1 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO 

EASTERN DIVISION 

LARRY T. KRIEGER, 

Plaintiff, : Case No. 2:18-cv-876 

- vs - Judge Sarah D. Morrison 

Magistrate Judge Chelsey M. Vascura 

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL 

SECURITY, 

 : 

 Defendant. 

OPINION AND ORDER

Larry Krieger (“Plaintiff”) brings this action under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3) 

for review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (“Commissioner”) denying 

his application for Social Security Disability Insurance Benefits. This matter is before the Court 

on the Plaintiff’s Objection (ECF No. 13) to the Report and Recommendation (R&R) issued by 

the United States Magistrate Judge on March 13, 2019 (ECF No. 12), recommending that the 

Court overrule Plaintiff’s Statement of Errors and affirm the Commissioner’s decision. For the 

reasons set forth below, the Court OVERRULES Plaintiff’s Objection, ADOPTS the Magistrate 

Judge’s Report and Recommendation, and AFFIRMS the Commissioner’s decision. 

I. BACKGROUND 

A. Procedural History 

Plaintiff protectively filed an application for Title II Social Security Disability Benefits 

on September 24, 2014. (Admin. Record, 355–61, ECF No. 6) Plaintiff’s claims were denied 

initially on February 2, 2015, and upon reconsideration on May 15, 2015. (Id. at 218–48). He 
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filed a Request for Hearing on June 2, 2015. (Id. at 268–69). 

 Administrative Law Judge Jeanine Lesperance (“ALJ”) held an administrative hearing on 

April 18, 2017. (Id. at 103). On August 2, 2017, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision. (Id. at 

79–98). Plaintiff requested review of the administrative decision to the Appeals Council, which 

denied his request on June 17, 2018, and adopted the ALJ’s decision as the Commissioner’s final 

decision. (Id. at 2–8; 353–54). 

Plaintiff filed this case on August 15, 2018 (ECF No. 1), and the Commissioner filed the 

administrative record on October 29, 2018 (ECF No. 6). Plaintiff filed a Statement of Specific 

Errors (ECF No. 7), the Commissioner responded (ECF No. 10), and Plaintiff filed a Reply (ECF 

No. 11). On March 13, 2019, the Magistrate Judge issued her Report and Recommendation. 

(ECF No. 12). After a thorough analysis, the Magistrate Judge recommended affirming the 

Commissioner’s non-disability finding. On March 27, 2019, Plaintiff timely filed an Objection to 

the Magistrate’s R&R. (ECF No. 13). 

B. Relevant Record Evidence1

1. Hearing Testimony 

 Plaintiff, represented by counsel, appeared and testified at the administrative hearing. He 

testified that he had not worked since 2010, and that he was unable to return to work because of a 

constant dull ache in his knee. (Id. at 114, 121–22). Plaintiff stated that he had a “partial knee 

joint put in” in October 2014. (Id. at 121). Several months later, a doctor “went in and scrapped” 

his ankle and he began getting injections in his left hip. (Id.). Thereafter, he was able to sit for 

 1

 The parties stipulated at the administrative hearing that the relevant period of time for 

consideration of evidence was from February 16, 2013 (date after prior ALJ denial) through 

December 31, 2015 (date of last insured). (R. at 93, 105). 
3 

three to four hours at a time with his left leg elevated and could lift about 25 pounds. (Id. at 123). 

Plaintiff testified that he could walk around for approximately 45 minutes before he needed to sit 

again. (Id.). Plaintiff recalled getting a cane in 2011 when a doctor mentioned to him “you know, 

maybe you need to go get a cane.” (Id. at 124). However, Plaintiff acknowledged that he was 

never given a prescription for a cane. (Id.). Plaintiff also testified that there were about six 

months after his ankle surgery where he did not use a cane. (Id.). Plaintiff testified that he drives 

about eight times a week and can take trips without stopping for at least 45 minutes. (Id. at 112– 

13). Plaintiff also testified that he was able to help feed and water his rat terriers, vacuum the 

floors, and load and unload the dishwasher for short periods of time with adequate rest between 

each activity. (Id. at 133–137). 

