[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 12-14963

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D.C. Docket No. 3:11-cv-00105-CDL

LISA DENOMME, 

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

COMMISSIONER, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,

Defendant-Appellee.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Georgia

________________________

(May 16, 2013)

Before HULL, MARCUS and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 1 of 9 
2

Lisa Denomme appeals the district court’s order affirming the Social 

Security Administration’s (“SSA”) denial of her applications for disability 

insurance benefits and supplemental security income. On appeal, Denomme 

argues that: (1) the Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) decision is not supported 

by substantial evidence because he failed to state with particularity the weight he 

accorded certain medical opinions; (2) the ALJ’s analysis cannot be clearly 

inferred from his ultimate findings because the ALJ never articulated his reasons, 

or the particular weight he assigned to the medical opinions; and (3) the ALJ failed 

to include all of her limitations, particularly her moderate to severe limitations in 

interacting with supervisors and coworkers, in the hypothetical questions posed to 

the vocational expert (“VE”). After careful review, we affirm.

In SSA appeals, we decide whether an ALJ’s decision is supported by 

substantial evidence and based upon proper legal standards. See Winschel v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 631 F.3d 1176, 1178 (11th Cir. 2011). Substantial evidence 

requires more than a scintilla of evidence, and is the relevant evidence a reasonable 

person would accept as sufficient to support a conclusion. We do not decide facts 

anew, reweigh the evidence, or substitute our own judgment for that of the ALJ. 

Id. Rather, so long as it is supported by substantial evidence, we must defer to the 

ALJ’s decision even if the evidence may preponderate against it. See Crawford v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 363 F.3d 1155, 1158-59 (11th Cir. 2004).

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 2 of 9 
3

Eligibility for disability insurance benefits requires that the claimant is under 

a disability. 42 U.S.C. § 423(a)(1)(E). In relevant part, a claimant is under a 

disability if she is unable to engage in substantial gainful activity by reason of a 

medically determinable impairment that can be expected to result in death or which 

has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months. 

Id. § 423(d)(1)(A). The claimant bears the burden of proving her disability. 

Ellison v. Barnhart, 355 F.3d 1272, 1276 (11th Cir. 2003).

In order to determine whether a claimant is disabled, the SSA applies a fivestep sequential evaluation. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). This process includes an 

analysis of whether the claimant: (1) is unable to engage in substantial gainful 

activity; (2) has a severe medically determinable physical or mental impairment; 

(3) has such an impairment that meets or equals a Listing and meets the duration 

requirements; (4) can perform her past relevant work, in light of her residual 

functional capacity (“RFC”); and (5) can make an adjustment to other work, in 

light of her RFC, age, education, and work experience. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4).

Medical opinions, which include physician statements regarding the nature 

and severity of the claimant’s impairments, may support the ALJ’s determination 

of whether a claimant suffers from a severe impairment. See id. § 404.1527(a)(2). 

The ALJ must consider several factors in determining how much weight to give to 

each medical opinion, including: (1) whether the doctor has examined the 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 3 of 9 
4

claimant; (2) the length, nature, and extent of a treating doctor’s relationship with 

the claimant; (3) the medical evidence and explanation supporting the doctor’s 

opinion; (4) how consistent the doctor’s “opinion is with the record as a whole”; 

and (5) the doctor’s specialization. Id. §§ 404.1527(c), 416.927(c). These factors 

apply to both examining and nonexamining doctors. Id. §§ 404.1527(e), 

416.927(e). Upon considering medical opinions, the ALJ must state with 

particularity the weight given to different medical opinions and the reasons 

therefor. Winschel, 631 F.3d at 1179. Otherwise, we cannot determine whether 

substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision, and we will not affirm simply 

because some rationale might have supported the ALJ’s conclusion. See id.

A treating physician’s opinion must be given substantial or considerable 

weight unless “good cause” is shown to the contrary. Id.; see also 20 C.F.R. § 

404.1527(c)(2) (“[g]enerally, we give more weight to opinions from your treating 

sources . . .”). The ALJ does not have to defer to the opinion of a physician who 

conducted a single examination, and who was not a treating physician. See

McSwain v. Bowen, 814 F.2d 617, 619 (11th Cir. 1987). In the end, the ALJ may 

reject the opinion of any physician if the evidence supports a contrary conclusion. 

Sryock v. Heckler, 764 F.2d 834, 835 (11th Cir. 1985). When, however, an 

incorrect application of the regulations results in harmless error because the correct 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 4 of 9 
5

application would not contradict the ALJ’s ultimate findings, the ALJ’s decision 

will stand. See Diorio v. Heckler, 721 F.2d 726, 728 (11th Cir. 1983).

In addition, the Commissioner, not a claimant’s physician, is responsible for 

determining whether a claimant is statutorily disabled. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 

404.1527(d)(1), 416.927(d)(1) (noting that, a claimant’s RFC is a matter reserved 

for the ALJ’s determination, and while a physician’s opinion on the matter will be 

considered, it is not dispositive). Specifically, “[a] statement by a medical source 

that [a claimant is] ‘disabled’ or ‘unable to work’ does not mean that [the 

Commissioner] will determine that [the claimant is] disabled.” Id. §§ 

404.1527(d)(1), 416.927(d)(1).

At the fifth step of the disability analysis, the Commissioner bears the 

burden of showing that, in light of the claimant’s RFC and other factors, there exist 

in the national economy a significant number of jobs that the claimant can perform. 

Winschel, 631 F.3d at 1180; 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If such jobs exist, 

then the claimant is not disabled. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). An ALJ may 

make this determination by posing hypothetical questions to a vocational expert. 

