# Patent

## Title
Installation of application software through a network from a source computer system on to a target computer system

## Abstract

A technique for the remote installation of application software from a source computer system to one or more target computer systems (workstation) coupled to a Local Area Network (LAN). The present invention allows a LAN Administrator to install application software on a user's workstation automatically at any time without user's intervention. The state of (i.e. a snapshot of) the LAN Administrator's system before and after the installation of the application software is captured and an installation package is built. Installation on the user workstations is then scheduled. For installation, the installation package is transmitted to the user workstation where an install program carries out commands in the installation package for installing the application software.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/127,116, filed on Jul. 29, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,324,690, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/859,277, filed on May 19, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,860,012, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/591,222, filed on Jan. 18, 1996, now abandoned which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/130,097, filed on Sep. 30, 1993, now abandoned.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of management of computer systems on a network, and specifically to installation of application software on computer systems through a network.
2. Prior Art
Local Area Networks (LANs) have been developed for interconnecting computer systems for communication amongst computer users, for the exchange of data and for the sharing of resources (e.g. printers, facsimile devices, modems and the like). To properly implement and manage a LAN, a LAN administrator is needed. A LAN Administrator's duties may include such functions as registering users to use the Local Area Network, maintaining the shared resources and monitoring the network load. LANs may also be used to manage the computer systems connected to the network.
With respect to management of the computer systems on the LAN, a desirable function for the LAN administrator is to remotely install application software on systems. Moreover, it would be desirable to perform such installations without the presence of the LAN Administrator. However, known techniques for remote installation of software require the writing of scripts outlining the installation procedures. The writing of scripts is a manual, error prone task which must be performed for each system onto which an application is to be installed.
An improved implementation for remote installation of applications by a LAN administrator is the netOctopusTM program, available from B&L Impuls Software GmbH. netOctopus operates in an Apple® Macintosh networked environment. netOctopus provides for the remote execution of installation scripts on systems in which the application software is to be installed. netOctopus utilizes the installer program that accompanies each Apple Macintosh system. However netOctopus merely allows the LAN Administrator to perform the installation across the network, as if they were sitting at the workstation themselves.
Consequently, it would be desirable to provide a means for automating script generation for remote installation of application software by a LAN Administrator. Further, it would be desirable to provide for such remote installation in a manner that does not require the presence of the LAN Administrator.
SUMMARY
A technique for the remote installation of application software from a source computer system to one or more target computer systems (workstations) coupled to a Local Area Network (LAN) is disclosed. The present invention allows a LAN Administrator to install application software on a user's workstation automatically at any time without user's intervention. The state of (i.e. a snapshot of) the LAN Administrator's system before and after the installation of the application software is captured and an installation package is built. Installation on the user workstations is then scheduled. At that time the installation package is transmitted to the user's workstation where a program carries out commands in the installation package for installing the application software.
The installation package consists of an IPACK format file and the files contained in an application software program. The IPACK format file contains sets of commands that are used to modify system files and perform other functions necessary to the installation of the application software. Further, a personality file may be defined which allows for custom tailoring of the installation on a user's workstation. Further, a UPACK format file provides instructions for deinstalling application software. Deinstallation of application software is necessary for removing unwanted or outdated applications from the user's workstation.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computer system which may be utilized as a LAN administrator workstation or user workstation in the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is block diagram of a LAN with a LAN Administrator workstation and user workstations as may be implemented in the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the architecture of the main components of the LAN administrator workstation and a user workstation for implementation of the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the steps performed by the LAN Administrator workstation (source system) and the user workstation (target system) in performing remote application software installations in the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the inputs and outputs for generating an installation package on a LAN Administrator workstation as may be performed in the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the inputs and outputs for installing an application package on a user workstation as may be performed in the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A technique for the remote installation of application software on user workstations connected to a Local Area Network (LAN) from a LAN Administrator workstation is described. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth such as the network topology, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, specific implementation details such as the steps for installation of any particular application software package have not been shown in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The currently preferred embodiment of the present invention is implemented for operation in networking environments utilizing the NetWare Network Operating System, available from the Novell Corporation of Provo, Utah. The respective workstations coupled to the network of the currently preferred embodiment would be executing the MS/DOS and the Windows operating system environments, both available from Microsoft Corporation of Seattle, Wash. However, these implementations are not meant to be limiting as to the scope of the present invention. It would be apparent to one skilled in the art to practice the present invention in environments utilizing different network control operating systems and with workstations executing under non MS/DOS or non Windows operating systems.
Further, the following description uses the term “workstation” with respect to any computer system that a user or LAN Administrator may be using. The term “workstation” is not meant to indicate or denote any particular class of computer systems. Finally, the following description will make reference to certain data files and structures, e.g. a CONFIG. SYS file, that are well known to those familiar with the MS/DOS Operating System. Thus, further description of such data files and structures is not deemed necessary.
Overview of a Computer Systems in the Currently Preferred Embodiment
