1

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

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NO. 09-20-00300-CV

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IN THE INTEREST OF K.K.

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On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3

Montgomery County, Texas

Trial Cause No. 19-06-07713-CV

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MEMORANDUM OPINION

B.V.1 appeals the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights. In her sole 

issue, B.V. challenges the legal and factual sufficiency supporting the trial court’s 

finding that termination of her parental rights was in the best interest of K.K. For the 

reasons explained herein, we affirm the trial court’s judgment terminating B.V.’s 

parental rights.

1

To preserve the privacy of the parties, we refer to the parties and the child by 

their initials. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 109.002(d); Tex. R. App. P. 9.8.
2

BACKGROUND

On June 5, 2019, the Department of Family and Protective Services (“the 

Department”) filed a petition seeking to terminate B.V.’s parental rights to her son, 

K.K. The trial court conducted a bench trial on the Department’s petition. The child’s 

aunt, C.M., testified that her sister B.V. is K.K.’s mother. C.M. explained that fiveyear-old K.K. was placed in her care for eight or nine months after the Department 

filed its petition. When asked whether she knew why K.K. came into the 

Department’s custody, C.M. testified, “I believe there was a question about his safety 

at the home . . . as far as his well-being. The home just wasn’t very safe for him, and 

then there w[ere] also drug accusations.” According to C.M., the home “wasn’t very 

safe as far as the cleanliness. It was very dirty. You could tell that Dad, something 

was going on with him. . . . I just know that . . . I wouldn’t deem that as a safe 

environment.” C.M. testified that there were roaches in the home. 

C.M. explained that she was initially unable to locate K.K. when B.V. was 

incarcerated, and she appeared at the first hearing to ensure that she could care for 

K.K., and K.K. went home with her after that hearing. C.M. testified that K.K. was 

initially physically aggressive, but while K.K. was living with her, he made progress 

and gained weight. According to C.M., K.K. lived with her until March or April 

2020, when he went to live with C.M.’s husband’s aunt, H.M. C.M. testified that 
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K.K. did not remain in her home because she was laid off due to the Covid-19 

pandemic, and she was overwhelmed with trying to homeschool three children. 

C.M. explained that her family still has a relationship with K.K., and she 

opined that termination of parental rights is in K.K.’s best interest “because my sister 

hasn’t been very consistent. She lost her first child . . . to similar circumstances. . . . 

I just feel like he’s in a better place now. Emotionally, financially, physically, he’s 

being taken better care of where he’s at now; and I hate to uproot him because he 

struggles with change.” According to C.M., B.V. lost custody of her daughter when 

her daughter was eighteen months old. C.M. also testified that B.V. told her that 

there had been domestic violence between her and K.K.’s father. Additionally, C.M. 

testified that K.K.’s father told her that he was taking methamphetamines and heroin. 

H.M. testified that she is currently caring for K.K., and K.K. has bonded with 

her other child. H.M. explained that she is related to K.K. by marriage. According 

to H.M., K.K. “has developed so much. He’s learned manners, respect, boundaries. 

He’s learned how to take attention. . . . We’ve got some structure here. He has 

responsibilities. He’s very sweet.” H.M. explained that K.K. is doing very well in 

school. H.M. testified that she and her husband wish to adopt K.K. and raise him as 

part of their family. H.M. testified that K.K. is accustomed to the structure and 

stability of her home and continuing in her home is in K.K.’s best interest. H.M. 

explained that she does not know B.V. or the child’s father, and neither parent has 
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had any in-person or virtual visitation with K.K. According to H.M., since K.K. has 

been in her home, “he has never asked to see his mom, talk to his mom, [or asked] 

where his mom is or his dad.” H.M. testified that both she and her husband are 

licensed as foster parents. 

B.V. testified that she smoked methamphetamine in 2013 and again in 2016, 

when K.K. was approximately fourteen months old. B.V. explained that she had also 

smoked marijuana. According to B.V., she began using methamphetamines again in 

2019, while K.K. was living with her, and she explained that she used 

methamphetamine consistently for approximately three months. B.V. testified that 

she stopped using methamphetamine when she was arrested in March of 2019, and 

the Department became involved. In addition, B.V. testified that she and K.K. stayed 

at a domestic violence women’s shelter for over a year because K.K.’s father used 

to hit her. B.V. explained that K.K.’s father tended to become violent when he was 

“coming down” and did not have more drugs. According to B.V., when she was 

arrested, a friend of hers took care of K.K. B.V. testified that when she moved back 

to Conroe after living in the women’s shelter, she resumed her relationship with 

K.K.’s father. B.V. explained that she thought K.K.’s father had changed, but he 

became violent with her again within “a couple of months[.]” B.V. testified that the 

violence occurred when K.K. was there, and K.K. would get mad at his father and 

tell him to stop. B.V. testified that she believed it was emotionally damaging for 
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K.K. to witness his father abusing her. According to B.V., she left K.K.’s father and 

then went back to him “[m]aybe four or five times.” 

