# PECHAN

5528
- B Hempstead Way Springfield, VA 22151 703
- 813 - 6700 telephone 703
- 813 - 6729 facsimile
3622 Lyckan Parkway Suite 2002 Durham, NC 27707 919 - 493 - 3144 telephone 919 - 493 - 3182 facsimile

P.O. Box 1575 Shingle Springs, CA 95682 5 30 - 672
- 0441 telephone 530
- 672
- 0504 facsimile 

## P **ENNSYLVANIA** 

## 2002 **A REA**  

## S **OURCE** 

## C **RITERIA** 

## A **IR** 

## P **OLLUTANT** 

## E **MISSION** 

## E **STIMATION** 

## M **ETHODS**

Prepared for: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Air Quality P.O. Box 2357 Harrisburg, PA 1 7105
- 2357 Prepared by: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 3622 Lyckan Parkway Suite 2002 Durham, NC 27707 Contract No. SP3580003990 Work Order 9 February 2004 Pechan Rpt. No. 04.02.006/9420.109iii 

### CONTENTS **Page** AREA SOURCE DEFINITION ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 1 METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS ................................ .................. 1 Control Efficiency (CE) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 3 Rule Penetration (RP) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 3 Rule Effectiveness (RE) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 3 Seasonal Emission Calculations ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 3 Point Source Subtractions ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 5 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

– ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ................................ ................................ ................ 9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

– CROPS (Fertilizer Application) (14 SCCs) ................................ ...................... 9 ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE COATING (SCC 2401001000) ................................ ................................ ................ 9 ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 10 AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000) ................................ ................................ ................................ . 12 BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 13 BREWERIES (SCC 2302070001) ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 14 COAL COMBUSTION (6 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 16 COMMERCIAL AND CONSU MER SOLVENT USE (SCC 2465000000) ................................ .............................. 20 COMMERCIAL COOKING (5 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 21 COMPOSTING (3 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 22 DEGREASING (4 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 23 DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000370) ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 24 ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 25 ELECTRICAL INSULATION (SCC 2401065000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 26 FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 27 FOREST FIRES (SCC 2810001000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 27 FUEL OIL COMBUSTION (3 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 28 GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 32 GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 36 HIGH PERFORMANCE INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SOLVENT (SCC 2401100000) ................................ ... 36 KEROSENE (2 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 37 LANDFILLS (SCC 2620030000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 40 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000) ................................ ................................ ........................... 41 MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 42 METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 42 METAL FURN ITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401025000) ................................ ................................ ................... 43 MISCELLANEOUS FINISHED METAL (SCC 2401050000) ................................ ................................ .................. 44 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090 000) ................................ ................................ ................ 45 NATURAL GAS AND LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (4 SCCs) ................................ ............................... 45 OPEN BURNING (5 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 51 OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATING (SCC 2401200000) ................................ ................................ ................. 54 OTHER TRANSPORTATION (SCC 2401085000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 55 PESTICIDE APPLICATION (SCC 2461800000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 56 PORTABLE GASOLINE CONTAINERS (SCC 2501060300) ................................ ................................ .................. 56 REFRIGERANT LOSSES (SCC 2399010000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 58 PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (3 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ............................... 58 RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (7 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 60 SOLID WASTE INCINERATION (2 SCCs) ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 61 STRUCTURE FIRES (SCC 2810030000) ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 63 TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000) ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 64 WINERIES (SCC 2302070005) ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 65 WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401020000) ................................ ................................ .............. 66 APPENDIX A: REFERENCES ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 1iv [This page intentionally left blank.]1



### AREA SOURCE DEFINITION For emission inventory

development purposes, the term “area sources” traditionally refers to stationar y air pollutant emission sources that are not inventoried at the facility- level. While point sources are inventoried individually , area sources are ty pically inventoried at the county level ( Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development Volum e III: Chapter 1 ). 1 

### Gasoline stations and dry cleaning establishments are often treated as both point and area sources. The main reason they are not exclusively

treated as point sources is that the effort required to gather data and estimate emissions for each individual facility is very great, while emissions per facility

are generally

small. For these sources, a cut - off point, ty pically based on annual emissions, usually defines the distinction between point and area. The Consolidated Emissions Reporti ng Rule (CERR) specifies reporting criteria air pollutant (CAP) thresholds for point and area sources, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment status of a county (see http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/cerr/index.html ). In dividual emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. These source categories are grouped in such a way that they can be estimated collectively using one methodology . Most area sourc e categories do not have an analogue in the point source inventory . Pesticide use and commercial/consumer product use are such examples. The boundaries of the individual activities associated with these sources are often hard to determine or are, at best , arbitrary . Even within a point source facility , some activities occur that are more easily treated as area source emissions. Some emissions associated with surface coating operations such as equipment cleaning, for example, can be more practically esti mated using area source methods even though other surface coating operations may be reported as part of the point source inventory . **METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AREA SOURCE ACTIVITY AND EMISSIONS** Area source emissions are generally estimated by

multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator or collective activity for each area source category at the county

level. Several methodologies are available for estimating area source activity levels and emissions. For this 2002 area source inventory , estimates were derived by (1) treating area sources as point sources, (2) obtaining county - level activity data, (3) apportioning national or statewide activity data to counties, (4) use of per capita emission factors, and (5) use of per employee emission factors. Each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages as discussed below. Small sources that would normally be treated as area sources may be handled as point sources for several reasons. First, county level activity

data may not be readily

determinabl e for certain source categories. Municipal landfills provide an example of this situation. For some source categories, county activity estimates were available. For example, monthly wine production data for 2002 were available by county from the Pennsyl vania Liquor Control Board. I f county

activity data were not available, Commonwealth totals were apportioned to counties using data for a surrogate of the emissions activity . For example, the quantity of2



### highway gasoline consumed in the Commonwealth was apportioned to the county level on the basis of vehicle miles traveled per county . Residential, commercial, and industrial fuel combustion were other categories that were handled in this manner. The major drawbacks of this approach are that additional data and resources are needed to apportion activity levels to the local level, and accuracy

is lost in the process. I f Commonwealth level data were not available, then national data were used in a similar manner. Sources in certain area source categories w ere not only numerous and diffuse, but were too difficult to inventory

by any of the above procedures. As an example, solvent evaporation from consumer and commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products and window cleaners cannot be routinely

determi ned by

DEP. In addition, it would be resource - intensive to develop and implement a survey

that would yield such information. Per capita or per employee emission factors are used to estimate emissions for these source categories. The use of per capita em ission factors is based on the assumption that, for a given source category , emission activity can be reasonably

associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad areas for certain categories such as Architectural Surface Coating and solvent evaporation from Consumer and Commercial Products. For categories that rely

on a per capita emission factor, county population estimates for 2002 were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. W hen emissions are calculated from per employ ee emission factors, county - level employ ment data for 2002 were estimated from a combination of two sources. Because county employ ment data for 2002 will not be available from the Bureau of the Census’ County Business Patterns (CBP) until April 2004, 2001 data for th e appropriate North American Industrial Classification Sy stem (NAI CS) codes were obtained from the 2001 CBP 2 

### and projected to 2002 using the Commonwealth - level 2001 to 2002 employ ment change for the appropriate NAI CS codes. The Commonwealth - level employ me nt data were obtained at the NAI CS code level from the U.S. Bureau of L abor Statistics. 3 

### Insome cases, the Census does not report the employ ment value for a parti cular NAI CS code/county

combination because of confidentiality concerns. In these cases, the Census provides employ

ment data as a range (e.g., between 20 and 99 employees) . When a precise number of employees was not available from C BP, an initial estimate was developed based on the mid - point of the reported range (e.g., 60 employees was used for the 20 to 99 employ ment range). For a given NAI CS code, the mid - point estimates were then adjusted up or down to yield the Commonwealth - lev el employ ment for that NAI CS code as reported in the CBP. The adjustments were computed by first calculating the difference between the Commonwealth - level CBP employ

ment and the total of the employ ment values for counties for which actual employ ment value s were reported in the CBP. The resulting value represents employ ment for the counties for which the CBP reports an employ ment range value. This value was then divided by the sum of the mid - point employ ment estimates for the counties for which employ ment was reported as a range. The resulting ratio was multiplied by the mid - point estimates to yield the final county

employ ment estimates. The calculation spreadsheets provide each of the steps used in this estimation procedure.3



### Control Efficiency (CE) Co ntrol efficiency

is the emission reduction percentage associated with a control device, process change or reformulation. Control efficiencies can vary widely by source within an area source category . Area source control efficiency values represent the we ighted average control for the category . **Rule Penetration (RP)** Because lower - emitting sources within a source category may not be covered by

a regulation, it is important to reflect the extent to which total source category emissions are affected. Rule penetration represents the percentage of total source category emissions that are affected by a regulation. **Rule Effectiveness (RE)** Rule effectiveness is a factor used to adjust the control efficiency to account for failures and uncertainties that affect the actual performance of the control. For example, control equipment performance may

be adversely

affected by

age of the equipment, lack of maintenance, or improper use. With the exception of Federal regulations, a default RE value of 80 percent was ap plied when information was not available to substantiate the true RE value. 1 

### An RE of 100 percent was applied to all Federal regulations that require national compliance. The RE factor is applied to the esti mated control efficiency in the calculation of emissions from a source. The formula for the application of CE, RP, and RE is displayed below: Uncontrolled Emissions = 50 pounds per day Control Efficiency = 90 percent Rule Penetration = 60 percent Rule Effectiveness = 80 percent Controlled Emissions = Uncontrolled Emissions × (1

– CE/100 × RP/100 × RE/100) Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.6 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.432) = 28.4 pounds per day An RE and/or RP value can substantially increase emissi on estimates when high control efficiencies are involved. For example, if RP was not applied in the above example (equivalent to a 100 percent RP assumption), then estimated emissions are: Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.72) = 1 4 pounds per day . **Seasonal Emission Calculations** Area source emissions are ty pically prepared first on an annual basis because activity data are generally only available on an annual basis. The recently promulgated Consolidated Emissions4



### Reporting Rule (CERR) requires States to submit county - level area source CAP emission inventories to EPA for three temporal periods: annual, summer season work weekday , and winter season work weekday (the latter for carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions only ) . Summer season work weekday emission inventories are needed to support planning for ozone NAAQS attainment. The summer season refers to the peak ozone season months of June, July , and August. Winter season work weekday emission inventories are used to support carbon monoxide (CO) NAAQS attainment planning. The winter season refers to January , February , and December of the same year (e.g., 2002). Seasonal emission estimates are calculated by adjusting the annual inventory to reflect activity during the summer and winter season. Summer work weekday and winter work weekday emissions are calculated by multiplying annual emissions by the appropriate allocation factor. For most source categories, summer and winter work weekday allocation factors were devel oped from default monthly

and weekly

profiles available from EPA’s Emissions Modeling ClearingHouse (EMCH). 4 

### The EMCH provides 807 different monthly profiles and 45 different weekly profiles. The first step in developing summer allocation factors was t o compute summer monthly ratios by dividing the sum of the June, July , and August monthly profile values by

the total of the twelve monthly profile values. Winter monthly ratios were calculated in a similar manner, except monthly profile values for Januar

y, February , and December were incorporated into the calculation. Weekday profile values were computed by dividing the sum of the Monday through Friday weekly profile values by

the total profile value for the entire week. Summer work weekday

allocation f

actors were calculated by multiplying the summer monthly ratios by the appropriate weekday ratio and then dividing the result by 65 (the number of work weekday s in the summer of 2002). In a like manner, winter work weekday allocation factors were computed by

multiplying winter monthly ratios by the appropriate weekday ratio and dividing by

65 (the number of work weekday s in the winter of 2002). These allocation factors were then matched to area source classification codes (SCCs) via a crosswalk between SC Cs and temporal profiles available from EPA’s EMCH. Annual emissions for each SCC/county

/pollutant combination were then multiplied by the appropriate summer work weekday

allocation factor to yield summer work weekday emissions. Winter work weekday emiss ions were calculated for categories emitting CO and/or PM. Similar to the summer calculations, annual CO and PM emissions were multiplied by the appropriate winter work weekday

allocation factor to yield winter work weekday emissions. For source categori es for which actual monthly /seasonal activity

data were available (e.g., Residential Natural Gas Combustion, Structure Fires, and Wineries), summer and winter season allocation factors were calculated from the available activity data. The following presents sample calculations performed to develop the summer work weekday allocation factor for Bakeries. The individual source category methodology

sections present the calculations performed to compute each category ’s seasonal emission estimates.5



### SAMPLE CALC ULATION OF SUMMER SEASON W ORK W EEKDAY ALLOCATION FACTOR: Bakeries (SCC 2302050000)

25 . 0 996 83 83 83 Values Profile Monthly of Total Value) Profile August Value Profile July Value Profile (June

    

  Ratio Season Summer

715 . 0 1000 143 143 143 143 143 

      Values

Weekly of Sum Values

Profile Friday through Monday of Sum Ratio Weekday



### Summer W

ork W eekday Allocation Factor = 0.25 × 0.715  65 = 0.00275 For source categories for which actual seasonal emi ssions activity data were available (e.g., Residential Natural Gas Combustion, Structure Fires, and Wineries), the summer and winter season allocation factors were developed from these activity data. **Point Source Subtractions** Source categories can appear in both the area source and point source inventory . For example, emissions from large dry

cleaning establishments may be included in the point source inventory , while emissions from smaller dry cleaners (below some specified cutoff) are included in the a rea source inventory . When a point source inventory and an area source inventory include emissions from the same process, the area source emission estimates are adjusted to avoid double - counting. Although many

area source categories (e.g., Architectural Surface Coating) do not have companion point source categories, there are many source categories in the area source inventory for which emissions are reported in the Pennsylvania point source inventory (see Table 1). For these source categories, point source emissions are subtracted from total emission estimates to yi eld area source emissions. I deally , this adjustment would occur in the area source emission calculation by

subtracting point source emission activity (throughput) from total emission activity as shown below. 

