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BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

Framework Public Meeting 

for Automatic Commercial Ice-Maker 

(ACIM) Equipment

pictures 

Charles Llenza

December 16, 2010

ACIM-2010-STD-0037@ee.doe.gov
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• Meeting Agenda

• Introductions

• Role of the Facilitator

• Ground Rules

– Listen as an ally

– Focus on issues

– Use short, succinct statements/keep to the point

– One person speaks at a time (raise hand to be recognized; state your 

name for the record)

– Hold sidebar conversations outside the room

– Set cell phones to silent/vibrate

• Housekeeping Items

Welcome and Introductions
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Attending Parties Opening Statements

At this time DOE welcomes opening remarks/statements on the 

framework document for automatic commercial ice-makers. 
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview and Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
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Meeting Purpose

• Present procedural and analytical approaches to evaluate energy 

conservation standards for automatic commercial 

ice-makers.

• Provide a forum for public discussion of rulemaking issues.

• Encourage interested parties to submit data, information, and written 

comments.

• Inform interested parties and facilitate the rulemaking process.

Introduction
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Introduction

Issue Box: In the Rulemaking Framework Document for 

Automatic Commercial Ice-Making Equipment, DOE welcomes 

comments on particular issues raised in a text box like this. 

Throughout this presentation, specific issues will be raised for 

discussion on slides such as this, with identifying numbers 

corresponding to those in the framework document. In addition, 

DOE has added some questions that are not in the framework 

document. These questions are identified by a letter. 

Nonetheless, comments concerning any part of the document or 

presentation are welcome.

Note: The presentation contains the majority of the questions as 

presented in the Framework document. For a complete set of 

questions, please refer to Appendix A of the Framework 

document.

Request for Comment Format
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview & Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
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Regulatory History

• Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975 

(Public Law 94-163).

– Established the energy conservation program.

– Energy Policy Act (EPACT) 2005 amendment to EPCA.

– Prescribed standards for cube ice-makers with capacities between 50 and 

2,500 lb per 24-hour period, effective January 1, 2010.

– Authorizes DOE to issue standards for other types of automatic commercial 

ice-makers that are not covered by 42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(2)(A).

– Directed DOE, no later than January 1, 2015, to issue a final rule after 

determining whether amending the applicable standards is technologically 

feasible and economically justified. 42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(3)(A)

Energy Conservation Standard
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Test Procedure

• The previous DOE test procedure final rule, published in 

December 2006, adopted ARI Standard 810-2003 as the DOE 

test procedure. 71 FR 71340, 71350.

– References ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 

(RA 2005) as the method of test.

– Adopts a revised method for calculating the energy 

consumption rate.

• An updated AHRI test procedure has since been published –

AHRI Standard 810-2007. 

• ASHRAE has since updated its standard to ASHRAE Standard 

29-2009.

Regulatory History
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview & Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
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Scope

Regulatory Definition

• Section 136(a)(4) of EPACT 2005 defines “automatic 

commercial ice maker” as:

– [A] factory-made assembly (not necessarily shipped in one package) 

that –

• (A) consists of a condensing unit and ice-making section operating as an 

integrated unit, with means for making and harvesting ice; and

• (B) may include means for storing ice, dispensing ice, or storing and 

dispensing ice.
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• ECS – Energy Conservation Standard.

• Ice Making Head (IMH): A model with the ice-making mechanism and the condensing 

unit in a single package, but with a separate ice storage bin.

• Remote Condensing Unit (RCU) or Split System Unit: A model in which the ice-making 

mechanism and condenser or condensing unit are in separate sections.

• Self-Contained (SCU): A model in which the ice-making mechanism and storage 

compartment are in an integral cabinet.

• Cubed: Cubed ice machines have an alternate freezing and harvesting period. Water is 

circulated over an evaporator where it freezes until cubes are fully formed. The cubed 

ice is then harvested and moved to storage. The ice may be in cube shape, or in a 

variation of a solid shape.

• Flake: Flake ice machines produce ice continuously, usually in a barrel-shaped 

evaporator. An auger inside the evaporator scrapes ice off the sides into a storage bin.

• Nugget: Nugget ice machines use the same process as flake machines but compress the 

ice flakes into nuggets. 

• Potable water: Potable water is the water used in making ice that becomes ice or is 

drained as dump water.

Scope

Definitions for Today’s Discussion
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Scope

• EPCA, as amended by EPACT 2005, prescribed standards for automatic 

commercial ice-makers, effective January 1, 2010. 42 U.S.C. 6313(d)

Equipment Type* Type of 

Cooling

Harvest Rate

lb ice/24 hours

Maximum Energy Use

kWh/100 lb ice

Maximum Condenser 

Water Use--gal/100 lb 

ice

Ice-Making Head

Water

<500 7.80 - 0.0055Hb 200 - 0.022H

≥500 and <1,436 5.58 - 0.0011H 200 - 0.022H

≥1,436 4.0 200 - 0.022H

Air

<450 10.26 - 0.0086H N/A

≥450 6.89 - 0.0011H N/A

Remote Condensing 

(but not remote 

compressor)

Air

<1,000 8.85 - 0.0038H N/A

≥1,000 5.10 N/A

Remote Condensing and 

Remote Compressor Air

<934 8.85 - 0.0038H N/A

≥934 5.3 N/A

Self-Contained

Water <200 11.40 - 0.019H 191 - 0.0315H

≥200 7.60 191 - 0.0315H

Air <175 18.0 - 0.069H N/A

≥175 9.80 N/A

*Applicable to cube machines only
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Key Issues

• Coverage of ice produced, e.g. block, flake, nugget, cracked

– DOE is considering to issue a new standard for continuous-type flake 

and nugget, and tube machines with capacities between 50 and 4,000 

lb per 24-hour period.

