Attachment H7

Alabama Modeling Summary 
BART Exemption Modeling 

of Sources in Alabama

January 2007 

Prepared For: 

VISTAS 

526 Forest Parkway, Suite F 

Forest Park, GA 30297 

Submitted By: 

TRC Environmental Corporation 

650 Suffolk Street, Wannalancit Mills 

Lowell, MA 01854 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

1. INTRODUCTION 1-1

2. SOURCE PARAMETERS 2-1

3. GEOPHYSICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA 3-1

3.1 Modeling Domain, Terrain, and Class I Areas 3-1

3.2 Land Use 3-1

3.3 Meteorological Data Base 3-4

3.4 Air Quality Monitoring Data 3-4

4. RESULTS 4-1

5. REFERENCES 5-1

LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

Table 2-1a. Lehigh Cement Company: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-2

Table 2-2a. Sloss Industries Fiber Div: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-3

Table 2-2b. Sloss Industries Fiber Div: Particle Speciation 2-3

Table 2-3a. ACIPCO: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-4

Table 2-3b. ACIPCO: Particle Speciation 2-4

Table 2-4a. U.S. Pipe-Bessemer: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-5

Table 2-4b. U.S. Pipe-Bessemer: Particle Speciation 2-5

Table 2-5a. U.S. Steel: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-6

Table 2-5b. U.S. Steel: Particle Speciation 2-6

Table 2-6a. Oak Grove Resources: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-7

Table 2-6b. Oak Grove Resources: Particle Speciation 2-7

Table 2-7a. 3M Company, Decatur Plant: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-8

Table 2-7b. 3M Company, Decatur Plant: Particle Speciation 2-8

i
Table 2-8a. National Cement Co of AL: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-9

Table 2-8b. National Cement Co of AL: Particle Speciation 2-9

Table 2-9a. CEMEX Demopolis: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-10

Table 2-9b. CEMEX Demopolis: Particle Speciation 2-11

Table 2-10a. MeadWestvaco-Mahrt: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-12

Table 2-10b. MeadWestvaco-Mahrt: Particle Speciation 2-12

Table 2-11a. International Paper-Prattville: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-13

Table 2-11b. International Paper-Prattville: Particle Speciation 2-13

Table 2-12a. Fort James Operating Co: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-14

Table 2-12b. Fort James Operating Co: Particle Speciation 2-14

Table 2-13a. Bowater-Coosa Pines: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-15

Table 2-13b. Bowater-Coosa Pines: Particle Speciation 2-15

Table 2-14a. International Paper-Riverdale: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-16

Table 2-14b. International Paper-Riverdale: Particle Speciation 2-16

Table 2-15a. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-17

Table 2-15b. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.: Particle Speciation 2-17

Table 2-16a. International Paper Co, Courtland: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-18

Table 2-16b. International Paper Co, Courtland: Particle Speciation 2-18

Table 2-17a. Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-19

Table 2-17b. Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill: Particle Speciation 2-19

Table 2-18a. Shell Chemical Co: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-20

Table 2-18b. Shell Chemical Co: Particle Speciation 2-20

Table 2-19a. Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-21

Table 2-19b. Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Particle Speciation 2-22

Table 2-20a. Boise White Paper: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-23

Table 2-20b. Boise White Paper: Particle Speciation 2-23

 ii 
Table 2-21a. Smurfit Stone Brewton: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-24

Table 2-21b. Smurfit Stone Brewton: Particle Speciation 2-24

Table 2-22a. Degussa Corp.: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-25

Table 2-22b. Degussa Corp.: Particle Speciation 2-26

Table 2-23a. Continental Carbon Company: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-27

Table 2-23b. Continental Carbon Company: Particle Speciation 2-27

Table 2-24a. Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc.: Source Parameters and Emissions 2-28

Table 2-24b. Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc.: Particle Speciation 2-28

Table 4-1. Summary of Visibility Results for Lehigh Cement Company 4-3

Table 4-2. Summary of Visibility Results for Sloss Industries Fiber Div 4-3

Table 4-3. Summary of Visibility Results for ACIPCO 4-3

Table 4-4. Summary of Visibility Results for U.S. Pipe- Bessemer 4-4

Table 4-5. Summary of Visibility Results for U.S. Steel 4-4

Table 4-6. Summary of Visibility Results for Oak Grove Resources 4-4

Table 4-7. Summary of Visibility Results for 3M Company, Decatur Plant 4-5

Table 4-8. Summary of Visibility Results for National Cement Co of AL 4-5

Table 4-9. Summary of Visibility Results for CEMEX Demopolis 4-5

Table 4-10. Summary of Visibility Results for MeadWestvaco-Mahrt 4-6

Table 4-11. Summary of Visibility Results for International Paper-Prattville 4-6

Table 4-12. Summary of Visibility Results for Fort James Operating Co 4-6

Table 4-13. Summary of Visibility Results for Bowater-Coosa Pines 4-7

Table 4-14. Summary of Visibility Results for International Paper-Riverdale 4-7

Table 4-15. Summary of Visibility Results for Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. 4-7

Table 4-16. Summary of Visibility Results for International Paper Co, Courtland 4-8

Table 4-17. Summary of Visibility Results for Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill 4-8

Table 4-18. Summary of Visibility Results for Shell Chemical Co 4-8

 iii 
 iv 

Table 4-19. Summary of Visibility Results for Ciba Specialty Chemicals 4-9

Table 4-20. Summary of Visibility Results for Boise White Paper 4-9

Table 4-21. Summary of Visibility Results for Smurfit Stone Brewton 4-9

Table 4-22. Summary of Visibility Results for Degussa Corp. 4-10

Table 4-23. Summary of Visibility Results for Continental Carbon Company 4-10

Table 4-24. Summary of Visibility Results for Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc. 4-10

Table 4-25. Monthly f(RH) Values Based on the Centroid of the Area, for Visibility Method 

6 Applications 4-11

LIST OF FIGURES 

Page 

Figure 3-1. Terrain elevations for the CALMET 12-km regional domain. The CALPUFF 

computational subdomain, the Class I areas and the locations of the Alabama 

facilities are also shown. 3-2

Figure 3-2. Terrain elevations for the CALPUFF Computational Subdomain. The Class I 

areas and the sites of the Alabama facilities are also shown. 3-3

Figure 3-3. Land Use for the CALPUFF Computational Subdomain. The Class I areas and 

the sites of the Alabama facilities are also shown. 3-5

Figure 3-4. Plot of ozone stations used for the CALPUFF simulations. The Class I areas and 

the sites of the Alabama facilities are also shown. 3-6
1. INTRODUCTION 

TRC Environmental Corporation, on behalf of VISTAS has been retained to conduct Best 

Available Retrofit Technology (BART) exemption modeling for a number of facilities in the 

southeastern United States. This report documents the results of the modeling simulations 

conducted in accordance with the VISTAS BART Protocol Revision 3.2 dated August 31, 2006 

(VISTAS, 2006) for emissions from twenty four BART-eligible facilities in Alabama. 

The VISTAS BART protocol is based on the use of the CALMET and CALPUFF models (Scire 

et al., 2000a, 2000b). The modeling approach uses 12-km VISTAS regional CALMET 

meteorological datasets for facilities located more than 50-km from the closest Class I area for 

screening simulations of predicted impacts. The highest impact during the three year simulation 

period is compared to a 0.5 deciview threshold. According to the VISTAS protocol, sources with 

impacts less than this threshold are not subject to BART control. 

The modeling uses the VISTAS version of the CALPUFF modeling system (CALMET Version 

5.723 and CALPUFF Version 5.754) available from the TRC Atmospheric Studies Group web 

site (http://www.src.com). 

Introduction 1-1 
2. SOURCE PARAMETERS 

VISTAS BART exemption modeling was performed for the twenty four facilities in Alabama. 

These sources are: (1) Lehigh Cement Company; (2) Sloss Industries Fiber Div; (3) ACIPCO; (4) 

U.S. Pipe-Bessemer; (5) U.S. Steel; (6) Oak Grove Resources; (7) 3M Company, Decatur Plant; 

(8) National Cement Co; (9) CEMEX Demopolis; (10) MeadWestvaco-Mahrt; (11) International 

Paper-Prattville; (12) Fort James Operating Co; (13) Bowater-Coosa Pines; (14) International 

Paper-Riverdale; (15) Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.; (16) International Paper Co, Courtland; 

(17) Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill; (18) Shell Chemical Co; (19) Ciba Specialty Chemicals; (20) Boise 

White Paper; (21) Smurfit Stone Brewton; (22) Degussa Corp.; (23) Continental Carbon 

Company; (24) Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc. These twenty four facilities were modeled using the 

screening 12-km regional VISTAS CALMET domain with CALPUFF computational subdomain 

as shown in Figure 3-1. Locations of the Alabama facilities are shown in Figures 3-1 through 3-3. 

Source parameters and emissions rates as provided by the State of Alabama for each of the twenty 

four facilities used in the CALPUFF simulations are shown in Tables 2-1a through 2-24a. Tables 

2-1b through 2-24b show the particle speciation used in the CALPUFF simulations. In the tables, 

the column heading PM10 includes all PM mass (condensable plus filterable) emitted as 

particulate matter less than 10 micrometers (μm) in diameter. The emissions labeled as PM2.5 are 

a subset of the PM10 composed of particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter. All condensable 

emissions are assumed to be in the PM2.5 size range. The PM10 and PM2.5 categories include 

H2SO4 emissions, which in the model are treated as primary sulfate (SO4). The emissions of 

H2SO4 are adjusted by the ratio of molecular weights (96/98) to obtain the emissions as SO4

which is entered into the model. 

