under a test load, the electrical energy use increased by about 21 percent when 120°F water was used. It was not necessary to include the 'energy used by the water heater because the difference in the per cycle energy use is due to the presence of a dishload. The dishwasher would use the same amount of per cycle water energy consumption for a cycle with and without a load of dishes. Based upon this data, DOE believes that the energy use of water heating dishwashers is affected by the presence of a load of dishes. Today's final rule prescribes that water heating dishwashers shall be tested with a test load of dishes and that the test load shall be as specified in Section 6.1.1 of AHAM Standard DW-1, However, today's final rule prescribes that dishwashers which use 140°F water be tested without a test load. Testing by NBS had determined that the per cycle energy use for these dishwashers is not affected by the presence of a load of dishes. Testing with and without a load of dishes result in an insignificant 

### Federal Register 

## I Vol. 48.·No. 43 

## I Thursday, March S. 1983 

## I Rules and Regulations 9203

Accordingly. DOE has revised the proposed definition to reflect the

comn .,ntor's concerns. That definition provides:

''Waterheating dishwasher" means a dishwasher that can operate atnominal inlet
water temperature oflZO'Fby providing thermostatically-controlled intemal water heating in at least one washphase and one rinse phase ofthe nonnalcycle.



### D&M, Sears, and Whirlpool recommended that DOE delete the requirement ofno consumer interaction
to activate the internal water heater. These comrnenters believed thatthe

consumershould decide whether he
wants the internal waterheater activated during the normal cycle. Furthermore, D&M and Sears mentioned that their waterheating dishwashers have optional switches to override the thermostat to the internal waterheater ofthe dishwasher during the normal cycle to give the consumer added flexibility in washing dishes. The internal waterheater should beon continuously when the thermostat has been disengaged. These dishwashers might not q\lalify as waterheating dishwashers. Therefore, today's final rule deletes all requirements concerning

no consumer interaction in the definition for waterheating dishwashers.

GE commented that any dishwasher that could provide any amount ofheat during the normal cycle would qualify

as a waterheating dishwasher under the proposed definition. GE recommended that a minimum criteria regarding water heating capability be specified in order
to resolve this problem. Hobart recommended a definition which included the phrase "which provides internal waterheating during some portion ofthe washing period(s) ofthe nonnal cycle in orderto raise the water temperature to that recommended by detergent manufacturers (currently 140°F)." thi.; would specify that the
waterbe heated to a specific temperature, which in this case would be 140·F. Norris commented that 8 

### specified temperaturerise would be too restrictive. For example, some water heating dishwashers generate sleam in order to heat dishes. The steam directly heals the dishes and indirectly heats
water. A definition based on heating waler to a specified temperature could exclude these stearn dishwashers from the waler heating dishwasher category. DOE agrees that a specified temperature rise would restrict manufacturers' designs. Therefore. today's final rule does norinclude a requirement ofa specified temperature rise ofheating the
water used by a dishwasher. 3. WaterheatingDishwasherGredit. 

### The June 17. 1982 notice proposed a 50 percent credit for dishwashers that use 120°Finlet water. D&M. Sears, Whirlpool, andThe May tag Company (Maytag) agreed that a 50 percent credit 

### be allowed. D&M and Sears commenters stated that their dishwashers employ internal waterheating as an optional feature-the user can select to use the internal waterheaters. These
·commenters agreed with the rationale in 

### the proposed rule that proposed a 50 percent credit.

GE, Hobart, and Norris commented that the 50 percent credit would misinform consumers and advocated a 100 percent credit. They contended that

consumers are likely to either leave the thermostat settings for their water heaters at 14Q°F or lower the settings to 120°F, but are notlikely to repeatedly adjust the waterheater thermostat setting. The proposed averaging formula, based on 50 percent, would therefore result in measures ofenergy usage that

are notrepresentative·ofthe expected

. operating conditions for these

dishwashers. Norris commented that if the user followed the manufacturer's directions, his energy use would be lower; and if

### he did not lowerthe w.ater heater thermostat setting, his energy use would be higher. Determining the energy
use by an averaging formula, or by a partial credit, would misrepresent the
true energy use to all consumers.

DOE hasreviewed the comments concerning whether a 50

### percent credit should be allowed for waterheating dishwashers. Hobartpresented data from customers who purchased water heating dishwashers. The data show that 40 percent ofthe people turned their thermostat setting on the waterheater down after they purchased the diShwashers; 20 percent already had lowered their thermostat setting on the
water heater; and 40 percent left the thermostat setting on the waterheater alone becau.se ofthe slow recovery time ofthe waterheater, the longer cycling. time ofthe dishwasher. orthe lack of information concerning the adjustability ofwaterheater thermostat setting. Hobart commented thatwater heating dishwashers should notbe penalized because ofthese problems. Furthermore. about 96 

### percent ofpeople who lowered the water heater thermostat setting were satisfied with the performance oftheir dishwashers.

The basis for determining energy use should be that which is most representative for the majority of

consumers. Manufacturers ofwater heating dishwashers generally recommend that the thermostat setting on the water heaterbe lowered to 120°F. Hobart's data show that the majority.of

consumers do operate water heating dishwashers at a reduced water heater thermostat setting. In 

### order to determine

measures ofenergy use that truly are representative for the majority of
consumers, today's final rule prescribes

a 100 percent credit for waterheating dishwashers.

