C-1

Appendix C

RQ Calculations for Secondary Exposure Scenarios
C-2

THEORETICAL ANALYSES

C-1. Expected Rodenticide Accumulation in Primary Consumers based on Consumption of 

Bait

Rodenticide % a.i. Primary 

Consumer

Weight 

(g)

Food 

intake

(g drywt/day)

1 Day 

Accumulation 

of Rodenticide

(mg a.i./kgbwt/day)

3 Day 

Accumulation

Rodenticide

(mg a.i./kgbwt/day)

6 Day 

Accumulation

Rodenticide

(mg a.i./kgbwt/day)

Brodifacoum 0.005

House 

mouse

23 3.6 7.91 23.7 47.2

Norway rat 485 20.3 2.09 6.3 12.5

Difethialone 0.0025

House 

mouse

23 3.6 3.96 11.6 22.4

Norway rat 485 20.3 1.05 3.1 5.9

Warfarin

0.025

House 

mouse

23 3.6 39.6 117.5 231.4

Norway rat 485 20.3 10.5 31.1 61.2

0.054

House 

mouse

23 3.6 85.5 253.7 499.7

Norway rat 485 20.3 22.6 67.2 132.3

Chlorophacinone 0.005

House 

mouse

23 3.6 7.91 23.3 45.2

Norway rat 485 20.3 2.09 6.2 12.0

Diphacinone 0.005

House 

mouse

23 3.6 7.91 21.0 35.5

Norway rat 485 20.3 2.09 5.6 9.4

Bromethalin 0.01

House 

mouse

23 3.6 15.8 42.2 71.3

Norway rat 485 20.3 4.19 9.4 18.9
C-3

C-2. Acute Oral RQs for Secondary Birds Based on Consumption of Contaminated Carcasses- 1 Day 

Accumulation in Prey

Prey

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Predator 

FI (g dry 

wt/day)

Predator 

FI (g wet 

wt/day)

Rodenticide 

intake mg 

a.i./kg-bw/day

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)1

Adjusted LD50 (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)2

RQ 

(unadjusted)3,4

RQ

(adjusted for 

weight)4,5

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

0.25

0.49 0.35 12.85* 6.60* 9.22*

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 0.28 0.26 5.75* 5.15* 5.44*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 0.19 0.22 3.28* 4.33* 3.77*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 0.49 0.35 3.40* 1.75* 2.44*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 0.28 0.26 1.52* 1.36* 1.44*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 0.19 0.22 0.87* 1.15* 1.00*

Difethialone—0.0025%

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 1.61

0.30

0.28 5.35* 5.84*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.72 0.39 2.40* 1.85*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.41 0.49 1.37* 0.83*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.43 0.28 1.42* 1.54*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.19 0.39 0.63* 0.49

5000 165.81 518.15 0.11 0.49 0.36 0.22

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 16.06

525.00

347.02 0.03 0.05

1000 58.15 181.73 7.19 490.19 0.01 0.01

5000 165.81 518.15 4.10 624.03 0.01 0.01

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 4.25 347.02 0.01 0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 1.90 490.19 0.00 0.00

5000 165.81 518.15 1.09 624.03 0.00 0.00

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 34.69 525.00 347.02 0.07 0.10

1000 58.15 181.73 15.53 490.19 0.03 0.03
C-4

5000 165.81 518.15 8.86 624.03 0.02 0.01

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 9.18 347.02 0.02 0.03

1000 58.15 181.73 4.11 490.19 0.01 0.01

5000 165.81 518.15 2.34 624.03 0.00 0.00

Bromethalin—0.01%

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 6.42

4.60

4.22 1.40* 1.52*

1000 58.15 181.73 2.88 5.96 0.63* 0.48

5000 165.81 518.15 1.64 7.59 0.36 0.22

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 1.70 4.22 0.37 0.40

1000 58.15 181.73 0.76 5.96 0.17 0.13

5000 165.81 518.15 0.43 7.59 0.09 0.06

Chlorophacinone--0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

258.00

236.62 623.39 0.01 0.01 0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 334.24 18.40 0.01 0.00 0.07

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 425.50 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.52*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 236.62 623.39 0.00 0.00 <0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 334.24 18.40 0.00 0.00 0.02

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 425.50 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.14

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

1630.00

1494.94 0.00 0.00

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 2111.66 0.00 0.00

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 2688.25 0.00 0.00

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 1494.94 0.00 0.00

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 2111.66 0.00 0.00

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 2688.25 0.00 0.00 1

LD50 from most sensitive mallard duck or northern bobwhite quail acute oral study. 2

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the adjusted 

LD50 using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For chlorophacinone, the left 

and right columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and the 

chlorophacinone specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single column gives the 

adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996).
C-5

3 RQ calculated as daily rodenticide intake / LD50. 4

 * RQ exceeds Acute Risk LOC. 5 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see footnote #2.

