Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 3037 

This safety zone will prohibit entry into 

certain navigable waters in the path of 

these launches near Cape Canaveral, FL. 

It is categorically excluded from further 

review under paragraph L60(a) of 

Appendix A, Table 1 of DHS Instruction 

Manual 023–01–001–01, Rev. 1. A 

Record of Environmental Consideration 

supporting this determination is 

available in the docket. For instructions 

on locating the docket, see the 

ADDRESSES section of this preamble. 

G. Protest Activities 

The Coast Guard respects the First 

Amendment rights of protesters. 

Protesters are asked to call or email the 

person listed in the FOR FURTHER

INFORMATION CONTACT section to 

coordinate protest activities so that your 

message can be received without 

jeopardizing the safety or security of 

people, places or vessels. 

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165 

Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation 

(water), Reporting and recordkeeping 

requirements, Security measures, 

Waterways. 

For the reasons discussed in the 

preamble, the Coast Guard amends 33 

CFR part 165 as follows: 

PART 165—REGULATED NAVIGATION 

AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 165 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 46 U.S.C. 70034, 70051; 33 CFR 

1.05–1, 6.04–1, 6.04–6, and 160.5; 

Department of Homeland Security Delegation 

No. 00170.1, Revision No. 01.2. 

■ 2. Add § 165.T07–0450 to read as 

follows: 

§ 165.T07–0450 Safety Zone; Atlantic 

Ocean, Cape Canaveral, FL. 

(a) Location. The following area is a 

safety zone: All waters of the Atlantic 

Ocean, from surface to bottom, 

encompassed by a line connecting the 

following points beginning at Point 1: 

28°36′51.88′′ N 80°35′57.33′′ W, thence 

to Point 2: 28°34′0.00′′ 80°25′0.00′′ W, 

thence to Point 3: 28°14′0.00′′ 

80°13′0.00′′ W, thence to Point 4: 

28°12′0.00′′ N 80°23′0.00′′ W, thence to 

Point 5: 28°16′0.00′′ N, 80°26′00.00′′ W, 

thence to point 6: 28°26′31.81′′ N, 

80°33′8.02′′ W. These coordinates are 

based on WGS 84. 

(b) Definitions. As used in this 

section, designated representative 

means a Coast Guard Patrol 

Commander, including a Coast Guard 

coxswain, petty officer, or other officer 

operating a Coast Guard vessel, and U.S. 

Air Force range safety personnel, and a 

Federal, State, and local officer 

designated by or assisting the Captain of 

the Port Jacksonville (COTP) in the 

enforcement of the safety zone. 

(c) Regulations. (1) Under the general 

safety zone regulations in subpart C of 

this part, you may not enter the safety 

zone described in paragraph (a) of this 

section unless authorized by the COTP 

or the COTP’s designated representative. 

(2) To seek permission to enter, transit 

through, anchor in, or remain within the 

safety zone contact the COTP 

Jacksonville by telephone at (904) 714– 

7557 or the COTP’s representative via 

VHF–FM radio on channel 16. Those in 

the safety zone must comply with all 

lawful orders or directions given to 

them by the COTP or the COTP’s 

designated representative. 

(d) Enforcement period. This section 

will be enforced from January 13, 2022, 

through January 31, 2022, during times 

when a Broadcast Notice to Mariners 

informs mariners that space vehicles are 

being launched in a direction resulting 

in a southerly or polar orbit trajectory. 

Dated: January 12, 2022. 

J.D. Rose, 

Commander, U.S. Coast Guard,Acting, 

Captain of the Port. 

[FR Doc. 2022–01004 Filed 1–19–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9110–04–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 82 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–9445–01– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–AG12 

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: 

Determination 37 for Significant New 

Alternatives Policy Program 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Determination of acceptability. 

SUMMARY: This determination of 

acceptability expands the list of 

acceptable substitutes pursuant to the 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 

Significant New Alternatives Policy 

program. This action lists as acceptable 

additional substitutes for use in the 

refrigeration and air conditioning; foam 

blowing; aerosols; cleaning solvents; 

and adhesives, coatings, and inks 

sectors. 

