In th e S u p re m e Co u rt o f Ge o rg ia

De c id e d : Ma

rc h 7 , 2 0 16

S 1 5 A1 69 9 . HARRIS v . THE S TATE.

HINES , P re sid in g Ju stic e

.

La rry Ha rris a

p p e a l s f r o m h i s c o n v ic tio n s a n d se n te n c e s fo r m a lic e m u rd e r

a n d p o s s e ssio n o f a fire a rm d u rin g th e c o m m issio n o f a fe lo n y in c on n e c tio n

with th e d e a th s o f Co m m ie S p e a d a n d Je rry Le w i s W i llia m s. F o r th e re a so n s

th a t fo llo w, we a ffirm

. 1

Co n stru e d to su p p o rt th e v e rd ic ts, th e e v id e n c e sh o we d th a t o n

1 The crimes o c c u r r e d o n J u n e 16, 2008. On J une 2 5, 2008, a Camden County g rand jury

indicted Harris for the malice murder of Spead, the felony murder of Spead while in the commission

of the crime of a g g ravated assault, the ag g ravated assault of Spead, the malice murder of W illiams,

the felony murder of W illiams while in the commission o f the crime of a g g ravated assault, the

ag g r avated assault of W illiams, possession of a fi r e a r m d uring the commission of the crime of

malice murder, and possession of a f irearm during the commission o f the crime of ag g ravated

assault. Harris w as tried before a jury April 12-14, 2011, and found g uilty of all charg e s. On May 10, 2011, Harris was sentenced to c oncurrent terms o f life in prison without the possibility of parole

for the t w o malice murder counts, and a consecutive term of five y ears in prison f or one count of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony ; the remaining charg es either merg ed with

a crime for which a sentence was entered o r were v acated by o p eration of law. See M alcolm v. State

, 263 Ga. 369, 371-374 (4), (5) (434 SE2d 479) (1993). Harris filed a motion for new trial on May 17, 2011

, w h i c h h e amended on F ebruary 26, 2013, a g ain on F ebruary 28, 2 013, and finally on October 30, 2013; on J anuary 27, 2015, the motion, as amended, was denied. Harris moved for an

out o f time appeal o n March 2 5

, 2015

, w h ich the trial c ourt g ranted on May 1, 2015. H arris filed

a n otice of appeal on May 2 9, 2015, the appeal w as docketed in this Court for the September 2015 term, and submitted for decision on the briefs.Ju n e 1 6

, 2 00 8 a t 7:0 0 p .m

. S h a v o n Ro b e rts (“ Ro b e rts” ) wa s rid in g a b ic y c le o n

Va c u na Ro a d in Ca m d e n Co u n ty

. He sa w a w h ite Ca d illa c Esc a la d e wh ic h

lo o k e d lik e th e o n e o wn e d b y S p ea d

, h is ste p fa th e r. R o be rts a p p ro a c h e d th e

v e h ic le

, o p e n e d th e d riv e r’s d o o r, a n d d isc o ve re d S p e a d in th e d riv e r’s se a t a n d

Willia m s in th e fro n t p a sse n g e r se a t, e a c h d e a d fro m a sin g le g u n sh o t wo u n d to

th e h e a d

.

Ea rlie r th a t e ve n in g , a t 6 :0 0 p .m ., o r sh o rtly t h e re a fte r, Ro y Ho rn e , Jr.,

sa w a b la c k p ic ku p tru c k with a la rg e U n iv e rsity of Ge o rg ia “ G” e m b le m o n th e

re a r win d o w o n th e s i d e o f Va c u n a Ro a d in Ca m d e n Co u n ty

, in fro n t o f th e

Esc a la d e

. Re b a Wrig h t (“ Wrig h t” ) a lso sa w a bla c k p ic ku p tru c k o n Va c u n a

Ro a d a t ro u g h ly 6 :0 0 p .m ., a s it tu rn e d a ro u n d n e a r th e E sc a la d e ; th e tru c k h a d

“ m a g w h e e ls” in a “ sta rb u rst” p a tte rn bu t Wrig h t d id n ot se e th e d riv e r. Ha rris

d ro v e a b la c k p ic k

u p tru c k w ith wh e e l rim s in a “sta rb urst” p a tte rn a n d a la rg e

“ G” e m b le m o n th e re a r win d o w

.