C-3. Acute Oral RQs for Secondary Birds Based on Consumption of Contaminated Carcasses- 3 Day 

Accumulation in Prey

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Predator 

FI (g dry 

wt/day)

Predator 

FI (g wet 

wt/day)

Rodenticide 

intake mg 

a.i./kg-bw/day

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)1

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kgbwt)2

RQ 

(unadjusted)3,4

RQ

(adjusted for 

weight)4,5

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

0.25

0.49 0.35 38.46* 19.77* 27.6*

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 0.28 0.26 17.22* 15.42* 16.30*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 0.19 0.22 9.82* 12.96* 11.27*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 0.49 0.35 10.18* 5.23* 7.31*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 0.28 0.26 4.56* 4.08* 4.31*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 0.19 0.22 2.60* 3.43* 2.98*

Difethialone—0.0025%

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 1.61

0.30

0.28 15.68* 17.09*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.72 0.39 7.02* 5.42*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.41 0.49 4.00* 2.43*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.43 0.28 4.15* 4.52*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.19 0.39 1.86* 1.43*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.11 0.49 1.06* 0.64*

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 16.06

525.00

347.02 0.09 0.14

1000 58.15 181.73 7.19 490.19 0.04 0.04

5000 165.81 518.15 4.10 624.03 0.02 0.02

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 4.25 347.02 0.02 0.04

1000 58.15 181.73 1.90 490.19 0.01 0.01

5000 165.81 518.15 1.09 624.03 0.01 0.01
C-6

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 34.69

525.00

347.02 0.20 0.30

1000 58.15 181.73 15.53 490.19 0.09 0.09

5000 165.81 518.15 8.86 624.03 0.05 0.04

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 9.18 347.02 0.05 0.08

1000 58.15 181.73 4.11 490.19 0.02 0.02

5000 165.81 518.15 2.34 624.03 0.01 0.01

Bromethalin—0.01%

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 6.42

4.60

4.22 3.72* 4.06*

1000 58.15 181.73 2.88 5.96 1.67* 1.29*

5000 165.81 518.15 1.64 7.59 0.95* 0.58*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 1.70 4.22 0.98* 1.07*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.76 5.96 0.44 0.34

5000 165.81 518.15 0.43 7.59 0.25 0.15

Chlorophacinone--0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

258.00

236.62 623.39 0.04 0.04 0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 334.24 18.40 0.02 0.01 0.23

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 425.50 1.57 0.01 0.01 1.54*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 236.62 623.39 0.01 0.01 <0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 334.24 18.40 0.00 0.00 0.06

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 425.50 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.41

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

1630.00

1494.94 0.01 0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 2111.66 0.00 0.00

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 2688.25 0.00 0.00

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 1494.94 0.00 0.00

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 2111.66 0.00 0.00

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 2688.25 0.00 0.00 1

LD50 from most sensitive mallard duck or northern bobwhite quail acute oral study. 2

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the 
C-7

adjusted LD50 using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For 

chlorophacinone, the left and right columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. 

(1996) and the chlorophacinone specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single 

column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996). 3 RQ calculated as daily rodenticide intake / LD50. 4

 * RQ exceeds Acute Risk LOC. 5 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see footnote #2.

C-4. Acute Oral RQs for Secondary Birds Based on Consumption of Contaminated Carcasses- 6 Day 

Accumulation in Prey

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Predator 

FI (g dry 

wt/day)

Predator 

FI (g wet 

wt/day)

Rodenticide 

intake mg 

a.i./kg-bw/day

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)1

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kgbwt)2

RQ 

(unadjusted)3,4

RQ

(adjusted for 

weight)4,5

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

0.25

0.49 0.35 76.65* 39.40* 55.04*

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 0.28 0.26 34.32* 30.74* 32.49*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 0.19 0.22 19.57* 25.84* 22.47*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 0.49 0.35 20.29* 10.43* 14.57*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 0.28 0.26 9.08* 8.14* 8.60*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 0.19 0.22 5.18* 6.84* 5.95*

Difethialone—0.0025%

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 1.61

0.30

0.28 30.25* 32.98*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.72 0.39 13.54* 10.45*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.41 0.49 7.72* 4.68*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.43 0.28 8.01* 8.73*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.19 0.39 3.58* 2.77*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.11 0.49 2.04* 1.24*

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 16.06

525.00

347.02 0.18 0.27

1000 58.15 181.73 7.19 490.19 0.08 0.09

5000 165.81 518.15 4.10 624.03 0.05 0.04
C-8

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 4.25 347.02 0.05 0.07

1000 58.15 181.73 1.90 490.19 0.02 0.02

5000 165.81 518.15 1.09 624.03 0.01 0.01

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 34.69

525.00

347.02 0.39 0.58*

1000 58.15 181.73 15.53 490.19 0.17 0.19

5000 165.81 518.15 8.86 624.03 0.10 0.08

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 9.18 347.02 0.10 0.15

1000 58.15 181.73 4.11 490.19 0.05 0.05

5000 165.81 518.15 2.34 624.03 0.03 0.02

Bromethalin—0.01%

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 6.42

4.60

4.22 6.29* 6.86*

1000 58.15 181.73 2.88 5.96 2.81* 2.17*

5000 165.81 518.15 1.64 7.59 1.61* 0.97*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 1.70 4.22 1.66* 1.81*

1000 58.15 181.73 0.76 5.96 0.75* 0.58*

5000 165.81 518.15 0.43 7.59 0.42 0.26

Chlorophacinone--0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

258.00

236.62 623.39 0.07 0.08 0.03

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 334.24 18.40 0.03 0.02 0.45

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 425.50 1.57 0.02 0.01 2.99*

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 236.62 623.39 0.02 0.02 0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 334.24 18.40 0.01 0.01 0.12

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 425.50 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.79*

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 12.99 40.59 3.21

1630.00

1494.94 0.01 0.01

1000 58.15 181.73 1.44 2111.66 0.00 0.00

5000 165.81 518.15 0.82 2688.25 0.00 0.00

Norway 

rat

100 12.99 40.59 0.85 1494.94 0.00 0.00

1000 58.15 181.73 0.38 2111.66 0.00 0.00
C-9

5000 165.81 518.15 0.22 2688.25 0.00 0.00 1

LD50 from most sensitive mallard duck or northern bobwhite quail acute oral study. 2

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the 

adjusted LD50 using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For 

chlorophacinone, the left and right columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. 

