Thus, contrary to plaintiff's claim that the ALJ performed no evaluation of her subjective
allegations and testimony, the record shows that the ALJ evaluated plaintiff's subjective
allegations in light of the relevant factors. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)(3); SSR 16-3p. The
ALJ's finding that the evidence was not consistent with plaintiff's allegations of debilitating
functional limitations prior to age 22 is substantially supported by the evidence. Plaintiff's
second assignment of error should be overruled.

3. The ALJ’s step three finding

Plaintiff alleges as her third assignment of error that the ALJ erred in failing to evaluate
whether she met Listing 12.11 for neurodevelopmental disorders, which plaintiff raised through
her counsel in a memorandum submitted prior to the ALJ hearing. (Doc. 11 at 5, citing Tr. 280-
82). Plaintiff's counsel did not assert at the ALJ hearing that plaintiff met a listing. (Tr. 32-60).
Plaintiff's statement of errors sets forth the criteria of Listing 12.11 and states: “This is the
Listing under which the [plaintiff's] conditions fall, and not considering whether the claimant
met or equaled 12.11 was error.” (/d. at 5). Plaintiff does not make any additional allegations in
her statement of errors or reply brief related to the ALJ’s step three finding and whether her

impairments meet or equal Listing 12.11.

The Commissioner argues that plaintiff has waived this alleged error because plaintiff did
not contend she met this Listing before the ALJ, and she did not develop her argument that her
impairments met or equaled Listing 12.11 in the statement of errors. The Commissioner further
argues that even if the ALJ should have considered Listing 12.11, his failure to do so was

harmless because plaintiff has offered no evidence to show that she meets Listing 12.11 and was

20


wanted to apply for social security benefits, and she had brought “lots of records” from
Children’s Hospital. (Tr. 504). Plaintiff did not report any changes in her condition, and the
findings and diagnoses were unchanged from her previous visits. (Tr. 504-05). Dr. Tanase told
plaintiff he would review the records she had brought. (Tr. 505).

Plaintiff returned to see Dr. Tanase five months later in April 2015. (Tr. Tr. 494-99),
Plaintiff complained of shortness of breath, mainly with exertion, and she wanted to know more
about her restrictive lung disease. (Tr. 498). There were no new findings, and Dr. Tanase again
noted that he would review plaintiff's paperwork. (Tr. 499). Dr. Tanase saw plaintiff in October
2015 but made no change in her diagnoses. (Tr. 447-52).

Dr. Tanase’s treatment notes support a finding that plaintiff suffered congenital and
chronic medical conditions. However, there is no indication in Dr. Tanase’s records that
plaintiff's congenital and chronic medical conditions caused symptoms or functional restrictions
prior to the date plaintiff turned age 22. Plaintiff has not cited any other record evidence to show
she suffered from debilitating functional limitations prior to age 22. Plaintiff simply alleges,
without citing any supporting authority, that the ALJ impermissibly relied on the opinions of the
state agency reviewing physicians, Dr. Gerald Klyop, M.D., and Dr. Maureen Gallagher, M.D.,
who did not have access to the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical records when they
reviewed the record and found insufficient evidence of a disabling impairment prior to age 22.
(Doc. 11 at 4, citing Tr. 61-66, 68-75). Plaintiff contends that because the record did not include
a medical opinion that included consideration of those records, the ALJ erroneously crafted the

RFC finding based solely on his lay opinion. (/d.).


9. [Plaintiff] does not have transferable work skills within the meaning of the
Social Security Act (20 CFR 404.1568).

10. Prior to attaining age 22, considering [plaintiff]’s age, education, work

experience, and residual functional capacity, there were jobs that existed in

significant numbers in the national economy that [plaintiff] could have

performed (20 CFR 404.1569 and 404.1569 (a)).!

11. [Plaintiff] was not “disabled,” as defined in the Social Security Act, at any

time prior to January 13, 1978, the date that she attained age 22 (20 CFR

404.350(a)(5) and 404.1520(g)).
(Tr. 16-23).

C. Judicial Standard of Review

Judicial review of the Commissioner’s determination is limited in scope by 42 U.S.C. §
405(g) and involves a twofold inquiry: (1) whether the findings of the ALJ are supported by
substantial evidence, and (2) whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards. See Blakley v.
Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 406 (6th Cir. 2009); see also Bowen v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
478 F.3d 742, 745-46 (6th Cir. 2007).

