P. 1



# OAR Box 1814 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 24 ) ll-B- 2 Docket Number: 

# A-88-0 2

Printed 11/7/20087:22:07AM

Sheet 24 of 63P. 2 

## A-88-0 2 I - 

### &- z MIDWES T RESEARC H INSTITUT E

450 5 Creedmoo rRoa d Raleigh

. N C 2781 2 Telephon e (919 ) 781-575 0

Date : Marc h6 , 198 6

(Finalize d Jul y

18 , 1986 ) Subject : Sit e Visit—OM I Internationa l Corp .

Chromiu m Electroplatin g NESHA P EP A Contrac t 68-02-3817 ; ESE D Projec t 85/02 a MR I Projec t 7717- K From : Randy

Strait^- r To : Al Vervaer t

ESED/ISB/SS S (MD-13 ) U . S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Researc hTriangl e Park , N.C . 2771 1 I . Purpos e Th e purpos e o f thi s visi t wa s t o gathe r backgroun d informatio n abou t chemica l fume suppressant s an d trivalen t chromiu

m bath s an

d t o obtai n name s o f plant s tha t ma y cooperat e 1 n an EP

A tes t o f UDYLITE ®fume suppressants . II . Plac e an

d Dat e OM I Internationa l Corp . 2144 1 Hoove r Roa d Warren , Michiga n 4808 9 (313 ) 497-910 0 Januar y 7 , 198 6 III . Attendee s OM I Internationa l Corp . Rebecc a Spearot , Environmenta l Service s Joh n Peck , Environmenta l Service s Thoma s Sharpies , Produc t Manage r Richar d Sard , Vice-President , Technolog y Fran k Trinity , Proces s Chemis t - Technica l Service s Laboratorie s Andre w Serocki , Senio r Engineer , Specification s Fran k Dwyer , Senio r Produc t Enginee r U . S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y A l Vervaert , IS BP. 3

Midwes t Researc hInstitut e Randy Strai t IV . Discussio n W e arrive d a t OMI TM a t 11:3 0 a.m . Th e visi t consiste d o f discussion s wit hvariou s company

personne l abou t chemica l fum e suppressant s an

d trivalen t chromiu

m baths . A . Genera l OMI TM Internationa l Corp . supplie s mor e tha n 2 5 percen t o f th e tota l worl d deman d o f electroplatin g an d associated^surfac e finishin g products . Th e company i s a majo r supplie r o f fume suppressant s an d ha s recentl y develope d an

d begu n marketin g a trivalen t chromiu m electroplatin g bath . Th e fum e suppressant s an d trivalen t chromiu

m bat har e markete d unde r th e trademar k UDYLITE ®and/o r individua l produc t trademarks . Th e compan y als o design s complet e chromiu m electroplatin g operation s includin g ai r pollutio n contro l an d wastewate r treatmen t systems . r B . Trivalen t Chromiu m Electroplatin g Th e trivalen t chromiu m electroplatin g bath , TRICROLYTE® , wa s develope d i n 197 8 an d pu t int o productio n i n 1980 . A produc t informatio n shee t fo r TRICROLYTE ®i s presente d i n th e Attachment . OMI TM personne l believ e tha t th e advantage s o f th e trivalen t bat hove r th e conventiona l hexavalen t chromiu

m bat hinclud e an increas e i n productivit y becaus e o f a reductio n i n th e numbe r o f rejecte d part s cause d b y whitewashing , burning , an d poo r coverag e an

d becaus e mor e part s ca n b e plate d o n a rack ; a reductio n i n th e amoun t o f sludg e generate d an d wast e treatmen t costs ; an d almos t complet e eliminatio n o f chromi c aci d mis t generate d a t th e surfac e o f th e bath . Th e platin g bat hconsist s o f severa l components , th e compositio n o f whic har e considere d proprietary . Th e bat htypicall y 1 s operate d a t roo

m temperature . A t a temperatur e greate r tha n 90°F , th e appearanc e o f th e deposi t ma y b e adversel y

affected . Graphit e anode s ar e used . Althoug hhexavalen t chromiu m i s generate d a t th e surfac e o f th e wor k piec e durin g plating , th e hexavalen t chromiu m level s i n th e bat har e maintaine d a t extremel y lo w level s (les s tha n 1 0 part s pe r million ) b y th e additio n o f a reducin g agen t tha t immediatel y reduce s an

y hexavalen t chromiu m presen t t o trivalen t chromium . Th e majo r disadvantag e o f th e trivalen t bat hi s tha t i t produce s a somewha t darke r finis htha n hexavalen t chromiu

m baths . OMI TM estimate s tha t 5 0 percen t o f th e plant s usin g thi s bat har e jo bshop s an d 5 0 percen t ar e captiv e shops . C . Chemica l Fum

e Suppressant s Chromiu m emission s fro

m chromi c aci d electroplatin g bath s occu r becaus e o f th e inefficienc y o f th e platin g process ; onl y abou t 1 5 t o 2 0 percen t o f th e curren t applie d i s actuall y use d t o deposi t chromiu m o nP. 4

th e ite m bein g plate d (cathode) . Thus , 8 0 t o 8 5 percen t o f th e curren t applie d electrolyze s (dissociates ) water , whic hcause s hydroge n ga s t o be liberate d a t th e cathod e an d oxyge n ga s t o be liberate d a t th e anode . Thes e liberate d gase s for m bubble s o f platin g solutio n tha t burs t int o th e ai r a t th e surfac e o f th e platin g bat han d for m a fin e mist . OMI TM produce s an

d market s severa l fume suppressants . Thes e product s inhibi t mistin g b

y reducin g th e surfac e tensio n o f th e platin g bath , b y formin g a foam

blanke t ove r th e platin g bath , o r b y a combinatio n o f th e two . Studie s performe d b y OMI TM an

d othe r investigator s clearl y Indicat e tha t th e quantit y

o f mis t forme d i s directl y proportiona l t o th e surfac e tensio n o f th e platin g bath . A typica l chromi c aci d platin g bat hwil l hav e a surfac e tensio n o f abou t 7 0 dyne s pe r centimeter . However , whe n th e surfac e tensio n i s lowere d t o 4 0 dyne s pe' r centimete r o r less , a substantia l reductio n i n mistin g i s observed . Fum e suppressant s markete d b y OMI TM includ e ZERO-MISTTM , ZERO-MIST TM HT , ZERO-MIST TM HT-2 , an d FOAM-LOK®L . Produc t informatio n sheet s fo r thes e product s ar e als o presente d i n th e Attachment . ZERO-MIST TM wa s develope d i n th e 1940's . I t contain s a fluorcarbo n wettin g agen t tha t reduce s th e surfac e tensio n o f decorativ e platin g an d anodizin g bath s t o decreas e chromi c aci d mistin g an d dragout . Dragout , whic hma y typicall y ru n a t 5 gallon s pe r day pe r 1,00 0 squar e fee t o f plate , ca n be reduce d b y 5 0 percent . ZERO-MIST TM H T (hightemperature ) wa s develope d i n th e 1950's . I t i s als o a surfac e activ e additive ; however , rathe r tha n reducin g surfac e tension , i t form s a 0.5 - t o 1-inc hfoa m blanke t ove r th e surfac e o f decorativ e platin g bath s t o entra p chromi c aci d mist . ZERO MIST TM HT- 2 i s a combinatio n o f th e material s i n ZERO-MIST TM an d ZERO MIST TM HT . I t reduce s surfac e tensio n an d als o form s a foa

m blanke t ove r decorativ e platin g baths . Les s ZERO-MIST TM HT- 2 i s require d t o achiev e th e same leve l o f contro l a s ZERO-MIST TM o r ZERO-MIST TM H T becaus e o f th e synergisti c effect s o f th e two components . Al l thre e product s ar e stabl e an d d o no t decompos e i n chromi c aci d baths . Non e o f thes e product s ar e recommende d fo r us e i n har d chromiu m platin g bath s becaus e the y tend t o aggravat e pittin g cause d b y basi s meta l defects . FOAM-LOK®L wa s develope d i n 196 9 specificall y fo r us e i n bot h decorativ e an

d har d chromiu

m platin g baths . FOAM-LOK®L form s a foa m blanke t ove r th e platin g bat ht o reduc e chromi c aci d mist . A foa m blanke t o f 0.5 - t o 1-inc hthic k i s sufficien t fo r prope r control . However , unlik e ZERO-MIST TM products , FOAM-LOK®L decompose s i n chromi c aci d an d mus t be replenished . Therefore , frequen t addition s o f th e produc t t o th e platin g bat har e necessar y

t o maintai n prope r control . Factor s tha t affec t th e lif e o f th e foa

m blanke t includ e th e reactio n time wit hchromi c add , th e temperatur e o f th e platin g bath , th e amoun t o f dragout , an d th e amoun t o f curren t applie d pe r uni t o f tan k surfac e area . Whe n use d i n har d chromiu m baths , FOAM-LOK®

