Staff Report

Proposed Updates to the 1997 8-Hour Ozone Standard

State Implementation Plans:

Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert

8-hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas

Release Date: September 22, 2014

Hearing Date: October 24, 2014
Electronic copies of this report are online at http://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/sip.htm. 

Alternatively, paper copies may be obtained from the Visitors and Environmental 

Services Center of the Air Resources Board, located at 1001 I Street, Sacramento, 

California 95814, or by contacting ARB’s Office of Communications at (916) 322-2990.

For individuals with sensory disabilities, this document is available in Braille, large print, 

audiocassette, or compact disc. Please contact ARB’s Disability Coordinator at 

(916) 323-4916 by voice or through the California Relay Services at 711 to place your 

request for disability services. If you are a person with limited English and would like to 

request interpreter services, please contact ARB’s Bilingual Manager at (916) 323-7053.

This document has been prepared by the staff of the Air Resources Board. Publication 

does not signify that the contents reflect the views and policies of the Air Resources 

Board, nor do trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or 

recommendation for use.

Please send written comments to:

Carol Sutkus, Manager

South Coast Air Quality Planning Section

Air Resources Board

P.O. Box 2815

Sacramento, California 95812

Phone: (916) 322-1229

Email: csutkus@arb.ca.gov

For general questions, contact:

Dr. Scott King, Air Pollution Specialist

South Coast Air Quality Planning Section

Phone: (916) 322-2832

Email: sking@arb.ca.gov

Or

Monica Lewis, Air Pollution Specialist

South Coast Air Quality Planning Section

Phone: (916) 324-2716

Email: mlewis@arb.ca.gov
Table of Contents

 

I. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1

Staff Recommendation ............................................................................................. 2

II. COACHELLA VALLEY UPDATE.............................................................................. 3

Emission Inventory Update....................................................................................... 3

Attainment Demonstration Update............................................................................ 4

Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Update.............................................. 5

Transportation Conformity Budgets Update ............................................................. 6

Ozone Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Demonstration ............................................... 7

III. WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT UPDATE................................................................. 8

Emission Inventory Update....................................................................................... 8

Attainment Demonstration Update............................................................................ 9

Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Update............................................ 10

Transportation Conformity Budgets Update ........................................................... 10

Ozone Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Demonstration ............................................. 11

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Updated Emission Inventory .............................................................A-1

Appendix B: Attainment Demonstration.................................................................B-1

Appendix C: Reasonable Further Progress .......................................................... C-1

Appendix D: Transportation Conformity Budgets.................................................. D-1

Appendix E: Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Demonstration ...................................E-1
1

I. INTRODUCTION

On September 16, 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 

promulgated an 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS or 

standard) of 0.08 parts per million (ppm). When designating the nonattainment areas 

for this standard in 2004, U.S. EPA split the former Southeast Desert 1-hour ozone 

nonattainment area. The Riverside County portion of the Southeast Desert became the 

Coachella Valley 8-hour ozone nonattainment area (Coachella Valley), while the 

Southwestern portion of San Bernardino County and the northeastern portion of 

Los Angeles County became the Western Mojave Desert 8-hour nonattainment area 

(Western Mojave Desert). These areas were given different classifications by U.S. EPA,

with the Coachella Valley classified as serious and the Western Mojave Desert 

classified as moderate.

The Clean Air Act (Act) requires states with nonattainment areas to prepare and submit

State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to demonstrate how the areas will attain air quality 

standards. State law assigns the Air Resources Board (ARB) the primary responsibility 

to ensure California's compliance with the Act. Traditionally, ARB shares that 

responsibility with local air districts through regulatory actions, incentive programs, and 

defined SIP commitments for further action to achieve emission reductions necessary 

for attainment of the standard. The State also has an expectation that the federal 

government will provide necessary emission reductions from sources under U.S. EPA’s 

authority.

In 2007 and 2008, ARB submitted SIPs to U.S. EPA for the Coachella Valley (2007 

Coachella Valley Plan) and the Western Mojave Desert (2008 Western Mojave Desert 

Plan). These plans included requests that U.S. EPA reclassify both areas to 

appropriate classifications given the amount of ozone and ozone precursors transported 

into the areas from the South Coast Air Basin and the much longer deadline the South 

Coast Air Basin has to reduce emissions and attain the standard. 

The 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan included 

updated air quality data, emission inventories, control strategies (based on State, local, 

and federal measures), modeled attainment demonstrations, reasonable further 

progress (RFP) demonstrations, and contingency measures.

The attainment demonstrations in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and the 2008 

Western Mojave Desert Plan outlined strategies for achieving the 1997 8-hour ozone

standard in the Coachella Valley and the Western Mojave Desert. The attainment 

demonstration relied on the statewide measures and commitments in California's 2007 

State Implementation Plan for Federal PM2.5 and 8-Hour Ozone Standards (2007 State 

Strategy) to provide the needed reductions. Since 2007, ARB has adopted and 

implemented measures from the 2007 State Strategy.

The 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan included 

RFP demonstrations using U.S. EPA guidance at that time. That guidance allowed 

emission reductions from sources outside the nonattainment areas to show progress 
2

toward attainment. U.S. EPA later determined that using emissions from sources 

outside a nonattainment area was inappropriate for RFP purposes, and revised its RFP 

policy to limit emission reductions to sources within a nonattainment area. 

ARB is revising the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan 

(2014 Update) to reflect the new U.S. EPA guidance for the RFP demonstration and

updated emission inventories. The 2014 Update demonstrates that the required RFP 

milestones are met through adopted measures along with additional emission reductions 

needed to meet the RFP contingency requirement. The 2014 Update includes updated 

emission inventories, attainment demonstrations, RFP demonstrations, new transportation 

conformity budgets, and provides vehicle miles traveled (VMT) offsets demonstrations.

The 2014 Update demonstrates that the adopted regulations will provide the emission 

reductions necessary to achieve attainment of the 0.08 ppm 8-hour ozone standard in 

the Coachella Valley and the Western Mojave Desert nonattainment areas by their 

attainment date and meet RFP requirements in the milestone years. The 2014 Update 

also sets transportation conformity budgets for 2014, 2017 and 2018, and includes VMT 

offset demonstrations based on guidance issued by U.S. EPA in August 2012. 

Staff Recommendation

Staff recommends that the Board adopt the proposed 2014 Update for the 2007 

Coachella Valley Plan and the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan as a revision to the 

California SIP.
3

II. COACHELLA VALLEY UPDATE

The 2014 Update revises the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan that was adopted and 

submitted to U.S. EPA as a SIP revision on November 28, 2007. The 2007 Coachella 

Valley Plan outlined a strategy for achieving the 1997 0.08 ppm 8-hour ozone standard

in the Coachella Valley. The 2007 Coachella Valley Plan also included a request that 

U.S. EPA reclassify the Coachella Valley to severe-15. On May 5, 2010, U.S. EPA 

approved the reclassification to severe-15 but did not take action on the attainment 

demonstration or other planning requirements of the Act (such as the RFP

demonstration). The 2014 Update provides information to support U.S. EPA approval of 

the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan.

Emission Inventory Update

An emission inventory is a critical tool used to evaluate, control, and mitigate air 

pollution. The emission inventory is a systematic listing of the sources of air pollutants 

along with the amount of pollutants emitted from each source or category over a given 

time period. For ozone, the emission inventory is a summer season inventory, which 

reflects the activity levels and conditions present when higher ozone levels occur in the 

Southern California region. 

Appendix A contains a detailed inventory of the two ozone precursors, reactive organic 

gases (ROG) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), for the Coachella Valley. The 2007 

Coachella Valley Plan relied in part on emission reduction commitments from the 2007 

State Strategy. Mobile sources are the largest contributors to ozone-forming emissions 

in the Coachella Valley. Adoption of the ARB in-use fleet rules for on-road trucks and 

off-road equipment provided the emission reductions needed to meet this commitment. 

The emission inventory has been updated to incorporate the benefits of these rules as 

well as other adopted rules post 2007, new economic forecasts, and updated 

transportation activity projections provided by the Southern California Association of 

Governments (SCAG). The 2014 Update demonstrates that emissions expressed as 

tons per day (tpd) are lower than assumed in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan (Table 1). 
4

Table 1

Coachella Valley 

Change in Emission Inventory between the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and the 

2014 Update

Total ROG Inventory 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

2007 Inventory (tpd) 22 20 19 18 18 18

2014 Inventory (tpd) 23 18 15 15 15 15

Percentage ROG change from 

2007 2% -11% -20% -19% -17% -17%

Total NOx Inventory 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

2007 Inventory (tpd) 52 44 37 31 26 24

2014 Inventory (tpd) 43 31 24 21 18 17

Percentage NOx change from 

2007 -16% -30% -36% -31% -30% -31%

Attainment Demonstration Update

The 2007 Coachella Valley Plan used photochemical modeling to demonstrate that the 

proposed emission reduction strategy would result in the level of reductions necessary 

to bring the Coachella Valley into attainment for the 0.08 ppm 8-hour ozone standard by 

2018, the attainment deadline for severe-15 nonattainment areas. 

The modeling used in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan determined the percentage of 

emission reductions needed from the base year for the Coachella Valley to reach 

attainment (20% ROG and 53% NOx). The analysis in the 2014 Update verifies that the 

emission reductions in the new inventory (30% ROG and 59% NOx) exceed the 

percentage of emission reductions calculated in the modeled attainment demonstration 

from the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan (Table 2).

Table 2 

Reductions from the 2002 base year to the 2018 attainment year 

in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and 2014 Update

ROG NOx

2007 Coachella Valley 

Plan Inventory

2002 (tpd) 22 52

2018 (tpd) 18 24

2007 Percentage Reductions 20% 53%

2014 Update Inventory 2002 (tpd) 23 43

2018 (tpd)*

16 18

2014 Percentage Reductions** 30% 59% *

Includes transportation conformity budgets safety margin (see Appendix D)

**Percentages may be slightly different due to rounding
5

Since the revised inventory changed both the base year and attainment year emission 

estimates, the 2014 Update attainment analysis, to be conservative, recalculates the 

attainment target by applying the percentage of NOx and ROG emission reductions 

needed in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan to the updated inventory, resulting in new 

NOx and ROG emission targets, expressed as tons per day. Those targets are then 

compared to the updated inventory, which includes the effects of new rules, to assess 

current progress toward attainment of the standard. The analysis is detailed in 

Appendix B. It shows that adopted controls will provide the new ROG and NOx 

reductions needed, from 2002 levels, to attain the standard. 

Ozone in the Coachella Valley is significantly affected by emissions transported from 

the South Coast Air Basin. While the updated Coachella Valley inventory predicts that 

emissions will meet their attainment targets before the 2018 deadline, the attainment 

target of 2018 has been retained due to the extent of transported emissions into the 

Coachella Valley from the South Coast Air Basin. 

Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Update

The Act requires RFP demonstrations to ensure that between the base year and the 

attainment year, an area is making continued and steady progress toward attaining air 

quality standards. 

