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# OAR Box 1147 Prepped byOllie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 214 ) IV-E-88 Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 4/22/2008 2:42:58 PM

Sheet 214 of 242P. 2

rf* 0 ST *»r. £%\ UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y 

# i5S S
FE B 

### I 5 198

9
MEMORANDU

M AN N ARBOR

. MICHIGA N 4810 5 •s^°c*?SF •A: P^ 0 ,c*

*

SUBJECT :

FROM : TO : .-*.\\'\ V a W . ^ ^ OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N

fmCy'- '",,-••; •':'• Observatio n o f Stag e 'TiRefueling Event s a t Shel l Servic e Station , Be l Air , Californi a Joh n W . Mueller , Mechanica l Enginee r Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Bran e Docke t A-87-1 1
On Marc h8 an

d 9 , 1988 , Caroly n Davi d an

d I visite d the Be l Ai r Shel l servic e statio n a t the corne r o f Sepulveda Boulevard an

d Morag a Road in Be l Air , Californi a t o observe the in-us e operatio n o f fue l dispensing system s equippe d wit hStag e I I refueling contro l hardware . Mr . Carro l Hansen , statio n owner , wa s presen t t o showu s the facilitie s an d equipmen t an

d answe r an

yquestion s we had . During our visi t we observe d man y refueling event s i n an effor t t o understand an ycorrelatio n betwee n custome r usag e o f Stag e I I equipmen t an d the efficiency o f the equipmen t a t controlling refueling-relate d emissions
. Thi s Shel l statio n i s locate d a t a moderatel ybus y intersectio n northwes t o f downtow n Lo s Angele s where , according t o Mr . Hansen , mos t o f th e clientel e ar e repea t customers . The statio n i s ope n dail yfro m7A Mt o 10PMan

d ha s a monthl y throughpu t o f 130,00 0 gallons . Ther e ar e two grade s o f unleade d gasolin e (regula r - 8 7 octane , supe r - 9 2 octane ) an d on e grad e o f leaded gasolin e (8 8 octane ) offere d a t eacho f two full-serv e an

d two self-serv e multi-produc t dispenser s (MPD) . The thre e undergroun d storag e tank s eac hhave thei r ow n ven t pip e wit hn o ven t cap s i n place . Stag e I I equipmen t wa s installe d a t thi s statio n whe n firs t require d b

ythe Californi a Ai r Resourc e Board an d ha d thu s bee n i n plac e fo r approximatel yten year s a t th e tim e o f thi s survey . EachMP D ha s 6 EMCO-Wheato n 300 0 serie s nozzle s fo r a tota l o f 2 4 nozzles . Althoughthe 300 0 serie s nozzl e i sP. 3
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no t EMCO-Wheaton' s mos t recen t design i t i s nonetheles s currentl ymanufacture d an d i n widesprea d us e i n Californi a an d Washington , D.C . . Al l o f th e nozzle s hav e a sheat ho f tea r resistan t materia l affixe d t o th e bellows/nozzl e bod yinterfac e whic hcover s roughl yhal f o f th e nozzl e bellow s (phot o 1) . Mr . Hanse n explaine d tha t thi s i s t o protec t th e bellow s frombein g tor n o r puncture d b yth e licens e plat e shee t meta l mountin g screw s o n rear-fil l vehicles , a problem h e sai d wa s very frequen t befor e taking thi s precaution
. Al l nozzle s ar e connecte d t o th e MPD s througha coaxia l hose/high-han g hos e retracto r configuratio n (phot o 2) . Bot hth e older , heavie r coaxia l hos e an

d th e newe r lightweigh t corrugate d coaxia l hos e wer e being use d a t th e time o f thi s survey . Eac hMP D ha s bot hstandar d operating instruction s (phot o 3 ) an d operating instruction s fo r th e Stag e I I equipmen t clearl ydisplaye d (phot o 4) . Th e Stag e I I instruction s includ e th e statemen t "do no t to p off " a s wel l a s instruction s t o wai t thre e second s befor e removing th e nozzl e fromth e fille r neck . Additionally , eac hnozzl e ha s a warning printe d o n th e rubbe r scuff-guard (phot o 5) . Thi s include d a warnin g agains t toppin g off , a statemen t t o wai t "several " second s befor e removing th e nozzle , an