L doe s no t aggravat e pittin g cause d b y basi s meta l defects . Som e decorativ e plater s us e FOAM-LOK ®L wit hZERO-MIST TM regular . Th e typ e an

d amoun t o f fume suppressant s adde d t o th e platin g bat h t o maintai n effectiv e emissio n contro l var y wit hth e typ e o f platin g operation , amoun t o f platin g time , an d th e surfac e tensio n an d are a o f th eP. 5

platin g bath . OMI TM als o manufacture s decorativ e chromiu m platin g processe s tha t contai n ZERO-MIST TM regular . Thes e solution s includ e th e CROMYLITE ®

K-20 , K-30 , an

d K-5 0 processes . D . Emissio n Captur e an d Contro l System s OMI TM Internationa l design s emissio n captur e system s fo r chromiu m platin g tank s base d o n th e criteri a specifie d 1 n th e America n Nationa l Standard s Institut e publicatio n "Practice s fo r Ventilatio n an d Operatio n o f Open-Surfac e Tanks. " Singl e packed-be d scrubber s (manufacture d b y Dual l Industries ) ar e typicall y use d i n OMI TM designe d system s t o contro l chromiu m emissions . E . Tes t Dat a an

d Candidat e Plant s OMI TM doe s no t hav e an y recen t tes t dat a tha t documen t th e performanc e o f an

y o f it s fume suppressants . Dat a ar e availabl e 1n on e o r mor e paper s presente d b y OMI TM personne l i n th e 1950's . Dr . Spearo t sai d tha t sh e woul d contac t severa l customer s t o as k i f the y woul d consider allowin g EP

A t o tes t th e contro l efficiencie s o f UDYLITE ®fume suppressants . F . Cos t Dat a i n Jul y 198 6 Dollar s Th e cos t o f a TRICROYTE ® bat hrang s fro

m 3 t o 3. 5 cent s pe r squar e foo t o f surfac e are a plated . Th e cos t o f th e UDYLITE ®hexavalen t chromiu m bat hi s 1 cen t pe r squar e foo t o f surfac e are a plate d excludin g th e cos t o f wast e treatmen t an d 1. 5 cent s pe r squar e foo t o f surfac e are a plate d Includin g th e cos t o f wast e treatment . Th e cos t o f UDYLITE ®fume suppressant s ar e a s follows : 1 . ZERO-MIST TM = $25.00/1 b 2 . ZERO-MIST TM H T = $21.00/l b 3 . ZERO-MIST TM HT- 2 = $22.00/l b 4 . FOAM-LOK®

L = $13.00/ga l Attachmen t



# fP. 6

Attachmen t 1

Produc t informatio n sheet s fo r TRICROLYTE® , ZERO-MISTTM , ZERO-MIST TM HT , ZERO-MIST TM HT-2 , an d FOAM-LOK®LP. 7

se n «attj»*--»-ft n nn>fc.gg-*.* « v«^n»w*;«wiia»« i *ws#t->.-r— • • .-^*>*.w-t».y.v--»-*.i . 

# *|g|^^ ^ xiamaatL*-^

- iffi-iigw,-!

—-TTT



## Produc t Informatio n Shee t 

# UDYLIT E TRICROLYT E ®

DESCRIPTION : TRICROLYTE®

i s Udylite' s trivalen t chromiu m platin g proces s tha t help s t o avoi d reject s b y completel y eliminatin g whitewas h an d burning

. TRICROLYT E utilize s th e industry' s lates t i n trivalen t chromiu m platin g technology

. I t bring s yo u importan t advantage s ove rbot h conventiona l hexavalen t chromiu m processe s an d competitiv e trivalen t processes .

FEATURES :
•Increase d platin g productivity

.

Contain s n o hexavalen t chrome

. Reduce d meta l concentration

. Additive s d o no t contain.stron g oxidants

. BENEFITS :
•Prevent s reject s du e t o whitewash , burnin g an d reduce s misplat e (poo rcoverage) ; eliminate s "shields " an d "robbers. " Give s highe rproductio n efficienc y throug h a n increas e i n th e numbe ro f part s o n a rack

. • Tolerate s highe rlevel s o f metalli c contaminatio n tha n existin g trivalen t systems
. • Reduce s chemica l wast e treatmen t an d capita l costs ; eliminate s "bleed-out " staining

. • Produce s muc h less sludge , reduce s disposa l cost
. • Avoid s danger s o f chromi c aci d spray . Simplifie s storage , transportatio n an d handling

.
APPLICATIONS : 1

. Wher e burnin g an d whitewas h ar e significan t problem s (e.g. , wir e goods , furniture , appliance , hardware)

. 2

. An y facilit y needin g assistanc e i n meetin g effluen t and/o rOSH A regulation s du e t o us e o f hexavalen t chromium

. 3

. Wher e color-matchin g problem s ar e a n issue

. 4

. Wher e chromiu m platin g i s th e caus e o f limite d production

.



### Fo r mor e fact s an d figures , CAL L TOLL-FRE E 1-800-521-426 7 TRICROLYT E SOLUTIO N COMPOSITIO N Additive 1 Conductivit

y Salt s Complexo r Index Catalyst PROCES S MAINTENANC E Additive 1 Complexo r Conductivit

y Salt s OPERATIN G CONDITION S p H Temperature Cathod e Curren t Densit y Anod e Curren t Densit

y Tan k Voltag e Agitatio n Specifi c Gravit y Anod e t o Cathod e Rati o Anodes Coolin g Coil s _______^___^__

_ 14.0 % b y volum e 21 0 g/ L (2 8 oz/gal ) 2 8 0: 1 % b y volum e
1 gal/9,000-14,00 0 A H 1 gal/8,000-12,00 0 A H A s require d b

y drag-out . 3. 2 20°-32° C (60 o -90°F ) 10-2 1 A/dm ' (100-20 0 A/ft' ) 45 0 A/dm ' (5 0 A/ft' ) 0-1 8 volt s Ai r o r mechanica l 1.2 5 2: 1 Graphit e (hig h purity) Teflon , Karbate , Thinwal l PV

CP. 8

•SPV" ^ lT-* ' .r '.^^'•^r'f-ri&'

- • - —^ta*^ . **.«...*ti»ti-i,oU i atflibr t -lti'ttHill" - 

# TECHNICA L ) BULLETI N

CR Z 

## ZERO-MIST

TM I N DECORATIV E CHROMIU M PLATIN G SOLUTION S

INTRODUCTIO N ZERO-MIS

T i s a completel y stable surfac e active additiv

e fo r chromiu m platin g baths . ZERO-MIS

T reduces th e mistan

d spra y fro m chromiu

m platin g baths t o zero . ZERO-MIS T is remove

d fro m chromiu

m platin g bath s onl y by drag-out

. ZERO-MIS

T is no tdestroyed o

r broke n dow n b y th e mostconcentrated boiling chromi

c aci d solutions . Iti s therefor

e possible t o concentrat

e th e contents o

f chromi c aci d drag-ou t rinse s by boiling , i

f desired , withoutan

y effectwhatsoeve

ro n th e ZERO-MIS

T present. ZERO-MIS

T i s no t affected b y th e highestanode o r cathod e curren

tdensities usabl

e i n chromiu

m plating . Because o

f it s extreme stability , ZERO-MIS T i s ver y eas y t o maintai

n i n th e bath . It

s contro l i s ver

y simple . ZERO-MIS

T save s th e chromic acid usuall

y los ta s mis tan d spray . These losse s ca

n amoun tt o 40 % o

f th e chromi

c aci d use d in a chromiu

m plating operation . Becaus e ZERO-MIS

T lower s th e surfac

e tensio n o

f a chromiu

m platin g bat h t o a ver

y lo w valu

e (2 8 t o 3 2 dynes/cm) , suc h a chromiu

m solutio n run

s of f th e wor k ver y rapidl y an d onl y a ver

y thin fil m i s lef to n th e wor

k whe n i ti s withdraw

n fro m th e chromiu

m platin g bath . This no tonl y tend s t o minimize chromiu m staining but , eve

n mor e important, dragou

tlosses of chromiu m plating solutio n ar

e reduce d u p t o 50% . This make

s mor e economica

l the use o

f chromiu m baths contain in g o n th e orde

ro f 4 0 t o 5 0 oz/ga

l (300-37 5 g/1) o

f chromi c acid , whic

h is preferre

d b y many, an

d a tth e sam e time decrease

s wast e disposa l problems .


