COURT OF APPEALS

DECISION

DATED AND FILED

September 6, 2024

Samuel A. Christensen

Clerk of Court of Appeals

NOTICE

This opinion is subject to further editing. If 

published, the official version will appear in 

the bound volume of the Official Reports. 

A party may file with the Supreme Court a 

petition to review an adverse decision by the 

Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10 

and RULE 809.62. 

Appeal No. 2023AP911-CR Cir. Ct. No. 2019CF540

STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS

DISTRICT IV

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

 PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,

 V.

JEREMY BRYAN DREW,

 DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT.

APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Monroe County: 

MARK L. GOODMAN, Judge. Affirmed.

Before Kloppenburg, P.J., Graham, and Taylor, JJ. 

Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent 

or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).
No. 2023AP911-CR

2

¶1 PER CURIAM. In 2016, the State charged Jeremy Bryan Drew 

with multiple felony counts alleging crimes related to sexual assaults of his minor 

child, A.B., and one count alleging physical abuse of A.B.’s older brother.1 Drew 

entered Alford pleas pursuant to a plea agreement with the State in 2018, resolving 

all of the charges against him, and he was sentenced in February 2019.2 

¶2 In October 2019, the State filed the criminal complaint in this action 

against Drew alleging crimes related to sexual assaults of A.B.3 Drew moved to 

dismiss the 2019 case. Drew argued that the charges in the 2019 case were 

resolved by the plea agreement in the 2016 case, and, therefore, that the prosecutor 

breached the plea agreement in the 2016 case by filing the criminal complaint in 

the 2019 case. As a remedy, Drew sought the specific performance of the plea 

agreement in the form of the dismissal of the 2019 case. The Monroe County 

circuit court granted the motion to dismiss. The court found that the allegations 

underlying the charges in the 2019 case have “virtually [the] identical fact pattern” 

and time frame—comprising oral and anal sex in the family residence when A.B. 

was eight or nine years old—as the allegations underlying the charges in the 2016 

case. The court determined that the filing of the charges in the 2019 case breached 

the prosecutor’s implicit promise that the plea agreement in the 2016 case 

 

1

 To protect the dignity and privacy of the victim, we refer to her as A.B., using initials 

that do not correspond to her real name. See WIS. STAT. RULES 809.19(1)(g) and 809.86 (2021-

22). All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2021-22 version unless otherwise noted.

2

 An Alford plea is a guilty plea that allows the defendant to maintain the defendant’s 

innocence but “accept a conviction and sentence for the crime.” State v. Nash, 2020 WI 85, ¶¶2, 

33, 394 Wis. 2d 238, 951 N.W.2d 404 (citing North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37 (1970)).

3

 For ease of reading, we generally refer to the 2016 complaint and subsequent plea and 

sentencing as the “2016 case” and the 2019 complaint and subsequent proceedings as the “2019 

case.”
No. 2023AP911-CR

3

constituted “a full and final resolution” of all of A.B.’s sexual assault allegations 

in the time frame at issue in the 2016 case. 

¶3 On appeal, the State argues that the circuit court erred when it 

dismissed the 2019 case because, it contends, the charges in the 2019 case are 

distinct from those resolved by the plea agreement in the 2016 case. In support, 

the State relies exclusively on the offense dates stated in the charging documents 

in both cases. More specifically, it argues that the charges in the 2016 case were

limited to offenses that occurred in May 2015, the date stated in the amended 

information, and the charges in the 2019 case relate to offenses that occurred 

before May 2015. However, the State’s argument fails because it disregards the 

court’s factual findings in the 2019 case, which the State does not show are clearly 

erroneous, that the offenses charged in both cases are based on allegations that 

share the same fact pattern and occurred during the same time frame when A.B. 

was eight or nine years old. More specifically, the State fails to support its 

assertion that the 2019 case charges offenses that occurred before the offenses 

charged in the 2016 case. 

¶4 Accordingly, we conclude that the State fails to show that the 

offenses charged in the 2019 case are distinct from those that were resolved by the 

plea agreement in the 2016 case. Because the State does not develop an argument 
No. 2023AP911-CR

4

that the circuit court otherwise erred in granting specific performance of the 2016 

plea agreement in the form of the dismissal of the 2019 case, we affirm.4 

BACKGROUND

¶5 The following facts relating to the 2016 and the 2019 cases are 

undisputed.

