Surface Water Pesticide

Monitoring and

Assessment Proj , ect 2009

Jessica N. Johnson

and James A. Gray

Agriculture

Chemical Division
1 

Acknowledgements 

The Department thanks Mike Ell from the North Dakota Department of Health for his assistance in 

coordinating this project. Sampling was performed by Heather Duchscherer, Mike Ell, Peter Wax, Jim 

Collins and Mike Hargiss from the North Dakota Department of Health and Paul Scarpari from the United 

States Geological Survey. 

The Department also thanks the Water Quality Advisory Committee for its input and advice. The 

Committee consists of the following state and federal agencies: 

 ND Department of Health 

ND Department of Parks and Recreation 

ND Game and Fish Department 

ND Geological Survey 

ND State University Extension Service 

ND State Water Commission 

US Department of Agriculture-NRCS 

US Fish and Wildlife Service 

US Geological Survey 
2 

The North Dakota Department of Agriculture, working in cooperation with the North Dakota Department 

of Health's Division of Water Quality, coordinated a surface water monitoring survey in 2009 to assess 

levels of pesticides and pesticide degradates in North Dakota rivers. Twenty-nine sites, representing all 

major watersheds of North Dakota, were sampled and tested for 180 different pesticides and pesticide 

degradates every six weeks from June through November. There were a total of eleven detections of four 

different pesticides (atrazine, bentazon, dimethenamid, and MCPA). The most commonly detected 

pesticides were the herbicides atrazine and bentazon, detected four and three times, respectively. MCPA 

and dimethenamid were each detected twice. For all pesticides, concentrations were significantly below 

levels deemed harmful by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Results show that North 

Dakota streams and rivers have minimal pesticide contamination. The study also supports the need for 

regular, comprehensive monitoring of surface water for pesticides to verify results, assess risks of 

pesticides to human health and the environment, and identify trends.

Introduction

Through the authority provided in Chapters 4-35, 4-35.1, and 19-18 of the North Dakota Century Code, 

the North Dakota Department of Agriculture (hereafter “Department”) is the lead pesticide regulatory 

agency in the state. Under a cooperative agreement with the EPA, the Department is charged with 

regulating pesticides in the public’s interest to ensure that they do not pose a risk of unreasonable adverse 

effects to human health or the environment. 

Before 2007, the Department’s Pesticide Water Quality Program was concerned only with those 

pesticides that posed a risk of contaminating groundwater. The Department has had a committee in place 

for over a decade to advise them on groundwater issues. Agencies represented on the committee include 

the ND Department of Health (NDDoH), US Department of Agriculture – Natural Resource Conservation 

Service, ND State University Extension Service, US Geological Survey (USGS), ND Geological Survey 

and the ND State Water Commission. 

The EPA has recently identified surface water resources as a priority area of focus. Therefore, the 

Program’s focus has expanded to protect both groundwater and surface water from pesticide 

contamination. To reflect this expansion, the Groundwater Working Committee has been renamed the 

Water Quality Advisory Committee (WQAC) and now includes representatives from the US Fish and 

Wildlife Service, ND Game and Fish Department, and ND Parks and Recreation Department. 

Identifying pesticide and surface water issues is a priority for the Department and the WQAC. Before the 

first monitoring project in 2008, no agency routinely monitored for pesticides in North Dakota’s surface 

waters. A pilot monitoring project coordinated between the Department and the NDDoH was conducted 

Summary

Introduction
3 

in 2006. Eleven sites were sampled twice from late June through August and tested for 63 different 

pesticides. Results showed one detection of picloram at a concentration of 0.23 parts per billion (ppb), 

which is below any level of concern established by the EPA for human health or wildlife. 

The Department, working in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health's Division of 

Water Quality, resumed a surface water monitoring survey in 2008 for pesticides and pesticide 

degradates. Nine sample sites in three different watersheds (Sheyenne, Souris, and Yellowstone Rivers) 

in North Dakota were sampled and tested for 184 different pesticides and pesticide degradates every three 

weeks from April through October. A total of nine pesticides and one pesticide degradate were detected. 

The most commonly detected pesticides were the herbicides 2,4-D and diuron. For all but one pesticide, 

concentrations were below levels deemed harmful by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

Diuron was found in the Souris River at concentrations that could be harmful to aquatic life, specifically 

green algae. 