### DIRECTION S FO R US

E O F ZERO-MIS T The concentratio n of

ZERO-MIS

T whic h mus tbe use d forth e complet

e suppressio

n o f mis tan d spra y varie s wit h th e temperatur

e o f th e bath , especially its surfac e temperature . Wit

h lowerbat

h temperatures , lowerconcentrations of

ZERO-MIS

T ca n b e used . I

ti s therefor

e mos teconomica

l fro m the standpoin

to f initia l make-u p concentratio n t o use chromiu m platin g bat h temperature

s no thighe

rtha n abou t10 5 F (40C) . Origina l Addition s Forcomplet

e suppressio

n o f mis twhe n operatin

g a t105 F (40C) , ad

d 3 lbs . o

f ZERO-MIS

T tablet s directly t o eac

h 10 0 gallon

s of chromiu m platin g solutio n (3. 6 g/1) . This initia l addition should b e mad

e i n fourapproximatel

y equa l part s wit h abou ttw o hour

s of operation between each . This i s merel y t o avoi d excessive foa

m a tth e start. Onl

y gentle stirring , i

f any , i s necessar

y because of

th e natur e of th e tablets . They wil l firs tsin k t o th e bottom , then i

n a fe w minutes rise t o th e surfac e an d ga s unti l completely dissolved . Afte

rth e lastaddition ha

s bee n made , a thin foa

m blanke twil l for m o n th e surfac

e o f th e chromiu m plating solutio n durin

g plating . This thin foa

m blanke tform s ver y shortly afterplatin

g com mences . This foa

m blanke twil l no tbecome excessively thick , an d itwil l collaps e rapidl

y whe n platin g ceases .

T.M . Trad * Mar k

o f Oxy Meta l Finishin g Corporatio n 

# 7P. 9

I f th e chromiu m bat

h i s t o b e operate d belo w 105 F (40C) , considerabl y les s ZERO-MIS T i s needed . A t temperature s muc h abov e 105 F (40C) , mor e tha n 3 lbs/10 0 gallon s (3. 6 g/1 ) wil l b e neede d fo r complet e suppressio n o f

mist . In suc h case s th e us e o f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 shoul d b e considere d becaus e o f it s ability t o functio n a thighe rtemperatures .

Maintenanc e Th e onl y requiremen tfo rcomplet e suppressio n o f mis tan d spray i s t o have presen tin th e chromiu m platin g solutio n a sufficien tconcentratio n o f ZERO-MIS T t o maintai n a thi n foa m blanke tduring plating . Th e tw o cardina

l factor s fo rmaintainin g thi s thi n foa m blanke tan d th e complet e suppressio n o f mis tar e (1 ) th e surfac e tensio n o f th e bath , whic h i s a measure o f th e concentratio n o f

ZERO-MIS T present , an d (2 ) th e contro l o f

bath temperature . Fo roperatio n a t105 F (40C) , th e surfac e tensio n o f th e chromiu m platin g bat h shoul d b e maintaine d betwee n 2 8 t o 3 2 dynes/cm , as determine d b y th e stalagmomete r method . (Se e Udylit e Technica l Bulleti n CRZ-A) . Highe r bat h temperature s require highe rconcentration s o f ZERO-MIS T and correspondingl y lowe rsurfac e tensio n value s fo r complet e suppressio n o f mis tand spray .
While a thi n foa m blanke ti s necessar y fo rcomplet e suppressio n o f mis tan d spray , a concentratio n o f ZERO-MIS T somewha tles s tha n tha trequire d t o form a thi n complet e foa m blanke twil l tremendousl y reduc e th e mis tan d spray , a s wel l as th e drag-out . Thi s conditio n exist s a tsurfac e tensio n value s fro m 3 2 t o 3 5 dynes/cm . Operatio n i n thi s range i s suggeste d i f fo r an y reaso n a foa m blanke ti s undersirabl e o rfo r econom y o f

operatio n a ttemperature s abov e 11 0 t o 115 F (43—46C) .

I tshoul d b e note d tha ta chromiu m solutio n whe n standin g idl e has a n odo r simila rt o tha to f ozone . Thi s odo rwil l no tb e eliminate d b y ZERO-MIS T bu ti twil l no tb e notice d excep ti n cas e o f blowe r stoppage . Thi s als o applie s t o th e odo ro f hydrofluori c aci d fro m chromiu m platin g bath s containin g fluorides . Similarly , odor s cause d b y impingemen to f powerfu l spray rinse s o n work covere d with a thi n fil m o f chromiu m platin g solutio n ca n b e mistake n fo rfume s fro m th e platin g tank .
Sinc e ZERO-MIS T i s los tonl y b y drag-out , i ti s economica l i n hois tan d han d operate d installation s t o allo w reasonabl e drainag e tim e (1 0 t o 1 5 seconds ) afte r removin g th e work fro m th e chromiu m platin g tank befor e transferrin g i tt o a rins e tank . Maintenanc e addition s o f ZERO-MIS T t o replac e materia l los tb y drag-ou tordinaril y nee d t o b e mad e onl y tw o t o fou r time s per month , dependin g onl y o n th e rat e o f drag-out . I

f n o drag-ou toccurs , the n th e concentratio n o f ZERO-MIS T stay s constant . Whe n a n additio n i s necessary , 1/ 3 lb . o f

ZERO-MIS T per10 0 gallon s (0. 4 g/1 ) o r approximatel y 1/1 0 o f th e original additio n i s suggested .

I f th e drag-ou ti s unavoidabl y high , i ti s mor e economica l i n th e lon g run t o mak e dail y addition s o f ZERO-MIS T rathe rtha n t o permi tit s concentratio n t o becom e deplete d t o a valu e requirin g a large addition . Fo rapplication s involvin g high drag-out , th e us e o f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 may b e more economica l becaus e o f

th e muc h lowe rconcentratio n required .
PRECAUTIO N • Th e presenc e o f oi l o rgreas e o n th e surfac e o f a chromiu m platin g bat h make s i t difficul tt o maintai n th e desirabl e thi n foa m blanke tdurin g plating . Fo r complet e suppressio n o f mist , a thi n foa m blanke tshoul d b e maintaine d durin g th e platin g operation .P.1 0

Har d Chromiu m
Soni e surfac e activ e additive s suc h as ZERO-MIST , whe n use d i n har d chromiu m platin g solutions , ten d t o aggravat

e pittin g cause d b y basi s meta l defects . Cautio n i s therefor e recommended , especiall y in con nectio n with deposit s mor e tha n 0. 5 mil thic k (12. 7 microns) . I n mos tcase s Udylite'sFOAM-LOK TM
- H C i s recommende d fo r spray and mis tsupressio n i n har d chromiu m platin g solutions . Consul tyou rUdylit e o r Ox y Meta l Finishin g representativ e fo radditiona l information .

WARNING : ZERO-MIS T COMPOUND S MA Y CAUS E IRRITATION . AVOI D CONTAC T WIT H SKI N O R EYES . D O NO T TAK E INTERNALLY . IN CAS E O F CONTACT , FLUS H EXPOSE D ARE A WIT H CLEA N COL D WATER . I N CAS E O F INJURY , CONSUL T A PHYSICIAN . WHE N MAKIN G ADDITION S O F ZERO-MIS T COMPOUNDS , AVOI D SPLASHIN G O F TH E CHROMIU M SOLUTIO N WHICH.CA N CAUS E BURNS .