DATES: This determination is applicable 

on January 20, 2022. 

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket 

for this action under Docket ID No. 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

(continuation of Air Docket A–91–42). 

All electronic documents in the docket 

are listed in the index at 

www.regulations.gov. Although listed in 

the index, some information is not 

publicly available, i.e., Confidential 

Business Information (CBI) or other 

information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. Publicly available 

docket materials are available either 

electronically at www.regulations.gov or 

in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket 

(Nos. A–91–42 and EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/ 

DC), William J. Clinton West, Room 

3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW, 

Washington, DC 20460. The telephone 

number for the Public Reading Room is 

(202) 566–1744, and the telephone 

number for the Air Docket is (202) 566– 

1742. Out of an abundance of caution 

for members of the public and our staff, 

the EPA Docket Center and Reading 

Room are closed to public visitors, with 

limited exceptions, to reduce the risk of 

transmitting COVID–19. Our Docket 

Center staff will continue to provide 

remote customer service via email, 

phone, and webform. For further 

information on EPA Docket Center 

services and the current status, please 

visit us online at https://www.epa.gov/ 

dockets. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 

343–9624, by email at Wozniak.gerald@

epa.gov, or by mail at U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Mail 

Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue 

NW, Washington, DC 20460. Overnight 

or courier deliveries should be sent to 

the office location at 1201 Constitution 

Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Table of Contents 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

B. Foam Blowing 

C. Aerosols 

D. Cleaning Solvents 

E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks 

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New 

Acceptable Substitutes 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

This action is listing as acceptable 

additional substitutes for use in the 

refrigeration and air conditioning; foam 

blowing; aerosols; cleaning solvents; 

and adhesives, coatings and inks 

sectors. This action presents EPA’s most 

recent decision under the Significant 

New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) 

program to list as acceptable several 

substitutes in different end-uses. New 

substitutes are: 

• Hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO)– 

1233zd(E) in cold storage warehouses, 


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3038 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

1WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, 

Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project— 

Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. 

Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/ 

files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. In 

this action, the 100-year GWP values are used. 

ice skating rinks and industrial process 

air conditioning (new equipment only); 

• Blends of 10 to 90 percent 

hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)–1234ze(E) by 

weight and the remainder HCFO– 

1233zd(E) in polystyrene: Extruded 

boardstock and billet (XPS); 

• Blends of 10 to 90 percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by weight and the remainder 

hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)–152a in XPS; 

• Blends of zero to 100 percent HFO– 

1234ze(E), zero to 70 percent methyl 

formate, zero to 60 percent HFC–152a, 

zero to 60 percent carbon dioxide (CO2), 

and zero to 60 percent water in XPS; 

and 

• HCFO–1233yd(Z) in electronics 

cleaning, metals cleaning, precision 

cleaning, aerosol solvents, and coatings. 

EPA’s review of certain substitutes 

listed in this document is pending for 

other end-uses. Listing decisions in the 

end-uses in this document do not 

prejudge EPA’s listings of these 

substitutes for other end-uses. While 

certain substitutes being added through 

this action to the acceptable lists for 

specific end-uses may have a higher risk 

in one or more SNAP criteria than 

certain other substitutes already listed 

as acceptable or acceptable subject to 

restrictions, they have a similar or lower 

overall risk than other acceptable 

substitutes in those end-uses. 

For additional information on SNAP, 

visit the SNAP portion of EPA’s Ozone 

Layer Protection website at: 

www.epa.gov/snap. Copies of the full 

lists of acceptable substitutes for ozonedepleting substances (ODS) in the 

industrial sectors covered by the SNAP 

program are available at www.epa.gov/ 

snap/substitutes-sector. For more 

information on the Agency’s process for 

administering the SNAP program or 

criteria for evaluation of substitutes, 

refer to the initial SNAP rulemaking 

published March 18, 1994 (59 FR 

13044), and the regulations codified at 

40 CFR part 82, subpart G. SNAP 

decisions and the appropriate Federal 

Register citations are found at: 

www.epa.gov/snap/snap-regulations. 

