Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices 2383 

Zammit, President/CEO. Application 

Type: QI Change. 

Dated: January 7, 2011. 

Karen V. Gregory, 

Secretary. 

[FR Doc. 2011–574 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6730–01–P 

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 

Ocean Transportation Intermediary 

License Reissuance 

Notice is hereby given that the 

following Ocean Transportation 

Intermediary licenses have been 

reissued by the Federal Maritime 

Commission pursuant to section 19 of 

the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 

Chapter 409) and the regulations of the 

Commission pertaining to the licensing 

of Ocean Transportation Intermediaries, 

46 CFR part 515. 

License No. Name/address Date reissued 

004027F .............................. U.S. Airfreight, Inc., 2624 N.W. 112th Avenue, Miami, FL 33172 ............................... October 28, 2010. 

017330N .............................. Geomarine Shipping Inc., 27 Cambridge Road, East Rockaway, NY 11518 .............. November 10, 2010. 

018429F .............................. AB Shipping, Inc., 5428 El Monte Avenue, Temple City, CA 91780 ........................... November 15, 2010. 

018525N .............................. Valu Freight Consolidators, Inc., 1325 NW 21th Street, Miami, FL 33142 .................. November 19, 2010. 

020258NF ........................... Sistemas Aereos LLC, 11027 NW 122nd Street, Medley, FL 33178 .......................... November 19, 2010. 

020264N .............................. Empire Shipping Co. Inc., 100 East Peddie Street, Newark, NJ 07114 ...................... November 6, 2010. 

021534N .............................. Martinez Cargo Express, Corp., 8026 Sunport Drive, Units 301–302, Orlando, FL 

32809.

November 19, 2010. 

021694N .............................. Wheelsky Logistics, Inc., 14515 East Don Julian Road, City of Industry, CA 91746 .. November 19, 2010. 

022244N .............................. Golden Freight, Inc., dba Saigon Express, 510 Parrott Street, Suite 2, San Jose, CA 

95112.

November 15, 2010. 

Sandra L. Kusumoto, 

Director, Bureau of Certification and 

Licensing. 

[FR Doc. 2011–576 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6730–01–P 

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 

Ocean Transportation Intermediary 

License; Rescission of Order of 

Revocation 

Notice is hereby given that the Order 

revoking the following license is being 

rescinded by the Federal Maritime 

Commission pursuant to section 19 of 

the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 

Chapter 409) and the regulations of the 

Commission pertaining to the licensing 

of Ocean Transportation Intermediaries, 

46 CFR Part 515. 

License Number: 020667N. 

Name: Atlas Logistics (U.S.A.), Inc. 

Address: 2401 E. Atlantic Blvd., Suite 

310, Pompano Beach, FL 33062. 

Order Published: FR: 12/22/10 

(Volume 75, No. 245, Pg. 80501). 

Sandra L. Kusumoto, 

Director, Bureau of Certification and 

Licensing. 

[FR Doc. 2011–575 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6730–01–P 

FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 

Change in Bank Control Notices; 

Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or 

Bank Holding Company 

The notificants listed below have 

applied under the Change in Bank 

Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1817(j)) and 

§ 225.41 of the Board’s Regulation Y (12 

CFR 225.41) to acquire shares of a bank 

or bank holding company. The factors 

that are considered in acting on the 

notices are set forth in paragraph 7 of 

the Act (12 U.S.C. 1817(j)(7)). 

The notices are available for 

immediate inspection at the Federal 

Reserve Bank indicated. The notices 

also will be available for inspection at 

the offices of the Board of Governors. 

Interested persons may express their 

views in writing to the Reserve Bank 

indicated for that notice or to the offices 

of the Board of Governors. Comments 

must be received not later than January 

28, 2011. 

A. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta 

(Clifford Stanford, Vice President) 1000 

Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 

30309: 

1. SG–BBC, LLC, and The Stephens 

Group, LLC, both of Little Rock, 

Arkansas; to acquire voting shares of 

Brand Group Holdings, Inc., and thereby 

indirectly acquire voting shares of The 

Brand Banking Company, both of 

Lawrenceville, Georgia. 

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 

System, January 10, 2011. 

