1

 DATE: 2 April 2007

A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE AIR NATIONAL 

GUARD AND ITS ANTECEDENTS, 1908 - 2007

Compiled By:

Dr. Charles J. Gross

NGB-PAH

30 April 1908. Aviation enthusiasts in the 1st Company, Signal Corps, New 

York National Guard, organized an "aeronautical corps" to learn ballooning.1

12 August 1909. The Missouri National Guard directed that a 15-man aero 

detachment be organized in Company A, Signal Corps on St. Louis under the 

command of 1st Lt. Chester E. Burg. No further developments in use of balloons 

or aircraft were reported in the Missouri National Guard until 1923.2

February 1911. Eugene Ely, a civilian pilot employed by pioneer aircraft 

builder Glenn H. Curtiss, enlisted as a private in the Coast Artillery Corps of 

the California National Guard with the objective of serving as a Guard aviator. 

Ely had been the first man to fly an aircraft from a warship in 1910 and made 

history again in January 1911 when he was the first to land a plane on a naval 

vessel.3

12 March 1911. The California National Guard established an Aeronautical 

Detachment of its 7th Coast Artillery Company. Eugene Ely became the unit’s 

first private.4

27 July 1911. Eugene Ely, a private in the California National Guard 

Aeronautical Detachment of its 7th Coast Artillery Company and a pioneering 

civilian aviator, was commissioned.5

7 August 1911. Flying his own biplane, 1st Lt. Andrew Drew, commander of 

the Missouri National Guard’s Aeronautic Section, became the first individual 

to earn a private pilot’s license while serving in the Guard.6

October 1911. Pioneer aviator and California Guardsman Eugene Ely was 

killed in an aircraft accident on 19 October 1911 in Macon, Georgia while flying 

as a civilian aviator.7

22 May 1912. Lt. Col. Charles B. Winder of Ohio became the first Guardsman 

to be awarded a Reserve Military Aviator's rating. He earned it by completing 

the Army's aviation school at Augusta, Georgia.8
2

June 1912. Beckwith Havens, a pilot employed by pioneer aircraft builder 

Glenn H. Curtiss, enlisted in the New York National Guard’s 1st Company, 

Signal Corps as a private.9

August 1912. Private Beckwith Havens of the New York National Guard’s 1st

Company, Signal Corps, flew an aircraft that his employer, pioneer aircraft 

designer Glenn H. Curtiss, had loaned him during National Guard maneuvers

with the Army at Bridgeport, Connecticut.10

September 1912. Rejecting pressure from National Guard interests, the 

commander of the Army’s resource-pinched Aviation School at College Park, 

Maryland, recommended that Guard officers not be allowed to attend the flying 

course there. His recommendation was approved by the Army.11

15 July 1915. The Nebraska National Guard organized a small “Aviation 

Corps.”12

1 November 1915. Capt. Raynal C. Bolling organized and was appointed 

commander of the First Aero Company, New York National Guard. His 

organization is recognized as the first genuine National Guard Aviation unit.13

30 June 1916. The Second Aero Company, New York National Guard, was 

mustered in Buffalo under the command of Capt. John Sutterfield.14

13 July 1916. The First Aero Company, New York National Guard, was 

mobilized during the border crisis with Mexico precipitated by Pancho Villa's 

raid on Columbus, New Mexico. This was the first time that a Guard aviation 

unit was called into federal service. It trained at Mineola, New York but did not 

deploy to the Mexican border.15

18 September 1916. The Second Aero Company, New York National Guard, 

was disbanded. Although 15 of its members took flight instruction with the 

First Aero Company, New York National Guard, the unit was never 

mobilized.16

2 November 1916. The First Aero Company, New York National Guard, was 

mustered out of federal service at Mineola, New York.17

6 April 1917. The United States declared war on the Central Powers and 

formally entering World War I.18

April 1917. The War Department decided that National Guard air 

organizations would be disbanded during the World War I mobilization. 

Individual Guardsmen would be encouraged to volunteer for aviation duty as 
3

reservists.19

23 May 1917. The First Aero Company, New York National Guard, was 

disbanded.20

26 March 1918. Col. Raynal C. Bolling, a former New York National 

Guardsman who had established and commanded that state’s First Aero 

Company, was killed by German infantry during a ground reconnaissance near 

Amiens, France. He was the most senior American military aviator to die 

during World War I.21

14 April 1918. In France, former Tennessee Guardsman Reed Chambers, 

joined Eddie Rickenbacker and David Peterson in flying the first combat 

mission ever ordered by an American commander of a U.S. Army unit composed 

of American pilots. With six aerial kills, Chambers was one of four former 

Guardsmen to become an ace during World War I.22

May 1918. Maj. Reuben Fleet, an Army officer and former Washington state 

Guardsman, organized the first U.S. air mail service. After World War I, he left 

the Army and founded the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation in Buffalo, New 

York.23

8 August 1918. 1st Lt. Reed G. Landis, a former Illinois National Guardsmen, 

scored three aerial kills bringing his wartime total to six. He ended the First 

World War with 10 victories.24

2 September 1918. 1st Lt. Field E. Kindley, a former Kansas Guardsman, 

scored his fifth kill in aerial kill. He ended World War I with 11 kills.25

6 October 1918. 2nd Lt. Erwin R. Bleckley, a Kansas Guardsman flying as an 

aircraft observer in France with the 50th Aero Squadron of the American 

Expeditionary Forces (AEF), was killed while trying to locate and resupply the 

famous “lost battalion” of American infantry that had been cut off by the 

Germans in the Argonne Forrest. Both Bleckley and his pilot, 1st Lt. Harold E. 

Goettler, were awarded Medals of Honor posthumously. Bleckley was the first 

National Guard aviator to be a recipient of the nation’s highest award for 

valor.26

22 October 1918. 1st Lt. Martinus Stenseth, a former Minnesota National 

Guardsman, was credited with 3.14 aerial victories bringing his total to 6.14. 

He ended World War I with 6.47 kills.27

30 September 1919. When asked by the Militia Bureau for information and 

ideas about forming aviation units in the postwar National Guard, Maj. Gen. 
4

Charles T. Menoher, an artillery officer serving as Chief of the Army’s Air 

Service replied that his organization had no such policies. He added that he 

foresaw “formidable obstacles” to such units in the Guard.28

10 February 1920. The War Department granted authority for the National 

Guard to organize an air unit in each of its infantry divisions.29

1 June 1920. The Militia Bureau issued its Circular No. 1 addressing the 

postwar organization of aviation units in the National Guard.30

26 September 1920. Encouraged by Governor Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist,

three members of the Minnesota National Guard - - Capt. Ray S. Miller, Lt. Col. 

William Garis, the Assistant Adjutant General, and Brig. Gen. Walter Rhinow, 

the Adjutant General - - launched a flight to Washington, DC from St. Paul on

a rented airplane to successfully lobby the Militia Bureau and the Army Air 

Service to form a National Guard aviation unit in their state.31

November 1920. Maj. Gen. Milton Reckord, the Adjutant General of 

Maryland, met with members of the American Flying Club, a civilian 

organization promoting the development of aviation in the U.S., to discuss the 

possibility of establishing a National Guard flying squadron in his state. Most 

of the members of the club were Army Reserve officers who were flyers. Their 

meeting with General Reckord was a key event leading to the creation of an 

observation squadron in the Maryland National Guard in 1921.32

 

17 January 1921. Minnesota’s 109th Squadron (redesignated the 109th 

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923) became the first post World War I 

National Guard air unit to receive federal recognition.33

29 June 1921. The 104th Squadron (redesignated the 104th Observation 

Squadron on 25 January 1923), Maryland National Guard, received federal 

recognition. It emerged from a flying club active in Baltimore during 1919 and 

1920. Initially, its 34 members had no uniforms or aircraft. They trained every 

Saturday afternoon at Logan Field in Dundalk, Maryland. Their training 

initially consisted of military drill and instruction about aviation topics.34

July 1921. Maryland’s 104th Squadron received several of its allotted 13 

Curtiss JN-4Ds, becoming the first postwar National Guard aviation unit to 

obtain planes from the Army Air Service.35

1 August 1921. The 137th Squadron, Indiana National Guard, received 

recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. (It was redesignated the 113th Squadron 

and assigned to the 38th Division on 3 January 1923 and redesignated the 113th
5

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923.)36

17 November 1921. The 102nd Squadron (redesignated the 102nd Observation 

Squadron on 25 January 1923), New York National Guard, received federal 

recognition. One of its original organizers and early commanders was Lt. Col. 

George A. Vaughan, a veteran combat pilot with 9.5 kills in Europe during 

World War I.37

18 November 1921. The 101st Squadron, Massachusetts National Guard, 

received federal recognition. (It was redesignated the 101st Observation 

Squadron on 25 January 1923.)38

4 December 1921. The 136th Squadron, Tennessee National Guard, received 

federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. (It was redesignated the 136th

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923 and then the 105th Observation 

Squadron when assigned to the 30th Division on 16 January 1924.)39

21 January 1922. The 125th Squadron, Alabama National Guard, received 

federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. (It was redesignated the 135th

Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923 and then the 114th Observation 

Squadron when assigned to the 39th Division on 1 May 1923 and then the 106th

Observation Squadron when assigned to the 31st Division on 16 January 1924.) 

Maj. James A. Meissner, a World War I ace who had flown with Capt. Eddie 

Rickenbacker, led the effort to form the unit and served as its first 

commander.40

February 1922. The 104th Observation Squadron, Minnesota National Guard, 

received its first official military aircraft, nine Curtiss JN-6H’s, after it moved 

into permanent facilities at Speedway Field. Until that time, the unit had 

trained on rented civilian aircraft.41

22 May 1922. Members of the 136th Squadron, Tennessee National Guard, 

conducted a sham air battle for the public above the American Legion Field in 

Nashville.42

30 June 1922. The Militia Bureau reported that 53 Army airplanes had been 

issued to 6 National Guard aviation units by this date.43

July 1922. Maryland’s 104th Squadron became the first postwar National 

Guard flying unit to participate in an annual summer training encampment. 

The training was conducted at Langley Field, Virginia.44

January 1923. The National Guard sent 10 officers to Brooks Field, Texas to 

begin Army flight training and 8 of them subsequently graduated to become 
6

junior airplane pilots.45

23 June 1923. The 110th Observation Squadron, Missouri National Guard, 

received federal recognition.46

27 June 1923. The 120th Observation Squadron, Colorado National Guard, 

received federal recognition.47

29 June 1923. The 111th Observation Squadron, Texas National Guard, 

received federal recognition.48

1 November 1923. The 118th Observation Squadron, Connecticut, received 

federal recognition.49

13 June 1924. The first aircraft (JN-4s) arrived at Brainard Field, 

Hartford, Connecticut, for the 118th Observation Squadron enabling active 

flying to begin at that location.50

16 June 1924. The 115th Observation Squadron, California National Guard, 

received Federal recognition.51

27 June 1924. The 103rd Observation Squadron, Pennsylvania National 

Guard, received federal recognition.52

6 August 1924. The 116th Observation Squadron, Washington state National 

Guard, received federal recognition.53

13 June 1925. In a sham air battle staged 4,000 feet over Times Square, four 

National Guard aircraft defeated an attack on New York City by four Army 

planes and then chased them back over Long Island. The clash was watched by 

an estimated 6,000 persons. It was also broadcast live by radio station WOR in 

Newark, New Jersey.54

6 July 1925. The 116th Observation Squadron, Washington state National 

Guard, hired its first six full-time “caretaker” personnel under the authority of 

the National Defense Act of 1916. They maintained the unit’s airfield and 

equipment between drills as well as when the unit was not conducting its 

annual training encampment. 55

24 October 1925. The 154th Observation Squadron, Arkansas National Guard, 

received federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit.56

22 February 1926. Members of the 113th Observation Squadron joined other 

Indiana National Guardsmen in performing riot duty. They were released from 
7

state service on 23 March 1926.57

7 May 1926. The 107th Observation Squadron, Michigan National Guard, 

received federal recognition.58

2 July 1926. By act of Congress, the Army Air Service became the Army Air 

Corps. The Air Corps was required to assist and support National Guard 

aviation units including training them.59

7 March 1927. Accompanied by MSgt Clyde Plank, 1st Lt Daniel F. Kearns 

of the Colorado National Guard’s 120th Observation Squadron flew one of the 

unit’s Douglas 0-2C biplanes to Silverton in the southwestern corner of the 

state to deliver badly needed typhoid vaccine over the 11,000 to 12,000 foot 

mountain peaks which ringed that community. The 120th’s first mercy 

mission was launched because devastating snowstorms had completely

isolated Silverton from the outside world for six weeks and civil authorities 

feared the outbreak of a typhoid epidemic.60

18 April 1927. 10 officers and 50 enlisted members of the 154th Observation 

Squadron, Arkansas National Guard and their Curtiss JN-4 and JN-6 aircraft 

began performing relief duties during the great Mississippi River flood, one of 

the worst natural disasters in American history. Those Guardsmen airlifted 

food, medicines, and supplies to workers shoring up levees along the river. 

They also patrolled the levees to spot potential breaks and worked to plug gaps 

in those embankments. Members of the unit flew over 20,000 miles delivering 

serum, food and supplies across their state during the flood. The unit was 

released from active duty on 3 May 1927. 61

20-21 May 1927. Capt. Charles A. Lindbergh, a member of the 110th 

Observation Squadron, Missouri National Guard, became the first person to fly 

solo across the Atlantic Ocean. For his accomplishment, he received the Medal 

of Honor, one of three Guard aviators to be awarded the nation’s highest 

military honor.62

20 June 1927. The 112th Observation Squadron, Ohio National Guard, 

received federal recognition. This brought the total number of National Guard 

aviation units to 17. They were manned by 330 officers and 1,636 enlisted 

men.63

June 1927. 14 of the 17 Guard aviation units began modernizing their aircraft 

inventories, receiving Douglas 0-2C and Curtiss 0-11 observation aircraft plus 

Consolidated PT-1 and Douglas BT-1 trainers. That was part of a plan 

approved by the Militia Bureau and the Army during Fiscal Year 1926 to phase 

out the Guard’s aging Curtiss JNS trainers.64
8

1 July 1927. The 108th Observation Squadron, Illinois National Guard, 

received federal recognition.65

24 August 1927. The War Department announced that the Douglas 

Airplane Company, the Keystone Aircraft Company, and the Curtis Airplane 

& Motor Company had won its design contest to equip National Guard 

squadrons with new aircraft. The department was authorized to award 

contracts to all or one of the firms to build three to ten planes for the Guard. 

If they proved successful in operational service, then the War Department 

planned to purchase enough of them for Guard squadrons across the nation 

but the total numbers that would involve were not available for 

announcement.66

September 1927. Tennessee’s 105th Observation Squadron burned the last 

JN-4 “Jennies” in U.S. military service.67

25 October 1927. The War Department announced the first contract with the 

Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company to purchase 35 new O-11 type 

observation planes. They would replace the antiquated and unfit JN type 

aircraft that had been withdrawn from National Guard service the previous 

month.68

October 1927. The governor of Colorado, W. H. Adams, dispatched five 

officers and four enlisted members plus three Douglas O-2C aircraft to Pueblo 

to patrol the southern part of the state which was being plagued by a series of 

bloody coal strikes. The aircraft patrolled the troubled coal fields during the 

day. The strikes then spread to the northern part of the state. Starting in 

November, the 120th flew daily recon flights over the northern area of 

disturbances. By January 1928, the confrontations had ended and the unit 

was relieved from active duty.69

24 May 1927. Because of an attempted prison break at July 1929. The War 

Department placed the first orders to purchase 1 new Douglas 0-38A and 12 

new Douglas 0-38s biplanes to begin modernizing the Guard’s aircraft 

inventory. These aircraft models were destined to remain the standard 

equipment of Guard observation squadrons through much of the 1930s.70

30 January 1930. The 119th Observation Squadron, New Jersey National 

Guard, received federal recognition. It was the last of the original 19 air units 

allotted to the National Guard after World War I to be organized.71

January 1930. For three weeks during the peak of ice floods on the lower 
9

Wabash River, daily patrols were flown by five aircraft and aircrews from the 

Indiana National Guard’s 113th Observation Squadron. The Guardsmen 

dropped food and clothing to cutoff refugees, ferried doctors, and provided all

other possible assistance to flood victims. 72

May 1931. The National Guard provided 65 aircraft and crews from all of its 

19 observation squadrons to participate in the Army Air Corps’ annual 

maneuvers that began at Wright Field, Ohio and then crisscrossed the United 

States.73

7 June 1932. An Ohio National Guard Douglas O-38 flown by 2nd Lt. Karl E. 

Bushong dropped 25 tear gas bombs on a group of protestors near a mine and 

sprayed an adjacent hillside with machine gun fire to scare them away at the 

request of the Guernsey County sheriff. The protestors, mostly angry women 

who had been stoning working miners during a coal strike, dispersed.74

30 June 1932. 2nd Lt. Karl E. Bushong dropped tear gas bombs from his Ohio 

National Guard Douglas 0-38 on several boatloads of West Virginia coal miners 

crossing the Ohio River at Powhatan to work as strike breakers in coal mines 

in the Buckeye state. He supported boatloads of striking Ohio coal miners who 

had intercepted the West Virginia miners in mid river. While the naval battle 

between 15 boatloads of miners armed with clubs and oars was progressing, 

Ohio National Guard soldiers fired machine gun tracer rounds at the far bank 

of the river to persuade would-be strike breakers to remain in West Virginia.75

13 February 1934. At the direction of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 

Army Air Corps (AAC) took over responsibility for carrying domestic air 

mail from commercial airlines whose government contracts had been 

cancelled by the White House because of suspected collusion and fraud in the 

granting of those arrangements. The National Guard contributed 53 of its 

newest planes plus aircraft mechanics and airfields to the effort. National 

Guard offers to furnish some of its own pilots to the emergency effort -- many 

of whom were more experienced than there AAC pilots and, unlike the latter, 

were used to flying sophisticated commercial airliners at night and in poor 

weather -- were spurned by the Army. Poorly trained and ill-equipped Army 

flyers suffered an alarming number of fatal crashes before the responsibility 

for flying the air mail was returned to the airlines on 1 June 1934.76

19 February 1934. Army Air Corps pilots began flying mail on routes across 

the country after President Franklin D. Roosevelt cancelled all government 

airmail contracts with commercial airlines after he decided that they had been 

arranged through collusion and fraud. The National Guard loaned the Army 53 

of its newest and best aircraft for the operation. It also made available Guard 

airfields and hangars to Army flyers at all locations along the airmail routes. 
10

The Air Corps returned its last airmail run to a commercial airline on 1 June 

193477

7 August 1934. During their annual training encampment, pilots of the 

Tennessee National Guard’s 105th Observation Squadron initiated a new type 

of air-to-air gunnery training replacing their machine guns with cameras and

film. Their gun cameras recorded on film the time and location of theoretical 

bullet hits on other planes during aerial combat maneuvers.78

7-8 September 1934. Members of New Jersey’s 119th Observation Squadron, 

flying Douglas 0-38E biplanes, assisted the rescue of passengers and crew from 

the burning liner S.S. Morrow Castle off the “Garden State’s” coast. They were 

personally directed by their Governor, A. Harry Moore, who flew on some of 

the rescue missions.79

July 1936 The first of 45 brand new North American 0-47A’s were ordered for 

Guard aviation units by the War Department. The 0-47 was the first Guard 

aircraft to incorporate such modern aircraft features as retractable landing 

gear, a fully enclosed cockpit, and cantilever monoplane construction.80

24 January 1937. Martial law was declared in Evansville, Indiana because of 

a huge Ohio River flood which inundated the southern portion of the state. The 

entire 113th Observation Squadron of the Indiana National Guard was called 

into service during the emergency which lasted into the following month. 

Aircrews from the unit relayed information to Guardsmen on the ground and 

provided vital radio relay communications for the area since many telephone 

circuits had failed. The flood damaged property from Pittsburgh to Cairo, 

Illinois, left 1 million people homeless and 385 dead, and caused property losses 

valued at $500 million.81

30 January 1937. Personnel and aircraft from the Tennessee National 

Guard’s 105th Observation Squadron were ordered to Memphis from their home 

station at Nashville for flood relief duty. Equipped with two-way radios, they 

flew river patrol missions searching for high water areas and flood victims plus 

stranded livestock to aid rescue efforts. They returned to their home station on 

10 February 1937.82

3 April 1937. The last of 46 Douglas 0-46 monoplanes were delivered to Guard 

units. The 0-46 was the first monoplane to become standard equipment in 

Guard aviation squadrons. It featured a fully enclosed cockpit while retaining 

fixed landing gear.83

8 July 1937. The National Guard Bureau took delivery of the Guard’s first 

multi-engine aircraft, the Y1C-37, 37-376, a military staff transport version of 
11

a Lockheed twin-engine commercial airliner.84

22 July 1938. The National Guard took delivery of the first of 93 North 

American 0-47A airplanes that it had contracted for. The aircraft was an allmetal, long wing monoplane with a crew of three designed specifically for 

observation missions.85

3 April 1939. Congress approved an ambitious Army Air Corps expansion 

program due to the rapidly deteriorating international security situation. 

Among its provisions, the program authorized increased personnel and aircraft 

allotments for the 19 existing Nation Guard observation squadrons and the 

creation of 10 more such units.86

27 September 1939. The 153rd Observation Squadron, Mississippi National 

Guard, received federal recognition. It was the first of the 10 additional 

National Guard aviation units authorized earlier that year by Congress in the 

Army Air Corps’ expansion program.87

13 October 1939. The 152nd Observation Squadron, Rhode Island National 

Guard, received federal recognition.88

16 September 1940. The National Guard’s 105th, 116th, 119th, and 154th

Observation Squadrons were mobilized for federal service to help strengthen 

the defenses of the continental United States as part of the nation’s pre World 

War II military buildup. When called to active duty, those and all subsequently 

mobilized National Guard observation squadrons became part of the Army Air 

Corps (later Army Air Forces) instead of retaining their previous assignments 

as National Guard divisional or Army corps aviation units.89

12 November 1940. The 126th Observation Squadron, Wisconsin National 

Guard, received federal recognition.90

10 February 1941. The 125th Observation Squadron, Oklahoma National 

Guard, received federal recognition.91

25 February 1941. The 124th Observation Squadron, Iowa National Guard, 

received federal recognition.92

2 March 1941. The 122nd Observation Squadron, Louisiana National Guard, 

received federal recognition.93

10 April 1941. The 121st Observation Squadron, District of Columbia National 

Guard, received federal recognition.94
12

18 April 1941. The 123rd Observation Squadron, Oregon National Guard, 

received federal recognition.95

1 May 1941. The 128th Observation Squadron, Georgia National Guard, 

received federal recognition.96

4 August 1941. The 127th Observation Squadron, Kansas National Guard, 

received federal recognition. It was the last of the National Guard’s 29 pre 

World War II aviation units to be organized.97

15 October 1941. The last of the National Guard’s 29 pre World War II 

aviation units, Mississippi’s 153rd Observation Squadron, was called into 

federal service.98 Altogether, approximately 4,800 National Guard aviation 

personnel, including 613 pilots, were mobilized during 1940-1941 from the 

Guard’s flying units.99

7 December 1941. Carrier-based Japanese aircraft attacked U.S. naval and 

air forces on Oahu, Hawaii sending the United States into World War II.

January 1942. By the early part of that month, 17 National Guard aviation 

squadrons were flying antisubmarine patrols over the Atlantic Ocean off the 

U.S. east coast, 3 others were flying such missions over the Gulf of Mexico and 

5 were patrolling off the west coast. Of the remaining four units, three were 

training with ground forces within the continental U.S., and the 108th

Observation Squadron, formerly of the Illinois National Guard, had been 

dispatched to the Panama Canal Zone.100

12-13 January 1942. Ten 0-47 aircraft and crews from several Guard aviation 

squadrons sailed from San Francisco, California for Singapore as part of 

Combat Team X, a unit formed with 10 aircraft and crews from former Guard 

units. After Singapore fell to the Japanese, they were diverted to Australia 

where they briefly flew antisubmarine patrols before being transferred to other 

Army Air Forces units with more modern aircraft.101

22 February 1942. While flying a tow target for gunners at Fort McArthur, 

Orv Shelton, a pilot in the California National Guard’s mobilized 115th

Observation Squadron, spotted a Japanese submarine in the channel between 

Catalina Island and the mainland.102

7 September 1942. The 107th, 109th, and 153rd Observation Squadrons began 

setting up for operations at Membury, Wiltshire in the United Kingdom as part 

of the Army Air Forces’ 67th Observation Group, later redesignated the 67th

Tactical Reconnaissance Group.103
13

18 October 1942. The 121st Observation Squadron from the District of 

Columbia National Guard was inactivated after flying antisubmarine patrols 

from the United States. The former Guard unit was reorganized six months 

later as the 121st Liaison Squadron and then was dispatched to Algeria.104

9-10 November 1942. The 111th, 122nd, and 154th Observation Squadrons 

arrived in Morocco to participate in Operation Torch as elements of the Army 

Air Force’s 68th Observation Group. They were equipped with Douglass A20s.105

April 1943. Flying during the Algeria-Tunisia campaign, the 154th

Observation Squadron, formerly of the Arkansas National Guard, became the 

first Army Air Forces unit to take P-51 Mustangs, powered by Allison engines, 

into combat.106

7 July 1943. The 111th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly the 111th

Observation Squadron of the Texas National Guard, began preparing to fly 

tactical reconnaissance missions from its base at Bou Fucia, Tunisia during the 

invasion of Sicily which was launched three days later.107

14 July 1943. The 111th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly of the 

Texas National Guard, began flying tactical reconnaissance missions from 

Sicily in direct support of advancing allied troops on that island.108

1 August 1943. Lt. Col. Addison E. Baker, an Ohio Guardsman who

commanded the Army Air Forces’ 93rd Heavy Bombardment Group, perished 

when his B-24D was shot down during an ill-fated raid on enemy oil refineries 

at Ploesti, Rumania. Baker and his co-pilot, Major John J. Jerstad were each 

posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for their heroic actions during that 

mission.109

15 August 1943. Beginning on this date, the first of eight Guard air units 

that had been were retained in the United States were inactivated prior to the 

war’s end. Their personnel and equipment were distributed to other Army Air 

Forces units. The first unit was the 105th Reconnaissance Squadron 

(Bombardment). It was followed by the 113th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron 

(TRS), 116th TRS, 120th TRS, 102nd TRS, 124th TRS, plus the 489th and 490th

Fighter Squadrons (formerly the 104th and 109th Observation Squadrons).110

16 September 1943. The 111th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly 

the Texas National Guard’s 111th Observation Squadron, began operating from 

bases on the Italian mainland, seven days after the nearly disastrous invasion 

of Salerno by elements of Lt. Gen. Mark Clark’s U.S. Fifth Army.111
14

1 November 1943. The 108th Reconnaissance Squadron (Special), originally 

the 108th Observation Squadron, Illinois National Guard, was inactivated at 

Howard Field in the Panama Canal Zone after serving there for 21 months.112

8 November 1943. The last 16 personnel of the Louisiana National Guard’s 

122nd Observation Squadron were transferred to a new unit, the 855th

Bombardment Squadron (Heavy). Equipped primarily with B-17s, the 855th

flew special missions, including dropping agents and supplies to partisans in 

occupied Europe, for the rest of the war from bases in Algeria and Italy.113

30 November 1943. The 120th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (formerly 

the 120th Observation Squadron, Colorado National Guard), which had been 

mobilized for service with the Army Air Forces (AAF) in World War II, was 

inactivated at Birmingham, Alabama. Its personnel and equipment were 

transferred to other AAF units.114

5 December 1943. Equipped with Bell P-39Q’s, the 110th Reconnaissance 

Squadron (Fighter), originally the 110th Observation Squadron, Missouri 

National Guard, arrived in Australia. It then moved to New Guinea to support 

General Douglas MacArthur’s offensive against Japanese forces.115

20 December 1943. The 107th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 

107th Observation Squadron, Michigan National Guard, commenced combat 

operations over France from the United Kingdom with its F-6A’s in preparation 

for the Allied invasion of Europe.116

30 January 1944. Equipped with North American B-25s, the 106th

Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the Alabama National Guard’s 106th

Observation Squadron, flew its first combat sorties against the Japanese from 

its base on Sterling Island in the South Pacific.117

21 February 1944. SSgts Jim Nichols and Gene Salitrinik, enlisted pilots and 

former members of the California National Guard’s 115th Observation 

Squadron, were reported missing in action after they landed their light aircraft 

behind enemy lines to rescue the pilot of a downed P-40. After 28 days of 

dodging the Japanese, leeches, and mosquitoes while struggling through dense 

jungles, they plus the fighter pilot and an Australian jungle specialist who had 

been parachuted in to help them escape, were rescued by an American patrol.118

23 February 1944. The 107th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 

107th Observation Squadron, Michigan National Guard, and other units of the 

67th Tactical Reconnaissance were assigned the responsibility of photographing 

the French coastline in preparation for the Normandy invasion, Operation 

Overlord.119
15

21 January 1944. The 110th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter), formerly the 

110th Observation Squadron, Missouri National Guard, began flying combat 

missions from New Guinea.120

28 March 1944. The 118th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 

118th Observation Squadron, Connecticut National Guard, began flying 

defensive patrols in India. It was the first of five former National Guard air 

units to conduct combat operations in the China-Burma-India theater. The 

others were the 103rd and 123rd Photographic Reconnaissance Squadrons plus 

the 115th and 127th Liaison Squadrons.121

12 April 1944. The 840th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), formerly the 128th

Observation Squadron, Georgia National Guard, commenced combat operations 

with its Boeing B-17s from a base in Italy.122

6 June 1944. 1st Lt. Donald J. Smith, a prewar enlisted member of the 

Illinois National Guard’s 108th Observation Squadron, was shot down while 

piloting his B-24 on a bombing raid against the oil refineries at Ploesti, 

Romania. He parachuted safely from his burning aircraft, evaded capture by 

German forces, and escaped to allied lines in Italy months later with the aid of 

Yugoslav partisans. After the war, he rejoined the Illinois National Guard and 

rose to the rank of major general in its ANG organization.123

27 June 1944. Personnel and several F-6As from the 107th Tactical 

Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 107th Observation Squadron, Michigan 

National Guard, became the first Army Air Forces tactical reconnaissance unit 

to operate from liberated France.124

June 1944. The 118th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 118th

Observation Squadron, Connecticut National Guard, was attached to and then 

assigned to the 23rd Fighter Group -- heir of the Flying Tigers -- in China. It 

flew Curtiss P-40Ns and then North American F-6Cs.125

11 September 1944. 1st Lt. Joseph J. Maish, Jr., a prewar pilot in the 

Maryland National Guard’s 104th Observation Squadron, shot down two 

German ME-109s while flying a bomber escort mission over Europe in a P-51. 

For his accomplishment, he was awarded the Silver Star.126

September 1944. The 121st Liaison Squadron, formerly the 121st Observation 

Squadron, District of Columbia National Guard, became operational in Italy. It 

flew missions in Piper L-4s and Stinson L-5s supporting American ground 

troops in northern Italy and southern France until German forces 

surrendered.127
16

10 December 1944. The 127th Liaison Squadron (Commando), formerly the 

127th Observation Squadron, Kansas National Guard, arrived in Bombay, India 

and prepared to fly missions in support of British forces in the China Burma 

India theater with a variety of light aircraft.128

20 February 1945. Flying a P-51 for the Army Air Forces 356th Fighter 

Group, Maj. Donald J. Strait, a pre war enlisted member of the New Jersey 

National Guard’s 119th Observation Squadron, scored the last 3 of his 13.5 kills 

of German aircraft during the Second World War. He was the only known pre 

war Guardsman to become an Army Air Forces ace during that conflict. After 

the war, Strait joined the New Jersey ANG and served in it until he retired in 

1978 as a major general.129

February 1945. The 37th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly 

Rhode Island’s 152nd Observation Squadron, began flying missions from Italy in 

unarmed Lockheed F-5s.130

February 1945. From its base about 80 miles north of Calcutta, India, the 

127th Liaison Squadron (Commando), formerly the Kansas National Guard’s 

127th Observation Squadron, began supporting the British Army’s offensive 

against Japanese forces in Burma. The unit conducted communications, 

photographic, visual reconnaissance, personnel transport, and supply missions 

with it Stinson L-5s and other light aircraft until late April 1945.131

12 December 1945. The Aviation Group of the National Guard Bureau (NGB) 

was established to help plan and organize a new reserve component -- the Air 

National Guard (ANG) -- of a planned new military service, the United States 

Air Force. The Aviation Group, NGB consisted of three individuals headed by 

Col. William R. Robertson, an Army Air Forces officer.132

30 January 1946. The Army Chief of Staff, General of the Armies Dwight D. 

Eisenhower, ordered the piecemeal activation of National Guard aviation units 

under an Army Air Forces’ plan.133

February 1946. The National Guard Bureau officially announced the plan 

for the postwar Air National Guard to the states.134

March 1946. The first mission given to the new Air Defense Command (ADC) 

of the Army Air Forces was to “organize and administer the integrated air 

defense system of the Continental United States; . . . [and] maintain units of 

the Air National Guard . . . in a highly trained and operational condition of 

readiness; . . . . [for that mission]”135
17

15 April 1946. Lt. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer, the commander of the Air 

Defense Command, wrote the Chief of the National Guard Bureau that “The 

mission of the air national security of the United States . . . has been assigned 

in large measure to the Air National Guard.”136

25 April 1946. General of the Armies Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Army Chief 

of Staff, approved a revised plan for a new postwar aviation organization that 

would be known as the Air National Guard.137

5 June 1946. The mission of the Air Defense Command with respect to Air 

Guard units was changed by the Army Air Forces to only training rather than 

holding them in a high state of operational readiness.138

30 June 1946. The 120th Fighter Squadron, Colorado National Guard, was 

extended federal recognition. Slated to be equipped with P-51D’s, it was the 

first unit to be federally recognized after World War II in what was to become a 

brand new reserve component in September 1947, the Air National Guard.139

13 July 1946. Permanent caretakers (technicians) were authorized for the 

Colorado National Guard’s flying unit which was federally recognized as the 

140th Fighter Group in November of that year.140

29 July 1946. The 39th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, formerly the 101st

Observation Squadron, Massachusetts National Guard, was inactivated at 

March Field, California. The 39th had flown combat missions in Europe from 

March to May 1945. It was the last unit carrying a prewar National Guard 

lineage to leave active federal service after World War II.141

15 September 1946. An AT-6 trainer was delivered to Colorado’s 120th

Fighter Squadron. It was the first aircraft provided to any post World War II

National Guard air unit by the Army Air Forces.142

20 September 1946. The 175th Fighter Squadron, South Dakota ANG was 

extended federal recognition. Lt. Col. Joseph J. Foss, a Marine ace credited with 

destroying 26 Japanese airplanes in the Solomon Islands area of the Pacific 

Ocean and a Medal of Honor recipient during World War II, was instrumental 

in founding the unit and served as its first commander. Foss had begun his 

military career in October 1939 as an enlisted member of the South Dakota 

National Guard.143

September 1946. The Nebraska ANG received its first aircraft: 22 P-51 

fighters, 7 B-26 bombers, 2 C-47 transports, and 3 T-6 trainers.144

18 September 1947. Effective this date, the National Security Act of 1947 
18

created the United States Air Force (USAF) as a separate military service and 

established the Air National Guard as a reserve component of the USAF.145

16 June 1948. California’s 196th Fighter Squadron became the first Air 

Guard unit to complete its conversion to jets and was redesignated the 196th

Fighter Squadron (Jet). The 196th was equipped with brand new Lockheed P80C Shooting Stars which had been ordered during Fiscal Year (FY) 1947 and 

FY 1948 to equip five ANG squadrons.146

27 July 1948. The Nebraska Air Guard’s 173rd Fighter Squadron received 

the first two of its allotted 25 F-80C jet fighters.147

1 October 1948. The Air Force Division, National Guard Bureau, was 

established as part of the Bureau's reorganization in response to the National 

Security Act of 1947. Maj. Gen. George G. Finch, a Georgia Air Guardsman, 

was appointed the first Chief of the Air Force Division.148

7 December 1948. Reflecting the fact that senior Pentagon officials viewed 

the Air Guard as an unusable military force, Secretary of Defense James 

Forrestal wrote President Harry Truman that “The situation is . . . complicated 

by the impracticability of attempting to organize, operate and train effective 

[ANG] combat forces when the components are under the control of forty-eight 

‘commanders-in-chief’.”149

20 January 1949. During President Harry Truman’s inauguration parade, 

some 300 Air National Guard F-47s and F-51s from 25 states roared over the 

Capitol in a massive formation.150

January 1949. Following devastating blizzards, Air Guard C-47s began 

dropping hay to stranded and starving livestock throughout the Rocky 

Mountain region. Colorado ANG C-47s flew 17 such missions in January and 

February 1949 dropping tons of hay that saved thousands of cattle and 

wildlife. Transport aircraft from ANG fighter squadrons in Utah, Wyoming, 

and North Dakota were similarly employed. Colorado Air Guard F-51s and A26s also flew reconnaissance missions during that emergency. The Arizona 

Air Guard dropped food packages to villages and hospitals on the Navajo 

Indian Reservation during that month.151

February 1949. Congress rejected a Truman administration initiative to 

merge the Air National Guard into the Air Force Reserve.152

February 1949. Two Curtiss C-46F transports assigned to the Hawaii ANG’s 

199th Fighter Squadron flew 76 airlift missions carrying 1,452 passengers and 

180,758 pounds of cargo to provide relief to flash flood victims on the island of 
19

Kauai.153

26 May 1949. As of this date, all 514 ANG units authorized in postwar plans 

of the War Department had been organized and federally recognized.154

30 June 1949. The ANG’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1949) reached 

40,995.155

October 1949. The National Guard Bureau authorized the creation of an Air 

section in each state National Guard headquarters.156

12 November 1949. Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead, the commander of the 

Continental Air Command (CONAC), wrote that “at best the Air National 

Guard represents aircraft in flyable storage.” CONAC was responsible for 

supervising the ANG for the Air Force.157

December 1949. Indiana became the first state to name a chief of the newly 

authorized air section of its state National Guard headquarters staff with the 

appointment of Brig. Gen. Oliver H. Stout to that post.158

5 January 1950. Senior officers at Headquarters U.S. Air Force and the 

CONAC decided that the Air Guard could not be relied upon as force that 

would be immediately ready to perform its air defense mission upon 

mobilization. Instead, they concluded that the ANG should be shifted to a 

tactical support mission that it could perform after additional preparations 

following mobilization for a general war.159

13 February 1950. Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg, the Air Force Chief of Staff, 

approved a proposal to eliminate the ANG's Mobilization-Day mission and give 

it less crucial responsibilities. The proposal was rejected by the Secretary of 

Defense primarily for budgetary reasons.160

March 1950. The National Guardsman magazine announced that, in 

accordance with the National Defense Act, four Air Guard officers had been 

called to active duty tours of four years each with Headquarters, U.S. Air Force 

to deal with all matters pertaining to the Air National Guard. They were: Col. 

Clinton A. Burrows, California; Col. Orren H. Lane, Georgia; Lt. Col. Edward 

H. Bradford, Massachusetts; and Lt. Col. Royal Hatch, Jr., Alabama.161

April 1950. Air National Guard teams participated in the annual U.S. Air 

Force Gunnery Meet for the first time, The Air Guard was authorized two 

teams in the competition which was held at Las Vegas, Nevada. Utah’s 191st

Fighter Squadron, flying F-51s, finished fourth in the conventional aircraft 

class. Florida’s 159th Fighter Squadron, operating F-80s, finished eighth in the 
20

jet aircraft class.162

25 June 1950. The Korean War began when the North Koreans invaded 

South Korea.163

30 June 1950. The Air National Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal 

Year 1950) reached 44,728 including approximately 3,600 pilots.164

20 July 1950. The Continental Air Command requested the mobilization of 

20 ANG fighter squadrons to strengthen the air defenses of the United 

States. The request was denied by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force because the 

number of Air Force fighter interceptor wings were already scheduled to be 

increased by four during Fiscal Year 1951.165

23 July 1950. The aircraft carrier U.S.S. Boxer arrived in Tokyo with 145 

F-51s aboard which had taken from ANG units for transfer to Air Force units 

which were gearing up for combat in Korea. 166

4 September 1950. After a debate within Headquarters, U.S. Air Force 

and the Air Force Division of the National Guard Bureau between those who 

advocated mobilizing a few highly trained ANG units and those who favored 

mobilizing as many Air Guard units as possible under existing budget 

restrictions, the latter policy was adopted.167

9 September 1950. The Kentucky ANG’s 123rd Fighter Group received 

public notice that it would be mobilized because of the Korean War. Just 

prior to its call-up in October 1950, 10 of the unit’s F-51s were shipped to the 

Far East.168

10 October 1950. The first ANG units were mobilized during the Korean 

War. This was seen as a temporary expedient by the Air Force which planned 

to demobilize them by April 1951.169 Flying squadrons called up on that date 

were the: 111th Fighter Squadron (FS), Texas; 112th Bomb Squadron 

(Light), Ohio; 125th FS, Oklahoma; 127th FS, Kansas; 128th FBS, Georgia; 

154th FS, Arkansas; 156th FS, North Carolina; 157th FS, South Carolina; 

158th FS, Georgia; 159th FS, Florida; 160th FS, Alabama; 165th FS 

Kentucky; 167th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), West Virginia; 182nd FS, 

Texas; and the 196th FBS, California.170 All of those units were assigned to 

the Tactical Air Command.171

11-21 October 1950. Upon mobilization because of the Korean War, the 

165th Fighter Squadron (FS), Kentucky ANG, 167th FS, West Virginia ANG, 

and the 154th FS, North Carolina ANG, were consolidated at Goodman Field, 

Fort Knox, Kentucky as the 123rd Fighter Group. The unit trained F-51 
21

replacement pilots for combat in Korea, provided firepower demonstrations, 

and performed tactical support missions for the Army.172

13 October 1950. Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, a World War II veteran and the 

Adjutant General of Arkansas, became Chief, Air Force Division, and 

Deputy Chief, National Guard Bureau on this date.173

November 1950. Large numbers of Communist Chinese ground forces 

crossed the Yalu River into Korea and entered the war against the United 

Nations' forces led by the United States.174

1 November 1950. All ANG tactical units were reorganized under the Air 

Force combat wing type organization. That action increased the authorized 

strength of the Air Guard from 57,382 to 67,000 personnel. The Air Guard’s 

actual assigned strength at that time was only 49,500 personnel because of 

budgetary limitations.175

1 November 1950. The New York ANG’s 138th Fighter Squadron (Jet), 

which remained under state control during the Korean War, was 

redesignated the 138th Fighter Bomber Squadron and converted from F-84Bs 

to F-51Hs.176

6 December 1950. Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead, the Continental Air 

Command’s commander, requested that 38 ANG fighter squadrons be 

mobilized to strengthen the air defenses of the U.S. during the Korean 

War.177

16 December 1950. After massive Chinese communist forces intervened in 

the Korean War, President Harry Truman declared a national emergency. 

Among other things, the declaration authorized the Air Force to raise its 

active duty manpower from approximately 539,000 in mid December 1950 to 

1,061,000 no later than 30 June 1952.178

29 December 1950. Because of the deteriorating situation in Korea 

following the Chinese intervention in that conflict and the growing fears of 

another world war, the Continental Air Command requested that all 38 ANG 

fighter squadrons which it had asked to be mobilized earlier that month be 

called into federal service as soon as possible.179

January 1951. The authorized strength of all ANG units except wing and 

group headquarters was raised to its wartime level, approximately 80,000 

personnel, from its previously authorized 67,000 personnel.180 
22

1 January 1951. The Air Defense Command was reestablished as a major 

air command and assumed the continental U.S. air defense mission from the 

Continental Air Command.181

8 January 1951. To further strengthen the nation’s continental air 

defenses during the Korean War the Air Force mobilized a number of ANG 

units on this date including the: 154th Air Control & Warning Group 

(AC&WG), Georgia; 116th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), 

Georgia; 117th AC&WS, Georgia; 118th AC&WS, North Carolina, and 

the129th AC&WS, Georgia182

22 January 1951. Responding to the Continental Air Command's requests 

in December 1950 to strengthen the air defenses of the U.S. during the 

Korean War by mobilizing 38 ANG fighter squadrons, the Air Force 

announced that 15 ANG fighter squadrons would be called into federal 

service on 1 February 1951 with 6 more to be mobilized on 1 March 1951.183

1 February 1951. ANG flying squadrons mobilized on this date because of 

the Korean War were the: 107th Fighter Squadron (FS) (Jet), Michigan; 

113th FS, Indiana; 116th FS (Jet), Washington; 118th FS, Connecticut; 121st 

FS, District of Columbia; 123rd FS, Oregon; 126th FS (Jet), Wisconsin; 132nd 

FS, Maine; 133rd FS, New Hampshire; 134th FS, Vermont; 142nd FS (Jet), 

Delaware; 148th Fighter Bomber Squadron, Pennsylvania; 163rd FS, 

Indiana; 166th FS, Ohio; 171st FS, Michigan; 172nd FS, Michigan; 188th 

FS, New Mexico; 176th FS, Wisconsin; and the 197th FS, Arizona. All of 

these units except the 107th FS (Jet), Michigan, and 171st FS, Michigan, 

and 197th FS, Arizona, were assigned to the Air Defense Command to 

strengthen its continental US fighter interceptor force.184

1 February 1951. After being mobilized on this date because of the Korean 

War, the Arizona ANG’s 197th Fighter Squadron (FS) remained at Luke 

AFB, Arizona with its F-84B/Cs to serve in the 127th Pilot Training Wing. It 

later converted from F-84Bs to F-84E/Gs. The 107th FS (Jet) and the 171st FS,

both of Michigan, joined the 197th in training pilots at Luke AFB as part of 

the 127th Wing.185

1 February 1951. After being mobilized on this date because of the Korean 

War, the Connecticut ANG’s 118th Fighter Squadron was moved to Suffolk 

County AFB, New York where its obsolete F-47Ns provided air defense for 

the New York/New England area until it was returned to state control on 1 

December 1952.186

1 February 1951. Following its mobilization on this date because of the 

Korean War, the Delaware ANG’s 142nd Fighter Squadron (Jet) was retained 
23

at its home station to provide air defense for the mid-Atlantic states with its 

F-84Cs.187

1 February 1951. Two weeks after its mobilization on this date because of 

the Korean War, the Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 148th Fighter Bomber 

Squadron was transferred to Dover AFB, Delaware where it remained until it 

was returned to state control on 1 November 1952. While stationed at Dover, 

the unit successively converted from F-51Ds to F-86As and then F-94Bs 

while serving in an air defense role.188

11 February 1951. After being called to active duty on 1 February 1951 

because of the Korean War, the Indiana ANG’s 113th Fighter Squadron was 

redesignated the 113th Fighter Interceptor Squadron Flying P-51Ds, its 

operations were split between Ft. Wayne, Indiana and Sioux City, Iowa.189

12 February 1951. The Washington state ANG’s 116th Fighter Squadron 

was redesignated the 116th Fighter Interceptor Squadron (Jet).190

26 February 1951. The Air Guard reported that its units had recruited 

approximately 8,000 new members between 1 December 1950 and 1 January 

1951.191

March 1951. The 154th Fighter Squadron, Arkansas ANG, which had been 

redesignated the 154th Fighter Bomber Squadron when called to active duty 

because of the Korean War and moved to Langley AFB, Virginia in October 

1950, converted from F-51Ds to F-84Es.192

March 1951. After being mobilized on 1 February 1951 during the Korean 

War, the Wisconsin Air Guard’s 126th Fighter Interceptor Squadron moved to 

Truax Field, Madison from its home station at General Mitchell Field, 

Milwaukee. It remained there on air defense duty with its F-80As until 

returned to state control on 31 October 1952.193

1 March 1951. ANG flying squadrons mobilized on this date because of the 

Korean War were the: 102nd Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), New York; 105th 

Fighter Squadron (FS), Tennessee; 109th FS, Minnesota; 110th FS, 

Missouri; 114th BS (Light), New York; 136th FS, New York; 141st Fighter 

Bomber Squadron (FBS), New Jersey; 149th FS , Virginia; 153rd FS, 

Mississippi; 170th FS, Illinois; 175th FS, South Dakota; 179th FS; 

Minnesota; 192nd FBS, Nevada; and the 195th FS, California.194

1 March 1951. After being called to active duty on this date because of the 

Korean War, the South Dakota ANG’s 175th Fighter Squadron was 
24

redesignated the 175th Fighter Interceptor Squadron and assigned to air 

defense duty at Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota with its F-51Ds.195

1 March 1951. The California ANG’s 195th Fighter Squadron, called into 

federal service on this date because of the Korean War, remained at its home 

station at Van Nuys until it was returned to state control. In October 1952, 

its F-51Ds were supplemented by F-51Hs.196

1 March 1951. The Oregon Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter Squadron was 

redesignated the 123rd Fighter Interceptor Squadron. While it remained at 

Portland AFB during the Korean War, most of its pilots were transferred to 

other units. They were replaced by active duty Air Force pilots.197

1 March 1951. After being mobilized on this date because of the Korean 

conflict, the Tennessee ANG’s 105th Fighter Squadron remained at its home 

station at Nashville for 15 months. In April 1951 it converted from F-47Ds 

to F-51Ds and was redesignated the 105th Fighter Interceptor Squadron on 1 

May 1952. The unit was moved to McGhee Tyson Airport on 1 June 1952 and 

remained there until returned to state control .198

1 April 1951. ANG flying squadrons mobilized on this date because of the 

Korean conflict were the: 103rd Bomb Squadron (BS), (Light), Pennsylvania; 

106th Tactical Reconnaissance (TRS) (Night Photo), Alabama; 108th BS 

(Light), Illinois; 115th BS (Light), California; 117th BS (Light), Pennsylvania; 

120th Fighter Squadron (FS), Colorado; 122nd BS (Light), Louisiana; 124th 

FS, Iowa; 155th TRS, Tennessee; 168th BS (Light), Illinois; 173rd FS, 

Nebraska; 174th FS, Iowa; 178th FS, North Dakota; 180th BS (Light), 

Missouri; 185th TRS, Oklahoma; 186th FS, Montana; 187th Fighter Bomber 

Squadron (FBS), Wyoming; 190th FS, Idaho; and the 191st FBS, Utah.199

1 April 1951. Soon after its mobilization on this date during the Korean 

conflict, the Nebraska ANG’s 173rd Fighter Squadron transitioned from F80Cs back to F-51s at Bangor, Maine because none of the four ANG units 

flying Shooting Stars had enough of the aircraft to maintain a full fleet of 

them. Nebraska's F-80s were distributed to the other three units. The 

173rd's new mission with F-51s at Bangor was to serve as long range fighter 

escorts for SAC bombers.200

1 April 1951. Mobilized on this date because of the Korean War, the 

Tennessee Air Guard’s 155th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron converted 

from F-51Ds to RF-51Ds at its home station in Memphis. It was 

subsequently reassigned to Shaw AFB, SC, arriving there on 15 January 

1952.201
25

13 April 1951. The Louisiana Air Guard’s 122nd Bomb Squadron (Light) 

moved from New Orleans to Langley AFB, Virginia to become part of the 

4400th Combat Crew Training Group. It remained there until returned to 

state control on 1 January 1953.202

19 April 1951. Members of the Air Guard’s 136th Fighter-Bomber Wing 

(FBW) were alerted for shipment to the Far East because of the Korean War. 