In sid e th e Esc a la d e , th e p o sitio n o f th e b o d ie s a n d b lo od sp a tte rs in d ic a te d

th a t th e re w a s n o stru g g le b e f o r e d e a th a n d th e v ic tim s we re sh o t b y so m e o n e

in th e re a r p a sse n g e r

- s i d e se a t. Two .4 0 c a lib e r sh e ll c a sin gs we re in sid e th e

Esc a la d e a n d a “ c o o k ie ” o f c o c a in e wo r t h $ 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0 wa s w ra p pe d in a p a

p e r

2to we l in th e d riv e r’s-sid e viso r; a c ra c k p ip e wa s in sid e Willia m s’s le ft p o c k e t.

On e o f Ha rris’s fin ge rp rin ts wa s o n th e e x te rio r o f t h e E s c a la d e ’s re a r

p a sse n g e r-sid e d o o r.

O n Ju n e 1 7

, 2 0 0 8

, in ve stig a to rs se arc h e d Ha rris’s re sid e n c e p u rsu a n t t o

a se a rc h wa rra n t a n d se iz e d a n e m p ty Glo c k p la stic p isto l b ox fo r a .4 0 c a lib e r

h a n d g u n a n d th re e b o x e s of

. 4 0 c a lib e r Ho rn a d a y b ra n d a m m un itio n

. On

Ja n u a ry 6

, 2 00 9, c on stru c tio n wo rk e rs d isc ov e re d a

. 4 0 c a lib e r Glo c k h a n d g u n

a lo n g th e so u th b o u n d la n e s of In te rsta te 7 5 in S uwa n n e e Co un ty

, Flo rid a ; th e

p isto l wa s lo a d e d with Ho rn a d a y b ra n d a m m u n itio n , a v a rie ty n o t a s c o m m o n

a s th e th re e ma

j o r b ra nd s o f h a n d g u n a m m u n itio n

. Ha rris stip ula te d th a t th e

p isto l wa s h is, a n d b a llistic e v id e nc e sh o we d t h a t t h e sh e ll c a sin g s re c o v e re d

fro m Sp e a d ’s Esc a la d e c a m e fro m th a t h a n d g u n

. B lo o d sta in s we re fo u nd o n th e

sh o e s a n d sh orts th a t H a rris wa s we a rin g a t th e t i m e o f h is a rre st, a n d DNA

e x tra c te d fro m th e m

m a tc h e d S p e a d ’s DNA p ro file

.

1

. Ha rris m o v e d to su p p re ss th e Glo c k p isto l b ox a n d th re e b o x e s o f

a m m u n itio n se iz e d fro m h is h o m e wh ile o f f i c e rs we re e x e c u tin g th e se arc h

wa rra n t, a n d c o n te n d s th a t th e tria l c o u rt e rre d in d e n y in g his m otio n

. “ ‘On

re v ie win g a

tria l c o urt’s ru lin g o n a m o tio n to su pp re ss, e v id e n c e is c o n stru e d

3m o st fa v o ra

b ly to u p h o l d t h e fin d in g s a n d ju dg m e n t a n d th e tria l c o u rt’s

fin d in g s o n d isp u te d fa c ts a n d c re d ib ility m

u st b e a c c e p te d u nle ss c le a rly

e rro n e ou s.’ [Cit.] ” S

c a n d re tt v

. S ta te

, 2 9 3 Ga

. 6 02

, 6 0 3 (2 ) (7 4 8 S E2 d 8 6 1 )

(2 0 1 3 ).

Du rin g th e he a rin g o n th e m o tio n to su p p re ss, e v id e n c e wa s p re se n te d

th a t, th e d a y a fte r th e c rim e s, a t th e d ire c tio n o f in v e stig a to rs, la w e n fo rc e m e n t

p e rso n n e l, in c lu d in g L t. S e a rs o f th e Ca m d e n Co un ty S h e riff’s Offic e , we n t to

Ha rris’s a

p a rtm e n t t o a sc e rta in if th e y c o u ld c on ta c t h im ; th e y k n e w th a t

in v e stig a to rs wish e d to q u e stio n h im a b o u t th e m

u rd e rs o f S p e a d a n d Willia m s.