• Coverage as it relates to size, defined by 24-hour harvest rate, 

– DOE is considering amending the existing standard for cube machines 

and extending it to include machines with capacities up to 4,000 lb per 

24-hour period.

• Test Procedure update.

• Potable water use.

• Stand-by and off-mode energy use.

Scope

Additional Comment A - DOE welcomes the identification of additional 

key scoping issues not identified here or within the framework 

document.
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview & Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
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Rulemaking Overview & Framework

EPCA Seven Factors

• 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i) directs DOE to consider seven factors when setting 

energy conservation standards:

EPCA Factors DOE Analysis

1. Economic impact on consumers and 

manufacturers

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and

Manufacturer Impact Analysis

2. Lifetime operating cost savings compared to 

increased cost for the equipment

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

3. Total projected energy savings National Impact Analysis 

4. Impact on utility or performance Engineering Analysis and

Screening Analysis

5. Impact of any lessening of competition Manufacturer Impact Analysis

6. Need for national energy conservation National Impact Analysis

7. Other factors the Secretary considers relevant Environmental Assessment,

Utility Impact Analysis, and

Employment Impact Analysis
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Rulemaking Overview & Framework

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis

Notice of 

Proposed 

Rulemaking 

(NOPR)

Final

Rule

• DOE published a Federal Register notice on November 19, 2010. 75 FR 70852

• Today’s public meeting covers the Framework documents for automatic 

commercial ice-makers (ACIM).

• Framework document provides:

– Overview of the rulemaking process

– Provides avenues for interested parties to submit comments by January 18, 2011.

– The framework information and materials are available online at:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/automatic_ice_making_equipment.html 

Rulemaking Process Steps
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Framework 

Document 

Public Meeting 

December 16, 2010 

Rulemaking Overview & Framework

ECS Preliminary 

Analysis

Public Meeting

Planned - September 2011

ECS NOPR

Public Meeting

Planned - May 2012

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016

Estimated ECS Final Rule 

Compliance Date 

January 2015

2015

TP NOPR Public 

Meeting 

Planned – Spring 2011

Rulemaking Timeline
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview & Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market and Technology Assessment 

• Characterize the markets, the automatic commercial ice-maker industry, and the 

potential technological measures that improve efficiency.

Method

• Identify and characterize manufacturers of automatic commercial ice-makers;

• Estimate shipments and trends in the market;

• Identify regulatory and non-regulatory initiatives intended to improve the 

efficiency of the equipment covered under this rulemaking; and

• Identify technologies that could improve efficiency of equipment.
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 3-1 DOE seeks information on annual shipments into the 

U.S. market from 1995 to 2010 (both domestic and imports) by 

equipment class, and the corresponding shipment-weighted average 

efficiency of these shipments.

Item 3-2 DOE seeks information on the proportion(s) of equipment 

shipped annually that replaces existing equipment.

Additional Comment B - DOE seeks input and data on estimates of 

market shares, equipment features, and efficiency trends for the 

automatic commercial ice-makers covered in this rulemaking. 

Additional Comment C - DOE seeks input on distribution channels 

used for sales of covered equipment.

Request for Comments
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Proposed Classes for Commercial Ice-Makers

Type of Ice

Equipment Type Type of 

Cooling

Harvest Capacity Rate

lb/day Cube Flake Nugget

Ice-Making Head

Water

<500 Existing Potential Potential

≥500 and <1,436 Existing Potential Potential

≥1,436 Existing Potential Potential

Air

<450 Existing Potential Potential

≥450 Existing Potential Potential

Remote Condensing 

(but not remote compressor) Air <1,000 Existing Potential Potential

≥1,000 Existing Potential Potential

Remote Condensing and Remote 

Compressor Air

<934 Existing Potential Potential

≥934 Existing Potential Potential

Self-Contained Unit

Water

<200 Existing Potential Potential

≥200 Existing Potential Potential

Air

<175 Existing Potential Potential

≥175 Existing Potential Potential

Designed for Connection to a 

Compressor Rack System TBD ALL N/A Potential Potential
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 3-4 DOE requests feedback on promulgating a new standard to include 

flake, nugget, and tube-type ice-making machines. 

