TIZAZU AREGA,

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

EASTERN DIVISION

CASE NO. 2:18-CV-562

Petitioner, Judge Michael H. Watson

Magistrate Judge Elizabeth P. Deavers

V.

IMMIGRATION JUDGE

D. WILLIAM EVANS, et al.,

Respondents.

OPINION AND ORDER

Petitioner, a citizen of Ethiopia who later adjusted his status to that of a

lawful permanent resident of the United States, filed this action under the All

Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651. EOF Nos. 1-4, 9. Petitioner asks this Court to

issue a writ of prohibition and mandamus that would prevent Respondents from

enforcing a deportation order, terminate deportation proceedings, and restore

Petitioner's status as a permanent resident. See id. Petitioner also sought and

received leave to proceed with this action in forma pauperis. EOF Nos. 1,4,10.

Magistrate Judge Deavers conducted an initial screen pursuant to 28

U.S.C. § 1915 and § 1915A and Issued a Report and Recommendation ("R&R")

recommending that this action be dismissed because the Court lacks subjectmatter jurisdiction over Petitioner's claims. ECF No. 13. Magistrate Judge
Deavers concluded that the REAL ID Act of 2005, 8 U.S.C. § 1252 deprives

district courts ofsubject-matter jurisdiction to review orders of removal.^ Id.

The R&R was issued pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 72(b)(2),

which provides that "[wjithin 14 days after being served with a copy of the

recommended disposition, a party may serve and file specific written objections

to the proposed findings and recommendations." Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(2). "The

district judge must determine de novo any part of the magistrate judge's

disposition that has been properly objected to. The district judge may accept,

reject, or modify the recommended disposition; receive further evidence; or

return the matter to the magistrate judge with instructions." Fed. R. Civ. P.

72(b)(3).

Petitioner has filed timely objections. ECF No. 14. Petitioner first objects

that he is not asking this Court to review a deportation order but is instead

challenging Respondent Immigration Judge D. William Evans' ("IJ's") ability to

issue a second removability determination after an additional charge was brought

against him in the removability proceedings.

As described in the R&R, Respondent Department of Homeland Security

("DHS") initially charged Petitioner in File Number A055-037-019 with

removability under the Immigration and Nationality Act ("INA") § 237(a)(2)(A)(iii)

** The Court notes that although Petitioner's pro se filings refer to deportation orders and

proceedings, e.g., ECF No. 1-4, at PAGEID #12, the exhibits submitted by Petitioner

refer to removability orders and proceedings, e.g., ECF No. 1-5, at PAGEID# 30.

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for having been convicted of an aggravated feiony as defined in INA

§ 101(a)(43)(A)(i.e., murder, rape, or sexuai abuse of a minor). ECF No. 1-5, at

PAGEID # 30. On March 14, 2016, the IJ issued a memorandum and order

concluding that Petitioner's conviction for rape under Ohio Revised Code

§ 2907.02(A)(2)2 did not constitute an aggravated felony under INA

§ 101(a)(43)(A) and, thus, that Petitioner was not removable. Id., at PAGEID

## 30-33. In that same order, the IJ also directed DHS to file any additional

charges by April 1, 2016, or the case would be terminated. Id., at PAGE ID

## 32-33. On March 21, 2016, DHS brought an additional charge in the same

File Number and asserted that Petitioner had been convicted of an aggravated

felony under INA § 101(a)(43)(F) (i.e., a crime of violence (as defined in section

16 of title 18, but not including a purely political offense)^ for which the term of

imprisonment is at least one year). ECF No. 1-6, at PAGEID # 34. In a second

removability determination, the IJ concluded that Petitioner's conviction for rape

2Section 2907.02(A)(2) provides that "[n]o person shall engage in sexuai conduct with

another when the offender purposely compels the person to submit by force or threat of

force." Sexual conduct is elsewhere defined to include "vaginal intercourse between a

male and a female." Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2907.01(A). In addition, under Ohio law,

"penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete vaginal... intercourse." Id.

^Title 18 U.S.G. § 16(a) defines a crime of violence as "an offense that has as an

element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person

or the property of another." As previously noted, supra note 2, O.R.C. § 2907.02(A)(2)

includes the element of force or threat of force.

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constituted an aggravated felony as defined in INA § 101(a)(43)(F) and that

Petitioner was therefore removable. Id. at PAGEID # 35.

Petitioner contends that DHS did not have the authority to bring the

additional charge and that the IJ lacked authority to issue a second removability

determination based on the additional charge. ECF No, 14, at PAGEID # 163.

As a preliminary matter, however, 8 C.F.R. § 1003.30 provides that "[a]t any time

during deportation or removal proceedings, additional or substituted charges of

deportability and/or factual allegations may be lodged by the Service in writing."

