III 

116TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 762 

Recognizing the disproportionate impact of COVID–19 on women and girls 

globally. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 26 (legislative day, OCTOBER 19), 2020 

Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mrs. MURRAY) submitted the following 

resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the disproportionate impact of COVID–19 on 

women and girls globally. 

Whereas the COVID–19 crisis exacerbates existing 

vulnerabilities for women and girls and has an outsized 

effect on health, safety, and livelihoods for marginalized 

communities; 

Whereas it is estimated that the disruption of sexual and reproductive health care services and supply chains caused 

by the COVID–19 crisis caused an estimated 49,000,000 

women to stop using contraceptives between April and 

October 2020, likely resulting in approximately 7,000,000 

unintended pregnancies, 1,700,000 major obstetric complications, 28,000 maternal deaths, 168,000 newborn 

deaths, and 3,300,000 unsafe abortions; 


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Whereas lockdowns, quarantines, and other movement restrictions related to COVID–19 have disrupted access to legal 

and social services, as well as access to counseling, safe 

shelters, and medical treatment, exacerbating 

vulnerabilities for women and girls; 

Whereas gender-based violence such as domestic violence, 

child marriage, and female genital mutilation has increased, and is expected to continue to increase, as a result of the COVID–19 crisis, including— 

(1) an estimated 31,000,000 more gender-based violence cases between April and October 2020; 

(2) an additional 13,000,000 child marriages by 

2030; and 

(3) an increase of approximately 2,000,000 cases of 

female genital mutilation between 2020 and 2030; 

Whereas women play significant roles in the health care 

workforce, comprising 70 percent of health care workers 

globally, yet often are not prioritized for the receipt of 

personal protective equipment, disproportionately exposing them to contracting COVID–19; 

Whereas women and girls perform 3 times the amount of unpaid care work in homes and in their communities as 

men, a burden that has increased during the COVID–19 

crisis as women and girls are disproportionately responsible for caring for sick and elderly family and community members and children who are out of school, limiting 

the ability of women and girls to perform income-generating work, pursue education or skills building, or avoid 

exposure to COVID–19; 

Whereas, globally, women living in poverty will endure specific economic effects as a result of the COVID–19 crisis, 

largely due to the overrepresentation of those women in 


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the informal economy, the increase in their unpaid care 

burdens, and the particular hardships facing female entrepreneurs, such as— 

(1) loss of jobs or pressure to turn to exploitative 

work, as women workers dominate in industries most affected by layoffs caused by the COVID–19 crisis, including hospitality, childcare, and tourism, and comprise 92 

percent of individuals in the informal sector, which lacks 

social and legal protections in most countries; 

(2) loss of business, as market closures, disruptions 

in global trading, and the collapse of supply chains have 

disproportionate effects on female-led businesses and female farmers, and enduring gaps in financial inclusion 

will have significant ramifications as women entrepreneurs continue to be considered high risk for bank 

services, formal loans, and credit; 

(3) financial insecurity, as women have much lower, 

if any, pensions, retirement savings, or other assets to 

mitigate shocks as compared to men; and 

(4) loss of necessary income that female-headed 

households depend on, such as remittances, which the 

World Bank expects will decrease by nearly 20 percent in 

2020; 

Whereas the COVID–19 crisis will uniquely affect women in 

agriculture, who provide more than 43 percent of the agricultural labor around the world and more than 60 percent of such labor in Africa yet whose ability to harvest, 

sell, and buy food and other products necessary for their 

food security and nutrition will worsen due to travel restrictions related to the crisis, ongoing discrimination in 

access to agricultural inputs and markets, and wage gaps 

and disproportionate unpaid care burdens for female 

farmers; 


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Whereas food insecurity will have unique effects on the nutrition and health of women and girls, who already comprise 

60 percent of individuals experiencing hunger in the 

world, often rely on getting at least 1 nutritious meal 

each day from feeding programs at schools that may be 

shut down due to the COVID–19 crisis, and face shortages in nutritious food and nutrients given social norms 

that dictate that women and girls eat last and least when 

food is scarce; 

Whereas girls, particularly adolescent girls, will be especially 

affected by the closures of schools resulting from the 

COVID–19 crisis, and it estimated that, as of March 

2020, nearly 743,000,000 girls, not including the approximately 132,000,000 girls who were already out of 

school before the onset of the crisis, are out of school due 

to such closures; 

