# United States Court of Appeals **For the Eighth Circuit**

___________________________ No. 13-2617

___________________________ Steven M. Vollmer
lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellant

v. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; Reiter &

Schiller, P.A., and all other persons unknown claiming any right, title, estate, interest, or lien in the real estate described in the complaint herein
lllllllllllllllllllll Defendants - Appellees

____________ Appeal from United States District Court for the District of Minnesota - Minneapolis

____________ Submitted: December 23, 2013 Filed: February 20, 2014 [Unpublished]

____________ Before MURPHY, SHEPHERD, and KELLY, Circuit Judges.

____________ PER CURIAM. Steven M. Vollmer (“Vollmer”) filed suit in Minnesota state court against multiple defendants including Federal Home Loan Mortga ge Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), seeking to set aside the nonjudicial foreclosure sale and subsequent conveyance of his residence and to quiet titleto the property. He also sought damages. The action was removed to district court 1 which subsequently granted the motion to dismiss filed by Freddie Mac and Wells Fargo. Vollmer appeals.
Vollmer alleges that he executed and de livered to Wells Fargo a real estate mortgage covering his residence and that Wells Fargo subsequently instituted a nonjudicial foreclosure that resulted in a Sh eriff’s sale in which Wells Fargo purchased the property. Wells Fargo later c onveyed the residence to Freddie Mac.
Although the amended complaint include s six counts: Count I-Quiet Title; Count II-Declaratory Judgment; Count III-Dece it or Collusion; Count IV-Negligence Per Se; Count V-Slander of Title; and, Count VI-Wrongful Ouster, in this appeal, Vollmer has abandoned all claims except the contention that the district court erred in dismissing his quiet title claim, wh ich is based upon the contention that an unrecorded pre-foreclosure assignment ex ists from Wells Fargo to Freddie Mac. 2
We review de novo a district court’s gran t of a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, accepting the factual allegations of the complaint as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of the pl aintiff. Blankenship v. USA Truck, Inc. , 601 F.3d 852, 853 (8th Cir. 2010). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 requires that a

1 The Honorable Michael J. Davis, Chief Judge, United States District Court for the District of Minnesota adopting the report and recommendation of the Honorable Franklin L. Noel, United States Magistrate Judge for the District of Minnesota.

2 Although in the district court Vollmer also challenged the authority of persons signing instruments of record, this claim is not mentioned in Vollmer’s briefing before this court and is waived. SeeMarksmeier v. Davie , 622 F.3d 896, 902 n.4 (8th Cir. 2010) (issues not argued in the appellant’s brief are deemed waived); see also Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(8)(A) (The argument porti on of appellant’s brief must contain “appellant’s contentions and the reasons for them, with citations to the authorities and parts of the record on which the appellant relies.”). -2-complaint present a “short and plain statem ent of the claim show ing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” In order to surviv e a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), “a complaint must contain suffici ent factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal , 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). Accordingly, at the pleading stage a plaintiff must show that success on the merits is “more than a sheer possibility.” Id. ; see also Shady Grove Orthopedic Assocs ., P.A. v. Allstate Ins. Co. , 559 U.S. 393, 417 (2010) (Stevens, J., concurri ng) (“It is a long-recognized principle that federal courts sitting in diversity ‘apply state substantive law and federal procedural law.’” (quoting Hanna v. Plumer , 380 U.S. 460, 465 (1965)).
Vollmer argues that the non-judicial fo reclosure sale is void because there exists an unrecorded pre-foreclosure mortgage assignment from Wells Fargo to Freddie Mac. In support of his argumen t, he cites Minn. Stat. § 580.02 (stating requirements that must be met before foreclosure) and Hathorn v. Butler , 75 N.W. 743, 744 (Minn. 1898) (holding that a ny assignments of mortgage-security instruments must be recorded before the commencement of a for eclosure proceeding). A careful review of the amended complaint reveals that this claim is supported solely by “information and belief,” a reference to an internet Freddie Mac service guide, and “screen shot” of the Freddie Mac website. Further, Vollmer argue s that the amended complaint adequately states a Minnesota quiet title claim because it alleges the bare allegations that (1) he is in possession of th e real property which is the subject of this action and (2) that the defendant claims some adverse interest therein. See Minn. Stat. § 559.01 (a person in possession of real prope rty may bring an action against another who claims an interest therein for the purpose of determining such adverse claim). However, we have squarely rejected this th eory, and we agree with the district court that the conclusory allegations of th e amended complaint as to an unrecorded mortgage are insufficient under Rule 8. SeeKarnatcheva v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. , 704 F.3d 545, 548 (8th Cir. 2013) (complaint is subject to dismissal where the “pleadings, on their face, have not provided anything to support their claim that the

-3-defendants’ adverse claims are invalid, other than labels and conclusions, based on speculation”).
The judgment of the district court is affirmed. The motion for sanctions is denied.

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