Item 3-6 DOE requests feedback on tube-type machines. DOE understands 

the machines have tube-shaped evaporators and/or make tube-shaped ice 

and that these machines operate cyclically like cube machines, but they do 

not produce clear ice. DOE requests comment on whether separate 

equipment classes should be established for such equipment. If yes, what 

are the appropriate capacity ranges for these classes? If not, with which of 

the proposed equipment classes should the tube machines be grouped?

Request for Comment
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Additional Comment D - DOE seeks comments on whether a 

separate product class is needed for ice makers designed for 

connection to a remote compressor rack system.

Additional Comment E - DOE seeks comment on the appropriate 

capacity breakdown by harvest rate for ice rack-connected 

machines.

Item 3-7 DOE requests feedback concerning the proposed harvest 

rate breakdowns, and if they accurately reflect the current market.

Item 3-9 DOE requests comment on including ice-makers with 

capacities greater than 4,000 pounds per day in this rulemaking. If 

DOE should include standards for ice-makers with capacities larger 

than 4,000 pounds per day, what should the range of capacities be 

in this rulemaking

Request for Comment (cont.)
Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Commercial Ice Maker Energy Use by Sector. ADL, 1996.

Office

4%

Retail

9%

Food 

Service

14%

Food 

Sales

4%

Education

8%

Lodging

22%

Health 

Care

39%

ENERGY STAR – No 

specified building use type

FEMP – No specified 

building use type

CEE – Member programs 

target restaurant 

applications

Additional Comment F - DOE requests input on regulatory and nonregulatory initiatives, in addition to ENERGY STAR, the CEE, and FEMP.

Regulatory and Non-Regulatory Impacts
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Equipment Applicability 

Technology Options Cube Flake Nugget Tube Note 

Higher-efficiency compressors √ √ √ √

Larger condenser √ √ √ √

Higher-efficiency condenser fan/motor, more 

condenser air flow √ √ √ √ N/A for water cooled equipment 

Higher-efficiency auger motor N/A √ √ N/A 

Higher-efficiency pump/motor √ N/A N/A √

Drain water thermal exchange √ N/A N/A N/A 

Reduced harvest meltage √ N/A NA √

Reduced evaporator thermal cycling √ N/A NA √

Better/thicker insulation √ √ √ √

More condenser water flow √ √ √ √ N/A for air cooled 

machines

Less potable water flow √ N/A N/A N/A 

Larger-diameter suction line √ √ √ √ Remote-compressor 

equipment

Brazed plate condenser √ √ √ √ Only for water cooled 

equipment
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 3-10 What technologies or designs, if any, should be added to or 

removed from the above list? If certain technologies on the list are not 

applicable to all equipment classes, what equipment classes are 

affected? In commenting on design options, please discuss any potential 

impacts on safety, performance, and consumer utility.

Request for Comment 
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• EPACT 2005 established standards for condenser water use for 

water-cooled automatic commercial ice-makers.

• DOE has identified several issues pertaining to the amendment of the condenser water 

use standards:

– Reduction of condenser water use can increase energy use.

– The cost impacts of condenser water use reductions can vary, depending on the 

source (tap water flushed down the drain, cooling tower, chilled water, pumped 

well water).

– The energy saving technologies indirectly allow reduction of condenser water use 

by preventing energy use increase when condenser water flow is decreased, 

however DOE has not identified technology options that directly reduce condenser 

water use. 

Additional Comment G - DOE seeks comment whether any technology 

options not yet identified are available to reduce condenser water use; 

and seeks data sources on the prevalence of different sources for cooling 

water.

Consideration of Condenser Water Use
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure 

Potable Water 

• DOE is considering the regulation of potable water used in making ice, in 

addition to condenser water use. 

• Reducing potable water use is expected to reduce energy use; hence the energy 

standard tends to indirectly limit potable water use.
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 3-11 DOE requests feedback on potable water use as a metric.

Item 3-12 DOE requests comment on the relationship between 

potable water use and energy efficiency. Specifically, to what degree 

is potable water efficiency likely to increase with increased stringency 

of energy efficiency requirements for the ice-makers covered under 

this rulemaking without explicit potable water efficiency 

requirements?

Item 3-13 DOE seeks feedback on including total water use in the 

technological assessment.

Item 3-14 DOE seeks input on what technologies or designs should 

be considered to improve water efficiencies (both potable and 

condenser water).

Request for Comment 
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Impacts on health or safety

Impacts on equipment utility or availability to 

consumers

Practicability to manufacture, install, and service

Technological feasibility

• Purpose - Screen out technology options that DOE will not consider in the 

engineering analysis for automatic commercial ice-maker equipment.

• Approach - DOE will evaluate each technology option based on the following 

four screening criteria:

Item 4-1 DOE welcomes comments on the four screening criteria.

Screening Analysis
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• A key factor in setting the standard is the increased cost of more-efficient 

equipment.

• The engineering analysis determines the relationship between cost and 

efficiency.

Rulemaking Analyses

• Life-Cycle Cost and Payback 

Period

• Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

• Employment Impact Analysis

Manufacturer Selling Price –

Efficiency Relationship

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Efficiency Level

Engineering Analysis Goals
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 5-6 DOE requests feedback on the use of a combined analysis 

approach that uses multiple information sources to determine the 

relationship between manufacturer selling price and energy consumption 

for automatic commercial ice-makers.