(1996) and the chlorophacinone specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single 

column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996). 3 RQ calculated as daily rodenticide intake / LD50. 4

 * RQ exceeds Acute Risk LOC. 5 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see footnote #2.

C-5. Acute Oral RQs for Secondary Mammals Based on Consumption of Contaminated 

Carcasses- 1 Day Accumulation in Prey

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Predator 

FI (g dry 

wt/day)

Predator 

FI (g wet 

wt/day)

Rodenticide 

intake mg 

a.i./kg-bw/day

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)1

Adjusted 

LD50

(mg 

a.i./kgbwt)2

RQ 

(unadjusted)3,4

RQ

(adjusted for 

weight)4,5

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

0.48

0.78 6.03* 3.71*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 0.37 3.54* 4.60*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 0.28 2.91* 4.98*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 2.90 0.78 6.03* 3.71*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 0.37 3.54* 4.60*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 0.28 2.91* 4.98*

Difethialone—0.0025%

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 1.45

0.55

0.89 2.63* 1.62*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.85 0.42 1.54* 2.01*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.70 0.32 1.27* 2.17*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.38 0.89 0.70* 0.43

1000 68.72 214.74 0.22 0.42 0.41 0.53*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.18 0.32 0.34 0.58*
C

-10

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 14.48

3.00

4.88 4.83

* 2.97*

1000 68.72 214.74 8.50 2.31 2.83

* 3.68*

3000 169.54 529.80 6.99 1.75 2.33

* 3.99*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 3.83 4.88 1.28

* 0.79*

1000 68.72 214.74 2.25 2.31 0.75

* 0.97*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.85 1.75 0.62

* 1.05*

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 31.28

3.00

4.88 10.43

* 6.41*

1000 68.72 214.74 18.35 2.31 6.12

* 7.95*

3000 169.54 529.80 15.09 1.75 5.03

* 8.61*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 8.28 4.88 2.76

* 1.70*

1000 68.72 214.74 4.86 2.31 1.62

* 2.11*

3000 169.54 529.80 3.99 1.75 1.33

* 2.28*

Bromethalin—0.01%

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 5.79

2.20

3.58 2.63

* 1.62*

1000 68.72 214.74 3.40 1.69 1.54

* 2.01*

3000 169.54 529.80 2.79 1.29 1.27

* 2.17*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 1.53 3.58 0.70

* 0.43

1000 68.72 214.74 0.90 1.69 0.41 0.53

*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.74 1.29 0.34 0.58

*

Chlorophacinone--0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

6.26

10.18 0.46 0.28

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 4.81 0.27 0.35

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 3.66 0.22 0.38

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.77 10.18 0.12 0.08

1000 68.72 214.74 0.45 4.81 0.07 0.09

3000 169.54 529.80 0.37 3.66 0.06 0.10

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 50 5.86 18.30 2.90 1.90 3.09 1.52

* 0.94*
C-11

mouse 1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 1.46 0.89* 1.16*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 1.11 0.74* 1.26*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.77 3.09 0.40 0.25

1000 68.72 214.74 0.45 1.46 0.24 0.31

3000 169.54 529.80 0.37 1.11 0.19 0.33 1

LD50 from most sensitive mallard duck or northern bobwhite quail acute oral study. 2

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the 

adjusted LD50 using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For 

chlorophacinone, the left and right columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau 

et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other 

chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996). 3 RQ calculated as daily rodenticide intake / LD50. 4

 * RQ exceeds Acute Risk LOC. 5 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see footnote #2.

C-6. Acute Oral RQs for Secondary Mammals Based on Consumption of Contaminated 

Carcasses- 3 Day Accumulation in Prey

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Predator 

FI (g dry 

wt/day)

Predator 

FI (g wet 

wt/day)

Rodenticide 

intake mg 

a.i./kg-bw/day

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)1

Adjusted 

LD50

(mg 

a.i./kgbwt)2

RQ 

(unadjusted)3,4

RQ

(adjusted for 

weight)4,5

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

0.48

0.78 18.06* 11.10*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 0.37 10.60* 13.78*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 0.28 8.71* 14.91*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 2.90 0.78 4.78* 2.94*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 0.37 2.80* 3.65*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 0.28 2.31* 3.95*

Difethialone—0.0025%

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 1.45

0.55

0.89 7.71* 4.74*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.85 0.42 4.52* 5.88*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.70 0.32 3.72* 6.37*
C

