ii 

## T ABLE OF 

## C ONTENTS

I. PRELIMINARY WORK PLAN ..................................................................................................... ........................... 4

A. Over view .................................................................................................................. ........................................ 4

B. Statutory and R egulatory Au thority ........................................................................................ .......................... 5

C. Background ................................................................................................................ ...................................... 5

1. Summary of the Active Ingr edient .......................................................................................... ..................... 5

2. Mode of Action ............................................................................................................ ................................. 5 3. Register ed Products ....................................................................................................... ............................. 6 4. Application Rates and Me thods ............................................................................................. ...................... 6

5. Use Pattern ............................................................................................................... ................................... 7

6. Toleranc e Actions ......................................................................................................... ............................... 8

D. Anticipated Data N eeds and Risk A ssessments ............................................................................... ............... 8

1. Product Analysis : 40 CFR 158.2120 ........................................................................................ .................. 8 2. Toxicology: 40 CFR 158.2140 .............................................................................................. ...................... 9 3. Nontarget Organisms and Envir onmental Fate: 40 CFR 158.2 150 ......................................................... 10

E. Risk to Threatened and Endangered Species ................................................................................. .............. 10

F. Endocrine Effe cts ......................................................................................................... .................................. 10

G. In cidents ................................................................................................................. ........................................ 11

H. Summary of Anti cipated Data Needs ......................................................................................... .................... 11

I. Time line .................................................................................................................. ......................................... 12

J. Guidance for Comm enters ................................................................................................... ........................... 13

1. Environment al Justice ..................................................................................................... .......................... 13

2. Water Quality ............................................................................................................. ................................ 13

3. Trade I rritants ........................................................................................................... ................................. 13

4. Additional Information .................................................................................................... ............................ 14

K. Next Steps ................................................................................................................ ...................................... 14

II. FACT SUMMARY FOR CASE 6088 ............................................................................................... ................... 14

III. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ .................................... 15

A. Studies Supporting Registration Review of Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 .............................................. 15

B. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Risk Assessm ent Memoranda ......................................................... 17

C. Other Re ferences .......................................................................................................... ................................. 19

TABLES

Table 1 Product Analysis Data Requirem ents and How They Are Met .............................................................. 8

Table 2 Human Health Toxicology Data Requi rements and How T hey Were Met ............................................ 9

Table 3 Ecological Toxicity Data Require ments and How They Were Met ...................................................... 10

Table 4 Anticipated Data Needs for Case 6088— Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 ...................................... 11

APPENDICES
Appendix I Regulatory History Pertaining to t he Registration of Products Containing S. lydicus WYEC 108 as an Active Ingredient

Appendix II Plant Diseases Controlled by S. lydicus WYEC 108

Appendix III Use Sites for Products Containing S. lydicus WYEC 108 as an Active Ingredientiii 

## A CRONYMS AND 

## A BBREVIATIONS

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CSF Confidential Statement of Formulation

DCI Data Call-in

EDSP Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the Agency

FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act

FR Federal Register

FWP Final Work Plan

IDS Incident Data System

MPCA Microbial Pest Control Agent

MRID Master Record Identification Number

MRLs Maximum Residue Limits

OPP Office of Pesticide Programs

OPPIN Office of Pesticide Programs Information

PWP Preliminary Work Plan

S. lydicus Streptomyces lydicus

TMDLs Total Maximum Daily LoadsI. PRELIMINARY WORK PLAN

A. Overview

Case Name: S treptomyces lydicus WYEC 108

Case No : 6088

PC Code: 006327

Docket: EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0608 Registrant: Novozymes BioAg

The docket for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 is now open, initiating the first public comment period for Registration Review Case 6088. This pesti cide active ingredient is a bacterium that is registered for use to control a number of soil- and foliar-borne plant diseases generally caused by fungi.

This Preliminary Work Plan (PWP) document explains what the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA or the Agency) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) knows about Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108, highlighting anticipated data and assessment needs, identifying types of information that would be especially useful to EPA in conducting the review, and providing an anticipated timeline for completing review of this active ingredient.

The Registration Review process was designed to include a public participation component to solicit input from interested stakeholders. By shar ing this information in the docket, EPA intends to inform the public of what it knows about Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 and what types of new data or other information would be helpful for the Agency to receive as it moves toward a decision on this active ingredient. EPA encourages all interested stakeholders to review the PWP and to provide comments and additional information that will help EPA’ s decision-making process for this microbial pesticide. In addition to general areas on which persons may wish to comment, there are some areas identified in the PWP about which EPA specifically seeks comments and information. Interested stakeholders could include the following: envir onmental nonprofit or interest groups; pesticide manufacturers; agricultural labor or commodity groups; commercial, institutional, residential, and other users of pesticides; or the public at large.

The PWP begins by discussing the statutory and regulatory authority for Registration Review. Next, it provides background on Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 including a description of the modes of action; currently registered pesticide products; application rates and methods; use sites; and tolerance exemption information. Then, it lists the anticipated data needs and risk assessments and a projected Registration Review timeline for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Finally, the PWP describes guidance for commenters; explains the nex t steps EPA will take for this Registration Review; summarizes background information for this Regi stration Review; and lists supporting studies, risk assessment memoranda, and other documents.