##     Activity Source Point Activity Total Activity Source Area


 

### However, the Pennsylvania point source inventory does not report throughput for most sources. Therefore, it was necessary to calculate the point source subtractions using total and point source emission estimates as identified below.6 

##     p p p Emissions Source Point Emissions Total Emissions Area


 

### where: p = pollutant Separate point source inventories were developed for Allegheny and Philadelphia counties and for all other counties. Except for ammonia and lead, the Allegheny inventory

reports annual emissions for all pollutants included in the area source inventory . These pollutants are also missing from the Philadelphia County annual inventory . Unlike the Allegheny inventory , the Philadelphia County

inventory

does not report PM emissions on a filt erable and condensable basis, but rather on a primary basis. The inventory

for the remaining counties reports annual emissions for the same pollutants as the Philadelphia County inventory , with the exception of primary PM 2.5 

### (PM25 - PRI ), which is not reported for the remaining counties. Given the different way s in which PM emissions are reported in the 2002 Pennsylvania point source inventory , it was necessary

to develop PM emissions on a consistent basis to facilitate the point source subtractions. There fore, for Allegheny County , Pechan summed the condensable and the filterable PM emissions to obtain PM10 - PRIand PM25 - PRIemission values for use in the point source subtractions. Although the point source inventories also report winter and summer day emi ssions, these estimates were not used in the point source subtractions. The annual emission estimates were used in the subtractions because it is not clear if every point source facility

that would have emissions during the summer/winter have these emissi ons reported in the inventory . For example, there are only

14 records with winter day NO x 

### emissions in the point source inventory , while there are over 4,000 records with annual NO x 

### emissions reported in the inventory . To facilitate the point source subtractions, the annual emission records for all point SCCs associated with an area source category were summed to the county level. Because PA DEP indicated that point source subtractions should be applied to the Machinery and Equipment Solvent Coating area source category by subtracting point source emission records associated with the combination of point SCCs 40202501, 40202502, and 40202599 and SI C code 3531, it was also necessary

to compile county

level annual emissions for these records. In addition, because these point SCCs are also associated with the Miscellaneous Finished Metals Surface Coating area source category , it was necessary to compile county - level annual emissions for all point source records with these SCCs that are not associated with SI C code 3531. The county - level point source annual emissions were then subtracted from the area source category annual emissions using an area source category - to - point source category crosswalk developed for this project. Note that in keeping with EI IP gu idance, when the resulting area source emission estimate was negative, the area source emission value was set to zero. I n addition, when the PM10 - PRIemission estimate resulted in a zero value, then the companion PM25 - PRIemission estimate was set to zero for consistency . In addition to setting PM25 - PRI emissions to zero when PM10 - PRIemissions were zero, we also set PM25 - PRIemissions to PM10 - PRIemissions when PM25 - PRIemissions were greater than PM10 - PRIemissions, after the point source subtractions w ere performed. Finally , the summer and winter season work7



### weekday emission estimates were updated by multiplying the revised annual emission estimate by the appropriate winter season and/or summer season work weekday allocation factors. The following pre sents sample point source NO x 

### emission subtraction calculations for the Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion category (SCC 2103002000). 

##    
    tons tons tons SCC for Emissions NOx Source Area ) (SCC tons . ) (SCC tons . Cnty Allegheny Emissions NOx Source Po year per tons Cnty Allegheny SCC for Emissions NOx Total Emissions NOx Po Emissions NOx Total SCC for Emissions NOx Source Area

9997 . 895 3028

. 158 3025 . 054 , 1 2103002000 10300208 2277 6 10300207 0751 152 ) ( int 3025 . 054 , 1 ) ( 2103002000 int 2103002000

       



### The following individual sections describe the annual and seasona l emission estimation methodology

for each area source category . Each section contains a brief description of the source category , identifies whether the category ’s emission estimates were subject to point source emission subtractions, and presents sample emission calculations (point source subtractions are not included in these sample calculations). All referenced sources are displayed in Appendix A.8 

### Table 1. A **rea Source Inventory Categories w**  **ith Point Source Emission Subtractions SCC**  **SCC1DESC SCC3DESC**  **SCC6DESC SCC8DESC**  2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types 2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types 2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types 2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types 2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Com mercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines 2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types 2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Ga s Total: Boilers and IC Engines 2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types 2302050000 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Bakery Products Total 230207 0001 Industrial Processes Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20 Fermentation/Beverages Breweries 2401015000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Factory Finished W ood: SIC 2426 thru 242 Total: All Solvent Types 2401020000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating W ood Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types 2401025000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Furniture: SIC 25 Total: All Solvent Types 2401040000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Cans: SIC 341 Total: All Solvent Types 2401050000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 + 3498) Total: All Solvent Types 2401055000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35 Total: All Solvent Types 2401060000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coat ing Large Appliances: SIC 363 Total: All Solvent Types 2401070000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Motor Vehicles: SIC 371 Total: All Solvent Types 2401080000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Marine: SIC 373 Total: All Solvent Types 2401085000 Sol vent Utilization Surface Coating Railroad: SIC 374 Total: All Solvent Types 2401090000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types 2415200000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Conveyerized Degreas ing Total: All Solvent Types 2415300000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Cold Cleaning Total: All Solvent Types 2420000370 Solvent Utilization Dry Cleaning All Processes Special Naphthas 2425000000 Solvent Utilization Graphic Arts All Proc esses Total: All Solvent Types 2501060053 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling 2501060101 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Servic e Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled 2501060102 Storage and Transport Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage Gasoline Service Stations Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled 2601010000 Wa ste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery On - site Inciner ation Industrial Total 2601020000 Wa ste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery On - site Incineration Commercial/Institutional Total 2620030000 Wa ste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery Landfills Municipal Total 2630020010 Wa ste Disposal, Treatment, and

Recovery Landfills Wa stewater Treatment Processes Total9



### AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
**– ANIMAL HUSBANDRY**  Emissions from livestock production come from such activities as confinement, manure handling and storage, and land application of manure. Biogenic emission source calculations were derived from EPA’s BEI S inventory sy stem. **AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION**
**– CROPS (Fertilizer Application) (14 SCCs)**  (Anhydrous Ammonia SCC 2801700001, Aqueous Ammonia SCC 2801700002, Nitrogen Solutions SCC 2801700003, Urea SCC 2801700004, Ammo nium Nitrate SCC 2801700005, Ammonium Sulfate SCC 2801700006, Ammonium Thiosulfate SCC 2801700007, N - P - K (multi - grade nutrient fertilizers) SCC 2801700010, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate SCC 2801700011, Potassium Nitrate SCC 2801700012, Diammonium Phosphate SCC 2801700013, Monoammonium Phosphate SCC 2801700014, L iquid Ammonium Poly phosphate SCC 2801700015, Misc. Fertilizers SCC 2801700099) Emissions from crops are primarily due to spreading of various fertilizers. Fertilizers spread on fields that contribute to ammonia emissions include anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonia, and ammonium sulfate. Biogenic emission source calculations were derived from EPA’s BEI S inventory sy stem. **ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE C OATING (SCC 2401001000)**  Architectural surface coatings are used by homeowners and painting contractors to coat the interior and exterior of buildings and other structures. The coatings are applied by spray , brush, or roller and dry

or cure at ambient cond itions. The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the paint and cleanup solvents. Each county ’s emissions are calculated using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Bureau of the Census 2002 population data. The Federal architectural surface coating regulations call for a 20 percent reduction in the solvent content of architectural surface coatings manufactured after September 1999. 5 

### Therefore, a 20 percent CE is applied in the 2002 inventory . The emission factor that i s used in this effort differs from that used for the 1999 area source inventory . The new per capita emission factor was calculated using the Emission I nventory Improvement Program (EI IP ) methods for this category . National solvent - and water - based coatin g per capita use factors were first calculated from 2002 national paint shipments 6 

### and 2002 national population data. 7 

### These factors were then combined with information on the average volatile organic compound (VOC) content of these coatings to calculate per capita emission factors as follows: Water - Based = 0.74 pounds VOC/gallon 8 

### × 589,527,000 gallons 6 

### /288,368,698 people 7



### = 1.5128 pounds VOC/person/y ear Solvent - Based = 3.87 pounds VOC/gallon 8 

### × 119,914,000 gallons 6 

### /288,368,698 people 7



### = 1.6093 pounds VOC/person/y ear10



### Final composite emission factor = 1.5128 + 1.6093 = 3.1 221 pounds VOC/person/y ear SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##         

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where: Emission Factor = 3.1221 lbs VOC/person/year Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7 

### CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5 

### RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%



##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 9069 . 1585 2000 1 823 . 813 , 171 , 3 100 100 100 100 100 20 1 904 , 269 , 1 1221 . 3

        

       

            



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekd

ay allocation factor = 0.00356 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1585.9069  0.00356 = 5.6484 tons VOC per day 

### ASPHALT PAVING (2 SCCs) There are two ty

pes of asphalt used for road paving and repair: cutback asphalt and emulsified asphalt. VOC emiss ions result primarily from the curing of the applied material. The following sections describe the two ty pes of asphalt and identify the methods used to estimate emissions for each ty pe. Cutback Asphalt (SCC 2461021000) Cutback asphalt is used as a pave ment sealant, a tack coat, and a bonding agent between layers of paving material. Cutback asphalt is prepared by blending or “cutting back” asphalt cement with various blends of petroleum distillates. Emissions from cutback asphalt paving occur during th e curing of the road surface when petroleum distillates evaporate. Annual VOC emissions from cutback asphalt paving were computed from information obtained from the Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators (PAMA) on the amount of11



### cutback a sphalt applied in 2002 and the VOC content and density of the asphalt. 10 

### Inaddition, it was assumed that 100 percent of cutback asphalt contained diluent and that 70 percent of the diluent evaporates. 11 

### County emissions were estimated by multiplying State emissions by the ratio of the each county ’s bituminous paved lane mileage by the State’s bituminous paved lane mileage. 12 

### Based on the State regulation prohibiting use of cutback asphalt during summer months, there are no summer season work weekday emissi ons estimated for cutback asphalt. 13 

### Emulsified Asphalt (SCC 2461022000) Emulsified asphalt is a ty pe of liquefied road surfacing material that is used in some of the same applications as cutback asphalt. However, instead of blending asphalt cement with petroleum distillates, emulsified asphalt uses a blend of water with an emulsifier. Annual VOC emissions from emulsified asphalt paving were computed from information obtained from the Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators on the amount of emulsified asphalt applied in 2002, the VOC content and density of the asphalt, and the percentage of emulsified asphalt containing diluent. 10 

### Inaddition, it was assumed that 100 percent of the emulsif ied asphalt diluent evaporates. 11 

### County emissions were estimated by multiplying State emissions by

the ratio of the each county ’s bituminous paved lane mileage by the State’s bituminous paved lane mileage. 14 

### Annual emissions were allocated to the summer season work weekday based on information from PAMA that emulsified asphalt is only applied from March 1 through October 31. 15 

### Inaddition, it was assumed that asphalt use is evenly distributed during this pe riod and that paving is only performed on weekday s. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##           Miles Lane Paved Bituminous State Miles Lane Paved Bituminous County x emissions VOC Statewide ns VOCEmissio Annual County g Evaporatin Diluent of Use Asphalt State Factor Emission Emissions Annual Statewide Density VOC Content VOC Factor Emission

   % 2002


### where: Cutback Asphalt VOC Content = 35% 10 

### Emulsified Asphalt VOC Content = 8% 10 

### Cutback Asphalt VOC Density = 7.1 lbs/gallon 10 

### Emulsified Asphalt VOC Density = 6.25 lbs/gallon 10 

### 2002 PA Cutback Asphalt Use = 5,000,000 gallons 10 

### 2002 PA Emulsified Asphalt Use = 15,000,000 gallons 10 

### Bituminous Paved County Lane Miles = 2,538 miles (Allegheny) 14 

### Bituminous Paved State Lane Miles = 83,227 miles 14 

### % of Cutback Asphalt Diluent that Evaporates = 70% 11 

### % of Emulsified Asphalt Containing Diluent = 50% 10 

### % of Emulsified Asphalt Diluent that Evaporates = 100% 1112



### Cutback Asphalt VOC Emissions Calculation :

year per VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual miles miles asphalt cutback gallons million year gallon VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual year per gallon per VOC tons lbs ton year gallon VOC lbs Factor Emission

6147 . 132 227 , 83 538 , 2 7 . 0 5 0012425 . 0 0012425 . 0 2000 1 1 . 7 35 . 0

     

  

(Summer work weekday emissions are estimated as zero due to State prohibition on use during this period) 13 

### Emulsified Asphalt VOC Emissions Calculation :

year per VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual miles miles asphalt emulsified gallons million year gallon VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual year per gallon per VOC tons lbs ton year gallon VOC lbs Factor Emission

1780 . 57 227 , 83 538 , 2 5 . 0 15 00025 . 0 00025 . 0 2000 1 25 . 6 08 . 0

     

  

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emiss ions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 3/8 (fraction of paving performed in the summer months)  5/7 (fraction of paving performed on weekdays)  65 (number of weekdays in the summer) = 0.004125 15 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 57.1780  0.004125 = 0.2359 tons VOC per day 

### AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING (SCC 2401005000) Automotive refinishing is the painting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks, and other vehi cles. The coating of new cars, however, is considered in the point source inventory , and therefore not included in this inventory . The automotive refinishing VOC emission factor of 2.30 lb/person is based on EPA guidance. 16 

### A control efficiency of 60.94 p ercent for 2002 was computed by

applying an incremental reduction of 38 percent 17 

### to 1999’s 37 percent 18 

### control efficiency based on the following calculation:
Efficiency Control Efficiency Control Efficiency Control Efficiency Control l Incrementa Efficiency Control % 94 . 60 100 100 37 1 100 38 1 1 2002 100 100 1999 1 100 2002 1 1 2002

          

    

      

                 

      

  



### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:13 

##          

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where: E

mission Factor =2.30 lbs VOC/person/year 16 

### Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7 

### Control Efficiency = 60.94% 17 18 

### Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 100% 

##  

year per VOC tons lbs ton year per pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual
4282 . 570 2000 1 856 , 140 , 1 100 100 100 100 100 94 . 60 1 904 , 269 , 1 30 . 2

        



           



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00385 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 570.4282  0.00385 = 2.1940 tons VOC per day 

### BAKERIES (SCC 2302050000) Bakery emissions, primarily

ethanol, result from yeast fermentation during the baking process of bread and bakery

products. Ethanol is emitted through a vent with any combustion product gases. Relevant NAI CS codes for bakeries are 311811 and 311812. County - level VOC emissions were calculated using an employ ment - based emission factor and the number of NAI CS code 311811 and 311 812 employ ees in each county . The number of employ ees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 3 

### T he Bakeries emission factor is 0.11 tons VOC/employ ee/y ear **.** 19 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these em ission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees) where: Emission Factor = 0.11 tons VOC /employee/year 19 

### Employees = 1024 2 3 

### (Allegheny County)14 ) 1024 ( 11 . 0 employees year employee VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual          

 

### = 112.64 tons VOC per year Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocat ion factor=0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 112.64  0.00275 = 0.3098 tons VOC per day 