-12

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.38 0.89 2.04

* 1.25*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.22 0.42 1.20

* 1.56*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.18 0.32 0.98

* 1.68*

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 14.48

3.00

4.88 14.33

* 8.81*

1000 68.72 214.74 8.50 2.31 8.41

* 10.93*

3000 169.54 529.80 6.99 1.75 6.92

* 11.83*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 3.83 4.88 3.79

* 2.33*

1000 68.72 214.74 2.25 2.31 2.23

* 2.89*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.85 1.75 1.83

* 3.13*

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 31.28

3.00

4.88 30.96

* 19.03*

1000 68.72 214.74 18.35 2.31 18.16

* 23.61*

3000 169.54 529.80 15.09 1.75 14.94

* 25.56*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 8.28 4.88 8.19

* 5.04*

1000 68.72 214.74 4.86 2.31 4.81

* 6.25*

3000 169.54 529.80 3.99 1.75 3.95

* 6.76*

Bromethalin—0.01%

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 5.79

2.20

3.58 7.02

* 4.31*

1000 68.72 214.74 3.40 1.69 4.12

* 5.35*

3000 169.54 529.80 2.79 1.29 3.38

* 5.79*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 1.53 3.58 1.86

* 1.14*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.90 1.69 1.09

* 1.42*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.74 1.29 0.90

* 1.53*

Chlorophacinone--0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

6.26

10.18 1.36

* 0.84*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 4.81 0.80

* 1.04*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 3.66 0.66

* 1.12*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.77 10.18 0.36 0.22

1000 68.72 214.74 0.45 4.81 0.21 0.27
C-13

3000 169.54 529.80 0.37 3.66 0.17 0.30

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

1.90

3.09 4.05* 2.49*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 1.46 2.38* 3.09*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 1.11 1.96* 3.35*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.77 3.09 1.07* 0.66*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.45 1.46 0.63* 0.82*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.37 1.11 0.52* 0.89* 1

LD50 from most sensitive mallard duck or northern bobwhite quail acute oral study. 2

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the 

adjusted LD50 using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For 

chlorophacinone, the left and right columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau 

et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other 

chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996). 3 RQ calculated as daily rodenticide intake / LD50. 4

 * RQ exceeds Acute Risk LOC. 5 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see footnote #2.

C-7. Acute Oral RQs for Secondary Mammals Based on Consumption of Contaminated 

Carcasses- 6 Day Accumulation in Prey

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Predator 

FI (g dry 

wt/day)

Predator 

FI (g wet 

wt/day)

Rodenticide 

intake mg 

a.i./kg-bw/day

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)1

Adjusted 

LD50

(mg 

a.i./kgbwt)2

RQ 

(unadjusted)3,4

RQ

(adjusted for 

weight)4,5

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

0.48

0.78 36.00* 22.13*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 0.37 21.12* 27.46*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 0.28 17.37* 29.72*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 2.90 0.78 9.53* 5.86*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 0.37 5.59* 7.27*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 0.28 4.60* 7.87*

Difethialone—0.0025%
C

-14

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 1.45

0.55

0.89 14.88

* 9.15*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.85 0.42 8.73

* 11.35*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.70 0.32 7.18

* 12.28*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.38 0.89 3.94

* 2.42*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.22 0.42 2.31

* 3.00*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.18 0.32 1.90

* 3.25*

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 14.48

3.00

4.88 28.23

* 17.35*

1000 68.72 214.74 8.50 2.31 16.56

* 21.53*

3000 169.54 529.80 6.99 1.75 13.62

* 23.30*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 3.83 4.88 7.47

* 4.59*

1000 68.72 214.74 2.25 2.31 4.38

* 5.70*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.85 1.75 3.60

* 6.17*

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 31.28

3.00

4.88 60.97

* 37.48*

1000 68.72 214.74 18.35 2.31 35.77

* 46.51*

3000 169.54 529.80 15.09 1.75 29.42

* 50.33*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 8.28 4.88 16.14

* 9.92*

1000 68.72 214.74 4.86 2.31 9.47

* 12.31*

3000 169.54 529.80 3.99 1.75 7.79

* 13.32*

Chlorophacinone--0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

6.26

10.18 2.64

* 1.63*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 4.81 1.55

* 2.02*

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 3.66 1.28

* 2.18*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.77 10.18 0.70

* 0.43

1000 68.72 214.74 0.45 4.81 0.41 0.53

*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.37 3.66 0.34 0.58

*

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

50 5.86 18.30 2.90

1.90

3.09 6.83

* 4.20*

1000 68.72 214.74 1.70 1.46 4.01

* 5.21*
C-15

3000 169.54 529.80 1.40 1.11 3.30* 5.64*

Norway 

rat

50 5.86 18.30 0.77 3.09 1.81* 1.11*

1000 68.72 214.74 0.45 1.46 1.06* 1.38*

3000 169.54 529.80 0.37 1.11 0.87* 1.49* 1

LD50 from most sensitive mallard duck or northern bobwhite quail acute oral study. 2

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the 

adjusted LD50 using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For 

chlorophacinone, the left and right columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau 

et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other 

chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996). 3 RQ calculated as daily rodenticide intake / LD50. 4

 * RQ exceeds Acute Risk LOC. 5 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see footnote #2.
C-16

C-8. Dietary RQs for Secondary Birds Based on Consumption of Contaminated Prey 

Animals

Rodenticide % a.i. Prey Type Rodenticide concentration in 

primary consumer prey 

items (mg a.i./kg diet)

LC50 (mg 

a.i./kg diet)

RQ2

Brodifacoum 0.005

House mouse 7.91

1.33

5.95*

Norway rat 2.09 1.57*

Difethialone 0.0025

House mouse 3.96

0.56

7.07*

Norway rat 1.05 1.87*

Warfarin

0.025

House mouse 39.6

625

0.06

Norway rat 10.5 0.02

0.054

House mouse 85.5 0.14

Norway rat 22.6 0.04

Chlorophacinone 0.005

House mouse 7.91

72

0.11

Norway rat 2.09 0.03

Diphacinone 0.005

House mouse 7.91

906

0.01

Norway rat 2.09 <0.01

Bromethalin 0.01

House mouse 15.8

210

0.08

Norway rat 4.19 0.02

Bolded (*) exceed Acute Risk LOC (0.5).