Further information about this case, including background and supporting documents, is available at http://www.regulations.gov (under “SEAR CH for: Rules, Comments, Adjudications or Supporting Documents,” enter the docket identification number, which is indicated above).5 B. Statutory and Regulatory Authority

The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 mandated a Registration Review program. All pesticides distributed or sold in the United States must generally be registered by EPA, based on scientific data showing that they will not cause unreasonable risks to human health or the environment when used as directed on the product labeling. The Registration Review program is intended to make sure that, as the ability to assess risk evolves and as policies and practices change, all registered pesticides continue to meet the statutory standard of no unreasonable adverse effects to human health or the environment. Changes in science, public policy, and pesticide use practices will occur over time. Through the Registration Review program, EPA periodica lly reevaluates pesticides to make sure that, as change occurs, products in the marketplace can continue to be used safely. Information on this program is provided on EPA’s website.

EPA is implementing the Registration Review program pursuant to Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) section 3(g) and will review each registered pesticide every 15 years to determine whether it continues to meet the FIFRA standard for registration. The regulations governing Registration Review begin at 40 CFR 155.40. EPA will consider benefits information and data as required by FIFRA. The public phase of Registration Review begins when the initial docket is opened for each case. The docket is EPA’ s opportunity to state what it knows about the pesticide and what additional risk analyses and data or information it believes are needed to make a Registration Review decision. After reviewing and responding to comments and data received in the docket during this initial comment period, EPA will develop a Final Work Plan (FWP) and anticipated schedule for the Registration Review of Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108.

C. Background

1. Summary of the Active Ingredient

Streptomyces lydicus is a naturally-occurring bacterium that is commonly found in soil

environments. Its taxonomic classification is (NLM 2014):

Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria

Class: Actinobacteria

Order: Actinomycetales Family: Streptomycetaceae

Genus: Streptomyces Species: lydicus

Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 was first isolated by Crawford et al. (1993) from soil surrounding linseed plants found in a grassland sometimes grazed by sheep at Hastings Hill, South Downs, West Sussex, England.

2. Mode of Action

Streptomyces lydicus colonizes growing root tips of plants and acts as a mycoparasite of fungal root pathogens which helps protect the plants. Other possible mechanisms include the production and excretion of antifungal metabolites (e.g., antibiotics and/or low molecular weight antifungal compounds or lytic enzymes like chitinase) after colonization. (U.S. EPA 2004d) Tokala et al. (2002) points out that the strain WYEC 108 is a “plant growth-promoting bacterium in the absence of fungal pathogen challenge. This may be due to the ability of strain WYEC 108 to produce hydroxamate-type siderophores and/or other plant growth-promoting metabolites in the rhizosphere.”6 3. Registered Products

Novozymes BioAg is the sole registrant for pesticide products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 as an active ingredient. EPA registered the first product containing this active ingredient in 2004; today three such products are registered:

EPA Reg. No Product

Name % Active Ingredient First Registered

73314-1 Actinovate® Soluble Biological Fungicide 0.0371 May 24, 2004

73314-2 Actino-Iron® Biological Fungicide 0.013 January 12, 2005

73314-4 Actinovate® STP Fungicide 0.33 December 19, 2007

Appendix I provides a detailed regulatory history for the registration of these products.

4. Application Rates and Methods

Pesticide products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 may be applied to soil (as a drench or mixed with soil); foliage (using backpack sprayer, aerially, or via ground equipment); seed (using commercial seed treatment equipment); roots being transplanted (cuttings or bare roots); ornamental bulbs (as a soak, dust, or drench); and turf (with a spreader). Provided below is a summary of the application rates for the three labels.

. 73314-1: Actinovate® Soluble Biological Fungicide

Greenhouse : nursery, ornamentals, vegetables & herbs

Soil Application Foliar Application

4 to 6 oz in 100 gal water (drench) 6 to 12 oz in 50 to 100 gal water

1.5 to 4 oz per yard soil (blending)

Transplant Dip

6 to 18 oz in 50 gal water

Ornamental Bulbs

Soak Dust Drench

6 to 18 oz in 100 gal water 2 to 6 oz per 100 lb bulbs 6 to 12 oz in 10 to 200 gal water

Agricultural Production

Soil Treatment Seed Treatment Foliar Application

1 to 12 oz in 10 to 200 gal

water/Acre soil 2 to 18 lb/A seed 1 to 12 oz in 10 to 150 gal

water/Acre

Turf

18 to 54 oz/Acre7 73314-2: Actino-Iron® Biological Fungicide (soil only)

Greenhouses and Nurseries Potting Soil Mix

5 lb/yd 3 of planting media

Nursery Beds

2 to 8 lb/1,000 ft 2

Top Dressing

3 oz/ft 3 planting media

Turf

4 to 9 oz/1000 ft 2 grass

Outdoor Field and Ornamental

10 to 15 lb/A

73314-4: Actinovate® STP Fungicide (seed treatment only)

Seed Coating

0.0088 to 0.28 oz/lb seed

5. Use Pattern

Products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 as an active ingredient are registered for use to treat a number of root and foliar plant diseases generally caused by fungi and molds (e.g.,

Alternaria

, Botrytis

, Erysiphe

, Sclerotinia

, Phytophthora ), and in a few cases, by bacteria (e.g., Erwinia,

Xanthomonas ), or nematodes ( Belonolaimus longicaudatus

, Tylenchulus semipenetrans ). Appendix II provides a comprehensive list of the diseases against which products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 are registered for use.