 Vocational Expert Eric Walter Pruitt (“VE”) also testified. The VE classified Plaintiff’s 

past relevant work experience as electronics solderer (semiskilled, light work), production 

solderer (unskilled, light work), forklift operator (semiskilled, medium work), and plastic 

injection mold setter (skilled, medium work). (Id. at 144–46). The ALJ proposed a hypothetical 

regarding Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”)2

 to the VE, which limited Plaintiff to a 

range of work between sedentary and light. (Id. at 147). The VE testified that, assuming the 

limitations of the ALJ’s hypothetical, Plaintiff could return to either of his previous soldering 

jobs. (Id. at 148). When asked to alter the hypothetical, the VE testified that there were a limited 

number of other light, unskilled occupations that Plaintiff would be capable of performing, 

including facility rental clerk, garment tacking machine tender, and label coder. (Id. at 148–49). 

The VE also testified that were a number of sedentary, unskilled occupations that Plaintiff could 

 2

 A claimant’s RFC is an assessment of “the most [he] can still do despite [his] 

limitations.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1). 
4 

perform, including film touchup inspector, document preparer, and circuit board touchup 

screener. (Id. at 149–50). 

2. Medical Opinions 

 On September 3, 2014, Dr. Jason Hurst, M.D., a physician at Joint Implant Surgeons, 

Inc., saw Plaintiff for a left knee follow-up assessment due to complaints of a two-year history of 

pain and sliding occurring intermittently. (Id. at 454). Dr. Hurst noted that Plaintiff used a knee 

brace given by the Veterans Association (“VA”). (Id.). Dr. Hurst observed that Plaintiff could 

ascend and descend stairs with the assistance of the handrail and that he “requires the use of a 

cane to ambulate.” (Id.). Dr. Hurst noted Plaintiff’s primary diagnosis as osteoarthritis and pain 

of the left knee and recommended a conservative approach, including knee injections and no 

physical therapy. (Id.). 

Dr. Hurst saw Plaintiff again the next day for a left hip follow-up assessment due to 

Plaintiff’s complaint of left hip pain, particularly while walking. (Id. at 452). Dr. Hurst observed 

that Plaintiff could ascend and descend the stairs in a non-reciprocal fashion, was only able to 

walk indoors, exhibited a moderate limp, and could sit in any chair comfortably for one hour. 

(Id.). Plaintiff relayed to Dr. Hurst that he used one cane for walking “most of the time.” (Id.). 

Dr. Hurst noted Plaintiff’s primary diagnosis as osteoarthritis of the left hip and recommended a 

conservative approach, including deferring hip injections and no surgery. (Id. at 453). Dr. Hurst 

concluded, “I don’t believe Mr. Krieger should be disabled due to either his hip or knee 

complaints.” (Id.). 

On January 30, 2015, Dr. Steve McKee, M.D., a state agency physician, reviewed 

Plaintiff’s medical records as part of a physical RFC assessment. Dr. McKee opined that Plaintiff 

could occasionally lift or carry 10 pounds and frequently lift or carry less than 10 pounds. (Id. at 
5 

228). Dr. McKee opined that Plaintiff could stand or walk for a total of two hours but “[a] 

medically required hand-held assistive device is necessary for ambulation.” (Id.). Dr. McKee 

opined that Plaintiff could sit with normal breaks for six hours out of an eight-hour workday and 

that he had limited ability to operate push or pull controls with his left foot. (Id. at 229). Dr. 

McKee also opined that Plaintiff could occasionally climb ramps or stairs, balance, stoop, kneel, 

and crouch but could never climb ropes, ladders, or scaffolds, or crawl. (Id.). Dr. McKee based 

his findings upon his review of Plaintiff’s September 2, 2014 exam by Dr. Hurst, where it was 

noted that Plaintiff required a cane for ambulation, and his July 1, 2014 exam at the VA where 

Plaintiff was prescribed a basic hinge knee brace but was noted to ambulate well. (Id.). On May 

14, 2015, Dr. Elaine Lewis, M.D., also a state agency reviewing physician, adopted Dr. McKee’s 

opinions. (Id. at 245). 

 On July 28, 2016, Dr. Robert Hess, M.D., performed an independent medical evaluation 

of Plaintiff at the request of Plaintiff’s counsel. (Id. at 845–89). Plaintiff relayed to Dr. Hess that 

he had a partial knee replacement between 2013 and 2014. (Id. at 847). In addition, Dr. Hess 

noted that Plaintiff had arthroscopy of the left knee on three occasions, arthroscopic surgery and 

debridement of the left ankle, and hip injections for pain and arthritic and bursitis changes in his 

left hip. (Id.). Dr. Hess also noted that Plaintiff stopped working in August 2010 because of 

“ongoing, unrelenting, constant leg pain, specifically in the knee, hip, back, and ankle.” (Id.). 