Th e y sa w Ha rris’s p ic k

u p tru c k in th e p a rk in g lo t o f th e a p a rtm e n t c o m

ple x a n d

th e y k n oc ke d on th e d o o r o f h is a p a rtm e nt. Ha rris’s ro o m m a te

, Mic h a e l Ho lly

,

a n swe re d a n d in v ite d th e o ffic e rs in sid e

. T h e re , fo r th e ir sa fe ty

, th e y c o n d u c te d

a s we e p o f th e a

p a rtm e n t to e n su re th a t Ha rris wa s n ot h id in g th e re in

. W h i l e

c o n d u c tin g th a t swe e p, Lt. S e a r s n o t i c e d th e re sid u e o f ille g a l d ru g s a n d

p a ra p h e rn a lia a sso c ia te d with th e u se o f su c h d ru g s o n th e d re sse r in o n e o f th e

a p a rtm e nt’s two b e d ro o m s; a fte r Lt. S e ars sa w th e d ru g re sid u e a n d

p a ra p h e rn a lia

, H o lly sa id th a t it wa s Ha rris’s b e d ro o m in wh ic h th e ite m s we re

se e n

.

4Th e o ffic e rs d id n o t fin d Ha rris d urin g th e ir swe e p o f th e a p a rtm e n t, a n d

Ho lly v o lu n ta rily we n t with th e m to a la w e nfo rc e m e n t fa c i l i t y

. L t. S e a rs

o b ta in e d a wa rra n t to se a rc h Ha rris’s a n d H o lly ’s a p a rtme n t f

o r c o n tro lle d

su b sta n c e s a n d c on tra b a n d re la te d to d ru g c rim e s. Re tu rn in g to th e a p a rtm e n t,

Lt. Se a rs d e te rm in e d th a t it h a d b e e n c le a n e d sin c e he in itia lly sa w th e d ru g

re sid u e a n d p a ra

p h e rn a lia

, a nd th a t th e ite m s h e h a d n o tic e d b e fo re h a d b e e n

re m o v e d

. Wh ile h e w a s se a rc h in g fo r ille g a l d ru g s u n d e r H a rris’s be d

, Lt. S e a rs

fo u n d a b la c k p la stic b o x f o r a

. 4 0 c a lib e r Glo c k pisto l; in sid e th e b o x wa s a

m a g a z in e fo r th e p isto l, with a m m u n itio n in it. Also fo u nd we re th re e b o x e s o f

.4 0 c a l i b e r H o rn a da y b ra n d a m m u n itio n; Lt. Se a rs h a d b e e n a d v ise d b y th e

h o m ic id e in v e stig a to rs t h a t, b a se d o n th e m a rk in g s on th e sh e ll c a sin g s fo u n d

in sid e S pe a d ’s Esc a la d e , S pe a d a n d Willia m s m a y h a ve be e n k ille d with a .4 0

c a lib e r p isto l.

Ha rris c o n te nd s th a t wh ile Lt. S e a rs a n d th e o th e r la w e n f o r c e me n t

o ffic e rs h a d Ho lly ’s p e rm issio n to e n t e r t h e a p a rtm e n t, H o lly c o u ld n o t g iv e

th e m a uth o rity to e n te r Ha rris’s be d ro o m a s h e did n ot h a v e c o m m o n a u th o rity

o v e r th a t sp a c e

. Se e T

id we ll v

. S ta te

, 2 85 G a

. 1 03

, 1 0 5 -1 0 6 (1 ) (6 7 4 S E 2 d 2 7 2 )

(2 0 0 9 ). Ho we v e r, Ho lly ’s a uth o rity o v e r wh a t wa s la te r d e sc rib e d a s Ha rris’s

5b e d ro o m is n o t th e issu e

. Ra th e r, th e o ffic e rs we re l a w f u l ly in th e a

p a rtm e n t,

k n e w th a t Ha rris wa s su sp e c te d o f in v o l v e m e n t in a d o u b le ho m ic id e a n d th a t

h is p ic k u p tru c k wa s p a rk e d o u tsid e th e a p a rtm e nt, a n d u n d e r th e fa c ts o f th is

c a se , we re e n title d to m a k e a p ro te c tiv e swe e p o f t h e a p a rtm e n t fo r th e ir o wn

sa fe ty

. S e e C

e le stin v

. S ta te

, 2 9 6 Ga

. Ap p

. 7 27

, 7 33 -7 3 4 (3 ) (b ) (5 76 S E2 d 4 8 0 )

(2 0 0 9 ); Nic k

e rso n v

. Sta te

, 2 4 8 Ga

. Ap p

. 82 9

, 8 3 2 (2 ) ( b ) (5 45 S E2 d 5 8 7 )

(2 0 0 1 ). Co m

p a re C a u s e y v

. S ta te

, 3 34 G a

. Ap p

. 1 7 0

, 1 7 2 -1 7 5 (2 ) (7 7 8 S E2 d

8 0 0 ) (2 0 1 5 ). Ac c o rd in g ly

, th e re is n o m e rit to Ha rris’s a rg u m e n t th a t Lt. S e a rs

wa s no t la w fu lly in a p o sitio n to n o tic e th e d ru g re sid u e a n d pa ra p h e rn a lia

, th e

ille g a l n a tu re o f wh ic h wa s re a d ily a p pa re nt to Lt. S e a rs, a s h e h a d sp e n t m o re

th a n se v e n y e a rs wo rk in g with a d ru g ta sk fo rc e

. S e e Cu p e v

. S ta te

, 3 2 7 Ga

.

Ap p

. 6 4 2 , 6 4 6 (1 ) (7 60 S E 2 d 6 4 7) (2 0 1 4 ).

No r is th e re m e r i t t o H a rris’s arg um e n t th a t th e Glo c k p isto l b o x a n d

a m m u n itio n sh o u ld h a v e b e e n su p p re sse d b e c a u se th o se ite m s we re b e y o n d th e

sc o p e o f th e se a rc h wa rra nt’s sp e c i f i c a tio n o f ille g a l d ru g s a n d re la te d

c o n tra b a n d . S e e S

mith so n v . S

ta te , 2 7 5 Ga

. Ap p

. 5 9 1 , 5 9 7 -5 9 9 (4 ) (6 2 1 S E2 d

7 8 3 ) (2 00 5 ). Lt. S e a r s w a s se a rc h in g fo r dru g s u n d e r th e b e d

, wh ic h

, b a se d

u p o n h is e x pe rie n c e with o th e r d ru g se a r c h e s , h e k n e w to be a p la c e wh e re

6ille g a l d ru g s we re o fte n h id d e n , a n d th e tria l c o u rt’s fin d in g th a t th e p isto l b o x

a n d a m m u n itio n we re fo u n d in a d v e rte n t l y i n p la in v ie w wh ile in e x e c u tio n o f

a v a lid se a rc h warra n t is n o t c le a rly e rro n e o us. S c a n d re tt , su p ra

.

2

. At tria l, Ha rris m a d e a c h a in o f c u sto d y o b je c tio n re g a rd in g th e a rtic le s

o f h is c lo th in g u p o n wh ic h wa s fo u n d S p e a d ’s DNA, n o tin g in p a rtic u la r th a t a

p h o to g ra p h o f Ha r r i s a t t h e tim e o f h is b o o k in g in to ja il sh o ws h im we a rin g a

wh ite T-sh irt, b u t th a t th e e v id e n c e b a g s c o nta in in g h is c lo th in g d id n o t in c lu d e

su c h a sh irt, bu t in c lu d e d a ta n k -to p sh irt. Du rin g tria l

, t h e S ta te p re se n te d

te stim o n y th a t e x p la in e d th e disc re p a n c y b e twe e n th e p h o to g ra p h a n d th e ite m s

in th e e v id e n c e b a g , to wit: wh e n Ha rris wa s a rre ste d

, h e a rriv e d we a rin g a wh ite

T-sh irt o v e r a ta n k -to p sh irt, a s we ll a s d a rk

- s h o r t s; a t th e tim e , th e ja il’s

b o o kin g p ra c tic e p e rm itte d a p riso ne r w h o a rriv e d with a wh ite T-sh irt to re ta in

th e sh irt to w e a r u n d e r his j a i l

- i ssu e d ju m psu it; wh e n H a rris c h a n g e d h is

c lo th in g , h e p ut th e wh ite T -sh irt b a c k o n a n d th e n pu t h is ju m p su it ov e r it; a n d

Ha rris’s o th e r c lo th in g w a s c o lle c te d a s pa rt o f th e sta nd ard p ro c e d u re , a n d la te r

tu rn e d o v e r to a de te c tiv e

.

Th e tria l c o u rt did n ot e rr in a d m ittin g th e e v id e n c e o v e r Ha rris’s

o b je c tio n

.

7W h e n th e S ta te se e k s to in tro d u c e in to e v id e nc e a n ite m th at i s

su b je c t to th e c ha in o f c u s t o d y ru le

, it m u st e sta b lish w ith

re a so n a b le a ssu ra n c e th a t t h e i t e m se iz e d is th e sa m e a s th e ite m b e in g offe re d in to e v id e n c e

. An d

, th e S ta te m u st sh o w w i t h

re a so n a b le c e rta in ty th a t th e re h a s b e e n n o ta m p e rin g o r su b stitu ti o n

o f th e e v id e n c e

.