### BREWERIES (SCC 2302070001) Emissions of VOCs from breweries result from compounds such as ethanol, my rcene, e thyl acetate and higher alcohols resulting from the brewing process. There are two brewery emission factors, which differ based on facility production size (i.e., a smaller emission factor is used for facilities with more than 60,000 barrels production, a nd a larger factor for facilities producing 60,000 barrels or less). Because facility - level brewery production data were not available, it was necessary to estimate the amount of production in each county associated with small and large facilities. First , county level beer production was estimated by apportioning State - level production to counties based on county - level brewery

employ ment. Total Pennsylvania beer production was obtained from the Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. 20 

### The numb er of brewery (NAI CS code 31212) employ ees in 2002 was estimated by projecting 2001 county

employ ment, obtained from the 2001 County Business Patterns, 2 

### to 2002 based on the 2002 to 2001 State - level brewery e mploy ment ratio, obtained from the Bureau of L abor Statistics. 3 

### Based on the average Pennsylvania brewery production per employ ee (2,122 barrels) calculated from the data described above, it was assumed that all facilities in a county reporting fewer than 29 employ ees would contain only small breweries. The cutoff of 29 employees was chosen based on the observation that, assuming a constant per employee production rate, a brewery with 29 employ ees would prod uce approximately

61,500 barrels of beer. It was also assumed that a county with more than 29 brewery employ ees would have production by both small and large facilities. In lieu of actual data, it was assumed that 1 percent of these counties’ production is from small breweries, and 99 percent is from large breweries. Therefore, the small brewery emission factor was applied to 1 percent of the county ’s beer production, while the large brewery emission factor was applied to 99 percent of the county ’s produ ction. This 1 percent assumption appears reasonable given that this value results in statewide brewery emissions similar to those estimated for 1996. Since Pennsylvania’s brewery production data were available on a monthly basis, the statewide summer mon th allocation factor was calculated using the ratio of summer beer production to the annual beer production. This was then converted to the summer work weekday allocation factor using weekday

temporal allocation data from EPA’s Emissions Modeling Clearinghouse (EMCH). 4 2015



### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##             Employees State Employees County Production Statewide Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual where: Small Brewery Emission Factor = 56.743 pounds of VOC/1000 barrels 21 

### Large Brewery Emission Factor = 4.16791 pounds of VOC/1000 barrels 22 

### Adams County Employees = 7 2 3 

### Allegheny County Employees = 261 2 3 

### 2002 PA Beer Production = 3,089,646 barrels 20 

### Adams County (Small Breweries Only Assumption) Annual VOC Emissions :

year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual Employees StateEmployees County barrels barrels VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 4214 . 0 2000 1 8634 . 842 456 , 1 7 646 , 089 , 3 1000 743 . 56

   

 

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month beer production/annual beer production  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer Summer work weekday all ocation factor = 856,549/3,089,646  0.715/65 = 0.00305 4 20 Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.00305 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.4214  0.00305 = 0.001285 tons VOC per day 

### Allegheny County (Small and Large Breweries Assumption) Annual VOC Emissions :

year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual Employees State Employees County barrels barrels VOC lbs Employees State Employees County barrels barrels VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual

2998 . 1 2000 1 5583 . 2599 456

, 1 261 646 , 089 , 3 1000 168 . 4 99 . 0 456 , 1 261 646 , 089 , 3 1000 743 . 56 01 . 0

          



          



  

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocatio n factor = summer month beer production/annual beer production  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 856,549/3,089,646  0.715/65 = 0.00305 4 20 Summer work weekday allocation factor=0.00305 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.2998  0.00305 = 0.00396 tons VOC per day16



### COAL COMBUSTION (6 SCCs) (Residential Anthracite SCC 2104001000, Residential Bituminous SCC 21040 02000, Commercial/Institutional Anthracite SCC 2103001000, Commercial/Institutional Bituminous SCC 2103002000, Industrial Anthracite SCC 2102001000, Industrial Bituminous SCC 2102002000) This category

covers emissions from the burning of coal by residenti al, and small commercial and industrial users. Coal combustion emissions were estimated for VOC, NO x 

### , CO, Pb, PM, and SO 2 

### . Residential coal consumption, in tons per dwelling unit, was estimated using the following equation: **Coal consumption per dwelling**  **unit = 0.003874 e (7.6414** **- (1000/heating degree days))**  

### Heating Degree Day

(HDD) data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 23 

### The HDD of each county was assigned according to the town or city in the county or the nearest to wn or city of similar latitude for which data were available. After estimating county - level residential coal consumption per unit, emissions were calculated by multiplying these values by the number of coal - burning dwelling units in each county 24 

### and the em ission factor for each pollutant. Year 2002 Commonwealth - level commercial sector coal consumption (computed from the Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Data 2000 25 

### and Annual Coal Report 2002 26 

### ) was allocated to individual counties using the n umber of commercial sector facilities in each county . 2 

### County - level emissions were then calculated by multiplying county

coal consumption by the emission factor for the applicable CAP. In dustrial coal - burni ng emissions were computed in a similar way to commercial/institutional emissions. However, county - level industrial employ ment data (from County Business Patterns and Current Employment Statistics ) were used to allocate coal consumption to individual coun ties. Insome cases, CAP emission factors differ between anthracite and bituminous coal. Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while western counties burn bituminous coal. For Commercial and Industrial sector categories, point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these initial emission estimates. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:17



### Residential Coal Combustion :



##                

 

### Units Dwelling Burning - Coal e Units Dwelling Burning - Coal of Number applicable if Content Ash Percent Factor Emission Pollutant Emissions Annual
HDD 

### 003874 . 0 , 1000 6414 . 7 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 10 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 

### ; 10 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 

### ; 9.1 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 275 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 

### ; 275 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### Pb Emission Factor = 0.013182 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 10 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 

### ; 6.2 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 

###  13.38% ash content =8.028 lbs/ton anthracite coal/y ear; 3.8 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 27 

###  13.38% ash content =1.0704 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 1 .04 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 39 lbs/ton anthracite coal/ year 27 

###  0.89% sulfur content =34.71 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 31 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

###  2.42% sulfur content = 75.02 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% sulfur 27 

### Bituminous Coal Sulfur Conten t = 2.42% sulfur 27 

### Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash 27 

### Number of Coal
-Burning Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) = 183 24 

### e = natural base HDD = Heating Degree Days (Allegheny County) = 5,494 23 

### VOC Emissions : 

##    

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual unit dwelling coal tons e units dwelling year coal ton VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 1539 . 6 2000 1 7791 . 307 , 12 003874 . 0 183 10 5494 1000 6414 . 7

                      

 

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000110 4 23 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.1539  0.000110 = 0.000675 tons VOC per day18



### CO Emissions : 

##    

year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual unit dwelling coal tons e units dwelling year coal tons CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 2320 . 169 2000 1 9245 . 463 , 338 003874 . 0 183 275 5494 1000 6414 . 7

                    

 

Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000110 4 23 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 169.2320  0.000110 = 0.01856 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor=0.00555 4 23 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 169.2320  0.00555 = 0.9389 tons CO per day 

### Commercial/Institutional Coal Combustion :



##             Facilities State of Number Facilities

County of Number n Consumptio Coal Factor Emission Pollutant Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.07 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 28 

### ; 1.3 lbs/ton bitum inous coal/year 39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 18 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 

### ; 33 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 

### ; 11 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### Pb Emission Factor = 0.0089 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 

### ; 0.013182 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor =39 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 

###  0.89% sulfur content = 34.7 1 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 38 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

###  2.42% sulfur content = 91.96 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 2.3 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39 

###  13.38% ash content = 30.774 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 13.2 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year39 

###  13.38% ash content = 8.028 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year; 4.6 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 0.08 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year 39 

###  13.38% ash content = 1.0704 lbs/ton anthracite coal/ year; 1.04 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year 3919 

### Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89% 27 

### B ituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 2.42% 27 

### Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash 27 

### Pennsylvania Coal Consumption = 512,636 tons 25 26 

### Number of County Facilities (Allegheny County) = 24,654 2 

### Number of Pennsylvania Facilities = 197,795 2 

### Commercial/Institutional Coal Consumption : 25 26

tons tons tons tons n

Consumptio Commercial n Consumptio Coal State 636 , 512 000 , 742 000 , 587 000 , 648 n Consumptio l Residentia and Commercial 2000 n Consumptio l Residentia and Commercial 2002 2000



   


### VOC Emissions :

year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual facilities state facilities county tons year coal bituminous ton VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 5331 . 41 2000 1 2561 . 066 , 83 795 , 197 654 , 24 636 , 512 3 . 1

      Summer work weekday VOC emission s = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 41.5331  0.00170 = 0.0705 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions :

year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual facilities state facilities county tons year coal bituminous ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 4342 . 351 2000 1 321 . 868 , 702 795 , 197 654 , 24 636 , 512 11

      Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 351 .4342  0.00170 = 0.5967 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00397 4 Wi nter work weekday C O emissions = 351.4342  0.00397 = 1.3962 tons CO per day 

### Industrial Coal Combustion :20 

##             Employees State of Number Employees

County of Number n Consumptio Coal Factor Emission Pollutant Emissions Annual 

### The Industrial Coal Combustion emissions were calculated using the same emission factors as Commercial/Institutional Coal (see above). where: Number of Allegheny County Employees =48,544 2 3 

### Number of Pennsylvania Employees = 721,902 2 3 

### Pennsylvania Coal Consumption = 42,900,812.75 tons 25 26 

### Industrial Coal Consumption : 25 26

tons tons tons tons Report) Coal nnual A n Consumptio Industrial Other Report) Coal (Annual n Consumptio Industrial Other Data Energy State from n Consumptio Industrial n Consumptio Coal State
75 . 812 , 900 , 42 000 , 498 , 3 000 , 121 , 3 000 , 083 , 48 ( 2000 2002 2000

    



### CO Emissions :

year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual state in employees county in employees tons year coal bituminous ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 6603 . 866 , 15 2000 1 58 . 320 , 733 , 31 902 , 721 544 , 48 75 . 812 , 900 , 42 11

      Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00283 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 15,866.6603  0.00283 = 44.8538 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekda

y allocation factor = 0.00283 4 

### Winter work weekday

CO emissions = 15,866.6603  0.00283 = 44.8538 tons CO per day **COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER SOLVENT USE (SCC 2465000000)** This source category

covers household p roducts such as special naphthas, alcohols, carbonyls, and other organics that contain VOCs. There are no point sources associated with this category . County - level emissions were calculated using a composite per capita emission factor (see table below) and U.S. Bureau of the Census population data. The emission factor represents pre control emission rates. A CE of 20 percent 29 

### and an RP of 48.6 percent 9 

### were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. This yi elds a post - control VOC emission factor of21



### 7.078 lbs per capita which was used in all emission calculations. Each county ’s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

**SUBCATEGORY EMISSION FACTOR**  Household Products 0.79 lbs/person/y ear Personal Care Products 2.32 lbs/person/y ear Automotive Aftermarket Products 1.36 lbs/person/y ear Adhesives and Sealants 0.57 lbs/person/y ear FIFRA - Regulated Products 1.78 lbs/person/y ear Coatings and Related Products 0.95 lbs/person/y ear Miscel laneous Products 0.07 lbs/person/y ear **Total (Pre -**  **Control) 7.84 lbs/person/year**  SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##         

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where: Emission Factor =7.84 lbs VOC/person/year30



### Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7 

### CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 29 

### RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% 9 

### RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%



###   year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 1598 . 4494 2000 1 557 . 319 , 988 , 8 100 100 100 6 . 48 100 20 1 904 , 269 , 1 84 . 7

        

            


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00274 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 4494.1598  0.00274 = 12.3128 tons VOC per day 

### COMMERCIAL COOKING (5 SCCs) Chain - Dri ven (Conveyorized) Charbroilers SCC 2302002100; Under - Fired Charbroilers SCC 2302002200; Flat Griddles SCC 2302002300; Clamshell Griddles SCC 2302002400; and Deep Fat Fry ers SCC 2302002500 Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with commercial coo king were compiled from the 2002 nonpoint source National Emissions Inventory (NEI ). 31 

### The 2002 NEIreports commercial cooking emissions in five SCCs, each of which represents a specific equipment ty pe. Source22



### categories comprise emissions from all meat typ es for a particular piece of equipment. The following ty

pes of meat are included: hamburger, steak, fish, pork, and chicken. Emissions for deep - fat frying of french fries were also estimated. With the exception of deep - fat frying of french fries, comm ercial cooking activity was developed from survey data obtained from a Public Research Institute (PRI ) report on charbroiling activity estimation in the State of California. 32 

### Further details on the annual emission estimation methodology are available in the forthcoming 2002 nonpoint source NEI documentation. 31 

### The NEIreports emissions for the following criteria pollutants: VOC, CO, PM10 - PRI , and PM25 - PRI(note, however, that each pollutant is not reported for each equipme nt ty pe). The sources of the commercial cooking criteria pollutant emission factors are documented in a report prepared for EPA. 33 

### Because temporal allocation data were not developed for this category in the 2002 NEI , the default temporal data reported in the EMCH for SCC 2302002000 (Commercial Charbroiling) were applied to each commercial cooking SCC. 4 

### These data were used to estimate both summer season and winter season work weekday emission estimates. SA MPLE SEASONAL CALCULATIONS (CHAIN
-DRIVEN CHARBROILERS): Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 10.7792 tons VOC per year Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 

### Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 10.7792  0.00275 = 0.0296 tons VOC per day Annual PM10
-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 43.0837 tons VOC per year Wi nter work weekday PM10
-PRI emissions = annual PM10
-PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 

### Wi nter work weekday PM10
-PRI emissions = 43.0837  0.00275 = 0.1185 tons VOC per day **COMPOST ING (3 SCCs)**  (Biosolids SCC 2680001000, Mixed Waste 2680002000, Green Waste 2680030000) Composting refers to the use of both aerobic and anaerobic microbial processes to degrade waste materials for beneficial refuse. Compostable wastes include biosolids ( sewage sludge), manure, green waste ( e.g., landscape trimmings, grass clippings), and other biodegradable materials such as food waste. Composting produces emissions of NH 3 

### , VOC, and methane. Emissions for each county were estimated using a biosolids - gene ration - based emission factor 65 

### . Figures on material composted were obtained from BioCycle’s nationwide survey34 

### Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below. SAMPL E NH 3 

### EMI SSI ON CAL CULATI ON:23



### Annual NH 3 

### Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Tons material composted) Wh ere: Emissions Factor = 3.28 lbs NH 3

### /ton Biosolids 2.81 lbs NH

3

### /ton Mixed W

aste 0.82 lbs NH

3

### /ton Green W

aste Tons Biosolids = 3,321.65 (Allegheny County) 

