IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

TIFFANY BAKER-SAGE,

1 §

§ No. 419, 2018

Respondent Below, §

Appellant, § Court Below: Family Court of the 

§ State of Delaware 

v. §

§ File No. 18-04-1TK

DIVISION OF FAMILY SERVICES, § Petition No. 18-09707

§

Petitioner Below, §

Appellee, §

§

and §

§

OFFICE OF THE CHILD §

ADVOCATE, §

§

Appellee. §

Submitted: January 11, 2019

Decided: February 28, 2019

Before STRINE, Chief Justice; VALIHURA and TRAYNOR, Justices.

O R D E R

(1) This is an appeal from the Family Court’s order of July 13, 2018, 

terminating the parental rights of Tiffany Baker-Sage (“Mother”) in her four-yearold and six-year-old daughters (“the Children”). The parental rights of the 

Children’s father were terminated in the same order and are not at issue in this 

appeal. 

 

1 The Court previously assigned a pseudonym to the appellant. Del. Sup. Ct. R. 7(d). 
2

(2) Mother’s counsel has filed a no-merit brief and a motion to withdraw 

under Rule 26.1(c). Counsel asserts that she made a conscientious review of the 

record and found no arguable claim to raise on appeal. Mother disagrees with her 

counsel’s position and met with counsel on November 9, 2018, to relay her concerns. 

Counsel summarized Mother’s concerns and submitted them as “Appellant’s Points” 

in the brief on appeal. Counsel for the Division of Family Services and for the 

Children’s court-appointed special advocate have responded to the Rule 26.1(c) brief 

and have moved to affirm the Family Court’s judgment.

(3) On November 7, 2016, the Division of Family Services (“DFS”) was 

granted temporary legal custody of the Children on an emergency basis on the 

grounds that Mother and the Children’s father were homeless. With the filing of 

DFS’s dependency and neglect petition on November 8, 2016, the mandated 

hearings ensued.2 At each of the hearings, the Family Court found that the Children 

were dependent and that it was in their best interests to remain in DFS’s care and 

custody. The court also found that DFS had made reasonable efforts to reunify the 

family.

(4) Shortly after the Children were taken into the care and custody of DFS, 

Mother moved to New Jersey and began living in a motel room with a friend. Mother 

 

2 When a child is removed from home by DFS and placed in foster care, the Family Court is 

required to hold hearings at regular intervals under procedures and criteria detailed by statute and 

in the court’s rules. 13 Del. C. § 2514 (Supp. 2019); Del. Fam. Ct. Civ. R. 212–219.
3

gave birth to a baby on June 8, 2017. New Jersey took custody of the baby on June 

13, 2017.

(5) DFS developed a case plan for Mother’s reunification with the 

Children, and New Jersey Child Protective Services (“NJCPS”) developed a case 

plan for Mother’s reunification with the baby. Both plans identified lack of 

appropriate housing and lack of income as major obstacles to reunification as well 

as Mother’s health issues—both physical and mental—and the Children’s special 

needs.

(6) In late February 2018, the Family Court changed the permanency goal 

from reunification to concurrent goals of reunification and termination of parental 

rights and adoption. DFS filed its petition for termination in April 2018, and an 

evidentiary hearing was held on June 19, 2018. Several witnesses testified at the 

hearing, including Mother; Yanely Rosa, Mother’s NJCPS permanency worker; 

Natasha Simms, Mother’s DFS treatment worker; Bridgette George, the Children’s 

foster care treatment coordinator; Beautiful White, the Children’s permanency 

worker; and Ginny Terczak, the Children’s court-appointed special advocate. 

(7) In Delaware, the termination of parental rights is based on a two-step 

statutory analysis.3 First, the Family Court must determine whether there is a 

 

3

Shepherd v. Clemens, 752 A.2d 533, 536–37 (Del. 2000).
4

statutory basis for termination under 13 Del. C. § 1103.4 If the Family Court finds 

a statutory basis for termination, the court must determine, under 13 Del. C. § 772, 

whether severing parental rights is in the best interests of the child.5 It is incumbent 

on the petitioner—DFS in this case—to prove by clear and convincing evidence that 

there is a statutory basis for termination and that the best-interests analysis favors 

termination.6 

(8) In its July 13, 2018 decision, the Family Court found that DFS had 

proved by clear and convincing evidence that Mother was unable or had failed “to 

plan adequately for [the Children’s] needs, health and development” under § 

1103(a)(5).7 The Family Court found that Mother had failed to satisfy a number of 

her case plan requirements for reunification, “including those most necessary to 

provide adequate care for the children, i.e., housing and income.” The record 

supports this finding.