C-9. Dietary RQs for Secondary Mammals Based on Consumption of Contaminated 

Prey Animals

Rodenticide % a.i. Prey Type Rodenticide concentration in 

primary consumer prey 

items (mg a.i./kg diet)

LC50 (mg 

a.i./kg diet)

RQ2

Brodifacoum 0.005

House mouse 7.91

0.53

14.9*

Norway rat 2.09 3.95*

Difethialone 0.0025

House mouse 3.96

No Data --

Norway rat 1.05 --

Warfarin

0.025

House mouse 39.6

4.41

8.97*

Norway rat 10.5 2.37*

0.054

House mouse 85.5 19.4*

Norway rat 22.6 5.13*

Chlorophacinone 0.005

House mouse 7.91

1.14

6.94*

Norway rat 2.09 1.84*

Diphacinone 0.005 House mouse 7.91 2.08 3.80*
C-17

Norway rat 2.09 1.00*

Bromethalin 0.01

House mouse 15.8

No data --

Norway rat 4.19 --

Bolded (*) exceed Acute Risk LOC (0.5).
C-18

C-10. Secondary Birds: Number of Target Animals to Reach LD50-dose- 1 Day Accumulation

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Dose in 

Predator- 1 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Dose in 

Predator- 6 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kg-bwt)1

# of Animals to 

consume an unadjusted LD50-

dose- 1 Day 

Accumulation

# of Animals to 

consume an 

adjusted LD50-dose1 Day 

Accumulation2

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 10.86

0.25

0.49 0.35 0.14 0.27 0.19

1000 0.18 1.09 0.28 0.26 1.37 1.53 1.45

5000 0.04 0.22 0.19 0.22 6.87 5.20 5.98

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 60.61 0.49 0.35 0.02 0.05 0.03

1000 1.02 6.06 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.26

5000 0.20 1.21 0.19 0.22 1.23 0.93 1.07

Difethialone—0.0025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 0.91 5.14

0.30

0.28 0.33 0.30

1000 0.09 0.51 0.39 3.30 4.27

5000 0.02 0.10 0.49 16.48 27.18

Norway 

rat

100 5.08 28.70 0.28 0.06 0.05

1000 0.51 2.87 0.39 0.59 0.77

5000 0.10 0.57 0.49 2.95 4.87

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 9.10 53.21

525.00

347.02 57.69 38.13

1000 0.91 5.32 490.19 576.92 538.66

5000 0.18 1.06 624.03 2884.58 3428.71

Norway 

rat

100 50.79 296.99 347.02 10.34 6.83

1000 5.08 29.70 490.19 103.36 96.51

5000 1.02 5.94 624.03 516.82 614.31

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 19.66 114.94 525.00 347.02 26.71 17.65

1000 1.97 11.49 490.19 267.09 249.38
C-19

5000 0.39 2.30 624.03 1335.46 1587.36

Norway 

rat

100 109.71 641.50 347.02 4.79 3.16

1000 10.97 64.15 490.19 47.85 44.68

5000 2.19 12.83 624.03 239.27 284.40

Bromethalin—0.01% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 16.39

4.60

4.22 1.26 1.16

1000 0.36 1.64 5.96 12.64 16.37

5000 0.07 0.33 7.59 63.19 104.21

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 91.47 4.22 0.23 0.21

1000 2.03 9.15 5.96 2.26 2.93

5000 0.41 1.83 7.59 11.32 18.67

Chlorophacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 10.40

258.00

236.62 623.39 141.76 130.01 342.52

1000 0.18 1.04 334.24 18.40 1417.57 1836.46 101.08

5000 0.04 0.21 425.50 1.57 7087.84 11689.50 43.08

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 58.07 236.62 623.39 25.40 23.29 61.37

1000 1.02 5.81 334.24 18.40 253.98 329.03 18.11

5000 0.20 1.16 425.50 1.57 1269.90 2094.36 7.72

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 8.15

1630.00

1494.94 895.59 821.39

1000 0.18 0.82 2111.66 8955.95 11602.42

5000 0.04 0.16 2688.25 44779.73 73852.30

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 45.51 1494.94 160.46 147.17

1000 1.02 4.55 2111.66 1604.60 2078.76

5000 0.20 0.91 2688.25 8023.02 13231.84 1

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the adjusted LD50

using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For chlorophacinone, the left and right 

columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific 

scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED 

default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996).

2 Split columns show number of animals necessary to reach the median lethal dose calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see 
C-20

footnote #1.

