Grain sorghum ethanol lifecyce impacts calculations

Different plant types

92% wet DGs
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions per mmBtu

2022 LIFE CYCLE GHG EMISSIONS

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas
enhouse Gas Emissions per mmBtu

G EMISSIONS

CH4

Other (fuel and feedstock transport) 31

Domestic Farm Inputs and Fert N2O 76

Domestic Land Use Change (For CO2 emissions, go to GHG per Btu DomLUC worksheet) 0

Domestic Livestock 572

Domestic Rice Methane 209

International Farm Input GHG 17

International Livestock -232

International Rice Methane -248

Fuel Production

 - No CHP, 92% Wet DG 406

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG 399

 - No CHP, 92% Wet DG 344

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG 315

 - No CHP, 92% Wet DG 66

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG 17
1.000 ethanol yield

metric tons g / mmBtu

N2O CO2 B gal mmBtu GHG

1 26,934 0.1 7,592,400 3,661

31 54,965 0.1 7,592,400 8,714

0 0.1 7,592,400

0 0 0.1 7,592,400 -1,798

0 0 0.1 7,592,400 577

105 21,494 0.0 8,022,222 6,772

-8 0 0.0 8,022,222 -917

0.0 8,022,222 -649

3 158,518 0.1 7,592,400 22,111

2 135,581 0.1 7,592,400 19,062

3 292,883 0.1 7,592,400 39,648

3 277,860 0.1 7,592,400 37,577

3 47,541 0.1 7,592,400 6,548

2 10,806 0.1 7,592,400 1,563
Annual Emissions

Domestic Land Use Change

g C02 / mmBtu

Annualized Year

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2022 -83,561 -2.2

Cumulative Ethanol Volume Differences: [Sorghum Only] - [Control]

Millions of Gallons

Case 2002 2007 2012 2017 2022

Sorghum Only 4 11 49 176 300 (Paste in from FASOM analysis summ

Control 4 11 33 117 200 (Paste in from FASOM analysis summ

Difference 0 0 16 59 100

Cumulative Difference 0 0 16 75 175

TOTAL 175
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-2.2 -2.2 -2.2 -2.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -1.3

n from FASOM analysis summary xls - "Biofuels" tab)

n from FASOM analysis summary xls - "Biofuels" tab)
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

-1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.3
27 28 29 30

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Results (Control minus Fuel Specific Case)

ID # 2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu)

A Domestic Ag Sector

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

A.1 On-Farm Combustion Emissions -7.007 -0.046 0.076 0.003 -0.272

A.2 Fuel Production Upstream Emissions 0.201 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

A.3 Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions 88.885 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001

A.4 On-Farm Non-Combustion Non-GHG Emissions 130.361 0.719 3.179 1.778 22.013

A.5 Land Use Change GHG Emissions

A.6 Livestock Changes GHG Emissions

A.7 Rice Production GHG Emissions

A.8 On-Farm Non-Combustion GHG Emissions

Total 212.439 0.673 3.256 1.782 21.742

B Domestic Biofuel Feedstock Transport

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Sorghum Used for Ethanol 3.01E+00 1.83E-03 8.66E-02 1.05E-02 3.16E-02

Soybeans / Oil Used for Fuel 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

DDGS Produced 6.48E-02 3.95E-05 1.87E-03 2.27E-04 6.80E-04

Cellulosic Feedstock 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Total 3.070 0.002 0.088 0.011 0.032

E Domestic Non-Petro Fuel Transport (plant to bulk terminal)

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Ethanol 37 0.02 0.17 0.02 0.04

Biodiesel 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Renewable Diesel 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 37.225 0.018 0.172 0.023 0.037

H Int'l Ag Sector

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Livestock Changes - Canada
Livestock Changes - Western Europe

Livestock Changes - Eastern Europe

Livestock Changes - Oceania

Livestock Changes - Latin America

Livestock Changes - Asia

Livestock Changes - Africa and Middle East

Livestock Changes - Indian Subcontinent

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.000 0.182 -321.312 35.370 0.588 0.589 -0.588 0.026 8.332 0.076 5583

0.000 0.002 0.901 2.839 0.560 0.226 1.467 0.000 9.632 0.013 827

0.000 0.667 90.474 86.255 28.143 13.116 164.256 0.000 57.874 21.281 47774

0.000 7.308 600.602 18.698 743.778 167.143 5.755 1184.795 0.000 0.000 0

0.000 0.000

572.381 0.000 0

208.571 0.000 0

0.000 9.597 780

0.000 8.159 370.666 143.162 773.068 181.074 170.889 1184.822 856.791 30.967 54965

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.00E+00 2.35E-01 3.70E+00 9.88E+00 1.76E+00 7.41E-01 4.64E+00 0.00E+00 1.95E+01 4.87E-01 17304

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0

0.00E+00 5.07E-03 8.52E-02 2.29E-01 4.37E-02 1.82E-02 1.19E-01 0.00E+00 4.99E-01 1.14E-02 443

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0

0.000 0.240 3.789 10.105 1.805 0.759 4.755 0.000 19.983 0.498 17747

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

30 0.40 21.58 128.44 3.72 2.83 5.56 0.00 10.53 0.22 9186.70

0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30.181 0.401 21.579 128.445 3.724 2.828 5.561 0.000 10.533 0.221 9187

Ethyl Benzene Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

-109.724 -1.255 0
7.216 0.193

0

-224.942 -2.6890

-15.456 -0.3980

150.963 3.1840

-112.227 -4.0260

-36.508 -1.4790

108.259 1.0540

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -232.420 -5.4180
CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5782 0 22689 53007

1034 1882 5014 4888

55587 90958 579955 76134

0 0 0 0

12020

4380

3755

82558 92840 607658 134028

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

17864 6017 11560 202623

0 0 0 0

457 145 280 5014

0 0 0 0

18321 6163 11840 207637

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

9477 2862 6965 106649

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

9477 2862 6965 106649

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-2693 0 0 0
211

000

-5557000

-448000

4157000

-3605000

-1225000

2600000

-6560000
Renewable Fuel Volumes

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas
Assumptions for Crude Oil Types

International Crude

Light Crude (Domestic)

Bitumen (Canadian, Surface mining)

Bitumen (Canadian, In-situ)

Extra Heavy Oil/Syncrude (Venezuelan)

Heavy Oil

CA Crude

Total

 - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG
Sorghum Ethanol Total =

Cellulosic Ethanol Total =

Butanol Total =

Biodiesel Total =

Renewable Diesel Total =

Imported Ethanol =

2005

Baseline Case

41.8%

30.2%

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

22.5%

0.0%

100%
International Light Crude

Domestic Light Crude

Bitumen (Canadian, Surface mining)

Bitumen (Canadian, In-situ)

Extra Heavy Oil/Syncrude (Venezuelan)

Heavy Crude
Fuels Volumes by Type Percentages

Bgal 2022 2022

FuelSpecific 

Case

Control 

Case Difference

FuelSpecific Control

0.30 0.20 0.1 100.0% 100.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.30 0.20 0.1 100.0% 100.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.30 0.20 0.1 100.0% 100.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.30 0.20 0.1 100.0% 100.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.30 0.20 0.1 100.0% 100.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.30 0.20 0.1 100.0% 100.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0% 0.0%

0.0

0.00 0.0 0.0

2022
0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.00 0.00 0.0

0.00 0.00 0.0

0.00 0.00 0.0

0.00 0.00 0.0

0.30 0.20 0.10

16.00 16.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

1.00 1.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

3.14 3.14 0.00

2022

FuelSpecific 

Case

Control 

Case Difference

41.8% 41.8%

30.2% 30.2%

2.5% 2.5%

2.0% 2.0%

1.0% 1.0%

22.5% 22.5%

0.0% 0.0%

Okay Okay
Canadian Oil Sands 

(Surface Mining)

Canadian 

Oil Sands 

(In-Situ 

Recovery)

Venezuela 

Extra 

Heavy

Oil/Syncru

de Heavy Oil

Conventio

nal Light

2.5% 2.0% 1.0% 22.5% 72.0% 100.0%

41.8%

30.2%

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

22.5%

FASOM Volumes

Millions of Gallons Bgal

FuelSpecific 

Case

Control 

Case Difference

Dry Mill Sorghum 299.7 199.8 0.10

Wet Mill Corn 0.0

Other Grain 0.0

CornRes Cell 0.0

Switchgrass Cell 0.0

Forestry Cell 0.0

Other Cell 0.0

Millions of Gallons Bgal

FuelSpecific 

Case

Control 

Case Difference

Dry Mill Sorghum EtOH 0.0 0.0 0.0

Wet Mill Corn EtOH 0.0

2022

2022
pe Percentages

Agricultural Inputs

Domestic Agricultural Inputs (from FASOM)

Calc Units

Fuel-Specific 

Case Control Case

Total N use Tons 15,058,922 15,047,165

Total P2O5 use Tons 4,346,918 4,345,398

Total K2O use Tons 5,274,466 5,269,380

Total Lime Use Tons 11,294,704 11,287,361

Herbicide Use Tons 199,968 199,863

Pesticide Use Tons 64,265 64,227

Total Diesel Fuel use gal ########### ###########

Total Gasoline use gal 382,036,867 382,362,493

Total Electricity Use kWh 204,637,056 204,644,331

Total Natural Gas Use Btu 6.6E+13 6.6E+13

Total Acres In Crop Production 000 Acres 310461.0868 310363.0572

Livestock #

Dairy mmHead 5.756897 5.7570754

Beef mmHead 58.6350716 58.6380207

Poultry mmHead 4916.698172 4916.698172

Swine mmHead 136.5934893 136.5081788

Non-Combustion GHG Emissions

N2O in pasture land 000 Tons 4,277 4,274

2022

N2O in cropped ag soil 000 Tons 3,869 3,870

C in cropped and pasture ag soil 000 tons 5,350 5,392

Domestic Ag Land Use Change 000 Tons 13,496 13,535

Methane from enteric fermentation 000 Tons 88,620 88,633

Manure N2O CH4 000 Tons 63,463 63,438

Domestic Livestock Changes 000 Tons 152,083 152,070

C emissions from fertilizer production 000 Tons 4,022 4,018

Agricultural residue burning and sludge 000 Tons 1,028 1,027

Methane from rice cultivation 000 Tons 9,362 9,358

C in continuous and afforested forest soils 000 tons 1,143 1,141

C in continuous forest above-ground biomass 000 Tons 3,861,599 3,864,907
C in afforested forest above-ground biomass 000 Tons -1,511,983 -1,514,866

C from US-produced, -consumed forest products 000 tons -311,423 -311,423

C from US-produced, exported forest products 000 tons -3,500,324 -3,499,679

 Cumulative Domestic Forest Land Use Change 000 Tons -1,460,988 -1,459,921

C from forestry use of fossil fuel 000 Tons 597.7 604.7

Land Use Change Emission Streams - CO2 eq

2012 calc units 2012

US-produced Forest Products Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

US-produced Forest Products Control Case 000 Tons

Forest Soil Carbon Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

Forest Soil Carbon Control Case 000 Tons

C in cropped and pasture ag soil Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

C in cropped and pasture ag soil Control Case 000 Tons

2017

US-produced Forest Products Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

US-produced Forest Products Control Case 000 Tons

Forest Soil Carbon Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

Forest Soil Carbon Control Case 000 Tons

C in cropped and pasture ag soil Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

C in cropped and pasture ag soil Control Case 000 Tons

2022

US-produced Forest Products Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

US-produced Forest Products Control Case 000 Tons

Forest Soil Carbon Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

Forest Soil Carbon Control Case 000 Tons

C in cropped and pasture ag soil Fuel Specific Case 000 Tons

C in cropped and pasture ag soil Control Case 000 Tons

(Cumulative)

YEAR: 0

2022 2020

Difference US-produced Forest Products 000 Tons

Annualized Difference US produced Forest Products 000 Tons

Difference Forest Soil Carbon 000 Tons

Annualized Difference Forest Soil Carbon 000 Tons

Cumulative Domestic Forest LUC 000 Tons -1,066.65

Total Domestic Forest Land Use Change 000 Tons -1,066.65

Difference C in cropped and pasture ag soil 000 Tons
Annualized Difference C cropped/pasture ag soil 000 Tons

Cumulative Domestic Ag LUC 000 Tons -42.53

Total Domestic Ag Land Use Change 000 Tons -42.53

Total Domestic Land Use Change 000 Tons -1,109.18

Domestic Biofuel Feedstock Transport Tables

For Domestic Use 2022

Fuel-Specific 

Case Control Case

Sorghum Used for Ethanol bu 110590357.1 73726964.29

Soybeans / Oil Used for Fuel bu

DDGS Produced tons 40007150 39693850

Cellulosic Feedstock

 - Farmed Trees tons

 - Switchgrass tons

 - Sorghum-SweetSorghum

 - Corn, Wheat, Sugar Residue tons

 - Forest Residue tons

B&CTL Feedstock

 - Farmed Trees tons

 - Switchgrass tons

 - Corn Stover tons

 - Forest Residue tons

International Agricultural Inputs (from FAPRI and Foreign Ag Inputs Estimates)

2022

Fuel-Specific 

Case Control Case

Total N use Tons

Total P2O5 use Tons

Total K2O use Tons

Herbicide Use Tons

Pesticide Use Tons

N2O Emissions MT N2O

Ag Energy Use MT CO2-eq.

Int'l Rice CH4 MT CH4

Livestock Change

(From FAPRI)

Canada

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Western Europe

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head
Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Eastern Europe

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Oceania

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Latin America

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Asia

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Africa and Middle East

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

India

Dairy 000 Head

Beef 000 Head

Swine 000 Head

Sheep 000 Head

Poultry 000 Head

Livestock Emission Factors

Enteric Fermentation (kg CH4/head - year) Dairy Cattle

North America 121 53

Western Europe 109 57

Eastern Europe 89 58
Oceania 81 60

Latin America 63 56

Asia 61 47

Africa and Middle East 40 31

Indian Subcontinent 51 27

Manure Management (kg CH4/head - year) Dairy Cattle

North America 78 2

Western Europe 51 15

Eastern Europe 27 13

Oceania 29 2

Latin America 1 1

Asia 18 1

Africa and Middle East 1.5 1

Indian Subcontinent 5 2

TAM (kg / head) Dairy Cattle

North America 604 389

Western Europe 600 420

Eastern Europe 550 391

Oceania 500 330

Latin America 400 305

Asia 350 319

Africa and Middle East 275 173

Indian Subcontinent 275 110

N Rate (kg N / (1000 kg animal mass) - day) Dairy Cattle

North America 0.44 0.31

Western Europe 0.48 0.33

Eastern Europe 0.35 0.35

Oceania 0.44 0.5

Latin America 0.48 0.36

Asia 0.47 0.34

Africa and Middle East 0.65 0.71

Indian Subcontinent 0.47 0.34

Nex (kg N / animal - year) Dairy Cattle

North America 97.0024 44.01535

Western Europe 105.12 50.589

Eastern Europe 70.2625 49.95025

Oceania 80.3 60.225

Latin America 70.08 40.077

Asia 60.0425 39.5879

Africa and Middle East 65.24375 44.83295

Indian Subcontinent 47.17625 13.651

MS% Dairy Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage

North America 15.0% 27.0% 26.3%

Western Europe 0.0% 35.7% 36.8%

Eastern Europe 0.0% 17.5% 60.0%

Oceania 16.0% 1.0% 0.0%

Latin America 0.0% 1.0% 1.0%
Asia 4.0% 38.0% 0.0%

Africa and Middle East 0.0% 0.5% 1.5%

Indian Subcontinent 0.0% 1.0% 0.0%

EF3 0 0.005 0.005

EF4 0.0035 0.004 0.003

MS% Cattle Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage

North America 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%

Western Europe 0.0% 25.2% 39.0%

Eastern Europe 0.0% 22.5% 44.0%

Oceania 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Latin America 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Asia 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Africa and Middle East 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Indian Subcontinent 0.0% 1.0% 0.0%

EF3 0 0.005 0.005

EF4 0.0035 0.004 0.0045

MS% Swine Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage

North America 32.8% 18.5% 4.2%

Western Europe 8.7% 0.0% 13.7%

Eastern Europe 3.0% 0.0% 42.0%

Oceania 54.0% 0.0% 3.0%

Latin America 0.0% 8.0% 10.0%

Asia 0.0% 40.0% 0.0%

Africa and Middle East 0.0% 10.0% 3.0%

Indian Subcontinent 9.0% 22.0% 16.0%

EF3 0 0.005 0.005

EF4 0.004 0.0048 0.0045

Weighted EF3 (kg N2O-n / kg N) Dairy Cattle

North America 0.008765 0.01999

Western Europe 0.009075 0.01017

Eastern Europe 0.008175 0.008675

Oceania 0.01685 0.02

Latin America 0.0197 0.0199

Asia 0.0124 0.0198

Africa and Middle East 0.01845 0.019

Indian Subcontinent 0.01435 0.01455

Weighted EF4 (kg N2O-n / kg N) Dairy Cattle

North America 0.0025984 0.0011305

Western Europe 0.002721 0.0029996

Eastern Europe 0.0026435 0.00302

Oceania 0.001188 0.000907

Latin America 0.000756 0.000693

Asia 0.002003 0.001744

Africa and Middle East 0.00066 0.0006495

Indian Subcontinent 0.000362 0.000454
EF5 (kg N2O-n / kg N) Dairy Cattle

North America 0.00075 0.00075

Western Europe 0.00075 0.00075

Eastern Europe 0.00075 0.00075

Oceania 0.00075 0.00075

Latin America 0.00075 0.00075

Asia 0.00075 0.00075

Africa and Middle East 0.00075 0.00075

Indian Subcontinent 0.00075 0.00075
Difference

 11,757

 1,520

 5,086

 7,343

 105

 38

 686,517

 (325,625)

 (7,275)

 22,688,721,300

98.0296

-0.0001784

-0.0029491

4E-07

0.0853105

3

0

-43

-40

-13

25

12 -3381 Less CH4 from cattle and cow fed with DGS (g CO2e/mmBtu EtOH)

0

1

4

3

-3,307
2,883

0

-646

-1,067

-7

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

-104 51 18 11 9 8

-104 51 18 11 9 8

18 15 24 61 93 85

18 15 24 61 93 85

1 1,424 -4 -1 0 0

1 1,424 -4 -1 0 0

(Future Emission Stream ->)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2025

0.00

0.00 0.00

0.01

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

-0.15
-0.03 -0.03

-0.03 -0.03

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.03

Difference

3.69E+07

0

27946.36

0 Wet DGS % %transport associated with WDGS

0 92% 1%

0

0

0

0

0

0

Difference

3,519

1,877

962

10

16

98

8,740

-248

0.0

-0.2

-3.7

0.0

8.9

0.0

-0.2
1.0

0.2

-0.2

0.0

-3.2

0.5

0.0

79.5

-0.1

-0.1

0.0

0.1

-10.4

-0.7

3.4

0.5

0.0

0.9

-0.4

-1.1

1.5

-6.7

-97.1

-0.2

-1.0

0.7

0.0

-18.1

0.0

3.8

0.1

0.0

-60.7

Swine Sheep

1.5 8

1.5 8

1.5 8
1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

Swine Sheep Poultry

23.5 0.28 0.02

15.5 0.28 0.02

6.5 0.28 0.02

18 0.15 0.02

1 0.15 0.02

4 0.15 0.02

2 0.15 0.02

4 0.15 0.02

Swine Sheep Poultry

122 48.5 0.9

124 48.5 0.9

115 48.5 0.9

112.5 28 0.9

28 28 0.9

28 28 0.9

28 28 0.9

28 28 0.9

Swine Sheep Poultry

0.5 0.42 1.1

0.68 0.85 1.1

0.74 0.9 1.1

0.73 1.13 1.1

1.64 1.17 1.1

0.5 1.17 1.1

1.64 1.17 1.1

0.5 1.17 1.1

Swine Sheep Poultry

22.265 7.43505 0.36135

30.7768 15.047125 0.36135

31.0615 15.93225 0.36135

29.975625 11.5486 0.36135

16.7608 11.9574 0.36135

5.11 11.9574 0.36135

16.7608 11.9574 0.36135

5.11 11.9574 0.36135

Drylot Pasture/Range/Paddock Daily Spread Digester Burned for FuelOther

0.0% 10.8% 18.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6%

0.0% 20.0% 7.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%

0.0% 18.0% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%

0.0% 76.0% 8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 36.0% 62.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
0.0% 20.0% 29.0% 2.0% 7.0% 0.0%

0.0% 81.5% 3.5% 0.0% 11.5% 2.0%

0.0% 27.0% 19.0% 1.0% 51.0% 0.0%

0.02 0.02 0.02 0 0.01 0.01

0.002 0.0007 0.0007 0 0 0

Drylot Pasture/Range/Paddock Daily Spread Digester Burned for FuelOther

18.4% 81.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 32.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%

0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.5%

9.0% 91.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 99.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0%

46.0% 50.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0%

1.0% 87.0% 1.5% 0.0% 10.0% 1.0%

4.0% 22.0% 20.0% 1.0% 53.0% 0.0%

0.02 0.02 0.02 0 0.01 0.01

0.003 0.0007 0.0007 0 0 0

Drylot Pit <1 month Pit .1 month Daily Spread Digester Other

4.0% 0.0% 40.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 2.8% 69.8% 2.0% 0.0% 3.0%

0.0% 24.7% 24.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.7%

15.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.0%

41.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 40.0%

54.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.0% 0.0%

78.0% 0.5% 8.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

30.0% 3.0% 0.0% 9.0% 8.0% 3.0%

0.02 0.002 0.002 0.02 0 0.01

0 0.0025 0.0025 0 0 0

Swine Sheep Poultry

0.002747 0.01 0.001

0.002837 0.01 0.001

0.003658 0.01 0.001

0.00595 0.01 0.001

0.0135 0.01 0.001

0.0128 0.01 0.001

0.01643 0.01 0.001

0.01006 0.01 0.001

Swine Sheep Poultry

0.003404 0.00200 0.00475

0.0027795 0.00200 0.00475

0.003245 0.00200 0.00475

0.002295 0.00200 0.00475

0.000834 0.00200 0.00475

0.00192 0.00200 0.00475

0.00084 0.00200 0.00475

0.002211 0.00200 0.00475
Swine Sheep Poultry

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075

0.00075 0.00225 0.00075
CO2e/mmBtu EtOH)
2050

7

7

153

153

0

0

8 9 10 11 12 13

2030

0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

-0.01

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00
-0.03 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00

-0.03 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00

-0.03 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00





14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2035

0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

-0.08

0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02

0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02

0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02





21 22 23 24 25 26 27

2040 2045

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.02

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

-0.03 0.00
-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00

-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00

-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00
COUNTRY NPV of 30-Yr Total
Indonesia

00

Philippines00

Malaysia00



28 29 30

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0 #REF! Indonesia 0 #REF! Philippines 0 #REF! China

#REF!
Calculation of N2O emissions from application of manage manure to soils. 

Does not include PRP or daily spread manure emissions, since these are accounted for in the original manure management method

2022 Dairy Numbers Change (Head) Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot

Pasture/Range

/Paddock

North America (4) (7) (7) - (3)

Western Europe - 3 3 - 2

Eastern Europe - (0) (0) - (0)

Oceania (19) (1) - - (89)

Latin America - (7) (7) - (245)

Asia (16) (154) - - (81)

Africa and Middle East - (1) (3) - (146)

Indian Subcontinent - (0) - - (0)

Cattle Numbers Change (Head) Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot

Pasture/Range

/Paddock

North America - (0) - (43) (190)

Western Europe - (44) (68) - (56)

Eastern Europe - (730) (1,428) - (649)

Oceania - - - (5) (52)

Latin America - - - - 3,359

Asia - - - (490) (533)

Africa and Middle East - - - (10) (839)

Indian Subcontinent - 38 - 151 829

Swine Numbers Change 

(Head) Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot Pit <1 month

North America (1,203) (678) (154) (147) -

Western Europe 87 - 137 - 28

Eastern Europe 15 - 213 - 125

Oceania Oceania 26 - 1 7 -

Latin America - 42 52 213 -

Asia - 596 - 804 -

Africa and Middle East - 71 21 556 4

Indian Subcontinent 5 11 8 15 2

Dairy Nex Change (kg N) Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot

Pasture/Range

/Paddock

North America (395) (712) (693) - (285)

Western Europe - 287 296 - 161

Eastern Europe - (9) (31) - (9)

Oceania (1,511) (94) - - (7,178)

Latin America - (476) (476) - (17,135)

Asia (975) (9,265) - - (4,876)

Africa and Middle East - (58) (175) - (9,532)

Indian Subcontinent - (1) - - (15)

% lost in Manure Management 77% 40% 40% 30%

Cattle Nex Change (kg N) Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot

Pasture/Range

/Paddock

North America - (21) - (1,889) (8,367)

Western Europe - (2,211) (3,422) - (2,808)
Eastern Europe - (36,487) (71,353) - (32,433)

Oceania - - - (311) (3,143)

Latin America - - - - 134,602

Asia - - - (19,394) (21,081)

Africa and Middle East - - - (432) (37,596)

Indian Subcontinent - 514 - 2,058 11,317

% lost in Manure Management 40% 50% 40%

Swine Nex Change (kg N) Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot Pit <1 month

North America (26,777) (15,103) (3,429) (3,266) -

Western Europe 2,669 - 4,203 - 859

Eastern Europe 472 - 6,613 - 3,889

Oceania 788 - 44 219 -

Latin America - 698 873 3,578 -

Asia - 3,044 - 4,109 -

Africa and Middle East - 1,194 358 9,314 60

Indian Subcontinent 24 58 42 78 8

% lost in Manure Management 78% 48% 50% 30% 25%

Manure N available for 

application (kg N) (not 

including PRP and daily

spread) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep Poultry

North America (934) (1,146) (42,604) NA 3,208

Western Europe 349 (3,038) 19,394 NA (55)

Eastern Europe (24) (57,569) 9,244 NA 28,553

Oceania (404) (187) 348 NA (3,739)

Latin America (571) - 3,304 NA 311

Asia (5,895) (5,895) (11,637) (11,637) 4,576 NA (34,849) (34,849)

Africa and Middle East (140) (259) 8,126 NA (6,506)

Indian Subcontinent (0) 1,662 121 NA (21,781)

Change in direct N2O 

emissions (kg N2O) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep Poultry

North America (15) (18) (669) NA 50

Western Europe 5 (48) 305 NA (1)

Eastern Europe (0) (905) 145 NA 449

Oceania (6) (3) 5 NA (59)

Latin America (9) - 52 NA 5

Asia (93) (183) 72 NA (548)

Africa and Middle East (2) (4) 128 NA (102)

Indian Subcontinent (0) 26 2 NA (342)

Change in indirect N2O 

emissions from volatilization 

(kg N2O) (includes PRP and 

daily spread) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep Poultry

North America (5) (30) (134) NA 10

Western Europe 2 (19) 62 NA (0)

Eastern Europe (0) (283) 29 NA 90

Oceania (26) (10) 1 NA (12)

Latin America (128) 423 11 NA 1
Asia (51) (105) 14 NA (110)

Africa and Middle East (31) (121) 26 NA (20)

Indian Subcontinent (0) 66 0 NA (68)

Change in indirect N2O 

emissions from 

leaching/runoff (kg N2O) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep Poultry

North America (3) (4) (151) NA 11

Western Europe 1 (11) 69 NA (0)

Eastern Europe (0) (204) 33 NA 101

Oceania (1) (1) 1 NA (13)

Latin America (2) - 12 NA 1

Asia (21) (41) 16 NA (123)

Africa and Middle East (0) (1) 29 NA (23)

Indian Subcontinent (0) 6 0 NA (77)

Total change in N2O 

emissions (kg N2O) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep Poultry

North America (23) (52) (954) - 72

Western Europe 8 (77) 436 - (1)

Eastern Europe (1) (1,391) 207 - 639

Oceania (33) (14) 8 - (84)

Latin America (139) 423 74 - 7

Asia (165) (329) 102 - (780)

Africa and Middle East (34) (126) 182 - (146)

Indian Subcontinent (0) 98 3 - (488)

Total (386) (1,468) 58 - (781)
ginal manure management methodology.

Daily Spread Digester

Burned for 

Fuel Other 1,000 Head

 (5) - - (1) 0.01 EF1

 1 - - 0 1.6 convert N2O-N to N2O

 (0) - - (0) 0.01 Volatilization EF [kg N2O–N/(kg NH3–N + NOX–N volatilised)]

 (9) - - - 0.2 Volatilization from organic fertilizer & dung [(kg NH3–N + NOx–N)/kg N a

 (421) - - - 0.0075 Leaching/Runoff EF (kg N20-N/kg N leaching or runoff)

 (118) (8) (28) - 0.3 N losses by leaching/runoff (N losses by leaching or runoff/kg N addition)

 (6) - (21) (4)

 (0) (0) (1) -

Daily Spread Digester

Burned for 

Fuel Other

 - - - - TABLE 10.23 DEFAULT VALUES FOR TOTAL NITROGEN LOSS FRO

 (3) - - (3) Animal category 

Manure 

management 

system

Total N loss from 

MMS FracLossMS 

 - - - (438) Anaerobic lagoon 78%

 - - - - Pit storage 25%

 - - - 34 Deep bedding 50%

 (21) - (21) - Liquid/Slurry 48%

 (14) - (96) (10) Solid storage 50%

 754 38 1,997 - Anaerobic lagoon 77%

Liquid/Slurry 40%

Pit .1 month

Daily 

Spread Digester Other Pit storage 28%

 (1,489) - - - Dry lot 30%

 696 20 - 30 Solid storage 40%

 125 - - 29 Daily spread 22%

 - - - 14 Poultry without litter 55%

Swine 

Dairy Cow 

 - - - 14 Poultry without litter 55%

 - 10 - 208 Anaerobic lagoon 77%

 - - 104 - Poultry with litter 50%

 61 - - - Dry lot 40%

 - 5 4 2 Solid storage 50%

Deep bedding 40%

Daily Spread Digester

Burned for 

Fuel Other Deep bedding 35%

 (485) - - (69) Solid storage 15%

 56 - - 4 From IPCC 2006 Guidelines

 (1) - - (1) Lagoon Pit Storage

 (756) - - - Dairy 77% 28%

 (29,511) - - - Cattle

 (7,070) (488) (1,707) - Swine 78% 25%

 (409) - (1,345) (234) Sheep

 (10) (1) (28) - Poultry 77%

22% 77%

Daily Spread Digester

Burned for 

Fuel Other

 - - - -

 (158) - - (175)

Other Cattle 

Other (sheep, 

horses)

Poultry 
 - - - (21,892)

 - - - -

 - - - 1,360

 (843) - (843) -

 (648) - (4,321) (432)

 10,288 514 27,264 -

22.0% 77.0%

Pit .1 month

Daily 

Spread Digester Other

 (33,145) - - -

 21,415 614 - 920

 3,889 - - 897

 - - - 408

 - 175 - 3,491

 - - 533 -

 1,015 - - -

 - 24 21 8

25% 22.0% 78%

Poultry Manure kg N2O-N emissions accounted for in MM calc

 21

 (0)

 187

 (24)

 2

 (228)

 (43)

 (143)
Total

 (957)

 366

 (545)

 (123)

 365

 (1,171)

 (123)

 (387)

 (2,576)
OX–N volatilised)]

kg NH3–N + NOx–N)/kg N applied]

hing or runoff/kg N addition)

AL NITROGEN LOSS FROM MANURE MANAGEMENT 

(Range of 

FracLossMS) 

(55 – 99)

(15 – 30)

(10 – 60)

(15 – 60)

(20 – 70)

(55 – 99)

(15 – 45)

(10 – 40)

(10 – 35)

(10 – 65)

(15 – 60)

(40 – 70)

(50 – 99)

(20 – 80)

(20 – 50)

(20 – 70)

(10 – 50)

(15 – 40)

(5 – 20)

Deep Bedding Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot

Daily 

Spread

40% 40% 30% 22%

40% 50% 40%

50% 48% 50%

35% 15%

50%
Emissions Factors

Fuel Heating Value Density C ratio CO2 S ratio

LHV (% by wt) (ppm by wt)

Liquid Fuels: Btu/gal grams/gal g/mmBtu

Crude oil 129670 3205 0.853 76532.197 16000

Conventional gasoline 115000 2819 0.863 76791.766 25.5

Reformulated or low-sulfur gasoline 115000 2829.577335 0.840463 75066.95 25.5

CA reformulated gasoline 115000 2828.193184 0.843402 75292.659 11

U.S. conventional diesel 130000 3167 0.865 76494.013 200

CA conventional diesel 120

Diesel for non-road engines 130000 3167 0.865 76494.013 163

Low-sulfur diesel 130000 3206 0.871 77973.126 11

Petroleum naphtha 116920 2745 0.85 72440.109 1

NG-based FT naphtha 111520 2651 0.842 72656.702 0

Residual oil 140352.5222 3752 0.868 84230.418 5000

Bunker fuel for ocean tanker 140352.5222 3752 0.868 84230.418 28000

Methanol 57250 3006 0.375 71474.541 0

Ethanol 76000 2988 0.522 74497.917 0.749999881

E-Diesel Additives 116090 2819 0.863 76070.748 25.5

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 84950 1923 0.82 67380.833 0

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) 74720 1621 0.75 59062.801 0

Dimethyl ether (DME) 68930 2518 0.522 69218.881 0

Dimethoxy methane (DMM) 72200 3255 0.474 77570.888 0

Methyl ester (biodiesel, BD) 118000 3361 0.776 80233.336 0

Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FTD) 123670 3017 0.853 75538.195 0

Liquid hy Liquid hydrogen 30500 268 0 0 0

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 93540 2811 0.681 74287.752 0

Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) 96720 2810 0.706 74456.284 0

Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 100480 2913 0.706 74297.155 0

Butane 94970 2213 0.828 70037.71 0

Isobutane 90060 2118 0.828 70685.604 0

Isobutylene 95720 2253 0.857 73222.735 0

Propane 84250 1920 0.818 67669.232 0

Natural gas liquids 83686.11202 0

Still gas (in refineries) 128590 0

Gaseous Fuels (at 32F and 1atm): Btu/ft3 gms/ft3

Natural gas 983 22 0.724 58818.555 6

Gaseous hydrogen 290 2.55 0 0

Still gas (in refineries) 1458 32.8

Solid Fuels: Btu/ton

Coal 19546300 0.637 107318.59 11100

Bituminous coal 22460600 0.755 110694.41 11800

Coking coal 24600497.14 0.747 99994.66 11800

Farmed trees 16811000 0.517 0

Herbaceous biomass 14797554.76 0.426 0
Corn stover 14075990 0.445 0

Forest residue 13243490 0.517 0

Table D-6. Fertilizer Emission Factors

Fertilizer Type SCC Emission Factor

(lbs NH3/Ton Nitrogen)

Anhydrous Ammonia 2801700001 24 0.707

Aqua Ammonia 2801700002 24

Nitrogen Solutions 2801700003 61

Urea 2801700004 364 0.211

Ammonium Nitrate 2801700005 49 0.082

Ammonium Sulfate 2801700006 194

Ammonium Thiosulfate 2801700007 64

Other Straight Nitrogen 2801700008 61

Ammonium Phospates 280170009 97

N-P-K 28017000010 97

Source: Asman, William, A.H., Ammonia Emissions in Europe: Updated Emission and Emission Variations,

National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Biltoven, The Netherlands, May 1992.

kWh/mmBtu

Electricity 293.07107

E10 111100

E85 86140

Liquid Fuels: Btu/gal grams/gal

Butanol 99837 3065 0.6486

Renewable Diesel 117059 2835 0.863













Fuel Production Emissions / Energy Use (Well-to-Tank): Em

S ratio SOx

Actual ratio by wt Conventional Gasoline (E0)

g/mmBtu Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0.016 790.930824

0.0000255 1.25016522

0.0000255 1.25485604

0.000011 0.54104565

0.0002 9.74461538 17.256 0.0015

0.00012

0.000163 7.94186154 2012 #REF! #REF!

0.000011 0.54255385

0.000001 0.04695518 2017 #REF! #REF!

0 0

0.005 267.326867 2022 17.214 0.001

0.028 1497.03045

0 0 Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock (E0)

7.5E-07 0.05897367 Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0.0000255 1.23842708

0

0

0

0 17.357 0.002

0

0 2012 17.357 0.002

0

0 2017 17.357 0.002

0

0 2022 17.357 0.002

0

0 CA Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock (E0)

0 Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0

0

0

0.000006 0.26856562 16.834 0.002

0

2012 16.834 0.002

0.0111 1030.34313 2017 16.834 0.002

0.0118 953.200182

0.0118 870.285177 2022 16.834 0.002

0

0 Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
0 Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0

7.853 0.002

g NH3/ton N

44357.544 2012 7.829 0.002

2017 7.818 0.001

2022 7.807 0.001

Natural Gas (For Stationary Combustion)

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

5.759

2012 5.759

2017 5.759

2022 5.759

LPG (60% NG, 40% Petroleum)

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

10.103

2012 10.103

2017 10.103

2022 10.103

Coal (For Stationary Combustion)

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
7.658

2012 7.658

2017 7.658

2022 7.658

Biomass (For Stationary Combustion)

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012

2017

2022

Gasious Hydrogen (from Natural Gas)

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

11.884

2012 11.884

2017 11.884

2022 11.884












ns / Energy Use (Well-to-Tank): Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Fuel 

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

0.00560 0.00078 0.047 0.000 0.043 14.401 49.314 11.034

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

0.005 0.001 0.046 0.000 0.035 14.335 48.350 10.999

ne Blendstock (E0)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 14.778 50.443 11.262

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 14.778 50.443 11.262

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 14.778 50.443 11.262

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 14.778 50.443 11.262

soline Blendstock (E0)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 12.793 36.961 8.712

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 12.793 36.961 8.712

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 12.793 36.961 8.712

0.007 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.052 12.793 36.961 8.712
Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

0.006 0.001 0.028 0.000 0.042 13.283 44.672 10.221

0.005 0.001 0.028 0.000 0.038 13.232 44.171 10.199

0.005 0.001 0.028 0.000 0.036 13.217 43.891 10.190

0.004 0.001 0.028 0.000 0.034 13.207 43.560 10.180

tionary Combustion)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

7.859 22.431 0.861

7.859 22.431 0.861

7.859 22.431 0.861

7.859 22.431 0.861

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

10.796 35.410 3.253

10.796 35.410 3.253

10.796 35.410 3.253

10.796 35.410 3.253

Combustion)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10
2.617 14.518 169.665

2.617 14.518 169.665

2.617 14.518 169.665

2.617 14.518 169.665

nary Combustion)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

rom Natural Gas)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10

30.095 91.569 39.999

30.095 91.569 39.999

30.095 91.569 39.999

30.095 91.569 39.999












PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

4.396 24.496 0.000 108.328 0.274 16,792 19,152 41,013 90,356

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

4.366 24.475 0.000 108.328 0.274 16,791 19,151 40,998 90,373

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

4.428 25.252 0.000 108.951 0.282 17,411 19,786 42,119 86,376

4.428 25.252 0.000 108.951 0.282 17,411 19,786 42,119 86,376

4.428 25.252 0.000 108.951 0.282 17,411 19,786 42,119 86,376

4.428 25.252 0.000 108.951 0.282 17,411 19,786 42,119 86,376

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134
PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

4.060 22.408 0.000 103.538 0.243 15,044 17,294 38,148 77,766

4.041 22.386 0.000 103.539 0.243 15,044 17,294 38,135 77,782

4.032 22.385 0.000 103.539 0.243 15,044 17,293 38,132 77,784

4.023 22.385 0.000 103.538 0.243 15,044 17,293 38,132 77,784

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

0.511 11.552 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

0.511 11.552 0.000 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

0.511 11.552 0.000 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

0.511 11.552 0.000 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

1.480 20.643 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

1.480 20.643 0.000 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

1.480 20.643 0.000 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

1.480 20.643 0.000 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy
42.235 7.153 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