Section 182(b)(1)(A) of the Act requires nonattainment areas classified as moderate

and above to achieve a 15 percent reduction of ROG within six years of the 

nonattainment designation. Section 182(c)(2)(B) requires further emission reductions of 

ROG or NOx, in areas classified as serious and above, of three percent per year after 

the initial six year period. Finally, the RFP demonstration must also include contingency 

emission reductions available if an area fails to meet the required milestone year 

emission reduction targets. 

The 2007 Coachella Valley Plan submittal to U.S. EPA demonstrated RFP in 

accordance with U.S. EPA’s implementation rule and guidance at the time, which

allowed the inclusion of ozone precursor emissions transported from upwind areas. 

Since that time, U.S. EPA determined it was no longer appropriate to include emissions 

from sources outside the nonattainment area in the RFP demonstration and revised its 

RFP policy to limit emission reductions to sources within the nonattainment area. 

ARB staff has revised the RFP demonstration using the newly updated emissions 

inventory and reflecting the most recent U.S. EPA implementation rule and technical 

guidance, which no longer allow the inclusion of upwind transport area emission 

reductions. 

Appendix C demonstrates that the Coachella Valley nonattainment area meets the RFP 

targets in all milestone years. 
6

Transportation Conformity Budgets Update

Transportation conformity is a provision of the Act that requires transportation planning 

agencies to demonstrate that their transportation plans, funding programs, and projects 

are consistent with or conform to the SIPs purpose of achieving expeditious attainment 

of the standards. The Act distinguishes transportation actions [those undertaken by the 

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or the Federal Transit Administration (FTA)] 

from all other federal actions.

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) must make findings that the regional 

transportation plans (RTPs) and transportation improvement programs (TIPs) conform 

to the SIP. They submit this conformity finding along with the RTP and TIP to FHWA 

and FTA for approval. The conformity finding must demonstrate that the emissions 

associated with the RTP and TIP do not exceed “emission budgets” that are contained 

in the SIP. An emissions budget is the maximum level of emissions from on-road motor 

vehicles that ensures an area makes progress toward clean air and ultimately meets air 

quality standards by the mandated deadline.

The ARB Early Progress Plans Demonstrating Progress Toward Attaining the 8-hour 

National Air Quality Standard for Ozone and Setting Transportation Conformity Budgets 

for Ventura County, Antelope Valley-Western Mojave Desert, Coachella Valley, Eastern 

Kern County, Imperial County was submitted to U.S. EPA on March 24, 2008. The 

U.S. EPA published an adequacy finding on the Coachella Valley motor vehicle 

emissions budgets on May 5, 2008, effective May 20, 2008. Transportation conformity 

budgets were established for ROG and NOx using the California EMissions FACtor 

Model (EMFAC 2007) and included off-model reductions from adopted rules not

reflected in EMFAC 2007.

The updated emission budgets have been developed with EMFAC 2011 using the latest 

SCAG VMT data and speed distributions where available. On March 6, 2013, U.S. EPA 

approved the use of this latest version of the California EMFAC model for use in SIP 

development. 

The updated transportation conformity budgets include a safety margin to provide 

flexibility to adjust for uncertainties that may affect on-road mobile emission estimates. 

The safety margin has been included in both the RFP and attainment demonstrations 

(see Appendix B and C). 

The updated transportation conformity budgets are applicable to the federal 0.08 ppm 

8-hour ozone standard for the Coachella Valley, and ensure that on-road emissions will 

be consistent with the attainment demonstration in future years. This technical revision 

of the transportation conformity budgets accounts for the current emission inventory 

included in this update, and includes transportation conformity budgets for the years 

2014, 2017, and 2018 (see Appendix D).
7

Ozone Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Demonstration 

Section 182(d)(1)(A) of the Act requires that SIPs for areas classified as severe and 

above include a demonstration that “...identifies and adopts specific enforceable 

transportation control strategies and transportation control measures to offset any 

growth in emissions from growth in vehicle miles traveled or numbers of vehicle trips in 

such area....”.1 Appendix E to this 2014 Update includes a VMT offset demonstration 

for the Coachella Valley that complies with the Act by demonstrating that emission 

increases due to VMT growth in the SIP timeframe are appropriately offset by 

transportation control strategies and transportation control measures. 

 

1

42 U.S. Code 7511A
8

III. WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT UPDATE

The 2014 Update revises the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan that was adopted and 

submitted to U.S. EPA as a SIP revision on July 22, 2008. The 2008 Western Mojave 

Desert Plan outlined a strategy for achieving the 1997 0.08 ppm 8-hour ozone standard

in the Western Mojave Desert. 

In 2008, photochemical modeling of the Mojave Desert Air Basin indicated that the 

Western Mojave Desert, then classified as a moderate nonattainment area, would not 

meet the emission reduction target required for attainment of the standard by the 

moderate attainment deadline. The 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan demonstrated 

that the proposed emission reduction strategy would bring the Western Mojave Desert 

into attainment by 2020, the attainment deadline for severe-17 nonattainment areas. 

The 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan therefore included a request that U.S. EPA 

reclassify the Western Mojave Desert from moderate to severe-17. 

U.S. EPA later determined that the Act only allowed reclassification to severe-15 and 

not severe-17. This determination was based on section 181(b)(3) of the Act that 

permits reclassification only to the classifications listed in Table 1 of the Act section 

181(a), which does not include severe-17.2 On March 14, 2012, ARB requested that 

U.S. EPA reclassify the Western Mojave Desert from moderate to severe-15 rather than 

severe-17. On June 7, 2012, U.S. EPA reclassified Western Mojave Desert to 

severe-15 but did not take action on the attainment demonstration or other planning 

requirements of the Act, such as the RFP demonstration. The 2014 Update provides 

information to support U.S. EPA approval of the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan.

Emission Inventory Update

An emissions inventory is a critical tool used to evaluate, control, and mitigate air 

pollution. The emissions inventory is a systematic listing of the sources of air pollutants 

along with the amount of pollutants emitted from each source or category over a given 

time period. For ozone, the emissions inventory is a summer season inventory which 

reflects the activity levels and conditions present when higher ozone levels occur in the 

Southern California region. 

Appendix A contains a detailed inventory of the two ozone precursors, reactive organic 

gases (ROG) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), for the Western Mojave Desert. The 

inventory has been updated since the previous submission to U.S. EPA as part of the 

2007 State Strategy. The updated inventory incorporates implementation of control 

measures since 2007, new economic forecasts, and updated transportation activity 

projections provided by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 

The 2014 Update demonstrates that emissions are lower than assumed in the 2008 

Western Mojave Desert Plan (Table 3). 

 

2 FR 66, Number 217, 56476-56484
9

Table 3

Western Mojave Desert

Change in Emission Inventory between the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan

and the 2014 Update

Total ROG Inventory 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018 2020

2007 Inventory 71 71 70 70 71 71 73

2014 Inventory 71 63 56 54 55 55 56

Percentage ROG change from 

2007 0% -11% -20% -22% -23% -23% -24%

Total NOx Inventory 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018 2020

2007 Inventory 184 168 151 138 129 127 125

2014 Inventory 168 123 94 89 85 82 79

Percentage NOx change from 

2007 -8% -26% -38% -35% -34% -35% -36%

Attainment Demonstration Update

The modeling used in the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan determined the percentage 

of emission reductions needed from the base year of 2002 for the Western Mojave 

Desert to reach attainment in 2020 (-2% ROG, 32% NOx). With the classification 

change to severe-15, the attainment year in the 2014 Update is 2018. The analysis in 

the 2014 Update demonstrates that the Western Mojave Desert achieves a greater 

percentage of emission reductions by 2018 (23% ROG, 51% NOx) than the percentage 

reductions needed as determined by the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan to attain in 

2020, the attainment year in the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan (Table 4).

Table 4

Reductions from the 2002 base year to the 2018 attainment year 

in the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan and 2014 Update

ROG NOx

2008 Western Mojave 

Desert Plan Inventory

2002 (tpd) 71 184

2018 (tpd) 73 125

2008 Percentage Reductions -2% 32%

2014 Update Inventory 2002 (tpd) 71 168

2018 (tpd)*

56 84

2014 Percentage Reductions** 22% 50%

*

Includes transportation conformity budgets safety margin (see Appendix D)

**Percentages may be slightly different due to rounding

Since the revised inventory changed both the base year and attainment year emission 

estimates, the 2014 Update attainment analysis, to be conservative, recalculates the 

attainment target by applying the percentage of NOx and ROG emission reductions 

needed in the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan to the updated inventory, resulting in 

new NOx and ROG emission targets, expressed as tons per day. Those targets are 
10

then compared to the updated inventory, which includes the effects of new rules, to 

assess current progress toward attainment of the standard. The analysis is detailed in 

Appendix B. It shows that adopted controls will provide the new ROG and NOx 

reductions needed, from 2002 levels, to attain the standard. 

While the updated Western Mojave Desert inventory predicts that emission levels will 

meet attainment targets before the 2018 deadline for severe-15 areas, ozone in the 

Western Mojave Desert is significantly affected by emissions transported from outside 

areas. Due to the amount of emissions transported into the Western Mojave Desert 

from the South Coast Air Basin, the attainment target of 2018 is being retained in the 

2014 Update.

Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Update

The Act requires RFP demonstrations to ensure that between the base year and the 

attainment year, an area is making continued and steady progress toward attaining air 

quality standards. 

Section 182(b)(1)(A) of the Act requires nonattainment areas classified as moderate 

and above to achieve a 15 percent reduction of ROG within six years of the 

nonattainment designation. Section 182(c)(2)(B) requires further emission reductions of 

ROG or NOx in areas classified as serious and above, of three percent per year after 

the initial six year period. Finally, the RFP demonstration must also include contingency 

emission reductions available if an area fails to meet the required interim milestone year 

emission reduction targets.

The 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan submittal to U.S. EPA demonstrated RFP in 

accordance with U.S. EPA’s implementation rule and guidance, which at the time 

allowed the inclusion of ozone transport from upwind areas. Since that time, U.S. EPA 

determined it was no longer appropriate to include emissions from sources outside the 

attainment area in an RFP demonstration and revised its RFP policy to limit emission

reductions to sources within a nonattainment area. ARB staff has revised the RFP 

demonstration using the newly updated emissions inventory and reflecting the most 

recent U.S. EPA implementation rule and technical guidance, which no longer allow the 

inclusion of upwind transport area emission reductions. 

As shown in Appendix C, the Western Mojave Desert nonattainment area met the RFP 

targets in all milestone years, except 2008, when the area was required to meet the 

target solely through reductions in ROG. The 15 percent ROG-only target was 

achieved by 2011 and the remaining targets were met through 2018. The additional 

reductions necessary for RFP contingency were met in all years. 

Transportation Conformity Budgets Update

Transportation conformity is a provision of the Act that requires transportation planning 

agencies to demonstrate that their transportation plans, funding programs, and projects 

are consistent with or conform to the SIP’s purpose of achieving expeditious attainment 
11

of the standards. The Act distinguishes transportation actions [those undertaken by 

FHWA or FTA] from all other federal actions.

