# Patent

## Title
Mitred grate and drain cover

## Abstract

A drain cover and pipe combination comprises a drain cover including a substantially elliptical frame portion defining a space, the space having an axis substantially normal to the frame, and at least one cross piece located in the space so as to define a plurality of openings in the drain cover. The pipe comprises a substantially tubular member having a longitudinal axis, with the pipe having a substantially elliptical shaped rim at one end thereof with a rim axis which is other than parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member. Securing means are provided for securing the drain cover over the rim of the pipe.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation in part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/826,641 filed Apr. 05, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,595,721 issued Jul. 22, 2003, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to mitred grates and drain covers. More particularly, the invention relates to drain covers and grates, with or without drain pipes, for use on sloped or inclined surfaces.
Drainage pipes play an important role in the design and structure of buildings, landscaping and the like in order to permit collected or run-off water to be removed from areas, and to conduct the flow of such water to city drainage installations. A typical drainage pipe may be located adjacent a building, or in a parking lot or other landscape structures, with a drain cover or grate closing off the pipe. The drain cover or grate is preferably flush with the surface, and permits water run-off to flow through the grate, and into the pipe for further removal.
It is an inherent feature of the drainage pipes that they slope from the water collection point, namely, at the open end of the pipe (or the pipe flow entrance) including the grate or drainage cover, and that the pipes slope therefrom to a street gutter, curb, or the next stage of the sewer system. These pipes will, therefore, often flow under parking lots, sidewalks or other areas, in carrying the collected water from the pipe flow-line entrance to the street or guttering for further removal.
Existing drainpipes typically comprise a series of pipes which have a water-flow entrance, and which are located in the area to be drained, a series of connected piping through which the water can flow, and an outlet at a remote end from the water flow entrance, where water flowing through the pipe is discharged for further removal through other sewer systems.
In a typical form, the grates or pipe covers which are placed over the drain pipe at the flow-water entrance end are circular, corresponding substantially in size to the diameter of the drain pipe. These grates are necessary, and perform an important function, in that they permit the free flow of water from the collection area into the drain pipe, but prevent larger objects from entering the drain pipe and ultimately blocking the system.
Therefore, the drain pipe covers and grates provide a useful and indispensable function, allowing the drainage of water, but selectively, depending upon the size and configuration of the grate, preventing small stones, sticks or other items from causing a blockage in the system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a drain cover and pipe combination, the combination comprising a drain cover including a substantially elliptical frame portion defining a space, the space having an axis substantially normal to the frame, and at least one cross piece located in the space so as to define a plurality of openings in the drain cover; a pipe comprising a substantially tubular member having a longitudinal axis, the pipe having a substantially elliptical shaped rim at one end thereof with a rim axis which is other than parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member; and securing means for securing the drain cover over the rim of the pipe.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a mitred grate and drain cover comprising: a peripheral edge having an upper and lower surface and a substantially elliptical shape which defines a space, and a plurality of cross pieces within the space; depending sidewalls extending from the lower surface of the peripheral edge, the sidewalls being constructed with respect to the peripheral edge such that they are at an angle other than 90° to the peripheral edge, the sidewalls defining a space for receiving a pipe.