Pesticides were not detected in any of the nine sampling sites in April or May during the 2008 pesticide 

sampling season. Instead, detections began in June, peaked at the beginning of August, and were ongoing 

at the end of October. Because the detections began in June the year before, WQAC decided to start 

sampling in June of 2009 and allow the resources that would have been used for spring sampling to be 

used to increase the number of sampling sites in the state. 

The pesticide water quality monitoring program received an increase in funding in 2009 through an EPA 

Clean Water Act Section 319 grant. Because of this grant, a later start, and a six week sampling schedule 

instead of a three week schedule, we were able to dramatically expand the number of sites sampled and 

make the program truly state-wide to represent every major North Dakota watershed. 

Sampling sites were chosen from the NDDoH’s ambient surface water monitoring sites to make the 

sampling most efficient. We were able to sample at 29 of the 34 ambient monitoring sites. Five sites were 

dropped because of proximity to other sampling sites. 

Project goals 

The goals of the 2009 monitoring study were to: 

• Determine the occurrence and concentration of pesticides in North Dakota rivers; 

• Determine whether any pesticides may be present at concentrations that could adversely affect 

human health, aquatic life, or fish-eating wildlife; and 

• Continue to determine the temporal and spatial frequency of sampling needed to assess 

contamination, thereby helping to further refine future pesticide monitoring design. 

The Department will also use the monitoring data as part of its cooperative agreement with the EPA. 

Under that agreement, the Department has committed to evaluate national and local pesticides of interest 

that may pose a risk to water quality. Furthermore, the Department is required to demonstrate that any 

risks are appropriately managed. 

In addition, the Department administers an Endangered Species Protection Program that is focused on 

ensuring that pesticides do not negatively impact threatened and endangered species in North Dakota. 
4 

Since most of the seven listed species in the state are found in or near surface water, the Department will 

use the results of the monitoring study to identify pesticides that may pose a risk to threatened and 

endangered species. 

Pesticide samples and associated field measurements were collected at 29 sites every six weeks from June 

through November 2009. Samples were collected for the Missouri River watershed during the weeks of 

June 1st, July 13th, August 24th, October 5th and November 16th , 2009. Samples were collected in the 

eastern side of the state in the Red River, James River and Souris River watersheds during the weeks of 

June 15th, July 27th, September 7th, October 19th and November 30th ,2009. Locations of the sampling 

sites can be found in Table 1 and Figure 1. 

Table 1. Sampling locations for the 2009 North Dakota surface water monitoring project with latitude 

