I 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 6016 

To improve coordination between the Department of Energy and the National 

Science Foundation on activities carried out under the National Quantum 

Initiative Program, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

OCTOBER 20, 2023 

Mr. OBERNOLTE (for himself and Mr. MULLIN) introduced the following bill 

OCTOBER 25, 2023 

Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 

A BILL 

To improve coordination between the Department of Energy 

and the National Science Foundation on activities carried 

out under the National Quantum Initiative Program, 

and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. COORDINATION BETWEEN DEPARTMENT OF 

2 ENERGY AND NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDA3 TION ON ACTIVITIES UNDER NATIONAL 

4 QUANTUM INITIATIVE. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 102 of the National 

6 Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812) is amended— 

7 (1) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub8 section (d); and 

9 (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol10 lowing: 

11 ‘‘(c) LIAISON BETWEEN DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

12 AND NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—The Director of 

13 the Coordination Office shall appoint a member of the 

14 staff of the Coordination Office to serve as a liaison be15 tween the Department of Energy and the National Science 

16 Foundation to ensure the coordination, and avoid unneces17 sary duplication, of the Department and the Foundation 

18 activities under the Program.’’. 

19 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con20 gress that activities and research carried out by the De21 partment of Energy and the National Science Foundation 

22 should include, to the extent practicable, all quantum in23 formation science technologies, as well as critical quan24 tum-enabling technologies, including— 

25 (1) gate-based quantum computing; 

26 (2) annealing-based quantum computing; 


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1 (3) quantum bit (qubit) technologies, including 

2 those based on— 

3 (A) topological materials; 

4 (B) photons; 

5 (C) trapped ions; 

6 (D) neutral atoms; 

7 (E) silicon; 

8 (F) superconducting devices; and 

9 (G) any other viable quantum technology; 

10 and 

11 (4) quantum-enabling technologies, including— 

12 (A) single photon sources; 

13 (B) lasers; 

14 (C) radio frequency, microwave, and other 

15 electronics; 

16 (D) electron spin; 

17 (E) cryogenic technologies; 

18 (F) low-disorder or low-defect materials de19 velopment and fabrication; and 

20 (G) any other critical enabling technology. 

21 SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF MANUFACTURING USA INSTI22 TUTE FOR QUANTUM MANUFACTURING. 

23 (a) DEFINITION OF MANUFACTURING USA INSTI24 TUTE.—In this section, the term ‘‘Manufacturing USA in25 stitute’’ has the meaning given such term in section 34(d) 


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1 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 

2 (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)). 

3 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF MANUFACTURING USA IN4 STITUTE.—The Secretary of Commerce, acting through 

5 the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 

6 Technology, and in consultation with the Secretary of En7 ergy, shall— 

8 (1) determine the manufacturing capabilities 

9 necessary to produce reliable quantum components 

10 and systems at scale and the gaps in access to such 

11 capabilities; and 

12 (2) establish, or award financial assistance, 

13 under section 34(e)(1) of the National Institute of 

14 Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 

15 278s(e)(1)) to plan, establish, or support, a Manu16 facturing USA institute that— 

17 (A) provides an end-to-end manufacturing 

18 ecosystem addressing quantum computing, 

19 quantum sensing, and quantum communication; 

20 (B) includes within the end-to-end eco21 system provided pursuant to paragraph (1) the 

22 capability to design, fabricate, and test mate23 rials, devices, structures, and manufacturing 

24 processes for quantum technologies or systems, 

25 as well as the capacity to develop and create 


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1 jobs for a coordinated advanced manufacturing 

2 and quantum engineering workforce; 

3 (C) provides access to prototyping, both at 

4 research scale and commercial scale, for re5 searchers and developers working on quantum 

6 component technologies and systems and manu7 facturing process innovations to facilitate the 

8 transition into scalable, cost-effective, and high9 performing manufacturing capabilities; 

10 (D) supports the development of a resilient 

11 quantum supply chain with an emphasis on key 

12 components and supply from allies of the 

13 United States, that enables quantum tech14 nologies, and increases the domestic production 

15 of goods critical to national security and eco16 nomic competitiveness; and 

17 (E) supports development of a workforce 

18 with skills relevant to manufacture of quantum 

19 components and systems. 

20 SEC. 3. STUDIES RELATING TO NATIONAL QUANTUM INI21 TIATIVE PROGRAM. 

22 (a) INDEPENDENT STUDY ON PROGRESS MADE BY

23 NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.— 

24 (1) AGREEMENT.—The Director of the Office of 

25 Science and Technology Policy shall seek to enter 


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1 into an agreement with the National Academies of 

2 Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (in this sub3 section the ‘‘National Academies’’) to perform the 

4 services covered by this section. 

5 (2) INDEPENDENT STUDY.—Under an agree6 ment between the Director and the National Acad7 emies under this subsection, the National Academies 

8 shall carry out an independent study to assess the 

9 progress made by the National Quantum Initiative 

10 Program in achieving the purposes set forth under 

11 section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

12 U.S.C. 8802) and the goals of the Program, includ13 ing with respect to sensing, communications, com14 puting, and workforce development for near-term de15 velopment and quantum applications. 

16 (b) STUDY ON IMPEDIMENTS TO COLLABORATION

17 UNDER NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.— 

18 (1) STUDY AND REPORT.—Not later than 180 

19 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

20 consortium convened by the Director of the National 

21 Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to 

22 section 201(b)(1) of the National Quantum Initiative 

23 Act (15 U.S.C. 8831(b)(1)) shall— 

24 (A) conduct a study— 


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1 (i) on the impediments to collabora2 tion under the National Quantum Initia3 tive Program implemented pursuant to sec4 tion 101(a) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 

5 8811(a)) between Multidisciplinary Centers 

6 for Quantum Research and Education es7 tablished under section 302(a) of such Act 

8 (15 U.S.C. 8842(a)), National Quantum 

9 Information Science Research Centers es10 tablished and operated pursuant to section 

11 402(a)(1) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 

12 8852(a)(1)), industry, and academia; and 

13 (ii) to develop recommendations for 

14 legislative action to eliminate or mitigate 

15 such impediments; and 

16 (B) submit to the Committee on Com17 merce, Science, and Transportation of the Sen18 ate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 

19 Technology of the House of Representatives a 

20 report on the findings of the consortium with 

21 respect to the study conducted pursuant to 

22 paragraph (1). 

23 (2) CONTENTS.—The report submitted under 

24 paragraph (1)(B) shall include the following: 


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1 (A) An overview of the current state of re2 search being conducted under the National 

3 Quantum Initiative Program. 

4 (B) A breakdown of the funding under the 

5 Program for near-term quantum applications 

6 development, disaggregated by different quan7 tum technologies, including computing (anneal8 ing and gate-model with the different types of 

9 qubit technologies), sensing, communication, 

10 and networking. 

11 (C) Identification of potential risks in the 

12 research funded under the Program. 

Æ 


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