MPOs must make findings that the RTPs and TIPs conform to the SIP. They submit 

this conformity finding along with the RTP and TIP to FHWA and FTA for approval. The 

conformity finding must demonstrate that the emissions associated with the RTP and 

TIP do not exceed “emission budgets” contained in the SIP. An emissions budget is the 

maximum level of emissions from on-road motor vehicles that ensures an area makes 

progress toward clean air and ultimately meets air quality standards by the mandated 

deadline.

The ARB Early Progress Plans Demonstrating Progress Toward Attaining the 8-hour 

National Air Quality Standard for Ozone and Setting Transportation Conformity Budgets 

for Ventura County, Antelope Valley-Western Mojave Desert, Coachella Valley, Eastern 

Kern County, Imperial County was submitted to U.S. EPA on March 24, 2008. The 

U.S. EPA published an adequacy finding on the Western Mojave Desert motor vehicle 

emissions budgets on May 5, 2008, effective May 20, 2008. Transportation conformity 

budgets were established for ROG and NOx in 2009 using the EMFAC 2007 and 

included off-model reductions from adopted rules not reflected in EMFAC 2007.

The updated emission budgets have been developed with EMFAC 2011 using the latest 

SCAG VMT data and speed distributions where available. On March 6, 2013, U.S. EPA 

announced the availability of this latest version of the California EMFAC model for use 

in SIP development. 

The updated budgets include a safety margin to provide flexibility to adjust for 

uncertainties that may affect on-road mobile emission estimates. The safety margin has 

been included in both the RFP and attainment demonstrations (see Appendix B and C). 

The budgets are applicable to the federal 0.08 ppm 8-hour ozone standard for the 

Western Mojave Desert nonattainment area, and ensure that on-road emissions will be 

consistent with the attainment demonstration in future years. This technical revision of 

the transportation conformity budgets accounts for the current emission inventory 

included in this update, and includes transportation conformity budgets for the years 

2014, 2017, and 2018 (see Appendix D).

Ozone Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Demonstration 

Section 182(d)(1)(A) of the Act requires that SIPs for areas classified as severe and 

above include a demonstration that “...identifies and adopts specific enforceable 

transportation control strategies and transportation control measures to offset any 

growth in emissions from growth in vehicle miles traveled or numbers of vehicle trips in 

such area....”.3 Appendix E to this 2014 Update includes a VMT offset demonstration 

 

3

42 U.S. Code 7511A
12

for the Western Mojave Desert nonattainment area that complies with the Act by 

demonstrating that emission increases due to VMT growth in the SIP timeframe are 

appropriately offset by TCSs and TCMs. 
APPENDICES
A-1

Appendix A: Updated Emission Inventory

The 2014 Update includes an updated 2008 baseline emission inventory. The inventory 

was based on 2008 emissions and activity levels and emissions in other years were

backcasted or forecasted from the 2008 baseline inventory. The inventory reflects rules 

received through September 2012. This update incorporates updated emissions, 

benefits from regulations, activity data provided by SCAG for on-road mobile sources,

and the effects of reduced economic growth due to the recession not included in the 

2007 SIP. The on-road mobile portion of the inventory was generated using the latest 

version of the California EMFAC 2011 on-road mobile emissions model. EMFAC 2011 

was approved by U.S. EPA on March 6, 2013.

The tables below summarize the summer season ROG and NOx emission inventory, 

and future year inventory forecasts for the Coachella Valley and Western Mojave 

Desert.

Table A-1: Coachella Valley Emission Inventory

Coachella Valley Summer Planning Emissions Inventory for 

Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) in tons per day (tpd)

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

STATIONARY SOURCES

ELECTRIC UTILITIES 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

COGENERATION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL 0.065 0.092 0.074 0.156 0.211 0.230

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

SERVICE AND COMMERCIAL 0.129 0.135 0.125 0.127 0.126 0.125

OTHER (FUEL COMBUSTION) 0.013 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.005

SEWAGE TREATMENT 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

LANDFILLS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

INCINERATORS 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

SOIL REMEDIATION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (WASTE DISPOSAL) 0.264 0.346 0.290 0.233 0.233 0.233

LAUNDERING 0.044 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.005

DEGREASING 0.530 0.156 0.124 0.269 0.368 0.400

COATINGS AND RELATED SOLVENTS 1.037 1.025 0.867 1.345 1.634 1.731

PRINTING 0.040 0.017 0.013 0.026 0.032 0.034

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS 0.105 0.129 0.102 0.224 0.306 0.334

OTHER (CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS) 0.029 0.013 0.011 0.023 0.032 0.035

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PETROLEUM REFINING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PETROLEUM MARKETING 0.609 0.756 0.773 0.745 0.710 0.730
A-2

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

OTHER (PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND 

MARKETING) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CHEMICAL 0.007 0.049 0.041 0.088 0.123 0.135

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 0.014 0.020 0.019 0.027 0.032 0.034

MINERAL PROCESSES 0.014 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009

METAL PROCESSES 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

WOOD AND PAPER 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ELECTRONICS 0.006 0.023 0.018 0.038 0.051 0.055

OTHER (INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES) 0.157 0.205 0.108 0.078 0.084 0.086

TOTAL STATIONARY 3.067 2.986 2.583 3.399 3.962 4.182

AREAWIDE SOURCES

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 2.482 2.541 2.407 2.436 2.597 2.653

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS AND RELATED 

PROCESS SOLVENTS 1.429 0.754 0.692 0.601 0.651 0.669

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS 0.924 0.211 0.210 0.289 0.270 0.264

ASPHALT PAVING / ROOFING 0.028 0.043 0.028 0.046 0.060 0.064

RESIDENTIAL FUEL COMBUSTION 0.090 0.094 0.092 0.093 0.092 0.092

FARMING OPERATIONS 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

UNPAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FUGITIVE WINDBLOWN DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FIRES 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006

MANAGED BURNING AND DISPOSAL 0.020 0.021 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015

COOKING 0.028 0.035 0.032 0.041 0.046 0.047

OTHER (MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL AREAWIDE 5.061 3.758 3.538 3.582 3.791 3.863

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES

LIGHT DUTY PASSENGER (LDA) 4.263 2.320 1.601 1.209 0.862 0.758

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 0.878 0.595 0.428 0.370 0.290 0.266

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 1.284 0.695 0.545 0.482 0.394 0.364

MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS (MDV) 0.810 0.684 0.637 0.640 0.594 0.569

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.197 0.188 0.173 0.166 0.159 0.152

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.065 0.030 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.017

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.110 0.079 0.057 0.044 0.033 0.029

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (HHDV) 0.039 0.022 0.015 0.010 0.007 0.007

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.015 0.028 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.023

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008
A-3

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.064 0.046 0.042 0.030 0.019 0.017

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (HHDV) 1.110 0.898 0.636 0.360 0.318 0.321

MOTORCYCLES (MCY) 0.319 0.351 0.303 0.319 0.323 0.321

HEAVY DUTY DIESEL URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.014 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008

HEAVY DUTY GAS URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.049 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.024 0.023

SCHOOL BUSES - GAS (SBG) 0.015 0.009 0.007 0.002 0.001 0.001

SCHOOL BUSES - DIESEL (SBD) 0.008 0.006 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.001

OTHER BUSES - GAS (OBG) 0.015 0.012 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.008

OTHER BUSES - MOTOR COACH - DIESEL (OBC) 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001

ALL OTHER BUSES - DIESEL (OBD) 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000

MOTOR HOMES (MH) 0.024 0.011 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.003

TOTAL ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 9.294 6.023 4.563 3.739 3.097 2.897

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES

AIRCRAFT 0.062 0.057 0.071 0.084 0.098 0.103

TRAINS 0.259 0.220 0.177 0.167 0.148 0.140

RECREATIONAL BOATS 1.515 1.264 1.162 1.035 0.928 0.894

OFF-ROAD RECREATIONAL VEHICLES 0.412 0.606 0.566 0.550 0.562 0.567

OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT 2.263 2.077 1.856 1.835 1.864 1.875

FARM EQUIPMENT 0.235 0.186 0.160 0.123 0.093 0.085

FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING 0.541 0.405 0.336 0.291 0.262 0.255

TOTAL OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 5.287 4.814 4.326 4.085 3.953 3.919

Total for ROG emissions (tpd) 22.709 17.581 15.010 14.804 14.803 14.861

Base Year: 2008
A-4

Coachella Valley Summer Planning Emissions Inventory for 

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in tpd

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

STATIONARY SOURCES

ELECTRIC UTILITIES 0.063 0.057 0.050 0.051 0.051 0.050

COGENERATION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL 0.161 0.205 0.152 0.289 0.390 0.423

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

SERVICE AND COMMERCIAL 0.493 0.481 0.309 0.269 0.261 0.260

OTHER (FUEL COMBUSTION) 0.131 0.103 0.096 0.096 0.079 0.079

SEWAGE TREATMENT 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

LANDFILLS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

INCINERATORS 0.015 0.020 0.015 0.026 0.034 0.037

SOIL REMEDIATION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (WASTE DISPOSAL) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

LAUNDERING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

DEGREASING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PRINTING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PETROLEUM REFINING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PETROLEUM MARKETING 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND 

MARKETING) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CHEMICAL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 0.000 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003

MINERAL PROCESSES 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

METAL PROCESSES 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

WOOD AND PAPER 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ELECTRONICS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL STATIONARY 0.875 0.873 0.626 0.734 0.817 0.851

AREAWIDE SOURCES

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS AND RELATED 

PROCESS SOLVENTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
A-5

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

ASPHALT PAVING / ROOFING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

RESIDENTIAL FUEL COMBUSTION 0.469 0.427 0.335 0.337 0.291 0.289

FARMING OPERATIONS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

UNPAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FUGITIVE WINDBLOWN DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FIRES 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002

MANAGED BURNING AND DISPOSAL 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.014

COOKING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL AREAWIDE 0.492 0.450 0.353 0.354 0.308 0.305

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES

LIGHT DUTY PASSENGER (LDA) 3.671 1.655 1.133 0.928 0.712 0.647

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 0.863 0.465 0.299 0.277 0.223 0.204

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 2.064 0.953 0.693 0.575 0.425 0.380

MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS (MDV) 1.636 1.122 0.924 0.847 0.694 0.637

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.531 0.567 0.515 0.527 0.506 0.482

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.094 0.074 0.065 0.065 0.060 0.056

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.214 0.210 0.168 0.143 0.109 0.096

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (HHDV) 0.090 0.066 0.061 0.065 0.065 0.065

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.997 1.593 1.314 1.186 1.024 0.936

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.437 0.522 0.430 0.387 0.336 0.308

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (MHDV) 1.449 1.014 0.901 0.786 0.579 0.518

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (HHDV) 19.981 14.458 10.615 8.173 6.106 5.631

MOTORCYCLES (MCY) 0.046 0.066 0.063 0.074 0.078 0.078

HEAVY DUTY DIESEL URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.382 0.231 0.238 0.236 0.235 0.221

HEAVY DUTY GAS URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.087 0.053 0.051 0.055 0.054 0.053

SCHOOL BUSES - GAS (SBG) 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002