The PM10 size distribution was represented in the modeling as six explicit size ranges. The 

particle sizes modeled were as 8.0 μm diameter size particles (PM800) reflecting the size bin 

6-10 μm, 4.25 μm diameter particles (PM425) for the size bin 2.5-6 μm, 1.875 μm particles 

(PM187) for the size bin 1.25-2.5 μm, 1.125 μm particles (PM112) for the size bin 1.00-1.25 μm, 

0.8125 μm particles (PM081) for the size bin 0.625-1.00 μm, and 0.5625 μm (PM056) for the size 

range 0.500-0.625 μm. PM056 was also used for all particles less than 0.5 μm diameter. 

Emissions of particulate matter in the 2.5-10 μm diameter size range define “coarse particulate 

matter”. Fine particles (soil) were defined using the particle size categories of PM187, PM112, 

PM081, and PM056 which is particulate matter with a size of 2.5 μm diameters or less. For 

sources with no speciation (emissions given as PM10 only) it was conservatively assumed that all 

the particulate emissions were condensable which have higher extinction efficiency than either 

soil or coarse particulate matter. Condensable emissions were assumed to be evenly distributed 

across the smallest two size categories modeled (i.e. 50 percent in PM081 and 50 percent in 

PM056). 

Source Parameters 2-1 
Table 2-1a. Lehigh Cement Company: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

005 965.814 -659.557 65.01 193.55 3.96 12.48 366.48 12.8898 - 78.8621 - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 

Source Parameters 2-2
Table 2-2a. Sloss Industries Fiber Div: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

S01 904.907 -663.399 55.17 175.56 3.73 6.66 344.82 4.922 - 0.261 0.0S01 904.907 -663.399 55.17 175.56 3.73 6.66 344.82 5.146 - 0.272 0.0S02 904.965 -663.455 2.49 175.56 1.09 40.53 314.82 - - - 0.2S03 904.965 -663.455 2.49 175.56 1.09 40.53 307.59 - - - 0.2

Table 2-2b. Sloss Industries Fiber Div: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

S01 100.0 0.0 0.01323 0.01323 - - - - - - - - - S01 100.0 0.0 0.01386 0.01386 - - - - - - - - - S02 100.0 0.0 0.13671 0.13671 - - - - - - - - - S03 100.0 0.0 0.14301 0.14301 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-3
Table 2-3a. ACIPCO: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

037 939.102 -661.834 28.35 180.29 1.22 22.57 307.6 0.87 - 4.33 0.4007 939.102 -661.834 23.06 177.77 1.52 22.83 533.2 0.01 - 1.99 0.0

Table 2-3b. ACIPCO: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

037 100.0 0.0 0.21735 0.21735 - - - - - - - - - 007 100.0 0.0 0.00712 0.00712 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-4
Table 2-4a. U.S. Pipe-Bessemer: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

8 (S10A1P1) 928.080 -677.526 2.74 148.67 0.44 5.23 298.71 - - - 0.38 (S10A2P1) 928.093 -677.562 2.74 148.67 0.44 6.16 298.71 - - - 0.38 (S10A3P1) 927.894 -677.571 2.74 157.91 0.44 6.16 298.71 - - - 0.18 (S10A5P1) 928.101 -677.449 2.74 148.79 0.44 6.16 298.71 - - - 0.08 (S02A3P1) 927.969 -677.353 20.42 165.94 0.10 32.99 298.71 - - - 0.0

Table 2-4b. U.S. Pipe-Bessemer: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

8 (S10A1P1) 100.0 0.0 0.16960 0.16960 - - - - - - - - - 8 (S10A2P1) 100.0 0.0 0.16292 0.16292 - - - - - - - - - 8 (S10A3P1) 100.0 0.0 0.06287 0.06287 - - - - - - - - - 8 (S10A5P1) 100.0 0.0 0.02413 0.02413 - - - - - - - - - 8 (S02A3P1) 100.0 0.0 0.00101 0.00101 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-5
Table 2-5a. U.S. Steel: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

113 930.891 -669.604 15.24 166.12 3.66 6.10 293.2 - - - 1.3214 930.828 -670.204 47.09 166.12 1.98 24.69 345.4 - - 2.03 1.3215 930.795 -670.163 47.09 166.12 1.98 24.69 345.4 - - 2.09 1.7217 930.831 -670.148 42.67 166.12 0.70 16.76 293.2 - - - 0.1218 930.892 -670.107 27.43 166.12 0.70 16.76 293.2 - - - 0.1225 929.645 -671.307 22.86 164.59 0.69 21.34 310.9 - - - - 

Table 2-5b. U.S. Steel: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

113 100.0 0.0 0.66843 0.66843 - - - - - - - - - 214 100.0 0.0 0.69426 0.69426 - - - - - - - - - 215 100.0 0.0 0.87444 0.87444 - - - - - - - - - 217 100.0 0.0 0.08064 0.08064 - - - - - - - - - 218 100.0 0.0 0.09828 0.09828 - - - - - - - - - 225 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-6
Table 2-6a. Oak Grove Resources: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

S102A 922.142 -674.011 9.14 175.26 0.88 15.21 293.2 - - - 0.1

S102B 922.142 -674.011 9.14 175.26 0.88 15.21 293.2 - - - 0.1S102C 922.142 -674.011 9.14 175.26 0.88 15.21 293.2 - - - 0.1

S103 921.553 -674.168 35.05 175.26 0.10 47.54 316.5 - - - 0.0S104 921.553 -674.168 6.10 175.26 0.20 11.53 316.5 - - - 0.0S105 921.553 -674.168 10.97 175.26 0.91 14.39 293.2 - - - 0.0S106 895.126 -676.861 12.19 175.26 0.81 17.25 293.2 - - - 0.0

S107A 921.553 -674.168 6.10 175.26 0.20 1.15 316.5 - - - 0.0

S107 B 921.553 -674.168 6.10 175.26 0.20 1.15 316.5 - - - 0.0

Table 2-6b. Oak Grove Resources: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

S102A 100.0 0.0 0.08694 0.08694 - - - - - - - - - 

S102B 100.0 0.0 0.08694 0.08694 - - - - - - - - - S102C 100.0 0.0 0.08694 0.08694 - - - - - - - - - 

S103 100.0 0.0 0.00110 0.00110 - - - - - - - - - S104 100.0 0.0 0.00083 0.00083 - - - - - - - - - S105 100.0 0.0 0.00517 0.00517 - - - - - - - - - S106 100.0 0.0 0.00057 0.00057 - - - - - - - - - 

S107A 100.0 0.0 0.00110 0.00110 - - - - - - - - - 

S107 B 100.0 0.0 0.00110 0.00110 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-7
Table 2-7a. 3M Company, Decatur Plant: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

X001 906.756 -543.225 13.41 181.05 1.37 10.71 585.93 8.303 - 4.158 1.7X020 906.756 -543.225 13.41 181.05 0.85 14.80 566.48 4.939 - 2.470 1.04X090 906.756 -543.225 33.53 181.05 0.61 4.61 533.15 0.001 - 0.154 0.0X091 906.756 -543.225 47.24 181.05 0.91 2.65 533.15 0.001 - 0.193 0.0X056 906.756 -543.225 13.41 181.05 0.85 14.80 566.48 4.939 - 2.470 1.04

Table 2-7b. 3M Company, Decatur Plant: Particle Speciation3a, 3b, 3c

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

X001 10.3 89.7 0.0756 0.0756 0.0126 0.0126 - 0.2268 0.4284 0.4032 0.4032 - - 0X020 12.0 88.0 0.0504 0.0504 0.0126 0.0126 - 0.1386 0.2520 0.2394 0.2394 - - 0X090 100.0 0.0 0.0009 0.0009 - - - - - - - - - X091 100.0 0.0 0.0013 0.0013 - - - - - - - - - X056 12.0 88.0 0.0504 0.0504 0.0126 0.0126 - 0.1386 0.2520 0.2394 0.2394 - - 0

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3a Emission rate in column labeled as “OC, 0.5-0.625 μm (g/s)” was provided by the state as “See OC 0.625-1 μm”. Emission rate for OC, 0.5-0.62

emission rate for OC 0.625-1 μm. Similar methodology was applied for other comments of this type. These values are written in green in Table 2-7b 

3b PM10 emissions (in g/s) provided by the state for stacks X001, X020 and X056 are: 07560, 0.4498 and 0.4498, respectively. The adjustments were m

the PM speciation provided by the state in Table 2-7b, such that: OC + IOC + Coarse + Soil + EC +H2SO4 = PM10 and Coarse = PM10 - PM2.5

3c The PM speciation was not provided by the state for stacks X090 and X091. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the tw

conservative approach since organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-8
Table 2-8a. National Cement Co of AL: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

52DC10 998.873 -634.496 11.28 156.36 3.73 10.06 398.2 - - - 0.2

54KP01 998.873 -634.496 65.23 156.36 3.89 14.33 388.2 44.98 - 66.15 4.2

71DC01 998.873 -634.496 18.90 158.50 0.91 25.30 366.5 - - - 0.071DC02 998.873 -634.496 13.72 158.50 1.26 22.86 349.8 - - - 0.072DC01 998.873 -634.496 18.90 158.50 0.91 25.30 366.5 - - - 0.072DC02 998.873 -634.496 13.72 158.50 1.17 18.29 349.8 - - - 0.0