##   Biosolids tons year Biosolids ton NH lbs Emissions NH Annual 65 . 321 , 3 / 3 28 . 3 3        Annual NH

3 

### Emissions = 10895.012 * lbs ton 2000 1 

### = 5.45 tons NH 3 

### / y ear **DEGREASING (4 SCCs)** (Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415360000, Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) SCC 2415300000, Elec tronics (Vapor/In - Li ne) SCC 2415230000, Other (Vapor/In - Li ne) SCC 2415200000) Surface cleaning, also known as “degreasing”, includes the solvent cleaning or conditioning of metal surfaces and parts, fabricated plastics, electronic and electrical component s and other nonporous substrates. These cleaning processes are designed to remove foreign material, such as oils, grease, waxes and moisture, usually in the preparation for further treatment, such as painting, electroplating, galvanizing, anodizing or app lying conversion coatings. Three basic ty pes of surface cleaning operations are currently used: cold cleaning, vapor cleaning, and in - line or conveyorized cleaning, which can be either a cold or vapor cleaning process. VOC emission results from the evapo ration of solvents used in these processes. Cold cleaning is a batch process in which solvents are applied at room temperature or slightly heated. Parts are immersed in a solvent, usually mineral spirits. Parts too large for immersion may be spray ed or wiped with a solvent. The primary cold cleaning application is cleaning of tools or metal parts at service and automotive repair stations and manufacturing facilities. Cold cleaning may incorporate covers or freeboards to limit the evaporative loss of so lvents. In - line cleaners use automated load sy stems (ty pically conveyors) to maintain a continuous feed to the cleaning unit. These units use both cold and vapor - cleaning methods as described above, with the majority

being halogenated solvent cleaning sy stems. These units are used for large - scale operations and are usually enclosed except to the conveyor inlet or exit. A common application of in - line cleaners is cleaning printed circuit boards for the electronic and electrical component industries. The Emission Inventory

Improvement Program (EI IP ) developed the following population - based methods for estimating degreasing emissions. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates.24



### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##         

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where: Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 2.5 lbs VOC/person/year 35 

### Manufacturing (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emission Factor = 1.1 lbs VOC/person/year 35 

### Electronics (Vapor/I

n - Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.21 lbs VOC/person/year 35 

### Other (Vapor/In
-Line) VOC Emission Factor = 0.49 lbs VOC/person/year 35 

### Population = 1,269,904 (Alleghen y County) 7 

### Auto Repair Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66% 36 

### Manufacturing Cold Cleaning CE (Control Efficiency) = 66% 36 

### Electronics Vapor/In
-

Line CE (Control Efficiency ) = 63% 36 37 

### Other Vapor/In
-Line CE (Control Efficiency) = 63% 36 37 

### All Categories RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% All Categories RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80% A llegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning) VOC Emissions Calculation : 

##  
year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 2434 . 749 2000 1 72 . 486 , 498 , 1 100 80 100 100 100 66 1 904 , 269 , 1 5 . 2

        

            



Summer work weekday VOC emissions calculation for Allegheny County Auto Repair (Cold Cleaning): Degreasing (all categories) summer work weekday allocation fact or = 0.00385 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 749.2434  0.00385 = 2.8817 tons VOC per day 

### DRY CLEANERS (SCC 2420000370) Three ty pes of dry cleaning operations are used: coin - operated facilities using perchloroethylene (perc); commercial/industrial facilities using perc; and commercial/industrial facilities using VOC solvents. As perc is no longer considered a VOC, only co mmercial/industrial facilities using VOC solvents are considered for the area source inventory . The first two categories are not included in the baseline inventory . They are, however, retained for use in the modeling inventory as required by

EPA guidance .25



### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor and US Census Bureau population data. The emission fact or was determined by the Department using 1990 survey data supplied by

the industry

(contacts with the Pennsylvania and Delaware Cleaners Association indicate that more recent data are not available). 38 

### SAMP LE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population) where: Emission Factor = 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year 38 

### Population = 1,269,904 (2002 Allegheny County) 7



##  

year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual
2428 . 95 2000 1 6 . 485 , 190 904 , 269 , 1 15 . 0

   

        



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 95.2428  0.0028=0.2674 to ns VOC per day 

### ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (SCC 2401060000) The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in the manufacture of electrical appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, laundry e quipment, and electric housewares. Emissions for each county were estimated per the sample calculations below using an employ ment - based emission factor and the number of employ ees in the NAI CS codes, 333414, 335211, 335212, 335221, and 335228. The number of employ ees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the B ureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number o f Employees) where: Emission Factor = 463 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 

### Employees = 150 (Allegheny County) 2 326 

##  
year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 725 . 34 2000 1 450 , 69 150 463

            


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 34.725 x 0.00275=0.09 55 tons VOC per day 

### ELECTRICAL INSULATION (SCC 2401065000) The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the insulation coatings applied to wire and cable. The emissions for each county were calculated us ing an employ

ment - based emission factor and the number of employees in NAI CS codes 331422, 331491, 335311, 335921 and 335929 . The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employ ees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### E ach county ’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factor = 290 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 

### Employees = 58 (Allegheny County ) 2 3 

##  
year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 41 . 8 2000 1 16820 58 290

            


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation f actor = 0.00277

4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 8.41  0.00277=0.0233 tons VOC per day27



### FACTORY FINISHED WOOD (SCC 2401015000) The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the gluing and coating process. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employ ment - based emission factor and the number of employees in NAI CS codes 32192, 33711, 321211, 321212, 321213, 321911, 321918, 321992, and 321999. The number of employees in each county

for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtain ed from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Facto r)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factor = 131 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 

### Employees =615 (Allegheny County) 2 3



##  
year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 2825 . 40 2000 1 80565 615 131

            


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 40.2825 x 0.00 28=0.1141 tons VOC per day 

### FOREST FIRES (SCC 2810001000) Forest fires in certain rural areas can produce very large, short - term emissions of VOC, NO x 

### , and CO, SO 2 

### , and particulates. The emissions for each county were calculated using an emission factor from AP - 42 39 

### or the 1999 National Emissions Inventory 40 

### and a loading factor from AP 42 39


### . The number of acres burned was obtained from the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 41 

### Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations below. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Acres Burned) where: VOC Emission Factor = 24 lbs VOC/ton of flora/ye ar 3928 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 4 lbs NO x 

### /ton of flora/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 140 lbs CO/ton of flora/year 39 

### Loa ding Factor = 11 tons of flora/acre 39 

### Acres Burned = 3.85 acres (Westmoreland County) 41 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual burned acres acreflora of tons year flora of ton VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 5082 . 0 2000 1 4 . 1016 85 . 3 11 24

                  


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0055 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.5082  0.0055=0.002795 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual burned acres acre flora of tons year flora of ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 9645 . 2 2000 1 5929 85 . 3 11 140

                    



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0055 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 2.9645  0.0055=0.0163 tons CO per day Wi nter work we ekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00056 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 2.9645  0.00056=0.0017 tons CO per day 

### FUE **L OIL COMBUSTION (3 SCCs)** (Residential Distillate Fuel Oil SCC 2104004000, Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil SCC 2103004000, Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil SCC 2103005000) Distillate and residual oil combustion sources, which emit VOC, NO x 

### , CO, SO 2 

### , Pb, and PM are grouped into three categories: Commercial/Institutional, Residential, and Industrial. Industrial source emissions are captured in the point source inventory . For Commercial sector categories, point source emissions, whe re present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding29



### county . Fuel oil emissions were calculated for each county using fuel use estimates derived by allocating Commonwealth consumption estimates from the Energy Information Administration to individual counties . The county allocations were performed using data obtained from the County Business Patterns and the U.S. Census Bureau. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: Residential Distillate Fuel Oil : Residential fuel oil usage was determined by alloc ating the total residential fuel oil use to each county . The residential fuel oil consumption was allocated by the ratio of dwelling units (DU) using distillate fuel oil in a county to the number of dwelling units burning distillate fuel oil in the Commonwealth. The following is the general equation for the calculation of usage for residential sources of fuel oil combustion.



###            DU Burning - Oil
- Fuel State DU

Burning - Oil
- Fuel County Usage Oil Fuel Distillate l Residentia PA Usage Oil Fuel Annual 

### where: PA Residential Distillate Fuel Use = 829,470 thousands of gallons 42



### 2000 County Fuel
- Oil
-Burning DUs = 8123 Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) 7 

### 2000 State Fuel
- Oil
-Burning DUs = 1,217,155 Dwelling Units 7 

### VOC E missions :

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Units Dwelling Units Dwelling gallons of thousands gallons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 9375 . 1 2000 1 9784 . 3874 155 , 217 , 1 8123 470 , 829 1000 7 . 0

   

  Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000165 4 Summer work weekday VOC em issions = 1.9375  0.000165=0.000319 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions :

year per CO tons pounds ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual Units Dwelling Units Dwelling gallons of thousands gallons VOC lbs Emissions CO Annual 8392 . 13 2000 1 4173 . 678 , 27 155 , 217 , 1 8123 470 , 829 1000 5

   

 
Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000165 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 13.8392  0.000165=0.00228 tons CO per day30

Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.000626 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 13.8392  0.00626=0.0866 tons CO per day 

### Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil : The total amount of distillate fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of commercial sector (i.e., SI C code 50 - 89) facilities. The number of commercial facilities in 2001 was used for this allocation because 2001 data were the last year available. 2 

### Total Commonwealth u se was obtained from the Energy Information Administration . 42 

### Each county ’s emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following sample calculations.



###             Facilities State of Number Facilities

County of Number Use Oil Fuel Distillate nal Institutio Commercial PA Factor Emission Emissions Annual / 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/10 00 gallons/year 39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 20 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

###  0.3% sulfur content = 42.6 lbs/1000 gallons/year PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### P M25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### Lead Emission Factor = 0.001268 lbs/1000 gallons/yea r **Error! Bookmark not defined.**  **Error! Bookmark not defined.** Distillate Fuel Sulfur Content = 0.3% 27 

### County Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2 

### Commonwealth Facilities = 197,795 2 

### PA Commercial/Institutional Distillate Fuel Oil Use = 301,554,000 gallons 42 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Facilities Facilities gallons of thousands 301,554 year gallons lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual
3898 . 6 2000 1 5656 . 779 , 12 795 , 197 654 , 24 1000 34 . 0

                    



Sum mer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.3898  0.00170=0.0108 tons V OC per day 

### CO Emissions :31 

##  

year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual Facilities Facilities gallons of thousands 301,554 year gallons lbsCO Emissions CO Annual
9674 . 93 2000 1 7889 . 934 , 187 795 , 197 654 , 24 1000 5

                    



Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 93.9674  0.00170=0.1595 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0040 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 93.9674  0.0040=0.3733 tons CO per day 

### Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil : The total amount of residual fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of commercial facilities, which was obtain ed from County Business Patterns . 2 

### The total Commonwealth use was obtained from the Energy Information Administration . 42 

### Each county ’s emissions for commercia l/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following sample calculations.



###              Facilities State of Number Facilities

County of Number Factor Emission Emissions Annual Use Oil Fuel Residual Commercial PA 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 1.13 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 55 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 157 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

###  1.05% sulfur content = 164.85 lbs/1000 gallons/year PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 5.17 lbs/1000 gallons/year  0.19% ash content = 0.9823 lbs/1000 gallons/ year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 1.92 lbs/1000 gallo ns/year  0.19% ash content = 0.3648 lbs/1000 gallons/ year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lbs/1000 gallons/ year 39 

### Lead Emission Factor = 0.00155 lbs/1000 gallon s/ year **Error! Bookmark not defined.**  **Error! Bookmark not defined.** Residual Fuel Sulfur Content = 1.05% 43 

### County Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2 

### Commonwealth Facilities = 197,795 2 

### PA Commercial/Institutional Residual Fuel Oil Use = 16,597,000 gallons 4232



### VOC Emissions : 

##  

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Facilities Facilities gallons of thousands 16,597 year gallons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual
1688 . 1 2000 1 6534 . 2337 795 , 197 654 , 24 1000 13 . 1

                      



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.1688  0.00170= 0.00198 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions : 

##  

year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual Facilities Facilities gallons of thousands 16,597 year gallons CO lbs Emissions CO Annual
1718 . 5 2000 1 5991 . 343 , 10 795 , 197 654 , 24 1000 5

                    



Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00170 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 5.1718  0.00170=0.00 878 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0040 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 5.1718  0.0040 = 0.0205 tons CO per day 

### GASOLINE MARKETING (5 SCCs) (Stage ISCC 2501060053, Stage I I Uncontrolled SCC 2501060101, Stage I I Controlled SCC 2501060102, Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying SCC 2501060201, Truck Transit SCC 2505030120) Gasoline marketing involves the operations ty pically associated with transporting gasoline from refineries to final consumption in gasoline - powered vehicles. Evaporative emissions of VOCs occur at all points in the distribution process. The operations that were inventoried as area sources are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in transit. Bulk terminals and outlets are inventoried as point sources. VOC emissions result from the following sources: 1)33



### Stage I(tank truck unloading into underground storage tanks), 2) Stage I I (vehicle fueling), 3) Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying, and 4) Truck Transit. Each category ’s AP - 42 emission factor is based on the average daily throughput that was calculated from monthly

data obta ined from the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Bureau of Motor Fuel Taxes. The vehicle miles traveled (VMT), which were obtained from Dan Szekeres of the Baker Corporation 44 

### , was used to apportion the gasoline throughput to each county . Control efficien cy

(CE), rule penetration (RP), and rule effectiveness (RE) factors were applied to Stage I for each county

to reflect the application of vapor balance sy stems. A RE factor was applied to Stage I I to each regulated county . CE, RP, and RE factors were app lied to Underground Storage Tank Breathing to reflect the application of pressure relief valves. There were no point sources for this source category . Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALC ULATIONS: Stage I : 

##             VMT Annual State VMT Annual County Sales Gasoline Annual State Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where:

Emission Factor = 1.92 lbs VOC/1000 gallons 39 

### State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year45 

### County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 m iles (Allegheny County) 44 

### State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 m iles 44 

### Control Efficiency (CE) = 96% 46 47 

### Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% 46 47 

### Rule Effectiveness (RE

) = 80%

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual miles miles day gallons gallons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 3185 . 120 2000 1 0855 . 637 , 240 100 80 100 96 100 96 1 321 , 666 , 021 , 97 725

, 074 , 836 , 8 337 , 145 , 238 , 5 1000 92 . 1

        

                            Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekdays i n summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.8333/65 = 0.00335 4 45 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 120.3185  0.00335 = 0.4035 tons VOC per day 

### Stage II: Vehicle refueling VOC emissions are estimated using MOBI LE6.2 - based emission factors; 48 

### monthly gasoline sales estimates; 45 

### and county - level, annual vehicle miles traveled ( VMT) data. 44 

### MOBI LE6.2 provided monthly , emission factors for each county in Pennsylvania.34



### MOBI LE6.2 input files were set up to model refueling emission factors in a manner similar to that used for calculat ing onroad mobile source emissions for 2002. For each county , twelve monthly scenarios were modeled, along with an ozone season scenario and a winter scenario. These scenarios used the same 2002 monthly temperature and fuel inputs that were used in preparing onroad mobile source emissions. Each input file also called upon the external countyspecific age distribution file developed for 2002. No speed information or I /M program information was modeled, as these are not needed in the refueling calculation s. Stage I I control program information was included for the counties with controls based on program information regarding control efficiency from Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania counties with Stage I I controls are Allegheny , Armstrong, Beaver, Bucks, But ler, Chester, Delaware, Fay ette, Montgomery , Philadelphia, Washington, and Westmoreland. 49 

### Vehicle - specific emission factors were then obtained in the database output format of MOBI LE6.2. Using the fuel economy

data and VMT fraction data contained in the MOBI LE6.2 output files, the gram per mile emission factors were first converted to gram per gallon emission factors. These gram per gallon emission factors were then weighted according to the VMT fraction of each gasoline vehicle ty pe to obtain monthly , c ounty - specific gram per gallon emission factors weighted for all gasoline vehicle ty

pes. VMT data were used to allocate monthly Pennsylvania gasoline sales to each county . These are the same gasoline sales figures that are used to estimate Stage I emis sions. The MOBI LE6.2 emission factors were then multiplied by the corresponding gasoline sales data to estimate refueling emissions. The VOC emissions calculations provide emissions at the county level for each month of 2002. 