C-11. Secondary Birds: Number of Target Animals to Reach LD50-dose- 6 Day Acummulation3

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Dose in 

Predator- 1 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Dose in 

Predator- 6 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kg-bwt)1

# of Animals to 

consume an unadjusted LD50-

dose- 6 Day 

Accumulation

# of Animals to 

consume an 

adjusted LD50-dose6 Day 

Accumulation2

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 10.86

0.25

0.49 0.35 0.02 0.04 0.03

1000 0.18 1.09 0.28 0.26 0.23 0.26 0.24

5000 0.04 0.22 0.19 0.22 1.15 0.87 1.00

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 60.61 0.49 0.35 0.00 0.01 0.01

1000 1.02 6.06 0.28 0.26 0.04 0.05 0.04

5000 0.20 1.21 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.16 0.18

Difethialone—0.0025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 0.91 5.14

0.30

0.28 0.06 0.05

1000 0.09 0.51 0.39 0.58 0.76

5000 0.02 0.10 0.49 2.92 4.81

Norway 

rat

100 5.08 28.70 0.28 0.01 0.01

1000 0.51 2.87 0.39 0.10 0.14

5000 0.10 0.57 0.49 0.52 0.86

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 9.10 53.21

525.00

347.02 9.87 6.52

1000 0.91 5.32 490.19 98.66 92.12

5000 0.18 1.06 624.03 493.32 586.38

Norway 

rat

100 50.79 296.99 347.02 1.77 1.17

1000 5.08 29.70 490.19 17.68 16.51

5000 1.02 5.94 624.03 88.39 105.06
C-21

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 19.66 114.94

525.00

347.02 4.57 3.02

1000 1.97 11.49 490.19 45.68 42.65

5000 0.39 2.30 624.03 228.39 271.47

Norway 

rat

100 109.71 641.50 347.02 0.82 0.54

1000 10.97 64.15 490.19 8.18 7.64

5000 2.19 12.83 624.03 40.92 48.64

Bromethalin—0.01% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 9.70

4.60

4.22 0.47 0.44

1000 0.36 0.97 5.96 4.74 6.14

5000 0.07 0.19 7.59 23.72 39.11

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 54.13 4.22 0.08 0.08

1000 2.03 5.41 5.96 0.85 1.10

5000 0.41 1.08 7.59 4.25 7.01

Chlorophacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 10.40

258.00

236.62 623.39 24.80 22.74 59.92

1000 0.18 1.04 334.24 18.40 247.98 321.25 17.68

5000 0.04 0.21 425.50 1.57 1239.88 2044.85 7.54

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 58.07 236.62 623.39 4.44 4.07 10.74

1000 1.02 5.81 334.24 18.40 44.43 57.56 3.17

5000 0.20 1.16 425.50 1.57 222.14 366.37 1.35

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 8.15

1630.00

1494.94 199.89 183.32

1000 0.18 0.82 2111.66 1998.86 2589.52

5000 0.04 0.16 2688.25 9994.28 16482.92

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 45.51 1494.94 35.81 32.85

1000 1.02 4.55 2111.66 358.13 463.95

5000 0.20 0.91 2688.25 1790.64 2953.18 1

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the adjusted LD50

using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For chlorophacinone, the left and right 
C-22

columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific 

scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED 

default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996).

2 Split columns show number of animals necessary to reach the median lethal dose calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see 

footnote #1.

3 Due to bromethalin’s rapid mode of action, numbers or individuals necessary to reach the median lethal dose are based on three day 

accumulation in prey.

C-12. Secondary Mammals: Number of Target Animals to Reach LD50-dose- 1 Day Accumulation

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Dose in 

Predator- 1 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Dose in 

Predator- 6 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kg-bwt)1

# of Animals to 

consume an unadjusted LD50-

dose- 1 Day 

Accumulation

# of Animals to 

consume an 

adjusted LD50-dose1 Day 

Accumulation2

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 21.72

0.48

0.78 0.13 0.21

1000 0.18 1.09 0.37 2.64 2.03

5000 0.06 0.36 0.28 7.91 4.62

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 121.21 0.78 0.02 0.04

1000 1.02 6.06 0.37 0.47 0.36

5000 0.34 2.02 0.28 1.42 0.83

Difethialone—0.0025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 10.28

0.55

0.89 0.30 0.49

1000 0.09 0.51 0.42 6.04 4.65

5000 0.03 0.17 0.32 18.13 10.60

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 57.40 0.89 0.05 0.09

1000 0.51 2.87 0.42 1.08 0.83

5000 0.17 0.96 0.32 3.25 1.90

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 18.20 106.42 3.0 4.88 0.16 0.27

1000 0.91 5.32 2.31 3.30 2.54
C

-23

5000 0.30 1.77 1.75 9.89 5.78

Norway 

rat

100 101.58 593.98 4.88 0.03 0.05

1000 5.08 29.70 2.31 0.59 0.45

5000 1.69 9.90 1.75 1.77 1.04

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 39.31 229.87

3.0

4.88 0.08 0.12

1000 1.97 11.49 2.31 1.53 1.17

5000 0.66 3.83 1.75 4.58 2.68

Norway 

rat

100 219.42 1283.00 4.88 0.01 0.02

1000 10.97 64.15 2.31 0.27 0.21

5000 3.66 21.38 1.75 0.82 0.48

Bromethalin—0.01% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 7.28 32.78

2.2

3.58 0.30 0.49

1000 0.36 1.64 1.69 6.04 4.65

5000 0.12 0.55 1.29 18.13 10.60

Norway 

rat

100 40.63 182.94 3.58 0.05 0.09

1000 2.03 9.15 1.69 1.08 0.83

5000 0.68 3.05 1.29 3.25 1.90

Chlorophacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 20.81

6.26

10.18 1.72 2.80

1000 0.18 1.04 4.81 34.40 26.46

5000 0.06 0.35 3.66 103.19 60.31

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 116.14 10.18 0.31 0.50

1000 1.02 5.81 4.81 6.16 4.74

5000 0.34 1.94 3.66 18.49 10.80

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 16.31

1.90

3.09 0.52 0.85

1000 0.18 0.82 1.46 10.44 8.03

5000 0.06 0.27 1.11 31.32 18.30

Norway 100 20.32 91.03 3.09 0.09 0.15
C-24

rat 1000 1.02 4.55 1.46 1.87 1.44

5000 0.34 1.52 1.11 5.61 3.28 1

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the adjusted LD50

using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For chlorophacinone, the left and right 

columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific 

scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED 

default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996).