Robert deV. Frierson, 

Deputy Secretary of the Board. 

[FR Doc. 2011–599 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6210–01–P 

FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT 

INVESTMENT BOARD 

Sunshine Act; Notice of Meeting 

TIME AND DATE: 9 a.m. (Eastern Time), 

January 25, 2011. 

PLACE: 4th Floor Conference Room, 

1250 H Street, NW., Washington, DC 

20005. 

STATUS: Parts will be open to the public 

and parts closed to the public. 

MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: 

Parts Open to the Public 

1. Approval of the minutes of the 

December 13, 2010 Board member 

meeting 

2. Thrift Savings Plan activity report by 

the Executive Director 

a. Monthly Participant Activity Report 

b. Quarterly Investment Policy 

Review 

c. Legislative Report 

3. Vendor Financials Report 

4. Annual Expense Ratio Review 

5. Erroneous Required Minimum 

Distribution Payment Report 

6. TSP Investment Funds DVD 

Demonstration 

Parts Closed to the Public 

7. Confidential Financial Information 

8. Personnel 

CONTACT PERSON FOR MORE INFORMATION: 

Thomas J. Trabucco, Director, Office of 

External Affairs, (202) 942–1640. 

Dated: January 10, 2011. 

Thomas K. Emswiler, 

Secretary, Federal Retirement Thrift 

Investment Board. 

[FR Doc. 2011–719 Filed 1–11–11; 4:15 pm] 

BILLING CODE 6760–01–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES 

Proposed HHS Recommendation for 

Fluoride Concentration in Drinking 

Water for Prevention of Dental Caries 

AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, 

Department of Health and Human 

Services. 

ACTION: Notice. 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
2384 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices 

1Community water fluoridation of public 

drinking water systems has been demonstrated to be 

effective in reducing caries and producing costsavings from a societal perspective. (Truman B et 

al, 2002). If local goals and resources permit, the 

use of this intervention should be continued, 

initiated, or increased (CDC 2001a). 

2For purposes of this guidance, a water system 

is considered a community water system if so 

designated by the State drinking water 

administrator in accordance with the regulatory 

requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency. In general, public water systems provide 

water for human consumption through pipes or 

other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service 

connections or serves an average of at least 25 

people for at least 60 days a year. A community 

water system is a public water system that supplies 

water to the same population year-round, http:// 

water.epa.gov/infrastructure/drinkingwater/pws/ 

factoids.cfm. 

3There were slight differences in the age groups 

used in both surveys. The 1971–1974 survey 

reported on adolescents aged 12–17 years (Kelly JE, 

1975) while the 1999–2004 survey reported on 

adolescents and youths aged 12–19 years (Dye B, et 

al., 2007). Because the prevalence of dental caries 

increases with age, the estimates for 12–17 year olds 

in the most recent survey (1999–2004) should be 

slightly lower than those published for 12–19 year 

olds (Dye B, et al, 2007). 

4There were slight differences in the age groups 

used in both surveys. The 1962 survey reported on 

adults aged 35–44 years (Kelly JE et al 1967) while 

the 1999–2004 survey reported on adults aged 35– 

49 years (Dye B, et al, 2007). 

SUMMARY: The Department of Health and 

Human Services (HHS) seeks public 

comment on proposed new guidance 

which will update and replace the 1962 

U.S. Public Health Service Drinking 

Water Standards related to 

recommendations for fluoride 

concentrations in drinking water. The 

U.S. Public Health Service 

recommendations for optimal fluoride 

concentrations were based on ambient 

air temperature of geographic areas and 

ranged from 0.7–1.2 mg/L. 

HHS proposes that community water 

systems adjust the amount of fluoride to 

0.7 mg/L to achieve an optimal fluoride 

level. For the purpose of this guidance, 

the optimal concentration of fluoride in 

drinking water is that concentration that 

provides the best balance of protection 

from dental caries while limiting the 

risk of dental fluorosis. Community 

water fluoridation is the adjusting and 

monitoring of fluoride in drinking water 

to reach the optimal concentration 

(Truman BI, et al, 2002). 