In addition, B.V. testified that she was convicted of fraudulent use of 

identifying information, and she was incarcerated for seventeen months and then she 

received parole and had to go to a halfway house, where she resided at the time of 

trial. B.V. explained that she has not seen K.K. since May 2019. According to B.V., 

it is in K.K.’s best interest for her to retain her parental rights. 

Department caseworker Rosalind McCray testified that she has handled the 

case involving K.K. since August 2019. McCray explained that when she initially 

contacted B.V. in September 2019, B.V. was incarcerated. McCray testified that she 

sent a letter to B.V., in which she told B.V. that she wanted B.V. to participate in the 

service plan as much as possible, and she sent a copy of the plan to B.V. According 

to McCray, B.V. simply wrote back and asked how K.K. was doing. McCray 

testified that she sent monthly letters to B.V. and that she sent pictures of K.K. 

McCray explained that B.V. did not complete any of the family service plan and has 

not requested visitation with K.K. since moving to the halfway house. McCray 

opined that termination of B.V.’s parental rights and appointing the Department as 

K.K.’s managing conservator is in K.K.’s best interest. According to McCray, 

naming B.V. or K.K.’s father as managing conservator would be harmful to K.K. 
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because the parents were using drugs, and K.K. is doing well in his current 

placement. 

Bill Roe, the CASA advocate for K.K. since early August of 2019, testified 

that he has spent many hours monitoring how K.K. is doing, and he has observed 

K.K. in his current placement and has spoken with both B.V. and K.K.’s father. Roe 

testified that he recommends termination of parental rights and adoption of K.K. by 

H.M. and her husband. When asked the reason for his recommendation, Roe 

explained that B.V. has been incarcerated during most of the case, and he noted that 

her criminal history, drug use, the fact that she had given up another child, and her 

transitory living conditions make her a high-risk placement. According to Roe, H.M. 

and her husband have a family that “really has a support system for [K.K.].” Roe 

testified that K.K. has a good relationship with his foster sister, and his current 

placement offers him structure, discipline, and a caring environment. Roe explained 

that KK. has bonded with the family. 

B.V.’s mother, K.B., testified that she currently has adopted B.V.’s daughter. 

K.B. explained that she is willing for K.K. to be placed with her. According to K.B., 

B.V. can parent K.K. K.B. testified that K.K.’s father used drugs and was physically 

abusive to B.V. K.B. also explained that B.V. has always lived with someone rather 

than living independently, and she has not consistently held a job. K.B. testified that 

she is concerned about B.V.’s ability to provide for K.K., and she believes K.K.’s 
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current placement is a good one. When asked whether it is in K.K.’s best interest to 

remain in his current placement, K.B. testified, “It’s hard to say. Who knows what 

is [in] a child’s best interest[?]” 

B.V.’s friend L.R. testified that she has known B.V. since the summer of 2018, 

and they both have children. L.R. explained that she has seen B.V. with K.K. on 

numerous occasions, and she described B.V. as “very attentive to her son.” L.R. 

testified that K.K.’s father was verbally abusive to B.V., and she described him as 

jealous and controlling. During cross-examination, L.R. testified that she was 

unaware of B.V.’s history of using drugs and being incarcerated. 

Martha Wilkins, a supervisor for the Department, testified that she was an 

investigator for the Department in March 2019, and she received a report about K.K. 

due to concerns about drug use by B.V. and the father. Wilkins explained that she 

eventually visited B.V. in jail, and B.V. denied using drugs. According to Wilkins, 

K.K. was eventually removed due to concerns about drug use and B.V. being “in 

and out of jail[.]” Wilkins explained that neither parent took a drug test for the 

Department.

The trial court found that clear and convincing evidence supported four 

predicate statutory grounds for terminating B.V.’s parental rights and that 

termination of B.V.’s parental rights was in K.K.’s best interest. See Tex. Fam. Code 

Ann. § 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (N), (O), (2). B.V. appealed. 
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ANALYSIS

In her sole issue, B.V. argues that the evidence is legally and factually 

insufficient to demonstrate that termination of her parental rights is in K.K.’s best 

interest. See id. § 161.001(b)(2). When conducting a legal sufficiency review, we 

review “all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine 

whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that 

its finding was true.” In the Interest of J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002). We 

assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a 

reasonable factfinder could, and we disregard all evidence that a reasonable 

factfinder could have disbelieved or found to have been incredible. Id. If no 

reasonable factfinder could form a firm belief or conviction that the matter that must 

be proven is true, the evidence is legally insufficient. Id.