• Engineering Analysis Approaches

– Design Option Approach: Determination of efficiency and improvement potential 

based on individual and groups of design options.

– Efficiency Level Approach: Cost information collected (i.e., from the industry) at 

predetermined efficiency levels to represent cost/efficiency relationship.

– Reverse Engineering Approach: Costs for the efficiency levels associated with 

reverse-engineered products are calculated using a manufacturing cost model.

• DOE intends to use a combination of these approaches, using multiple 

available data sources to develop the cost-efficiency relationships.

Engineering Analysis Methodology 
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• DOE must consider the potential tradeoffs between energy use and condenser 

water use of water-cooled equipment in its engineering analysis.

Item 5-1 DOE seeks comments from stakeholders providing insights 

regarding such trade-offs.

Item 5-4 DOE seeks comment on simplifying assumptions that may be 

made to reduce the potential complexity of maximizing benefits 

associated with both water and energy use reductions.

Energy Use/Condenser Water Use Tradeoffs
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• In many rulemakings, DOE requests cost-efficiency data from the industry to 

supplement its own analysis.

• This data is generally collected and aggregated by the applicable trade organization 

(AHRI for automatic commercial ice-makers) to protect the privacy of the information 

provided by individual manufacturers.

Item 5-2 DOE requests comments on the best ways to collect such 

information from the industry. DOE anticipates that such data might 

be collected and aggregated by AHRI for submittal to DOE.

Item 5-3 DOE requests input on appropriate categories and questions 

to be included in such requests for data.

Item 5-4A DOE seeks comments and recommendations regarding the 

potential data collection efforts that might be made by industry 

participants to support this rulemaking, and the possible structure of 

data request forms that could be used to assist such efforts. 

Industry Data Collection
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

# Equip. 

Type

Capacity 

lb/24 hr

Energy 

kWh/100 lb ice

Potable Water 

gal/100 lb ice

Condenser Water 

gal/100 lb ice

Width 

in. Energy Test

1 IMH - A 270 7.7 20 0 30 x

2 IMH - A 324 5.8 22.6 0 22 x

3 IMH - A 780 5.7 20.5 0 30

4 IMH - A 844 5 18.4 0 30

5 IMH - A 1,460 4.95 20 0 48

6 IMH - A 1,560 4.1 18.8 0 48 x

7 IMH - W 851 4.4 19.7 153 30

8 IMH - W 2,820 3.6 19.7 166 48 x

9 RCU - A 1,510 4.59 20 0 48

10 RCU - A 1,694 3.8 18.1 0 36 x

11 RCU - A 2,350 4.64 19.7 0 48

12 SCU - A 121 8.4 17.8 0 23.75 x

13 SCU - A 112 11.8 34 0 24

14 SCU - W 285 5.5 18 180 30 x

• DOE plans to purchase for teardown the following cube-type ice-making machines.

• Roughly half will be tested prior to teardown, as indicated.

Product Teardowns and Testing
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

# Equip. 

Type

Flake/

Nugget

Capacity 

lb/24 hr

Energy 

kWh/100 lb ice

Width 

in. Energy Test

15 IMH - A N 310 7.4 22

16 IMH - A N 822 5.4 30

17 IMH - A F 845 3.4 21 x

18 RCU - A F 1780 2.5 42 x

19 SCU - A N 280 5.7 16 x

• DOE plans to purchase for teardown the following flake and nugget machines. 

Some will be tested, as indicated.

Additional Comment H - DOE requests comments on its plans for 

teardowns and testing. In particular, what types, capacities, or sizes of 

equipment are not sufficiently well represented?

Product Teardowns and Testing (contd.)
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 5-5 DOE is also interested in receiving equipment test data (test 

procedure used, rating conditions, harvest rate, voltage, integrated 

average product temperature, daily energy consumption, etc.). Test data 

representative of the baseline model in each equipment class is 

particularly important.

• DOE realizes that its own test efforts are limited and that additional test 

data may be helpful for both the engineering analysis and the test 

procedure rulemaking.

Equipment Test Data
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• DOE proposes the following baseline efficiency levels for the analyses.

• Numerical Levels are presented in the Framework Document.

Item 3-17 DOE seeks feedback on the proposed baselines.

* The NRCan standard for Flake/Nugget machines distinguishes only the type of cooling (air or water) 

and capacity (<700 lb/day and >700 lb/day).

Equipment Class Baselines for both Energy Use and 

Condenser Water Use (for watercooled equipment)

Potable water Use 

(if regulated)

Cubers Current DOE Standard Average for the class

Flake and Nugget 

Machines

Option 1: Natural Resources Canada 

(NRCan) Standard*

Option 2: Two-part curves based on 

best fit of the equipment efficiency 

data

Not applicable, since 

variation is not 

expected.

Baseline Efficiency Levels
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Description* Baseline EL1 EL2 EL3 EL4 EL5

Max.