##             VMT State VMT County Sales Gasoline State Monthly Factor Emission VOC Emissions VOC June Allegheny 

### wh ere: Allegheny County June Emission Factor = 1.027 grams/gallon 48 

### PA June Gasoline Consumption =443,778,938 gallons 45 

### Allegheny County 2002 VMT = 8,836,074,725 miles 44 

### PA 2002 VMT = 97,021,666,321 miles 44 

##   

##    

                   

VOC tons Emissions County Allegheny Monthly Emissions VOC County Allegheny Annual VOC tons lb ton g lb VOC g Emissions VOC June Allegheny miles miles gallons gallon VOC g Emissions VOC June Allegheny

8276 . 573 7546 . 45 2000 1 59 . 453 1 1 . 615 , 507 , 41 321 , 666 , 021 , 97 725

, 074 , 836 , 8 938 , 778 , 443 027 . 1

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer35

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.715/65 = 0.00288 4 45 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 573.8276  0.00288 = 1.6510 tons VOC per day 

### Underground Storage Tank Breathing and Emptying :



##             VMT Annual State VMT Annual County Sales Gasoline Annual State Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where:

Emissio n Factor = 1.0 lbs VOC/1000 gallons 39 

### State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year 45 

### County Annual VMT = 8,836,074,725 m iles (Allegheny County) 44 

### S tate Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 m iles 44 

### Control Efficiency (CE) = 90% 46 50 

### Rule Penetration (RP) = 96% 46 50 

### Rule Effectiveness (RE) = 80%

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual miles miles day gallons gallons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 6572 . 73 2000 1 4698 . 314 , 147 100 80 100 96 100 90 1 321 , 666 , 021 , 97 725

, 074 , 836 , 8 337 , 145 , 238 , 5 1000 0 . 1

        

                            Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekday s in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.715/65 = 0.00288 4 45 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 73.6572  0.00288 = 0.2119 tons VOC per day 

### Truck Transit : 

##             VMT Annual State VMT Annual County Sales Gasoline Annual State Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where:

Emission Factor = 0.06 lbs VOC/1000 gallons 39 

### State Annual Gasoline Sales = 5,238,145,337 gallons/year 45 

### County Annu al VMT = 8,836,074,725 m iles (Allegheny County) 44 

### State Annual VMT = 97,021,666,321 m iles 44 

### (The emission factor is based on the assumption that gasoline delivery is via single trips and acc ounts for both full and empty truck travel.)36 year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual miles miles day gallons gallons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 3116 . 14 2000 1 2831 . 623 , 28 321 , 666 , 021 , 97 725

, 074 , 836 , 8 337 , 145 , 238 , 5 1000 06 . 0

                            Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month gasoline sales/annual gasoline sales  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 1,370,092,015/5,238,145,337  0.8333/65 = 0.00335 4 45 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 14.3116  0.00335 = 0.04799 tons VOC per day 

### GRAPHIC ARTS (SCC 2425000000) Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed material. Emissions of VOCs result from evapo ration of solvents used in inks and cleaning. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission factor and U.S. Census Bureau population data. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population) where: Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs VOC/person/year 16 

### Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7

year per VOC tons 825.4376 lbs ton year per VOC s ound p ,650,875.2 Emissions VOC Annual people year person VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual

     2000 1 1 904 , 269 , 1 3 . 1

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emiss ions = 825.4376  0.0028=2.2904 tons VOC per day 

### HIGH PERFORMANCE INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SOLVENT (SCC 2401100000) The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of solvents from surface coating of objects and materials that may e xist in extreme conditions. There were no point sources. The emissions for each county were calculated using a per capita emission factor37



### and U.S. Census Bureau population data. Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculation s. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##         

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual 

### where: Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs VOC/person/year 16 

### Population = 1,269,904 people (Allegheny County) 7 

### CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5 

### RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100% 

##   year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 3693 . 406 2000 1 56 . 738 , 812 1 904 , 269 , 1 8 . 0 100 100 100 100 100 20



###         
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday a llocation factor = 0.00356 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 406.3693  0.00356=1.4473 tons VOC per day 

### KEROSENE (2 SCCs) (Residential Kerosene SCC 2104011000, Commercial/Institutional Kerosene SCC 2103011000) Kerosen e combustion sources, which emit VOC, NO x 

### , CO, SO 2 

### , and PM are grouped into two area source categories: Commercial/Institutional and Residential (all Industrial sector kerosene emissions are assumed to be included in the point source inventory ). Emission s were calculated for each county

using emission factors and Energy Information Administration fuel use information. The EIA kerosene consumption data are reported for each State. Commonwealth consumption was allocated to counties using data obtained fro m the County Business Patterns and the U.S. Census Bureau. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: Residential Kerosene : The emissions for residential kerosene combustion were determined by allocating total residential kerosene consumption in the Commonwealth to each c ounty . This allocation was performed using the ratio of dwelling units (DU) heating with kerosene in a county to the number of dwelling units heating with kerosene in the Commonwealth. The following is the general equation used to calculate emissions fro m residential kerosene combustion.38 

###           



  DU g urnin B e Kerosen State DU

urning B e Kerosen County Usage Oil Fuel Kerosene l Residentia PA Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.7 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 17.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27 

### CO Emission Factor = 4.8 lbs/1000 gallons/year27 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 41.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year 27 

### PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallon s/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PA Residential Kerosene Fuel Use = 83,366 thousands of gallons 42 

### 2000 County Kerosene -Burning DUs = 8123 Dwelling Units (Allegheny County) 7 

### 2000 State Ker osene -Burning DUs = 1,217,155 Dwelling Units 7 

### VOC Emissions :

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Units Dwelling Units Dwelling gallons of thousands gallons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 1947 . 0 2000 1 4553 . 389 155 , 217 , 1 8123 366 , 83 1000 7 . 0

   

  Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allo cation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions =0.1947  0.00275=0.000536 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions :

year per CO tons pounds ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual Units Dwelling Units Dwelling gallons of thousands gallons VOC lbs Emissions CO Annual 3353 . 1 2000 1 5503 . 2670 155 , 217 , 1 8123 366 , 83 1000 8 . 4

   

  Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 1.3353  0.00275=0.00367 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissi ons  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 1.3353  0.00275=0.00367 tons CO per day 

### Commercial/Institutional Kerosene :39



### Th e total amount of fuel oil was apportioned to each county according to the number of commercial facilities, which was obtained from County Business Patterns . 2 

### The total Commercial/Institutional kerosene cons umption in the Commonwealth was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. 42 

### The emission factors used for Commercial/Institutional Kerosene were the same as those used for Commercial/ Institutiona l Distillate Fuel Oil as per EI IP guidance. Each county ’s emissions for commercial/institutional fuel oil combustion were estimated per the following sample calculations.



###              Facilities State of Number Facilities

County of Number Use Kerosene Commercial PA Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39



### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 20 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Fa ctor = 142 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

###  0.3% sulfur content = 42.6 lbs/1000 gallons/year PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### Kerosene Sulfur Content = 0.3% 27 

### County Commercial Sector Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2 

### Commonwealth Commercial Sector Facilities = 197,795 2 

### Commercial/Institutional Keros ene Oil Use = 16,290 thousands of gallons 42 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Facilities Facilities gallons of thousands 16,290 year gallons lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual
3452 . 0 2000 1 3544 . 690 795 , 197 654 , 24 1000 34 . 0

                    



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday alloca tion factor = 0.00283 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.3452  0.00283 = 0.000976 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions :40 

##  

year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual Facilities Facilities gallons of thousands 16,290 year gallons lbsCO Emissions CO Annual
0761 . 5 2000 1 2703 . 10152 795 , 197 654 , 24 1000 5

                    



Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00283 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 5.0761  0.00283 = 0.0143 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emis sions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00283 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 5.0761  0.00283 = 0.0143 tons CO per day 

### LANDFILLS (SCC 2620030000) Municip al solid waste landfills receive primarily household and/or commercial waste. The VOC emissions from landfills are produced by volatilization, chemical reaction, and biological decomposition of refuse material. The emissions were calculated using the t otal amount of refuse in Pennsylvania’s municipal solid waste landfills, not the landfills’ capacity . Since landfills continue to emit VOCs long after they are closed (at least 20 years), data from active and inactive landfills were collected. For active landfills, data from page two of the 2002 “Annual Facility Capacity Report” for each landfill were collected. In particular, Total Waste Accepted was needed for the final emissions calculation. Several landfills that were included in the 1996 Pennsylvan ia area source inventory were not included in the compilation of 2002 facility reports provided by

PA DEP. After confirming with PA DEP that these landfills are inactive (in a few cases the landfills had merely been renamed), the 1996 Total Waste Accepted data for these now - closed landfills were incorporated into the 2002 inventory . Total Waste Accepted was summed at the county level to calculate the total landfill emissions in each county . The emissions estimate was adjusted for precipitation. Each cou nty ’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculation. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Precipitation Adjustment Factor)(Tons of W aste)41



### where: Emission Factor = 13.6 tons VOC/1,000,000 tons of waste Precipitation Adjustment Factor = 2.6 Amount of W

aste = 19,422,841.6 tons of waste (Allegheny County) 

##    year per VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual waste of tons year waste tons VOC tons Emissions VOC Annual 7917 . 686 6 . 841 , 422 , 19 6 . 2 000 , 000 , 1 6 . 13

          

 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation f actor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 686.7917  0.00275 = 1.8887 tons VOC per day 

### MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SCC 2401055000) The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evapor ation of the solvent used in the coating process in manufacturing facilities, such as engines, turbines, farm and garden equipment, computers, and office machinery . The emissions for each county were calculated using an employ

ment - based emission factor an d employ ee data from NAI CS Codes 333 (except 333314 and 333315), 33271, 332991, 332997, 3341, and 336391. The number of employees in each county

for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwea lth employ ees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from the Machinery and Equipment category

emissi on estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: VOC Emission Factor = 77 lbs VOC /employee/year 16 

### Employees = 4944 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 344 . 190 2000 1 688 , 380 4944 77

            



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00277 442

Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 190.344  0.00277 = 0.5282 tons VOC per day 

### MARINE COATING (SCC 2401080000) This source category

includes ship and boat building and repairing. The emissions we re calculated using an employ ment - based emission factor and employee data from NAI CS code 33661. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employ ees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations below. Point sourc e emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factor = 308 lbs VOC /employee/year 16 

### Employees = 52 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Employees year Employee lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 008 . 8 2000 1 016 , 16 52 308

            



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 8.008  0.0028 = 0.0222 tons VOC per day 

### METAL CANS (SCC 2401040000) This source category

includes the m anufacturing of metal cans, barrels, drums, kegs, and pails. The emissions from point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county . The emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employ

ment - based emission factor and employee data from NAI CS Codes 332431 and 332439. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:43



### Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factor = 6,029 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 

### Employees =48 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3 

##  

year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual Employees year Employee lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual
696 . 144 2000 1 392 , 289 48 029 , 6

            



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 144.696  0.0028 = 0.4015 tons VOC per day 

### METAL FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (SCC 2401025000) This source category

includes manufacturing metal household and office furniture, such as beds, cabinets, desks, bookcases, and chairs. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employ ment - based emission factor and employee data for NAI CS codes 337121, 337124, 337214, and 337215. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was ob tained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employ ees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factor = 1, 597 lbs VOC /employee/year 16 

### Employees = 487 employees (Allegheny County) 2 344 

##  

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual
8695 . 388 2000 1 739 , 777 487 597 , 1

            



Summer work weekday VOC e missions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 388.8695  0.0028 = 1.0790 tons VOC per day 

### MISCELLA **NEOUS FINISHED METAL (SCC 2401050000)** This source category

includes facilities which enamel, lacquer, and/or varnish metals. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employ ment - based emission factor and emp loy ee data from NAI CS Codes 332812, 339911, 339912, and 339914. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Com monwealth employ ees to 2001 total Commonwealth employees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE V

OC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factor = 2,877 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 

### Employees = 683 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3 

##  

year per VOC tons pounds ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual
4955 . 982 2000 1 991 , 964 , 1 683 2877

            



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 982.4955  0.0028 = 2.7262 tons VOC per day45



### MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401090000) This source category

includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing products not classif ied in any other group such as jewelry , silverware, musical instruments, dolls, toy s, games, pens, pencils, buttons, brooms, and caskets. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using a per capita emission factor an d U.S. Census Bureau population data. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Population) where: Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs VOC/ person/year 16 

### Population =1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7



##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 9712 . 380 2000 1 4 . 942 , 761 904 , 269 , 1 6 . 0

              


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation facto r Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC Emissions = 380.9712  0.0028 = 1.0633 tons VOC per day 

### NATURAL GAS AND LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) (4 SCCs) (Residential Natural Gas SCC 2104006000, Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas SCC 2103006000, Residential L PG SCC 2104007000, Commercial/Institutional L PG SCC 2103007000) Natural gas and LPG are used in residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial facilities. In dustr ial natural gas and LPG consumption is considered to be covered in the point source inventory . Area source natural gas and LPG emissions were estimated using fuel consumption data and AP - 42 emission factors. Because monthly natural gas consumption data w ere available, these data were used in developing the summer and winter season work weekday allocation factors. Consumption data were apportioned according to the number of dwelling units heating with natural gas/LPG, which was available from U.S. Census Bureau data (for residential sources), and according to the number of commercial sector facilities, obtained from County Business Patterns (for commercial/institutional sources). Commercial and Residential L PG consumption was not available for 2002; there fore, the 2001 consumption was grown to 2002 by46