Substitutes listed as unacceptable; 

acceptable, subject to narrowed use 

limits; or acceptable, subject to use 

conditions are also listed in the 

appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart 

G. 

The sections below discuss each 

substitute listing in detail. Appendix A 

contains tables summarizing each listing 

decision in this action. The statements 

in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column in 

the tables provide additional 

information but these are not legally 

binding under section 612 of the Clean 

Air Act (CAA). Although you are not 

required to follow recommendations in 

the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of the 

table under section 612 of the CAA, 

some of these statements may refer to 

obligations that are enforceable or 

binding under federal or state programs 

other than the SNAP program. The 

identification of other enforceable or 

binding requirements should not be 

construed as a comprehensive list of 

such obligations. In many instances, the 

information simply refers to standard 

operating practices in existing industry 

standards and/or building codes. When 

using these substitutes in the identified 

end-use, EPA strongly encourages you 

to apply the information in the ‘‘Further 

Information’’ column. Many of these 

recommendations, if adopted, would 

not require significant changes to 

existing operating practices. 

You can find submissions to EPA for 

the substitutes listed in this document, 

as well as other materials supporting the 

decisions in this action, in Docket EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov. 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

1. HCFO–1233zd(E) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds HCFO– 

1233zd(E) acceptable as a substitute for 

use in: 

• Cold storage warehouses (new 

equipment only) 

• Ice skating rinks (new equipment 

only) 

• Industrial process air conditioning 

(new equipment only) 

HCFO–1233zd(E), marketed under the 

trade name Solstice®zd, is also known 

as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene (Chemical Abstracts Service 

Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.] 

102687–65–0). 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing of HCFO–1233zd(E) in 

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. 

SNAP Submission Received October 7, 

2019.’’ EPA performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. These 

assessments are available in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Cold 

Storage Warehouses and Industrial 

Process Air Conditioning. Substitute: 

HCFO–1233zd(E).’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Ice 

Skating Rinks. Substitute: HCFO– 

1233zd(E).’’ 

EPA previously listed HCFO– 

1233zd(E) as acceptable for use in 

several refrigeration and air 

conditioning and foam blowing enduses (December 11, 2020, 85 FR 79863; 

August 10, 2012, 77 FR 47768; October 

21, 2014, 79 FR 62863). 

Environmental information: HCFO– 

1233zd(E) has an ozone depletion 

potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and 

a global warming potential (GWP) of 

3.7.1 HCFO–1233zd(E) is excluded from 

the definition of volatile organic 

compounds (VOC) under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of state 

implementation plans (SIPs) to attain 

and maintain the National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards (NAAQS). Knowingly 

venting or releasing this refrigerant 

blend is limited by the venting 

prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 

the CAA, codified in EPA’s regulations 

at 40 CFR 82.154(a). 

Flammability information: HCFO– 

1233zd(E) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include drowsiness or 

dizziness. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes or cause 

frostbite. The substitute could cause 

asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The Workplace Environmental 

Exposure Limit (WEEL) Committee of 

the Occupational Alliance for Risk 

Science (OARS) has established a WEEL 

of 800 ppm on an eight-hour timeweighted average (8-hr TWA) for 

HCFO–1233zd(E). EPA anticipates that 

users will be able to meet the WEEL and 

address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

safety data sheet (SDS), American 

Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and 

Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 

Standard 15, and other safety 

precautions common to the refrigeration 

and air conditioning industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: HCFO–1233zd(E) has an 

ODP of less than 0.0004, comparable to 

or less than other listed substitutes in 

these end-uses with ODPs ranging from 

zero to 0.098. 

For cold storage warehouses, HCFO– 

1233zd(E)’s GWP of about 3.7 is 

comparable to or lower than that of 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 3039 

2Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this 

document for individual chemicals are 100-year 

values from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The 

Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working 

Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

[Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., 

Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor M., and Miller, 

H.L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, 

Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, 

USA. This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/ 

publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html. 