42.235 7.153 0.000 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

42.235 7.153 0.000 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

42.235 7.153 0.000 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

20.099 65.923 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

20.099 65.923 0.000 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

20.099 65.923 0.000 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

20.099 65.923 0.000 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454












Fuel Combustion Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams/mmBtu of fuel burned, Ener

Gasoline: Farming Tractor (E10)

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

107,111

#REF! 2012 432.303 2.408 2.074 0.175

#REF! 2017 355.530 1.897 1.634 0.138

107,110 2022 258.219 1.271 1.095 0.093

Diesel Fuel: Farming Tractor 

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

111,697

111,697 2012 42.228 0.079 2.241 0.128

111,697 2017 30.551 0.057 1.622 0.093

111,697 2022 23.024 0.043 1.222 0.070

NG: Farm Use (engine)

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

52.000

52.000

52.000

46.560

103,769 41.120

41.120

103,769 2012 41.120

41.120

103,769 2017 41.120

103,769 2022 41.120

LPG: Commercial Boiler 
Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1.890

1.890

1.890

1.890

98,679 1.890

1.890

98,635 2012 1.890

1.890

98,635 2017 1.890

98,635 2022 1.890

Coal: Used in Biofuel Plants (industrial boiler)

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

3.000

3.000

3.000

2.534

4,290 2.068

2.068

4,290 2012 2.068

2.068

4,290 2017 2.068

4,290 2022 2.068

Biogas: Used in Biofuel Plants (based on NG)

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

5.341

5.341

5.341

5.341

29,588 5.341

5.341

29,588 2012 5.341

5.341

29,588 2017 5.341

29,588 2022 5.341

Petroleum 

Energy
14,069

14,069

14,069

14,069

Petroleum 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

23,181

23,181

23,181

23,181












grams/mmBtu of fuel burned, Energy - Btu per mmBtu fuel burned

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

15.113 4.029 11374.346 265.477 7.352 6.764 15.850

11.904 3.174 10067.232 203.886 7.487 6.888 15.879

7.977 2.127 8417.518 131.315 7.648 7.036 15.914

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

0.859 4.989 211.537 468.845 35.672 34.602 0.475

0.622 3.610 130.080 305.988 21.123 20.489 0.438

0.468 2.720 58.080 159.388 7.685 7.454 0.400

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

1006.365 2000.000 7.330 7.330

1006.365 1900.000 7.330 7.330

1006.365 1800.000 7.330 7.330

674.405 1500.000 6.430 6.430

342.445 1200.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1050.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1050.000 5.530 5.530 0.269

342.445 1000.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1000.000 5.530 5.530 0.269

342.445 1000.000 5.530 5.530 0.269
Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430 0.000

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430 0.000

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430 0.000

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

96.100 211.400 170.000 70.000 600.000

96.100 205.000 165.000 68.000 580.000

96.100 200.000 155.000 65.000 530.000

86.143 185.000 120.000 60.000 349.293

76.185 155.249 100.000 50.000 200.000

76.185 120.000 85.000 45.000 130.000

76.185 120.000 85.000 45.000 130.000

76.185 105.700 80.000 40.000 100.000

76.185 105.700 80.000 40.000 100.000

76.185 105.700 80.000 40.000 100.000

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331 4.100













NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

12.846 1.104 1000000

12.846 1.104 1000000

10.313 1.104 1000000

7.393 1.104 1000000

5.193 1.104 1000000

3.575 1.104 1000000

1.009 3.095 1.104 76904.180 77311.415 1000000

2.615 1.104 1000000

1.009 2.615 1.104 77039.773 77436.928 1000000

1000000

1.009 2.615 1.104 77205.465 77602.620 1000000

1.25

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.679 0.630 0.920 78902.921 79201.351 1000000

0.630 0.920 1000000

0.679 0.630 0.920 78937.361 79235.791 1000000

1000000

0.679 0.630 0.920 78959.439 79257.869 1000000

1.22

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 58818.555 67031.295 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 58818.555 67031.295 1000000

1000000

368.940 1.500 58818.555 67031.295 1000000

1.30
NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 67380.833 68910.113 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 600000 400000

1.080 4.860 67380.833 68910.113 600000 400000

600000 400000

1.080 4.860 67380.833 68910.113 600000 400000

1.19

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 107318.592 107712.592 1000000

4.000 1.000 1000000

4.000 1.000 107318.592 107712.592 1000000

1000000

4.000 1.000 107318.592 107712.592 1000000

1.04

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.100 1.100

1.100 1.100

1.100 1.100

1.100 1.100

1.100 1.100 364.100

1.100 1.100

1.100 1.100 364.100

1.100 1.100

1.100 1.100 364.100

1.100 1.100 364.100













Diesel Fuel: Used at Cellulosic Ethanol Plant (average of commercial boiler, stationary en

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

58.003

58.003

46.746

33.731

24.316

16.725

2012 16.725

12.459

2017 12.459

2022 12.459

NG: Biofuel Plant Use (50 / 50 mix of large and small industrial boiler)

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

2.700

2.700

2.700

2.344

1.987

1.987

2012 1.987

1.987

2017 1.987

2022 1.987














f commercial boiler, stationary engine, and turbine)

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

268.356 476.438 72.007 61.910

268.356 476.438 72.007 61.910

218.961 427.618 62.700 53.533

161.827 366.330 50.941 44.071

128.799 298.487 40.460 35.759

84.937 225.535 32.996 29.040

84.937 225.535 32.996 29.040 0.543

53.802 170.494 27.398 24.002

53.802 170.494 27.398 24.002 0.543

53.802 170.494 27.398 24.002 0.543

dustrial boiler)

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

41.100 65.500 3.700 3.700

41.100 65.000 3.700 3.700

41.100 61.500 3.700 3.700

31.861 53.517 3.392 3.392

22.621 43.804 3.083 3.083

22.621 38.500 3.083 3.083

22.621 38.500 3.083 3.083 0.269

22.621 36.500 3.083 3.083

22.621 36.500 3.083 3.083 0.269

22.621 36.500 3.083 3.083 0.269














CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 492.441 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 77973.126 78465.567 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 77973.126 78465.567 1000000

1000000

1.848 1.463 77973.126 78465.567 1000000

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 364.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000

1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000














Electricity Production Emissions / Energy Use: Btu or Grams per mmBtu of Electricity Available at User Sites (wall out

U.S. Average Electricity Production

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

2012 18.726 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2017 18.726 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2022 18.446 0.00000 0.000 0.000 0.000














 Available at User Sites (wall outlets)

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.000 54.557 215.351 287.308 75.482 457.881 0.000 287.165 2.808

0.000 54.557 215.351 287.308 75.482 457.881 0.000 287.165 2.808

0.000 54.540 201.533 287.306 75.481 403.907 0.000 287.165 2.808














Agricultural Chemical Productio

Average Nitrogen Fertilize

CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

212,923 219,823 1620432.854 535229.907 61871.390 2012

212,923 219,823 1620432.854 535229.907 61871.390 2017

212,923 219,824 1620432.854 535229.907 61871.390 2022

Phosphate (P2O5) Fertilize

Year

2012

2017

2022

Potash (K2O) Fertilizer

Year

2012

2017

2022

Limestone (CaCO3) Fertiliz
Year

2012

2017

2022

Herbicide

Year

2012

2017

2022

Pesticide

Year

2012

2017

2022













Agricultural Chemical Production & Transportation Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per ton of nutrient, Energy - mm

Average Nitrogen Fertilizer

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

6674.522

2789.630 0.018 0.009

6674.522 0.044 0.022

6674.522 0.044 0.022

Phosphate (P2O5) Fertilizer

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

406.648

318.825 0.002 0.001

406.648 0.002 0.001

406.648 0.002 0.001

Potash (K2O) Fertilizer

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

131.653

58.859 0.0002 0.0001

131.653 0.0005 0.0003

131.653 0.0005 0.0003

Limestone (CaCO3) Fertilizer
VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

80.913

80.913 0.0005 0.0003

80.913 0.0005 0.0003

80.913 0.0005 0.0003

Herbicide

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

2783.301

1748.688 0.639 0.091 0.026 3.564

2783.301 1.017 0.145 0.042 5.672

2783.301 1.017 0.145 0.042 5.672

Pesticide

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

4095.883

2586.250 0.945 0.134 0.039 5.271

4095.883 1.496 0.213 0.062 8.347

4095.883 1.496 0.213 0.062 8.347













- grams per ton of nutrient, Energy - mmBtu per ton of nutrient

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

6288.803 3733.176 999.754 518.178 1957.503 3175.008

20.970 2726.041 2273.976 436.102 230.106 1007.003 0.000 3175.008

50.174 6288.803 3733.176 999.754 518.178 1957.503 0.000 3175.008

50.174 6288.803 3733.176 999.754 518.178 1957.503 0.000 3175.008

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

1387.439 7895.807 1887.475 1158.839 70105.451 1942.027

2.056 1091.709 6206.539 1468.821 901.202 54455.110 0.000 1942.027

2.623 1387.439 7895.807 1887.475 1158.839 70105.451 0.000 1942.027

2.623 1387.439 7895.807 1887.475 1158.839 70105.451 0.000 1942.027

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

470.444 2007.350 687.538 242.565 1465.740 1060.864

0.257 214.815 1103.381 137.636 57.107 423.171 0.000 1060.864

0.574 470.444 2007.350 687.538 242.565 1465.740 0.000 1060.864

0.574 470.444 2007.350 687.538 242.565 1465.740 0.000 1060.864
Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

287.593 915.225 653.894 218.391 1039.430 989.483

0.570 287.593 915.225 653.894 218.391 1039.430 0.000 989.483

0.570 287.593 915.225 653.894 218.391 1039.430 0.000 989.483

0.570 287.593 915.225 653.894 218.391 1039.430 0.000 989.483

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

10385.543 36488.637 17937.557 8202.690 34420.298 32855.574

20.100 6582.288 23188.990 11269.596 5145.480 21979.480 0.000 32855.574

31.992 10385.543 36488.637 17937.557 8202.690 34420.298 0.000 32855.574

31.992 10385.543 36488.637 17937.557 8202.690 34420.298 0.000 32855.574

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

15863.691 45885.015 20330.680 9682.709 26671.773 38665.257

29.727 10091.786 29312.653 12874.271 6113.065 17007.943 0.000 38665.257

47.079 15863.691 45885.015 20330.680 9682.709 26671.773 0.000 38665.257

47.079 15863.691 45885.015 20330.680 9682.709 26671.773 0.000 38665.257













On Farm Non-Combustion, 

Fertilizer Application (g

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

1794.159 2,668,549 3.09 44.75 1.92

1794.159 2,668,549 3,291,414 3.091 44.751 1.924 2012

1794.159 2,668,549 3,291,414 3.091 44.751 1.924 2017

1794.159 2,668,549 3,291,414 3.091 44.751 1.924 2022

Herbicide Application 

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

19.706 1,076,268 3.04 6.74 4.14

19.706 1,076,268 1,123,159 3.043 6.743 4.136 2012

19.706 1,076,268 1,123,159 3.043 6.743 4.136 2017

19.706 1,076,268 1,123,159 3.043 6.743 4.136 2022

Pesticide Application (

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

10.426 717,036 3.28 2.58 2.58

10.426 717,036 742,546 3.283 2.579 2.577 2012

10.426 717,036 742,546 3.283 2.579 2.577 2017

10.426 717,036 742,546 3.283 2.579 2.577 2022

Fugutive Dust & Crop 
N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

8.779 1,052,311 3.27 2.54 1.85

399,159 From Calcination

8.779 1,052,311 1,075,812 3.266 2.536 1.852 2012

8.779 1,052,311 1,075,812 3.266 2.536 1.852 2017

8.779 1,052,311 1,075,812 3.266 2.536 1.852 2022

Livestock (Beef Cattle) 

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

252.952 22,681,896 61.20 78.69 137.40

252.952 22,681,896 23,450,279 61.205 78.694 137.400 2012

252.952 22,681,896 23,450,279 61.205 78.694 137.400 2017

252.952 22,681,896 23,450,279 61.205 78.694 137.400 2022

Livestock (Dairy Cattle

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year

326.675 26,303,347 75.13 92.77 159.13

326.675 26,303,347 27,216,587 75.133 92.767 159.135 2012

326.675 26,303,347 27,216,587 75.133 92.767 159.135 2017

326.675 26,303,347 27,216,587 75.133 92.767 159.135 2022

Livestock (Swine) Amm

Year
2012

2017

2022

Livestock (Poultry) Am

Year

2012

2017

2022












On Farm Non-Combustion, Non-GHG Emissions

Fertilizer Application (g/ton applied)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Herbicide Application (this table is empty since herbicides are included in Pesticide Application table below

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Pesticide Application (tons/ton applied)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

0.543 0.0036 0.142

0.543 0.0036 0.142

0.543 0.0036 0.142

0.543 0.0036 0.142

Fugutive Dust & Crop Residue Burning (tons/1000 acres farmed)
VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

0.535 0.007 0.032 0.013 0.017 0.075

0.535 0.007 0.032 0.013 0.017 0.075

0.535 0.007 0.032 0.013 0.017 0.075

0.535 0.007 0.032 0.013 0.017 0.075

Livestock (Beef Cattle) Ammonia & PM (kg/Head)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Livestock (Dairy Cattle) Ammonia (kg/Head)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Livestock (Swine) Ammonia (kg/Head)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde
Livestock (Poultry) Ammonia (kg/Head)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde












CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

57428.708

57428.708

57428.708

57428.708

Application table below)

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2
CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

6.127 0.191 7.617 1.708 0.059 0.071

6.127 0.191 7.617 1.708 0.059 0.071

6.127 0.191 7.617 1.708 0.059 0.071

6.127 0.191 7.617 1.708 0.059 0.071

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.888 0.089 9

0.888 0.089 9

0.888 0.089 9

0.888 0.089 9

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.172 0.017 25

0.172 0.017 25

0.172 0.017 25

0.172 0.017 25

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2
5

5

5

5

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22












Biofuel Production Emissions / Energy Use: Btu or Gram

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - Base Plant (dry DD

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP (dry DDGS)

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP and Fractio

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP, Fractionat
CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP, Fractionat

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - Base Plant (wet DG

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP (wet DGS)

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP and Fractio

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP, Fractionat

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG - w/ CHP, Fractionat

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000
2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - Base Plant (dry D

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP (dry DDGS

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP and Fract

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP, Fractiona
Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP, Fractiona

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - Base Plant (wet D

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP (wet DGS

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP and Fract

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP, Fractiona

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal - w/ CHP, Fractiona

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000
2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - Base Plant (d

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP (dry D

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP and F

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP, Fract
Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP, Fract

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - Base Plant (w

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP (wet D

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP and F

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP, Fract

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass - w/ CHP, Fract

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000
2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Wet Mill NG

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Wet Mill Coal

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Corn Ethanol, Wet Mill Biomass

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 4.000

2017 4.000

2022 4.000

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Switchgrass & 
Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 1.120

2017 1.120

2022 1.120

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Corn Stover & L

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 1.120

2017 1.120

2022 1.120

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Forest waste & 

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 1.120

2017 1.120

2022 1.120

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Farmed trees & 

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
2012 1.120

2017 1.120

2022 1.120

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Switchgr

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.000

2017 0.000

2022 0.000

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Corn Sto

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.000

2017 0.000

2022 0.000

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Forest W

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.000

2017 0.000
2022 0.000

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Farmed t

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.000

2017 0.000

2022 0.000

Bio-Butanol, Corn Fermentation

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 2.239 0.000

2017 2.239 0.000

2022 2.239 0.000

Biodiesel, Soybean oil

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.000 0.000

2017 0.000 0.000

2022 0.000 0.000

Biodiesel, Yellow grease/tallow

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
2012 0.000 0.000

2017 0.000 0.000

2022 0.000 0.000

Renewable Diesel, Soybean Oil

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.000 0.000

2017 0.000 0.000

2022 0.000 0.000

Renewable Diesel, Yellow grease/tallow

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012

2017

2022

Biodiesel Material Use Production Emissions / Energy Use: B

Biodiesel, Soybean oil

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene
2012 0.580 0.000

2017 0.580 0.000

2022 0.580 0.000

Biodiesel, Yellow grease/tallow

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene

2012 0.777 0.000

2017 0.777 0.000

2022 0.777 0.000
ns / Energy Use: Btu or Grams per gal of fuel produced (combustion and non-combustion emissions) - Plant Only

NG - Base Plant (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP and Fractionation (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP, Fractionation and Membrane Seperation (dry DDGS)
Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP, Fractionation, Membrane Seperation, and Raw Starch Hydrolysis (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - Base Plant (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx
0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP and Fractionation (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP, Fractionation and Membrane Seperation (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

NG - w/ CHP, Fractionation, Membrane Seperation, and Raw Starch Hydrolysis (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500
0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - Base Plant (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP and Fractionation (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP, Fractionation and Membrane Seperation (dry DDGS)
Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP, Fractionation, Membrane Seperation, and Raw Starch Hydrolysis (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - Base Plant (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx
0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP and Fractionation (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP, Fractionation and Membrane Seperation (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Coal - w/ CHP, Fractionation, Membrane Seperation, and Raw Starch Hydrolysis (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500
0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - Base Plant (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP and Fractionation (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP, Fractionation and Membrane Seperation (dry DDGS)
Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP, Fractionation, Membrane Seperation, and Raw Starch Hydrolysis (dry DDGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - Base Plant (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx
0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP and Fractionation (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP, Fractionation and Membrane Seperation (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Biomass - w/ CHP, Fractionation, Membrane Seperation, and Raw Starch Hydrolysis (wet DGS)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500
0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 1.900 5.500

zymatic, Switchgrass & Lignin
Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

zymatic, Corn Stover & Lignin

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

zymatic, Forest waste & Lignin

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

0.233 0.010 0.008 1.655 0.040 0.000 0.000

zymatic, Farmed trees & Lignin

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx
0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

ermochemical, Switchgrass

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

ermochemical, Corn Stover

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

ermochemical, Forest Waste

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000
0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

ermochemical, Farmed trees

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

0.282 0.009 0.009 2.376 0.046 0.000 0.000

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ow grease/tallow

Acetaldehyde etaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Benzene Ethanol Ethanol Formaldehyde Formaldehyde CO NOx

ction Emissions / Energy Use: Btu or Grams per kg Product

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.593 2.035

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.593 2.035

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.593 2.035

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.571 2.155

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.571 2.155

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.571 2.155
ons) - Plant Only

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.199 7.000 0.000 0.019 0.019 1,020 1,026 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.206 7.000 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,147 1,154 0
PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 1.013 7.000 0.000 0.087 0.022 2,326 2,335 21,676

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 1.151 7.000 0.000 0.101 0.025 2,696 2,706 25,126
PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

dry DDGS)

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.256 7.000 0.000 0.019 0.019 0 6 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.269 7.000 0.000 0.021 0.021 0 7 0
PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

sis (dry DDGS)

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

sis (wet DGS)

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 #REF! 7.000 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

2.200 0.146 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0
PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.856 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Energy

0

0

0

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
0.285 0.265 1.081 0.000 3.331 0.008 499 572 177

0.285 0.265 1.081 0.000 3.331 0.008 499 572 177

0.285 0.265 1.081 0.000 3.331 0.008 499 572 177

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.259 0.241 1.886 0.000 3.135 0.008 514 582 333

0.259 0.241 1.886 0.000 3.135 0.008 514 582 333

0.259 0.241 1.886 0.000 3.135 0.008 514 582 333
Biofuel Feedstock & Co-Product Transport Emissions / Energy Use: Emission

Corn Transport per Bushel

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

0.209

0.127

0.103

0.086

#REF! #REF! 2012 0.083 0.00005 0.0024

0.078

#REF! #REF! 2017 0.074 0.00005 0.0021

17,341 0 2022 0.074 0.00005 0.0021

Soybean Transport per Bushel

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

0.209

0.127

0.103

0.086

#REF! #REF! 2012 0.083 0.00005 0.0024

0.078

#REF! #REF! 2017 0.077 0.00005 0.0022

0 0 2022 0.074 0.00005 0.0021

DDGS Transport per Ton

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

7.116

3.189

2.701

2.345

#REF! #REF! 2012 2.279 0.0014 0.0656

2.181

#REF! #REF! 2017 2.166 0.0013 0.0624

19,497 0 2022 2.107 0.0013 0.0607

Farmed Trees Transport per Ton
NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

6.698

3.002

2.542

2.207

#REF! #REF! 2012 2.145 0.0013 0.0618

2.053

#REF! #REF! 2017 2.039 0.0012 0.0587

0 0 2022 1.983 0.0012 0.0571

Switchgrass Transport per Ton

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

4.186

1.876

1.589

1.379

#REF! #REF! 2012 1.341 0.0008 0.0386

1.283

#REF! #REF! 2017 1.274 0.0008 0.0367

0 0 2022 1.239 0.0008 0.0357

Corn Stover Transport per Ton

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

3.140

1.407

1.191

1.034

#REF! #REF! 2012 1.006 0.0006 0.0290

0.962

#REF! #REF! 2017 0.956 0.0006 0.0275

0 0 2022 0.930 0.0006 0.0268

Forest Residue Transport per Ton

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

11.773
5.276

4.468

3.879

#REF! #REF! 2012 3.771 0.0023 0.1086

3.608

#REF! #REF! 2017 3.584 0.0022 0.1032

0 0 2022 3.486 0.0021 0.1004

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0
NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0
NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

#REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

0 0
NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0
0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0

0 0

0 0

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
10,773 737

10,773 737

10,773 737

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

10,927 792

10,927 792

10,927 792
Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams/bushel or ton, Energy - Btu per bushel or ton

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.925 2.039 0.078 0.052

0.445 1.350 0.084 0.056

0.304 0.982 0.067 0.039

0.172 0.548 0.052 0.026

0.0003 0.0009 0.0000 0.0065 0.150 0.464 0.049 0.024

0.117 0.339 0.045 0.020

0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0058 0.112 0.320 0.045 0.020

0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0058 0.091 0.244 0.043 0.018

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.925 2.039 0.078 0.052

0.445 1.350 0.084 0.056

0.304 0.982 0.067 0.039

0.172 0.548 0.052 0.026

0.0003 0.0009 0.0000 0.0065 0.150 0.464 0.049 0.024

0.117 0.339 0.045 0.020

0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0061 0.112 0.320 0.045 0.020

0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0058 0.091 0.244 0.043 0.018

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

33.877 71.849 2.627 1.758

11.289 31.808 2.387 1.474

7.682 23.623 1.969 1.071

4.531 13.850 1.616 0.762

0.0080 0.0239 0.0000 0.1782 4.044 12.028 1.555 0.709

3.313 9.294 1.463 0.629

0.0076 0.0227 0.0000 0.1694 3.204 8.925 1.455 0.621

0.0074 0.0221 0.0000 0.1648 2.771 7.449 1.422 0.591
Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

31.884 67.623 2.473 1.655

10.625 29.937 2.247 1.388

7.230 22.233 1.853 1.008

4.264 13.036 1.521 0.717

0.0075 0.0225 0.0000 0.1678 3.806 11.320 1.464 0.667

3.118 8.747 1.377 0.592

0.0071 0.0214 0.0000 0.1594 3.016 8.400 1.369 0.585

0.0069 0.0208 0.0000 0.1551 2.608 7.010 1.339 0.556

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

19.928 42.264 1.545 1.034

6.641 18.711 1.404 0.867

4.519 13.896 1.158 0.630

2.665 8.147 0.951 0.448

0.0047 0.0141 0.0000 0.1048 2.379 7.075 0.915 0.417

1.949 5.467 0.861 0.370

0.0045 0.0134 0.0000 0.0996 1.885 5.250 0.856 0.365

0.0043 0.0130 0.0000 0.0969 1.630 4.382 0.837 0.348

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

14.946 31.698 1.159 0.776

4.980 14.033 1.053 0.650

3.389 10.422 0.869 0.472

1.999 6.110 0.713 0.336

0.0035 0.0106 0.0000 0.0786 1.784 5.306 0.686 0.313

1.461 4.100 0.646 0.277

0.0033 0.0100 0.0000 0.0747 1.414 3.937 0.642 0.274

0.0033 0.0098 0.0000 0.0727 1.222 3.286 0.628 0.261

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

56.047 118.868 4.347 2.909
18.676 52.623 3.950 2.439

12.709 39.082 3.258 1.772

7.496 22.914 2.674 1.261

0.0132 0.0396 0.0000 0.2949 6.690 19.899 2.573 1.173

5.480 15.376 2.421 1.040

0.0125 0.0376 0.0000 0.2803 5.301 14.766 2.407 1.028

0.0122 0.0366 0.0000 0.2726 4.584 12.323 2.353 0.978












SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.146 0.529 0.013 466 481 163.232 313.600 5497

0.131 0.526 0.013 466

0.120 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

0.115 0.529 0.013 469

0.115 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

0.114 0.529 0.013 469

0.114 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

0.114 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.146 0.529 0.013 466

0.131 0.526 0.013 466

0.120 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

0.115 0.529 0.013 469

0.115 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

0.114 0.529 0.013 469

0.114 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

0.114 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 485 163.232 313.600 5497

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

4.939 17.872 0.407 15,738

4.423 17.765 0.407 15,774

4.060 17.860 0.409 15,867 16,369 5204.562 10021.102 179401

3.880 17.857 0.409 15,869

3.873 0.000 17.856 0.409 15866.797 16,369 5204.562 10021.102 179401

3.864 17.854 0.409 15,863

3.864 0.000 17.853 0.409 15863.355 16,369 5204.562 10021.102 179401

3.864 0.000 17.852 0.409 15,864 16,369 5204.562 10021.102 179401
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

4.649 16.820 0.383 14,812

4.162 16.720 0.383 14,846

3.821 16.809 0.385 14,934 15,406 5191.643 9974.148 174821

3.651 16.807 0.385 14,936

3.645 0.000 16.806 0.385 14933.456 15,406 5191.643 9974.148 174821

3.637 16.803 0.385 14,930

3.637 0.000 16.803 0.385 14930.216 15,402 5191.643 9974.148 174821

3.637 0.000 16.802 0.385 14,931 15,403 5191.643 9974.148 174821

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

2.906 10.513 0.239 9,257

2.601 10.450 0.239 9,279

2.388 10.506 0.241 9,334 9,629 3244.777 6233.843 109263

2.282 10.504 0.241 9,335

2.278 0.000 10.503 0.241 9333.410 9,629 3244.777 6233.843 109263

2.273 10.502 0.241 9,331

2.273 0.000 10.502 0.241 9331.385 9,627 3244.777 6233.843 109263

2.273 0.000 10.501 0.241 9,332 9,627 3244.777 6233.843 109263

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

2.179 7.885 0.179 6,943

1.951 7.837 0.179 6,959

1.791 7.879 0.180 7,000 7,222 2433.583 4675 81947.284

1.712 7.878 0.180 7,001

1.709 0.000 7.878 0.180 7000.058 7,221 2433.583 4675 81947.284

1.705 7.877 0.180 6,998

1.705 0.000 7.876 0.180 6998.539 7,220 2433.583 4675 81947.284

1.705 0.000 7.876 0.180 6,999 7,220 2433.583 4675 81947.284

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

8.172 29.567 0.673 26,037
7.317 29.390 0.673 26,096

6.716 29.548 0.677 26,251 27,081 9125.935 17533 307302

6.418 29.543 0.677 26,254

6.408 0.000 29.541 0.677 26250.216 27,080 9125.935 17533 307302

6.393 29.537 0.677 26,244

6.393 0.000 29.537 0.677 26244.521 27,075 9125.935 17533 307302

6.393 0.000 29.534 0.677 26,246 27,076 9125.935 17533 307302












International Sugarcane Ethanol Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams/mmBtu, Energ

Sugarcane Production & Transport per mmBtu Fuel

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

733.115

2012 733.115 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2017 733.115 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2022 733.115 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sugarcane Ethanol Production & Transport to the U.S. per mmBtu Fuel

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

57.395

2012 57.395 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2017 57.395 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2022 57.395 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000














ns - grams/mmBtu, Energy - Btu per mmBtu

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

9570.472 300.632 814.060 407.044 51.560 292.337 20.535

0.000 9570.472 300.632 814.060 407.044 51.560 0.000 292.337 20.535

0.000 9570.472 300.632 814.060 407.044 51.560 0.000 292.337 20.535

0.000 9570.472 300.632 814.060 407.044 51.560 0.000 292.337 20.535

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

94.164 142.507 107.537 50.508 35.271 37.851 4.661

0.000 94.164 142.507 107.537 50.508 35.271 0.000 37.851 4.661

0.000 94.164 142.507 107.537 50.508 35.271 0.000 37.851 4.661

0.000 94.164 142.507 107.537 50.508 35.271 0.000 37.851 4.661














CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248 46,981

8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248 46,981

8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248 46,981

8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248 46,981

CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877 34,864

2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877 34,864

2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877 34,864

2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877 34,864


Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage Emissions

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx

10.440 0.00011 0.00577 0.00075 0.0204 0.0000 0.0410 0.863 4.778

10.426 0.00010 0.00541 0.00070 0.0203 0.0000 0.0385 0.807 4.373

10.410 0.768 4.044

2012 10.404 0.00009 0.00486 0.00063 0.0201 0.0000 0.0346 0.761 3.931

10.396 0.750 3.761

2017 10.393 0.00008 0.00459 0.00059 0.0200 0.0000 0.0326 0.748 3.691

2022 10.384 0.00008 0.00434 0.00056 0.0199 0.0000 0.0309 0.741 3.409

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Domestic Petro Fuel Prod EFpage 1 of 2 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.253 0.194 0.985 0.665 0.012

0.236 0.178 0.907 0.668 0.012

0.221 0.165 0.887 0.669 0.012

0.217 0.162 0.887 0.000 0.669 0.012

0.211 0.157 0.886 0.668 0.012

0.209 0.155 0.886 0.000 0.668 0.012

0.201 0.148 0.886 0.668 0.012

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Domestic Petro Fuel Prod EFpage 2 of 2 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
International Petroluem Fuel Production Emissions Factors

Crude Oil Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmB

International Conventional Crude Oil Production and Transport to International Refineries

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

3.766

2012 3.766 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2017 3.766 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2022 3.766 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000


f Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

 International Refineries

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

7.861 32.482 2.141 1.045 12.821 91.461 0.081

0.000 7.861 32.482 2.141 1.045 12.821 0.000 91.461 0.081

0.000 7.861 32.482 2.141 1.045 12.821 0.000 91.461 0.081

0.000 7.861 32.482 2.141 1.045 12.821 0.000 91.461 0.081


Conventional Gasoline Production Emission

Refinery Energy Use Upstream Emis

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC

4,117 6,063 7,132 17,607 15,575 0.602

4,117 6,063 7,132 17,607 15,575 2012 0.602

4,117 6,063 7,132 17,607 15,575 2017 0.602

4,117 6,063 7,132 17,607 15,575 2022 0.602

Refinery On-Site Emissions

Year VOC

2.560

2012 2.560

2017 2.560

2022 2.560

Fuel Transportation, Distribution, an

Year VOC

42.600

2012 42.600

2017 42.600

2022 42.600
Total Well-to-Tank Emissions

Year VOC

49.527

2012 49.527

2017 49.527

2022 49.527

Assumptions:

International Crude

Domestic Crude

Tar Sand

CA Crude

onal Gasoline Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Fin

y Energy Use Upstream Emissions

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO

0.872

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.872

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.872

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.872

y On-Site Emissions

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.475

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.475

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.475

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.475

ansportation, Distribution, and Storage Emissions

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO

0.139

1.110

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 1.110

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 1.110

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 1.110
ell-to-Tank Emissions

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 15.318

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.000 0.004 15.318

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.000 0.004 15.318

0.001 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.000 0.004 15.318

100.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

uel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

3.155 5.547 1.427 4.245 14.521 0.026 1,767 2,080

3.155 5.547 1.427 4.245 0.000 14.521 0.026 1,767 2,080

3.155 5.547 1.427 4.245 0.000 14.521 0.026 1,767 2,080

3.155 5.547 1.427 4.245 0.000 14.521 0.026 1,767 2,080

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

14.038 3.065 1.770 9.677 0.347 0.179 11,639 11,702

14.038 3.065 1.770 9.677 0.000 0.347 0.179 11,639 11,702

14.038 3.065 1.770 9.677 0.000 0.347 0.179 11,639 11,702

14.038 3.065 1.770 9.677 0.000 0.347 0.179 11,639 11,702

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

5.274 0.180 0.112 1.359 0.670 0.011 540 557

5.274 0.180 0.112 1.359 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557

5.274 0.180 0.112 1.359 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557

5.274 0.180 0.112 1.359 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557
NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

54.949 10.933 4.354 28.102 0.000 106.999 0.297 18,063 20,402

54.949 10.933 4.354 28.102 0.000 106.999 0.297 18,063 20,402

54.949 10.933 4.354 28.102 0.000 106.999 0.297 18,063 20,402

54.949 10.933 4.354 28.102 0.000 106.999 0.297 18,063 20,402

RFG Blendstock Gasoline Production Emissions / Energy Use: Em

Refinery Energy Use Upstream Emissions

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

0.627

0 0 0 2012 0.627 0.000 0.000

0 0 0 2017 0.627 0.000 0.000

0 0 0 2022 0.627 0.000 0.000

Refinery On-Site Emissions

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

32,665 57,288 88,809 2.584 0.001 0.000

32,665 57,288 88,809 2012 2.584 0.001 0.000

32,665 57,288 88,809 2017 2.584 0.001 0.000

32,665 57,288 88,809 2022 2.584 0.001 0.000

Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage Emission

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

313 805 5,671 42.600

313 805 5,671 2012 42.600 0.000 0.000

313 805 5,671 2017 42.600 0.000 0.000

313 805 5,671 2022 42.600 0.000 0.000
Total Well-to-Tank Emissions

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

40,109 75,700 110,055 49.576 0.001 0.000

40,109 75,700 110,055 2012 49.576 0.001 0.000

40,109 75,700 110,055 2017 49.576 0.001 0.000

40,109 75,700 110,055 2022 49.576 0.001 0.000

Assumptions:

International Crude 100.0%

Domestic Crude 0.0%

Tar Sand 0.0%

CA Crude 0.0%

missions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.908 3.286 5.778 1.486

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.908 3.286 5.778 1.486

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.908 3.286 5.778 1.486

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.908 3.286 5.778 1.486

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.662 14.575 3.181 1.838

0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.662 14.575 3.181 1.838

0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.662 14.575 3.181 1.838

0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 5.662 14.575 3.181 1.838

and Storage Emissions

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.139

1.138 5.410 0.185 0.115

0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 1.138 5.410 0.185 0.115

0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 1.138 5.410 0.185 0.115

0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 1.138 5.410 0.185 0.115
Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.000 0.026 0.000 0.004 15.570 55.753 11.286 4.484

0.000 0.105 0.000 0.004 15.570 55.753 11.286 4.484

0.000 0.105 0.000 0.004 15.570 55.753 11.286 4.484

0.000 0.105 0.000 0.004 15.570 55.753 11.286 4.484

of Finished Fuel 

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

4.422 15.127 0.027 1,841 2,167

4.422 0.000 15.127 0.027 1,841 2,167 0 0 0

4.422 0.000 15.127 0.027 1,841 2,167 0 0 0

4.422 0.000 15.127 0.027 1,841 2,167 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

9.922 0.361 0.187 12,117 12,183 34,029 59,680 92,517

9.922 0.000 0.361 0.187 12,117 12,183 34,029 59,680 92,517

9.922 0.000 0.361 0.187 12,117 12,183 34,029 59,680 92,517

9.922 0.000 0.361 0.187 12,117 12,183 34,029 59,680 92,517

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.394 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826 5,776

1.394 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826 5,776

1.394 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826 5,776

1.394 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826 5,776
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

28.560 0.000 107.637 0.306 18,628 20,984 41,481 78,113 113,868

28.560 0.000 107.637 0.306 18,628 20,984 41,481 78,113 113,868

28.560 0.000 107.637 0.306 18,628 20,984 41,481 78,113 113,868

28.560 0.000 107.637 0.306 18,628 20,984 41,481 78,113 113,868

Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, 

Refinery Energy Use Upstream Emissions

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

0.552

2012 0.552 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2017 0.552 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2022 0.552 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Refinery On-Site Emissions

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000

2012 2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000

2017 2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000

2022 2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000

Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage Emissions

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

0.139

1.350

2012 1.350 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000

2017 1.350 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000

2022 1.350 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000
Total Well-to-Tank Emissions

Year VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

8.178 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000

2012 8.178 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.000

2017 8.178 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.000

2022 8.178 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.000

Assumptions:

International Crude 100.0%

Domestic Crude 0.0%

Tar Sand 0.0%

CA Crude 0.0%

s per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.799 2.893 5.087 1.308 3.893 13.319 0.024

0.000 0.799 2.893 5.087 1.308 3.893 0.000 13.319 0.024

0.000 0.799 2.893 5.087 1.308 3.893 0.000 13.319 0.024

0.000 0.799 2.893 5.087 1.308 3.893 0.000 13.319 0.024

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.004 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187 0.318 0.164

0.004 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187 0.000 0.318 0.164

0.004 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187 0.000 0.318 0.164

0.004 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187 0.000 0.318 0.164

Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

1.090 5.202 0.178 0.109 1.195 0.692 0.012

0.000 1.090 5.202 0.178 0.109 1.195 0.000 0.692 0.012

0.000 1.090 5.202 0.178 0.109 1.195 0.000 0.692 0.012

0.000 1.090 5.202 0.178 0.109 1.195 0.000 0.692 0.012
Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.004 14.854 53.549 10.240 4.097 27.097 0.000 105.789 0.281

0.004 14.854 53.549 10.240 4.097 27.097 0.000 105.789 0.281

0.004 14.854 53.549 10.240 4.097 27.097 0.000 105.789 0.281

0.004 14.854 53.549 10.240 4.097 27.097 0.000 105.789 0.281

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1,621 1,908

1,621 1,908 0 0 0

1,621 1,908 0 0 0

1,621 1,908 0 0 0

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

10,688 10,746 29,960 52,544 81,455

10,688 10,746 29,960 52,544 81,455

10,688 10,746 29,960 52,544 81,455

10,688 10,746 29,960 52,544 81,455

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

498 516 323 832 5,055

498 516 323 832 5,055

498 516 323 832 5,055

498 516 323 832 5,055
CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

16,924 19,233 37,415 70,983 102,085

16,924 19,233 37,415 70,983 102,085

16,924 19,233 37,415 70,983 102,085

16,924 19,233 37,415 70,983 102,085
Domestic Agricultural Changes

2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Control Case minus Fuel-Specific Case)

On-Farm Combustion Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Diesel fuel 2.260 0.004 0.120 0.007 0.046

Gasoline -10.294 -0.051 -0.044 -0.004 -0.318

Natural Gas 1.026 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total -7.007 -0.046 0.076 0.003 -0.272

Fuel Production Upstream Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Diesel fuel 0.766 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003

Gasoline -0.709 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.002

Natural Gas 0.144 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Electricity -0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.201 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Nitrogen as N 86.321 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000

Phosphorous as P2O 0.680 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Potasium as K2O 0.736 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Limestone as CaCO3 0.654 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Herbicide 0.322 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

Pesticide 0.171 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 88.885 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001

On-Farm Non-Combustion Non-GHG Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Fugutive Dust & Field Burning 52.462 0.719 3.179 1.264 1.642

Herbicide Application

Pesticide Application 77.899 0.000 0.000 0.514 20.370

Fertilizer App NH3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Livestock PM & NH3

Total 130.361 0.719 3.179 1.778 22.013

On-Farm Non-combustion GHG Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Land Use Change

Livestock Changes

Fertilizer Application

Residue Burning

Rice Cultivation

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Domestic Agricultural Sector Emissions

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Total 212.439 0.673 3.256 1.782 21.742

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Domestic Ag Change page 1 of 17 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
2022

Total Domestic Land Use Change YEAR: 0 1 2 3

Tons CO2 for total 

cumulative gals EtOH -1,109,180.10

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Domestic Ag Change page 2 of 17 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.267 5.702 15.647 0.754 0.732 0.039 0.067