W a lk e r v

. S t a t e , 2 9 4 Ga

. 8 5 1

, 85 2 (2 ) (7 5 7 S E2 d 6 4) (2 0 1 4 ) (Cita tio n s a n d

p u n c t u a t i o n o m itte d .) Th is th e S ta te d id

, a n d th e tria l c o u rt d id n o t a b u se its

d isc re tio n in de te rm in in g th a t th e S ta te la id th e n e c e ssa ry e v id e n tia ry

fo u n d a tio n

. S e e C

o llin s v

. S ta te

, 29 0 Ga

. 5 05

, 5 0 6 (2 ) (7 2 2 S E2 d 7 1 9 ) (2 0 1 2 ).

3

. Ha rris c o n te nd s th a t his tria l c o u n se l fa ile d to p ro v id e e ffe c tiv e

re p re se n ta tio n in th a t c o u n se l d id n o t re q u e s t a ju ry in stru c tio n o n “ m e re

p re se nc e .” In o rd e r to p re v a il o n th is c la im , h e m u st sh o w b o th th a t c o u n se l’s

p e rfo rm a n c e wa s de fic ie n t, a n d th a t th e d e fic ie n t p e rfo rm an c e wa s p re ju d ic ia l

to h is d e fe n se

. S

m ith v

. Fra n c is

, 2 5 3 G a

. 7 8 2

, 7 8 3 (1 ) (3 2 5 S E2 d 3 6 2 ) (1 9 8 5 ),

c itin g S tric k

la n d v

. W ash in g to n , 46 6 U.S

. 6 6 8 (1 0 4 S C t 2 0 5 2

, 8 0 LE2 d 6 7 4 )

(1 9 8 4 ). To m e e t th e first p ro n g o f th e re q u ire d te st, h e m u st o v e rc om e th e

“ stro ng p re su m

p tio n ” th a t c o u n s e l’s p e rfo rm an c e fe ll with in a “ wid e ra n g e o f

re a so na b le p r o f e s sio n a l c o n d u c t,” a n d th a t c o u n se l’s d e c isio n s we re “ m a d e in

8th e e x e rc ise o f re a so n a b le p ro fe ssio n a l ju d g m e n t.” Id

. Th e re a so n a b le n e ss o f

c o u n se l’s c o n d u c t is e x a m in e d fro m c o u n se l’s p e rsp e c tiv e a t th e tim e o f tria l a n d

u n d e r th e p a rtic u la r c irc um sta n c e s o f th e c a se

. Id

. a t 7 8 4

. T o m e e t th e se c o n d

p ro n g o f th e te st, h e m

u st sh o w th a t th e re is a re a so n a b le p ro b a b ility th a t, a

b se n t

a n y u n p ro fe ssio na l e rro rs o n c o u n se l’s p a rt, t h e re su lt o f h is tria l wo u ld h a v e

b e e n d iffe re n t. Id

. a t 7 8 3

. “ ‘We a c c e p t th e tria l c ou rt’s fa c tu a l fin d in g s a n d

c re d ib ility d e te rm in a tio n s u n le ss c le a rly e rro n e o u s, b u t we in d e p e n de n tly a p p ly

th e le ga l p rin c ip le s to th e fa c ts.’ [Cit.] ” R o b in so n v

. S ta te

, 27 7 Ga

. 7 5

, 7 6 (5 8 6

S E2 d 3 13 ) (2 0 0 3 ).

At tria l, Ha rris w a s re p re se n te d b y two a tto rn e y s. Du rin g th e h e a rin g o n

th e m o tio n fo r ne w tria l, a p p e lla te c o u n se l a sk e d on e o f H a rris’s tria l a tto rn e y s

wh y th e re h a d n o t b e e n a re q u e st fo r a n in stru c tio n o n “ m e re p re se nc e ,” se e

Mo ra le s v

. S ta te

, 2 8 1 Ga

. Ap p

. 1 8

, 1 9 (1 ) (6 3 5 S E2 d 3 2 5 ) (2 0 0 6 ), a n d th is tria l

c o u n se l re sp on d e d th a t h e d id n o t k n o w; wh e n th e se c o n d tria l a tto rn e y te stifie d

d u rin g th e h e a rin g , a

p p e lla te c o u n se l d id n o t a sk a n y q u e stio n s a b o u t th e fa ilu re

to re q u e st th e in stru c tio n . P re te rm ittin g wh e th e r Ha rris h a s m e t h is b u rd e n to

sh o w th a t th e p e rfo rm a nc e o f h is tria l c ou nse l wa s de fic ie n t, th is Co u rt ha s

sta te d th a t a ju ry in stru c tio n o n “ m e re p re se n c e ” is sim p ly a c o ro lla ry to t h e