The Commissioner’s findings must stand if they are supported by “such relevant evidence
as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales,
402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (citing Consolidated Edison Co. v. N.L.R.B., 305 U.S. 197, 229

(1938)). Substantial evidence consists of “more than a scintilla of evidence but less than a

preponderance. ...” Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007). In

' The ALJ relied on the VE’s testimony to find that plaintiff would be able to perform the requirements of
representative light, unskilled occupations such as cafeteria attendant (119,500 jobs nationally), laundry press
operator (37,800 jobs nationally) and buffing machine tender (32,500 jobs nationally). (Tr. 23, 57).

5


therefore harmed by the ALJ’s alleged error. (Doc. 16 at 2-5). Plaintiff has not addressed the
Commissioner’s arguments in her reply memorandum.

The Court agrees that plaintiff has waived her argument that the ALJ erred at step three
by failing to develop her argument either legally or factually in the Statement of Errors or in the
reply brief. See Kuhn, 709 F.3d at 624; Rice, 169 F. App’x at 454; McPherson, 125 F.3d at 995-
96. Plaintiff has not pointed to any evidence in the record to show her impairments meet the
criteria of Listing 12.11. Plaintiff has mentioned her step three argument “in the most skeletal
way, leaving the court to . . . put flesh on its bones,” which constitutes a waiver of the argument.
See McPherson, 125 F.3d at 996. Plaintiff's third assignment error should be overruled.

IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT:

The decision of the Commissioner be AFFIRMED and this case be closed on the docket

of the Court.

Date: OG
Pern L. a,

United States Magistrate Judge

21


and any other relevant evidence in the individual’s case record.” SSR 16-3p, *4. The relevant
factors also include the individual’s daily activities; the location, duration, frequency, and
intensity of pain or other symptoms; factors that precipitate and aggravate symptoms; the type,
dosage, effectiveness, and side effects of any medication taken to alleviate the symptoms;
treatment, other than medication, an individual receives for pain or other symptoms; and any
other factors concerning an individual’s functional limitations and restrictions due to pain or
other symptoms. /d. at *7 (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1 529(c)(3) and 416.929(c)(3)). See also
Rogers, 486 F.3d at 247 (citations omitted).

Plaintiff testified at the May 17, 2017 hearing that she suffered fetal thalidomide
exposure. (Tr. 39). Plaintiff testified to “multiple birth defects” which led to a difficult
childhood and bullying during her school years. (Tr. 40-42). Plaintiff testified that physically,
she has less lung capacity due to her deformed chest cavity, a congenital heart defect which
caused her to always become fatigued very easily, so that she was unable to “keep up” with the
other children and had episodes of passing out. (Tr. 42, 43). Plaintiff had problems with
concentration, reading comprehension, and math, and she was easily distracted. (/d.). Plaintiff
also testified that she had hearing loss, more severe on the right side, which caused difficulty in
childhood and at school. (/d.). She testified that she missed a lot of days at school due to the flu
and allergic rhinitis, and she testified she has asthma. (Tr. 43). She testified that she slept more
than normal and took frequent naps. (Tr. 43). Plaintiff graduated from high school and attended
college for one year, but she said the effort was “unsuccessful.” (Tr. 47). She testified that she

made “several unsuccessful attempts” to work through the Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation


account for plaintiff's pectus excavatum, aberrant right subclavian artery, or other severe
impairments based on the prior ALJ’s decision and the 1961 medical records.

As further evidence of disability predating age 22, plaintiff relies on medical records
showing that Dr. Tanase, who began treating her in April 2014, reported pectus excavatum on
examination and found that plaintiff was suffering from restrictive lung disease due to body
habitus with deformities secondary to in utero Thalidomide exposure. (/d. at 3, citing Tr. 671-
72). Plaintiff also relies on an opinion issued by Dr. Tanase in October 2017 that plaintiff's
medical conditions, including the deformity in her thoracic cavity, were likely related to in utero
Thalidomide exposure. (Jd. at 3-4, citing Tr. 8). Plaintiff argues that this evidence shows her
impairments have consistently been characterized as chronic, congenital, and caused by in utero
exposure, and the evidence is therefore relevant to the time period before she attained age 22.
(id. at 3-4).