This updated guidance is intended to 

apply to community water systems that 

are currently fluoridating or will initiate 

fluoridation.1 This guidance is based on 

several considerations that include: 

• Scientific evidence related to 

effectiveness of water fluoridation on 

caries prevention and control across all 

age groups. 

• Fluoride in drinking water as one of 

several available fluoride sources. 

• Trends in the prevalence and 

severity of dental fluorosis. 

• Current evidence on fluid intake in 

children across various ambient air 

temperatures. 

DATES: To receive consideration, 

comments on the proposed 

recommendations for fluoride 

concentration in drinking water for the 

prevention of dental caries should be 

received no later than February 14, 

2011. 

ADDRESSES: Comments are preferred 

electronically and may be addressed to 

CWFcomments@cdc.gov. Written 

responses should be addressed to the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services, Centers for Disease Control 

and Prevention, CWF Comments, 

Division of Oral Health, National Center 

for Chronic Disease Prevention and 

Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), 4770 

Buford Highway, NE, MS F–10, Atlanta, 

GA 30341–3717. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Barbara F. Gooch, Associate Director for 

Science (Acting), 770–488–6054, 

CWFcomments@cdc.gov, Division of 

Oral Health, National Center for Chronic 

Disease Prevention and Health 

Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 

Buford Highway, NE., MS F–10, Atlanta, 

GA 30341–3717. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S. 

Public Health Service has provided 

recommendations regarding optimal 

fluoride concentrations in drinking 

water from community water systems 

(CWS) 2 for the prevention of dental 

caries (US DHEW, 1962). HHS proposes 

to update and replace these 

recommendations because of new data 

that address changes in the prevalence 

of dental fluorosis, fluid intake among 

children, and the contribution of 

fluoride in drinking water to total 

fluoride exposure in the United States. 

As of December 31, 2008, the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 

estimated that 16,977 community water 

systems provided fluoridated water to 

196 million people. 95% of the 

population receiving fluoridated water 

was served by community water 

systems that added fluoride to water, or 

purchased water with added fluoride 

from other systems. The remaining 5% 

were served by systems with naturally 

occurring fluoride at or above the 

recommended level. More statistics 

about water fluoridation in the United 

States are available at http:// 

www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/ 

2008stats.htm. Guidance for systems 

with naturally occurring fluoride levels 

above the recommended level are 

beyond the scope of this document. 

Systems that have fluoride levels greater 

than the national primary (4.0 mg/L) or 

secondary (2.0 mg/L) drinking water 

standards established by EPA can find 

more information at the following EPA 

Web site: http://water.epa.gov/drink/ 

contaminants/basicinformation/ 

fluoride.cfm. CDC’s Recommendations 

for Fluoride Use (CDC, 2001b), available 

at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ 

mmwrhtml/rr5014a1.htm, provides 

guidance on community water 

fluoridation and use of other fluoridecontaining products. 

Recommendation 

HHS proposes that community water 

systems adjust their fluoride content to 

0.7 mg/L [parts per million (ppm)]. 

Rationale 

Importance of community water 

fluoridation: 

Community water fluoridation is a 

major factor responsible for the decline 

of the prevalence and severity of dental 

caries (tooth decay) during the second 

half of the 20th century. From the early 

1970’s to the present, the prevalence of 

dental caries in at least one permanent 

tooth (excluding third molars) among 

adolescents, aged 12–17 years,3 has 

decreased from 90% to 60% and the 

average number of teeth affected by 

dental caries (i.e., decayed, missing and 

filled) from 6.2 to 2.6 (Kelly JE, 1975, 

Dye B, et al, 2007). Adults have also 

benefited from community water 

fluoridation. Among adults, aged 35–44 

years,4 the average number of affected 

teeth decreased from 18 in the early 

1960’s to 10 among adults, aged 35–49 

years, in 1999–2004 (Kelly JE, et al, 

1967; Dye B, et al, 2007). Although there 

have been notable declines in tooth 

decay, it remains one of the most 

common chronic diseases of childhood 

(USDHHS, 2000; Newacheck PW et al, 

2000). Effective population-based 

interventions to prevent and control 

dental caries, such as community water 

fluoridation, are still needed (CDC, 

2001a). 