The 2016 case

¶6 A.B. was interviewed at her school by a detective and a social 

worker on November 1, 2016, when she was eleven years old. She described 

Drew’s actions, either by speaking or in writing during the interview, as follows. 

Drew forced her to engage in anal and oral sex acts “more than 7 times.” On one 

occasion, Drew entered the family bathroom as A.B. was getting out of the shower 

and he “got naked,” put her on the bed in the bedroom, and “put his penis in [her] 

mouth and butt.” When he took his clothes off, she asked what he was doing and 

he said “wait and find out.” She thought at the time that she could trust him, could 

not believe that he “did it,” and almost vomited. On other occasions, Drew

touched her breasts and her genitals with his hand, and his penis touched her 

“butt” and her mouth. Drew also physically abused her and her older brother. The 

sexual assaults occurred approximately two years before the November 1, 2016 

interview, when A.B. would have been about nine years old. 

 

4

 Specifically, the State does not make an argument that, if we conclude that the 

prosecutor breached the plea agreement, either the breach was not material or the circuit court 

erroneously exercised its discretion in ordering specific performance by dismissing the 2019 case. 

See State v. Deilke, 2004 WI 104, ¶¶10, 13, 274 Wis. 2d 595, 682 N.W.2d 945 (Only material 

and substantial violations of the terms of a plea agreement implicate due process and require a

remedy; and an appellate court will not reverse the remedy selected by the circuit court for a 

breach of a plea agreement “unless the circuit court erroneously exercised its discretion.”). 
No. 2023AP911-CR

5

¶7 On November 2, 2016, the State filed a criminal complaint in 

Monroe County circuit court charging Drew with the following: 

(1) 1st Degree Child Sexual Assault-Sexual Contact With 

a Child Under age 13, incident date November 01, 2016.

(2) Incest, incident date November 01, 2016.

....

(4) Exposing Genitals, incident date November 01, 2016.5

¶8 A.B. subsequently participated in a forensic interview. A.B. 

described Drew’s conduct, either by speaking or in writing during the interview, as 

follows. A.B. was sexually assaulted by Drew when she was eight or nine years 

old. On one occasion, Drew came into the bathroom “butt naked” when she was 

in the shower, bent her over the tub and put his penis in her “butt,” and then 

followed her into the bedroom and licked her vagina. “More than once,” he came 

into her bedroom early in the morning, woke her up and put his penis in her 

mouth, and stopped because he had to go to work. Drew also physically abused

A.B. and her brother.6 

¶9 At the preliminary hearing, defense counsel called into question the 

date charged in the State’s criminal complaint. Counsel pointed out that A.B. said 

in her November 1, 2016 school interview that the abuse had stopped about two 

years before, thereby making the incident date of November 1, 2016,

 

5

 The third count, which we have omitted from this list, charged Drew with physical 

abuse of A.B.’s older brother. We omit this charge from our discussion because it is not material 

to the arguments that the State makes on appeal. 

6

 We generally refer to this forensic interview and the preceding school interview 

collectively as “the 2016 interviews.”
No. 2023AP911-CR

6

“impossible.” In response, the prosecutor filed an information charging the 

following counts, with quotation marks as shown: 

(1) 1st Degree Child Sexual Assault- Sexual Contact or 

Intercourse with a Child Under Age 13, (to wit: penis to 

mouth contact), incident date of “the month of May 2015”

(2) Incest, incident date of “the month of May 2015”

....

(4) Exposing Genitals, incident date November 01, 2016.

(5) 1st Degree Child Sexual Assault- Sexual Contact or 

Intercourse with a Child Under Age 13, (to wit: penis to 

anus contact), incident date of “the month of May 2015” 

The information modified the incident dates for the first two charges from 

November 1, 2016, to “the month of May 2015,” and added the fifth charge with 

the “month of May 2015” incident date. 