For blends of chemicals, such as R-507A, this 

document weights the GWPs of each component of 

the blend by their mass percentage in the blend, 

based upon the 100-year GWPs in IPCC, 2007, if 

available in that document. 

3WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, 

Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project— 

Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. 

Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/ 

files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. 

(WMO, 2018) 

4WMO, 2018. 

5Bellair and Hood, 2019. Comprehensive 

evaluation of the flammability and ignitability of 

HFO–1234ze, R.J. Bellair and L. Hood, Process 

Safety and Environmental Protection 132 (2019) 

273–284. Available online at doi.org/10.1016/ 

j.psep.2019.09.033. 

6That is, alkanes with three to six carbons such 

as butane, n-pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane. 

other acceptable substitutes for new 

equipment such as ammonia absorption, 

CO2, R-450A, R-513A, and R-407C, with 

GWPs 2 ranging from zero to 1,770. 

For ice skating rinks and industrial 

process air conditioning, HCFO– 

1233zd(E)’s GWP of about 3.7 is 

comparable to or lower than that of 

other acceptable substitutes for new 

equipment such as ammonia absorption, 

CO2, R-450A, R-513A, and R-507A, with 

GWPs ranging from zero to 3,990. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduses. Toxicity risks can be minimized 

by use consistent with the OARS WEEL, 

ASHRAE 15, and other industry 

standards, recommendations in the 

manufacturer’s SDS, and other safety 

precautions common in the refrigeration 

and air conditioning industry. 

EPA finds HCFO–1233zd(E) 

acceptable in the cold storage 

warehouses (new equipment only), ice 

skating rinks (new equipment only) and 

industrial process air conditioning (new 

equipment only) end-uses because it 

does not pose greater overall 

environmental and human health risk 

than other available substitutes in the 

same end-uses. 

B. Foam Blowing 

1. Blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by Weight and the Remainder 

HCFO–1233zd(E) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds blends of 

10 to 90 percent HFO–1234ze(E) by 

weight and the remainder HCFO– 

1233zd(E) acceptable as a substitute for 

use as a blowing agent in: 

• Polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and 

billet 

These blends range in composition 

from 10 percent HFO–1234ze(E) and 90 

percent HCFO–1233zd(E) to 90 percent 

HFO–1234ze(E) and 10 percent HCFO– 

1233zd(E). Accordingly, these blends 

are referred to as blends of 10 to 90 

percent by weight HFO–1234ze(E) and 

the remainder HCFO–1233zd(E), or 

hereafter in this action as ‘‘HFO– 

1234ze(E)/HCFO–1233zd(E) co-blowing 

blends’’; they also go by the trade name 

of Solstice® XBA–1. HFO–1234ze(E) is 

also called 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene 

(E), or trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene 

(CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). HCFO– 

1233zd(E) is also called trans-1-chloro3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 

102687–65–0). 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing Blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by Weight and the Remainder 

HCFO–1233zd(E) as a Foam Blowing 

Agent. SNAP Submission Received 

November 4, 2019.’’ EPA has performed 

an assessment to examine the health 

and environmental risks of this 

substitute. This assessment is available 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

under the name ‘‘Risk Screen on 

Substitutes in Extruded Polystyrene 

Boardstock and Billet Foam Substitute: 

Blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by Weight and the Remainder 

HCFO–1233zd(E) (Solstice® XBA–1).’’ 

Environmental information: HFO– 

1234ze(E) has an ODP of zero and 

HCFO–1233zd(E) has an ODP of less 

than 0.0004.3 If these values are 

weighted by mass percentage, then these 

HFO–1234ze(E)/HCFO–1233zd(E) coblowing blends have an ODP ranging 

from less than 0.0004 to less than 

0.00004. Their components, HFO– 

1234ze(E) and HCFO–1233zd(E), have 

GWPs of less than one 4 and 3.7, 

respectively. If these values are 

weighted by mass percentage, then the 

blends range in GWP from about 1.3 to 

about 3.4. Both components of the 

blends are excluded from the definition 

of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the NAAQS. 