Systematic reviews of the scientific 

evidence related to fluoride have 

concluded that community water 

fluoridation is effective in decreasing 

dental caries prevalence and severity 

(McDonagh MS, et al, 2000a, McDonagh 

MS, et al, 2000b, Truman BI, et al, 2002, 

Griffin SO, et al, 2007). Effects included 

significant increases in the proportion of 

children who were caries-free and 

significant reductions in the number of 

teeth or tooth surfaces with caries in 

both children and adults (McDonagh 

MS, et al, 2000b, Griffin SO, et al, 2007). 

When analyses were limited to studies 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices 2385 

5Risk for the third molars (i.e., wisdom teeth) 

extends to age 14 years (Massler M, 1958) . Third 

molars are much less likely than other teeth to erupt 

fully into a functional position due to space 

constraints in the dental arch and may be impacted, 

partially erupted, or extracted. For these reasons 

third molars are not assessed for dental caries or 

dental fluorosis in national surveys in the U.S. In 

addition, based on their placement, these teeth are 

unlikely to be of aesthetic concern. 

6Fluoride concentrations in drinking water before 

and after the 1978 reduction were 0.82 and 0.64 mg 

F/L, respectively. 

conducted after the introduction of 

other sources of fluoride, especially 

fluoride toothpaste, beneficial effects 

across the lifespan from community 

water fluoridation were still apparent 

(McDonagh MS, et al, 2000b; Griffin SO, 

et al, 2007). 

Fluoride works primarily to prevent 

dental caries through topical 

remineralization of tooth surfaces when 

small amounts of fluoride, specifically 

in saliva and accumulated plaque, are 

present frequently in the mouth 

(Featherstone JDB, 1999). Consuming 

fluoridated water and beverages and 

foods prepared or processed with 

fluoridated water routinely introduces a 

low concentration of fluoride into the 

mouth. Although other fluoridecontaining products are available and 

contribute to the prevention and control 

of dental caries, community water 

fluoridation has been identified as the 

most cost-effective method of delivering 

fluoride to all members of the 

community regardless of age, 

educational attainment, or income level 

(CDC, 1999, Burt BA, 1989). Studies 

continue to find that community water 

fluoridation is cost-saving (Truman B, et 

al, 2002). 

Trends in Availability of Fluoride 

Sources 

Community water fluoridation and 

fluoride toothpaste are the most 

common sources of non-dietary fluoride 

in the United States (CDC, 2001b). 

Community water fluoridation began in 

1945, reaching almost 50% of the U.S. 

population by 1975 and 64% by 2008, 

http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/ 

statistics/2008stats.htm; http:// 

www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/pdf/statistics/ 

1975.pdf. Toothpaste containing 

fluoride was first marketed in the 

United States in 1955 (USDHEW, 1980) 

and by the 1990’s accounted for more 

than 90 percent of the toothpaste market 

(Burt BA and Eklund SA, 2005). Other 

products that provide fluoride now 

include mouthrinses, fluoride 

supplements, and professionally 

applied fluoride compounds. More 

detailed explanations of these products 

are published elsewhere (CDC, 2001b) 

(ADA, 2006) (USDHHS, 2010). More 

information on all sources of fluoride 

and their relative contribution to total 

fluoride exposure in the United States is 

presented in a report by EPA (US EPA 

2010a). 

Dental Fluorosis 

Fluoride ingestion while teeth are 

developing can result in a range of 

visually detectable changes in the tooth 

enamel (Aoba T and Fejerskov O, 2002). 

Changes range from barely visible lacy 

white markings in milder cases to 

pitting of the teeth in the rare, severe 

form. The period of possible risk for 

fluorosis in the permanent teeth, 

excluding the third molars,5 extends 

from about birth through 8 years of age 

when the preeruptive maturation of 

tooth enamel is complete (CDC, 2001b; 

Massler M and Schour I, 1958). When 

communities first began adding fluoride 

to their public water systems in 1945, 

drinking water and foods and beverages 

prepared with fluoridated water were 

the primary sources of fluoride for most 

children (McClure FJ, 1943). Since the 

1940’s, other sources of ingested 

fluoride, such as fluoride toothpaste (if 

swallowed) and fluoride supplements, 

have become available. Fluoride intake 

from these products, in addition to 

water and other beverages and infant 

formula prepared with fluoridated 

water, have been associated with 

increased risk of dental fluorosis (Levy 

SL, et al, 2010, Wong MCM, et al, 2010, 

Osuji OO et al, 1988, Pendrys DG et al, 

1994, Pendrys DG and Katz RV 1989, 

Pendrys DG, 1995). Both the 1962 

USPHS recommendations and the 

current proposal for fluoride 

concentrations in community drinking 

water were set to achieve a reduction in 

dental caries while minimizing the risk 

of dental fluorosis. 

