### May 8, 2015

Exemption No. 11514

Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2015–0468

Mr. Luis Cardenas

DroneWorks, Inc.

3400 Powerline Road

Oakland Park, FL 33309

Dear Mr. Cardenas:

This letter is to inform you that we have gran ted your request for exemption. It transmits our

decision, explains its basis, and gives you th e conditions and limitations of the exemption,

including the date it ends.

By letter dated February 17, 2015, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

on behalf of DroneWorks, Inc. (hereinafter petitioner or operator) for an exemption. The

exemption would allow the petitioner to opera te an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to

conduct precision aerial surveys and photography.

See Appendix A for the petition submitted to the FAA describing the proposed operations and

the regulations that the petitioner seeks an exemption.

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to the petitioner.

Airworthiness Certification

The UAS proposed by the petitioner is a DroneWorks i1.

The petitioner requested relief from 14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products

and parts, Subpart H—Airworthiness Certificates . In accordance with the statutory criteria

### 2

provided in Section 333 of Public Law 112

− 95 in reference to 49 U.S.C. § 44704, and in

consideration of the size, weight, speed, a nd limited operating area associated with the

aircraft and its operation, the S ecretary of Transportation has de termined that this aircraft

meets the conditions of Section 333. Therefore, the FAA finds that the requested relief from

14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products and parts, Subpart H—Airworthiness

Certificates , and any associated noise certification and testing requirements of part 36, is

not necessary.

The Basis for Our Decision

You have requested to use a UAS for aerial data collection. The FAA has issued grants of

exemption in circumstances similar in all materi al respects to those pres ented in your petition.

In Grants of Exemption No s. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial ( see Docket No. FAA

− 2014

− 0352),

11109 to Clayco, Inc. ( see Docket No. FAA

− 2014

− 0507), 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC ( see

Docket No. FAA

− 2014

− 0382), and 11213 to Aeryon Labs, Inc. ( see Docket No.

FAA

− 2014

− 0642), the FAA found that the enhanced safety achieved using an unmanned

aircraft (UA) with the specifica tions described by the petition er and carrying no passengers or

crew, rather than a manned aircraft of signi ficantly greater proporti ons, carrying crew in

addition to flammable fuel, gi ves the FAA good cause to find th at the UAS operation enabled

by this exemption is in the public interest.

Having reviewed your reasons for re questing an exemption, I find that—

 They are similar in all material respects to relief previously re quested in Grant of

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 11213;

 The reasons stated by the FAA for granting Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and

11213 also apply to the situ ation you present; and

 A grant of exemption is in the public interest.

Our Decision

In consideration of the foregoing, I find that a gr ant of exemption is in the public interest.

Therefore, pursuant to the authority contained in 49 U.S. C. 106(f), 40113, and 44701,

delegated to me by the Administrator, DroneWo rks, Inc. is granted an exemption from

14 CFR §§ 61.23(a) and (c), 61.101(e)(4) and (5), 61.113(a), 61.315(a), 91.7(a), 91.119(c),

91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a )(1), 91.409(a)(1) an d (2), and 91.417(a) and (b), to

the extent necessary to allow the petitioner to ope rate a UAS to perform aerial data collection.

This exemption is subject to the conditions and limitations listed below.

Conditions and Limitations

In this grant of exemption, DroneWorks, Inc. is hereafter referred to as the operator.

### 3

Failure to comply with any of the conditions an d limitations of this grant of exemption will be

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the DroneWorks

i1when weighing less than 55 pounds includi ng payload. Proposed operations of any

other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this exemption.

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming are

not permitted.

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine

compliance with the 87 knot speed restricti on. In no case will the UA be operated at

airspeeds greater than the maximum UA operating airspeed recommended by the

aircraft manufacturer.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level

(AGL). Altitude must be reported in feet AGL.

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of th e PIC at all times.

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or

U.S. driver’s license.

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within

the visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PI C and VO at all times. The VO may be used

to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS

capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times;

electronic messaging or texting is not pe rmitted during flight operations. The PIC

must be designated before the flight and ca nnot transfer his or her designation for the

duration of the flight. The PIC must en sure that the VO can perform the duties

required of the VO.

7. This exemption and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its

operations in accordance with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of

exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the operating documents. The operating

documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made available to the

Administrator upon request. If a discre pancy exists between the conditions and

limitations in this exemption and the pro cedures outlined in the operating documents,

the conditions and limitations herein ta ke precedence and must be followed.

Otherwise, the operator must follow the pr ocedures as outlined in its operating

documents. The operator may update or revi se its operating documents. It is the

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and pr esent updated and revised

documents to the Administrator or any la w enforcement official upon request. The

### 4

operator must also present updated and revise d documents if it petitions for extension

or amendment to this grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update

or revision would affect the basis upon wh ich the FAA granted this exemption, then

the operator must petition for an amendmen t to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s

UAS Integration Office (AFS

− 80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding

updates or revisions to the operating documents.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that aff ect the UAS operation

or flight characteristics, e .g., replacement of a flight cr itical component, must undergo

a functional test flight prio r to conducting further opera tions under this exemption.

Functional test flights may only be conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at

least 500 feet from other people. The functi onal test flight must be conducted in such

a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property.

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is

in a condition for safe operation.

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the

UAS is in a condition for safe flight. Th e pre-flight inspection must account for all

potential discrepancies, e.g., inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the

inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the

UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight.

11. The operator must follow the UAS manu facturer’s maintenance, overhaul,

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements for the aircraft and

aircraft components.

12. Each UAS operated under this exempti on must comply with all manufacturer

safety bulletins.

13. Under this grant of exemption, a PIC mu st hold either an airline transport,

commercial, private, recreational, or sport pi lot certificate. The PIC must also hold a

current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s license issued by a

state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the Federal

government. The PIC must also meet the f light review requirements specified in

14 CFR § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PI C is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

14. The operator may not permit any PIC to ope rate unless the PIC demonstrates the

ability to safely operate the UAS in a ma nner consistent with how the UAS will be

operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and

maintaining appropriate distan ces from persons, vessels, vehi cles and structures. PIC

qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner consistent with

14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs

### 5

(training, proficiency, and e xperience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to

safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated

under this exemption are permitted under the terms of this exemption. However,

training operations may only be conducted dur ing dedicated training sessions. During

training, proficiency, and expe rience-building flights, al l persons not essential for

flight operations are considered nonpartic ipants, and the PIC must operate the UA

with appropriate distance from nonparti cipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119.

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All

operations must be conducted under visual me teorological conditions (VMC). Flights

under special visual flight rule s (SVFR) are not authorized.

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical mile s of an airport reference point (ARP) as

denoted in the current FAA Airport/Facil ity Directory (AFD) or for airports not

denoted with an ARP, the center of the airport symbol as denoted on the current

FAA-published aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s

management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption

holder. The letter of agreement with the ai rport management must be made available

to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a

pre-determined location within the pr ivate or controlled-access property.

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the even t of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a f light unless (considering wind and forecast

weather conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the

intended operation and to operate after that fo r at least five minutes or with the reserve

power recommended by the manufacturer if greater.

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Author ization (COA). All

operations shall be conducted in accorda nce with an ATO-issued COA. The

exemption holder may apply for a new or amended COA if it intends to conduct

operations that cannot be conducted unde r the terms of the attached COA.

22. All aircraft operated in accord ance with this exemption must be identified by serial

number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification

(N

− Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must

be as large as practicable.

### 6

23. Documents used by the operator to ensure th e safe operation and flight of the UAS and

any documents required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the

PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating.

These documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement

official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and give wa y to all manned aviation operations and

activities at all times.

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle.

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating

persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently pr otect nonparticipating persons

from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure

that nonparticipating persons remain under su ch protection. If a situation arises

where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of

the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the safety

of nonparticipating persons; and

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or struct ures has granted permission

for operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of

the risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it does not

present an undue hazard.

The PIC, VO, operator trainees or es sential persons are not considered

nonparticipating persons under this exemption.

27. All operations shall be conducted over priv ate or controlled-access property with

permission from the property owner/contro ller or authorized representative.

Permission from property owner/controller or authorized representative will be

obtained for each flight to be conducted.

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS

− 80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be

reported to the National Transportation Sa fety Board (NTSB) per instructions

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov

.

If this exemption permits operations for th e purpose of closed-set motion picture and

television filming and production, the following additional conditions and limitations apply.

29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM)

as documented in this grant of exemption.