The use pattern for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 containing products is quite broad and includes food and nonfood agricultural and residential uses. Food uses range from seed treatments to foliar and soil application to a wide-array of food commodities including animal feed such as grasses and hay. Specific food crops, which may be greenhouse- or field-grown, include: cucurbits (e.g., melons); leafy vegetables and herbs (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, oregano); root and bulb vegetables (e.g., beets, garlic, potatoes); tree fruits (e.g., apples, cherries, citrus); nuts and berries (almonds, blueberries, pistachio nuts); grains and legumes (e.g., barley, millet, wheat); and other food crops such as bananas and grapes. Nonfood uses include application to an array of ornamental plants grown in the field, nurseries, and greenhouses. These include: turf (athletic fields, golf courses); grasses (St. Augustine, zoysiagrass); and other ornamental plants ( bulbs, flowering plants, perennials). Provided in Appendix III is a complete list of use sites for products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 as an active ingredient.8 6. Tolerance Actions

An exemption from the requirement of tole rance was established through a Final Rule published on June 3, 2004 (69 FR 31301); it reads:

§ 180.1253 Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108; Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the microbial pesticide Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 when used in or on all agricultural commodities when applied/used in accordance with label directions.

No changes have been made to this exempti on since its establishment in 2004.

D. Anticipated Data Needs and Risk Assessments

Provided below are tables identifying the current data requirements for microbial pesticides as set forth in 40 CFR part 158, subpart V; they are arrayed by scientific discipline: Table 1—Product Analysis, Table 2—Human Health Toxicology, and Table 3— Ecotoxicity. Each table lists the respective data requirements and shows how the requirement has been met (or not met). The term “Guideline” refers to the Agency test guidelines for microbial pesticides; these can be found under the 700 Series at: http://nepis.epa.gov/EPA/html/pubnumindex.html.

EPA has identified several physical and chemical property data gaps (under Product Analysis, Table 1) which are anticipated data needs for this r egistration review. All other data requirements have

been fulfilled.

1. Product Analysis: 40 CFR 158.2120

Table 1 Product Analysis Data Requirements and How They Are Met

Guideline Data Requirement How the Requirement Is Met (MRID; Review)

EPA Reg. No 73314-1

A ctinovate® Soluble EPA Reg. No 73314-2

A ctino-Iron® EPA Reg. No 73314-4

A ctinovate® STP

Product Chemistry and Composition

885.1100 Product identity 451413-01; U.S. EPA 2001b, 2007c

885.1200 Manufacturing process i 451413-01;

U.S. EPA 2001b 462980-01; U.S. EPA 2004g 472205-01;

U.S. EPA 2007c

885.1250 Deposition of a sample in a nationally recognized

culture collection. 451413-01;

U.S. EPA 2001b

885.1300 Discussion of formation of unintentional ingredients 451413-01;

U.S. EPA 2001b 462980-01; U.S. EPA 2004g 471876-01;

U.S. EPA 2007c

Analysis and Certified Limits

885.1400 Analysis of samples 460572-01;

U.S. EPA 2004b 464234-01; U.S. EPA 2005a, b 472205-01;

U.S. EPA 2007c

885.1500 Certificat ion of limits information provided on: June 26, 2013 CSF ii information provided on November 1, 2013 CSF information provided on December 7, 2007 CSF

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

830.6302 Color D ATA G AP D ATA G AP 471876-01;

U.S. EPA 2007c

830.6303 Physical state 451413-01; U.S. EPA 2001b, 2004b 462980-01; U.S. EPA 2004g 471876-01;

U.S. EPA 2007c9 Guideline Data Requirement How the Requirement Is Met (MRID; Review)

EPA Reg. No 73314-1

A ctinovate® Soluble EPA Reg. No 73314-2

A ctino-Iron® EPA Reg. No 73314-4

A ctinovate® STP

830.6304 Odor D ATA G AP D ATA G AP 471876-01;

U.S. EPA 2007c

830.6313 Stability to normal and elevated temperatures, metals, and metal ions D ATA G AP D ATA G AP D ATA G AP

830.6317 Storage stability 451413-01;

U.S. EPA 2001b 462980-01; U.S. EPA 2004g 471876-01; U.S. EPA 2007c, d

830.6319 Miscibility NA iii : only required for emulsifiable liquid forms of microbial pesticides; these products are solids.

830.6320 Corrosion characteristics D ATA G AP 464234-01;

U.S. EPA 2005a D ATA G AP

830.7000 pH 460572-01; U.S. EPA 2001b, 2004b 462980-01; U.S. EPA 2004g D ATA G AP

830.7100 Viscosity NA iv : Only required fo r liquid forms of microbial pesticides; these products are solids.

830.7300 Density DATA GAP D ATA G AP D ATA G AP

i Products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 as an active ingredient are manuf actured using an ‘integrated process,’ which means that there is no separat e manufacturing-use product. ii CSF=Confidential Statement of Formulation. iii 40 CFR 158.2120(d)3

iv 40 CFR 158.2120(d)5

2. Toxicology: 40 CFR 158.2140

Table 2 Human Health Toxicology Data Requirements and How They Were Met

Guideline Data Requirement How the Requirement Is Met (MRID; Review)

EPA Reg. No 73314-1

Actinovate® Soluble EPA Reg. No 73314-2

Actino-Iron® EPA Reg. No 73314-4

Actinovate® STP

885.3050 Acute oral toxicity/ pathogenicity Satisfied with scientific rationale (TSG 2002); U.S. EPA 2003a, 2004d

885.3150 Acute pulmonary toxicity/pathogenicity 451117-02; U.S. EPA 2001b,

885.3200 Acute injection toxicity/ pathogenicity (i.v.) 451117-03; U.S. EPA 2001b

885.3400 Hypersensitivity

incidents Data Waived: Registrant reported (MRID 470434-02) that no such incidents have occurred for any of their products containing S. lydicus WYEC 108. Further, they stated that should any incidents occur, they will be reported under FIFRA section 6(a)(2).