d a warnin g t o mak e sur e tha t th e vapo r retur n lin e i s no t blocke d i n an yway . Thi s warning wa s beginnin g t o ru b of f o n some o f th e olde r nozzles . O n th e firs t dayo f our visi t (March8 , 1988 ) w e observe d self-serv e p"amp

s 6 an

d 8 wit hspecia l attentio n t o th e interactio n betwee n th e customer s an d th e Stag e I I equipment
. W e recorde d th e time o f eac hrefueling even t a s wel l a s th e sex o f th e customer , typ e an d amoun t o f fue l dispensed , th e numbe r o f topoffs , dripping o r spillage , an d an yothe r comments . O n th e secon

d dayw e observe d al l four self-serv e pump s an d gathere d th e same informatio n a s th e firs t day . I n addition , afte r eac hrefueling even t w e draine d an yfue l fromth e nozzl e spou t an

d bellow s int o a graduate d cylinde r i n an effor t t o learn mor e abou t th e effec t o f th e Stag e I I equipmen t o n spillage
. Th e dat a recorde d fo r al l refueling event s observe d i s include d a s Attachmen t II . During th e observation s w e trie d t o remai n a s inconspicuou s a s possibl e i n orde r t o kee p frominfluencing th e behavio r o f th e customers . Thi s sometime s mad e i t difficul t t o observ e everyeven t du e t o th e variet yo f vehicle s fuele d an d th e customers ' position s relativ e t o th e nozzle . Fo r thi s reaso n th e dat a o n some refueling event s i s incomplete
. I n addition , a t time s th e statio n became verybus yan d a s a resul t mor e refueling s too k plac e tha n w e wer e abl e t o record . Thus , our record o f refueling event s i s no t a complet e record o f th e event s taking plac e during our perio d o f observation , although th e numbe r o f event s no t recorde d i s small . I t shoul d b e noted , though , tha t o n th e secon d da ywhe n w e wer e measurin g th e volume o f fue l fro mth e nozzl e spou t an d bellows , th e spou t-3

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an d bellow s wer e draine d eve n following event s w e didn' t record . Th e purpos e o f thi s wa s t o assur e tha t th e spou t an d bellow s wer e empt ya t th e star t o f eac hrefueling event . Thus , al l o f th e volume s o f fue l recorde d ar e solel yattributabl e t o th e refueling event , wit hwhic hthe yar e listed
. Ove r th e tw o day s o f observatio n w e recorde d 10 9 refueling event s o f whic h7 6 wer e b ymen , 3 1 wer e bywomen , an d on e wa s unrecorded . W e wer e abl e t o record th e volum e o f fue l dispense d fo r 10 5 o f thos e events . Th e averag e volum e dispense d wa s 10. 3 gallons . O f th e 9 3 event s fo r whic htopof f informatio n wa s recorde d 5 1 customer s (5 5 percent ) toppe d of f a t leas t once . Th e averag e numbe r o f topoff s among thos e wh o di d topof f wa s five
. Ther e i s some uncertainty , however , i n th e topof f dat a fo r tw o reasons . First , ther e wer e a smal l numbe r o f event s i n whic h th e shutof f appeare d t o b e prematur e (base d o n a larg e amoun t o f fue l being delivere d following th e firs t shutoff) . Second , i t i s no t know

n ho wman

ycustomer s toppe d of f (i.e
. resume d flow ) i n orde r t o obtai n an eve n dolla r amoun t o n a less-than-ful l tank versu s th e numbe r wh o di d s o t o pu t mor e fue l i n an alread

yful l tank . W e wer e abl e t o se e 8 4 event s clearl yenought o discer n pre - an

d postfil l dripping an d spillage
. O f thos e event s some dripping o r spillag e occurre d durin g 3 2 event s (3 8 percent) . Almos t al l o f tha t wa s postfil l dripping (averaging abou t fiv e drop s pe r dripping event) , althoughfiv e event s ha d actua l spill s o r splashe s (4- 8 inche s i n diameter)
. Th e amoun t o f postfil l dripping wa s muc hmor e closel yrelate d t o ho wcarefu l th e custome r wa s wit hth e nozzl e tha n t o toppin g off . Action s suc ha s shaking th e nozzl e i n th e fillpip e befor e remova l an d holdin g th e nozzl e uprigh t whe n movin g i t t o th e dispense r greatl yreduce d th e likelihoo d o f postfil l drip
. Durin g th e secon