The unit consisted of the 111th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Texas, 

154th FBS, Arkansas, and the 182nd FBS, Texas. Previously, the wing had 

been notified that it would be sent to Western Europe to reinforce the North 

Atlantic Treaty Organization.203

20 April 1951. The New Mexico ANG’s 188th Fighter Squadron moved 

from Kirtland AFB, New Mexico to Long Beach Municipal Airport, California 

where it served with the Air Defense Command as the 188th Fighter 

Interceptor Squadron until returned to state control . It was equipped with P51Ds.204

26 April 1951. The Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron was designated to move to England on a 90-day temporary duty 

assignment, substituting for an Air Force fighter squadron that had been 

scheduled to deploy there.205

April 1951. A Fifth Air Force study revealed that approximately 80 percent 

of the Air Force personnel serving in Korea were recalled Guardsmen and 

reservists.206

April 1951. The Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber 

Squadron began converting from F-84C to F-86A aircraft. From April 

through June 1951, its F-86As were only 38 percent combat ready on average 

and in-commission only 56.6 percent of the time. The 116th "attributed the 

situation to the fact that the aircraft were in poor condition when they were 

transferred to the unit."207

April 1951. Units of the Air Guard’s mobilized 116th Fighter Bomber Wing 

– Georgia’s 158th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Florida’s 159th FBS, and 

California’s 196th FBS -- began receiving brand new Republic F-84Es direct 

from the factory.208

May 1951. The Pennsylvania ANG’s 146th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), 

which remained under state control during the Korean War, converted from 

F-47Ns to F-51Hs. On 1 October 1952, it was redesignated the 146th Fighter 

Interceptor Squadron and then on 1 December 1952 and was redesignated 

the 146th FBS.209
26

1 May 1951. ANG units called into federal service on this date because of 

the Korean War included the: 142nd Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron 

(AC&WS), Oregon; 162nd Aircraft Control and Warning Group (AC&WG) 

Group, California; 147th AC&WS, California; 148th AC&WS, California; 

149th AC&WS, California; 159th AC&WG, Colorado; 137th AC&WS; 

Colorado; 138th AC&WS, Colorado; 139th AC&WS, Colorado; 132nd 

AC&WS, Minnesota; 130th AC&WS, Utah; 160th AC&WG, Washington; 

141st AC&WS, Washington; and the 143rd AC&WS, Washington.210

14 May 1951. The ANG’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing received a warning 

order to prepare for a move to Europe to help shore up NATO against a 

possible attack by the Soviet Union.211

15 May 1951. The first contingent of the ANG’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing 

personnel left the United States for Japan.212

17 May 1951. The Delaware ANG’s 142nd Fighter Squadron (Jet) was 

redesignated the 142nd Fighter Interceptor Squadron. It had assumed air 

defense responsibilities for the mid-Atlantic region at its home station with 

its F-84Cs after being mobilized on 1 February 1951.213

18 May 1951. Personnel of the Air Guard’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing 

(FBW) began arriving in Japan. They reported to the 27th Fighter Escort 

Wing (FEW) at Itazuke AB for training and indoctrination. The 136th FBW 

took over F-84Es from the 27th FEW when the latter completed its final 

operations in July 1951.214

24 May 1951. Flying F-84Es belonging to the 27th Fighter Escort Wing, 

pilots of the Air Guard’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing saw their first combat 

action during the Korean War.215

29 May 1951. Personnel of the Oregon ANG’s 142nd Aircraft Control and 

Warning Squadron sailed for Alaska aboard the U.S.S. Beaudoin. Following 

their arrival, they manned three radar sites along the Bering Sea and built 

three more sites at other remote locations in that territory.216

19 June 1951. Congress passed the “Universal Training and Military 

Service Act.” Among its provisions, the legislation required each male drafted 

after 21 June 1951 to serve two years of active duty and then six more in a 

reserve component. The service secretaries were authorized to permit any 

man who entered organized units of the Guard or other reserve components 

to be released from serving in the regular armed forces.217
27

21 June 1951. Headquarters United States Air Force changed the 

scheduled 90-day temporary duty of the Washington state Air Guard’s 116th 

Fighter Interceptor Squadron to England to a permanent change of station 

move there.218

25 June 1951. The Air Force reported that pilots in the 111th Fighter 

Bomber Squadron (FBS), Texas ANG, and 154th FBS, Arkansas ANG, 

averaged approximately 20 hours of F-84 flying time prior to reporting to the 

Far East Air Forces.219

26 June 1951. Pilots of the 182nd Fighter Bomber Squadron, Texas Air 

Guard, flew a strike against an airfield at Yongu, North Korea from their 

base at Itazuke AB, Japan.220

26 June 1951. While escorting B-29s near "MiG Alley" over North Korea, 

1st Lt. Arthur E. Olinger and Capt. Harry Underwood of the 182nd Fighter 

Bomber Squadron, Texas ANG, flying F-84s, shared credit for the Air 

Guard’s first jet kill, a MiG-15.221

30 June 1951. As of this date, approximately 38,000 Air Guardsmen had 

been called to extended active duty because of the Korean War. Of the 5,148 

ANG officers mobilized, 52 percent were pilots.222

30 June 1951. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau reported that, 

effective this date, organizational changes, primarily adoption of the Air 

Force’s Wing Base Plan, had increased the ANG’s authorized personnel 

strength from 57,709 to 79,449.223

July 1951. The last units of the Air Guard’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing left 

the United States for Japan.224

July 1951. The 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Alabama ANG, 

was redesignated the 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (Photo Jet) 

and converted from RF-51Ds to RF-80As.225

July 1951. After replacing many of its older F-86As with newer models, the 

proportion of combat-ready aircraft assigned to the 116th Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron, Washington state ANG, rose from 38 to 77 percent while its 

aircraft in-commission rate increased from 56.6 to 75 percent.226

July 1951. The District of Columbia Air Guard’s 121st Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron converted from F-84Cs to F-94Bs at New Castle County AFB, 

Delaware. It remained at that location executing its air defense mission until 

it returned to state control.227
28

3 July 1951. Because of growing concerns in the Far East about the build up 

of communist air strength just north of the Yalu River in China, the Air 

Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing received orders transferring it to Japan 

instead of Europe as originally planned. The unit had already sent its 75 F84Es to New York for shipment to Europe and had to obtain other F-84Es 

from the Air Force to replace them.228

10 & 12 July 1951. The Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing --

consisting of the 158th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Georgia, 159th 

FBS, Florida, and the 196th FBS, California -- departed San Diego, 

California for Japan with their F-84Es aboard the aircraft carriers USS 

Windham Bay and USS Stikoh Bay.229

24 & 27 July 1951. The Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing arrived in 

Japan at Yokosuka Naval Base. The wing was stationed at Misawa AB, 

Japan. Despite extensive efforts to protect them with heavy coatings of 

cosmoline, nearly half of the unit's 75 F-84Es suffered either structural 

damage or sea-spray corrosion during the ocean crossing. Two of the wing's 

fighter squadrons were stationed at Misawa AB while the third was sent to 

Chitose.230

August 1951. The Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron arrived at its new base at Royal Air Force (RAF) Shepherds Grove 

in Suffolk, England with its F-86As. Its mission was to reinforce the air 

defense of the United Kingdom under the operational control of the RAF.231

August 1951. The Maryland Air Guard’s 104th Fighter Squadron, which 

was not mobilized during the Korean War, was redesignated the 104th 

Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted from F-47Ds to F-51Hs.232

August 1951. The Air Guard’s 169th Fighter Squadron, which remained in 

state status during the Korean War, converted from F-51Ds to F-51Hs at its 

home station, Peoria, Illinois. On 1 July 1952, it was redesignated the 169th 

Fighter Interceptor Squadron. Its mission changed again when it was 

redesignated the 169th Fighter Bomber Squadron on 1 December 1952.233

1 August 1951. ANG units called into active military service on this date 

included the: 105th Aircraft Control and Warning squadron (AC&WS), New 

Jersey; 152nd Aircraft Control and Warning Group, New York; 106th 

AC&WS, New York; 107th AC&WS, Arizona; and the 108th AC&WS, New 

York.234
29

9 August 1951. Secretary of the Air Force Thomas K. Finletter approved a 

“Long Range Plan for Reserve Forces.” Its goal was to provide a dependable 

and immediately available supply of trained individuals and units for 

mobilization For the first time, missions and personnel strengths of the air 

reserve components were tied to the Air Force’s master war plan. The Air 

Force promised, as far as possible, to maintain the integrity of Air Reserve 

Components’ (ARC) units in future mobilizations. It also committed itself to 

providing ARC units with a full supply of first line equipment.235

13-27 August 1951. All 25 F-86As of the 116th Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron moved from Geiger Field, Washington to England. The Air 

Guardsmen flew the aircraft in stages with the majority of delays due to bad 

weather.236

1 September 1951. ANG units mobilized this date because of the Korean 

War included the: 102nd Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), 

Rhode Island; 103rd AC&WS, Connecticut; 156th Aircraft Control and 

Warning Group, Illinois; 126th AC&WS, Illinois; 104th AC&WS, Maine; 

101st Aircraft Control Squadron, Massachusetts; 151st Tactical Control 

Group, Massachusetts; 127th AC&WS, Michigan; and the128th AC&WS, 

Wisconsin.237

5 September 1951. While flying his 57th combat mission as a member of a 

regular Air Force unit, 1st Lt. Oliver Tandy’s F-51 was shot down. The 

Oregon Air Guardsman was captured by Chinese communist troops. Tandy 

spent the next two years as a prisoner of war.238

18 September 1951. The Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter Bomber Wing received 

notice to prepare for movement from Goodman Field, Kentucky to Europe to 

fly the F-84s which its pilots had begun to transition to during the summer of 

1950.239

September 1951. The California Air Guard’s 115th Bomb Squadron 

(Light) converted from B-26B/Cs to jet-powered North American B-45A

Tornados while based at Langley AFB, Virginia. B-45As were the Air Force's 

first multi-jet bombers and its first light bombers that were equipped to 

deliver nuclear weapons.240

September 1951. The Delaware Air Guard’s 142nd Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron, which remained at its home base to provide air defense for the 

mid-Atlantic region after it was mobilized because of the Korean War, 

converted from F-84Cs to F-94Bs.241
30

1 October 1951. ANG units mobilized this date because of the Korean War 

included the: 120th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), 

Arkansas; 158th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, Texas; 134th AC&WS, 

Texas, the 135th AC&WS, Louisiana, and 136th AC&WS, Texas.242

12 October 1951. The Air Force ordered an advanced detachment of the 

Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter Bomber Wing to move from Goodman Field, 

Kentucky by air to England.243

22-24 October 1951. Maj, Gen. Earl T. Ricks, Chief of the Air Force 

Division, NGB, reported to the annual conference of the National Guard 

Association of the United States that pilot procurement was a major 

continuing problem for the ANG. The Air Force was expanding and he 

expected many Guard aviators on active to stay in the Air Force once their 

terms of mobilized service were over. In addition, many returning ANG pilots 

would be over-age-in-grade. Ricks reported that the ANG only had 12 

personnel currently engaged in Air Force undergraduate pilot training.244

30 October 1951. The first group of B-26s from the ANG's 126th Bomb Wing 

(BW) (Light) departed Langley AFB, Virginia for their new base at BordeauxMerignac, France. Assigned to help strengthen NATO, the wing was 

composed of the Illinois'108th Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light) and 168th BS 

(Light), and Missouri's 180th BS (Light).245

October 1951. The Air Guard’s 136th Fighter Bomber Wing moved from 

Japan to K-2 airfield at Teague, Korea.246

October 1951. Based at RAF Shepards Grove in the United Kingdom, the 

Washington state Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Interceptor Squadron 

participated in "Exercise Pinnacle," preparing to help defend the United 

Kingdom against enemy air attacks.247

1 November 1951. ANG units called into federal service this date because 

of the Korean War included the: 110th Aircraft Control and Warning 

Squadron (AC&WS), South Carolina; 114th AC&WS, Florida; 155th AC&WG, 

Ohio; 121st AC&WS, Ohio; 122d AC&WS, Indiana; 123rd AC&WS, Ohio; 

124th AC&WS, Oklahoma; 125th AC&WS, Missouri; 126th AC&WS, 

Missouri; 131st AC&WS, Missouri; 133d AC&WS, Iowa; 155th Aircraft 

Control and warning Group (AC&WG), Ohio; and the 157th AC&WG, 

Missouri.248

5 November 1951. Col. Albert Prendergast, commander of the Air Guard’s 

136th Fighter Bomber Wing, was shot down and killed during a combat 

mission over Korea.249
31

10 November 1951. An advance party of the Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter 

Bomber Wing arrived at Manston RAF Station in the United Kingdom from 

the U.S.250

15 November 1951. The main body of the Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter 

Bomber Wing left Goodman Field, Kentucky for shipment overseas from the 

New York Port of Embarkation aboard the U.S.S. Hershey.251

16 November 1951. The Air Force transferred four ANG fighter wings --

the 131st, 146th, the 132nd, and the 108th -- from the Strategic Air Command to 

the Tactical Air Command (TAC). The official reason for the switch was to 

help fulfill TAC’s requirements to support Army ground training. The 

transferred units were equipped with conventionally-powered fighters.252

28 November 1951. Elements of the Florida ANG’s 159th Fighter Bomber 

Squadron, including 13 F-84s, arrived at Teague AB, Korea from Japan for a 

short combat tour and began flying combat missions that same day. They 

bombed rail lines near Wonsan, North Korea as part of the campaign to 

interdict the flow of communist supplies to the battle front.253

November 1951. The Continental Air Command reported that the Air 

Guard had been authorized to form cadre units to begin preparing for the 

return of mobilized ANG units to state service. The command had begun 

preparing plans for that development in July 1951. Each cadre unit would be 

established six months prior to the return of an Air Guard unit to its home 

station.254

November 1951. The Air Guard’s 123rd Fighter Bomber Wing --

consisting of the 165th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Kentucky, 156th 

FBS, North Carolina, and the 167th FBS, West Virginia -- took over F-84Es 

at its base at RAF Manston in the United Kingdom from an Air Force unit. 

The 167th FBS reported that less than 10 percent of its ANG personnel 

remained with the unit when it moved to England. The bulk of its original 

personnel had been either sent to Korea or transferred to Air Force units in 

the continental U.S..255

November 1951. The 101st Fighter Interceptor Squadron of Massachusetts, 

which remained under state control during the Korean War, converted from 

F-84Bs to F-51Hs.256

November 1951. The 131st Fighter Squadron of the Massachusetts Air 

Guard , which remained in state service during the Korean War, converted 
32

from F-47Ds to F-51Hs and was redesignated the 131st Fighter Interceptor 

Squadron.257

1 December 1951. ANG units mobilized this date because of the Korean 

War included the: 111th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), 

Pennsylvania; 112th AC&WS, Pennsylvania; 113th AC&WS, District of 

Columbia; 119th AC&WS, Tennessee; 144th AC&WS, 145th AC&WS, 

California; 146th AC&WS, California; 153rd Aircraft Control and Warning 

Group (AC&WG), Pennsylvania; and 161st AC&WG, California.258

2 December 1951. The 159th Fighter Bomber Squadron dispatched 16 F84Es, pilots, and support personnel from Japan to Teague AB, Korea where 

they flew their first combat mission that same morning.259

7 December 1951. After moving to Europe by sea, the main body of 

personnel and equipment of the 126th Bombardment Wing (Light) arrived at 

its base near Merignac, France.260

7 December 1951. The main body of the 123rd Fighter Bomber Wing 

arrived at Manston RAF Station, England after movement by sea from the 

U.S. The unit would operate F-84Es obtained from the Strategic Air 

Command by its advance detachment.261

December 1951. The 140th Fighter Wing of the Colorado Air Guard, 

mobilized for the Korean War, was transferred to Clovis AFB, New Mexico. 

Its leader, Brig Gen Joe C. Moffitt, became the only ANG general officer 

known to have commanded an Air Force tactical unit and base during that 

conflict.262

December 1951. North Carolina's 118th Aircraft Control and Warning 

Squadron (AC&WS) was transferred from Stewart AFB, Tennessee to 

French Morocco to help protect SAC's bomber base at Nouasseur. It also 

maintained detachments in the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert. 

Georgia's 116th AC&WS, 117th AC&WS, and 129th AC&WS served in 

French Morocco during the Korean War as did that state’s 154th Tactical 

Control Group.263

December 1951. The Utah ANG’s 191st Fighter Bomber Squadron moved to 

Clovis AFB, New Mexico from its home station with its F-51Ds. It remained 

at Clovis AFB until it returned to state control.264

December 1951. The Wyoming ANG’s 187th Fighter Bomber Squadron, 

equipped with F-51Ds, moved from Cheyenne to Clovis AFB, New Mexico. It 

remained there until it was returned to state control.265
33

January 1952. The Alabama ANG’s 160th Tactical Reconnaissance 

Squadron deployed to Europe and was temporarily stationed at 

Furstenfeldbruck AB and Neubiberg AB in Germany pending completion of 

facilities at Toul-Roiseres AB, France.266

February 1952. The 116th Fighter Bomber Wing, based in Japan, was 

selected to be the first Air Guard unit to participate in aerial refueling under 

combat conditions.267

February 1952. The Air Force picked nine pilots from the Idaho Air 

Guard’s 190th Fighter Squadron (FS) for combat duty in Korea. Eventually, 

15 pilots from the 190th FS went to Korea although the unit remained in the 

continental US throughout its entire period of active federal service during 

the conflict.268

February 1952. The New Jersey ANG’s 119th Fighter Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, converted from F-47Ds 

to F-51Hs.269

March 1952. The Air Force established the mobilization assignment of all 

ANG fighter units in the continental U.S. as air defense.270

April 1952. Selected air crews from the Air Guard's 126th Bomb Wing 

(Light) and other Air Force units in Europe units began deploying to Korea 

for 60-day combat tours to improve their operational training.271

April 1952. Approximately 400 members of the Colorado ANG’s 120th 

Fighter Squadron participated as human guinea pigs in an atomic bomb test, 

"Tumbler Snapper Shot III," at Yucca Flats, Nevada while on temporary duty 

from Clovis AFB, New Mexico.272

April 1952. After being mobilized at its home station at Truax Field, 

Madison because of the Korean War, the Wisconsin Air Guard’s 176th Fighter 

Interceptor Squadron was partially equipped with F-89As but retained its F51Ds. It remained at Truax Field until it was returned to state control.273

1 May 1952. Many of the personnel of the Connecticut ANG’s 103rd 

Aircraft Control and warning Squadron (AC&WS) were transferred to the 

newly-organized 932nd AC&WS. After intensive training on Cape Cod, 

Massachusetts, the new unit moved to Iceland that fall where it established 

the first radar installation on the island of Keflavik.274
34

3 May 1952. Flying an F-86 in a regular Air Force squadron, Capt. Robert 

J. Love, a California Air Guardsman, shot down his fifth MiG 15. With that 

victory, he became the first of four ANG aces during the Korean War. Love 

ended the conflict with six confirmed MiG kills.275

13 May 1952. Flying F-84Gs, aircraft equipped for in-flight-refueling and 

capable of delivering tactical nuclear weapons, the Kansas ANG’s 127th 

Fighter Bomber Squadron deployed to Chaumont, France as part of the 137th 

Fighter Bomber Wing (FBW). After training Air Force pilots on the aircraft, 

the unit returned home two months later and its personnel were 

demobilized. The unit’s F-84Gs remained in France and were absorbed into 

the 48th FBW.276

20 May 1952. Maj. Gen. George G. Finch of Georgia, Continental Air 

Command's Deputy for Air National Guard Matters, proposed that small 

numbers of ANG pilots at strategic locations be placed on short tours of active 

duty to augment the Air Defense Command's runway alert program.277

28-29 May 1952. The Air Guard’s 116th Fighter Bomber Wing participated 

in "Operation High Tide," the first air refueling under combat conditions. 

After launching missions from Japan and attacking targets near Sariwon, 

North Korea, its F-84 fighter-bombers were refueled by KB-29 tankers on 

their return flights to Misawa Air Base.278

May 1952. The Air Guard’s 126th Bomb Wing (Light) of Illinois was 

transferred from Merignac AB, France to Laon AB, France.279

9 July 1952. Congress passed the “Armed Forces Reserve Act of 1952,” also 

known as the “Magna Charta” of the reserve components. Designed to 

rejuvenate the reserve components, it divided them into three categories: 

ready, standby, and retired. The ready reserve was authorized a strength of 

1.5 million. All ANG units were placed in the highest priority category, the 

ready reserve - a position that they had held in fact, if not law, since 1946. 

The legislation also allowed individual Guardsmen and Reservists to 

volunteer for active duty for routine peacetime operations and contingencies 

thereby avoiding the political and diplomatic risks of mobilizations.280

10 July 1952. On this date, the following ANG flying squadrons were 

demobilized: 111th Fighter Bomber Squadron (FBS), Texas; 112th Bomb 

Squadron (Light), Ohio; 125th Fighter Squadron (FS), Oklahoma; 127th FS, 

Kansas; 128th FBS, Georgia; 154th FBS, Arkansas; 156th FS, North 

Carolina; 157th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, South Carolina; 158th 

FBS, Georgia; 159th FBS, Florida; 160th TRS, Alabama; 165th FS, 
35

Kentucky; 167th FS, West Virginia ; 182nd FBS, Texas; and the 196th FBS, 

California.281

July 1952. The Texas ANG’s 181st Fighter Interceptor Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, relocated from Hensley 

Field, Naval Air Station Dallas to Love Field, Dallas. It operated F-51H 

aircraft.282

8 August 1952. Capt. Clifford D. Jolley, a Utah Air Guardsman, scored his 

fifth victory over a MiG 15. Flying an F-86 in a regular Air Force unit, he 

became the second of four ANG aces during the Korean War. Jolley ended 

the conflict with 7 confirmed kills.283

19 August 1952. The Georgia Air Guard’s 129th Aircraft Control and 

Warning Squadron was released from active duty and returned to state 

control.284

15 August 1952. The Puerto Rico Air Guard’s 198th Fighter Squadron, 

which remained in state service during the Korean War, was redesignated 

the 198th Fighter Bomber Squadron and continued to fly F-47Ns. 285

August 1952. A contingent of mobilized Idaho Air Guardsmen from the 

190th Fighter Bomber Squadron left George AFB, California on a classified 

mission to ferry 37 F-51s to Iceland for use by another Air Force unit. The 

operation was classified because the Icelandic public strongly opposed foreign 

military forces being stationed on their nation’s territory.286

1 September 1952. The New Jersey ANG’s 199th Fighter Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the 

119th Fighter Bomber Squadron. It continued to operate F-51Hs at home 

station.287

1 September 1952. The New York ANG’s 137th Fighter Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the 

137th Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted from F-47Ds to F51Hs.288

1 September 1952. The Rhode Island Air Guard’s 152nd Fighter Squadron, 

which remained under state control during the Korean War, was 

redesignated the 152nd Fighter Interceptor Squadron and continued to fly F51D/Hs. 289
36

11 September 1952. The 107th Fighter Squadron (FS), Michigan ANG; 

132nd FS, Maine ANG; 133rd FS, New Hampshire ANG; and the 188th FS, 

New Mexico ANG were released from active duty.290

15 September 1952. Capt. Robinson Risner, an Oklahoma Air Guardsman 

flying an F-86 in a regular Air Force unit, shot down his fifth MiG 15 

becoming the third ANG ace of the war. Maj. Risner ended the conflict with 

eight confirmed kills. He remained in the active duty Air Force after the 

conflict and became one of the senior American POW leaders in the “Hanoi 

Hilton” during the Vietnam War.291

15 September 1952. The 8144th Air Base Squadron was constituted at 

Elmendorf AFB as the first unit of the Territory of Alaska’s Air Guard. It 

initially consisted of 16 members and shortly afterward received its first 

aircraft, a T-6G Texan trainer.292

October 1952. The Ohio Air Guard’s 162nd Fighter Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the 

162nd Fighter Bomber Squadron. It continued to operate its F-51H aircraft.293

1 October 1952. The California ANG’s 194th Fighter Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the 

194th Fighter Interceptor Squadron. It retained its F-51D/Hs.294

1 October 1952. The Pennsylvania ANG’s 147th Fighter Squadron, which 

remained under state control during the Korean War, was redesignated the 

147th Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted from F-47Ns to F-51Hs.295

8 October 1952. The 116th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron 

(AC&WS), Georgia ANG ; 117th AC&WS, Georgia ANG ; 118th AC&WS, 

North Carolina ANG; and 154th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 

Georgia ANG, were released from active duty.296

15 October 1952: Air Guard flying squadrons released from active duty this 

date were the: 109th Fighter Squadron (FS), Minnesota; 136th FS, New York; 

192nd FS, Nevada.297

16 October 1952. The Air Guard’s 111th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing --

consisting of Pennsylvania’s 103rd Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron (SRS) 

as well as two new Air Guard-manned units, 129th SRS and 130th SRS --

converted from RB-29s to RB-36s at Fairchild AFB, Washington.298

1 November 1952. ANG flying squadrons relived from active duty on this 

date were the: 113th Fighter Squadron (FS), Indiana; 115th BS (Light), 
37

California; 116th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Washington; 121st FS, 

District of Columbia; 134th FS, Vermont; 142nd FS, Delaware; 148th FBS, 

Pennsylvania; 163rd FS; Indiana; 166th FS, Ohio; 171st FS, Michigan; 172nd 

FS, Michigan; 175th FS, South Dakota; 176th FS, Wisconsin; and the 197th 

FS, Arizona.299

5 November 1952. The Ohio ANG’s 164th Fighter Squadron, which 

remained in state service during the Korean War, was redesignated the 164th

Fighter Bomber Squadron. It continued to operate its F-51H aircraft.300

15 November 1952. The ANG flying squadrons were demobilized on this 

date were the: 103rd Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), Pennsylvania; 106th 

Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (TRS), Alabama; 108th BS (Light), 

Illinois; 120th Fighter Squadron (FS), Colorado; 124th FS, Iowa; 155th TRS, 

Tennessee; 173rd FS, Nebraska; 174th FS, Iowa; 178th FS, North Dakota; 

185th TRS, Oklahoma; 186th FS, Montana; 187th Fighter Bomber Squadron, 

Wyoming.301

15 November 1952. The 146th Fighter Bomber wing which consisted of 

three ANG fighter squadrons equipped with F-51s -- the 190th Fighter 

Bomber Squadron ( FBS), Idaho; 186th FBS, Montana; and 178th FBS, North 

Dakota -- was transferred from SAC to TAC. The wing remained at George 

AFB, California.302

19 November 1952. The Hawaii' ANG’s 199th Fighter Bomber Squadron, 

which remained under state control during the Korean War, was 

redesignated a fighter interceptor squadron. It continued flying F-47Ns from 

Hickam AFB.303

1 December 1952. ANG flying squadrons relieved from active duty on this 

date were the: 102nd Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), New York; 105th Fighter 

Squadron (FS), Tennessee; 110th FS, Missouri; 123rd FS, Oregon; 141st 

Fighter Bomber Squadron, New Jersey; 149th FS, Virginia; 153rd FS, 

Mississippi; 170th FS, Illinois; and the 179th FS, Minnesota.304

1 December 1952. The 118th Fighter Squadron (FS), Connecticut ANG, and 

the 126th FS, Wisconsin ANG, were demobilized.

1 December 1952. The 169th Fighter Interceptor Squadron of the Illinois 

Air Guard was redesignated a fighter bomber squadron. Remaining in state 

service during the Korean War, it operated F-51Hs from its home station at 

Peoria.305
38

4 December 1952. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force authorized the Air 

Defense Command to place 10 ANG pilots on active duty at Hancock Field, 

New York and Hayward, California to test the Air Guard’s runway alert 

concept at those locations.306

11 December 1952. The 195th Fighter Squadron, California ANG, was 

released from active duty.

15 December 1952. The 137th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 

Colorado ANG, the 159th Aircraft Control and Warning Group (AC&WG), 

Colorado ANG, and the 162d AC&WG, California ANG, were returned to 

state control.307

1 January 1953. ANG flying squadrons demobilized on this date were the: 

117th Bomb Squadron (BS) (Light), Pennsylvania; 122nd BS (Light), 

Louisiana; 168th BS (Light), Illinois; 180th BS (Light), Missouri; and the 

190th Fighter Squadron, Idaho.308

1 February 1953. Air National Guard units released from active duty and 

returned to state control included: 130th Aircraft Control and Warning 

squadron (ACW&S), Utah; 132d AC&WS, Minnesota; 138th AC&WS, 

Colorado; 139th AC&WS, Colorado; 142d AC&WS, Oregon; 143d AC&WS, 

Washington; 147th AC&WS, California; 148th AC&WS, California; 149th 

AC&WS, California; and the 160th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 

Washington.309

1 March 1953. The 138th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Syracuse, New 

York and the 194th Fighter Bomber Squadron at Hayward, California began 

an experimental augmentation of ADC's runway alert program by Air Guard 

fighter units. Each unit maintained two F-51Ds and five pilots on alert from 

one hour before sunrise to one hour after sunset throughout the week. Based 

upon the experiment's success, continuous Air Guard participation in the 

runway alert program was adopted in 1954. It marked the beginning of the 

Air Force's total force approach to reserve component utilization and 

training.310

27 March 1953. Maj. James P. Hagerstrom, a Texas Air Guardsman flying 

an F-86 in a regular Air Force unit, shot down a MiG 15 raising his total kills 

to 5.5 during that war. Hagerstrom was the fourth Air Guardsman to become 

an ace in Korea. He ended the conflict with 8.5 confirmed kills. During World 

War II, Hagerstrom had downed 8 enemy aircraft in the Southwest Pacific 

while a member of the Army Air Forces. He remained in the active duty Air 

Force after the Korean War.311
39

June 1953. Lockheed’s F-94A/B Starfires first entered state service with the 

New York Air Guard’s 137th Fighter Interceptor Squadron replacing the 

unit’s F-51Hs. During their federal call-up for the Korean War, three ANG 

squadrons had been equipped with F-94A/Bs but lost those jet fighters when 

they left federal active duty.312

1 July 1953. Col. Winston P. Wilson, an Arkansas Air Guardsman, was 

appointed Acting Chief, Air Force Division of the NGB because of the ill 

health of Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks.313

27 July 1953. Representatives of China, North Korea, and the United 

States signed an armistice ending Korean War hostilities.314

1 August 1953. Air National Guard units demobilized and returned to state 

control included the: 105th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron 

(AC&WS), New Jersey; 106th AC&WS, New York; 108th AC&WS, New York; 

and the 152d Aircraft Control and Warning Group, New York.315

1 September 1953. Air National Guard units demobilized and returned to 

state control included the: 101st Aircraft Control Squadron, Massachusetts; 

102d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), Rhode Island; 103d 

AC&WS, Connecticut; 104th AC&WS, Maine; 126th AC&WS, Illinois; 127th

AC&WS, Michigan; 128th AC&WS, Wisconsin; 151st Aircraft Control and 

Warning Group (AC&WG), Massachusetts; and the 156th AC&WG, Illinois.316

1 October 1953. The 120th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron 

(AC&WS), Arkansas; 134th AC&WS, Texas; 135th AC&WS, Louisiana; 136th

AC&WS, Texas; and the 158th Aircraft Control and warning Group, Texas 

were demobilized.317

1 November 1953. ANG units demobilized on this date were the: 110th

Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), South Carolina; 114th

AC&WS, Florida; 122d AC&WS, Indiana; 123d AC&WS, Ohio; 124th AC&WS, 

Oklahoma; 125th AC&WS, Missouri; 131st AC&WS, Missouri; 133 AC&WS, 

Iowa; 155th Aircraft Control and warning Group (AC&WG), Ohio; and 157th

AC&WG, Missouri.318

November 1953. Montana’s 186th Fighter Interceptor Squadron became the 

first Air Guard unit in state service to convert to North American’s F-86 

Sabre. Eventually 31 ANG squadrons were equipped with the aircraft before 

it was phased out of Guard service in 1960.319
40

November 1953. The number of ANG fighter squadrons under the Air 

Defense Command’s cognizance was increased from 52 to 70. Every fighter 

squadron then allotted to the Air Guard was included.320

1 December 1953. The last ANG units demobilized after their Korean War 

service were the: 111th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&WS), 

Pennsylvania; 112th AC&WS, Pennsylvania, 113th AC&WS, District of 

Columbia; 119th AC&WS, Tennessee; 144th AC&WS, California; 145th

AC&WS, California; 146th AC&WS, California; 153d Aircraft Control and 

Warning Group (AC&WG), Pennsylvania; and the 161st AC&WG, 

California.321

4 January 1954. Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, an Arkansas Air Guardsman 

assigned as the Chief of the Air Force Division and the Deputy Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau, died in the service of his country.322

26 January 1954. Brig. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, an Arkansas Air 

Guardsman, was appointed Assistant Chief, National Guard Bureau, Air, 

following the death of Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks. Wilson had been serving as 

the acting head of the Air Guard because of Ricks’ illness.323

January 1954. Pennsylvania’s 146th Fighter Bomber Squadron became 

the first Air Guard unit to begin converting to the Republic F-84F 

Thunderstreak. The aircraft eventually equipped 24 ANG squadrons and 

performed the interceptor, nuclear weapons delivery, and tactical fighter 

roles until the last ones were phased out of Guard service in the first quarter 

of 1972.324

2 February 1954. To launch a nationwide Air Guard recruiting drive, Col. 

Willard W. Millikan, commander of the District of Columbia’s 113th Fighter 

Bomber Wing, set a Los Angeles to New York City speed record of four hours, 

eight minutes and five seconds in an F-86 borrowed from the Air Force.325

15 March 1954. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force rejected a campaign begun 

earlier that year by the Air Guard to transfer the training and inspection 

function for ANG units from the Continental Air Command to organizations 

such as the Air Defense Command that would actually use those outfits in 

wartime. That proposal, which became known as the “gaining command” 

concept of reserve forces management, was finally adopted by the Air Force 

in February 1960. Its basic premise was that those major air commands 

which would fight Guard and Reserve units during wartime would train and 

inspect them in peacetime.326
41

15 August 1954. Based on the success of the Air Guard’s air defense runway 

alert experiment in 1953, the program was implemented on a permanent 

basis by the Air Force. The first 8 ANG fighter squadrons began standing 

alert from dawn to dusk on this date.327

1 October 1954. On this date, nine additional ANG fighter squadrons 

joined the original eight Air Guard fighter units that had begun standing air 

defense runway alert on a permanent basis on 15 August 1954. Each of the 

squadrons provided two aircraft on five-minute alert from dawn to dusk.328

October 1954. The National Guard Association of the United States formally 

requested that strategic airlift units be organized in the ANG. Although that 

request was rejected by the Air Force, it marked the beginning of a long term 

effort by Guard interests to diversify its force structure because municipal 

airports hosting ANG units either could not or would not allow conversion to 

jet fighters as well as concerns that changing technology, doctrine, national 

security requirements, and the costs of modernizing its aging fighter and 

lighter bomber force would place the ANG’s flying unit force structure at risk. 

At that time most ANG units flew fighters. A handful operated B-26s.329

October 1954. Equipped with F-80s, a team from the Colorado Air Guard’s 

140th Fighter Group won the ANG Gunnery Meet at Boise, Idaho.330

15 January 1955. 1st Lt. Thomas E. Williams, a Tuskegee Airman and a 

member of the 141st Fighter Bomber Squadron, New Jersey Air National 

Guard, was killed during a routine training mission when his F-86A crashed 

after entering an unrecoverable spin. Having joined his unit on 7 May 1954, 

he was the first known African American pilot in the ANG.331

January 1955. Brig. Gen. Joseph J. Foss, a recent South Dakota ANG Chief 

of Staff, was inaugurated as governor of that state following his victory in the 

November 1954 election. Foss had been a Marine Corps fighter pilot in the 

Pacific during World War II where he had become an ace and a Medal of 

Honor recipient.332

1 February 1955. Maj. Gen. George G. Finch, a Georgia Air National 

Guardsmen, assumed command of 14th Air Force. He was the first Air 

Guardsman to head an active duty Air Force organization above the wing 

level.333

3 April 1955. The 129th Air Resupply Squadron (ARS) was extended federal 

recognition in California and equipped with Curtiss C-46D Commando aircraft. 

It was one of four new ANG units tasked with secret special operations 

missions formed that year at the request of the Air Force and the Central 
42

Intelligence Agency The others were the: 130th ARS, West Virginia; 135th ARS, 

Maryland; and the 143rd ARS, Rhode Island. The creation of those units 

marked the debut of the special operations mission in the Air Guard.334

30 June 1955. The Air National Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 

1955) reached 61,306 including 3,142 pilots.335

June 1955. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Air and Army 

National Guard aircraft had been utilized to speed supplies of the new Salk 

polio vaccine, syringes, needles, and other inoculation necessities to several 

distribution points across the nation.336

9 August 1955. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Reserve Forces 

Act of 1955, Public Law 305, 84th Congress, into law. Among other provisions, 

the law required that all non-prior service enlisted recruits in the Air 

National Guard must undergo basic training by the Air Force beginning in 

Fiscal Year 1957.337

August 1955. Connecticut Air Guardsmen assisted state and local 

authorities plus federal military forces to deal with flood waters that 

inundated large areas of their home state as well as portions of New Jersey, 

Rhode Island, New York, and Pennsylvania.338

25 September 1955. The Air Defense Command conducted a nationwide 

recall test nicknamed “Operation Stop Watch.” About 50 percent of the 73 Air 

Guard’s fighter squadrons which participated were combat ready within two 

hours of notification according to ADC.339

1 February 1956. The 150th Air Transport Squadron (Medium), New Jersey 

ANG, was extended federal recognition effective this date. The first pure airlift 

unit in the Air Guard, the squadron was equipped with Curtiss C-46D 

Commandos.340

1 April 1956. The National Guard Bureau published ANGR 50-07 which 

regulated the criteria and policies to be followed by Air Guard flying personnel 

for conducting the recently approved 36 additional flight training periods, 

beyond their annual training and monthly drill requirements.341

30 June 1956. The Air National Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 

1956) reached 63,534 including 3,451 pilots.342

1 July 1956. Members of the Hawaii Air Guard’s 169th Aircraft Control and 

Warning Squadron and its 109th Aircraft Control and Warning Flight began 

manning a radar site around-the-clock, seven days a week to maintain constant 
43

surveillance of the air approaches to those Pacific islands.343

1 August 1956. Capt. Norma Parsons Erb became the first female member of 

the National Guard in its history. She joined the New York Air Guard’s after 

President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed legislation authorizing female nurses 

to join the Guard.344

October 1956. Secretary of the Air Force, Donald A. Quarles, designated 

Colorado’s “Minute Men” as the Air National Guard’s official aerial 

demonstration team. Supported by that federal recognition and the 

accompanying money, the team began performing nationally and 

internationally with its F-86s. The team had originally been formed in 1947 

and had performed at various events around Colorado.

345

14 November 1956. The Air Defense Command opposed equipping ANG 

units with complicated missile-firing fighters which it believed were probably 

beyond the capability of the latter to maintain and operate effectively. In a 

complete reversal of its earlier recommendations, the command urged that no 

more than 30 percent of Air Guard fighter squadrons be equipped with allweather interceptors and another 30 percent be given day fighters while the 

remaining flying units were converted to rescue and transport missions.346

1 February 1957. The 150th Air Transport Squadron (Medium), New Jersey 

ANG, was redesignated the 150th Aeromedical Transport Squadron (Light) 

effective this date marking the Air Guard’s debut in that mission.347

27 February 1957. The last operational F-51, a D model (Serial Number 44-

74936), which was assigned to the 167th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, West 

Virginia ANG at Martinsburg, left the active Air Force aircraft inventory and 

was transferred to the Air Force Museum.348

May 1957. During the “Operation Plumbbob” atomic tests in Nevada, ANG 

pilots from 12 fighter interceptor squadrons began flying through mushroom 

clouds to gather radioactive samples. The Air Guard squadrons were: 

Nebraska’s 173rd, New Hampshire’s 133rd, Illinois’ 170th, New York’s 149th and 

136th, Ohio’s 162nd, Texas’ 181st, Montana’s 186th, Oregon’s 123rd, Idaho’s 190th, 

California’s 194th, and Oklahoma’s 125th. The purpose of that training was to 

prepare the Air National Guard for the mission of tracking radioactive clouds 

and reporting danger areas in the event of a nuclear war.349

30 June 1957. The ANG’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1957) reached 

67,950 including 3,681 pilots.350

1 July 1957. Air National Guard technicians at two units – Salt Lake City, 
44

Utah’s 130th Aircraft Control and Warning Flight and Denver, Colorado’s 138th

Aircraft Control and Warning Flight – began operating and maintaining radar 

sites around-the-clock, seven days a week at each location. The ANG sites were 

integrated into the Air Defense Command’s radar network.351

October 1957. The National Guard Association of the United States formally 

requested that the Air Force purchase surplus piston-engine aircraft for the Air 

National Guard and the Air Force Reserve so that they could participate in the 

strategic airlift mission. The Air Force rejected that request.352

October 1957. Because the Air Force could not provide adequate training 

facilities to meet all of the ANG's needs, the latter opened the "Air National 

Guard Jet Instrument School" at Ellington AFB, Texas. The school was staffed 

by Air Guardsmen.353

15 November 1957. The Mississippi ANG’s 183rd Tactical Reconnaissance 

Squadron (Night Photographic) was redesignated the 183rd Aeromedical 

Transport Squadron and began converting from RB-26s to C-119Fs. The latter 

aircraft was subsequently modified to the MC-119J configuration to better suit 

them for the aeromedical evacuation role.354

April 1958. New Mexico’s 188th Fighter Interceptor Squadron became the first 

Air Guard unit to convert to North American’s F-100 Super Sabre. Eventually 

26 ANG squadrons operated and maintained that aircraft which was the 

world’s first operational fighter capable of supersonic performance during level 

flight.355

30 June 1958. The Air Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1958) 

reached 69,995 including 3,777 pilots.356

July 1958. Air Guard fighter units began using Camp Atterbury, Indiana as 

an air-to-ground gunnery and bombing range.357

20-30 October 1958. Flying North American F-86D all-weather interceptors, a 

team from the Florida Air National Guard’s 125th Fighter Interceptor Squadron 

won top honors at the Air Force’s “William Tell” worldwide air-to-air gunnery 

meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida. Col. Robert Dawson of the 125th fired a perfect 

score of 39,600 points making him the highest scoring pilot in the 

competition.358

March 1959. Flying their Northrop F-89H Scorpions from Tyndall AFB, 

Florida, pilots of the 109th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Minnesota ANG, 

became the first Air Guardsmen to live fire FALCON, radar-guided air-to-air 

missiles.359
45

March 1959. Members of the New York Air Guard’s 213th Ground Electronics 

Engineering and Installation Agency Squadron spent their 15-day annual 

training period installing communications facilities at the Air Force’s Cape 

Canaveral missile test center and nearby Patrick AFB, Florida. It was the first 

time an ANG unit had been employed in the huge expansion project underway 

at Canaveral. The unit ‘s deployment to Florida combined useful work and 

realistic “live scheme” training.360

30 June 1959. The Air Guard’s personnel end strength (Fiscal Year 1959) 

reached 70,994 including 3,678 pilots.361

30 June 1959. Colorado’s “Minute Men,” the Air National Guard’s official 

aerial demonstration team, was disbanded. Its federal funding had been 

eliminated.362

30 June 1959. During the fiscal year ending this date, the Air Guard’s air 

defense runway alert program was expanded to 22 fighter squadrons. Under 

that program, seven of them performed alert duties around-the-clock while the 

remaining 15 units exercised those responsibilities 14 hours per day mostly 

between dawn and dusk.363

July 1959. Ending as it had begun, unofficially, the Colorado Air Guard’s 

“Minute Men” aerial demonstration team performed for the last time – at 

Junction City, Colorado.364

July 1959. The last F-94Cs were phased out of Air National Guard service by 

Minnesota’s 179th Fighter Interceptor Squadron.365

October 1959. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Indiana

Air Guard’s 122nd Tactical Fighter Wing had volunteered to take over from 

active duty Air Force units the responsibility for conducting firepower 

demonstrations for officer students at Army service schools. The 122nd had 

agreed to conduct as many as 10 of those aerial firepower demonstrations each 

year.366

October 1959. Pilots from Indiana’s 122nd Tactical Fighter Wing, flying their 

Republic F-84F Thunderstreaks, conducted an aerial firepower demonstration 

for officer students at the U.S. Army’s Artillery and Missile School. It was the 

first example of an ANG unit deploying to take on this new mission for the Air 

Force367

11 December 1959. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force officially approved 

transferring four-engine C-97 transports to the ANG that had been declared 
46

surplus to the needs of the active force. Brig. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, 

Assistant Chief, National Guard Bureau, Air, had formally requested that 48 C97s being phased out of the USAF inventory be transferred to ANG units. Gen. 

Curtis E. LeMay, the Air Force Vice Chief of Staff, had rejected the request on 

the grounds that such big aircraft were too complex for ANG units to maintain 

and fly. He wanted Air Guardsmen to stick with simpler fighter aircraft but 

was overruled by Secretary of the Air Force James H. Douglas, Jr., a World 

War II Army Air Forces airlifter.

368

December 1959. After a huge snowstorm isolated ranch families in eastern 

New Mexico, the state’s lone ANG C-47 dropped 60 to 70 tons of hay over a 

seven-day period saving an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 sheep and an untold 

number of cattle.369

January 1960. ANG fighter units in California, Minnesota, New Hampshire, 

New York, and Oklahoma began converting from F-86s to C-97s, the reserve 

component's first four-engine transports. During 1960, six ANG units acquired 

48 C-97s.370

1-26 February 1960. 47 members of the Arkansas Air National Guard’s 

154th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron deployed to Elmendorf AFB, Alaska 

with four of the unit’s Martin RB-57s to provide photo reconnaissance support 

for “Exercise Little Bear,” the Army’s Arctic maneuvers. It was the earliest 

known deployment of an Air Guard unit outside the continental United States 

for training.371

2 February 1960. The Secretary of the Air Force, Dudley C. Sharp, approved 

the gaining command concept of reserve forces management which had long 

been championed by senior Air Guard leaders.372

16 February 1960. South Carolina’s 157th Fighter Interceptor Squadron 

began to phase in the Air National Guard’s first F-104A&Bs.373

March 1960. Selected aircrews from six ANG C-97 units completed retraining 

with the Military Air Transportation Service at Travis AFB, California. They 

then made transoceanic checkout flights to Tachikawa AFB, Japan and back.374

18 April 1960. The Air Force officially redesignated the former Denver 

Naval Air Station as Buckley Air National Guard Base. It was leased to the 

state of Colorado and operationally assigned to the ANG. (Was it the first 

air base assigned to and operated by an Air Guard unit?)375

24 April 1960. The Alaska Air Guard’s 144th Air Transport Squadron received 

its first ski-equipped Fairchild C-123J Provider.376
47

25 May 1960. Members of the Alaska Air Guard’s 144th Air Transport 

Squadron flew their first operational mission in two ski-equipped C-123Js. At 

the request of the Air Force, they carried radio equipment to scientists 

conducting geophysical research on the Artic ice pack about 600 miles from the 

North Pole. The mission took place approximately one month after the unit 

received its first Provider.377

3 June 1960. The first four Convair F-102 Delta Daggers were delivered to 

an Air Guard unit, the 182nd Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Kelly AFB, 

Texas.378

July 1960. Texas’ 182nd Fighter Interceptor Squadron became the first Air 

Guard unit to officially convert to Convair’s F-102A Delta Dagger. Eventually, 

22 more ANG fighter squadrons flew that aircraft.379

October 1960. An unidentified Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agent 

visited Brig. Gen. George R. Doster, commander of the 117th Tactical 

Reconnaissance Wing, Alabama ANG at his headquarters in Birmingham. He 

won Doster’s support to recruit Alabama Air Guardsmen as civilian contractors 

to train Cuban exiles to fly and maintain B-26s for a planned secret invasion of

Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro’s communist regime. After negotiations 

between the Pentagon and the CIA, the 117th was offered the opportunity to 

assist the secret CIA operation because it had flown RB-26s until it converted 

to Republic RF-84Fs on 1 May 1957. 380

1 December 1960. The Alaska ANG’s 144th Air Transport Squadron (Medium) 

completed its conversion from C-47As to ski-equipped C-123Js. It was the only 

ANG unit to be equipped with the C-123 as its mission aircraft. 381

7 April 1961. A New Mexico ANG F-100 accidentally discharged a heatseeking Sidewinder missile while making a practice intercept run on a B-52 

Stratofortress. The missile shot down the Strategic Air Command bomber 

killing three of its crew members. An Air Force board of inquiry absolved the 

Air Guard pilot of any blame for the tragic accident.382

19 April 1961. During the abortive CIA-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion by 

Cuban exiles, four Alabama Air Guardsmen, working as civilian contractors, 

were killed in action when their two B-26s were shot down. The Guardsmen, 

who had trained Cuban pilots and crews at a secret base in Nicaragua, had 

stepped in at the last minute to help exhausted Cuban exile aircrews try to 

stave off defeat at the Bay of Pigs.383

May 1961. Responding to an urgent request from the Military Air Transport 
48

Service, 17 Air Guard C-97As, volunteer crews and support personnel, hauled 

over 600,000 pounds of cargo to various destinations in the Pacific. It was the 

first recorded use of the ANG in the strategic airlift role overseas.384

5 July 1961. The last class of the "Air National Guard Jet Instrument School" 

completed its course of instruction. Since its inception in October 1957, the 

school had graduated 926 pilots.385

1 July 1961. Illinois’ 108th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, redesignated the 

108th Air Refueling Squadron on this date, became the first ANG unit to be 

assigned an air refueling role. 386

July 1961. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Arizona Air 

National Guard’s 161st Fighter Group had begun training 27 officers from the 

Republic of China to serve as maintenance instructors for F-104 

Starfighters.387

8 August 1961. The first Boeing KC-97F Stratofreighter was delivered to an 

Air Guard unit, the 108th Air Refueling Squadron in Illinois.388

13 August 1961. The Soviets and the East Germans began erecting the Berlin 

Wall.389

30 August 1961. President John F. Kennedy ordered 148,000 Guardsmen and 

Reservists to active duty in response to Soviet moves to cut off allied access to 

Berlin.390

6 September 1961. A KC-97F from Illinois’ 108th Air Refueling Squadron 

successfully executed the Air Guard’s first mid-air refueling. The tanker 

refueled an F-84F from the 169th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Illinois ANG.391

September 1961. The first individuals promoted to chief master sergeant in 

the Air Guard assumed their new rank during this month. The Air Force had 

begun promoting individuals to that rank on 1 December 1959.392

1 October 1961. Over 21,000 Air Guardsmen called into federal service by 

President Kennedy’s order to deal with the Berlin crisis reported to their units. 

Mobilized Air Guard units included: 18 tactical fighter squadrons, 4 tactical 

reconnaissance squadrons, 6 air transport squadrons, and a tactical air control 

group.393

1 November 1961. The Air Force mobilized three ANG fighter interceptor 

squadrons equipped with F-104A/Bs to help deal with the Berlin crisis.394
49

2 November 1961. To reinforce NATO during the Berlin crisis, the first of 

216 ANG jet fighter, reconnaissance, and trainer aircraft from mobilized units 

reached their bases in western Europe during Operation Stair Step. The entire 

island-hopping deployment across the Atlantic Ocean was completed without 

losing a single plane. It was the largest aircraft deployment operation in the Air 

Guard’s history.395

10 November 1961. Because of mechanical troubles, the first of 60 F104A/Bs from 3 ANG fighter interceptor squadrons mobilized for the Berlin 

crisis were airlifted to Europe by Air Force C-124s in Operation Brass Ring. 

The last of those aircraft were transported to Europe on 12 December 1961.396

March 1962. The Air Reservist magazine reported that personnel from three 

Air Guard Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons located in Denver, 

Colorado, Salt Lake City, Utah and Puerto Rico were manning radar sites on a 

fulltime basis for the Air Defense Command. In Hawaii, an Air Guard Aircraft 

Control and Warning Squadron also operated a radar site around-the-clock.397

April 1962. At the request of Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, RB-57 aircraft 

from the Nevada Air Guard’s 192nd Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron provided 

high altitude photo coverage of areas damaged by fire in Arizona and 

California.398

June 1962. A C-97A and crew from the New York Air Guard’s 109th Air 

Transport Group, mobilized during the Berlin crisis, flew a cargo of 

communications equipment from Dover AFB, Delaware to Nha Trang, 

Vietnam.399

30 June 1962. During Fiscal Year 1962 which ended on this date, the 

Massachusetts’ Air Guard’s 267th Communications Group began furnishing a 

complete shift of workers two nights each week for the Communications Center 

of the Air Force Space Track and Research Development Facility at Hanscom 

AFB.400

1 July 1962. Beginning on this date and continuing through 31 August 1962, 

Military Air Transport Service transports returned over 9,600 ANG personnel 

and 1,400 tons of equipment, including fighter aircraft, from Europe to the US 

following the end of the Berlin Wall crisis. Some 24 of those approximately 260 

airlift missions were flown by C-97s from mobilized ANG units.401

6 -20 July 1962 Air traffic controllers from the 231st Mobile Communications 

Squadron, District of Columbia ANG, operated the control tower, ground 

controlled approach, and navigation aids at the Air Guard’s field training site 

at Phelps-Collins Field, Alpena, Michigan. It was the first time that Air 
50

Guardsmen, not active duty Air Force personnel, had assumed the full 

responsibility for air base traffic control away from their home station during 

one of their annual training periods.402

9 July 1962. Upon arrival at Andrews AFB, Maryland from their Operation 

Stair Step deployment in Europe, an advance party of the ANG’s 152nd Tactical 

Control Group, received an impromptu greeting by President John F. Kennedy, 

Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert, and Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, Air 

Force Chief of Staff.403

11 July 1962. A C-97 from the Delaware ANG launched the unit’s first 

overseas flight. The mission to the Azores, Europe, and Greenland was 

undertaken primarily for training but the aircraft also carried cargo from 

Dover to Europe.404

22 July 1962. Under Operation High Top, all the ANG flying squadrons that 

had deployed to Europe during the Berlin Wall crisis, except three fighter 

interceptor squadrons (i.e., 151st, Tennessee; 157th, South Carolina; and 197th, 

Arizona) had returned to their home stations without accident by this date.405

6 August 1962. Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown, an Arkansas Air Guardsman, became 

the Assistant Chief, National Guard Bureau, Air.406

15 August 1962. The last three Air Guard fighter units mobilized in 1961 

during the Berlin crisis - - the 151st Fighter Interceptor Squadron (FIS), 

Tennessee; 157th FIS, South Carolina; and the 197th FIS, Arizona - - returned to 

state service. All but the 197th returned to their home stations with their F104s. The Air Force retained the latter’s Starfighters and transferred the first 

Boeing C-97Gs to the “Copperheads” in September 1962 to begin a unit 

conversion process.407

7 October 1962. The Air Guard opened a small center at the Portland 

Municipal Airport, home of the Oregon ANG’s 142nd Fighter Group, to train 

radar intercept officers for the nine Guard squadrons that flew the F-89J 

fighter interceptor.408

October 1962. During the Cuban Missile crisis, volunteer ANG aircrews 

and C-97s augmented global Air Force operations flying 29 special assignment 

airlift missions. Although not mobilized, 14 ANG fighter units were placed on 

accelerated training programs and prepared for possible “no notice” 

deployments. In addition, 26 ANG bases hosted Air Force B-47E, F-101B, F102A, and F-106A aircraft which had been disbursed to them during the 

emergency.409
51

28 November 1962. An Air Guard C-97 and crew from Oklahoma’s 125th Air 

Transport Group completed a 14-day, 21,000 mile flight around the world to 

dramatize the ANG’s emerging status as a truly global force. Along the way, it 

delivered 14 prize breeding cattle to Kabul, Afghanistan as part of the Air 

Guard’s first diplomatic mission.410

November 1962. The National Guardsman magazine reported that 

Maryland ANG transport pilots had begun familiarizing Argentinean air force 

flyers with the formers’ SA-16 amphibian aircraft.411

13 February 1963. The Air Force published AFR 45-60, “Programming, 

Equipping, and Maintaining the Capability of the Air Force Ready Reserve 

Forces,” which changed the official objective of its reserve components from 

providing M-Day forces which required extensive post-mobilization 

preparations for combat to ones that were immediately available for global 

operations when they were called to active duty.412

February 1963. The Air Reservist magazine reported that, under new 

regulations, Air Guard units would have to remove ANG and state names from 

the nose sections of their aircrafts’ fuselages and replace them with “U.S. Air 

Force.” That change was mandated because maintenance crews had spent too 

much time removing state markings and replacing them with Air Force 

markings during the Berlin call-up in 1961. The Air Guard identity of its 

planes would be retained by placing a new black and white oval insignia on 

their vertical stabilizers that featured the Minuteman statue with two 

aircraft silhouettes in the background plus the term “Air National Guard” 

printed on the oval’s outer ring. The new insignia had been designed by Lt. Col. 

Joseph D. Day, Chief of the ANG’s Maintenance-Engineering Branch in the 

NGB.413

17 June 1963. Maj. Robert A. Rushworth, an Air Force test pilot and former 

Maine Air Guardsman, became the second winged astronaut after his X-15 

attained an altitude of approximately 54 miles. Rushworth received his Air 

Force astronaut wings from Gen. Curtis LeMay, Air Force Chief of Staff, in a 

ceremony at the Pentagon on 25 July 1963.414

June 1963. A crew from Wyoming’s 187th Aeromedical Transportation 

Squadron, became the first Air Guardsmen to complete a six-week Lockheed C121G training program conducted by the U.S. Navy at Moffett Field, California 

and ferry one of those aircraft to their home station at Cheyenne.415

1 July 1963. Air Guard troop carrier units (originally air resupply units) in 

California, Maryland, West Virginia, and Rhode Island were redesignated air 

commando units. That change finally openly acknowledged their special 
52

operations role. They were the: 129th Air Commando Group (ACG), California; 

130th ACG, West Virginia; 135th ACG, Maryland; and the 143rd ACG, Rhode 

Island.416

5-10 August 1963. 128 ANG jet fighter, tactical reconnaissance and 

amphibious aircraft plus 18 ANG transports participated in the joint Army/ Air 

Force exercise, Swift Strike III.417

30 August 1963. To demonstrate improvements in readiness deficiencies 

revealed during the 1961 Berlin call-up, 12 RF-84Fs of Alabama’s 106th Tactical 

Reconnaissance Squadron flew 3,500 miles non-stop to Alaska during exercise 

“Minuteman Alpha.” During the deployment, ANG KC-97 tankers refueled 

the tactical warplanes and ANG C-97 transports provided airlift support.418

31 August 1963. Maj. Gen. Winston P. “Wimpy” Wilson, an Arkansas Air 

National Guardsman, became the first blue suit Chief of the National Guard 

Bureau on a regular (i.e., non-acting) basis.419

7-14 October 1963. Flying F-102s, a team from the Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 

146th Fighter Interceptor Squadron won top honors at the Air Force’s 1963 

William Tell worldwide air-to-air weapons meet.420

October 1963. Capt. Russell L. Schweickart, an F-86 pilot in the 

Massachusetts ANG’s 102nd Tactical Fighter Group and a civilian research 

scientist at MIT’s Experimental Astronomy Laboratory, was selected by the 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be an astronaut. He was the 

first astronaut to be selected directly from the Air Reserve Forces.421

22 November 1963. Refueled twice by Air Guard tankers, 12 ANG F-100s 

from the District of Columbia’s 113th Tactical Fighter Wing and 6 from 

Missouri’s 131st Tactical Fighter Group staged a joint deployment from 

Andrews AFB, Maryland to Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico. Their four-and-one-halfhour flight during exercise “Cane Cutter” was the ANG’s first ever non-stop, 

over-water deployment.422

29 November 1963. During exercise “Abbey Tower,” the Colorado Air 

Guard’s 140th Tactical Fighter Wing deployed a provisional task force of 12 of 

its own F-100Cs and 8 RF-84s from the Mississippi ANG’s Tactical 

Reconnaissance Group to Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, Puerto Rico. Their 

non-stop flight from was supported by ANG KC-97 tankers and C-97 

transports.423

February 1964. Secretary of the Air Force Eugene Zuckert approved “in 

principle” a proposal for an “eventual” merger of the Air National Guard and 
53

the Air Force Reserve. The proposal was sent to the Air Staff for study but 

never implemented.424

February 1964. Air Guard aircraft began moving the first of some 23,000 

Army National Guard and Air Guard troops between their home stations and 

distant annual field training sites in operation “Guardlift I” which continued 

through September 1964. Over 200 ANG transport aircraft participated in the 

operation.425

27 March 1964. After one of the most gigantic earthquakes in its history 

caused enormous damage in Alaska, members of the ANG’s 144th Air Transport 

Squadron helped rescue victims in Anchorage and provided food and shelter to 

them, reestablished vital communications across the state, and airlifted rescue 

workers and supplies to other stricken communities. The unit’s C-123Js flew 77 

sorties airlifting 201 passengers and 131,054 pounds of cargo within a week 

during its relief operations. They were aided by Air Guardsmen from four other 

states who flew 12 airlift missions carrying relief supplies to Alaska.426

March 1964. Illinois Air Guardsmen assigned to the 126th Air Refueling 

Group installed and began testing a prototype conversion of a Boeing KC97G Stratotanker which gave that aircraft the capability to refuel any 

fighter in the Air Force inventory. That initiative, which they had suggested, 

involved installing jet engines pods and an improved rendezvous radar 

equipment on a KC-97G from KB-50s which the Air Force had withdrawn 

from service. The prototype cost $40,000.00. Based on the experiment’s 

success, the Air Force approved a proposal to modify all 54 Stratotankers in 

the ANG inventory with jet engines and improved radar. The jet-augmented 

ANG aircraft were designated KC-97Ls.427

April 1964. New Jersey’s 141st Tactical Fighter Squadron became the first 

ANG unit to convert to the Republic F-105 Thunderchief.428

30 June 1964. The Air Defense Command’s alert program continued through 

Fiscal Year 1964 with 24 Air Guard fighter squadrons participating. All but one 

of those units provided around-the-clock coverage seven days a week each with 

two aircraft on five-minute alert and two more on one-hour status. The Puerto 

Rico Air Guard’s 198th Tactical Fighter Squadron performed 14-hour alert, 7 

days a week with 2 aircraft on 5-minute alert and 2 aircraft on 1-hour status.429

June 1964. The National Guard Bureau began periodically tasking the 

command post of the Tennessee Air Guard’s 118th Military Airlift Wing in 

Nashville to coordinate, schedule, and monitor ANG domestic airlift missions 

as well as overseas training flights and Military Airlift Command channel 

missions to Southeast Asia. That organization became known as the ANG Air 
54

Operations Center. It was the precursor of the Air National Guard Readiness 

Center at Andrews AFB, Maryland. 430

June 1964. To protect Great Falls, Montana against flooding, 375 Air 

Guardsmen from the 120th Fighter Group assisted in sandbagging, evacuating 

threatened areas, patrolling, providing fixed and mobile communications, fire 

protection, and ground transportation. The unit’s C-47 mission support aircraft 

flew 33 missions delivering emergency supplies and personnel.431

8 August 1964. During “Operation Ready Go,” 19 ANG F-100s and 12 ANG 

RF- 84s deployed non-stop from the U.S. to Europe for their annual two-week 

training period. The jets were supported by 28 ANG tankers and 30 ANG 

transports. The exercise had been planned by Air Guardsmen to demonstrate 

the ANG’s ability to rapidly deploy aircraft overseas non-stop to potential 

combat theaters. It marked significant improvements in ANG readiness since 

Operation Stair Step and initiated the practice of deploying selected Guard 

combat units overseas to perform their annual training requirements.432

August 1964. When Hurricane Cleo threatened Puerto Rico, the Tennessee 

Air Guard flew 1,500 Puerto Rico Army Guardsmen training in Indiana back to 

their home island and evacuated 1,500 Indiana Army Guardsmen from the 

storm’s path on that same island.433

23 December 1964. Starting this date, Air Guardsmen from California’s 

146th Air Transport Wing and its 129th Air Commando Group accumulated 

175 flying hours carrying 188 passengers and 238 tons of cargo during a 16-

day period to aid flood-ravaged communities in the Golden State.434

December 1964. The National Guardsman magazine reported that a 

handful of enlisted ANG technicians from Massachusetts’ 276th

Communications Squadron, operating out of a trailer at their Wellesley 

headquarters, were helping to operate a satellite tracking station for the Air 

Defense Command’s USAF Space Tracking Service. Other members of the 

unit were helping to staff the communications center at the Space Track 

Research and Development Center at nearby Hanscom AFB. The 267th’s 

technicians had been first assigned to the Hanscom facility on a fulltime 

basis in 1961 to learn to handle special message traffic there.435

January 1965. As part of Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara’s 

initiative to shrink the size of U.S. military reserve programs and improve their 

readiness, Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert proposed transferring 

all Air Force Reserve units to the ANG. The proposal failed to win political 

support on Capitol Hill and was prohibited by the Congress.436
55

January 1965. Assisted by several ANG airlift units, the West Virginia Air 

Guard’s 130th Air Commando Group deployed the first of three increments of 

personnel and equipment to Howard AFB, Panama Canal Zone to conduct its 

annual training. The deployments, which continued into March and were 

dubbed “Project Highland Fling,” marked the first known instance of an ANG 

unit sending all of its personnel outside the U.S. to conduct its annual 

training.437

February 1965. Beginning this month and extending to mid September, 

approximately 30,000 citizen soldiers and airmen were airlifted to their annual 

field training periods by ANG transports as part of “Operation Guardlift II.”438

April 1965. During the U.S. military intervention in the Dominican Republic 

which began that month, ANG volunteer aircrews and aircraft flew 43 airlift 

missions carrying 619 tons of cargo in the U.S. freeing some Air Force airlifters 

for direct support of the contingency operation.439

2-6 May 1965. The Oklahoma Air Guard’s 185th Air Transport Squadron 

deployed its C-97E “Talking Bird” flying command post to Puerto Rico to 

support the U.S. military intervention in the Dominican Republic.440

May 1965. The last F-84F Thunderstreak to serve with the active duty Air 

Force was flown from the 366th Tactical Fighter Wing at Holloman AFB, New 

Mexico to its new home with the Air Guard’s 170th Tactical Fighter Squadron 

at Springfield, Illinois.441

16 June 1965. As flood waters raged through metropolitan Denver and the 

eastern plains region of Colorado, approximately 225 Air Guardsmen joined 

ARNG soldiers and civil authorities in disaster assistance operations.442

July 1965. The New Jersey Air Guard’s 170th Air Transport Group was moved 

to McGuire AFB from Newark because of base closing decisions made by 

Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara.443

1 August 1965. At the request of the Military Airlift Command, ANG C-121s 

and volunteer crews began performing aeromedical evacuation and cargo 

flights in the U.S. plus Newfoundland, Puerto Rico, Panama, Cuba, and 

Bermuda freeing Air Force assets for operations in Southeast Asia.444

18 August 1965. The Air Force approved nine ANG tactical fighter groups and 

four ANG tactical reconnaissance groups recruiting to 100 percent manning in 

connection with the U.S. military buildup to deal with the situation in 

Vietnam. Only one of those nine ANG units had been manned above 90 

percent when the order went into effect. Those nine Air Guard units were also 
56

receiving stepped up training to meet Secretary of Defense Robert S. 

McNamara’s goal of having selected Air Reserve Components units ready to 

deploy on 24 hours notice by the end of 1965.445

18 October 1965. The 107th Tactical Fighter Group, New York ANG, 

participated in exercise Tropic Lightening I in Hawaii. This was the first 

deployment of an Air Guard fighter unit from the continental U.S. to the 

Pacific region to participate in an exercise.446

November 1965. Beginning this month and lasting into December, 76 ANG 

aircrews operating 19 C-121s and 59 C-97s made the 96-hour round trip to 

South Vietnam from the US to deliver over 400 tons of Christmas gifts, mail, 

and other treats to American servicemen during Operation Christmas Star.447

December 1965. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara announced that 

the Department of Defense planned to eliminate two Air Guard heavy transport 

groups and three ANG flying squadrons by 1 October 1966. Effective lobbying 

in the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill by Guardsmen and their supporters killed 

McNamara’s unit closure initiative.448

January 1966. Air Guard volunteers began flying regularly scheduled airlift 

missions overseas, the majority of them to Southeast Asia. They averaged 75 

flights a month in C-121s and C-97s.449

January 1966. The New Hampshire Air Guard’s 157th Air Transport Group 

moved from Grenier AFB to Pease AFB because of base closing decision made 

by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara.450

May 1966. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Capt. John M. 

Swigert, a former Connecticut ANG flier, had been selected by the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration for astronaut training. Swigert, a 

civilian test pilot for the Pratt & Whitney Division of the United Aircraft 

Corporation, had served as a Connecticut Air Guard pilot for approximately five

years.451

13-15 June 1966. Elements of the Montana Air Guard’s 120th Fighter Group 

deployed to a base in Alberta, Canada with their F-89J fighter-interceptors for 

training during “Operation Cold Lake” and were supported there by Royal 

Canadian Air Force personnel.452

30 June 1966. 22 ANG fighter squadrons participated in the Air Defense 

Command’s alert program during Fiscal Year 1966 providing around-the-clock 

coverage with 2 or 3 aircraft at each unit on 5 or 15 minute alert.453
57

1 July 1966. Tennessee Air National Guard flight nurses and medical 

technicians began providing complete teams to serve on Air Force aircraft 

performing aeromedical missions in the Pacific theater including Vietnam. 

They were based at Tachikawa AFB, Japan and had volunteered to help the 

Air Force overcome a shortage of qualified aeromedical personnel in that 

theater of operations. The Tennessee Air Guard personnel were sometimes 

augmented by flight nurses and medical technicians from the Mississippi ANG; 

however, the latter usually supported Air Force aeromedical evacuation 

missions in the US.454

10 September 1966. Operation Combat Leave ended. During the operation 

which began in July 1966, 174 ANG transports flew 25,238 passengers, 

including 12,926 troops on leave from Southeast Asia, while logging some 4,000 

flying hours. President Lyndon B. Johnson had ordered the Air Guard and 

other Military Airlift Command to undertake the mission during a strike by 

employees of five commercial airlines.455

September 1966. The governors and Adjutants General of New York, 

California, and Pennsylvania as well as the commanders of three ANG airlift 

units slated for deactivation – the 105th Military Airlift Group (MAG), New 

York, the 195th Military Airlift Squadron, California, and the 171st MAG, 

Pennsylvania – were notified that those organizations would be retained for 

another year. Congress had approved funding them for that period.456

17 October 1966. At the 88th General Conference of the National Guard 

Association of the United States, held in Phoenix, Arizona, Secretary of the Air 

Force Harold Brown lauded the operational contributions of the Air Guard in 

non-mobilized status to the Air Force’s ongoing missions. He stressed that “No 

longer do we regard the Guard as simply a standby force. For some time we 

have been conceiving of it as an actual ‘in-being’ supplement to the Regular 

forces, even while it holds its reserve status. Mission areas for the Guard, 

therefore, are designed not only a training function but also to make a positive 

day-to-day contributions to the Active Forces.”457

17 November 1966. The first of 433 personnel from 17 Air Guard Ground 

Electronics Engineering Agency (GEEIA) units arrived in France to aid the Air 

Force in Operation Fast Race. The mission of those GEEIA personnel was to 

quickly remove Air Force ground communications and electronics gear from 

France after President Charles DeGaulle decided to withdraw his nation from 

active military participation in NATO and close all U.S. bases on its soil. The 

operation was completed in February 1967 well ahead of the 31 March 1967 

deadline established by the French government.458

December 1966. The North Carolina Air Guard flew 50 Cuban refugees from 
58

Jamaica to the United States at the request of the State Department.459

2 February 1967. Dr. Harold Brown, the Secretary of the Air Force, told the 

United States Senate’s Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations that, during 

the previous year, the Air Guard had provided 26 percent of the nation’s air 

defense alert capability.460

1 April 1967. For the first time, ANG C-124s made trans-Pacific flights to 

Vietnam. The Globemasters included one assigned to the 145th Military Airlift 

Group, North Carolina and another from the 116th Military Airlift Group, 

Georgia.461

28 April 1967. Volunteer crews and KC-97Ls from the 136th Air Refueling 

Wing, Texas, began Operation Creek Party at Rhine Main AB, Germany. The 

operation, which lasted 10 years, was the ANG's first sustained overseas 

volunteer rotation. During Creek Party, the Air Guard pioneered the use of 

packages of volunteers and equipment overseas on short (15-30 days) tours of 

active duty overseas to support the active duty force. The operation provided a 

template for the much wider use of Air Reserve Components volunteers to 

assist the active force on short overseas rotations in subsequent decades.462

April 1967. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Kansas Air 

Guard’s 190th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, one of only two remaining ANG 

RB-57 units, was providing transition and specialized training for Air Force 

aircrews that would fly the plane in Vietnam.463

29 June 1967. A C-124 from Mississippi’s 172nd Military Airlift Group landed 

at DaNang Air Base, South Vietnam. It was the Air Guard’s 1,000th airlift 

mission to that war ravaged nation.464

10 July 1967. The first group of volunteer students, 93 Air Guardsmen from 

28 states, began classes at the Air National Guard NCO Academy at McGhee 

Tyson Airport near Knoxville, home of Tennessee ANG’s 134th Air Refueling 

Group. The class was considered a pilot project.465

July 1967. The Department of Defense (DOD) cancelled ANG airlift flights 

to Southeast Asia on the grounds that it would be more economical to rely on 

jets flown by commercial air freight carriers. But, Congress overturned the 

DOD decision and Air Guardsmen resumed conducting airlift missions to 

Southeast Asia in August 1967 at a reduced rate of about flights 25 per 

month.466

15-23 August 1967. Aircrews and C-123J Providers of the Alaska Air Guard’s 

144th Air Transport Squadron (Medium) logged 223 hours flying 138 evacuation 
59

and cargo sorties, transporting 2,371 flood victims from Fairbanks to 

Anchorage, and airlifting 300,000 pounds of supplies into Fairbanks during two 

solid weeks of drenching rains and melting glaciers.467

August 1967. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Maj. Gen. 

Winston P. Wilson, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, had testified before a 

House Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations that a proposal to 

form Air Guard and Air Force Reserve associate units for Air Force C-141 and 

C-5 organizations had “considerable merit.”468

August 1967. Aircrews from the Puerto Rico Air Guard’s 156th Tactical 

Fighter Group flew four mercy missions in the unit’s C-54 to aid Venezuelan 

earthquake victims with 50,000 pounds of cargo including clothing, food, and 

medicine.469

17 September 1967. The 193rd Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron, 

Pennsylvania ANG, was extended federal recognition. During the summer of 

1968, it received its first five modified EC-121S aircraft configured as flying 

radio and television stations to perform the “Combat Solo” mission. The unit 

had been “volunteered” for that mission by the NGB after the Air Force had 

turned to the Air Guard for help in developing an airborne psychological 

warfare and intelligence gathering capability.470

24 September 1967. Responding to an Air Force request for help, the New 

Jersey Air Guard’s 170th Airlift Group began training active duty Air Force 

flight engineers on the unit’s C-121s to replace their counterparts who had 

been sent to Southeast Asia to serve on EC-121Rs in that war zone.471

September 1967. The Texas Air Guard placed 145 men on active duty to help 

deal with the impact of Hurricane Beulah on their state. ANG C-47s and C-54s 

from the 147th and 149th Fighter Groups airlifted 324 doctors, nurses and 

civilian officials as well as 105,500 pounds of emergency supplies during the 

storm and its aftermath.472

October 1967. Senior officers at the National Guard Bureau decided to 

establish an Air National Guard NCO Academy on a permanent basis at 

McGee-Tyson ANG Base, Tennessee near Knoxville. Several existing buildings 

on the installation were repaired or altered to accommodate the Academy’s 

staff and students.473

October 1967. Elements of the Colorado Air Guard’s 140th Tactical Fighter 

Wing and 12 F-100s deployed to Incirlik, Turkey to participate in NATO’s 

exercise “Deep Furrow 67.” It was the first time an ANG unit’s aircraft 

involved in a NATO exercise were refueled by KC-135 tankers.474
60

November 1967. Former Air Guard Chaplain, Army Captain Charles J. 

Watters was killed in action near Dak To, Vietnam after rescuing seven 

wounded soldiers and administering last rites to several dying men during an 

attack on his unit. For his heroism, the former member of New Jersey’s 108th

Tactical Fighter Wing received the Medal of Honor posthumously. Watters had 

taken a reduction in rank and transferred to the active Army in 1965 so he 

could serve in the combat zone as a chaplain.475

21-29 December 1967. Aircrews and C-97s of the Arizona Air Guard’s 161st 

Military Airlift Group flew 56 sorties and dropped more than 400 tons of hay to 

isolated livestock after heavy snows blanketed the state. They also airlifted a 

load of skimobiles from Denver, Colorado to Phoenix, Arizona and flew 17,000 

pounds of food to Window Rock, Arizona from which it was flown by helicopters 

to the Navajo Reservation where thousands of Indians were stranded in remote 

area.476

25 January 1968. In response to the North Korean seizure of the U.S.S. 

Pueblo, President Lyndon B. Johnson mobilized 14,000 reserve components 

personnel including 9,343 Air Guardsmen. The Air Guard units that were 

called up included three tactical fighter squadrons and three tactical 

reconnaissance squadrons.477

25 January 1968. Maj. Gen. Errol H. Zistel, Ohio ANG (Ret.), died. He had 

begun his military career as fighter pilot in Britain’s Royal Flying Corps and 

then transferred to General Pershing’s American Air Service during World War 

I. In 1927, he was among the organizers of the Ohio National Guard’s first 

aviation unit, the 112th Observation Squadron. Zistel had retired in 1957 while 

serving as Chief of Staff of the Ohio Air National Guard.478

February 1968. The National Guardsman magazine reported that Air Guard 

officers were assigned to the “Policy & Plans, Surgeon General, Comptroller, 

Personnel Plans & Operations, and Programs & Resources” staffs of 

Headquarters, U.S. Air Force under the provisions of Section 8033, Title 10, 

US Code.479

February 1968. Responding to an urgent Defense Department request to 

move additional U.S. troops overseas in response to the Pueblo crisis and the 

communists’ surprise Tet offensive in South Vietnam, the Air Guard increased

its monthly transoceanic airlift missions to 115 round trips, 69 in the Pacific 

and 46 in the Atlantic.480

13 May 1968. The Department of Defense mobilized an additional 22,200 

Guardsmen and Reservists, including 1,333 Air Guardsmen, in response to the 
61

Pueblo crisis and the communists’ Tet Offensive in South Vietnam. The ANG 

units called into federal service included two tactical fighter squadrons and an 

aeromedical airlift squadron. 481

7 -14 April 1968. The Maryland Air Guard’s 175th Tactical Fighter Group and 

its 135th Air Resupply Group were called by the state’s governor to assist in 

dealing with disorders in Baltimore following the murder of civil rights leader 

the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in Memphis, Tennessee. The Air 

Guardsmen were primarily used to protect important installations in Baltimore 

and guard individuals who had been arrested during the disturbances.482

April 1968. To support civil authorities working to suppress urban riots across 

the U.S. after the murder in Memphis, Tennessee of civil rights leader the 

Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., ANG airlift units employed 162 planes 

to carry 9,340 passengers and almost 1,900,000 pounds of cargo while 

accumulating 1,756 flying hours.483

April 1968. Brig. Gen. Willard W. Millikan, the commander of the 113th 

Tactical Fighter Wing, District of Columbia ANG, was assigned as the 

commander of the 833rd Air Division, Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina. 

Millikan and his ANG unit had been mobilized during the Pueblo crisis.484

3 May 1968. The first stage of the deployment of 4 mobilized Air Guard 

tactical fighter squadrons to South Vietnam was completed on this date when 

20 F-100Cs from Colorado’s 120th Tactical Fighter Squadron (TFS) landed at 

Phan Rang Air Base. They were followed in short order by F-100s from Iowa’s 

174th TFS (Phu Cat Air Base), New Mexico’s 188th TFS (Tuy Hoa Air Base), and 

New York’s 136th TFS (Tuy Hoa Air Base).485

8 May 1968. Pilots from the 120th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Colorado ANG, 

began flying operational missions in South Vietnam.486

May 1968. The Air Force announced that four ANG airlift units scheduled for 

deactivation in July 1968 – the 105th Military airlift Group (MAG), New York; 

the 111th MAG, Pennsylvania; the 195th Military Airlift Squadron, California; 

and the 170th MAG, New Jersey – would continue in their current missions for 

at least another year.487

8 June 1968. The Colorado Air Guard’s 120th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 

deployed to Phan Rang Air Base, flew its first combat mission in Vietnam.488

24 June 1968. The Air National Guard Non Commissioned Officer Academy 

officially began operations as a permanent all-Guard organization at the 
62

McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base near Knoxville, Tennessee after a 

successful test of a pilot course there in 1967.489

June 1968. The Maryland Air Guard’s 104th Fighter Squadron, which had 

been mobilized during the Pueblo crisis, was transferred to Cannon AFB, New 

Mexico where it began training Air Force forward air controllers. That month, 

the Maryland Air Guardsmen also adopted a live tarantula as the unit’s 

mascot.490

June 1968. The 196th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, California ANG, and the 

Alaskan Air Command began planning for the possible deployment of the 

formers’ F-102 aircraft and support personnel to deploy to Alaska to conduct 

the unit’s annual training, something which had never been done before. That 

initial planning was done without the involvement of the Aerospace Defense 

Command.491

1 July 1968. Effective this date, the Air Guard was allowed to recruit women 

other than nurses into its ranks for the first time under the authority of Public 

Law 90-180 enacted by Congress in November 1967.492

6 July 1968. Pilots and 27 F-100Cs from the mobilized 127th Tactical Fighter 

Squadron (TFS), Kansas ANG, arrived at Kunsan Air Base, Korea as part of 

the U.S. military response to the Pueblo crisis. Along with Guardsmen and F100Cs from the 166th TFS, Ohio ANG, Guardsmen from other units, active duty 

Air Force personnel, and Air Force Reservists, they formed the Air Force’s 345th

Tactical Fighter Wing.493

24 July 1968. The mobilized 154th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (TRS), 

Arkansas ANG, and its RF-101G/Hs deployed to Itazuke Air Base, Japan to 

provide photo reconnaissance support for U.S. forces in Japan, Korea, and 

Okinawa.494

31 July 1968. The Aerospace Defense Command (ADC) recommended against 

the deployment of F-102s from the 196th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, 

California ANG, to Alaska for the units annual training as proposed by the unit 

and the Alaskan Air Command. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force rejected ADC’s 

recommendation.495

2 August 1968. F-102s from the California Air Guard’s 196th Fighter 

Interceptor Squadron began their “Cool Ride” deployment to Alaska for the 

unit’s annual training. Before the returned to their home station on August 

17th, they flew 158 sorties while compiling 273 flying hours in Alaska. All 

aircraft completed the deployment safely. It was the first time that ANG F-102s 

had deployed to Alaska for training.496
63

August 1968. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the first group 

of 25 combat-qualified volunteer ANG F-102 pilots had begun flying air defense 

missions overseas under an Air Force-sponsored program called Palace Alert.497

August 1968. The 102nd Tactical Fighter Group, Massachusetts, moved from 

Boston’s Logan International Airport to Otis AFB because of Secretary of 

Defense Robert S. McNamara’s base closing initiative.498

18 November 1968. The mobilized 154th Tactical Reconnaissance (TRS), 

Arkansas ANG, returned to the U.S. from Itazuke Air Base, Japan. It was 

replaced by the mobilized 192nd TRS, Nevada ANG. The latter unit and its RF101Hs continued to provide photo reconnaissance support for U.S. forces in 

Japan, Korea, and Okinawa.499

29 December 1968. Capt Joe O’Neil, an F-100 pilot with the Colorado Air 

Guard’s mobilized 120th Fighter Squadron, was shot down and recovered 

near Bihn Thuy, South Vietnam.500

1 January 1969. Under Public Law 90-486, National Guard Technicians 

attained federal civil service status. The Adjutants General were given 

responsibility for the administration and employment of personnel in the new 

system which replaced the existing state programs.501

3 February 1969. The mobilized 192nd Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron 

(TRS), Nevada ANG, returned to the U.S. from Itazuke Air Base, Japan. Its 

place was taken by the mobilized 165th TRS, Kentucky ANG and its RF101G/Hs which continued to provide photo reconnaissance support to US forces 

in Japan, Korea, and Okinawa.502

February 1969. Graduating from the Lackland Military Training Center at 

San Antonio, Texas, three women became the first Air National Guard women 

in history to complete Air Force basic training. They were Airmen Kathy 

Kovacs and Michele Kutten from Illinois and Vicki Markotay from Missouri.503

3-13 March 1969. Astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, a former Massachusetts 

Air Guard fighter pilot, orbited the earth in NASA’s Apollo 9 space vehicle504

28 March 1969. Maj Clyde Seiler, a pilot in the Colorado Air Guard’s 

mobilized 120th Fighter Squadron, was killed when his F-100 crashed after 

being it by enemy ground fire during a strafing mission in Vietnam.505

March 1969. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Illinois 

Air Guard’s 126th Tactical Hospital had recently deployed a 36-bed hospital 
64

with a 30-day stock of supplies from its home station at Chicago’s O’Hare 

International Airport to Kindley AFB, Bermuda aboard a C-97 Stratofreighter 

and a KC-97L Stratotanker from the 126th Air Refueling Wing. That unit 

airlifted 24 personnel and 25,000 pounds of equipment to Bermuda to handle 

its 13-tent hospital complex. The two-week exercise was the first known 

deployment of an ANG hospital unit outside the continental U.S. for training.506

24 April 1969. The 165th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Kentucky ANG, 

and its aircraft returned to the US from Itazuke Air Base, Japan ending the 

rotation of ANG tactical reconnaissance flying squadrons mobilized in 1968 to 

that installation.507

10 June 1969. Members of the mobilized 127th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 

Kansas ANG, returned from Korea to their home station.508

11 June 1969. By this date, all four Air Guard tactical fighter units mobilized 

in 1968 had returned from South Vietnam to the U.S. During their 

deployment, they flew 24,124 sorties and accumulated 38,614 combat flying 

hours. If the Air Force’s preponderantly Air National Guard (volunteers) 355th

Tactical Fighter Squadron was included, those totals rose to approximately 

30,000 sorties and 50,000 combat hours. ANG combat losses in South Vietnam 

were seven pilots and one intelligence officer killed in action plus 14 aircraft 

destroyed.509

18 June 1969. Mobilized members of the 127th Tactical Fighter Squadron 

(TFS), Kansas ANG, and the 166th TFS, Ohio ANG, were released from federal 

active duty and returned to state service following their deployment to Korea.510

June 1969. Under Operation Prime Hawk, seven combat ready Air Guard F100 pilots from Missouri’s 131st Tactical Fighter Group arrived in Vietnam to 

beef up Air Force fighter units there. During the operation’s 139 day duration, 

the ANG volunteers flew 159 combat missions and accumulated hundreds of 

combat flying hours. Some of them returned home after 90 days while others 

remained for 139 days.511

September 1969. After Hurricane Camille battered the Gulf Coast, hundreds 

of Air Guardsmen from 18 states as widely separated as California and New 

Hampshire provided assistance, primarily by airlifting food and critically 

needed supplies to stricken areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. During the 

relief operation, ANG transports flew 109 missions carrying 902.6 tons of cargo 

and 2,312 passengers including 200 sick and injured individuals.512

November 1969. Beginning with units in Maine, North Dakota, and 

Washington state, seven ANG fighter interceptor squadrons transitioned to 
65

two-seat versions of McDonnell’s F-101 Voodoo.513

December 1969. The National Guardsman magazine reported that over 100 

Air Guard volunteer F-102 pilots had flown air defense missions in Europe, 

Okinawa, the Philippines, and Alaska with active duty units under the 

auspices of Operation Palace Alert since the Air Force launched it in June 1968. 

Participating ANG pilots ranged in experience from seasoned lieutenant 

colonels to recent pilot school graduates. They normally served 90-day Palace 

Alert active duty tours overseas.514

December 1969. A Colorado ANG C-54 airlifted over two tons of food and 

clothing to aid needy Navajo families at that Baptist Shepherd Mission in 

Farmington, New Mexico.515

January 1970. The 147th Fighter Group, Texas ANG, opened a combat crew 

training school to train F-102 pilots from across the Guard because the Air 

Force was no longer doing so as it phased out the aircraft from active duty 

units.516

February 1970. Illinois’ 182nd Tactical Air Support Group became the first 

Air Guard unit to receive the Cessna 0-2A Super Skymaster when nine of the 

brand new propeller-driven aircraft were delivered to the unit from the factory. 

That aircraft equipped seven ANG units before it was phased out in 1985.517

23-26 March 1970. Following a declaration of national emergency by President 

Richard M. Nixon because of a wildcat strike by the Manhattan-Bronx Letter 

Carrier’s Union, over 14,000 New York Army and Air Guardsmen along with 

thousands of active duty and federal reserve forces personnel were called upon 

to assist postal supervisors in making sure that the mail was delivered in the 

metropolitan New York City area.518

11-17 April 1970. Two of the three astronauts on the aborted Apollo 13 moon 

landing mission were former Air Guard jet fighter pilots. Capt. Fred W. Haise, 

Jr. had served in Oklahoma’s 185th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1957-1959) and 

Ohio’s 164th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1959-1963). Capt. Russell L. Swigert 

had been a member of Massachusetts’ 131st Fighter Interceptor Squadron 

(1957-1960) and Connecticut’s 118th Fighter Interceptor Squadron (1960-1965). 

Both fliers had been accepted into the astronaut program in 1966.

519

16 April 1970. The post held by Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown, the Assistant Chief, 

National Guard Bureau, Air, was redesignated the Director, Air National 

Guard, effective this date by a change to AR 130-5/AFR 45-2. The change in the 

regulation also authorized the creation of the position of Deputy Director, Air 

National Guard, who would hold a one-star rank. Brig. Gen. John J. Pesch, a 
66

Maine Air Guardsman, was the first officer to serve in that new assignment.520

25 April 1970. Maryland's 104th Tactical Fighter Squadron became the first 

ANG unit to receive Cessna A-37Bs Dragonflies. On this date, it took delivery 

of its first brand new, factory fresh Dragonflies.521

April 1970. California's 115th Tactical Airlift Squadron, converting from C97A/Gs to C-130As, became the first Air Guard unit to be equipped with the 

Hercules.522

July 1970. Operation Palace Alert ended. During its approximately two-year 

run, some 110 Air Guard F-102 pilots performed air defense alert duties with 

Air Force fighter units in Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, the Philippines, Okinawa, 

Holland, Germany, and Alaska. The ANG volunteer flyers served on tours that 

lasted from 90 to 139 days.523

26 July 1970. Two EC-121S aircraft from the Pennsylvania ANG’s 193rd

Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron deployed from their home station to 

Korat, Thailand for Operation Commando Buzz. The aircraft served as flying 

radar stations and airborne control platforms for U.S. air operations over North 

Vietnam and the Gulf of Tonkin during the Vietnam War. A total of some 250 

Air Guard volunteers from the 193rd rotated to Thailand on 30 to 60-day tours 

until the operation ended on 24 December 1970.524

August 1970. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird adopted the Total Force 

concept. It had been developed and sold in the Pentagon by Dr. Theodore 

Marrs, a former Air Guardsman and Air Force Reservist who served as a senior 

civilian official on his staff. Marrs based most of his Total Force ideas on Air 

Force policies and practices with respect to its own reserve components.525

31 October 1970. A team from the North Dakota Air National Guard’s 119th

Fighter Group took top honors in the F-101 competition during the Air Force’s 

William Tell 1970 air-to-air fighter weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida.526

November 1970. The National Guard Bureau and the Air Force established 

Detachment 1 of the New Mexico ANG to fly F-100Cs on target support sorties 

for training soldiers at the Army Air Defense School at Fort Bliss, Texas. All of 

the new Air Guard organization’s members were fulltime support personnel.527

December 1970. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Air 

Guard’s first commissioned WAF, 2nd Lt. Connie Kreis, had graduated from the 

Air Force’s Officer Training School and had been assigned to the finance 

section of the Texas ANG’s 136th Air Refueling Wing.528
67

December 1970. Personnel and two EC-121 aircraft from the Pennsylvania 

Air Guard’s Tactical Electronic Warfare Group completed a six-month 

deployment to Southeast Asia.529

January 1971. Using training flights, aircrews and two ANG C-121s from 

New Jersey’s 170th Aeromedical Airlift Group transported 20,620 pounds of 

donated civilian clothing to Ellington AFB, North Dakota from their home 

station at McGuire AFB to aid suffering members of the Brule Sioux tribe on 

the Rosebud Reservation.530

February 1971. Alabama’s 106th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron became 

the first Air Guard unit to receive the McDonnell RF-4C Phantom II. 

Subsequently, eight more ANG units converted to that aircraft.531

4 April 1971. Under Operation Creek Guardlift, ANG airlift units from 

Arizona, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wyoming provided 

scheduled passenger service from the U.S. to Europe. During its 12 months of 

existence, the operation generated 1,210 sorties carrying 25,649 passengers and 

697,204 pounds of cargo.532

April 1971. The ANG established an Officers Preparatory Academy (later 

renamed the Academy of Military Science) at its Air National Guard 

Professional Military Education Center at McGhee Tyson Airport, Knoxville, 

Tennessee. The Academy served as a commissioning source for Air Guard 

officers.533

30 June 1971. The Air Guard took over Selfridge AFB, Michigan from the Air 

Force. The installation was renamed Selfridge Air National Guard Base.534

25 September 1971. The Air Guard activated its first Red Horse unit, the 

200th Civil Engineering Squadron (Heavy Repair), which was headquartered at 

Camp Perry in Port Clinton, Ohio. The unit also had a detached flight of equal 

personnel strength at Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, Pennsylvania.535

September 1971. The California Air Guard’s 146th Tactical Airlift Wing began 

testing the Modular Airborne Firefighting System that had been developed for 

use in C-130 Hercules transports by the Air Force Weapons Laboratory at 

Kirtland AFB, New Mexico and a private contractor.536

October 1971. Members of the California Air Guard’s 146th Tactical Airlift 

Wing (TAW) employed the new Modular Airborne Firefighting System 

(MAFFS), mounted in one of the unit’s C-130s, against the Romero fire in the 

Las Padres National Forest. It was the first time that the MAFFS had been 

used to combat a forest fire. After the U.S. Forest Service purchased MAFFS in 
68

1974, the 146th TAW, the Wyoming ANG’s 153rd Tactical Airlift Group (TAG), 

and North Carolina’s 145th TAG plus an Air Force Reserve unit were equipped 

with the system.537

October 1971. Personnel and 12 F-100s from the Missouri Air Guard’s 131st

Tactical Fighter Group deployed to Cigli Air Base, Turkey to participate in 

NATO’s “Deep Furrow 71” exercise. Airlift of non-pilot personnel was provided 

by seven ANG transports. This was the first known deployment of an Air 

Guard flying unit to the Middle East for training.538

January 1972. The first McDonnell F-4 entered Air Guard service beginning 

with Illinois’ 170th Tactical Fighter Squadron.539

March 1972. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the 

Minnesota Air Guard’s 133rd Training Flight had recently begun training 

members of the Spanish Air Force to become instructors in the operation and 

maintenance of KC-97 Stratotankers. Spain had purchased KC-97s from the 

U.S. to refuel its fighter aircraft. In addition to working with Spanish, the 

133rd also provided transition training on the KC-97 and C-130 to other ANG 

units. 540

3 April 1972. Convair’s F-106A/Bs first entered ANG service starting with 

Montana’s 186th Fighter Interceptor Squadron. It was the last fighter aircraft 

specifically developed by the Air Force for the air defense mission.541

21 April 1972. Sergeant Stanford A. Green enlisted in the Montana Air 

Guard’s 120th Fighter Group becoming the first person to use the Air Force’s 

new Palace Chase program to transfer from active duty to a reserve component 

to fulfill the remainder of their military obligation.542

23 June 1972. In the wake of Hurricane Agnes, crews and C-130As of the 

New York Air National Guard’s 139th Tactical Airlift Squadron flew 105 flood 

relief missions to communities in their home state. Crews and C-121s from the 

Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 171st Aeromedical Airlift Wing flew food to flood 

ravaged communities in that state. Other Pennsylvania ANG units provided 

medical assistance and set up a communications networks to assist in flood 

recovery efforts in the Keystone State. Altogether, ANG units airlifted nearly 

690,000 pounds of cargo to flood stricken communities in New York and 

Pennsylvania following Hurricane Agnes.543

2 July 1972. ANG crews and aircraft began supporting Air Force tanker task 

forces overseas with aircraft and volunteer aircrews on an as needed basis.544

July 1972. The National Guardsman magazine reported that the Kansas 
69

ANG’s 184th Tactical Training Group had recently graduated its first class of 

F-105 fighter pilots from across the Air Guard.545

18-30 September 1972. At the Air Force’s William Tell 1972 aerial weapons 

competition at Tyndall AFB, Florida, teams from ANG units took top honors in 

two of the three categories. Air Guardsmen from North Dakota’s 119th Fighter 

Interceptor Group garnered top honors in the F-101 category while those from 

Wisconsin’s 115th Fighter Interceptor Group took the laurels for the F-102 

competitors.546

September 1972. The last B-26 Invader in the Air Force inventory, an 

executive support aircraft assigned to Detachment 1 of the District of Columbia 

Air Guard, was turned over to the Smithsonian National Aeronautics and 

Space Museum in a brief ceremony at Andrews AFB, Maryland during the Air 

Force’s 25th anniversary open house at that installation.547

6 October 1972. Two ANG fighter units opened new “dispersal” alert sites 

under an Aerospace Defense Command program to strengthen the air defenses 

of the southern border of the U.S. F-102s and crews from Florida’s 125th

Fighter Group assumed 5 minute alert status at Naval Air Station New 

Orleans in Louisiana. California’s 144th Fighter Group assumed 5 minute 

alert status with two F-102s and pilots at Tucson, Arizona.548

23 December 1972. Following a disastrous earthquake, 7 ANG KC-97Ls from 

Illinois and Wisconsin hauled 70 tons of food, medical supplies, and radio parts 

to Managua, Nicaragua, In addition, two ANG C-124s from Georgia and 

Tennessee flew outsize cargo to that nation.549

29 June 1973. ANG F-102s and pilots assumed five minute alert status at 

Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona completing the Guard’s requirements, first 

implemented on 6 October 1972, to strengthen the air defenses of the southern 

border of the U.S.550

June 1973. New Jersey’s 150th Tactical Airlift Squadron became the first ANG 

unit to operate the C-7A/B Caribou. In 1977, those aircraft were transferred to 

the Maryland Air Guard’s 135th Tactical Airlift Squadron which operated them 

until the end of 1980.551

18 July 1973. Former Air National Guardsman, John L. McLucas was sworn 

in as the Secretary of the Air Force. Capt. McLucas had served in the 

Pennsylvania ANG’s 112th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron from May 

1949 to September 1951. He remained the Air Force’s top civilian official until 

23 November 1975.552
70

21 August 1973. The last C-47 “Gooney Bird” was retired from service as an 

ANG administrative support aircraft. It had been assigned to the Georgia Air 

Guard. Beginning in 1946, the C-47 had been flown as a support aircraft by 

most ANG flying units, state headquarters, and the National Guard Bureau. 

From July 1957 until April 1960, the Alaska Air Guard’s 144th Air Transport 

Squadron (Light) operated six C-47As as its mission aircraft.553

23 August 1973. Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger wrote to his key 

subordinates that the “Total Force is no longer a concept. It is now a Total 

Force Policy which integrates the active, Guard, and reserve forces into a 

homogenous whole.”554 He added that, in the future under that policy, the 

Guard and reserve forces would be used as the initial and primary sources for 

augmenting the active duty armed forces.555

August 1973. In response to a request from the National Guard Bureau, the 

U.S. Army’s Institute of Heraldry drew the Air Guard’s first official emblem, a 

blue shield-shaped surface with a Minuteman and two aircraft silhouettes in 

the background. The scroll at the bottom of the shield had the words “Air 

National Guard” written on it.556

19 October 1973. New Mexico’s 188th Tactical Fighter Squadron became the 

first of 16 Air Guard units to be equipped with the A-7D Corsair II. It received 

brand new A-7D aircraft direct from the factory.557

October 1973. A team from the Washington state Air Guard’s 141st Fighter 

Interceptor Group won top honors at the Aerospace Defense Command’s third 

annual weapons loading competition held at Tyndall AFB, Florida. The ANG F101 team clinched the Thomas K. McGhee trophy by scoring a perfect 1,000 

points on its last load - the first perfect score ever achieved in the event.558

October 1973. The National Guard Bureau established a Field Operating 

Activity Center (FOAC) for the Air National Guard at Edgewood, Maryland. It 

began transferring some of the functions of the ANG’s Air Operations Center, 

located at the 118th Military Airlift Wing of the Tennessee Air Guard in 

Nashville to Edgewood as well as some of the NGB Air Directorate’s 

responsibilities to the new organization. The FOAC was responsible for NGB 

functions relating to the management of aviation construction, readiness, 

maintenance, and training of ANG units.559

1 January 1974. The Air Guard assumed the responsibility for operating 

the flying field at Otis AFB, Massachusetts.560

13 February 1974. The Air Guard assumed a new mission, conducting 

electronic probes and evaluations of the nation’s air defense system, when the 
71

Kansas ANG’s 190th Bombardment Tactical Group received its first Martinbuilt EB-57B Canberra aircraft. On 6 April 1974, the unit was redesignated 

the 190th Defense Systems Evaluation Group (DSEG) and became an Air 

Defense Command gained organization.

561

3-5 April 1974. After a tornado devastated the city of Xenia, approximately 

800 Air Guardsmen from Ohio’s 178th Tactical Fighter Group, based in nearby 

Springfield, were called up to help deal with the catastrophe. They protected 

property from looters, conducted search and rescue operations, and assisted 

with initial community cleanup efforts. 562

20 April 1974. Maj. Gen. John L. Pesch, a Maine Air Guardsmen, assumed 

the post of Director, Air National Guard. He replaced Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown of 

Arkansas, the longest serving head of the ANG in the NGB. General Brown had 

exercised that responsibility since 6 August 1962. 563

9 June 1974. The Vermont Air Guard’s 158th Fighter Interceptor Group was 

redesignated the 158th Defense Systems Evaluation Group (DSEG) and 

converted from F/TF-102As to EB-57B/Es. Like the Kansas Air Guard’s 190th

DSEG, its new mission was to conduct electronic tests and evaluations of the 

US air defense system.564

1 August 1974. The mission of training RF-101 pilots assigned to Air Guard 

units was transferred from the 189th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, Arkansas 

ANG, to the 147th Fighter Group, Texas ANG.565

19 September 1974. The last two Douglass C-124 Globemaster IIs in the 

total Air Force were phased out by the 165th Military Airlift Group, Georgia Air 

Guard inventory. That change marked the temporary end of the ANG’s 

participation in the strategic airlift mission.566

1 November 1974. Teams from Air Guard units completed a clean sweep of 

top honors in all three categories of the Aerospace Defense Command’s William 

Tell 1974 fighter weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida. Maine’s 101st Fighter 

Group won the F-101 competition while Idaho’s 124th Fighter Interceptor 

Group scored tops in the F-102 category and Montana’s 120th Fighter 

Interceptor Group took the laurels for F-106 squads. The Top Gun was Major 

Ralph D. Townsend of Idaho’s 124th Fighter Interceptor Group.567

December 1974. The North Dakota Air Guard’s 119th Fighter Interceptor 

Group became the first ANG unit to be presented the Hughes Trophy. The 

award was given annually by the Hughes Aircraft Corporation to recognize the 

best qualified Air Force fighter interceptor unit in the Aerospace Defense 

Command having a primary mission of air defense.568
72

January 1975. Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger formally recommended 

that the Air Force not merge the ANG and the Air Force Reserve. The 

Department of Defense Appropriation Act of 1974 (PL 93-155) had directed 

DOD to study the possibility of combining them. Schlesinger had concluded 

that “The small savings realized by combining administrative headquarters 

could be offset by losses in combat readiness caused by a total reorganization of 

the Air Reserve Components.”569

18 April 1975. Ohio’s 145th Air Refueling Squadron became the first Air 

Guard unit to acquire a jet tanker, the KC-135A. That development was 

triggered by a 1974 Defense Department decision to save money by transferring 

128 older KC-135s to the Air Reserve Components.570

1 May 1975. CMSgt. Theodore H. Jackson, a New Jersey Air Guardsman, 

reported to the National Guard Bureau’s Air Directorate as the first Senior 

Enlisted Advisor to the Director of the Air National Guard.571

14 June 1975. After Congress rejected a 1974 Department of Defense proposal 

to deactivate it and several other Air Guard outfits, New York’s 102nd Fighter 

Interceptor Squadron was redesignated the 102nd Aerospace Rescue and 

Recovery Squadron effective this date. To accomplish its new combat rescue 

mission, the unit converted from F/TF-102As to Lockheed HC-130H’Ps and 

Sikorsky HH-3Es. It was the first Air Guard rescue unit.