885.3500 Cell culture NA i : only required for virus; Streptomyces lydicus is a bacterium.

870.1100 Acute oral toxicity 451117-01; U.S. EPA 2001b, 2003b 462980-02; U.S. EPA 2004g 451117-01;

U.S. EPA 2007d

870.1200 Acute dermal toxicity 451070- 00;

U.S. EPA 2004c 462980-03; U.S. EPA 2004g 462980-03;

U.S. EPA 2007d

870.1300 Acute inhalation toxicity 451117-04;

U.S. EPA 2003b 462980-04; U.S. EPA 2004g 462980-04;

U.S. EPA 2007d

870.2400 Acute eye irritation 451117-04; U.S. EPA 2001b, 2003b 462980-05; U.S. EPA 2004g 451117-04;

U.S. EPA 2007d

870.2500 Primary dermal

irritation 451117-05; U.S. EPA
2001b, 2003b, 2004c 462980-06; U.S. EPA 2004g 451117-05;

U.S. EPA 2007d

i 40 CFR 158.2140(d)410 3. Nontarget Organisms and Environmental Fate: 40 CFR 158.2150

Table 3 Ecological Toxicity Data Requirements and How They Were Met

Guideline Data Requirement How the Requirement Is Met ( MRID; Review )

Tier I

885.4050 Avian oral toxicity 468739-01; U.S. EPA 2006a

885.4100 Avian inhalation toxicity/pathogenicity 470434-02; U.S. EPA 2003b

885.4150 Wild mammal toxicity/pat hogenicity 470434-02; U.S. EPA 2003b

885.4200 Freshwater fish toxicity/ pathogenicity 451117-06; U.S. EPA 2001a

885.4240 Freshwater invertebrate toxicity /pathogenicity 468739-02; U.S. EPA 2006a

885.4280 Estuarine/Marine fish testing

Estuarine and marine invertebrate testing 470434-02; U.S. EPA 2003b

885.4300 Nontarget plant test ing 468739-03; U.S. EPA 2006a

885.4340 Nontarget insect test ing 470434-02; U.S. EPA 2003b

885.4380 Honey bee testing 468739-04; U.S. EPA 2006a

E. Risk to Threatened and Endangered Species

The Agency has not prepared a risk assessment that supports a complete endangered species

determination for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. During Registration Review, EPA plans on conducting an ecological risk assessment to determine whether use of Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 will have “no effect” or “may affect” feder ally listed threatened or endangered species (listed species) and/or their designated critical habitat. When an assessment concludes that a pesticide’s use “may affect” a listed species and/or its designated cr itical habitat, EPA will consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or National Marine Fisheries Service (the Services), as appropriate.

F. Endocrine Effects

As required by the Administrator under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) section 408(p), EPA has developed the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) and has begun to implement the screening program that is to be used to test all pesticides to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide active and ot her ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect produced by a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate.”

FFDCA section 408(p)(4) authorizes the Administrator, by order, to exempt from the requirements of the Estrogenic Substances Scre ening Program a biological substance or other substance if a determination is made that the substance is not anticipated to produce any effect in humans similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogenic substance.

Between October 2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call-ins (DCI’s) for the first group of 67 chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and nine inert ingredients. Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 is not among the group of 58 pesticide active ingredients on the initial

list to be screened under the EDSP.11 EPA believes that Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108, the active ingredient in this Registration Review case, likely would not produce any effect in humans similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogenic substance. As such, pursuant to Section 408(p)(4), EPA will determine in the future whether it can exempt Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 from the requirements of section 408(p) of EDSP. If EPA determines to exempt this subst ance from the EDSP, then it will issue an order.

For further information on the status of the EDSP, the policies and procedures, the list of 67 chemicals, future lists, the test guidelines and the Tier 1 screening battery, please visit our website at http://www.epa.gov/endo/.

G. Incidents

Over the period June 1992 to August 2014, no adverse human, domestic animal, or environmental incidents involving exposure to Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 as an active ingredient in a pesticide formulation have been reported to the O ffice of Pesticide Programs’ Incident Data System (U.S. EPA 2014). The Agency will consider any incident data or comments submitted to this docket in response to this PWP.

H. Summary of Anticipated Data Needs

The Agency expects to issue a DCI for the following product analysis data gaps.

Table 4 Anticipated Data Needs for Case 6088— Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108

Product Analysis (40 CFR 158.2120) Human Health Toxicity (40 CFR 158.2140) Ecological Toxicity (40 CFR 158.2150)

Guideline Requirement Timeframe (months from receipt of DCI)

No data gaps. No data gaps. 830.6302 Color 8 months

830.6304 Odor 8 months

830.6313 Stability to normal and elevated temperatures, metals, and metal ions 8 months

830.6320 Corrosion characteristics 8 months

830.7000 pH 8 months

830.7300 Density 8 months12 I. Timeline

The projected timeline for Case 6088 ( Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108) is as follows:

Activity Month Year (estimated)

Docket Opening

Open Docket and 60-Day Public Comment Period September 2014

Close Public Comment Period November 2014

Case Development

Issue Final Work Plan i May 2015

Issue Data Call-in May 2016

Data Submission January 2017

Open 30-Day Public Comment Period

for Draft Risk Assessments June 2017

Close Public Comment Period July 2017

Registration Review Decision

Open 60-Day Public Comment Period for Proposed Registration Review Decision November 2017

Close Public Comment Period January 2018

Final Decision February 2018

I E STIMATED T OTAL ( YEARS ): 4.5

i This schedule is subject to revision should unforeseen issues arise during the Registration Review process. If an issue arises (e.g., failure to acquire an EDSP exemption), an amended FWP may be issued at that time. That FWP will identify any newly anticipated data needs and set forth a new timeline.13 J. Guidance for Commenters

The public is invited to comment on the PWP and rationale. The areas below highlight topics of special interest to EPA where comments, information submissions, or reference to sources of additional information could be of particular use. EPA will consider all comments, as well as any additional information or data provided in a timely m anner, prior to issuing an FWP for this case.