4. Test

### Load. 

### Norris, Whirlpool, and Columbus Prod).lcts Company (Columbus) commented that water heating dishwashers should be tested using a standard test load ofdishes. These manufacturers believed that
waterheating dishwashers would Dse

more energy when operated with a load of dishes than without. For example,
tests for one waterheating dishwasher conducted by NBS determined that, with

a test load, the per cycle energy use increased by about 6.6 percent for 1200

### P inletwater. (See 

### National Bureau of Standards, "Test Results for a Dishwasher with Reduced Inlet Water Temperature," February 1981.) Whirlpool commented that a test load is
not burdensome. that the major dishwasher manufacturers have several
sets of dishes in order to conduct the
test as prescribed in AHAM Standard OW-I, and recommended that DOE prescribe this AHAM testload in the final rule

..

Norris presented test data for its waterheating dishwashers as shown in 

### Table 1. The data only includes the electrical energy used by the dishwasher and does not include the energy used by the waterheater in heating the water. Under a test load, the electrical energy
use increasedby about 21 percent when 120·F water was used. It

### was not necessary to include the "energy usedby the water heaterbecause the difference in the per cycle energy use is due to the presence of

### Ii dishload. The dishwasher would use the same amount ofper cycle
water energy consumption for a cycle with and WitllOut a load ofdishes.

Based upon this data, DOE believes that the energy use ofwaterheating dishwashers is affected by the presence ofa load ofdishes. Today's final rule prescribes that waterheating dishwashers shall be tested with a test load of'dishes and that the test load shall be as specified in Section 6.1.1 of AHAM Standard OW-I.

However, today's final rule prescribes that dishwashers which use 140C

### Fwater be tested without a test load. Testing by NBS had determined that the per cycle energy use for these dishwashers is not affected by the presence of a load of dishes. Testing with and without a load ofdishes result in an insignificant

### 9204 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43 / Thursday, March 3, 1983 / Rules and Regulations

difference in energy use. (See the National Bureau of Standards, "Test Results for a Dishwasher with Reduced Inlet Water Temperature," February 1981.)

TABLE I .- ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE FOR
WATER HEATING DISHWASHERS

Inlet water (degeea Fahrenheit OEst4oad Electrical energy use (ktbwanicycte)

Model A Model B

0.634 0.767 0.637

0.773

5. Water Temperature

. Hobart and Maytag commented that the tolerance of -E5°F for the nominal 120°F inlet water specification could result in a large potential error in determining the estimated annual operating cost for water heating dishwashers

. Hobart also commented that a temperature range of 118°F to 122°F was granted in the GE test procedure waiver (47 FR 23543, May 28, 1982). In the GE waiver, it was determined that a tolerance of ±5°F could result in a 0.12 kWh per cycle variation in the total per-cycle energy consumption and in a 4.5 percent variation in the estimated annual operating cost

. A tolerance of f2°F was granted to Hobart in its waiver request for its Model KD

-19 dishwasher (45 FR 31343

, June 15

, 1981). Both Hobart and GE concurred that a tolerance of ±2°F was acceptable and not burdensome. DOE also believes that a tolerance of ±2°F is not burdensome

. The potential error for a tolerance of ±2°F would be less than 2 percent

. Therefore

, today's final rule specifies that the inlet water temperature be maintained between 118°F and 122°F for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120 °F inlet water temperature. Hobart and Maytag also commented that the tolerance of ±5°F for the nominal 140°F inlet water specification also be reduced

. Dishwashers that operate with 140°F inlet water typically do not have thermostatically-controlled water heaters

. The error introduced by the ±5°F tolerance is expected to be small because the energy usage during a cycle should be unaffected by variations in the inlet water temperature

. However, DOE has determined that a change to the ±5°F tolerance is not warranted. Thus, today's final rule specifies that the inlet water temperature be maintained between 135°F and 145°F for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 10°F inlet water temperature. 8. Per Cycle Water Energy Consumption. D&M commented that 'ishwashers generally use a rubber flow .asher to control the amount of water 

### used during a cycle

. The washer is contoured to flex under changes in water pressure. The washer may flex differently for 120°F inlet water than for 140°F inlet water. This could possibly result in different flow rates and consequently different water consumption values for 120°F inlet water compared to 140°F inlet water. D&M recommended that the per cycle water energy consumption be based on the average of the two flow rates. 

### DOE has reviewed the comment. However

, since today's final rule prescribes only the 120°F inlet water test for water heating dishwashers, there is no need to compute an average flow' rate.
7. Machine and Dishlood Temperature. Whirlpool commented that, at the end of a cycle, both the dishwasher and test load contain residual heat that will give dishwashers with thermostatically-controlled water heaters a "head start" if a new test is conducted immediately thereafter. Testing should be done done with the dishwasher and the test load initially at room temperature. Section 2.5 of the existing test procedure specifies that the, dishwasher be at room ambient temperature at the start of each test cycle. In today's final rule

, Section 2.5 has been expanded to include prescribing that the test load be at room ambient temperature at the start of each test cycle. 8. Performance Test. GE commented that the existing dishwasher test procedure does not measure dishwashing performance. The company stated that a performance test, which it believes is required under the Act, is mandatory in order to protect consumers from purchasing dishwashers with poor cleaning performance. GE further commented that such a performance test would be extremely difficult to develop and unduly burdensome to conduct. GE recommended that DOE rescind the existing dishwasher test procedure because it cannot measure dishwashing performance and, further, determine that no performance test can be developed which would not be unduly burdensome to conduct. This would result in no standardized testing procedure for dishwashers. Section 323(a)(4) of the Act states that test procedures shall be prescribed to determine the estimated annual operating cost and at least one other measure of energy consumption that is likely to assist consumers in making purchasing decisions. The Act does not require DOE to evaluate performance characteristics of a product in . developing test procedures. Testing by NBS, as well as by various manufacturers, has shown that the dishwasher test procedures do lead to results that are truly representative of the machine's energy use. Test procedures do provide materially appropriate comparative data to assist consumers in purchasing decisions. DOE has fulfilled the legislative requirements of the Act since the dishwasher test procedure does fairly and accurately test the energy use characteristics. Other manufacturers strongly disagreed with GE's contention that DOE should develop a performance test. Performance tests rely heavily on judgement factors such as visual acuity, attentiveness, tactile sensitivity, and test scoring experience