Upon his own examination, Dr. Hess observed that Plaintiff had “severe left antalgic gait and it 

is necessary for him to have a cane in his right hand to walk. It is a painful gait.” (Id.). Based on 

his review of Plaintiff’s medical files and his own evaluation, Dr. Hess opined that Plaintiff had 

52% whole person impairment. (Id. at 849). 
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C. The ALJ’s Decision 

The Magistrate Judge accurately described the ALJ’s decision. (See R&R, 5–7, ECF No. 

12). At step four of the sequential process,3

 the ALJ set forth Plaintiff’s RFC as follows: 

After careful consideration of the entire record, I find that, through the date last 

insured, the claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform light work as 

defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b), as the claimant could lift and/or carry 20 pounds 

occasionally and 10 pounds frequently; stand and/or walk for 4 hours in an 8-hour 

workday; and sit for 6 hours in an 8-hour workday. The claimant could 

occasionally climb ladders, ropes, scaffolds, ramps, and stairs; and occasionally 

kneel, crouch, and crawl. The claimant could not operate any foot controls with he 

left lower extremity. 

(R. at 87). 

In making such finding, the ALJ noted that while the claimant stated that he typically 

ambulated with a cane, 

there is little evidence to support that the claimant required a use of a cane during 

this time, as he even admitted that there is no prescription for it and the doctor just 

“recommended” in 2011 that he use one . . . . The record does include intermittent 

references to the claimant using a cane but nothing on a consistent basis and nothing 

to explain the circumstances in which he used it. . . . Therefore, the claimant did 

not meet his burden to establish it is medically necessary. 

(Id. at 90). The ALJ ultimately concluded that Plaintiff was not under disability any time 

from the alleged onset date through December 31, 2015. (R. at 93). 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

If a party objects within the allotted time to a report and recommendation, the Court 

“shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed 

findings or recommendations to which objection is made.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); see also Fed. 

R. Civ. P. 72(b). Upon review, the Court “may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the 

 3 See R&R, fn. 1, ECF No. 12.
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findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). The Court’s 

review “is limited to determining whether the Commissioner’s decision ‘is supported by 

substantial evidence and was made pursuant to proper legal standards.’” Ealy v. Comm'r of Soc. 

Sec., 594 F.3d 504, 512 (6th Cir. 2010) (quoting Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 

241 (6th Cir. 2007)); see also 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (“The findings of the Commissioner of Social 

Security as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive . . . .”). 

III. ANALYSIS

In his Statement of Specific Errors, Plaintiff asserts three assignments of error, one of 

which also forms the basis of his Objection to the Magistrate Judge’s R&R. Specifically, 

Plaintiff contends that the ALJ and the Magistrate Judge failed to properly consider the evidence 

in concluding that no assistive device was medically necessary when constructing Plaintiff’s 

RFC. (Objection, 2, ECF No. 13). 

 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ “circumvented the evidence in the record and the 

uncontradicted statements by the medical providers” in reaching her conclusion that Plaintiff’s 

use of an assistive device was not a medical necessity. (Id.). Specifically, Plaintiff contends that 

Dr. Hurst, Dr. Hess, and the state agency’s reviewing physicians agreed that Plaintiff needed to 

use an assistive device, and that there were numerous references in the record to support the 

necessity, including Plaintiff’s multiple surgeries and significant problems with his gait. (Id.). 

 Social Security Regulation 96-9p specifically requires: 

medical documentation establishing the need for a hand-held assistive device to aid 

in walking or standing, and describing the circumstances for which it is needed (i.e., 

whether all the time, periodically, or only in certain situations; distance and terrain; 

and any other relevant information). 

1996 WL 374185, at *7 (July 2, 1996). If a cane is not medically necessary, it is not considered a 

restriction on the ability to work and the ALJ is not required to reduce the claimant’s RFC 
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accordingly. Carreon v. Massanari, 51 Fed. Appx. 571, 575 (6th Cir. 2002). Medical necessity 

requires more than just the claimant’s subjective desire to use the cane. Penn v. Astrue, No. 2:09-

CV-169, 2010 WL 547491, at *6 (S.D. Ohio Feb. 12, 2010). 