572

15-25 July 1975. Astronaut Deke Slayton, a former Minnesota Air 

Guardsman, served as the Apollo docking module pilot of the Apollo-Soyuz Test 

Project mission, a flight that culminated in the first meeting of American 

astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts in space. Astronaut and former California 

Air Guardsman Vance DeVoe Brand served as the Apollo command module 

pilot on that mission.573

July 1975. Pentagon officials announced that, within the next three months, 

New York’s 109th Tactical Airlift Group would convert from the C-130A to the 

ski-equipped C-130D and provide airlift support to Distant Early Warning 

(DEW) line radar sites on Greenland’s ice cap. The unit would operate the only 

ski-equipped aircraft in the Air Guard.574

January 1976. 150 members and 16 F-100s from Ohio’s 180th Tactical 

Fighter Group became the first Air Guard participants in the Air Force’s new 

Red Flag exercise at Nellis AFB, Nevada.575

7 February 1976. Air Guardsmen from New York’s 102nd Aerospace Rescue 

and Recovery Squadron flew their unit’s first rescue mission.576
73

4 March 1976. Former Iowa Air Guardsman, Colonel George E. Day, USAF, 

was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Gerald R. Ford for his personal 

bravery after his F-100 Super Sabre was shot down on 26 April 1976 during a 

”Misty FAC” mission over North Vietnam. After he was captured by North 

Vietnamese troops, the badly wounded flyer escaped and traveled back to South 

Vietnam where he was shot and `captured by Viet Cong soldiers. Day then 

endured a brutal 67-month imprisonment before being released on 14 March 

1973.577

12 March 1976. A KC-135A from Ohio's 145th Air Refueling Squadron 

became the first ANG tanker to participate in a Strategic Air Command (SAC) 

over water air refueling. The Guard aircraft helped SAC KC-135s refuel A-7s 

deploying from California to Hawaii.578

6 April 1976. Flying ski-equipped C-130s, the New York Air Guard's 109th 

Tactical Airlift Group assumed the mission of supplying radar sites in 

Greenland from the Air Force.579

1 July 1976. Ohio’s KC-135A equipped 145th Air Refueling Squadron became 

the first Air National Guard unit to participate in the Strategic Air 

Command’s nuclear alert force.580

July 1976. Members of the Colorado Air Guard assisted state and local 

authorities in dealing with aftermath of the Big Thompson flood.581

10-30 August 1976. The 182nd Tactical Air Support Group, Illinois Air Guard, 

dispatched a complete tactical air support squadron and a direct air support 

center with all functional elements to the JCS Exercise Brave Shield XIV.582

October 1976. Hawaii’s 199th Fighter Interceptor Squadron retired the last F102A Delta Dagger in Air Guard service.583

21 November 1976. During the William Tell Weapons Meet 1976 at Tyndall 

AFB, Florida, a team from the Montana Air Guard’s 120th Fighter Interceptor 

Group won top honors in the F-106 category while one from the Oregon Air 

Guard’s 142nd Fighter Interceptor Group garnered the laurels in the F-101 

category. Major Bradford A Newell, a pilot with Oregon’s 142nd Fighter 

Interceptor Group, was the competition’s Top Gun.584

1 February 1977. Maj. Gen. John T. Guice, an Arizona Air Guardsman, 

became the Director of the Air National Guard. General Guice was the only 

graduate of the United States Military Academy to hold that assignment.585
74

1 February 1977. To separate operational activities from NGB staff functions, 

the Air National Guard Support Center was activated at Andrews AFB, 

Maryland as a named activity under the control of the Director, ANG.586

28 April 1977. Operation Creek Party, the ANG volunteer KC-97L tanker 

rotation in Germany, was terminated after ten years. During the operation, Air 

Guardsmen flew 6,512 sorties, completed 47,207 aerial refueling hookups, and 

off-loaded 137,398,620 pounds of fuel. The operation demonstrated that the Air 

Guard could sustain a significant mission overseas for a long period without 

resorting to a politically-sensitive mobilization and established a template for 

the widespread use of volunteer rotations by the Air Reserve Components in 

the future.587

21 May 1977. At the annual dinner of the Order of Daedalians in Denver, 

Colorado, the Air Force presented the Air National Guard with the 1976 Major 

General Benjamin D. Foulois Memorial Award for having the most effective 

aircraft accident prevention program of all of its major commands. During 

1976, the ANG experienced an all-time low (to that point) for it major aircraft 

accident rate of 3.2 per 100,000 flight hours. It was the first time that an Air 

Reserve Component had won the safety award.588

July 1977. ANG units began participating in the Strategic Air Command’s 

permanent tanker task force at RAF Mildenhall in the United Kingdom. Each 

tasked unit furnished a KC-135 and an aircrew at that location for two 

weeks.589

July 1977. After a flash flood killed over 70 people in seven western 

Pennsylvania counties, members of the Air Guard’s 271st Combat 

Communications Squadron and its 112th Tactical Control Squadron provided 

around-the-clock communications between flood-ravaged Johnstown and the 

Adjutant General’s office. ANG assistance was needed because the flood had 

destroyed the local phone firm’s main switching facility in the flooded region.590

August 1977. A team from the California Air Guard’s 144th Fighter 

Interceptor Wing took top honors in the F-106 category during the 1977 North 

American Defense Command Weapons Loading Competition at Tyndall AFB, 

Florida. The winning team was presented the General Thomas K. McGehee 

Trophy for its victory.591

October 1977. Operation Volant Oak (later Coronet Oak) was launched at 

Howard Air Base, Panama. ANG and Air Force Reserve C-130 units provided 

aircraft and volunteer crews on 15-day rotations. Their mission was to provide 

theater airlift support to the United States Southern Command.592
75

October 1977. The Colorado Air Guard’s 140th Tactical Fighter Wing was 

the first ANG unit to participate in operational testing of the ground laser 

locator designator.593

16 December 1977. Col. James E. Cuddihee, commander of the New 

Hampshire Air Guard’s 157th Air Refueling Group, became the senior active 

military aviator in the U.S. Air Force when he logged his 20,000th flying hour 

while piloting one of his unit’s KC-135s. Col. Cuddihee had enlisted in the 

Army Air Forces in 1942 and received his wings in January 1942. He had joined 

the New Hampshire ANG in 1948.594

3 January 1978. A C-130 and crew from California's 146th Tactical Airlift 

Wing flew the ANG's first Volant Oak mission. The flight was from Howard AB, 

Panama Canal Zone to Bogota, Columbia.595

27 January 1978. 2nd Lt. Marilyn Koon, a former North Dakota ANG member, 

became the Air Guard’s first female pilot. She accepted an assignment as a KC135 pilot in the 161st Air Refueling Group, Arizona ANG upon earning her 

wings.596

1 April 1978. Maj. Gen. John T. Guice, Director of the Air National Guard, 

reported that 97 percent of its units were combat ready as of this date. That 

was the ANG’s highest ever reported level of combat readiness up to that point 

in its history.597

26 June 1978. The Secretary of the Air Force, John C. Stetson, approved a 

recommendation to establish a “Fighter Weapons Office” at the Arizona ANG’s 

facility at Tucson. Its mission was to participate in the development of fighter 

tactics and weapons delivery procedures for aircraft unique to the Air Reserve 

Components. 598

30 June 1978. The ANG Professional Military Education Center at Knoxville, 

Tennessee was renamed the I. G. Brown Professional Military Education 

Center in honor of the former Director of the Air National Guard (August 1962-

April 1974) who had been instrumental in founding that organization.599

30 June 1978. The 177th Fighter Interceptor Group, New Jersey Air Guard, 

began pulling a detached air defense alert mission at Naval Air Station New 

Orleans in addition to their normal home station alert. The detached alert 

mission ended on 1 September 1978.600

June 1978. The 181st Air Refueling Squadron, Texas ANG, phased out the 

last Boeing KC-97L in the Guard’s inventory. The KC-97 had been operated by 

10 Air Guard units since it first entered service with them in 1961.

601
76

June 1978. Frances Myra Holt Arnold, a traditional Guardmember assigned to 

the Texas ANG's state headquarters, became the first woman in Air Guard 

history to be promoted to the rank of chief master sergeant.602

30 September 1978. Under Operation Coronet Cove, elements of the Iowa Air 

Guard’s 132nd Tactical Fighter Wing began rotating personnel and A-7 aircraft 

to the Panama Canal Zone on short voluntary active duty tours. Their mission 

was to provide fighter protection to the canal zone and train with US Army 

forces. ANG A-7 units picked up the rotation from Tactical Air Command units 

that had been performing it since 1971. It was the first overseas volunteer 

rotation by ANG fighter units and lasted until 31 January 1990.603

7 October 1978. A team from the Texas Air Guard’s Fighter Interceptor 

Group took top honors in the F-101 category at the Air Defense Command’s 

William Tell 1978 worldwide air-to-air weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, 

Florida.604

November 1978. ANG C-130s and volunteer crews from Missouri’s 139th

Tactical Airlift Group and Oklahoma’s 137th Tactical Airlift Group which had 

been deployed to Panama on a Volant Oak rotation, participated in recovery 

operations following the tragedy of mass suicides at Jonestown, Guyana. They 

flew 111 hours while airlifting 208 passengers and 77,500 pounds of cargo. 

Altogether, 51 ANG aircrew members and crew chiefs flew into Guyana.605

February 1979. Over 500 Air Guardsmen from the Montana Air Guard’s 

120th Fighter Group were activated to assist state authorities and Army 

Guardsmen in manning a prison, an alcoholic treatment center, and a school for 

the mentally handicapped when state employees went on strike.606

1-17 March 1979. Air Guardsmen from Alabama’s 226th Combat 

Communications Group and Hawaii’s 201st Combat Communications Group 

deployed to the Republic of Korea to participate in Team Spirit 79. It was the 

first field training exercise involving the Combined Forces Command, the newly 

integrated command structure for U.S. and Republic of Korea forces in the 

latter nation.607

30 March 1979. Pennsylvania Air Guardsmen assigned to the 193rd Tactical 

Electronic Warfare Group at Harrisburg International Airport began providing 

local transportation to members of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 

and White House teams that descended on the area to deal with the nuclear 

reactor incident at the nearby Three Mile Island power plant. Members of the 

ANG unit’s maintenance squadron logged 310 hours parking, unloading, and 

servicing transient aircraft during the incident. Personnel assigned to the 
77

193rd’s field maintenance shop built special shipping containers, racks, and 

detector shields for use by NRC personnel.608

30 April 1979. On this date, the 103rd Fighter Wing, Connecticut ANG, became 

the first Air Guard unit to receive the A-10 (Tail No. 78-756).609

14 May 1979. The last Air Guard C-121 type aircraft, an EC-121 “Coronet 

Solo” variant operated by Pennsylvania’s 193rd Tactical Electronic Warfare 

Squadron, was retired from service and flown to the Military Aircraft Storage 

and Disposition Center at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona.610

1 June 1979. Effective this date, the Air National Guard Support Center at 

Andrews AFB, Maryland was inactivated as a named activity. Concurrently, 

Headquarters, Air National Guard Support Center was constituted as a direct 

reporting unit and assigned to the U.S. Air Force. That action also designated 

the ANG Director as an Air Staff member having a dual appointment as the 

Commander of the Air National Guard Support Center and the Director of the 

Air National Guard. The center continued to develop, manage, and execute 

ANG programs developed by the National Guard Bureau and higher 

authorities.611

23 June 1979. The 137th Tactical Airlift Wing received four new C-130Hs at 

Will Rogers Airport in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. That was the first time that 

an Air National Guard airlift unit had been equipped with a factory fresh 

transport aircraft.612

June 1979. With the arrival of two T-43 aircraft at Buckley ANG Base, the 

Colorado Air Guard announced that it would be assuming the mission of 

supporting the U.S. Air Force Academy’s Airmanship Program.613

1 July 1979. Operating Location AA of the Colorado ANG at Buckley Air 

National Guard Base, equipped with two T-43As, officially assumed United 

States Air Force Academy Airmanship program responsibilities.614

19 July 1979. A C-130 and aircrew from the Tennessee Air Guard’s 164th

Tactical Airlift Group, deployed to Panama for Operation Volant Oak, rescued 

Lawrence A. Pezzullo, U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua, and his party of 34 from 

Managua’s airport just hours before the country fell to the Marxist Sandinista 

rebels. It was the last plane to depart before the airport was closed.615

July 1979. The National Guard magazine reported that Air Guard PRIME 

BEEF Civil Engineer units had completed a six month deployment to Howard 

AFB in the Panama Canal Zone to assist their Air Force counterparts in 

completing construction and other projects on that installation. The units 
78

rotating to Panama were the: 188th Civil Engineering Flight (CEF), Arkansas; 

131st CEF, Missouri; 143rd CEF, Rhode Island; 174th CEF and 106th CEF, New 

York; 114th CEF, South Dakota; and the 156th CEF, Puerto Rico.616

August 1979. The Maine Air Guard’s 101st Air Refueling Wing (ARW) hosted 

a tanker task force (TTF) to support the movement of RF-4Cs from 

Minnesota’s 148th Tactical Reconnaissance Group to West Germany during 

Operation Coronet Bridle. KC-135 tankers from the 101st as well as Ohio’s 

160th Air Refueling Group, Pennsylvania’s 171st ARW, and Strategic Air 

Command units participated in the operation. It was the first time that an 

ANG unit had hosted a TTF.617

28 September 1979. The Maryland Air Guard’s 175th Tactical Fighter Group 

received its first A-10A, a brand new aircraft (Tail Number 78-0636) fresh from 

the factory.618

September 1979. Elements of the Colorado Air Guard’s 140th Tactical 

Fighter Wing deployed to Merifon Air Base, Turkey for 30 days with their A-7 

Corsair II fighters to participate in NATO exercise “Display Determination.” 

It was the first ANG unit deploy under “bare base” conditions. During the 

exercise, only water and a runway were provided to the ANG unit.619

November 1979. The last ANG F-100 was retired to the Military Aircraft 

Storage and Disposition Center in Arizona by Indiana’s 113th Tactical Fighter 

Squadron. Super Sabres had equipped 21 squadrons since their Air Guard 

debut in April 1958.620

27 December 1979. Responding to a call for help from a commercial sailing 

vessel, the John F. Leavitt, two Sikorsky HH-3 Jolly Green Giant helicopters 

and paramedics from the New York Air Guard’s 102nd Air Rescue and Recovery 

Squadron saved nine crewmen whose vessel was sinking in storm tossed 

Atlantic Ocean about 260 miles southeast of the unit’s base at the Suffolk 

County Airport on Long Island. The HH-3s were refueled enroute shortly 

before sighting the sinking ship. All aircraft plus crewmen from the Leavitt 

and the Air Guardsmen returned safely to the Suffolk County Airport after the 

eight hour mission.621

1 January 1980. The fighter interceptor squadrons (FISs) defending the 

continental U.S. consisted of 10 ANG FISs pulling home station alert and 2 

others with detached alert site responsibilities. On the active duty side, seven 

Air Force FISs pulled home station alert and six of those same units had 

detached alert site responsibilities.622

3 May 1980. The 155th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, Nebraska ANG 
79

deployed eight RF-4Cs to Eskisehir Air Base, Turkey for two weeks to 

participate in Dawn Patrol, a NATO exercise.623

7 May 1980. The first unit of the Virgin Islands ANG, the 285th Combat 

Communications Flight, was activated on this date.624

June 1980. For the first time in the history of the U.S. military reserve 

components, training was conducted with Japanese air units from the latter’s 

home soil and in their skies. That distinction belonged to personnel plus F-4C 

and C-130 aircraft of the Hawaii Air National Guard’s 154th Composite Group 

that deployed to Misawa Air Base to participate for a “Cope North” exercise.625

June 1980. National Guard magazine reported that the Tactical Air 

Command had recently given the Texas Air Guard’s 149th Fighter Group the 

primary responsibility for developing tactics and training programs for use by 

other ANG units to conduct the Tactical Air Support for Maritime Operations 

(TASMO) mission.626

16 October 1980. The California Air Guard’s 144th Fighter Interceptor Wing, 

equipped with F-106s, emerged as the overall team winner of the William Tell 

1980 fighter interceptor weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida. An F-101 

aircrew from the Texas ANG’s 147th Fighter Interceptor Group won the “Top 

Gun” award.627

15 November 1980. Personnel from the New Mexico ANG’s 150th Tactical 

Fighter Group and eight of their A-7s arrived at Egypt’s Cairo West Airport for 

“Bright Star,” an exercise sponsored by the Rapid Deployment Joint Task 

Force. It marked the beginning of Air Guard training deployments to the 

Middle East outside of Turkey to prepare for possible U.S. military intervention 

in that critical region.628

26-29 November 1980. Employing the Modular Airborne Fire Fighting 

System, C-130s from the California Air Guard’s 115th Tactical Airlift Squadron 

(TAS) and the Wyoming Air Guard’s 187th TAS flew 169 sorties and dropped 

497,000 gallons of fire retardant on a rash of fires in southern California during 

Operation Volant Forrest.629

November 1980. National Guard magazine reported that the Mississippi Air 

Guard’s 172nd Tactical Airlift Group had recently received eight brand new C130 Hercules transports to replace the C-130Es which it had operated since 

1973.630

February 1981. The 169th Tactical Fighter Group, South Carolina ANG, 

began converting to F-16As, the first air reserve components unit to do so.631
80

1 April 1981. Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway, a Kentucky Air Guardsman, 

became the Director of the Air National Guard.632

April 1981. Personnel and six A-10As from the Maryland Air Guard’s 175th 

Tactical Fighter Group deployed to Hahn Air Base, Germany to participate in 

Checkered Flag for the first time. The latter was a program developed by the 

Tactical Air Command to minimize the time it would take individual fighter 

units to deploy to preplanned specific collocated operating bases in Europe to 

prepare for a possible war against the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. 

Under Checkered Flag, the 175th deployed to its Hahn three times during the 

1980s.633

June 1981. KC-135s, aircrews and maintenance personnel from the Arizona 

Air Guard’s 161st Air Refueling Group conducted their annual training at Guam 

and Diego Garcia. They offloaded 495,800 pounds of fuel while flying 64 hours. 

It was the first time that a SAC-gained ANG tanker unit had deployed to a 

Pacific Ocean or an Indian Ocean tanker task force location.634

21 July 1981. The Headquarters, Guam Air National Guard was activated on 

this date.635

August 1981. National Guard magazine reported that, under the auspices of 

Project Season, a limited number of active duty Air Force undergraduate pilot 

training graduates would be assigned to selected Air Guard units for three-year 

tours. This initiative was a total force solution to the problem of an 

increasingly inadequate number of cockpits in active duty operational units to 

develop its fledgling aviators into experienced fliers. Flying C-130As with the 

Tennessee Air Guard’s 105th Tactical Airlift Squadron, 2nd Lt. Ronnie C. Perry 

was the first Air Force pilot to participate in the project. He was a native of the 

“Volunteer State.”636

3-10 September 1981. After a break of 19 years, the Tactical Air Command 

reinstated its worldwide air-to-ground gunnery competition, “Gunsmoke`,” at 

Nellis AFB, Nevada. The Colorado Air National Guard’s 140th Tactical Fighter 

wing, equipped with A-7s, won the “Top Overall Team” honors and one of its 

pilots, Lt. Col. Wayne L. Schultz, garnered “Top Gun” honors.637

September 1981. F-4Cs and personnel from the Texas Air Guard’s 149th

Tactical Fighter Group deployed to Keflavik, Iceland to participate in 

CORONET CRUISE, an exercise sponsored by NATO’s Atlantic Command. It 

tested the ability of two U.S. Navy carrier task forces to attack through the 

waterway that runs past Greenland and Iceland toward Great Britain. The 

carrier task forces were opposed by the Texans and submarines. The 149th had 
81

been developing and testing aerial tactics to use against surface warships for 

two years for the Tactical Air Command.638

November 1981. National Guard magazine reported that the Air Guard had 

established a new type of PRIME BEEF civil engineering unit, the Command 

Staff Augmentation team, commonly known as the CF-4 team. Each of the 

three initial ANG CF-4 teams was deployable worldwide on a 28-hour alert 

basis to augment major active duty command staffs during wartime 

operations.639

November 1981. National Guard magazine reported eight pilots and their 

A-10s from the New York Air Guard’s 174th Tactical Fighter Wing had become 

the first Air Reserve Components’ contingent to deploy overseas in the 

Thunderbolt II. During their 17 days in Germany, the Air Guardsmen flew 237 

sorties accumulating 449 hours of flight time in a CORONET SAIL exercise.640

November 1981. Elements of the West Virginia ANG’s 130th Tactical Airlift 

Group and their C-130Es deployed to the Middle East to participate in exercise 

“Bright Star” conducted by the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force in Egypt, 

Somalia, Sudan, and Oman. They returned to home station in December 1981 

after “Bright Star” ended.641

1 January 1982. The Vermont Air Guard’s 158th Defense Systems Evaluation 

Group was redesignated the 158th Tactical Fighter Group and converted to 

McDonnell F-4Ds. It had retired the last EB-57s in the ANG’s inventory during 

the winter of 1981.642

February 1982. National Guard magazine reported that a team from the 

Montana Air Guard’s 120th Fighter Interceptor Group had recently been 

awarded the Lt. Gen. Thomas K. McGehee trophy for winning the 1981 

NORAD/Tactical Air Command Weapons Loading Competition at Tyndall AFB, 

Florida.643

17-20 March 1982. To protect Fort Wayne, Indiana against the rapidly rising 

flood waters of the three rivers that converged within its boundaries, Governor 

Robert Orr mobilized the Air Guard’s 122nd Tactical Fighter Wing and elements 

of Army Guard units to assist local authorities. Air Guardsmen focused on 

providing supervisors to the efforts to build up the existing system of dikes 

that protected the city. They also established a vital communications network 

that linked the workers on the dikes with the unit’s home station at Fort 

Wayne Municipal Airport and the city’s downtown command post. Their efforts 

were successful and the dikes held.644

July 1982. After being modernized with more powerful, quieter JT3D engines 
82

and other engineering improvements in the new KC-135E configuration at 

Boeing’s Wichita, Kansas plant, the “City of Mesa” tanker (Tail Number 57-

1496) was returned to the Arizona Air Guard’s 161st Aerial Refueling Group. 

The aircraft was the first ANG KC-135 to be modified into the new 

configuration.645

July 1982. Colorado Air Guardsmen assisted state and local authorities in 

coping with the aftermath of the Estes Park flood which was caused by a 

break in the Lawn Lake dam.646

12-30 October 1982. Lt. Col. Robert Boehringer of the California Air Guard’s 

144th Fighter Interceptor Wing won the “Top Gun” award in the F-106 category 

at the William Tell 1982 Air Force air-to-air weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, 

Florida. Air Guard weapons loading teams from Montana’s 120th Fighter 

Interceptor Group (FIG) and Michigan’s 191st FIG took home top honors in the 

F-106 and F-4 categories respectively. The 144th had the top F-106 maintenance 

team while the 191st scored that honor in the F-4 category. 647

11 November 1982. Astronaut and former California ANG fighter pilot 

Vance DeVoe Brand served as commander of the Space Shuttle Columbia

(STS-5) launched this date on the first fully operational flight of the Shuttle 

Transportation System. His mission returned safely to earth on 16 November 

1982.648

24 November 1982. In response to Hurricane Iwa, which did hundreds of 

millions of dollars worth of damage to Hawaii, members of the Air Guard’s 

202nd Air Traffic Control Flight on Kauai maintained the only official 

communications channel that remained open between that island and the rest 

of the world during the worst of the storm. After the storm ended, the Hawaii 

Air Guard’s C-7 cargo plane flew the first of 38 missions carry equipment and 

supplies to the island of Kauai. Air Guardsmen also provided generators from 

Oahu, Maui, and the big island of Hawaii to Kauai to pump water and help 

maintain emergency services.649

16 December 1982. Col. Russell C. Davis, Commander of the 113th Tactical 

Fighter Wing, District of Columbia ANG, was promoted to brigadier general 

becoming the first African-American to hold that rank in the Air Guard’s 

history.650

December 1982. Maj. Byron K. Lichtenberg, an Air Guard A-10 pilot 

assigned to the 104th Tactical Fighter Group at Westfield, Massachusetts, was 

selected by NASA to be the payload specialist on the first Spacelab shuttle 

mission. Dr. Lichtenberg was a biomedical engineer and an MIT research 

scientist.651 
83

December 1982. Over 100 Colorado Air Guardsmen were mobilized to 

assist civil authorities in dealing with the emergency situations caused by a 

blizzard.652

18-21 March 1983. The Hawaii Air National Guard’s 154th Composite Group 

deployed personnel from its fighter squadron as well as its aircraft control and 

warning squadron plus six F-4Cs to South Korea for the Team Spirit exercise. 

The 201st Combat Communications Group, Hawaii ANG, and the 251st Combat 

Communications Group, Ohio ANG, also sent personnel and equipment to 

South Korea for the exercise.653

March 1983. The 189th Tactical Training Flight and the Reconnaissance 

Weapons School were organized by the Idaho ANG at Boise’s Gowen Field to 

train ANG RF-4C replacement crews and to teach advanced tactics to ANG RF4C crews.654

1 April 1983. The Headquarters, Virgin Islands Air National Guard, was 

activated on this date.655

25 May 1983. Georgia’s 116th Tactical Fighter Wing at Dobbins AFB 

retired the last F-105 in ANG service.656

13 June 1983. A groundbreaking ceremony was held at Andrews AFB, 

Maryland to mark the start of construction on a new building to house the Air 

National Guard Support Center. Representative Marjorie Holt (R-Maryland) 

and Dr. Edward Philbin, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve 

Affairs, shared the honor of scooping out the first shovel of dirt from the 

construction site. Holt had been instrumental in shepherding the project 

through the Congress.657

2-15 October 1983. During the Air Force’s Gunsmoke 1983 air-to-ground 

gunnery competition at Nellis AFB, Nevada, Maj. Charlie Betts of the 

Colorado Air Guard’s 140th Tactical Fighter Wing was the “Top Gun” in the A-7 

category while the team of Lt. Col. Ed Cole and Maj. Kan H.C. Varnavore of 

the 188th Tactical Fighter Group, Arkansas ANG, claimed that honor in the F-4 

category. An Air Guard team from the Ohio’s 121st Tactical Fighter Wing took 

the top maintenance award.658

October 1983. Seventeen volunteers from the Pennsylvania ANG’s 193rd

Special Operations Squadron flew an EC-130 Combat Solo aircraft to 

participate in Operation Urgent Fury, the U.S. invasion of Grenada. In 

addition, two ANG KC-135s of the Arkansas Air Guard’s 189th Air Refueling 

Group refueled an E-3A AWACS and an F-15 fighter enroute to Grenada for 
84

that military action.659

28 November 1983. Astronaut Byron K. Lictenberg, a Massachusetts Air 

Guard A-10 pilot, was a member of the Spacelab -1 crew which was launched 

into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-9) on this date. The 

mission lasted 10days. Lichtenberg was the first NASA payload specialist to be 

launched on a space mission.660

17 December 1983. Flying a 25-year old F-106B Delta Dart, Maj. Maurice 

Eldredge and 1st Lt. Jeffrey Thomas of the New Jersey Air Guard’s 177th

Fighter Interceptor Group set a new world speed record of 710 mph over a 461 

nautical mile course between Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio and Kitty Hawk, 

North Carolina. Their flight - - which lasted 44 minutes, 45 seconds at an 

altitude of 35,000 feet - - was undertaken to help commemorate the 80th

anniversary of the Wright brothers’ first successful powered flight.661

1 February 1984. The 195th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Arizona 

ANG, was granted federal recognition at Tucson International Airport. Its 

mission was to train Air Guard pilots to fly A-7Ds.662

1 February 1984. The 177th Fighter Squadron, Kansas ANG, was activated 

at McConnell AFB as an F-4D pilot replacement training unit.663

1 February 1984. The 114th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Oregon 

ANG, was extended federal recognition at Kingsley Field, Klamath Falls. Its 

mission was to serve as an F-4C replacement training unit for weapons 

systems officers and pilots assigned to Air Guard fighter interceptor 

squadrons.664

3 February 1984. Astronaut and former California Air Guard fighter pilot 

Vance DeVoe Brand commanded the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-41B) that 

was launched on this date. The mission landed safely on 11 February 1984. It 

was Brand’s third space flight.665

4 February 1984. The Air Guard’s Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center 

(AATTC) officially began operations at Rosecrans ANG Base, home of the 

Missouri ANG’s 139th Tactical Airlift Group. The AATC’s mission was to 

provide academic and flying training tactics instruction to airlift aircrews of 

the ANG, AFRES, Air Force, other U.S. military services, and allies.666

6 April 1984. Astronaut Terry J. Hart, a Texas Air Guard F-4C pilot, served 

as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-41C) which was 

launched on this date. The Challenger landed safely on 13 April 1984.667
85

May 1984. National Guard magazine reported that the 190th Air Refueling 

Group of Kansas had become the first Air Guard unit ever to win the U.S. Air 

Force’s Saunders Trophy for the best overall performance by an air refueling 

unit during the Strategic Air Command’s annual navigation/bombing 

competition.668

May 1984. Air Guard and Air Force Reserve C-130 units deployed to Zaragosa 

Air Base, Spain to participate in exercise Distant Hammer’84. It was the first 

time the two forces had worked together with an “interfly” agreement that 

enabled their personnel to operate each others’ aircraft.669

30 November 1984. Lt. Col. Ned M. Cole, Jr. of the 152nd Tactical Control 

Group, New York ANG, traveled a record setting distance of approximately 

10,400 miles from Peking, China to Syracuse, New York to participate in a unit 

training assembly.670

January 1985. Colorado Air Guard T-43 aircraft were used to send medical 

and other supplies to famine victims in North Africa.671

May 1985. Nine ANG KC-135s provided air refueling support to 36 Air Guard 

A-7s which deployed to the United Kingdom for Exercise Coronet Buffalo. The 

ANG tankers were augmented by Air Force KC-135s and KC-10s.672

May 1985. National Guard magazine reported that a C-130 and aircrew from 

the Tennessee Air Guard’s 164th Tactical Airlift Group had recently 

transported over 4,000 blankets for the Defense Department’s efforts to help 

provide relief for a famine in Ethiopia and the Sudan. They were joined by 

ANG aircrews and C-130s from Colorado, Maryland, California, Oklahoma, and 

West Virginia. The Air Guardsmen delivered relief supplies to collection points 

in the U.S. from which they were flown to Africa by Air Force jet transports.673 

19 June 1985. The first McDonnell Douglass F-15 Eagle was formally 

accepted by the Air Guard in ceremonies at Alvin Callendar Field, Belle 

Chasse, Louisiana, home of the 159th Tactical Fighter Group. During its 

conversion, the Louisiana ANG unit exchanged its F-4Cs for both F-15As and 

F-15Bs.674

2 July 1985. The 137th Military Airlift Group, New York ANG, received its 

first C-5A marking the return of the Air Guard to the strategic airlift mission. 

The unit converted from the smallest plane in the Air Force inventory, the 

Cessna O-2A, to the largest, Lockheed’s Galaxy.675

26 July 1985. The Air National Guard Support Center received formal 

recognition with the dedication of its new headquarters building at Andrews 
86

AFB, Maryland. Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway, the Director of the Air National 

Guard, hosted the ceremony.

676

6-15 August 1985. The 108th Air Refueling Squadron (ARS), Illinois and the 

126th ARS, Wisconsin provided 53 Air Guard personnel and 4 KC-135E 

tankers to Exercise Bright Star 85. They operated from a base at Cairo, 

Egypt.677

27 August 1985. Astronaut John M. Lounge, an F-4C pilot in the Texas Air 

Guard, served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-51I) 

which went into orbit this date. The mission returned to earth on 3 September 

1985. 678

15 October 1985. The 148th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Arizona 

ANG, was organized in Tucson as an F-16A/B replacement training unit. It was 

assigned to the Arizona Air Guard’s 162nd Tactical Fighter Group.679

24 December 1985. The Arizona Air Guard’s new 148th Tactical Fighter 

Training Squadron received its first two F-16s. The squadron’s mission was to 

train Guard and Reserve pilots to fly F-16s.680

1 April 1986. Under Operation Creek Klaxon, the ANG established an air 

defense alert detachment at Ramstein Air Base, Germany while the Air Force’s 

86th Tactical Fighter Wing converted from F-4Es to F-16s. A rotational force of 

8 F-4D aircraft and 96 personnel from ANG F-4 interceptor and general 

purpose fighter units performed the air defense alert commitment. Altogether, 

the all-Air Guard operation included personnel and equipment from 22 F-4, 7 

air refueling, and 3 airlift units. The volunteer ANG rotation ended on 1 April 

1987.

681

April 1986. During a scheduled rotation to Great Britain, a KC-135 and crew 

from Washington state's 141st Air Refueling Group supported Operation 

Eldorado Canyon, the bombing of suspected terrorist facilities in Libya.682

April 1986. F-4Ds and 240 personnel from the District of Columbia Air 

Guard’s 113th Tactical Fighter Wing deployed to Keflavik Naval Air Station, 

Iceland for two-weeks of training with their active duty Air Force counterparts 

who were stationed at that base.683

1-7 June 1986. At Pope AFB, the C-130B equipped 145th Tactical Airlift 

Group, North Carolina, became the first Air National Guard unit to win the 

Military Airlift Command’s tactical airdrop competition, “Volant Rodeo 86.”684

June 1986. Personnel and A-10s from the Maryland Air Guard’s 175th Tactical 
87

Airlift Group deployed to George AFB, California to participate in exercise Air 

Warrior for the first time. They provided close air support for friendly or ‘Blue 

Forces’ at the Army’s National Training Center (NTC) at Ft. Irwin, California. 

The NTC had been developed by the Army after the Vietnam War to provide 

highly realistic combat training like the Air Force’s Red Flag exercises at Nellis 

AFB, Nevada.685

12 July 1986. Gen. Duane H. Cassidy, commander of the Military Airlift 

Command, piloted the Air Guard’s first C-141B Starlifter to Allen C. Thompson 

Field, Mississippi where he turned the aircraft over to Governor Bill Allain for 

use by the 183rd Military Airlift Squadron. The latter organization was the first 

ANG unit to convert to the StarLifter.686

1 October 1986. A new tanker unit, the 168th Air Refueling Squadron, was 

extended federal recognition in the Alaska ANG at Eielson AFB. It was 

equipped with 4 KC-135Es.687

12-15 October 1986. During the Air Force’s William Tell 1986 air-to-air 

weapons meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida, a team from the North Dakota Air 

Guard’s 119th Fighter Interceptor Group (FIG) won the F-4 category while an 

aircrew consisting of Capt. Larry Kemp and Maj. George Tutt of the Oregon 

ANG’s 142nd FIG earned the “Top Gun” title in that same category. Oregon’s 

142nd FIG also carried off the top maintenance team award in its category while 

North Dakota’s 119th FIG had the best weapons load team in its category.688

November 1986. Maj. Patrick M. O’Rorke and Capt. Jay. T. Stevenson of 

the Idaho Air National Guard’s 190th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron won

the top aircrew designation at the U.S. Air Force’s first Reconnaissance Air 

Meet.

689

5 April 1987. Detachment 1 of the Florida Air Guard’s 125th Fighter 

Interceptor Group, located at Homestead AFB, Florida, scrambled its new F-16 

Fighting Falcons for the first time in the air defense alert mission that the unit 

had assumed on April 1st.

690

10 April 1987. John F. Lehman, Jr., Secretary of the Navy, resigned effective 

this date. Lehman had begun his military career as a member of the 

Pennsylvania Air Guard’s 111th Tactical Air Support Group clinic’s from 1965 to 

1968, serving as a medical administrator trainee. He had assumed the Navy’s 

top post on 5 February 1981.691

1 July 1987. The 161st Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Kansas ANG, 

received federal recognition. It was an F-16A/B replacement training unit 

assigned to the 184th Tactical Fighter Group.692
88

18 September 1987. Following a rollout ceremony at the Beech Aircraft 

Corporation’s headquarters in Wichita, the ANG took delivery of the first of six 

brand new Beechcraft C-12J Huron mission support aircraft. The new aircraft 

replaced Convair C-131s. The first C-12J was assigned to the Kansas Air 

Guard’s 184th Tactical Fighter Group.693

22 September 1987. The ANG Fighter Weapons Office at Tucson, Arizona 

was renamed the ANG/AFRES Test Center. It worked with U.S. Air Force 

organizations to establish tactics and weapons requirements for the ANG and 

the Air Force Reserve as well as test and evaluate some equipment for possible 

use on weapons systems operated by the Air Reserve Components. 694

4-17 October 1987. Capt. Dean McDavid of the Colorado Air Guard’s 140th

Tactical Fighter Wing earned “Top Gun” honors in the A-7 category during the 

Air Force’s worldwide Gunsmoke 1987 air-to-ground gunnery competition at 

Nellis AFB, Nevada.695

12 January 1988. The commander of First Air Force recommended the 

elimination of air sovereignty alert at most sites along the U.S. border with 

Canada. The sites he proposed eliminating – all operated by ANG units -- were 

located at: Burlington International Airport (IAP), Vermont; Niagara Falls, 

New York; Selfridge ANG Base, Michigan; Duluth IAP, Minnesota; Hector

Field, North Dakota; and Great Falls IAP, New York.696

January 1988. New York's 109th Tactical Airlift Group sent aircrews and 

ski-equipped C-130s to New Zealand to participate in Operation Deep Freeze. 

They backed up the Navy and prepared to assume the latter's mission of 

supporting the National Science Foundation in Antarctica.697

August 1988. New Jersey’s 119th Fighter Interceptor Squadron retired the 

last F-106s operated by an Air Guard unit and began converting to F-16A/Bs. 

Since its Guard debut in 1972, Delta Darts had equipped six ANG 

squadrons.698

12 September 1988. After Hurricane Gilbert devastated Jamaica on this 

date, C-5As from the New York Air Guard’s 105th Military Airlift Group 

transported almost 300,000 pounds of food, medical and building supplies, and 

clothing to the island on three separate missions. The Maryland Air Guard’s 

135th Tactical Airlift Group flew approximately 20,000 pounds of nonperishable 

food to Jamaica on a training mission in one of its C-130Bs.699

15 September 1988. First Air Force reported that CINCNORD had formal 

agreements with 12 states to order ANG air defense units to active duty. The 
89

states were: California, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, 

Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, and Vermont. 

That authority had been delegated to CINCNORAD by the Secretary of the Air 

Force.700

29 September 1988. Astronaut and former Texas Air Guard fighter pilot 

John M. Lounge was launched into orbit as a crew member aboard the Space 

Shuttle Discovery (STS-26). The shuttle landed on 3 October 1988. It was 

Lounge’s second space flight.701

1 November 1988. Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey, a South Dakota Air 

Guardsman, became the Director of the Air National Guard. He was a Vietnam 

combat veteran and had served as the Adjutant General of his state.

702

1 November 1988. After completing its conversion from F-106A/Bs to F16A/Bs, the 119th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, New Jersey ANG, resumed 

its air defense alert duties.703

11 December 1988. Starting on this date, Air Guardsmen flying C-141Bs 

from Mississippi’s 172nd Military Airlift Group (MAG) and C-5As from New 

York’s 105th MAG participated in an airlift of clothing, food, and supplies to 

Armenia after a powerful earthquake devastated that region of the Soviet 

Union.704

January 1989. In preparation for taking over the mission from the U.S. 

Navy, aircrews and two ski-equipped C-130s from the New York Air Guard’s 

109th Tactical Airlift Group flew their unit’s first missions to McMurdo Station 

in the Antarctic to support the National Science Foundation in Operation Deep 

Freeze.705

January 1989. National Guard magazine reported that NASA had selected 

the New York Air Guard’s 106th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Group as the 

lead rescue agency for the space shuttle program.706

February 1989. The 113th Tactical Fighter Wing, District of Columbia ANG, 

deployed 10 F-4s and 120 personnel to Puerto Rico to play the aggressor role in 

an 8-day exercise against U.S. Navy forces known as FLEETEX ’89.707

1 March 1989. The 114th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Oregon ANG, 

received its first F-16 upgraded to an air defense configuration. The unit had 

converted from F-4Cs to F-16A/Bs during the fall of 1988.708

April 1989. The United States Supreme Court refused to overturn a lower 

court ruling that upheld the constitutionality of the “Montgomery Amendment” 
90

to the National Defense Authorization Act of 1987. That amendment prohibited 

state governors from refusing to allow their Guardsmen to train overseas. 

Several governors had gone to federal court to prevent their Guardsmen from 

training in Central America because they opposed controversial U.S. foreign 

policies in that region. Under the amendment, governors who blocked overseas 

training by their Guardsmen risked losing federal funding and equipment for 

their Army and Air Guard organizations.709

April 1989. National Guard magazine reported that the 121st Tactical Fighter 

Wing (TFW), Ohio ANG, 150th Tactical Fighter Group, New Mexico, ANG, and 

the 185th TFW, Iowa ANG, had participated in two-week annual training 

phases at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany for Creek Corsair, an exercise to 

test an Air Force concept that A-7s could perform deep strike interdiction 

missions in central Europe in the event of a war with the Warsaw Pact.710

11 July 1989. At a meeting of the Air National Guard Long Range Planning 

Steering Committee, Brig. Gen. Donald E. Barnhart, Arizona ANG, discussed 

his recent meetings with Maj. Gen. Phil Killey, ANG Director, and others 

concerning a concept to involve the Guard in Air Force space missions.711

28 July 1989. As directed by Governor Cecil Andrus, Idaho Air Guard RF-4Cs 

from the 190th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron at Boise began flying 

missions to provide aerial photo coverage of forest fires plaguing the state.712

July 1989. National Guard magazine reported that 12 F-4s and 196 Air 

Guardsmen from the District of Columbia’s 113th Tactical Fighter Wing had 

deployed to Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland to augment the air defense 

alert mission of the Air Force’s 57th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at that 

installation. While deployed there, the Air Guardsmen also flew against the 

host unit’s F-15s in an air superiority role to help their active duty counterparts 

prepare for an upcoming William Tell competition.713

August 1989. National Guard magazine reported that Air Guard personnel 

and A-10s from Maryland’s 175th Tactical Fighter Group (TFG), Wisconsin’s 

128th Tactical Fighter Wing, and Connecticut’s 103rd TFG had been deploying 

to Panama on two-week volunteer rotations for Operation Coronet Cove. 

Because runway repairs at Howard AFB had made it impossible for ANG A7Ds that normally were responsible for defending the Panama Canal to operate 

from that installation, the A-10s, which needed shorter runways, were 

temporarily pressed into service. The Air Guard A-10 commitment in Panama

lasted for three months.

714

21 September 1989. Beginning on this date, Air Guard airlift units across the 

country, primarily flying C-130s but also C-141s and C-5As, airlifted medical 
91

teams and supplies, food, clothing, water and equipment to Caribbean islands 

that had been devastated by Hurricane Hugo. The estimated daily Air Guard 

sortie count was five with the bulk of those relief missions which were 

completed by 11 October 1989.715

1-15 October 1989. The South Carolina Air Guard’s 169th Tactical Fighter 

Group, equipped with F-16s ,won top overall team honors at the Air Force’s 

worldwide Gunsmoke 1989 air-to-ground gunnery competition at Nellis AFB, 

Nevada.716

17 October 1989. After a massive earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter 

scale rocked the San Francisco Bay area, 16,599 California National 

Guardsmen, including 487 members of the Air Guard, were activated for relief 

operations which continued through 12 February 1990. Within an hour after 

the quake struck, members of the 129th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Group, 

based at Naval Air Station Moffett Field near San Jose, flew damage 

assessment missions over stricken areas in an HC-130 and an HH-3 helicopter. 

The 143rd Evacuation Hospital was set up at Travis AFB. Members of the 162nd

Combat Communications Group rigged floodlights along the collapsed section of 

Interstate 80 in Oakland so rescuers could work around the clock. The 234th

Combat Communications Squadron activated the unit’s mobile control tower so 

that its hometown Watsonville Airport could operate around the clock.717

20 December 1989. President George H. W. Bush launched Operation Just 

Cause to remove Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega from power and replace 

him with a democratically elected government. Air Guard A-7 fighters and C130 transports already deployed to Panama on continuing rotations 

participated in the operation which ended on 3 January 1990. They were joined 

by ANG C-5s and C-141s which flew 35 airlift missions from the US plus EC130 aircraft from the 193rd Special Operations Group that flew 18 unspecified 

missions.718

31 January 1990. Operation Coronet Cove, the ANG A-7 fighter unit 

volunteer rotation to defend the Panama Canal that had begun on 30 

September 1978, ended. The official reason given for terminating the mission 

was the drawdown of U.S. forces in the Panama Canal. Each unit had deployed 

for a month while most personnel rotated to Panama for 15 days. The last unit 

to deploy was the Iowa Air Guard’s 114th Tactical Fighter Group.719

January 1990. The "1990 ANG Long Range Plan" called on the Air National 

Guard to seek a role in Air Force space missions.720

March 1990. The Idaho Air Guard enlarged its RF-4C reconnaissance training 

program at Boise under a project called “USAF Top Off” to include not only 
92

ANG aircrews but active duty Air Force ones as well.721

2 May 1990. When two pilots from the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNAF) 

soloed for the first time in F-16s from the home station of the Arizona Air 

Guard’s 162nd Tactical Fighter Group at Tucson International Airport, it 

marked a key milestone in a joint agreement between those two organizations 

for Guardsmen to train Dutch fighter pilots. The training program had begun 

at Tucson in March 1990. The 162nd was the only ANG unit training pilots from 

another nation’s air force.722

2 August 1990. Kuwait was seized by Iraqi forces in a blitzkrieg-style 

attack.723

3 August 1990. The Air Force notified the National Guard Bureau’s Air 

Directorate to be prepared for a 24-hour response by Air Guard units to 

initiate missions in response to Iraq’s seizure of Kuwait.724

6 August 1990. The Air Force asked the ANG to provide C-5, C-141, and KC135 aircraft plus an airlift control element unit augmentation of the active 

force for a possible American military intervention in the Persian Gulf region in 

response to the Iraqi seizure of Kuwait.

725

6 August 1990. At the request of the Strategic Air Command, ANG KC-135 

units began forming tanker task forces at Bangor, Maine, Pease, New 

Hampshire, Phoenix, Arizona, and Forbes, Kansas to support a possible US 

military intervention in the Persian Gulf in response to the Iraqi seizure of 

Kuwait.726

6 August 1990. At the Strategic Air Command’s request, ANG volunteers and 

their KC-135s began deploying to Moron Air Base, Spain to support a possible 

move of US forces to the Persian Gulf after Iraqi forces seized Kuwait.727

7 August 1990. President George H. W. Bush ordered the deployment of 

American military forces to Saudi Arabia to protect it from a possible invasion 

by Iraq. That deployment became known as Operation Desert Shield.728

9 August 1990. Lt. Col. Harold Cross, 172nd Military Airlift Group, Mississippi 

ANG, landed his C-141 in Saudi Arabia. His was the first ANG aircraft and 

volunteer crew to reach the Persian Gulf region after Iraq seized Kuwait.729

11 August 1990. Under the leadership of Col. Charles M. Baier, six ANG KC135s and volunteers from the 190th Air Refueling Group, Kansas ANG, landed 

in Saudi Arabia and began operations.730
93

14-24 August 1990. A team from the Nevada Air Guard’s 152nd Tactical 

Reconnaissance Group, flying RF-4Cs, took top honors at the Reconnaissance 

Air Meet (RAM) 1990 sponsored by the Tactical Air Command at Bergstrom 

AFB, Texas. The top individual aircrew award was won by the 124th Tactical 

Reconnaissance Group of the Idaho ANG. In addition to the Air Guard, RAM 

1990 included teams from the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, Australia, Great 

Britain, and the Federal Republic of Germany.731

23 August 1990. ANG volunteer participation in the U.S. military response to 

Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait peaked with over 4,000 Air Guardsmen on federal 

active duty. Altogether, more than 8,000 ANG members served as volunteers 

during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.732

24 August 1990. Volunteers and 6 RF-4C aircraft from the 117th Tactical 

Reconnaissance Wing, Alabama ANG, deployed to the Persian Gulf region in 

Operation Desert Shield.733

24 August 1990. The 183rd Military Airlift Squadron (MAS) at Jackson, 

Mississippi and the 137th MAS at Stewart ANG Base, New York became the 

first Air Guard units mobilized during the Persian Gulf crisis.734

28 August 1990. Congressman “Sonny” Montgomery (D-Mississippi) wrote 

Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney urging him to mobilize reserve 

components’ combat units for the Persian Gulf crisis, including F-15s and F-16s 

from the Air Guard and Air Force Reserve, in addition to the support units that 

were already being called up.735

28 August 1990. The 193rd Special Operations Group, Pennsylvania ANG, 

deployed two of its EC-130 Volant Solo aircraft and volunteer crews to the 

Persian Gulf region. They were equipped to receive and broadcast electronic 

signals.736

August 1990. At Howard Air Base, Panama, ANG F-16 and F-15 fighter units 

launched Operation Coronet Nighthawk, to help track the flow of illicit drugs 

from Latin America to the U.S. Participating units deployed to Panama with 

volunteers on short tours of active duty.737

7-8 September 1990. The 130th Tactical Airlift Squadron (Provisional) 

composed of ANG volunteers from 5 units and 16 C-130s was bedded down in 

the United Arab Emirates as part of Operation Desert Shield.738

5 October 1990. The 181st Tactical Airlift Squadron (TAS), Texas ANG, and 

the 130th TAS, West Virginia, were mobilized for duty in the Persian Gulf 

region.739
94

4 November 1990. The Pentagon announced that Guard and Reserve combat 

units would be called up for possible deployment to the Persian Gulf region.740

2 December 1990. Astronaut and former California Air Guard fighter pilot 

Vance DeVoe Brand commanded the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-35) which 

was launched on this date. It was his fourth space flight. Former Texas Air 

Guard fighter pilot, astronaut John M. Lounge, served as flight engineer on the 

mission. It was Lounge’s third space flight. The Challenger returned safely to 

earth on 10 December 1990. 741

5 December 1990. Volunteers from the 152nd Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 

Nevada ANG, replaced the volunteer contingent from the 117th Tactical 

Reconnaissance Wing, Alabama ANG, in the Persian Gulf region as part of 

Operation Desert Shield.742

10 December 1990. The 240th Combat Communications Squadron, South 

Carolina ANG, was mobilized and subsequently deployed to Al Kharj Air Base, 

Saudi Arabia where it supported the Air Force’s 4th Tactical Fighter Wing 

(Provisional) during Operation Desert Storm.743

13 December 1990. Several ANG air refueling units were mobilized for 

service in the Middle East. They were the: 126th Air Refueling Squadron 

(ARS), Wisconsin; 116th ARS, Washington; and the 117th ARS, Kansas.744

17 December 1990. Theodore C. Marrs, a physician and former federal 

government official who had worked for presidents Nixon and Ford, died. A 

former Alabama Air Guardsman and a retired brigadier general in the Air 

Force Reserve, Marrs had developed and sold the Total Force concept in the 

Pentagon while he served Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird. Marrs based his 

Total Force proposals largely on his service in the Air National Guard and Air 

Force Reserve.745

20 December 1990. The following ANG air refueling units were mobilized for 

duty in the Middle East during the Persian Gulf crisis: 132nd Air Refueling 

Squadron (ARS), Maine; 108th ARS, Illinois; 151st ARS, Tennessee; 133rd ARS, 

New Hampshire; 145th ARS, Ohio; 150th ARS, New Jersey; and 147th ARS, 

Pennsylvania.746

26 December 1990. The 191st Air Refueling Squadron, Utah ANG, and the 

142nd Tactical Airlift Squadron, Delaware, were mobilized for service in the 

Middle East during the Persian Gulf crisis.747

28 December 1990. The 180th Tactical Airlift Squadron, Missouri ANG, was 
95

mobilized for service in the Persian Gulf region.748

29 December 1990. The 169th Tactical Fighter Group, South Carolina ANG, 

deployed pilots and 24 F-16As to Saudi Arabia for a possible war with Iraq.749

2 January 1991. The 174th Tactical Fighter Wing, New York ANG, deployed 

pilots and 18 F/A-16s to Saudi Arabia for a possible war with Iraq.750

17 January 1991. Operation Desert Storm, the US-led coalition war against 

Iraq’s seizure of Kuwait, was initiated.751

27 January 1991. Flying unescorted, two unarmed RF-4C aircraft from the 

Nevada Air Guard’s 192nd Reconnaissance Squadron photographed open oil 

manifolds along a heavily defended section of Kuwait’s coastline during 

Operation Desert Storm. The manifolds had been opened by Iraqi forces to help 

thwart an amphibious assault in that area by dumping oil into the Persian 

Gulf. While approaching the target, the Air Guardsmen were fired on by Iraqi 

surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery. The next day, their photos 

were used by allied fighter bombers to help destroy the oil manifolds and stop 

the flow of crude oil into the Persian Gulf.752

28 February 1991. Active combat operations under Operation Desert Storm 

ended.753 Altogether, 12,404 Air Guardsmen served in operations Desert Storm 

and Desert Shield. Of those personnel, 5,240 deployed to Southwest Asia, 6,264 

served in the continental U.S. and the remaining 900 were assigned to Europe 

and other overseas locations.754

1 April 1991. The 210th Rescue Squadron, Alaska Air Guard, began 

performing rescue alert duties at Kulis Air National Guard Base. It was the 

newest of the Air Guard’s three rescue squadrons.755

28 April 1991. Astronaut and Texas Air Guard fighter pilot Charles Lacy 

Veach served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-39) 

launched on this date. It was his first space flight. The Discovery returned 

safely to earth on 6 May 1991.756

26 July 1991. A-7D/K operations ended at the 195th Tactical Fighter Training 

Squadron, Arizona ANG, because of the diminished requirement to train pilots 

in that aircraft since it was being gradually phased out of the inventory. 

Meanwhile, the unit had converted to F-16A/Bs during Fiscal Year 1991 and 

began to train aviators to fly the Fighting Falcon.757

30 September 1991. The National Guard Bureau reported that Air 

Guardsmen had performed 2,654 of the total 44,804 mandays devoted to 
96

state military support missions to the fiscal year (1991) ending on this date. 

During that period, 713 of the 7,848 Guardsmen who performed such 

missions were blue suiters.758

6-16 October 1991. Flying A-10s, Air Guardsmen from Maryland’s 175th

Fighter Group took top overall team honors at Gunsmoke 1991, the Air 

Force’s worldwide air-to-ground gunnery contest at Nellis AFB, Nevada.759

30 October 1991. Pararescue specialist SSgt. Rick Smith of the New York 

Air Guard’s 106th Rescue Wing was lost when his HH-60 Pavehawk 

helicopter was forced to ditch in the Atlantic because unexpectedly high 

winds during a monstrous storm had made it impossible to refuel his aircraft. 

The ANG helicopter and crew were retuning from an aborted attempt to save 

a civilian on a sinking sailboat 250 miles off New Jersey’s coast. The other 

members of the helicopter’s crew survived and were rescued by a Coast 

Guard cutter. The episode was documented in Sebastian Junger’s best 

selling book, The Perfect Storm.

760

December 1991. After absorbing instructors from the Reconnaissance 

Weapons School and receiving six RF-4Cs, the 189th Tactical Reconnaissance 

Training Flight, Idaho ANG, began training RF-4C and RF-4G crews.761

11 March 1992. Brig. Gen. J. M. Hafen, Utah ANG, reported to Maj. Gen. Phil 

Killey, ANG Director, that the B-52H mission which had been offered to the 

ANG by the Air Force was "doable" but not as desirable as the KC-135 

mission.762

24 March 1992. Astronaut and former Massachusetts Air Guard A-10 pilot

Byron K. Lichtenberg served as a payload specialist aboard the Space Shuttle 

Atlantis (STS-45) which was launched into orbit on this date. It was 

Lichtenberg’s second space flight. The Atlantis landed safely on 2 April 1992.763

27 March 1992. The last ANG C-130A departed the 164th Tactical Airlift 

Group, Tennessee ANG at Memphis, for the bone yard in Arizona The 164th 

was transitioning to the C-141B.764

8 April 1992. Col. Roberta V. Mills, a nurse originally from the Tennessee Air 

Guard, became the first woman ever promoted to general officer rank in the 

ANG.765

1 June 1992. The Air National Guard Support Center at Andrews AFB, 

Maryland was redesignated the Air National Guard Readiness Center effective 

this date.766
97

13 July 1992. C-130 aircraft and volunteer crews from the 167th Airlift 

Squadron of the West Virginia ANG began flying food and relief supplies into 

the besieged Bosnian city of Sarajevo. It was the first Air Guard unit to 

participate in Operation Provide Promise.767

19 August 1992. In response to a request from Headquarters, Air Mobility 

Command, three ANG C-130 units volunteered for humanitarian relief 

operations in Somalia. The 133d Airlift Wing, Minnesota, 135th Airlift Group,

Maryland, and the 146th Airlift Wing, California provided aircraft and crews 

that were based in Mombassa, Kenya. They flew daily missions to Somalia as 

part of Operation Provide Relief.768

August 1992. After Hurricane Andrew devastated parts of Florida and 

Louisiana, the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway, 

a Kentucky Air Guardsman, strongly resisted Pentagon efforts to mobilize 

Florida Guardsmen in federal status. He argued that such an action would 

deprive Guardsmen of their ability to assist hard pressed state and local law 

enforcement agencies in conducting critical police functions because of the 

restrictions of the Posse Comitatus Act. Without benefit of federalization, ANG 

transports from 16 units in 15 different states flew 402 sorties while delivering 

1,350.8 tons of food plus emergency supplies and equipment. Engineers from 

the Florida Air Guard cleared downed trees and other debris away streets with 

chain saws and heavy equipment. They also hauled debris away from 

neighborhoods to help prevent a breakdown of public sanitation. In Louisiana, 

the ANG’s 236th Combat Communications Squadron delivered electrical 

generators to various communities and a medical facility that provided constant 

care for infants and the elderly.769

August 1992. Air Guard volunteers launched Operation Steady State, 

manning ground-based radars at two locations in the Amazon as part of the 

United States Southern Command’s drug interdiction program.770

16-24 October 1992. Flying an F-16, Capt. Duane Kautzman of the Montana 

Air Guard’s 120th Fighter Group won the “Top Shooter” award at the Air Force’s 

William Tell 1992 air-to-air weapons meet held at Tyndall AFB, Florida.771

22 October 1992. Astronaut and Texas Air Guard fighter pilot Charles Lacy 

Veach served as a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-52) 

which was launched into orbit on this day. It was his second space flight. The 

Columbia landed safely on 1 November 1992.772

10-12 November 1992. During the annual ANG senior commanders 

conference at Atlantic City, New Jersey, Maj. Gen. Phil Killey, the ANG 

Director, publicly unveiled his strategic vision for reshaping the ANG to meet 
98

the challenges of the post Cold War era. The ANG would try to broaden its 

portfolio of flying missions to include acquiring bomber units as well as more 

airlift and tanker units in addition to seeking new missions like space for some 

of its support units. The Air Directorate, NGB, would attempt to preserve all 

ANG flying units and protect the jobs of their personnel. To accomplish those 

goals, it would aggressively seek out alternative missions to rerole some ANG 

flying units, reduce the number of aircraft assigned to each unit, combine 

similar units at the same location if necessary, and, as a last resort, close down 

flying units.773

5 December 1992. A preliminary deployment of nine ANG and three Air Force 

Reserve KC-135 tankers to Moron Air Base, Spain to establish a tanker task 

force (TTF) for Operation Restore Hope, Somalia relief operations, was 

completed. Col. Joseph Simeone, Commander, 157the Air Refueling Group,

New Hampshire ANG, was selected by the Air Mobility Command as the TTF’s

commander.774

5 December 1992. The 172d Airlift Group (AG), Mississippi ANG, and the 

164th AG, Tennessee ANG -- both equipped with C-141s -- were tasked by AMC 

to provide aircraft and crews to participate in Operation Restore Hope. The 

operation was initiated to provide humanitarian relief in Somalia.775

12 December 1992. The first 2,900 Marines of the 28,000 U.S. troops 

scheduled to intervene in Somalia landed at Mogadishu. To support the 

operation, the ANG had 31 personnel deployed in the continental US, 385 

overseas (mostly in Spain), and 9 in Somalia. All were volunteers.776

18 December 1992. To support Operation Restore Hope, two ANG aeromedical evacuation crews deployed to Mogadishu, Somalia.777

13 January 1993. Command of the tanker task force at Moron AB, Spain

supporting U.S. military operations in Somalia was transferred from Col. 