Preferably, the mitred grate and drain cover further comprises securing means for securing the grate and drain cover to a pipe. The grate or drain cover can be used both as an inlet and an outlet.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a drain cover comprising a grate having peripheral edge defining a space and at least one cross piece extending within the space, the grate having an upper surface and lower surface; and depending sidewalls extending from the lower surface of the grate, and constructed at an angle thereto other than 90°.
Preferably, the peripheral edge and sidewalls define a receiving space for receiving a pipe having an open end which is received within the space. Securing means for securing the grate to a pipe may also be provided.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a mitred grate and drain cover comprising an elliptical peripheral edge defining a space and at least one cross piece located in the space so as to define a plurality of openings in the grate, and securing means for securing the grate to an end of a pipe.
The invention therefore provides for a grate or pipe cover for use in drainage systems, the grate being of a substantially elliptical or similar such shape, so that it fits over a pipe which has been cut obliquely, rather than in a direction substantially normal to the flow of water therein. This arrangement of an oblique or mitred grate permits increased flexibility in locating drain pipes and their cover grates, making it no longer necessary to have the grate or drain pipe cover on a substantially vertical pipe, as is the present situation. Thus, the water inflow end of the pipe can be sloped all the way up to the surface, providing greater flexibility to design engineers where only a very slight slope is permitted due to the lie of the land. This flexibility is achieved by avoiding the need for the vertical component upon which the substantially round grate is placed, sometimes providing as much as an additional 6-18 or more inches of vertical height, depending upon the pipe size, which could otherwise be used to slope the pipe.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the open end of the pipe, with the mitred grate, presents a significantly larger surface area to water being drained, and is therefore able to achieve higher levels of drainage than may have been possible with the smaller surface area round grate covering a pipe of approximately equivalent diameter. The oblique or mitred grate of the invention can also be used so that the angle at which the pipe is cut causes the resulting opening to be essentially flush with any surface at which the water inlet end is located, whether the surface is horizontal, somewhat inclined, or closer to vertical, as a curb or sidewalk edge may be.
At the same time, while permitting a greater inflow of water, the grate prevents, to the same extent as any other grate, the influx of debris and landscape materials entering the pipe, which either causes clogging of the pipe or the conveyance of debris to the street where it may create an unsightly mess.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a drainpipe and grate typical of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the grate shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the drain cover and grate with pipe of the invention constructed beneath a sidewalk;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of the drain cover and grate with pipe of the invention constructed adjacent to the curb, without a sidewalk;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the drain pipe and grate cover, in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-section along line A—A in FIG. 5 of the drawings;
FIG. 7 is a cross-section through lines B—B in FIG. 5 of the drawings;
FIG. 8 is a cross-section through similar to FIG. 7 of the drawings, but showing another embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a cross-section through the drain cover and grate with pipe of the invention showing another embodiment by means of which the grate can be affixed to the pipe;
FIG. 10 shows yet a further embodiment of the invention by means of which the grate can be affixed to the pipe;
FIG. 11 is yet a further embodiment, in cross-section, showing attachment of a grate to a pipe;
FIG. 12 is yet a further embodiment, in cross-section, showing attachment of a grate to a pipe;
FIG. 13 is yet a further embodiment, in cross-section, showing attachment of a grate to a pipe; and