Table 2-8b. National Cement Co of AL: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

52DC10 100.0 0.0 0.11529 0.11529 - - - - - - - - - 

54KP01 100.0 0.0 2.11806 2.11806 - - - - - - - - - 

71DC01 100.0 0.0 0.00819 0.00819 - - - - - - - - - 71DC02 100.0 0.0 0.00819 0.00819 - - - - - - - - - 72DC01 100.0 0.0 0.00630 0.00630 - - - - - - - - - 72DC02 100.0 0.0 0.00630 0.00630 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-9
Table 2-9a. CEMEX Demopolis: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

Z001-A 860.360 -785.689 39.32 33.53 0.25 14.09 294.3 - - - 0.0

Z001-B 860.373 -785.900 27.74 33.53 0.25 18.79 294.3 - - - 0.0

Z002 860.366 -785.749 28.96 33.53 2.13 6.54 380.4 - - - 2.7

Z004-1 860.360 -785.689 42.67 33.53 3.35 23.15 394.3 17.64 - 102.82 5.0Z004-2 860.430 -785.783 27.13 33.53 2.13 6.31 459.8 2.52 - 11.34 0.5

Z004-A 860.373 -785.900 33.22 33.53 0.41 21.95 338.7 - - - 0.1

Z004-B 860.373 -785.900 33.22 33.53 0.41 21.95 338.7 - - - 0.1Z004-C 860.360 -785.689 17.98 33.53 0.33 16.64 338.7 - - - 0.0

Z004-D 860.360 -785.689 39.93 33.53 0.33 16.64 338.7 - - - 0.0Z005-A 860.360 -785.689 35.97 33.53 0.25 19.41 344.3 - - - 0.0

Z005-B 860.360 -785.689 36.58 33.53 0.25 14.56 344.3 - - - 0.0Z005-C 860.360 -785.689 39.32 33.53 0.25 13.98 344.3 - - - 0.0

Z005-D 860.360 -785.689 27.74 33.53 0.20 29.12 344.3 - - - 0.0

Z005-E 860.360 -785.689 35.97 33.53 0.24 20.71 344.3 - - - 0.0

Z005-F 860.360 -785.689 32.61 33.53 0.39 21.33 344.3 - - - 0.1

Z006-A 860.360 -785.689 27.74 33.53 0.20 21.84 294.3 - - - 0.0

Z006-B 860.360 -785.689 27.74 33.53 0.20 21.84 294.3 - - - 0.0Z006-C 860.360 -785.689 20.73 33.53 0.91 33.80 377.6 - - - 1.0

Z007-A 860.360 -785.689 27.74 33.53 0.20 21.84 294.3 - - - 0.0

Z007-B 860.360 -785.689 20.73 33.53 0.91 33.95 377.6 - - - 1.0

Z008-A 860.534 -785.448 53.04 33.53 0.41 21.18 333.2 - - - 0.1

Z008-B 860.534 -785.448 55.47 33.53 0.46 17.26 333.2 - - - 0.1Z008-C 860.534 -785.448 6.10 33.53 0.23 17.47 333.2 - - - 0.0

Z009-A 860.534 -785.448 53.34 33.53 0.41 21.84 333.2 - - - 0.1

Z009-B 860.534 -785.448 6.10 33.53 0.23 17.47 333.2 - - - 0.0Z009-C 860.534 -785.448 8.53 33.53 0.20 29.12 333.2 - - - 0.0

Z010 860.430 -785.783 8.53 33.53 0.17 21.18 294.3 - - - 0.2

Source Parameters 2-10
Table 2-9b. CEMEX Demopolis: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

Z001-A 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - 

Z001-B 100.0 0.0 0.02142 0.02142 - - - - - - - - - 

Z002 100.0 0.0 1.35450 1.35450 - - - - - - - - - 

Z004-1 100.0 0.0 2.52000 2.52000 - - - - - - - - - Z004-2 100.0 0.0 0.25200 0.25200 - - - - - - - - - 

Z004-A 100.0 0.0 0.06489 0.06489 - - - - - - - - - 

Z004-B 100.0 0.0 0.06489 0.06489 - - - - - - - - - Z004-C 100.0 0.0 0.03213 0.03213 - - - - - - - - - 

Z004-D 100.0 0.0 0.02142 0.02142 - - - - - - - - - Z005-A 100.0 0.0 0.02142 0.02142 - - - - - - - - - 

Z005-B 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - Z005-C 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - 

Z005-D 100.0 0.0 0.02142 0.02142 - - - - - - - - - 

Z005-E 100.0 0.0 0.02142 0.02142 - - - - - - - - - 

Z005-F 100.0 0.0 0.05859 0.05859 - - - - - - - - - 

Z006-A 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - 

Z006-B 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - Z006-C 100.0 0.0 0.50778 0.50778 - - - - - - - - - 

Z007-A 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - 

Z007-B 100.0 0.0 0.50778 0.50778 - - - - - - - - - 

Z008-A 100.0 0.0 0.06489 0.06489 - - - - - - - - - 

Z008-B 100.0 0.0 0.06489 0.06489 - - - - - - - - - Z008-C 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - 

Z009-A 100.0 0.0 0.06489 0.06489 - - - - - - - - - 

Z009-B 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - Z009-C 100.0 0.0 0.02142 0.02142 - - - - - - - - - 

Z010 100.0 0.0 0.12978 0.12978 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

Source Parameters 2-11

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic
Table 2-10a. MeadWestvaco-Mahrt: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

X002 1125.188 -792.815 64.62 88.70 2.83 21.54 477.6 30.62 1.54 17.14 10.7X003 1125.209 -792.838 64.62 88.70 1.22 12.02 339.8 0.18 - - 3.0X005 1125.167 -792.689 22.86 88.70 1.52 8.86 343.7 14.11 - 5.63 6.1X008 1125.158 -792.826 64.62 88.70 3.66 7.56 373.2 30.13 0.0020 25.71 15.1X009 1125.162 -792.812 64.62 88.70 2.44 8.62 340.4 23.82 - 7.01 6.4

X102A 1125.149 -792.881 20.12 88.70 0.85 17.98 366.5 0.0006 - 0.11 0.0

X102B 1125.149 -792.881 20.12 88.70 0.73 25.05 366.5 0.0006 - 0.11 0.0X102C 1125.149 -792.881 20.12 88.70 0.73 24.81 366.5 0.0006 - 0.11 0.0

X102D 1125.149 -792.881 20.12 88.70 1.01 13.23 366.5 0.0006 - 0.11 0.0

Table 2-10b. MeadWestvaco-Mahrt: Particle Speciation3a, 3b

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

X002 38.9 61.1 0.4375 - 2.2105 - 1.54 1.8482 0.3026 1.0524 0.5854 0.8550 1.9469 X003 1.9 98.1 0.0151 - 0.0431 - - 0.3426 0.2097 0.5257 0.2599 0.4725 1.1429 X005 2.1 97.9 0.0097 - 0.1215 - - 0.1086 0.1328 0.6639 0.3682 1.4847 3.2772 X008 55.6 44.4 2.9445 - 5.4683 - 0.0020 2.7180 2.1355 0.5177 0.1294 0.8413 0.2589 0X009 20.5 79.5 0.4594 - 0.8531 - - 0.1019 0.0000 0.1019 0.0510 4.8407 - 

X102A 100.0 0.0 0.0065 0.0065 - - - - - - - - - 

X102B 100.0 0.0 0.0065 0.0065 - - - - - - - - - X102C 100.0 0.0 0.0065 0.0065 - - - - - - - - - 

X102D 100.0 0.0 0.0065 0.0065 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3a PM10 and PM2.5 emissions (in g/s) provided by the state for stacks X002, X003, X005, X008, and X009 are: 6.577 and 3.420, 2.953 and 2.156, 6.03

5.095 and 5.019, respectively. The adjustments were made in Table 2-10a (in blue) to match the PM speciation provided by the s

OC + IOC + Coarse + Soil + EC +H2SO4 = PM10 and Coarse = PM10 - PM2.5

3b The PM speciation was not provided by the state for stacks X102A, X102B, X102C and X102D. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided 

This is a conservative approach since organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

Source Parameters 2-12

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic
Table 2-11a. International Paper-Prattville: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

001 921.553 -674.168 62.48 62.03 3.20 14.61 413.7 28.10 - 11.59 5.6

A02 922.142 -674.011 60.35 62.03 1.19 10.61 331.5 0.13 - 0.13 3.1

B02 922.142 -674.011 60.35 62.03 1.19 9.11 337.0 0.13 - 0.13 3.1

003 922.142 -674.011 45.72 62.06 1.88 7.99 341.5 - - 2.14 9.8801 921.553 -674.168 66.75 62.03 1.83 17.47 339.3 56.70 - 15.62 3.6802 921.553 -674.168 66.75 62.03 1.83 17.07 340.4 56.70 - 15.62 3.6

Table 2-11b. International Paper-Prattville: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