SCHOOL BUSES - DIESEL (SBD) 0.104 0.078 0.068 0.069 0.072 0.067

OTHER BUSES - GAS (OBG) 0.038 0.045 0.041 0.037 0.030 0.027

OTHER BUSES - MOTOR COACH - DIESEL (OBC) 0.110 0.078 0.062 0.051 0.033 0.028

ALL OTHER BUSES - DIESEL (OBD) 0.063 0.047 0.039 0.037 0.025 0.024

MOTOR HOMES (MH) 0.148 0.127 0.120 0.108 0.098 0.096

TOTAL ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 33.009 23.429 17.806 14.630 11.468 10.558
A-6

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES

AIRCRAFT 0.172 0.158 0.192 0.226 0.260 0.271

TRAINS 3.429 2.176 1.597 1.850 2.026 1.997

RECREATIONAL BOATS 0.151 0.157 0.149 0.146 0.144 0.144

OFF-ROAD RECREATIONAL VEHICLES 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.009

OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT 4.034 2.887 2.331 2.443 2.410 2.257

FARM EQUIPMENT 1.122 0.871 0.755 0.604 0.471 0.431

FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 8.912 6.256 5.031 5.276 5.319 5.109

Total for NOx emissions (tpd) 43.287 31.009 23.816 20.994 17.912 16.823

Base Year: 2008
A-7

Table A-2: Western Mojave Desert Inventory

Western Mojave Desert Summer Planning Emissions Inventory for 

ROG in tpd

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

STATIONARY SOURCES

ELECTRIC UTILITIES 0.138 0.138 0.127 0.145 0.158 0.163

COGENERATION 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL 0.225 0.321 0.304 0.319 0.333 0.336

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING 0.009 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001

SERVICE AND COMMERCIAL 0.256 0.573 0.556 0.662 0.751 0.780

OTHER (FUEL COMBUSTION) 0.033 0.050 0.051 0.055 0.055 0.056

SEWAGE TREATMENT 0.000 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.010

LANDFILLS 0.135 0.153 0.161 0.169 0.177 0.179

INCINERATORS 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.007

SOIL REMEDIATION 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003

OTHER (WASTE DISPOSAL) 0.040 0.048 0.050 0.053 0.055 0.056

LAUNDERING 0.072 0.089 0.083 0.092 0.100 0.103

DEGREASING 4.221 4.559 4.352 5.279 6.683 7.151

COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 1.251 1.894 1.878 2.266 2.742 2.900

PRINTING 0.010 0.050 0.052 0.060 0.075 0.080

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS 0.088 0.054 0.053 0.059 0.073 0.078

OTHER (CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS) 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.007

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001

PETROLEUM REFINING 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

PETROLEUM MARKETING 4.008 5.688 6.385 6.806 7.292 7.448

OTHER (PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND 

MARKETING) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CHEMICAL 0.212 0.218 0.199 0.264 0.339 0.364

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.017

MINERAL PROCESSES 0.470 0.366 0.337 0.359 0.383 0.391

METAL PROCESSES 0.000 0.018 0.016 0.024 0.032 0.035

WOOD AND PAPER 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

GLASS AND RELATED PRODUCTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES) 0.290 0.140 0.135 0.148 0.162 0.167

TOTAL STATIONARY 11.480 14.398 14.774 16.803 19.457 20.334

AREAWIDE SOURCES

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 5.383 5.042 4.774 4.656 4.988 5.104

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS AND RELATED 

PROCESS SOLVENTS 3.078 2.799 2.852 3.045 3.237 3.302

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS 0.334 0.094 0.128 0.086 0.087 0.087
A-8

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

ASPHALT PAVING / ROOFING 0.413 0.427 0.311 0.398 0.498 0.532

RESIDENTIAL FUEL COMBUSTION 0.125 0.129 0.129 0.130 0.131 0.132

FARMING OPERATIONS 2.189 2.189 2.189 2.189 2.189 2.189

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

UNPAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FUGITIVE WINDBLOWN DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FIRES 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018

MANAGED BURNING AND DISPOSAL 0.299 0.319 0.311 0.323 0.329 0.330

COOKING 0.646 0.779 0.718 0.814 0.891 0.916

OTHER (MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL AREAWIDE 12.481 11.796 11.428 11.658 12.366 12.609

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES

LIGHT DUTY PASSENGER (LDA) 9.712 5.635 3.605 2.402 1.625 1.391

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 3.473 2.048 1.267 0.923 0.650 0.568

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 3.843 2.241 1.579 1.179 0.885 0.781

MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS (MDV) 2.297 1.934 1.551 1.344 1.212 1.147

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.556 0.726 0.650 0.586 0.526 0.495

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.172 0.065 0.048 0.037 0.030 0.027

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.176 0.125 0.087 0.060 0.046 0.039

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (HHDV) 0.082 0.048 0.036 0.026 0.020 0.019

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.054 0.150 0.149 0.148 0.138 0.131

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.029 0.043 0.043 0.043 0.041 0.039

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.075 0.057 0.052 0.035 0.022 0.020

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (HHDV) 2.207 1.640 1.177 0.658 0.637 0.640

MOTORCYCLES (MCY) 1.481 1.712 1.428 1.454 1.527 1.521

HEAVY DUTY DIESEL URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.016 0.012 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012

HEAVY DUTY GAS URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.088 0.059 0.054 0.055 0.056 0.055

SCHOOL BUSES - GAS (SBG) 0.043 0.033 0.029 0.021 0.019 0.018

SCHOOL BUSES - DIESEL (SBD) 0.025 0.022 0.018 0.005 0.006 0.004

OTHER BUSES - GAS (OBG) 0.025 0.029 0.026 0.024 0.020 0.020

OTHER BUSES - MOTOR COACH - DIESEL (OBC) 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.002

ALL OTHER BUSES - DIESEL (OBD) 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001

MOTOR HOMES (MH) 0.116 0.075 0.053 0.038 0.025 0.021

TOTAL ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 24.483 16.664 11.872 9.055 7.500 6.951

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES

AIRCRAFT 0.879 1.025 1.139 1.251 1.355 1.389

TRAINS 2.607 2.216 1.779 1.688 1.493 1.420

RECREATIONAL BOATS 8.886 7.276 6.639 5.877 5.233 5.035
A-9

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

OFF-ROAD RECREATIONAL VEHICLES 6.582 6.318 5.597 5.053 4.789 4.724

OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT 2.841 2.565 2.214 2.018 1.912 1.888

FARM EQUIPMENT 0.119 0.093 0.080 0.061 0.046 0.042

FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING 1.096 0.738 0.589 0.491 0.427 0.411

TOTAL OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 23.009 20.231 18.037 16.438 15.256 14.909

Total for ROG Emissions (tpd) 71.453 63.088 56.111 53.955 54.579 54.803

Base Year: 2008
A-10

Western Mojave Desert Summer Planning Emissions Inventory for 

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in tons per day (tpd)

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

STATIONARY SOURCES

ELECTRIC UTILITIES 4.653 1.838 1.690 1.926 2.107 2.167

COGENERATION 0.098 0.098 0.090 0.103 0.112 0.116

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL 3.744 5.704 5.377 5.644 5.830 5.889

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING 0.135 0.109 0.060 0.057 0.020 0.019

SERVICE AND COMMERCIAL 2.872 3.008 2.991 3.474 3.874 4.004

OTHER (FUEL COMBUSTION) 0.375 0.589 0.515 0.605 0.641 0.662

SEWAGE TREATMENT 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

LANDFILLS 0.000 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.011

INCINERATORS 0.055 0.056 0.049 0.058 0.065 0.068

SOIL REMEDIATION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (WASTE DISPOSAL) 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

LAUNDERING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

DEGREASING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001

PRINTING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PETROLEUM REFINING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PETROLEUM MARKETING 0.015 0.019 0.019 0.023 0.026 0.027

OTHER (PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND 

MARKETING) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CHEMICAL 0.000 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

MINERAL PROCESSES 30.084 20.587 12.740 13.433 14.223 14.481

METAL PROCESSES 0.498 0.479 0.816 0.768 0.689 0.663

WOOD AND PAPER 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

GLASS AND RELATED PRODUCTS 1.580 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

OTHER (INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES) 0.247 0.448 0.425 0.462 0.509 0.524

TOTAL STATIONARY 44.361 32.950 24.790 26.571 28.116 28.640

AREAWIDE SOURCES

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS AND RELATED 

PROCESS SOLVENTS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ASPHALT PAVING / ROOFING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
A-11

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

RESIDENTIAL FUEL COMBUSTION 0.665 0.692 0.691 0.714 0.741 0.751

FARMING OPERATIONS 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

PAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

UNPAVED ROAD DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FUGITIVE WINDBLOWN DUST 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

FIRES 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

MANAGED BURNING AND DISPOSAL 0.109 0.119 0.115 0.120 0.123 0.123

COOKING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

OTHER (MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL AREAWIDE 0.779 0.816 0.810 0.839 0.869 0.879

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES

LIGHT DUTY PASSENGER (LDA) 12.045 6.379 4.094 3.079 2.342 2.114

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 4.115 2.317 1.405 1.216 0.988 0.903

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 7.930 4.526 3.079 2.325 1.719 1.523

MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS (MDV) 5.434 4.552 3.517 3.009 2.543 2.345

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 1.454 2.118 1.902 1.867 1.699 1.600

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.236 0.150 0.129 0.121 0.106 0.098

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.299 0.287 0.231 0.190 0.148 0.131

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (HHDV) 0.247 0.168 0.151 0.150 0.142 0.139

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 2.781 6.968 5.973 5.470 4.716 4.340

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 1.686 2.107 1.787 1.632 1.426 1.315

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (MHDV) 1.791 1.302 1.156 0.948 0.687 0.609

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (HHDV) 40.695 27.631 20.163 14.320 10.057 9.099

MOTORCYCLES (MCY) 0.273 0.384 0.353 0.396 0.435 0.436

HEAVY DUTY DIESEL URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.332 0.241 0.259 0.256 0.252 0.250

HEAVY DUTY GAS URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.145 0.116 0.114 0.120 0.120 0.118

SCHOOL BUSES - GAS (SBG) 0.028 0.024 0.022 0.019 0.017 0.017

SCHOOL BUSES - DIESEL (SBD) 0.352 0.289 0.258 0.258 0.268 0.246

OTHER BUSES - GAS (OBG) 0.102 0.144 0.124 0.112 0.088 0.081

OTHER BUSES - MOTOR COACH - DIESEL (OBC) 0.179 0.128 0.103 0.085 0.056 0.048

ALL OTHER BUSES - DIESEL (OBD) 0.102 0.078 0.065 0.062 0.042 0.040

MOTOR HOMES (MH) 0.503 0.464 0.425 0.371 0.319 0.305

TOTAL ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 80.728 60.371 45.307 36.006 28.170 25.754
A-12

SOURCE CATEGORY 2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES

AIRCRAFT 1.084 1.197 1.315 1.429 1.535 1.571

TRAINS 34.688 22.219 16.441 18.927 20.649 20.362

RECREATIONAL BOATS 1.030 1.073 1.021 0.999 0.993 0.991

OFF-ROAD RECREATIONAL VEHICLES 0.124 0.836 1.315 1.211 1.081 1.037

OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT 5.116 3.568 3.112 3.121 2.984 2.826

FARM EQUIPMENT 0.565 0.436 0.377 0.300 0.233 0.213

FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

TOTAL OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 42.608 29.329 23.580 25.987 27.475 26.999

Total for NOx Emissions (tpd) 168.475 123.466 94.488 89.402 84.630 82.273

Base Year: 2008
B-1

Appendix B: Attainment Demonstration

The tables below demonstrate that the percentage of reductions achieved by 2018 in 

the 2014 Update are greater than the percentage of reductions required for attainment

in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan and the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan.