1. Environmental Justice

EPA seeks to achieve environmental justice, t he fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulati ons, and policies. To help address potential environmental justice issues, EPA seeks information on any groups or segments of the population who, as a result of their location, cultural practices, or other factors, may have atypical, unusually high exposure to Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 compared to the general population. Please comment if you are aware of any subpopulations that may have atypical, unusually high exposure compared to the general population.

2. Water Quality

Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. In addition, EPA has not developed Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. More information on impaired water bodies and TMDLs can be found at EPA’s website. EPA invites submission of water quality data for this pesticide. To the extent possible, data should conform to the quality standards in Appendix A of the Office of Pesticide Programs’ Standard Operating Procedure: Inclusion of Impaired Water Body and Other Water Quality Data in OPP’s Registration Review Risk Assessment and Management Process to ensure they can be used quantitatively or qualitatively in pesticide risk

assessments.

3. Trade Irritants

Through the Registration Review process, EPA intends to solicit information on trade irritants and, to the extent feasible, take steps toward facilitating irritant resolution. The Agency will work to

harmonize tolerance and international Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and may modify tolerance levels to do so, when possible. Growers and other stakeholders are asked to comment on any trade irritant issues resulting from lack of MRLs or disparities between U.S. tolerances and MRLs in key export markets, providing as much specificity as possible regarding the nature of the concern.

The Agency has exempted Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 from the requirement of a tolerance. Moreover, there are no known MRLs for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Therefore, EPA does not anticipate that current uses of this pesti cide active ingredient will pose concerns as trade

irritants.14 4. Additional Information

Stakeholders also are asked to provide informat ion and data that will assist EPA in refining the risk assessments. The Agency is interested in obtaining the following information on Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108:

K. Next Steps

After the 60-day comment period closes, EPA will review and respond to any comments received in a timely manner and then issue an FWP for Case 6088.

II. FACT SUMMARY FOR CASE 6088

Active Ingredient (PC Code) First Registered Registered

Pesticide

Products i Publicly Available

EPA Science and Regulatory

Documents Additional Risk Assessment Needed?

Product Chemistry Human

Health Ecological

Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (006327) May 24, 2004 Three end-use products ii BRAD (U.S. EPA 2004d) Yes No Yes

i See Appendix II and III for additional in formation (i.e., use sites and diseas es controlled) on the currently registered products. Labels for thes e products can be found in the Pesticide Product Label System at: http://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/ pesticides/f?p=PPLS:1

ii Note: there is no manufacturing product because the products are made using integrated systems.  Confirmation on the following label information:

- Formulations

- Application sites

- Application methods and equipment

- Maximum application rates

- Frequency of application, application intervals, and maximum number of applications

- Geographic limitations on use

 Use or potential use distribution (e.g., acreage and

geographical distribution of relevant use sites)  Median and 90th percentile reported use rates (lbs active ingredient/1,000 square feet) from usage data—national, state, and county

 Application timing (date of first application and

application intervals)—national, state, and county

 Usage/use information for nonagricultural uses

 Typical application interval (days)

 State or local use restrictions

 Monitoring data15 III. BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Studies Supporting Registration Review of Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108

MRID 451070-01 Roberts, A. 2000. Product Chemistry of Actinovate® Iron Fulvate. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. {OPPTS 885.1100, 885.1200, 885.1300, 885.1500, 830.1800, 830.6303, 830.6317}. 20 p. Study Completion Date: April 24, 2000.

MRID 451117-01 Kuhn, J. 1999. Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats (Actinovate® Soluble): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5199-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow Labs {OPPTS 885.3050}. 10 p. Study Completion Date: October
29, 1999.

MRID 451117-02 Kuhn, J. 2000. Acute Pulmonary Toxicity/Pathogenicity Study in Rats with a Microbial Pest Control Agent (MPCA)(Soluble): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5202-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 41p. Study Completion Date: March 1, 2000.

MRID 451117-03 Kuhn, J. 2000. Acute Injection Toxicity/Pathogenicity Study in Rats with a Microbial Pest Control Agent (MPCA): (Actinovate® Soluble): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5203-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 45 p. Study Completion Date: March 1, 1999.

MRID 451117-04 Kuhn, J. 1999. Primary Eye Irrita tion Study in Rabbits: (Actinovate® Soluble): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5200-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. {OPPTS 870.2400} 16 p. Study Completion Date: September
2, 2000.

MRID 451117-05 Kuhn, J. 1999. Acute Dermal Irritation Study in Rabbits: (Actinovate® Soluble): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 5201-99. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. {OPPTS 870.2500}. 13 p. Study Completion Date: September
2, 1999.

MRID 451117-06 Sutherland, C.; Krueger, H. 2000. (Actinovate® Soluble) Streptomyces lydicus ): A 96-Hour Static Acute Toxicity with t he Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 506A-101. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd. {OPPTS 885.4200} 23 p. Study Completion Date:
March 22, 2000.

MRID 451413-01 Roberts, A. 2000. Product Chem istry of Actinovate® Soluble. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group. {OPPTS 885.1100, 885.1200,
885.1300, 885.1400, 885.1500, 830.6302, 830.6303, 830.6304, 830.6315, 830.6317, 830.7000, 830.7300}. 28 p. Study Completion Date: April 24, 2000.

MRID 460572-01 Roberts, A. 2003. Supplemental Product Chemistry for Actinovate® Soluble. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. 18 p. Study Completion Date: August 15, 2003.