¶10 Drew moved to dismiss count 4 of the information on the ground 

that there was no allegation of exposing genitals on November 1, 2016, in the 

criminal complaint. In response to the motion, the prosecutor filed an amended 

information, changing the date of count 4 to “the month of May 2015.” 

¶11 Several months later, the State filed a second amended information

charging the following counts, with quotation marks as shown: 

(1) Causing Child [Under] 13 to View/Listen to Sexual 

Activity, incident date of “the month of May 2015”

(2) Incest, incident date of “the month of May 2015”

....

(4) Exposing Genitals, incident date “the month of May 

2015”
No. 2023AP911-CR

7

(5) 1st Degree Child Sexual Assault- Sexual Contact or 

Intercourse with a Child Under Age 13, (to wit: penis to 

anus contact), incident date of “the month of May 2015”

¶12 On the same date that the second amended information was filed, 

Drew entered Alford pleas to the amended count of causing a child under 13 to 

view/listen to sexual activity with an incident date of “the month of May 2015”

and one count of physically abusing a child, which pertained to Drew’s abuse of 

A.B.’s older brother. The remaining counts were dismissed outright as part of the 

plea agreement. 

¶13 In February 2019, the circuit court sentenced Drew to five years 

imprisonment, consisting of two and one-half years of initial confinement and two 

and one-half years of extended supervision. 

The 2019 case

¶14 On November 21, 2018, after Drew entered his pleas but before he 

was sentenced, A.B. participated in another forensic interview. The State did not 

disclose, and Drew was not otherwise aware of, this 2018 interview before Drew 

was sentenced in the 2016 case. When asked why she was participating in the 

interview, A.B. said that she heard from her foster mother that the authorities 

“don’t have enough evidence yet to put [Drew] in jail or prison, and right now he’s 

roaming free and you guys don’t want that, so you need to get as much 

information out of me as possible to put him in jail.” 

¶15 A.B. recounted four incidents of sexual assault as follows. On one 

occasion, Drew was watching pornography and saying he “was horny.” A.B. “had 

enough” of hearing his comments. She had him walk to the bedroom and lie 

down, and she pulled down his pants and initiated oral sex on him. Drew asked 
No. 2023AP911-CR

8

what she was doing and “was confused” when she pulled down his pants. This 

incident occurred when she was “about 8” years old. 

¶16 On another occasion, after the incident just described, Drew woke 

A.B. up, put his penis in her mouth, and then left for work. 

¶17 On another occasion, after the incident just described, Drew licked 

A.B.’s vagina when she was sleeping naked in the bed with him.

¶18 On another occasion, after the incident just described, when A.B. 

was in the shower, she yelled for Drew to come help her with her hair, and he told 

her to bend over and put his penis in her “butt.” A.B. said that she previously 

recounted this incident during her 2016 interviews. 

¶19 On October 17, 2019, the State filed the criminal complaint in the 

2019 case, based on A.B.’s 2018 interview. The State subsequently filed an 

information that charged the following counts, with quotation marks as shown: 

(1) 1st Degree Sexual Assault of a Child Under Age 

12, incident date “on or between August 03, 2013 and 

May 01, 2015”

(2) Incest, incident date “on or between August 03, 

2013 and May 01, 2015”

(3) Exposing Genitals or Pubic Area, incident date “on 

or between August 03, 2013 and May 01, 2015”

(4) 1st Degree Sexual Assault of a Child Under Age 

12, incident date “on or between ... August 03, 2013 

and May 01, 2015”

(5) Incest, incident date “on or between August 03, 

2013 and May 01, 2015”

(6) Exposing Genitals or Pubic [Area]
No. 2023AP911-CR

9

(7) 1st Degree Sexual Assault of a Child Under Age 12 

to wit “licking the victim’s vagina,” incident date ...

“on or between August 03, 2013 and May 01, 2015”

(8) Incest, incident date “on or between August 03, 

2013 and May 01, 2015”

(9) Exposing Genitals or Pubic [Area,] incident date 

“on or between August 03, 2013 and May 01, 2015”

A.B. was eight and nine years old between August 3, 2013, and May 1, 2015. 