### applying the ratio of 2002 Commercial/Residential propane sales in Pennsy lvania to 2001 Commercial/Residential propane sales in the Commonwealth. Commercial LPG consumption in 2001 was obtained from the Ener gy Information Administration’s State Energy Data 2001 . Propane sales for 2001 and 2002 were obtained from Petroleum Marketing Annual. 51 52 

### Each county ’s emissions were estimated using the sample calculations below. For Commercial sector categories, point sources, where present, were subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county . SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: Natural Gas : Residential Natural Gas :



##             

 Units

Dwelling State Burning - Gas - Natural Units Dwelling County Burning - Gas - Natural n Consumptio Gas Natural esidential StatewideR Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMcf (million cubic feet)/year 39



### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 94 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 40 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor =1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Fa ctor =5.7 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### Residential Natural Gas Consumption = 237,640 MMcf 53 

### County Dwelling Units Heating with Na tural Gas = 474,292 (Allegheny County) 7 

### State Dwelling Units Heating with Natural Gas = 2,452,941 units 7 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual units dwelling state units dwelling county MMcf year MMcf lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 3604 . 126 2000 1 7666 . 720 , 252 941 , 452 , 2 292 , 474 640 , 237 5 . 5

                    



Summer wor

k weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000783 54 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 126.3604  0.000783 = 0.0989 tons VOC per day



### CO Emissions :47 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual units dwelling state units dwelling county MMcf year MMcf VOC lbs Emissions CO Annual 9846 . 918 2000 1 211 . 969 , 837 , 1 941 , 452 , 2 292 , 474 640 , 237 40

                    


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.000783 54 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 918.9846  0.000783 = 0.7196 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor =0.00526 54 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 918.9 846  0.00526 = 4.8370 tons CO per day 

### Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas : 

###             Units Commercial State Units Commercial County n Consumptio Gas Natural Commercial PA Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lbs/MMcf (million cubic feet)/year 39



### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 100 lbs/M Mcf/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 84 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 0.6 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### PM10 -FIL Emission F

actor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 5.7 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### Pb Emission Factor = 0.0005 lbs/MMcf/year 39 

### Commercial Natural Gas Consumption = 148,346 MMcf 53 

### County Commercial Sector Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2 

### Commonwealth Commercial Sector Facilities = 197,795 2 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual units commercial state units commercial county MMcf yearMMcf lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 8488 . 50 2000 1 5786 . 697 , 101 795 , 197 654 , 24 346 , 148 5 . 5

                    


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emission s  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor =0.00125 55 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 50.8488  0.00125 = 0.0634 tons VOC per day48 

### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual units commercial state units commercial county MMcf year MMcf lbsCO Emissions CO Annual 5997 . 776 2000 1 382 . 199 , 553 , 1 795 , 197 654 , 24 346 , 148 84

                    


Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00125 55 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 776.5997  0.00125 = 0.9683 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emiss ions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor =0.00478 55 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions =776.5997  0.00478 = 3.7121 tons CO per day 

### LPG : Residen tial LPG :



##   

       

  

 Units Dwelling State Burning LPG Units

Dwelling County Burning LPG n Consumptio LPG l Residentia Factor Emission Emissions Annual



### where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 14 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### CO Emission Facto r = 1.9 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 0.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

###  0.54 grains/100 cubic feet = 0.054 lbs/1000 gallons/year PM10 -FIL Emission F

actor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 0.506 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### Residential LPG Sulfur Content = 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet 27 

### Residential LPG Consumption = 157,014,873.6 gallons 25 51 52 

### County Dwelling Units Heating with LPG = 4317 units (Allegheny County) 7 

### Commonwealth Dwelling Units Heating with LP G = 145,254 units 7 

### Residential LPG Consumption Calculation : 25 51 5249 LPG gallons barrel gallons LPG barrels thousand . LPG

barrels thousand day per LPG gallons thousand day

per LPG gallons thousand . LPG barrels thousand . n Consumptio Propane PA n

Consumptio Propane PA n Consumptio LPG l Residentia n Consumptio LPG l Residentia

6 . 873 , 014 , 157 1 42 449 3738 449 . 3738 9 . 765 8 822 92024 3479 2001 2002 ) 2001 ( 2002

      



### Data Sources for Residential L PG Consumption Calculation: 2001 Residential L PG Consumption 25 

### 2002 PA Propane Consumption 51 

### 200 1 PA Propane Consumption 43 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual units dwelling county units dwelling county gallons year gallons lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 1666 . 1 2000 1 2687 . 2333 254 , 145 317 , 4 6 . 873 , 014 , 157 1000 5 . 0

                      


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0 .00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 1.1666  0.00275 = 0.00321 tons VOC per day



### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual units dwelling county units dwelling county gallons year gallons VOC lbs Emissions CO Annual 4332 . 4 2000 1 4209 . 8866 254 , 145 317 , 4 6 . 873 , 014 , 157 1000 9 . 1

                      


Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday al location factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 4.4332  0.00275 = 0.0122 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter w ork weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 4.4332  0.00275 = 0.0122 tons CO per day 

### Commercial/Institutional LPG :50 

##             Units Commercial State Units Commercial County n Consumptio LPG Commercial Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 14 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 1.9 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### SO 2 

### Emission Factor = 0.1 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

###  0.54 grains/100 cubic feet = 0.054 lbs/1000 gallons/year PM10 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM25 -FIL Emission Factor = 0.4 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### PM - CON Emission Factor = 0.506 lbs/1000 gallons/year 39 

### Commercial/Institutional LPG Sulfur Content = 0.54 grains/100 cubic feet 27 

### Commercial LPG Consumption = 1,380,620.1 gallons 25 51 52 

### (computed in the same manner as Residential L PG Consumption above) County Commercial Facilities = 24,654 (Allegheny County) 2 

### Commonwealth C

ommercial Facilities = 197,795 units 2 

### VOC Emissions : 

###  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual units commercial state units commercial county gallons year gallons lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 0430 . 0 2000 1 0431 . 86 795 , 197 654 , 24 1 . 620 , 380 , 1 1000 5 . 0

                      


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation f actor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.0430  0.0028 = 0.000122 tons VOC per day



### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual units commercial state units commercial county gallons year gallons lbsCO Emissions CO Annual 1635 . 0 2000 1 9640 . 326 795 , 197 654 , 24 1 . 620 , 380 , 1 1000 9 . 1

                      


Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work week day allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions = 0.1635  0.0028 = 0.000462 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  wi nter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0028 451

Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 0.1635  0.0028 = 0.000462 tons CO per day 

### OPEN BURNING (5 SCCs) (Residential Municipal Solid Waste Open Burning SCC 2610030000; Residential L eaf Open Burning SCC 2610000100; Residential Brush Open Burning SCC 2610000400; Commercial/Institutional Open Burning SCC 2610020000, Industrial Open Burning SCC 2610010000) Open burning can be done i n open drums or baskets, in fields and yards, and in large open dumps or pits. Materials commonly disposed of in this manner include municipal waste, auto body components, landscape refuse, agricultural field refuse, wood refuse, bulky industrial refuse, and leaves. For emission inventory purposes, Open Burning is divided into five categories: Residential Municipal Solid Waste (MSW); Residential L eaf; Residential Brush; Commercial/Institutional; and Industrial. Criteria pollutant annual emissions associ ated with three of the Residential Open Burning categories (i.e., MSW, L eaf, and Brush) were compiled from an inventory prepared for the Mid Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE - VU). 56 

### Because the MANE - VU estimates were prepared at the Census tract le vel, it was necessary to aggregate these estimates to the county level. In many

cases, it was necessary

to develop a county - level RP value by weighting MANE VU inventory

Census tract level RP values by Census tract emissions. Seasonal emission estimates were calculated from the annual estimates using the temporal allocation profiles developed in the MANE - VU inventory project. Annual emission estimates for Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Open Burning were calculated in this project using AP - 42 emi ssion factors and population and employ ment based emission activity

loading factors. 16 39 

### U.S. Census Bureau population data were used in the Residential and Commercial/Institutional calculations, while the number of Manufacturing employ ees (NAI CS 31 - 33) was used for the Industrial category . The 2001 Manufacturing sector employ ment data from County

Business Patterns 2 

### was grown to 2002 using the ratio of the 2002 Pennsylvania Manufacturing sector employ ment to the 2001 Pennsylvania Manufacturing sector employ ment obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3 

### Seasona l Commercial/Institutional and Industrial emission estimates were developed by applying temporal allocation profiles from EPA’s EMCH to the annual emission estimates. 4 

### Commercial/Institutional and Industrial Open Burning are prohibited in the Commonwealth. An 80 percent RE value was applied to each county ’s Commercial/Institutional and Industrial emissions to reflect less than 100 percent compliance with the burning ban. 57 

### For the Industrial and Commercial s ector source categories, point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. The following provides samples of the emission calculations performed in this effort for each of the five open burning categories. SAMPLE CALCU

LATIONS:52



### Residential MSW

Open Burning : (See MANE
- VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations) 56 

### Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.3823 tons VOC per year Summer work weekda

y VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0021 56 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.3823  0.0021 = 0.0008 tons VOC per day 

### Ann ual PM10
-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 1.6979 tons VOC per year Wi nter work weekday PM10
-PRI emissions = annual PM10
- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0021 56 Wi nter work weekday PM10
- PRI emissions = 1.6979  0.0021 = 7.2489 tons VOC per day 

### Residential Leaf Open Burning : (See MANE
- VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations) 56 

### Because the summer and winter season work weekday allocation factors for leaf burning are 0, summer season work weekday and winter season work weekday emissions are 0. Residential Brush Open Burning : (See MANE
- VU inventory report for discussion of annual emission calculations) 56 

### Annual VOC emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.2263 tons VOC per year Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.0005 56 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.2263  0.0005 = 0.0001 tons VOC per day 

### Annual PM10
-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 0.235 tons VOC per year Wi nter work weekday P

M10 -PRI emissions = annual PM10
- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.0017 56 Wi nter work weekday PM10
- PRI emissions = 0.235  0.0017 = 0.00004 tons VOC per day 

### Commercial/Institutional Open Burning :



##          

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Loading Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: VOC Emission Factor = 30 lbs VOC/ton waste/year 3953 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 6 lbs NO x 

### /ton waste/year 39 

### CO Emission Factor = 85 lbs CO/ton waste/year 39 

### Loading Factor = 24 tons waste/1000 people 39 

### Population = 94,437 people ( Adams County

– th is is non - air basin county) 7 

### CE (Control Efficiency) = 100% 57 

### RP (Rule Penetration) = 100% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 80% 57 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people , people waste tons year waste ton VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 7995 . 6 2000 1 928 . 598 , 13 100 80 100 100 100 100 1 437 94 1000 24 30

        

                    


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 6.79 95  0.00275 = 0.0187 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual people , people waste tons year waste ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 2651 . 19 2000 1 296 . 530 , 38 100 80 100 100 100 100 1 437 94 1000 24 85

        

                    


Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions =19.2651  0.00275 = 0.0530 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 19.2651  0.00275 = 0.0530 tons CO per day 

### Industrial Open Burning :



##          

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Employees Factor Loading Factor Emission Emissions Annual 

### where: Emission Factors are the same as for Commercial/Institutional Open Burning

Loading Factor = 160 tons waste/1000 employees 3954 

### Employees = 8,216 employees ( Adams County

– this is non
- air basin county) 2 3 

### Control Efficiency = 100% 57 

### Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 80% 57 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees employees waste tons year waste ton VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 9437 . 3 2000 1 36 . 7887 100 80 100 100 100 100 1 8216 1000 160 30

        

                      


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 3.9437  0.00275 = 0.0108 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual employees employees waste tons year waste ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 1738 . 11 2000 1 52 . 347 , 22 100 80 100 100 100 100 1 8216 1000 160 85

        

                      



Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions =11.1738  0.00275 = 0.0307 tons CO per da y Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 11.1738  0.00275 = 0.0307 tons CO per day 

### OTHER SPECIAL PURPOSE COATING (SCC 2401200000) This category

includes special purpose coatings used for applications such as maintenance operations at industrial and other facilities, auto refinishing, traffic paints, marine finishes, an d aerosol spray s. Note that this category covers those specific coating processes not already included in other source categories (e.g., High Performance Industrial Maintenance Coatings). Emissions for this category were estimated using a per capita emis sion factor and U.S. Bureau of the Census population data. Each county ’s emissions were calculated per the following sample calculations.55



### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##         

    100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual where: VOC Emission Factor = 0.8 lbs VOC/person/year 16 

### Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7 

### Control Efficiency = 20% 5 

### Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 100% 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people year person VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 3693 . 406 2000 1 56 . 738 , 812 100 100 100 100 100 20 1 904 , 269 , 1 8 . 0

        

            


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 406.3693  0.00356 = 1.4473 tons VOC per day 

### OTHER TRANSPORTATION (SCC 2401085000) This source category

includes the finishing of vehicles and vehicle parts not included in other source categories (note that area source emissions were not estimated for the Motor Vehicle Surface Coating categor

y because all Pennsylvania automobile assembly plants are assumed to be included in the point source inventory ). The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employ ment - based emission factor and employee data fr om NAI CS Codes 33633, 33634, 33635, 333924, 336312, 336322, 336399, 336411, 336413, and 33651. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 us ing the ratio or 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emissi on estimates. Note that emissions for this category

are reported using the Railroad SCC because there is no “Other Transportation” SCC. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees) where: VOC Emission Factor = 35 lbs VOC/employee/year 16 

### Employees = 2556 employees (Allegheny County) 2 356 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 73 . 44 2000 1 460 , 89 2556 35

            



Summer work wee kday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00287 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 44.73  0.00287 = 0.1282 tons VOC per day 

### PESTICIDE APPLICATION (SCC 2461800000) Pesticides, which contain petroleum solvents and sy nthetic organic ingredients, are used to kill or retard the growth of insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or microorganisms. The bulk of pesticide application is asso ciated with agriculture and, therefore, occurs in rural areas. The VOC emissions for each county were estimated using an emission factor based on the number of harvested acres. Harvested acreage data were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’ s National Agricultural Statistics Service. 58 

### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Acres Harvested) where: VOC Emission Factor = 3.5 lbs VOC /acre harvested/year 16 

### Acres Harvested = 10,527.2490 acres harvested (Allegheny County) 58 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual harvested acres year harvested acres VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 4227 . 18 2000 1 3716 . 845 , 36 2490 . 527 , 10 5 . 3

              