X008 100.0 0.0 2.83500 2.83500 - - - - - - - - - X009 100.0 0.0 1.57500 1.57500 - - - - - - - - - 

X102A 100.0 0.0 1.57500 1.57500 - - - - - - - - - 

X102B 100.0 0.0 4.91400 4.91400 - - - - - - - - - X102C 100.0 0.0 1.82700 1.82700 - - - - - - - - - 

X102D 100.0 0.0 1.82700 1.82700 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. Thi

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-13
Table 2-12a. Fort James Operating Co: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g/

Z016 843.898 -819.590 76.20 25.91 1.83 21.44 457.6 59.18 0.498 24.847 6.52Z017 843.887 -819.620 76.20 25.91 1.98 15.65 408.2 61.55 2.772 24.646 8.46

X195 843.943 -819.651 36.58 25.91 1.52 12.94 595.4 0.01 - 6.917 - X196 843.928 -819.659 36.58 25.91 1.52 12.94 595.4 0.01 - 6.917 - 

Table 2-12b. Fort James Operating Co: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

Z016 72.7 27.3 0.4267 0.4271 1.6947 1.6947 0.498 0.1562 0.4082 0.2948 0.1021 0.7812 0.0000 0Z017 41.3 58.7 0.0517 0.0516 0.3100 0.3100 2.772 0.6313 0.7459 1.3759 0.3440 0.2293 1.3759 0

X195 - - - - - - - - - - - - - X196 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 PM10 and PM2.5 emissions (in g/s) provided by the state for stacks Z016 and Z017 are: 6.010 and 5.443, and 5.733 and 4.356, respectively. The adju

(in blue) to match the PM speciation provided by the state in Table 2-12b, such that: OC + IOC + Coarse + Soil + EC +H2SO4 = PM10 and Coarse = PM10 - PM2.

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-14
Table 2-13a. Bowater-Coosa Pines: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

SDT3 985.835 -680.789 57.30 128.56 1.68 5.36 359.0 0.02 0.001 - 0.8

RB3 985.875 -680.791 60.99 128.56 3.01 25.01 447.0 6.37 0.318 6.453 2.8LK3 985.801 -680.844 27.43 128.56 1.37 8.99 346.5 0.38 0.019 0.292 3.8

Table 2-13b. Bowater-Coosa Pines: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

SDT3 100.0 0.0 0.42200 0.42200 - - 0.001 - - - - - - 

RB3 100.0 0.0 1.27795 1.27795 - - 0.318 - - - - - - LK3 100.0 0.0 1.91990 1.91990 - - 0.019 - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-15
Table 2-14a. International Paper-Riverdale: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emis

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

BP1 949.689 -786.352 34.75 0.00 1.19 13.15 315.9 - - - 

RB1 949.689 -786.352 60.96 61.87 2.65 16.95 460.9 34.27 0.290 4.738 0.2

ST1 949.689 -786.352 44.81 61.87 1.07 11.19 347.0 0.02 - 0.093 3.0

PB1 949.689 -786.352 44.81 61.87 2.13 11.29 414.8 17.77 - 20.790 0.2

Table 2-14b. International Paper-Riverdale: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

BP1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

RB1 - - - - - - 0.290 - - - - - - 

ST1 100.0 0.0 1.53997 1.53997 - - - - - - - - - 

PB1 100.0 0.0 0.12474 0.12474 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-16
Table 2-15a. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emis

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

X001 858.278 -958.720 30.48 9.75 1.22 5.62 1005.37 0.04 - 0.639 X002 858.108 -958.433 30.48 9.75 1.22 5.62 1005.37 3.74 - 0.884 X015 857.592 -958.844 9.14 9.75 0.76 9.27 410.9 - - 0.360 X016 857.968 -958.571 9.14 9.75 0.66 12.63 422.0 - - 0.360 X099 857.929 -958.463 24.38 9.75 0.18 14.45 294.3 - - - 0.0X099 858.094 -958.479 24.38 9.75 0.13 26.08 294.3 - - - 0.1X099 858.100 -958.445 16.46 9.75 0.10 533.15 2.35 - 0.003 0.0

Table 2-15b. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

X001 100.0 0.0 0.01008 0.01008 - - - - - - - - - X002 100.0 0.0 0.01134 0.01134 - - - - - - - - - X015 100.0 0.0 0.01386 0.01386 - - - - - - - - - X016 100.0 0.0 0.01386 0.01386 - - - - - - - - - X099 100.0 0.0 0.00063 0.00063 - - - - - - - - - X099 100.0 0.0 0.06174 0.06174 - - - - - - - - - X099 100.0 0.0 0.02961 0.02961 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-17
Table 2-16a. International Paper Co, Courtland: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emis

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

1lk 881.287 -535.672 21.34 184.28 1.22 9.53 347.6 - 0.003 0.441 3.42lk 881.287 -535.672 60.96 184.10 1.47 5.39 342.3 0.03 0.021 1.006 1.1

1pb 881.287 -535.672 79.55 184.10 2.38 19.30 339.3 - 0.282 14.192 5.42pb 881.210 -535.882 79.55 184.10 3.51 12.94 339.1 8.25 - 6.205 2.5

2rb 881.298 -535.772 79.55 184.10 3.35 22.76 451.4 54.43 0.543 19.152 4.5

2rsdtv 881.298 -535.772 79.55 184.10 1.22 9.75 357.0 0.02 0.008 - 1.4

pkgblr 881.287 -535.672 79.55 184.10 2.13 18.03 485.9 - - - 4.5

Table 2-16b. International Paper Co, Courtland: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

1lk 100.0 0.0 1.72108 1.72108 - - 0.003 - - - - - - 2lk 100.0 0.0 0.57268 0.57268 - - 0.021 - - - - - - 

1pb 100.0 0.0 2.56366 2.56366 - - 0.282 - - - - - - 2pb 100.0 0.0 1.25024 1.25024 - - - - - - - - - 

2rb 100.0 0.0 2.00781 2.00781 - - 0.543 - - - - - - 

2rsdtv 100.0 0.0 0.74227 0.74227 - - 0.008 - - - - - - 

pkgblr 100.0 0.0 2.29950 2.29950 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-18
Table 2-17a. Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emis

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

Z002 898.048 -842.584 20.57 32.31 1.83 10.54 343.7 3.62 0.033 6.779 1.8Z007 897.898 -842.869 86.87 32.28 6.10 7.84 489.0 111.04 1.733 27.537 9.9Z010 897.898 -842.869 86.87 32.28 6.10 7.84 489.0 44.98 0.507 32.313 3.5

Table 2-17b. Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

Z002 14.8 85.2 0.01508 0.03328 0.0603 0.1331 0.033 0.0016 0.0354 0.1770 0.0981 0.3958 0.8736 Z007 21.0 79.0 0.02416 0.04832 0.0966 0.1933 1.733 0.9528 2.2521 2.0789 0.5197 0.6930 1.3859 Z010 24.7 75.3 0.01069 0.06416 0.0428 0.2566 0.507 0.6817 0.8421 0.4812 0.1203 0.0802 0.4812 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 PM10 and PM2.5 emissions (in g/s) provided by the state for stacks Z002, Z007, Z010 are: 1.915 and 1.687, 10.172 and 6.612, and 6.683 and 4.344, r

were made in Table 2-17a (in blue) to match the PM speciation provided by the state in Table 2-17b, such that: OC + IOC + Coarse + Soil + EC +H2SO4 = PM10 and Coarse = PM10 - PM2.5

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-19
Table 2-18a. Shell Chemical Co: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

1001 856.542 -979.628 22.86 4.57 1.37 1.45 588.71 0.1663 - 0.3087 0.041010 856.542 -979.628 48.77 4.57 2.13 1.37 560.93 0.4788 - 2.6460 0.11101 856.542 -979.628 32.23 4.57 0.91 1.91 527.59 0.1159 - 0.2167 0.01102 856.542 -979.628 33.53 4.57 1.83 2.29 574.82 0.4990 - 5.2920 0.04

Table 2-18b. Shell Chemical Co: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

1001 100.0 0.0 0.02394 0.02394 - - - - - - - - - 1010 100.0 0.0 0.06804 0.06804 - - - - - - - - - 1101 100.0 0.0 0.01638 0.01638 - - - - - - - - - 1102 100.0 0.0 0.02394 0.02394 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-20
Table 2-19a. Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emis

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

08EP1 857.709 -902.356 18.29 14.81 0.15 0.03 293.15 - - - 08EP4 857.709 -902.356 12.19 14.81 0.25 2.37 303.15 - - - 08EP3 857.709 -902.356 10.67 14.81 0.10 1.04 347.04 0.0252 - - 

GFBTC301 857.709 -902.356 9.30 14.81 0.05 2.87 263.71 - - - 

GFVSL001 857.709 -902.356 6.10 14.81 0.08 0.89 310.93 - - - 

IFBRF001 857.709 -902.356 6.10 14.81 0.34 12.84 298.15 - - - 

IFDSF001 857.709 -902.356 7.32 14.81 0.20 11.64 298.15 - - - 

IFPKG001 857.709 -902.356 13.72 14.81 0.34 45.72 298.15 - - - IFPKG002 857.709 -902.356 9.14 14.81 0.34 10.06 298.15 - - - 0.0