Initially, the Commissioner argues that Dr. Tanase’s letter opinion cannot be considered
in connection with plaintiff's appeal brought under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) because
the evidence was submitted to the Appeals Council after the ALJ’s decision. (Doe. 16 at 11-12).
The letter, which is dated October 26, 2017, states “that [plaintiff s] medical conditions,
including deformity of the thoracic cavity, are likely related to Thalidomide exposure in her
mother when she was pregnant with [plaintiff] - a chronic condition for (plaintiff].” (Tr. 8). The
letter was generated and submitted to the Appeals Council after the ALJ issued his decision on

September 6, 2017. (Tr. 2). The Appeals Council declined to consider the evidence because it

10


ALJ recognized that plaintiff's impairments were congenital and resulted in some limitations.
(Tr. 20; see also Tr. 17 - Children’s Hospital records showed signs of aberrant right subclavian
artery (Tr. 2056-69); a skin pigmentation disorder (incontinentia pigmenti) (Tr. 2024, 2051); left
eye cataract and replacement of the left eye with a prosthesis in 1961 (Tr. 2024, 2021); and some
developmental delay (Tr. 2024, 2059). The ALJ included restrictions in the RFC finding to
account for left-eye blindness and any developmental delay. (Tr. 20). Otherwise, the ALJ found
that while “the vast majority of the evidence of record” showed that plaintiff had “significant
impairments since 2000,” there was no “convincing objective medical evidence or clinical
findings” before the date plaintiff attained age 22 to show that she had greater functional
limitations than those assessed by the ALJ. (Tr. 17, 20).

First, the ALJ found that though hospital records establish that plaintiff exhibited medical
signs of aberrant right subclavian artery at birth in 1956, her heart and lungs otherwise appeared
normal. (Tr. 17, citing Tr. 2056-69). Plaintiff underwent implantation of a pacemaker for a
cardiac abnormality in 2000 at age 44 (Tr. 17, citing Tr. 1113), and the pacemaker was replaced
in May 2013 when plaintiff was age 57. (Tr. 17 citing Tr. 1076; see Tr. 1075-77). However, the
only medical evidence related to her cardiac condition prior to that date is from 1973 and shows
that plaintiff exhibited no signs of heart disease, and results of EKG testing and a chest x-ray
were normal. (Tr. 20, citing Tr. 2070). Further, although 1961 treatment notes report that
symptoms of epilepsy can result from plaintiff's condition, as of that time she had not developed

symptoms of epilepsy, her neurological examination was within normal limits, she had “done

neurological problems.” https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/incontinentia-pigmenti.


deciding whether the Commissioner's findings are supported by substantial evidence, the Court
considers the record as a whole. Hephner v. Mathews, 574 F.2d 359 (6th Cir. 1978).

The Court must also determine whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards in the
disability determination. Even if substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion that the
plaintiff is not disabled, “a decision of the Commissioner will not be upheld where the SSA fails
to follow its own regulations and where that error prejudices a claimant on the merits or deprives
the claimant of a substantial right.” Rabbers, 582 F.3d at 651 (quoting Bowen, 478 F.3d at 746).
See also Wilson, 378 F.3d at 545-46 (reversal required even though ALJ’s decision was
otherwise supported by substantial evidence where ALJ failed to give good reasons for not
giving weight to treating physician’s opinion, thereby violating the agency’s own regulations).

D. Specific Errors

On appeal, plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred: (1) in finding that plaintiff had no
exertional limitations prior to attaining age 22; (2) in failing to discuss or evaluate plaintiff's
testimony and/or credibility; and (3) in failing to evaluate whether plaintiff's impairments met
Listing 12.11. (Does. 11, 17).

1. Exertional impairments prior to age 22

The ALJ found that plaintiff had four severe impairments prior to attaining age 22 which
affected her ability to do basic work-related functions: (1) aberrant right subclavian artery, (2)

left eye blindness, (3) incontinentia pigmenti”, and (4) slight developmental delay. (Tr. 17). The

2 “Incontinentia pigmenti is a condition that can affect many body systems, particularly the skin. ... It is
characterized by skin abnormalities that evolve throughout childhood and young adulthood. ... Other signs and
symptoms . . . can include hair loss (alopecia) . . ., dental abnormalities . . ., [and] eye abnormalities that can lead to
vision loss. .. . Most people with incontinentia pigmenti have normal intelligence; however, this condition may
affect the brain. Associated problems can include delayed development or intellectual disability, seizures, and other

6



(BVR). (Tr. 48). Plaintiff testified she has never held a driver’s license. (Tr. 49). She had issue
with sun exposure due to her congenital skin condition. (Tr. 50).

