COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Benton, Hump hreys and Senior Judge Overton

KEVIN S. VOAGE MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 1984-03-2 PER CURIAM FEBRUARY 3, 2004 SPOTSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY William H. Ledbette r, Jr., Judge (Ricardo Rigual; Willis & Ashby, on brief), for appellant. (Joseph A. Vance, IV; Vance & As sociates, on brief), for appellee. No brief for the Guardian ad litem for the minor children.
Kevin S. Voage, father, appeals a decision of the trial court te rminating his parental rights to his two minor children, H.V. and A. V. On appeal, father contends the evidence was insufficient to show that the Spotsylvania Depart ment of Social Services made reasonable and appropriate efforts to communicate with him and to assist him in remedying the conditions leading to the children’s foster care placement. Father alsoargues that the trial court erred in terminating his parental rights without making a specific finding in its final order that his failure to remedy the conditions leading to their placement in foster care was “without good cause.” Upon reviewing the record and the briefs of the parties, we conclude that this a ppeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. Rule 5A:27.

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1- 413, this opinion is not designated for publication.- 2 - Background On appeal, we view the evidenceand all reasonable inferences in the light mo st favorable to the Department, the prevailing part y below. See McGuire v. McGuire , 10 Va. App. 248, 250, 391 S.E.2d 344, 346 (1990). H.V. was born in October 1997 , and A.V. was born in Sept ember 1998. In March 2001, based on allegations of abuse an d neglect, the Department removed the children from their mother’s home where the mother’s boyfriend also resided. The record indicates that earlier when father resided with the family, th ey had prior relations with the Depart ment and that the children had been placed temporarily in foster care when the family resided in another state. In October 2002, the juvenile and domestic relations district court (JDR court) terminated father’s parental rights to both children pu rsuant to Code §§ 16.1-283(B), 16.1-283(C)(1) and 16.1-283(C)(2). Father appealed to the trial cour t, which held a hearing on the appeals on June 24, 2003. Troi Coleman, a foster care worker, testified that when th e children were removed from their mother’s custody, the only information the Department had concerning father was that he was in a prison in California. Coleman telephoned the prison an d learned father was no longer incarcerated there. When fath er telephoned the Department on August 15, 2001, Coleman explained to father that the children were in fost er care and that a foster care service plan outlined things both parents needed to do in order to obtain custody of the children. The foster care service plans dated April 2001 provided th at father was to attend parentin g classes, maintain contact with the Department, maintain suitable housing, comp lete a psychological evaluation and follow any recommendations therefro m, and attend counseli ng and anger management classes. Coleman testified that father, who at that time was not in prison, was “adamant” that he had not been involved in the children’s placement in fost er care and that “he did not need to do services.” He also told- 3 - Coleman that his grandmother had money and he would be getting cust ody of the children. Coleman referred father to counsel who had been appointed to repres ent father, and she told father that the attorney had a copy of the service plan. Coleman aske d father about visiting the children, and father said he could not leave California because he was on parole. Coleman next spoke with father in September 20 01. Father again said he was going to get custody of the children, but he did not discuss ta king advantage of any services or visiting the children. Father also did not discuss any plans he had for obtaining cust ody of the ch ildren. In September and October, Coleman a ttempted to reach father severa l more times to determine his status, but father did not respond to her messages. In December 2001, Coleman learned that father was back in prison. Coleman testified she did not inquire whether any serv ices required by the foster care service plan were available to father through the state of Californ ia or the jail where father resided because father maintained that did not need “to do services.” The Department permitted father to comple te a parent/child evaluation conduc ted over the teleph one while he was incarcerated and provided father with a copy of the foster care plan in April 2002 when Coleman learned that father did not re ceive a copy from his counsel. Coleman testified that the children are “doing wonderfully” in foster care. Although they are with separate foster families , they see each other often and are interacting as siblings. The children are progressing and developing appropriately . Ann Henley, a social worker, also testified that the children are “doing amazingly well” and th at the children’s single most important need is permanency. They have healthy at tachment bonds with th e foster families, an d the foster families want to adopt the children. Henley also stated that father cooperated w ith her during the parent child evaluation she administered over the telephone. She testified that earlier while the family was in tact and living in North Carolina, father did not par ticipate in any services offered to the family by the local social- 4 - services department although he was “very aware” that the children were at imminent risk of being placed in foster care. In addition, father has been convicted for attemp ted murder, and he has an extensive criminal history with convictions dating back to 1979. Father last sa w the children in June 1999, and he has had no cont act with the children in four years. Henley opined that father could not have a bond with the children. She also testified th at the children need permanency because of their developmental risk factors and that it was in the best intere sts of the children that father’s parental rights be terminated. Father testified by telephone that he had viol ated his parole and he would be released from prison on January 2, 2004. Fath er said he would reside in Cali fornia upon his release, but he planned to relocate soon thereaft er to North Carolina where he wo uld reside with family. Father also said that in the past he tried to telephone the Department but his calls were not answered. Father testified that he received a copy of the foster care service pl an in August 2002 , one year after he first spoke with Coleman. Fa ther admitted that he questioned why he was requ ired to complete services when he had nothing to do with the children’s pl acement into foster car e, but he testified he was willing to accept any services after his release from prison . Father stated he was unable to complete a parenting class while he was incarcerated because the prison did not offe r such a class. He stated that he completed an anger management class that was required of all the inmates, and he admitted that he had not a ttempted to transfer his pa role from California to Virginia when he was out of prison. Analysis When considering termination of a parent’s residual rights to a child, “the paramount consideration of a trial court is the child’s be st interests.” Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).- 5 - On review, “[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and ma de its determination based on the child’s best interests.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 329, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990). “The trial court’s judgment, when based on evidence heard ore tenus , will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without eviden ce to support it.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463. Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) requires the Department to provide reasonable and appropriate services to the father. Harris v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va. 235, 243, 288 S.E.2d 410, 415 (1982) (the department must provide reasonab le and appropriate services to a delinquent parent prior to terminating his ri ghts). The services o ffered by the Department must be reasonable and appropriate given the circumstances of a particular case. See Ferguson v. Stafford County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 338, 417 S.E.2d 1, 4 (1992). However, the Department was not required to “force its services up on an unwilling or disinterested parent.” Harris, 223 Va. at 243, 288 S.E.2d at 415. When advised that a foster ca re plan existed containing se rvices and responsibilities that father needed to complete in order to obtain custod y of the children, father initially said he did not “need” any services. It was not un til the time of the hearing that father expres sed a desire to accept and complete any services required by the Depa rtment. The Department made numerous attempts to communicate further with father and to determine his status. However, often the Department was unaware of father’s locatio n or father failed to retu rn their telephone calls. The trial court found that the Department offered fa ther services, which he “adamantly” refused. In addition, the record shows that father failed to par ticipate in any services offered by a North Ca rolina social services agency when the family resided in that state and the children were at im minent risk of being removed from his custody.- 6 - Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) provides that father’s parental rights may be terminated if it is shown by clear and convincing evidence that it is in the best interests of the children and that father has without good cause, failed to mainta in continuing contact with and to provide or substantially plan for the future of the child[ren] for a period of six months after the chil d[ren]’s placement in foster care notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies to communicate with the parent or parents and to strengthen the parent-child relationship. Proof that [father] ha[s] failed without good cause to communicate on a con tinuing and planned basis with the child[ren] for a period of si x months shall constitute prima facie evidence of this condition[.] Father failed to maintain continuing contact with the children for four years. He last saw them in June 1999 when H.V. was almost two y ears old and A.V. was not yet one year old. The social worker opined that any bo nd that may have formed between father and the children prior to June 1999 could not have continued to exist since he has been aw ay from the children. In addition, the record shows that father has made little to no effort to cont act the children, to establish a relationship with them, or to plan for their future care. When he was released fro m prison in April 2001, father did not attempt to tr ansfer his parole to Virginia wh ere he could be near the children. Indeed, within a few months of his release from prison, father committed a parole violation and was again incarcerated by December 20 01. Although father has indicated that he wants to obtain custody of the children, father has done little toward that end despite the fact that he has been advised of the steps he needs to take in order to achieve that goal. Moreover, while long-term incarceration does not, per se, authorize termination of parental rights or negate the Department’s obligation to provide services, it is a valid and proper circumstance which, when combined with other evidence concerning the parent/child relationship, can suppo rt a court’s finding by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the child will be served by termination. Ferguson, 14 Va. App. at 340, 417 S.E.2d at 5.- 7 - The record shows that the children have been in foster care since Ma rch 2001 and have not seen father since June 1999. Th ey need permanency in their live s because of their developmental risk factors. The children are doing well with th eir foster families and have formed bonds with the families who wish to adopt the children. “It is clea rly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waitin g to find out when, or even if, a pare nt will be capabl e of resuming his responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). Therefore, the record supports the trial court’s finding th at termination of father’s parental rights is in the best interest s of the children. Father argues that the absence of specific language in the tria l court’s final order stating that father failed “without g ood cause” to remedy the conditions which led to the children’s placement in foster care renders the trial court’s finding insuff icient. However, the re cord does not show that father objected to the wording of the final termination order. Rather, father’s counsel signed the trial court order “seen and object,” without statin g any specific objection to the order. Therefore, the issue was not raised in the trial court and we will not consider it on appeal. See Rule 5A:18. This record supports the trial court’s finding that the best interests of the children would be served by terminating father’s parental rights pu rsuant to Code § 16.1-283(C). It is apparent that father is unable to care for the children and is unable to remedy within a reason able time the conditions which led to his children’s placement in foster care. Father ha s also failed to maintain continuing contact with the children and to subs tantially plan for the fu ture of the children, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts of the Departme nt. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the judgment. Affirmed.