IFVSL001 857.709 -902.356 7.62 14.81 0.03 3.57 308.15 - - - IFVSL003 857.709 -902.356 7.62 14.81 0.03 3.57 308.15 - - - IFVSL005 857.709 -902.356 9.14 14.81 0.08 0.66 313.15 - - - IFVSL007 857.709 -902.356 9.14 14.81 0.08 0.67 316.48 - - - IFVSL009 857.709 -902.356 9.14 14.81 0.08 0.39 308.15 - - - IFVSL010 857.709 -902.356 9.14 14.81 0.08 0.41 348.15 - - - 

10EP1 857.709 -902.356 18.29 14.81 0.15 22.56 305.37 - - - 

10EP11 857.709 -902.356 6.10 14.81 0.05 20.39 302.59 - - - 10EP12 857.709 -902.356 6.10 14.81 0.05 8.00 302.59 - - - 10EP15 857.709 -902.356 21.34 14.81 0.10 2.71 277.59 - - - 

10EP2 857.709 -902.356 21.34 14.81 0.08 3.66 308.15 - - - 10EP5 857.709 -902.356 21.34 14.81 0.10 0.47 363.15 - - - 10EP6 857.709 -902.356 21.34 14.81 0.10 0.21 292.59 - - - 10EP7 857.709 -902.356 21.34 14.81 0.10 0.48 363.15 - - - 10EP8 857.709 -902.356 12.19 14.81 0.61 21.21 331.48 0.0013 - 0.0403 0.010EP9 857.709 -902.356 15.24 14.81 0.25 7.16 366.48 - - - 0.0

010 857.709 -902.356 12.19 14.81 1.62 10.67 435.93 0.0091 - 8.3135 0.0011 857.709 -902.356 12.19 14.81 1.62 8.72 435.93 1.5372 - 3.3088 0.5012 857.709 -902.356 14.63 14.81 1.52 11.89 422.04 0.0091 - 8.3135 0.0013 857.709 -902.356 14.63 14.81 1.52 11.89 422.04 0.0091 - 8.3135 0.0

16EP1 857.709 -902.356 19.81 14.81 0.20 4.36 293.15 0.0000 - - 0.0

16EP11 857.709 -902.356 39.01 14.81 0.91 9.02 1172.04 0.0013 - 0.5443 0.016EP12 857.709 -902.356 1.52 14.81 0.30 0.03 293.15 - - - 0.016EP13 857.709 -902.356 12.19 14.81 0.08 10.36 293.15 - - - 0.016EP14 857.709 -902.356 28.96 14.81 0.23 7.80 293.15 - - - 0.0

16EP3 857.709 -902.356 9.14 14.81 0.15 10.36 293.15 - - - 0.016EP5 857.709 -902.356 31.09 14.81 0.30 6.92 304.26 - - - 16EP7 857.709 -902.356 17.68 14.81 0.20 19.81 293.15 - - - 0.016EP9 857.709 -902.356 12.19 14.81 0.36 18.87 293.15 - - - 0.0

Source Parameters 2-21
Table 2-19b. Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack ID 

# condensable PM10 filterable PM10 organic condensable (OC) inorganic condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48 

SD4=2.0 

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-2.5 

μm 

1.0-1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

1.

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

08EP1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 08EP4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 08EP3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

GFBTC301 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

GFVSL001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

IFBRF001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

IFDSF001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

IFPKG001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - IFPKG002 100.0 0.0 0.00315 0.00315 - - - - - - - - - 

IFVSL001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - IFVSL003 - - - - - - - - - - - - - IFVSL005 - - - - - - - - - - - - - IFVSL007 - - - - - - - - - - - - - IFVSL009 - - - - - - - - - - - - - IFVSL010 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

10EP1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

10EP11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10EP12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10EP15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

10EP2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10EP5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10EP6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10EP7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10EP8 100.0 0.0 0.00800 0.00800 - - - - - - - - - 10EP9 100.0 0.0 0.00945 0.00945 - - - - - - - - - 

010 100.0 0.0 0.01884 0.01884 - - - - - - - - - 011 100.0 0.0 0.27474 0.27474 - - - - - - - - - 012 100.0 0.0 0.01884 0.01884 - - - - - - - - - 013 100.0 0.0 0.01884 0.01884 - - - - - - - - - 

16EP1 100.0 0.0 0.00347 0.00347 - - - - - - - - - 

16EP11 100.0 0.0 0.00252 0.00252 - - - - - - - - - 16EP12 100.0 0.0 0.00347 0.00347 - - - - - - - - - 16EP13 100.0 0.0 0.00422 0.00422 - - - - - - - - - 16EP14 100.0 0.0 0.00088 0.00088 - - - - - - - - - 

16EP3 100.0 0.0 0.00347 0.00347 - - - - - - - - - 16EP5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16EP7 100.0 0.0 0.01556 0.01556 - - - - - - - - - 16EP9 100.0 0.0 0.00422 0.00422 - - - - - - - - - 

3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

Source Parameters 2-22
Table 2-20a. Boise White Paper: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emis

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

Z003 864.071 -900.105 42.06 13.72 1.07 14.14 349.82 0.0709 - 0.7754 1.3

Z011-N 863.990 -900.046 67.36 13.72 2.29 13.35 436.48 0.2180 0.6350 3.4335 1.9

Z011-S 863.980 -900.047 67.36 13.72 2.29 13.35 436.48 0.2180 0.6350 3.4335 1.9

Z012 863.980 -900.047 64.92 13.72 1.52 6.13 342.59 0.0315 - 0.1260 1.0Z013 864.015 -900.010 60.96 13.72 2.44 16.28 465.37 6.8922 0.1075 8.9832 4.8

Table 2-20b. Boise White Paper: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

Z003 13.3 86.7 0.01081 0.02386 0.0433 0.0955 - 0.0012 0.0254 0.1269 0.0704 0.2838 0.6264 

Z011-N 47.2 52.8 0.02030 0.03756 0.0812 0.1502 0.6350 0.1157 0.1938 0.1790 0.0848 0.1615 0.2988 

Z011-S 47.2 52.8 0.02030 0.03756 0.0812 0.1502 0.6350 0.1157 0.1938 0.1790 0.0848 0.1615 0.2988 

Z012 10.4 89.6 0.00644 0.01557 0.0258 0.0623 - 0.0117 0.0752 0.1885 0.0932 0.1694 0.4098 Z013 5.3 94.7 0.01008 0.02015 0.0403 0.0806 0.1075 0.5600 1.3236 1.2218 0.3054 0.4073 0.8145 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 PM10 and PM2.5 emissions (in g/s) provided by the state for stacks Z003, Z011-N, Z011-S, Z012, and Z013 are: 1.3734 and 1.2100, 2.1918 and 1.52

and 1.1252, and 5.7204 and 5.6060, respectively. The adjustments were made in Table 2-20a (in blue) to match the PM speciation provided by the s

OC + IOC + Coarse + Soil + EC +H2SO4 = PM10 and Coarse = PM10 - PM2.5

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-23
Table 2-21a. Smurfit Stone Brewton: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

RB3 943.549 -938.066 73.46 30.78 3.05 15.72 484.86 7.0519 0.2016 9.9653 0.4

SDT3 943.525 -938.065 73.46 30.78 1.52 6.07 338.91 0.2010 - 0.3015 1.7

RB2 943.506 -938.045 76.20 30.78 3.66 9.87 419.95 8.7256 0.0510 4.8476 4.0

SDT2 943.535 -938.029 33.53 30.78 1.07 10.30 345.11 0.1215 - 0.1822 1.22

PB2_N 943.528 -938.051 76.20 30.78 1.83 28.41 502.59 0.2164 0.0108 3.8991 0.0

PB2_S 943.529 -938.057 76.20 30.78 1.83 28.56 504.26 0.2164 0.0108 3.8991 0.0

LK2 943.574 -937.959 22.86 30.78 1.01 11.13 346.41 0.2077 - 1.9776 0.5

PKG 943.497 -938.001 76.20 30.78 3.66 19.44 449.82 0.0037 - 0.8642 - 

Table 2-21b. Smurfit Stone Brewton: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable 

H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

S01 100.0 0.0 0.37131 0.37131 - - 0.2016 - - - - - - S01 100.0 0.0 0.94399 0.94399 - - - - - - - - - S02 100.0 0.0 4.69623 4.69623 - - 0.0510 - - - - - - S03 100.0 0.0 0.64791 0.64791 - - - - - - - - - S01 100.0 0.0 0.41456 0.41456 - - 0.0108 - - - - - - S01 100.0 0.0 0.41456 0.41456 - - 0.0108 - - - - - - S02 100.0 0.0 0.29980 0.29980 - - - - - - - - - S03 100.0 0.0 0.02346 0.02346 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. Generally, when PM speciation is not provided, difference between the PM10 and H2SO4 emission

two size categories of OC. In this case, PM10 + PM2.5 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is a cons

condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-24
Table 2-22a. Degussa Corp.: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

ME1 845.897 -997.075 52.73 7.62 0.61 18.90 324.82 10.7604 0.1111 1.3104 0.2ME2 845.897 -997.075 31.70 7.62 0.81 31.64 295.37 - - - 0.12

204 843.623 -994.926 39.62 7.62 0.46 6.33 291.48 - - - 0.0205 843.623 -994.926 27.43 7.62 0.08 7.25 287.04 - - - 0.0