Available

IMH-W-Small DOE Standard 10% 15% 20% 25%

IMH-W-Med DOE Standard 10% 15% 20% 22%

IMH-W-Large DOE Standard 10% 15% 20% 23%

IMH-A-Small DOE Standard 10% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 20% 24%

IMH-A-Large DOE Standard 10% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 20% 21%

RCU-NRC-Small DOE Standard 9% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 20% 25% 20%

RCU-NRC-Large DOE Standard 9% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 20% 25% 27%

RCU-RC-Small DOE Standard 9% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 12%

RCU-RC-Large DOE Standard 9% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 15%

SCU-W-Small DOE Standard 7% 15% 20% 25% 25%

SCU-W-Large DOE Standard 7% 15% 20% 25% 28%**

SCU-A-Small DOE Standard 7% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 20% 25% 30% 32%

SCU-A-Large DOE Standard 7% (E-STAR) 15% (CEE3) 20% 25% 30% 31%

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Incremental Proposed efficiency levels (EL) for cube machines

*ENERGY STAR and CEE labels apply to air-cooled cube machines at the efficiency levels indicated.

**This is the max available for “undercounter” self-contained equipment.
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Proposed efficiency levels (EL) for flake and nugget machines 

(Option 1)

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Description Baseline

Min. 

Available* EL1 EL2 EL3 EL4 EL5 EL6

Max.

Available*

IMH-W-Small NRCan Standard 28% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%46%

IMH-W-Large NRCan Standard 19% 48%

IMH-A-Small NRCan Standard -33% 10% 20% 30% 35% 40% 45%47%

IMH-A-Large NRCan Standard 16% 52%

RCU-NRC-Small NRCan Standard 16% 15% 25% 35% 40% 45% 50%28%

RCU-NRC-Large NRCan Standard 19% 64%

RCU-RC NRCan Standard 20% 10% 20% 25% 30%

RCU-Rack NRCan Standard 60% ** 91%

SCU-W-Small NRCan Standard 15% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

SCU-W-Large NRCan Standard No products currently available

SCU-A-Small NRCan Standard -11% 10% 20% 30% 35% 40% 45% 46%

SCU-A-Large NRCan Standard No products currently available

*DOE determined “Min Available” and “Max Available” efficiency levels based on products on manufacturer 

websites and in the CEC, ENERGY STAR, CEE, AHRI, and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) databases.

** Efficiency levels reported for these products are based on the NRCan Standard, but the ultimate selection 

will depend on decisions made for measurement of their energy use.
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Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Additional Comment I - DOE seeks input from stakeholders about its 

proposed efficiency levels (these may be used for collecting incremental 

cost data from manufacturers). DOE also seeks input from stakeholders 

on appropriate maximum technologically feasible efficiency levels.

Request for Comment 
Building Technologies Program 46 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• DOE will evaluate all design options that are commercially available or present 

in a working prototype, including proprietary designs and technologies.

• Proprietary designs will only be considered if they do not present a unique 

path to a given efficiency level.

• The confidentiality of manufacturers will be maintained.

Item 5-8 Are there proprietary designs that DOE should consider in the 

analyses for any of the equipment under consideration by this 

rulemaking? If so, how should DOE acquire the cost data necessary for 

evaluating these designs? Conversely, are there proprietary designs that 

should not be considered? Which products use these designs? 

Proprietary Designs
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• Current DOE Test Procedure

– ARI Standard 810-2003, final rule published in December 2006 (71 

FR 71340, 71350)

– References ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005) as the method of 

test.

– Adopts a revised method for calculating the energy consumption 

rate. 

• Updates for the Current Test Procedure Rulemaking

– An updated AHRI test procedure has since been published – AHRI 

Standard 810-2007. 

– ASHRAE has since updated its standard to ASHRAE Standard 29-

2009.

– Standby and Off Modes are not being considered.

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Test Procedure Update
Building Technologies Program 48 eere.energy.gov

• EPCA provides that if ARI Standard 810-2003 is amended, the Secretary shall amend 

the DOE test procedure to be consistent unless to do so would not meet the EPCA 

requirements for test procedures. 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(B)

• DOE is considering referencing AHRI Standard 810-2007 as the DOE test procedure.

– Expands the test procedure to apply to cube- (or batch-) type and continuoustype automatic commercial ice-makers, regardless of ice type, with capacities up 

to 4,000 lb per day. 

• DOE is also considering referencing ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 in the DOE test 

procedure.

– Reflects same changes as AHRI Standard 810-2007.

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Additional Comment J - DOE requests comment on modifying the current DOE 

test procedure to reference the updated AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE 

Standard 29-2009.

Updating to Current Industry Versions
Building Technologies Program 49 eere.energy.gov

• DOE recognizes that there are automatic ice-makers in the market with 

capacities larger than 4,000 lb per 24 hours.

• DOE understands larger capacity machines can be tested using the test 

methods in AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009.

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Additional Comment K - DOE requests comment on applying the AHRI 

810-2007 test procedure to larger capacity equipment. 

Larger Capacity Equipment Testing
Building Technologies Program 50 eere.energy.gov

• The current DOE test procedure requires reporting condenser water use only.