Results of two national surveys 

indicate that the prevalence of dental 

fluorosis has increased since the 1980’s, 

but mostly in the very mild or mild 

forms. The most recent data on 

prevalence of dental fluorosis come 

from the National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999– 

2004. NHANES assessed the prevalence 

and severity of dental fluorosis among 

persons, aged 6 to 49 years. Twentythree percent had dental fluorosis of 

which the vast majority was very mild 

or mild. Approximately 2% of persons 

had moderate dental fluorosis, and less 

than 1% had severe. Prevalence was 

higher among younger persons and 

ranged from 41% among adolescents 

aged 12–15 years to 9% among adults, 

aged 40–49 years. The higher prevalence 

of dental fluorosis in the younger 

persons probably reflects the increase in 

fluoride exposures across the U.S. 

population through community water 

fluoridation and increased use of 

fluoride toothpaste. 

The prevalence and severity of dental 

fluorosis among 12–15 year olds in 

1999–2004 were compared to estimates 

from the Oral Health of United States 

Children Survey, 1986–87, which was 

the first national survey to include 

measures of dental fluorosis. Although 

these two national surveys differed in 

sampling and representation 

(schoolchildren versus household), 

findings support the hypothesis that 

there has been an increase in dental 

fluorosis that was very mild or greater 

between the two surveys. In 1986–87 

and 1999–2004 the prevalence of dental 

fluorosis was 23% and 41%, 

respectively, among adolescents aged 12 

to 15. (Beltra ́n-Aguilar ED, et al, 2010a). 

Similarly, the prevalence of very mild 

fluorosis (17.2% and 28.5%), mild 

fluorosis (4.1% and 8.6%) and moderate 

and severe fluorosis combined (1.3% 

and 3.6%) have increased. The 

estimates for severe fluorosis for 

adolescents in both surveys were 

statistically unreliable because of too 

few cases in the samples. 

More information on fluoride 

concentrations in drinking water and 

the impact of severe dental fluorosis in 

children is presented in a report by EPA 

(US EPA 2010 b). 

Relationship between dental caries 

and fluorosis at varying water 

fluoridation concentrations: 

The 1986–87 Oral Health of United 

States Children Survey is the only 

national survey that measured the 

child’s water fluoride exposure and can 

link that exposure to measures of caries 

and fluorosis (U.S. DHHS, 1989). An 

additional analysis of data from this 

survey examined the relationship 

between dental caries and fluorosis at 

varying water fluoride concentrations 

for children aged 6 to 17 years (Heller 

KE, et al, 1997). Findings indicate that 

there was a gradual decline in dental 

caries as fluoride content in water 

increased from negligible to 0.7 mg/L. 

Reductions plateaued at concentrations 

from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L. In contrast, the 

percentage of children with at least very 

mild dental fluorosis increased with 

increasing fluoride concentrations in 

water. The published report did not 

report standard errors. 

In Hong Kong a small change of about 

0.2 mg/L 6 in the mean fluoride 

concentration in drinking water in 1978 

was associated with a detectable 

reduction in fluorosis prevalence by the 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
2386 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices 

7Fluorosis prevalence ranged from 64% (SE = 

4.1) to 47% (SE = 4.5) based on the upper right 

central incisor only. 

mid 1980’s 7 (Evans R.W, Stamm JW., 

1991). Across all age groups more than 

90% of fluorosis cases were very mild 

or mild. (Evans R.W, Stamm JW., 1991). 

The study did not include measures of 

fluoride intake. Concurrently, dental 

caries prevalence did not increase. (Lo 

ECM et al, 1990). Although not fully 

generalizable to the current U.S. 

context, these findings, along with those 

from the 1986–87 survey of U.S. 

schoolchildren, suggest that risk of 

fluorosis can be reduced and caries 

prevention maintained toward the lower 

end (i.e., 0.7 mg/L) of the 1962 USPHS 

recommendations for fluoride 

concentrations for community water 

systems. 

Relationship of fluid intake and 

ambient temperature among children 

and adolescents in the United States: 

The 1962 USPHS recommendations 

stated that community drinking water 

should contain 0.7–1.2 mg/L [ppm] 

fluoride, depending on the ambient air 

temperature of the area. These 

temperature-related guidelines were 

based on studies conducted in two 

communities in California in the early 

1950’s. Findings indicated that a lower 

fluoride concentration was appropriate 

for communities in warmer climates 

because children drank more tap water 

on warm days (Galagan DJ, 1953; 

Galagan DJ and Vermillion JR, 1957; 

Galagan DJ et al, 1957). Social and 

environmental changes, including 

increased use of air conditioning and 

more sedentary lifestyles, have occurred 

since the 1950’s, and thus, the 

assumption that children living in 

warmer regions drink more tap water 

than children in cooler regions may no 

longer be valid. 

Studies conducted since 2001 suggest 

that fluid intake in children does not 

increase with increases in ambient air 

temperature (Sohn W, et al, 2001; 

Beltra ́n-Aguilar ED, et al, 2010b). One 

study conducted among children using 

nationally representative data from 1988 

to 1994 did not find an association 

between fluid intake and ambient air 

temperature (Sohn W, et al, 2001). A 

similar study using nationally 

representative data from 1999 to 2004 

also found no association between fluid 

intake and ambient temperature among 

children or adolescents (Beltra ́n-Aguilar 

ED, et al, 2010b). These recent findings 

demonstrating a lack of an association 

between fluid intake among children 

and adolescents and ambient 

temperature support use of a single 

target concentration for community 

water fluoridation in all temperature 

zones of the United States. 

Conclusions 

HHS recommends an optimal fluoride 

concentration of 0.7 mg/L for 

community water systems based on the 

following information: 

• Community water fluoridation is 

the most cost-effective method of 

delivering fluoride for the prevention of 

tooth decay; 

• In addition to drinking water, other 

sources of fluoride exposure have 

contributed to the prevention of dental 

caries and an increase in dental 

fluorosis prevalence; 

• Significant caries preventive 

benefits can be achieved and risk of 

fluorosis reduced at 0.7 mg/L, the 

lowest concentration in the range of the 

USPHS recommendation. 

• Recent data do not show a 

convincing relationship between fluid 

intake and ambient air temperature. 

Thus, there is no need for different 

recommendations for water fluoride 

concentrations in different temperature 

zones. 

Surveillance Activities 

CDC and the National Institute of 

Dental and Craniofacial Research 

(NIDCR), in coordination with other 

Federal agencies, will enhance 

surveillance of dental caries, dental 

fluorosis, and fluoride intake with a 

focus on younger populations at higher 

risk of fluorosis to obtain the best 

available and most current information 

to support effective efforts to improve 

oral health. 

Process 

The U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services (HHS) convened a 

Federal inter-departmental, inter-agency 

panel of scientists (Appendix A) to 

review scientific evidence related to the 

1962 USPHS Drinking Water Standards 

related to recommendations for fluoride 

concentrations in drinking water in the 

United States and to update these 

proposed recommendations. Panelists 

included representatives from the 

Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention, the National Institutes of 

Health, the Food and Drug 

Administration, the Agency for 

Healthcare Research and Quality, the 

Office of the Assistant Secretary for 

Health, the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, and the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture. The 

panelists evaluated existing 

recommendations for fluoride in 

drinking water, systematic reviews of 

the risks and benefits from fluoride in 

drinking water, the epidemiology of 

dental caries and fluorosis in the U.S., 

and current data on fluid intake in 

children, aged 0 to 10 years, across 

temperature gradients in the U.S. 

Conclusions were reached and are 

summarized along with their rationale 

in this proposed guidance document. 

This guidance will be advisory, not 

regulatory, in nature. Guidance will be 

submitted to the Federal Register and 

will undergo public and stakeholder 

comment for 30 days, after which HHS 

will review comments and consider 

changes. 

Dated: January 7, 2011. 

Kathleen Sebelius, 

Secretary. 

References 

American Dental Association. Council on 

Scientific Affairs. Professionally applied 

topical fluoride—evidence-based clinical 

recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 

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Aoba T, Fejerskov O. Dental fluorosis: 

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in Oral Biology & Medicine 

2002;13(2):155–70. 

Beltran-Aguilar ED, Barker L, Dye BA. 

Prevalence and Severity of Enamel 

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2004. NCHS data brief no 53. Hyattsville, 

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db53.htm. 

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drinking/fluoride_index.cfm. Comments 

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of Science and Technology, Office of 

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action/advisories/drinking/ 

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be sent to EPA at 

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Appendix A—HHS Federal Panel on 

Community Water Fluoridation 

Peter Briss, MD, MPH—Panel Chair, 

Medical Director, National Center for Chronic 

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services. 

Laurie K. Barker, MSPH, Statistician, 

Division of Oral Health, National Center for 

Chronic Disease Prevention and Health 

Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services. 

Eugenio Beltra ́n-Aguilar, DMD, MPH, 

DrPH, Senior Epidemiologist, Division of 

Oral Health, National Center for Chronic 

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services. 

Mary Beth Bigley, DrPH, MSN, ANP, 

Acting Director, Office of Science and 

Communications, Office of the Surgeon 

General, U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services. 

Linda Birnbaum, PhD, DABT, ATS, 

Director, National Institute of Environmental 

Health Sciences and National Toxicology 

Program, National Institutes of Health, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services. 

John Bucher, PhD, Associate Director, 

National Toxicology Program, National 

Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 

National Institutes of Health, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services. 

Amit Chattopadhyay, PhD, Office of 

Science and Policy Analysis, National 

Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, 

National Institutes of Health, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services. 

Joyce Donohue, PhD, Health Scientist, 

Health and Ecological Criteria Division, 

Office of Science and Technology, Office of 

Water, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency. 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
2388 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 9 / Thursday, January 13, 2011 / Notices 

Elizabeth Doyle, PhD, Chief, Human Health 

Risk Assessment Branch, Health and 

Ecological Criteria Division, Office of Science 

and Technology, Office of Water, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. 

Isabel Garcia, DDS, MPH, Acting Director, 

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial 

Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services. 

Barbara Gooch, DMD, MPH, Acting 

Associate Director for Science, Division of 

Oral Health, National Center for Chronic 

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services. 

Jesse Goodman, MD, MPH, Chief Scientist 

and Deputy Commissioner for Science and 

Public Health, Food and Drug 

Administration, U.S. Department of Health 

and Human Services. 

J. Nadine Gracia, MD, MSCE, Chief 

Medical Officer, Office of the Assistant 

Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services. 

Susan O. Griffin, PhD, Health Economist, 

Division of Oral Health, National Center for 

Chronic Disease Prevention and Health 

Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services. 

Laurence Grummer-Strawn, PhD, Chief, 

Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, 

Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and 

Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease 

Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services. 

Jay Hirschman, MPH, CNS, Director, 

Special Nutrition Staff, Office of Research 

and Analysis, Food and Nutrition Service, 

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

Frederick Hyman, DDS, MPH, Division of 

Dermatology and Dental Products, Center for 

Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and 

Drug Administration, U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services. 

Timothy Iafolla, DMD, MPH, Office of 

Science and Policy Analysis, National 

Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, 

National Institutes of Health, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services. 

William Kohn, DDS, Director, Division of 

Oral Health, National Center for Chronic 

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services. 

Richard Manski, DDS, MBA, PhD, Senior 

Scholar, Center for Financing, Access and 

Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research 

and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services. 

Benson Silverman, MD, Staff Director, 

Infant Formula and Medical Foods, Center 

for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food 

and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services. 

Thomas Sinks, PhD, Deputy Director, 

National Center for Environmental Health/ 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease 

Registry, Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services. 