205A 843.623 -994.926 9.14 7.62 0.20 0.15 290.37 - - - 0.0

206 843.623 -994.926 27.43 7.62 0.51 32.14 306.48 - - - 0.0207 843.623 -994.926 33.53 7.62 0.25 27.33 294.82 - - - 0.0208 843.623 -994.926 24.38 7.62 0.25 23.32 306.48 - - - 0.0

208A 843.623 -994.926 27.43 7.62 0.20 14.55 345.37 - - - 0.0

209 843.623 -994.926 48.77 7.62 0.20 15.75 293.15 - - - 0.0210 843.623 -994.926 48.77 7.62 0.20 15.75 293.15 - - - 0.0211 843.623 -994.926 48.77 7.62 0.20 15.75 293.15 - - - 0.0212 843.623 -994.926 18.29 7.62 0.20 16.09 294.26 - - - 0.1213 843.623 -994.926 35.43 7.62 3.66 0.05 294.26 - - - 0.0004 848.432 -1010.974 45.72 7.62 1.52 12.81 422.04 0.0794 - 7.3962 0.2

0A1 845.586 -1004.091 65.53 7.62 3.05 28.01 1477.59 0.0053 - 22.1760 0.00A2 845.586 -1004.091 65.53 7.62 3.05 28.01 1477.59 0.0053 - 22.1760 0.00A4 845.586 -1004.091 22.86 7.62 1.31 29.87 485.37 0.0126 - 6.7448 0.10A6 845.586 -1004.091 42.67 7.62 0.08 21.95 293.15 - - - - 0A7 845.586 -1004.091 9.14 7.62 0.20 130.91 293.15 - - - - 

Source Parameters 2-25
Table 2-22b. Degussa Corp.: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

ME1 100.0 0.0 0.05040 0.05040 - - 0.1111 - - - - - - ME2 100.0 0.0 0.06048 0.06048 - - - - - - - - - 

204 100.0 0.0 0.00693 0.00693 - - - - - - - - - 205 100.0 0.0 0.00013 0.00013 - - - - - - - - - 

205A 100.0 0.0 0.00001 0.00001 - - - - - - - - - 

206 100.0 0.0 0.03194 0.03194 - - - - - - - - - 207 100.0 0.0 0.04001 0.04001 - - - - - - - - - 208 100.0 0.0 0.03553 0.03553 - - - - - - - - - 

208A 100.0 0.0 0.00321 0.00321 - - - - - - - - - 

209 100.0 0.0 0.00995 0.00995 - - - - - - - - - 210 100.0 0.0 0.00995 0.00995 - - - - - - - - - 211 100.0 0.0 0.00995 0.00995 - - - - - - - - - 212 100.0 0.0 0.05040 0.05040 - - - - - - - - - 213 100.0 0.0 0.00995 0.00995 - - - - - - - - - 004 100.0 0.0 0.10017 0.10017 - - - - - - - - - 

0A1 100.0 0.0 0.00460 0.00460 - - - - - - - - - 0A2 100.0 0.0 0.00460 0.00460 - - - - - - - - - 0A4 100.0 0.0 0.07938 0.07938 - - - - - - - - - 0A6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0A7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-26
Table 2-23a. Continental Carbon Company: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

EPN-7 1126.446 -763.997 8.72 71.63 0.41 9.14 588.71 1.8358 - 0.2810 0.1

Table 2-23b. Continental Carbon Company: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

EPN-7 100.0 0.0 0.05859 0.05859 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic

Source Parameters 2-27
Source Parameters 2-28

Table 2-24a. Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc.: Source Parameters and Emissions

Lambert Conformal 

Stack Coordinates 

ID # LCC East LCC North 

Stack 

Height 

Base 

Elevation Diameter Gas Exit Velocity 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. 

SO2

Emissions 

H2SO4

Emissions1

NOx

Emissions 

PM

Emiss

km km m m m m/s K g/s g/s g/s g

002 947.355 -697.938 31.19 176.11 1.98 8.22 343.71 1.8257 0.0002 15.5043 0.3003 947.375 -697.977 14.94 176.60 0.94 68.03 505.37 2.4746 0.0006 7.2135 0.3017 947.375 -697.977 15.24 174.59 0.45 17.73 322.04 - - - 0.0006 947.227 -698.003 21.64 167.64 0.55 9.77 362.04 - - - 0.04007 947.226 -697.993 18.29 167.64 0.61 14.56 294.26 - - - 0.1008 947.218 -698.009 2.44 167.21 1.04 17.10 294.26 - - - 0.0

Table 2-24b. Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc.: Particle Speciation3

Particle speciation Condensable Filterable Stack 

ID # condensable 

PM10

filterable 

PM10

organic 

condensable (OC) 

inorganic 

condensable H2SO4 COARSE Soil 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

0.625

-1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

M4=0.48

SD4=2.0

μm 

6-10 

μm 

2.5-6 

μm 

1.25-

2.5 

μm 

1.0-

1.25 

μm 

0.625-

1.0 

μm 

0.5-

0.625 

μm 

% % g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s g/s 

002 100.0 0.0 0.19076 0.19076 - - 0.0002 - - - - - - 003 100.0 0.0 0.17861 0.17861 - - 0.0006 - - - - - - 017 100.0 0.0 0.00019 0.00019 - - - - - - - - - 006 100.0 0.0 0.02123 0.02123 - - - - - - - - - 007 100.0 0.0 0.05450 0.05450 - - - - - - - - - 008 100.0 0.0 0.01613 0.01613 - - - - - - - - - 

1 H2SO4 emissions are entered in CALPUFF as SO4 i.e., weighted by ratio of molecular weights (96/98). 2 PM10 emission rate includes filterable and condensable emissions. The condensable component includes H2SO4 emissions. 3 The PM speciation was not provided by the state. All PM10 - H2SO4 emissions were equally divided between the two size categories of OC. This is 

organic condensables have an extinction efficiency of 4 m2/g. 

4 M and SD stand for Geometric Mass Mean Diameter and Geometric Standard Deviation. These are the parameters used to calculate the (SO4) partic
3. GEOPHYSICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA 

3.1 Modeling Domain, Terrain, and Class I Areas 

Gridded terrain elevations for the 12-km regional VISTAS modeling domain are derived from 

GTOPO30, a global digital elevation model (DEM) with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc 

seconds (approximately 1 kilometer). GTOPO30 is a global data set covering the full extent of 

latitude from 90 degrees south to 90 degrees north, and the full extent of longitude from 180 

degrees west to 180 degrees east, developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The 

horizontal grid spacing is 30-arc seconds, resulting in a DEM having dimensions of 21,600 rows 

and 43,200 columns. The horizontal coordinate system is decimal degrees of latitude and 

longitude referenced to WGS84. The vertical units represent elevation in meters above mean sea 

level. GTOPO30 has been divided into 33 smaller pieces, or tiles. Two of these tiles cover 

regional VISTAS domain: W100N40 and W100N90. 

The VISTAS CALMET 12-km regional domain was used in CALPUFF modeling and BART 

visibility analysis for twenty four facilities in Alabama. The CALPUFF computational subdomain 

was chosen to cover all Class I areas that are within 300 km from the AL sources, as well as a 50 

km buffer zone from these Class I areas and the Alabama facilities. The subdomain extends at 

least 50 km from the Class I areas and all of the facilities in order to provide an adequate buffer 

zone at the boundaries, and to allow the effects of flow curvature and possible small-scale 

recirculation to be evaluated. 

Figure 3-1 shows contours of the terrain averaged to 12 km grid cells on the VISTAS 12-km 

regional domain. Blue rectangle depicts the area of the CALPUFF computational subdomain 

covering 768 km by 1020 km or 64x85 grid cells. A Lambert Conformal Projection is used with 

an origin of 40.0N, 97.0W and standard parallels at 33N and 45N. The datum used is NWS-84. 

The Class I areas covered by the computational subdomain and that were included in the BART 

visibility analysis are: Cohutta, Great Smoky Mountains, Joyce Kilmer-Slickrok, Linville Gorge, 

Okefenokee, Shining Rock, Sipsey and St. Marks (Figure 3-2). 

3.2 Land Use 

The USGS Land Use data within the CALMET regional and subregional domains have been used 

to produce a gridded field of dominant land use categories. The land use data were obtained in 

Composite Theme Grid format (CTG) from the USGS, with a resolution of 200 m. For the 

portions of the domains where CTG data were missing, North America USGS land use/land cover 

data have been used. The North America land cover data base is one portion of a global land 

cover characteristics data base that was developed on a continent-by-continent basis with 1-km 

nominal spatial resolution. 