• DOE is considering adding a method to calculate the total water use:

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Additional Comment L - DOE requests comment on the proposed 

calculation of total water use. 

total water use (gal/100 lb ice) = 

condenser water use (gal/100 lb ice) + 

potable water used in making ice (gal/100 lb ice)

Total Water Use Metric Calculation
Building Technologies Program 51 eere.energy.gov

• Inconsistency in reporting of energy use of remote condensing ice 

makers:

– Ice Makers with dedicated remote condensing units report energy consumption 

of the total ice making machine, including the ice making head, compressor and 

condenser.

– Ice Makers that are meant to be used with a remote compressor rack that could 

serve multiple appliances report only the energy use of the ice making head. 

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Remote Condensing Unit Testing Issue
Building Technologies Program 52 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

DOE sees three potential options to address this issue:

1. A calculation method that applies a default factor to the IMH energy consumption 

that is representative of remote condenser and compressor rack energy use

2. A measurement method that measures the energy use of a remote condensing ice 

maker with a designated remote condenser

3. Continue to report only energy consumed by the IMH without remote condenser or 

compressor energy use 

Additional Comment M - DOE requests comment on how the energy 

consumption of ice makers that are designed to be connected to a remote 

rack should be calculated in the DOE test procedure. Specifically, DOE 

requests comment on the pros and cons of the three proposed methods.

Remote Condensing Unit Testing Issue (cont.)
Building Technologies Program 53 eere.energy.gov

• DOE has identified several factors that may affect the accuracy and repeatability of 

test procedure results, including:

– Water Hardness

– Ice quality

– Ice temperature

– Diameter and insulation of refrigeration line

– Condenser air inlet temperature

– Top clearance above ice-maker 

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Additional Comment N - DOE requests comment on potential 

inaccuracies or sources of error in the test procedure, including but not 

limited to the items listed above. If large sources of error exist, DOE 

requests comment on how the test procedure might be amended to 

address these inaccuracies. 

Test Procedure Accuracy
Building Technologies Program 54 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 55 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Proposed Percentage Distribution of Shipments by Market Channel

Self-Contained* Equipment %

New and Replacement 

Construction

National 

Account

Distributor Contractor

30 35 35

Remote Condensing Equipment %

New and Replacement 

Construction

National 

Account

Distributor Contractor

70 15 15

* Self-Contained equipment includes Ice-Making Head and Self-Contained as 

defined by EPACT 2005, and Flake and Nugget analogues. Remote Condensing 

includes all other equipment types.
Building Technologies Program 56 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Types of Markups in Distribution Chain

• Baseline Markups:

– Markups relate consumer price to cost of goods sold (CGS).

– Baseline markups relate price to cost prior to a change in efficiency.

– Baseline markups indicate a consumer price that covers all of a distributor’s or 

contractor’s expenses plus profit.

• Incremental Markups:

– Incremental markups relate the incremental change in consumer price to the 

incremental change in CGS.

– Certain costs, such as direct labor costs (salaries, payroll, rental and occupancy), do 

not vary with efficiency induced changes in CGS and remain constant in the 

calculation of incremental markups.

– Incremental markups cover only expenses that vary with CGS − in this case, 

expenses that increase due to an increase in equipment efficiency.
Building Technologies Program 57 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 7-1 DOE requests information on the proposed distribution channels for the 

commercial ice-making equipment covered under this rulemaking. 

Item 7-2 DOE requests information on whether the distribution channels differ by the 

types of buildings that comprise the market for automatic commercial ice-makers, namely, 

food sales establishments, food service establishments, health care facilities, lodging 

facilities, and others. 

Item 7-3 DOE requests feedback on its proposal to use incremental distribution channel 

markups for the LCC analysis. 

Item 7-4 DOE seeks comment on sources of food service equipment distribution chain 

data that could be used to characterize markups for the food service equipment industry. 

Item 7-5 DOE seeks comment on appropriate transportation and shipping costs to include 

in the analysis and whether those costs are likely to vary for higher-efficiency equipment. 

Request for Comment
Building Technologies Program 58 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 59 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Energy Use Characterization

• Analyze energy and water use and end-use load characterization to assess the 

energy and water savings potential of different equipment efficiencies. 

• Provide the basis for the unit energy costs used in the life-cycle cost analysis.

Issues

• Assumptions regarding the distribution, both by number and type of ice maker 

by building occupancy type

• The relationship between building occupancy type and utilization factor

• Energy use impacts of utilization factors and resulting down-cycling 

• Impact of indoor machines on heating and cooling loads
Building Technologies Program 60 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Current Use and Utilization Factor Assumptions

Building Type Utilization Factor 

(Duty Cycle)

Percent Remote

Condensing Units

Education .5 TBD

Food Sales .5 TBD

Food Service .5 TBD

Health Care .5 TBD

Lodging .5 TBD

Retail .5 TBD

Office .5 TBD
Building Technologies Program 61 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 6-1 DOE seeks data or data sources that could be used to 

characterize the energy use of automatic commercial ice-making 

equipment. 