A computer system embodying a workstation of the currently preferred embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1. A computer system 100 as may be utilized by the currently preferred embodiment generally comprises a bus structure or other communication means 101 for communicating information between the various components of the computer system, a processor means 102 coupled with said bus 101 for processing information, a random access memory (RAM) or other storage device 103 (commonly referred to as a main memory) coupled with said bus 101 for storing information and instructions for said processor 102, a read only memory (ROM) or other static storage device 104 coupled with said bus 101 for storing static information and instructions for said processor 102, a display monitor 105 coupled with said bus 101 for displaying textual, graphical and image data generated by the computer system, a data storage device 106, such as a magnetic disk and disk drive, coupled with said bus 101 for storing information and instructions, an alphanumeric input device 107 including alphanumeric and other keys coupled to said bus 101 for communicating information and command selections to said processor 102, a cursor control device 108, such as a mouse, track-ball, cursor control keys, etc., coupled to said bus 101 for communicating information and command selections to said processor 102 and for controlling cursor movement. Additionally, the system will typically include, one or more ports for receiving input signal data. Such ports are illustrated here as serial port 108 and parallel port 109.
The computer system 101 further includes a Local Area Network (LAN) adapter 111 for attaching to a LAN 112. The LAN Adapter 111 is coupled to CPU bus 101 and is used to transmit/receive information to/from the LAN 112.
It should further be noted that the processor 102 in the computer system would perform various of the processing functions, e.g. generation of the application installation package (LAN Administrator workstation), and actual installation of the application software (user workstation), which is described herein.
LAN Environment
FIG. 2 illustrates a local area networking environment of the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the currently preferred embodiment, the LAN 205 is an Ethernet LAN. As mentioned above, the network control operating system is Novell NetWare. Referring back to FIG. 2, a LAN Administrator workstation 201 is coupled to the LAN 205. A plurality of user workstations 202-204 are also coupled to the LAN 205. In operation, the LAN Administrator workstation 201 performs various functions in keeping the network and each of the individual user workstations operable. The present invention provides a means by which a LAN administrator can remotely schedule and cause the installation of application software on each of the user workstations 202-204. Without such a facility, the LAN administrator would have to physically install the application software on each of the user workstations 202-204. This is very inefficient since it may require “downtime” of the user workstation during work hours, thus causing a loss in productivity of the user. The alternative, having the application software installed during non-work hours is also undesirable since it still requires the physical presence of the LAN administrator.
Further illustrated in FIG. 2 is file server 206. In many LAN environments various server systems are provided which are shared resources for use and access by the users on the LAN. The file server 206 provides a shared disk storage resource for the LAN Administrator workstation 201 and the User workstations 202-204.
Implementation Architecture of the Currently Preferred Embodiment
In the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention, an installation package is generated at the LAN administrator's workstation that subsequently causes installation of the software on each of the target workstations. Each of the target workstation contains means for receiving the installation package and processing it so that the application software is installed. It should further be noted that the present invention assumes that the Operating System and Operating System levels and other systems files on the LAN administrator workstation and the various user workstations, are the same. If they were not the same, it is dear that the potential for error would be great.
FIG. 3 illustrates the architecture of the operating software residing on the LAN administrator workstation and the target user workstation in greater detail. Referring to FIG. 3, a LAN administrator workstation 201 contains LAN administrators tools 301. The LAN administrators tools 310 include an installation scheduler 301a and installation package generator 301b. The installation scheduler 301a will allow the LAN administrator to schedule the automated installation of the new application software onto one or more user workstations. It is important to note that the installation scheduler 301a allows the LAN administrator to perform the actual installation at a time when the LAN administrator may or may not be physically present. The installation package generator 301b is used to create the installation package by which the application software is installed. In the currently preferred embodiment, installation package 303 is stored on file server 206.
The target system i.e. the user workstations, contains a set of LAN client administration tools 302. The LAN client administration tools 302 on the target user workstation 202 include a termination and stay resident (TSR) program 302a which remains active in memory on the target workstation. The remote program resident on the LAN Administrator's workstation executes this TSR program and causes an installation program (here installation program 302b) to be invoked. TSR programs of this type are well known to those skilled in the art, so further description of the TSR program is not deemed necessary. The installation program 302b is also part of LAN client administration tools 302. The installation program 302b processes an installation package for installing the application software on the target system. The manner in which this is done will described in greater detail below. Finally, a deinstallation program 302c is provided. The deinstallation program 302c will process a deinstallation package for removing applications from the target system.
Installation Package
The installation package of the currently preferred embodiment of the present invention is generated in what is termed an IPACK format file. The IPACK format file defines various groups of commands which are used by the installation program residing on the user workstation to install the application software. Further, the UPACK format file provides a series of commands for deinstallation of files on a computer system. The IPACK format file is described in greater detail in Appendix A.
In the currently preferred embodiment, the installation package includes the IPACK format file and the application software to be installed. This package is stored on a server system in a compressed format, and it will be later downloaded during the installation process. As is described in Appendix A, the IPACK format file will contain references to the actual physical location of the installation package in compressed format.
Personality File
A second file utilized in the present invention is the personality file. The personality file allows for custom installation of application software on a user workstation. For example, if the application is to be installed in a particular directory, it is specified through the personality file. A custom personality file resides on the user workstation. In operation, the installation program on the user workstation will search for a custom personality file. If no custom personality file is found, a default personality file will be utilized to perform the installation. The personality file format is described in greater detail in appendix B.