### 7

30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this

exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards

District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction ove r the area of proposed filming. The 3-day

notification may be waived w ith the concurrence of the FSDO. The plan of activities

must include at least the following:

a. Dates and times for all flights;

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted

under this grant of exemption;

c. Name and phone number of the person res ponsible for the on-s cene operation of

the UAS;

d. Make, model, and serial or N

− Number of UAS to be used;

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PI Cs involved in the aerial filming;

f. A statement that the operator has obtain ed permission from property owners

and/or local officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those

who gave permission must be made av ailable to the inspector upon request;

g. Signature of exemption holde r or representative; and

h. A description of the flight activity, includi ng maps or diagrams of any area, city,

town, county, and/or state over which film ing will be conducted and the altitudes

essential to accomplish the operation.

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer th an 500 feet from pa rticipating persons

consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the

exemption holder’s MPTOM.

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS

operations must comply with al l applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to,

parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

This exemption terminates on May 31, 2017, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.

Sincerely,

/s/

John S. Duncan

Director, Flight St andards ServiceFebruary 17

, 2015

U

. S

. D ep a r t m ent o f T r a n spo rt a t i on

D oc k e t M ana g e m ent S y s t em

1200 N ew Je r sey A v e

. , S E

W a s h i ng t on, D C 20590

R e: E x e m p t i on R e q ue s t U n d er S e c t i on 333 o f t he F A A R e f o r m A c t a n d

P a r t 11 o f t he Fed e r al A v i a t i on R e g u l a t i ons

D ear Si r o r M ada m :

P u r suant t o S ec t i on 333 o f t he F A A M ode r n i z a t i on and R e f o r m A c t o f 20 1 2 ( t he “ R e f o r m A c t ” )

and 14 C

. F

. R

. P a r t 1 1 , Luis Cardenas of ( “ DroneWorks ” )

, Owner and ope r a t or o f t he i1

U n m anned Ai r c r a f t S y s t em ( “ UAS ” o r “ i1 ” )

, se e ks an e x e m p t i on fr o m t he Fed e r al

A v i a t i on R e g u l a t i ons ( “ F AR s ” ) li s t ed be l ow and d i scussed i n A ppend i x A

. 1 A tt ached as

A ppend i x B i s a su m m a r y of t h i s r e q ue s t

.

T he r e q ue s t ed e x e m p t i on w ou l d pe rm i t co m m e r c i al ope r a t i on o f DroneWorks’ UAS

, w h i ch w e i g hs

5

. 5 l bs. and pe r f o r m s p r e c i s i on ae r i al su r v e y s t hat cons i st o f s t il l pho t o g r a p hs t a k en by onboa r d

ca m e r a s

. T he i1 t a k e s a s e r i es o f h i g h q ua li t y

, s t il l d i g i t al i m a g es t h a t a r e used t o p r od u ce

p r ec i s i on d i g i t al po i nt c l ouds, tr i a n g u l a t ed m ode l s

, and con t o u r m aps o f t h e su r v e y ed a r ea.

A pp li ca t i ons f or t he s e U A S de v i ces and assoc i a t ed da t a p r oc e ss i ng f u n c t i ons i nc l ude

ag r i cu l t u r e

, m i n i ng, and p r o f ess i onal s u r v e y i n g

. U se o f t he UAS f o r a e r i al su r v e y s r educes t he

need t o ope r a t e con v en t i onal a i r c r a f t f o r t he s a m e pu r pose and p r o v i des h i g h q ua li t y i m a g e r y

at a fr a c t i on o f t he cost o f s u r v e y s us i ng con v en t i onal a i r c r a ft

. T h ese sa v i n g s r esu l t i n

enhanced e ff i c i ency and p r oduc t i v i t y f o r t he a ff ec t ed ac t i v i t i es, as w e l l as en v i r on m en t al

ben e f i t s

. 2

1 S ee P ub. Law 112

- 9 5

, 1 26 S t a t . 11, § 333 ( 201 2 )

2 S ee, e

. g. Ja c k Ni cas, D r ones F i nd Fans A m ong Fa rm e r s, F il

mm a ke r s

, W A L L S T REET

J O URNAL ( M a r ch 10, 20 1 4, 7 : 45 P M ) ( de s c r i b i ng how an o v e r seas su r v e y or used t o spend

25

, 000 E u r o ( $34

, 34 5 ) t o su r v ey 15 s q ua r e k il o m e t e r s w i t h a t e a m o f 12 s u r v e y o r s, and i t w ou l d

t a k e 2 t o 3 w eeks t o co l l ect a l l t he d a t a. W i t h a DroneWorks i1 , he a c co m p l i shed t he s a m e t a s k

f or 5

, 000 E u r o and g ot a l l t h e da t a he needed i n 3 t o 4 da y s. B e cause t he su rv e y s cost h i m l ess

t o pe r f o r m

, he passes t h o s e sa v i n g s on t o h i s c u s t o m e r s

. ), a va il ab l e a t :

h tt p : / / on li ne

. w s j. c o m/ n e w s / a rt i c l es / SB 1000142 4 0527023047328045794 2 5342990070808.- 2

- O pe r a t i ons und e r t he e x e m p t i on w il l be sub j e c t t o s t r i ct ope r a t i ng r e q u i r e m en t s and cond i t i ons

t o ens u r e a t l ea s t an e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y t o cu rr e n t l y au t ho r i z ed ope r a t i ons us i n g m anned

a i r c r a f t and under cond i t i ons as m ay be m od i f i ed by t he F A A as r e q u i r ed b y S ec t i on 333

. 3

A s de sc r i bed m o r e f u ll y be l o w

, t he r e q ue s t ed e x e m p t i on w ou l d au t ho r i z e co mm e r c i al ope r a t i ons

o f a e r i al su r v e y s us i ng t h e i1

, w h i ch at 5

. 5 l bs. i s s m all i n s i z e

. 4 T he i1 w i l l be ope r a t ed under

co n tr o ll ed cond i t i o ns at l ow a l t i t ude i n a i r s p ace t h a t i s li m i t ed i n sc o pe, as des c r i bed m o r e f u ll y

he r e i n; i t w il l ha v e a u t o m a t ed co n t r ol f e a t u r e s, as des c r i bed be l o w

. The i1 a l so w il l be ope r a t ed

by an i nd i v idual w ho has passed an F A A app r o v ed g r ound t r a i n i ng e x am and a r e q u i r ed

m an u f a c t u r e r ’ s t r a i n i ng p r o g r a m f o r t he U AS

. F i na ll y

, t he a i r space i n w h i ch t he UA S

wil l ope r a t e w il l be d i sc l o sed t o t he F A A i n ad v a n ced.

DroneWorks r e spec t f u ll y sub m i t s t h a t becau s e t h i s s m a ll

, u n m anned a e r i al v eh i c l e

— w ill

be used i n li eu o f co m p a r a t i v e l y h a z a r dous ope r a t i ons now conduc t ed w i t h f i x ed w i ng and r o t a r y

con v en t i onal a i r c r a ft

, t he F A A can ha v e co n f i den c e t h a t t he op e r a t i ons w i l l ach i e v e at l east an

e q u i v a l ent l e v el or g r e a t er l e v el o f s a f e t y

. A pp r o v al of t h i s e x e m p t i on w ou l d t he r eby enhance

s a f e t y and f u l f il l t he S ec r e t a r y o f T r a nsp o r t a t i on ’ s (t he F A A A d m i n i s t r a t o r ’ s ) r e spons i b ili t i es

under S e c t i on 333 ( c) o f t he R e f o r m A ct t o “ e s t ab li sh r e q u i r e m e n t s f or t he s a f e op e r a t i on o f such

a i r c r a f t s y s t e m s i n t he n a t i onal a i r space s y s t e m

. ”

T he na m e and ad d r ess o f t he app li cant a r e :

A tt n: Luis Cardenas

P h: 754

- 234

- 7813

E m a il : Luroyale@gmail.com

A dd r ess: 3400 Powerline Road

Oakland Park

, Florida 33309

T he r e g u l a t i ons fr om w h i ch t he e x e m p t i on i s r e q u es t ed a r e as f o ll o w s:

14 C

. F

. R

. P a r t 21 ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 4 5

. 23 ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 6 1

. 113 ( a ) & ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 6 1

. 133 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 7 ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 9 ( b )( 2 ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 109 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 119;

3 W h il e DroneWorks i s f ili n g t h i s e x e m p t i on r e q uest on i t s o w n beha l f

, i t an t i c i pa t es t h a t it s

cus t o m e r s

, i n t he f u t u r e

, wil l f il e e x e m p t i on app li c a t i ons t o a ll ow t hem t o o pe r a t e t he i1 i n

co mm e r c i al ope r a t i ons a t t he i r o w n f ac ili t i es, f a r m s, m i nes, and o t her s i t es t hat r e q u i r e p r ec i s i on

su r v e y s. T hose f ili n g s w i l l be subs t a n t i a ll y s i m il ar t o t h i s e x e m p t i o n app li ca t i on.