FIG. 14 shows yet a further means of attachment using a flexible sleeve.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is, in one aspect, for a mitred grate or drain cover, particularly for use in conjunction with a drain pipe having an obliquely cut end, the combination of the grate and drain pipe providing increased drainage surface area for a pipe of predetermined diameter, thereby permitting drainage of greater quantities of water. The grate and/or drain pipe of the invention also provide the ability whereby the grate is able to mesh in with the various inclined or sloped surfaces in a construction site or in landscaping. Further, the obliquely cut drainage pipe, and grate which fits thereover, permits more effective use of slope available for the drainage pipe over a given area, especially where only a very short vertical distance and relatively little slope is permitted by the characteristics of the area. In other words, a conventional pipe and grate where a vertical component is required would require a greater vertical distance to be sloped at a given angle than the drain pipe and cover of the invention, where no such vertical component is necessary.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, which show prior art grates and piping. In FIG. 1, a drain pipe and grate combination 10 comprises a vertical pipe 12, a sloping pipe 14 and an elbow connector 16 between the vertical pipe 12 and the sloping pipe 14. The vertical pipe 12 is cut normal to the axis of thereof so as to define an open end 18. The open end 18 is fitted with a grate or pipe cover 20 which covers the open end 18.
As will be seen in FIG. 2, which is a top view of the grate 20, the grate 20 comprises an annular ring portion 22, and various cross pieces 24. The cross pieces 24 and annular ring portion 22 which make up the grate 20 are in use, flush with the surface they are built in to, and permit water to flow from the surrounding area into the vertical pipe 12 for removal. Water runs through openings 26 defined by the cross pieces 24 of the grate 20, into the vertical pipe 12, through elbow 16, and then into the sloping pipe 14 where it is conveyed to a curbside gutter, or to a city sewerage system or the like. The grate 20 is constructed such that the cross pieces 24 will prevent larger objects from entering the vertical pipe 12, and, therefore, stones, twigs or other items which may potentially block the pipes 12 and 14, and obstruct the water and proper drainage, are caught and prevented from entering the pipe.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3 of the drawings which shows a diagrammatic representation of the drain cover and grate in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 3, there is shown diagrammatically a sidewalk 30, the upper surface of which may be comprised of dirt, concrete, grass or such other material as may be conventional. Below the sidewalk, there is located a pipe 32 having an open end 34. The open end 34 is covered by a grate 36, and the open end 34 and grate 36 are located near a surface, designated by reference numeral 38, in which water is directed, or collects, and from which the water is to flow into the pipe 32 for drainage purposes.
Also shown in FIG. 3 in a schematic manner is a street pavement 40, a curb 42, and a gutter 44, defined between the pavement 40 and the curb 42. The pipe 32 extends in a sloping manner under the sidewalk 30, terminating in end 46, which opens into the gutter 44. Thus, water which collects at surface 38 flows through the grate 36, into the pipe 32 and out through the end 46 into the gutter where it will flow for further collection in the city sewerage drainage system or the like. In FIG. 3, the reference numeral 48 indicates the flow direction of the water from the end 34 to the end 46, the flow being permitted by the slope or inclined nature at which the pipe 32 is located in the ground.
It will be noted at this point that the open end 34 is mitred, or cut obliquely, along the pipe 32, so that it defines an elliptical opening, as opposed to a substantially circular opening in conventional drainage pipes, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4 of the drawings, which shows a diagrammatic representation of a drain cover and grate with pipe of the invention, much the same as shown in FIG. 3, except that in FIG. 4 there is no sidewalk. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the same reference numerals have been used to identify corresponding elements. Thus, FIG. 4 shows a sloped pipe 32, having an opening 34 for defining the flow entrance for water, covered by a grate 36. Water flows through the pipe in the direction indicated by arrow 48, eventually reaching the end 46 for discharge into the gutter 44 adjacent the pavement 40. Thus, water accumulating, collecting or directed to the surface 38 will ultimately pass through the grate 36, and into the pipe for drainage purposes.
FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of the pipe and grate of the invention. In FIG. 5, there is shown the end portion of a pipe 50, having an open end 52 on which is mounted a grate 54. The grate 54 comprises a peripheral edge 56, and a plurality of transverse pieces 58 defining a plurality of openings 60. The pipe end 52 is cut obliquely, or mitred, and not, as is common in the prior art, at right angles to the direction of water flow, indicated by arrow 62.