and longitude information 

Site ID Sampling Site Location Latitude Longitute 

380007 Sheyenne River - Lisbon 1.5 Mi S, 0.5 Mi E Of Lisbon 46.40567 -97.673 

380009 

Sheyenne River - 

Cooperstown 4.5 Mi E Of Cooperstown 47.43292 -98.0278 

380012 James River - LaMoure 

West Edge Of Lamoure On Hwy 

13 46.35537 -98.3061 

380013 James River - Jamestown Downstream From Jamestown 46.88339 -98.6709 

380021 DeLacs River - Foxholm At Bridge In Foxholm 48.37047 -101.57 

380022 

Little Missouri River - 

Medora 1 Mi W Of Medora On Bridge 46.91661 -103.532 

380031 

Wild Rice River - 

Abercrombie 3.2 Mi NW Of Abercrobmie 46.47112 -96.782 

380037 Turtle River - N Of Manvel On Hwy 81 Bridge 48.08617 -97.1843 

380039 Forest River - Nr Minto 0.4 Mi E Of Hwy 81 Bridge 48.28598 -97.3698 

380059 

Little Missouri River - Hwy 

85 On Hwy 85 Bridge 47.59233 -103.253 

380067 Cannonball River 0.5 Mi S Of Breien 46.37668 -100.935 

380083 

Red River - at Brushville, 

MN 6 Mi N And 1 Mi W Of Wahpeton 46.36948 -96.6568 

380087 Knife River - S Of Hazen 0.5 Mi S Of Hazen 47.28547 -101.623 

380095 

Souris River - W Of 

Verendrye 1 Mi W Of Verendrye 48.12481 -100.749 

380105 

Cannonball River S Of 

Raleigh 16 Mi S Of Raleigh 46.12676 -101.333 

380151 Heart River - W Of Mandan 3 Mi W Of Mandan 46.83378 -100.974 

380156 Goose River - AT Hillsboro In Hillsboro 47.40701 -97.0574 

380157 Park River - AT Grafton In Grafton At Hwy 81 Bridge 48.42479 -97.4119 

380160 

Heart River - S Of 

Richardton 8 Mi S Of Richardton 46.74585 -102.308 

Materials and Methods
5 

Site ID Sampling Site Location Latitude Longitute 

380161 Souris River - W Of Minot 3.5 Mi W Of Minot 48.2459 -101.372 

384130 James River At Grace City 47.55801 -98.863 

384131 Knife River At Golden Valley 47.15485 -102.06 

384155 Maple River at Mapleton @ Mapleton 46.9054 -97.0525 

384156 Red River at Grand Forks Demers Ave Bridge 47.92686 -97.0282 

384157 Red River at Pembina 48.97367 -97.2378 

385001 Sheyenne River Nr Kindred On Highway 46 Nr Kindred 46.63146 -97.0003 

385040 Red River Near Harwood 3 Mi E Of Harwood 46.97695 -96.8203 

385345 

Sheyenne River Near 

Warwick 3.3 Mi S of Warwick, ND 47.80526 -98.7172 

385414 Red River at Fargo on Main Ave Bridge 46.87364 -96.7766 

Figure 1. Sampling locations for the 2009 pesticide surface water monitoring study 

Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and specific conductivity were measured at the time of sampling with 

a YSI Model 650 MDS (Multiparameter Display System) / Data Logger combined with a YSI Model 

600XL 6 sensor sonde. Results were recorded in the field on a field log form. 
6 

Grab samples were collected for pesticide analysis. Samples were collected in the main current below the 

surface at a depth of approximately 60 percent of the total water depth. This depth was chosen for sample 

collection as it is assumed to be representative of the entire stream. 

At the start of the season when there was greater water depth, a 1.2-L Teflon Kemmerer sampling device 

was used to collect samples. This was done by lowering the Kemmerer sampling device into the water 

from a bridge or crossing. The device was lowered into the stream and the sampler tripped at 60 percent 

of the total stream depth. Later in the season when water depths were lower, grab samples were collected 

by wading into the stream. Care was taken so that the sample was not contaminated by disturbing the 

stream bed upstream from the collection point. When the sample was collected by wading, the stream 

was entered slightly down current from the sampling site and then the sampler waded to the area with the 

greatest current. The lid was placed on the sample bottle then submerged to approximately 60 percent of 

the stream depth; the lid was removed and the bottle was allowed to fill facing towards the current, 

allowing it to fill naturally. The lid was replaced prior to removing the bottle from the stream. 

Samples were dispensed into two 500-mL amber glass jars with Teflon-coated lids. Sample bottles were 

provided by the lab and did not need to be rinsed. 

The sample bottles came with appropriate labels attached. Custody reports and sample logs were 

immediately completed after sample collection (Appendix A). The samples were carefully packed with 

bubble wrap and rubber mesh and put into a cooler with ice and more packing materials shortly after 

collection. Coolers with the samples and ice inside were shipped to the laboratory using a next-day 

shipping service. The samples were usually shipped within a few hours of collection. 

Selected field samples were collected in replicate to provide estimates of sample variability. The 

replicates consisted of two separate sets of samples collected one after another. Replicate samples were 

submitted blind to the laboratory. Further information on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) 

procedures can be found in the QAPP for this monitoring project (Johnson and Gray 2010). 

Samples were analyzed for 180 different pesticides and degradates (Appendix C) by Pacific Agricultural 

Laboratory (Portland, OR) using EPA standard methods. Methods employed for analysis can be found in 

Table 2. 

Table 2. Description of analytical methods used by Pacific Agricultural Labs. 

