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OAR Box 1413 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

23) 11-1-23 

Docket Number: 

A-94-52 

Printed 7/9/2008 3:11:21 PM Sheet 23 of 114 
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A-B4-62 

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June 1995| 

Li* < 

Volume 39 Number 6 ISSN 0034-3617 Published by Elsevier 

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Focus on France 

Glass makers' strategy for Europe 

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DSM halves styrene emissions with Insert 

STYRENE emissions during hand-lay and spray-up 

applications can be cut in 

half thanks to new technology from DSM Resins. 

Open moulding contributes to the main source 

of styrene emission in 

glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) processing. During the application_olgelcoat 70-80 g/m2

 of_styr-

.e_ne__can evaporate (10- .-

J_23£L_j_£jhe__jotal_emis- ' 

SiQQs). Standard low styrene emission (LSE) resins 

contain film forming additives which reduce emissions. However, these 

resins are only effective 

during the static or curing 

phase. The_amo_unt_of 

stj*rej-__L_jjdeased._d_urjng 

t h e dynamic phases, 

"Spraying j^jx_lHng_i>ut, 

remains' the—same. It is 

-dnfing^these stages that 

considerable emissions 

occur. DSM, therefore, 

set out to reduce styrene 

during the dynamic phase 

and says that it has accomplished this through chemical modification of the 

resin. The resulting resins 

launched at JEC are called 

Insert, an acronym for 

INtrinsic Styrene Emission Reduction Technology. These make use of 

proprietary formulation 

technology which lowers 

styrene emission. Modifications made inside the 

resin result in lower styrene content compared 

with standard LSE resins, 

says DSM. 

The new Insert series, 

called Synolite 5500, currently includes three 

grades. Synolite 5520-1-1 

is a pre-accelerated nonthixotiopic version. Synolite 5520-E-l is a preaccelerated non-thixotropic LSE resin which makes 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

Styrene emiuion (%) 

HuSHtf!. 

D Curing 

ESConiolidation 

S Spray pbaie 

lunoara lie 5520-M 5520-P-l 

Styrene emission during spray up. 

use of the Insert technology and standard film 

forming additives to reduce styrene emission 

throughout the entire fabrication process. The 

workhorse of the series 

is expected to be Synolite 

5520-P-l, a pre-accelerated thixotropic LSE resin. Othe r than the 

styrene content, the properties of this resin are said 

to be between low and 

mediu m reactiv e 

orthophthalic resins. No 

concessions are made in 

mechanical properties, 

and shrinkage on curing 

is 1.5-2% less than with 

standard ortho versions. 

To demonstrate the 

styrene emission characteristics of its resins, DSM 

points to the results of a 

comparison made between a standard sprayup ortho resin with and 

without an LSE system and 

Synolite-P-1 and Synolite-I1. Measurements were 

carried out during the 

construction.^ a 4ami-. 

nate~by measuring the 

styrene concentrations^ 

^Tifi~a~photojonl2aTion 

dJtec^_in]jEeIIixEiuit_ 

duct. The process was 

divided into three steps: 

the cumulative spraying 

operation; the total time 

of consolidation; and die 

laminate curing. The figure represents these measurements graphically. 

What can be seen is that 

Synolite-P-1 produces 50% 

less styrene emission than 

both the standard and LSE 

ortho resin during the 

spraying operation. During laminate curing, the 

styrene emission of 

Synolite-P-1 is comparable to that of the standard ortho LSE resin. 

Synolite-I-1 also gives a 

50% reduction in emission during spraying but 

has a somewhat higher 

emission during curing 

because of the absence of 

a conventional LSE systen 

DSM is so sure of it 

technology, itjs_willing t< 

perform styrene emissioi 

mjgasurements at its cus 

tomers premises. JTit 

price of the new resin; 

will be some 15% higher 

than standard orth c 

grades, which is to reflect 

the technology that-has 

gone into researching 

the complex formulation, 

rawjnaterials, etc. However, DSM says that the 

higher price will be balanced in terms of the 

benefits it can bring. For 

example, less extraction 

equipmen t will be 

needed to cope with styrene emissions, and less 

money will be spent on 

ensuring all new legislation is met. 

DSM now thinks that 

it_can___e___uo_Lih_L_styrene 

content further. It-plans 

t_a_gxtend~ the range of 

Insert resins with general 

pjurposegrades, isopfitfialic resins, gel_cflaLjbase 

renins and_j-iny.l__.es ter 

resins. Limited quantities 

"bf- vinyl ester resins 

are already available for 

field trials. Filament 

winding is also being 

studied with a view to 

future products. 

DSM Resins bv; 

tel: +31-38-569408; 

fax: +31-38-569230. 

Quick hardening agent 

A CURING agent which is 

reported to speed up the 

hardening of polyester 

mouldings is being marketed by Japanese firm 

Nippon Oils & Fats Co. 

Percure WO is effective in 

the processing temperature range of 70-100°C. 

Excellent hardness is reported in a short time for 

the production of high 

quality products. It is 

particularl y recommended for the cast 

moulding of artificial marble from low temperature 

sheet moulding compound (SMC) for articles 

such as bath tubs. 

Nippon Oils & Fats Cofax: +81-3-3283-7120. 

Reinforced Plastics June 1995 
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