In conducting a factual sufficiency review, we must determine whether the 

evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction 

about the truth of the Department’s allegations. Id. We give due consideration to 

evidence that the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing. 

Id. We consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could 

not have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its ruling. Id. If, considering the 

entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have 
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credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably 

have formed a firm belief or conviction, the evidence is factually insufficient. Id.

The decision to terminate parental rights must be supported by clear and 

convincing evidence, i.e., “the measure or degree of proof that will produce in the 

mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations 

sought to be established.” Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.007; In the Interest of J.L., 

163 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. 2005). The movant must show that the parent committed 

one or more predicate acts or omissions and that termination is in the child’s best 

interest. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(1), (2); see also In the Interest of 

J.L., 163 S.W.3d at 84. We will affirm a judgment if any of the grounds is supported 

by legally and factually sufficient evidence and the best-interest finding is also 

supported by legally and factually sufficient evidence. In the Interest of C.A.C., Jr., 

No. 09-10-00477-CV, 2011 WL 1744139, at *1 (Tex. App.—Beaumont May 5, 

2011, no pet.) (mem. op.).

Regarding the best-interest inquiry, we consider a non-exhaustive list of 

factors: (1) the desires of the child; (2) emotional and physical needs of the child 

now and in the future; (3) emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the 

future; (4) parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody; (5) programs 

available to assist these individuals to promote the best interest of the child; (6) plans 

for the child by these individuals or by the agency seeking custody; (7) stability of 
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the home or proposed placement; (8) acts or omissions of the parent which may 

indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not proper; and (9) any excuse 

for the acts or omissions of the parent. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 

(Tex. 1976); see Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.307(b). No particular Holley factor is 

controlling, and evidence of one factor may be sufficient to support a finding that 

termination is in a child’s best interest. In the Interest of A.P., 184 S.W.3d 410, 414 

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.). The best-interest determination may rely on 

direct or circumstantial evidence, subjective facts, and the totality of the evidence. 

In the Interest of N.R.T., 338 S.W.3d 667, 677 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2011, no pet.). 

“A parent’s drug use, inability to provide a stable home, and failure to comply with 

a family service plan support a finding that termination is in the best interest of the 

child.” In the Interest of M.R., 243 S.W.3d 807, 821 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, 

no pet.). Evidence of a parent’s continued drug use supports a finding that she poses 

a present and future risk of physical or emotional danger to the child and that 

termination would be in the child’s best interest. See In the Interest of S.N., 272 

S.W.3d 45, 53 (Tex. App.—Waco 2008, no pet.). In addition, evidence that a parent 

exposed a child to domestic violence supports a trial court’s finding that termination 

is in the child’s best interest. In the Interest of T.L.B., Jr., No. 01-16-00806-CV, 

2017 WL 1019520, at *11 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 16, 2017, no pet.) 

(mem. op.).
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With respect to the best interest of K.K., the trial court heard evidence that (1)

B.V. used methamphetamine while K.K. was living with her, (2) B.V. and K.K. lived 

in a women’s domestic violence shelter for over a year due to K.K.’s father’s 

physical abuse of B.V., but B.V. nevertheless resumed the relationship, (3) B.V. 

believed seeing his father physically abuse her was emotionally damaging for K.K.,

(4) B.V. failed to complete her family service plan and did not visit K.K., (5) K.K. 

is having his physical, emotional, and financial needs met, is doing well in school,

and has structure and discipline in his current placement, and (6) K.K. has bonded 

with H.M. and her family. The trial court also heard evidence that H.M. and her 

husband want to adopt K.K. 

Prompt and permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is 

presumed to be in the child’s best interest. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.307(a). 

As the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given to 

their testimony, the trial court could reasonably conclude that termination of B.V.’s 

parental rights is in K.K.’s best interest. See id. §§ 161.001(b)(2), 263.307(a); see 

also In the Interest of J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266; Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371-72; In 

the Interest of T.L.B., Jr., 2017 WL 1019520, at *11; In the Interest of S.N., 272 

S.W.3d at 53; In the Interest of M.R., 243 S.W.3d at 821.

We conclude that the Department established, by clear and convincing 

evidence, that termination of B.V.’s parental rights is in the best interest of K.K. See 
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Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(b)(2); In the Interest of C.A.C., Jr., 2011 WL 

1744139, at *1. Accordingly, we overrule B.V.’s sole issue and affirm the trial 

court’s judgment terminating B.V.’s parental rights.

AFFIRMED.

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W. SCOTT GOLEMON

 Chief Justice

Submitted on April 19, 2021

Opinion Delivered May 27, 2021

Before Golemon, C.J., Kreger and Johnson, JJ.