Joseph Simeone, New Hampshire ANG, to Col. James Dickensheets, USAF.778

15 January 1993. All ANG KC-135 tankers departed the tanker task force at 

Moron AB, Spain for the continental US. They had flown 348 sorties, refueled 

261 aircraft, off-loaded 20,159,300 gallons of fuel and carried 549 passengers 

while accumulating 1,833 flight hours in support of Somalia relief, Operation 

Restore Hope.779

19 January 1993. The Air Force publicly announced its intent to assign B-1B 

and B-52 bombers to the ANG and the Air Force Reserve. Those aircraft would 

be configured for conventional, not nuclear, missions.780
99

21 January 1993. Air Combat Command added Air National Guard combat 

search and rescue (CSAR) forces to its deployments to the Persian Gulf region 

for the first time. During Fiscal Year 1993, all three ANG CSAR units 

participated in Operation Southern Watch.781

28 January 1993. The final ANG strategic airlift summary for Operation 

Restore Hope was 137 sorties which delivered 1,359.4 tons, carried 585 

passengers and accumulated 679 flying hours.782

January 1993. Under the auspices of a foreign military sales contract, Air 

Guard KC-135 tankers and their volunteer crews began refueling NATO E-3 

AWACS training missions from Geilenkirchen AB, Germany.783

January 1993. As directed by Congress, the ANG established a Command, 

Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Planning Office to begin 

planning to assume space and other C3I missions.784

26 February 1993. C-130 aircraft and aircrews from the 123rd Airlift Wing, 

Kentucky ANG, began carrying relief supplies into a besieged Sarajevo in 

Operation Provide Promise.785

11 March 1993. An Air Force report on Base Realignment and Closure 

recommended that, contrary to the recommendations of the 1991 commission, 

the 121st Air Refueling Wing (ARW) and 160th Air Refueling Group, Ohio 

ANG, should remain at the Rickenbacker ANG Base, Ohio. It also called for the 

closure of O'Hare Air Reserve Station in Illinois and that the 126th ARW, 

Illinois ANG, be moved to another location.786

March 1993. The 124th Fighter Group, Idaho ANG, sent F-4G "Advanced Wild 

Weasel" aircraft and volunteers to Saudi Arabia to help enforce the no-fly zone 

over Iraq in Operation Southern Watch.787

1 May 1993. Maj. Jackie Parker was sworn into the New York Air Guard’s 

174th Fighter Wing becoming the ANG’s first female fighter pilot.788

15 May 1993. The 178th Fighter Group, Ohio ANG, was the last unit in the 

U.S. armed forces to fly the A-7. It said goodbye to the Corsair II during a 

"SLUF [i.e., Short, Little Ugly Flyer] Salute" at its home station in Springfield, 

Ohio.789

27 May 1993. The Air Force announced force structure changes at McConnell 

AFB, Kansas which would cause the 184th Fighter Group, Kansas ANG, a 

training unit, to lose its 54 F-16s and replace them with 10 B-1Bs.

790
100

28 June 1993. A 124th Fighter Group, Idaho ANG, F-4G "Wild Weasel" was 

illuminated by Iraqi surface air defense radar while escorting Joint Task Force 

Southern Watch aircraft over the southern no-fly zone in Iraq. The F-4G pilot 

launched a High Speed Anti Radiation Missile at the radar site and destroyed it 

before returning safely to base.791

June 1993. In response to the growing violence and UN casualties in Somalia, 

the ANG deployed a partial Mobile Aerial Staging Facility to the Mogadishu 

International Airport. It was manned by ANG volunteers.792

10 September 1993. Secretary of Defense Les Aspin issued his Fiscal Year 

1995-Fiscal Year 1999 Defense Program Guidance which, among other things, 

resulted in ANG personnel taking over responsibility for manning First Air 

Force and its continental air defense mission from the Air Force in accordance 

with the recommendations of the Department of Defense’s Bottom Up Review 

earlier that year.793

25 September 1993. Jane's Defense Weekly reported that the Air Force had 

proposed transferring B-1B bombers to both the 184th Fighter Group, Kansas 

ANG, and the 116th Fighter Wing, Georgia ANG.794

2 October 1993. The last F-4G aircraft and personnel from the 124th Fighter 

Group, Idaho ANG, returned to their home station from Saudi Arabia ending 

the unit's first volunteer rotation to help enforce the southern no-fly zone over 

Iraq.795

3-4 October 1993. During the "Battle of Mogadishu" in Somalia, a deployed 

Air Guard Mobile Aeromedical Staging Facility triaged and provided life 

support to more than 55 soldiers and evacuated over 65 patients.796

16 October 1993. Astronaut David A. Wolf, a former flight surgeon in the 

181st Tactical Fighter Group, Indiana ANG, was launched into orbit on the 

space shuttle Columbia (STS-58), a dedicated Spacelab life sciences research 

mission. The shuttle returned safely to earth on 1 November 1993.797

25 October 1993. Col. Irene Trowell-Harris, a nurse in the New York ANG, 

became the Air Guard’s first African-American woman promoted to the rank 

of brigadier general.798

October 1993. Air Guard volunteers from the New Hampshire’s 157th Air 

Refueling Group (ARG), Maine’s 101st Air Refueling Wing (ARW), Ohio’s 121st

ARW, and Pennsylvania’s 171st ARW were joined by volunteers from the Air 

Force Reserve’s 434th ARG and 927th ARG to establish a regional Air Reserve 
101

Components (ARC) tanker task force (TTF) that supported the overseas 

movement of U.S. military aircraft for Operation Restore Hope in Somalia. The 

TTF operated out of Bangor, Maine, Pease Air National Guard Base, New 

Hampshire, McGuire AFB, New Jersey, and Pittsburg International Airport, 

Pennsylvania.799

3 November 1993. Lt. Col. Mark Kalber of the National Guard Bureau’s Air 

Directorate briefed a concept of operations for ANG support of Antarctic 

operations by the National Science Foundation with LC-130s flown by the 109th 

Airlift Group, New York ANG.800

12 November 1993. Gen. John M. D. Schalikashvili, Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff, approved air reserve component augmentation of active duty

Air Force forces in Operation Provide Comfort that was aiding the Kurds in 

northern Iraq. 801

12 November 1993. Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey, the ANG Director, approved 

a concept to establish an Air National Guard tanker task force at an east 

coast ANG installation to be determined when the Air Force closed its own 

East Coast Tanker Task Force at Plattsburgh AFB, New York.802

15 November 1993. ANG fighter aircraft and volunteers began participating 

in Operation Deny Flight, the enforcement of a U.N.-sponsored no-fly zone over 

Bosnia-Herzegovina. The aircraft were stationed at Aviano Air Base, Italy and 

operated under NATO command.803

November 1993. Congress prohibited the Air Force from transferring the 116th

Tactical Fighter Wing of the Georgia ANG from Dobbins Air Reserve Base to 

Robins Air Force Base and delayed it from converting the unit from F-15s to 

B-1s for one year.804

4 - 6 December 1993. Volunteers and aircraft from four ANG F-16 fighter

squadrons arrived at Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, to participate in a composite or 

"rainbow unit" to support Operation Provide Comfort, the protection and relief 

of the Kurdish population in northern Iraq. The units were the: 120th Fighter 

Squadron (FS), Colorado; the 149th FS, Virginia; the 175th FS, South Dakota; 

and the 185th FS, Iowa.805 

12 January 1994. In an arrival ceremony at its home station, McEntire Air 

National Guard Base, the South Carolina, the Air Guard’s 169th Fighter Group 

received its first two brand new F-16C/Block 52 Fighting Falcons.806

28 January 1994. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, a Massachusetts Air 

Guardsman and combat veteran of the Vietnam War, became the Director of 
102

the Air National Guard. He was the only United States Air Force Academy 

graduate ever to be assigned to that post.807 

28 January 1994. At the direction of Gen. Merrill McPeak, Air Force Chief of 

Staff, Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey, the former ANG Director, assumed command 

of the Continental U.S. NORAD Region (CONR) and First Air Force at Tyndall 

AFB, Florida.

808

7 April 1994. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, the Director of the Air National 

Guard, approved a concept developed by the 101st Air Refueling Wing, Maine 

ANG, and the 157th Air Refueling Group, New Hampshire, to establish a new 

Northeast Tanker Task Force at their home stations after the Air Force’s 

Plattsburg Tanker Task Force was eliminated due to the programmed closure 

of Plattsburg AFB, New York in 1995.809

April 1994. The first Kansas Air Guardsmen of the 184th Fighter Group 

returned from initial B-1B training at Dyess AFB, Texas and began flying the 

aircraft with active-duty bomber crews of the 384th Bomb Wing at McConnell 

AFB, Kansas.810

27 June 1994. The Air Force Times reported that "Congressional 

heavyweights" had persuaded the Defense Department to scrap Air Force plans 

to reduce five ANG C-130 units from 12 to 8 aircraft each.811

1 July 1994. The 184th Fighter Group, Kansas ANG, was redesignated the 

184th Bomb Group effective this date. It was the first ANG unit to fly the B-1B 

bomber.812

30 July 1994. Air Guard volunteers from nine units began participating in 

Rwanda relief operations during two rotations in Operation Support Hope. By 

15 November 1994, their C-130s had flown 915 sorties while logging 1,598.2 

flying hours and delivering 4,515.8 tons of cargo while carrying 4,021 

passengers. 813

5 August 1994. An A-10 of the 175th Fighter Group, Maryland ANG, 

participating in Operation Deny Flight, destroyed a self propelled M-18 76 

millimeter anti-tank gun which the Bosnian Serbs had stolen from a U.N. 

weapons holding area in Bosnia.814

23 August 1994. ANG air refueling units began participating in Operation 

Deny Flight in the Balkans. They flew from airfields at Istres, France and Pisa, 

Italy. They were the: 108th Air Refueling Wing (ARW), New Jersey; 171st 

ARW, Pennsylvania; 121st ARW, Ohio; 141st ARW, Washington; 128th Air 

Refueling Group (ARG). Wisconsin; and 134th ARG, Tennessee.815
103

5 September 1994. The Air Force Times reported that the Congress had 

approved the move of the 116th Fighter Wing, Georgia ANG, to Robins AFB 

and converting it from F-15s to B-1Bs beginning in October 1995.816

22 September 1994. ANG C-130 airlift units began supporting Operation 

Provide Comfort from Incirlik AB, Turkey. The following units participated in 

1994: the 133d Airlift Wing, Minnesota, the 191st Airlift Group, Michigan, the 

135th Airlift Group, Maryland, the 167th Airlift Group, West Virginia, the 143d 

Airlift Group, Rhode Island, and the 146th Airlift Wing, California.817

29 September 1994. The 101st Air Refueling Wing, Maine ANG, began 

limited operations of the Air Guard’s new Northeast Tanker Task Force from 

Bangor International Airport.818

11-22 October 1994. The 119th Fighter Group North Dakota ANG, took top 

team honors at the William Tell 1994 worldwide Air Force air-to-air weapons 

meet at Tyndall AFB, Florida.819

17 October 1994. Col. Verna D. Fairchild of the Kentucky ANG was promoted 

to brigadier general and became her state's Assistant Adjutant General. She 

was the first woman to hold that assignment in any state.820

1 December 1994. Effective this date, Headquarters Northeast Air Defense 

Sector at Griffis AFB, New York was redesignated as the Headquarters 

Northeast Air Defense Sector (ANG).821

1 December 1994. The 124th Fighter Group, Idaho ANG, deployed personnel 

and F-4G “Wild Weasel” aircraft to Turkey to participate in Operation Provide 

Comfort II, the protection of the Kurdish population in northern Iraq. The 

Idaho Guardsmen ended their rotation on 31 December 1994.822

10 December 1994. After nine mid-air refuelings, an HH-60G Pave Hawk 

helicopter and crew from the New York ANG’s 102nd Rescue Squadron pulled a 

sailor from a sunken Ukrainian freighter out of 30-foot seas about 750 miles off 

the coast of Nova Scotia and returned him safely to shore.823

April 1995. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, the Air National Guard’s 

Director, asked the 192nd Fighter Wing, Virginia ANG, to develop pods to use 

with its F-16s to restore a manned tactical photo reconnaissance capability to 

the total Air Force. Gen. Ronald Fogleman, Air Force Chief of Staff, had 

requested that the Air Guard to take on this project after the service had 

decided to retire its last dedicated tactical photo reconnaissance aircraft, the 

RF-4C. That initiative was known as the Theater Airborne Reconnaissance 
104

System program.824

20 April 1995. Members of the 138th Fighter Group, Oklahoma ANG, began 

providing emergency assistance after the 19 April 1995 bombing of the Alfred 

P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.825

July 1995. The National Guard magazine reported that the North Dakota 

Air Guard’s 119th Fighter Group had been awarded the Hughes Trophy as the 

best fighter unit within the total Air Force in the air defense/air superiority 

mission during the previous year.826

22 August 1995. 12 A-10s and 150 (later 180) personnel from the 104th 

Fighter Wing (FW), Massachusetts ANG, began participating in Operation 

Deliberate Force, a NATO response to a Serb mortar attack on Sarajevo that 

killed 37 people. The 104th FW had deployed to Aviano AB, Italy on 8 August 

1995 to relieve an active Air Force unit participating in Operation Deny Flight. 

The unit flew approximately 285 sorties during Deliberate Force which ended 

on 22 September 1995.827

1 October 1995. Federal recognition was granted to the 137th Space Warning 

Squadron, Colorado ANG. It was the Air Guard's first space unit.828

1 October 1995. The last RF-4C was phased out of the ANG inventory at the 

152nd Reconnaissance Group, Reno, Nevada. That marked the end of dedicated 

manned tactical reconnaissance aircraft in the total Air Force. On that same 

date, the ANG delivered the first F-16 reconnaissance pod which enabled the 

Guard to continue providing 100 percent of the Air Force’s manned tactical 

reconnaissance capabilities. The 192nd Fighter Wing at Richmond, Virginia 

was the lead unit for the development and use of the pod.829

21 November 1995. The Air Force announced that the 172nd Airlift Wing, 

Mississippi ANG, would receive six brand new C-17s and phase out its C141s.830

8 December 1995. President Bill Clinton authorized the mobilization of units 

and individuals from the Guard and Reserve to augment U.S. military 

operations in the former Yugoslavia.831

10 December 1995. The Air Force tasked the ANG to deploy a radar package 

to Tazar, Hungary. Within 36 hours of notification, the Ohio Air Guard’s 251st 

Combat Communications Group launched a composite package of equipment 

and volunteers drawn from ANG units across the nation.832

18 December 1995. Maj. Gen. Russell C. Davis was assigned as the Vice 
105

Chief, NGB. General Davis, a District of Columbia Air National Guard officer, 

had been the Commanding General, District of Columbia National Guard. He 

was the first African American to hold the former assignment.833

January 1996. The ANG sent 8 C-130 aircraft, 16 aircrews, and 201 

personnel to Saudi Arabia and Oman for Operation Southern Watch. The Ohio

Air Guard’s 179th Airlift Wing led this multi-unit volunteer deployment which 

ended in March 1996.834

21 January 1996. The 137th Space Warning Squadron, Colorado ANG 

officially went into business in an activation ceremony at Greeley, Colorado. It 

was the first space unit in the history of the Air Guard.835

19 February 1996. The Air Force Times reported that the 109th Airlift Wing, 

New York ANG, would assume the responsibility for airlift support of National 

Science Foundation activities in Antarctic during 1999-2000 from the U.S. 

Navy.836

9 March 1996. After Cuban fighters shot down two U.S. civilian aircraft over 

the Straits of Florida, F-15s from the 125th Fighter Wing (FW), Florida ANG, 

were scrambled from Homestead AFB to provide a combat air patrol over the 

U.S. Coast Guard's search and rescue operations in international waters off the 

Cuban coast. The 125th FW flew 15 armed sorties on 9-10 March. They were 

joined by F-16s from Minnesota's 148th FW which flew eight sorties from their 

alert site at Tyndall AFB, Florida.837

March 1996. The 184th Bomb Wing, Kansas ANG, completed its conversion to 

the B-1B bomber.838

1 April 1996. The 116th Fighter Wing, Georgia ANG, was redesignated the 

116th Bomb Wing and received its first B-1B bomber. It was the second ANG 

unit to be equipped with that aircraft.839

20 April 1996. The last F-4 Phantom II's in the total Air Force’s inventory, four 

F-4G "Advanced Wild Weasels" from the ANG's 124th Fighter Wing at Gowen 

Field, Idaho, were retired and flown to Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona.840

April 1996. The ANG deployed 12 C-130s, 24 crews, and 378 volunteers to 

Ramstein AB, Germany for Operation Joint Endeavor. All ANG C-130 units 

participated in this deployment, supporting peace-keeping in Bosnia, which 

ended in June 1996.841

28 May 1996. The 192nd Fighter Wing, Virginia ANG, deployed four F-16C/Ds 

equipped with tactical photo reconnaissance pods -- the Tactical Air 
106

Reconnaissance System it was developing with a contractor -- to Italy. It 

successfully tested them while supporting NATO forces in Bosnia during 

peacekeeping operations. The unit departed from Italy for its home station on 

15 July 1996.842

18 September 1996. Senior officers from the New York Air Guard’s 109th

Airlift Wing briefed the National Guard Bureau on their concept of operations 

and the status of preparations for taking over Operation Deep Freeze, support 

of the National Science Foundation in Antarctica, from the U.S. Navy.843

2 December 1996. Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, the ANG Director,

announced that additional Air Guard officers would be assigned to 2 of the 9 

unified commands, the Joint Staff of the JCS, and the Air Force's major air 

commands as part of an ANG staff integration plan that had been approved by 

the Secretary of Defense.844

10 December 1996. The last brand new C-130Hs purchased for the Air 

Guard were delivered to the Minnesota Air Guard’s 133rd Airlift Wing.845

20 February 1997. Lt. Col. Martha Rainville, Vermont ANG, was elected by a 

joint vote of that state’s House and Senate to be its adjutant general effective 1 

March 1997. Her rank would be major general and she would be the first 

woman in the history of the militia and National Guard to serve as adjutant 

general. Vermont was the only state where lawmakers elected the Guard’s top 

officer.846

1 March 1997. Lt. Col. Martha Rainville, Vermont Air Guard, was sworn in 

as the nation’s first female Adjutant General ever by the state’s Governor, 

Howard Dean.847

March 1997. 12 F-16s from the ANG and AFRES deployed to Incirlick AB, 

Turkey to form a "rainbow unit" of fighters to support Operation Northern 

Watch to help maintain a no-fly zone over the northern portion of Iraq. Units 

involved were Wisconsin's 115th Fighter Wing (FW) and Ohio's 178th FW plus 

the Air Force Reserve's 419th FW.848

July 1997. The Air Force halted plans to cut the primary authorized aircraft 

of five ANG C-130 units from 12 to 8 aircraft each. Opposition to the cuts had 

been led on Capitol Hill by Senator Wendell Ford of Kentucky whose state's 

Air Guard unit flew that aircraft.849

2 August 1997. Col. Walter Burns, USAF, formally assumed command of the 

103rd Fighter Wing, Connecticut ANG, at Bradley ANG Base. Under the staff 

integration plan announced in 1996 by the National Guard Bureau, Burns 
107

became the first known active duty Air Force officer to command an Air Guard 

wing that had not been called into federal service.850

25 September 1997. Astronaut and former Indiana Air Guard flight surgeon 

David A. Wolf was launched into orbit on the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-86). 

A qualified cosmonaut, Dr. Wolf then served as a long duration crewmember on 

the Russian MIR Space Station. He returned to earth aboard the Space Shuttle 

Endeavor (STS-89) on 31 January 1989. It was his second space flight.851

1 October 1997. Effective this date, the Continental United States NORAD 

Region (CONR) and First Air Force officially completed the transition to 

manning by the ANG, replacing active duty Air Force personnel.

13 October 1997. C-130Hs carrying personnel from Wyoming's 153rd Airlift 

Wing departed Cheyenne to fight stubborn wildfires in Indonesia. Two of the 

aircraft were equipped with the Modular Airborne Firefighting System. The 

unit flew 215 sorties and logged 316.5 flying hours during its deployment to 

Indonesia.852

1 November 1997. Lt. Col. Linda K. McTague was assigned as commander of 

the 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia ANG. She was the first woman 

to serve as commander of an Air Guard flying squadron.853

18 November 1997. The ANG's Northeast Tanker Task Force (TTF) in 

Bangor, Maine began around-the-clock operations for Operation Phoenix 

Scorpion, the movement of Air Force aircraft to the Persian Gulf in response to 

Saddam Hussein's refusal to allow U.N. experts to inspect dozens of facilities 

suspected of hiding chemical and biological weapons. The TTF, consisting of 4 

Air Force and 10 ANG KC-135s, pumped over 1 million pounds of jet fuel into 

Air Force aircraft during the operation which lasted a week.854

19 December 1997. Effective this date, Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, assumed 

command of Continental United States NORAD Region (CONR) and First Air 

Force from the retiring Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey. Both officers were Air 

Guardsman.855

1 January 1998. Reflecting its broader and expanding mission, the I.G. 

Brown Air National Guard Professional Military Education Center near 

Knoxville, Tennessee was renamed the I.G. Brown Air National Guard 

Training and Education Center. The organization was named after the late 

Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown, an Arkansas Air Guardsman and former ANG Director 

who had been instrumental in establishing the school.856

26 January 1998. Deputy Secretary of Defense John Hamre formally approved 
108

plans to use the Guard and Reserve to help respond to domestic terrorist 

incidents or accidents involving weapons of mass destruction in the United 

States. He placed the Secretary of the Army in charge of the effort.857

28 January 1998. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., a New York Air Guardsman, 

became the Director of the Air National Guard.858

22 February 1998. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced that he 

had requested a Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up to support operations 

against Iraq in Southwest Asia.859

24 February 1998. President Bill Clinton signed an executive order 

authorizing the call-up of 500 Guardsmen and Reservists for up to 270 days to 

support military operations in Southwest Asia.860

26 March 1998. Representatives of the National Science Foundation (NSF), 

Department of Defense, Air Force, Navy, U.S. Transportation Command, and 

the NGB signed a Memorandum of Agreement turning over responsibility for 

providing airlift support of NSF operations in Antarctica from the U.S. Navy to 

the New York ANG's 109th Airlift Wing.861

May 1998. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced the specific 

locations of the 10 joint Army and Air Guard Rapid Assessment and Initial 

Detection (RAID) teams that would be established during the next fiscal year to 

assist civil authorities in the event of an incident involving weapons of mass 

destruction on American soil. The RAID teams would be placed at: Los 

Alamitos, California; Aurora, Colorado; Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia; 

Peoria, Illinois; Natick, Massachusetts; Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri; Stratton 

Air National Guard Base, New York; Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania; 

Austin, Texas; and Tacoma, Washington.862

June 1998. The 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia ANG, rolled out 

its first two C-38A Astra operational airlift passenger transport aircraft in a 

ceremony at Andrews AFB, Maryland. The C-38A replaced the unit’s C-21s.863

17 July 1998. CMSgt Gary R. Broadbent replaced CMSgt Edwin R. Brown 

as the Air National Guard Senior Enlisted Advisor and the position was 

renamed the Air National Guard Command Chief Master Sergeant.864

4 August 1998. Lt. Gen. Russell C. Davis, USAF, succeeded LTG. Edward 

Baca, USA, as the Chief, National Guard Bureau, effective this date. General 

Davis, a District of Columbia Air Guardsman, was the first African-American 

and the third Air Guardsman to hold that assignment on a regular (i.e., nonacting) basis.865
109

4 August 1998. The Air Force unveiled plans to reorganize more than 2,000 

aircraft into 10 Air Expeditionary Forces (AEFs) to ease the strain of increased 

post Cold War operations overseas. The AEFs would draw upon Air Guard 

and Air Force Reserve as well as active duty Air Force assets.866

17 August 1998. The Jefferson Plaza 1 (JP-1) office building in Arlington, 

Virginia, became the National Guard Bureau’s official new home when Lt. 

Gen. Russell C. Davis, a District of Columbia Air Guardsman who was the 

Bureau's Chief, reported for duty there. Previously, the Bureau had been 

headquartered in the Pentagon .867

30 September 1998. The National Guard Bureau reported that Air 

Guardsmen had performed 14,612 of the total 374,115 National Guard 

mandays devoted to state emergency response missions during the fiscal year 

(1998) ending on this date.868

1 October 1998. ANG vehicle maintenance personnel began repairing 

vehicles on a site in Qatar in the Persian Gulf region at the request of the 

United States Central Air Forces.869

27 October 1998. Hurricane Mitch, one of the deadliest Atlantic storms in 

the 20th century, devastated Central America leaving an estimated 9,000 

people dead in Honduras and almost one million homeless. In response to the 

enormous needs created by the storm, Air Guard crews and C-130s from 

Arkansas, California, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, 

West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Rhode Island delivered relief supplies to 

Honduras during “Operation Amigo” which lasted several months.870

October 1998. The National Guard Bureau formed 10 new joint Army 

Guard and Air Guard regional Rapid Assessment and Initial Detection 

(RAID) teams in 10 states to help civilian authorities detect and assess 

chemical, biological and nuclear hazards from terror weapons.871

October 1998. Senator Carl Levin (D-Michigan) was the honored guest at a 

ribbon-cutting ceremony for one of the most advanced air combat training 

tools in the United States, the Alpena-Kadena Instrumented Training 

System (AKITS). The event was held at the Air Guard’s Combat Readiness 

Training Center at Alpena, Michigan where the AKITS enabled fighter pilots 

to fly highly realistic air combat maneuvers without the need for an elaborate 

ground based range infrastructure or actually firing “live” weapons.872

16 December 1998. Anglo-American air and naval forces launched attacks 

against Iraq in Operation Desert Fox. Air Guardsmen and Air Force Reservists 
110

from five different units, plus several active duty Air Force outfits, had 

supported the operation by refueling Air Force aircraft deploying to the Persian 

Gulf region from the Northeast Tanker Task Force in Maine.873

December 1998. Six Air Guard fighter units were unable to deploy to 

Southwest Asia to enforce the no-fly zones over Iraq because their F-16s lacked 

the precision guided munitions and targeting pods that were now required to 

operate in that region. Air Guard officials reported that they had already begun 

moving to upgrade F-16s in many states with kits that would enable them to fly 

night missions and fire precision guided munitions.874

30 January 1999. NATO officials warned the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 

that it would do whatever was necessary, including air strikes, if Belgrade 

failed to comply with its demands for a political settlement in Kosovo.875

January 1999. The Texas Air Guard’s 149th Fighter Wing converted from a 

general purpose fighter mission to training ANG F-16 aviators to help ease the 

huge backlog of student flyers waiting to become full-fledged Viper pilots.876

17 February 1999. Brig. Gen. John Schnell, Chief of Staff, Maryland ANG, 

represented the Air Guard at Operation Coronet Oak closing ceremonies in 

Panama. That C-130 airlift operation was being shut down at Howard AB 

and transferred to Puerto Rico because US treaty rights in the Canal Zone 

were expiring. The ANG and the Air Force Reserve had conducted Coronet 

Oak (originally Operation Volant Oak) in Panama since October 1977.877

17 February 1999. ANG KC-135 tankers began providing air refueling 

support for fighter movements to Europe and air cargo missions positioning 

people and supplies for a possible war with the Federal Republic of 

Yugoslavia over the latter's actions in Kosovo.878

18 February 1999.The last U.S. Navy LC-130 departed from Antarctica 

ending naval support of Operation Deep Freeze, The operation had been turned 

over to the New York ANG’s 109th Airlift Wing in 1998.879

24 March 1999. NATO aircraft began a bombing campaign against 

Yugoslavia designed to force the Serbs to accept an alliance-sponsored peace 

agreement for the latter’s breakaway province of Kosovo. KC-135 Stratotankers 

and crews from the Hawaii ANG's 203rd Air Refueling Squadron, on a 

previously scheduled deployment to France, participated in Operation Allied 

Force.880

27 March 1999. About 100 Air Guard volunteers and two EC-130 

Commando Solo aircraft from Pennsylvania's 193rd Special Operations Wing 
111

deployed to Germany to support the NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia.881

28 March 1999. The NGB requested help for Operation Allied Force from 

Nebraska's 155th Air Refueling Wing. Less than 60 hours later, wing personnel 

and 3 of their KC-135 tankers were on the ground at Rhine Main Air Base, 

Germany.882

1 April 1999. An EC-130 Commando Solo aircraft from the 193rd Special 

Operations Wing, Pennsylvania ANG, flew south from Ramstein AB, Germany 

and began broadcasting radio and television programs to northern Serbia as 

part of Operation Allied Force.883

7 April 1999. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., the ANG Director, announced the 

formation of a "Future Forces Team" in the NGB to help reshape the Air Guard 

for the 21st century.884

12 April 1999. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., the ANG Director, activated 

the ANG Crisis Action Team at Andrews AFB, Maryland to handle Air Guard 

tanker issues related to Operation Allied Force, the air war for Bosnia.885

13 April 1999. Gen. Wesley Clark, USA, Supreme Allied Commander 

Europe, asked for 300 more U.S. aircraft for use in Operation Allied Force in 

addition to the 82 aircraft that he had requested on April 9th. His request 

would bring the total U.S. aircraft committed to the operation to 800. Pentagon 

spokesman Kevin Bacon said this might require a presidential selective reserve 

call-up.886

14-15 April 1999. Approximately 100 members of New York's 107th Air 

Refueling Wing (ARW) deployed to Turkey with 4 KC-135Rs for a month-long 

tour of duty with Operation Northern Watch. They teamed up there with 

personnel from New Hampshire's 157th ARW.887

21 April 1999. The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Reserve Affairs 

reported that over 500 volunteers from the Air Force Reserve and the Air 

Guard were supporting Operation Allied Force overseas and in the continental 

US.888

26 April 1999. Pentagon officials announced that Secretary of Defense William 

Cohen had ordered 30 tankers, their aircrews and support personnel, to deploy 

by 1 May 1999 for active duty with Operation Allied Force. A mix of active duty 

Air Force and Air Reserve Components assets, they would be sent overseas in 

response to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe’s request earlier in April 

for additional U.S. military aircraft.889
112

27 April 1999. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen announced that 

President Bill Clinton had approved a Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up to 

support the NATO air war for Kosovo, Operation Allied Force. It authorized the 

mobilization of up to 33,102 members of the Selected Reserve. The initial 

increment of approximately 2,000 would be members of ANG and Air Force 

Reserve air-refueling units.890

28 April 1999. Headquarters, United States Air Force issued a Presidential 

Selective Reserve Call-Up message for Operation Southern Watch, 

maintaining the no-fly zone over southern Iraq. Air Combat Command was 

authorized to mobilize elements of the ANG's 106th and 129th Rescue Wings 

and deploy them to the Persian Gulf region.891

1 May 1999. Operation Coronet Nighthawk, the Air Guard’s drug 

interdiction program with fighter aircraft in the Caribbean region, was 

shifted from Panama to the Dutch island of Curaco because of the pending 

closure of U.S. military bases in Panama.892

1 May 1999. The 171st Air Refueling Wing (ARW), Pennsylvania ANG, 

received its official activation order for Operation Allied Force. The order 

involved deploying about 400 personnel and 14 KC-135Es to the theater of 

operations.893 Other mobilized ANG tanker units included the: 117th ARW, 

Alabama; 128th ARW, Wisconsin; 141st ARW, Washington; 151st ARW, Utah; 

and the 161st ARW, Arizona.894

4-6 May 1999. Approximately 300 mobilized members of the Arizona 

ANG's 161st Air Refueling Wing and six KC-135s deployed to Europe to 

support NATO’s war against Yugoslavia, Operation Allied Force.895

12 May 1999. Acting Secretary of the Air Force F. Whitten Peters 

announced that additional ANG units had been mobilized for Operation Allied 

Force. They included the: 232nd Combat Communications Squadron (CBCS), 

Alabama; 117th Intelligence Squadron, Alabama; 117th Intelligence squadron, 

Alabama; 123rd Intelligence Squadron, Arkansas; 149th CBCS, California; 

231st CBCS, District of Columbia; 259th Air Traffic Control (ATC)Group, 

Louisiana; 241st ATC Squadron, Missouri; 152nd Intelligence Squadron, 

Nevada; 260th Intelligence Squadron, new Hampshire; 269th CBCS, Ohio; 

271st CBCS, Pennsylvania; 169th Intelligence Squadron, Utah; and the 143rd 

CBCS, Washington.896

17 May 1999. 18 ANG A-10s and approximately 510 mobilized personnel 

from the 104th Fighter Wing (FW), 110th FW, and 124th FW left Barnes 

Municipal Airport, Massachusetts heading for Italy to participate in Operation 

Allied Force. They comprised the 104th Expeditionary Operations Group.897
113

18 May 1999. The Acting Secretary of the Air Force F. Whitten Peters 

directed that 109 members of the 255th Air Control Squadron (ACS), Louisiana 

ANG, be mobilized for active duty in Southwest Asia under a Presidential 

Selective Reserve Call-Up announced by the Secretary of Defense on 22 

February 1998.898

18 May 1999. F. Whitten Peters, the Acting Secretary of the Air Force, 

directed the call-up of 44 Air Guardsmen from the following units: 103rd Air 

Control Squadron (ACS), Connecticut; 117th ACS, Georgia; and the 128th ACS, 

Wisconsin.899

19 May 1999. The 104th Expeditionary Operations Group, consisting of 18 A10s and personnel from 3 ANG units, arrived at Trapani Air Base in Sicily for 

Operation Allied Force.900

21 May 1999. Air Guard A-10s from the 104th Expeditionary Operations 

Group began flying Operation Allied Force missions.901

21 May 1999. The Acting Secretary of the Air Force, F. Whitten Peters, 

directed the mobilization of 752 Air Guardsmen from the 101st Air Refueling 

Wing (ARW), Maine, and the 108th ARW, New Jersey under a Presidential 

Selective Reserve Call-Up for Operation Allied Force.902

26 May 1999. A small contingent of Air Guardsmen and A-10s assigned to 

the 104th Expeditionary Operations Group deployed from Trapani Air Base, 

Sicily, to Tazar Air Base, Hungary, to perform combat search and rescue 

operations as required for Operation Allied Force.903

26 May 1999. During a Pentagon press briefing, Maj. Gen. Charles F. 

Wald of the JCS Joint Staff, observed that "many of those really well-trained 

pilots are in the Guard and Reserve . . . . The Guard unit that arrived in 

Trapani about a week and a half ago-the A-10s from Massachusetts, Michigan, 

and Idaho-have an average flying hours per pilot of about 2,000 hours. Many of 

them have combat time. So many of our real high-flying, experienced pilots are 

in the Guard and Reserve."904

27 May 1999. Approximately 100 mobilized members of the 271st Combat 

Communications Squadron, Pennsylvania ANG, left for Europe to participate 

in Operation Allied Force. They served in Turkey and Italy.905

May 1999. Cuban government officially admitted that four Alabama Air 

Guardsmen, serving as civilian contractors, had been killed on 19 April 1961 

when their B-26s had been shot down during the Bay of Pigs invasion.906
114

1-2 June 1999. An advanced party and four KC-135s from the 108th Air 

Refueling Wing, New Jersey ANG, departed for an undisclosed location in 

Europe to pave the way for additional unit members. The unit was called to 

active duty to support NATO operations in Kosovo.907

3 June 1999. Yugoslavia accepted an international peace plan for ending the 

Kosovo conflict, bowing to NATO demands for withdrawal of all its army and 

police forces and deployment of a NATO-dominated peacekeeping force to that 

war-torn province.908

4 June 1999. The Virginia ANG presented a proposal to the NGB to relocate 

the 192nd Fighter Wing from Richmond to Langley AFB and form a Virginia 

ANG associate unit at the latter location to fly the new F-22 “Raptor” as part 

of the Air Force’s First Fighter Wing when the latter organization received the 

aircraft.

909

9 June 1999. Yugoslav military commanders signed a "military technical 

agreement" with NATO military commanders for Yugoslav forces to begin 

withdrawing from Kosovo on 10 June 1999.910

10 June 1999. NATO suspended air attacks on Yugoslavia under Operation

Allied Force after intelligence reports showed Yugoslav military forces 

evacuating Kosovo as agreed.911

18 June 1999. Two Louisiana Air Guard F-15As from the 159th Fighter Wing 

that had deployed to Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland for a NATO exercise 

intercepted Russian TU-95 Bear bombers that had penetrated the Icelandic 

Military Air Defense Identification Zone in a long range probe not seen since 

the Cold War’s end. Two more Louisiana ANG Eagles, launched from 

Keflavick, escorted the bombers out of the area.912

20 June 1999. NATO officially ended the air war against Yugoslavia, 

Operation Allied Force, after Serb forces had completed their withdrawal from 

Kosovo.913

21 June 1999. ANG A-10s from the 104th Expeditionary Operations Group 

based at Trapani Air Base, Sicily, flew their final airborne close air support 

alert sorties for Operation Allied Force.914

24 June 1999. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen authorized the 

redeployment of some U.S. military aircraft that had participated in Operation 

Allied Force. He authorized 315 aircraft including 18 ANG A-10s from the 104th

Expeditionary Operations Group to begin returning to their home stations.915
115

24 June 1999. The ANG Crisis Action Team reported that, as of this date, 

4,227 Air Guardsmen had been activated under the Presidential Selected 

Reserve Call-Up for Kosovo operations and 2,976 of them had been deployed 

away from home station for those operations. The ANG had deployed73 KC135s and 18 A-10s for those operations as of this date.916

30 June 1999. All 18 ANG A-10s of the 104th Expeditionary Operations 

Group departed Trapani Air Base, Sicily, for the continental United States. 

The aircraft, their crews and support personnel had participated in Operation 

Allied Force.917

16 July 1999. The Defense Department announced that the Lockheed Martin 

Corporation of Marietta, George had been awarded a $370 million modification 

to an Air Force contract to produce seven more C-130J aircraft including four 

that would go to the Air Guard.918

27 July 1999. The 135th Airlift Group of the 175th Wing, Maryland ANG, 

accepted the Air Guard’s first brand new C-130J (Aircraft # 97-1351) at its 

home station, Martin State Airport.919

28 July 1999. The 126th Air Refueling Wing, Illinois ANG, closed the Air 

Reserve Station at O'Hare International Airport and prepared to complete its 

move to Scott AFB, Illinois.920

31 July 1999. The ANG Crisis Action Team at the Air National Guard 

Readiness Center on Andrews AFB, Maryland, which had been activated to 

facilitate the Guard's involvement in Operation Allied Force, was closed down 

effective this date.921

August 1999. National Guard magazine reported that the Air Guard had 

purchased 586 AN/AVS-9 Aviator’s Night Vision Imaging Systems from ITT 

Industries of McClean, Virginia to enable its pilots to conduct operations 

around-the-clock as part of its “Combat Quadrangle” concept to upgrade the 

combat capabilities of its fighter aircraft fleet.922

3 September 1999. Capt. Julie Hudson of the Maryland Air Guard’s 175th

Wing completed her final mission check ride and qualified as the ANG’s first 

fully combat ready female A-10 fighter pilot.923

14-18 September 1999. As Hurricane Floyd impacted the East Coast of the 

United States from the Carolinas to Maine causing at least 57 deaths and an 

estimated $6 billion dollars worth of damage, Air Guardsmen joined their Army 

Guard counterparts in relief operations. In North Carolina, they flew 33,000 
116

cases of food rations in 3 C-130s to flood victims and erected a tent city for 80 

people near Wilmington’s airport. New Jersey Air Guardsmen from the state’s 

two flying wings assisted Army Guardsmen in sand-bagging operations, 

reinforcing a flood-weakened dam, and delivering supplies to victims of the 

storm.924

21 September 1999. Gen. Michael Ryan, the Air Force Chief of Staff, 

presented five members of the Alaska Air Guard’s 210th Rescue Squadron with 

the 1999 MacKay Trophy, the service’s highest award for meritorious flying, for 

their daring 27 May 1998 mountaintop rescue of six people trapped in a 

crashed Cessna 207. The rescue with their Pavehawk helicopter took nearly 

seven hours due primarily to strong winds and thick swirling clouds above the 

10,500-foot level of Mount Torbert 70 miles east of Anchorage where the crash 

victims were stranded.925

1 October 1999. The ANG and the Air Force Reserve were integrated with 

the active duty Air Force in the service’s new Expeditionary Aerospace Force 

(EAF).926 The Air Force began implementing its EAF concept as the first of its 

10 Aerospace Expeditionary Forces (AEFs) began deploying overseas. This 

was known as AEF Cycle 1. The ANG had agreed to supply 10 percent of the 

planes and personnel for each AEF.927

1 October 1999. The first ANG pilot began flying with the Air Force 325th 

Fighter Wing at Tyndall AFB, Florida as part of a new program in which the 

Guard would provide flight instructors to help train new active duty Air Force 

F-15 pilots. The ANG associate unit was designated Detachment 1 of the 

Southeast Air Defense Sector.928

15 October 1999. To participate in a training exercise known as “Operation 

Foal Eagle’99,” 34 members of the Idaho Air Guard’s security forces deployed 

to South Korea for two weeks.929

16 October 1999. A crew and LC-130 from the New York Air Guard’s 109th

Airlift Wing flew a six-and-a-half, 1,680 mile roundtrip in bitter cold weather 

from New Zealand to the Antarctic coast and back to evacuate Dr. Jeri Nielsen, 

the only physician at the National Science Foundation (NSF) research mission, 

because she had found a lump in her breast. It may have been the earliest flight 

following winter in the 70-year history of the NSF program. The flight took 

place two weeks earlier than the scheduled resumption of flights which had 

been terminated for the winter on 15 February 1999.

930

23 October 1999. The 126th Air Refueling Wing, Illinois ANG, raised the 

American flag over its new home at Scott AFB, Illinois. It had moved from 

O'Hare International Airport/Air Reserve Station to Scott in accordance with a 
117

recommendation of the Base Reallignment and Closure Commission.931

3 November 1999. The Columbia (SC) State newspaper reported that the 

169th Fighter Wing of the South Carolina ANG had recently qualified most of 

its pilots to hunt and disable enemy surface-to-air missile sites through the 

use of the High Speed Anti Radiation Missile (HARM) Targeting System. 

Consequently, the 169th was the only ANG fighter unit capable of performing 

the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses mission using the HARM system.932

13 December 1999. The 123rd Air Control Squadron Ohio ANG, was called 

up under a Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up authority for duty in Kuwait. 

73 members of the unit deployed to that nation.933

13 January 2000. Elements of the 169th Fighter Wing, South Carolina ANG, 

deployed from McEntire Air National Guard Base by commercial air to Incirlik 

AB, Turkey to participate in Operation Northern Watch (ONW). It was the 

first ANG unit to deploy operationally in the Suppression of Enemy Air 

Defenses (SEAD) role, the first ANG unit to employ the High Speed-Anti 

Radiation Missile in a SEAD mission, and the first to deploy a female ANG F16 pilot on an operational combat mission to ONW.934

1 February 2000. The 187th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Wyoming 

ANG, flew its first regularly scheduled peacetime medical evacuation mission 

from Cheyenne, Wyoming to Colorado Springs, Colorado. It assumed this 

mission from the Air Force.935

18 August 2000. Pilots and six F-16s from the New Mexico Air Guard’s 150th

Fighter Wing began flying with their Chilean air force counterparts at the 

Diego Aracena Training Base in the northern part of that South American 

nation in an exercise called Salitre 2000. The exercise ended on 3 September 

2000.936

9 September 2000. Iowa officials announced that the 185th Fighter Wing, 

Iowa ANG, would convert from F-16s to KC-135 tankers by 2004. The 

changeover was expected to cost $32.2 in construction and $30 million in 

training and conversion costs. 10 KC-135s would be assigned to the unit.937

30 September 2000. ANG vehicle maintenance personnel completed their 

project of repairing vehicles on site in Qatar in the Persian Gulf region. 

Altogether, over 300 Air Guardsmen on 13,500 man-days had supported the 

repair of more than 1,100 vehicles since the project began on 1 October 

1998.938

1 October 2000. The California ANG established the 148th Space Operations 
118

Squadron (SOPS) to help run the Air Force’s MILSTAR Operations Center at 

Vandenberg AFB. The 148th SOPS was formerly the 148th Combat 

Communications Squadron.939

1 October 2000. Buckley Air National Guard Base in Colorado became 

Buckley AFB. Responsibility for the installation shifted from the 140th

Fighter Wing, Colorado ANG, to Air Force Space Command's 821st Space 

Group.940

4 January 2001. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., ANG Director, broke ground 

for the new Chaplain Service Academy at the I.G. Brown Air National Guard 

Training and Education Center at McGhee-Tyson ANGB, Tennessee.941

11 January 2001. Pentagon officials announced that they had decided to 

allow Guardsmen and Reservists to participate in sensitive nuclear-related 

missions reversing a prohibition that was adopted in the early 1990s after the 

Cold War ended.942

20 January 2001. Texas Governor and former Texas Air National Guardsman 

George W. Bush, a Republican, was inaugurated as President of the United 

States. Bush was the only former Air Guardsmen to attain the Oval Office. 

February 2001. Lt. Col. Mark Stephens, Vice Commander of the Ohio Air 

National Guard’s 179th Airlift Wing, became the first Air Guardsmen to assume 

command of both active duty and ANG forces assigned to Operation Joint 

Forge, the resupply of multinational peacekeepers in Bosnia. He was based at 

Ramstein AB, Germany. Stephens served as Director of Operations until 5 

March 2001 when the 179th returned all of its personnel to home station.943

20-23 February 2001. Elements of Ohio’s 179th Airlift Wing and Kentucky’s 

123rd Airlift Wing were given an Expeditionary Operational Readiness 

Inspection while deployed at Ramstein AB, Germany to participate in 

Operation Joint Forge in the Balkans.944

17 March 2001. A C-5 Galaxy assigned to the New York Air Guard’s 105th

Airlift Wing delivered 65,600 pounds of relief supplies to earthquake-ravaged 

El Salvador at the San Salvador International Airport.945

8 April 2001. In a change of command ceremony, Brig. Gen. Mary Ann Eps 

took over as the Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Connecticut. She was the 

first African American female to hold that assignment in the ANG. General 

Eps was a nurse in civilian life.946

26 June 2001. Officials announced that Secretary of Defense Donald H. 
119

Rumsfeld would propose cutting the Air Force’s fleet of 93 B-1B bombers by 

nearly one-third. Under that Air Force initiative which caught Congress and 

the NGB by surprise, ANG B-1B units in Georgia and Kansas would lose their 

bombers and all unit funding as of 1 October 2001. No plans for follow-on 

missions or funding for those ANG units were announced by the Pentagon. 947

June 2001. Oregon Air Guardsmen and F-15s from the 173rd Fighter Wing 

spent over two weeks in Poland demonstrating air-to-air combat techniques to 

their new NATO allies.948

31 August 2001. All ANG Operation Coronet Nighthawk fighter operations 

ended on this date but the deployed fighter aircraft remained in 24-hour alert 

status until they departed the island of Curacao. The Air Guard operation 

had begun in 1990 using fighters to help monitor and interdict illegal drug 

traffic in the Caribbean region.949

11 September 2001. Major coordinated terrorist attacks were launched on the 

United States. Two hijacked commercial airliners on domestic flights crashed 

into the World Trade Center Towers in New York City this morning. Both 

buildings and a nearby one subsequently collapsed. Shortly after the World 

Trade Center buildings were attacked, another hijacked domestic airliner 

crashed into the Pentagon causing tremendous destruction in a recently 

renovated wedge of that building. A fourth hijacked domestic airliner crashed 

in a rural area of southwestern Pennsylvania.950

11 September 2001. ANG F-15s were scrambled from Otis ANG Base, 

Massachusetts and ANG F-16s were scrambled from Langley AFB, Virginia to 

intercept hijacked commercial airliners bound for the World Trade Center in 

New York City and the Pentagon respectively but arrived too late to thwart the 

terrorist attacks.951

11 September 2001. Shortly after the four airliners hijacked by terrorists in 

the U.S. crashed, the Pentagon gave NORAD the operational lead to use Air 

Force fighters to patrol the skies over more than 30 American cities. Navy 

fighters also flew just off the Atlantic coast, near New York. Within hours of the 

terrorist attacks, 34 ANG fighter units had generated aircraft and were ready 

to fly combat missions. 15 of those units had flown 179 fighter missions during 

the first 24 hours. In addition, 18 ANG tanker wings had generated 78 

aircraft.952

11 September 2001. In response to the terrorist attacks on the continental 

U.S., Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., the Air Guard’s Director, activated the 

ANG Crisis Action Team (CAT). The CAT was located in the Air National 

Guard Readiness Center at Andrews AFB, Maryland.953
120

14 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld requested and 

President George W. Bush approved an order to call as many as 50,000 

Reservists and National Guardsmen to active duty “ . . . to provide port 

operations, medical support, engineer support, general civil support and 

homeland defense.” The Air Force’s personnel requirements were 13,000 of 

these 50,000.954

14 September 2001. Congress authorized use of the U.S. armed forces against 

the terrorists who had attacked the country on 11 September 2001 and those 

who harbored them.955

15 September 2001. The ANG Crisis Action Team reported that, to date, 35 

ANG fighter units had generated 603 sorties in connection with the terrorist 

attacks on the U.S. on 11 September 2001. 18 ANG tanker wings had generated 

72 sorties offloading 3.2 million pounds of fuel.956

15 September 2001. Press reports indicated that fighter jets had been flying 

combat air patrols over 30 major U.S. cities since the terrorist attacks on 

September 11th.

957

18 September 2001. NORAD reported that ANG fighters continued to 

maintain continuous combat air patrols over Washington, DC and New York 

City as a result of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. In addition, 

NORAD emphasized that a pair of ANG fighters were currently being 

maintained on alert at each of 26 locations to respond quickly to any new 

threats.958

20 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced 

that 5,131 members of the Air Guard and the Air Force Reserve had been 

ordered to report to active service as part of the partially mobilization ordered 

by President Bush.959

22 September 2001. The Defense Department announced that approximately 

5,172 more ANG and AFRES members had been called to active duty by 

President George W. Bush in response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist 

attacks on the U.S.960

26 September 2001. Secretary of the Air Force James Roche confirmed that 

the 116th Bomb Wing, Georgia ANG, would transition from B-1B bombers to 

Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System aircraft and be redesignated 

the 116th Air Control Wing. It would remain a unit equipped flying 

organization. No date was given for either change.961
121

26 September 2001. Secretary of the Air Force James Roche confirmed that 

the 184th Bomb Wing, Kansas ANG, would transition from B-1B bombers to 

KC-135 tankers and remain a unit equipped flying organization.962

27 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld confirmed that 

President Bush had authorized three midlevel Air Force generals -- including 

Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, Commander of First Air Force and CONR - - to 

order hijacked airliners that threatened American cities shot down without 

consulting with senior military officials or the President if there was not 

enough time to do so. If there was enough time, General Arnold would take the 

decision to the NORAD commander who would bring it to Secretary Rumsfeld 

who would try to reach the President.963

27 September 2001. Responding to a presidential authorization, Maj. Gen. 

Raymond F. Rees, Vice Chief of the NGB, issued guidance for the use of 

National Guardsmen to help strengthen security at the nation’s airports 

following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S.964

28 September 2001. At the President’s request, National Guardsmen began 

providing enhanced security at many of the nation’s airports. They were 

activated in Title 32, United States Code status which enabled them to perform 

law enforcement functions while remaining under the control of their 

governors.965

29 September 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced 

that 5,131 members of the Air Guard and Air Force Reserve from 29 units in 24 

states and the District of Columbia had been ordered to report to active duty 

under partial mobilization authorized by President George W. Bush.966

2 October 2001. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced that 

President George W. Bush had nominated Maj. Gen. Daniel James III, the 

Adjutant General of Texas, to be the next Director of the Air National Guard. If 

confirmed by the Senate, he would serve in the rank of lieutenant general.967

7 October 2001. The Bush administration launched a war against 

Afghanistan because its government had harbored the Al Qaeda terrorist 

organization that had planned and conducted the 11 September 2001 terrorist 

attacks against the U.S. The operation, which involved significant numbers of 

Air Guardsmen from the outset, was named Enduring Freedom.968

8 October 2001. Four EC-130E Commando Solo aircraft from the 

Pennsylvania ANG’s 193rd Special Operations Wing began broadcasting music 

and information to the Afghan people as part of Operation Enduring 

Freedom969
122

15 October 2001. Air Guard officers from the Air Directorate, NGB briefed 

their Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS) concept to Lt. Gen. Paul K. 