MRID 462980-01 Stewart, R.; Brookman, D. 2004. Product Chemistry of Actinovate® Iron Fulvate Supplement to MRID 45107001. U npublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. 27 p. Study Completion Date: April 14, 2004.16MRID 462980-02 Moore, G. 2004. Acute Oral Toxicity Up and Down Procedure in Rats: ActinoIron®. Project Number: 14129, P320/UDP. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p. Study Completion Date: January 12, 2004.

MRID 462980-03 Moore, G. 2004. Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats—Limit Test: ActinoIron®. Project Number: 14130, P322. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p. Study Completion Date: January 12, 2004.

MRID 462980-04 Moore, G. 2004. Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats—Limit Test: ActinoIron®. Project Number: 14131, P330. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 23 p. Study Completion Date: January 12, 2004.

MRID 462980-05 Moore, G. 2004. Primary Eye I rritation Study in Rabbits: Actino-Iron®. Project Number: 14132, P324. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p. Study Completion Date: January 12, 2004.

MRID 462980-06 Moore, G. 2004. Primary Skin I rritation Study in Rabbits: Actino-Iron®. Project Number: 14133, P326. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 15 p. Study Completion Date: January 12, 2004.

MRID 464234-01 Brookman, D. 2004. Product Chemistry of Actinovate® Iron Fulvate [Addendum]. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. 18 p. Study Completion Date: December 8, 2004.

MRID 468739-01 Gallagher, S.; Beavers, J. 2005. Actinovate® Soluble: An Avian Oral Pathogenicity and Toxicity Study in the Northern Bobwhite: Final Report. Project Number: 506/101. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd. 49 p. Study Completion Date: December 15, 2005.

MRID 468739-02 Rodrigue, N. 2006. Actinovate® Soluble: MPCA Freshwater Invertebrate Toxicity Test with Daphnia magna: Final Report. Project Number: 9274/05. Unpublished study prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. 24 p. Study Completion
Date: March 16, 2006.

MRID 468739-03 Curry, K. 2005. Response to Tier 1 Non-Target Plant Studies. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. 176 p. Study Completion Date: May 24, 2005.

MRID 468739-04 Richards, K. 2006. Evaluation of the Dietary Effect(s) of Actinovate® Soluble on Adult Honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.). Project Number: CAR/144/05, HB/1. Unpublished study prepared by California Agricultural Research Inc. 75 p. Study Completion Date: May 16, 2006.

MRID 470434-01 Curry, K. 2006. Product Chemistry of Actinovate® STP Fungicide. Unpublished study prepared by Natural Industries Inc. 21 p. Study Completion Date:
December 18, 2006.

MRID 470434-02 Roberts, A.; Bjornson, H. 2007. Response to Tier 1 Data Requirements for Actinovate® STP Fungicide. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group Inc. 22 p. Study Completion Date: January 29, 2007.17 MRID 471745-01 Roberts, A.; Bjornson, H. 2007. Supplemental Product Chemistry of Actinovate® Soluble: Supplemental to MRID Nos. 451413-01 and 460572-01. Unpublished study prepared by Natural Industries, Inc. 20 p. Study Completion Date: July 6, 2007.

MRID 471876-01 Curry, K. 2007. Product Chemistry of Actinovate® STP Fungicide. Unpublished study prepared by Technology Sciences Group, Inc. 21 p. Study Completion
Date: December 18, 2006.

MRID 472205-01 Roberts, A. 2007. Supplemental Product Chemistry of Actinovate® Soluble. Unpublished study prepared by Natural Industries, Inc. 21 p. Study Completion Date: August 29, 2007.

B. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Risk Assessment Memoranda

U.S. EPA. 2001a. Memorandum from Robyn Rose to Alan Reynolds. Review of the submitted rainbow trout study and data waiver requests for Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. EPA Reg. No. 073314-R; DP Barcode No. D267009; Case No. 068852; Submission No. S581481. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. May 25, 2001. 7 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2001b. Memorandum from Carl Etsitty to Alan Reynolds. BPPD Review of Data Submitted by Natural Industries, Inc., for Registration of Actinovate Soluble and Actinovate Iron Fulvate, active ingredient Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (Submission#: S581481, S581503; DP Barcode: 271226, 271224; MRID Nos.: 451070-01, 451117-01, 451117-02, 451117-03, 451117-04, 451117-05, 451413-01). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. October 15, 2001. 33 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2003a. 05-21-03. Memorandum from Joel Gagliardi to Alan Reynolds. Actinovate Iron Fulvate® containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Review of February 28, 2002 responses to the EPA deficiency letter of November 29, 2001. U.S. En vironmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. May 21, 2003. 13 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2003b. Memorandum from Joel Gagliardi to Alan Reynolds. Actinovate Iron Fulvate® containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Review of February 28, 2003 responses to EPA inquiries (Alan Reynolds to Amy Roberts, request for additional information, 01/2003) pertaining to ActinovateTM Soluble containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108, for registration of the MPCA; EPA REG. No. 73314-R. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. May 21, 2003. 6 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2004a. 01-14-04. Memorandum from Joel Gagliardi to Alan Reynolds. Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 Food Tolerance Exemption Petition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. January 14, 2004. 4 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2004b. Memorandum from Joel Gagliardi to Alan Reynolds. ActinovateTM Soluble containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Response to deficiencies sent to the registrant 6/4/2003 corresponding to data originally submitted 2/28/2002 and 4/11/2003 to support registration of the MPCA ActinovateTM Soluble containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 . There are three responses: a submission 8/15/2003, a revised CSF..., and a revised label 1/8/2004, plus some interim correspondence. U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc y Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. January 14, 2004. 7 pp.18 U.S. EPA. 2004c. 02-11-04. Memorandum from Joel Gagliardi to Alan Reynolds. ActinovateTM Soluble containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Review· April 24, 2000 materials from the submission for registration of ActinovateTM Soluble containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 for registration of the MPCA; EPA Reg. No. 73314- E. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. February 11, 2004. 3 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2004d. Biopesticide Registration Action Document: Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (PC Code 006327). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. May 24, 2004.