. Norris commented that dishwashing performance should best"ue left to the marketplace. DOE believes that it would be extremely difficult to quantify these subjective factors into one test that is easily repeatable (testing in one laboratory) and reproducible (testing among laboratories). Hobart commented that dishwashing performance can be determined in many ways. For example, in order to fully determine dishwashing performance, Hobart uses the following in-house tests: (1) A redeposit test; (2) a test for soil removal from light to heavy soils; {3) three soak tests for encrusted foods; (4) a consumer panel test; (5) a test for spotting and filming for natural and artificial soils; and (6) a drying performance test. These tests generally develop comparative rankings and are not easily repeatable nor reproducible. Hobart recommended that these types of performance tests be excluded from the dishwasher test procedure. In the past, test procedures have not included dishwashing performance: Hobart stated that dishwasher detergent manufacturers generally design their products for optimum cleaning performance for dishwashers that use 140°F inlet water. Therefore, DOE did not have to include a performance test for dishwashers that use 140°F inlet water because the dishwasher detergent manufacturers ensure that dishwashing performance with 140°F inlet water is clearly acceptable to consumers. Manufacturers have generally commented that dishwashing performance should be excluded from the dishwasher test procedure. DOE believes in allowing manufacturers to determine, for themselves, whether the dishwashing performance for water heating dishwashers is acceptable. A similar precedent for this concept has already been established in the definition of a normal cycle. The 

### 9204 Federal Register 

## I Vol. 48, No. 43 

## I Thursday, March 3, 1983 

## I Rules and Regulations

difference in energy use. (See the National Bureau ofStandards, "Test Results for a Dishwasher with Reduced Inlet WaterTemperature," February 1981.)

TABLE 1.-ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE FOR
WATER HEATING DISHWASHERS

Inlet water (degrees Fa/lr8nhBit) EleCtrical energy OIshk>ad use (kilowattlcycle)

Model A Model B

120.

_____ •

_____.... No.

__........ 0.634 0.637 120

....___ .__._._ ... y88

........_... 0.767 D.na



### 5. Water Temperature. Hobart and Maytag commented that the tolerance of ±5°Ffor the nominal 1200

### P inlet water specification could result in 

### a large potential errorin determining the estimated annual operating costfor
waterheating dishwashers. Hobart also commented that a temperature range of 118°F to 122°P was granted in the GE test procedure waiver (47 FR 23543, May 28, 1982). In the GE waiver, it

### was determined that a tolerance of ±5°P could result in a 0.12 kWh per cycle variation in the total.per

..cycle energy consumption and in a 4.5 percent variation in the estimated annual

.. operating cost. A tolerance of ±2°Fwas

granted to Hobart in its waiverrequest for its Model KD-19 dishwasher (45 FR 31343, June 15, 1981). Both Hobarl and GE concurred that a tolerance of ±ZOF

was acceptable and not burdensome. DOE also believes that a tolerance of ±2°Fis not burdensome. The potential

error for a tolerance of ±2'Fwould be Jess than 2percent. Therefore, today's fInal rule specifies that the inlet water temperature be maintained between 118°P and 122°F for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120°F inlet water temperature.

Hobart and Maytag also commented that the tolerance of ±5°Ffor the nominal 1400

### Pinlet water specification also be reduced. Dishwashers that operate with 140'P inlet water typically do not have thermostatically

..controlled. waterheaters. The error introduced by the ±5°F tolerance is expected to be small because the energy usage during a cycle should be unaffected by variations in the inlet water temperature. However, DOE has determined that a change to the ±5°F tolerance is not warranted. Thus, today's final rule specifies that the inlet water temperature be maintained between 135"F and 145°F for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 

### t to"F inlet watertemperature.

6. 

### Per Cycle WaterEnergy 

### Consumption. D&M commented that 'ishwashers generany use a rubber flow lasher to control the amount ofwater used during a cycle. The washeris contoured to flex under changes in walerpressure. The washer may flex differently for 120°F inlet water than for 140'F inlet water. This could possibly result in 

### different flow rates and consequently different water consumption values for 120·P inlet water compared t.O 140"P inlet water. D&M recommended that the per cycle water energy consumption be based on the average ofthe two flow rates.

DOE has reviewed the comment. However, since today's final rule prescribes only the 1200

### Pinlet water test for waterheating dishwashers, there is**~o** 

### need to compute an average flow' rate.

.

7. 

### Machine andDishload Temperature. Whirlpool commented that, at the end ofa cycle. both the dishwasher and test load contain residual heat that will give dishwashers with thermostatically-controlled water heaters a "head start" ifa new test is conducted immediately thereafter. Testing should be done done with the dishwasher and the test load initially at

room temperature. Section 2.5 ofthe existing test procedure specifies that the. dishwasher be atroom ambient temperature at the start ofeach test cycle. In today's final rule, Section 2.5 has been expanded to include prescribing that the testloadbe at room

. ambient temperature at the start ofeach
test cycle.

8. 