0.000 -0.085 -335.560 -5.235 -0.305 -0.280 -0.634 -0.040

0.000 0.000 8.547 24.958 0.138 0.138 0.007 0.000

0.000 0.182 -321.312 35.370 0.588 0.589 -0.588 0.026

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.003 1.297 4.276 0.999 0.395 2.198 0.000

0.000 -0.001 -0.590 -1.992 -0.453 -0.180 -1.008 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.196 0.560 0.021 0.013 0.288 0.000

0.000 0.000 -0.001 -0.006 -0.008 -0.002 -0.011 0.000

0.000 0.002 0.901 2.839 0.560 0.226 1.467 0.000

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.649 81.332 48.281 12.930 6.702 25.32 0.000

0.000 0.004 2.320 13.204 3.156 1.938 117.24 0.000

0.000 0.003 2.632 11.230 3.846 1.357 8.20 0.000

0.000 0.005 2.323 7.393 5.282 1.764 8.40 0.000

0.000 0.004 1.203 4.228 2.078 0.950 3.99 0.000

0.000 0.002 0.664 1.920 0.851 0.405 1.12 0.000

0.000 0.667 90.474 86.255 28.143 13.116 164.26 0.000

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 7.308 600.60 18.698 746.691 167.43 5.755 6.973

0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 742.717

-2.914 -0.291 435.106

0.000 7.308 600.60 18.698 743.778 167.14 5.755 1184.795

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 8.159 370.666 143.162 773.068 181.074 170.889 1184.822

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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

-28.62 -28.62 -28.62 -28.62 -28.62 -0.81

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CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.056 0.082 7,047 7,074 0 0 89,247

-0.095 -0.040 -2,798 -2,812 0 0 -36,240

8.371 0.034 1,335 1,521 0 22,689 0

8.332 0.076 5,583 5,782 0 22,689 53,007

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

9.241 0.022 1,343 1,543 3,403 6,942 8,803

-4.057 -0.010 -629 -717 -1,535 -3,384 -4,011

4.455 0.002 119 213 54 1,470 97

-0.007 0.000 -5 -5 -40 -13 -2

9.632 0.013 827 1,034 1,882 5,014 4,888

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

37.329 21.094 31,374 38,698 36,345 526,144 22,617

2.952 0.030 1,636 1,708 4,626 10,252 6,288

5.395 0.053 3,647 3,776 16,697 13,117 13,105

7.266 0.064 7,727 7,900 23,985 18,624 13,597

3.461 0.027 2,389 2,470 6,447 8,289 14,472

1.471 0.012 1,001 1,035 2,858 3,529 6,054

57.874 21.281 47,774 55,587 90,958 579,955 76,134

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

572.381 12,020

9.597 2,975

780 780

208.571 4,380

780.952 9.597 780 20,155 0 0 0

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

856.791 30.967 54,965 82,558 92,840 607,658 134,028

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12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

-0.81 -0.81 -0.81 -0.81 -16.92 -16.92 -16.92 -16.92

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20 21 22 23 24 25 26

-16.92 -5.81 -5.81 -5.81 -5.81 -5.81 3.53

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27 28 29 30

3.53 3.53 3.53 3.53

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Domestic Biofuel Feedstock Transport Changes

2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Conrol minus Fuel-Specific Case)

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene AcetaldehydeAcrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO

Corn Used for Ethanol 3.01E+00 1.83E-03 8.66E-02 1.05E-02 3.16E-02 0.00E+00 2.35E-01 3.70E+00

Soybeans / Oil Used for Fuel 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

DDGS Produced 6.48E-02 3.95E-05 1.87E-03 2.27E-04 6.80E-04 0.00E+00 5.07E-03 8.52E-02

Cellulosic Feedstock 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

B&CTL Feedstock 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Total 3.070 0.002 0.088 0.011 0.032 0.000 0.240 3.789

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NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

9.88E+00 1.76E+00 7.41E-01 4.64E+00 0.00E+00 1.95E+01 4.87E-01 17304 17864 6017 11560 202623

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0

2.29E-01 4.37E-02 1.82E-02 1.19E-01 0.00E+00 4.99E-01 1.14E-02 443 457 145 280 5014

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0

10.105 1.805 0.759 4.755 0.000 19.983 0.498 17747 18321 6163 11840 207637

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Domestic Biofuel Production Changes

Biofuel production energy use (Control minus Fuel-Specific Case)

Inputs (from GREET/EPA Modeling) 2022 Plant Energy Balance (Btu/ga

NG Use

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG - No CHP, 92% Wet DG 17,341

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG 19,497

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

 - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

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2022

2 Plant Energy Balance (Btu/gal Produced) Bgal

Coal Use Biogas Use Diesel Fuel Use Purchased Elec Sold Elec

Other Inputs 

(kg/gal)

Reference 

Case Policy Case Difference

2,235 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

508 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

21,676 2,675 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

25,126 203 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

17,341 2,235 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

19,497 508 0.3 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

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0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

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2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) Deltas (Control minus Fuel-Specific Case)

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 439.560 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 208.791 604.395 241.758 21.919

Upstream 15.505 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 28.372 92.243 72.204 19.512

Total 455.065 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 237.163 696.638 313.962 41.431

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 439.560 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 208.791 604.395 241.758 22.649

Upstream 13.369 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 19.884 59.310 17.883 5.308

Total 452.929 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 228.675 663.705 259.641 27.957

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

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Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill NG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 439.560 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 208.791 604.395 241.758 111.323

Upstream 23.664 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 22.267 93.823 488.594 122.791

Total 463.224 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 231.058 698.218 730.352 234.114

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 439.560 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 208.791 604.395 241.758 126.488

Upstream 21.557 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.444 44.581 474.872 118.299

Total 461.117 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 217.235 648.976 716.630 244.787

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

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Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Coal

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas - No CHP, 92% Wet DG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 439.560 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 208.791 604.395 241.758 28.107

Upstream 4.531 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 13.395 49.497 70.563 18.538

Total 444.091 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 222.186 653.892 312.321 46.646

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Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas - Yes CHP, 92% Wet DG

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 439.560 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 208.791 604.395 241.758 29.607

Upstream 1.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.045 11.250 16.039 4.214

Total 440.590 0.000 25.655 1.110 0.837 181.898 4.414 211.836 615.645 257.797 33.821

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 14 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Sorghum Ethanol – Dry Mill Biogas

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

On-Site 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Upstream 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 15 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

769.230 0.000 1.906 1.906 101895 102526 0 1732366 0

121.215 0.000 404.280 0.775 56623 65353 365965 231727 21246

890.445 0.000 406.186 2.681 158518 167879 365965 1964093 21246

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

769.230 0.000 2.143 2.143 114564 115273 0 1947750 0

47.298 0.000 397.029 0.309 21017 29450 86913 153338 11495

816.528 0.000 399.171 2.452 135581 144723 86913 2101088 11495

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 16 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

769.230 0.000 8.662 2.165 232392 233245 2165436 0 0

135.770 0.000 334.857 0.819 60491 67777 441244 146878 46999

905.000 0.000 343.519 2.985 292883 301022 2606681 146878 46999

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

769.230 0.000 10.040 2.510 269379 270368 2510091 0 0

28.761 0.000 305.024 0.137 8480 14928 42381 15314 36568

797.991 0.000 315.064 2.647 277860 285297 2552472 15314 36568

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 17 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

769.230 0.000 1.906 1.906 0 631 0 0 0

99.201 0.000 64.117 0.627 47541 49082 361805 119504 13814

868.431 0.000 66.023 2.533 47541 49712 361805 119504 13814

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 18 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

769.230 0.000 2.143 2.143 0 709 0 0 0

22.548 0.000 14.573 0.143 10806 11156 82236 27162 3140

791.778 0.000 16.716 2.285 10806 11865 82236 27162 3140

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 19 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy Petroleum Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0

EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542-DRAFT-0418.xls: Dom Biofuel Prod Change page 20 of 20 printed 6/4/2012 2:08 PM
Domestic Renewable Fuel Transportation and Distribution Changes

Grams of emissions or fuel use per mmBtu of fuel transported (Control minus Fuel Specific Case)

Change volumes in Fuel Volumes sheet

For Domestic Use

Corn Ethanol bgal

Cellulsic Ethanol bgal

Biodiesel bgal

Renewable Diesel bgal

FT Diesel bgal

Imported Ethanol bgal

Transportation Mode Assumptions

Miles (One-way)

Corn Ethanol Corn Ethanol

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Local 

Truck

2012 520 600 800 80 -

2017 520 600 800 80 -

2022 336.2 0.0 629.1 67.9 6.5

Cellulosic Ethanol

 Ocean Local 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

 Local 

Truck 

2012 520 600 800 80 -

2017 520 600 800 80 -

2022 336.2 0.0 629.1 67.9 6.5

Biodiesel

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

 Local 

Truck 

2012 520 400 800 50 -

2017 520 400 800 50 -

2022 520 400 800 50 -

Renewable Diesel

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

 Local 

Truck 

2012 520 400 800 50 -

2017 520 400 800 50 -

2022 520 400 800 50 -
FT Diesel

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

 Local 

Truck 

2012 5,000 520 400 800 30 -

2017 5,000 520 400 800 30 -

2022 5,000 520 400 800 30 -

Imported Ethanol (U.S. transport only)

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

 Local 

Truck 

2012 7,416 520 600 800 100 -

2017 7,416 520 600 800 100 -

2022 7,416 336.2 0.0 629.1 67.9 6.5

Energy Consumption and Emissions from Fuel Transportation (Updated for GREET1_8c_0)

Feedstock/Fuel Transportation ModeDistance (Miles, one-way) Energy Consumption: Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported Total energy Fossil energy Coal Natural gas

Ocean Tanker 5,000 9,222 9,200 165 447

Barge 520 11,192 11,166 201 543

Pipeline 400 3,288 3,226 309 895

Rail 800 11,484 11,468 133 6,981

Truck 30 1,954 1,949 49 119

Truck 30 1,954 1,949 49 119

Ocean Tanker 7,416 11,622 11,595 208 564

Barge 520 17,959 17,917 322 871

Pipeline 600 7,915 7,765 744 1,172

FT Diesel

Pipeline 600 7,915 7,765 744 1,172

Rail 800 15,056 15,014 379 914

Truck 100 10,454 10,424 263 635

Truck 30 3,136 3,127 79 190

Barge 520 12,898 12,868 231 625

Pipeline 400 3,790 3,718 356 1,031

Rail 800 10,813 10,783 272 657

Truck 50 3,754 3,743 94 228

Truck 30 2,252 2,246 57 137

Barge 520 17,959 17,917 322 871

Pipeline 600 7,915 7,765 744 1,172

Rail 800 15,056 15,014 379 914

Truck 80 8,363 8,340 210 508

Truck 30 3,136 3,127 79 190

Barge 520 11,006 10,980 197 534

Pipeline 400 3,234 3,173 304 880

Rail 800 9,227 9,201 232 560

Truck 50 3,203 3,194 81 194

Truck 30 1,922 1,916 48 117

Toxic Fractions of exhaust VOC

Renewable Diesel

Imported Ethanol (U.S. 

Transport and Ocean 

Voyage Only)

Biodiesel

U.S. Produced Ethanol
Mode Source 1,3-ButadieneAcetaldehydeAcrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Rail

Diesel 

Locomotive 0.003247 0.018786 0.003124 0.0025875 0.043287

Barge

Marine Diesel -- 

Distillate 0.00061 0.074298 0.0035 0.020344 0.1496

Ocean Tanker Residual Boiler 0 0.003858 0 0.0001654 0.026457

Truck HDD Trucks 0.00061 0.0288 0.0035 0.0105 0.0782

Pipeline

Natural Gas 

Turbines 0 0.019048 0.003048 0.0057143 0.338095
Preliminary

2022

FuelSpecific 

Case

Control 

Case Difference

0.30 0.20 0.10

0.00 16.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

1.00 1.00 0.00

3.14 3.14 0.00

Percentage of Fuel Transported by A Given Mode

Truck 

(Distributi

on)

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Local Truck

Truck 

(Distributio

n)

30 0% 10% 0% 60% 30% 0% 100%

30 0% 10% 0% 60% 30% 0% 100%

30 0% 11.7% 0.0% 76.8% 17.3% 83.3% 100%

Truck 

(Distributi Ocean 

Truck 

(Distributio

on) tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Local Truck

(Distributio

n)

30 0% 10% 0% 60% 30% 0% 100%

30 0% 10% 0% 60% 30% 0% 100%

30 0% 11.7% 0.0% 76.8% 17.3% 83.3% 100%

Truck 

(Distributi

on)

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Local Truck

Truck 

(Distributio

n)

30 0% 5% 0% 45% 50% 0% 100%

30 0% 5% 0% 45% 50% 0% 100%

30 0% 5% 0% 45% 50% 0% 100%

Truck 

(Distributi

on)

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Local Truck

Truck 

(Distributio

n)

30 0% 5% 0% 45% 50% 0% 100%

30 0% 5% 0% 45% 50% 0% 100%

30 0% 5% 0% 45% 50% 0% 100%
Truck 

(Distributi

on)

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Local Truck

Truck 

(Distributio

n)

30 0% 6% 87% 7% 0% 100%

30 0% 6% 87% 7% 0% 100%

30 0% 6% 87% 7% 0% 100%

Truck 

(Distributi

on)

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Local Truck

Truck 

(Distributio

n)

30 100% 10% 0% 60% 30% 0% 100%

30 100% 10% 0% 60% 30% 0% 100%

30 0% 11.7% 0.0% 76.8% 17.3% 83.3% 100%

GREET1_8c_0) VOC, CO, NOx, PM, SOx, etc. need to vary by year: See new tables below.