U.S. EPA. 2004d. Notice of Registration. Actino vate Soluble. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. EPA Reg. No 73314-1. May 24, 2004. 1 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2004f. Letter from Dennis Szuhay, U.S. EPA to Robert Stewart, consultant to Natural Industries Inc. Actinovate® Soluble. EPA Reg. No 73314-1. Application for a label amendment dated June 23, 2004. Follow-up to e-mail correspondence of September 1, 2004. September 8, 2004.

U.S. EPA. 2004g. Memorandum from Joel Gagliardi to Alan Reynolds. Actinovate Iron Fulvate® containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. Review submitted documents and data to support registration of a new end-use product Actinovate Iron Fulvate® containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. November 1, 2004. 20 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2005a. Memorandum from Annabel Fellm an to Alan Reynolds. Addendum to Product Chemistry for End-Use product Actinovate Ir on Fulvate® (EPA Reg. No. 73314-E) containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 in response to EPA deficiency letter dated Nov. 8, 2004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. January 4, 2005. 5 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2005b. Note to File. Actinovate Iron Fulvate (EPA Reg. No. 73314-E) Response to Deficiencies Identified in BPPD Review (Dated 1/ 4/05). Alan Reynolds, Regulatory Action Leader. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. January 10, 2005. 1 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2005c. Notice of Registration. Acti no-Iron Biological Fungicide. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. EPA Reg. No 73314-2. January 12, 2005.

U.S. EPA. 2006a. 11-09-06. Memorandum from Tess Milofsky to Alan Reynolds. Review of avian oral toxicity, freshwater invertebrate toxicity, a nontarget plant waiver request, and honey bee information and data submitted in support of a new use site request for Actinovate Soluble, which contains the active ingredient Streptomyces lydicus (EPA Reg. No. 73314-4; DP No.: 330800; Decision No.: 368716; MRID Nos. 468739-01, 468739-02, 468739-03, and 468739-04). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. November 9, 2006. 17 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2007c. Memorandum from Joel Gagliard i to Alan Reynolds. ActinovateTM Soluble and Actinovate® STP containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC-108. Review updated product chemistry for an existing pesticide formulation and product characterization for a new end-use product formulation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division. October 23, 2007. 5 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2007d. 12-7-07. Note to File: No Author. Registration Checklist. Actinovate STP. EPA Reg. No 73314-U. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. CSF date: December 7, 2007. 2 pp.19 U.S. EPA. 2007e. Notice of Registration. Actinovate STP Fungicide. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. EPA Reg. No 73314-4. December 19, 2007. 1 pp.

U.S. EPA. 2014. Email from Norm Spurling to Kathleen Martin. Request For Incident Data: Registration Review Case 6088— Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. August 20, 2014 5:38 PM.

C. Other References

Crawford, DL et al. 1993. Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycete Antagonists of a Fungal Root Pathogen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 59, No. 11, p. 3899-3905. November 1993.

EU. 2013. European Union. European Food Safety Authority. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108. EFSA Journal 2013;11(11):3425. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3425.pdf

EU. 2014. European Union. DG SANCO. Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108: Status under Reg. (EC) No 1107/2009. Information retrieved on July 14, 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/?event=activesubstance.detail

NLM. 2014. Taxonomy Database. U.S. National Library Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Information accessed on: Augus t 11, 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy

TSG. 1999. Letter from Technology Sciences Group Inc. to Alan Reynolds and Phil Hutton, U.S. EPA. Pre-registration meeting with Natural Industries, Inc. on the new active ingredient Streptomyces lydicus

. April 8, 1999. 2 pp.

TSG. 2002. Letter from Amy Plato Roberts, Technology Sciences Group Inc. to Alan Reynolds, U.S. EPA. ActinovateTM Soluble. File Symbol 73314-R. Response to EPA deficiency letter. February 28, 2002. 8 pp.

Tokala, RK et al. 2002. Novel Plant-Microbe Rhizosphere Interaction Involving Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 and the Pea Plant ( Pisum sativum ). Applied And Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 68, No. 5, p. 2161–2171. May 2002.

### Appendix I

Regulatory History Pertaining to the Registration of Products

Containing S. lydicus WYEC 108 as an Active Ingredient

In April 1999, EPA met with representatives of Natural Industries Inc. met to discuss the data that would

be required to register a pesticide active ingredient that had never previously been registered (TSG 1999).

When Natural Industries submitted their application in April 2000 the proposed use pattern was limited to greenhouse
‐ and nursery

‐ grown ornamentals, greenhouse

‐ grown crops, and turf. The use pattern was later
expanded to include field

‐ grown crops and ornamentals.

April 2000 TSG, Inc., on behalf of Natural Industries, submits an application to register two products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 as an active ingredient:

‐ Actinovate® Soluble Biological Fungicide

‐ Actino

‐ Iron® Biological Fungicide

Aug 1, 2000

65 FR 46912 Notice of Filing. Publication of a notice announcing Natural Industries’ initial filing of a

tolerance petition ( No 0F6163) proposing the establishment of a tolerance for

Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108.