### Performance Test. GE commented that the existing dishwasher test procedure does not measure dishwashing performance. The company stated that a performance test, which it believes is required under the Act, is mandatory in order to protect

consumers from purchasing dishwashers with poor cleaning performance. GE further commented that such B 

### peirormance testwould be extremely difficult to develop and unduly burdensome to conduct. GE recommended that DOE rescind the existing dishwasher test procedure because it cannot measure dishwashing performance and, further. determine that
,no performance test can be developed which would not be unduly burdensome
to conduct. This would result in no standardized testing procedure for dishwashers.

Section 323(a)(4) ofthe Act states that
test procedures shall be prescribed to determine the estimated annual operating cost and at least one other

measure ofenergy consumption that is likely to assist consumers in making purchasing decisions. The Act does not require DOE to evaluate performance characteristics ofa product in

. developing test procedures. Testing by NBS, a8 well as byvarious manufacturers, has shown that the dishwasher test procedures do lead to results that are truly representative of 

### the machine's energy use. Test procedures do provide materially appropriate comparative data to assist

consumers in purchasing decisions. DOE has fulfilled the legislative requirements ofthe Act since the dishwasher test procedure does fairly and accurately
test the energy use characteristics.

Othermanufacturers strongly disagreed with GE's contention that DOE should develop a performance test. Performance tests rely heavily on judgement factors such as visual acuity, attentiveness, tactile sensitivity, and
test scoring experience. Norris commented that dishwasbing performance should best"Oe left to the marketplace. DOE believes that it would be extremely difficult to quantify these subjective factors into one test that is easily repeatable (testing in one laboratory) and reproducible (lesting among laboratories).

Hobart commented that dishwashing performance can be determined in many ways. For example, in order to fully determine dishwashing performance, Hobartuses the following in-house tests: (1) A redeposit test; (2) a test for soil removal from light to heavy soils; {3) three soak tests for encrusted foods; (4)

a consumer panel test; (5) a test for spotting and filming for natural and artifIcial soils; and (6) a drying performance test. These tests generally develop comparative rankings and are not easily repeatable nor,reproducible. Hobartrecommended that these types of performance tests be excluded from the dishwasher test procedure.

In the past, test procedures have not included dishwashing performance: Hobart stated that dishwasher detergent manufacturers generally design their products for optimum cleaning performance for dishwashers that use 140°F inlet water. Therefore, DOE did
not have to include a performance test for dishwashers that use 140·F inlet
waterbecause the dishwasher detergent manufacturers ensure that dishwashing performance with 140°F inlet water is clearly' acceptable to consumers.**Man~facturers** 

### have generally commented that dishwashing performance should be excluded from the dishwasher test procedure. DOE believes in allowing manufacturers to determine, for themselves, whether the dishwashing performance for water heating dishwashers is acceptable. A similar precedent for this concept has already been established in the definition of a normal cycle. The

### Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43 . / Thursday, March 3, 1983 / Rules and Regulations

dishwasher test procedure allows manufacturers to decide which cycle should be considered as the normal cycle for their dishwasher. Section 1.3 of the test procedure states that the normal cycle means the cycle type recommended by the manufacturer for completely washing a full load of normally soiled dishes, including the power-dry feature. 9. Commercial Standards. Today's final rule prescribes that a load of dishes be used when testing water heating dishwashers. One section from a commercial standard, ARAM Standard DW-1, is used to specify the test load. Under section 301 of the DOE Act, DOE is required to comply with section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (FEA Act) (Pub. L. 93-275). as amended by section 9 of 0' Federal Energy Administration Authca.ization Act of 1977 (Pub. L. 95-70). 

### Section 32 (a) and (b) of the FEA Act provide that: (a) If any proposed rule by the Administrator contains any commercial standards, or specifically authorizes or requires the use of any such standards, then any general notice of the proposed rulemaking shall: (1) Identify, by name, the organization which promulgated such standards; and (2) State whether or not, in the 

### judgment of the Administrator, such organization complied with the requirements of subsection (b) in the promulgation of such standards. (b) An organization complies with the requirements of this subsection in promulgating any commercial standards if. (1) It gives interested persons adequate notice of the proposed promulgation of the standards and an opportunity to participate in the promulgation process through the presentation of their views in hearings or meetings which are open to the public; (2) The membership of the organization at the time of the promulgation of the standards is sufficiently balanced so as to allow for the effective representation of all interested persons; (3) Before promulgating such standards, it makes available to the ,'public any records or proceedings of the organization, and any documents, letters, memorandums, and materials relative to such standards; and (4) It has procedures allowing interested persons to: (A) Obtain a reconsideration of any action taken by the organization relating to the promulgation of such standards, and (B) Obtain a review of the standards (including a review of the basis or adequacy of such standards). . The findings required of DOE by section 32 of the FEA Act serve to alert the public and DOE to the use and Background of commercial standards in a proposed rulemaking and, through the comment and hearing process, allow interested persons to make known their views regarding the appropriateness of the use of those particular commercial standards in that proposed rulemaking. Any negative finding does not reflect a determination by DOE of the advisability of using a particular standard for part of the test procedure regulation. As noted above, the final rule contains elements of a commercial standard, AHAM Standard DW-1, promulgated by a nongovernmental organization, ARAM. DOE has reviewed AHAM Standard DW-1 and determined that the standard was developed in a manner that comports with the requirements of Section 32(b) of the FEA Act. Moreover, in accordance with section 32(c), DOE has consulted with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission concerning the impact of this standard on competition before prescribing final test procedures. Both the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC have determined that this standard would have no adverse effect on competition. 10. Miscellaneous. After careful consideration of all comments and further consultation with NBS, DOE has incorporated into the final rule some. editorial and minor technical changes that were not discussed above. For example, the word "Administrator" is replaced by the word "Secretary" throughout section 430.22. Another change is that the specific heat of water is changed from 8.1966 to 8.20 Btu's per gallon per degree Fahrenheit, in section 4.2.1.