FIG. 6 of the drawings shows a cross-section through the pipe 50 and grate 54 shown in FIG. 5, along line A-A thereof. With reference to FIG. 6, the grate 54 comprises the peripheral edge 56, and cylindrical sidewalls 64 extending form the inner surface 66 of the peripheral edge 56. The peripheral edge 56 and sidewalls 64 define a receiving space 68, in which is received the end 52 of the pipe 50. FIG. 6 clearly illustrates the oblique or mitred cut of the pipe 50. In use, the end 52 of the pipe 50 slides into the receiving space 68, and is firmly attached thereto by bolts or screws, as will be described.
It will be noted in FIG. 6 that the sidewall 64 depending from the inner surface 66 of the peripheral edge 56 is at an angle other than 90°, or normal to, the plane of the grate 54. It will be appreciated that this angle can be appropriately constructed and configured for a particular purpose, although certain common constructions having recurring usages may be appropriate. Possibly the more common angles are those provided by a two-to-one or a three-to-one incline.
It will also be seen in FIG. 6 that the pipe 50 and grate 54 are constructed, in this case, into a surface 70, and are flush with that surface 70. This surface 70 may comprise grass, dirt, concrete or the like. Water may run down this surface, or indeed the horizontal surface 72, for collection and drainage through the grate 54 and pipe 50 for further treatment.
Reference is made to FIG. 7 of the drawings, showing a section through the grate and pipe of FIG. 5, along lines B-B thereof. The grate 54 includes the sidewalls 64 thereof, defining the receiving space 68 in which the end 52 of the pipe 50 is received. The sidewall 64 includes one or more holes 74 at different positions around the circumference of the sidewall 64. The pipe 50 has corresponding or registering holes 76, and the pipe 50 is located within the receiving space 68, so that the holes 74 and 76 are aligned with each other. A screw (self-tapping or otherwise) or bolt 78 extends through the holes 74 and 76 in order to firmly secure the grate 54 to the pipe 50.
The grate 54 may be constructed of metal, brass, plastic, cast iron, polyethylene or other appropriate materials. Further, the grate can be manufactured with or without the flange or sidewalls 64. Where such sidewall 64 forms part of the grate 54, attachment may be in a manner illustrated in FIG. 7 of the drawings. However, if no such sidewalls 64 are provided, various other methods of attaching the grate to the end of the pipe can be used. These may include holes in the peripheral edge 56 of the grate 54, through which screws may pass to securely attach to the wall of the pipe 50, in conventional manner. Alternately, attachment may be effected by glue or friction type clips on the inside or outside of the pipe.
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment where the grate is attached to the end of the pipe by screws 86, in the situation where the pipe has no side walls.
FIG. 9 of the drawings shows a another embodiment of the drain cover and pipe of the invention with an alternative mechanism for connecting the two components together. In this Figure, like reference numerals will be used to identify corresponding components to those in the earlier embodiments described. Thus, a pipe 50 having an end 52 is formed under a surface 70, and horizontal surface 72, and is covered by a drain cover or grate 54. In this embodiment, the grate 54 has a depending flange 92 of more or less triangular shape, having an edge 94 substantially normal to the grate 54, and an angled edge 96. The flange 92 forms a plate, and includes an aperture 98 therein which can receive a screw, bolt, or other connecting means for securing the grate 54 to the end 52, of the pipe 50. The flange 92 will be secured in much the same way as is described and illustrated with respect to FIG. 6 above.
One of a plurality of nipples 100 can be suitably placed on the grate in order to provide a stop for the pipe 50, which helps to ensure that every pipe is properly located and mounted with respect to the grate 54, thereby facilitating and simplifying the installation process.
Turning to FIG. 10 of the drawings, there is shown yet a further embodiment for attaching a grate 54 to a pipe 50. In this Figure, where appropriate, similar reference numerals will be used for corresponding components shown in earlier Figures. The mechanism by which the grate 54 is attached to the end 52 of the pipe 50, as shown in FIG. 10 is by the use of a plurality of screws 106, which may be suitably located around the periphery of the grate so as to provide a secure connection. The screws 106 insert directly into the wall of the pipe 50. Additionally, there may optionally be a layer of glue between the end 52 of the pipe 50 and the grate 54.
FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein the grate 54 is glued to the pipe 50. FIG. 11 shows a continuous layer of glue or epoxy 112 formed between the undersurface of the grate 54 and the peripheral outer edges of the pipe 50. It is to be noted that the option of the glue or epoxy connection may be used with or without bolts, screws or the like. Epoxy or glue may be appropriate, for example, for smaller diameter pipes, or where the flow of water and/or exposure of the grate 54 may be reduced, or where the drain cover is not subject to high traffic.
FIG. 12 shows yet another embodiment of the invention whereby the grate 54 can be attached to the pipe 50. The grate 54 has downwardly depending side walls 114, having an outer surface 116 and an inner surface 118. A saw-tooth, or other, shaped projection 120 is formed on the inner surface 118, and a correspondingly shaped recess 122 is formed on the outer wall of the pipe 50. The projection 120, when the grate 54 is forced over the end of the pipe 50, engages in the recesses 122. It will be appreciated that the shape, and direction of movement when securing the components, of each of the projections 120 make it feasible for the grate 54 to slide over the pipe 50 so that the projections 120 can engage within the recesses 122, but it will be very difficult to, under normal circumstances, remove the grate 54. This can be achieved either by lightly expanding the side wall 116, and/or pressing in the pipe 150. Otherwise, the projections 120 are likely to break before the grate 54 can be removed from the pipe 50.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, it will be seen that there are two rows of protections 120, and in accordance with the principles of the invention, the grate 54 need not have two projections, but can have only one, or any other suitable number. It should also be appreciated that the projections, in another embodiment of the invention which is not illustrated, may be formed on the outside of the pipe, with corresponding recesses on the side walls of the grate. Moreover, a combination of recesses and projections either on the inside of the side wall 116, or on the outside of the pipe 50, may also be used.
Reference is now made to FIG. 13, which shows yet a further embodiment by means of which the grate 54 can be attached to the pipe 50. As was the case in FIG. 12, the grate 54 has depending side walls 114 having an outer surface 116 and an inner surface 118. The inner surface 118 of the side walls 114, and/or the outer surface of the pipe 50 may be formed with registering recesses 126 and 128 respectively, together defining a space 130 in which is located a compression-type ring 132. When the grate 54, with the ring 132, is forced over the pipe 50, the ring 132 will engage both of the recesses 126 and 128 on the grate 54 and pipe 50 respectively, thus keeping the grate 54 firmly secured on the pipe.
Alternatives to FIG. 13 may be the provision of only one ring, or three or more rings, as opposed to the two shown in the Figure. Further, the space 130 defined between the recesses 126 and 128 is generally of rectangular shape, as shown in FIG. 13, but the recesses may be of any suitable shape so as to define a space 130 of desired dimension and shape.
With reference to FIG. 14 of the drawings, yet a further embodiment is shown for securing the grate 54 to the pipe 50. The grate 54 has depending side walls 114, and a flexible sleeve 136, of generally tubular shape, extending from just below the outer surface of the grate 54 to over the pipe 50. The sleeve, which can be comprised of flexible rubber, plastic, ABS or any other suitable material, is secured to the grate 54 by means of a clamp 138, and the other side of the sleeve 136 is secured to the pipe 50 by means of another clamp 140. The clamps 138 and 140 are appropriately tightened or loosened in conventional fashion so as to form a ring to firmly clamp the sleeve 136 against the grate 54 and/or the pipe 50 respectively.
It should also be appreciated that the grate may be constructed so as to fit on to a very significant range of pipes and ground slopes. In one preferred embodiment, the grate may be manufactured to match a 2:1 ground slope. In another application, the grate can be applied to larger pipes to prevent access into the pipe by animals and/or children.
The invention is not limited to the precise constructional details described herein.