Pesticide Class Method Description 

Organochlorine pesticides Modified EPA method 608 (GC-ECD) 

Organophosphorous pesticides Modified EPA method 614 (GC-FPD) 

Organonitrogen pesticides Modified EPA method 625 (GC-MS) 

Chlorinated pesticides Modified EPA method 8321A (HPLC-MS) 

Miscellaneous pesticides Modified EPA method 8321A (HPLC-MS) 

Results and Discussion
7 

Over 93 percent of the 174 samples analyzed in 2009 had no detectable pesticide residues. Only four 

pesticides were detected, all of which were herbicides. The pesticides detected in ND surface water 

during the 2009 study were atrazine, bentazon, dimethenamid and MCPA (Table 3 and Appendix B). 

Atrazine and bentazon were detected four and three times, respectively, while dimethenamid and MCPA 

were both detected twice. All of the pesticides concentrations were less than 1 ppb. All of the pesticide 

detections were in the eastern edge of the state and in the Red River or its tributaries. 

Table 3. Pesticides detected in the 2009 surface water monitoring project. 

Pesticide Trade name # of detects Maximum 

concentration 

(ppb) 

EPA 

benchmark 

(ppb) 

Atrazine Aatrex 4 0.46 17.5 

Bentazon Basagran 3 0.70 4500 

Dimethanamid Outlook 2 0.36 8.9 

MCPA MCPA 2 1.5 177 

Approximately 92 percent of the 2009 pesticide detections were in June and July, shortly after the state’s 

primary pesticide use season. There was one detection in October and no detections in August and 

November (Figure 2). 

Figure 2. Number of pesticide detections by sampling date during the 2009 North Dakota Surface Water 

Monitoring Project 

All of the pesticide detections occurred in the eastern edge of the state and in the Red River or its 

tributaries. The detection sites of the pesticides are shown in Figure 3. 

Figure 3. Locations of pesticide detections from the 2009 ND Surface Water Monitoring Project 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Number os detectionsis
8 

The Red River valley has a higher percentage of land in high intensity agriculture. Crops that use higher 

amounts of pesticides such as corn, soybeans and sugarbeets are common in the Red River Valley (Figure 

4). 

Figure 4. Land Cover data of North Dakota provided by the National Agriculture Statistics Service 
9 

Risk of pesticides to human health or the environment is a function of both toxicity and exposure. The 

EPA has established Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for pesticides in drinking water based on 

risk to human health. The EPA has also established aquatic life benchmarks based on risk of pesticides to 

aquatic ecosystems (Appendix C). To assess risk and establish aquatic life benchmarks, the EPA relies on 

studies required under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as well as a wide 

range of environmental laboratory and field studies available in the public scientific literature. Aquatic 

life benchmarks, which are based on the most sensitive toxicity endpoint for a given taxa (e.g., freshwater 

fish), are estimates of the concentrations below which pesticides are not expected to harm aquatic life. In 

most cases the department was able to compare the concentration detected in surface water to the aquatic 

life benchmark, but not an MCL, because the EPA has not established MCLs for many pesticides. 

Atrazine 

Atrazine, a broadleaf herbicide used primarily on corn, is applied to approximately 59,500 acres as a 

standalone product and to 38,600 acres in mixtures in North Dakota each year (Zollinger, 2008). Atrazine 

was detected four times in 2009 in the Red River and its tributaries. It was detected twice on the Wild 
10 

Rice River at Abercrombie, ND, once on the Red River near Brushville, MN, and once on the Red River 

near Grand Forks, ND. All of these areas are in or are downstream from areas with heavy atrazine use 

(Figure 5). 

Figure 5. Locations of atrazine surface water detections in 2009 and total atrazine use per county. 

All atrazine detections occurred in June and July. This is not surprising since atrazine is a preemergence 

herbicide that is normally applied in late April through early May. 

Atrazine was detected in the samples at a range of concentrations from 0.40 to 0.46 ppb. The EPA’s 

lowest aquatic benchmark for atrazine is 17.5 ppb and is based on the risk of chronic toxicity to aquatic 

communities. The highest detected atrazine concentration was 38 times lower than the lowest aquatic 

benchmark, suggesting minimal risk of the detected atrazine levels to aquatic species. 

Atrazine has an MCL of 3 ppb. The highest concentration detected is 6.52 times lower than the MCL, 

suggesting that the detected concentration posed minimal risk to drinking water. 