[FR Doc. 2011–637 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE P 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES 

Meeting of the National Biodefense 

Science Board 

AGENCY: Department of Health and 

Human Services, Office of the Secretary. 

ACTION: Notice. 

SUMMARY: As stipulated by the Federal 

Advisory Committee Act, the U.S. 

Department of Health and Human 

Services is hereby giving notice that the 

National Biodefense Science Board 

(NBSB) will be holding a public 

meeting. The meeting is open to the 

public. 

DATES: The NBSB will hold a public 

meeting on January 25, 2011 from 1:15 

p.m. to 3 p.m. ET. The agenda is subject 

to change as priorities dictate. 

ADDRESSES: Department of Health and 

Human Services; Hubert H. Humphrey 

Building, Room 800; 200 Independence 

Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20201. 

To attend by teleconference, call 1–866– 

395–4129, pass-code ‘‘ASPR.’’ Please call 

15 minutes prior to the beginning of the 

conference call to facilitate attendance. 

Pre-registration is required for public 

attendance. Individuals who wish to 

attend the meeting in person should 

send an email to NBSB@HHS.GOV with 

‘‘NBSB Registration’’ in the subject line. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Email: NBSB@HHS.GOV. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant 

to section 319M of the Public Health 

Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–7f) and 

section 222 of the Public Health Service 

Act (42 U.S.C. 217a), the Department of 

Health and Human Services established 

the National Biodefense Science Board. 

The Board shall provide expert advice 

and guidance to the Secretary on 

scientific, technical, and other matters 

of special interest to the Department of 

Health and Human Services regarding 

current and future chemical, biological, 

nuclear, and radiological agents, 

whether naturally occurring, accidental, 

or deliberate. The Board may also 

provide advice and guidance to the 

Secretary and/or the Assistant Secretary 

for Preparedness and Response on other 

matters related to public health 

emergency preparedness and response. 

Background: A portion of this public 

meeting will be dedicated to swearing in 

the six new voting members who will 

replace the members whose 3-year terms 

expired on December 31, 2010. The 

Board will be asked to consider the 

various components of a science 

response to disasters. Subsequent 

agenda topics will be added as priorities 

dictate. 

Availability of Materials: The meeting 

agenda and materials will be posted on 

the NBSB Web site at http:// 

www.phe.gov/Preparedness/legal/ 

boards/nbsb/Pages/default.aspx prior to 

the meeting. 

Procedures for Providing Public Input: 

Any member of the public providing 

oral comments at the meeting must signin at the registration desk and provide 

his/her name, address, and affiliation. 

All written comments must be received 

prior to January 18, 2011 and should be 

sent by e-mail to NBSB@HHS.GOV with 

‘‘NBSB Public Comment’’ as the subject 

line. Individuals who plan to attend and 

need special assistance, such as sign 

language interpretation or other 

reasonable accommodations, should email NBSB@HHS.GOV. 

Dated: January 7, 2011. 

Nicole Lurie, 

Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and 

Response. 

[FR Doc. 2011–684 Filed 1–12–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4150–37–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES 

National Toxicology Program (NTP); 

NTP Interagency Center for the 

Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological 

Methods (NICEATM); Federal Agency 

Responses to Interagency 

Coordinating Committee on the 

Validation of Alternative Methods 

(ICCVAM) Recommendations on Two 

Nonradioactive Versions of the Murine 

Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) for 

Assessing Allergic Contact Dermatitis 

(ACD) Hazard Potential of Chemicals 

and Products, and Expanded Uses of 

the LLNA for Pesticide Formulations 

and Other Products; Notice of 

Availability 

AGENCY: National Institute of 

Environmental Health Sciences 

(NIEHS), National Institutes of Health 

(NIH), HHS. 

ACTION: Notice of Availability. 

SUMMARY: U.S. Federal agency responses 

to ICCVAM test method 

recommendations on two 

nonradioactive versions of the LLNA for 

assessing the ACD hazard potential of 

chemicals and products and for 

expanded uses of the LLNA for 

pesticide formulations and other 

products are now available on the 

NICEATM–ICCVAM Web site at http:// 

iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/ 

immunotox/llna.htm. ICCVAM 

recommended the nonradioactive 

LLNA: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridineenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 


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