2 Split columns show number of animals necessary to reach the median lethal dose calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see 

footnote #1.

C-13. Secondary Mammals: Number of Target Animals to Reach LD50-dose- 6 Day Accumulation3

Prey 

Species

Predator 

wt (g)

Dose in 

Predator- 1 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Dose in 

Predator- 6 

Day 

Accumulation

in Prey (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Unadjusted

LD50

(mg a.i./ 

kg-bwt)

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kg-bwt)1

# of Animals to 

consume an unadjusted LD50-

dose- 6 Day 

Accumulation

# of Animals to 

consume an 

adjusted LD50-dose6 Day 

Accumulation2

Brodifacoum—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 21.72

0.48

0.78 0.02 0.04

1000 0.18 1.09 0.37 0.44 0.34

5000 0.06 0.36 0.28 1.33 0.78

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 121.21 0.78 0.00 0.01

1000 1.02 6.06 0.37 0.08 0.06

5000 0.34 2.02 0.28 0.24 0.14

Difethialone—0.0025% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 1.82 10.28

0.55

0.89 0.05 0.09

1000 0.09 0.51 0.42 1.07 0.82

5000 0.03 0.17 0.32 3.21 1.88

Norway 

rat

100 10.16 57.40 0.89 0.01 0.02

1000 0.51 2.87 0.42 0.19 0.15

5000 0.17 0.96 0.32 0.57 0.34

Warfarin—0.025% a.i.
C

-25

House 

mouse

100 18.20 106.42

3.0

4.88 0.03 0.05

1000 0.91 5.32 2.31 0.56 0.43

5000 0.30 1.77 1.75 1.69 0.99

Norway 

rat

100 101.58 593.98 4.88 0.01 0.01

1000 5.08 29.70 2.31 0.10 0.08

5000 1.69 9.90 1.75 0.30 0.18

Warfarin—0.054% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 39.31 229.87

3.0

4.88 0.01 0.02

1000 1.97 11.49 2.31 0.26 0.20

5000 0.66 3.83 1.75 0.78 0.46

Norway 

rat

100 219.42 1283.00 4.88 0.00 0.00

1000 10.97 64.15 2.31 0.05 0.04

5000 3.66 21.38 1.75 0.14 0.08

Bromethalin—0.01% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 7.28 19.40

2.2

3.58 0.11 0.18

1000 0.36 0.97 1.69 2.27 1.74

5000 0.12 0.32 1.29 6.81 3.98

Norway 

rat

100 40.63 108.26 3.58 0.02 0.03

1000 2.03 5.41 1.69 0.41 0.31

5000 0.68 1.80 1.29 1.22 0.71

Chlorophacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 20.81

6.26

10.18 0.30 0.49

1000 0.18 1.04 4.81 6.02 4.63

5000 0.06 0.35 3.66 18.05 10.55

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 116.14 10.18 0.05 0.09

1000 1.02 5.81 4.81 1.08 0.83

5000 0.34 1.94 3.66 3.23 1.89

Diphacinone—0.005% a.i.

House 

mouse

100 3.64 16.31 1.90 3.09 0.12 0.19

1000 0.18 0.82 1.46 2.33 1.79
C-26

5000 0.06 0.27 1.11 6.99 4.09

Norway 

rat

100 20.32 91.03 3.09 0.02 0.03

1000 1.02 4.55 1.46 0.42 0.32

5000 0.34 1.52 1.11 1.25 0.73 1

Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right columns give the adjusted LD50

using brodifacoum specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and (2001), respectively. For chlorophacinone, the left and right 

columns gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and the chlorophacinone specific 

scaling factor from Mineau et al. (2001), respectively. For other chemicals, the single column gives the adjusted LD50 using the EFED 

default scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996).

2 Split columns show number of animals necessary to reach the median lethal dose calculated from the respective adjusted LD50, see 

footnote #1.

3 Due to bromethalin’s rapid mode of action, numbers or individuals necessary to reach the median lethal dose are based on three day 

accumulation in prey. 
C-27

EMPERICAL ANALYSES

C-14. Expected Rodenticide Intakes for Carnivorous Birds based on Consumption of 

Contaminated Carcasses

Rodenticide Weight (g) Food intake 

(g dry-wt/day)

Food intake 

(g wet-wt/day)

Rodenticide intake 

(mg a.i./kg-bwt/day)1

Brodifacoum

100 12.99 40.59 2.83

1000 58.15 181.73 1.27

5000 165.81 518.15 0.72

Difethialone

100 12.99 40.59 1.26

1000 58.15 181.73 0.56

5000 165.81 518.15 0.32

Warfarin

100 12.99 40.59 1.20

1000 58.15 181.73 0.54

5000 165.81 518.15 0.31

Chlorophacinone

100 12.99 40.59 0.64

1000 58.15 181.73 0.29

5000 165.81 518.15 0.16

Diphacinone

100 12.99 40.59 0.57

1000 58.15 181.73 0.25

5000 165.81 518.15 0.15

1 See Table 3.8 for derivation.

C-15. Expected Rodenticide Intakes for Carnivorous Mammals based on Consumption of 

