SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

853 

CA 15-02085 

PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., CENTRA, NEMOYER, TROUTMAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ. 

 

PATRICIA FARRAUTO AND JOSEPH A. FARRAUTO, AS 

VOLUNTARY ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ESTATE OF JOSEPH 

FARRAUTO, DECEASED, PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS,

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

THE BON-TON DEPARTMENT STORES, INC., 

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

OSBORN, REED & BURKE, LLP, ROCHESTER (AIMEE LAFEVER KOCH OF COUNSEL),

FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

BERGEN & SCHIFFMACHER, LLP, BUFFALO (TODD M. SCHIFFMACHER OF COUNSEL),

FOR PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS. 

 

Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Erie County (Timothy

J. Drury, J.), entered October 14, 2015. The order denied the motion

of defendant for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. 

It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is

unanimously affirmed without costs. 

Memorandum: In this personal injury action, plaintiffs seek

damages for injuries allegedly sustained by Patricia Farrauto

(plaintiff) when she tripped and fell while working for a fragrance

company in a department store operated by defendant. Supreme Court

denied defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the

complaint, and defendant appeals. We affirm.

Defendant contends that it is entitled to summary judgment

because plaintiff cannot identify the cause of her fall without

engaging in speculation (see Smart v Zambito, 85 AD3d 1721, 1721). 

Even assuming, arguendo, that this contention was advanced in

defendant’s initial motion papers and thus that it is properly before

us (cf. Ozog v Western N.Y. Motocross Assn., 100 AD3d 1393, 1394), we

conclude that defendant did not meet its burden of establishing its

entitlement to summary judgment on that ground (see Mandzyk v Manor

Lanes, 138 AD3d 1463, 1464; Lane v Texas Roadhouse Holdings, LLC, 96

AD3d 1364, 1364-1365). Defendant submitted excerpts of plaintiff’s

deposition testimony in which she described the gift box over which

she allegedly tripped, and her testimony is sufficient to enable a

jury to determine that the gift box was the cause of her fall without

resorting to speculation (see Paternostro v Advance Sanitation, Inc.,

126 AD3d 1376, 1377; Signorelli v Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co., Inc., 70
-2- 853 

CA 15-02085 

AD3d 439, 440; see also Dixon v Superior Discounts & Custom Muffler,

118 AD3d 1487, 1488).

We also reject defendant’s contention that it is entitled to

summary judgment on the ground that it neither created nor had actual

or constructive notice of the allegedly dangerous condition (see

generally King v Sam’s E., Inc., 81 AD3d 1414, 1414-1415). 

Defendant’s submissions were insufficient to establish as a matter of

law that its employees did not create the allegedly dangerous

condition by placing the gift box on the floor (see Guilfoyle v

Parkash, 123 AD3d 1088, 1089; Hagin v Sears, Roebuck & Co., 61 AD3d

1264, 1265-1266; Frank v Price Chopper Operating Co., 275 AD2d 940,

941), and defendant therefore also failed to establish that it did not

have actual notice of the gift box on the floor prior to plaintiff’s

fall (see McDonell v Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 133 AD3d 1350, 1351; see

generally Walsh v Super Value, Inc., 76 AD3d 371, 375-376).

With respect to constructive notice, we conclude that defendant

“failed to meet [its] burden of establishing that the allegedly

dangerous condition was not visible and apparent for a sufficient

length of time prior to the accident to permit [defendant], in the

exercise of reasonable care, to discover and remedy it” (Mikolajczyk v

Morgan Contrs., 273 AD2d 864, 865; see generally Gordon v American

Museum of Natural History, 67 NY2d 836, 837-838). While defendant

submitted evidence that its employees were generally expected to

identify and remedy tripping hazards, it did not submit any evidence

establishing when the area of plaintiff’s fall was last inspected (see

Navetta v Onondaga Galleries LLC, 106 AD3d 1468, 1470; Webb v

Salvation Army, 83 AD3d 1453, 1454); that reasonable care did not

require any such inspection (cf. Pommerenck v Nason, 79 AD3d 1716,

1717-1718; see generally Catalano v Tanner, 23 NY3d 976, 977); or that

the gift box would not have been visible had the area been inspected

(see O’Bryan v Tonawanda Hous. Auth., 140 AD3d 1702, 1703; cf. Quinn v

Holiday Health & Fitness Ctrs. of N.Y., Inc., 15 AD3d 857, 857-858). 

Plaintiff’s testimony that she did not see the gift box before she

tripped “does not establish [defendant’s] entitlement to judgment as a

matter of law on the issue whether the [gift box] was visible and

apparent” (Gwitt v Denny’s, Inc., 92 AD3d 1231, 1232; see Rivera v

Tops Mkts., LLC, 125 AD3d 1504, 1505).

Entered: October 7, 2016 Frances E. Cafarell

Clerk of the Court