C. Environmental

, Regulatory Impact, and Small Entity Impact Reviews

1. Environmental Review. The Department has reviewed today's final rule in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 at seq.), the Council of Environmental Quality Regulations implementing the procedural provisions of NEPA (40 CFR Part 1500 et seq.), and the Department's own NEPA guidelines (45 FR 20694, March 28,1980, as amended by 47 FR 7976, Feb. 23, 1982) to determine if an environmental impact statement (EIS) or an environmental assessment (EA) is required. 

### 9205

Today's final rule serves only to standardize the measurement of energy
usage for dishwashers. The action of prescribing these revised test procedures will not result in any environmental impacts. Because it is clear that today' s final rule is not a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment within the meaning of NEPA, DOE has determined that neither an EA nor an EIS is required. 2. Regulatory Impact Review. The final rule has been reviewed in accordance with Executive Order 12291 which directs that all regulations achieve their intended goals without imposing unnecessary burdens on the economy, on individuals, on public or private organizations, or on State and local governments. The Executive Order also requires that regulatory impact analyses be prepared for "major rules. The Executive Order defines a major rule as any regulation that is likely to result in : (1) An annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more; (2) A major increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, Federal. State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions; or (3) Significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based enterprises to compete with foreignbased enterprises in domestic or export markets. . This final rule would only make minor changes in the test procedures for dishwashers. Therefore, DOE has determined that this final rule does not come within the definition of a major rule. In accordance with Section 3(c)(3) of the Executive Order, which applies to rules other than major rules, the final rule was submitted to OMB for review without a regulatory impact analysis. OMB has concluded its review in accordance with Section 3(3)(2)(C) of the Executive Order. 3. Small Entity Review. The Regulatory Flexibility Act (Pub. L. 96- 354) requires that an agency prepare a final regulatory analysis to be available at the time the final rule is published. This requirement does not apply if the agency "certifies that the final rule will not * * * have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities." This rule only affects manufacturers of dishwashers. There are not a substantial number of small entities that manufacture dishwashers. Moreover, the changes made would not have significant economic impacts, but rather 

### Federal Register 

## I Vol. 

### 48, No. 

### 43/ Thursday, March 3, 1983 

## I Rules and Regulations 9205

dishwasher test procedure allows manufacturers to decide which cycle should be considered 

### as the normal cycle for their dishwasher. Section 1.3 of the test procedure states that the normal cycle means the cycle type**recomm~nded** by the manufacturerfor completely washing a full load of normally soiled dishes. including the power-dry feature.



### 9. CommercialStandards. Today's final rule prescribes that a load of dishes be used when testing water heating dishwashers. One section from a commercial·standard. AHAM Standard DW-l. is used to specify the test load.

Under section 301 ofthe DOE Act. DOE is required to comply with section 32 of

### the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (PEA Act) (Pub. 

### L. 93-275).

as amended by section 9 of t).,."! Federal Energy AdministrationAuthrdzation Act of 1977 (Pub. L. 95-70).

Section 32 (a) and (b) ofthe FEA Act provide that:

.

(a) 

### Ifany proposed rule by the Administrator contains any commercial standards. or specifically authorizes or requires the use ofany such standards. then any general notice ofthe proposed rulemaking shall:

(1) Identify. by name. the organization which promulgated such standards; and

(2) State whether or not. in the judgment ofthe Administrator. such organization complied with the requirements ofsubsection (b) in the promulgation ofsuch standards.

(b) An organization complies with the requirements (If this subsection in promulgating any commercial standards if: (1) It gives interested persons adequate notice ofthe proposed promulgation ofthe standards and an opportunity to participate inthe promulgation process ·through the presentation oftheir views in hearings

or meetings which are open to the public;

(2) The membership ofthe organization at the time ofthe promulgation ofthe standards is sufficiently balanced so as to allow for the effective representation of all interested persons;

(3) Before promulgating such

,"tandards. it makes available to the .'public any records or proceedings ofthe organization. and any documents. letters. memorandums. and materials relative to such standards; and

(4) It has procedures allowing interested persons to:

(A) Obtain a reconsideration of any action taken by the organization relating
to the promulgation of such standards. and {B) Obtain a review ofthe standards (including a review ofthe basis or adequacy ofBuch standards).

.

The findings required ofDOE by section 32 ofthe PEA Act serve to alert the public and DOE to the use and Background ofcommercial standards in

a proposed rulemaking and. through the
comment and hearingprocess. allow interestedpersons to make known their views regarding the appropriateness of the use ofthose particular commercial standards in that proposed rulemaking. Any negative finding does not reflect a determination byDOE ofthe advisability ofusing a particular standard for part ofthe test procedure regulation.

As noted above. the final rule contains elements ofa commercial standard. AHAM StandardDW-l. promulgated by a nongovernmental organization. 

### AHAM. DOE has reviewed AHAM Standard DW-l and determined that the standard was developed in a

manner that comports with the requirements ofSection 3z(b) ofthe PEA Act. Moreover. in accordance with section 3Z(C). DOE has consulted with the Attorney General and the Chairman ofthe FederalTrade Commission concerning the impact ofthis standard

on competitionbefore prescribing final
test procedures. Both the Attorney General and the Chairman

# of the FTC have determined that this standard would have no adverse effect o·n competition.



### 10. Miscellaneous. After careful consideration ofall comments and further consultation with NBS. DOE has

. incorporated into the final rule some. editorial and minor technical changes that were not discussed above. For example. the word "Administrator" is replaced by the word "Secretary" throughout section 430.22. Another change is that the specific heat ofwater is changed from 8.1966 to 8.Z0 Btu's per gallon per degree Fahrenheit. in section 4.2.1.