Bentazon 
11 

Bentazon is a postemergence herbicide used for broadleaf weed control in wheat, barley, corn, flax, 

sugarbeet, CRP and pastures. It is used as a stand-alone product on 779,200 acres in North Dakota each 

year. In addition, it is applied in a mixture with other pesticides on 77,300 acres (Zollinger, 2008). All 

bentazon detection were in our downstream from counties with heavy bentazon use (Figure 6) 

Figure 6. Locations of bentazon surface water detections in 2009 and total bentazon use per county. 

Bentazon was detected in three samples in July in the northeast section of the state: the Red River at 

Pembina, ND, the Forest River near Minto, ND and the Turtle River North of Manvel, ND. Both the 

Forest and Turtle Rivers are tributaries of the Red River. The detections were at concentrations ranging 

from 0.038-0.070 ppb. The EPA aquatic life benchmark concentration, set for acute toxicity to nonvascular plants, is 4,500 ppb. The highest concentrations found during sampling were over 64,000 times 

less than the established benchmark, suggesting very minimal risk. There are no MCLs established for 

bentazon. 

Dimethenamid
12 

Dimethenamid is a selective, pre-emergence herbicide for control of annual grasses, annual broadleaf 

weeds and sedges. In North Dakota, Dimethenamid is used primarily on corn and dry beans. 

Demethenamid is used on 145,400 acres in North Dakota annually (Zollinger, 2008). 

Dimethenamid was detected twice in North Dakota in the 2009 study, on the Red River near Brushville, 

MN in June and in October on the Goose River, a tributary of the Red River, at Hillsboro. The June 

detection was at 0.35 ppb and the October detection was at 0.36 ppb of dimethenamid. The detection was 

in a county of moderate dimethenamid use and downstream from a county with heavy dimethenamid use 

(Figure 7). 

Figure 7. Locations of dimethenamid surface water detections in 2009 and total dimethenamid use per 

county. 

The aquatic life benchmark for dimethenamid for the most sensitive species, aquatic vascular plants, is 

8.9 ppb. The highest detection of dimethenamid is more than 24 times less than the aquatic life 

benchmark. Therefore the detections found in North Dakota represent minimal risk to aquatic life. There 

are no MCLs established for dimethenamid. 

MCPA
13 

MCPA is a systemic herbicide used to control annual and perennial weeds in cereal grains and grassland. 

MCPA use in North Dakota is primarily used on wheat, barley, oats, flax, CRP and pasture. 933,600 

acres of MCPA are applied in North Dakota annually as a standalone product and 2,651,000 acres treated 

with a mixture that includes MCPA (Zollinger, 2008). 

There were two detections of MCPA in 2009 study, both in the southeast corner of the state (Figure 8). 

MCPA was detected at 0.9 ppb near Abercormbie, ND on the Wild Rice River, and at 1.5 ppb in the Red 

River near Brushville, MN. Detection of MCPA were in areas of moderate use, however we do not know 

what was used upstream of the Red River. Other areas of the state with more intensive MCPA use did 

not have any MCPA detections. 

Figure 8. Locations of MCPA surface water detections in 2009 and total MCPA use per county. 

The aquatic life benchmark for MCPA is 170 ppb for the most sensitive species, aquatic vascular plants. 

The highest concentration found during sampling was over 113 times lower than the established 

benchmark, suggesting minimal risk. There are no MCLs established for MCPA. 

>6,000
14 

The results of the 2009 monitoring project are similar to the pilot project conducted in 2006. The pilot 

project had monitoring at many of the same sites as the 2009 project, including the Sheyenne River in two 

locations, the Souris River West, James, Little Missouri, Cannonball, Heart, Goose and Red Rivers. The 

2006 pilot study showed only one pesticide detection of picloram at 0.23 ppb. That concentration was far 

below levels of concern for human and environmental health. Picloram was included as an analyte in the 

2008 and 2009 monitoring studies, but no picloram was detected. 