9re q u ire m e n t th a t th e S ta te p ro v e b e y o n d a re a so n a b le d o u b t e a c h e le m e n t o f th e

c rim e s c h a rg e d

, a n d wh e re , a s h e re , th e tria l c o u rt’s in st r u c tio n s c le a rly

in fo rm e d t h e j u r y o f th is re q u ire m e n t, th e re is n o e rro r in fa ilin g to g iv e th e

“ m e re pre se n c e ” in stru c tio n. S immo n s v

. S ta te

, 2 8 2 Ga

. 1 8 3

, 1 8 8 (1 4 ) (6 4 6

S E2 d 5 5) (2 0 1 1 ). Se e a lso Pa rk e r v

. S ta te

, 2 7 0 Ga

. 2 5 6

, 2 5 8 (3 ) (5 0 7 S E2 d

7 4 4 ) (1 9 9 8), o v e rru le d on o th e r g ro u n d s, L in so n v

. S ta te

, 2 87 Ga

. 88 1, 8 8 6 (4 )

(7 0 0 S E2 d 3 9 4 ) (2 0 14 ). Ac c o rd in g ly

, th e tria l c ou rt d id n ot e rr in fin d in g th a t

th e fa ilu re to re q u e st su c h a n in stru c tio n did n o t p re ju di c e H a rris. Ro b in so n ,

su p ra

.

4

. F in a lly

, c itin g c irc u m sta n tia l e v id e n c e s u c h as th e p re se n c e o f h is

fin g e rp rin t o n th e rig ht re a r p a sse n g e r-sid e d o o r wh e n th e fa ta l sh o ts we re fire d

fro m th e rig h t re a r p a sse n g e r se a t, b a llistic s e v id e n c e sh o win g th a t th e c a rtrid g e

c a se s th a t we re re c o v e re d fro m th e in te rio r of th e E sc a la d e w e re e je c te d fro m h is

p isto l, th e p re se n c e of S p e a d ’s DNA o n h is c lo th in g, a n d e v id e n c e th a t a p ic k u p

tru c k m a tc h in g th e de sc rip tio n o f h is wa s n e xt to th e Esc a la de n e a r th e tim e o f

th e sh o o tin g , H a rris c o n te nd s th a t th e e v id e n c e wa s in su ffic ie nt to a u th o riz e th e

ju ry to fin d b e y o n d a re a so n a b le do u b t th a t h e wa s g u ilty o f th e c rim e s o f wh ic h

h e wa s c o n v ic te d

. S e e J a c k so n v

. Virg i n i a , 4 4 3 U.S

. 3 0 7 (9 9 S Ct 2 7 8 1

, 6 1

10LE2 d 5 60 ) (1 97 9). A lth o u g h Ha rris u rg e s th a t th e e v id e n c e d id n o t n e c e ssa rily

p ro v e th a t h e k ille d Sp e a d a n d Willia m s, “ [w] h e n t h i s Co u r t re v ie ws th e

su ffic ie n c y o f th e e vid e n c e , it d o e s n ot re -we ig h th e e v id e n c e o r re so lv e

c o n flic ts in witn e ss te stim o n y , b ut in ste a d it d e fe rs to th e ju ry ’s a sse ssm e n t o f

t h e we ig h t a n d c re d ib ility of th e e v id e n c e

. [Cit.] ” G re e so n v

. S ta te

, 2 8 7 G a

.

7 6 4

, 7 6 5 (7 00 S E2 d 3 4 4 ) (2 0 1 0 ). Th e ju ry wa s in stru c te d o n th e u se o f d ire c t

a n d c irc u m sta n tia l e v id e n c e , a n d th e e vid e n c e a u th o riz e d it to fin d Ha rris g u ilty

b e y o n d a re a so n a

b le d o u b t o f th e c rim e s o f w h ic h h e w a s c o nv ic te d

. J a c k so n ,

su p ra ; H a rp e r v . S ta te , 2 9 8 Ga . 1 5 8 , 1 6 1 (7 8 0 S E2 d 3 0 8 ) (2 0 1 5 ).

Ju d g m e n ts a ffirm e d . All th e Ju stic e s c o n c u r.

11