Table B-1: Coachella Valley Attainment Demonstration

2007 Coachella Valley Plan Inventory ROG NOx

A. 2002 Total Emissions (tpd) 22 52

B. 2018 Attainment Target (tpd) 18 24

C. 2018 Emission Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [A-B] (tpd) 4 27

D. % Emission Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [C/A] 20% 53%

2014 Update Inventory

E. 2002 Updated Emissions (tpd) 23 43

F. Percentage Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [from D] 20% 53%

G. Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [E*F] (tpd) 4 23

H. Updated Attainment Demonstration Target [E-G] (tpd) 18 20

I. 2018 Updated Emissions with Adopted Rules*(tpd) 16 18

J. % 2018 Reductions from 2002 Baseyear 30% 59%

Are the % of emission reductions in the 2014 Update greater than the % of 

emission reductions in the 2007 Coachella Valley Plan (J>D) YES YES

*

Includes transportation conformity budgets safety margin (see Appendix D)

Table B-2: Western Mojave Desert Attainment Demonstration

2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan Inventory ROG NOx

A. 2002 Total Emissions (tpd) 71 184

B. 2020 Attainment Target (tpd) 73 125

C. 2020 Emission Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [A-B] (tpd) -2 60

D. % Emission Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [C/A] -2% 32%

2014 Update Inventory

E. 2002 Updated Emissions (tpd) 71 168

F. Percentage Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [from D] -2% 32%

G. Reductions Required from 2002 Baseyear [E*F] (tpd) -2 54

H. Updated Attainment Demonstration Target [E-G] (tpd) 73 114

I. 2018 Updated Emissions with Adopted Rules*(tpd) 56 84

J. % 2018 Reductions from 2002 Baseyear 22% 50%

Is the % of emission reductions in the 2014 Update greater than the % of 

emission reductions in the 2008 Western Mojave Desert Plan (J>D) YES YES

*

Includes transportation conformity budgets safety margin (see Appendix D)

**Percentages may be slightly different due to rounding
B-2

Table B-3 compares the updated 2019 emission inventory to the attainment 

target calculated in Tables B-1 and B-2. Table B-3 demonstrates that in 

aggregate already adopted measures reflected in the 2014 Update provide for at 

least three percent emission reductions in 2019, beyond those needed for 

attainment, as required by the Act’s section 182(c)(9) contingency requirement. 

Table B-3: Attainment Contingency Measure Reductions (tpd)

Revised Inventory ROG NOx

Coachella Valley

A. Updated Attainment Demonstration Target*(tpd) 18 20

B. 2019 Emissions (tpd) 15 16

C. 2019 Emission Reductions From Emission Target [A-B] (tpd) 3 4

D. Percent Reduction from SIP Emission Target [C/A] 16% 20%

Contingency Met YES YES

Western Mojave Desert

E. Updated Attainment Demonstration Target** (tpd) 73 114

F. 2019 Emissions (tpd) 55 81

G. 2019 Emission Reductions From Emission Target [E-F] (tpd) 18 33

H. Percent Reduction from SIP Emission Target [G/E] 24% 28%

Contingency Met YES YES

*Table B-1

**Table B-2
C-1

Appendix C: Reasonable Further Progress

The tables below demonstrate that the Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert 

meet the RFP requirements in the milestone years of 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2018, and a 

three percent contingency set-aside in 2008 and carried through to 2018.

Table C-1: Coachella Valley Reasonable Further Progress

(summer planning inventory, tons per day)

2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

Baseline ROG 22.7 17.6 15.0 15.8* 15.8* 15.9*

CA MVCP Adjustment 0.0 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.0

Adjusted 2002 Baseline ROG in milestone year 22.7 21.6 21.2 20.9 20.8 20.7

RFP commitment, ROG reductions, new measures 0 0 0 0 0 0

Future Year ROG, existing and proposed 

measures

17.6 15.0 15.8 15.8 15.9

Required % change since previous milestone year 

(ROG or NOx) compared to 2002 15% 9% 9% 9% 3%

Required % change since 2002 (ROG or NOx) 15% 24% 33% 42% 45%

Target ROG levels 18.4 16.4 14.6 13.2 12.7

Apparent shortfall in ROG -0.8 -1.3 1.2 2.6 3.2

Apparent shortfall in ROG, % -3.7% -6.4% 5.6% 12.7% 15.3%

ROG shortfall previously provided by NOx 

substitution, % 0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% 12.7%

Actual ROG shortfall, % -3.7% -6.4% 5.6% 7.1% 2.5%

2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

Baseline NOx 43.3 31.0 23.8 22.0* 18.9* 17.8*

CA MVCP Adjustment 0.0 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3

Adjusted 2002 Baseline NOx in milestone year 43.3 41.7 41.3 41.1 41.0 40.9

Change in NOx since 2002 10.6 17.5 19.1 22.1 23.1

% Change in NOx since 2002 25.6% 42.3% 46.5% 53.9% 56.5%

NOx reductions already used for RFP substitution 

and contingency through last milestone year, % 0.0% 3.0% 3.0% 8.6% 15.7%

NOx reductions from 2002 available for RFP 

substitution and contingency in milestone year, % 25.6% 39.3% 43.5% 45.2% 40.7%

Change in NOx since 2002 used for ROG 

substitution in this milestone year, % 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% 7.1% 2.5%

Change in NOx since 2002 available for 

contingency in this milestone year, % 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

NOx surplus since 2002 after meeting substitution 

and contingency needs in this milestone year, % 22.6% 39.3% 37.8% 38.1% 38.2%

Is RFP Met? YES YES YES YES YES

Is the Contingency Met? YES YES YES YES YES

*

Includes transportation conformity budgets safety margin (see Appendix D)
C-2

Table C-2: Western Mojave Desert Reasonable Further Progress 

(summer planning inventory, tons per day)

2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

Baseline ROG 71.5 63.1 56.1 55.0* 55.6* 55.8*

CA MVCP Adjustment 0.0 2.9 4.1 4.9 5.3 5.5

Adjusted 2002 Baseline ROG in milestone year 71.5 68.5 67.4 66.6 66.1 66.0

RFP commitment, ROG reductions from new 

measures

0 0 0 0 0 0

Future Year ROG with existing and proposed 

measures

63.1 56.1 54.0 54.6 54.8

Required % change since previous milestone year 

(ROG or NOx) compared to 2002 15% 9% 9% 9% 3%

Required % change since 2002 (ROG or NOx) 15% 24% 33% 42% 45%

Target ROG levels 58.2 52.0 46.6 42.0 40.5

Apparent shortfall in ROG 4.8 4.1 8.4 13.6 15.3

Apparent shortfall in ROG, % 7.1% 6.1% 12.6% 20.6% 23.1%

ROG shortfall previously provided by NOx 

substitution, % 0% 0.0% 6.1% 12.6% 20.6%

Actual ROG shortfall, % 7.1% 6.1% 6.4% 8.0% 2.5%

2002 2008 2011 2014 2017 2018

Baseline NOx 168.5 123.5 94.5 91.4* 86.6* 84.3*

CA MVCP Adjustment 0.0 5.4 6.6 7.3 7.7 7.8

Adjusted 2002 Baseline NOx in milestone year 168.5 163.0 161.9 161.2 160.8 160.7

Change in NOx since 2002 39.6 67.4 69.8 74.2 76.4

Change in NOx since 2002, % 24.3% 41.6% 43.3% 46.1% 47.5%

NOx reductions since 2002 already used for RFP 

substitution* and contingency through last milestone 

year, %

0.0% 3.0% 9.1% 15.6% 23.6%

NOx reductions since 2002 available for RFP 

substitution and contingency in this milestone year, 

%

24.3% 38.6% 34.2% 30.5% 24.0%

Change in NOx since 2002 used for ROG 

substitution in this milestone year, % 0.0% 6.1% 6.4% 8.0% 2.5%

Change in NOx since 2002 available for contingency 

in this milestone year, % 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

NOx surplus since 2002 after meeting substitution 

and contingency needs in this milestone year, % 21.3% 32.5% 27.7% 22.6% 21.4%

RFP Met? NO YES YES YES YES

Contingency Met? YES YES YES YES YES

*

Baseline emissions include an additional safety margin for transportation conformity budgets (see 

Appendix D)
D-1

Appendix D: Transportation Conformity Budgets

Emission budgets have been developed using the latest SCAG VMT data and speed 

distributions where available (see Amendment No. 1 to the 2012-2035 RTP/SCS and 

Amendment No. 4 to the 2013 FTIP, Transportation Conformity Analysis). On 

March 6, 2013, U.S. EPA approved EMFAC 2011 for use in SIP development in 

California. When specific VMT and speed distribution data is unavailable, VMT values 

are interpolated and speed distributions are applied for the nearest previous analysis 

year. More specifically, 2014 VMT and speed distribution data was available and used 

directly; 2017 and 2018 VMT was estimated via interpolation between 2014 and 2020; 

2020 speed distributions were applied for 2017 and 2018. 

ARB control measures that are included in the 2014 Update and affect on-road mobile 

sources, but are not fully reflected in EMFAC 2011 have been included in the conformity 

emission budgets. These control measures include:

 Advanced Clean Cars

 Smog Check Improvements

 Reformulated Gasoline

The transportation conformity budgets include a safety margin to provide flexibility to 

adjust for uncertainties that may affect on-road mobile emission estimates. The safety 

margin has been included in both the reasonable further progress and attainment 

demonstrations (see Appendices B and C).