The Commissioner argues that the ALJ considered plaintiff's testimony, the medical
evidence, and the pertinent regulatory factors and reasonably concluded that plaintiff's
allegations of debilitating limitations prior to age 22 were not supported. (Doc. 16 at 13- 15).
The Court agrees. The ALJ considered plaintiff's testimony and the medical evidence related to
her “slight developmental delay” as documented by the Children’s Hospital medical records.
(Tr. 18, citing Tr. 2005-70). The ALJ found there was no medical evidence that plaintiff
manifested a mental defect and/or epilepsy as a result of her medical conditions during childhood
as sometimes occurred with her conditions (Tr. 2023), and there was no evidence of an
intellectual disability (Tr. 2009). (Tr. 18). The ALJ nonetheless gave plaintiff “the maximum
benefit of [the] doubt” concerning her allegations about her difficult childhood and school years
and assessed mild to moderate limitations in her mental functioning, despite the “(minimal)
evidence of record” pertinent to the time period at issue. (/d.). The ALJ also considered the
“objective medical evidence” and “clinical findings” of record prior to age 22 and found that this
evidence did not support plaintiff's allegations of debilitating limitations for that time period.
(Tr. 17-18, 21-22). In addition, the ALJ relied on the absence of any evidence showing adverse
side effects from treatment or medication which would have impacted plaintiff's ability to
perform competitive work prior to age 22. (Tr. 22). Finally, the ALJ found that plaintiff's

treatment history was not consistent with a finding of disability that had its onset prior to January

1978. (Id.).

19


performing any type of excessive or strenuous work.” (Tr. 78). Plaintiff notes that the ALJ’s
1989 finding was “based upon several reports,” and the 1961 records from Cincinnati Children’s
Hospital show that examination in 1961 disclosed pectus excavatum and a history of aberrant
right subclavian artery. (Doc. 11 at 3, citing Tr. 2009). However, it is not clear what reports
ALJ Kelly was referencing and whether they date back to the time frame at issue here. (See Tr.
78). Evidence that was before ALJ Kelly but was not submitted in connection with plaintiff's
current application for child’s DIB is not relevant to plaintiff's request for DIB and this appeal.
Further, insofar as plaintiff relies on prior findings and medical records which disclose
the presence of congenital impairments and chronic conditions that predate age 22, the existence
of these severe impairments is not sufficient in and of itself to require a finding of disability prior
to age 22. “[A] diagnosis, in and of itself, is not conclusive evidence of disability because it does
not reflect the limitations, if any, that it may impose upon an individual.” Dillon v. Astrue, No.
1:09-cv-896, 2011 WL 900987 (S.D. Ohio Feb. 14, 2011) (Report and Recommendation)
(Bowman, J.), adopted sub nom., Dillon v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 2011 WL 901789 (S.D. Ohio
Mar. 14, 2011) (Barrett, J.) (citing Young v. Sec 'y of Health and Human Servs., 925 F.2d 146,
151 (6th Cir. 1990)). See also Clayburn-Day v. Commissioner of Social Sec., No. 1:10-cv-859,
2012 WL 423735, at *1 (S.D. Ohio Feb. 9, 2012) (a mere diagnosis or catalogue of symptoms
does not indicate functional limitations caused by the impairment). Plaintiff does not point to
anything in ALJ Kelly’s prior decision or in the records that were before ALJ Kelly which show
that her congenital and chronic conditions imposed debilitating functional limitations prior to the

date she turned age 22. The ALJ was not required to include additional restrictions in the RFC to


UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

WESTERN DIVISION
DEBORAH ANN FERGUSON, Case No. 1:18-cv-465
Plaintiff, Barrett, J.

Litkovitz, M.J.

vs.
COMMISSIONER OF REPORT AND
SOCIAL SECURITY, RECOMMENDATION
Defendant.

Plaintiff Deborah Ann Ferguson brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for
judicial review of the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (Commissioner)
denying plaintiff's application for Child’s Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB). This matter is
before the Court on plaintiff's Statement of Errors (Doc. 11), the Commissioner’s response in
opposition (Doc. 16), and plaintiff's reply (Doc. 17).

I. Procedural Background

Plaintiff was born in 1956 and turned 22 in January 1978. She has a high school
education. She has not worked in competitive employment in the relevant past. Plaintiff filed
her application for DIB in May 2015, alleging disability since her birth due to Incontinentia
Pigmenti - unusual skin pigmentation; health issues related to developmental abnormalities and
congenital deformities; and breathing complications. The application was denied initially and
upon reconsideration. Plaintiff then requested and was granted a de novo hearing before
administrative law judge (ALJ) Mark Hockensmith. On September 6, 2017, the ALJ issued a

decision denying plaintiff's DIB application. Plaintiff's request for review by the Appeals