The incorporation of a personality file provides a great deal of flexibility for the installation of application software. A custom personality file would typically be created by the LAN Administrator according to the unique requirements of the user.
Remote Installation of Application Software
Remote installation of Application Software by the LAN Administrator is a two-step process; generation of an installation package and scheduling the installation at each of the desired user workstations. FIG. 4 is a flowchart which illustrates the steps performed by the LAN administrator workstation and the user workstations. In this description, the LAN administrator workstation will be referred to as the source workstation and the user workstations will be referred to as the target workstations. First, on the source workstation a pre-installation system snapshot is generated and saved, step 401. This pre-installation system snapshot will contain all the information that may be changed as a result of the installation of the application software, such as the complete disk directory structure contents, copies of various system and execution files (e.g. the CONFIG.SYS file and all *.IM and *.BAT files) and other operating system related information. Once the pre-installation system snapshot is stored the application software is installed, step 402. The installation of the application software is performed according to the instructions provided by the particular software application. In the DOS and WINDOWS environment of the currently preferred embodiment, the installation procedures for application software is not standardized. Thus, the present invention has been designed to be general enough to allow for various application installation scenarios. In any event, after the application software has been installed on the source workstation, a post installation system snapshot is generated, step 403. The post installation system snapshot contains the same information as the pre-installation system snapshot except that is taken after the application has been installed.
An installation package is then generated by comparing the pre-installation system snapshot with the post installation snapshot, step 404. As described above, the installation package will include the IPACK format file and the application software. The generation of the installation package is further illustrated in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a block diagram which illustrates the inputs and the resultant output for generating an installation package. The program IPACKGEN 503 takes as inputs the preinstallation snapshot 501 and the post installation snapshot 502. As noted previously the preinstallation snapshot contains the state of the system prior to the installation of the application software. The post installation snapshot 502 contains the same information except that it is after the installation of the application software. IPACKGEN 503 then compares the preinstallation snapshot 501 with the post installation snapshot 502 to determine their differences. When comparing the pre-installation snapshot with the post-installation snapshot, the respective disk directory structures, CONFIG.SYS, *.INI, *.BAT and other system related files are compared. The IPACK format file contains instructions to enable modification of the preinstallation snapshot so that it equals the post-installation files. The installation package 504 is then generated based on these differences (refer to Appendix A for the specific commands used and for various examples). In the currently preferred embodiment, the installation package is stored on a server system on the LAN.
Referring back to FIG. 4, once the installation package is created the installation of the application software on each of the respective targets systems is scheduled, step 405. Such scheduling allows the LAN administrator to cause the installation of the application software at off hours, e.g. at night. It should be noted that in the currently preferred embodiment, the various steps performed by the LAN administrator are done via a dialog and windows type interface. The LAN administrator would respond to prompts from the dialog that has been created for generating installation packages and the scheduling of installations.
The mechanism for causing the transmission of the installation package to a target user workstation utilizes the system clock as a trigger. Such a mechanism for triggering the transmission utilizing the system clock is a well known technique to those skilled in the art. Thus further description of such a technique is not deemed necessary.
Assuming that all installation are successful, the application software may optionally be deleted from the source system, step 406. This is provided for because most application software licenses are based on the number of workstations which may use the software. If the LAN administrator is not going to be using that particular application software they would not want to count that copy of the application software on the LAN administrator systems towards the number being used.
The operation of the target workstation is now described. Referring back to FIG. 4, at a scheduled time, the remote program on the LAN Administrator's workstation executes the TSR. At this point the install software will be invoked on the target workstation and will save the necessary files before the installation takes place, step 407. These files are saved so that in the event of an error, e.g. network failure during transmission of the application software, the application can be readily deinstalled. In any event, the installation software then looks to see whether a custom personality file exists, step 408. If a custom personality file does not exist the application is installed based on the default personality file, step 409 otherwise, the application software is installed based on the custom personality file, step 410. The operations occurring on the target side require no user interaction. The installation package contains the information needed to cause the application software to be installed.
The installation of the application software on the target workstation is further described with reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a block diagram which shows the installation of the application software on a target system. An installer (or installation program) 601 receives as input installation packet 602 and a personality file 603. Using these two files as input, an installed application 604 is created on the target system. This is accomplished by carrying out the installation commands set forth by the IPACK format file in accordance with parameters set out by the personality file. As noted previously, the installer 601 also saves the system and data files before the actual installation 605. As noted previously, the installer is initiated by a TSR program that is resident in the target system.
The installation program processes the IPACK format file and determines what files are needed and where they are placed. It then obtains these files from the compressed installation package on the server and places them in the appropriate directories. It also modifies system configuration files based on the directives provided in the IPACK format file. For example in the case of Windows applications, it creates a group (if necessary) and icons as dictated by the application software.
Deinstallation of Application Software
Mechanically, the deinstallation of application software is substantially similar to those for the installation of application software. Here, a UPACK format file for the deinstallation of application software is generated. As a system snapshot has been created on each of the target workstations, prior to installation of the application software, this version of the various files are restored. A UPACK format file can be generally considered as the reverse of an IPACK format file, where added files are deleted. The specific instructions in the UPACK format file are described in Appendix A.
Thus, a method for installation of application software from a LAN Administrator workstation on to a user workstation on a network is described.