Carlton, Jr., the Air Force Surgeon General.970

16 October 2001. Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver, Jr., ANG Director, announced

that tanker force upgrades and recapitalization were the Air Guard’s greatest 

modernization needs.971

17 October 2001. Elements of the 186th Air Refueling Wing (ARW), 

Mississippi ANG, and the 117th ARW, Alabama, formed a composite unit at 

Incirlick AB, Turkey to support Operation Enduring Freedom. The two air 

refueling wings switched lead unit status every 90 days.972

31 October 2001. Effective this date, the Air Force’s 611th Air Control 

Squadron at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska was redesignated the 611th Air Control 

Squadron (ANG). The new Alaska ANG unit retained its established mission of 

monitoring the state’s airspace for unidentified and potentially hostile 

aircraft.973

9 November 2001. The number of Air Guard volunteers serving in response to 

the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and other 

taskings peaked at 12,864.974

5 December 2001. As part of Operation Noble Eagle, Florida Air Guard F-15s 

from the 125th Fighter Wing patrolled the skies over the Kennedy Space Center 

as the space shuttle Endeavor was launched. It was the first shuttle launch 

after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S.975

December 2001. The Rhode Island ANG’s 143rd Airlift Wing became the first 

U.S. military unit to be equipped with the brand new C-130J-30 Hercules 

transport.976

1 February 2002. Brig. Gen. David A. Brubaker, an Indiana Air Guardsman, 

became the Acting Director of the Air National Guard pending Senate 

confirmation of Maj. Gen. Daniel James, III, the Adjutant General of Texas, as 

the president’s nominee to be the Director of the Air National Guard.977

4 March 2002. Tech. Sgt. Keary Miller, a Kentucky Air Guard pararescue 

specialist from 123rd Special Tactics Squadron, cared for wounded personnel 

and participated in a firefight with nearby enemy forces after the Army special 

operations helicopter he was riding was shot down on a mountain named Taku 

Ghar in eastern Afghanistan. For his heroism and professional skill during 

that 15-hour ordeal in Operation Enduring Freedom, Miller was awarded the 
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Silver Star, the nation’s third highest award for valor.978

1 April 2002. The total number of Air Guardsmen serving (voluntary and 

mobilized) on federal taskings following the 11 September 2001 terrorist 

attacks on the United States peaked at 24,566.979

14 April 2002. The Los Angeles Times reported that the California Air 

Guard’s 146th Airlift Wing at Channel Islands ANG Station was scheduled to 

acquire eight brand new C-130J Hercules aircraft.980

15 April 2002. The total number of Air Guardsmen serving in mobilized status 

following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States peaked 

at 21,011.981

18 April 2002. An F-16 pilot assigned to the 183rd Fighter Wing, Illinois ANG, 

who thought he was under attack from unidentified ground forces mistakenly 

dropped a bomb killing four Canadian soldiers and wounding eight more in 

southern Afghanistan. The Canadians were conducting a live-fire training 

exercise at night.982

14 May 2002. The U.S. Senate confirmed Maj. Gen. Daniel James III, the 

Adjutant General of Texas, as the new Director of the Air National Guard. A 

Vietnam combat veteran, he would be the first African-American and the first 

three-star general to hold that assignment.983

21 May 2002. The National Guard Bureau reported that 17,933 Air 

Guardsmen were serving on partial mobilization status in operations Noble 

Eagle and Enduring Freedom. Another 6,078 ANG members were serving as 

volunteers in those two operations. In addition, 248 Air Guardsmen were 

helping to provide security at civilian airports while on state status (Title 32, 

U.S. Code) performing active duty support work tours.984

31 May 2002. The National Guard’s airport security mission ended. Since it 

began in September 2001 following the terrorist attacks on the U.S., 8,597 

Guardsmen had served at 444 airports across the nation. Several hundred of 

them had been Air Guardsmen. 985

3 June 2002. Maj. Gen. Daniel James III, the Adjutant General of Texas and 

a Vietnam combat veteran, became the Director of the Air National Guard and 

was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. He was the first three-star 

officer and the first African-American officer to hold that assignment.986

22 June 2002. An aircrew from the 116th Bomb Wing, Georgia ANG, flew the 

unit’s last scheduled B-1 training flight. The unit would become the 116th Air 
124

Control Wing on 1 October 2002 and transition to the E-8C Joint STARS 

(Surveillance Target Attack Radar System).987

10-11 July 2002. Air Guardsmen from Alaska’s 210th Rescue Squadron, 

operating with an HC-130 rescue tanker aircraft and an HH-60 helicopter, 

rescued a Filipino sailor who was stricken with a serious case of appendicitis 

1,000 miles at sea and delivered him to a hospital at Kodiak. The entire 

mission lasted about 26 hours.988

1 August 2002. Maj. Gen. Craig R. McKinley, assumed command of the 

Continental United States NORAD Region (CONR) and First Air Force from 

the retiring Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, in a ceremony at Tyndall AFB, Florida. 

Both officers were Air Guardsmen.989

3 August 2002. Lt. Gen. Russell C. Davis, a District of Columbia Air 

National Guard officer, retired as Chief of the National Guard Bureau. He 

was the first African American and only the third Air Guardsman to hold 

that assignment since the ANG was established by law as a separate reserve 

component on 18 September 1947.990

4 August 2002. The last B-1 departed from the 184th Bomb Wing, Kansas 

ANG. The unit was officially slated to become an air refueling wing effective 16 

September 2002.991

16 August 2002. The Air Force announced that it would extend the 

mobilization of over 14,000 Guardsmen and Reservists into a second year as 

part of the Bush administration’s “global war on terror.” The majority of them 

were in security forces, one of the service’s most heavily used career fields. 992

August 2002. The Arkansas Air Guard’s 189th Airlift Wing began providing 

initial training to all active duty U.S. Air Force C-130 loadmasters.993

6 September 2002. Fighter aircraft temporarily resumed continuous 24 hour 

combat air patrols over Washington, D.C. and New York City as the first 

anniversary of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on those cities 

approached.994

17 September 2002. The last B-1 departed from the 116th Bomb Wing, 

Georgia ANG at Robins AFB to the “bone yard” at Davis-Monthan AFB, 

Arizona. The 116th was preparing to merge with the Air Force’s 93rd Air Control 

Wing (ACW) to become the 116th ACW, the Air Force’s first “blended wing,” 

and fly the E-8C Joint STARS battlefield surveillance jet.995

30 September 2002. Lt. Gen. Daniel James, III, ANG Director, told reporters 
125

that, because the Air Guard was so heavily tasked by new missions that it 

might have to refuse some missions to maintain its strength for the future.996

17-18 October 2002. Astronaut and former Indiana Air Guard Flight 

Surgeon David A. Wolf was launched into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle 

Atlantis (STS-112) to participate in an International Space Station assembly 

mission. It was his third space flight.997

October 2002. The 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia ANG, began 

flying members of Congress and other government officials around the world 

on the unit’s two newly-acquired C-40 transports, a military version of Boeing’s 

737 airliner.998

2 December 2002. Lt. Gen. Daniel James III, the Air Guard’s Director, 

unveiled his transformational strategy known as “VANGUARD” in Denver, 

Colorado at the ANG’s annual Senior Leadership Conference.999

7 December 2002. An aviation package from the Pennsylvania ANG’s 111th

Fighter Wing, including six A-10 aircraft, deployed to Bagram AB, Afghanistan 

for approximately five weeks for Operation Enduring Freedom. Elements of the 

175th Wing, Maryland ANG, deployed as well.1000

26 February 2003. Thomas F. Hall, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve 

Affairs, announced that there would be a “rebalancing” of missions between 

the active duty and reserve components of the U.S. armed forces because of the 

high demands being placed on the latter.1001

2 March 2003. Approximately 300 members of the 118th Airlift Wing, 

Tennessee ANG, were mobilized to serve at an undisclosed location in a 

possible war against Iraq.1002

17 March 2003. The last Operation Northern Watch mission was flown from 

Incirlik AB, Turkey.1003

17 March 2003. President George W. Bush issued an ultimatum giving 

Saddam Hussein and his sons 48 hours to leave Iraq,1004

20 March 2003. Conventional US and coalition ground forces began invading 

Iraq. The war was named Operation Iraqi Freedom.1005

25 March 2003. Maj. Gregory L. Stone, Idaho ANG, died of his injuries two 

days after a U.S. Army soldier allegedly threw a grenade into his tent in 

Kuwait. Stone was serving as an air liaison officer with the Army’s 101st

Airborne Division.1006
126

29 March 2003. SSgt. Jacob Frazier, a member of the Illinois ANG’s 169th Air 

Support Operations Squadron, died when his four-vehicle reconnaissance patrol 

was ambushed in southern Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom. 

He was the first Air Guardsmen to be killed in action against enemy forces 

since the Vietnam War.1007

29 March 2003. As of this date, the ANG had flown 72 percent of Operation 

Noble Eagle’s fighter sorties, 52 percent of its tanker sorties, and 35 percent of 

its airlift sorties.1008

29 March 2003. As of this date, the ANG had flown 24 percent of Operation 

Enduring Freedom’s fighter sorties, 21 percent of its tanker sorties, and 6 

percent of its airlift sorties.1009

15 April 2003. The total number of Air Guardsmen serving in mobilized status 

following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States peaked 

at 21,011.1010

1 July 2003. LTG H Steven Blum, USA, Chief, NGB, announced that 

effective this date the Bureau would operate as a joint military headquarters. 

Several new NGB joint staff elements became operational with his 

announcement.1011

30 July 2003. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld signed a memo to the 

Chief, NGB directing the Bureau to examine ways to make the organization 

and the entire National Guard more relevant and accessible in the current 

national security environment.1012

1 December 2003. Col. Linda McTeague assumed command of the 113th

Wing, District of Columbia Air National Guard. She was the first woman to 

command an ANG wing.1013

17 December 2003. In a ceremony at its Long Beach, California plant, Boeing 

delivered the first of eight brand new C-17 Globemaster IIIs to the Mississippi 

ANG’s 172nd Airlift Wing.1014

27 February 2004. On this date, the 107th Fighter Squadron, Michigan ANG, 

deployed ten F-16C aircraft on their AEF rotation to Iraq for Operation Iraqi 

Freedom. They were the first F-16 unit in the total Air Force to operate from 

Kirkuk AB, a former Iraqi Air Force installation. They employed the Theater 

Airborne Reconnaissance System pod that had been developed by the ANG 

in actual combat conditions.1015
127

12 March 2004. Col. George T. Lynn, Georgia ANG, Commander, 116th Air 

Control Wing (ACW), was promoted to brigadier general in a ceremony at 

Robins AFB, Georgia. The 116th ACW was the first and only blended active 

duty Air Force/ANG wing in the USAF.1016

March 2004. Detachment 1, Headquarters Nevada Air National Guard was 

established in March 2004 with the intent of developing it into the Air 

Guard’s first Predator associate unit.1017 

2 May 2004. The Tennessee ANG’s 164th Airlift Wing in Memphis phased out 

the last C-141 (tail number 60157) in the ANG inventory during a ceremony at 

its home station. The aircraft’s call sign was “Elvis 73.” The unit was slated to 

receive C-5s.1018

5 May 2004. Two C-130s from the California Air Guard’s 146th Airlift Wing, 

equipped with the Modular Airborne Firefighting System, dropped 21,600 

gallons of fire-retardant on Santa Barbara County’s Cachuma fire.1019

21 May 2004. The Alaska ANG officially took over the operation of Clear Air 

Force Station and its early warning radar from the Air Force during a 

ceremony attended by seven general officers including Gen. Lance Lord, 

Commander, Air Force Space Command, and Lt. Gen. Daniel James, III, ANG 

Director.1020

16 July 2004. Retired Maj. Gen. Charles Sweeney, 84, a former commander of 

the Massachusetts ANG, died. During World War II he piloted the B-29 that 

dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki.1021

27 October 2004. Maj. Gen. Marvin “Scott” Mayes, Alabama ANG, assumed 

command of the Continental United States NORAD Region and First Air Force 

at Tyndall AFB, Florida.1022

17 November 2004. Gen. John P. Jumper, Air Force Chief of Staff, testified 

before the House Armed Services Committee that “There’s nothing in any of our 

plans that reduces the manpower of the Air National Guard. That’s point No. 1. 

We will be asking the Air National Guard to transition into more modern 

missions, along with the active duty. These more modern missions will include 

different things, like space operations, information operations, command and 

control, unmanned air vehicles.”1023

24 November 2004. The Secretary of the Air Force and the Air Force Chief 

of Staff signed a letter that directed MAJCOM commanders to provide plans 

no later than 17 January 2005 to test key initiatives for more closely 

integrating Guard and Reserve assets into active duty units and 
128

operations.1024 

30 November 2004. Headquarters, U.S. Air Force approved an Air Guard 

request to establish the 170th Operational Support Squadron, Nebraska ANG. 

It would become an ANG associate unit of the Air Force’s 55th Wing. The 

latter conducted a wide variety of global reconnaissance, intelligence, 

information operations, command and control, presidential support, treaty 

verification, training, and airlift missions from its home station at Offutt 

AFB, Nebraska.1025

1 December 2004. Air Force officials announced that Virginia ANG pilots 

from the 192nd Fighter Wing at Richmond would be partnering with pilots from 

the Air Force’s First Fighter Wing to train on the F/A-22 Raptor, the service’s 

newest fighter aircraft The Raptor was scheduled to deploy to Langley AFB in 

May 2005.1026

10 & 13 December 2004. Members of the Rhode Island ANG’s 143rd Airlift 

Squadron flew to Southwest Asia from their home station with their new C130J-30 transports. It was the first time that the C130J-30 had been deployed 

by U.S. military forces to support combat operations in Afghanistan and 

Iraq.1027

17 December 2004. Air Force officers and their French hosts held a ceremony 

at Istres, France marking the end of 10 years of U.S. Air Force refueling 

operations for NATO operations in the Balkans from that base. The last Air 

Force personnel and KC-135E aircraft were expected to leave Istres before the 

month’s end. Air Guardsmen had played a major role in those operations.1028

December 2004. The Air Guard participated in Operation Unified 

Assistance, a multinational effort to deliver relief supplies and personnel to 

coastal areas in Southeast Asia after the region was devastated by a tsunami 

on 26 December 2004. At least one ANG aircraft – a C-5A from the 105th

Airlift Wing from Stewart Air National Guard Base, New York – took part in 

the massive airlift which ended in February 2005.1029

1 January 2005. The 170th Operational Support Squadron, Nebraska ANG, 

was activated at Offutt AFB, Nebraska. It was an associate unit of the Air 

Force’s 55th Wing that was headquartered at Offutt AFB, Nebraska1030

9 March 2005. In a letter to Gen. John P. Jumper, the Air Force Chief of 

Staff, the President of the Adjutant Generals Association of the United States, 

Maj. Gen. David P. Rataczak, Arizona ARNG, stressed that problems existed 

with the Air Force’s Future Total Force (FTF) initiative “that could be very 

detrimental to the National Guard to the point of irreversible deterioration. . . . 
129

the FTF initiative seems to focus on accelerated reductions of current weapons 

systems located predominantly in the Air National Guard and the relocation of 

ANG units to active duty bases.”1031

23 March 2005. The Air Force took delivery of its final E-8C Joint STARS 

aircraft. It was the seventeenth production model of the aircraft - all of which 

were assigned to the blended ANG/USAF 116th Air Control Wing at Robins 

AFB, Georgia.1032

11 April 2005. An aircrew from the Maryland Air Guard’s 175th Wing made 

the first short field, dirt airstrip landing during an operational mission with a 

C-130J in the United States Central Command area of operational 

responsibility. The exact location of the landing at an air base in Southwest 

Asia was not disclosed.1033

13 May 2005. The Department of Defense (DOD) released its recommended 

list of bases for realignment and closure to the Base Realignment and Closure 

Commission. It recommended closing nearly 180 installations across the DOD 

and, if approved as written, would have a major impact on ANG installations, 

force structure, and modernization programs.1034

28 July 2005. Col. Larry Gallogly, commander of the Rhode Island ANG’s 

143rd Airlift Wing, lauded the performance of two of his unit’s C-130Js and 

four crews to the Middle East during a 120-day deployment (10 December 2004-

8 March 2005). While deployed, they flew 625 sorties and logged 1,371 hours 

moving 7,031 passengers and 1,151 cargo pallets to locations in Iraq and 

Afghanistan plus a few trips to the Horn of Africa.1035

27 August 2005. The 159th Fighter Wing, Louisiana ANG, evacuated its F15 Eagle aircraft from home station because of the approach of Hurricane 

Katrina.1036

28 August 2005. The ANG Crisis Action Team, located at the Air National 

Guard Readiness Center, Andrews AFB, Maryland, directed all Air Guard 

units affected by Hurricane Katrina to initiate their hurricane relocation 

plans.1037

29 August 2005. The ANG deployed 50 of its medical personnel to the Joint 

Reserve Base, New Orleans, Louisiana to establish an Expeditionary 

Medical Support (EMEDS) facility.1038

30 August 2005. An aircrew and C-17 from the 172 Airlift Wing, 

Mississippi, flew the Air Guard’s first Hurricane Katrina relief mission. It 

lasted three days.1039
130

30 August 2005. The ANG deployed 23 more of its medical personnel to 

Joint Reserve Base, New Orleans, Louisiana, to help operate an 

Expeditionary Medical Support facility.1040

30 August 2005. The National Guard Bureau reported that 840 Air Guard 

personnel were on state active duty for Hurricane Katrina.1041

30 August 2005. Air Guardsmen made 600 rescues one day after Katrina 

made landfall on the Gulf Coast, 100 by helicopter and 500 by pararescue 

specialists in ZODIAC boats.1042

30 August 2005. An estimated 7,500 National Guardsmen were on duty along 

the Gulf Coast of the United States supporting civil authorities 24 hours after 

Hurricane Katrina battered that region.

1043

August 2005. ANG units participated in a Total Force effort to rescue seven 

Russian sailors after their mini-sub became tangled in a fishing net 625 feet 

below the surface. A C-17 Globemaster III assigned to the Mississippi Air 

Guard’s 172nd Airlift Wing flew non-stop from New Orleans NAS to Russia 

carrying 95,000 pounds of equipment and personnel. Two KC-135s from the

Alaska ANG also supported the operation. Ultimately, the Russian sailors 

were rescued by a British submarine on 8 August 2005.1044

2 September 2005. The ANG Crisis Action Team at Andrews AFB, 

Maryland reported that Air Guard airlifters had flown 389 sorties, 

transporting 4,409 passengers and 1,605 tons of cargo in a single day 

supporting Hurricane Katrina relief efforts.1045

3 September 2005. In a preliminary account, the Air Guard reported that it 

had flown 785 sorties that delivered 12,854 passengers and 39,013 tons of cargo 

during its first three days of Hurricane Katrina relief operations. During that 

same period, Air Guardsmen reported that they had saved 600 human lives 

using helicopters and small boats.1046

4 September 2005. Air Guard pararescue specialists saved 538 human 

lives in one day. This was the highest single day total of saves by ANG rescue 

assets during the Hurricane Katrina relief operation.1047

4 September 2005. During their first 3 days of Hurricane Katrina relief 

operations, Air Guard aircrews had flown 785 sorties, transporting 12,854 

people and 39,013 tons of cargo.1048

5 September 2005. LTG H Steven Blum, USA, Chief, NGB, requested that 
131

the Secretary of Defense authorize National Guardsmen participating in 

Hurricane Katrina recovery efforts under Emergency Management Assistance 

Compacts between states be placed on Title 32, US Code orders for periods no 

longer than 179 days. He also asked that that authority have an effective date 

of 29 August 2005. If approved, that authorization would provide federal 

funding for those Guardsmen’s’ service.1049

7 September 2005. The Air Directorate, NGB reported that ANG C-130s had 

flown their first Hurricane Katrina relief missions on 30 August 2005. It added 

that 351 ANG C-130 Katrina relief missions had been sourced from 30 August 

through 7 September 2005, an average of 39 per day.1050

15 September 2005. President George W. Bush endorsed the Base 

Realignment and Closure Commission’s plan to close 22 major military bases 

while reconfiguring 33 others and sent it to the Congress.1051

16 September 2005. Beginning on 30 August, the Air Guard had deployed 

seven RC-26B aircraft and nine crews from 8 states to assist in Hurricane 

Katrina relief operations in the Gulf Coast region. During 17 days of 

operations, they flew 297.9 hours in support of those relief operations.1052

16 September 2005. The National Guard Bureau reported that Air Guard 

Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS) personnel had treated over 11,000 

patients since they deployed to the Gulf Coast region to participate in 

Hurricane Katrina relief efforts. In some remote areas, they provided the 

only operational medical facilities available to civilians.1053

19 September 2005. Air Guardsmen began flying disaster response air 

support missions in preparation for the expected landfall of Hurricane Rita 

on the Texas coast.1054

21 September 2005. Hurricane Rita, packing 165-mph winds and destructive 

power equal to that of Hurricane Katrina that had devastated the Gulf Coast 

region earlier that summer, tracked through the Gulf of Mexico toward costal 

areas of Texas and Louisiana.1055

23 September 2005. Air Guard transports flew 27 sorties airlifting 257 

passengers and 90 tons of cargo in Hurricane Rita relief operations.1056

23 September 2005. The Deputy Secretary of Defense approved federal 

funding, retroactive to 20 September 2006, for using the National Guard in 

Title 32, US Code status to support Hurricane Rita disaster relief efforts.1057

26 September 2005. President George W. Bush sought to federalize 
132

hurricane-relief efforts, removing state governors from the decision-making 

process as a result of lessons learned from the federal government’s widely 

criticized response to Hurricane Katrina. He suggested that the Defense 

Department should be placed in charge of responding to natural disasters, 

terrorist attacks, and outbreaks of disease.1058

30 September 2005. The National Guard Bureau reported that 350 members 

of the Indiana Air Guard’s 181st Fighter Wing and 12 of their F-16s had 

deployed to Kadena AFB, Okinawa in early September to fill in for an active 

duty Air Force F-15 squadron that had been sent elsewhere as part of the Bush 

administration’s “global war on terrorism.”1059

29 November 2005. From 30 August 2005 through this date, the Air Guard 

had flown 4,132 airlift sorties in relief efforts after hurricanes Katrina and Rita 

devastated parts of the southeastern US. It had airlifted 34,639 passengers 

and carried 11,496 tons of cargo during those relief efforts. In addition, its 

transports had evacuated 2,046 patients from the region. ANG combat 

controllers in helicopters evacuated another 23,604 endangered people in 

Louisiana and Mississippi and moved them to local safe havens.1060

24 January 2006. The Air Guard announced that over 400 members of 

Indiana’s 122nd Fighter Wing had arrived at Ballad Air Base, Iraq. They had 

deployed 12 F-16s and some 35 pilots to that installation.1061

26 February 2006. Governors from both the Democratic and Republican 

political parties complained at the annual winter meeting of the National 

Governors Association that the Bush administration’s policies were stripping 

the National Guard of equipment and personnel needed to deal with natural 

disasters and other emergencies at home.1062

27 February 2006. The Air Force publicly unveiled its initial plan for Total 

Force Integration - Phase II, that provided for closer integration of Guard and 

Reserve assets with the active duty force.1063

15 May 2006. In a prime-time televised speech from the Oval Office, President 

George W. Bush said that he would send 6,000 National Guardsmen to the 

porous U.S.- Mexican border beginning the next month to help staunch the flow 

of illegal immigrants into the nation from south of that international boundary. 

Guardsmen would provide intelligence, surveillance, and logistical assistance to 

the U.S. Border Patrol during the next two years but not law enforcement 

duties.1064

20 May 2006. Maj. Gen. Craig R. McKinley, a Florida Air Guardsman, was 

promoted to lieutenant general and assumed the post of ANG Director on this 
133

date.1065

3 June 2006. 55 Utah National Guardsmen were sent to the Arizona-Mexico 

border on this date. They were expected to begin operations supporting the U.S. 

Border Patrol by June 5th. The entire National Guard mission to strengthen 

border security, directed by President George W. Bush, was known as 

Operation Jump Start.1066

15 June 2006. The first Arizona Guardsmen working under President George 

W. Bush’s plan for the National Guard to strengthen border security began 

arriving at that state’s boundary with Mexico.1067

8 July 2006. Lt. Col. Steve Hopkins, USAF, took command of the Air Force’s 

new 30th Airlift Squadron in a ceremony within a Wyoming ANG hangar at 

Cheyenne. The Air Force unit would be under the operational control of the 

Wyoming Air Guard’s 153rd Airlift Wing and share the latter’s C-130 

transports. The 30th would be attached administratively to Little Rock Air 

Force Base’s 463rd Airlift Group in Arkansas. The 30th was the first unit of its 

kind associated with the ANG.1068

4 August 2006. Following a Unit Compliance Inspection (UCI) by personnel 

from the Air Force Inspection Agency, the Air National Guard Readiness 

Center at Andrews AFB, Maryland received an overall “Excellent” rating. Five 

of its eight inspection areas were rated “Outstanding.”1069

16 August 2006. A ribbon-cutting ceremony at McConnell AFB, Kansas 

opened the ANG’s newest and largest intelligence facility. The $7.4 million 

center housed the Kansas Air Guard’s 161st Intelligence Operations Group.1070

25 August 2006. The Air National Guard Readiness Center at Andrews AFB, 

Maryland was renamed “Conaway Hall” after retired Lt. Gen. John B. 

Conaway, a former Chief of the National Guard Bureau and a former Director 

of the Air National Guard. He had been instrumental in having the center 

built in the early 1980s.1071

12 September 2006. The National Guard Association of the United States 

urged its 45,000 members to lobby against legislative proposals from the Bush 

administration that would permit the president to federalize National 

Guardsmen during serious disasters without first consulting state 

governors.1072

28 November 2006. The Kentucky Air National Guard announced the 

creation of the 123rd Contingency Response Group in Louisville. It was the 

first rapid air base construction unit to be formed within the ANG. Its mission 
134

was to open runways. Load and unload aircraft planes, provide security, and to 

create conditions that would enable follow-on forces to operate a successful 

airfield.1073

28 November 2006. The Air Guard formally established its first unitequipped MQ-1 Predator unit at March Air Reserve Base, California when the 

163rd Air Refueling Wing was redesignated the 163rd Reconnaissance Wing.1074

3-4 January 2007. A C-130 and Airmen from the Colorado Air National 

Guard began dropped hay to starving cattle near Lamar, Colorado. A blizzard 

had isolated the animals on ranches in that area. Augmenting the ongoing 

work of Colorado Army National Guard helicopters, the C-130 hay drops were 

conducted from the aircraft’s rear cargo door normally at 500 feet above ground 

depending on the terrain.1075

10 January 2007. The first of eight C-21 executive transports arrived at 

Hector Airport, North Dakota. They were intended to serve as a bridge 

mission for the North Dakota Air Guard’s 119th Fighter Wing between the 

time it relinquished its F-16s due to the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure 

process and 2010 when the unit was expected to obtain the proposed new 

Joint Cargo Aircraft. The 119th was also slated to obtain Predator unmanned 

aerial vehicles as it lost its fighter aircraft.1076
135

NOTES

 

1 Rene J. Francillon, The Air Guard (Aerograph 2, undated), p.11; Charles J. 

Gross, The Air National Guard and the American Military 

Tradition,(Washington, DC: National Guard Bureau, 1995), p. 26.

2 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 11.

3 Article (U), 1st Lt. Luther L. Walker, DC ANG, “A Coming of Age: Aviation 

in the Army National Guard,” The National Guardsman, July 1971, p. 5. 

4 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 12; Article (U), Sylvia Ronzone, Public 

Information Office, California National Guard, “The National Guard sprouts 

its Wings,” The National Guardsman, January 1954, pp. 2-3.

5 Article (U), Ronzone, “The National Guard sprouts its Wings,” p. 3.

6 Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p. 5.

7 Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p.5.

8 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 12; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 27.

9 Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p. 6.

10 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 13; Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the 

Army National Guard,” p. 6.

11 Article (U), “A Coming of Age: Aviation in the Army National Guard,” p. 6.

12 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 14.

13 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 30.

14 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15.

15 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15; Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 30, 

31.

16 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15.

17 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 15.

18 Allan R. Millett and Peter Maslowski, For The Common Defense. Revised 

And Expanded, (New York City, NY The Free Press, 1994), p. 348.

19 Charles J. Gross, Prelude To The Total Force: The Air National Guard, 

1943-1969, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, U. S. Air Force, 

1985), p. 2. 

20 Gross, American Military Tradition, p 31.

21. Juliette A. Hennessy, The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 

1917, (Air Force Historical Study No. 98, Maxwell AFB, AL U.S. Air Force 

Historical Division, Research Studies Institute, Air University, 1958), pp. 131-

134, 183-187; Henry Greenleaf Pearson, A Business Man in Uniform: Raynal 

Cawthorne Bolling, (New York: Duffield & Co., 1923), pp. 66-84.

22 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35; Dr. Daniel L. Haulman and 

Col. William C. Stancik, USAFR, Editors, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits: 

World War I, World War II, Korea, And Vietnam, (United States Air Force 

Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, AL, 1988), pp. 6-7, 16, 17, 28.

23 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 29-30.

24 Haulman and Stanick, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p. 17; Gross, 

American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35.
136

 25 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35; Haulman and Stanick, Air 

Force Aerial Victory Credits, p. 17.

26 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 35-36.

27 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 34-35; Haulman and Stanick, Air 

Force Aerial Victory Credit, p. 28.

28 Maurer Maurer, Aviation In The U.S. Army, 1919-1939, (Washington, 

D.C.: Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, 1987), p. 94; 

Charles J. Gross, American Military Aviation: The Indispensable 

Army,(College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, Third Printing 

2006), p. 56.

29 Article (U), “National Guard Air Units,” Washington Post, 

11 February 1920, p 6.

30 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17.

31 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17.

32 Col. Ron Ball, Executive Editor, The Maryland Air National Guard: A 

Commemorative History, 1921-2000, (Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Co., 

2000), p. 25. 33 Gross, American Military Tradition, p 37.

34 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17; Maurer, Aviation In The U.S. Army, p. 95; 

Maryland Air National Guard, p. 31.. 35 Rene J. Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, (London: 

Aerospace Publishing Ltd, 1993), p. 22.

36 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 22.

37 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 39.

38 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

39 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

40 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 37-

38.

41 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17.

42 Capt. Tim Childers, Editor, Tennessee ANG, Blackwood Field To Berry 

Field, 1921-1986, (Dallas, TX; Taylor Publishing Co., 1986), p. 23.

43 Rpt (U), Militia Bureau, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief Of The Militia 

Bureau, [FY] 1922,” Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1922, p. 

34.

44 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 17; Col. Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, 

p. 35. 45 Maurer, Aviation In The U.S. Army, p. 95.

46 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

47 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

48 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

49 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

50 Col. Carl D. Jensen, CANGR, and CMSgt. Edward W. Burton, 

CANGR, Flying Yankees: A History of the Connecticut Air 

National Guard, (Connecticut ANG, 1973), p 2.
137

 51 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

52 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

53 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

54 Article (U), “Sham Air Battle Above Times Square Thrills Thousands,” New 

York Times, 14 June 1925, p. 1.

55 Lt. Col. Paul S. Ritchie, Project Officer, Aces and Airships: 60th

Anniversary, 141st Air Refueling Wing, Washington Air National Guard, 

(Spokane, WA: Washington ANG, 1983), p. 23; Gross, American Military 

Tradition, pp 36-37. 56 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

57 Rpt (U), Militia Bureau, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief Of The Militia 

Bureau [FY] 1926,” Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1926, p. 

69.

58 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

59 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 21.

60 Colorado Pride, p XX. 61 Rpt (U), Militia Bureau, “Annual Report of the Chief Of The Militia Bureau 

[FY] 1927,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1927, pp. 3, 77; Arkansas Air 

National Guard, From Jennies To Jets; 50th Anniversary, 1925-1975, 154th

Observation SQ., (Lear Siegler, Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, circa 1975), 

p. 4.; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 25, 104; Article (U), 

“Another Flood That Stunned America,” U.S. News & World Report ,undated, 

http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/050912/12leadall.b.htm. 62 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 35-36, 39-40, 55-56; Chart (U), 

“USAF Recipients of the Medal of Honor,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p. 

90.

63 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 19, 21. 

64 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 21-22; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 

40.

65 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

66 Article (U), “Picks Plane Designs For National Guard,” 

New York Times, 25 august 1927, p. 4, DOC 2007-1. 67 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 40.

68 Article (U), “Curtiss Gets Army Order,” New York Times, 26 October 1927, 

p. 20; Francillion, United States Air National Guard, p. 183.

69 Colorado Pride, pp. 38-39; Article (U), AP, “Threat of 

Troops Quiets I.W.W. Strike,” New York Times, 30 October 

1927, p 2; “Police Turn Machine Guns on Colorado Mine 

Strikers, Killing 5 and Wounding 20,” New York Times, 22 

November 1927, p 1.

70 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 22-23.

71 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 

p. 26.

72 Maj. Robert E. Hall, et. al., A History: 181st Tactical Fighter Group, 
138

 

Indiana Air National Guard, 1921-1986, (Terre Haute, Indiana: 181st TFG, 

Indiana ANG, undated), pp. 13-14.

73 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 44.

74 Robert L. Daugherty, Weathering The Peace: The Ohio National Guard in 

the Interwar Years, 1919-1940, (Dayton, OH: Wright State University Press, 

1992), p. 124 and endnote 60 on p. 124. 75 Daugherty, Weathering The Peace, pp. 124-125.

76 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp 44-45; Lt Col 

John F. Shiner, Foulois And The U.S. Army Air Corps, 1931-

1935, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, United 

States Air Force, 1983), pp 125-149.

77 Lt. Col. John F. Shiner, USAF, Foulois And The U.S. Army Air Corps, 

1931-1935, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, United States Air 

Force, 1983), pp. 125, 132, 148; Rpt (U), National Guard Bureau, Subj.: 

“Annual Report Of The Chief of the National Guard Bureau, [FY] 1934,” 

Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1934, p. 12.

78 Capt Childers, Blackwood Field To Berry Field, pp. 43-44.

79 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 42.

80 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 24; Francillon, United States Air National 

Guard, p. 201.

81 Hall, A History: 181st Tactical Fighter Group, pp 14,16; Article (U), 

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, “Ohio River flood of 1937,” 13 December 

2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937.

82 Childers, Blackwood Field To Berry Field, p.48.

83 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 24; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 

pp. 28, 187.

84 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 24-25.

85 Rpt (U), National Guard Bureau, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief of the 

National Guard Bureau, [FY] 1938,” Washington, D.C.: United States 

Government Printing Office, 1938, p. 26; Article (U), 146th Airlift Wing, 

California Air National Guard, “North American 0-47,” 

https://www.146aw.ca.ang.af.mil/aircraft.htm. 86 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 25.

87 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19; Francillon, United States Air National Guard,

p. 26.

88 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

89 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 27-31.

90 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

91 Francillon, Air Guard, P. 19.

92 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

93 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

94 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

95 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

96 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.
139

 97 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 19.

98 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 28.

99 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 53.

100 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 31, 89.

101 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 31-32.

102146th Tactical Airlift Wing, VANGUARD/50: The 146th Tactical Airlift 

Wing, Fiftieth Anniversary, 1924-1974, (Van Nuys, CA: 146th Tactical Airlift 

Wing, 1974), p.54. 

103 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 32.

104 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

105 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 32.

106 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 33,122.

107 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 33; Chambers, American 

Military History, p. 658.

108 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 32.

109 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 55-56.

110 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 36.

111 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 33; Chambers Francillon, 

Air Guard, p. 36., American Military History, p. 343.

112 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 36.

113 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 33. 114 Colorado Pride, pp 63, 66, 215.

115 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 34-35.

116 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

117 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 35.

118 VANGUARD/50, p. 61.

119 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

120 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 34-35.

121 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 35.

122 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

123 MSgt Ernest J. Vardalas, Headquarters Illinois ANG, and TSgt Melvin M. 

Bytnar, 126th Air Refueling Wing, Illinois ANG, Illinois Air National Guard: 

Fiftieth Anniversary, 1927-1977, (Headquarters, Illinois ANG, First Edition, 

August 1978), p. 96.

124 Rpt (U), Major Michael D. Soule, Michigan ANG, Subj.: “The Unit History 

of the 107th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Michigan Air National 

Guard, October 1940 To November 1945,” Maxwell AFB, AL. Air Command 

and Staff College, Report No. 2390-78, April 1978, p. 40.

125 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 35.

126 Haulman and Stanick, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p. 295; Col. Ball, 

The Maryland Air National Guard, p. 46.

127 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

128 Rpt (U), 102nd Military History Detachment, Kansas ARNG, “The 

Jayhawk Squadron: The History of the 127th Observation Squadron, 1941-
140

 

1945,” Topeka, KS.: Kansas ARNG, 24 January 1982, pp. 19-21. 

129 Biography (U), Subj.: “Captain Donald J. Strait: 365th Fighter Group Ace,” 

undated, http://www.acepilots.com/usaaf_strait.html; Article (U), “Air Force 

Magazine’s Guide to Aces and Heroes,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p.80. 

130 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 34.

131 Brian Dexter Fowles, A Guard In Peace And War: The History of the 

Kansas National Guard, 1854-1987, (Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University 

Press, 1989), p. 128; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 125.

132 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1946, Washington, DC.: USGPO, undated, p. 80; 

Study (U), Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-PAI-H, "Air National Guard 

Headquarters: A Brief Organizational History," 18 June 1999, p. 1.

133 Gross, Prelude, p. 19.

134 Gross, Prelude, p. 19.

135 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), Richard F. McMullen, “The Air National Guard 

In Air Defense, 1946-1971,” Air Defense Command Historical Study No. 38, 

undated, p.1, info used was (U).

136 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 2, 

info used was (U).

137 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 62.

138 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 4, 

info used was (U).

139 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 40, 110; Gross, Prelude, 

p 22.

140 Colorado Pride, p 215.

141 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 130-131. 142 Article (U), Lt. Col. Jack L. Baum, Aviation Group, NGB, “They Guard 

Our Skies, The National Guardsman, February 1948, p. 5.

143 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 166; Joe Foss with 

Donna Wild Foss, A Proud American: The Autobiography of Joe Foss, (New 

York: Pocket Books, 1992), pp. 192—196, 205, 210, 264; Maj. Daniel M. 

Hacking, South Dakota ANG, South Dakota Air National Guard, 1946 to 

1986, (Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Company, undated), p. 18.

144 Douglas R. Hartman, Nebraska’s Militia: The History of the Army and Air 

National Guard, 1954-1991, (Nebraska Military Department, Virginia Beach, 

VA: The Donning Co., 1994), p. 172.

145 Article (U), "The Air Force in Facts and Figures," Air Force Magazine, May 

1999, pp. 41, 103.

146 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 40.

147 Hartman, Nebraska’s Militia, p. 176.

148 Gross, "ANG Headquarters," p. 1.

149 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 9, 

info used was (U).

150 Article (U), ”In the Spotlight,” The National Guardsman, March 1949, p. 
141

 

26. 

151 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Report of the Chief National Guard Bureau Fiscal 

Year Ending 30 June 1949,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1950, p. 52; Colorado 

ANG, Colorado Pride: A Commemorative History, 1923-1988,(Dallas, TX: 

Taylor Publishing Co., 1989), p. 76; Article (U), “Missions Of Mercy,” The 

National Guardsman, March 1949, pp. 6-10, 25.

152 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 66.

153 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 40.

154 U.S. Congress, House, “Hearings Before The Appropriations

Subcommittee On Department of Defense Appropriations For [FY] 1951 –

Part 3. Department Of The Air Force, February 7, 1950 – February 17, 1950,” 

81st Congress, 2nd Sess., (Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1950), p. 1672.

155 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1949,” Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1951, 

p.22.

156 Article (U), “States Set Up Air Staff Sections,” The National Guardsman,” 

January 1950, p. 29.

157 Monograph (U), Richard F. McMullen, “The Air National Guard in Air 

Defense, 1946-1971,” (Ent AFB, CO: ADC Historical Study No. 38, undated), 

p. 11. 

158 Article (U), “States Set Up Air Staff Sections,” The National Guardsman, 

January 1950, p. 29.

159 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 13, 

info used was (U).

160 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 68-69, note #52.

161 Article (U), “Guardsmen Pegged for Air Force’s Highest Level,” The 

National Guardsmen, March 1950, p. 32.

162 Article (U), “Guard Plays Major Role In USAF Gunnery Meet,” The 

National Guardsman, May 1950, p. 15.

163 Gross, Prelude, p. 58. 164 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Report, Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year

1950,” pp. 22-23.

165 Gross, Prelude, p. 63; Major Robert C. Ritchie, Washington ANG, "History 

of the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron -- 1951-1952," Student Report No. 

84-2170, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, AL, Mar 1984, p. 1.

166 Robert Frank Futrell, The United States Air Force in Korea, 1950-1953, 

Revised Edition, (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, United States 

Air Force, 1983), p. 111.

167 Hist (U), CONAC, July - December 1950, p. 239.

168 Lt. Col. Donald L. Armstrong and Col. James S. Long, Editors, Kentucky 

Air National Guard, 1947-1977: Mustangs To Phantoms, (Kentucky ANG, 

1977), p. 48.

169 Gross, Prelude, p. 62.
142

 170 ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Historical 

Archives.

171 Memo for Record (U), Col. Floyd E. Evans, Chief, NG Div./AFCRF, 

Subject: “Mobilization of the Air National Guard,” 3 April 1951, COS (RG 

341), AFCRF (1951), 300.61, National Archives.

172 Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, pp 48-50.

173 Gross, American Military Tradition, p 197; Article (U), Ellard Walsh, 

NGAUS President, “In Memoriam: Major General Earl T. Ricks,” The 

National Guardsman, February 1954, p. 5, DOC 2006-26, Air National 

Guard Running Chronology (RUN CHRON). 174 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952" p. 2.

175 Memo for Record (U) Col. Floyd E. Evans, USAF, Chief NG Div., Office, 

SA/RF, Subj.: “The Air National Guard,” 8 February 1951, RG 341 (300.61), 

National Archives, p. 2.

176 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 148.

177 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 2.

178 Gross, Prelude, p 63.

179 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 2.

180 Memo For Record, Evans, “The ANG,” 8 February 1951.

181 Gross, Prelude, p 63.

182 Gross, Prelude, p. 64; Paper, NGB, Subject: "Data Concerning Air National 

Guard Units Called Into Active Military Service," undated, in "Korean War -

ANG" File, NGB-PAI-H Archives, Air National Guard Unit Data Cards, ANG 

Historical Archives, NGB-PAH.

183 Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," p. 4.

184 ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Archives; 

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp 211-212; Richard F. 

McMullen, “Air National Guard In Air Defense,” ADC Historical Study No. 

38, p. 19; Memo For Record (U), Col. Evans, “Mobilizing the ANG,” 3 April 

1951.

185 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 103; Memo For Record, 

Col. Evans, “Mobilizing The ANG,” 3 April 1951.

186 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 111.

187 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 111.

188 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 162.

189 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 121.

190 Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," p. 6.

191 Transcript (U), AGAUS Annual Meeting, 26-27 February 1951, Part II, p.

282, National Guard Association of the United States (NGAUS), Library. 192 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 104.

193 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 176.

194 ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Historical 

Archives.

195 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 166.
143

 196 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 108.

197 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 158.

198 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 167.

199 ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAH, Air National Guard Historical 

Archives.

200 Douglas R. Hartman, Nebraska's Militia: The History of the Army and Air 

National Guard, 1854-1991, (Virginia Beach, VA; The Donning Co., 1994), p. 

181.

201 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 167.

202 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 127.

203History (U), 136th FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, pp 1-2; Francillon, United 

States Air National Guard, p 44.

204 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 145.

205 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," pp 8-9.

206 Gross, Prelude, p. 59.

207 Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," pp 11-13.

208 David R. McLaren, Republic F-84, Thunderjet, Thunderstreak, & 

Thunderflash: A Photo Chronicle, (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military/Aviation 

History, 1998), p 113.

209 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 160.

210 Paper (U), "ANG Units Called Into Active Military Service;" Sgt. Oscar F. 

Jesperson, Editor, Thirty Years: The History Of The Utah Air National 

Guard, 1946-1976, (Utah, ANG, 1977), p 14; ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG 

Historical Archives, NGB-PAI-H.

211 McLearn, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

212 History (U), 136th FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, p 2.

213 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 111.

214 History (U), 136th FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, pp. 3-6; Gross, Prelude, 

69; History (U), 136th FBW, July 1951, p i, Francillon, United States Air 

National Guard, p 168.

215 History (U), 136th FBW, 1 April - 30 June 1951, p 14.

216 TSgt Lori Hellis, Oregon ANG, Editor, Guardians of the Pacific Northwest: 

Oregon Air National Guard, A Commemorative History, 1941-1991, (Oregon 

ANG, Taylor Publishing Co., 1990), p 25.

217 Gross, Prelude, p 86.

218 Ritchie, "116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 9.

219 Memo (U), Maj. Gen. R. M. Ramey, USAF, Director of Operations, 

DCS/Operations, HQS USAF, to Col., Frank T. McCoy, Jr., Deputy For 

Civilian Components, Subject: Mobilized ANG Units, 25 June 1951, Box 880, 

SAF (340), Correspondence (324.5 to 325), National Archives.

220 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 45.

221 Gross, American Military Tradition, p 79.

222 News Item (U), Air Reserve Forces Review, November 1951, p 4.

223 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: CNGB, Rpt, FY 1951, p.27.
144

 224 History, 136th FBW, July 1951, p i.

225 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 99.

226 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 12.

227 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 112.

228 Futrell, The USAF In Korea, pp 401-402; McLearn, Republic F-84 Photo 

Chronicle, p 114.

229 McLearn, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

230 Futrell, U.S. Air Force In Korea, p 402; Francillon, United States Air 

National Guard, pp 45-46; McLaren, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

231 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

232 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 129.

233 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 120.

234 Paper, "ANG Units Into Active Military Service," Air National Guard Unit 

Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

235 Gross, Prelude, pp 77-78.

236 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," pp 21-22.

237 Paper, "ANG Units Into Active Military Service," Air National Guard Unit 

Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

238 TSgt Hellis, Guardians of the Pacific Northwest, p 24.

239 Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

240 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 106; Marcelle Size 

Knaack, Encyclopedia of U.S. Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 

II, Bombers, 1945-1973,(Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978), 

pp 69-86.

241 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 111.

242 Paper, "ANG Units Called Into Active Military Service," Air National 

Guard Unit Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives.

243 Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

244 Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, Chief, Air Division, NGB, “The Post Korea Air 

National Guard,” The National Guardsman, December 1951, pp 12-13.

245 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

246 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 45.

247 Ritchie, "History of the 116th FIS, 1951-1952," p 28.

248 Paper (U), "ANG Units Into Active Military Service," Air National Guard 

Unit Data Cards, Air National Guard Historical Archives. 249 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 45.

250 Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50. 251 Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

252 Hist (U), SAC, July - December 1951, p 14.

253 Robert Hawk, Florida’s Air Force: Air National Guard, 1946-1990, (St. 

Augustine, FL: Florida National Guard Historical Association, 1990), pp 41-

49; McLaren, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114; Gross, American 

Military Tradition, p 80.

254 Hist (U), CONAC, July - December 1951, pp 266-267; General Ricks, 
145

 

“The Post Korea Air National Guard,” pp 12-13.

255 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp 46, 126, 150, 175; Capt. 

John W. Lewis, Information Officer, HQS, 167th Aeromedical Airlift Group, 

WV ANG, 15 January 1970, "History of the 167th Aeomedical Airlift Group, 

15 January 1943 - 31 December 1969," p 9.

256 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 131.

257 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 131.

258 Paper (U), "Data Concerning Air National Guard Units Called Into Active 

Military Service" undated, ANG Korean War File, Korean War (ANG), 

Documents, Drafts, Photo Lists, etc., Hollinger Box, ANG Historical Archives.

259 McLaren, Republic F-84 Photo Chronicle, p 114.

260 Illinois Air National Guard Fiftieth Anniversary, 1927-1977, pp 40-41; 

Hist (U), USAFE, July - December 1952, Volume I, pp 26-27,

261 Armstrong and Long, Kentucky Air Guard, p 50.

262 Colorado Pride, p 216; ANG Oral History (U), Joe C. 

Moffitt, Maj Gen, Colorado ANG (Ret), by MSgt Steven L. 

Stearns, ANGSC/CDH, and SSgt Tom Otto, 140 TFW/HO, 2 

October 1986, p 21,

263 Lt. Col. William T. Bundy, NCANG, and Maj. Billy J. Reid, NCANG, 

History Of The North Carolina Air National Guard, (North Carolina ANG, 

1973), p 11; Lt. Col. Billy J. Reid, NCANG, History of the 263rd Combat 

Communications Squadron, (263rd Combat Communications Squadron, 

NCANG, 1979), p 3; ANG Unit Data Cards for Georgia, NGB-PAI-H 

Archives.

264 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 170.

265 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 176, Air National Guard 

Unit Data Cards, Historical Archives, NGB-PAI-H.

266 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 99.

267 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

268 Orlan J. Svingen, Editor, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, 

(Boise, ID: The Idaho Military Division, 1995), p 112.

269 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 143.

270 Hist (U), CONAC, January-June 1952, p. 175.

271 Illinois Air National Guard Fiftieth Anniversary, 1927-1977, pp 40-41; 

Hist (U), USAFE, July - December 1952, Volume I, pp 26-27.

272 Colorado Pride, p 87.

273 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 176.

274 Col. Carl D. Jenson, and CMSgt Edward W. Burton, Flying Yankees: A 

History of the First Fifty Years Of The Connecticut Air National Guard, 

(Connecticut ANG, 1973), pp 36-37.

275 Haulman, and, Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits , p 759.

276 Brian Dexter Fowles, A Guard In Peace And War: The History of the 

Kansas National Guard, 1854-1987, (Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University 

Press, 1989), p 138; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp 47-48.
146

 277 Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p 51; Study 

(S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 24-25, info 

used was (U).

278 Hawk, Florida's Air Force, pp 51-52; Richard K. Smith, Seventy-Five 

Years of Inflight Refueling: Highlights, 1923-1998, (Washington, DC Air 

Force History and Museums Program, 1998), pp 34-35.

279 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 46.

280 Gross, Prelude, pp 87-88; Charles J. Gross, “Armed Forces Reserve Act 

(1952),” The Oxford Companion To American Military History, (New York, 

NY: Oxford University Press, 1999), p 35.

281 ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAI-H, Air National Guard Historical 

Archives.

282 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 169.

283 Haulman and Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p 757.

284 Air National Guard Unit Data Cards, Historical Archives, NGB-PAI-H.

285 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 163.

286 Svingen, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, p 153.

287 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 143.

288 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 147.

289 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 164.

290 ANG Unit Data Cards, NGB-PAI-H, Air National Guard Historical 

Archives.

291 Haulman and Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, p 763; John 

McCain with Mark Salter, Faith Of My Fathers, (New York, NY: Random 

House, 1999), pp 318-319.

292 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 99-100; News Item (U), 

“Prodigal Sun,” National Guard,” July 1987, p. 47.

293 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 153.

294 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 107.

295 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 161.

296 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

297 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

298 Hist (U), 15th Air Force, July - December 1952, pp 2-3, 110; Francillon, 

United States Air National Guard, pp 48, 159.

299 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives; 116th Air Refueling 

Wing (ARW), Aces and Airships: 60th Anniversary, 141st Air Refueling Wing, 

Washington Air National Guard, (Spokane, WA.: 141st ARW, 1983), pp 64-

69.

300 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 154.

301 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

302 Francillon, United States National Air Guard, p 49; Svingen, History of 

the Idaho National Guard, pp 110-111.

303 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 116.

304 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.
147

 305 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 120.

306 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 25-

26, info used was (U).

307 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

308 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

309 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

310 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 51; Gross, Prelude, pp 95-

98; Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 26-

27, info used was (U).

311 Haulman and Stancik, Air Force Aerial Victory Credits, pp. 211, 755.

312 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 192.

313 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

314 Wayne Thompson and Bernard C. Nalty, Within Limits The U.S. Air 

Force and the Korean War, (Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums 

Program, 2000), p. 56; Vance O. Mitchell, Air Force Officers: Personnel Policy 

Development, 1944-1974, (Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums 

Program, United States Air Force, 1996), p 188; ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG 

Historical Archives.

315 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

316 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

317 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives.

318 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives; Mitchell, Air Force 

Officers, p 188.

319 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 199.

320 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 29-

30, info used was (U).

321 ANG Unit Data Cards, ANG Historical Archives,\. 322 Article (U), “In Memoriam: Major General Earl T. Ricks,” DOC 2006-26, 

RUN CHRON. 323 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

324 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 203.