Several comparisons can be made between the 2008 and 2009 monitoring results. All sampling sites from 

2008 were included in the 2009 study, as were 180 of the 184 pesticides tested for in 2008. Fewer 

pesticides were found during the 2009 sampling than in 2008; in 2009, four pesticides were detected, 

while nine pesticides and one pesticide degradate were detected in 2008. In 2009, atrazine and bentazon 

were the most commonly detected pesticides, while 2,4-D and diuron were the most commonly detected 

pesticides in 2008. In 2009, all of the pesticides were below levels that may be harmful according to EPA 

standards. In 2008 one pesticide, diuron was found above an aquatic life benchmark. Diuron was tested 

for in 2009, but it was not found. 

We now have three years of ambient surface water sampling for pesticides in North Dakota. Results from 

these studies show that North Dakota rivers and streams have minimal pesticide contamination. This is a 

good sign for the environment and producers and others who rely on pesticides. All 2009 detections were 

below EPA’s aquatic life benchmarks and MCLs. According to these standards, the concentrations of 

pesticides found in North Dakota rivers and streams are not a risk to human health and the environment. 

Aquatic life benchmarks are determined by the most sensitive species tested. The concentrations of 

pesticide found in 2009 are not expected to harm aquatic life, including acute and chronic exposure to fish 

and invertebrates, acute concentration for vascular and non-vascular plants. 

This project is the only state-wide comprehensive surface water monitoring project for pesticides in North 

Dakota. For this reason, the project serves important purposes. If there are not impairments, it shows that 

current regulations are effective in mitigating risk of pesticide contamination to surface water. If 

impairments of rivers are found, these can be addressed through regulation and education. For example, 

in 2008 levels of diuron were found in the Souris River above aquatic life benchmarks. This is a problem 

that could have gone undetected for many years if not for this program. The department conducted 

investigations and outreach to the area following the 2008 detections. In 2009, there were no detections 

of diuron in the Souris River. Despite the inherent uncertainty of the cause of the diuron decrease, this is 

an excellent example of how a monitoring system can be useful in finding and mitigating a previously 

unnoticed problem. 

Without surface water data, federal agencies such as the EPA often use conservative models that tend to 

overestimate the concentrations of pesticides in surface water. Because of a lack of surface water 

monitoring data, these models are often used for decision making for policies such as set back areas from 

Conclusion
15 

surface water on labels, potential National Pollutant Discharge Eliminations Systems (NPDES) permits, 

and Endangered Species Bulletins. With more data from projects such as this one, EPA could rely on real 

world data instead of models for policy decisions. 

A lack of surface water data can also be a problem for state programs. At the present time, the 

Department has limited data on the levels of pesticides in surface water or on the frequency of occurrence, 

especially data on pesticide levels in lakes and wetlands. This lack of data has severely limited our 

ability to evaluate pesticide risks for many of pesticide regulatory programs. Without reliable water 

quality monitoring data, the Department has been forced to use models developed by the EPA to assess 

risk. These models are derived from data from other states, and the accuracy of the models is 

questionable. Quality data on pesticide concentrations and their occurrence in surface water would allow 

the Department to better protect surface water resources from pesticides, while not imposing unnecessary 

burdens to pesticide users.  Continuing and expanding this comprehensive, multi-year, state-wide 

pesticide monitoring program is invaluable to the Department to evaluate the potential risks of pesticide 

use to impair the state’s surface water resources. 

Gray, J.A., Orr, J.N. 2009. Surface Water Pesticide Monitoring and Assessment Project, 2008. North 

Dakota Department of Agriculture, 

http://www.agdepartment.com/PDFFiles/PesticideMonitoringReport2008.pdf

Gray, J.A., Orr, J.N. 2009. Quality Assurance Plan for the Pesticide Water Quality Monitoring Program. 

North Dakota Department of Agriculture, unpublished. 

Zollinger, R.K., M.P. McMullen, J. Knodel, J.A. Gray, D. Jantzi, G. Kimmet, K. Hagameister, and C. 

Schmitt. 2009. Pesticide use and pest management practices in North Dakota, 2008. North Dakota State 

University Ext. Publication W-1446. 