## Claims

1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
generating a personality file for a target workstation, the personality file describing installation parameters for an application software package and the target workstation; 
generating an application installation package for the application software package on a source workstation using a pre-installation system snapshot of software on the source workstation and a post-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation; and 
the target workstation receiving the application installation package and installing the application software package based on the application installation package and the personality file.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
creating the pre-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation; 
installing the application software package on the source workstation; 
creating the post-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation; and 
comparing the pre-installation system snapshot with the post-installation system snapshot.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
scheduling installation of the application software package; and 
transmitting the application installation package to the target workstation.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the application installation package comprises a plurality of instructions for installing the application software package on the target workstation.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising deinstalling the application software from the source workstation.

6. A system comprising:
a source workstation to generate a personality file for a target workstation, the personality file describing installation parameters for an application software package and the target workstation, and to generate an application installation package for the application software package on a source workstation using a pre-installation system snapshot of software on the source workstation and a post-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation; and 
the target workstation to receive the application installation package and to install the application software package based on the application installation package and the personality file.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein the source workstation is to create the pre-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation, to install the application software package on the source workstation, to create the post-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation, and to compare the pre-installation system snapshot with the post-installation system snapshot.

8. The system of claim 6 wherein the source workstation is to schedule installation of the application software package, and to transmit the application installation package to the target workstation.

9. The system of claim 6 wherein the application installation package comprises a plurality of instructions for installing the application software package on the target workstation.

10. The system of claim 6 wherein the target workstation is to deinstall the application software from the source workstation.

11. A computer readable medium that provides instructions, which when executed on a processor, cause said processor to perform operations comprising:
generating a personality file for a target workstation, the personality file describing installation parameters for an application software package and the target workstation; 
generating an application installation package for the application software package on source workstation using a pre-installation system snapshot of software on the source workstation and a post-installation system snapshot of the software on the source workstation; and 
the target workstation receiving the application installation package and installing the application software package based on the application installation package and the personality file.

12. A method for installing software on a target workstation, the method comprising:
generating an installation package for the software using a pre-installation snapshot of the state of a source workstation system and a post-installation snapshot of the state of the source workstation system; and 
remotely installing the software on the target workstation based on the installation package and a personality file generated for the target workstation, the personality file describing installation parameters for the software and the target workstation.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the information concerning the operating system of the target workstation comprises copies of system files and copies of execution files.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the installation package includes a plurality of instructions for installing the software, the plurality of instructions including instructions pertaining to the system files.

15. The method of claim 12 further comprising modifying system files in the target workstation according to instructions included in the installation package.

16. A system for installing software, the system comprising:
a personality file to describe installation parameters for the software and a target workstation; and 
a source workstation to generate an installation package for the software using a pre-installation snapshot of the state of a source workstation system and a post-installation snapshot of the state of the source workstation system, the installation package including information concerning an operating system of the target workstation, and to remotely install the software on the target workstation based on the installation package and the personality files.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein the information concerning the operating system of the target workstation comprises copies of system files and copies of execution files.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the installation package includes a plurality of instructions for installing the software, the plurality of instructions including instructions pertaining to the system files.

19. The system of claim 16 wherein the source workstation is to remotely modify system files in the target workstation according to instructions included in the installation package.

20. A computer readable medium that provides instructions, which when executed on a processor, cause said processor to perform operations comprising:
generating an installation package for the software using a pre-installation snapshot of the state of a source workstation system and a post-installation snapshot of the state of the source workstation system; and 
remotely installing the software on the target workstation based on the installation package and a personality file generated for the target workstation, the personality file describing installation parameters for the software and the target workstation.