The exhibits that Petitioner has submitted clearly demonstrate that the additional

charge was brought during the same proceedings—File Number A055-037-019.

ECF Nos. 1-6, at PAGEID ## 34-35. Charges are explicitly permitted by

regulation to be added or substituted in this manner.

Moreover, the Court is not convinced that this constitutes a claim over

which this Court can exercise subject-matter jurisdiction. As Magistrate Judge

Deavers explained. Congress has divested district courts of subject-matter

jurisdiction to review orders of removal. ECF No. 13. Instead, the United States

Courts of Appeals have exclusive jurisdiction to review orders of removal:

Notwithstanding any other provision of law (statutory or nonstatutory),

including section 2241 of Title 28, or any other habeas corpus

provision, and sections 1361 and 1651 of such title, a petition for

review filed with an appropriate court of appeals in accordance with

this section shall be the sole and exclusive means for judicial review

of an order of removal entered or issued under any provision of this

Act

Case No. 2:18-cv-562 Page 4 of 7
8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5). In addition, another section of the REALiD Act contains

an even broader jurisdictionai iimitation:

Judicial review of ail questions of law and fact, including interpretation

and application of constitutional and statutory provisions, arising from

any action taken or proceeding brought to remove an alien from the

United States under this subchapter shall be available only in judicial

review of a final order under this section. Except as othenA/ise

provided in this section, no court shall have jurisdiction, by habeas

corpus under section 2241 of Title 28 or any other habeas corpus

provision, by section 1361 or 1651 of such title, or by any other

provision of law (statutory or nonstatutory), to review such an order or

such questions of law or fact.

8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(9). "By its terms, [this] provision aims to consolidate 'all

questions of law and fact' that 'arise from' either an 'action' or a 'proceeding'

brought in connection with the removal of an alien." Hamdi ex rel. Hamdi v.

Napolitano, 620 F.Sd 615, 626 (6th Cir. 2010) (citing Agullarv. U.S. Immigration

&Customs Enft Div. ofthe Dep't ofHomeland Sec., 510 F.Sd 1,9 (1st Cir.

2007)). Thus, "§ 1252(b)(9) 'is a judicial channeling provision,"' which funnels all

questions of law and fact arising from removal proceedings into the appropriate

Court of Appeals, while § 1252(g) is "a claim-barring one." Id. (quoting Agullar,

510 F.Sd at 11).

In this case, the question of whether DHS had the power to bring an

additional charge constitutes a question of law or fact that arises from Petitioner's

removal proceedings. As a result, and as Magistrate Judge Deavers explained,

this Court does not possess subject matter jurisdiction to hear it. Petitioner's only

recourse Is to exhaust his administrative remedies, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1), and

Case No. 2:18-cv-562 Page 5 of 7
then file a petition for review in the appropriate Court of Appeals. 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(5). Petitioner's first objection is thus without merit.

Petitioner also objects that the R&R's conclusion that the REAL ID Act

deprives this Court of subject-matterjurisdiction is contrary to this Court's

decision in Anjum v. Hansen, 2:06-cv-00319,2007 WL 983215 (S.D. Ohio,

March 28, 2007). ECF No. 14, at PAGEID # 164. This objection is also without

merit. In Anjum, this Court allowed a mandamus action brought by a lawful

permanent resident to withstand a motion to dismiss where the defendant United

States Citizen and Immigration Service had failed to provide the resident with a

naturalization interview despite being statutorily required to do so within ninety

days of his having submitted an i-75 form. 2007 WL 983215, at *1, 3-4. Anjum

thus involved a plaintiff who sought an order requiring the defendants to timely

process his application to adjust his status from that of a lawful permanent

resident to that of a naturalized citizen. Id. Unlike this case, Anjum did not

involve removability proceedings or removability orders and, thus, the REAL ID

Act of 2005 was not implicated. Anjum is thus factually and legally

distinguishable from this matter.

Accordingly, for the reasons discussed herein, the Court OVERRULES

Petitioner's objections. The R&R is ADOPTED and AFFIRMED, and the case is

DISMISSED. The clerk is directed to issue a final judgment and terminate the

case. The Court further CERTIFIES that pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate

Case No. 2:18-cv-562 Page 6 of 7
Procedure 24(a)(3)(A), Petitioner does not have a good faith basis for appeaiing

this Court's deterrnination that the REAL iD Act of 2005 deprives it of jurisdiction

over Petitioner's claims and that any appeal would not be taken in good faith.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Case No. 2:18-cv-562

MICHAEL H. WATSON, JUDGE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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