325 Article (U), “Speed Flight Kicks-off ANG Recruiting Drive,” The National 

Guardsman, February 1954, p. 2.

326 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “ The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p 33, 

info used was (U); Gross, Prelude to the Total Force, pp 116-117.

327 Francillon, Air Guard, pp. 53-54; Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air 

National Guard In Air Defense,” p. 31, info used was (U).

328 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp. 31-

32, 35, info used was (U).

329 Article (U), Maj. Corb Sarchet, DC ANG, “The Air Guard’s Airlift . . . 

Anywhere, Anytime” The National Guardsmen, January 1966, p. 11. See also 

NGAUS Proceedings, 1954 Annual Convention.

330 Colorado Pride, p. 93.

331 Article (U), Gary Gault, NGB-PAH, “Proud Pioneer,” The On Guard, 
148

 

February 2000, p. 15; Article (U), Maj. Roger Pharo and TSgt. John 

Carothers, 177th Fighter Wing, New Jersey ANG, “On the Leading Edge of 

History: The Story of 1st Lt. Thomas Williams,” Contrail, Vol. XXXII, No. 2, 

February 1999, pp. 1, 6-8.

332 Article (U), Washington Report,” The National Guardsman, January 1955, 

p. 9.

333 Article (U), “Washington Report,” The National Guardsman, January 

1955, p. 9; Hist (U), 14th Air Force, 1 July 1954 - 30 June 1955, Supporting 

Document (not numbered).

334 Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p.106; Charles J. 

Gross, Ph.D., Adapting The Force Evolution of the Air National Guard’s Air 

Mobility Missions, (Arlington, VA: NGB-PAI-H, 1999), pp. 10-11.

335 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj,: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1955,” Washington, DC.: USGPO, 1956, p.27.

336 News Item (U), “Guard Speeds Salk Shots,” The National Guardsman, 

June 1955, pp. 27-28.

337 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report, Chief, National 

Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1963,” undated, p 8; Rpt (U), 

NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief National Guard 

Bureau Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1957,” (Washington, DC: 

USGPO, 1958), p 44; Document Archive (U), President of the 

United States, “Dwight D. Eisenhower, XXXIV President of 

the United States: 1953-1961, 192 – Statement by the 

President Upon Signing the Reserve Forces Act of 1955, 9 

August 1955, 

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=10335, DOC 

2007-2. 338 Flying Yankees, pp 45-48.

339 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” pp 36, 

41-42, info used was (U); Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National Guard, p. 

69.

340 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 144.

341 Article (U), “Pentagon Paragraphs,” The National Guardsman, August 

1956, p. 13.

342 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1946,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1957, 

p. 35.

343 Article (U), Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, Chief, Air Force Division, NGB, 

“Air National Guard Radar Crews Need Skill, Not Luck, When a Plane Goes 

Down at Sea,” The National Guardsman, June 1958, p. 4.

344 Article (U), CWO John W. Listman, Jr., Virginia Army National Guard 

(Ret.), “Sisters In Arms,” National Guard, March/April 2002, p. 89. 345 Article (U) 2nd Lt. Darin Overstreet, Colorado National Guard, “Air 

Guard’s first, only demo team honored,” The On Guard, October 2006, p. 5;
149

 

Table (U), “Secretaries of the Air Force,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p. 

44; Maj. Charles Whitley, Project Coordinator, Colorado Pride: A 

Commemorative History Of The Colorado Air National Guard, 1923-1988, 

(Dallas, TX.: Taylor Publishing Company, 1989), p. 96.

346 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p 45, 

info used was (U).

347 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 144.

348 Email (U), CMSgt David P. Anderson, NGB-PAI-H, to Charles Gross, 

NGB-PAI-H, Subj.: “FW: ANG P-51 Mustang,” 9:19 AM, 4 October 2006, 

DOC 2006-18, RUN CHRON. 349 News Item (U), “ANG Gets Atomic Testing,” The National Guardsman, 

January 1958, pp. 24-25.

350 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1957,” Washington, DC.: 1958, p. 39.

351 Article (U), “Washington Report,” The National Guardsman, July 1957, p. 

13.

352 Article (U), Sarchet, “The Air Guard’s Airlift . . .,” p. 12.

353 147th Fighter Group (AD), Texas ANG,"A History of the Air National 

Guard Jet Instrument School," undated, pp 7-9.

354 Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, pp. 137, 187.

355 Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p. 200.

356 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1958,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1959, 

p. 50.

357 William J. Watt and James R. H. Spears, Editors, Indiana’s Citizen 

Soldiers: The Militia and National Guard in Indiana History, (Indianapolis, 

IN: The Indiana State Armory Board, 1980), p 155.

358 Monograph (U), Donna L. Clark, William Tell” United States Air Force 

Air Force Air-To-Air Weapons Meet,” (Langley AFB, VA: ACC Office of 

History, Second Edition, September 1994), p. 10; Gross, The Air National 

Guard and the American Military Tradition, p. 89.

359 Article (U), “First with the Falcon,” The National Guardsman, August 

1959, pp.4-5; Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, pp. 134, 202.

360 News Item (U), “ANG Unit Trains at Canaveral,” The National 

Guardsman, May 1959, p. 24.

361 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Of The Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year Ending 30 June 1959,” Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1960, 

p. 50.

362 Article (U), “The Air Guard’s first, only demo team honored,” The On 

Guard, October 2006, p. 5; Colorado Pride, pp. 100-101.

363 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 57.

364 Colorado Pride, p. 101.

365 Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, p. 192.
150

 366 News Item (U), “Air Guard Gets Demonstration Role,” The National 

Guardsman, October 1959, p. 9.

367 Article (U), “Guard Shows Firepower, Saves Dollars,” The National 

Guardsman, February 1960, p. 12.

368 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p. 2; Oral History (U), Maj. Gen. Winston P. 

Wilson, ANGUS (Ret.), by Charles J. Gross, 17-18 December 1978, AFLC 

Oral History No. 19, pp. 9-11; Article Sarchet, “The Air Guard’s airlift . . . ,” p. 

12; Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

369 News Item (U), “Troops Feed Snowbound Livestock,” The National 

Guardsman, February 1960, pp. 21-22; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report 

of the Chief National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1960,” undated, p. 23.

370 Gross, Prelude, p. 64; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p 59; 

Article (U), Col. W.D. McGlasson (Ret.), “Anywhere, Anytime in a C-97,” 

National Guard, September 1985, pp. 28,29.

371 Article (U), “Operation Ice Box,” The National Guardsman, May 1960, 

p.13.

372 Gross, Prelude, p. 116; Chart (U), “Secretaries of the Air Force, Air Force 

Magazine, May 2006, p. 44.. 373 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 193; Photo Caption (U), 

Subj.: SC ANG F-104 Starfighters, The National Guardsman, April 1960, p. 

23.

374 Article (U), “January-March Brings ‘Big Swap’ to ANG; 104s DeliveredF102s, C123s On The Way!,” The National Guardsman, May 1960, p. 14.

375 Colorado Pride, pp 106-107, 111.

376 News Item (U), “Ski Planes Deliver Supplies,” The National Guardsman,” 

August 1960, p. 26.

377 News Item (U), “Ski Planes Deliver Supplies,” The National Guardsman, 

August 1960, p. 26.

378 Article (U), “Texas Gets Air Guard’s First F 102s,” The National 

Guardsman, August 1960, p. 18.

379 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 181.

380 Warren Trest and Donald Dodd, Wings of Denial: The Alabama Air 

National Guard’s Covert Role At The Bay of Pigs, (Montgomery, AL: New 

South Books, 2001), p.19; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 

98.

381 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 100, 188.

382 Maj. Gen. John Pershing Jolly, Adjutant General of New Mexico, History, 

National Guard of New Mexico, 1606-1963,(Santa Fe, New Mexico, 30 

September 1963), p 132; Article (U), “Out Of A Clear Blue Sky,” The National 

Guardsman, June 1961, p. 3.. 383 Trest and Dodd, Wings of Denial, pp.11, 13, 134

384 Rpt (U), Lt. Col. Archie J. Berberian, NY ANG, Command-Sponsored 

Research Fellow, Airpower Research Institute (ARI), Subj. “Return of the 

Strategic Minuteman,” Research Report No. AU-ARI-88-2, (Air University 
151

 

Press, Maxwell AFB, AL, December 1989), p. 4.

385 "A History Of The Air National Guard Jet Instrument School," p. 9; 

Article (U), “Only All-Air Guard School Shuts Down,” The National 

Guardsman, October 1961, p. 16.

386 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 89; . Francillon, United States Air National 

Guard, pp. 61, 119. 387 News Item (U), “Guardsmen Train Chinese Fliers,” The National 

Guardsman, July 1961, p. 25.

388 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 119.

389 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p.60.

390 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 91.

391 News Item (U), “Operation Hook-Up,” The National Guardsman, 

November 1961, p. 40.

392 TSgt. Paul W. Cook, III, Through Airmen’s Eyes: An Introduction to the 

Enlisted History and Heritage of the Air National Guard, (Arlington, VA: 

NGB-PAH, undated), p. 34.

393 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 91.

394 Gross, American Military Tradition, p 91.

395 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 60; Gross, American 

Military Tradition, pp. 90-91; Monograph (U), Royce E. Eckwright, “Air 

National Guard Deployment To USAFE Area,1961-1962” USAFE Historical 

Division OI, December 1962, p. 17.

396 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 60; Eckwright, “Air 

National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” p. 32-33.

397 News Item (U), “Air Defense Command’s Other Arm,” The Air Reservist, 

March 1962, p. 9.

398 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1962,” p.37.

399 News Item (U), “Dover to Vietnam,” The Air Reservist, December 1962, 

.13; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 149.

400 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1962,” p. 77.

401 Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 84-85.

402 Article (U), Lt. Col. Allan R. Scholin, HQ DC ANG, “New Tasks for Air 

National Guard Mobile Communicators,” The Air Reservist, 

September/October 1962, p. 5.

403 Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 83-84; 

Charts( U), “USAF Leaders Through the Years,” Air Force Magazine, May 

2006, p. 44. 404 Maj. James M. Doran, Editor-in-Chief, Delaware Air 

National Guard, 1946-1986, (New Castle, Delaware: 166th TAG, 

1986), p. 67.

405 Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 83-85; 

Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 60, 103, 165, 167.
152

 406 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

407 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 60, 103, 165, 167; 

Eckwright, “Air National Guard Deployment To USAFE,” pp. 83-85

408 News Item (U), “Air Guard Opens Radar School,” The National 

Guardsman, November 1962, p. 12.

409 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 61-62; Berberian, 

“Strategic Minuteman,” p. 8.

410 Article (U), Major James Elliott, “Mission to Kabul Takes 97 Crew Around 

the World,” The National Guardsman, January 1963, pp. 69.

411 News Items (U), “You Ought to know,” The National Guardsman,

November 1962, p. 13.

412 Gross, Prelude, p. 147.

413 News Item (U), “Aircraft Markings,” The Air Reservist, February 1963, p. 

10.

414 Biographical Sketch (U),”USAF Major Robert A. Rushworth, Maine’s First 

U.S. Astronaut,” 3 August 1963, Astronaut File, ANG Historical Archives; 

Biography (U), Air Force Link, Subj.: “Major General Robert A. Rushwoth,” 

undated, http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6993. In a 17 November 2006 

telecon with Dr. Roger L. Launius, Chief of Space History at the 

Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Charles J. Gross, Chief 

of ANG History in the NGB learned that NASA does not recognize Air Forcegranted astronaut wings. According to the international convention which 

NASA adheres to, space begins at 60 miles above the earth’s surface not 54 

miles.

415 News Item (U), “Constellations for Air Guard,” The Air Reservist, July 

1963, p. 6.

416 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp.106, 130, 162, 164, 174.; 

News Item (U), “Four Groups Get ‘Air Commando’ Designation,” The 

National Guardsman, August 1963, p. 2.

417 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal 

Year 1964,” undated, p. 64.

418 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 62, 98, 112, 137-138; 

Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1964,” pp. 63-64. 419 News Item (U), “Changing the Guard,” The National Guardsman, August 

1963, p. 23; Article (U), “Gen Wilson New Chief, NGB,” The National 

Guardsman, October 1963, pp. 7, 9.

420 Clark, “William Tell,” pp. 21-25.

421 Paper (U), NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston Texas, Subj.: 

Biographical Data: Russell L. Schweickart (Mr.), NASA Astronaut, July 1968; 

Paper (U), NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, Subj.: 

Biographical Data: Russell L. Schweickart, NASA Astronaut (Former), 

undated, http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/schweickart-rl.html; 

Biography (U), Subj.: “Biog – Russell L. Schweickart, Astronaut,” 31 
153

 

December 1963, Astronauts (ANG) File, ANG VIPs Box, ANG Historical 

Archives.

422 Article (U), Major W. D. McGlasson, “Suitcase Air Force – Air Guard 

Style,” The National Guardsman, February 1965, p.6; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: 

“Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1964,” p. 

64.

423 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1964,” p. 64.

424 News Item (U), “ ‘Eventual’ Air Guard-Reserve Merger OK’D ‘In 

Principle’,” The National Guardsman, March 1964, p. 32. 

425 Article (U), “Guardlift I,” The National Guardsman, October 1964, pp. 7-

15.

426 Article (U), Capt. Dempsey A. Anderson, Alaska ANG, “Air Guard 

Responds Rapidly to Alaska Crisis,” The Air Reservist, May 1964, pp. 3-4.

427 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1965,” undated, p. 53; Article (U), “New Pep for OLD 

Tankers,” The National Guardsman,” November 1964, p. 36; Francillon,

United States Air National Guard, pp. 118, 178; Gross, American Military 

Tradition, pp. 115-116 .

428 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 144, 204.

429 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1964,” p. 61.

430 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986 – CY 1991, pp. 50-51, info used was (U).

431 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1964,” undated, p.17.

432 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 93-94.

433 Rpt (U), NGB. Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1965,” undated, p. 16.

434 Article (U), “Disaster In The Northwest . . . The Guard Was There!,” The 

National Guardsman, February 1965, pp. 19-20.

435 Article (U), “Space-Age Air Guardsmen Track Satellites for USAF,” The

National Guardsman, December 1964, p. 32.

436 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 87-88; Article (U), “One Reserve 

Force: The Air National Guard,” The National Guardsman,” February 1965, 

p.16.

437 Article (U), Donald W. Coble, NGB, “They called it ‘Highland Fling’, “ The 

National Guardsman, June 1965, pp. 8-12.

438 Article (U), “Guardlift II,” The National Guardsman, October 1965, pp. 15-

20.

439 Gross, Prelude, , p. 148; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 

156; Francillon, Air Guard, p. 59; Berberian, “Return of the Strategic 

Minuteman,” p. 9.

440 News Item (U), “ ‘Talking Bird’ Flies To Dominican Crisis,” The National 

Guardsman, June 1965, p. 38.
154

 441 News Item (U), “Air Guard Gets Last of TAC’s ‘Thunderstreaks’,” The 

National Guardsman, July 1965, p. 15. 442 Colorado Pride, p 126.

443 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. 136, info used was (U).

444 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal 

Year 1969,” undated, pp. 43-44; Francillon, United States Air National 

Guard, p. 62; Chronology (U), HQ MAC/HO, “Military Airlift Command, 

Aeomedical Chronology, Southeast Asia (1964 – 1968),” undated, p. 2; Gross, 

Adapting The Force, p. 26.

445 News Item (U), “ ‘Peaking’ Units Reach For Higher Readiness,” The 

National Guardsman, October 1965, p. 20.

446 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal 

Year 1966,” undated, p.53; Email, AFHSO, Subject: This Date in Aerospace 

History, 18 October 2006. This message provided the 18 October 1965 date 

for the deployment of the 107th TFG, NY ANG, to Hawaii to participate in an 

exercise, This was the first time an ANG tactical unit did so to the Pacific for 

a peacetime training exercise. 

447 Gross, Adapting the Force, p. 27.

448 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, pp.136-137, info used was (U).

449 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 4; Gross, Adapting The Force, p.28.

450 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. 136, info used was (U).

451 News Item (U), “Ex-Guardsman To Be Astronaut,” The National 

Guardsman, May 1966, p. 38.

452 Article (U), “The Peaceful Invasion,” The National Guardsman, August 

1966, p. 38.

453 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal 

Year 1966,” undated, p. 55.

454 Article (U), “ ‘Volunteers’ Double Field Training To Ease MAC’s Viet Nam 

Aeromed Load,” The National Guardsman, June 1966, p. 13.

455 News Item (U), “Air Transport Units Take Over USAF Routes,” The 

National Guardsman, October 1966, p. 26; Article (U), A1C Timothy R. 

Hutchens, “Operation Combat Leave,” The National Guardsman, September 

1966, pp. 28-29.

456 News Item (U), “Governors Notified Three MAC Units To Stay,” The 

National Guardsman, November 1966, p. 16.

457 News Item (U),”Air National Guard’s ‘positive day-to-day contributions’,’ 

The Air Reservist. December 1966/January 1967, p.4. 

458 Article (U), Richard Sanderson, Chief, IO, GEEIA, “ ‘Fast Race’ Entered 

and Won,” The Air Reservist, February 1967, pp. 8-9; Cook, Through Airmen’s 

Eyes, p. 43.

459 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau,

Fiscal Year 1967,” untitled, p 13.

460 Study (S/RD/NOFORN), “The Air National Guard In Air Defense,” p 74, 

info used was (U).
155

 461 News Item (U), “Air Guard C124s Make First Runs To Vietnam,” The 

National Guardsman, May 1967, p. 27.

462 Gross, Mobility Milestone, p 5.

463 News Item (U), “Kansas Train USAF Aircrews And Ethiopian Airman,” 

The National Guardsman, April 1967, p. 16.

464 News Item (U), “Air Guard Flies 1000th Mission To Viet Nam,” The 

National Guardsman, August 1967, p. 20.

465 Article (U), MSgt. William F. Armocida, Pennsylvania ANG, “The Air 

National Guard NCO Academy,” The National Guardsman, October 1967, p. 

16; News Item (U), “Air Guard Academies Evolve Into Permanent 

Institution,” The National Guardsman, April 1968, p. 31.

466 Gross, Adapting The Force, pp. 28-29.

467 Article (U), “Alaska National Guardsmen Aid In Flood Disaster,” The 

National Guardsman, October 1967, p. 30; Article (U), Capt. Mike 

Hershberger, “Flood Busters, Inc.,” The Air Reservist, October 1967, pp. 6-7. 468 Article (U), “Guard’s Airlift Curtailed: ‘Associate’ Concept Advanced,” The 

National Guardsman, August 1967, p. 20.

469 News Item (U), “Puerto Rico ANG Flies Venezuela Mercy Missions,” The 

National Guardsman, October 1967, p. 33.

470 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 162; Gross, Adapting The 

Force, p. 30; Lt. Col. Christopher T. Cleaver, Public Affairs Officer, PA ANG, 

Editor, Guardians in Blue: Pennsylvania Air National Guard’s Golden 

Legacy,(Pennsylvania ANG, undated), p. 19.

471 News Item (U), “The ‘Can Do’ Spirit,” The Air Reservist, February 1968, p. 

9.

472 News Item (U), “Texas Guardsmen Busy In ‘Beulah’s’ Wake,” The 

National Guardsman, November 1967, pp. 40-41.

473 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1968,” undated p. 59.

474 Colorado Pride, pp 128 217.

475 News Item (U), “Ex-Air Guard Chaplain Wins Medal Of Honor,” The 

National Guardsman, February 1970, p. 33.

476 News Item (U), “Guardsmen From Four States Aid Snowbound Areas,” 

The National Guardsman, February 1968, pp. 32-33.

477 Gross, Prelude, p. 156.

478 Biography (U), Ohio ANG, Subj.: “Major General Errol H. Zistel, July 16, 

1895-January 25, 1968,” Errol H. Zistel File, ANG VIPs, ANG Historical 

Archives. 479 Article (U), Donald W. Coble, “Our Man In Headquarters,” The National 

Guardsman, February 1968, p.4.

480 News Item (U), “Guard Back In ‘Airlift Business’ In Wake of Troop 

Deployment,” The National Guardsman, March 1968, p. 12; News Item (U), 

“ANG Airlft Units Pinch-Hit Again For MAC,” The National Guardsman, 

April 1968, pp. 29-30.
156

 481 Gross, Prelude, p. 158; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 

65-66, 161, 214.

482 Col, Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, pp. 89, 96. 483 Article (U), “Civil Disturbances: The Aftermath ...or the Intermission,” 

The National Guardsman, June 1968, pp. 8, 12.

484 Rick Mitchell, A History of the District of Columbia Air National Guard, 

(Andrews AFB, MD: DC ANG, October 4, 1996, Final Edition), p.60.

485 Gross, Prelude, pp. 158-159; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 

pp. 65, 214.

486 Gross, Prelude, pp. 158-159.

487 News Item (U), “Four Air Guard Airlift Units Get One-Year ‘Stay of 

Execution’,” The National Guardsman, May 1968, pp. 24-25.

488 Colorado Pride, p 132.

489 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Report, Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 

1968,” p. 43; Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995 – CY 1997, p. 187; News Item (U), “Air 

Guard Academies Evolve Into Permanent Institution,” The National 

Guardsman, April 1968, p. 31.

490 Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National Guard, pp. 89, 90-91.

491 Hist (S/RD/NOFORN), Aerospace Defense Command, Fiscal Year 1969, p. 

87, info used was (U).

492 News Item (U), “Air Guard Opens Ranks For ‘WAF-ANG’ In July,” The 

National Guardsman, March 1968, p. 13.

493 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 65; Maj. LeRoy H. Meyer

(Ret.), Editor, The Story of the 184th/127th Kansas Air National Guard, 

McConnell AFB, Wichita, Kansas, 1941-1986,(McConnell AFB, KS: 184th

TFG, Kansas ANG, n.d.), pp. 130-131.

494 Gross, Prelude, pp. 164-165; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 

pp. 66, 104.

495 Hist (S/RD/NORFORN), Aerospace Defense Command, Fiscal Year 1969, 

p. 87, info used was (U).

496 Hist (S/RD/NOFORN), Aerospace Defense Command, Fiscal Year 1969, p. 

88, info used was (U).

497 News Item (U), “Air Guard Fighter Pilots Deploy World-Wide,” The 

National Guardsman, July 1968, p. 14; News Item (U), “First Air Guard 

‘Deuce’ Pilots Join Active AF In ‘Palace Alert’,” The National Guardsman, 

August 1968, p. 9.

498 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. 136, info used was (U).

499 Gross, Prelude, pp. 164-165; Francillon, United States Air National 

Guard, pp. 66, 141.

500 Colorado Pride, p 217. 501 Rpt (U), NGB. Subj.: “Annual Report, Chief, National 

Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1969,” undated, p 17.

502 Gross, Prelude, pp. 164-165; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, 

pp. 66, 126-127.
157

 503 News Item (U), “First Three Air Guard WAF Complete Basic Training,” 

The National Guardsman, April 1969, p. 36.

504 Article (U), “Air Guard Astronaut,” The National Guardsman, May 1969, 

pp.18-19.

505 Colorado Pride, p 217.

506 News Item (U), “Illinois Air Refuelers Haul Hospital Unit To Bermuda,” 

The National Guardsman, March 1969, p. 35.

507 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 66.

508 Meyer, The Story of the Kansas Air National Guard, pp. 136-137.

509 Gross, Preludee, pp. 159-160.

510 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 214.

511 Article (U), “ ‘a Palace’ or two,” The National Guardsman, October 1970, p. 

33.

512 Article (U), “The Guard vs. ‘Camille’. . . Massive Response to Nature’s 

Destructiveness,” The National Guardsman, October 1969, pp.14-19.

513 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 197.

514 News Item (U), “ ‘Palace Alert’ Draws 100-Plus Air Guard Pilots,” The 

National Guardsman, December 1969, p. 38. 515 Colorado Pride, p 149.

516 Article (U), “From Fighters To Trainers: The Hot Outfit,” The Air 

Reservist, May 1970, pp. 10-11.

517 News Item (U), “New Aircraft, Missions Keep Air Guard’s Status,” The 

National Guardsman, March 1970, p. 25; Francillon, United States Air 

National Guard, pp.120,159,178.

518 Article (U), “When The Guard Carried The Mail,” The National 

Guardsman, May 1970, p.26; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, 

National Guard Bureau Fiscal Year 1970,” undated, p. 26.

519 News Item (U), “Two Air Guardsmen In APOLLO XIII,” The National 

Guardsman, May 1970, p 22; Roger D. Launius, NASA: A History of The U.S. 

Civil Space Program, (Malabar, FL.: Krieger Publishing Co., 1994), p. 91.

520 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197; Pamphlet (U), Julius 

Rothstein, NGB-PA, “The History of the National Guard Bureau,” undated, p. 

10; Rpt (U), NGB-PA, Subj.: “Annual Report Chief, National Guard Bureau 

Fiscal Year 1970,” undated, p. 65. 521 Francillon, Air Guard, p. 86; Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National 

Guard, p. 116; Hist (FOUO), CY 1998 – CY 2000, p. 30, info used was (U). 522 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 14;

523 Article (U), “ ‘a Palace’ or two,” The National Guardsman, October 1970, 

p.33.

524 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 162 Gross, Air National 

Guard, p. 99; Cook, Through Airmen’s Eyes, p. 47.

525 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp.113-115. 

526 Article (U), Maj. Ari Grant, Information Officer, 157th Military Airlift 

Group, “Air Guardsmen ‘Steal The Show’ In ‘William Tell’70’ “, The National 
158

 

Guardsman, December 1970, p. 30.

527 Article (U), “ ‘Clay Pigeons’ for the Army,” The National Guardsman, 

July 1971, p. 17.

528 News Item (U), “First Air Guard WAF Graduated From OTS,” The 

National Guardsman, December 1970, p. 39.

529 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1971,” undated, p. 52.

530 News Item (U), “New Jersey Guardsmen Fly Clothing To Indians,” The 

National Guardsman, April 1971, p. 31.

531 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 196.

532 Kondratiuk, “ANG Airlift,” p. 6; Article (U), “Creek Guardlift” The 

National Guardsman, August-September 1971, p. 30 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual 

Report, Fiscal Year 1972, Chief, National Guard Bureau,” undated, pp. 54-55.

533 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1973,” p. 48.

534 Article (U), “Largest ANG Base,” The Air Reservist, August/September 

1971, p. 7.

535 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1972,” undated, pp. 61,87.

536 Draft Chapter II (U), “Volunteers,” Post Cold War History of the ANG, p. 

65.

537 Draft Chapter II (U), “Volunteers,” Post Cold War History of the ANG, p. 

65.

538 Article (U), “Air Guard Gets Workout over Turkey,” The National 

Guardsman, January 1972, p. 8.

539 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 195.

540 News Item (U), “Minnesota Air Guard Trains Spanish Airmen,” The 

National Guardsman, March 1972, p. 38.

541 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p.182; Photo Caption (U), 

Subj.: First F-106 In ANG Service, The National Guardsman, June 1972, p. 

37.

542 Cook, Through Airmen’s Eyes, p. 61.

543 Memo (U), Lt. Col. D. A. McLaughlin, USAF, Actg Deputy Chief, Air 

Compt., Div., To NGB/CF, , Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 

74),” 23 December 1974, w/Atch Paper (U), “ANG Significant Events For The 

Period 1 Jan 1972 To 31 Dec 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON; Rpt (U), 

NGB, “Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1972, Chief, National Guard Bureau,” p. 

53; Article (U), “The War Against Water,” The National Guardsman, 

August/September 1972, pp. 2-9, 48. 544 Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., Mobility Missions: An Air National Guard 

Chronology, (Washington, DC: NGB-PAH, September 1996), p. 14.

545 News Item (U), “Air Guard Graduates First F-105 Class,” The National 

Guardsman, July 1972, p. 36.

546 News Item (U), “Air Guard Teams Win At ‘William Tell 72’ “, The National 
159

 

Guardsman, November 1972, p. 44; Clark, William Tell, pp. 39-43.

547 News Item (U), “Air Guard’s Last B-26 Given To Smithsonian,” The 

National Guardsman, December 1972, p. 38.

548 Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON; News Item (U), “Aerospace 

Defense Command Changes ‘Displace’ ADC-Gained Air Guard Units,” The 

National Guardsman, October 1972, p. 13.

549 News Item (U), “ANG Mercy Flights Aid In Managua Earthquake,” The 

National Guardsman, February 1973, p. 30; Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force 

History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN 

CHRON. 550 Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON. 551 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 184.

552 Chart (U), “Secretaries of the Air Force,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p. 

44; Photo caption (U), The National Guardsman, May 1969, p. 22.

553 News Item (U), “Goodbye To The Gooney,” The National Guardsman, 

October 1973, p. 18; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 185.

554 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 115.

555 News Item (U), “ ‘Total Force’ No Longer Is ‘Concept” ; It’s ‘Policy’, Says 

Schlessinger,” The National Guardsman, October 1973, p 22.

556 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, Appendix A, Lineage and Honors 

Data, pp. 220-221, info used was (U).

557 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 194; Memo (U), Subj.: 

“U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 December 1974, DOC 

2006-25, RUN CHRON . 558 News Item (U), “ANG Weapons-Loaders Win ADC Competition,” The 

National Guardsman, November 1973, p. 32.

559 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986-CY 1991, p. 51, info used was (U).

560 Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON. 561 Memo (U), Subj.: “U.S. Air Force History (Your ltr, 16 Dec 74),” 23 

December 1974, DOC 2006-25, RUN CHRON; Francillon, United States Air 

National Guard, pp. 124, 194.

562 Article (U), Col. Arnold Lacy, 178th TFG Commander, “Xenia Tornado –

The Air Guard Was There,” The Air Reservist, June 1974, pp. 8-9.

563 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

564 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp.124, 171, 194.

565 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1975,” undated, p. 50.

566 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 185; Email (U), CMSgt 

David P. Anderson to Charles J. Gross, NGB-PAI-H, Subj.: “FW: Last ANG 

C-124s,” 20 September 2006, 9:51 AM, DOC 2006-17, RUN CHRON.
160

 567 Clark, William Tell, pp. pp. 45-47; Article (U), “Air Guard Sweeps 

Interceptor Contest,” The National Guardsman, December 1974, pp. 2-9.

568 News Item (U), “Win Hughes Trophy,” The National Guardsman, January 

1975, p. 35.

569 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 120.

570 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p. 14; Francillon, United States Air National

Guard, pp. 153, 178; Maj. Vernon Byrd, USAF (Ret.), Passing Gas The 

History of Inflight Refueling, (Chico, CA.: Byrd Publishing Co., 1994), p. 188.

571 Cook, Through Airmen’s Eyes, p. 200.

572 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 146; News Item (U), 

“Green Giant joins ANG,” The National Guardsman, October 1975, p 43,

573 Astronaut Biography (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: 

“Deke Slayton (MR.),” http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/slayton.html; 

Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: 

“Vance DeVoe Brand,” June 2001, 

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/brand_html.

574 News Item (U), “Hercules on skis,” The National Guardsman, July 1975, 

p. 20; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 149.

575 News Item (U), Untitled (Subj.:180th Tactical Fighter Gp.), The Air 

Reservist, March 1976, p. 3; Francillon, The United States Air National 

Guard, p. 152.

576 Article (U), Richard Bocklet, “Air Rescue And Recovery: Air Guard Coastal 

Mission,” National Guard, April 1987, p. 87.

577 Paper (U), Air Force Historical Studies Office, Subj.: “Major George E. 

Day,” undated, https://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/MOHbios/Day.html, DOC 2007-7; Paper (U), Subj.: “George E. ‘Bud’ Day,” 

http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eaglebios/02bios/day02.htm, DOC 2007-8. 578 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p. 15; News Item (U), “Overwater refueling,” 

The National Guardsman, July 1976, p. 3. 579 News Item (U), National Guard, August 1993, p. 20.

580 Fact Sheet (U), “Utilization Of The ANG In A Non-Mobilized Status;” Rpt 

(U), NGB, “Annual Review, Fiscal Year 1976 & TQ [Transitional Quarter], 1 

July – 30 September 1976], Chief, National Guard Bureau” undated, p. 55; 

Ohio ANG, History Of the Ohio Air National Guard, 1927-1988, (Ohio ANG, 

undated), p. 144.

581 Colorado Pride, p 218.

582 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: Annual Review, Fiscal Year 1976 & TQ, Chief, 

National Guard Bureau,” undated, p. 55; Francillon, United States Air 

National Guard, p. 120.

583 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 181.

584 Clark, William Tell, pp. 49-52; Article (U), “The Air Guard Overture,” The 

National Guardsman, January 1977, pp. 2-7.

585 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

586 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, pp. 6-7, info used was (U).
161

 587 News Item (U), The National Guardsman, May 1977, p. 2; Charles J. 

Gross, Mobility Milestones An Air National Guard Chronology, (Washington, 

DC: National Guard Bureau, September 1996), p.15.

588 News Item (U), “ANG sets safety record,” The National Guardsman, April 

1977, p. 8.

589 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1978, p. 98.

590 Article (U), “State active duty: After-action reports on the Guard’s most 

frequent mission,” The National Guardsman, September 1977, p. 10.

591 News Item (U), “Weapons loading,” The National Guardsman, 

October/November 1977, p. 66.

592 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review, Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal Year 

1977,” p. 51; Hist (FOUO), ANG, October-December 1977, p. 62, info used 

was (U); Gross, Adapting the Force, pp. 41-42.

593 Colorado Pride, p 218.

594 News Item (U), “He’s Number One!,” The National Guardsman, March 

1978, p. 30.

595 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1977, Document # 62, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1978, p.

98.

595 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review, Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal Year

1977,” undated, p. 51; Hist (FOUO), ANG, October-December 1977, p. 62, 

info used was (U); Gross, Adapting the Force, pp. 41-42.

used was (U).

596 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1978, pp xix, 130, info used was (U); Gross, 

American Military Tradition, p. 123.

597 News Item (U), “ANG Combat Ready,” The National Guardsman, July 

1978, p. 29.

598 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 8-11, info used was (U); Chart 

(U), “USAF Leaders Through the Years,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p. 

44. 599 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1978, p.156, info used was (U); Gross, American 

Military Tradition, p. 197; Article (U), “Guard honors ‘I.G.’ Brown,” The 

National Guardsman, September/October 1978, pp. 2-3..

600 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1978,” undated, p.49.

601 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 169.

602 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskel, NGB, "Too Busy To Notice," The On Guard, 

January 1999, p 8.

603 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998, pp. 97-98, info used was (U); Hist (U), ANG, 

CY 1986-CY 1990, p. 135.

604 Clark, William Tell, pp.53-57; Article (U), “William Tell * 1978: The ‘T’ is 

for Texas,” National Guard, November 1978, pp. 20-22, 38.

605 Article (U), Lt Col. Tom Beal, 139th TAG, Missouri ANG, “Airlift to 

Guyana,” National Guard, January 1979, pp. 4-7, 39.

606 Article (U), “The Long Harsh Winter of 1979, National Guard, March-
162

 

April 1979, pp. 11-12.

607 Article (U), “Team Spirit 1979,” National Guard, June 1979, pp. 28-29.

608 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, p. 140, info used was (U).

609 Email (U), SMSgt David P. Anderson, NGB-PAH, to Maj. Richard 

Ofcarcik, ANG/LMC, Subj.: “RE: A-10 in the NAG questions,” 16 February 

2006, 3:33 PM, DOC 2006-2, RUN CHRON; Email (U), SMSgt David P. 

Anderson, NGB-PAH, to Charles Gross, NGB-PAH, Subj.: “FW: ANG A-10s,” 

17 February 2006, 7:57 AM, DOC 2006-1, RUN CHRON. 610 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 190; Hist (FOUO), ANG, 

CY 1979, p. 19.

611 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, pp. 6-7.

612 Article (U), “Here Come the [C-130] ‘H’ Models,” National Guard, August 

1979, pp. 18-20; Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, p. 67, info used was (U).

613 Article (U), MSgt Janet A. Wright, Colorado ANG, “Colorado Air Guard 

Assumes New Mission, Gets New Jets,” National Guard, September 1979, p. 

35.

614 Colorado Pride, p 218.

615 Article (U), Jack Cox, “Last Plane Out,” National Guard, March 1983, p. 

29.

616 News Item (U), “PRIME BEEF,” National Guard, July 1979, pp. 31-32.

617 News Item (U), “Tanker Task Force,” National Guard, October 1979, p. 32.

618 Maryland ANG, Maryland Air National Guard, p 116.

619 Colorado Pride, pp 178-179, 218.

620 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 200; Article (U), Allan R. 

Scholin, “Farewll To The F-100’s,” National Guard, January-February 1980, 

pp. 14-17, 37.

621 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1979, p. 115; Article (U), “New York ‘Jolly Greens’ 

Rescue a 9-Man Schooner Crew For a total of 24 Lives Saved in 1979,” 

National Guard, Special Issue 1979 (undated), p. 2..

622 Hist (S/FRD/NOFORN), ADTAC, 1 October 1979-31 December 1980), p 11, 

info used was (U).

623 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1980, p. 77. 

624 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 173.

625 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, pp. 80-81, info used was (U).

626 Article (U), “Texans Expand Their Horizon,” National Guard, June 1980.

627 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, p. xxii, info used was (U); Francillon, United 

States Air National Guard, p. 107; Clark, William Tell, pp. 59-62, Article (U), 

“William Tell’80: Air Guard Dominates Competition,” National Guard, 

January 1981, pp. 15-17, 38-39.

628 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, pp. 79-80. 

629 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1980, pp. xxiii, 86.

630 News Item (U), “Mississippi Gets the H Model,” National Guard, 

November 1980, p. 4; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 137.

631 The Air Reservist, July-August 1983, pp 18-19.
163

 632 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197.

633 Col. Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, p. 139.

634 Article (U), “Arizona Air Guard Unit Deploys to Pacific Theater,” National 

Guard, December 1981, pp. 22-24.

635 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 116.

636 Article (U), Pamela Kane, “The Coming of Age,” National Guard, August 

1981, pp. 8-11. 637 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review, Chief, National Guard Bureau Fiscal 

Year, 1981,” p.53; Donna L. Clark, Gunsmoke: United States Air Force 

Worldwide Composite Force Competition, (Langley AFB, VA.: Air Combat 

Command Office of History, December 1995), pp. 3-7; Article (U), “The 140th

TFW Rides High in the Saddle,” National Guard, December 1981, pp. 10-12.

638 Article (U), Maj. Kirk McManus, “CORONET CRUISE: Sink Ships 

Without Seeing Them,” National Guard, March 1982, pp.29-30.

639 Article (U), “A New Team in the Bull Pen,” National Guard, November 

1981, pp. 20-22.

640 Article (U), “A-10s Set Record,” National Guard, November 1981, p. 33.

641 Article (U), Col. Allan R. Scholin (Ret.), “The National Guard as Part of 

the Rapid Deployment,” National Guard, February 1983, pp. 24-26.

642 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 171, 194.

643 Article (U), “Air Guard Takes NORAD/TAC Contest; 117th TRW Wins 

Photo Finish,” National Guard, February 1982, p. 7.

644 Article (U), Maj. Karl E. Baatz and MSgt Glenn Brendel, Public Affairs 

Section, 122nd Tactical Fighter Wing, “Air Guard to the Rescue In Fort Wayne 

Flood,” National Guard, August 1982, pp. 20-21.

645 Article (U), Dan B. McCarthy, “The Classy ‘E’ Tankers, Pride of the KC135 Fleet,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 32-34.

646 Colorado Pride, p 219.

647 Clark, William Tell, pp.63-69; Article (U), “Splitting the Apple: William 

Tell’82,” National Guard, January 1983, pp. 27-29.

648 Biographical Data (U), NASA, Vance DeVoe Brand, June 2001.

649 Article (U), “States in Double-Trouble Call Out Guard,” National Guard, 

April 1983, p.30.

650 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1982, p. 110.

651 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1982, p. 204.

652 Colorado Pride, p 219.

653 Hist (FOUO), CY 1983, pp. 72-73, info used was (U). 654 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 117; Svingen, The 

History Of The Idaho National Guard, p. 160.

655 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 173.

656 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1983, p. 286, info used was (U).

657 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1983, p. 285, info used was (U); News Item (U), 

“Holt Breaks Ground for Air Guard Support Center,” National Guard, August 

1983, p. 6. Information on Representative Holt’s key role was provided via 
164

 

telecon from Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway (Ret.), former ANG Director and 

former Chief, NGB, to Dr. Charles J. Gross, Chief, ANG History, NGB, in 

August 2006.

658 Clark, Gunsmoke, pp. 9-13; Article (U), Capt. Phyllis E. Phipps, NGB 

Public Affairs,“Gunsmoke’83: Air Guard Flies Off With Maintenance and 

Individual Awards,” National Guard, February 1984, pp. 17-18.

659 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 77; News Item (U), 

“Urgent Fury,” National Guard, May 1984, p. 40.

660 Article (U), “From Fighter Jocks to Astronauts: Guardsmen Take to the 

Heavens,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 16-18, 35; Biographical Data 

(U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: “Byron K. Lichtenberg, 

SC.D., Payload Specialist,” October 2002, 

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lichtenberg-bk.html.

661 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1984, p.263, info used was (U).

662 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 103.

663 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 126.

664 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 157.

665 Biographical Data (U), NASA, Subj.: “Vance Devoe Brand,” June 2001.

666 Web Site (U), 139th Airlift Wing [139th AW], 

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usaf/139aw.htm, undated, 

downloaded 25 September 2006.

667 Article (U), “From Fighter Jocks to Astronauts: Guardsmen Take to the 

Heavens,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 16-18, 35; Biographical 

Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: “Terry J. Hart 

NASA Astronaut (Former),” January 2006, 

http://www.jsc.nsa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/hart-tj.html..

668 News Item (U), “Saunders To Air Guard,” National Guard, May 1984, p. 

41.

669 Article (U), Maj. David Holland, PAO, TX ANG, “Distant Hammer,” 

National Guard, April 1985, p. 55.

670 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1984, p. 266, info used was (U).

671 Colorado Pride, p 219.

672 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, pp. 51-52, info used was (U).

673 Article (U), Maj. William C. Bayne, TN ANG, “Aid To Famine Victims,” 

National Guard, May 1985, p. 39; Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, pp. 82-83, 

Info used was (U). 674 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, pp. 23-25, info used was (U).

675 Francillon, The United States Air National Guard, pp.147-148; Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, p. ix, info used was (U).

676 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, p. 261, info used was (U).

677 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1985, p. 52, info used was (U).

678 Article (U), “From Fighter Jocks to Astronauts: Guardsmen Take to the 

Heavens,” National Guard, September 1983, pp. 16-18, 35; Biographical Data 

(U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Subj.: “John M. ‘Mike’ Lounge 
165

 

NASA Astronaut (Former),” http://www.jsc.nsa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/loungejm.html.

679 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 77.

680 Article (U), “Arizona Air Guard Receives F-16 Falcons For Special 

Mission,” National Guard, April 1986, p. 13.

681 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau 

[FY] 1987,” undated p. 56; Rpt (U), Det. 11, ANGSC, “After Action Report 

Project Creek Klaxon, Ramstein AB, Germany, Det. 11, ANGSC, 1 Apr 1986 

– 1 April 1987,” undated, passim, in ANG Historical Archives, NGB-PAH.

682 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 16.

683 Article (U), Maj. Luther L. Walker, “Coronet Kiowa: Defending the Skies 

of the North Atlantic,” National Guard, October 1986, pp. 28-30.

684 Hist (U), MAC, 1986-1987, pp. 400-403; Article (U), “Best Overall: 145th

Tactical Airlift Group Wins Volant Rodeo,” National Guard, October 1986, p. 

16; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 150.

685 Col. Ball, The Maryland Air National Guard, p. 140.

686 Article (U), Belinda Reilly, “Accepting The Challenge,” National Guard, 

November 1986, p. 20; Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 137.

687 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 100.

688 Article (U), 2d Lt. Pamela Kane, Assistant Editor, “Fargo Leads as Top 

Unit; Portland Claims Top Gun,” National Guard, February 1987, pp. 24-25, 

28; Clark, “William Tell,” pp. 77-81..

689 Svingen, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, p. 161.

690 Article (U), Capt. Jean Marie Brawders, Assistant Editor, “Florida’s 

Fighting Falcons: Chasing Bears From the Keys,” National Guard, June 

1987, p. 26.

691 Article (U), “Navy Goes Guard,” National Guard, September 1985, p. 39; 

Naval Historical Center Home Page (U), “FAQs,” “Frequently Asked 

Questions,” “Secretaries of the Navy, Individuals Serving As,” 

www.history.navy.mil/..

692 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 77.

693 News Item (U), Susan H. H. Young, “C-12 Huron,” in “Gallery of USAF 

Weapons,” AIR FORCE Magazine, May 1990, p. 151; Article (U), “C-12J Rolls 

Out First To The Kansas Air National Guard,” National Guard, November

1987, p. 12.

694 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 8-11, info used was (U).

695 Clark, Gunsmoke, p, 4; Article (U), “Gunsmoke,” National Guard, March 

1988, pp. 24-25.

696 Hist (S/NOFORN), First Air Force, CY 1988, Chapter III, p. 111, info used 

was (U).

697 Gross, Mobility Milestones, p 17.

698 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, pp. 143, 182.

699 Article (U), Capt. Mike Milord, MD ANG, and SSgt. Paula Paige, 105th

MAG, NY ANG, “Hurricane Hell,” National Guard, February 1989, p. 40.
166

 700 Hist (S/NOFORN), First Air Force, 1 January- 31 December 1988, p 92, 

info used was (U).

701 Biographical Data (U), NASA, John M. “Mike” Lounge, March 2003.

702 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 197; Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986-

CY 1991, Appendix B, info used was (U); Biography (U), NGB, Maj. Gen. 

Philip G. Killey, Retired 1 March 2003, DOC 2006-24, RUN CHRON. 703 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 143.

704 Article (U), Maj. Leonid Kondratiuk, NGB, “The National Guard in 

Armenia,” National Guard, March 1989, pp. 19-21; News Item (U), 

“Mississippi C-141 is Second US Aircraft to Assist Earthquake Victims,” 

National Guard, January 1989, p. 18.. 705 Article (U), Belinda Reilly, News Editor, “The 109th TAG Explores New 

Horizons,” National Guard, May 1998, pp. 34-36.

706 Article (U), 106th ARRG, New York ANG, “Shuttle ‘Rescue’,” National 

Guard, January 1989, p. 171.

707 Article (U), Maj. Phyllis Phipps-Barnes, DC National Guard PAO, 

“FLEETEX ’89,” National Guard, June 1989, p. 45.

708 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 157.

709 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 130-131; Article (U), “Supreme 

Court Rejects Dukakis Appeal, Upholds Montgomery Amendment on 

OCONUS Training,” National Guard, June 1989, p. 10. 710 Article (U), 1st Lt. Pamela A. Kane, Managing Editor, “Guard A-7s Fly The 

European Skies,” National Guard, April 1989, pp. 11-17.

711 MFR (U), Col . Donald W. Shepperd, NGB-CF, Subj.: "Meeting Minutes 

[ANG Long Range Planning Steering Committee] - 11 July 1989," 13 July

1989, p 5, SD I-22, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997.

712 Svingen, The History Of The Idaho National Guard, p. 166,

713 Article (U) Maj. Phyllis E. Phipps-Barnes and 1st Lt. Mark Moore, 

“District of Columbia Guard Sits Alert in Iceland,” National Guard, July 

1989, pp. 40-41.

714 Article (U), Capt. Jean Marie Brawders, 175th PAO, MD ANG, “Warthogs 

In Panama,”” National Guard, August 1989, p. 46.

715 Article (U), Capt. Mike Milord, Maj. Jeff Butcher, and SSgt John 

Malthaner, “Air Guard Airlifts Aid To Stricken Areas,” National Guard, 

February 1990, pp. 24-25; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review Of The Chief, 

National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1990,” undated, p.36.

716 Clark, Gunsmoke, pp. 27-32; Article (U), TSgt. Joel Dobbin, “Swamp Foxes 

Swamp Competition At Gunsmoke,” National Guard, January 1990, pp. 14-

17.

717 Article (U), SSG Phil Jordan and SFC Jim Ober, “Guardsmen Reacted 

Quickly to California’s Quake,” National Guard, February 1990, pp. 28-29, 

31; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review Of The Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1990,” undated, p.82.
167

 718 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 132-133; Article (U) Lt. Col. 

Frank J. Adinolfi, CPT Ken MacNevin, 1LT Randell and SSG Jerry Deyo,” 

Operation Just Cause: ‘This Is What We Train For’,” National Guard, March 

1990, pp. 18-19, 21; Article (U), GlobalSecurity.org., “Operation Just Cause,” 

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/just_cause.htm; Francillon, 

United States Air National Guard, p. 163.

719 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1986-CY 2001, p. 135, and Sup Doc III-18.

720 Plan (U), NGB/XOX, "1990 Air National Guard Long Range Plan," 

January 1990, SUP DOC (SD) I-72, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1986-CY 1991, pp 11-

12.

721 Orlan J. Svigen, Editor, The History of the Idaho National Guard, (Boise, 

Idaho: Idaho Military Division, 1995) p. 162.

722 Article (U), Nena Wiley, “Arizona Air Guard Trains Royal Netherlands Air 

Force F-16 Pilots,” National Guard, September 1990, pp. 60-63.

723 Charles J. Gross, PhD., Shield to Storm: The Air National Guard and the 

Persian Gulf Crisis, (Washington, DC: NGB Historical Services, 1995), p. 12.

724 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 12.

725 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 12. 

726 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 15.

727 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 15.

728 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 12; Rpt (U), Thomas A. Keaney and Eliot A. 

Cohen, “Gulf War Air Power Survey: Summary Report,” (Washington, DC: 

USGPO, 1993), pp. 1-3.

729 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 141.

730 Gross, American Military Tradition p. 141.

731 Email (U), Daniel F. Harrington, ACC/HO, to Charles Gross, NGB-PAI-H, 

Subj.: “RAM 90,” 17 November 2006, 10:22 AM, DOC 2006-19, ANG 

Running Chronology (RUN CHRON); Article (U), TSgt Ed Rice, “” ‘High 

Rollers’ Shoot To First Place At RAM’90,” National Guard, November 1990, 

pp. 24-26.

732 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 15.

733 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 25.

734 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 26.

735 Duncan, Citizen Warriors, pp. 49 – 50.

736 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 23.

 737 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. 110.

738 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 13.

739 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 187.

740 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 27.

741 Biographical Data (U), NASA, Subj.: “Vance DeVoe Brand,” June 2001; 

Biographical Data (U), NASA, Subj.: “John M. ‘Mike’ Lounge,” March 2003.

742 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 25.

743 Article (U), Maj. Jean Marie Beall, “Air Guard Communicators Work 

Through the Storm,” National Guard, August 1991, p. 86.
168

 744 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 188-189.

745 Obituary (U), Theodore C. Marrs, White House Aide, Washington Post, 21 

December 1990; Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 113-114. 

746 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 188-189.

747 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 188.

748 Gross, American Military Tradition, p. 187.

749 Gross, American Military Tradition, pp. 153, 188.

750 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 27.

751 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 25.

752 Caption (U), Nation Guard Heritage Painting by Rick Herter, “ ‘High 

Rollers ’Over Kuwait.”

753 Rpt (U), “Gulf War Air Power Survey: Summary Report,” p.ix.

754 Gross, Persian Gulf Crisis, p. 9. 755 Rpt (U), NGB, "Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal 

Year 1992," undated, p. 52.

756 Article (U), SGT Laurence Rogers, NY ARNG, “Facing Challenges,” 

National Guard, October 1993, p. 84; Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. 

Johnson Space Center, NASA, “Charles Lacy Veach,” October 1995, 

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/veach.html.

757 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 103.

758 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, 

National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year, 1991, “ p 109.

759 Clark, Gunsmoke, pp. 33-35; Article (U), Maj. Jean Marie Beall, Assistant 

Editor/Features, “175th Hogs Outgun All Others For Title,” National Guard, 

January 1992, pp. 14-16.

760 Article (U), Mark F. Soupiset, “Surviving the perfect storm: The real story, 

The On Guard, July-August 2002, pp. 12, 15. Reprinted with permission from 

the January/February 2001 issue of USAA MAGAZINE. 761 Francillon, United States Air National Guard, p. 117. 762 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. x.

763 Article (U), “NASA Payload Payoff,” National Guard, February 1993, p. 

37; Biographical Data (U), NASA, Byron K. Lichtenberg; Paper (U), “STS-45 

(46), Last updated 29 June 2001, 11:21:02 EDT, 

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-45/mission-sts-45.html. 764 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. x. 765 Hist (U), ANG CY 1992 – CY 1994, p. x.

766 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xi.

767 Email (U), Brig. Gen. V. Wayne Lloyd, HQ WV ANG, to Charles Gross, 

NGB, Subj.: “Sarajevo Missions by 167th AW, 23 April 2004, 4:10PM, DOC 

2004-3, RUN CHRON; Article (U), “167th Takes Part in ‘Provide Promise,’” 

Plane Talk, 167th Airlift Group (AG), West Virginia ANG, August 1992, DOC 

#17, pp. 1, 4-5, Hist (U), 167th AG, Jan-Jun 1993. 768 Chronology (U), Gary A. Gault, NGB-PAH, "The Air National Guard in 

Operations Restore Hope and Provide Relief," February 1994, pp 7-8.
169

 769 Article (U), TSgt. John Malthaner, 105th Airlift Group, New York ANG, 

“Vet pilot says nothing compares with Andrew,” The On Guard, October 

1992, p. 8; Article (U), SSgt. David W. Altom, Kentucky National Guard 

“Guard delivers calm after ‘Southern Storm’,” The On Guard, April 1997, p.1; 

Article (U), SSgt Dale Greer, Kentucky National Guard, “Air Assisted,” The 

On Guard, April 1997, p. 11; Article (U), 1st Lt John Daigle, Jr., Florida 

National Guard, 1st Lt. Bob Hart, Florida National Guard, Capt. Maria 

LaVasco, Louisiana National Guard, and Sgt. Kristi Moon, Louisiana 

National Guard, “Andrew’s Wrath Mobilizes The National Guard,” National 

Guard, October 1992, pp. 20-23; Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway, USAF (Ret.),

with Jeff Nelligan, Call Out The Guard: The Story of Lieutenant General 

John B. Conaway and the Modern Day National Guard, (Paducah, KY: 

Turner Publishing Co., 1997), pp.204-212. 770 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xi. 771 Clark, William Tell, pp. 91, 94; Article (U), Maj. Jean Marie Beall, 

“William Tell’93 Continues Air Guard’s Top Shooter reputation,” National 

Guard, March 1993, pp. 26-29. 