memorandum, and she has not attempted to make this showing. (Docs. 11, 17). Plaintiff has
therefore waived any argument that this matter should be remanded pursuant to sentence six of §
405(g) for consideration of Dr. Tanase’s letter opinion. See Kuhn v. Washtenaw County, 709
F.3d 612, 624 (6th Cir. 2013) (citing Caudill v. Hollan, 431 F.3d 900, 915 n.13 (6th Cir. 2005)
(“arguments not raised in a party’s opening brief, as well as arguments adverted to in only a
perfunctory manner, are waived.”)). See also Rice v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 169 F. App’x 452,
454 (6th Cir. 2006) (a plaintiff's failure to develop an argument in a Statement of Errors
challenging an ALJ’s non-disability determination amounts to a waiver of that argument);
McPherson v. Kelsey, 125 F.3d 989, 995-96 (6th Cir. 1997) (“[I]ssues adverted to in a
perfunctory manner, unaccompanied by some effort at developed argumentation, are deemed
waived).

The Court can consider Dr. Tanase’s treatment records, which were part of the record
before the ALJ. Dr. Tanase’s treatment records document congenital and chronic impairments,
but they do not support a finding that these impairments imposed debilitating functional
limitations prior to the date plaintiff attained age 22. Plaintiff first saw Dr. Tanase in April 2014
when she was 58 years old. (Tr. 667-72). Dr. Tanase evaluated her for shortness of breath with
exertion. Plaintiff also reported she used to have a cough but did not anymore; she had a
prosthetic left eye; she was going to see a doctor for allergies; and it was believed her chest wall
deformity and eye problems were related to her mother’s exposure to Thalidomide during
pregnancy. (Tr. 671). On pulmonary examination, her effort and breath sounds were normal and

she had no respiratory distress, wheezes, or rales. (Tr. 672). Dr. Tanase noted on examination


did “not show a reasonable probability that it would change the outcome of the decision.” (Tr.
2).

Evidence that a claimant submits to the Appeals Council after the ALJ’s decision “cannot
be considered part of the record for purposes of substantial evidence review.” Foster v. Halter,
279 F.3d 348, 357 (6th Cir. 2001) (citing Cline v. Comm'r of Social Security, 96 F.3d 146, 148
(6th Cir. 1996)). “The district court can, however, remand the case for further administrative
proceedings [under sentence six of § 405(g)] in light of the evidence, if a claimant shows that the
evidence is new and material, and that there was good cause for not presenting it in the prior
proceeding.” Jd.; Ferguson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 628 F.3d 269, 276 (6th Cir. 2010). Evidence
is new only if it was “not in existence or available to the claimant at the time of the
administrative proceeding”; it is “material” only if there is “a reasonable probability that the
Secretary would have reached a different disposition of the disability claim if presented with the
new evidence”; and the claimant “shows ‘good cause’ by demonstrating a reasonable
justification for the failure to acquire and present the evidence for inclusion in the hearing before
the ALJ.” Jd. (citations omitted).

Plaintiff did not submit Dr. Tanase’s October 26, 2017 letter until after the ALJ issued his
decision on September 6, 2017. Thus, the Court cannot consider the evidence in connection with
this appeal. In order to obtain a remand under sentence six of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for
consideration of the evidence, plaintiff must show that the evidence is “new” and “material,” and
that there was good cause for failure to present the evidence at the ALJ hearing. Plaintiff does

not address consideration of this additional evidence in her statement of errors or in her reply

11


well with no specific problems except occasional constipation,” and vital signs were normal.
(Tr. 20, 22, citing Tr. 2009, 2070). In addition, the record first mentions impaired hearing in
2014 when plaintiff saw Dr. Lee Zimmer, M.D., for unspecified hearing loss. (Tr. 17, citing Tr.
1105-21).

In finding that this evidence did not support greater functional limitations prior to age 22
than those included in the RFC finding, the ALJ determined that the medical evidence of record
was sparse and was “not particularly relevant” to assessing plaintiffs condition for that time
frame. (Tr. 17, 20). The ALJ found that there was a “long gap in the medical record” between
cardiac testing in 1973, which was normal (Tr. 2070), and additional evidence in 2005. (Tr. 22).
Plaintiff does not dispute that there is a “long gap in the medical record” between 1973 and 2005
as found by the ALJ. (Doe. 11 at 3). Plaintiff argues, though, that there is evidence of disability
“prior to 2005” that is relevant to the period before she turned 22. (d.). Plaintiff points to (1) a
decision rendered by ALJ John T. Kelly, III, in January 1989 granting her prior application for
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) as of February 5, 1988, and (2) the treatment notes and
opinion of treating pulmonologist Dr. Daniel Tanase, M.D., of UC Health Physicians. (/d.).
However, this evidence does not support a finding that plaintiff was disabled by her impairments
before she attained the age of 22.