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00277 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 18.4227  0.00277 = 0.0510 tons VOC per day 

### PORTABLE GASOLINE CONTAINERS (SCC 2501060300) This category

covers emissions from residential and commercial sector p ortable gasoline containers. This category accounts for permeation, diurnal, transport, spillage, and vapor57



### displacement emissions. Permeation, diurnal, and transport emissions are based on daily gasoline container throughput data. Gasoline throughput f or 2002 was estimated based on gas container population and use data obtained from a California Air Resources Board survey . 59 

### The ye ar 2002 residential container population was estimated from the county - level number of occupied housing units. 60 

### For countie s for which 2002 occupied housing units data were not available, 2000 year housing units data 61 

### were projected to 2002 based on county population growth rates. 7 

### The y ear 2002 commercial container population w as estimated from the number of commercial sector businesses. 62 

### County - level nonroad equipment gasoline consumption estimates were obtained from the NONROAD model. 63 

### County - level y ear 2002 housing unit, commercial facility , and gasoline throughput data w ere then used in the emission calculation procedures described in Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules. 9 

### For the permeation, diurnal, and transport emission processes, these procedures result in daily emission estimates for both residential and commercial. These emissions were converted to annual emissions by multiplying by 214 day s based on the assumption that nonroad equipment is fueled via gas containers p rimarily between April and October. The resulting annual emission estimates were then added to the spillage and vapor displacement annual emissions estimates, which were developed from annual NONROAD model gasoline consumption data, to yield total portabl e gasoline container annual emissions for each county . Summer season work weekday allocation factors were developed from the NONROAD model temporal allocations and applied to the annual emissions estimates to obtain summer season workday emissions. 63 

### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION: For Allegheny County : days 214 Emissions Daily Emissions VOC Transport and Diurnal, , Permeation Annual   

#  where (calculated using Ozone Transport Commission methods): Allegheny Residential Permeation VOC Emissions = 299,065.1043 g/day A llegheny Residential Diurnal VOC Emissions = 2,582,567.049 g/day Allegheny Residential Transport VOC Emissions = 141,733.9079 g/day Allegheny Commercial Permeation VOC Emissions = 41,816.3711 g/day Allegheny Commercial Diurnal VOC Emissions = 408,285.9064 g/day Allegheny Commercial Transport VOC Emissions = 255,584.0428 g/day Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport VOC Emissions = 3,729,052.382 g/day  214 Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport VOC Emissions = 798,017,209.6 g/year Total Annual Emiss ions = Annual Permeation, Diurnal, and Transport Emissions + Annual Spillage Emissions + Annual Vapor Displacement Emissions where: Spillage VOC Emissions = 307,338,392.7 g/year

Vapor Displacement VOC Emissions = 93,509,532.4 g/year58



### Total Annual Emission s = 798,017,209.6 g/year + 307,338,392.7 g/year + 93,509,532.4 g/year Total Annual Emissions = 1,198,865,134.7 g/year  g ton 74 . 184 , 907 1 

### = 1,321.5226 tons/y ear Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allo cation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month proportion  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.3600  0.692/65 = 0.00383 63 Summer work weekday VOC emission s = 1321.5226  0.00383 = 5.0639 tons VOC per day 

### REFRIGERANT LOSSES (SCC 2399010000) This source category

covers industrial refrigerant losses from refrigeration equipment used in such industries as ice cream manufacturing, meat packing plants, ice manufa cturing, and refrigerated warehousing. Losses occur in both the normal use of refrigeration sy stems and during malfunctions. Emissions for each county were estimated using an employ ment - based emission factor 64 , 65 

### and the number of employees in the following NAI CS codes: 311611, 311612, 311613, 311615, 311512 - 311514, 31152, 311411, 311412, 311421 - 311423, 31181, 31132, 31133, 31211 - 31213, 31171, 312113, 311991, 311999, 325211, 49312, 311612, 42281, 42282. The number of employees in each county was obtained from County Business Patterns 66 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the sample calculations be low. SAMPL E NH 3 

### EMI SSI ON CAL CULATI ON: Annual NH

3 

### Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees in Sector) Wh ere: Emission Factor = 30 lbs NH 3

### / employee/ year Employees = 8265 (Allegheny County) 

##   employees year employee NH lbs Eissions NH Annual 8265 / 3 30 3        Annual NH

3 

### Emissions = 247,950 pounds NH 3 

### per year * lbs

ton 2000 1 

### = 123.975 tons NH 3

### / year **PUBLIC OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (3 SCCs)** Public Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are wastewater treatment plants ty pically owned by municipalities. Emissions are calculated for three POTW processes: POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes (SCC 2630020010 ), POTW Biosolids Processes (SCC 2630020020), and Biosolids L and Application (SCC 2630050000). Biosolids are recyclable solid, semisolid, or liquid untreated residue from sewage treatment in a wastewater treatment plant.59



### Although both VOC and NH 3 

### emissio ns result from each of the three processes included in this category , VOC emissions are only estimated for POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes (SCC 2630020010) because of the lack of VOC emission factors for the other processes. Annual NH 3 

### emission estimates were taken from an on - going Mid - Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE - VU) inventory

development project. As part of this Pennsylvania inventory effort, annual VOC emissions were estimated for the POTW Wastewater Treatment Processes category using the MANE - VU project Pennsylvania emission activity data (total POTW flow) and an AP 42 sewage treatment emission factor. 28 

### Summer season work weekday emissions were calculated for each process using a summer season work weekday allocation factor based on EI IP temporal allocation guidance. 1 

### Year 2000 POTW flow data for Pennsylvania facilities were obtained from the EPA Office of Wastewater Management’s year 200 0 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey . 67 

### Year 2002 wastewater flow was estimated from the county population change between 2000 and 2002. 7 

### Year 2000 statewide biosolids generation was obtained from BioCycle 2000. 68 

### Facility - level biosolids production was estimated based on allocating State generation using facility- level wastewater flow rates. Year 2002 biosolids generation was estimated by applying Bureau of Census county population growth rates to y ear 2000 gene ration. 7 

### Land application of total biosolids generation was calculated by

multiplying total generation by 55 percent, which represents the percentage of total Pennsylvania biosolids generation applied to lan d. 68 

### Further information on the annual emission estimation methods for the processes in this category will be available in a forthcoming report prepared for MANE - VU. Where present, point source emissions we re subtracted from the emissions of the corresponding county . Each county ’s emissions were calculated per the following sample calculations. SAMPLE VOC CALCULATIONS:



##    Flow Wastewater County Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual  where: Emission Factor = 8.9 lbs VOC/millions of gallons flow Flow = 75,290.54 million gallons (Allegheny County) 

##  

VOC tons lbs ton lbs Emissions VOC Annual lbs gallons 6 E year gallons million VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual

04 . 335 2000 1 81 . 085 , 670 81 . 085 , 670 54 . 290 , 75 9 . 8



                   



Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor60

Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00385 1 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 335.04  0.00385 = 1.2899 tons VOC per day 

### SAMPL E NH 3 

### CAL CULATI ON:



#   2000

/ EF x G NH3 Emissions NH3 Annual  Wh ere: G = Annual amount of wastewater processed (MMgal) = 75,290 (Allegheny Co.) EF NH3 

### = Ammonia emission fac tor of 0.027 lb/ MMgal (Pechan, 2004a) 64 

### Annual NH

3 

### Emissions = 

##   2000 / 3 027 . 0 290 , 75 NH

lb x MMgal = 1.016415 Tons NH 3 

### RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (7 SCCs) (Fireplaces: Without Inserts SCC 2104008001; Fireplaces: In serts - Cataly tic, non - EPA - certified SCC 2104008002; Fireplaces: Inserts - Non - cataly tic, EPA - certified SCC 2104008003; Fireplaces: Inserts - Cataly tic, EPA - certified SCC 2104008004; Woodstoves - Conventional SCC 2104008010; Woodstoves - Cataly tic SCC 2104008030; and Woodstoves - Non - cataly tic SCC 2104008050) Criteria pollutant annual emissions associated with residential heating with wood were compiled from the 2002 nonpoint source National Emissions Inventory (NEI ). 31 

### The 2002 NEIreports residential wood combustion emissions in seven SCCs, each of which representing a specific combustion equipment ty pe. The NEIreports emissions for the following criteria pollutants: VOC, NO x 

### , CO, SO 2 

### , PM10 - PRI , and PM25 - PRI . The N EIresidential wood combustion emission estimation methodology is based on the national population of each equipment ty pe and an estimate of the amount of wood burned in each ty pe of equipment. The national wood combustion estimates by

equipment ty

pe were then allocated to counties using a number of steps. These steps incorporated information on heating degree day s by climate zone, and the urban/rural designation and number of single - family detached homes in each county . Further details on the annual emi ssion estimation methodology are available in a forthcoming 2002 nonpoint source NEIdocument. 31 

### The majority

of the residential wood combustion emission factors were obtained from EPA's AP 42 document. 39 

### County - level seasonal throughput percentages developed for the 2002 NEI were applied in this effort to estimate winter season work weekday emissions (no residential wood combustion activity

was allocated to summer season mon ths). SAMPLE SEASONAL CALCULATION (FIREPLACES W ITHOUT INSERTS): Annual PM10
-PRI emissions (Allegheny County) = 59.8205 tons VOC per year Wi nter work weekday PM10
-PRI emissions = annual PM10
- PRI emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor 

### Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.004461



### Wi nter work weekday VOC emissions = 59.8205  0.0044 = 0.2632 tons VOC per day **SOLID WASTE INCINERATION (2 SCCs)** (Commercial/Institutional Solid Waste Incineration SCC 2601020000, Industrial Solid Waste In cineration SCC 2601010000) Solid waste may

consist of any

discarded solid materials from commercial or industrial sources. The materials may

be combustible or noncombustible, and are often burned to reduce bulk, unless direct burial is either available or practical. The resulting pollutants for the purpose of this inventory ar e VOC, NO x 

### , and CO. On - site incineration is the confined burning of waste leaves, landscape refuse, or other refuse or rubbish. Slash and large scale agricultural open burning are not included in this emission category . The emissions for each county wer e estimated per the sample calculations below using emission factors and loading factors from AP - 42, population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, and employ ee data from County Business Patterns . Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: Commercial/Institutional Solid W aste Incineration : Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Population) where: VOC Emission Factor = 9.8 lbs VOC/ton waste burned/year39 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 3.7 lbs NO x 

### /ton waste burned/year39 

### CO Emission Factor = 37 lbs CO/ton waste burned/year39 

### Loading Factor = 54 tons/1000 people 39 

### Population = 1,269,904 people (Allegheny County) 7 

### VOC Emissions : 

##  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people , , people waste tons year burned waste ton lbsVOC Emissions VOC Annual 0166 . 336 2000 1 1968 . 033 , 672 904 269 1 1000 54 8 . 9

                    


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work week

day allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 336.0166  0.00275 = 0.9240 tons VOC per day62



### CO Emissions : 

##  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual people , , people waste tons year burned waste ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 6341 . 1268 2000 1 192 . 268 , 537 , 2 904 269 1 1000 54 37

                    


Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emission s  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions =1268.6341  0.00275 = 3.4887 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = ann ual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 1268.6341  0.00275 = 3.4887 tons CO per day 

### Industrial Solid W

aste Incineration : Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Number of Employees) where: Emission Factors are the same as noted above Loading Factor = 560 tons/1000 employees 39 

### Employees = 48,544 employees (Al legheny County) 2 3 

### VOC Emissions : 

###  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual employees 48,544 employees burned waste tons year burned waste ton VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 2047 . 133 2000 1 472 . 409 , 266 1000 560 8 . 9

                      


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor S ummer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 133.2047  0.00275 = 0.3663 tons VOC per day 

### CO Emissions :63 

###  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual employees 48,544 employees burned waste tons year burned waste ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 9158 . 502 2000 1 68 . 831 , 005 , 1 1000 560 37

                      

 Summer work weekday CO emissions = annu al CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Summer work weekday CO emissions =502.9158  0.00275 = 1.3830 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO em issions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00275 4 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 502.9158  0.00275 = 1.3830 tons CO per day 

### STRUCTURE **FIRES (SCC 2810030000)** Building fires can produce short - term emissions of VOC, NO x 

### , CO, and PM. Structure fire emissions were estimated using emission factors, a loading factor, and a default number of fires per capita (note that PM10 - FIL, PM25 - FIL, and PM - CON emission factors were not available). Population data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each county ’s emissions were calculated per the following sample calculations. Annual Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Loading Factor)(Per Capita # of F ires)(Population) where: VOC Emission Factor = 11 lbs VOC/ton material burned/year 16 

### NO x 

### Emission Factor = 1.4 lbs NO x 

### /ton material burned/year 16 

### CO Emission Factor = 60 lbs CO/ton material burned/year 16 

### Loading Factor = 1.15 tons material/fire 69 

### Per Capita Number of Fires = 0.0018 fires/person 70 

### Population = 1,269,904 (Allegheny County) 7 

### VOC Emissions : 

###  
year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people person fires fire material tons year material tons VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 4560 . 14 2000 1 168 . 912 , 28 904 , 269 , 1 0018 . 0 15 . 1 11

                              


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00242771 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 14.4560  0.002427 = 0.03509 tons VOC per day64



### CO Emissions : 

###  
year per CO tons lbs ton year per CO pounds Emissions CO Annual people person fires fire material tons year material ton CO lbs Emissions CO Annual 8514 . 78 2000 1 7342 . 702 , 157 904 , 269 , 1 0018 . 0 15 . 1 60

                              


Summer work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00242771 Summer work weekday CO emissions =7 8.8514  0.002427 = 0.1914 tons CO per day Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = annual CO emissions  winter work weekday allocation factor Wi nter work weekday allocation factor = 0.00312671 Wi nter work weekday CO emissions = 78.8514  0.003126 = 0.2465 tons CO per day 

### TRAFFIC LINE PAINTING (SCC 2401008000) Traffic paints are used to mark pavement in applications such as dividing lines for traffic lanes, parking space markings, crosswalks, and arrows. The mark ings are usually applied by Commonwealth or local highway maintenance crews. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly after application of the marking paint. Each county ’s emissions were calculated per “Alternative Method Three” described in the EI IP emission estimation guidance document for this category . 72 

### The calculation uses a national per capita emission factor based on 2002 data for national traffic paint consumption and U.S. population. Control efficiency , r ule penetration, and rule effectiveness factors were incorporated into the final calculation. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:



##          

     100 100 100 1 RE RP CE Population Factor Usage Capita Per Factor Emission Emissions VOC Annual Population U.S. 2002 n