C. Environmental. Regulatory Impact, and Small Entity Impact Reviews



### 1. EnvironmentalReview. The Department has reviewed today's final rule in accordance with the National" Environmental Policy Act of1969 (NEPA) (4.2 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). the Council ofEnvironmental Quality Regulations implementing the procedural provisions ofNEPA (40 CFR Part 1500 et seq.). and the Department's

own NEPA guidelines (45 FR Z0694. March 28. 1980. as amended by47 FR 7976. Feb. Z3. 1982) to determine ifan environmental impact statement (EIS) or

an environmental assessment (EA) is required. Today's fmal rule serves only to standardize the measurement ofenergy usage for dishwashers. The action of

. prescribing these revised test procedures 

### will notresult in any environmentalimpacts. Because it is clear that today's final rule is not a majorFederal action significantly affecting 

### the quality ofthe human environment within the meaning of NEPA. DOE has determined that neither

an EAnor anElS is reqUired.



### 2. RegulatoryImpact Review. The final rule has been reviewed in accordance with Executive Orqer 12291 which directs that all regulations achieve their intended goals without imposing unnecessary burdens on the
economy. on individuals. on public or private organizations. or on State and local governments. The Executive Order also requires that regulatory impact analyses be prepared for "majorrules."· The Executive Order defines 

### a major rule as any regulation that is likely to result in: (1) An annual effect on the
economy of$100 million ormore; (Z) A major increase 

### incosts or prices for

consumers. individual industries. Federal. State. or local government agencies. or geographic regions; or (3) Significant adverse effects on competition. employment, investment. productivity. innovation. or on the ability ofUnited States-based enterprises to compete with foreignbased enterprises in domestic or export markets

..

This final rule would only make minor changes in the test procedures for dishwashers. Therefore. DOE has determined that this final rule does not

come within the definition ofa major rule.

In accordance with Section 3(c)(3) of the Executive Order. which applies to rules other than majorrules. the final rule was submitted to Or-.ffi for review without a regulatory impact analysis. OMB has concluded its review in accordance with Section 3(3)(2)(C) of the Executive Order.



### 3. SmallEntityReview. The Regulatory Flexibility Act (Pub. L. 90- 354) requires that an agency prepare a final regulatory analysis to be available
at the time the final rule is published. This recwirement does not apply 

### ifthe
agency "certifies that the final rule will
not • • • have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities."

This rule only affects manufacturers of dishwashers. There are not a substantial number ofsmall entities that manufacture dishwashers. Moreover. the changes made would not have significant economic impacts. but rather

### 9206 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43 / Thursday, March 3, 1983 / Rules and Regulations

would reduce the testing burdens on all entities There.?re, pursuant to Section 605(b), DOE certifies that this final rule would not have a "significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 

### entities." List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430 Administrative practice and procedure, Energy conservation, Household appliances. 

### In consideration of the foregoing, Part 430 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, is amended as set forth below, effective April 4, 1983.

Issued in Washington, D.C., February 22, 1983. Joseph J. Tribble, Assistant Secretary, Conservation and 'denewable Energy.



### PART 430-ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS

Provisions of 10 CFl7 Part 430, § 430.22 and Appendix C are amended as follows:
Authority: Sect. 323, Pub. L. 94-163, 89 Stet. 917 as amended by Pub. L. 95-619, 92 Stat. 3268 (42 U.S.C. 6293).

1430

.22 [Amended] 1. Section 430.22 paragraph (c) Is amended by removing the words "416 cycles per year" and inserting, in their place, the words "322 cycles per year" in the following places: (a) Section 430.22(c)(1)(i); (b) Section 430.22(c)(1)(ii); (c) Section 430.22(c)(2)(i); and (d) Section 430.22(c)(2)(ii). 2. Section 430.22 paragraphs (a) through (o) are amended by removing the word "Administrator" and inserting, in its place, the word "Secretary." 3. Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430- Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers

1. Definitions.-1.1 "Cycle" means a sequence of operations of a dishwasher which performs a complete dishwashing operation, and may include variations or combinations of the functions of washing, rinsing and drying. 1.2 "Cycle type" means any complete sequence of operations capable of being preset on the dishwasher prior to the initiation of machine operation. 1.3 "Normal cycle" means the cycle type recommended by the manufacturer for completely washing a full load of normally soiled dishes including the power-dry feature.' 1.4 "Power-dry feature" means that function in a cycle in which electrically generated heat is introduced into the washing chamber for the purpose of improving the drying performance of the dishwasher. 1.5 "Truncated normal cycle " means the normal cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the termination of the last rinse operation. 1.8 "Water heating dishwasher" means a dishwasher that can operate at a nominal inlet water temperature of 120°F by providing thermostatically-controlled internal water heating in at least one wash phase and one rinse phase of the normal cycle. 2. Testing conditions.-2.1 Installation. Install the dishwasher in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction, except that undercounter dishwashers need not be installed under a counter.
2.2 Electrical supply. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher within two percent of 115 volts and within one percent of its nameplate frequency as specified by the manufacturer. 2.3 Water temperature. 2.3.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal140°F inlet water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 135°F and 145°F. 2.3.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120°F inlet water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 118°F and 122°F. 2.4 Water pressure