First, ALJ Kelly found in his 1989 decision that plaintiff was disabled as of February 5,
1988, based primarily on an undiagnosed personality disorder “which prevents all work
activity”; left eye blindness; and a congenital heart defect “which results in easy fatigability.”

(Tr. 78-79). ALJ Kelly stated that “[a]ccording to several reports, [she] would have difficulty


UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

WESTERN DIVISION
DEBORAH ANN FERGUSON, Case No. 1:18-cv-465
Plaintiff, Barrett, J.

Litkovitz, M.J.

vs.

COMMISSIONER OF
SOCIAL SECURITY,
Defendant.
NOTICE TO THE PARTIES REGARDING THE FILING OF OBJECTIONS TO R&R
Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b), WITHIN 14 DAYS after being served with a copy of
the recommended disposition, a party may serve and file specific written objections to the
proposed findings and recommendations. This period may be extended further by the Court on
timely motion for an extension. Such objections shall specify the portions of the Report objected
to and shall be accompanied by a memorandum of law in support of the objections. If the Report
and Recommendation is based in whole or in part upon matters occurring on the record at an oral
hearing, the objecting party shall promptly arrange for the transcription of the record, or such
portions of it as all parties may agree upon, or the Magistrate Judge deems sufficient, unless the
assigned District Judge otherwise directs. A party may respond to another party's objections
WITHIN 14 DAYS after being served with a copy thereof. Failure to make objections in

accordance with this procedure may forfeit rights on appeal. See Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140

(1985); United States v. Walters, 638 F.2d 947 (6th Cir. 1981).

22


in the national economy. Rabbers, 582 F.3d at 652; Harmon v. Apfel, 168 F.3d 289, 291 (6th

Cir. 1999).
B. The Administrative Law Judge’s Findings

The ALJ applied the sequential evaluation process and made the following findings of

fact and conclusions of law:

1, [Plaintiff] was born [in] .. . 1956. She attained age 22 [in] January 1978 (20
CFR 404.102 and 404.350(a)(5)).

2. [Plaintiff] did not perform substantial gainful activity in the relevant past (20
CFR 404.1571, et seq.).

3. Prior to attaining age 22, [plaintiff] had the following severe impairments:
aberrant right subclavian artery, left eye blindness, incontinentia pigmenti, slight
developmental delay (20 CFR 404.1520(c)).

4. Prior to attaining age 22, [plaintiff] did not have an impairment or
combination of impairments that met or medically equaled the severity of one of
the listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 CFR
404.1520(d), 404.1525 and 404.1526).

5. Prior to attaining age 22, [plaintiff] had the residual functional capacity to
perform a full range of work at all exertional levels subject to the following non-
exertional limitations: (1) no climbing of ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; (2) no work
at unprotected heights or with dangerous machinery; (3) no driving; (4) no
requirement to read fine print as a part of essential job duties; (5) no need for
peripheral vision as part of essential job duties; (6) limited to simple, routine
tasks; (7) limited to a static work environment with few changes in routine; (8)
no fast-paced work or strict production quotas; (9) no requirement for math or
reading above a 6th-grade level.

6. [Plaintiff] has no past relevant work (20 CFR 404.1565).

7. [Plaintiff] was born [in] ... 1956. She attained age 22 [in] January 1978 (20
CFR 404.1563).

8. [Plaintiff] has at least a high school education and a few college credits (20
CFR 404.1564).


It is well-settled that “the ALJ is charged with the responsibility of evaluating the medical
evidence and the claimant’s testimony to form an assessment of [the claimant’s] residual
functional capacity.” Coldiron v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 391 F. App’x 435, 439 (6th Cir. 2010)
(internal citations and quotations omitted) (citing Webb v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 368 F.3d 629,
633 (6th Cir. 2004)). “An ALJ does not improperly assume the role of a medical expert by
weighing the medical and non-medical evidence before rendering an RFC finding.” /d. (citing
Poe v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 342 F. App’x 149, 157 (6th Cir. 2009); Dixon v. Massanari, 270
F.3d 1171, 1177-78 (7th Cir. 2001)). See also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1546(c) (the ALJ is responsible
for assessing a residual functional capacity). As the Sixth Circuit has explained:

[The plaintiff] also argues that the ALJ’s RFC lacks substantial evidence because

no physician opined that [the plaintiff] was capable of light work. But “the ALJ is

charged with the responsibility of determining the RFC based on her evaluation of

the medical and non-medical evidence.” Rudd v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 531 F.