¶20 Drew moved to dismiss the charges, arguing that they are precluded 

by the plea agreement in the 2016 case. Drew specifically argued that the State 

materially breached the plea agreement in the 2016 case by charging him with 

additional crimes related to the same allegations “that precipitated” the plea 

agreement in the 2016 case.

7

¶21 The circuit court granted the motion and ordered specific 

performance enforcing the plea agreement in the 2016 case by dismissing the 2019 

case with prejudice. The court found that the facts alleged in the 2016 interviews 

were largely the same as those alleged in the 2018 interview: 

With one notable exception, the information [A.B.]

provided in her 2018 interview hardly differs from what 

she first said in 2016. Her second time around, she again 

recalled a string of sexual[] assaults suffered at the hands of 

her father. They all occurred at the family residence. She 

was between eight or nine years old. She again claimed 

that her father subjected her to acts of fellatio, cunnilingus 

and anal intercourse. Just like in 2016, she said he 

assaulted her multiple times. 

 

7

 Drew also argued that the State violated Drew’s constitutional right to exculpatory 

information and statutory rights to discovery by failing to disclose A.B.’s 2018 forensic interview 

to him. Drew does not renew those arguments in his respondent’s brief on appeal, and, 

accordingly, we do not further consider these arguments.
No. 2023AP911-CR

10

What is new in her 2018 claims is her frankly 

astonishing claim that she took it upon herself to perform 

oral sex. She admitted she made these additional claims 

because [Drew] was free on bond and she wanted to give 

law enforcement more information she believed it needed 

to lock him up. Her admission is an unmistakable nexus 

linking the 2016 and the 2019 complaints. Moreover, [this 

new allegation] involving her volunteering to perform oral 

sex is highly suspect. 

¶22 The circuit court concluded that, in bringing the 2019 case for sexual 

assaults that occurred when A.B. was eight or nine years old, “based on a virtually 

identical fact pattern found in the 2016 [c]riminal [c]omplaint,” the prosecutor 

breached the implicit promise to Drew that the plea bargain “constituted a full and 

final disposition of all charges involving A.B.” based on A.B.’s allegations of 

“more than seven” acts of sexual assault during that time frame. The court 

explained: 

Implicit was [the promise that] the plea bargain constituted 

a full and final disposition of all charges involving [A.B]. 

This promise was implicit for the following reasons. 

Initially, [A.B.] alleged in 2016 she was sexually assaulted 

more than seven times. In the 2016 case, the state [] only 

charged Drew with two counts of First Degree Sexual 

Assault of a Child. Under the plea bargain, Count One was 

amended downward. And Count Five was dismissed 

outright as part of the bargain. Under the circumstances, 

the outright dismissal of Count Five would lead a defendant 

to reasonably believe the joint sentencing recommendation 

encompassed a full and final resolution of [A.B.]’s “more 

than seven” assault allegations. 

¶23 The State appeals. 

DISCUSSION

¶24 To repeat, the State argues that the criminal charges in the 2019 case 

are distinct from the crimes charged in the 2016 case that were subject to the plea 

agreement because the conduct charged in the 2016 case occurred in May 2015 
No. 2023AP911-CR

11

and the conduct charged in the 2019 case occurred before May 2015. We reject 

this argument because it disregards the circuit court’s factual findings, which the 

State does not show are clearly erroneous, that the offenses charged in both cases 

share the same fact pattern and occurred during the same time frame when A.B. 

was eight or nine years old. More specifically, the State fails to show that the 

2018 interview disclosed, and the 2019 case charged, crimes that occurred before 

the crimes alleged in the 2016 interviews and charged in the 2016 case. 

Accordingly, we conclude that the State fails to show that the 2019 case charges

crimes that are distinct from those that were resolved by the plea agreement in the 

2016 case. 

¶25 We review de novo whether the prosecutor committed a substantial 

and material breach of the plea agreement. State v. Deilke, 2004 WI 104, ¶10, 274 

Wis. 2d 595, 682 N.W.2d 945. We review the circuit court’s factual findings 

under a clearly erroneous standard. State v. Williams, 2002 WI 1, ¶5, 249 Wis. 2d 

492, 637 N.W.2d 733; State v. Matson, 2003 WI App 253, ¶15, 268 Wis. 2d 725,

674 N.W.2d 51 (“The terms of a plea agreement and the historical facts of the

State’s conduct that allegedly constitute a breach of a plea agreement are questions

of fact,” which must be accepted unless clearly erroneous.). “Once a defendant 

has [detrimentally] relied upon a prosecutorial promise in any way and the state 

does not fulfill its promise, the promise is to be held enforceable against the state.” 