. Maintain the pressure of the water supply between 32.5 and 37.5 pounds per square inch. 2.5 Ambient and machine temperature. Maintain the room ambient air temperature between 70°F and 85°F, and assure that the dishwasher and the test load are at room ambient temperature at the start of each test cycle. 2.6 Load 2.6.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 140°F inlet water temperature. The dishwasher shall be tested on the normal cycle and the truncated normal cycle without a test load. 2.6.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal120°Finlet water temperature. The dishwasher shall be tested on the normal cycle and the truncated normal cycle with a test load as specified in section 6.1.1 of ARAM Standard DW-1. 3. Test cycle and measurements. 3.1 Test cycle. Perform a test cycle by establishing the testing conditions set forth in 2 of this Appendix, setting the dishwasher to the cycle type to be tested

, initiating the cycle and allowing the cycle to proceed to completion. _ 3.2 Machine electrical energy consumption. 3.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140°Finlet water temperature, only. Measure the machine electrical energy consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply temperature as set forth in 2.3.1 of this Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour meter having a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatt hours and a maximum error no greater than one percent. 3.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water temperature of 120°F. Measure the machine electrical energy consumption, Me, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply temperature as set forth in 2.3.2 of this Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour meter having a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatthours and a maximum error no greater than one percent. 3.3 Water consumption

. Measure the water consumption specified as the number of gallons delivered to the dishwasher during the entire test cycle

, using a water meter having a resolution no larger than 0.1 gallon and a maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent for all water flow rates from one to five gallons per minute and for all water temperatures encountered in the test cycle. 3.4 Report values. State the reported values of machine electrical energy consumption and water consumption as measured. 4. Calculation of derived results from test measurements.-4.1 Per-cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water. 4.1.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140°Finlet water temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per-cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water

, We, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as: - W,=VXTXK°

where V=reported water consumption in gallons per cycle for the cycle type under test. T=nominal water heater temperature rise = 90°F. K=specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree Fahrenheit=0.00240.

4.1.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water temperature of 120°F. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water, We, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:

We=VXT'XK
where
V and K are defined in 4.1.1 of this Appendix and T'=nominal water heated temperature rise=70°F.

4.2 Per cycle water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated water. 4.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140°Finlet water temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the percycle water energy consumption using gasheated or oil-heated water, We, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as: We=VXTXC/e. where
V and T are defined in 4.1

.1 of this Appendix, and C=specific heat of water in Btu's per gallon per degree fahrenheit=8.20 e=nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency =0.75.

4.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water temperature of 120'F Calculate for the cycle type under test the percycle water energy consumption using gas

### 9206 Federal Register 

## I Vol. 48, No. 43 

## I Thursday, 

### March 3, 1983 

## I Rules and Regulations

would reduce the testing burdens on all entities

.

There'i;?re, pursuant to Section 605(b). DOE certifies that this final rule would
not have a "significant economic impact

on a substantial number ofsmall entities."

List 

### ofSubjects in 10 CFR 

### Part430



### Administrative practice and procedure. Energy conservation. Household appliances.

In consideration ofthe foregoing, Part 430 

### ofChapter II 

### ofTitle 10, Code of Federal Regulations. is amended as set forth below. effective April 4. 1983.

Issued in Washington. D.C., February 22, '1963. Joseph

### J. Tribble, AssistantSecretary, Conservation and '-tenewableEnergy.

PART 430-ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS



### Provisions of 10 CFR Part 430, § 

### 430.22 and Appendix C are amended as follows:

Authority: Sect. 323, Pub. L. 94-163. 89 Stat. 917 as amended by Pub. 1.. 95-619. 92 Stat. 3266 (42 U.S.C. 6293J.

§430.22 [Amended]



### 1. Section 430.22 paragraph (c) is amended by removing the words "416 cycles per year" and inserting. in their place. the words "322 cycles per year" in the following places:

(a) Section 430.22(c)(1)(i);

. (b) Section 430.22(c)(1)(ii); (c) Section 430.22(c)(2)(i); and (d) Section 430.22[c)(2)(ii). 2. Section 430.22 paragraphs (a) through (0) 

### are amended by removing the word "Administrator" and inserting. in its place, the word "Secretary."

3. Appendix C to Subpart B 

### ofPart 430 is 

### revised to read as follows: Appendix C to Subpart B 

### ofPart430- Uniform Test Method for 

### Measuring the Energy Consumption ofDishwashers

1. Definitions.-l.1 "Cycle" means a sequence ofoperations ofa dishwasher which performs a complete dishwashing operation, and may include variations or combinutions ofthe functions ofwashing. rinsing IInd drying.

1.2 "Cycle type" means any complete
sequence ofoperations capable ofbeing preset on the dishwasherprior to the initiation ofmachine operation.

1.3 "Normal cycle" means the cycle type recommended by the manufacturer for (completely washing a full load ofnormally soiled dishes including the power-dry feature

..

1.4 "Power-dry feature" means that function in a cycle in which.electrlcally generated heat is introduced into the washing chamberfor the purpose ofimproving the drying performance ofthe dishwasher.

1.5 "Truncatednormal cycle"means the normal cycle interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature afterthe termination ofthe last rinse operation.

.

1.6 "Water heating dishwasher" means a dishwasher that can operate at a nominal inlet water temperature of 120°F byproviding thermostatically-controlled internal water heating in at least one wash phase and one rinse phase ofthe normal cycle.



## z. Testing conditions.-Z.l Installation. Install the dishwasher in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction, exceptthat undercounter dishwashers need notbe installed under a counter.

2.2 Electricalsupply. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasherwithin
two percent of 115 volts and within one percent ofits nameplate frequency as specified by the manufacturer.

Z.3 Watertemperature. Z.3.1 Dishwashers to be testedata nominal14O"Finlet water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 135'F and 145°F.

2.3.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120'Finlet water temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 118'Fand 122'F.