App’x 719, 728 (6th Cir. 2013) (emphasis added). An RFC is an “administrative

finding,” and the final responsibility for determining an individual’s RFC is

reserved to the Commissioner. SSR 96-Sp, 1996 WL 374183, at *1-2 (July 2,

1996). “[T]o require the ALJ to base h[is] RFC on a physician’s opinion, would,

in effect, confer upon the treating source the authority to make the determination or

decision about whether an individual is under a disability.” Rudd, 531 F. App’x at

728.

Shepard v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 705 F. App’x 435, 442-43 (6th Cir. 2017); see also Mokbel-
Aljahmi v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 732 F. App’x 395, 401 (6th Cir. 2018) (“We have previously
rejected the argument that a residual functional capacity determination cannot be supported by
substantial evidence unless a physician offers an opinion consistent with that of the ALJ.”).

Here, the ALJ did not impermissibly craft an RFC by relying on the state agency

reviewing physicians’ opinions and the medical evidence of record. The AL] acknowledged that

15


Soe. Sec. R. 16-3p, 2016 WL 1119029, *1.3 This involves a two-step process. First, the ALJ
determines if the record contains objective medical evidence of an underlying medically
determinable impairment that could reasonably be expected to produce the individual’s
symptoms, such as pain. /d. at *2; see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(a); see also Jones v. Comm’r of
Soc. Sec., 336 F.3d 469, 475-76 (6th Cir. 2003). This determination does not look at the severity
of a claimant’s pain or other symptoms but whether an individual has a medically determinable
impairment that could reasonably cause such symptoms. SSR 16-3p explains:

[I]f an individual has a medically determinable impairment

established by a knee x-ray showing mild degenerative changes, and

he or she alleges extreme pain that limits her ability to stand and

walk, we will find that individual has a medically determinable

impairment that could reasonably be expected to produce the

symptom of pain. We will then proceed to step two of the two-step

process, even though the level of pain an individual alleges may
seem out of proportion with the objective medical evidence.

SSR 16-3p, *3.
Second, the ALJ must evaluate the intensity and persistence of an individual’s symptoms,
such as pain, and determine the extent to which the individual’s symptoms limit her ability to
perform work-related activities. In evaluating the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of
an individual’s symptoms, the ALJ will “examine the entire case record, including the objective
medical evidence; an individual’s statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects

of symptoms; statements and other information provided by medical sources and other persons;

3 For decisions rendered on or after March 28, 2016, the ALJ will evaluate a claimant's statements concerning the
intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of symptoms of an alleged disability under SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304
(Oct. 25, 2017). SSR 16-3p superseded SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186 (July 2, 1996), which required the ALJ to
evaluate the overall credibility of a plaintiff's statements.

17


requirements of child insurance benefits, [the claimant] must establish . . . that she was disabled
as a child or that she is disabled as an adult and that she was continuously disabled from the date
of her twenty-second birthday . . . through the date that she applied for benefits.”) (citing 42
U.S.C. § 402(d)(1); Futernick, 484 F.2d at 648).

Regulations promulgated by the Commissioner establish a five-step sequential evaluation
process for disability determinations:

1) If the claimant is doing substantial gainful activity, the claimant is not disabled.

2) If the claimant does not have a severe medically determinable physical or

mental impairment — i.e., an impairment that significantly limits his or her

physical or mental ability to do basic work activities — the claimant is not

disabled.

3) If the claimant has a severe impairment(s) that meets or equals one of the

listings in Appendix 1 to Subpart P of the regulations and meets the duration

requirement, the claimant is disabled.

4) If the claimant’s impairment does not prevent him or her from doing his or her
past relevant work, the claimant is not disabled.

5) If the claimant can make an adjustment to other work, the claimant is not

disabled. If the claimant cannot make an adjustment to other work, the claimant

is disabled.
Rabbers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 582 F.3d 647, 652 (6th Cir. 2009) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(v), 404.1520(b)-(g)). The claimant has the burden of proof at the first four
steps of the sequential evaluation process. Id.; Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 548
(6th Cir. 2004). Once the claimant establishes a prima facie case by showing an inability to

perform the relevant previous employment, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to show that

the claimant can perform other substantial gainful employment and that such employment exists


Council was denied, making the decision of the ALJ the final administrative decision of the
Commissioner.
II. Analysis

A. Legal Framework for Disability Determinations

Child’s benefits based on disability are provided for under 42 U.S.C. § 402(d). A
claimant may be entitled to DIB if she is at least 18 years old and has a disability that began
before she turned 22 years old. 20 C.F.R. § 404.350(a)(5). See also Miller v. Shalala, 859 F.
Supp. 297, 298 (S.D. Ohio 1994) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 402(d)(1)(B)(i)) (a requirement for DIB
is that the claimant be “under a disability . .. which began before [s]he attained the age of 22...
.”). To qualify for DIB, a claimant must suffer from a medically determinable physical or mental
impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for
a continuous period of not less than 12 months. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). The impairment must
render the claimant unable to engage in the work previously performed or in any other
substantial gainful employment that exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2).