References
16 

Appendix A. Chain of Custody Form 
17 

Appendix B.  Full list of North Dakota pesticide surface water detections in 2009

Pesticide Concentration 

(ppb) 

Date Location Benchmark

(ppb) 

Reporting 

limit (ppb) 

atrazine 0.42 6/17/2009 380031 1 0.30 

atrazine 0.46 6/17/2009 380083 1 0.30 

atrazine 0.40 6/23/2009 384156 1 0.30 

atrazine 0.45 7/29/2009 380031 17.5 0.30 

bentazon 0.38 7/13/2009 384157 4,500 0.08 

bentazon 0.54 7/29/2009 384157 4,500 0.08 

bentazon 0.70 7/29/2009 380039 4,500 0.08 

dimethenamid 0.36 6/17/2009 380083 8.9 0.30 

dimethenamid 0.35 10/7/2009 380156 8.9 0.30 

MCPA 0.90 6/17/2009 380031 170 0.080 

MCPA 1.5 6/17/2009 380083 170 0.080 

Appendix C.  List of pesticides analyzed in the 2009 North Dakota Surface Monitoring Study

Analyte Trade name Type Reporting Limit 

2,4,5-T N/A H 0.080 ug/liter (ppb) 

2,4,5-TP (fenoprop) Silvex H 0.080 ug/liter (ppb) 

2,4-D 2,4-D, Weed-B-Gon H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

2,4-DB Butryac, Butoxone H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

3-Hydroxycarbofuran degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Acetochlor Surpass, Harnass H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Alachlor Intrro, Lariat, Lasso H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Aldicarb Temik I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Aldicarb sulfone degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Aldicarb sulfoxide degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Aldrin Aldrex I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Ametryn Evik, Gesapax H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Amitraz Avartan, Triatox, Mitac I 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Aspon N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Atrazine Aatrex, H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Azinphos-methyl Guthion, Bay I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Azoxystrobin Quadris F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Bendiocarb Dycarb, Niomil I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Benfluralin Balan H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Bifenthrin Talstar, Capture, 

Brigade 

I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Bolstar Sulprofos I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Bromacil Hyvar, Bromax H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Bromopropylate Acarol, Folbex I 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Captafol Captafol, Sanspor F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Captan Captanex, Orthocide F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Carbaryl Sevin, Savit I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Carbophenothion Trithion, Garrathion I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 
18 

Analyte Trade name Type Reporting Limit 

Carbofuran Furadan, Carbodan I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Carfentrazone-ethyl Aim H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlordane Belt, Chlortox I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlorfenvinphos N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlorobenzilate Akar, Acaraben I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chloroneb Terraneb F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlorothalonil Bravo, Ole, Farben F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlorpropham Furloe, Beet-kleen H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlorpyrifos Lorsban, Dursban I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Chlorpyrifos-methyl Reldan, Storcide I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Clopyralid Stinger, Curtail H 0.080 ug/liter (ppb) 

Coumaphos Resistox, Asuntol I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Cyanazine Bladex H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Cyfluthrin Tempo, Baythroid I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Cyhalothrin Grenade, Karate I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Cypermethrin Ammo I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dacthal Dacthal H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dacthal H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

DCPMU degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Deltamethrin Butox, K-Othrin I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Demeton-O N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Demeton-S 

(Metasystox) 

N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Diazinon Knox Out, Diazol I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dicamba Banvel H 0.080 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dichlorfenthion Mobilawn, Gro13 I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dichlorprop Weedone, Strike, 

Envert 

H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dichlorvos Vapona, DDVP I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Diclofop-methyl Hoelon H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dicloran Botran F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dicrotophos Bidrin I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dieldrin Dieldrex I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dimethenamid Outlook H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dimethoate Cygon, Roxion I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Dinoseb Aretit, Dinitro H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

Disulfoton Disyston, Dithiosystox I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Diuron Direx, Karmex H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Endosulfan I Thionex, Thiodan I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Endosulfan II Thionex I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Endosulfan sulfate degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Endrin Endrex I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Endrin aldehyde degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 
19 

Analyte Trade name Type Reporting Limit 

EPN N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Esfenvalerate Asana, Pydrin I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Ethalfluralin Sonalan H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Ethion Ethiol, Cethion I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Ethofumesate Progress, Tramat H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Ethoprop Mocap I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Famphur N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenarimol Rubigan F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenbuconazole Indar F 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenhexamid Elevate F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenitrothion Cyfen, Folithion I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenobucarb Folistar, Prostar, 