T.M.—Trad a Mar k

of Ox y Meta l Finishin g Corporatio n 

# fP.1 1

Although the information presented herein is to the best

of ourknowledge true and accurate, no warranty orguarantee, expressed orimplied, is made regarding the information orthe performance of anv product. We assume no liability forincidental, consequential ordirect damages of

any kind, no matt-erwhat the cause, including negligence. Nothing contained herein shall

be construed

as a recommendation to use a product in infringement

of any existing patent, and we assume no responsibility orliability foroperations which do infringe any such patents. The above includes confidential and proprietary information of the Udylite Company, and

is furnished

to you foryour

use solely un products orprocesses supplied by. us to you.

This bulletin is a revision of that dated 7/1/70, which Bulletin CRZ 2.5M

Issued: 6-73 

# Th

e 

# U U U I llE

compan y
Detroi t • J Michiga n 4«2S 4 

# OM I ,0 N
OM I INTERNATIONA L CORPORATIO N Th e informatio n herei n Is Provide d b y OM, I """rnatlona i Corporatio n whic h has n o afflnatio n wit h Occidenta l Petroleu m Corporatio n o r an y o f It s subsidiaries .

/£>P.1 2

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# 1 1 1 ;• • 

# TECHNICA L

• i . . i 

# BULLETI N

-t- —i l<ct*i(r.'Si-;-»*T|------;->--i- > 

### ZM- A 

## ZERO-MIST TM I N SULFURI

C AN D CHROMI C ACI D ANODIZIN G SOLUTION S

INTRODUCTIO N ZERO-MIS

T i s a completel y stabl e surfac e active additiv

e forconventiona

l anodizing baths . ZERO-MIS T reduce s th e mis tan d spra y t o a leve

l wel l below tha

twhic h is achieve

d by mostconventiona

l ventilating systems . ZERO-MIS

T i s remove

d fro m anodizing baths only b y drag-out

. ZERO-MIS

T i s no tdestroyed o

r broke n dow n durin g electrolysis . ZERO-MIS T ha s no know

n advers e effecto n th e physica

l characteristic

s o f th e anodic coating . I

n fact , lowering th e surfac e tensio n o

f a n anodizing bat

h ha s bee n show n t o improv

e th e distribution o

f th e anodic coating i

n dee p crevices . ZERO-MIS

T i s no taffected by th e highes tanode o r cathod e curren

tdensitie s usabl

e i n eithersulfuri

c o rchromi c aci d anodizing . Because o

f its extreme stability , ZERO-MIS

T i s easy t o maintai

n i n th e bath . Its control i s ver y simple . ZERO-MIS

T prevent s corrosiv e mistan d spra y fro m entering an

d attacking th e ventilating system an d improve s workin g con ditions . Because ZERO-MIS T lower s th e surfac

e tensio n o

f a n anodizing bath , suc

h a n anodizing solutio n run s of f th e wor k ver y rapidl y an d onl y a ver

y thin fil m i s lef to n th e wor

k whe n iti s transferre

d t o subsequen

toperations . This no tonl y tend s t o minimize rinsin g problem

s but , eve n mor e important, tend s t o reduc e harmfu l variation s in th e p H o f th e dyeing and/o rsealin

g solution s cause

d b y drag-i n o f anodizing solution . ZERO-MIST

, correctly use

d in a n anodizing solution , minimizes difficult y fro m draft s o rcros s current s o f ai rblowing aci

d mis tinto th e atmospher

e o f th e anodizin

g area, a faultparticularl

y common to wide anodizing tank

s whic h ar e difficultt o ventilat

e properly , a

s wel l a s tank s of norma l widt h located nea

r open window

s o rdoors . 

### DIRECTION S FO R US E O F ZERO-MIS T Th e concentration o

f ZERO-MIS

T whic h mus tb e use d foroptimu

m suppression o

f mis tan d spra y varie s t o a limited exten twit

h th e surfac

e are a an d dept h o f th e anodizing tan

k an d th e siz e o

f th e tan k loa d i n compariso n t o th e volume of

th e anodizing solution . Experienc e indicates tha

ta n origina l addition o

f 1 to 1-1/ 2 pounds of

ZERO-MIS

T foreac h 1,00 0 gallon

s (0.12-0.1 8 g/1) o

f anodizing solutio n is sufficien tt o obtai n th e desire

d suppressiv

e effect . This initia

l addition ca

n b e mad e directly t o th e tan

k wit h th e ai r agitation on . The ZERO-MIS T tablet s wil l firs tsin k t o th e bottom , an

d within a fe

w minutes they wil

l rise t o th e surfac

e an d ga s until completely dissolved . Whe n a loa d o f part s is inserte

d into th e tank, thin patche s of foa m ma y appea ro n th e solutio n surface . This foa m wil l hav e n o effecto n th e surfac

e conditio n o f th e loa d eithe rwhe

n i ti s inserte

d o rremoved . These patche

s o f foa m wil l no tbecome excessively thick , an d will collaps e whe

n anodizing ceases . Maintenanc e Maintenanc

e additions o

f ZERO-MIS

T tablet s ar e require d only whe

n th e fume

s rise t o a nuisanc

e value , an d become noticeabl e t o th e operator. AnotherMethod fordeterminin g th e nee d fora n addition i s to hold a piece o f suitable pape

r(plai n whit e pape rforchromi

c aci d solutions , o

rblue litmus pape

rforsulfuri

c aci d solutions ) tw o o

rthree inches (5—7.6 cm) abov

e th e surfac

e o f th e solution . Th

e appearanc

e o f a n appreciabl

e numbe ro f spot s on th e pape rindicates th e nee

d fora n addition .
T.M . Trad * Mar k

o f Oxy Mata i Finishin g Corporatio n / /P.1 3

I f desired , ZERO-MIS

T ma y b e controlled b y measurin g th e surfac

e tensio n of

th e solutio n wit

h a stalagmometer. Whe n a n addition o

f ZERO-MIS

T is indicated , a quantit

y o n th e orde

ro f one-tent h o f the origina

l additio n usuall y suffices . I n anodizin

g facilitie s wher

e itis th e practic

e t o withdra

w an d replac e portions o

f th e anodizin

g bat h fo r th e purpos

e o f keepin g th e aluminu

m concentration unde

rcontrol , additiona

l ZERO-MIS

T wil l b e require d i n proportion to th e amoun to f solutio n withdrawn.

WARNING : ZERO-MIS

T COMPOUND

S MA Y CAUS E IRRITATION. AVOI

D CONTAC

T WIT H SKI N O R EYES . D O NO T TAK E INTERNALLY. I

N CAS E O F CONTACT

, FLUS H EXPOSE

D ARE A WIT H CLEA N COL D WATER

. I N CAS E O F INJURY , CONSUL

T A PHYSICIAN

. WHE N MAKIN

G ADDITION

S O F ZERO-MIS

T COMPOUNDS, AVOI

D SPLASHIN

G O F TH E CHROMIU

M O RSULFURIC ACI

D SOLUTIO N WHIC H CA N CAUS E BURNS .

Although the information presented herein is to the best

of our knowledge true and

accurate, no warranty or

guarantee, expressed

or implied, is made regarding the information or the performance of

any product. We assume no liability for incidental, consequential or direct damages of

any kind, no matter

what the cause, including negligence. Nothing contained herein shall

be construed

as a recommendation to use. a product in infringement

of any existing patent, and we assume no responsibility or liability for

operations which do infringe any such patents. The above includes confidential and proprietary information of the Udylite Company, and

is furnished

to you for

your use solely on products or processes supplied

by us to you.

Th e 

# Udylit e
Detroi t mJ

Michiga n *•: Compan y Michiga n W23 4

This bulletin is a revision of that dated 5/28/70, which u Bulletin ZM-A 2.5M

Issued: 6-73 

# om OM I INTERNATIONA L CORPORATIO N T h e information . her.lrH . prov.dec i by^MMnttrnjjtjona . g?t^S\l?£orroV C .t.oror n
. 0 ny a oT , ilV , . 0 ub..d..r. M . 