Consumptio Paint Traffic National 2002 Factor Usage Capita Per  

### National per Capita Usage Factor = 39,397,000 gallons 73

### /288,368,698 people 7 

### National per Capita Usage Factor = 0.1366 gallons/person where: Emission Factor = 3.36 lbs VOC/gallon 72 

### National per Capita Usage Factor = 0.1366 gallons/person Population =1,269,904 (Allegheny County ) 7 

### CE (Control Efficiency) = 20% 5 

### RP (Rule Penetration) = 100%65 

### RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%



###    year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC pounds Emissions VOC Annual people person gallons year gallon VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 1767 . 233 2000 1 4473 . 353 , 466 100 100 100 100 100 20 1 904 , 269 , 1 / 1366 . 0 36 . 3

        

            



Summer work wee kday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00356 9 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 233.1767  0.00356 = 0.8305 tons VOC per day 

### WINERIES (SCC 2302070005) Winery emissions result from the entrainment of ethanol by carbon dioxide during wine fermentation. F actors affecting ethanol emissions are handling techniques, temperature, process equipment design, and fermenting parameters. Other sources of emissions from the wine making process are blending, transferring, racking and storing of the wine. Emissions were determined using 2002 county - level wine production data provided by the Pennsylvania L iquor Control Board (PL CB). 74 

### Because monthly production data were available, these data were used to develop the seasonal allocation factors for this category . Th e emission factors for both red and white wines were obtained from AP - 42. 75 

### Since the emission factors for the two ty pes of wines are different, but wine ty pe production data are no longer available, wine production in the Commonwealth was assumed to be 60 percent white wine and 40 percent red wine. 76 

### Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county ’s emissions were estimated per the following sample calculations. SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Annua l VOC Emissions = (0.6  Wh ite W ine Emission Factor + 0.4  Red W ine Emission Factor)  (2002 Total W ine Production) where: Wh ite W

ine Emission Factor = 1.80873 lbs VOC/1000 gallons white wine/year75 

### Red W ine Emission Factor = 4.6236 lbs VOC/1000 gallons red wine/year75 

### 2002 Total W

ine Production = 8.270 thousand gallons (Adams County) 74 

### 2002 Summer W

ine Production = 3.000 thousand gallons (Adam s County) 74 

### Wh ite W ine Production Factor = 60% of wine produced 76 

### Red W ine Production Factor = 40% of wine produced 7666 

##   year per VOC tons lbs ton year per VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual gallons thousand gallons lbs gallons lbs Emissions VOC Annual 0121 . 0 2000 1 2698 . 24 270 . 8 1000 6236 . 4 4 . 0 1000 80873 . 1 6 . 0

          



  
Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer work weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = summer month wine production/annual wine production  weekday ratio/number of weekdays in summer Summer work weekday allocation factor = 3.000/8.270  0.715/65 = 0.00399 (Adams County) 4 74 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 0.0121  0.00399 = 0.0000484 tons VOC per day 

### WOOD FURNITURE MANUFACTURING (SCC 2401020000) This source category

includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood home or office furniture. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of solvents used in the finish coats and cleanup proced

ures. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracted from these emission estimates. Each county ’s emissions were calculated according to the sample calculations below using a per employ ee emission factor and the number of employees in NAI CS codes 337122, 337127, 337129, 337211, and 337212. The number of employees in each county for 2001 was obtained from County Business Patterns 2 

### and grown to 2002 using the ratio of 2002 total Commonwealth employ ees to 2001 total Commonwealth employ ees obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 3 

### A 30 percent reduction in VOC emissions was assumed based on a RACT - based regulation. 77 

### SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULA TION: Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)(30% Control Efficiency Reduction)67



### where: Emission Factor = 1,311 lbs VOC/employee/year 78 

### Employees = 256 employees (Allegheny County) 2 3 

### Control Efficiency = 30% 77 

### Rule Penetration = 100% Rule Effectiveness = 80% 

##  
year per VOC tons . lbs ton year per VOC pounds . , Emissions VOC Annual employees year employee VOC lbs Emissions VOC Annual 5341 127 2000 1 16 068 255 100 80 100 100 100 30 1 256 1311

        

            


Summer work weekday VOC emissions = annual VOC emissions  summer wo rk weekday allocation factor Summer work weekday allocation factor = 0.00277 4 Summer work weekday VOC emissions = 127.5341  0.00277 = 0.3539 tons VOC per dayA - 1 

## AP **PENDIX A:**  **REFERENCES**
1 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 1, Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001. (Note: Because this inventory wa s prepared prior to November 2005, the Commonw ealth did not apply the rule effectivness guidance found in EPA - 454/P - 05 - 001) 2 U.S . Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns 2001, Pennsylvania , available from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html. 2003 , accessed October 200 3. 3 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics , available from http://www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm , accessed November 2003. 4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Temporal Allocation Data, ” Emissions Modeling Clearinghouse, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/temporal/ , accessed November 2003. 5 63 FR 48848, 1998: Federal Register , "National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Architectural Coatings, Final Rule, Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998. 6 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 

### “ Table 2: 2002 Architectural Coating Shipments,” Current Industrial Reports, Paint and Allied Produc ts: 2002 , available from http://www.census.gov/industry/1/ma325f02.pdf ), accessed October 2003. 7 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “County Population Estimates Data Sets,” av ailable from http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates_dataset.php , accessed November 2003. 8 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, A rea Sources, Chapter 3, Architectural Surface Coating,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, November 1995. 9 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commi ssion Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001. 10 Glen Heilman, Pennsylvania Association of Asphalt Material Applicators, personal communication with Andrea Ramsey, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004. 11 Eastern Resear ch Group, Inc., “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 17, Asphalt Paving (Revised Final),” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001. 12 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Andy Bollman, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003. 13 25 Pa. Code Section 129.64, “Cutback Asphalt Paving,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.64.html , accessed February 2004. 14 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Andy Bollman, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003. 15 Steve Fulk, Pennsylvan ia Association of Asphalt Material Applicators, personal communication with Andrea Ramsey, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February, 2004. 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Volume 1, General Guidance for Stationary Sources , EPA - 450/4 - 91 - 016, May 1991. 17 25 Pa. Code Section 129.75, “ Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing.” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.75.html , accessed January 2004. 18 63 FR 48806, 1998: Federal Register , “National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Automobile R efinish Coatings, Final Rule,” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998. 19 Lucy Adams, Radian Corporation, memorandum to SIP inventory preparers and EPA Regions, “ VOC Emissions from Bakeries ,” prepared under contract to the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Contract No. 68 - D0 - 0125), April 24, 1992. 20 Monthly statewide beer production data from Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, available from http://www.ttb.gov/alcohol/stats/02stats/02beerstats.htm , accessed December 2003. 21 Brew ery emission factor is the sum of individual brewery process emission factors found in Table 4 - 2 of Emission Factor Documentation for AP
- 42 Section 9.12.1: Malt Beverages, Final Report , prepared by Midw est ResearchA - 2

Institute October 1996 and available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/bgdocs/b9s12 - 1.pdf , accessed Febr uary 2004. 22 Brew ery emission factor is the sum of individual brewery process emission factors found in Table 4 - 3 of Emission Factor Documentation for AP
- 42 Section 9.12.1: Malt Beverages, Final Report , prepared by Midw est Research Institute October 1996 and available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/bgdocs/b9s12 - 1.pdf , accessed February 2004. 23 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data: Pennsylvania July
-December 2002 (Volume 107, Numbers 07 - 12), published by National Climatic Data Center, 2003. 24 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Table H40 - House Heating Fuel Type", Census 2000: Summary File 3 , [Data file], March 2003. 25 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data, Pennsylvania , available from www. eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/main_pa.html. 2003 , accessed November 2003. 26 U.S. Department of Energy, E nergy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2002, DOE/EIA - 0584 (2002), 2003 . 27 Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., “Final Summary of the Development and Results of a Methodology for Calculating Area Source Emissions from R esidential Fuel Combustion,” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, September 2002. 28 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Factor Information Retrieval Data System (FIRE) 6.23 , October 2000. 29 63 F R 48819, 1998: Federal Register , “National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Consumer Products, Final Rule,” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998. 30 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volum e III, Area Sources, Chapter 6, Solvent Cleaning,” prepared for the Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, September 1997. 31 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “Documentation for the 2002 Nonpoint Source National Emission Inventory fo r Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants ,” prepared for Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html , (fo rthcoming). 32 Public Research Institute, “Charbroiling Activity Estimation, Draft Report,” prepared for California Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, March 2003. 33 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Pl anning and Standards, “Methods for Developing a National Emission Inventory for Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical Memorandum,” prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., September 2003. 34 BioCycle, 2000. “2000 BioCycle National Survey

– Solid Waste Composting Trends in the U.S.”, BioCycle, November 2000. 35 Eastern Research Group, ““Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” prepared for the Area Sources Committe e, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996. 36 25 Pa. Code Section 129.63, “ Degreasing Operations,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s12 9.63.html , accessed January 2004. 37 Federal Register , “Subpart T

— National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning,” Volume 59, Number 2331, December 2, 1994. 38 The Pennsylvania Dry Cleaners Association disclosed that 1.8 million pounds of VOCs we re emitted in Pennsylvania in 1990 from dry cleaning operations. Emission Factor = Total VOC emitted ÷ Pennsylvania Population = 1.8 million lbs VOC ÷ 11.88 million people (1990 census) = 0.15 lbs VOC/person/year 39 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources , AP - 42, Fifth Edition, January 1995. 40 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “ Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emi ssions Inventory (Version 3.0) for Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia: Area Sources,” prepared for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, March 2003. Available from ftp://ftp.epa.gov/pub/EmisInventory/draftnei99ver3/criteria/documentation/area/ardoc_99nei_draftv3_0303.pdf , accessed February 2004. 41 Stan Piorkow ski, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, personal communication with PJ Disclafani, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 2003.A - 3 42 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 2002 , available from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales/foks.html , accessed November 2003. 43 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, median sulfur content reported in the 1999 National Emissions Inventory, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/c hief/net/1999inventory.html#final3crit , accessed October 2003. 44 Dan Szekeres, Michael Baker Corporation, personal communication with Maureen Mullen, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004. 45 Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, Bureau of Motor Fue l Taxes, “Monthly Report of Gallons” for 2002, provided by Paul Sload, December 2003. 46 25 Pa. Code Section 129.60, “ Bulk Gasoline Plants,” available from http://www.pacode.com/s ecure/data/025/chapter129/s129.60.html , accessed February 2004. 47 25 Pa. Code Section 129.61, “Small Gasoline Storage Tank Control (Stage I Control),” available from http://www. pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.61.html , accessed February 2004. 48 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model,” EPA420 - R - 02 - 028, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Offi ce of Transportation and Air Quality, October 2002. 49 25 Pa. Code Section 129.82. “Control of VOCs from Gasoline Dispensing Facilities (Stage II),” available from http://www.pac ode.com/secure/data/025/chapter129/s129.82.html , accessed February 2004. 50 25 Pa. Code Section 129.59. “ Bulk Gasoline Terminals,” available from http://www.pacode.com/secure/dat a/025/chapter129/s129.59.html , accessed February 2004. 51 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2001 , available from http://tonto.eia.d oe.gov/FTPROOT/petroleum/048701.pdf , accessed November 2003. 52 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2002, available from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/pma.html , accessed November 2003. 53 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Pennsylvania Natural Gas Long Summary,” a vailable from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_sum_lsum_spa_a_d.htm . accessed November 2003. 54 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Pennsylvania Natural Gas Residential Consumption,” available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3010pa2M.htm , accessed November 2003. 55 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “ Natural Gas Deliveries to Commercial Consumers in Pennsylvania,” available from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3020pa2M.htm , accessed November 2003. 56 E.H. Pechan & Associates, In c., “Open Burning in Residential Areas, Emissions Inventory Development Report,” prepared for Mid - Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, January 31, 2004. 57 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Summary of the Methodology Used to Determine Vo latile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen Oxides, and Carbon Monoxide Emissions by Source Type for Calendar Year 1999 in Pennsylvania,” no date reported. 58 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, “Agricultural Statistics Database , Crops County Data,” available from http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb/ , accessed October 2003. 59 California Air Resources Board, Public Meeting to Consider Approval of California’s Portable Gasoline
Container Emissions Inventory , September 1999. 60 U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002 American Community Survey , available from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Profiles/Si ngle/2002/ACS/PA.htm , accessed February 2004. 61 U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 , available from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y& - geo_id=04000US42& - _box_head_nbr=GCT - H6& - ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U& - _lang=en& - redoLog=false& - format=ST - 2& - mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTH6_US9& - _sse=o n , accessed February 2004. 62 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc., MarketPlace CD - ROM, Jan. - Mar., 2002, April 2002. 63 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Draft NONROAD2002a, [Computer software]. Available June 16, 2003 at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonroadmdl.htm . 64 Pechan. Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources

– Draft Report, prepared for the US EPA, Emissions Inventory Improvement Program, prepared by E.H.Pechan &Ass o ciates, Inc. March 2004.A - 4 65 Pechan. Technical Memorandum: MANE
- VU 2002 Ammonia Emissions Inventory for Miscellaneous Sources

– Final, prepared for MARAMA by E.H. Pechan &Associates, Inc. March, 2004. 66 U.S. Department of Commerce, Burea u of the Census, County Business Patterns 2001, Pennsylvania, available from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html. 2003 , accessed October 2003. 67 U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency, “Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2000,” Office of Wastewater Management, available from http://cfpub.epa.gov/cwns/ , accessed December 2003. 68 JG Press, Inc. “2000 Biocycle National Survey

– Solid Waste Composting Trends in the U.S.” BioCycle, Vol. 41 Issue 11, November 2000 . 69 Eastern Research Group, “Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 18, Structure Fires,” prepared for Area Sources Committee, Emis sion Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001. 70 National Fire Protection Association, Fire Loss in the United States During 2002 , September 2003. 71 U.S. Fire Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Fire Data Center, Fire in the Un ited States: 1987- 1996 , August 1999, available from http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fius11th.pdf , accessed December 2003. 72 Eastern Research Group, “Emiss ion Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Area Sources, Chapter 14, Traffic Markings” prepared for Area Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, May 1997. 73 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census , Current Industrial Reports: Paint and Allied Products: 2002 , MA325F(02) - 1, July 2003. 74 Susan Rose, Office of Planning and Policy Management, Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, personal communication with PJ Disclafani, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 200 3. 75 From Table 9.12.2 - 1 of emission factor documentation for AP - 42 Section 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy , October 1995, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/final/c9s12 - 2. pdf , accessed February 2004. 76 Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board figures showing Pennsylvania wine production in 1990. 77 30 Pa.B 2995, 2000: Pennsylvania Bulletin , "Surface Coating Processes," Volume 30, Number 24, Harrisburg, PA, June 10, 2000. 78 “Short List” of AMS SCCs and Emission Factors. July 1992.