State v. Bond, 139 Wis. 2d 179, 188, 407 N.W.2d 277 (Ct. App. 1987). 

¶26 “The burden is on the party arguing a breach to show, by clear and 

convincing evidence, that a breach occurred and that the breach is material and 

substantial.” Deilke, 274 Wis. 2d 595, ¶13. 
No. 2023AP911-CR

12

¶27 Drew supports his argument of plea agreement breach by citing the 

allegations in A.B.’s 2016 interviews that the sexual assaults occurred in the 

family residence “about two years ago,” which would place them in 2014, and that

the sexual assaults occurred in the family residence when she was eight or nine 

years old, which would place them between August 2013 and August 2015. He 

argues that, by agreeing to a plea agreement that resolved the charges stemming 

from these allegations, the State implicitly promised, and he reasonably believed,

that the plea agreement resolved A.B.’s allegations of sexual assault against him in 

the family residence between August 2013 and August 2015. 

¶28 Recall that the State based the charges of the 2019 case on the 2018 

interview with A.B. The circuit court found that, as alleged by A.B., all of the 

incidents recounted in the 2018 interview occurred at the family residence when

A.B. was eight or nine years old. The court also found that all of these incidents 

involved the same sexual acts as A.B. recounted in her 2016 interviews that 

formed the basis for the 2016 case, with the only differing fact being A.B.’s new

claim to have initiated the first incident of oral sex when she was eight years old. 

As to that one difference, the court found that A.B.’s new allegation made before 

Drew was sentenced in the 2016 case in order to “give law enforcement more 

information she believed it needed to lock [Drew] up,” provided “an unmistakable 

nexus linking the 2016 and 2019” cases. 

¶29 The circuit court determined that the prosecutor made the implicit 

promise in the plea agreement in the 2016 case that the plea agreement

“constituted a full and final disposition” of the charges involving the “more than 

seven times” that A.B. alleged Drew sexually assaulted her in the family residence 

when she was eight or nine years old. The court further determined that the 

prosecutor breached that implicit promise by bringing the 2019 case charging 
No. 2023AP911-CR

13

sexual assaults of A.B. based “on a virtually identical fact pattern” and in the same 

time frame “found in the 2016” case. 

¶30 On appeal, the State does not show that the circuit court’s factual 

findings—that the crimes charged in the 2019 case share the same fact pattern as 

those charged in the 2016 case and occurred during the same time frame when 

A.B. was eight or nine years old—are clearly erroneous. Rather, the State relies 

solely on the differences in the dates of the charged conduct as identified in the 

charging documents for each case. That is, the State relies on the fact that the date 

of the crimes charged in the information and two amended informations in the 

2016 case was listed as “the month of May 2015” (when A.B. was nine years old),

and the State contrasts that date with the date stated in the information in the 2019 

case as “between August 03, 2013 and May 01, 2015” (when A.B. was eight and 

nine years old). Based on these different dates, the State argues that the crimes 

charged in the 2019 case occurred before the crimes charged in the 2016 case. We 

reject the State’s argument for the following reasons. 

¶31 The State does not on appeal explain why the amended information 

in the 2016 case stated “the month of May 2015” as the date of the assaults

charged in that case, or why the information in the 2019 case states “between 

August 3, 2013 and May 1, 2015” as the date of the assaults charged in that case. 

More specifically, the State does not provide any record support for its assertion 

that the assaults charged in the 2016 case occurred only in May 2015, or that the 

assaults charged in the 2019 case occurred only between August 2013 and May 

2015. Regardless, it is well established that the State is afforded greater flexibility 

in alleging a time frame for the commission of child sexual assault. See State v. 

Fawcett, 145 Wis. 2d 244, 250, 426 N.W.2d 91 (Ct. App. 1988) (in cases 

involving child sexual assault, the date of the commission of the crime “need not 
No. 2023AP911-CR

14

be precisely alleged” because the date is not an element of the crime); State v. 