To establish eligibility for retroactive child’s DIB, the claimant must show that she “has
been ‘able to work at the substantial gainful activity level’” as defined under 20 C.F.R. §
404.1572. Cardew v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 896 F.3d 742, 746 (6th Cir. 201 8). The claimant
must make a showing of “continuous disability” by establishing: (1) that she “was disabled on or
before [her] birthday (here, the twenty-second birthday); and (2) that such disability continue[d]
to the date of the application.” Jd. at 300 (citing Futernick v. Richardson, 484 F.2d 647 (6th Cir.

1973)). See also Baker v. Barnhart, 101 F. App’x 992, 993 (6th Cir. 2004) (“To satisfy the


“pectus excavatum.” He assessed plaintiff with “Shortness of breath/Chronic cough/Deformities
secondary to Thalidomide used by her mother during pregnancy.” He noted that plaintiff likely
had a “restrictive lung disease, due to body habitus” and he questioned whether she had asthma,
though her cough was gone. (/d.). She was to undergo allergy testing and return for follow-up
in six months.

Dr. Tanase next saw plaintiff in June 2014. (Tr. 520-31). Allergy testing had been
performed in the interim by Dr. Lee Zimmer, M.D., who reported that the results were negative
and diagnosed plaintiff with non-allergic rhinitis. (Tr. 536). Dr. Tanase again noted pectus
excavatum present on examination but no other pulmonary symptoms. (Tr. 530). The diagnoses
were shortness of breath, restrictive lung disease, chronic cough, and deformities secondary to
Thalidomide used by her mother during her pregnancy. (Tr. 531).

Dr. Tanase saw plaintiff in October 2014. (Tr. 504-511). The records note that plaintiff
has “occasional shortness of breath, mainly with exercise.” (Tr. 510). She exhibited no
pulmonary symptoms on examination but pectus excavatum was noted. A chest CT scan
performed in October 2014 disclosed an “aberrant right subclavian artery” and “[s]table
appearance of mixed attenuated nodule within the lingula.” (Tr. 511). A follow-up CT scan was
recommended in one year to evaluate the nodule for stability. (/d.). Dr. Tanase added a lung
nodule to his diagnoses, and he noted that plaintiff's cough was gone. He planned to repeat the
CT scan of the chest in 9 months. (Tr. 511).

Plaintiff saw Dr. Tanase on November 6, 2014. (Tr. 500-05). Plaintiff wanted to

“discuss the effects of Thalidomide exposure from her mother and her current condition” as she

13


Drs. Klyop and Gallagher did not have access to the Children’s Hospital Medical records, which
were not submitted into the record until the hearing level. (Tr. 17, citing Tr. 2005-70). The ALJ
considered the evidence submitted after their assessments and reasonably found that while
plaintiff had “severe” impairments of aberrant right subclavian artery, left eye blindness,
incontinentia pigmenti, and slight developmental delay prior to age 22, she had not shown that
her impairments limited her “exertional capabilities” during the time period in question. (Tr. 17-
18, 20). Plaintiff has not pointed to evidence in the Children’s Hospital records which indicates
that contrary to the ALJ’s finding, her severe impairments imposed exertional restrictions prior
to age 22. The ALJ did not erroneously rely on his own lay opinion of the evidence to reach this
conclusion. The ALJ relied on the opinions of Drs. Klyop and Gallagher, the hospital records
subsequently entered into the record, and plaintiff's testimony in crafting an RFC for the relevant
time period that is substantially supported by the record. Plaintiff's first assignment of error
should be overruled.

2. The ALJ’s assessment of plaintiff's subjective complaints

Plaintiff alleges as her second assignment of error that the ALJ erred by failing to
conduct any evaluation of her subjective complaints under SSR 16-3p. (Doc. 11 at 4-5). Social
Security Ruling 16-3p, 2016 WL 1119029 (March 16, 2016), “provides guidance about how [the
Social Security Administration] evaluate[s] statements regarding the intensity, persistence, and
limiting effects of symptoms.” This Social Security Ruling eliminates the use of the term
“credibility” and clarifies “that subjective symptom evaluation is not an examination of an

individual’s character” but an evaluation of the individual’s symptoms in the disability process.