IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 23-0790

Filed July 26, 2023

IN THE INTEREST OF A.T., S.B., and A.W.,

Minor Children,

A.B., Mother,

Appellant.

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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachel E. Seymour, 

District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights. AFFIRMED.

Karen A. Taylor of Taylor Law Offices, P.C., Des Moines, for appellant 

mother.

Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick (until withdrawal) and 

Mackenzie Moran, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellee State.

Nicole Garbis Nolan of the Youth Law Center, Des Moines, attorney and 

guardian ad litem for minor children.

Considered by Schumacher, P.J., and Chicchelly and Buller, JJ.
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BULLER, Judge.

The mother has three children: A.T. (born 2005), A.W. (born 2015), and S.B. 

(born 2019). After the mother pled guilty to sexually exploiting and producing child 

pornography of A.T., the juvenile court terminated her parental rights to all three 

children. She appeals the termination of her rights only as to A.W. and S.B.

The children came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Health and 

Human Services (HHS) most recently because one of the children described 

ongoing sexual abuse perpetrated by the mother and her stepfather and because 

the parents were reported to be using methamphetamine. The two older children 

had both been the subject of child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) petitions, and the 

family had been involved with HHS on multiple occasions. The mother admitted 

to using drugs throughout her pregnancy with A.W., who was born with marijuana 

in her system. The mother and one of the children’s fathers also repeatedly tested 

positive for methamphetamine and marijuana. 

In February 2022, an HHS investigation found that one of the children’s 

fathers had performed sex acts on the oldest child, who was approximately sixteen

at the time. The investigation also found the mother had taken nude photos of the 

child and offered to pay the child $80 cash to perform sex acts with the abuser and 

allow them to be recorded. There were credible reports that the mother was again 

using methamphetamine and offered both methamphetamine and alcohol to the 

abused child. The juvenile court credited the child’s description of the abuse, 

noting she “provided specific details regarding the incidents,” including that the 

mother was masturbating while watching video of the child being sexually abused 

and that the mother threatened to cut off contact between the child and her siblings 
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if she did not comply. HHS founded multiple counts of child abuse in relation to 

these reports. The oldest child was safety-planned to her maternal grandmother, 

formal removal proceedings were initiated, and the mother and abusive father were 

soon indicted by the federal government.

The children were all formally removed from the home in March 2022 

following an uncontested removal hearing. When the mother was ordered to 

complete drug testing in this timeframe, she indicated that she did not know if her 

drug screen would be “clean or dirty” for methamphetamine. The children were all 

adjudicated CINAs in an uncontested hearing in April 2022, and those records are 

before us by stipulation. 

The mother pled guilty in federal court to one count of sexual exploitation of 

a child and one count of production of child pornography. The mother was 

sentenced to forty-five years in prison and is expected to serve at least 85% of that 

sentence. A criminal no-contact order was entered between the mother and the 

children. 

At the termination hearing, the mother expressed that she wanted to 

maintain some degree of parental relationship with the younger children, even 

while incarcerated. The juvenile court found that the mother “continued to 

minimize her behaviors and the impact of her decisions of the children.” The 

juvenile court also expressed concern that the mother continued to deny causing 

any harm, including emotional harm, to the younger children; the court “found such 

a belie[f] was inconsistent with the abuse [the mother] has inflicted on her children.” 

The State, HHS, and the guardian ad litem all recommended termination for 

all three children. The HHS worker opined, and the juvenile court agreed, that “the 
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best way to protect these children from future harm would be to sever 

[the m]other’s legal rights.” 

The mother appeals, challenging the evidence supporting the statutory 

elements for termination, whether termination is in the best interests of the 

children, and whether a permissive exception should apply for termination of her 

rights to the two youngest children. She does not contest termination of her rights

to the oldest child. We review de novo. See In re W.T., 967 N.W.2d 315, 322 

(Iowa 2021) (describing the three-part process to analyze termination of parental 

rights and applying de novo review).

First, as to the statutory elements, see Iowa Code § 232.116(1) (2023), the 

State contends error was not preserved. As we have noted before, there is tension 

in our case law regarding whether the normal rules of error preservation apply in 

this context. See In re G.G., No. 22-1347, 2023 WL 152483, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. 

Jan. 11, 2023) (collecting cases). We need not resolve that tension here because 

the mother’s rights were terminated on multiple statutory grounds for both of the 

younger children, and she leaves at least one ground unchallenged for each child 

on appeal, so we can and do summarily conclude there is clear and convincing 

evidence for termination under those unchallenged grounds. See In re P.L., 778 

N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010).

Second, as to best interests of the children, see Iowa Code § 232.116(2), 

we agree with the juvenile court that termination is in the children’s best interests. 

The mother has been convicted of felony counts for sexually exploiting one of her 

children and producing child pornography of the same. The mother’s persistent 

marijuana and methamphetamine abuse reinforces that she presents an ongoing 
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danger to the children. Last, the mother will be incarcerated for decades. 

Particularly given the deference we owe the juvenile court’s findings that any future 

contact would be detrimental to the children, we find termination is in their best 

interests.

Third, we decline to apply any permissive exceptions to termination. See 

Iowa Code § 232.116(3). The mother bears the burden to convince us to apply an 

exception. In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 476 (Iowa 2018). The mother emphasizes 

the relative-custody and bond exceptions. See Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(a), (c). 

To the extent the relative-custody exception could be invoked for any of the 

children, we find the best interests of the children dictate termination for the 

reasons relied on by the juvenile court and adopted by our opinion on appeal. We 

agree with the juvenile court on this conclusion “[a]fter considering [the m]other’s 

egregious abuse of her children, her continued lack of insight, the length of time 

she has already been provided services, [and] the ongoing criminal No Contact 

Order.” As to the bond exception, we find the record lacks “clear and convincing 

evidence that the termination would be detrimental to the child[ren] . . . due to the 

closeness of the parent-child relationship.” Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(c). We 

conclude any bond the mother may have with the children pales in comparison to 

the factors supporting termination.

AFFIRMED.