Whereas closures of schools due to the COVID–19 crisis will 

decrease the ability of girls to access education and skills 

building, increase the exposure of girls to gender-based 

violence, such as child marriage, exacerbate the vulnerability of girls to early pregnancy and childbirth-related 

complications, and impede access of girls to information 

about the prevention of COVID–19, protection services, 

and pathways to report abuse; 

Whereas the COVID–19 crisis will place particular burdens 

on women and girls in humanitarian emergencies given 

challenges including overcrowded conditions, restrictions 

on travel and movement, already strained health, hygiene, 

and sanitation infrastructure, food shortages and malnutrition, already heightened exposure to gender-based 

violence, systematic and targeted attacks on health infrastructure and aid workers by parties to conflicts, 


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politicization of aid and service delivery, and restricted 

humanitarian access, all of which exacerbates the spread 

and effect of infectious diseases; 

Whereas the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 

(UNODC), the International Organization for Migration 

(IOM), and the Department of State have expressed concern about an increase in human trafficking and smuggling as traffickers take advantage of increased 

vulnerabilities and chaos during the COVID–19 crisis; 

Whereas the diversion of resources and services away from 

existing primary health care needs to address the 

COVID–19 crisis and contain the spread of COVID–19 

will have particular effects on women and girls, including 

disruptions in the provision of life-saving health services 

unrelated to COVID–19, such as maternal health care 

and sexual and reproductive health services, and the loss 

of critical services and support to respond to genderbased violence; 

Whereas the COVID–19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan 

coordinated by the United Nations is only 17 percent 

funded, leaving significant gaps in the response to immediate health and non-health needs of women and girls 

and other vulnerable populations, and ongoing humanitarian response plans, identified as a top priority by the 

United Nations given that people targeted in those plans 

will be the most affected by the direct and indirect effects 

of the COVID–19 crisis, remain only 17.3 percent funded; 

Whereas estimates show that, globally, women are included in 

only 24 percent of national response plans for the 

COVID–19 crisis, and women and girls have been largely 

excluded from leadership and decision making related to 


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responses to the crisis, resulting in response measures 

that may not fully account for how COVID–19 affects 

women and girls; and 

Whereas humanitarian exemptions to sanctions and counterterrorism measures are vital for ensuring states and principled humanitarian actors are able to reach vulnerable 

women and girls with efficient, needs-based assistance, 

including COVID–19 response activities consistent with 

obligations under international humanitarian law, regardless of the location of those women and girls: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) reaffirms the critical importance of gender 

3 balance and inclusivity in bodies responsible for co4 ordination and decision making related to the 

5 COVID–19 crisis, including in structures and task 

6 forces of the United States Government charged 

7 with developing policies and responses to the crisis; 

8 (2) promotes integrating a gender lens through9 out the response to the COVID–19 crisis by ana10 lyzing and tracking the effect of and response to the 

11 crisis on gender, including gathering evidence from 

12 data that is disaggregated by gender, age, and other 

13 specific variables; 

14 (3) supports measures to ensure that life-saving 

15 health services including sexual and reproductive 

16 health and gender-based violence prevention and re17 sponse are well resourced and supported, including 


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1 within the COVID–19 Global Humanitarian Re2 sponse Plan coordinated by the United Nations, and 

3 that funding earmarked for those services is not re4 duced, canceled, or diverted to other COVID–19 re5 sponse activities; 

6 (4) supports measures to ensure the continu7 ation of adequate food and nutrition security for 

8 women and girls around the world affected by 

9 COVID–19, including women smallholder farmers 

10 and other women working in agriculture, in light of 

11 the unique challenges described in the preamble of 

12 this resolution; 

13 (5) reinforces the need to ensure that short14 term relief programming and longer-term economic 

15 strategies address the specific effects of COVID–19 

16 on women globally, especially lower income, migrant, 

17 displaced, and other marginalized women; 

18 (6) urges the executive branch to uphold the 

19 rights of crisis-affected and forcibly displaced popu20 lations, including women and girls, further affected 

21 by COVID–19, by promoting compliance with inter22 national humanitarian and human rights legal obli23 gations and engaging parties to conflicts to ensure 

24 unhindered access to health care, medical supplies, 

25 and other vital aid and protection; 


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1 (7) supports robust funding contributions by 

2 the United States for the international response to 

3 the COVID–19 crisis in addition to further funding 

4 for ongoing humanitarian appeals in support of vul5 nerable women and girls affected by COVID–19 and 

6 underlying emergencies; and 

7 (8) commits to continuously assess and elimi8 nate any impediment to the delivery of and access 

9 to humanitarian assistance. 

Æ 


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