(9) When the statutory basis for termination is failure to plan, there must 

be proof of at least one additional statutory condition8and proof that DFS made bona 

fide reasonable efforts to preserve the family unit.9 In this case, the Family Court 

 

4

Id.

5

See 13 Del. C. § 722(a)(1)–(8) (listing factors to be considered when determining the best 

interests of the child).

6 Powell v. Dep’t of Servs. for Children, Youth & Their Families, 963 A.2d 724, 731 (Del. 2008).

7

13 Del. C. § 1103(a)(5).

8

Id. § 1103(a)(5)(a)(1)–(5) (listing additional conditions).

9

In re Hanks, 553 A.2d 1171, 1179 (Del. 1989).
5

found proof of additional statutory conditions, as follows: (i) the Children had been 

in the custody of DFS for over a year and a half; (ii) there was history of neglect, 

abuse or lack of care of another child, namely Mother’s child who was taken into 

state custody in New Jersey in June 2017; (iii) Mother was not able to assume legal 

and physical custody of the Children and to pay for their support; and (iv) failure to 

terminate Mother’s parental rights will result in continued emotional instability or 

physical risk to the Children.10 The record supports these findings. 

(10) On the reasonableness of DFS’s efforts to reunite the family, the Family 

Court found that DFS developed a case plan with Mother and coordinated with 

NJCPS to provide Mother with the recommended services. Having reviewed the 

record, including the case plan signed by Mother, we agree with these findings and 

with the Family Court’s finding that DFS engaged in reasonable efforts to reunify 

Mother with the Children.

(11) When considering the eight best-interests factors under 13 Del. C. § 

772, the Family Court found that four factors favored termination, one factor slightly 

favored termination, one factor weighed against termination, one factor did not 

apply, and one factor was not relevant. When conducting its best-interests analysis 

the court carefully considered the factors and made factual findings that guided its 

 

10 § 1103(a)(5)(a)(1)–(5).
6

decision that the termination of Mother’s parental rights was in the best interests of 

the Children. The record supports the Family Court’s best-interests findings. 

(12) On appeal, Mother asks us to consider that she completed a key element 

of her case plan in July 2018, after the Family Court issued its termination decision, 

when she received a notice dated July 14, 2018 from the Social Security 

Administration informing her that she would receive a lump-sum payment of nearly 

$16,000.00 and a monthly payment of $757.90 beginning in August 2018. We 

cannot consider the notice as part of this appeal. An appeal is heard on the papers 

and exhibits submitted to the trial court, which did not include the July 14, 2018 

notice from the Social Security Administration.

11

 For the same reason, we also 

cannot consider Mother’s letter from the Camden County Women’s Center 

certifying that she completed a series of domestic violence classes in September 

2018.

(13) In her third claim on appeal, Mother contends that she is able to care 

for the Children in her New Jersey motel room. The Family Court found otherwise, 

however, when it determined that “a motel room with only two beds shared with 

another adult does not provide adequate space to care for two children with special 

needs.” We find no error in the Family Court’s finding. 

 

11 Del. Sup. Ct. R. 9(a); Delaware Elec. Co-op, Inc. v. Duphily, 703 A.2d 1202, 1206–07 (Del. 

1997) (holding that materials not offered into evidence and considered by the trial court are not a 

part of the record on appeal).
7

(14) Finally, Mother contends that DFS petitioned to terminate her parental 

rights to retaliate against her for filing a complaint of official misconduct against a 

DFS employee. The record is devoid of any evidence of retaliation. We find no 

support for Mother’s claim.

(15) On appellate review of a termination of parental rights, we are required 

to consider the facts and the law as well as the inferences and deductions made by 

the Family Court.12 We review legal rulings de novo.

13

 If the Family Court has 

correctly applied the law, our review is limited to abuse of discretion.14 We conduct 

a limited review of the Family Court’s factual findings to assure that they are 

sufficiently supported by the record and are not clearly wrong.15

(16) Having carefully reviewed the parties’ positions and the record on 

appeal, we can discern no abuse of discretion in the Family Court’s factual findings 

and no error in the court’s application of the law to the facts when terminating 

Mother’s parental rights. We therefore conclude that Mother’s appeal is wholly 

without merit and devoid of any arguably appealable issue. We are satisfied that 

Mother’s counsel made a conscientious effort to examine the record and the law and 

properly determined that Mother could not raise a meritorious claim in this appeal.

 

12 Wilson v. Div. of Family Servs., 988 A.2d 435, 439–40 (Del. 2010).

13 Id. at 440.

14 Id.

15 Id.
8

NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Family 

Court is AFFIRMED. The motion to withdraw is moot.

BY THE COURT:

/s/ Karen L. Valihura

Justice