Moncut 

F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenoxaprop-ethyl Puma, Option, Whip H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fensulfothion Terracur, Dasanit I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenthion Baytex I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenuron Dybar, PDU H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fenvalerate Pydrin I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fipronil Regent I 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fludioxanil Maxim, Celest F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Flumioxazin Sumisoya, Valor H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fluometuron Cortoran, Lanex H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Fluroxypyr-meptyl Starane H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Flutolanil Moncoat F 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Folpet Cosan, Fungitrol F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Heptachlor Heptamule I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Heptachlor epoxide degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Hexachlorobenzene HCB F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Hexazinone Velpar H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Imazamethabenz Assert H 0.02 ug/liter (ppb) 

Imidacloprid Touchstone PF I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Iprodione Rovral F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Isoxaben Cent 7, Gallery H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Kelthane Dicofol I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Linuron Linex, Lorox H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Malathion Malathion, Cythion I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

MCPA MCP H 20 ug/liter (ppb) 

MCPP Encore, Trimec H 20 ug/liter (ppb) 

Mefenoxam Apron, 

Dividend,Dynasty 

F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Metalaxyl Hi-Yield, Ridomil F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Methidathion Somonic, suprathion I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Methiocarb Mesurol I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 
20 

Analyte Trade name Type Reporting Limit 

Methomyl Lannate I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Methoxychlor Methoxychlor I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Metolachlor Dual, Magnum H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Metribuzin Sencor, Lexone H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Mevinphos Phosdrin I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Mirex Ferriamicide, 

Dechlorane 

I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Monocrotophos N/A I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Monuron CMU, Telvar I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Myclobutanil Rally F 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Neburon Kloben H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Norflurazon Solicam H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Oryzalin Surflan H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Ovex Ovochlor, Ovotran I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Oxamyl Vydate I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Oxyflorfen Goal H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

p,p'-DDD N/A I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

p,p'-DDE degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

p,p'-DDT N/A I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Parathion Parathion, Thiophos I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Parathion-methyl Penncap-M, Folidol-M I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

PCA degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

PCNB (quintozene) Terraclor, Tritisan F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pendimethalin Prowl H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pentachlorophenol PCP H 0.080 ug/liter (ppb) 

Permethrin Ambush, Pounce I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Phorate Thimet I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Phosmet Imidan I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Phosphamidon Phosphamidon I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Picloram Tordon H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pirimicarb Pirimor I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pirimiphos-methyl Tomahawk,Silosan I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Prodiamine Barricade H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Prometon Pramitol H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Prometryn Caparol H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pronamide Kerb H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propachlor Ramrod H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propanil Stampede, Prop-Job H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propargite Comite, Omite I 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propazine Milogard F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propham IPC H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propiconazole Banner, Tilt, Radar F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Propoxur Baygon I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pyraclostrobin Cabrio, Headline F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 
21 

Analyte Trade name Type Reporting Limit 

Pyrethrins Wilson, Mushroom 

House 

I 1.2 ug/liter (ppb) 

Pyridaben Pyromite, Dynomite I 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Quinclorac Paramount H 0.20 ug/liter (ppb) 

Sethoxydim Poast H 6.0 ug/liter (ppb) 

Siduron Tupersan H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Simazine Princep H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Simetryn Gybon H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Sulfentrazone Spartan H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Tebuconazole Folicur F 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Tebuthiuron Spike H 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Terbacil Sinbar H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Terbufos Counter I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Tetrachlorvinphos Disvap I 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Thiabendazole Arbotect F 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Thiobencarb Bolero, Saturn, Abolish H 0.30 ug/liter (ppb) 

Toxaphene Phenatox,Toxakil I 6.0 ug/liter (ppb) 

Triadimefon Bayleton F 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Trichlorfon Dylox, Neguvon I 0.60 ug/liter (ppb) 

Triclopyr Garlon H 0.080 ug/liter (ppb) 

Trifloxystrobin Ronilan F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Triflumazole Terraguard, Procure F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Trifluralin Treflan, Trilin H 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

Vinclozalin Ronilan F 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

α-BHC degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

β-BHC degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

γ-BHC (Lindane) Gamma BHC I 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

δ-BHC degradate D 0.12 ug/liter (ppb) 

 

* H=Herbicide, F=Fungicide, I=Insecticide, D=Degradate