Stark, 162 Wis. 2d 537, 544-45, 470 N.W.2d 317 (Ct. App. 1991) (the State must 

“inform a defendant, within reasonable limits, of the time when the offense 

charged was alleged to have been committed” because “child victims of sexual 

assault are often unable to pinpoint dates”) (emphasis in original).

¶32 Here, the allegations that provided the basis for the charges in the 

2016 case were not limited to May 2015, as stated in the amended information. 

Rather, to repeat, the conduct alleged in the 2016 interviews that provided the 

basis for the 2016 case occurred when A.B. was eight or nine years old, or from 

August 2013 to August 2015. And, the conduct alleged in the 2018 interview that 

provided the basis for the 2019 case also occurred when A.B. was eight or nine 

years old, or from August 2013 to August 2015. The State fails to show, with 

supporting cites to the record, that the 2019 case charges crimes alleged to have 

occurred before the crimes alleged to have occurred as charged in the 2016 case. 

¶33 The State argues that this case is like State v. Zanelli, 212 Wis. 2d 

358, 569 N.W.2d 301 (Ct. App. 1997). In that case, this court concluded that a 

defendant’s plea in a criminal proceeding did not preclude the State from pursuing 

civil commitment of the defendant as a sexually violent person under WIS. STAT.

ch. 980 on completion of the criminal sentence. Id. at 367-68. We explained that 

“the record [did] not reflect that Zanelli bargained for the State’s promise to 

forego a future ch. 980 proceeding,” and we cited case law stating that a potential 

ch. 980 petition is a “collateral consequence” of a guilty plea and depends on 

evidence of the defendant’s condition at the time of the petition. Id. By contrast, 

here the 2019 case is not a collateral consequence of Drew’s guilty plea in the 

2016 case, and it is based on allegations that share both the same fact pattern and 
No. 2023AP911-CR

15

time frame as the allegations that provided the basis for the 2016 case. The State 

does not show that the situation in Zanelli is analogous to the situation here.

¶34 The State also argues that this case is like State v. Killian, 2023 WI 

52, 408 Wis. 2d 92, 991 N.W.2d 387. In that case, our supreme court concluded 

that Killian’s second prosecution following a mistrial did not violate double 

jeopardy because the new offenses were not identical in law or fact to the offenses 

charged in his first prosecution. Id., ¶¶3, 50. However, Killian is easily 

distinguished from this case. Unlike in Killian, this case does not involve a 

mistrial, a trial of any kind, or an argument based on the identical-in-law-and-fact 

analysis that underlies a double jeopardy claim. Rather, this case concerns the 

application of contract principles to a plea agreement that resolved charges in the 

2016 case based on allegations that shared the same fact pattern and time frame as 

the allegations that provided the basis for the charges in the 2019 case. The State 

does not show that the analysis in Killian informs our analysis here. 

¶35 The State makes general and non-controversial assertions about the 

State not being precluded from “bringing additional charges” after an earlier 

prosecution in “often messy” child sexual assault cases. However, the State does 

not ground these assertions in the facts or record of this case. In sum, we conclude 

that the prosecutor breached the plea agreement in the 2016 case when it brought 

charges in the 2019 case that: (1) are based on allegations that share the same fact 

pattern and time frame as the allegations that provided the basis for the 2016 case; 
No. 2023AP911-CR

16

and (2) the State does not show alleged crimes that occurred earlier than the 

crimes alleged in the 2016 case.

8

CONCLUSION

¶36 For the reasons stated above, we affirm.

By the Court.—Judgment affirmed.

This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.

RULE 809.23(1)(b)5.

 

8

 The State also argues that the circuit court erred when it “followed” the “red herring” of 

Drew’s analysis of the State’s purported discovery violation, and “suggested” that the prosecutor 

was obligated to inform Drew that the plea agreement did not fully resolve all of A.B.’s 

allegations. We reject these characterizations of the court’s decision. In any event, we do not 

address these arguments further because, as stated in ¶25, we review de novo the legal question of 

whether the facts establish a breach of the plea agreement.