In her Report and Recommendation, the Magistrate Judge cites the reasons supporting the 

ALJ’s conclusion that there is little evidence in the record to support Plaintiff’s need to use a 

cane as articulated under SSR 96-9p. After carefully reviewing the record de novo, this Court 

finds the Magistrate Judge’s assessment of the evidence accurate. 

According to Plaintiff, he recalled getting a cane in 2011 when a doctor mentioned to him 

“you know, maybe you need to go get a cane.” (Id. at 90, 124). However, Plaintiff acknowledged 

that he was never given a prescription for a cane. (Id.). Plaintiff also provided that he did not use 

a cane for about six months after his ankle surgery in March 2015. (Id. at 90, 124). While Dr. 

Hurst observed that Plaintiff required a cane to ambulate, Dr. Hurst never made any 

determination regarding whether a cane was medically necessary or described the specific 

circumstances for which it was needed. (Id. at 91, 452–54). Plaintiff only relayed to Dr. Hurst 

that he used the cane “most of the time” for walking. (Id. at 454). Further, the state reviewing 

physicians’ opinions that Plaintiff’s use of a cane was medically necessary were based solely on 

Dr. Hurst’s observation that Plaintiff used a cane. (Id. at 228–29). The state reviewing agency 

physicians also noted that Plaintiff ambulated well based on his evaluation two months earlier at 

the VA. (Id. at 229). Additionally, the ALJ properly noted that Dr. Hess’ first-hand observations 

regarding Plaintiff’s use of a cane fell several months after the date of last insured. (Id. at 91, 

847). He also failed to note any of the specific circumstances requiring Plaintiff’s use of the cane 

as required by SSR 96-9p. (Id.). 

While Plaintiff demonstrated that he has used a cane—albeit inconsistently—he did not 
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point to any clinical evidence that unmistakably supported that he must use a cane. Strain v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., No. 5:12-CV-1368, 2013 WL 3947160, at *2 (N.D. Ohio Aug. 1, 

2013). As the Magistrate Judge concluded, “Plaintiff fails to point to any medical documentation 

establishing that a cane is medically necessary or describing the circumstances for which it is 

needed, as the SSR 96-p requires.” (R&R, 11); see White v. Berryhill, No. 3:16-CV-457, 2018 

WL 1516782, at *6 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 28, 2018) (holding that a prescription for a cane did not 

equate with a medical necessity when the prescription did not include why the claimant needed 

the cane or when to use it); Mitchell v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 13CV1969, 2014 WL 3738270, 

at *12 (N.D. Ohio July 29, 2014) (finding that the claimant’s own testimony and treatment notes 

by his physician that he used a cane did not qualify as medical documentation establishing the 

need for a cane under SSR 96-9p). Moreover, “[w]here there is conflicting evidence concerning 

the need for a cane, ‘it is the ALJ’s task, and not the Court’s, to resolve conflicts in the 

evidence.’” Forester v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:16-CV-1156, 2017 WL 4769006, at *4 (S.D. 

Ohio Oct. 23, 2017) (quoting Foreman v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:10-CV-1008, 2012 WL 

1106257, at *4 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 31, 2012)); see also Mullen v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 535, 545 (6th 

Cir. 1986) (“The substantial-evidence standard allows considerable latitude to administrative 

decision makers. It presupposes that there is a zone of choice within which the decisionmakers 

can go either way, without interference by the courts.”) (quoting Baker v. Case, 730 F.2d 1147, 

1150 (8th Cir. 1984)). 

Accordingly, the Court finds, as did the Magistrate Judge, that the ALJ properly 

considered the evidence and concluded that no assistive device was medically necessary. The 

Court concludes that substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision denying benefits, and the 

Court OVERRULES Plaintiff’s Objection. 
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IV. CONCLUSION

 Based upon the foregoing, and pursuant to Rule 72(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil 

Procedure, after a de novo determination of the record, this Court concludes that Plaintiff’s 

objection to the Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge is without merit. The 

Court, therefore, OVERRULES Plaintiff’s Objection (ECF No. 13), ADOPTS the Magistrate 

Judge’s Report and Recommendation (ECF No. 12), and AFFIRMS the Commissioner’s 

decision. The Clerk is DIRECTED to ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with this Order and 

terminate this case from the docket records of the United States District Court for the Southern 

District of Ohio, Eastern Division. 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

 /s/ Sarah D. Morrison 

 SARAH D. MORRISON 

 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE