1

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

____________________

NO. 09-17-00163-CR

NO. 09-17-00164-CR

____________________

FRANK EDWARD BANKS, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

________________________________________________________________________

On Appeal from the 356th District Court

Hardin County, Texas

Trial Cause Nos. 23604 and 23606

________________________________________________________________________

MEMORANDUM OPINION 

Frank Edward Banks appeals his sentence in both of his cases on appeal 

arguing the evidence is insufficient to support the trial court’s “true” finding that 

Banks had been previously convicted of robbery for purposes of enhancement of his 
2

range of punishment in the underlying case. We find the evidence sufficient to 

support the trial court’s finding and affirm the trial court’s judgments.1

Background

Banks pled guilty to both underlying charges in the appeals before us. One 

charge was for the third-degree felony assault on a public servant, and the other 

charge was the third-degree felony of retaliation. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 

22.01(a), (b)(1) (West Supp. 2018),

2 § 36.06(a), (c) (West 2016). Both of these 

charges carry a punishment range of two to ten years and a fine up to ten thousand 

dollars. Id. § 12.34 (West 2011). The State sought to enhance the penalties for these 

offenses based on two prior felony convictions, resulting in an increase of the 

punishment range to twenty-five years to life in prison. Id. § 12.42(d) (West Supp. 

2018).

After pleading guilty to the charges, the punishment phase of Banks’s trial to 

the bench began. Banks pled “not true” to the first enhancement which alleged he 

was convicted for the felony offense of robbery on or about March 5, 2007, in trial 

cause number 18241, in the 88th District Court of Hardin County, Texas. Banks also 

 

1 We consolidated appellate cause numbers 09-17-00163 and 09-17-00164 as 

the trial court also consolidated the proceedings by conducting one punishment 

hearing and Banks’s appellate briefs in both appeals argue the identical issue. 

2 We cite to the current version of the Texas Penal Code as any amendments 

made to the Code do not affect the outcome of these appeals. 
3

pled “not true” to the second enhancement allegation regarding his felony conviction 

of assault on a public servant that occurred on or about November 12, 2015, in trial 

cause number 23280 in the 356th District Court of Hardin County, Texas. 

Initially, at the request of the State and over the objection of defense counsel, 

the trial court took judicial notice of the judgment the trial court signed while 

presiding over the prior proceeding in cause number 23280 regarding Banks’s

conviction for felony assault on a public servant. The trial court also took judicial 

notice, over defense counsel’s objection, of a Pre-Sentence Investigation Report 

(PSI) used in the prior proceeding, which discussed not only the assault on a public 

servant in cause number 23280, but also included Banks’s criminal history of a prior 

felony conviction for robbery, in cause number 18241, the second prior felony 

conviction relied upon by the State to enhance the range of punishment in the cause 

before this Court.

A deputy clerk from the District Clerk’s office of Hardin County testified. The 

clerk provided the trial court with certified copies of the PSI and the first amended 

PSI from cause number 23280. Defense counsel objected to the admission of the 

documents claiming because they were from a prior case, it denied Banks his right 

to confront the officer completing the PSI reports, and the documents lacked 

evidentiary value in proving the enhancements alleged in the current two cases for 
4

punishment purposes. The State responded, arguing that the PSIs were admitted in a 

prior hearing and that Banks’s defense counsel had the opportunity to object to 

anything within the PSIs in the prior proceeding. The trial court admitted the two 

reports. 

During cross-examination, Banks presented a copy of a judgment to the 

deputy clerk which referenced trial cause number 18241 but reflected Frank E. 

Harmon as the defendant. Banks’s mother testified, however, and admitted that 

Banks went to prison for a robbery in 2007.

After the close of evidence and final arguments, the trial court found the 

enhancement paragraphs for trial cause numbers 18241 and 23280 to be true. The 

trial court found Banks guilty of both assault on a public servant and retaliation and 

sentenced Banks to 99 years in each case, to run concurrently. Banks only appeals 

the sufficiency of the evidence regarding the trial court’s finding that Banks was 

convicted for the felony offense of robbery that occurred in 2007, as shown in trial 

cause number 18241.

Analysis

“In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a finding that an 

enhancement is ‘true’, we consider all the evidence in the light most favorable to the 

trial court’s finding and determine whether a rational trier of fact could have found 
5

the essential elements beyond a reasonable doubt.” Wood v. State, 486 S.W.3d 583, 

589 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016). The trier of fact is the sole judge of the weight and 

credibility of the evidence. See Lancon v. State, 253 S.W.3d 699, 707 (Tex. Crim. 

App. 2008). “We do not resolve any conflict of fact, weigh any evidence, or evaluate 

the credibility of any witnesses, as this is the function of the trier of fact.” Wiley v. 

State, 388 S.W.3d 807, 813 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. ref’d); see 

Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).

Generally, if it is shown on the trial of a felony of the third degree the 

defendant has previously been finally convicted of two or more felonies other than 

a state jail felony punishable under section 12.35(a), on conviction the defendant 

shall be punished as a habitual offender subject to a punishment range of twentyfive years to life. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.42(d); see also Tex. Penal Code 

Ann. § 12.35(a) (West Supp. 2018) (explaining state jail felony punishment which 

is inapplicable here).

To establish that the defendant has been convicted of each prior offense, the 

State must prove respective to that offense that (1) a prior, final conviction exists, 

and (2) the defendant is linked to that conviction. Flowers v. State, 220 S.W.3d 919, 

921 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). No specific document or mode of proof is required to 

prove these two elements. Id. at 922.
6

Although defense counsel objected to the trial court taking judicial notice of 

prior proceedings he conducted and the PSIs admitted from cause number 23280, 

which certified copies were included in the court’s file and produced in the cases by 

a deputy clerk with Hardin County’s District Clerk’s office, the trial court took 

judicial notice of the evidence. Included on a list of Banks’s criminal history in 

Texas, both the original and amended PSIs listed Banks’s 2007 robbery conviction 

in Hardin County, Texas, for which he served four years in prison with the Texas 

Department of Criminal Justice. Despite the deputy clerk agreeing that a judgment 

she reviewed indicating trial cause number 18241 named a defendant other than 

Banks, Banks’s mother acknowledged Banks went to prison for committing robbery 

in 2007.

Although Banks frames his issue as a lack of evidence to support the 

enhancement allegation that he was convicted for committing robbery in 2007, the 

argument identifies a conflict of fact or inconsistency in the evidence that lies wholly 

within the province of the trier of fact to resolve. The trial court, as factfinder, was 

entitled to believe the PSI reports from the prior case which listed the 2007 robbery 

conviction with time served in prison along with Banks’s mother’s testimony 

recalling Banks being imprisoned in 2007 for robbery.
7

We hold the evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s finding 

that the enhancement allegation contending Banks committed the felony offense of 

robbery in 2007, in trial cause number 18241, in Hardin County, Texas, was true. 

We overrule Banks’s sole issue in his appeals and affirm the trial court’s judgments.

AFFIRMED.

 

_________________________

 CHARLES KREGER

 Justice

Submitted on August 21, 2018

Opinion Delivered January 23, 2019

Do Not Publish

Before Kreger, Horton, and Johnson, JJ.