Table D-1: Coachella Valley Transportation Conformity Budgets

(summer inventory, tons per day)

2014 2017 2018

ROG NOx ROG NOx ROG NOx

Onroad Emissions from EMFAC 2011 4.00 14.79 3.34 11.39 3.19 10.74

Off Model Reductions* 0.28 0.10 0.27 0.12 0.26 0.13

Net Onroad Emissions 3.72 14.69 3.07 11.27 2.93 10.61

Safety Margin 1 1 1 1 1 1

Conformity Budget** 5 16 5 13 4 12

* Reductions from adopted controls not fully reflected in EMFAC 2011

**Rounded up to the nearest ton

Table D-2: Western Mojave Desert Transportation Conformity Budgets

(summer inventory, tons per day)

2014 2017 2018

ROG NOx ROG NOx ROG NOx

Onroad Emissions from EMFAC 2011 8.34 28.32 6.75 22.42 6.37 20.99

Off Model Reductions* 0.58 0.30 0.52 0.39 0.50 0.44

Net Onroad Emissions 7.76 28.02 6.23 22.03 5.87 20.55

Safety Margin 1 2 1 2 1 2

Conformity Budget** 9 31 8 25 7 23

*Reductions from adopted controls not fully reflected in EMFAC 2011

**Rounded up to the nearest ton
E-1

Appendix E: Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Demonstration

The requirement to offset growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is contained in 

section 182(d)(1)(A) of the federal Clean Air Act (Act). This section applies to areas 

classified as severe or extreme nonattainment of the National Ambient Air Quality 

Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. Both, the Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert

ozone nonattainment areas are currently designated as severe-15 for the 8-hour ozone 

NAAQS and are subject to this requirement. This demonstration is included as part of 

the Update to the 2007 8-hour ozone State Implementation Plan for the Coachella 

Valley and Western Mojave Desert (2014 Update) to address the requirements of 

section 182(d)(1)(A).

Background

In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) replaced the 1-hour 

ozone standard set in 1979 with an 8-hour standard of 0.08 ppm (62 FR 38856 

(July 18, 1997)). The U.S. EPA promulgated rules implementing the new standard. 

The “Phase 1” rule was issued on April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23951). That rule included 

anti-backsliding requirements that meant that many requirements in place as a result of 

not attaining the 1-hour NAAQS remained applicable even after the revocation of that 

standard, which was effective June 2005 (40 CFR §51.905(a)(1) and §51.900(f)). In 

particular, an area that was classified as Severe for the 1-hour standard would remain 

subject to the VMT emissions offset requirement even if it would not otherwise have 

been subject to that requirement based on its classification under the new 8-hour ozone 

standard (40 CFR §51.900(f)(11)). The U.S. EPA’s Phase 2 rule, issued on 

November 29, 2005 (70 FR 71612) required that areas classified as severe or extreme 

under the new 8-hour standard would also be subject to the VMT offset requirement.

Litigation of the Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Requirement

Previous to the litigation described below, VMT offset demonstrations addressed the 

requirements of section 182(d)(1)(A) according to U.S. EPA’s longstanding

interpretation that no further transportation control measures (TCM) are necessary if 

aggregate motor vehicle emissions are projected to decline each year from the base 

year of the plan to the attainment year. 

Subsequent to Phase 1 and 2 implementation rules, a decision of the Ninth Circuit Court 

of Appeals in Association of Irritated Residents (AIR) v U.S. EPA (reprinted as amended 

on January 27, 2012, 632 F.3d 584, 9th Cir. 2011) rejected U.S. EPA’s interpretation of 

the Act, which had provided the basis for U.S. EPA’s previous approvals of other VMT 

offset demonstrations in district plans. With the AIR decision, the Court determined that 

the Act requires additional transportation control strategies (TCS) and TCMs whenever 

vehicle emissions are projected to be higher than would have been had VMT not grown, 

even if aggregate vehicle emissions are decreasing. 
E-2

U.S. EPA Guidance on Vehicle Miles Traveled Offset Requirement

In August 2012, U.S. EPA issued guidance entitled “Implementing Clean Air Act Section 

182(d)(1)(A): Transportation Control Measures and Transportation Control Strategies to 

Offset Growth in Emissions Due to Growth in Vehicle Miles Travelled.” Among other 

things, U.S. EPA’s guidance points out that in the AIR decision the Court omitted any 

reference to “transportation control strategies” (TCSs), which are not defined in the Act 

or U.S. EPA regulation, are eligible to offset growth in emissions due to growth in VMT. 

The U.S. EPA’s new guidance indicates that technology improvements such as vehicle 

technology improvements, motor vehicle fuels, and other control strategies that are 

transportation-related could be used to offset increases in emissions due to VMT. 

U.S. EPA’s revised guidance sets forth a method of calculating the actual growth in 

emissions due to growth in VMT. Essentially, the state would compare projected 

attainment year emissions assuming no new control measures and no VMT growth with 

projected actual attainment year emissions (including new control measures and VMT 

growth). If the latter number is smaller than the former, no additional TCMs or TCSs 

would be required. If additional TCMs and TCSs are required, they should be clearly 

identified and distinguished from the measures included in the initial calculations for the 

base year and the three scenarios identified for the attainment year.

In addition, the guidance recommends that the base year to be used in the 

demonstration be the base year used in the attainment demonstration for the ozone 

standard. This update includes a VMT offset demonstration in accordance with 

U.S. EPA’s new guidance for the 8-hour ozone requirements. To address U.S. EPA’s 

guidance on the base year, 2002 is used as the base year for the 1997 8-hour standard.

Transportation Control Strategies and Transportation Control Measures

By listing them separately, section 182(d)(1)(A) of the Act differentiates between TCSs

and TCMs, and thus provides for a wide range of strategies and measures as options to 

offset increased emissions from growth in VMT. In addition, the example TCMs listed in

section 108(f)(1)(A) of the Act include measures that reduce emissions by reducing 

VMT, reducing tailpipe emissions, and removing dirtier vehicles from the fleet. 

California’s motor vehicle control program includes a variety of strategies and measures 

including new engine standards and in-use programs (e.g., smog check, vehicle scrap, 

fleet rules, and idling restrictions). The Southern California Association of Governments 

(SCAG) has also developed a number of TCMs to provide emission reductions. 

Based on the provisions in section 182(d)(1)(A) of the Act and the clarifications provided 

in the U.S. EPA guidance, any combination of TCSs and TCMs may be used to meet 

the requirement to offset growth in emissions resulting from VMT growth. Since 1990 

when this requirement was established, California has adopted a substantial number of 

enforceable transportation strategies – more than enough to meet the requirement to 

offset the growth in emissions from VMT growth. For the 1997 8-hour standard offset 

demonstration, 2002 controls are used as the base case control level since 2002 is the 

base year of the SIP. 
E-3

A listing of the mobile source control programs adopted by the State since 1990 is 

provided in Table E-4. There are no TCMs in the SIP for the Coachella Valley and 

Western Mojave Desert because upwind emissions from the South Coast Air Basin and 

Ventura County largely influence air quality in both the Coachella Valley and Western 

Mojave Desert. TCMs have been implemented by the SCAG in those upwind areas. 

Emissions Due to Vehicle Miles Traveled Growth

As discussed above, the U.S. EPA guidance provides a recommended calculation 

methodology that could be done to determine if sufficient TCSs and TCMs have been 

adopted and implemented to offset the growth in emissions due solely to growth in 

VMT. As such, any increase in emissions solely from VMT increases in the future 

attainment year from the base year (assuming that there are no further motor vehicle 

control programs implemented after the base year) would need to be offset. In addition, 

a calculation is needed to show the emissions levels if VMT had remained constant 

from the base year to the future attainment year. As discussed earlier, a comparison of 

the projected attainment year emissions assuming no new control measures and no 

VMT growth with projected actual attainment year emissions (including new control 

measures and VMT growth) would be made. If the latter number is smaller than the 

former, no additional TCMs or TCSs would be required.

Methodology

The following calculations are based on the U.S. EPA guidance recommended 

calculation methodology. For the Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert 8-hour 

ozone standard, 2002 is the base year used for the attainment demonstration and 2018

is the attainment year. 

Analysis Tool

This analysis uses California’s approved motor vehicle emissions model, EMFAC. 

The EMFAC model estimates the emissions from two combustion processes: running 

exhaust and start exhaust, and four evaporative processes: hot soak, running losses, 

diurnal, and resting losses.

Emissions from running exhaust, start exhaust, hot soak, and running losses are a 

function of how much a vehicle is driven. Emissions from these processes are directly 

related to VMT, trips, and starts. These processes are included in the calculation of the 

emissions levels used in the VMT offset demonstration. Emissions from resting loss 

and diurnal loss processes are not related to VMT, trips or vehicle starts and are not 

included in the analysis because these emissions occur regardless if the vehicle makes 

a trip (i.e. a start) or not.

EMFAC combines trip-based VMT from the regional transportation planning agencies, 

starts data based on household travel surveys, and vehicle population data from the 
E-4

Department of Motor Vehicles with corresponding emission rates to calculate 

emissions.4

With the EMFAC model, the calculation of emissions growth and whether it is offset is 

simplified to a comparison of future year emissions with “no growth” in VMT or new 

control strategies to future emissions with VMT growth and new control strategies. This 

follows U.S. EPA’s 2012 guidance and is consistent with the Ninth Circuit’s 

interpretation of Act section 182(d)(1)(A).

The Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) regulations adopted by ARB in 2012 are not included 

in EMFAC 2011. The output from EMFAC 2011 was adjusted off-model to estimate the 

benefits of the ACC regulations. No other off-model adjustments were taken. 

Analysis for Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert Using 2002 as the 

Base Year for the 1997 8-hour Ozone Standard with Attainment Year of 2018

Step 1. Provide the emissions level for the base year.

The following table shows the ROG emissions, VMT, starts, and vehicle population for 

calendar year 2002 from the EMFAC2011 model.

Table E-1: Summary of Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert 2002 

Baseyear

VMT

(thousand miles/day)

Starts 

(thousands/day)

Vehicle 

Population

(thousands)

ROG

Emissions

(tons/day)

2002 Base Year

for Coachella 

Valley

10,293 1,248 198 8

2002 Base Year

for Western 

Mojave Desert

26,920 2,274 367 23

Step 2. Calculate three emissions levels in the attainment year.

For the attainment year,

(1) Calculate emissions level with the motor vehicle control program frozen at 

2002 levels and with projected VMT, starts, and vehicle population for the 

attainment year. This represents what the emissions in the attainment

year would have been if TCSs and TCMs had not been implemented after 

2002;

 

4 More information on data sources can be found in the EMFAC technical document which is located on 

the web at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/emfac2011-technical-documentation-final-updated-0712-v03.pdf
E-5

(2) Calculate emissions level with the motor vehicle control program frozen at 

2002 levels and assuming VMT, starts, and vehicle population do not 

increase from 2002 levels; and

(3) Calculate an emissions level that represents emissions with full 

implementation of all TCSs and TCMs since 2002 and which represents 

the projected future year baseline emissions inventory using the VMT, 

starts, and vehicle population for the attainment year.

Calculation 1. Calculate the emissions in the attainment year 

assuming no new measures since the base year, and including 

growth in vehicle miles traveled, starts, and vehicle population.

To perform this calculation, ARB staff identified the on-road motor vehicle control 

programs adopted since 2002 and adjusted the EMFAC2011 results to reflect the 

ROG emissions levels in 2018 without the benefits of the post-2002 control 

programs. The projected ROG emissions for Coachella Valley and Western 

Mojave Desert are 4 tons/day and 9 tons/day, respectively.

Calculation 2. Calculate the emissions with no growth in vehicle 

miles traveled, starts, or vehicle population.

EMFAC2011 allows the user to input different VMT, starts, and vehicle population 

than default. As such, for this calculation, the EMFAC 2011 model was run 

without the benefit of the post 2002 control program for calendar year 2018 for 

Coachella Valley with the 2002 level of VMT of 10,293,000 miles per day, the 

2002 level of starts at 1,248,220 per day, and the 2002 level of population at 

198,000 vehicles. The ROG emissions associated with 2002 VMT, starts, and 

vehicle population are 3 tons/day. The EMFAC 2011 model was also run for 

Western Mojave Desert without the benefit of the post 2002 control program for 

calendar year 2018 with the 2002 level of VMT of 26,920,000 miles per day, the 

2002 level of starts at 2,274,199 per day, and the 2002 level of population at 

367,000 vehicles. The ROG emissions associated with 2002 VMT, starts, and 

vehicle population are 7 tons/day.

Calculation 3. Calculate emission reductions with full 

Implementation of Transportation Control Strategies & 

Transportation Control Measures.

The ROG emission levels for 2018 assuming the benefits of the post-2002 motor 

vehicle control program and the projected VMT, starts, and vehicle population in 

2018 are calculated using EMFAC2011. The projected ROG emissions level for 

Coachella Valley and Western Mojave Desert are 2 and 6 tons per day, 

respectively. ROG emissions for the three sets of calculations described above 

are provided in the following table.
E-6

Table E-2: Summary of Coachella Valley 2018 Attainment Year Emissions Levels

*2018 VMT based on SCAG’s 2012 Regional Transportation Plan Amendment 1.

**Does not include diurnal or resting loss emissions.

Table E-3: Summary of Western Mojave Desert 2018 Attainment Year Emissions 

Levels

*2018 VMT based on SCAG’s 2012 Regional Transportation Plan Amendment 1.

**Does not include diurnal or resting loss emissions.

Coachella Valley

Description

VMT*

(miles/day, 

thousands)

Starts

(thousands/day)

Vehicle 

Population

(thousands)

ROG 

Emissions**

(tons/day)

(1)

Emissions with Motor 

Vehicle Control Program 

Frozen at 2002 Levels. 

(VMT, starts and vehicle population 

at 2018 levels.)

14,329 1,811 283 4

(2)

Emissions with Motor 

Vehicle Control Program 

Frozen at 2002 Levels. 

(VMT, starts, and vehicle 

population at 2002 levels)

10,293 1,248 198 3

(3)

Emissions with Full Motor 

Vehicle Control Program in 

Place

(VMT, starts and vehicle population 

at 2018 levels)

14,329 1,811 283 2

Western Mojave Desert

Description

VMT*

(miles/day, 

thousands)

Starts

(thousands/day)

Vehicle 

Population

(thousands)

ROG 

Emissions**

(tons/day)

(1)

Emissions with Motor 

Vehicle Control Program 

Frozen at 2002 Levels. 

(VMT, starts and vehicle population 

at 2018 levels.)

31,071 2,793 435 9

(2)

Emissions with Motor 

Vehicle Control Program 

Frozen at 2002 Levels. 

(VMT, starts, and vehicle 

population at 2002 levels)

26,920 2,274 367 7

(3)

Emissions with Full Motor 

Vehicle Control Program in 

Place

(VMT, starts and vehicle population 

at 2018 levels)

31,071 2,793 435 6
E-7

As provided in the U.S. EPA guidance, to determine compliance with the provisions of 

the Act, the emissions levels calculated in Calculation 3 should be less than the 

emissions levels in Calculation 2:

Coachella Valley ROG: 2 < 3 tons per day

Western Mojave Desert ROG: 6 < 7 tons per day

Summary

The previous sections provide an analysis to demonstrate compliance with the 

provisions of the Act. To further illustrate the demonstration, Figure 1 and 2 below show 

graphically the emissions benefits of the motor vehicle control programs in offsetting 

ROG emissions due to increased VMT, starts, and vehicle population in the Coachella 

Valley and Western Mojave Desert, respectively, for the 1997 8-hour ozone standard 

(2002 base year). The left bar (in purple) shows the emissions in the base year with 

base year controls. The three bars on the right in each figure show the emissions levels 

in the attainment year for the three calculations identified above: the red bar shows 

attainment year emissions with base year controls and attainment year VMT, starts, and 

vehicle population, the green bar shows attainment year emissions with base year 

controls, VMT, starts, and vehicle population, and the blue bar shows attainment year 

emissions with attainment year controls, VMT, starts, and vehicle population. Based on 

the U.S. EPA guidance, if the blue bar is lower than the green bar, then the identified 

TCSs and TCMs are sufficient to offset the growth in emissions.

Figure E-1: ROG Emissions* from On-Road Mobile Sources in 

the Coachella Valley Ozone Nonattainment Area

* Does not include resting or diurnal loss emissions
E-8

Figure E-2: ROG Emissions* from On-Road Mobile Sources 

in the Western Mojave Desert Ozone Nonattainment Area

* Does not include resting or diurnal loss emissions
E-9

Table E-4: State of California Motor Vehicle Control Program

State of California Motor Vehicle Control Program (1990-Present)

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

Emission Control System Warranty. T 13,

CCR, 2035-2041, 1977

12/14/89 On-road

Certification Procedure for Aftermarket

Parts. VC 27156 & 38391

02/08/90 On-road

Emission Standards for Medium Duty

Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1900, 1956.8,

1960.1, 1968.1, 2061, 2112, 2139

06/14/90 On-road

Wintertime Limits for Sulfur in Diesel

Fuel. T 13, CCR, 2255

06/21/90 Fuels

Evaporative Emission Standards. T 13,

CCR, 1976

08/09/90 On-road

California Reformulated Gasoline

(CaRFG), Phase I. T 13, CCR, 2251.5

09/27/90 Fuels

Low Emission Vehicles and Clean Fuels.

T 13, CCR, 1900, 1904, 1956.8, 1960.1,

1960.1.5, 1960.5 and 2111, 2112, 2125,

and 2139, 2061.

09/28/90 On-road

Heavy Duty Diesel Smoke Emission

Testing. T 13, CCR, 2180-2187

11/08/90 On-road

Limit on Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuel.

T 13, CCR, 2256

12/13/90 Fuels

Onboard Diagnostics for Light-Duty

Trucks and Light & Medium-Duty Motor

Vehicles. T 13, CCR, 1977, 1968.1

09/12/91 On-road

Onboard Diagnostic, Phase II. T 13, CCR,

1968.1, 1977

11/12/91 On-road

Low Emission Vehicles amendments

revising reactivity adjustment factor (RAF)

provisions and adopting a RAF for M85

transitional low emission vehicles. T 13,

CCR, 1960.1

11/14/91 On-road

California Reformulated Gasoline, Phase

II. T 13, CCR, 2250, 2255.1, 2252, 2260 -

2272, 2295

11/21/91 Fuels

Wintertime Gasoline Program. T 13, CCR,

2258, 2298, 2251.5, 2296

11/21/91 Fuels

Specifications for Alternative Motor

Vehicle Fuel. T 13, & 26, CCR, 2290,

2291, 2292.1, 2292.2, 2292.3, 2292.5,

2292.6, 2292.7, 1960.1(k), 1956.8(b),

1956.8(d)

12/12/91 Fuels

Specifications for Alternative Motor

Vehicle Fuels. T 13, & 26, CCR, 2290-

2292.7, 1960.1(k), 1956.8(b), 1956.8(d)

03/12/92 On-road

Standards and Test Procedures for

Alternative Fuel Retrofit Systems. T 13,

CCR, 2030, 2031

05/14/92 On-road

Phase 2 RFG certification fuel

specifications. T 13, CCR, 1960.1,

08/13/92 On-road
E-10

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

1956.8(d)

Substitute Fuel or Clean Fuel Incorporated

Test Procedures. T 13, CCR, 1960.1(k),

2317

11/12/92 On-road

Smoke Self Inspection Program for Heavy

Duty Diesel & Gasoline Engines. T 13,

CCR, 21902194, 2180-2187, 1956.8(b)

12/10/92 On-road

Certification Requirements for Low

Emission Passenger Cars, Light-Duty

Trucks & Medium Duty Vehicles. T 13,

CCR, 1960.1, 1976, 2061, 1900

01/14/93 On-road

Urban Transit Buses. T 13, CCR, 1956.8,

1965, 2112

06/10/93 On-road

Onboard Diagnostic, Phase II. T 13, CCR,

1968.1

07/09/93 On-road

Wintertime Oxygenate Program. T 13,

CCR, 2258, 2251.5, 2263(b), 2267, 2298,

2259, 2283, 2293.5

09/09/93 Fuels

Diesel Fuel Regulations -Emergency. T 13,

CCR, 2281(h), 2282(1)

10/15/93 Fuels

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test

Procedures. T 13, CCR, 1976

02/10/94 On-road

Predictive Model for Phase II CaRFG. T

13, CCR, 2261, 2262-2270

06/09/94 Fuels

Small Refiner Diesel. T 13, CCR,

2282(e)(1)

07/24/94 Fuels

Diesel Fuel Certification. T 13, CCR,

1956.8(b)&(d), 1960.1(k), 2292.6

09/22/94 Fuels

Self Inspection Program for Heavy Duty

Diesel & Gasoline Engines. T 13, CCR,

2190-2194, 21802187, 1956.8(b)

11/09/94 On-road

Onboard Diagnostics, Phase II. T 13,

CCR,1963.1, & Certification Procedures

12/08/94 On-road

Periodic Smoke Inspection Program. T 13,

CCR, 2190

12/08/94 On-road

Specification for Alternative Motor

Vehicle Fuels (M100). T 13 CCR, 2292.1

12/08/94 Fuels

Heavy Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission

Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.8 and

incorporate test procedures.

06/29/95 On-road

Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery

Standards. T 13, CCR, 1976, 1978 and

incorporate test procedures

06/29/95 On-road

Test Method for Oxygen in Gasoline. T 13,

CCR, 2251.5(c), 2258(c), 2263(b)

06/29/95 Fuels

Retrofit Emission Standards. T 13, CCR,

1956.9, 2030, 2031, and incorporate test

procedures

07/27/95 On-road

Low Emission Vehicle Standards 3 (LEV

3). T 13, CCR, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1965,

2101, 2061, 2062, and incorporate test

procedures

09/28/95 On-road
E-11

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

Test Methods for CaRFG 13, CCR,

2263(b)

10/26/95 Fuels

Required Additives in Gasoline (Deposit

Control Additives). T 13, CCR, 2257 and

incorporates testing procedures.

11/16/95 Fuels

CaRFG Housekeeping & CARBOB. T 13,

CCR, 2263.7, 2266.5, 2260, 2262.5, 2264,

2265, 2272

12/14/95 Fuels

Exemption of Military Tactical Vehicles. T

13, CCR, 1905, 2400, 2420

12/14/95 On Road/Off Road

CaRFG Variance Requirements. T 13,

CCR, 2271 (Emergency)

01/25/96 Fuels

Postpone Zero Emission Vehicle

Requirements. T 13, CCR, 1900, 1960.1,

1976

03/28/96 On-road

Regulation Improvements and Repeals

(fuel additives). T 13, CCR, 2201, 2202

05/30/96 Fuels

Diesel Fuel Certification Test Methods . T

13, CCR, 1956.8(b), 1960.1(k), 2281(c),

2282(b), (c) and (g)

10/24/96 Fuels

Diesel Fuel Test Methods. T 13, CCR,

1956.8(b), 1960.1(k), 2281(c), 2282(b), (c)

and (g)

10/24/96 Fuels

Onboard Diagnostics, Phase II, Technical

Status. T 13, CCR, 1968.1, 2030, 2031

12/12/96 On-road

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Propane Limit

Specification Delay. T 13, CCR, 2292.6

03/27/97 Fuels

Postpone Enhanced Evaporative Emission

Requirements for Ultra-Small Volume

Vehicle Manufacturers. T 13, CCR, 1976

and incorporate test procedures

05/22/97 On-road

Off-Cycle Emissions Supplemental

Federal Test Procedures (SFTPs). T 13,

CCR, 1960.1, 2101 and incorporate test

procedures

07/24/97 On-road

Heavy Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection

Program/Periodic Smoke Inspection

Program. T 13, CCR, 2180-2188 and

2190-2194

12/11/97 On-road

Heavy Duty Vehicle Regulations: 2004

Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.8, 1965, 2036,

2112 and test procedures

04/23/98 On-road

Cleaner Burning Gasoline Model

Flexibility. T 13, CCR, sections 2260,

2262.1, 2262.3, 2262.4, 2262.5, 2262.6,

2262.7 and 2265

08/27/98 Fuels

Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems. T 17,

CCR, 94010-94015 and 94150, 94156,

94157, 94158, 94159, 94160, 94162

08/27/98 Vapor Recovery

Gasoline Deposit Control Additive

Regulation. T 13, CCR, 2257, and

incorporating test procedures

09/24/98 Fuels

Low Emission Vehicles Standards (LEV 2) 11/05/98 On-road
E-12

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

and Compliance Assurance Program (CAP

2000). T 13, CCR,1961 & 1962 (both

new); 1900, 1960.1, 1965, 1968.1, 1976,

1978, 2037, 2038, 2062, 2101, 2106, 2107,

2110, 2112, 2114, 2119, 2130, 2137-2140,

2143-2148

Exhaust Standards for (On-Road)

Motorcycles. T 13, CCR, 1958

12/10/98 On-road

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle

Retirement Regulations. T 13, CCR, 2600-

2610

12/10/98 On-road

Cleaner Burning Gasoline (Increasing the

Oxygen Content). T 13, CCR, sections

2262.5(b) and 2265(a)(2)

12/11/98 Fuels

Specifications for Liquid Petroleum Gas

Used as a Motor Vehicle Fuel. T 13, CCR,

2292.6

12/11/98 Fuels

Cleaner Burning Gasoline, Oxygen

Requirement for Wintertime In Lake

Tahoe Area/Gas Pump Labeling for

MTBE. T 13, CCR, 2262.5, and 2273

06/24/99 Fuels

Clean Fuels Regulation Requirements. T

13, CCR, sections 2300-2317, and 2303.5,

2311.5

07/22/99 On-road

CaRFG Phase 3 Amendments (Phase out

of MTBE, standards, predictive model). T

13, CCR, 2260, 2261, 2262.1, 2262.5,

2263, 2264, 2264.2, 2265, 2266 etc...

12/09/99 Fuels

Transit Bus Standards. T 13, CCR, 1956.1,

1956.2, 1956.3, 1956.4, 1956.8, 1965

02/24/00 On-road

CaRFG Phase 3 Follow-up Amendments.

T 13, CCR, sections 2260, 2261, 2262.3,

2262.5, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2266.5,

2270, 2272, 2273, 2282, 2296, 2297,

2262.9 and incorporated test procedures

11/16/00 Fuels

CaRFG Phase 3 Test Methods. T 13, CCR,

sections 2263(b)

11/16/00 Fuels

Heavy Duty Diesel Engines "Not-toExceed (NTE)" Test Procedures. T 13

CCR, 1956.8, 2065

12/07/00 On-road

Light-and Medium Duty Low Emission

Vehicle Alignment with Federal Standards.

Exhaust Emission Standards for Heavy

Duty Gas Engines. T 13, CCR, 1956.8

&1961

12/07/00 On-road

Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation Update.

T 13, CCR, 1900, 1960.1(k), 1961, 1962 &

incorporated Test Procedure

01/25/01 On-road

Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure and

Standardization of Electric Vehicle

Charging Equipment. T 13, CCR, 1900(b),

1962(b) 1962.1

06/28/01 On-road

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Standards for 10/25/01 On-road
E-13

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

2007 and Later. T 13, CCR, 1956.8 and

incorporated test procedures

Low Emission Vehicle Regulations. T 13,

CCR, 1960.1,1960.5, 1961, 1962 and

incorporate test procedures and guidelines

11/15/01 On-road

California Motor Vehicle Service

Information Rule. T 13&17, CCR, 1969 &

60060.1 -60060.7

12/13/01 On-road

Voluntary Accelerated Light Duty Vehicle

Retirement Regulations. T 13, CCR, 2601-

2605, 2606 & appendices C & D, and

2607-2610

02/21/02 On-road

On-Board Diagnostic II Review

Amendments. T 13, CCR, 1968.1, 1968.2,

1968.5

04/25/02 On-road

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure,

Warranty and In-Use Compliance

Requirements. T 13, CCR, 2700-2710

05/16/02 On-road

Revision to Transit Bus Regulations

Amendments. T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2,

1956.4,1956.8, and 2112, & documents

incorporated by reference

10/24/02 On-road

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for

Diesel Particulate from School Bus Idling.

T13, CCR, 2480

12/12/02 On-road

Low Emission Vehicles II. Align Heavy

Duty Gas Engine Standards with Federal

Standards; minor administrative changes.

T 13, CCR, 1961, 1965, 1956.8, 1956.1,

1978, 2065 and documents incorporated by

reference

12/12/02 On-road

Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for

2003. T 13, CCR, 1960.1(k), 1961(a) and

(d), 1900, 1962, and documents

incorporated by reference

03/25/03 On-road

Solid Waste Collection Vehicles. T 13,

CCR, 2020, 2021, 2021.1, 2021.2

09/24/03 On-road

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for

Diesel Particulate for Transport

Refrigeration Units. T 13, CCR, 2022 &

2477

12/11/03 On-road

Diesel Retrofit Verification Procedure,

Warranty and In-Use Compliance

Requirements (Amendments). T 13, CCR,

2701-2707 & 2709

12/11/03 On-road

CA Motor Vehicle Service Information

Rule. T 13, CCR, 1969

01/22/04 On-road

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine-Chip Reflash.

T 13, CCR, 2011, 2180.1, 2181, 2184,

2185, 2186, 2192, and 2194

03/27/04 On-road

Engine Manufacturer Diagnostic System

Requirements for 2007 and Subsequent

Model Heavy Duty Engines. T 13, CCR,

05/20/04 On-road
E-14

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

1971

Urban Bus Engines/Fleet Rule for Transit

Agencies. T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2,

1956.3, and 1956.4,

06/24/04 On-road

Airborne Toxic Control Measure for

Diesel Particulate from Diesel Fueled

Commercial Vehicle Idling. T 13, CCR,

2485

07/22/04 On-road

Greenhouse Gas. T 13, CCR, 1961.1,

1900, 1961 and Incorporated Test

Procedures

09/23/04 On-road

California Reformulated Gasoline, Phase

3. T 13, CCR, 2260, 2262, 2262.4, 2262.5,

2262.6, 2262.9, 2263, 2265 (and the

incorporated “California Procedures”), and

2266.5

11/18/04 Fuels

Diesel Fuel Standards for Harborcraft &

Locomotives. T 13, CCR, 2299, 2281,

2282, and 2284, and T 17, CCR, 93117

11/18/04 Fuels

Emergency Regulation for Temporary

Delay of Diesel Fuel Lubricity Standard. T

13, CCR, 2284

11/24/04 Fuels

Transit Fleet Rule. T 13, CCR, 2023,

2023.1, 2023.2, 2023.3, 2023.4, 1956.1,

2020, 2021, repeal 1956.2, 1956.3, 1956.4

02/24/05 On-road

On-Board Diagnostic System

Requirements for 2010 and Subsequent

Model-Year Heavy-Duty Engines (HD

OBD). T 13, CCR, 1971.1

07/21/05 On-road

2007-2009 Model-Year Heavy Duty Urban

Bus Engines and the Fleet Rule for Transit

Agencies. T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.2, and

1956.8

09/15/05 On-road

Requirements to Reduce Idling Emissions

from New and In-Use Trucks, Beginning

in 2008. T 13, CCR section1956.8 and the

incorporated document

10/20/05 On-road

Diesel Particulate Matter Control Measure

for On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled

Vehicles Owned or Operated by Public

Agencies and Utilities. T 13, CCR, 2022

and 2022.1

12/08/05 On-road

AB1009 Heavy-Duty Vehicle Smoke

Inspection Program. T 13, CCR, 2180,

2180.1, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185,

2186, 2187, and 2188, 2189

01/26/06 On-road

Diesel Verification Procedure, Warranty &

In-Use. T 13, CCR, 2702, 2703, 2704,

2706, 2707, and 2709.

03/23/06 On-road

Technical Amendments to Evaporative

Exhaust and Evaporative Emissions Test

Procedures. T 13, CCR, 1961,1976 and

1978.

05/25/06 On-road
E-15

Table E-4: Transportation Control Strategies Adopted by the California Air Resources Board since 1990

Measure Hearing Date Category

California Motor Vehicle Service

Information Rule. T 13, CCR, 1969 and

incorporated documents

06/22/06 On-road

Heavy-Duty In-Use Compliance

Regulation. T 13, CCR, 1956.1, 1956.8,

and documents incorporated by reference

09/28/06 On-road

On-Board Diagnostic II. T 13, CCR,

1968.2, 1968.5, 2035, 2037 and 2038

09/28/06 On-road

Zero Emission Bus Regulation. T13, CCR,

2023.1, 2023.3, & 2023.4

10/19/06 On-road

Voluntary Accelerated Retirement

Regulation. T 13, CCR, 2601-2610 and

appendices A-D

12/07/06 On-road

Phase 3 Reformulated Gasoline

(Ethanol Permeation)

T 13, CCR, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264,

2265, 2266, 2270, 2271, and 2273

06/14/07 On-road

Aftermarket Catalytic Converters and

Used Catalytic Converters

T 13, CCR, 2222

10/25/07 On-road

Port Truck Modernization

T 13, CCR, 2027

12/07/07 On-road

Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks

T 13, CCR, 2025

12/11/08 On-road

Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program

(formerly “Expanded Vehicle Retirement

Program”)

T 13, CCR, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624,

2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, and 2630

06/26/09 On-road

Advanced Clean Cars

T 13, CCR, 1900, 1956, 1960, 1961, 1962,

1965, 1968, 1976, 1978, 2037, 2038, 2062,

2112, 2139, 2140, 2145, 2147, 2235, 2300,

2302, 2303, 2304, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309,

2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316,

2317, and 2318

01/27/12 On-road