# HeatNE, April 27 th 

# 2010, Manchester , NH 

# Who's on first, What's on second. Results of the BIOENERGY 2020+ report for residential boilers **Understanding European certification v alues**  **and w hat**  **they m**  **ean for a changing New**  **S ource Performance**  **Standard**HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 2 

# Contents

■ Bioenergy 2020+ ■ Why look at European biomass technology? ■ Performance developments over last 30 years ■ Biomass combustion technology ■ EN 303 - 5

– the European standard for solid fuel boilers ■ General ■ Performance requirements ■ Testing procedure ■ TOP 25% performing European biomass appliances ■ Selection criteria ■ Results ■ SummaryHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 3 

# Bioenergy 2020+

■ National Biomass K1 Centre of Competence ■ Small scale biomass systems located in Wieselburg ■ R&D focus in Wieselburg: ■ Standardized solid bio - fuels ■ Small scale combustion systems ■ Small and micro scale CHP (and cooling) Management Data, analysis and measurement techniques **Biomass combustion** Small scale systems Medium and large scale systems **Biomass gasification** Gasification and synthetic biofuels Fermentation and liquid biofuels

**Modelling & simulation** 



# Our business: **Energy from biomass** HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 4 

# Why look at European **biomass technology?**   **Performance improvement** 
■ Test results from small scale biomass boilers ■ Pellet boilers starting in 1998 ■ Data from Austrian test house (FJ - BLT)

■ Efficiency (based on NCV) 

### : 55  > 90 % ■ CO - Emissions: 15,000  < 50 mg/m3HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 5 

### volatiles 

# Why look at European **biomass technology?**   **Biomass combustion technology**

combustion unit reaction in firebed reaction in comb. chamber 

# ■ Staged combustion

drying

solid combustion devolati lization



### primary combustion zone combustion air gas combustion 

### combustion air secondary combustion zoneHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 6 

# Why look at European **biomass technology?**   **Biomass combustion technology** ■ Solid wood: under - burning principle ■ Pellets: under - feed burner ( also w ood chip technology)

**Froeling FHG Turbo OekoFEN Pellematic** HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 7 

# Why look at European **biomass technology?**   **Biomass combustion technology** ■ Pellets: top - feed burner ■ Pellets and wood chips: horizontal - feed burner

**Froeling P4 Pellet KWB Powerfire TDS** HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 8 

# Why look at European **biomass technology?**   **Biomass combustion technology** ■ Advantages of novel combustion technology**C O** **2 C** **O Ma**  **nually Stoked, Natural Draught Combustion**

**fuel batch C** **O 2** **C O**  **Ma nually stoked, Under**  **- Burning Combustion** 

**fuel batch**

**from Handbuch**  **– Bioenergie**  **Kleinanlagen (FNR) C** **O 2** **C O**  **Au tomatic**  **Pellets Combustion**HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 9 

# Contents

■ Bioenergy 2020+ ■ Why look at European biomass technology? ■ Performance developments over last 30 years ■ Biomass combustion technology ■ **EN 303 -**  **5 –**  **the European standard**  **for solid fuel boilers** ■ **General** ■ **Performance requirements**  ■ **Testing procedure** ■ TOP 25% performing European biomass appliances ■ Selection criteria ■ Results ■ SummaryHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 10 

# EN 303 **- 5**  **– European**  **standard for boilers**   **General** ■ Currently under revision ■ Valid for ■ Solid fuel boilers (hydronic heating only) ■ Manual and automatic stoking ■ Up to 1025 MBtu/h (1700 MBtu/h under discussion) 

# ■ Regulates ■ Requirements general, safety, construction, design, performance 

## ■ Test methods heat output, efficiency, emissions, test fuel, safety devices, surface temperatures; pressure test, 

## ■ Test report, documentation,

...HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 11 

# EN 303 **- 5**  **– European**  **standard for boilers**   **Performance requirements** ■ Efficiency

■ Efficiencies w ere converted for pellets fuel ■ Current version of EN 303 - 5: class 1 to class 3 ■ Future efficiency requirements: class 3 to class 5 ■ Class 4 and 5 under discussion! 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90%

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 nom inal load in M BT U/h cl as s 3

cl as s 2

cl as s 1 cl as s 4 cl as s 5efficiencybasedonGCV Bl ue An gel (G )/ Um welt ze ic hen (A ) Nordic Sw an (S ca ndinav ia)HeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 12 

# EN 303 **- 5**  **– European**  **standard for boilers**   **Performance requirements** ■ Emission limits

■ Limits also given for CO and OGC emissions ■ Class 4 and 5 under discussion!

0. 00 0. 05 0. 10 0. 15 0. 20 0. 25 0. 30

Clas s 1 Clas s 2 Clas s 3 Clas s 4 Clas s 5 so lid w ood pellets wo od c hipsdustemissionlimitsinlb/MMBtuHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 13 

# EN 303 **- 5**  **– European**  **standard for boilers**   **Performance requirements** ■ Minimum heat output ■ Minimum heat output of 30% of nominal load required ■ Minimum heat output for manual boilers may be higher

– Manufacturer has to specify how to dissipate produced heat

– Usually heat storage is recommended

– Design guideline for heat storage

– No heat storage necessary if < 300 l/80 gal        

     mi n 3 . 0 1 5 . 4 Q Q Q T V H N B AT V AT A cc umula to r t an k c ap ac it y l Q N No mi nal he at out put M Bt u /h T B Bu rning pe rio d h Q H He at in g lo ad of the pre mi se s M Bt u /h Q mi n Mi nimum he at ou tput M Bt u /hHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 14 

# EN 303 **- 5**  **– European**  **standard for boilers**   **Testing procedure** ■ Reach normal working conditions (stationary state) before testing ■ Test cycles: ■ 2 tests at nominal load ■ 1 test at smallest load 