Oct 4, 2000

65 FR 59185 Notice of Receipt. Publication of a notice announcing the receipt of Natural Industries’
application to register two pesticide products containing Streptomyces lydicus WYEC

108, an active ingredient not included in any previously registered products:

‐ 73314

‐ R: Actinovate® Soluble Biological Fungicide; and

‐ 73314

‐ E: Actino

‐ Iron® Biological Fungicide

May 24, 2004

73314

‐ 1 EPA registers Actinovate® Soluble Biological Fungicide (EPA Reg. No 73314

‐ 1) for use in
greenhouses, nurseries, and turf. The registration for this product was later amended to

include field

‐ grown food and ornamental crops. U.S. EPA 2004d

June 3, 2004

69 FR 31301 Final Rule establishing an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Section

180.1253 was added to 40 CFR 180 subpart D.

Aug 4, 2004

69 FR 47144 Notice. Publication of a notice announcing Agency approval of Natural Industries’
application to register the pesticide product Actinovate® Soluble containing an active
ingredient not included in any previously registered product.

Jan 12, 2005

73314

‐ 2 EPA registers Actino

‐ Iron® Biological Fungicide (EPA Reg. No 73314

‐ 2) for use in
greenhouses, nurseries, and turf. The registration for this product was later amended to

include a wider array of food and ornamentals grown in the field. U.S. EPA 2005c

Dec 19, 2007

73314

‐ 4 EPA registers Actinovate® STP Fungicide (EPA Reg. No 73314

‐ 4) for use as a seed

treatment. U.S. EPA 2007eAppendix II

Plant Diseases Controlled by S. lydicus WYEC 108

Pest ( genus species ) Disease

Fungi

Alternaria Leaf Spot
Aphanomyces Damping Off*

Root Rot**

Armillaria Damping Off

Root Rot
Botrytis Gray Mold

Cercospora Greasy Spot

Colletotrichum Anthracnose
Diplocarpon rosae Black Spot of Rose
Erysiphe Powdery Mildew

Fusarium Brown Patch

Damping Off

Root Rot

Gaeumannomyces Take

‐ all Patch

Geotrichum candidum Sour Rot

Oidium Powdery Mildew
Phymatotrichum Root Rot

Puccinia Rust
Pyricularia Gray Leaf Spot

Rhizoctonia Brown Patch

Damping Off

Root Rot

Sclerotinia Damping Off

Dollar Spot

Root Rot

Sclerotium rolfsi i Southern blight
Sphaerotheca Powdery Mildew

Verticillium Damping Off

Molds

Physarum cinereum Slime Mold

Peronospora Downy Mildew
Phytophthora Damping Off

Root Rot
Pythium Damping Off

Root Rot

Bacteria

Erwinia Fire Blight

Xanthomonas Bacterial Spot

Walnut Blight

Nematodes

Belonolaimus longicaudatus Infection of crops, grasses, grains, and trees. Tylenchulus semipenetrans Infects trees (e.g., citrus) causing general tree decline

*NOTE: Damping off is also caused by a mold. **NOTE: Root Rot is also caused by a mold.

SOURCE : The Office of Pesticide Programs OPPIN database; accessed June 23, 2014.

### Appendix III

Use Sites for Products Containing S. lydicus WYEC 108 as an Active Ingredient

SOURCE: The Office of Pesticide Programs OPPIN database; accessed June 23, 2014. Crop Group Commodities

Food Uses: commodities that are field

‐ , greenhouse

‐ , and/or residentially

‐ grown

Fruiting
Vegetables

and Cucurbits: cantaloupes, cucumbers, eggplant, gourds, melons, peppers, squash, tomatillo, tomatoes

Leafy
Vegetables

and Herbs: basil, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, collards, dill, endive

‐ escarole,

kale, kohlrabi, lettuce, mustard

‐ greens, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, spinach, thyme

Root and Bulb

Vegetables: beets, carrots, garlic, ginger, ginseng, horseradish, onions, potatoes, radishes,

sugar beets, sweet potatoes, turnips

Tree Fruits: apples, apricots, cherries, crabapples, grapefruit, lemons, limes, nectarines,

oranges, peaches, pears, plums, prunes, pummelo, quinces, tangelos, tangerines

Nuts and

Berries: almonds, blackberries, blueberries, caneberries, currants, elderberry, filberts,
gooseberries, huckleberries, loganberries, pecans, pistachio nuts, raspberries, walnuts

Grains and

Legumes: barley, beans, buckwheat, corn, lentils, millet, oats, peas, rice, rye, sorghum, soybeans, triticale, wheat

Other Food

Crops: asparagus, avocados, bananas, canola, cotton, flax, grapes, hops, mangos, mint, mushrooms,

olives, palm, papayas, peanuts, plantain, safflower, strawberries, sunflowers, watercress

Animal Feed,

Fodder, Hay: alfalfa, bentgrass, bermudagrass, bluegrass, clover, fescue, orchardgrass, ryegrass, trefoil, vetch

Seed

Treatment: in or on all

∙ raw agricultural commodities, food and fiber crops, other agricultural production crops

Nonfood: Ornamentals that are greenhouse

‐ , nursery

‐ , outdoor

‐ , and/or residentially

‐ grown

Turf: athletic fields, cemeteries, golf courses, lawns, parks, turf grown for sod, transplant plugs

Grasses: bentgrass, bermudagrass, bluegrass, fescue, ryegrass, seashore paspalum,

St. Augustine grass, zoysiagrass

Other

Ornamental

Plants: bare

‐ root plants, bulbs, foliage plants (cuttings and nursery) such as ferns and woody shrubs,
flowering plants (bedding and nursery) such as dichondra and roses, fruit trees, perennials
(containerized and nursery), trees