d dayw e recorde d 5 0 event s i n whic hw e draine d an

d measure d an

yfue l i n th e nozzl e bellow s an d spout . O f thos e 5 0 events , 4 1 ha d some volum e o f fue l retaine d i n th e nozzle . However , onl yduring eigh t o f thos e 4 1 event s wa s th e fue l containe d al l o r i n par t i n th e bellows . I n thos e instance s wher e fue l wa s capture d i n th e bellow s i t wa s generall ya t leas t a fe wmilliliter s an d i n mos t case s wa s associate d wit htopping off . Durin g our visi t w e mad e some othe r observation s whic h shoul d b e noted . First , two motorcycle s wer e refuele d durin g th e survey . I n bot hinstance s th e custome r manuall ycompresse d th e nozzl e bellow s i n orde r t o achiev e fue l flow . Second , durin g th e refueling o f on e lat e mode l vehicle , gasolin e vapor s wer e clearl yvisibl e escaping fro m th e fillneck/nozzl e interface
. Th e custome r seeme d t o b e familia r wit hth e equipmen t althoughh e manuall yhel d th e nozzl e i n rathe r tha nP. 5


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- latching i t wit hth e latc hring
. However , thi s shoul d no t hav e cause d an

yproblem s wit hth e nozzle/fillnec k seal . Finally , on e custome r i n a larg e commercia l vehicl e inserte d an d latche d the nozzle . H e the n starte d pumpin g an d se t th e leve r cli p t o continu e pumpin g whil e h e wen t int o th e statio n building
. Whe n the automati c shutof f wa s triggere d th e jerk o f th e mechanis m cause d th e nozzl e spou t t o becom e unlatched . Th e compresse d bellow s the n ejecte d th e nozzl e fro m th e fillpip e causing a smal l splas ho f fue l a s i t lande d o n th e ground . Althoughw e di d no t record th e exac t numbe r o f peopl e wh o engage d th e leve r clip , th e percentag e o f peopl e wh o di d wa s verysmall . On e fina l observatio n w e mad e wa s th e differenc e i n th e waythe customer s i n Californi a operate d th e equipmen t compare d t o the customer s i n Washington , D.C , whic hw e ha d observe d o n February1 6 an

d 17 , 1988 . Th e customer s i n Californi a appeare d muc hmor e comfortabl e wit hth e equipmen t an d onl yon e custome r had t o b e show

n ho wt o operat e th e equipment
. Thi s i s i n contras t t o Washington , D.C . wher e man ycustomer s appeare d unfamilia r wit hth e hardwar e an d ha d difficult yoperating i t befor e being instructe d b ystatio n personnel . On e reaso n fo r thi s differenc e mayb e th e fac t tha t th e D.C . statio n i s located veryclos e t o a non-Stag e I I area . Sinc e Stag e I I wa s installe d i n 198 1 i t i s unlikel ytha t thos e unfamilia r wit hth e hardwar e wer e regula r customers . Additionally , th e customer s i n Californi a toppe d of f mor e frequentl ytha n th e D.C . customer s (5 5 vs . 3 5 percen t o f events) . However , th e averag e numbe r o f topoff s fo r thos e wh o di d topof f wa s approximatel y th e same a t bot hstations
. Attachment sP. 6


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Attachmen t I Photo s o f Stag e I I Equipmen t Be l Ai r Shel l Station *

Th e origina l se t o f photo s i s i n Docke t A-87-11 , Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branch , 256 5 Plymout hRd. , An n Arbor , MI , 48105 .

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Phot o l . Mozzl e wit hprotectiv e sheat hP. 8


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Phot o 2 . Multi-produc t Dispenser sP. 9
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Phot o 3 . MP D Standar d Operatin g Instruction sP.1 0


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Phot o 4 . MP D Stag e I I Operatin g Instruction sP.1 1
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Phot o 5 . stag e I I Nozzl e Operatin g Instruct ! on sP.1 2
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Attachmen t I I Recor d o f Refueling Event sRefueling Observation s a t Pum p 6 Shel l Station , Be l Air , CA Tuesday , Marc h8 , 198 8 Time (PM ) 3:0 0 0 5 0 8 1 2 1 4 3:2 0 3:2 2 3:2 5 3:4 5 3:5 9 4:1 7 4:3 0 4:3 3
4 : 4 : 5 : 5 : 5 : 5 : :3 9 :4 3 0 4 0 7 1 5 2 1 5:2 3 5:2 7
5:3 8 5:4 6 Sex