4 DroneWorks e x pec t s t o r ece i v e a S pec i al Ai r w o rt h i ness C e r t i f i ca t e ( E x pe r i m e n t a l ) f or t he i1

as t he r esu l t o f t he app li ca t i on i t f il ed on February 17, 20 1 5.- 3

- 14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 151 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 203 ( a ) & ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 405 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 407 ( a )( 1 ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 409 ( a )( 2 ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 417 ( a )

.

A ppend i x A d i scusses e ach r u l e li s t ed abo v e and e x p l a i ns w h y e x e m p t i ons pu r sua n t t o t he

p r oposal s e t f o r t h i n t h i s l e tt e r a r e ap p r op r i a t e

, p r o v i de an e q u i v a l ent l e v el o f s a f e t y , and a r e i n

t he pub l i c i n t e r es t

.

T H E A PP L I C A B L E L EG A L ST A N D A R D UNDE R SEC T IO N 333

DroneWorks su b m i t s t h a t g r a nt o f t h i s e x e m p t i on app li ca t i on f o r u se o f t he i1 i n p r ec i s i on a e r i al

su r v e y s w i l l ad v ance t he C on g r e s s i onal m and a t e i n S ec t i on 333 o f t h e R e f o r m A ct t o acce l e r a t e

t he i n t r oduc t i on o f UAS s i n t o t he na t i onal a i r space s y s t em ( “ NAS ” ) i f i t can be acc o m p li shed

s a f e l y

. T h i s l aw d i r ec t s t he S ec r e t a r y o f T r a n spo r t a t i on t o con s i der w he t h e r c e rt a i n UAS s m ay

ope r a t e s a f e l y i n t he N A S b e f o r e c o m p l e t i on o f t h e r u l e m a k i n g r e q u i r ed u n der S e c t i on 332 o f

t he R e f o r m A c t

. I n m a k i ng t h i s d e t e r m i na t i o n

, t h e S ec r e t a r y i s r e q u i r ed t o de t e rm i ne w h i ch

t y pes o f UAS s do n o t c r e a t e a ha z a r d t o u s e r s o f t he NA S or t he pub li c or pose a t h r e a t t o

na t i onal secu r i t y i n l i g ht o f t he f o ll o wi n g :

• T he UAS’ s s i z e, w e i g h t , speed, and ope r a t i onal c apab ili t y ;

• O pe r a t i on o f t he UA S i n c l ose p r o x i m i t y t o a i r po r t s and popu l a t ed a r eas; a nd

• O pe r a t i on o f t he UA S w i t h i n v i sual li ne of s i g h t o f t he op e r a t o r

.

R e f o r m A c t § 333 ( a )( 1 )

. I f t he S ec r e t a r y de t e r m i nes t h a t s uch v eh i c l es “m ay ope r a t e s a f e l y i n

t he n a t i onal a i r space s y s t e m

, t he S e c r e t a r y sha l l es t ab li sh r e q u i r e m e n t s f or t he s a f e op e r a t i on

o f such a i r c r a f t i n t he na ti onal a i r space s y s t e m

. ” I d. §33 3 ( c) ( e m phas i s a d ded )

. 5

T he Fede r al A v i a t i on A ct e x p r ess l y g r a n t s t he F A A t he a u t h o r i t y t o i ssue e x e m p t i ons. T h i s

s t a t u t o r y a u t ho r i t y

, by i t s t e r m s, i nc l udes e x e m p t i n g c i v i l a i r c r a f t

, as t he t e r m i s d e f i ned und e r §40101 o f t he A c t

, fr o m t he r e q u i r e m ent t h a t a l l c i v i l a i r c r a f t m u s t ha v e a c u rr e n t a i r w o rt h i n ess

ce rt i f i c a t e and t h o se r e gu l a t i ons r e q u i r i n g co mm e r c i al p il o t s t o op e r a t e a i r c r a f t i n c o mm e r c i al

se r v i ce:

T he A d m i n i s t r a t o r m ay g r ant an e x e m p t i on fr om a r e q u i r e m ent o f a r e g u l a t i on

p r esc r i bed under subse c t i on ( a ) o r ( b) o f t h i s se c t i on or any o f sec t i ons

5 A pp li cant su b m i t s t h a t t h i s p r o v i s i on p l aces a d u t y on t he A d m i n i s t r a t o r t o not on l y p r ocess

app li ca t i ons f or e x e m p t i o ns under S ec t i on 333, b u t f or t he A d m i n i s t r a t o r

, i f he dee m s t he

cond i t i ons p r oposed he r e i n r e q u i r e m od i f i c a t i on i n o r d e r t o a ll ow app r o v a l

, t o supp l y cond i t i ons

f or t he s a f e ope r a t i on o f t he UA S

. DroneWorks w e l c o m es t he opp o r t un i t y t o c onsu l t w i t h F A A

s t a f f i n o r der t o add r ess any i s s ues or conc e r ns t hat t h i s p r oposal m ay r a i se t h a t t hey be li e v e

m ay r e q u i r e m od i f i ca t i o n

.E x h i b i t 4 and a l so be i n g sub m it t ed on a co n f i den t i al bas i s.

- 4

- 44702

- 44716 o f t h i s t i t l e i f t he A d m i n i s t r a t o r f i n d s t he e x e m p t i on i s i n t he

pub li c i n t e r es t

.

49 U

. S

. C

. §4470 1 ( f)

. S e e a l so 49 US C §4 4 711 ( a ) ; 49 US C §4470 4 ; 14 C FR §91

. 203 ( a )( 1 )

.

T he g r a n t o f t he r e q ue s t ed e x e m p t i on i s i n t he p u b li c i n t e r est based on t he c l ear d i r e c t i on i n

S ec t i on 333 o f t he R e f o r m A c t ; t he add i t i onal au t ho r i t y i n t he Fede r al A v i a t i on A c t

, a s a m ended;

t he s tr o n g e q u i v a l ent l evel o f s a f e t y su rr ound i n g t he p r oposed ope r a t i ons; and t he s i g n i f i ca n t

pub li c ben e f i t

, i nc l ud i ng enhanced s a f e t y and c o s t sa v i n g s assoc i a t ed w i t h t r ans i t i on i ng t o UAS s

f or ae r i al s u r v ey pho t o g r aph y

. A cco r d i n g l y

, t he a pp li cant r espe c t f u ll y r e q u es t s t hat t he F A A

g r ant t he r e q ue s t ed e x e m p t i on w i t hout de l a y

.

M anda t ory O per a ti ng C ond i t i ons

Gr a n t o f t he e x e m p t i on t o DroneWorks w il l be sub j e c t t o t he f o ll o wi ng m anda t o r y cond i t i ons,

w h i ch a r e based upon op e r a t i n g cond i t i ons s e t f o rt h f o r ope r a t i on o f UA S by pub l i c en t i t i es

p u r sua n t t o C e rt i f i ca t es o f A u t ho r i z a t i on, w i t h add i t i onal r e s tr i c t i ons:

• Al l ope r a t i ons t o oc c ur i n Cl as s G a i r sp a ce.

• O pe r a t i ons t o a v o i d co ng e s t ed or popu l a t ed a r e as, w h i ch a r e de p i c t ed i n y e ll o w on V FR

cha rt s

.

• O pe r a t i ons t o be condu c t ed o v er p r i v a t e or con t r o ll ed

- access p r o p e r t y

.

• P e rm i ss i on fr o m l and o w ne r/ co n tr o ll er r e q u i r ed be f o r e co m m enc i n g any f l i g h t

.

• O pe r a t i ons t o o c cur du r i ng Vi sual F li g ht R u l es M e t eo r o l o g i cal C ond i t i ons ( V M C )

.

• Ai r c r a f t t o r e m a i n w i t h i n Vi sual L i ne o f S i g ht ( V L O S )

.

o V L O S g u a r an t eed w i t h a c y l i nder of op e r a t i on a r ound ope r a t or o f 1⁄2 n au t i cal

m il es ( N M )

.

o C y l i nder w a l l s m ay be e x panded by obse r v er w i t h ab ili t y t o con t r ol a i r c r a ft

.

• O pe r a t i ons t o o c cur du r i ng da y li g ht ho u r s.

6 DroneWorks i s su b m i tt i n g u n der a r e q ue s t f or co n f i d e n t i a li t y t he f o ll o w i ng doc u m en t s i n

supp o r t of t h i s e x e m p t i on app li ca t i o n f o r t he i1 : 1 ) S a f e t y C hec k li st ( E x h i b i t 1 ) ; 2 ) T r a i n i n g

M anual ( E x h i b i t 2 ) ; and 3) M a i n t enance & I nspe c t i on M a nual f or t he i1 ( E x h i b i t 3 )

. DroneWorks

su b m it t ed t hese doc u m e n t s on a c o n f i den t i al bas i s t o t he F A A as pa r t o f t he SA C a pp li ca t i on

p r ocess under P a r t 2 1

. S ee a l so “ U ser G u i de

– DroneWorks i1 A e r i al I m a g i ng S o l u t i on

, ”

a t t ached a s Exhibit 4 and also being submitted on a confidential basis- 5

- • A bo v e Gr ound Le v el ( A G L) a l t i t ude t o be r es t r i c t ed t o 400 f ee t

.

• Al l ope r a t i ons conduc t ed i n v i c i n i t y of a i r po r t t o r e m a i n m o r e t han 2

. 5 N M f r om cen t e r li ne

a z i m u t h o f r un w ay cen t e r li ne m eas u r ed fr o m r u n w a y t h r esho l ds.

• O pe r a t or w i l l f il e a NO T A M f or each f li g h t

.

• Al l r e q u i r ed p e r m i ss i ons and pe r m i t s w il l be ob t a i ned f r o m t e r r i t o r i a l

, s t a t e

, cou n t y or c i t y

j u r i sd i c t i on s

, i nc l ud i ng l ocal l a w en f o r c e m en t

, f i r e, or o t h e r app r op r i a t e g o v e r n m e n t al

a g enc i e s

.

O per a t or R eq u i r e men t s

DroneWorks r e spec t f u ll y p r oposes t h a t ope r a t or r e q u i r e m en t s shou l d t a k e i n t o account t he

cha r ac t e r i s t i cs o f t he pa r t i cu l ar UAS

. C e r t a i n U A S s, such as t he DroneWorks i1 , a r e

cha r ac t e r i z ed by a h i g h deg r ee o f p r e

- p r o g r a m m ed con t r ol and v a r i ous b u il t

- i n t echn i cal

capab ili t i es t hat li m i t t he po t en t i al f o r o pe r a t i on o u t s i de o f t he op e r a t i n g c o nd i t i ons set f o rt h

abo v e.

T he i1 has a s e m i

- a u t ono m ous na v i g a t i on and con t r ol s y s t e m c o m p r i s e d o f a Gr ound C on t r ol

S t a t i on (G CS ) and au t o

- p il ot s y s t e m

. Al l f li g h t s a r e p r e

- p r o g r a mm ed w i t h G P S g u i dance and do

not r e q u i r e h u m an i n t e r v en t i on. F li g h t m i ss i on a r ea and r ou t i n g can be cha n g ed a ft e r

l aunch. F l i g h t s c an be d i r ec t ed by pos i t i v e m an u al con tr o l

, as well as e v as i ve m aneu v e r s

. I n

t he case o f unp l anned e v en t s, t he op e r a t o r i np u t s e v as i v e m aneu v e r s f r o m t he con tr ol un i t and

t he con t r ol un i t e x ecu t es t h a t m a n eu v e r

. P r e

- p r o g r a mm ed op e r a t o r i n t e r v en t i ons also i nc l ude

d i v e r s i on t o t he r i g h t ; i n i t i a t i on o f ho l d i ng at p r ese n t pos i t i on; suspe n s i on o f m i ss i on; f l y ba c k t o

l aun c h po i n t ; f l y t o po i nt and h o l d; abo r t m i ss i on and l and; and e m e r g ency po w er cut o f f and

l and ( F li g ht T e rm i n a t i on S y s t e m )

. 7

A dd i t i onal au t o m a t ed s a f e t y f unc t i ons and s a f e t y enhanc i ng f e a t u r es o f t h e i1 i nc l ude t he

f o ll o wi n g :

• A u t o

- p il ot d e t ec t i on o f l ost G P S o r o f i ns u ff i c i ent s a t e lli t es i n i t i a t es a n i mm ed i a t e

sp i r al l and i n g

.

• Low p o w er on t he a i r c r a f t tr i g g e r s e sca l a t i n g a l a rm s at G C S at 3 5 % and 10%

l e v e l s.

• I f t he a u t o

- p il ot de t e c t s a l os t

- li n k t o t he G C S f o r l o n g er t han 3 0 secon d s, auto

pilot

- return to home p r ocedu r e b e g i ns.

• Ai r c r a f t has an on

- boa r d f a il s a f e t hat li m i t s speed i n t he e v ent of d i v e t o

app r o x i m a t e l y 14 m / s.

7 DroneWorks s t a f f ha v e pe r f o rm ed o v er 1

, 245 f l i g h t s, l og g i n g m o r e t han 200 h ou r s o f f l i g h t

t i m e wi t h t he p r edece s sor o f t he i1

, t he PV2

. D e v e l op m ent o f t he i1 i nc l uded 100 e a r l y

de m o / b e t a f l i g h t s. T h e s e f li g h t s a m ou n t ed t o a b out 25 hou r s

. T he r e ha v e been abo u t 300

tr a i n i ng f l i g h t s f o r t he i1

, t o t a li ng abo u t 75 hou r s. DroneWorks do es not k eep d a t a on f l i g h t s

cond u c t ed by cus t o m e r s

, b u t t hey a r e es t i m a t ed t o ha v e r e a c h ed w e l l o v er 1

, 000 hou r s

.- 6

- • T he a i r c r a f t

, w e i g h i ng l e ss t han 6 l bs

. , f u ll y l oa d e d, i s con s tr u c t ed o f Carbon Fiber

,

o r s i m il ar m a t e r i al to keep the craft as light as possible

. 8

• T he m o t or i s d r i v en by a pu l se w i d t h m odu l a t ed s i g na l , not an ana l o g s i g n a l

.

G i v en t hese s a f e t y f ea t u r es, DroneWorks p r oposes t h a t op e r a t o r s o f t he i1 s h ou l d not be

r e q u i r e d t o ho l d a c o mm e r c i al or p r i v a t e p il ot ce r t i f i ca t i o n

. I n s t ead, ope r a t o r s shou l d be

r e q u i r ed t o:

• ha v e succes s f u ll y co m p l e t ed, a t a m i n i m u m

, F A A p r i v a t e p il ot g r ound i n s tr u c t i on

and passed t he F A A P r i v a t e P il ot w r i tt en e x a m i na t i on or F A A

- r ec o g n i z ed

e q u i v a l en t s;

• ha v e co m p l e t ed t he m a nu f ac t u r e r ’ s t r a i n i ng p r o g r am f or op e r a t i on o f t he U AS

. T he

m an u f a c t u r e r ’ s t r a i n i ng p r o g r a m w il l h a v e been sa t i s f a c t o r il y r e v i e w ed t h r o u g h t h e

SA C p r oces s

.

DroneWorks no t es t hat t he F A A has f ound t hat s a f e t y f a c t o r s pe r m it t ed op e r a t i on o f UAS s by

ope r a t o r s w i t h t hese q u a li f i ca t i ons i n t he case o f ope r a t i ons p u r sua n t t o p ub li c C O A s w hen t he

m anda t o r y ope r a t i n g co n d i t i ons spec i f i ed abo v e w e r e p r esen t

. S ee Fed e r a l A v i a t i on

A d m i n i s tr a t i o n

, N o t i ce N

- 8900

. 227, U n m anned Ai r c r a f t S y s t e m s ( UAS ) O p e r a t i onal A pp r o v a l

, a t

20

- 21 ( Ju l y 30, 201 3 )

. The F A A has t he s t a t u t o r y au t h o r i t y t o g r a n t e x e m p t i ons t o t he

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r and p r i v il e g es ass o c i a t ed w i t h t h e g r a n t o f a i r m en ’ s c e rt i f i ca t es. 4 9 US C

§44701 ( f )

.

* * *

I n s u m m a r y

, app li cant s e e k s an e x e m p t i on fr o m t he F AR s s e t f o r t h abo v e and i n A ppend i x A t o

a ll o w co mm e r c i al ope r a t i ons o f a s m a l l u n m ann e d v eh i c l e conduc t i ng p r e c i s i on ae r i al su r v e y s.

A p p r o v al of t he e x e m p t i o n a ll o wi ng c o mm e r c i al o pe r a t i ons o f t he i1 f o r p r ec i s i on su r v ey w o r k

wil l enhance s a f e t y by r e duc i ng r i s k

. C on v en t i o n al ae r i al su r v ey ope r a t i o ns, us i n g j e t o r

p i s t on

- po w e r ed a i r c r a f t p r esent r i s k s assoc i a t ed wi t h v eh i c l es t hat w e i g h i n t he ne i g hb o r hood o f

5

, 000 t o 7

, 000 l b s

. , or m o r e, ca r r y l a r g e q ua n t i t i es o f f ue l , passe n g e r s

, a n d, i n s o m e case s

,

ca r g o. S uch a i r c r a f t m u s t f l y t o and fr om t he su r v ey l oca t i on. I n con t r a s t , a i1 w e i g h i ng l ess

t han 6 l bs. and po w e r ed by ba tt e r i es e li m i na t es a po rt i on o f t hat r i s k g i v en t he r educed m ass

and l a c k o f c o m bu s t i b l e f uel ca rr i ed on bo a r d. T h e i1 i s c a rr i ed t o t he s u r v ey l oca t i on, not

f l o w n t h e r e. T he i1 w i l l ca rr y no passe n g e r s o r c r ew and, t he r e f o r e

, w il l not e x pose any

i nd i v i dua l s t o t he r i s k s a s soc i a t ed w i t h m anned a i r c r a f t f l i g h t s.