Land use data were processed to produce a 12 km resolution gridded field of fractional land use 

categories for the regional domain. The 37 USGS land use categories were then mapped into 

14 CALMET land use categories. Surface properties such as albedo, Bowen ratio, roughness 

Geophysical and Meteorological Data 3-1 
Geophysical and Meteorological Data 3-2 

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

LCC East (km)

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

LCC North (km)

LCC Origin: 40.0 N, 97.0 W

Standard Parallels: 33.0 N, 45.0 N

Datum: NWS-84

Elevation

(meters)

AL GA

TN

SC

NC

VA

FL

KY

Cohutta

Great Smoky Mountains

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock

Linville Gorge

Okefenokee

Shining Rock

Sipsey

St Marks -25

0.1

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

AL facility

CALPUFF 

computational domain

Figure 3-1. Terrain elevations for the CALMET 12-km regional domain. The CALPUFF 

computational subdomain, the Class I areas and the locations of the Alabama facilities are 

also shown. 
Geophysical and Meteorological Data 3-3 

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

LCC East (km)

-1200

-1100

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

LCC North (

km)

2 3 1

4

56

7

8

9 10 11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

1920

21

22

23

24

LCC Origin: 40.0 N, 97.0 W

Standard Parallels: 33.0 N, 45.0 N

Datum: NWS-84

Elevation

(meters)

AL GA

TN

SC

NC

VA

FL

KY

Cohutta

Great Smoky Mountains

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock

Linville Gorge

Okefenokee

Shining Rock

Sipsey

St Marks

-25

0.1

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

AL facility

Figure 3-2. Terrain elevations for the CALPUFF computational subdomain. The Class I areas and the 

sites of the Alabama facilities are also shown. 
Geophysical and Meteorological Data 3-4 

length, and leaf area index were computed proportionally to the fractional land use. The USGS 

land use categories and their associated geophysical parameters are described in Scire et al. 

(2000a). Figure 3-3 shows the dominant land use categories for each CALMET grid cell in the 

modeling subdomain. 

3.3 Meteorological Data Base 

The meteorological data used include the three dimensional gridded model output from the Fifth 

Generation Penn State/NCAR MM5 (Grell 1995) provided by VISTAS. VISTAS has assembled 

three years of MM5 meteorological data for the regional CALPUFF modeling. These MM5 

datasets have been developed by EPA for 2001, VISTAS for 2002 and Midwest Regional 

Planning Organization (RPO) for 2003. The MM5 gridded data set consists of hourly values of 

wind speed, wind direction, temperature and pressure on a grid covering the VISTAS regional 

12-km CALMET domain. The MM5 data was run at a horizontal spatial resolution of 12-km for 

years 2001 and 2002 and 36-km for year 2003. For the VISTAS regional 12-km domain 

CALMET runs have been made in the no-observational mode. 

3.4 Air Quality Monitoring Data 

CALPUFF uses hourly ozone concentration measurements in the chemical transformation rates 

(SO2 to SO4, NOx to HNO3/NO3). The ambient ozone measurements are used in determining SO2

loss rates due to chemical transformation to sulfate and in determining NOx loss rates to nitrate. 

Ambient ozone monitoring data from the U.S. EPA AIRS and CASTNET networks were used to 

develop the hourly ozone monitoring data file (OZONE.DAT). Figure 3-4 provides a plot of 

available ozone monitoring stations that were used for the CALPUFF modeling. 

For the base case simulations, a constant ammonia concentration of 0.5 parts per billion (ppb) 

was assumed as recommended by the Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling 

(IWAQM, 1998) for forested Class I areas. In this application of the model, the Ammonia 

Limiting Method (ALM) was not used. 
Geophysical and Meteorological Data 3-5 

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

LCC East (km)

-1200

-1100

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

LCC North (km)

2 3 1

4

56

7

8

9 10 11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

1920

21

22

23

24

LCC Origin: 40.0 N, 97.0 W

Standard Parallels: 33.0 N, 45.0 N

Datum: NWS-84

AL GA

TN

SC

NC

VA

FL

KY

Cohutta

Great Smoky Mountains

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock

Linville Gorge

Okefenokee

Shining Rock

Sipsey

St Marks

AL facility

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Urban/

built-up land

Agricultural

land

Rangeland

Forest land

Water

Wetland

Barren land

Tundra

Snow / Ice

Figure 3-3. Land Use for the CALPUFF computational subdomain. The Class I areas and the sites of 

the Alabama facilities are also shown. . 
Geophysical and Meteorological Data 3-6 

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

LCC East (km)

-1300

-1200

-1100

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

LCC North (km)

2 3 1

465

7

8

9 10 11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

1920

21

22

23

24

LCC Origin: 40.0 N, 97.0 W

Standard Parallels: 33.0 N, 45.0 N

Datum: NWS-84

Elevation

(meters)

AL GA

TN

SC

NC

VA

FL

KY

Cohutta

Great Smoky Mountains

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock

Linville Gorge

Okefenokee

Shining Rock

Sipsey

St Marks

-25

0.1

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

CALPUFF 

computational domain

AL facility

Ozone data

Figure 3-4. Plot of ozone stations used for the CALPUFF simulations. The Class I areas and the sites 

of the Alabama facilities are also shown. 
4. RESULTS 

The results of the CALMET and CALPUFF modeling for twenty four BART-eligible facilities in 

Alabama are presented in this section. The simulations were conducted over the three year period 

of 2001-2003. Modeling was conducted using the VISTAS 12-km gridded CALMET 

meteorological data files. The POSTUTIL program was used to scale and sum the various 

CALPUFF concentration files to obtain total concentrations. Emission rates of SO2, SO4, and 

NOx were input directly to the CALPUFF model while the six particulate species defining 

specific size categories were modeled as a unit emission rate (1 g/s) and then scaled source by 

source using the POSTUTIL program. CALPOST Method 6 was used to compute the extinction 

change in deciviews (dv) consistent with the procedures outlined in the VISTAS modeling 

protocol using the IMPROVE method (CSU, 1996) as recommended by FLAG (2000). 

Table 4-25 provides the monthly f(RH) values based on the centroid of the Class I area as 

required for the application of Method 6. The last column in Tables 4-1 through 4-24 provides the 

annual average background bext values for each Class I area included in the analysis. For each 

Class I area, the Rayleigh scattering coefficient of 10 Mm-1 was subtracted from the annual 

average background bext and resulting values were entered in CALPOST as BKSOIL. 

Tables 4-1 through 4-24 summarize the maximum predicted extinction changes for 2001, 2002, 

and 2003 for the Class I areas situated within a 300 km radius of each of the modeled sources. 

The highest values of the extinction change along with number of exceedances of the 0.5 dv 

threshold value are presented in the tables. For screening simulations using the 12-km CALMET 

meteorological grid, the highest predicted change in extinction is compared to the 0.5 dv 

threshold. According to the VISTAS protocol, screening simulation results below 0.5 dv for all 

three years indicates that facility is not subject to BART controls. For facilities failing the screen, 

or those located relatively close to one or more Class I areas (usually within 50 km) the state has 

recommended immediately using the more refined 4-km CALMET meteorological grid. In the 

refined simulations, the 98th percentile value of prediction change in extinction (i.e., the 8th 

highest day) is compared to the 0.5 dv threshold. If the highest 98th percentile value during the 

three year simulation period is below the 0.5 dv threshold, the source is considered not subject to 

BART controls. 

Visibility results for the Sloss Industries Fiber Div, ACIPCO, U.S. Pipe-Bessemer, U.S. Steel, 

Oak Grove Resources, 3M Company, Decatur Plant, Bowater-Coosa Pines, International PaperRiverdale, Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Shell Chemical Co, Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Boise 

White Paper, Smurfit Stone Brewton, Degussa Corp., Continental Carbon Company, Carmeuse 

Lime&Stone, Inc are presented in Tables 4-2 through 4-7, 4-13 through 4-15 and 4-18 through 

4-24. These tables show that the maximum predicted extinction change for each of the Class I 

areas are all below the 0.5 dv threshold value for the seventeen facilities listed above. 

For the Lehigh Cement Company (Table 4-1), maximum predicted extinction change is below 

0.5 dv in Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock for all three years, while only one exceedance of 0.5 dv is 

Results 4-1 
predicted in Cohutta in 2002 and one in Sipsey in 2003. For the National Cement Co (Table 4-8), 

maximum predicted extinction change is below 0.5 dv in Great Smoky Mountains and, Joyce 

Kilmer-Slickrock for all three modeled years, while there are two exceedances of 0.5 dv both in 

Cohutta and Sipsey in 2002. Table 4-9 shows that CEMEX Demopolis, maximum predicted 

extinction change is below 0.5 dv in Breton, and there is only one exceedances of 0.5 dv in 

Sipsey in 2002. For the MeadWestvaco-Mahrt (Table 4-10), maximum predicted extinction 

change is below 0.5 dv in Cohutta. The 0.5 dv threshold value was exceeded in Okefenokee (once 

in 2002 and once in 2003), Sipsey (once in 2003) and St. Marks (twice in 2002). Table 4-11 

shows that the 0.5 dv threshold value for the International Paper-Prattville was exceeded once in 

Cohutta in 2001, five times in Sipsey (3 times in 2001, once in 2002 and once in 2003) and twice 

in St. Marks (once in 2001 and once in 2002). For the Fort James Operating Co (Table 4-12), the 

threshold value of 0.5 dv was predicted to exceed only in 2001, once in Breton and once in 

Sipsey. Table 4-16 shows that for the International Paper Co, Courtland, the threshold was not 

exceeded in Cohutta, Great Smoky Mountains, Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock and Mammoth Cave. In 

Sipsey, there were multiple exceedances of the threshold for all three years. For the 

Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill, there were total of three exceedances in Breton (one in 2002 and two in 

2003, and four exceedances in Sipsey (one in 2001, one in 2002 and two in 2003). For this 

facility, refined modeling could be performed for further analysis, although due to the magnitude 

of the impacts, this was not done under VISTAS funding. 