See Winschel, 631 F.3d at 1180. A vocational expert’s testimony, however, will 

only constitute substantial evidence if the ALJ’s hypothetical question includes all 

of the claimant’s impairments. Wilson v. Barnhart, 284 F.3d 1219, 1227 (11th Cir. 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 5 of 9 
6

2002). An ALJ is not required to include findings in a hypothetical question that 

the ALJ properly rejected as unsupported. See Crawford, 363 F.3d at 1161.

Here, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision that Denomme was 

not disabled. For starters, the ALJ explicitly declined to extend significant weight 

to Dr. Amin’s and Dr. Patel’s assessments and treatment records because they were 

inconsistent with the overall evidence in the record, particularly the physical and 

neurological examinations. By contrast, the ALJ did not state with particularity the 

weight given to the opinions of Dr. Vrochopoulos and the state-agency 

psychological consultant, Dr. Payne-Gair, but neither did the ALJ discredit nor 

explicitly indicate that he afforded these reports less weight, and neither examiner 

was Denomme’s treating physician. See Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 

(1997) (“[t]he ALJ must clearly articulate the reasons for giving less weight to the 

opinion of a treating physician, and the failure to do so is reversible error”). 

In any event, even assuming that the ALJ erred by failing to specify the 

weight given to these examiners’ assessments, any potential error was harmless. 

First, the ALJ was not required to defer to Dr. Vrochopoulos’s opinion since he 

was a psychologist who only examined Denomme on a single occasion and did not 

treat her. See McSwain, 814 F.2d at 619. Further, the ALJ did credit the specific 

findings of both Dr. Vrochopoulos and Dr. Payne-Gair concerning Denomme’s 

limitations, as evidenced by the ALJ’s ultimate findings. Indeed, in his RFC 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 6 of 9 
7

assessment, the ALJ included limitations on Denomme’s contact with the public, 

as outlined by both Dr. Vrochopoulos and Dr. Payne-Gair. While Dr. 

Vrochopouos generally opined that if untreated, Denomme’s condition would 

likely prevent her from maintaining gainful employment, this was not a medical 

assessment, but simply an opinion on an issue reserved to the Commissioner’s 

discretion. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(1), 416.927(d)(1). Denomme highlights 

that the ALJ failed to say that Dr. Payne-Gair explicitly noted that Denomme had 

moderate limitations in her ability to respond appropriately to supervisors or relate 

to coworkers. But Denomme omits the fact that Dr. Payne-Gair also opined, in 

assessing limitations on Denomme’s social interactions, that Denomme “would 

respond best to reduced social demand,” but had no significant limitations. 

The ALJ also considered the medical evidence in the record in formulating 

Denomme’s RFC. See Sryock, 764 F.2d at 835. Specifically, the ALJ highlighted 

that Denomme’s own hearing testimony indicated that she left her last job due to 

her need for surgery to treat a jaw infection, as opposed to any symptoms from her 

multiple sclerosis (“MS”) or her alleged depression. Concerning Denomme’s

mental RFC, the ALJ accepted Denomme’s claim that she was scared to be around 

people, even though she testified that her depression symptoms improved with 

medications, and the record illustrated that Denomme had been prescribed multiple 

antidepressant medications over the years to successfully manage her depression. 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 7 of 9 
8

As a result, even if the ALJ erred by failing to specify the weight he gave to Dr. 

Vrochopoulos’s and Dr. Payne-Gair’s opinions, any error was harmless. 

Similarly, the ALJ’s hypothetical questions were not incomplete. After 

determining that Denomme was unable to perform a full range of sedentary work 

activity, the ALJ properly obtained testimony from a vocational expert (“VE”). 

Winschel, 631 F.3d at 1180. The ALJ then posed to the VE a series of 

hypothetical questions, in which he asked the VE to assume that an individual of 

Denomme’s age, education, and work experience was capable of performing 

sedentary work with additional nonexertional limitations, including that “there 

would be only occasional contact with the general public.” Although Demomme 

alleges that the hypothetical questions to the VE were defective since they did not 

include limitations on contact with coworkers or supervisors, an ALJ is not 

required to instruct the VE to assume conditions that he does not find to exist. See

Crawford, 363 F.3d at 1161.

As we’ve discussed, the ALJ properly included a limitation on contact with 

the public in Denomme’s RFC based on Dr. Vrochopoulos’s and Dr. Payne-Gair’s 

assessments that Denomme would respond best to reduced social demand, as well 

as Denomme’s testimony that she feared the public. On cross-examination, 

Denomme’s representative asked the VE whether Denomme would be able to 

perform any of the identified jobs if she had to elevate her legs or if her attention 

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 8 of 9 
9

and concentration were markedly limited due to pain. However, Denomme’s 

representative failed to ask whether her ability to perform these jobs would be 

compromised by limitations in interacting with coworkers and supervisors, and he 

posed no other mental limitations questions to the VE. See also Allen v. 

Schweiker, 642 F.2d 799, 802 (5th Cir. 1981) (where a disability claimant is 

represented before the agency, her representative has the power to present 

supporting evidence and challenge the testimony of the VE).1

 Accordingly, the 

ALJ presented complete hypothetical questions to the VE, and substantial evidence 

supports the finding that a significant number of jobs existed in the economy that 

Denomme could perform in light of the VE’s testimony. 

In sum, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s findings that Denomme 

retained the RFC to perform a reduced range of sedentary work, and that a 

significant number of jobs existed in the national economy for Denomme despite 

her limitations with interacting with the public. 

AFFIRMED.

 1 In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), we 

adopted as binding precedent all decisions of the former Fifth Circuit handed down before 

October 1, 1981.

Case: 12-14963 Date Filed: 05/16/2013 Page: 9 of 9