772 Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center,NASA, “Charles 

Lacy Veach,” October 1995, 

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/veach.html.

773 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 49-50. 774 Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 11.

775 Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p. 12. 776 Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 14. 777 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: "Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 

Fiscal Year 1993," Undated, p 78. 778 Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 25. 779 Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Relief," p 26. 780 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1993, p. xv.

781 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, p. viii; Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual 

Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1993,” undated, p. 

69. 782 Chronology (U), "ANG in Restore Hope and Provide Comfort," pp 27-28.

783 Article (U), Maj. Art Powell, 134th ARG, Tennessee ANG, “Air National 

Guard Tankers Refuel NATO AWACS: Eye On Europe,” National Guard, 

March 1994, pp. 20-21.

784 Memo (U), Capt. Pope, NGB/CI, Subj.: "ANG In Space Update," 31 March 

1993, SD I- 24, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997.

785 Capt. Phil Blahut, "Sarajevo Shuttle," The On Guard, April 1994, pp. 6-7; 

Memo (U), Lt Col Gary W. Taylor, ANGRC/DOX to Col Sawyer, Subj: "MG Navas' 

Memo of 11 Apr 94," SD II-12, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994; Rpt (U), Lt. Col.

Gary W. Taylor, ANGRC/DOX, Subj: "PROVIDE PROMISE SCENARIO," undated, 

SD II-13, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994; Rpt (U), Lt. Col. Gary W. Taylor, 

ANGRC/DOX, Subj: "PROVIDE PROMISE Fact Sheet," 16 March 1994, SD II-14, 
170

 

Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994. 786 Rpt Extract (U), Acting Secretary of the Air Force, “Department of the Air 

Force Analysis And Recommendations (Volume Five) [DOD BRAC Report to 

the Commission],” 11 March 1993, SD II-42, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 

1997. 787 Article (U), Andrew Compart, "When part Time Stops Being Part Time," Air 

Force Times, 18 October 1993, p. 24.

788 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992 – CY 1994, p. xvii; Lineage File, 174th Fighter 

Wing, NY ANG, ANG Historical Archives.

789 2LT Carol Thompson, "The Buckeye Guard Gives A Grand SLUF Salute," 

National Guard, August 1993, pp 20-22; Telecon (U), Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., 

NGB-PAI-H, with 178th Fighter Wing/Operations, 7 September 1999. 790 David J. Lynch, "Bombers in the Guard," Air Force Magazine, October 1994, p 

33.

 791 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, p. viii, info used was (U). 792 Rpt (U), NGB, "Annual Review, Chief NGB, FY 1993," undated, p 78.

793 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 59-60. 794 Article (U), "USAF Lists First ANG B-1 Units," Jane's Defense Weekly, 25 

September 1993, p 5. 795 Compart, "When Part Time Stops Being Part Time," p 24. 796 Rpt (U), NGB, "Annual Review, Chief NGB, FY 1993," undated, p 78.

797 Article (U), TSgt Dwight Connelly, IN ANG, “Captain Astronaut,” 

National Guard, May 1990, p. 40; Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson 

Space Center, NASA, David A. Wolf, January 2006, 

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/wolf.html. 798 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xx. 799 Article (U), 1st Lt. Jeanne W. Hill, NH ANG, “Restore Hope Accomplished 

with Reliable Guard Tankers: New Hampshire’s 157th Air Refueling Group 

Leads Critical Northeast Tanker Task Force,” National Guard, February 

1994, pp.20-22, 24.

800 Bfg (U), Lt Col Kalber, NGB/XOOM, "Concept of Operations Briefing: 

American Military Tradition Support of The United States Antarctic Program," 

3 November 1993, SD I-157, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997.. 801 Hist (S), History of the Air Combat Command, 1 Jan - 31 Dec 93, ACC/HO, 

June 1994, p. 127, info used (U); Article (U), "Fighter Units Coming Home," Air Force 

Times, 24 January 1994, p. 18; Hist (U), Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of 

Defense, Department of Defense Key Officials, 1947-1995, May 1995, p. 60.

802 SSS (U), Col. Gary R. Bendlin, Chief, Operations and Programs Division, 

Air Directorate, NGB, 9 November 1993, w/Atch Background Paper (U), 

Subj.: “ANG TTF Concept,” undated, DOC 1993-1, RUN CHRON. 803 Article (U), 2Lt Jeffrey S. Legeer, "Maryland's 175th FG Executes DENY 

FLIGHT Search and Destroy Mission to Perfection," Maryland ANG News Release, 7 

December 94, SD II-16, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994. 804 Article (U), "Dobbins Fighter Unit Staying Put For A Year," The Atlanta 
171

 

Constitution, 9 September 1993, p E-2. 805 Hist (S), History of the Air Combat Command, 1 Jan - 31 Dec 93, ACC/HO, 

June 1994, p. 127, info used (U); Article (U), "Fighter Units Coming Home," Air Force 

Times, 24 January 1994, p. 18. 806 Capt Lester Carroll, Jr., PAO SCANG, "South Carolina Advances Into the 21st 

Century," National Guard, March 1994, p. 17; Capt Les Carroll, PAO SCANG, "New 

Jet Takes Off At McEntire," The On Guard, April 1994, p 4. 807 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xxii; News Release No. 418-93 (U), OASD 

(PA), Subj.: “New Director of the Air National Guard Is Named,” w/Atch Biography,

Brig. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd, 10 September 1993, SD I-9c, Hist(U), ANG, CY 1992-

CY 1994.

808 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. xxii-xxiii.

809 Extract (U), AMC History, 1 June 1992- 31 December 1994, pp. 45-46, 

and Supporting Document, DOC 2006-30. 810 Lynch, "Bombers in the Guard," p 34. 811 Article (U), Steve Watkins, "Reserve, Guard to keep C-130s," The Air Force 

Times.

 812 Memo (U), ANGRC/XPMRM for TAG KANSAS/ESSO, "OAL 94-11 -

Redesignation of the 184th Fighter Group - CORRECTED ACTION 

MEMORANDUM," 1 June 1994, CHRON SD-18, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-1994. 813 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, pp. 90-95, info used was (U); Paper 

(U), John Pike, “Operation Support Hope,” 19 January 2002, 

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/support_hope.htm. 814 Article (U), 2nd Lt Jeffrey S. Legeer, "Maryland's 175th FG Executes DENY 

FLIGHT Search and Destroy Mission to Perfection," Maryland ANG News Release, 7 

December 1994, SD II-16, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994. 815 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994, p. xxvi. 816 Article (U), Vago Muradin, "Way Cleared For Move," Air Force Times, 5 

September 1994, p 22. 817 Brfg (U), ANGRC/XPA to NGB/CF, "Weekly Briefing to the Director, ANG," 28 

September 1994, SD II-2, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994; Hist (S), MSGT Roger V. 

Seeholzer, Historian, JTF-SWA, History of Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTFSWA), 1 Nov - 31 Dec 92, Vol I, p. 345, info used (U).

818 Extract (U), AMC History, 1 June 1992-31 December 1994, p. 48, and 

Supporting Documents, DOC 2006-30, RUN CHRON. 819 "On Top At William Tell," Air Force Magazine, January 1995, p 45; Article (U), 

Eric Hehs, “Fargo Wins William Tell, North Dakota’s F-16s Win Major A-A Comp,” 

Code One, 

http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/1995/articles/jan_95/jan1a_95.html, DOC 

2006-27, RUN CHRON; Article (U), “William Tell 1994,” Philippe’s Aviation Pages!, 

http://www.philippecolin.net/wt94.html.

 820 News Release (U), Maj Ralinda B. Gregor, 123 AW/PAO, “Fairchild,” undated,

SD III-17, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992-CY 1994. 821 S O GB-35, HQ ACC, Air Defense Organizational Changes, 30 November
172

 

1994, SD I-149, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

822 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, p. ix.

823 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1992 – CY 1994, p. xxix.

824 Article (U), Capt Debbie Magaldi, Virginia ANG, "Virginia Guard Provides 

New Eyes To The Air Force," National Guard, December 1996, p 22; Hist (U), 

ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, pp. ix, 114-115.

825 Chronology (U), Hist (FOUO/PV), 138th FW, 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1998, p 

xi, info used was (U).

826 Article (U), “North Dakota Hooligans Win Hughes Trophy Award,” 

National Guard, July 1995, p. 11. 827 Telecon (U), MSgt Steve Stearns, NGB-PAH, with Sgt Wynne, 104th FW 

MA ANG, 15 April 1996; Article (U), SSgt Charles R. Cangemi, Jr., 104th FW, 

MA ANG, "Part-Time Warriors Work For Full-Time Peace," National Guard, 

January 1996, pp 22, 24, 26. 828 Certificate (U), E. Baca, Chief, NGB, Federal Recognition, 137 Space 

Warning Squadron, Effective 1 October 1995, undated, CHRON SUPDOC No. 

5, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U). 829 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.:” Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1995,” undated, p. 67; Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, 

pp.17, 219.

830 Memorandum No. 252-M, DOD DefenseLINK, Memorandum For 

Correspondents, 21 November 1995, DOC 99-63, RUN CHRON. 831 Executive Order, President William J. Clinton, Subj.: "Ordering The 

Selected Reserve Of The Armed Forces To Active Duty," 8 December 1995, 

CHRON SUPDOC No. 8, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1996-CY 1997, info used was 

(U). 832 Email (U), R. Hedrick @SCF@ANGRC To D Shepperd@cf, Subj: ANG ATC 

Radar Operational in Hungary," 12/19/95 9:33 AM, CHRON SUPDOC No. 9, 

HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U). 833 NGB Bulletin 96-1, "NGB Welcomes New Vice Chief ... ," January 1996, p 

2. LAN Msg (U), LTG BACA to NGB, Subj.: "Assignment of Maj Gen Davis as 

Vice Chief, NGB," 14 December 1995, 16:31:44 EST, CHRON SUPDOC No. 10, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U). 834 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1996,” undated, p 63.

835 News Clips (U), NORAD/USSPACECOM/AFSPC Directorate of Public 

Affairs, Bob Kretschman, News Item (untitled), Greeley Tribune, 21 January 

1996, SUP DOC No. I-132, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used 

was (U); Article (U), "Air National Guard Organization, Year In Review And 

Major Units," 1997 National Guard Almanac, p 107.

836 Article (U), Andrew Compart, "New York Wing Takes On A New Challenge," 

Air Force Times, 19 February 1996, p 18. 837 Article (U), "Florida Responds to Cuban Attack," The On Guard, April 

1996, p 4.
173

 838 Article (U), Col Russ Axtell, "A Hidden Asset: The Unfolding Story of the 

American Military Tradition And The B-1 Bomber," National Guard Review, 

Spring 1997, p 15. 839 Article (U), Andrew Compart, "Long Journey Finally Ends," Air Force 

Times, 22 April 1996, p 21.

100. Article (U), Vago Muradin, "Farewell to the Phantoms," Air Force Times, 8 

April 1996, p 24; Article (U), Steven Watkins, "Radar-hunters will retire," Air Force 

Times, 10 June 1996, p 26.

841 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard 

Bureau, Fiscal Year 1996,” undated, p 63.

842 MFR (U) Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-PAI-H, Subj.: "Discussion With Lt 

Col Keith Coln (ANG/AQ) And Maj Broc Strom (ANG/AQ) re Air National 

Guard (ANG) Acquisition Programs," 1 April 1997, CHRON SUPDOC No. 11,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U); Hist (U), ANG, CY 

1995-CY 1997, pp. 114-115.

843 Bfg (U), Col. Archie Berberian, NY ANG, et. Al., “Operation Deep Freeze, 

Concept of Ops & Status Report,” 18 September 1996, SD I-159, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997. 844 News Item (U), "NGB Calls for Support of Air Guard Commanders For 

Staff Integration Into USAF Major Commands," National Guard, January

1997, p 8.

845 Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995- CY 1997, p. xv.

846 Article (U), "Woman To Lead Guard," The Burlington Free Press, 21 

February 1997, p 1; Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Running 

Vermont," The On Guard, April 1997, p 8.

847 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “Running Vermont,” The On 

Guard, April 1997, p 8.

848 Article (U), "Air Guard, Reserve Share F-16 Mission, Aircraft Over Iraqi NoFly Zone," National Guard, May 1997, p 10.

849 News Item (U), “Senator Ford Saves Air Guard PAA for C-130 Units In 

Five States,” National Guard, July 1997, p 9; News Item (U), “Air Force 

Structure Changes To Shrink Air Guard Airlift Units,” National Guard, June

1997, p 10.

850 News Item (U), "Active-duty officer assumes command of ANG unit," AFNS970990, AFNS Review, 18 August 1997, p 3.

851 Biographical Data (U), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, “David A. 

Wolf,” January 2006, http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/wolf.html.. 852 Article (U), R. J. Kelly, "Wyoming Guard to Fight Asia Fire," Pacific Stars & 

Stripes, 17 October 1997, p 1; Article (U), 1st. Lt. Teresa K. Howes, “Wyomong 

Air Guard Fights Blazes In the Rain Forests of Indonesia,” National Guard, 

January 1998, pp. 15-16.

853 S O AAG-032-DC, HQS District of Columbia National Guard, 31 
174

 

December 1997, DOC 97-1, RUN CHRON; Biography (U), Colonel Linda K. 

McTague, Commander 201st Airlift Squadron, D.C. ANG, Undated, DOC 98-

5, RUN CHRON; Article (U), Lt. Col. Phyllis Phipps-Brown, D.C. National 

Guard, "D.C. Woman Pilot Soars Into History," The On Guard, November 

1998, p 3.

854 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB, "Gateway To Baghdad," The On 

Guard, January 1998, p 16.

855 S O (U), AA-136, NGB, 3 December 1997, CHRON SUP DOC 16, Hist 

(U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997; News Release (U) TSgt David Somdahl, 1st Air 

Force/PA, "Arnold To Lead 1st Air Force Into 21st Century," CHRON SUP 

DOC 17, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1995-CY 1997, info used was (U).

856 MSG (U), NGB-CF to ANG 7301/CC, et al, Subj.: "Title Change For ANG 

PMEC, 101037Z Dec 1997, SD CHRON-1, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 

2000.

857 Article (U), "DOD Approves Guard, Reserve Role In Domestic Terrorism," 

Defense Daily, 28 January 1998, p 5.

858 S O AA-124 (U), Lt Gen Edward D. Baca, Chief NGB, promotion and 

Assignment of Maj Gen (Select) Paul A. Weaver, Jr. as ANG Director, 25 

November 1997, SD CHRON-2, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; 

Memo (U), SECAF For AF/CC, "Appointment of Director, American Military 

Tradition (ANG)," 5 June 1997, SD CHRON-3, Hist (FOUO) ANG, CY 1998 -

CY 2000.

859 Memorandum For Correspondents, U.S. Department of Defense, No. 074-

M, 18 May 1999, SD CHRON-6, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; 

News Release, No. 078-98, OASD(PA), "Secretary Cohen Requests Call-up 

Authority; Plans to Call About 500 Reservists To Support Gulf Deployments," 

22 February 1998,SD CHRON-7,HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

860 Press Release No. 084-98 (U), OSD, "President Signs Order Authorizing 

Reserve Call-Up," 24 February 1998, SD CHRON-8, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 

1998 - CY 2000.

861 Press Release No. 132-98 (U), Subj.: "New York Air Guard Assumes 

Antarctic Airlift Responsibilities," 26 March 1998, SD CHRON-9, HIST 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

862 News Item (U), “Homeland Defense Response Teams Announced,” 

National Guard, October 1998, pp. 16, 18.

863 Article (U), Lt. Col. Mike Milord, “Flying Faster And Farther: The District 

of Columbia’s 201st Airlift Squadron Receives C-38A Jet,” National Guard, 

September 1998, p. 70.

864 Email (U), Gary Broadbent, NGB/CFC, to Charles Gross, Subj.: 

"Historical Record," 9 December 1999, 1:35 PM, SD B-22, Hist (U), ANG, CY 

1998 – CY 2000; Biography, NGB(U), CMSgt Gary R. Broadbent, undated, 

[http://132.80.200.55/cc/biography.htm], SD B-23, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 

1998 - CY 2000; Biography, NGB(U), CMSgt Edwin B. Brown, undated, SD 

B-24, Hist (U), ANG, CY 1998- CY 2000.
175

 865 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Davis Named Chief," The On 

Guard, August 1998, p 1; Special Order AA-572, NGB, 31 July 1998, SD 

CHRON-10, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000. 

866 Article (U), Bradley Graham, "U.S. Air Force To Reorganize," Washington 

Post, 5 August 1998, p A2, SD CHRON-11, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 

2000.

867 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Bureau Headquarters Moves 

Into Future," The On Guard, October 1998, pp 3, 13, SD Chron-57, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Email (U), Col Mike Ford, to ALL NGB 

Personnel, Subj.: "New Move Dates," 15 July 1998, 3:50 PM, SD Chron-58, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

868 Rpt (U), NGB, Subj.: “ Annual Review of the Chief, 

National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1998,” pp 112-124.

869 Email (U), Maj Casey Scharven, ANG/LGT, to Charles J. Gross, NGBPAI-H, Subj: “ANG transportation history,” 12 February 2001, 11:05 AM, p 1, 

SD CHRON-67, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

870 News Item (U), “Air Guard Brings Relief to Battered Honduras,” National 

Guard, December 1998, pp. 12-13; Article (U), Brian Calvert, “Good Deeds on 

Good Faith,” National Guard, January 1999, pp. 22-24.

871 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "Rapid Responders Take On 

Terrorism," The On Guard, April 1999, p 1.

872 Article (U), Maj. James McCrone and Paul Seidenman, “Top Gun: The 

Next Generation,” National Guard, January 1999, pp 28-29.

873 Article (U), Linda D. Kozaryn, "Four Nights; 100 Targets," American 

Forces News Service, undated 21 December 1998, SD CHRON-12, Hist

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), Vernon Loeb, "U.S. Planes 

Destroy Iraqi Missile Site," Washington Post, 31 December 1998, p 29, SD 

CHRON-13, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), MSgt Bob 

Haskell, NGB-PA, "Guard Aids Attack On Iraq," The On Guard, January 

1999, pp 1, 11,

874 News Item (U), “Air Guard Units Denied Mission,” National Guard,

February 1999, p. 14.

875 News Release No. 065-99 (U), OASD/RA, "U.S. Aircraft Ordered To 

Deploy In Support Of NATO Operations," 17 February 1999, SD CHRON-18, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

876 Article (U), “Fighter Unit Warms to New Training Mission,” National 

Guard, July 1999, p. 36.

877 Article (U), Lt Col Jean Marie Beall, Maryland ANG, "Coronet Oak 

Mission Grounded," The On Guard," March 1999, p 3; Article (U), Lt Col Jean 

Marie Beall, 135th Airlift Squadron, Maryland ANG, "Adios Panama," 

National Guard, April 1999, pp 22-23; Paper (U), Brig Gen John Schnell, 

Maryland ANG, Subj: "Coronet Oak History, October 1, 1977 to 17 February 

1999 [for approximately 5 minute talk]," undated, SD CHRON-65, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; MFR (U), Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-
176

 

PAI-H, Subj: "Air National Guard (ANG) Director's Weekly Staff Meeting 

Notes," 17 February 1999, p 2, SSD-17, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 

2000.

878 Rpt (U), Col Daniel Swift, ANG/DO, Lt Col Barron Nesselrode, HQ 

AF/DPFJ, et al, "Air War Over Serbia: Aerospace Power In Operation Allied 

Force, Air National Guard (U)," 25 May 2000, SD CHRON-19, p 47, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

879 Article (U), James Spielmann, Associated Press, "The Navy Wraps Up A 

Long Polar Stretch," Washington Post, 18 February 1999, p 19,SD CHRON21, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

880 Article (U), William Matthews, "NATO sends strong message to Serbs," 

Air Force Times, 5 April 1999, p 10; Article (U), "Hawaii Air Guard Refuels 

Kosovo Air Strikes," National Guard, April 1999, p 1.

881 News item (U), Associated Press State & Local wire, "Pa. guard unit 

headed to Germany," 29 March 1999, Monday, AM cycle, SD CHRON-23, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

882 Article (U), Mike Sherry, "Time Abroad Wears On Lincoln Guard Unit," 

Omaha World-Herald, 3 May 1999.

883 Article (U), Tom Bowman, "National Guard Plane 'Shoots' Message At 

Yugoslav Audience," Baltimore Sun, 5 June 1999, SD CHRON-24, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000. 

884 Msg. (U), NGB-CF to AIG 7300, et al, Subj.: "Shaping The Air National 

Guard For The 21st Century," 070729Z April 1999, SD CHRON-25, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

885 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p. xiv, info used was (U).

886 Article (U), Jim Garamone, "NATO Requests 300 More U.S. Aircraft for 

Allied Force," American Forces Press Service, 14 April 1999, SD CHRON-27, 

HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

887 Article (U), Capt. Linda D. Blaszak, 107th ARW, NY ANG, "From Niagara 

to Northern Watch," Thunderbird, May 1999, p 4, SD CHRON-28, Hist 

(FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

888 News Release (U), Lt. Col. Milord, ASD/RA, "Reservists eager for duty 

with U.S. Kosovo force," by Doug Meegren, Associated Press, "Reserve Forces 

- April 21, 1999, Current News," DOC 99-04 RUN CHRON. 889 Article (U), Jim Garamone, "30 Aerial Refuelers Ordered to Allied Force," 

American Forces Press Service, 27 April 1999, SD CHRON-30, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000. 

890 Memo (U), SECDEF William S. Cohen for the Secretaries of the Military 

Departments and the Chairman, JCS, Subj.: "Presidential Callup of the 

Selected Reserve and Certain Individual Ready Reserve Members in Support 

of Kosovo Operations," 27 April 1998, SD CHRON-31, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 

1998 - CY 2000; News Release (U),OASD/PA, No. 197-99, "Secretary Cohen 

Announces Presidential Selective Reserve Call-Up," 27 April 1999, p 1, SD 

CHRON-32, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), Bradley 
177

 

Graham, "Clinton Tells Pentagon To Call Up Reservists," Washington Post, 

28 April 1999, p 1, SD CHRON-33, HIST (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

891 Msg (U), HQ USAF/XOP to HQ ACC, et al, Subj.: "Presidential Selective 

Reserve Call-Up (PSRC) For Operation Southern Watch," 280756Z April 

1999, SD CHRON-34, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

892 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p.78, info used was (U).

893 Article (U), NGB/CFS, "Crisis In Kosovo Hits Home As 171st ARW, PA, 

Members Deploy," Guard Family Matters, Summer 1999, SD CHRON-36, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

894 Chart (U), "Who's Been Called Up," Air Force Times, 24 May 1999, p 2, SD 

CHRON-37, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

895 Article (U), "Kosovo Deployment: Wing Thrust on World Stage," The 

Copperhead, June 1999, p 1, SD CHRON-38, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 -

CY 2000; Article (U), "Air Guard Units Leave For Kosovo," Arizona Republic, 

5 May 1999, p B1.

896 Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD No. 068-M, Subj.: Reserve 

Units Called-Up for Kosovo, 12 May 1999, SD CHRON-40, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

897 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p. xvi, info used was (U).

898 Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD, No. 074-M, Subj.: PSRC CallUp for SWA, 18 May 1999, DOC 99-47, RUN CHRON. 899 Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD, No. 073-M, Subj.: Kosovo 

PSRC Called-Up Units, 18 May 1999, DOC 99-48, RUN CHRON. 900 Article (U), Air Force News, MSgt. Brian Hibbard, 52nd Expeditionary 

Wing Public Affairs, "New unit marries Guard, active-duty forces," 9 June 

1999, SD CHRON-42, pp 1-2, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

901 Article (U), MSgt Hibbard, "New unit," SD CHRON-42, p 2, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

902 Memorandum for Correspondents (U), DOD, No. 079-M, Subj.: Kosovo 

PSRC Called Up Units, 21 May 1999, SD CHRON-43, HIST (FOUO), ANG, 

CY 1998 - CY 2000.

903 Rpt (U), Col. Dan Swift, NGB, "Air War Over Serbia," p 11, SD Chron19, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

904 Msg (U), Lt. Col. Thomas Schultz, NGB-PAP to Lt. Gen. Davis, Chief 

NGB, et. al., Subj.: "For Briefings, Speeches and Such," 28 May 1999, 7:20 

AM, DOC 99-29, RUN CHRON. 905 Article (U), "PA. Air National Guard unit Lands at HIA following 32 days 

in action," SCOPE, 193rd SOW [Newsletter], August 1999, p 4, SD CHRON45, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

906 Trest and Dodd, Wings of Denial, p.15.

907 Article (U), Tomoeh Murakami, "Soldiers Depart McGuire Base On NATO 

Support Trip," Philadelphia Inquirer, 2 June 1999, DOC 99-13, RUN 

CHRON. 908 Article (U), Daniel Williams, "Yugoslavs Yield To NATO Terms," 
178

 

Washington Post, 4 June 1999, p 1, DOC 99-16, RUN CHRON; Article (U), 

William Drozdiak and Anne Swardson, "Military, Diplomatic Offensives 

Bring about Accord," Washington Post, 4 June 1999, p 1, DOC 99-17, RUN 

CHRON. 909 Paper (U), Col. Ed Grogan, HQTS/SV, VA ANG, and Col. Bill Schwartz, 

HQTS/PA, VA ANG, “VaANG Total Force Proposal: VaANG Relocate To 

Langley AFB & Form An Associate Unit At Langley AFB,” proposal prepared 

for Lt. Col. Terrance Brotherton, NGB/XPX, 4 June 1999, DOC 99-112, RUN 

CHRON. 910 Article (U), R. Jeffrey Smith and Molly Moore, "Plan For Kosovo Pullout 

Signed," Washington Post, 10 June 1999, p 1, Doc 99-18, RUN CHRON. 911 Article (U), Jim Garmone, "Serb Withdrawal Begins, NATO Suspends 

Bombing," American Forces Information Service, 10 June 1999,SD CHRON46, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), Craig R. Whitney, 

"With Signs Of Retreat, Raids Slow To Near Halt," New York Times, 10 June 

1999, DOC 99-20, RUN CHRON; Article (U), Craig R. Whitney, "Bombing 

Ends As Serbs Begin Pullout," New York Times, 11 June 1999, p 1, DOC 99-

21, RUN CHRON. 912 News Item (U), Louisiana Guard Public Affairs, “Guard Fighters Intercept 

Russian Bear Bombers,” National Guard, August 1999, p. 29; Chart (U), 

“Air National Guard,” Air Force Magazine, May 2006, p. 116.

913 News Article (U), Linda D. Kozaryn, American Forces Press Service, 

"NATO Ends Air War," undated, SD CHRON-47, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 

1998 - CY 2000.

914 Rpt (U), Col Dan Swift, NGB, "Air War Over Serbia," p 11, SD Chron-19,

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

915 Press Release No. 308-99 (U), OASD/PA, Subj.: "Secretary of Defense 

Authorizes Redeployment of Second Increment of U.S. Aircraft From 

Operation Allied Force," 24 June 1999, SD CHRON-48, Hist (FOUO), ANG, 

CY 1998 - CY 2000; Bfg Extract(U), Mr. Kenneth Bacon, ASD/PA, Subj.: 

"DOD News Briefing," 24 June 1999, 2:25 PM, SD CHRON-49, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

916 Chart (U), ANG CAT, Subj.: "Kosovo PSRC Activity," 24 June 1999, DOC 

99-35, RUN CHRON. 917 Rpt (U), Col Dan Swift, NGB, "Air War Over Serbia," p 73, SD Chron-19, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

918 News Item (U), “Lockheed Martin Providing More Air Guard Aircraft,” 

National Guard, August 1999, p. 33.

919 Email (U), Maj. Mark W. Ruane, MD ANG, Commander, 135th

Maintenance Operations Flight, to Lt. Col. Jody W. Jondo, MD ANG, 175th

Wing Chief of Staff, Subj.: “First J delivery,” 22 November 2006, 2:34PM, 

DOC 2006-20, RUN CHRON. 920 Article (U), Lisa Black, "National Guard Lowers The Flag At O'Hare 

Base," Chicago Tribune, 29 July 1999, DOC 99-39, RUN CHRON.
179

 921 Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, p. xviii, info used was (U).

922 News Item (U), “Air Guard Purchases New Night Vision Systems,” 

National Guard, August 1999, p. 33.

923 Article (U), Lt. Col. Jean Marie Beall, “Former C-141 Driver Becomes 

Guard’s First Female A-10 Pilot,” National Guard, January 2000, p. 33; 

Email (U), Lt. Col. Julie Hudson, AFDC, to Charles J. Gross, NGB-PAI-H, 

Subj.: “RE: First Combat Ready Female ANG [A-10] Fighter Pilot,” 15 

December 2006, 3:46 PM, DOC 2006-31, RUN CHRON. 924 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskel and SFC Eric Wedeking, NGB-PA, “Picking 

Up After Flood,” National Guard, October 1999, pp. 18-21; Rpt (U), Event 

Summary, National Weather Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, Subj.: 

“Hurricane Floyd, September 1999,” undated, p. 1, 

http://www4.ncsu.edu/~nwsfo/storage/cases/19990915/, DOC 2006-21, RUN 

CHRON. 925 Article (U), NGAUS staff report, “Guard Rescue Mission Named Top 1998 

U.S. Air Force Rescue Flight,” National Guard, October 1999, pp. 46-47.

926 Paper (U), “Information Paper on ANG History,” Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., 

Chief, ANG History, NGB/PAI-H, 7 August 2001, SD III-8, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000.

927 Article (U), Glenn W. Goodman, Jr., "Aerospace Force," Armed Forces 

Journal International, September 2000, p 48; Article (U), John A. Tirpak, 

"The EAF Turns One," Air Force Magazine, October 2000, p 20; Article (U), 

MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, "American Military Tradition Vital To Total 

Expeditionary Aerospace Force," Air Force News, released 27 September 

1999, SD CHRON-60, Hist (U), CY 1998-CY 2000.

928 Article (U), "Guardsmen, Reservists To Train Some Air Force Pilots," 

Miami Herald, 7 October 1999, SD CHRON-52, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 

- CY 2000; News Item (U), "Air Guard stands up associate unit," 1st Air 

Force, American Defender, Winter 1999, p 15.

929 Article (U), 2nd Lt. Candis Olmstead, “Air Guard Security Forces Deploy 

for Korea Exercise,” National Guard, December 1999, p. 35.

930 Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “Airlift Plane, Crew Rescues 

Ailing South Pole Scientist, National Guard, November 1999, p. 42.

931 News Item (U), "Aerospace World," Air Force Magazine, January 2000, p 

20.

932 Article (U), Dave Moniz, “169th Can Dish Out HARM,” Columbia (SC) 

State, 3 November 1999, SD CHRON-73, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 

2000. All ANG fighter units, regardless of the aircraft they flew, were tasked 

to carry out the SEAD mission in their doc statements according to Col 

Stephen Lefebvre, Chief of Operations and Training, [ANG] Directorate of 

Operations, Air Directorate, National Guard Bureau (NGB/DOO). However, 

depending upon their training and equipment, those ANG fighter units 

employed different methods and weapons to accomplish that mission. 

(SOURCE: Col Stephen Lefebvre, telecon with Charles J. Gross, Ph.D., NGB-
180

 

PAI-H, 16 Aug 2002.)

933 MFR (U), SMSgt. Steven L. Stearns, NGB-PAH, Subj.: "Interview With Lt. 

Col. Polkar, 123rd ACS/CC," 27 April 2000, SD CHRON-53, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000. 

934 Newsletter (U), South Carolina ANG, SSG Richard D. Hodges and CTF 

ONW/PA, SCANG News, March 2000, pp 1&4, SD CHRON-54, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 – CY 2000.

935 Article (U), Wyoming National Guard Public Affairs Office, "187th 

Assumes Medevac Role," 153rd Airlift Wing Newsletter, March 2000, p1, 

DOC 2000-3, RUN CHRON. 936 Article (U), SSgt Jeff Crawley, “Wing Flies to South America, Trains with 

Chilean Air Force,” National Guard, December 2000, p. 29.

937 Article (U), "From Fighters To Tankers," Air Force Times, 25 September 

2000, p 2.

938 Email (U), Maj Scharven to Charles Gross, “ANG transportation history,” 

p 1, SD CHRON-67, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Point Paper 

(U), Maj Casey Scharven, ANG/LGT, Subj: “ANG Vehicle Maintenance 

Support At Al Udeid AB, Qatar,” 28 July 2000, SD CHRON-68, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Article (U), David Castellon, “Air Guard Reclaims, 

Repairs Desert-Scarred Vehicles,” Air Force Times, 18 January 1999, p 23.

939 Memo (U), 148th SOPS/CC for NGB-PAH-I, Mr. Gault, Subj.: “New 

Emblem Justification,” 28 February 2001, SD CHRON-70, Hist (FOUO), 

ANG, CY 1998-CY 200, info used was (U); Article (U), “148th CBCS’ Mission 

Change,” The Reserve And National Guard, Spring/Summer 2000, pp 24, 26, 

SD CHRON-71, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000, info used was (U).

940 Article (U), "Buckley ANGB To Transfer Base Operating 

Responsibilities," US Air Force ONLINE NEWS, 1 December 1999, SD 

CHRON-66, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998 - CY 2000; Aerospace World 

Column (U), "News Note," Air Force Magazine, December 2000, p 21.

941 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p xii, info used was (U).

942 Article (U), Steven Lee Myers, "Elite Nuclear Forces Opening To 

Reservists And The Guard," New York Times, 11 January 2001, p 1.

943 Nist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xii.

944 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xii.

945 Article (U), New York ANG release, “Air Guard Carries Relief to El 

Salvador Earthquake Victims,” National Guard, April 2001, p. 35.

946 Article (U), Lizabeth Hall, “Taking Command With Pride,” Hartford 

Courant, 9 April 2001, p 3, DOC 2001-5, RUN CHRON. 947 Article (U), James Dao, “Rumsfeld Will Call For Big Cut In B-1 Bombers, 

Officials Say,” New York Times, 27 June 2001, DOC 2001-8, RUN CHRON; 

Article (U), Adam J. Herbert, “For B-1 Bomber Fleet, Air Force Determines 

Less Is More,” InsideDefense.com, 27 June 2001, DOC 2001-9, RUN 

CHRON; Article (U), “Lawmakers Blast DOD Decision On Cutting B-1 

Bomber Fleet,” Aerospace Daily, 28 June 2001, DOC 2001-10, RUN 
181

 

CHRON. 948 Article (U), “Air Guard F-15 Pilots Fly With Former Warsaw Pact 

Enemies,” National Guard, July 2001, p. 35.

949 Endnote 31, Chapter V, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG history.

950 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiii, info used was (U).

951 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

952 Article (U),Elaine M. Grossman, “Military Is Embroiled In Debate Over 

Who Should Guard United States,” Inside The Pentagon, 20 September 2001, 

p.1, DOC 2001-37, RUN CHRON; Bfg Charts (U), NGB Air Directorate, 

Subj.: “Air National Guard Update Brief As of 13 Sept 01,” 13 September 

2001, DOC 2001-41, RUN CHRON. 953 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

954 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

955 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

956 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

957 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xiv, info used was (U).

958 Article (U), Adam J. Herbert, “NORAD Keeps Command Of Air National 

Guard Combat Air Patrols,” InsideDefense.com, 18 September 2001, DOC 

2001-35, RUN CHRON. 959 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xv, info used was (U).

960 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xv, info used was (U).

961 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, pp. xv-xvi, info used was (U).

962 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvi, info used was (U).

963 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvi, info used was (U).

964 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvi, info used was (U).

965 Endnote 84, Chapter VI, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

966 Article (U), DOD News Release No. 442-01, “National Guard, Reserve 

Mobilization Issued For More Than 5,000,” w/attached Chart, 20 September 

2001, www.defenselink.mil/news/Sep2001/b09202001_bt442-01.html, DOC 

2001-56, RUN CHRON. 967 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvii, info used was (U).

968 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xvii, info used was (U).

969 Article (U), James Dao, “A Nation Challenged: Hearts And Minds; 

American Mission Takes to the Air, and the Airwaves,” The New York Times, 

undated, http://query.nytimes.com/search/articlepage.html?=9BODE1DB1239F930A25750COA..., DOCUMENT # 9, Hist 

(S/NF), 193rd SOW, 1-31 March 2002, info used was (U).

970 Endnote 219, Chapter II, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

971 Article (U), Frank Wolfe, “Weaver: Tanker Modernization Greatest Need 

For Air National Guard,” Defense Daily, 17 October 2001, p. 1, DOC 2001-50, 

RUN CHRON. 972 Hist (U), 117th ARW, Alabama ANG, CY 2002, pp. 14-15.

973 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

974 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).
182

 975 Article (U), 1st Lt. Steve Alvarez, “Guard Fighters Fly Patrols To Protect 

Space Shuttle Mission,” National Guard, February 2002, pp. 29-30.

976 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

977 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001- CY 2004, Appendix B, info used was 

(U).

978 Article(U), C. Ray Hall, “123RD Special Tactics Squadron Battle on Taku 

Ghar, The Courier Journal, 

http://www.pjsinnam,com/War_on_Terror/EF/Miller.htm, SD VII-19, Hist 

(S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U); Article (U), Lisa 

Daniel, In Harm’s Way,” National Guard, August 2002, pp. 20-24, SD VII-20, 

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U); Email (U), 

Maj, Jeremy Shoop, 123rd STS Commander, KY ANG, to Dr. Charles J. Gross, 

NGB, Subj.: “123rd STS Heritage Portrait,” 21 February 2003, 4:02 PM, DOC 

2003-17, RUN CHRON. 979 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xviii, info used was (U).

980 Article (U), “3 Air Bases To Get More Cargo Planes,” Los Angeles Times, 

April 14, 2002.

981 Bfg Chart (U), Col. Bunting, ANG/DP, Subj.: “Personnel Force 

Management,” undated, see SUPDOCS, Chapter VI, Hist (S/NOFORN), 

ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

982 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xix, info used was (U).

983 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xix, info used was (U).

984 Bfg Chart (U), NGB, Subj.: “Guard Contributions to the National response 

As Of: 21 May 2002,” undated DOC 2002-15, RUN CHRON. 985 Endnote 84, Chapter VI, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

986 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, pp. xix-xx, info used was (U).

987 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xx, info used was (U).

988 Article (U), Alaska National Guard release, “Rescue Squadron Flies 1,000 

Miles to Save Filipino Sailor,” National Guard, September 2002, p. 98.

989 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xx, info used was (U).

990 Rpt (U), NGB, “Annual Review of the Chief National Guard Bureau, Fiscal 

Year 1998,” undated, p. vii; Biography (U), United States Air Force, 

Lieutenant General Russell C. Davis, current as of January 1999, SD I- 2, 

Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000; S O AA-572 (U), NGB, Subj.: 

"LIEUTENANT GENERAL (Select) RUSSELL C. DAVIS," 31 July 1998, SD 

CHRON-10, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000; Newsletter Extract (U), 

NGB, “Lieutenant General Russell C. Davis, Chief, National Guard Bureau,” 

NGB Bulletin, No. 8-98, August 1998, p 1, SD I-82, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 

1998-CY 2000, Chart (U), NGB General Officer Management Office, “Former 

Chiefs of the NGB,” undated, SD I-8, Hist (FOUO), ANG, CY 1998-CY 2000.

991 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xx (Chronology), info used 

was (U). 

992 Article (U), Suzann Chapman, Managing Editor, “USAF Extends 14,000 

Reservists,” Air Force Magazine, September 2002, p. 14.
183

 993 Article (U), 189th Airlift Wing release, “Airlift Wing Begins Training All 

Active-Duty C-130 Loadmasters,” National Guard, September 2002, pp.96, 

98.

994 Article (U), Associated Press, “24-Hour Fighter Coverage Resumed,” New 

York Times, 7 September 2002, DOC 2002-9, RUN CHRON. 995 Article (U), Wayne Partridge, “B-1 Era At Base Comes To An End,” Macon 

Telegraph, 18 September 2002, DOC 2002-14, RUN CHRON. 996 Article (U), Ron Laurenzo, “Time For Air National Guard To ‘Just Say 

No’?,” Defense Week, 30 September 2002, p.2, DOC 2002-12, RUN CHRON. 997 Biographical Data (U), NASA, David A. Wolf, January 2006, “Astronauts” 

file, ANG Historical Archives.

998 Article (U), MSgt. Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “New Aircraft Enable Squadron 

to Expand its Worldwide Reach,” National Guard, February 2004, pp. 32-33.

999 Paper (U), Lt. Gen. Daniel James III, Director, ANG, Subj.: “VANGUARD: 

The American Military Tradition’s Engagement Strategy,” 11 May 2003, 

https://airguard.ang.af.mil/cf/vanguard.asp, DOC 2003-5, RUN CHRON. 1000 Hist (U), 111th FW, Pennsylvania ANG, CY 2002, p. 2.

1001 Article (U), Jim Garamone, Armed Forces Press Service, Armed Forces 

Information Service News Articles, “Reserve, Active Components Will 

‘Rebalance’,” 26 February 2003, 

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Feb2003/n02262003_200302262.html, DOC 

2003-12, RUN CHRON. 1002 Article (U), Sam Youngman, “Bredesen Sends Off Guard Unit With 

Words Of Support, Comfort,” Memphis Commercial Appeal, 5 March 2003.

1003 Article (U) TSgt. Tammy Brubaker, 39 Wing Public Affairs, “NW Fighters 

Say Final Goodbye To Incirlick,” 114th FW, SD ANG Newsletter, 

Thunderbumper, May/June 2003, p.7, DOC 2003-4, RUN CHRON. 1004 Article (U), Jim Garamone, “Bush Gives Hussein 48 Hours to Leave 

Iraq,” AFIS News Articles, 17 March 2003, 

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar2003/n03172003_200303173.html.

1005 Article (U, Vince Crawley, “Ousting Saddam,” Air Force Times, 7 April 

2003, p. 8.

1006 Article (U), MSgt. Bob Haskell, NGB-PA, “Idaho Guardsman falls in the 

line of duty,” The On Guard, May 2003, p.4.

1007 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001- CY 2004, p. xxiii, info used was (U).

1008 Bfg Slide (U), NGB/CFS, “ONE: Operation Noble Eagle,” ANG 101 

Briefing, 13 August 2003, DOC 2003-14, RUN CHRON. 1009 Bfg Slide (U), NGB/CFS, “OEF: Operation Enduring Freedom,” ANG 101 

Briefing, 13 August 2003, DOC 2003-16, RUN CHRON. 1010 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxiii, info used was (U).

1011 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxiv, info used was (U).

1012 Memo (U), SECDEF Donald Rumsfeld for the Chief, NGB, Subj.: “Guard 

Bureau Initiatives,” 30 July 2003, DOC 2003-13, RUN CHRON. 1013 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001- CY 2004, p. xxiv, info used was (U).
184

 1014 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxiv, info used was (U).

1015 Endnote 3, Chapter IV, CY 2001- CY 2004 ANG History.

1016 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxv, info used was (U).

1017 Email (U), Lt Col. Wayne Gerrish, ANG/SII, to Charles Gross, NGB-PAIH, Subj.: “RE: Blended Predator Unit,” 25 July 2005, 3:19 PM, SD II-159, 

Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

1018 Article (U), Lt. Col. Ken Jones, Tennessee National Guard, “Air National 

Guard Says Goodbye To Starlifter,” The On Guard, June 2004, p. 10.

1019 Article (U), NGAUS staff report, “Airlift Wing Joins Early-Season 

Wildfire Battle From above,” National Guard, June 1994, p. 45.

1020 Article (U), Beth Ipsen, “Alaska American Military Tradition officially 

takes over operation of Clear Air Force Station,” Fairbanks News Miner, 27 

May 2004, SD CHRON-50, Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info 

used was (U); Article (U), MSgt Bob Haskell, “Making the Switch from Active 

duty to the National Guard,” The On Guard, May-June 2002, p. 14.

1021 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvi, info used was (U). 1022 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvi, info used was (U).

1024 Memo (U) Secretary of the Air Force and Chief of Staff, United States Air 

Force, to All MAJCOM Commanders, Subj.: “Future Total Force 

Implementation Plan,” 24 November 2004, SD II-64, p. 1, Hist (S/NOFORN), 

ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, info used was (U).

1025 Endnote 29, Chapter II, CY 2001-CY 2004 ANG History.

1026 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvii, info used was (U).

1027 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxvii, info used was (U).

1028 Hist (S/NOFORN), ANG, CY 2001-CY 2004, p. xxviii, info used was (U).

1029 Brfg (U), PACOM, Subj.: “Operation Unified Assistance,” 

n.d., UnifuedAssistanceBrief.ppt.; Article (U), Otto 

Kreisher, “Operation Unified Assistance,” Air Force 

Magazine, April 2005, pp 62-66.

1030 Rpt Extract (U), ANG/XPYI, “Air National Guard Facts And Figures,” 

January 2006, p. 12, DOC 2006-6, RUN CHRON. 1031 Ltr (U), Maj. Gen. David P. Rataczk, Arizona ARNG, President, AGA, to 

Gen. John P. Jumper, Chief of Staff, USAF, Subj.: AGA Concerns About FTF 

Initiatives, 9 March 2005, DOC 2005-6, RUN CHRON. 1032 Article (U)”Air Force receives final Joint STARS,” Armed Forces Journal, 

May 2005, p. 48.

1033 Article (U), Maj. Bernadette Dozier, Public Affairs,”C-130J Crew Tests 

Skills,” The National Guard, 18 April 2005, 

http://www.ngb.army.mil/news/story.asp?id=1544, DOC 2006-29. 1034 Article (U), Eric Schmitt, “Pentagon Seeks To Shut Down Dozens Of 

Bases Across Nation,” New York Times, 14 May 2005, p. 1; News Release No.

469-05 (U), DOD, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), 

“DOD BRAC Recommendations Expected to Save Nearly $50 Billion,” 13 May 
185

 

2005, DOC 2005-2, RUN CHRON; Paper (U), DOD, Subj.: “DOD Proposed 

BRAC Actions [ANG], 13 May 2005,” Vol_I_PART_2_DOD_BRAC.pdf, DOC 

2005-3, RUN CHRON. 1035 Article (U), Rich Tuttle, “C-130J Deployment To Middle East ‘Incredibly 

Successful,’ Officer Says,” Aerospace Daily & Defense Report, 1 August 2005, 

DOC 2005-10, RUN CHRON. 1036 CMSgt. David P. Anderson, Compiler, ANG Hurricane 

Chronology, 2005, p 6 (endnote 18).

1037 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p. 7 

(endnote 23).

1038 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 10 

(Note 42).

1039 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p. 12 

(note 49).

1040 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p, 12 

(note 54).

1041 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 13 

(note 58).

1042 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 14 

(note 60).

1043 Article (U), Donna Mills, American Forces Press Service, American 

Forces Information Service News Articles, DOD, “Guard, NORTHCOM 

Respond to Hurricane Aftermath,” 30 August 2005, 

http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Aug2005/20050830_2570.html, DOC 2006-

8, RUN CHRON. 1044 Web Page (U), TSgt Mark Diamond, “AMC ‘Total Force 

Rushes to Aid of Trapped Russian Sailors,” AMC-Total-ForceRushes-To-Aid-Trapped-Russian-Sailors-[Aug-2005].mht, 11 

Aug 05.

1045 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 28 

(note 153). 

1046 Email (U), Daniel Donohue, NGB-PA, to Maj. Lorraine Januzelli, NGBPA, et. al., Subj.: “ANG Soundbite—Katrina,” 3 September 2005, 10:19 PM, 

DOC 2005-5, RUN CHRON. 1047 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 33 

(188).

1048 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 33 

(note –none?).

1049 Memo (U), LTG H Steven Blum, Chief, NGB, to Secretary of Defense, 

Thru Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense), Subj.: “National 

Guard Response to Hurricane Katrina Recovery Efforts,” 5 September 2005, 

DOC 2005-9, RUN CHRON. 1050 Email (U), Brig. Charles V. Ickes II, NGB/CF, to Col. Billy Asbell, 

NGB/CFX, et. al., Subj.: ”FW:ANG C-130 Tail Count,” 7 September 2005, 4:11 

PM, DOC 2005-6, RUN CHRON.
186

 1051 Article (U), Deb Riechmann, Associated Press, “Bush Endorses Plan To 

Close 22 Bases,” Washington Post, 16 September 2005, p. 4.

1052 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 14 

(note 62).

1053 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 50 

(note 315).

1054 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p 52 

(note 328).

1055 Article (U) Ceci Connolly and Sylvia Moreno, “Texas Coast Braces For 

Rita,” Washington Post, 22 September 2005.

1056 CMSgt Anderson, ANG Hurricane Chronology, 2005, p. 55 

(note 346).

1057 Memo (U), Deputy Secretary of Defense to Secretary of the Army and 

Acting Secretary of the Air Force, Subj.: “Hurricane Rita Relief Efforts,” 22 

September 2005, DOC 2005-7, RUN CHRON. 1058 Article (U), Bill Scammon, “Bush Seeks To Federalize Emergencies,” The 

Washington Times, 27 September 2005, p. 1.

1059 Email (U), NGB-PA to Allura Ellington, NGB-PA, et al., Subj.: “181st

Fighter Wing Story,” 30 September 2005, 10:05 AM, DOC 2005-12, RUN 

CHRON. 1060 Paper (U), CMSgt David P. Anderson, ANG History Office, Subj.: “ANG 

Airlift: Hurricane Katrina/Rita, 30 August to 29 November 2005,” ca 

September 2006, DOC 2006-28. 1061 Article (U), Ryan Lengerich, “122nd Fighter Wing lands at air base in 

Iraq,” CentreDaily.com, 24 January 2006, DOC 2006-8, RUN CHRON; 

Article (U), Dogen Hannah, “U.S. fighter aircraft in Iraq have an unusual 

mission: reconnaissance,” Knight-Ridder Newspapers, 23 February 2006, 

DOC 2006-9, RUN CHRON. 1062 Article (U), Robert Pear, “Bush Policies Are Weakening National Guard, 

Governors Say,” New York Times, 27 February 2006, DOC 2006-14, RUN 

CHRON. 1063 Memo (U), Michael W. Wynne, Secretary of the Air Force, et. al., for 

National Guard Adjutants General, AFRC/CV, Subj.: “Initial Total Force 

Integration – Phase II,” 27 February 2006, w/atch (FOUO), “Intial Total 

Force Integration Plan – Phase II,” info used was (U), DOC 2006-16, RUN 

CHRON. 1064 Article (U), Jim VandeHei and Jonathan Wiseman, “On Immigration, 

Bush Seeks ‘Middle Ground’, “ Washington Post, 16 May 2006, p. 1, DOC 

2006-11, RUN CHRON. 1065 SO AAG-036 (U), Department of the Air Force, Headquarters, U.S. Air 

Force, 19 May 2006, DOC 2006-22, RUN CHRON; SO AA-549 (U), 

Department of the Army and the Air Force, National Guard Bureau, 19 May 

2006, DOC 2006-23, RUN CHRON. 1066 Article (U), Sgt. Jim Greenhill, NGB-PA “Operation Jump Start: 
187

 

Hardening the southern border,” The On Guard, July 2006, p. 1.

1067 Article U), Associated Press, “Guard Troops Begin Trek To Border Under 

Bush Plan,” Arizona Republic, 16 June 2006, DOC 2006-13, RUN CHRON. 1068 Article (U), Amy Schlesing, “Air Base Has A Hand In New Kind Of Unit,” 

Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, 9 July 2006, 

http://ebird.afis.mil/ebfiles/e20060711445110.html, DOC 2006-15, RUN 

CHRON. 1069 Article (U), SSgt Adrianne Li. Wilson, “Air National Guard Readiness 

Center receives Excellent,” Capital Flyer, 11 August 2006, pp. 1, 5.

1070 Article (U), Marc V. Schanz, Associate Editor, “ANG Dedicates New 

Intel Center” Air Force Magazine, October 2006, p. 17.

1071 Article (U), Staff Sgt, Cheryl Hackley, NGB, “Air Readiness Center 

renamed; scores ‘excellent’ inspection,” The On Guard, October 2006, p. 3.

1072 Email Extract(U), Mr Emanuel Pacheco, NGB-PA, to Emanuel Pacheco, 

et. al., Subj.: “Today’s Guardwatch – September 14,2006,” 14 September 

2006, 9:06 AM, w/Atch: “Guard group urges members to fight federalization 

plan,” Air Force Times, 13 September 2006, DOC 2006-7, RUN CHRON. 1073 News Item (U), “ANG Gets Rapid Air Base Group,” Air Force Magazine, 

February 2007, p. 22.

1074 News Item (U), “ANG Opens Predator Operations,” Air Force Magazine, 

February 2007, p. 18. 

1075 Article (U), AFPN, “Wyoming Air Guard dropping hay for Colorado 

cattle,” Air Force Print News Today, 4 January 2007,, 

http://www.af.mil/news/story_print?storyID=123036734, DOC 2007-1.

1076 Column (U), “News Notes,” Air Force Magazine, March 

2007, pp 24-25, DOC 2007-6.