## Claims

1. A mitred grate and drain cover comprising:
a peripheral edge having an upper and lower surface and a substantially elliptical shape which defines a space, the space having an axis substantially normal to the peripheral edge, and a plurality of cross pieces within the space; 
a depending sidewall having an axis and extending from the lower surface of the peripheral edge, the sidewall being constructed such that the axis of the space and the axis of the sidewall are other than parallel to each other, the sidewall defining a receiving space for receiving a pipe.

2. A mitred grate and drain cover as claimed in claim 1 further comprising securing means for securing the grate and drain cover to a pipe.

3. A drain cover comprising:
a grate having peripheral edge defining a space having an axis substantially normal to the peripheral edge and at least one cross piece extending within the space at substantially right angles to the axis of the space, the grate having an upper surface and lower surface; 
a depending sidewall having an axis, the sidewall extending from the lower surface of the grate, and constructed such that the axis of the space and the axis of the sidewall are other than parallel to each other.

4. A drain cover as claimed in claim 3 wherein the peripheral edge and sidewall define a receiving space for receiving a pipe having an open end which is received within the space.

5. A grate as claimed in claim 3 further comprising securing means for securing the grate to a pipe.

6. A mitred grate and drain cover comprising an elliptical peripheral edge defining a space, the space having an axis substantially normal to the peripheral edge, and at least one cross piece located in the space so as to define a plurality of openings in the grate, and securing means for securing the grate to an end of a pipe which has a longitudinal axis, the grate when secured to the pipe being such that the axis of the space and the longitudinal axis of the pipe are other parallel to each other.

7. A drain cover and pipe combination, the combination the combination comprising:
a drain cover including a substantially elliptical frame portion defining a space, the space having an axis substantially perpendicular to the frame, and at least one cross piece located in the space so as to define a plurality of openings in the drain cover; 
a pipe comprising a substantially tubular member having a longitudinal axis, the pipe having a substantially elliptical shaped rim at one end thereof with a rim axis which is other than parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member, the frame portion and the rim each having substantially corresponding dimensions so that the frame portion covers at least a part of the rim, wherein the angle between the rim axis and the axis of the tubular member is selected depending upon the slope or angle of a surface or substrate in which the drain cover may be mounted; 
the drain cover having an upper surface and a lower surface, and a depending side wall extending from the lower surface, the depending side wall having a substantially tubular shape with longitudinal axis corresoonding to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member of the pipe, the depending side wall connectably engaging with the tubular member of the pipe; and 
securing means on the frame portion for securing the drain cover over the rim of the pipe.

8. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the lower surface of the drain cover comprises at least one guide member to facilitate proper orientation between the drain cover and the pipe.

9. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the securing means comprises a tooth-shaped projection on the depending side wall and a corresponding recess on the pipe, the projection and recess engaging one another to secure the drain cover to the pipe.

10. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein:
the depending side wall has at least one recess therein, and the pipe has at least one corresponding recess therein which corresponds to the recess in the depending wall when the drain cover and pipe are secured to each other, the recesses defining a space; and 
a sealing ring is disposed within the space defined by the recesses.

11. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 further comprising a flexible sleeve extending over the depending side wall and the pipe, and means for securing the sleeve to the drain cover and pipe respectively.

12. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 11 wherein the flexible sleeve is secured at each end thereof by means of a clamp.

13. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the depending side wall has at least one projection on an inner wall thereof, and the pipe has at least one corresponding recess on the outer wall thereof, the projection and recess matingly engaging each other when the drain cover and pipe are secured to each other.

14. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the depending side wall has at least one recess on the inner wall thereof, and the pipe has at least one corresponding projection on the outer wall thereof, the projection and recess matingly engaging each other when the drain cover and pipe are secured to each other.

15. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the drain cover has a plurality of apertures on the frame portion thereof, and the securing means comprises a plurality of screws which pass through the apertures and engage the rim of the pipe.

16. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the securing means comprises a plurality of depending flanges extending from an undersurface of the drain cover, each flange being connected to the pipe.

17. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 16 wherein the flange comprises a triangular-shaped plate portion with an aperture therein, the plate portion being secured to the pipe by means of a bolt passing through the aperture and into the pipe.

18. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 16 wherein the flange comprises an elongate rectangular-shaped plate portion with an aperture therein, the plate portion being secured to the pipe by means of a bolt passing through the aperture and into the pipe.

19. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein the securing means comprises and adhesive layer between the rim of the pipe and the frame portion of the drain cover.

20. A drain cover and pipe combination as claimed in claim 19 wherein the adhesive is selected from the group consisting of glue and epoxy or a combination thereof.