### N

&P.1 4

! * ' 

# TECHNICA L BULLETI N

•^--(- r r v;-**T-r*.v^j*--*-^ a p ^ l>S K,, ,

._- - '

. • --. . ~S!*. CO U T 

## ZERO-MIST

TM H T FO R CHROMIU M PLATIN G SOLUTION S

INTRODUCTIO N ZERO-MIS

T H T i s a completel y stable , powerfu l surfac e activ e additiv e forchromiu

m platin g baths . ZERO-MIS

T H T wil l produc e a foa m blanke to n a n operatin

g chromiu m platin g bat h tha twil l reduc e th e mis tan d spra y t o zer o regardles

s o f th e operatin

g temperatur

e o f th e chromiu

m solutio n bein

g used . ZERO-MIS

T H T i s remove

d fro m chromiu

m platin g solution s only by drag-ou to rlos s into exhaustducts. * It s lo w concentratio n make s its use economica

l eve n whe n drag-ou ti s unavoidabl

y ver y high . ZERO-MIS

T H T i s notdestroyed by th e mostconcentrated boiling chromi c aci d solution , no

ri s i taffected b

y th e highes tanode orcathod e curren tdensities usabl

e i n chromiu

m plating . ZERO-MIS

T H T is ver y eas y t o maintai n i n th e bat h an d its control i s simple . -"NOTE: Appreciable concentrations o f alkal i meta l ions , especially potassium , presen ti n certai n type s o f chromiu m plating baths , tend t o reduc e th e solubilit

y o f th e surfac

e active compound o

f ZERO-MIS

T HT , thereb y limiting its effectivenes s in reducin g mis tan d spray . 

### DIRECTION S FO R US

E O F ZERO-MIST H

T Origina l Additio n The amoun

to f ZERO-MIS

T H T t o b e use

d wil l var y wit h th e surfac

e are a o f th e solution , th e curren

t applie d t o th e tan

k an d t o a smal

l degre e th e concentration o

f chromi c acid . Generally , th e amoun tto b e use d wil l var y fro m 1. 0 t o 2. 0 pounds pe rTHOUSAN

D GALLON

S of chromiu m platin g solutio n (0.12—0.24 g/1) . Mos

tinstallations wil

l requir e 1-1/ 2 pounds pe

r100 0 gallon

s (0.1 8 g/1) . I

tis mos timportan ttha tenoug h ZERO-MIS

T H T b e adde

d s o tha twhe n th e tan k is i n use a foa

m blanke t1/2 " to 1 " (1.3—2. 5 cm) i

n thicknes s b e forme

d ove rth e entir

e surfac e o f th e tank . I

n case s wher e the surfac

e o f the solutio n i s unusuall

y large, o ronl y a portio n o

f th e tan k i s bein g use d a trelatively low curren

tvalues , one cannotexpecta foa

m blanke tt o cove rth e entir

e surfac e o f th e solutio n i

f th e concentration o

f ZEROMIS T H T recommende

d abov e i s used . I

n thes e cases , th e concentratio n o f ZERO-MIS

T H T mus tb e increase d t o 3 o r4 pounds pe

r100 0 gallon

s (0.36—0.4 8 g/1) . I

n fact , i n certai n case s itis economica

l t o operat e somewha

tabov e 1-1/ 2 pounds pe

r100 0 gallon

s (0.1 8 g/1) t o th e exten ttha tth e additiona

l foa m blanke tca n b e tolerated . Unde

rthes e conditions , th e ZERO-MIS T H T last s longe rtha n ca n be accounted forby th e actua

l increase i n materia

l added . To o muc

h ZERO-MIS

T H T ca n caus e over-foamin

g wit h attendan ttrappin g o f hydroge n an d oxyge n whic

h ma y explod e i

f sparkin g occurs . However

, because o

f th e unusua l comparativel

y dr y natur e o f th e foa m forme d b y ZERO-MIS

T HT , thi s tendenc

y is muc h less tha n whe n ordinar y foamin g agent s ar e used . Generally , i ti s suggeste

d tha t3/4 pounds o

f ZERO-MIS

T H T be adde d pe r100 0 gallon

s o f chromiu m platin g solutio n (0.0 9 g/1) an

d curren tpasse d throug h th e tan k a twha ti s considere

d a norma

l value . N o foa m blanke twil l for m unles s th e curren

ti s turne d o n and , whe

n th e curren

ti s turne d off , th e foa m wil l subside . Th

e ZERO-MIS

T H T tablet s should b e distribute

d uniforml

y ove rth e surfac

e o f th e solutio n an

d th e bat h i s read y foroperation a

s soo n a s th e tablet

s hav e dissolved . Th

e prope rfoa m blanket, 1/2 " to 1 " (1.3—2. 5 cm) thick , should cove rth e surfac

e o f th e solution . A table

tliberates ga

s while dissolving an

d wil l a tfirs tsin k t o th e botto m of

th e tank. Whe

n partiall y dissolved , th e tabletwil l ris e t o th e surfac

e p f th e solutio n an

d continu e gassin

g until completely dissolved . Entrapmen to f th e tablet

s i n sludg e on the tan

k

T.M . Trad e Mar k

of Oxy-Mata l Finishin g Corporatio n 

### / JP.1 5

botto m may preven tthe m fro m dissolvin g completely , an d occasiona l stirrin g (durin g idl e periods ) wil l remed y this . I

f th e foam.blanke ti s les s tha n th e desire d thickness , additiona l increment s o f 1/ 2 poun d o f ZERO-MIS T HT per 100 0 gallon s (0.0 6 g/1 ) shoul d b e adde d unti l a prope r foa m blanke ti s formed . I f th e concentratio n o f

chromi c aci d i n th e chromiu m platin g solutio n i s unusuall y hig h [ove r 5 5 oz/gal . (412. 5 g/1)] , i tmay b e necessary t o us e more tha n 2. 0 pound s o f ZERO-MIS T H

T per 100 0 gallon s (0.2 4 g/1 ) o f solutio n t o obtai n a satisfactor y foa m blanket . Maintenanc e Sinc e ZERO-MIS T HT i s stabl e t o all condition s i n th e chromiu m platin g solution , i tcan b e remove d onl y b y drag-ou tan d los s o f foa m —tha tis , los s o f foa m clingin g t o th e wor k bein g processe d an d foam bein g carried awa y throug h th e ventilatin g syste m i n case s wher e th e solutio n level i s to o clos e t o th e ventilatio n duct s o r draf tboxes . Lik e al l surfac e activ e agents , ZERO-MIS T H T i s highl y concentrate d i n th e foam . Therefore , an y step s take n t o reduc e th e los s o f foa m wil l reduc e consumptio n o f ZERO-MIS T HT . Thes e step s may includ e raisin g draf tboxe s o r throttlin g dow n th e ventilatio n syste m t o avoi d los s o f foa m throug h draf

tboxe s an d us e o f

ai rjet s atexi tpoint s o n ful l automatic s t o swee p foam away fro m exi t point . Sufficien tZERO-MIS T HT shoul d b e adde d t o maintai n a continuou s foa m blanke t1/2 " t o 1 " thic k (1.3—2. 5 cm) . Whe

n th e foa m blanke tappears t o b e insufficient , a n additio n o f

2 ounce s per 1,00 0 gallon s (0.0 2 g/1 ) i s suggested . Th e frequenc y o f suc h addition s wil l depen d almos tentirel y o n th e dragou tas state d above . Frequen tsmal l addition s are preferabl e t o larger one s a tgreate r tim e intervals . Contro l o f th e foam b y observatio n i s relativel y simpl e and a littl e experienc e wil l soo n guid e th e operato rregardin g addition s fo reac h installation . I f ZERO-MIS T H T i s producin g a satisfactor y blanke twhe n th e tan k i s shu tdown , i twil l no tb e necessary t o ad d mor e whe n startin g up again , regardles s o f tim e interval , sinc e ZERO-MIS T H T i s com pletel y stable . Har d Chromiu m Mos tsurfac e activ e agent s i n har d chromiu m platin g solution s ten d t o aggravat e pittin g cause d b y basi s meta l defects . Whil e ZERO-MIS T H T has exhibite d thi s tendenc y t o a n appreciabl y lesse r degre e tha n othe r surfac e activ e materials , cautio n i s recommended , especiall y i n connectio n wit h deposit s more tha n 0. 5 mil thic k (12. 7 microns) . T M Fo rmos thar

d chrom e platin g solution s Udylite' s FOAM-LO KH C i s preferre d fo r mis tan d spra y supression . Consul tyou rUdylit e o r Ox y Meta l Finishin g representativ e fo r additiona l information . WARNING : ZER O MIS T COMPOUND S MA Y CAUSE'IRRITATION . AVOI D CONTAC T WIT H SKIN O R EYES . D O NO T TAKE INTERNALLY . I N CAS E O F CONTAC T FLUS H EXPOSE D ARE A WIT H CLEA N COLD WATER . I N CAS E O F INJURY CONSUL T A PHYSICIAN . WHE N MAKIN G ADDITIO N O F ZERO-MIS T COMPOUND S AVOI D SPLASHIN G O F THE CHROMIU M SOLUTIO N WHIC