Results 4-2 
Table 4-1. Summary of Visibility Results for Lehigh Cement Company 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.148 (0 0) 0.531 (1 0) 0.126 (0 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 0.100 (0 0) 0.244 (0 0) 0.080 (0 0) 21.40 

Sipsey 0.427 (0 0) 0.317 (0 0) 0.657 (1 0) 21.28 

Table 4-2. Summary of Visibility Results for Sloss Industries Fiber Div 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.028 (0 0) 0.027 (0 0) 0.014 (0 0) 21.39 

Sipsey 0.069 (0 0) 0.088 (0 0) 0.066 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-3. Summary of Visibility Results for ACIPCO 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.018 (0 0) 0.017 (0 0) 0.018 (0 0) 21.39 

Great Smoky Mountains 0.010 (0 0) 0.014 (0 0) 0.007 (0 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 0.011 (0 0) 0.009 (0 0) 0.008 (0 0) 21.40 

Sipsey 0.082 (0 0) 0.075 (0 0) 0.076 (0 0) 21.28 

Results 4-3 
Table 4-4. Summary of Visibility Results for U.S. Pipe-Bessemer 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.004 (0 0) 0.004 (0 0) 0.003 (0 0) 21.39 

Sipsey 0.036 (0 0) 0.027 (0 0) 0.032 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-5. Summary of Visibility Results for U.S. Steel 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.022 (0 0) 0.035 (0 0) 0.029 (0 0) 21.39 

Sipsey 0.185 (0 0) 0.146 (0 0) 0.205 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-6. Summary of Visibility Results for Oak Grove Resources 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.002 (0 0) 0.003 (0 0) 0.001 (0 0) 21.39 

Sipsey 0.021 (0 0) 0.019 (0 0) 0.021 (0 0) 21.28 

Results 4-4 
Table 4-7. Summary of Visibility Results for 3M Company, Decatur Plant 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.057 (0 0) 0.069 (0 0) 0.077 (0 0) 21.39 

Great Smoky Mountains 0.032 (0 0) 0.048 (0 0) 0.048 (0 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 0.031 (0 0) 0.053 (0 0) 0.029 (0 0) 21.40 

Mammoth Cave 0.062 (0 0) 0.067 (0 0) 0.075 (0 0) 21.58 

Sipsey 0.402 (0 0) 0.337 (0 0) 0.377 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-8. Summary of Visibility Results for National Cement Co of AL 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.286 (0 0) 0.539 (2 0) 0.175 (0 0) 21.39 

Great Smoky Mountains 0.087 (0 0) 0.135 (0 0) 0.099 (0 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 0.089 (0 0) 0.171 (0 0) 0.114 (0 0) 21.40 

Sipsey 0.357 (0 0) 0.795 (2 0) 0.425 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-9. Summary of Visibility Results for CEMEX Demopolis 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.224 (0 0) 0.162 (0 0) 0.308 (0 0) 21.57 

Sipsey 0.476 (0 0) 0.562 (1 0) 0.394 (0 0) 21.28 

Results 4-5 
Table 4-10. Summary of Visibility Results for MeadWestvaco-Mahrt 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.412 (0 0) 0.414 (0 0) 0.411 (0 0) 21.39 

Okefenokee 0.393 (0 0) 0.523 (1 0) 0.520 (1 0) 21.41 

Sipsey 0.319 (0 0) 0.246 (0 0) 0.502 (1 0) 21.28 

St Marks 0.385 (0 0) 0.846 (2 0) 0.492 (0 0) 21.54 

Table 4-11. Summary of Visibility Results for International Paper-Prattville 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.536 (1 0) 0.326 (0 0) 0.242 (0 0) 21.39 

Sipsey 0.604 (3 0) 0.809 (1 0) 0.516 (1 0) 21.28 

St Marks 0.581 (1 0) 0.660 (1 0) 0.468 (0 0) 21.54 

Table 4-12. Summary of Visibility Results for Fort James Operating Co 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.683 (1 0) 0.341 (0 0) 0.455 (0 0) 21.57 

Sipsey 0.590 (1 0) 0.453 (0 0) 0.261 (0 0) 21.28 

Results 4-6 
Table 4-13. Summary of Visibility Results for Bowater-Coosa Pines 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.039 (0 0) 0.063 (0 0) 0.042 (0 0) 21.39 

Great Smoky Mountains 0.018 (0 0) 0.026 (0 0) 0.022 (0 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 0.017 (0 0) 0.025 (0 0) 0.020 (0 0) 21.40 

Sipsey 0.166 (0 0) 0.102 (0 0) 0.132 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-14. Summary of Visibility Results for International Paper-Riverdale 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.192 (0 0) 0.098 (0 0) 0.146 (0 0) 21.57 

Sipsey 0.221 (0 0) 0.246 (0 0) 0.184 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-15. Summary of Visibility Results for Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.041 (0 0) 0.059 (0 0) 0.044 (0 0) 21.57 

Results 4-7 
Table 4-16. Summary of Visibility Results for International Paper Co, Courtland 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.192 (0 0) 0.341 (0 0) 0.468 (0 0) 21.39 

Great Smoky Mountains 0.175 (0 0) 0.191 (0 0) 0.231 (0 0) 21.39 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 0.161 (0 0) 0.203 (0 0) 0.156 (0 0) 21.40 

Mammoth Cave 0.359 (0 0) 0.407 (0 0) 0.433 (0 0) 21.58 

Sipsey 1.732 (67 23) 2.108 (59 24) 2.392 (62 25) 21.28 

Table 4-17. Summary of Visibility Results for Weyerhaeuser-Pine Hill 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.386 (0 0) 0.584 (1 0) 0.582 (2 0) 21.57 

Sipsey 0.749 (1 0) 0.570 (1 0) 0.602 (2 0) 21.28 

Table 4-18. Summary of Visibility Results for Shell Chemical Co 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.025 (0 0) 0.057 (0 0) 0.066 (0 0) 21.57 

Results 4-8 
Table 4-19. Summary of Visibility Results for Ciba Specialty Chemicals 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.067 (0 0) 0.049 (0 0) 0.134 (0 0) 21.57 

Table 4-20. Summary of Visibility Results for Boise White Paper 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.139 (0 0) 0.154 (0 0) 0.162 (0 0) 21.57 

Sipsey 0.086 (0 0) 0.097 (0 0) 0.068 (0 0) 21.28 

Table 4-21. Summary of Visibility Results for Smurfit Stone Brewton 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.295 (0 0) 0.186 (0 0) 0.184 (0 0) 21.57 

St. Marks 0.114 (0 0) 0.152 (0 0) 0.176 (0 0) 21.54 

Results 4-9 
Table 4-22. Summary of Visibility Results for Degussa Corp. 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Breton 0.192 (0 0) 0.422 (0 0) 0.466 (0 0) 21.57 

Table 4-23. Summary of Visibility Results for Continental Carbon Company 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.006 (0 0) 0.005 (0 0) 0.005 (0 0) 21.39 

Okefenokee 0.005 (0 0) 0.003 (0 0) 0.004 (0 0) 21.41 

Sipsey 0.005 (0 0) 0.005 (0 0) 0.004 (0 0) 21.28 

St Marks 0.004 (0 0) 0.007 (0 0) 0.004 (0 0) 21.54 

Table 4-24. Summary of Visibility Results for Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Inc. 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003 

Annual 

average 

background 

bext

Maximum delta-deciview, (# days>0.5 dv, # days >1 dv) (Mm-1) 

Cohutta 0.047 (0 0) 0.070 (0 0) 0.025 (0 0) 21.39 

Sipsey 0.140 (0 0) 0.215 (0 0) 0.165 (0 0) 21.28 

Results 4-10 
Results 4-11 

Table 4-25. Monthly f(RH) Values Based on the Centroid of the Area, for Visibility Method 6 

Applications 

Class I area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Cohutta 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.5 

Great Smoky Mountains 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.4 

Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.5 

Linville Gorge 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.4 

Okefenokee 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 

Shining Rock 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.3 3.4 

Sipsey 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 

St. Marks 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.8 

Source: Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule (2003), Appendix A, Table A-3
5. REFERENCES 

CSU, 1996: IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Environments). Spatial and 

Seasonal patterns and Long Term Variability of the Composition of the Haze in the 

United States: An Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network. ISSN: 0737-5352-32. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1998: Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality 

Modeling (IWAQM), Phase 2 Report: Summary Report and Recommendation for 

Modeling Long Range Transport and Impacts on Regional Visibility. U.S. EPA, 

Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-454/R-98-019. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2003: Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility 

Conditions under the Regional Haze Program. U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, 

EPA-454/B-03-005. 

FLAG, 2000: Federal Land Managers’ Air Quality Related Values Workgroup (FLAG). Phase I 

report. 

Grell, G.A., J.Dudhia, and D.R. Stauffer, 1995: “A Description of the Fifth Generation Penn 

State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)”, NCAR TN-398-STR, NCAR Technical Note. 

Scire, J.S., D.G. Strimaitis, and R.J. Yamartino, 2000a: A User’s Guide for the CALPUFF 

Dispersion Model (Version 5). Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA. Available from 

http://www.src.com. 

Scire, J.S., F.R. Robe, M.E. Fernau, and R.J. Yamartino, 2000b: A User’s Guide for the 

CALMET Meteorological Model (Version 5). Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA. Available 

from http://www.src.com. 

VISTAS, 2006: Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF Model for Analyses of Best 

Available Retrofit Technology (BART). Revision 3.2, August 2006. Available from 

http://www.vistas-sesarm.org. 

References 5-1