Contaminated Carcasses

Rodenticide Weight (g) Food intake 

(g dry-wt/day)

Food intake 

(g wet-wt/day)

Rodenticide intake 

(mg a.i./kg-bwt/day)1

Brodifacoum

50 5.9 18.3 2.55

1000 68.7 214.7 1.50

3000 169.5 529.8 1.23

Difethialone

50 5.9 18.3 1.13

1000 68.7 214.7 0.67

3000 169.5 529.8 0.55

Warfarin 50 5.9 18.3 1.10
C-28

1000 68.7 214.7 0.64

3000 169.5 529.8 0.53 

Chlorophacinone

50 5.86 18.30 0.58

1000 68.72 214.74 0.34

3000 169.54 529.80 0.28

Diphacinone

50 5.86 18.30 0.51

1000 68.72 214.74 0.30

3000 169.54 529.80 0.25

1 See Table 3.8 for derivation.

C-16. Carnivorous/Scavenger Bird Acute RQs based on a Single-dose of 

Rodenticide by Gavage, consumption of contaminated carcasses

Rodenticide Weight (g) Rodenticide 

intake (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt/day)1

LD50 (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kgbwt)2,3

RQ4,5

Brodifacoum 100 2.83 0.25 0.44 0.33 6.42* 8.54*

1000 1.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 5.01* 5.04*

5000 0.72 0.25 0.17 0.21 4.21* 3.49*

Difethialone 100 1.26 0.30 0.27 4.64*

1000 0.56 0.30 0.38 1.47*

5000 0.32 0.30 0.49 0.66*

Warfarin 100 1.20 525 347.02 < 0.01

1000 0.54 525 490.19 < 0.01

5000 0.31 525 624.03 < 0.01

Chlorophacinone

100 0.64 258 232.00 726.23 < 0.01 < 0.01

1000 0.29 258 327.71 22.50 < 0.01 0.01

5000 0.16 258 417.20 1.92 < 0.01 0.09

Diphacinone

100 0.57 1630 1480.38 < 0.01

1000 0.25 1630 2091.10 < 0.01

5000 0.15 1630 2662.07 < 0.01

1 See Tables 3.8 and 3.9 for derivation.

2 See Table 5.2 for derivation with assessed body weights used in this table.

3 Split columns show LD50s adjusted using different scaling factors. For brodifacoum, the left and right 

columns give the adjusted LD50 using chemical specific scaling factor from Mineau et al. (1996) and 

(2001), respectively. 
C-29

4 Split columns show RQs calculated from the respective adjusted LD50.

Bolded (*) exceed Acute Risk LOC (0.5).

C-17. Carnivorous/Scavenger Mammal Acute RQs based on a Single-dose of 

Rodenticide by Gavage, consumption of contaminated carcasses

Rodenticide Weight (g) Rodenticide 

intake (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt/day)1

LD50 (mg 

a.i./kg-bwt)

Adjusted LD50

(mg a.i./kgbwt)2

RQ3

(adjusted for 

weight)

Brodifacoum 50 2.55 0.48 0.71 3.59*

1000 1.50 0.48 0.34 4.46*

3000 1.23 0.48 0.26 4.83*

Difethialone 50 1.13 0.55 0.81 1.41*

1000 0.67 0.55 0.38 1.75*

3000 0.55 0.55 0.29 1.89*

Warfarin 50 1.08 3.0 4.22 0.26

1000 0.63 3.0 2.00 0.32

3000 0.52 3.0 1.52 0.34

Chlorophacinone 50 0.58 6.26 8.56 0.07

1000 0.34 6.26 4.05 0.08

3000 0.28 6.26 3.08 0.08

Diphacinone 50 0.51 2.30 3.35 0.15

1000 0.30 2.30 1.58 0.19

3000 0.25 2.30 1.20 0.21

1 See Tables 3.8 and 3.9 for derivation.

2

 See Table 5.2 for derivation with assessed body weights used in this table.

Bolded (*) exceed Acute Risk LOC (0.5).

C-18. Bird Acute RQs based on a 5-day Exposure to Rodenticide in the Diet, consumption 

of contaminated carcasses

Rodenticide Warfarin 

concentration in 

carcass (mg a.i./kgcarcass)

LC50

(mg a.i./kg-diet)

RQ1

Brodifacoum 6.98 1.33 5.25*

Difethialone 3.10 0.56 5.54*

Warfarin 2.95 625 < 0.01
C-30

Chlorophacinone 1.58 72 0.02

Diphacinone 1.40 906 < 0.01

Bolded (*) exceed Acute Risk LOC (0.5).

C-19. Mammal Acute RQs based on a 5-day Exposure to Rodenticide in the Diet, 

consumption of contaminated carcasses

Rodenticide Warfarin 

concentration in 

carcass (mg a.i./kgcarcass)

LC50

(mg a.i./kg-diet)

RQ1

Brodifacoum 6.98 0.53 13.17*

Warfarin 2.95 4.41 0.67*

Chlorophacinone 1.58 1.14 1.39*

Diphacinone 1.40 2.31 0.61*

Bolded (*) exceed Acute Risk LOC (0.5).