Item 6-2 DOE seeks feedback on the assumption that commercial icemaking machine operation has a negligible impact on the building spaceconditioning loads.

Additional Comment O – DOE seeks confirmation of number of 

equipment by building type, as shown on the previous slide

Additional Comment P – DOE seeks confirmation of current utilization 

factors as is shown on the previous slide, or if it varies by building type, 

and if that factor captures both percentage of total use and downcycling, or whether those are two different factors. 

Request for Comment
Building Technologies Program 62 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 63 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) and Payback Period (PBP) Analysis

• Assess the net LCC and PBP for different efficiency levels.

Analysis

• LCC equals consumer price plus the sum of annual operating costs discounted to 

a particular base year.

• Economic evaluation performed from the consumer perspective.

• Analysis implemented in an Excel spreadsheet.

• Results expressed as LCC difference (baseline minus standard level).

• Simple payback equals the incremental first cost divided by the operating cost 

savings for 1 year.

Consumer LifeCycle Cost

(baseline and standard)

LCC Impacts

(difference between

Operating Cost baseline and standard)

(sum & discount to present 

value)

First Cost

(consumer price & 

installation)
Building Technologies Program 64 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

LCC Flowchart

Baseline

Manufacturer

Price

Std-Level

Manufacturer

Price

Installation

Cost

From 

Engineering 

Analysis

(Price is a 

Function of 

Efficiency)

From Markups 

for Equipment 

Price 

Determination 

Analysis

Repair Cost

Maintenance

Cost

Lifetime

Discount Rate

Electricity

Price Trend

From Energy Use 

Characterization 

Analysis 

Energy and 

Water 

Consumption

Power and 

Water Demand

Distributor

Markup

Sales Tax

Mechanical

Contractor

Markup

Consumer

Price

Data Inputs

Intermediate Analysis

Output Results

Total Installed

Cost

Annual Energy

Expense

Annual

Operating

Expense

Lifetime

Operating

Expense

Payback

Period

Life-Cycle

Cost

Electricity and 

Water Prices
Building Technologies Program 65 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• DOE proposes to develop nationwide estimates of water and wastewater costs 

and incorporate these estimates into the annual operating cost, LCC, and PBP 

analyses. 

• Sources such as the American Water Works Association’s (AWWA’s) biennial 

price survey and other surveys of retail water purveyors will be compiled to 

establish base year prices. 

• DOE anticipates using data from multiple years’ surveys to establish trends for 

purposes of developing water price forecasts. 

Item 8-8 DOE seeks input on the proposed methodology for developing 

estimates of national water costs and potential savings associated with 

the proposed rule. 

Water Prices
Building Technologies Program 66 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• DOE bases repair costs on annualized costs of key components and frequency 

of replacement in the field.

• Maintenance costs will be based on estimates of preventative maintenance 

and a separate estimate of maintenance for different 

ice-making technologies. 

• Unless the efficiency increases considered for this rulemaking result in 

significantly larger or heavier equipment, DOE expects that more-efficient 

automatic commercial ice-making equipment will not incur increased 

installation costs. 

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Costs
Building Technologies Program 67 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 8-3 DOE seeks answers to the question: What are the typical installation, 

maintenance, and repair costs and practices during the life cycle of an originally 

manufactured automatic commercial ice-making machine? 

Item 8-4 What is a typical time period between the sale of a new product and the 

first maintenance or repairs? What are the typical cycles of maintenance and 

repairs? 

Item 8-5 DOE seeks feedback on whether and how routine maintenance, repair, 

and installation costs will change for products that are more energy and water 

efficient. 

Item 8-6 If it is not appropriate to assume that changes in maintenance, repair, 

or installation costs would be negligible for more-efficient products, DOE seeks 

feedback on appropriate methodologies for assessing changes to each of these 

costs.

Request for Comment
Building Technologies Program 68 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• Current research shows an automatic commercial ice-maker machine life 

typically ranges from 7 to 10 years, with an average of 8.5 years.

• DOE will use information from additional various literature sources (e.g., 

Appliance Magazine, handbooks published by ASHRAE) and input from 

manufacturers and other interested parties to better establish average 

equipment lifetimes for use in the LCC and subsequent analyses. 

Item 8-7 DOE seeks comment on appropriate equipment lifetimes for 

the classes of equipment covered in this rulemaking. 

Equipment Lifetimes
Building Technologies Program 69 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 70 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Shipments Analysis

• Estimate product shipments in base case and potential new or amended 

energy efficiency standards scenarios.

Approach

• Data sources: AHRI, Appliance Magazine, US Census Bureau, AEO, North 

American Association of Food Equipment Manufacturers (NAFEM).

• Estimate base case forecast – what would the shipments be without new or 

amended energy conservation standards?

• Estimate impact of standards – what, if any, increase/decrease in shipments in 

each equipment class would occur due to new/amended energy conservation 

standards?
Building Technologies Program 71 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Item 9-1 DOE seeks information on historical shipments of automatic 

commercial ice-making equipment for each equipment class covered 

under this rulemaking, as well as industry-trend data regarding relative 

growth in each equipment class. 