2.4 Waterpressure. Maintain the pressure ofthe water supplybetween 32.5 and 37.5 pounds per square inch.

2.5 Ambient andmachine temperature. Maintain the room ambient air temperature between 70°F and as·F, and assure that the dishwasher and the test load are at room ambient temperature at the start ofeach test cycle.

2.6 Load 2.6.1 Dishwashers to be testedat a nominall4U'Finlet water temperature. The dishwasher shall be tested onthe normal cycle and the truncated normal cycle without

a test load.

2.8.2 Dishwashers to be testedata nominallZ()"Finlet watertemperature. The dishwasher shall be tested on the normal cycle and the truncated normal cycle with a testload as specified in section 6.1.1 of AHAM StandardDW-1.

3. Test cycle andmeasurements. 3.1 Test cycle. Perform a test cycle by establishing the testing conditions set forth in 2 ofthis Appendix, setting the dishwasher to the cycle type to be tested, initiating the cycle and allowing the cycle to proceed to completion.

3.2 Machine electricalenergy consumption.

3.2.1 Dishwashers thatoperate with a nominal 140' Finlet watertemperature, only. Measure the machine electrical energy consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours ofelectrical energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply temperature as set forth in 2.3.1 ofthis Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hourmeter having

a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatt hours and a maximum error no greater than

one percent.

3.2.Z Dishwashers thatoperate with a nominalinlet watertemperature oI1Zl1',F. Measure the machine electrical energy consumption, Me, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours ofelectrical energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply temperature as setforth in 2.3.2 ofthis Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour meter having

a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatthours and a maximum errorno greater than

onepercent.

3.3 Water consumption. Measure the water consumption specified as the number of gallons delivered to the dishwasher during the entiretest cycle, using a watermeter having a resolution no larger than 0.1 gallon and a maximum error no greater than 1.5 percentfor all water flow rates from one to five gallons per minute and for all water temperatures encountered in the test cycle.

. 3.4 Report values. State the reported values ofmachine electrical energy consumption and water consumption as measured.

4. Calculation of derivedresultsfrom test measurements.-4.1Per-cycle waterenergy consumption using electricallyheatedwater.

4.1.1 Dishwashers thatoperate with 

### a nominal 14()"Finlet watertemperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per-cyc1e water energy consumption using electrically heated water, We, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:

-**W.=VxT~I<.** where V = reported water consumption in gallons
per cycle for the cycle type under test. T=nominal water heater temperature rise= 90°F. K=specific heat ofwaterin kilowatt-hours
pergallon per degree Fahrenheit=O.OOZ40.
4.1.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominalinlet water temperature oflZ(fF. Calculatefor the cycle type under test the per cycle water energy consumption using electricallyheated water, We, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and dermed as:
We==VXT'xK where

V and K sre defmed in4.1.1 ofthis Appendix and T'=nominal water heated temperature rise=?O'F.

4.2 Percycle waterenergy consumption usinggas-heatedoroil-heoted water. 4.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 14U' Finlet water temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per cycle water energy consumption using gasheated or oil-heatedwater, We, expressed in Btu's percycle and defined a,:**We=V~TxC/e.** where V andT are defmed in 4.1.1 ofthis Appendix, and C=specific heat ofwaterin Btu's per gallon
per degree fahrenheit=8.20 e=nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency=0.75.
4,2.Z Dishwashers that operate with a nominalinlet water temperature oflZ()"F. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per cycle water energy consumption using gas-

### Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 43 / Thursday, March 3, 1983 / Rules and Regulations

heated or oil-heated water, Wg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
W,=VxT'XC/e

where V and T' are defined in 4.1.2 of this Appendix, and C and a are defined in 4.2.1 of this Appendix.

4.3 Per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption. 4.3.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 14O°Finlet water temperature, only. Use the measured value recorded in 3.2.1 as the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle.
442 'Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water temperature of 120°F. Use the measured value recorded in 3.2.2 as the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, in, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle. 4.4 Total per-cycle energy consumption. Calculate for the cycle type under test the total per-cycle energy consumption, E,' expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle, and defined as the sum of the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, plus the per-cycle water energy consumption of electrically-heated water, W, calculated for the cycle type, determined according to 4.3 and 4.1 respectively.

IFR Doc. 83-5255 Filed 3-2-83 ; 8:45 amj

BILLING CODE 8450-01-M 

### 9207 

### Federal Register 

## I Vol 48, 

### No. 43 

## I Thursday, March 3, 1983 

## I Rules 

### and Regulations

heated oroil-heated water, Wg, expressed In Btu's per cycle and defined as:

. W.,=V X T' X Cle where V and T' are defined in 4.1.2 ofthis

. Appendix, and C and e are defined in 4.2.1 ofthis Appendix.
4.3 per-cycle machine electricalenergy consumption.

4.3.1 Dishwashers thatoperate with a nominal1411' Finlet watertemperature, only. Use the measured value recorded in3.2.1 as the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, 

### M. expressed in kilowatt-hours
per cycle.

4.3.2 •Dishwashers thatoperate with a nominalinlet watertemperature of 120" F. Use the measured value recorded In 3.2.2 as the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, m, expressed in kilowatt-hours
percycle.

4.4 Totalper-cycle energyconsumption. Calculate for the cycle type under lest the total per-cycle energy consumption, E; expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle, and defined as the sum ofthe per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, 

### M. plua the per-cycle water energy consumption of electrically-heated waler, W. calculated for the cycle type, determined according to 4.3 and 4.1 respectively.

(FR Doc.**~255** Filed 3-z...B3: 8:45 am)
BILLING CODE**64~1-M** 

### 9207