M M M F F F M M F M M M M

F M M M M F M F Fuel * Re g S U RU Re g RU Re g S U RU R U Re g S U RU RU
S U R U Re g Re g R U RU S U S U

M F S U R U Gallon s

13.4 3 17.9 5 8.7 5 1.2 2 4.6 6 8.5 5 0.9 7 19.5 6 9.3 1 2.8 1 9.8 6 3.5 0 8.1 5
4.9 1 16.1 5 3.6 6 12.5 8 7.2 6 3.4 9 14.8 8 12.5 2
13.7 1 11.6 4 Topoff s

1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 Drips* *

0 0 0 2-3 d lO d lO d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 4-5 " 0 0 0 lOd 0 6 " Comment s

Hel d nozzl e i n - escaping vapor s visibl e Carefu l wit hnozzl e Carefu l wit hnozzl e Carefu l wit hnozzl e Remove d spou t veryquickl y Carefu l Troubl e getting nozzl e latche d i n fillpip e

Rear-fill , use d nozzl e t o hol d ope n licens e plat e during fillcap removal/replacemen t N 3 I Prefil l diamete r spil l o f 4- 5 inche s

1 0 3 d

0 Troubl e inserting nozzl e -

attendan t helped , postfil l spil l o f 6 inc hdiamete r Statio n attendan t pumpe d

* * Fuel : Re g = regula r leade d (8 8 octane , $0.81 9 )

R U= regula r unleade d (8 7 octane , $0.85 9 ) S U= supe r unleade d (9 2 octane , $1.01 9 ) d = drops , i n mos t case s numbe r o f drop s wa s estimate d

T J C OTuesday , Marc h8 , 198 8 Refueling Observation s a t Pum p 8 Shel l Station , Be l Air , C A

Time (PM ) 2:5 3 2:5 6 3:0 0 3:0 4 3:0 9 3:1 3 3:1 8 3:2 2 3:4 2 3:4 8 3:5 4 4:0 5 4:0 7 4:1 2 4:2 0 4:2 5 4:2 9 4:3 5 4:4 1 5:0 5 5:0 8 5:1 3 5:2 0 5:2 5 5:3 1 5:3 3 5:4 0 5:4 3 5:4 5 5:5 0 Se x

M M M M F F M M M M M F M M F F M F M M M F F M M F M F M M Fuel *

Re g RU R U S U RU RU RU Re g RU Re g RU Re g S U RU S U S U R U RU RU RU RU RU S U S U RU RU RU R U RU R U Gallon s

3.3 4 13.4 8 7.2 7 8.4 5 9.3 1 8.7 3 2.3 3 13.1 7 19.5 0 20.5 7 5.8 4 3.6 6 14.5 4 29.1 0 11.7 7 13.0 5 7.6 8 12.0 2 15.5 4 11.9 1 20.6 8 12.1 3 12.8 6 2.4 6 5.8 2 8.1 5 5.8 2 8.1 5 16.4 7 8.1 5 Topoff s Drips* * Comment s

2 2 7 4 1 4 1 3 1 1 2
0 3 0

5- 6 7 9 0 2 0 3 2 0 2 0 0 0 l d

3 d 0 0 0 0 2 d dribbl e 0 1 0 7-8 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 d
2 d 0 4 d Motorcycl e

Carefu l t o avoi d spillag e Carefu l t o avoi d spillag e Apparen t prematur e shutof f Hel d nozzl e i n

Hel d nozzl e i n - apparen t prematur e shutoff s
Use d fille r cap t o hol d nozzl e leve r up Als o some spille d o n sid e o f vehicl e Difficult yinserting nozzl e I

Motorcycl e

5 d

* Fue l type : Re g = regula r leade d (8 8 octane , $0.81 9 )

RU= regula r unleade d (8 7 octane , $0.85 9 ) S U= supe r unleade d (9 2 octane , $1.01 9 ) * * d = drops , i n mos t case s numbe r o f droo s wa s estimafpH-14 -

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