A dd i t i ona l l y

, no na t i onal secu r i t y i ssue i s r a i sed b y t he g r a n t o f t he r e q ue s t ed e x e m p t i ons.

G i v en t he s i z e, l oad ca rry i ng capac i t y

, speed at w h i ch i t ope r a t e s

, and t h e f a c t t hat i t ca r r i es no

e x p l os i v es or o t h e r da n ge r ous m a t e r i a l s, t he i1 poses no t h r e a t t o n a t i onal secu r i t y

.

8 DroneWorks h a s ca l cu l a t ed t he po t e n t i al ene r g y i n f l y i ng t he i1

. B ased on a m a x i m um speed

i n descent o f 2 m / s bu il t i n t o t he au t op il ot and t he i1 ’ s m ass o f 5.5lbs

, t he s e ca l cu l a t i ons y i e l d

300 Jou l es o f en e r g y

. A pp l y i ng t he C anad i an r e gu l a t o r y s t and a r d o f en e r g y / a r ea, t he i1 i s

ca l cu l a t ed t o be 5

. 9 J / cm 2. C anada i s p r opos i n g t o app l y no r e g u l a t i on t o a UA S be l ow 15

J / c m 2.T he ope r a t i on o f t he i1

, w e i g h i ng l ess t han 6 l bs

. , f o r p r ec i s i on s u r v e y s i n

acc o r dance w i t h t he s tr i c t cond i t i ons ou t l i ned abo v e, w il l p r ov i de an e q u i v a l ent l e v el

of s a f e t y suppo rt i n g t he

g r ant o f t he e x e m p t i ons r e q ue s t ed h e r e i n, i nc l ud i ng e x e m p t i n g DroneWorks fr o m t he

r e q u i r e m en t s o f

P a r t 2 1

.

T he i1 ’ s sa t i s f ac t i on o f t he c r i t e r i a s e t f o r t h i n S ec t i on 333 o f t he R e f orm A c t

— s i z e,

w e i g h t , speed, op e r a t i n g capab ili t i es, l a c k o f p r o x i m i t y t o a i r po rt s and popu l a t ed a r eas,

op e r a t i on w i t h i n v i sual l i ne o f s i g h t

, a nd n a t i onal secu r i t y

— and i t s sho w i ng o f an

e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y as i t m ay r e l a t e t o t he r e q u i r e m ent f o r a pi l o t ’ s li cense,

p r o v i de m o r e t han ad e qua t e j us t i f i c a t i on f or t he g r ant o f t he r e q u e s t e d e x e m p t i ons

a ll o w i ng c o mm e r c i al ope r a t i on o f t he i1 i n t he co mm e r c i al p r e c i s i on ae r i al su r v ey

bus i ness.

V e r y

tr u l y

y ou r s,

Luis Cardenas

.

A PP END I X A

EXE M P T IO N RE Q UEST A N D E Q U I V A L E N T L E VEL O F S A F E T Y SH O W I N G S UNDE R

A P P L I C A B LE RU L ES S UB J E C T T O EXE M P T IO N

DroneWorks r e q u e s t s an e x e m p t i on fr o m t he f o ll o w i ng r e g u l a t i ons as w e l l as a ny

add i t i onal r e g u l a t i ons t hat m ay t e c hn i ca l l y app l y t o t he op e r a t i on o f t he i1 :

14 C

. F

. R

. § 45

. 2 3 ( b ) : M ark i ng o f t he A i rcra f t

T he r e g u l a t i on p r o v i des:

W he n m a r k s i nc l ude on l y t he R o m an cap i t al l e tt e r “ N ” and t he r e g i s tr a t i on

nu m ber i s d i sp l a y ed on li m i t ed, r e s t r i c t ed o r l i g ht

- spo r t ca t e g o r y a i r c r a f t or

e x pe r i m en t al or p r o v i s i ona l l y ce rt i f i c a t ed a i r c r a f t

, t he op e r a t o r m u s t a l so d i sp l ay

on t h a t a i r c r a f t near each en t r ance t o t he cab i n, c oc k p i t , or p il ot s t a t i on, i n l e tt e r s

not l ess t han 2 i nch es n o r m o r e t han 6 i nches h i gh, t he w o r ds “ li m i t ed

, ”

“r e s tr i c t e d

, ” “ l i g h t

- spo r t

, ” “ e x pe r i m en t a l, ” o r “ p r o v i s i ona l

, ” as app li cab l e.

T he i1 has n o e n tr an c e t o t he cab i n, co c k p it

, o r p il ot s t a t i on on w h i ch t h e w o r d “ E x pe r i m en t a l ”

can be p l ace d

. G i v en t h e s i z e o f t he UAV

, t w o

- i nch l e tt e r i n g w il l be i m poss i b l e. T he w o r d

“ E x pe r i m en t a l ” w il l be p l aced on t he f o r w a r d f us e l a g e i n co m p li ance w i t h § 45

. 2 9 ( f)

.

T he e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be ach i e v ed by ha v i ng t he i1 m a r k ed on i t s f o r w a r d

f use l a g e as r e q u i r e d by § 45

. 2 9 ( f ) w he r e t he p il o t

, obs e r v e r

, and o t he r s w o r k i ng w i t h t he UA V

wil l see t he i den t i f i c a t i on o f t he UA S as “ E x pe r i m e n t a l

. ” T he F A A has i ss u ed t he f o ll o w i nge x e m p t i ons t o t h i s r e g u l a t i on t o DroneWorks. E x e m p t i o n N o. 1070 0 , and t o o t h e r s, i nc l ud i ng

E x e m p t i on N os. 87 3 8, 1 0167 and 10167 A

.

14 C

. F

. R

. P a r t 2 1, S ubpart H : A i r w o r t h i ness C er t i fi c a t es

14 C FR § 9 1

. 203 ( a )( 1 )

S ec t i on 91

. 20 3 ( a ) ( 1) r e qui r es a l l c i v i l a i r c r a f t t o h a v e a ce rt i f i c a t e o f a i r w o rt h i ness. P a r t 21,

S ubpa r t H

, e n t i t l ed Ai r w o rt h i ness C e rt i f i c a t e s

, e s t ab li shes t he p r ocedu r al r e q u i r e m en t s f or t he

i ssuance o f a i r w o rt h i ne s s ce r t i f i ca t e s as r e q u i r ed by F A R § 91

. 20 3 ( a )( 1 )

. G i v en t he s i z e o f t he

a i r c r a f t ( 5

. 5 l b s

. ) and t he l i m i t ed op e r a t i n g a r ea a s soc i a t ed w i t h i t s u t ili z a t i o n, i t i s unnece s sa r y t o

g o t h r o u g h t he c e rt i f i c a t e o f a i r w o rt h i ness p r ocess under P a r t 21 S ubpa r t H t o ach i e v e or

e x ceed cu rr e n t s a f e t y l e v e l s.

S uch an e x e m p t i on m e e t s t he r e q u i r e m e n t s o f an e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y under P a r t 11 and

S ec t i on 333 o f t he R e f o r m A c t

. T he Fed e r al A v i a t i on A ct and S e c t i on 333 o f t he R e f o r m A c t

bo t h a u t ho r i z e t he F A A t o e x e m pt a i r c r a f t fr om t h e r e q u i r e m ent f o r an a i r w o rt h i ness ce r t i f i ca t e,

upon cons i de r a t i on o f t h e s i z e, w e i g h t , speed, o p e r a t i onal capab ili t y

, and p r o x i m i t y t o a i r po r t s

and popu l a t ed a r eas o f t he UA S i n v o l v ed.

I n t h i s cas e

, an ana l y s i s o f t hese c r i t e r i a de m o ns t r a t es t h a t t he i1 ope r a t ed w i t hout an

a i r w o rt h i ness ce r t i f i c a t e , under t he cond i t i ons p r o posed he r e i n, w il l be at l east as s a f e, or s a f e r

, t han a con v en t i onal a i r c r a f t ( f i x ed w i ng or r o t o r c r a f t ) w i t h an a i r w o rt h i ness ce rt i f i c a t e. T he i1- 2

- w e i g hs l ess t han 6 l b s

. f u l l y l oaded. I t w il l not ca rr y a p il ot or passe n g er, wil l not ca rr y

f l a mm ab l e f ue l , and w il l ope r a t e e x c l us i v e l y wi t h i n an a r ea p r e

- d i sc l osed and i n c o m p li ance w i t h

cond i t i ons set f o r t h h e r e i n. O p e r a t i ons under t h i s e x e m p t i on w il l be t i g h t l y con tr o ll ed and

m on i t o r ed by bo t h t he o p e r a t o r , pu r sua n t t o t he c ond i t i ons set f o rt h abo v e, and by l ocal pub li c

s a f e t y r e q u i r e m e n t s. T h e F A A w i l l ha v e ad v ance no t i ce o f a l l ope r a t i ons t h r o u g h t he f ili n g o f

N O T A M s. R ece i pt o f t he p r i or pe r m i ss i on o f t he l and o w ne r

, t h e s i z e o f t h e a i r c r a f t

, t he l a c k o f

f l a mm ab l e f ue l

, and t he f act t hat t he a i r c r a f t i s ca r r i ed t o t he l oca t i on and n ot f l o w n t h e r e a l l

es t ab li sh t he e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y

. T he i1 cons tr u c t i on w i t h abso r b ent m a t e r i al p r o v i des at

l east an e q u i v a l ent l evel o f s a f e t y t o t hat o f su c h ope r a t i ons be i n g con d uc t ed w i t h con v en t i onal

a i r c r a f t t hat w ou l d be o r de r s

- o f

- m a gn i t ude l a r g er and w ou l d be ca r r y i ng passen g e r s

, c a r g o,

and fl a mm ab l e f ue l

.

14 C

. F

. R

. § 61

. 11 3 ( a) & ( b ) ; 6 1

. 133 ( a ) : P r i v a t e P il ot P r i v il eges and L i m i t a t i ons; P il o t i n

C ommand; C o m merc i a l Pi l ot P r i v il eges and L i m i t a t i ons.

S ec t i on 61

. 11 3 ( a) & ( b) li m i t p r i v a t e p il o t s t o no n

- c o mm e r c i al ope r a t i ons. U n li k e a co n v en t i onal

a i r c r a f t t hat c a rr i es a p il o t , passe n g e r s, and c a r g o

, t he i1 i n t h i s case i s r e m o t e l y con t r o ll ed wi t h

no passe n g e r s or p r ope rt y o f o t h e r s on bo a r d. S ec t i on 6 1

. 133 ( a ) r e qu i r es an i nd i v i dual wi t h a

c o m m e r c i al p il o t ’ s li cense t o be p il ot i n co m m an d o f an a i r c r a f t f or c o m pensa t i on or h i r e.

DroineWorks r e spec t f u ll y p r oposes t h a t ope r a t or r e q u i r e m en t s shou l d t a k e i n t o account t he

cha r ac t e r i s t i cs o f t he pa r t i cu l ar UAS

. DroneWorks’ i1 h a s a h i g h d e g r ee o f p r e

- p r o g r a mm ed

con tr ol and v a r i ous bu il t

- i n t ech n i cal capab ili t i es t h at s tr i c t l y li m i t t he po t e n t i al f or ope r a t i on

ou t s i de o f t he op e r a t i n g cond i t i ons set f o r t h i n t he e x e m p t i on app li ca t i on.

T he i1 has a s e m i

- a u t ono m ous na v i g a t i on and con t r ol s y s t e m c o m p r i s e d o f a Gr ound C on t r ol

S t a t i on (G CS ) and au t o

- p il ot s y s t e m

. Al l f li g h t s can p r e

- p r o g r a mm ed w i t h p r ec i s i on G P S

g u i dance and do not r e qu i r e hu m an i n t e r v en t i on. F li g ht m i ss i on a r ea and r ou t i n g can be

chan g ed a ft er l aunch. I n t he c a se o f unp l anned e v en t s

, t he ope r a t or i npu t s e v as i v e m aneu v e r s

fr o m t he c o n t r ol un i t , and t he con t r ol u n i t e x ecu t es t hat m aneu v e r

. P r e

- p r o g r a mm ed ope r a t o r

i n t e r v en t i ons i nc l ude d i v e r s i on t o t he r i gh t ; i n i t i a t i on o f ho l d i ng at p r esent pos i t i on; suspens i on o f

m i ss i o n ; f l y back t o l aunch po i n t ; f l y t o po i nt and ho l d; abo r t m i ss i o n and l and;

and e m e r g ency po w er c ut o f f and l and ( F li g h t T e rm i na t i on S y s t e m )

.

A dd i t i onal au t o m a t ed s a f e t y f unc t i ons and s a f e t y enhanc i ng f e a t u r es o f t h e i1 i nc l ude t he

f o ll o wi n g :

• A u t o

- p il ot d e t ec t i on o f l ost G P S o r o f i ns u ff i c i ent s a t e lli t es i n i t i a t es a n i mm ed i a t e

sp i r al l and i n g

.

• Low p o w er on t he a i r c r a f t tr i g g e r s e sca l a t i n g a l a rm s at G C S at 3 5 % and 10%

l e v e l s.

• I f t he a u t o

- p il ot de t e c t s a l os t

- li n k t o t he G C S f o r l o n g er t han 3 0 secon d s, l and i n g

p r ocedu r e b e g i ns.

• Ai r c r a f t has an on

- boa r d f a i l s a f e t hat li m i t s speed i n t he e v ent of d i v e t o

app r o x i m a t e l y 2 m / s.

• T he a i r c r a f t

, w e i g h i ng l e ss t han 6 l bs

. , f u ll y l oa d ed, i s con s tr u c t ed o f Carbon Fiber

or similar material- 3

- • T he m o t or i s d r i v en by a pu l se w i d t h m odu l a t ed s i g na l , not an ana l o g s i g n a l

.

G i v en t hese s a f e t y f ea t u r es, DroneWorks p r oposes t h a t op e r a t o r s o f t he i1 s h ou l d not be

r e q u i r e d t o ho l d a c o mm e r c i al or p r i v a t e p il ot ce r t i f i ca t i o n

. I n s t ead, ope r a t o r s shou l d be

r e q u i r ed t o:

• ha v e succes s f u ll y co m p l e t ed, a t a m i n i m u m

, F A A p r i v a t e p il ot g r ound i n s tr u c t i on

and passed t he F A A P r i v a t e P il ot w r i tt en e x a m i na t i on or F A A

- r ec o g n i z ed

e q u i v a l en t s;

• ha v e co m p l e t ed t he m a nu f ac t u r e r ’ s t r a i n i ng p r o g r am f or op e r a t i on o f t he U A S

. T he

m an u f a c t u r e r ’ s tr a i n i ng p r o g r a m w il l h a v e been sa t i s f a c t o r il y r e v i e w ed t h r o u g h t h e

SA C p r oces s

.

DroneWorks no t es t hat t he F A A has f ound t hat s a f e t y f a c t o r s pe r m it t ed op e r a t i on o f UAS s by

ope r a t o r s w i t h t hese q u a li f i ca t i ons i n t he case o f ope r a t i ons p u r sua n t t o p ub li c C O A s w he r e t he

m anda t o r y ope r a t i n g co n d i t i ons spec i f i ed abo v e a r e p r esen t

. S ee Fed e r al A v i a t i on

A d m i n i s tr a t i o n

, N o t i ce N

- 8900

. 227, U n m anned Ai r c r a f t S y s t e m s ( UAS ) O p e r a t i onal A pp r o v a l

, a t

20

- 21 ( Ju l y 30, 201 3 )

. The F A A has t he s t a t u t o r y au t h o r i t y

, g r a n t ed at 49 U

. S

. C

. §4470 1 ( f ) t o

w a i v e t he p il ot r e q u i r e m e n t s f or c o mm e r c i al ope r a t i ons.

G i v en t hese c o nd i t i ons a nd r e s tr i c t i ons, an e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be p r o v i ded by a ll o w i ng ope r a t i on o f t he i1

w i t hout a p r i v a t e p il o t ’ s c e rt i f ic a t e o r a c o mm e r c i al p il o t ’ s c e rt i f i c a t e, under t he cond i t i ons s e t f o r

t h h e r e i n.

T he r i s k s assoc i a t ed w i t h t he ope r a t i on o f t he i1 ( g i v en i t s s i z e, spe e d, ope r a t i onal capab ili t i es,

and l a c k o f c o m bus t i b l e f ue l ) a r e so d i m i n i shed f r o m t he l e v el o f r i s k a s s o c i a t ed wi t h p r i v a t e

p il ot op e r a t i o ns or c o mm e r c i al ope r a t i ons con t e m p l a t ed by P a r t 61 w i t h con v en t i onal a i r c r a f t

( f i x ed w i ng or r o t o r c r a ft )

, t hat a ll o wi ng ope r a t i ons o f t h e UA S as s e t f o rt h abo v e m ee t s or

e x ceeds t he p r ese n t l e v el o f s a f e t y p r o v i ded under 14 C

. F

. R

. § 61

. 113 ( a) & ( b) and does n o t

r i se t o t he l e v el of r e q u i r i n g a c o m m e r c i al p il ot t o ope r a t e t he a i r c r a f t under

§ 61

. 13 3 ( a )

.

14 C

. F

. R

. § 91

. 7 ( a ) : C i v i l a i r c ra f t a i r w o r t h i nes s

.

T h i s r e g u l a t i on r e q u i r es t hat no pe r son m ay ope r a t e a c i v i l a i r c r a f t un l ess i t i s i n a i r w o rt hy

cond i t i on. S hou l d t he e x e m p t i o n be g r a n t ed a ll o wi ng c o mm e r c i al ope r a t i on o f t he i1 w i t hout an

a i r w o rt h i ness c e rt i f i c a t e, no s t anda r d w il l e x i st f or a i r w o rt h i ness o f t he i1

. G i v en t he s i z e o f t he

a i r c r a f t and t he r e q u i r e m e n t s t hat ha v e p r es u m ab l y a l r eady been m e t i n t he SA C ap p r o v al

p r o cess f o r t he i1 ( f o r i ns t ance, t he I1’s M a i n t enance & I nspe c t i on M a nual and S a f e t y C hec k li s t )

,

an e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be a c h i e v ed by i nsu r i ng co m p l i ance w i t h t he DroneWorks

m anua l s p r i or t o each f l i g h t

.- 4

- 14 C

. F

. R

. § 91

. 9 ( b ) ( 2 ) : C i v i l A i rcra f t F li g h t M a nual i n t he A i rcra f t

.

T he r e g u l a t i on p r o v i des:

N o pe r son m ay ope r a t e a U

. S.

- r e g i s t e r ed c i v i l a i r c r a f t

...

( 2) For w h i ch an Ai r p l ane or R o t o r c r a f t F li g h t M anual i s not r e q u i r ed by §21

. 5

o f t h i s cha p t e r

, un l ess t h e r e i s a v a il ab l e i n t he a i r c r a f t a cu r r ent ap p r o v ed

a i r p l ane or R o t o r c r a f t F l i g h t M anua l

, app r o v ed m anual m a t e r i a l

, m a r k i n g s

, and

p l aca r ds, or any co m b i n a t i on t h e r e o f

.

G i v en t he s i z e and co n f i g u r a t i on o f t he i1

, i t h a s no ab ili t y or p l ace t o c a rr y such a f l i g ht

m anual on t he a i r c r a f t

, n ot on l y because t he r e i s no p il ot on b oa r d

, b u t b e cause t h e r e i s no

r oom or capac i t y t o c a rr y such an i t e m on t he a i r c r a ft

.

T he e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be ach i e v ed by k eep i n g t he f li g h t m anual ( se e

, e

. g

. , U s er

G u i de, E x h i b i t 4) at t he g r ound co n tr ol po i n t w he r e t he p il ot f l y i ng t he UA S w i l l ha v e i mm ed i a t e

access t o it

. T he F A A h as i ssued t o DroneWorks and o t h e r s t he f o ll o w i ng e x e m p t i ons t o t h i s

r e g u l a t i on: E x e m p t i on N os. 860 7

, 873 7

, 8 738, 9 2 99, 9299 A

, 956 5

, 9565 B , 10167, 10167 A

, 10602, 3282 7

, and 107 0 0.

14 C

. F

. R

. § 91

. 10 9 ( a) & 91

. 319 ( a )( 1 ) : F li g h t I n s t ruc t i on

T hese r e g u l a t i ons p r o v i de t h a t no pe r son m ay ope r a t e a c i v i l a i r c r a f t ( e x cept a m anned fr ee

ba ll oon) t hat i s be i n g us e d f o r f l i g ht i ns t r u c t i on un l ess t h a t a i r c r a f t has f u ll y f unc t i on i n g dual

con tr o l s

.

T he i1 i s a r e m o t e l y p il o t ed a i r c r a f t and by des i g n

, has f u ll y f u nc t i onal dual

con tr o l s

. F li g ht co n tr ol i s acc o m p li shed t h r o u g h t he use o f a co n tr ol box t hat c o m m un i ca t es w i t h

t he a i r c r a f t v i a r ad i o co m m un i ca t i ons. T he f l i g ht p l an can be p r e

- p r o g r a m m ed i n t o t he a u t o p il ot

b e f o r e f li g h t a nd on l y i n unusual c i r cu m s t anc e s wil l t he p il ot i nput con t r ol f un c t i ons t o a l t e r t he

p r e

- p r o g r a mm ed f l i g h t

. I f i ns t r u c t i on i s acc o m p l i s hed t h r o u g h a t r a i n i ng p r og r a m

, as s e t f o r t h i n

E x h i b i t 2, an e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be as s u r ed. T he F A A has app r o v ed e x e m p t i ons f or

f l i g ht t r a i n i ng w i t hout f u l l y f un c t i onal dual co n tr o l s f o r a nu m b e r o f a i r c r a f t and f o r f l i g ht

i ns tr u c t i on i n e x pe r i m en t al a i r c r a f t

. S ee E x e m p t i on N os. 5778K & 9862 A

. T he e q u i v a l ent l e v el

o f s a f e t y w il l be ach i e v ed by t he m an u f ac t u r er p r o v i d i ng t he tr a i n i ng as ou t l i ned, f o r e x a m p l e, i n

E x h i b i t 2 and t h r o u g h t he use o f e x pe r i enced and q ua l i f i ed p il o t s f a m ili ar w it h t he i1.

14 C FR § 9 1

. 119: M i n i mum S a f e A ltit udes

S ec t i on 91

. 119 e s t ab l i shes s a f e a l t i t ud e s f or ope r a t i on o f c i v i l a i r c r a f t

. S p ec i f i ca ll y

, 91

. 11 9 ( c)

li m i t s a i r c r a f t f l y i ng o v er a r eas o t her t han co n g e s t ed a r eas t o an a l t i t ude o f 500 f eet abo v e t he

su r f ac e

, e x cept o v er op e n w a t er or sp a r se l y popu l a t ed a r ea s

. I n t hose c a ses, t h e a i r c r a f t m ay

not be ope r a t ed c l os e r t h an 500 f eet t o any pe r s o n, v esse l

, v eh i c l e, or s tr u c t u r e

.

A s set f o rt h he r e i n

, t he i1 w il l ne v er ope r a t e a t h i g her t han 400 f eet A G L. I t w ill

, ho w e v e r

, be

ope r a t ed t o a v o i d con g e s t ed o r popu l a t ed a r eas t hat a r e dep i c t ed i n y e ll ow on V FR sec t i onalcha rt s

. B ecause ae r i al s u r v ey w o r k m u s t be acc o m p li shed at r e l a t i v e l y l o w a l t i t udes and a t

a l t i t udes l ess t han 500 f e et A G L, an e x e m p t i on fr o m S e c t i on 91

. 1 19 ( c ) i s n eeded.

T he e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be ach i e v e d g i v en t he s i z e, w e i g h t , spe e d, and m a t e r i al w i t h

w h i ch t he i1 i s bu il t

. A l so, no f li g h t w il l be t a k en w i t hout t he pe r m i ss i on o f t he l and o w ner o r

t hose w ho con t r ol t he l a n d. B ecause o f t he ad v ance no t i ce t o t he l ando w n e r , a l l a f f e c t ed

i nd i v i dua l s w i l l be a w a r e o f t he s u r v ey f li gh t s

. C o m pa r ed t o ae r i al s u r v ey ope r a t i ons conduc t ed

wi t h a i r c r a f t or r o t o r c r a f t w e i g h i ng f a r m o r e t han 5

. 5 l bs. and ca r r y i ng f l a m m ab l e f ue l

, any ri sk

assoc i a t ed w i t h t he s e o p e r a t i ons w il l be f ar l ess t han t hose cu r r e n t l y a ll o w ed w i t h con v en t i onal

a i r c r a f t op e r a t i n g at or b e l o w 500 f e e t A G L. I nd e ed, t he l o w

- a l t i t ude op e r a t i ons o f t he UA S w il l

m a i n t a i n sep a r a t i on b e t w een t hese s m a l l

- UA S ope r a t i ons and t he op e r a t i o ns o f con v en t i onal

a i r c r a f t t hat m ust c o m p l y w i t h S ec t i on 91

. 11 9

.

14 C

. F

. R

. § 91

. 15 1 ( a ) : Fuel R equ i reme n t s f or F li g h t i n V FR C on d i t i o n s

T h i s r e g u l a t i on p r oh i b i t s an i nd i v i du a l fr o m b e g i n n i ng “ a f l i g h t i n an a i r p l a n e under V FR

cond i t i ons unless ( cons i de r i ng w i nd and f o r ec a st w ea t her cond i t i on s ) t he r e i s eno u g h f uel t o f l y

t o t he f i r st po i nt o f i n t en d ed l and i ng an d , ass u m i ng no r m al c r u i s i ng speed

– ( 1 ) D u r i n g t he da y

, t o f l y a ft er t hat f o r a t l ea s t 30 m i nu t e s; or ( 2 ) A t n i g h t

, t o f l y a ft er t h a t f or at l east 45 m i nu t e s

. ”

T he i1 ba t t e r i es p r o v i de app r o x i m a t e l y 30 m i nu t es o f p o w e r ed f l i g h t

. W i t hout an e x e m p t i on fr o m

§ 14 C FR 9 1

. 15 1

, t he UAS’ s f li g h t s w ou l d be li m i t ed t o ap p r o x i m a t e l y 20 m i nu t es i n l e n g t h

. G i v en t he li m i t a t i ons on i t s p r oposed o pe r a t i ons a nd t he l oca t i on o f t hose p r oposed op e r a t i on s

,

a l on g e r t i m e fr a m e f o r f l i g h t i n da y li g ht V FR cond i t i ons i s r easonab l e.

DroneWorks be li e v es t hat an e x e m p t i on fr om 14 C FR § 91

. 15 1 ( a) i s s a f e and wi t h i n t he s cope

o f a p r i or e x e m p t i on. S ee E x e m p t i on 10673 ( a ll o w i ng Loc k heed M a rt i n C o r p o r a t i on t o ope r a t e

wi t hout c o m p li ance w i t h 91

. 151 ( a ) )

. O p e r a t i n g t h e s m a l l UAS

, w i t hout 30 m i nu t es o f r es e r v e

f uel does n o t e n g ender t he t y pe o f r i s k s t hat S ec ti on 91

. 151 ( a ) w as m ea n t t o p r e v ent g i v en t he

s i z e and speed at w h i ch t he UA S op e r a t e s

. T he f act t hat i t ca r r i es no p il o t , passe n g e r

, o r ca r g o

a l so enhances it s s a f e t y

. A dd i t i ona ll y

, li m i t i ng i1 f li g h t s t o 20 m i nu t es w ou l d g r ea t l y r educe t he i r

u t ili t y

. I n t he un l i k e l y e v ent t hat t he i1 sh o u l d r un o u t o f f ue l

, i t w ou l d s i m p l y l and. G i v en i t s

w e i g ht and con s tr u c t i on m a t e r i a l

, t he r i s k s a r e l ess t han co n t e m p l a t ed by t he cu r r ent r e g u l a t i on.

DroneWorks be li e v es t hat an e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y can be ach i e v ed by m a i n t a i n i ng 10

m i nu t es o f r ese r v e f ue l

, w h i ch, a l lo wi ng 30 m i nu t e s o f f l i g h t t i m e, w ou l d be m o r e t h a n ad e q ua t e

t o r e t u r n t he UA S t o it s p l anned l a nd i ng z one fr o m an y w h e r e i n it s op e r a t i n g a r ea.

14 C

. F

. R

. § 91

. 203 ( a ) & ( b ) : C arr y i ng C i v i l A i rcra f t C er t i f i ca t i on and R eg i s t r a ti on

T h i s r e g u l a t i on p r o v i des as f o ll o w s:

( a)

. . . no pe r son m ay ope r a t e a c i v i l a i r c r a f t un l ess i t has

. . . an ap p r op r i a t e

and cu r r ent a i r w o rt h i ne s s ce r t i f i ca t e

. ( b) N o pe r son m ay ope r a t e a c i v i l a i r c r a f t un l ess t he a i r w o rt h i ness ce r t i f i ca t e

r e q u i r ed by pa r a g r aph ( a ) o f t h i s se c t i on o r a spe c i al f l i g ht au t h o r i z a t i on i ssued

under §9 1

. 715 i s d i sp l ayed at t he cab i n o r co c kp i t en t r ance so t hat i t i s l e g i b l e t o

passen g e r s or c r e w

.T he i1 f u ll y l oaded w e i g hs no m o r e t h an 6 l bs. A s such, t he r e i s no ab ilit y or p l ace t o c a rr y

ce rt i f i c a t i on and r e g i s t r a t i on docu m e n t s or t o d i sp l ay t hem on t he UAS

. I n add i t i on

, t h e r e i s no

p il ot on boa r d t he a i r c r a f t

.

A n e q u i v a l ent l e v el o f s a f e t y w i l l be ach i e v ed by k eep i ng t hese docu m e n t s at t he g r ound con t r ol

po i nt w he r e t he p il ot f l y i ng t he UA S w i l l ha v e i m m ed i a t e access t o t he m

. T he F A A has i ssued

nu m e r ous e x e m p t i ons t o t h i s r e g u l a t i on. A r e p r e s en t a t i v e sa m p l e o f o t h e r e x cep t i ons i nc l udes

E x e m p t i on N os. 95 6 5, 9 665, 978 9

, 9789 A

, 979 7 , 9797 A , 9816 A

, a nd 10 7 00.

14 C

. F

. R

. § 91

. 40 5 ( a ) ; 4 07 ( a ) ( 1 ) ; 409 ( a )( 2 ) ; 417 ( a ) : M a i n t enance I nsp e c ti ons

S ec t i on 91

. 40 5 ( a) r e q u i r es t h a t an a i r c r a f t op e r a t or o r o w ner “ sha l l ha v e t hat a i r c r a f t i nspe c t ed

as p r e s c r i bed i n subpa r t E o f t h i s p a r t and sha l l be t w een r e q u i r ed i nspe c t i ons, e x cept as

p r o v i ded i n pa r a gr aph ( c ) o f t h i s se c t i on, ha v e d i sc r epanc i es r epa i r ed a s p r esc r i bed i n pa r t 43 o f

t h i s cha p t er . . .

. ” S ec t i o n 91

. 407 s i m il a r l y m a k es r e f e r ence t o r e q u i r e m e n t s i n P a r t 43; S ec t i on

91

. 409 ( a )( 2 ) r e q u i r es an annual i nspec t i on f or t he i ssuance o f an a i r w o rt h i ness c e rt i f i c a t e.

S ec t i on 91

. 41 7 ( a) r e q u i r es t he o w ner or ope r a t or t o k eep r eco r d s sh o w i ng ce r t a i n m a i n t enance

w o r k t hat has been acc o m p li shed by ce r t i f i ca t ed m echan i cs, under P a r t 4 3, o r li censed p il o t s

and r ec o r ds o f app r o v al o f t he a i r c r a f t f o r r e t u r n t o se r v i ce.

M a i n t enance o f t he i1 wil l be acco m p li shed by t he o w ne r/ ope r a t o r pu r s u ant t o t he m anua l s,

such as E x h i b i t 3, p r o v i d ed by DroneWorks

. A n e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y w i l l be ach i e v ed

because t he UA S i s s m a l l i n s i z e, wil l ca rr y no e x t e r nal pa y l oad, w i l l ope r a t e on l y i n r es t r i c t ed

p r ede t e rm i ned a r eas a n d i s not a co m p l ex m e c h an i ca l de v i se. A s p r o v i d ed i n t he a t t ached

M a i n t enance M anual a n d t he S a f e t y C hec k li s t

, t he ope r a t or o f i1 w il l ensu r e t h a t t h e UA S i s i n

w o r k i ng o r d e r p r i o r t o i n i t i a t i n g f l i g h t

, p e r f o r m r e q u i r ed m a i n t enanc e

, and k eep a l og o f any

m a i n t ena n c e t h a t i s pe r f o r m e d. M o r e o v e r

, t he ope r a t o r i s t he pe r son m ost f a m ili ar w i t h t he

a i r c r a f t and i s best su i t ed t o m a i n t a i n t he a i r c r a f t i n an a i r w o rt h y cond i t i on and t o ens u r e an

e q u i v a l ent l e v el of s a f e t y

.

A PP END I X B

SU M M A R Y O F DRONEWORKS SEC T IO N 333 EXE M PT IO N RE Q UEST

Dr oneWorks he r eby p r o v i des pu r suant t o P a r t 11 a s u mm a r y o f i t s e x e m p t i on

app li ca t i on t o a ll o w co mm e r c i al ope r a t i on o f t he i1 u n m anned a i r c r a f t i n p r ec i s i on ae r i al

su r v ey w o r k. A n e x e m p t i on i s r e q u e s t ed fr om t he f o ll o w i ng r e g u l a t i ons:

14 C

. F

. R

. P a r t 21;

1 4 C

. F

. R

. 4 5

. 23 ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 6 1

. 113 ( a ) & ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 6 1

. 133 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 7 ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 9 ( b )( 2 ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 109 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 119;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 151 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 203 ( a ) & ( b ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 405 ( a ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 407 ( a )( 1 ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 409 ( a )( 2 ) ;

14 C

. F

. R

. 9 1

. 417 ( a )

.