# ■ Duration: ■ 6 hours for automatic stoking ■ One fuel charge for manual stoking (minimum 2 hours for full load) 

# ■ Ranges for ambient air temperature and return/flow temperature given ■ Dust measurements taken twice during 30 period at full loadHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 15 

# Contents

■ Bioenergy 2020+ ■ Why look at European biomass technology? ■ Performance developments over last 30 years ■ Biomass combustion technology ■ EN 303 - 5

– the European standard for solid fuel boilers ■ General ■ Performance requirements ■ Testing procedure ■ **TOP 25% performing**  **European biomass appliances** ■ **Selection criteria**  ■ **Results** ■ SummaryHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 16 

# TOP 25% **p erforming**  **appliances**  **Selection criteria** ■ Austrian, German, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian biomass appliances considered ■ Vast data collection of test results

– 954 boiler data sets 433 pellets, 279, solid wood, 213 wood chips

– 130 room heater data sets 79 pellets, 51 solid wood 

# ■ Selection criteria for TOP 25%: ■ Appliances grouped in load ranges ■ Highest efficiencies at full load ■ CO - emissions at full load smaller than average CO - emissions in respective load rangeHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 17ηGCV1)(%)CO(mg/m312%O2)TSP1)(lb/MMBtu)NOx(mg/m312%O2)

< 55 87 43 0.022 140 55 - 100 86 39 0.024 136 100 - 170 87 38 0.023 132 170 - 340 86 24 0.036 154 > 340 86 17 0.031 133 < 85 83 174 0.039 139 85 - 120 83 220 0.044 126 120 - 170 83 152 0.066 115 > 170 82 97 0.033 119 < 100 76 60 0.046 157 100 - 200 79 39 0.027 134 200 - 340 78 30 0.038 138 340 - 680 80 22 0.042 125 > 680 78 34 0.092 131 pellets 82 34 0.027 145 solid wood 79 252 0.027 120 stove with hot water pellets 25 - 50 85 117 0.019 143 < 30 88 164 0.045 88 > 30 87 180 0.043 110 solid wood 20 - 130 73 1069 0.050 126technologyfuel data at nominal loadloadrange(MBtu/h)

50 - 150

stove pellets

solid wood

wood chips

pellets boiler

combined boiler

1) related to the Gross Calorific Value (upper heating value) 

# TOP 25% **p erforming**  **appliances**  **Results Boilers**  ■ > 75% efficiency based on GCV ■ Dust emissions < 0.04 lb/MMBtu for pellets < 0.07 lb/MMBtu for solid w ood and < 0.10 lb/MMBtu for w ood chips **Stov es**  ■ > 70% efficiency based on GCV ■ Dust emissions < 0.05 lb/MMBtuHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 18

75% 80% 85% 90%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 nom inal load in M BTU /h cl as s 4 cl as s 5efficiencybasedonGCV TO P 2 5% p ellet boiler s

cl as s 3 

# TOP 25% **p erforming**  **appliances**  **Results** ■ Efficiencies ■ TOP 25% pellet boilers reach higher efficiencies than future requirement of EN 303 - 5, class 5 ■ Also true for w ood chip and solid wo od boilers ■ Class 4 and 5 under discussion!

**75% 80%**  **85% 90%** **< 5** **5 5** **5 -** **1 0** **0 1** **0 0** **- 1** **7 0** **1 7** **0 -** **3 4** **0 >** **3 4** **0 <** **8 5** **8 5** **- 1** **2 0** **1 2** **0 -** **1 7** **0 >** **1 7** **0 <** **1 0** **0 1** **0 0** **- 2** **0 0** **2 0** **0 -** **3 4** **0 3** **4 0** **- 6** **8 0** **> 6** **8 0** 

**pe llet**  **b oi**  **ler s**  **so lid** 

**w ood**  **boi lers**  **wood chi**  **p boi**  **ler s**  **nomi na**  **l lo**

**ad pa**  **rti al lo** 

**ad**efficiencybasedonGCV

lo ad category (M Bt u/h) 

### ■ Small variations betw een ef ficiencies at full and partial load ■ Even higher ef

ficiencies at partial load possibleHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 19 

# TOP 25% **p erforming**  **appliances**  **Results** ■ Dust emissions

■ TOP 25% pellet boilers reach low er dust emissions than future requirement of EN 303 - 5, class 5 ■ Also true for w ood chip and solid w ood boilers ■ Class 4 and 5 under discussion! 0. 000 0. 050 0. 100 0. 150 0. 200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 nom inal l oad in M BTU /h

cl as s 3

cl as s 4 cl as s 5 TO P 25% p ellet b oilers

cl as s 2dustemissionsinlb/MMBtuHeatNE, April 27 th 2010, Manchester , NH slide 20 

# Summary

■ Staged combustion is state - of - the - art in Europe ■ Under - burning technology used for solid wood boilers ■ European/national regulations and eco - labels are major driving forces for technological developments ■ EN 303 - 5 (under revision)

– Performance requirements

– Different classes encompass all European technology levels

– Heat storage required if partial load > 30%



## – Test methods described for heat load, efficiency, emissions,

... ■ TOP 25% performing biomass appliances

– Austrian, German and Scandinavian products were analyzed

– Reach higher performances than required in future EN 303 - 5

# HeatNE, April 27 th 

# 2010, Manchester , NH 

# Results of the BIOENERGY 2020+ **report for residential boilers** Birgit Musil - Schlaeffer birgit.musil@bioenergy2020.eu +43 - 7416/52238 - 28 Wa lter Haslinger wa lter .haslinger@bioenergy2020.eu +43 - 7416/52238 - 20