H CA N CAUS E BURNS . Although the information presented herein is to the best

of our knowledge true and

accurate, no warranty orguarantee, expressed orimplied, is made regarding the information orthe performance of any product. We assume no liability forincidental, consequential ordirect damages of

any kind, no matterwhat the cause, including negligence. Nothing contained herein shall

be construed

as a recommendation to use a product in infringement

of any existing patent, and we assume no responsibility orliability foroperations which do infringe any such patents. The above includes confidential and proprietary information of the Udylite Company, and

is furnished

to you foryouruse solely on products or processes supplied

by us to you.
^ e I lllllllll- " Compan y



# Udylit e Detroi t •— i Michiga n 4a : Detroi t •— i Michiga n M23 4 ntvt-^iO N O F 

# OM I r,0 N This bulletin is a revision of that dated 7/10/70 whu OM I INTERNATIONA

L CORPORATIO

N Th e Informatio n herei n I s provide d b y OM I Internationa l

„ „ .. . , , Corporatio n whic h has n o affiliatio n wit h Occidenta l , , Bulletin CR-HT 2.5M Issued: 6-73 Petroleu mCorporatio n o r an y of It s subsidiaries . /jfP.1 6

. !
i i i i i

-i—i— r 

# TECHNICA L BULLETI N

- I -I -


### CR-HT- 2


## INSTRUCTION S FO R TH E US E O F ZERO-MISTTM HT- 2 I N DECORATIV E CHROMIU M PLATIN G BATH S
INTRODUCTIO N ZERO-MIS

T HT-2 i s a combination o f th e material

s found i n ZERO-MIS

T an d ZERO-MIS

T HT . Thes e powerfu l surfac e active additives ar

e completely stable throughou tth e ful l rang e o f operatin g temperature

s normall y employed i

n decorativ

e chromiu

m plating . ZERO-MIS

T HT- 2 functions to it

s fullestexten ti

n bot h reducin g th e surfac

e tensio n of

th e chromiu

m solutio n as wel

l a s producin

g a dense foa

m blanket. I

ti n no wa y affect s th e catalys trelationship i n chromiu m solution s employing sulfat e o rothertype s of

proprietar y catalysts. * •Appreciable concentrations o f alkal i meta l ions , especially Potassium , presen ti n certai n type s o f chro miu m plating baths , tend t o reduc e th e solubilit

y of th e surfac

e active component

s o f ZERO-MIS

T HT-2 , thereby limiting its effectivenes s i n reducin g mis tan d spray . ZERO-MIS

T HT- 2 i s los tfro

m th e chromiu

m plating solutio n only du e to drag-ou

to f th e foa m blanket , o rlos s int o exhaustduct

s du e t o solutio n level s of

th e bat h bein g to o high , o

rexcessive concen trations o f ZERO-MIS

T HT- 2 bein g adde d t o th e chromiu

m solution . Th

e low concentration o

f ZEROMIS T HT-2 normall

y recommende

d fo rchromiu

m plating solution s make

s it s use economica

l t o th e plater, eve n whe n solutio n drag-ou

tis unavoidabl

y hig h du e to cuppin

g o f solutio n fro

m comple

x parts , o r excessively shor

ttransfe rtime s sometimes employed i n hig h production platin

g operations . ZERO-MIS

T HT- 2 i s no tdestroyed by th e mostconcentrated boiling chromi c aci d solutio n obtained durin

g "boi l down " operations use

d forchromi

c aci d reclaim . Also , i ti s no taffected b y th e highestanode o

rcathode curren

t densitie s possibl e in chromiu m plating . ZERO-MIS

T HT-2 i s ver

y easy t o maintai

n in th e chromiu

m plating bath , an

d it s contro

l i s simple . ZERO-MIS

T HT- 2 save s th e chromi

c aci d usuall y los ta s mis tan d spray . Becaus

e o f th e propert y o f ZERO-MIS

T HT-2 , t o loweran

d maintai n th e surfac

e tension of

th e chromi

c aci d solution , usuall

y a ta norma l operating leve

l o f 354 0 dynes/cm , th e chromiu m solutio n run

s of f th e wor k ver y rapidly , leavin

g only a ver y thin fil m o n th e wor

k whe n i ti s withdraw

n fro m th e chromiu

m platin g bath . Thi

s remainin g thi n fil m o f chromi c aci d tend s t o minimize chromiu m staining while eve

n mor e importan

treducin g chromi c acid los tt o drag-out

. Whe n ZERO-MIS

T HT- 2 i s use d in a chromiu

m plating solution , ther

e i s n o nee

d forwashin

g the ai r exhausted fro

m the chromiu

m platin g operation . Furthermore, ther e i s n o difficult

y fro m draft s o rcross current s of ai rblowing chromi

c aci d mistinto th e atmospher e of th e plating room o

rinto nearb

y tanks ; a faul tparticularl

y common t o wid

e chromiu m platin g tank s whic h ar e difficultt o ventilat

e properly , a

s wel l a s tank s of norma l widt h located nea

rope n windows ordoors . T.M.—Trademar k

o f Oxy Meta l Finishin g Corporatio n &ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 i s supplie din table t for min tw o colors , gree

n an doff-white
. Th e ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 ^- ^ Make-u p ar ® th e gree atablet s wit

h HT- 2 stampe do n them
. Th e ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 Maintenanc e ar e th e (J) off-whit ® tablet s an dals o hav e HT- 2 stampe do n them
.

(DIKFCTOM S F©

^ US d ©I F ZEBO-flAIST

T HT- 2 ©Og0(n)® l Ad)dl5l?D©(r D Th e origina

l additio n normall y consist s o f 4 pound s o

f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 Make-u p (green ) tablet s fo

r each 1,00 0 gallon s o

f chromiu mplatin g solution*
. Thi s initial additio n shoul db e made in tw o approxi

matel y equal part s wit

h abou t tw o hour s o

f operatio n betwee n each
. Thi s i s merely t o avoi dexcessiv e foa m at th e start
. Th e require damoun t i s distribute duniforml y ove r th e surfac e o

f th e chromiu mplatin g solution
. Th e tablet s wil

l a t firs t sin k t o th e botto mof

th e tan k ap dbegin t o dissolv e wit

h th e evolutio n o

f gas . Whe n partiall y dissolved , th

® tablet s wil

l ris e t o th e surfac e of

th e solutio n an dwil

l continu e gassin

g unti l completel y dissolved
. *I f ZERO-MIS T i s presen t

in th e chromiu msolutio n in sufficient concentratio n t o lowe

r th e surfac e tensio n t o 4 0 dynes/cm , aful l initial additio n o

f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 ma

y no t b e required
. Especially dee p tanks , utilizin g ver y high currents , ma

y require specia

l mixture s o

f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 an dZERO-MIS T for

optimu mresults
. Suc h situation s shoul db e referre dt o th e Udylite Customer Servic e Laboratories
. i$@Oln)tf®[n>©[nKS © Durin g operatio n o f

th e chromiu msolution , athi n foa mwil l for mo n it s surfac e which wil l preven t all y) mis t an dspra y fro mescaping
. I t