Petroleum Total Emissions VOC 1,3-ButadieneAcetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

8,588 0.816 0.0000 0.0031 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0216

10,423 0.467 0.0003 0.0347 0.0016 0.0095 0.0000 0.0698

2,023 0.114 0.0000 0.0022 0.0003 0.0007 0.0000 0.0385

4,354 0.670 0.0022 0.0126 0.0021 0.0017 0.0000 0.0290

1,781 0.062 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0049

1,781 0.062 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0049

10,823 1.029 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0272

16,725 0.749 0.0005 0.0557 0.0026 0.0152 0.0000 0.1121

5,849 0.274 0.0000 0.0052 0.0008 0.0016 0.0000 0.0927

13,721 1.042 0.0034 0.0196 0.0033 0.0027 0.0000 0.0451

9,527 0.334 0.0002 0.0096 0.0012 0.0035 0.0000 0.0261

2,858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

12,011 0.538 0.0003 0.0400 0.0019 0.0109 0.0000 0.0805

2,331 0.131 0.0000 0.0025 0.0004 0.0008 0.0000 0.0444

9,854 0.748 0.0024 0.0141 0.0023 0.0019 0.0000 0.0324

3,421 0.120 0.0001 0.0035 0.0004 0.0013 0.0000 0.0094

2,053 0.072 0.0000 0.0021 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0056

16,725 0.749 0.0005 0.0557 0.0026 0.0152 0.0000 0.1121

5,849 0.274 0.0000 0.0052 0.0008 0.0016 0.0000 0.0927

13,721 1.042 0.0034 0.0196 0.0033 0.0027 0.0000 0.0451

7,621 0.267 0.0002 0.0077 0.0009 0.0028 0.0000 0.0209

2,858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

10,249 0.459 0.0003 0.0341 0.0016 0.0093 0.0000 0.0687

1,989 0.112 0.0000 0.0021 0.0003 0.0006 0.0000 0.0379

8,409 0.638 0.0021 0.0120 0.0020 0.0017 0.0000 0.0276

2,919 0.102 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0080

1,751 0.061 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0006 0.0000 0.0048
Formaldehyde
2012

Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) 

Source

Corn Ethanol

Cellulsic Ethanol

Biodiesel

Renewable Diesel

FT Diesel

Imported Ethanol

FUEL TRANSPORT (to terminal, exh

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel t
CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2

3.605 20.605 0.647 0.470 12.394 0.848 0.018 774

1.275 10.779 0.315 0.153 2.843 1.004 0.022 946

0.574 2.449 0.099 0.051 0.492 0.472 0.006 256

1.849 12.525 0.378 0.327 0.235 1.210 0.017 778

0.274 0.815 0.027 0.018 0.042 0.174 0.004 153

0.274 0.815 0.027 0.018 0.042 0.174 0.004 153

4.543 25.969 0.816 0.592 15.621 1.069 0.022 976

2.045 17.297 0.506 0.246 4.562 1.611 0.035 1518

1.382 5.895 0.239 0.123 1.185 1.137 0.014 615

2.878 19.890 0.561 0.454 0.356 1.370 0.028 1175

1.465 4.362 0.146 0.097 0.222 0.929 0.020 818

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245

1.469 12.422 0.363 0.176 3.277 1.157 0.025 1090

0.661 2.823 0.115 0.059 0.567 0.545 0.007 295

2.067 14.285 0.403 0.326 0.256 0.984 0.020 844

0.526 1.566 0.052 0.035 0.080 0.334 0.007 294

0.316 0.940 0.031 0.021 0.048 0.200 0.004 176

2.045 17.297 0.506 0.246 4.562 1.611 0.035 1518

1.382 5.895 0.239 0.123 1.185 1.137 0.014 615

2.878 19.890 0.561 0.454 0.356 1.370 0.028 1175

1.172 3.489 0.116 0.078 0.178 0.743 0.016 654

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245

1.253 10.600 0.310 0.151 2.796 0.987 0.021 930

0.564 2.408 0.098 0.050 0.484 0.465 0.006 251

1.764 12.189 0.344 0.278 0.218 0.839 0.017 720

0.449 1.336 0.045 0.030 0.068 0.285 0.006 251

0.269 0.802 0.027 0.018 0.041 0.171 0.004 150

issions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu)

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

EL TRANSPORT (to terminal, exhaust emissions only)

ms/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Corn 

Ethanol

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

2012 13338 13302 322 788 12191 0.780 0.0021

2017 13338 13302 322 788 12191 0.780 0.0021

2022 12248 12214 298 727 11189 0.743 0.0021

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Cellulosic 

Ethanol

Total Fossil Natural 1,3-

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

2012 13338 13302 322 788 12191 0.780 0.0021

2017 13338 13302 322 788 12191 0.780 0.0021

2022 12248 12214 298 727 11189 0.743 0.0021

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Biodiesel Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

2012 7388 7367 181 441 6745 0.424 0.0011

2017 7388 7367 181 441 6745 0.424 0.0011

2022 7388 7367 181 441 6745 0.424 0.0011

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Renewabl

e Diesel

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

2012 6304 6286 155 376 5756 0.361 0.0010

2017 6304 6286 155 376 5756 0.361 0.0010

2022 6304 6286 155 376 5756 0.361 0.0010
grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

FT Diesel Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

2012 4336 4280 290 1300 2690 0.174 0.0002

2017 4336 4280 290 1300 2690 0.174 0.0002

2022 4336 4280 290 1300 2690 0.174 0.0002

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Imported 

Ethanol 

(U.S. 

transport 

only)

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

2012 25588 25522 547 1390 23586 1.829 0.0021

2017 25588 25522 547 1390 23586 1.829 0.0021

2022 12248 12214 298 727 11189 0.743 0.0021

Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.0196 0.0025 0.0040 0.0000 0.0445 2.283 14.711 0.422 0.320

0.0196 0.0025 0.0040 0.0000 0.0445 2.283 14.711 0.422 0.320

0.0177 0.0024 0.0034 0.0000 0.0402 2.144 14.071 0.402 0.309

Acetaldeh Formalde

yde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.0196 0.0025 0.0040 0.0000 0.0445 2.283 14.711 0.422 0.320

0.0196 0.0025 0.0040 0.0000 0.0445 2.283 14.711 0.422 0.320

0.0177 0.0024 0.0034 0.0000 0.0402 2.144 14.071 0.402 0.309

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

 0.01 0.00 0.00 - 0.0233 1.267 7.832 0.226 0.173

 0.01 0.00 0.00 - 0.0233 1.267 7.832 0.226 0.173

 0.01 0.00 0.00 - 0.0233 1.267 7.832 0.226 0.173

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.0086 0.0012 0.0017 0.0000 0.0199 1.081 6.683 0.193 0.148

0.0086 0.0012 0.0017 0.0000 0.0199 1.081 6.683 0.193 0.148

0.0086 0.0012 0.0017 0.0000 0.0199 1.081 6.683 0.193 0.148
Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.0049 0.0005 0.0013 0.0000 0.0397 0.705 3.654 0.132 0.077

0.0049 0.0005 0.0013 0.0000 0.0397 0.705 3.654 0.132 0.077

0.0049 0.0005 0.0013 0.0000 0.0397 0.705 3.654 0.132 0.077

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.0242 0.0026 0.0044 0.0000 0.0733 6.914 40.941 1.247 0.918

0.0242 0.0026 0.0044 0.0000 0.0733 6.914 40.941 1.247 0.918

0.0177 0.0024 0.0034 0.0000 0.0402 2.144 14.071 0.402 0.309

2017

Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu)

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Source

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0 0 0 0 Corn Ethanol 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 Cellulsic Ethanol 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 Biodiesel 0 0 0 0

0 0.0 0 0 Renewable Diesel 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 FT Diesel 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 Imported Ethanol 0 0 0 0

FUEL DISTRIBUTION (from terminal, just exhaust, all by truck)

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Corn 

Ethanol

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

0.723 1.206 0.025 1053 1086 2012 3136 3127 79

0.723 1.206 0.025 1053 1086 2017 3136 3127 79

0.599 1.109 0.023 965 995 2022 3136 3127 79

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

Cellulosi

c Ethanol

Total Fossil 

SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. c Ethanol

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

0.723 1.206 0.025 1053 1086 2012 3136 3127 79

0.723 1.206 0.025 1053 1086 2017 3136 3127 79

0.599 1.109 0.023 965 995 2022 3136 3127 79

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Biodiesel Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

0.319 0.667 0.014 581 599 2012 2252 2246 57

0.319 0.667 0.014 581 599 2017 2252 2246 57

0.319 0.667 0.014 581 599 2022 2252 2246 57

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Renewabl

e Diesel

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

0.272 0.569 0.012 496 511 2012 1922 1916 48

0.272 0.569 0.012 496 511 2017 1922 1916 48

0.272 0.569 0.012 496 511 2022 1922 1916 48
grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

FT Diesel Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

0.615 0.556 0.008 334 348 2012 1954 1949 49

0.615 0.556 0.008 334 348 2017 1954 1949 49

0.615 0.556 0.008 334 348 2022 1954 1949 49

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Imported 

Ethanol 

(U.S. 

transport 

only)

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

16.357 2.330 0.049 2078 2142 2012 3136 3127 79

16.357 2.330 0.049 2078 2142 2017 3136 3127 79

0.599 1.109 0.023 965 995 2022 3136 3127 79

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0

aust, all by truck)

3 4 5 6 7 8

Natural 

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

uel distributed

Natural Petroleu

1,3-

Natural Butadien Acetalde Formalde

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

uel distributed

Natural 

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

137 2053 0.072 0.0000 0.0021 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0056

137 2053 0.072 0.0000 0.0021 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0056

137 2053 0.072 0.0000 0.0021 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0056

uel distributed

Natural 

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

117 1751 0.061 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0006 0.0000 0.0048

117 1751 0.061 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0006 0.0000 0.0048

117 1751 0.061 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0006 0.0000 0.0048
uel distributed

Natural 

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

119 1781 0.062 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0049

119 1781 0.062 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0049

119 1781 0.062 0.0000 0.0018 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0049

uel distributed

Natural 

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

190 2858 0.100 0.0001 0.0029 0.0004 0.0011 0.0000 0.0078

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.316 0.940 0.031 0.021 0.048 0.200 0.004 176 182

0.316 0.940 0.031 0.021 0.048 0.200 0.004 176 182

0.316 0.940 0.031 0.021 0.048 0.200 0.004 176 182

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.269 0.802 0.027 0.018 0.041 0.171 0.004 150 155

0.269 0.802 0.027 0.018 0.041 0.171 0.004 150 155

0.269 0.802 0.027 0.018 0.041 0.171 0.004 150 155
CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.274 0.815 0.027 0.018 0.042 0.174 0.004 153 158

0.274 0.815 0.027 0.018 0.042 0.174 0.004 153 158

0.274 0.815 0.027 0.018 0.042 0.174 0.004 153 158

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

0.439 1.309 0.044 0.029 0.067 0.279 0.006 245 253

2022

Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu)

Source

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadien

e

Acetalde

hyde

Corn Ethanol 116800 116476 2862 6965 106649 37 0.02 0.17

Cellulsic Ethanol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00

Biodiesel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00

Renewable Diesel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00

FT Diesel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00

Imported Ethanol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00


Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.02 0.04 30 0.40 22 128 4 3 6

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0


CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

11 0 9187 9477

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0
International Agricultural Changes

2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Control minus Fuel-Specific Case)

Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

Nitrogen as N 25.839 0.000 0.000 0.000

Phosphorous as P2O 0.840 0.000 0.000 0.000

Potasium as K2O 0.139 0.000 0.000 0.000

Herbicide 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000

Pesticide 0.074 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 26.922 0.000 0.000 0.000

On-Farm Non-combustion GHG Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

Fertilizer Application

Rice Cultivation

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

International Ag Sector Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

Livestock Changes - Canada

Livestock Changes - Western Europe

Livestock Changes - Eastern Europe

Livestock Changes - Oceania

Livestock Changes - Latin America

Livestock Changes - Asia

Livestock Changes - Africa and Middle East

Livestock Changes - Indian Subcontinent

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Fuel-Specific Case)

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.000 0.194 24.346 14.452 3.870 2.006 7.578 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.005 2.865 16.302 3.897 2.393 144.742 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.001 0.498 2.125 0.728 0.257 1.552 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.111 0.390 0.192 0.088 0.368 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.001 0.287 0.830 0.368 0.175 0.482 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.201 28.106 34.099 9.055 4.918 154.72 0.000

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Benzene Ethyl Benzene Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

11.174 6.314 9391.629 11,584 0 0 0

3.645 0.037 2020.083 2,108 0 0 0

1.021 0.010 690.092 715 0 0 0

0.319 0.002 220.514 228 0 0 0

0.635 0.005 432.309 447 0 0 0

16.795 6.369 12,755 15,082 0 0 0

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.000 0

208.571 4,380

208.571 0.000 0 4,380 0 0 0

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-109.724 -1.255 -2693

7.216 0.193 211

-224.942 -2.689 -5557

-15.456 -0.398 -448

150.963 3.184 4157

-112.227 -4.026 -3605

-36.508 -1.479 -1225

108.259 1.054 2600

-232.420 -5.418 0.000 -6560 0.000 0.000 0.000