Item 9-2 DOE seeks information on representative saturation rates for 

each equipment class covered under this rulemaking, as well as industrytrend data regarding relative growth in each equipment class. 

Item 9-3 DOE requests input from manufacturers on the potential 

impact of new energy conservation standards on equipment shipments. 

Other interested parties are also welcome to provide input. DOE also 

requests input on any market-pull programs that currently exist to 

promote the adoption of more-efficient equipment. 

Request for Comment
Building Technologies Program 72 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 73 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

National Impact Analysis (NIA)

• Estimate national energy savings (NES), national water savings, and national 

net present value (NPV) of consumer savings for higher-efficiency standard 

levels.

Analysis

• Rebound effect is assumed to not apply to this rulemaking because, usually, 

automatic commercial ice machines are presumed to run continuously, and 

operating settings are based on the amount of ice to be produced. 

• NES spreadsheets will be used for calculation of NES and NPV of consumer 

savings.
Building Technologies Program 74 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• National Energy and Water Savings:

– Compare national energy and water consumption of base case and higher-efficiency 

equipment – year-by-year calculations.

– Site-to-source conversion factors account for energy losses in generation, transmission, and 

distribution of electricity – from EIA’s National Energy Modeling System (NEMS).

• NPV of consumer savings will be calculated, as per OMB guidance, with two different discount 

rates: 3% and 7%.

Item 10-1 DOE requests information on whether a rebound effect exists 

and should be incorporated in the NIA. 

Item 10-2 DOE welcomes comments from interested parties on the use 

of NIA spreadsheet models for estimating national impacts of amended 

energy and water conservation standards for automatic commercial icemaking equipment. 

National Impact Analysis (cont.)
Building Technologies Program 75 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Market & 

Technology

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Preliminary 

Manufacturer 

Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 76 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

• The MIA consists of three main phases: 

Industry 

profile

Develop 

straw-man 

GRIM

Develop 

interview 

guide

Interviews

& 

industrywide / 

subgroup

analyses

Assess direct 

employment, 

competition, 

cumulative 

burden

Phase 2 Phase 3

Preliminary 

MIA 

Interviews

Phase 1

Preliminary 

Analysis

NOPR

Item 12-1 DOE seeks comment on the establishment of manufacturer subgroups for 

automatic commercial ice-making equipment, particularly small businesses and niche 

manufacturers.

Item 12-2 What regulations or pending regulations should DOE consider in the analysis 

of cumulative regulatory burden?

Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 77 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview & Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
Building Technologies Program 78 eere.energy.gov

NOPR Analyses

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis

NOPR Final

Rule

NOPR Process Steps
Building Technologies Program 79 eere.energy.gov

NOPR Analyses

Item 12-1 DOE seeks comment on the establishment of manufacturer subgroups for automatic 

commercial ice-making equipment, particularly small businesses and niche manufacturers.

Item 12-2 What regulations or pending regulations should DOE consider in the analysis of 

cumulative regulatory burden?

Item 13-1 DOE seeks input from interested parties on its proposed use of NEMS-BT to conduct the 

utility impact analysis. 

Item 13-2 DOE seeks input on methodology of assessing the overall impact on the water utility 

industry.

Item 14-1 DOE requests feedback on this approach to employment impact analysis. 

Item 15-1 DOE seeks input on its plans to use NEMS-BT to conduct the environmental impact 

analysis on the equipment covered by this rulemaking. DOE is particularly interested in whether 

there are any other approaches to the environmental assessment that it should consider and the 

advantages and disadvantages for each approach.

Request for Comment
Building Technologies Program 80 eere.energy.gov

Preliminary Analysis & Test Procedure

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) Analyses

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

Public Meeting Slides Topics

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

4 Rulemaking Overview & Framework

1 Introduction

3 Scope
Building Technologies Program 81 eere.energy.gov

Please reference all correspondence for this rulemaking with the following information:

– Automatic Commercial Ice-Maker Rulemaking

– Docket Number EERE-2010-BT-STD-0037 

– Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) 1904-AC39 

Email: ACIM-2010-STD-0037@ee.doe.gov

Comment period ends: January 18, 2011

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information 

Postal: Courier:

Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program

Mailstop: EE-2J, Room 1J-018

1000 Independence Avenue, SW

Washington, DC 20585-0121

Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, 6th Floor

950 L’Enfant Plaza, SW

Washington, DC 20024

Tel: 202-586-2945

ACIM Comment Submittal Information
Building Technologies Program 82 eere.energy.gov

• DOE Appliance Standards

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/

• Automatic Commercial Ice-Maker Rulemaking

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/comme

rcial/automatic_ice_making_equipment.html

• Contact Charles Llenza, Project Manager, from the Appliance Standards 

Program for additional information: 

– Charles.Llenza@ee.doe.gov

– 202.586.2192

• Contact John Cymbalsky, Supervisor, from the Appliance Standards 

Program for additional information: 

– John.Cymbalsky@ee.doe.gov

– 202.287.1692

Closing Remarks, Contacts & Information

ACIM WebPages and DOE Contacts