i s necessar

y t o hav e onl y athi n fil

mo f foa mt o preven t

mis t an dspray . Heavie r layer s o f foa monl y increas e th e drag-ou t rat e o f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 which naturall y increase s operational cost
. Th e amoun t o f foa mproduce db y agive

n quantit y o

f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 i s afunctio n o f th e ratio o

f depth , tan k

surfac e area , an dth e quantit y o f curren t applied
. Naturall y thi s wil l var y somewha

t i n individua

l operations
. Th e chrom e bat h shoul db e ru n usin g ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 Make-u p (green) , which produce s th e desire dlo w surfac e tensio n withou t excessiv e foam
. However , i f th e surfac e are ao

f th e chrome tan k

i s larg e in proportio n t o it s depth , th e chrom e bat h shoul db e maintaine dusing ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 Maintenanc e (off-white) , which produce s alo w surfac e tensio n an dathicke r foa mblanket
. Sinc e ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 i s stabl e t o al l condition s i n th e chromiu mplatin g solution , i t ca n b e remove d onl y by drag-ou t

an dlos s o

f foam
. A s i t

i s necessar

y t o hav e onl y athi n fil mo f foam , drag-ou t

wil l constitut e th e large

r loss
. In thos s installation s equippe dwit h ai r lance s for

stirrin g th e solution , aheavie r blanke t o f foa mwill for

mi n th e comer s o

f th e tank
. A los s o

f thi s foam , clinging t o th e wor k being processe do r

bein g carrie dawa

y b y th e ventilatio n system , constitute s alarg e los s o f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 since , like all surface s activ e additives , ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 i s highly concentrate di n th e foam
. Therefore , any step s take n t o reduc e th e los s o f foa mwil l reduc e th e consumptio n o f ZERO-MIS T HT-2
. Thes e step s ma y includ e raisin g draf

t boxe s o r throttlin g dow n th e ventilatio n syste mt o avoi dth e los s o f foa mthroug h draf

t boxes
. Th e us s o

f a n air jet , t o sweep th e foa

mawa y a t th e exi t poin t o n ful l automatics , wil

l constitut e a savin g of ZERO-MIS T HT-2
. Th ® requiremen t

for suppressio n o

f mis t an dspra y i s t o have presen t

i n th e chromiu mplatin g solutio n asufficient

concentratio n o

f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 t o (1 ) maintai n th e surfac e tensio n belo w 4 0 dynes/cm , an d (2 ) maintai n athi n fil

mo f foa mdurin g plating
. Thi s thi n fil mo f foa mma y b e maintaine dby observatio n o f th e foa man db y addin g ZERO-MIS T HT-2 , eithe r Make-u p o r Maintenanc e tablets , a s required
. I f desired , th e surfac e tensio n o f th e solution , which i s a n indicatio n o

f th e concentratio n o

f ZERO-MIS T ^- x HT- 2 i n th e solution , ma

y b e determine db y th e simpl e stalagmometer method
. (Se e Udylite Technica l 7_J Bulleti n CRZ-A. ) Th e surfac e tensio n o f th e chromiu mplatin g solutio n shoul db e maintaine dbetwee n 3 5 an d4 0 dynes/cm
. Contro l o f th e foa mby observatio n i s simple , an dalittl e experienc e wil l soo n tel l th e operato r ho w many ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 tablet s are needed
. Maintenanc e addition s wil l naturall y var

y fro m 2P.1 8

installatio n t o installation , dependin g o n drag-out . Unt U experienc e dictate s otherwise , a suggeste d additio n i s 2 t o 3 ounce s o f

ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 Make-u p tablet s pe r 1,00 0 gallon s o f platin g solution . I

f th e surfac e tensio n decrease s belo w 35 . dynes/c m an d a n adequat e foa m i s no tbein g maintained , ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 Maintenanc e (off-white ) shoul d the n b e used . Frequen tsmal l addition s ar e preferabl e t o largerone s at greate rtim e intervals . PRECAUTION : Th e presenc e o f oi l o rgreas e o n the.surfac e o f a chromiu m platin g bath , alon g with th e us e o f othe rfoa m suppressor s whic h brea k dow n quickl y whe n expose d t o chromi c acid , make s i tdifficul t t o maintai n th e desirabl e thi n foa m blanke tdurin g plating . Fo r complet e suppressio n o f mist , a thi n foam blanke tshoul d b e maintaine d durin g th e platin g operation . I f ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 i s producin g a satisfactor y thi n foam jus tbefor e th e tan k i s shu tdown , i twill no t b e necessary t o ad d mor e ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 whe n startin g up again , regardles s o f tim e interval , sinc e ZERO-MIS T HT- 2 i s completel y stable . Har d Chromiu m Surfac e activ e additive s suc h a s ZERO-MIS T HT-2 , whe n use d i n har d chromiu m platin g solution , ten d t o aggravat

e pittin g cause d b y basi s meta l defects . Cautio n i s therefor e recommended , especiall y i n connec tio n wit h deposit s mor e tha n 0. 5 mil thick .



# '7P.1 9

Although the information presented herein is to the best

of our knowledge true and

accurate, no warranty or

guarantee, expressed

or implied, is made regarding the information or the performance of

any product. We assume no liability for incidental, consequential or direct damages of

any kind, no matter

what the cause, including negligence. Nothing contained herein shall

be construed

as a recommendation to use a product in infringement

of any existing patent, and we assume no responsibility or liability for

operations which do infringe any such patents. The above includes confidential and proprietary information of the Udylite Company, and

is furnished

to you for

your use solely on products or processes supplied

by us to you. 

# Th e 

# U U U111B

compan y OM I 'IO N OM I IMTBBMATIOMA L CO«*0«ATIO» - SWl- e Petroleu m Corporatio n o r any o f It s subsidiaries . This bulletin is a revision of that dated 7-1-70u-*i«. « » now ousoiete and should be destroyed.
Bulletin No. CR-HT-2 2.5M Issued: 2-73 

# 4P.20.

_

t* > •*• * .,- > 

# OM I

UDYLIT E PRODUCT S OX Y META L INDUSTRIE S CORPORATIO N •ELECTROCHEMICA L GROU P



# TECHNICA L BULLETI N

N E W IMPROVE D FOAM-LO K

L FO RUS E I N DECORATIV

E AN D HAR D CHROMIU

M PLATIN

G BATH S
Introductio n Th e ne w FOAM-LO K

L i s apowerfu l surfac e activ e additiv e use dt o produc e afoamblanke t

o n decorativ e o r

har dchromiu mplatin g baths
. I t i s use dt o successfull y reduc e th e chromi c aci dmis t an dspra y regardles s of operatin g temperatur e o r

curren t density
. Whe n FOAM-LO K

L i s use di n chromiu mplatin g solutions , ther e i s a reduce dnee dfo r

washin g th e ai r

exhauste dfromth e chromiu mplatin g operation
. Furthermore , ther e i s les s dange r fromdraft s o r

cross-current s o

f ai r blowin g chromi c aci dmis t

int o th e atmospher e o f th e platin g roo mo r

int o nearb y tanks
. Thi s i s afaul t

particularl y commo n t o wid e chromiu mplatin g tank s whic h ar e difficul t t o ventilat e properly , a s wel l a s tank s o f norma l widt h locate dnea r ope n window s o r

door s . FOAM-LO K

L ma y b e successfull y use di n an y chromiu mplatin g solutio n withou t affectin g th e catalys t relationshi p an di n har dchromiu mbath s withou t concer n fo r

gros s pittin g originate db y basi s meta l defects
. I t ca n als o b e use di n combinatio n wit h Zero-Mis t product s wher e extr aspra y suppressio n i s needed , particularl y durin g period s o f heav y tan k

usag e o r

durin g period s o

f exceptiona l ventilatio n problems
.

DIRECTION S FO

RUS E O FFOAM-LO K

L Ne w FOAM-LO K

L i s apin k

concentrate dliqui dan dshoul db e dilute dtw o t o on e befor e use . Actually , furthe r dilution s o

f fou r t o on e may b e use di

f desired
. Th e mos t recen t productio n figure s for make-u p an dmaintenanc e indicat e tha t 2 0 t o 3 0 c c of

undilute dFOAM-LO K

L pe r 3 0 squar e fee t

o f tan k surfac e are awil l provid e aprope r foa mblanke t

fo r 1-1/ 4 t o 1-1/ 2 hour s a t 13 0 F
. Th e lif e o f th e foamblanke t

( a s wit h al l non-permanen t type s ) i s governe db y th e reactio n tim e wit h th e chromi c aci dan dno t b y th e quantit y added
. Large r addition s provid e thicke r foa mblankets , bu t

no t longe r life
. Therefore , small , frequen t addition s ar e mor

e economica l tha n on e bi g addition
. Chromiu mbat h 

# / ?P.2 1



### temperatur e an dconcentration , alon g wit h foa mdragou t

an dth e ampere s pe r squar e fee t

o f tan k surfac e area , wil l determin e th e functiona l life an dth e amoun t o f FOAM-LOK

L t o b e use dfo

r make-u p an dmaintenanc e i n eac h shop
. Whe n th e tan k

i s i n use , normall y afoa mblanke t

o f 1/ 2 t o 1 inc h thic k

i s sufficien t for prope r control
. I n case s wher e th e surfac e are ao f th e solutio n i s unusuall y larg e in proportio n t o th e amoun t o f amperag e bein g used , th e foa mblanke t

wil l no t cove r th e entir e surfac e o

f th e solution
. Continue doperatio n unde r thes e condition s ma

y requir e highe r

initia l addition s o

f FOAM-LOK

L
. N o foa mblanke t

wil l for munti l th e curren t

i s turne don , an dwhe n th e curren t i s turne doff

, th e foamwil l subside
. Th e FOAM-LOK L shoul db e distribute duniforml y ove r th e surfac e o

f th e solutio n an dadditiona l increment s of dilute dmaterial s ma

y b e adde dunti l asatisfactor y foa mblanke t

i s formed
. FOAM-LO K

L i s highl y concentrate di n th e foam , therefore , an y step s take n t o reduc e it s los s wil l reduc e th e consumptio n rate
. Thes e step s may includ e raisin g draf

t boxes , throttlin g dow n th e ventilatio n system s t o avoi d los s o f foamthroug h draf

t boxes , o r

smal l amount s of

ai r t o blo w awa y th e foa

m a t th e exi t statio n o

f ful l automatics
. Excessiv e addition s ma y caus e overfoamin g leadin g t o possibl e hydroge n explosions
. Contro l o f th e foa mb y observatio n i s relativel y simpl e an dalittl e experienc e wil l soo n indicat e th e nee dfor addition s o

f FOAM-LO K

L
.

Although the information

presented

herein is to the best of our knowledge

true and accurate, no

warranty

or guarantee, expressed or implied, is

made regarding

the information

or the performance

of any product. W e assume no liability for incidental, consequential or direct damages

of any kind, no

matter what the cause, including negligence. Nothing contained

herein shall be construed

as a recommendation

to use a product in infringement

of any existing patent, and

we assume no responsibility

or liability for operations

which do infringe any such patents. The

above includes

confidential

and proprietary

information

of Oxy Metal Industries Corporation, and

isfurnisned

to you for your use solely on products

or processes

supplied by us to you. 

### Bulleti n FOAM-LO K

L ; Issue d8/7 6 (Replace s Bulleti n Issue d8/75 ) 

# C QM I OM I INTER * INTERNATIONA L CORPORATIO N o > Th e Informatio n herei n Is provide d b y OM I Internationa l p I Corporatio n whic h has n o affiliatio n wit h Occidenta l P ** • - • Petroleu m Corporatio n o r an y o f It s subsidiaries . 21 4 } 9 40P.2 2


# UDYLIT E ® 

# TRICROLYT E ®

DESCRIPTION : TRICROLYTE ®

i s Udylite' s trivalen t chromiu m platin g proces s tha t help s t o avoi d reject s b y completel y eliminatin g whitewas h an d burning

. TRICROLYT E utilize s th e industry' s lates t i n trivalen t chromiu m platin g technology

. I t bring s yo u importan t advantage s ove rbot h conventiona l hexavalen t chromiu m processe s an d competitiv e trivalen t processes .

FEATURES :

•Increase d platin g productivity

.

• Contain s n o hexavalen t chrome

.

• Reduce d meta l concentration

.
• Additive s d o no t contai n stron g oxidants

. BENEFITS :

• Prevent s reject s du e t o whitewash , burnin g an d reduce s misplat e (poo rcoverage) ; eliminate s "shields " an d "robbers. " Give s highe rproductio n efficienc y throug h a n increas e i n th e numbe ro f part s o n a rack

.
• Tolerate s highe rlevel s o f metalli c contaminatio n tha n existin g trivalen t systems
.
• Reduce s chemica l wast e treatmen t an d capita l costs ; eliminate s "bleed-out " staining

.
• Produce s muc h les s sludge , reduce s disposa l cost
.
• Avoid s danger s o f chromi c aci d spray . Simplifie s storage , transportatio n an d handling

.

APPLICATIONS : 1

. Wher e burnin g an d whitewas h ar e significan t problem s (e.g. , wir e goods , furniture , appliance , hardware)

. 2

. An y facilit y needin g assistanc e i n meetin g effluen t and/o rOSH A regulation s du e t o us e o f hexavalen t chromium

. 3

. Wher e color-matchin g problem s ar e a n issue

. 4

. Wher e chromiu m platin g i s th e caus e o f limite d production

.



### Fo r mor e fact s an d figures , CAL L TOLL-FRE E 1-800-521-426 7 TRICROLYT E SOLUTIO N COMPOSITIO N Additiv e 1 Conductivit y Salts Complexo rInde x Catalys t PROCES S MAINTENANC E Additiv e 1 Complexo r Conductivit y Salts OPERATIN G CONDITION S p H Temperatur e Cathod e Curren t Density Anod e Curren t Density Tan k Voltag e Agitatio n Specifi c Gravit y Anod e t o Cathod e Rati o Anode s Coolin g Coil s 14.0 % b y volum e 21 0 g/ L (2 8 oz/gal ) 2 8 0.1 % b y volum e
1 gal/9,000-14,00 0 A H 1 gal/8,000-12,00 0 A H As require d b y drag-out

. 3. 2 20°-32 o C(60 o -90°F ) 10-2 1 A/dm * (100-20 0 A/ft 1 ) 450 A/dm * (5 0 A/ft ! ) 0-1 8 volt s Ai ro rmechanica l 1.2 5 2: 1 Graphit e (hig h purity ) Teflon , Karbate , Thinwal l PV

C

^ /P.2 3 

## OM I WORLDWID E -** « - * •••* *

1 >

-

' - Ji l '. i . tm

" V i v *



## * * *¥ #

/-? • y

o'o°-f 9

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-O J •j5 » - * 7 7

. < -4flks . ' i ...IS*, ' O i "

.

m •«•• ' '"lEfcsi l •<-} ' , * 

## I

"
' 4

• LICENSE E O OM I l-»CILITY/JOIN T VENTUR E
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DISCLAIME R
Th e informatio n presente d herei n i s t o th e bes t o f ou rknowledg e tru e on d accurat e an d al l recommendation s an d suggestion s appearin g i n thi s bulleti n coverin g th e us e o f ou r product s are

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. Sinc e th e actua l us e o f thi s produc t b y other s i s beyon d ou rcontrol , n o guarantee , expresse d o rimplied , i s mad e b v O M I Internationa l Corporotio n a s t o th e effect s o f suc h us e o rth e result s t o b e obtoinea , no ri s an y informatio n t o b e construe d a s a recommendatio n t o infring e an y paten t an d nothin g containe d herei n shal l b e construe d a s a recommendatio n t o us e a produc t i n infringemen t o f an y existin g patent , an d w e assum e n o responsibilit y o rliabilit y fo r operation s whic h d o infring e an y suc h patent
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# UDYLIT E

2144 1 Hoove rRoad

. Warren , Michiga n 4808 9 Telephone : (313 ) 497-910 0 Telex : 23-526 0

2MCG485-R- 1 OM I INTERNATIONA L CORPORATION . Printe d i n U.S.A

.