Flammability information: The 

component HCFO–1233zd(E) is nonflammable. HFO–1234ze(E) is not 

flammable at standard temperature and 

pressure using the standard test method 

American Society for Testing and 

Materials (ASTM) E681. However, at 

higher temperatures, such as the 

temperatures typical for extruding XPS, 

HFO–1234ze(E) may also be flammable, 

particularly at higher humidity levels.5

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of these substitutes at 

lower concentrations include 

drowsiness and dizziness. Potential 

health effects also include skin or eye 

irritation or frostbite. The components 

of HFO–1234ze(E)/HCFO–1233zd(E) coblowing blends can cause symptoms of 

asphyxiation when present at 

sufficiently high concentrations. 

Excessive inhalation of the substitute 

may also result in an irregular heartbeat, 

due to cardiac effects. These potential 

health effects are common to many foam 

blowing agents. 

The American Industrial Hygiene 

Association (AIHA) has established a 

WEEL of 800 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for 

HFO–1234ze(E), and OARS’s WEEL 

committee has established a WEEL of 

800 ppm for HCFO–1233zd(E). EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet the AIHA and OARS WEELs and 

address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

SDSs and other safety precautions 

common to the foam blowing industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: These HFO–1234ze(E)/ 

HCFO–1233zd(E) co-blowing blends 

have an ODP ranging from less than 

0.0004 to less than 0.00004, comparable 

to all other acceptable substitutes in this 

end-use, such as blends of 10 to 99 

percent by weight HFO–1336mzz(Z) and 

the remainder HFC–152a (hereafter in 

this action ‘‘HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC– 

152a blends’’), HFO–1234ze(E), methyl 

formate, and CO2. These HFO– 

1234ze(E)/HCFO–1233zd(E) blends’ 

GWPs from about 1.3 to 3.4 are lower 

than or comparable to those of other 

acceptable substitutes in the same enduse for which we are finding it 

acceptable, such as HFO–1336mzz(Z)/ 

HFC–152a blends, HFO–1234ze(E), light 

saturated hydrocarbons C3–C6 6 and 

methyl formate, with respective GWPs 


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7HFO–1336mzz(Z) and HFC–152a have GWPs of 

about two (WMO, 2018) and 124 (IPCC, 2007), 

respectively. If these values are weighted by mass 

percentage, then the blends range in GWP from 

about three to about 110. 

8WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, 

Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project— 

Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. 

Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/ 

files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. 

9 Ibid. 

10 Ibid. 

11WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, 

Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project— 

Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. 

Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/ 

files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. 

12Bellair and Hood, 2019. Comprehensive 

evaluation of the flammability and ignitability of 

HFO–1234ze, R.J. Bellair and L. Hood, Process 

Safety and Environmental Protection 132 (2019) 

273–284. Available online at doi.org/10.1016/ 

j.psep.2019.09.033. 

13HFO–1336mzz(Z) and HFC–152a have GWPs of 

about two (WMO, 2018) and 124 (IPCC, 2007), 

respectively. If these values are weighted by mass 

percentage, then the blends range in GWP from 

about three to about 110. 

14WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, 

Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project— 

Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. 

Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/ 

files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. 

15 Ibid. 

16 Ibid. 

of approximately three to 110,7 124, 

one,8 less than one,9 and 11.10

Flammability and toxicity risks are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduse. Some acceptable substitutes in this 

end-use are flammable, like HFC–152a, 

light saturated hydrocarbons C3–C6, 

and methyl formate, while others are 

non-flammable. Toxicity risks can be 

minimized by use consistent with the 

AIHA’s and OARS’s WEELs, 

recommendations in the SDS, and other 

safety precautions common in the foam 

blowing industry. 

EPA finds blends of 10 to 90 percent 

by weight HFO–1234ze(E) and the 

remainder HCFO–1233zd(E) acceptable 

in the XPS end-use because they do not 

pose greater overall environmental and 

human health risk than other available 

substitutes in the same end-use. 

2. Blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by Weight and the Remainder 

HFC–152a 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds blends of 

10 to 90 percent HFO–1234ze(E) by 

weight and the remainder HFC–152a 

acceptable as a substitute for use as a 

blowing agent in: 

• Polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and 

billet 

These blends range in composition 

from 10 percent HFO–1234ze(E) and 90 

percent HFC–152a to 90 percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) and 10 percent HFC–152a. 

Accordingly, these blends are also 

referred to as blends of 10 to 90 percent 

by weight HFO–1234ze(E) and the 

remainder HFC–152a, or hereafter in 

this action as ‘‘HFO–1234ze(E)/HFC– 

152a co-blowing blends’’; they also go 

by the trade name of Solstice® XBA–2. 

HFO–1234ze(E) is also called 1,3,3,3- 

tetrafluoropropene (E), or trans-1,3,3,3- 

tetrafluoropropene (CAS Reg. No. 

29118–24–9). HFC–152a is also called 

1,1-difluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 75– 

37–6). 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing Blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by Weight and the Remainder 

HFC–152a as a Foam Blowing Agent. 

SNAP Submission Received November 

4, 2019.’’ EPA has performed an 

assessment to examine the health and 

environmental risks of this substitute. 

This assessment is available in docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 under the 

name ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in 

Extruded Polystyrene Boardstock and 

Billet Foam Substitute: Blends of 10 to 

90 Percent HFO–1234ze(E) by Weight 

and the Remainder HFC–152a (Solstice®

XBA–2).’’ 

Environmental information: These 

HFO–1234ze(E)/HFC–152a co-blowing 

blends and their components have an 

ODP of zero. Their components, HFO– 

1234ze(E) and HFC–152a, have GWPs of 

less than one 11 and 124, respectively. If 

these values are weighted by mass 

percentage, then the blends range in 

GWP from about 13 to about 112. Both 

components of the blends are excluded 

from the definition of VOC under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of SIPs to 

attain and maintain the NAAQS. 

Flammability information: The 

component HFC–152a is flammable 

while the component HFO–1234ze(E) is 

not flammable at standard temperature 

and pressure using the standard test 

method ASTM E681. However, at higher 

temperatures, such as the temperatures 

typical for extruding XPS, HFO– 

1234ze(E) may also be flammable, 

particularly at higher humidity levels.12

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of these substitutes at 

lower concentrations include 

drowsiness and dizziness. Potential 

health effects also include skin or eye 

irritation or frostbite. The components 

of HFO–1234ze(E)/HFC–152a blends 

can cause symptoms of asphyxiation 

when present at sufficiently high 

concentrations. Excessive inhalation of 

the substitute may also result in an 

irregular heartbeat, due to cardiac 

effects. These potential health effects are 

common to many foam blowing agents. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1,000 ppm for HFC–152a, and of 800 

ppm for HFO–1234ze(E), both as an 8- 

hr TWA. EPA anticipates that users will 

be able to meet the AIHA WEELs and 

address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

SDSs and other safety precautions 

common to the foam blowing industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: These HFO–1234ze(E)/ 

HFC–152a co-blowing blends have an 

ODP of zero, comparable to all other 

acceptable substitutes in this end-use, 

such as HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a 

blends, HFC–152a, HFO–1234ze(E), 

methyl formate, and CO2. These HFO– 

1234ze(E)/HFC–152a co-blowing blends’ 

GWPs from about 13 to 112 are lower 

than or comparable to those of other 

acceptable substitutes in the same enduse for which we are finding them 

acceptable, such as HFO–1336mzz(Z)/ 

HFC–152a blends and HFC–152a with 

respective GWPs of approximately three 

to 110 13 and 124. The GWPs of the 

HFO–1234ze(E)/HFC–152a co-blowing 

blends of about 13 to 112 are higher 

than those for acceptable alternatives 

such as HFO–1234ze(E), light saturated 

hydrocarbons C3–C6 and methyl 

formate, with respective GWPs of one,14

less than one,15 and 11.16 Based on 

current information, EPA anticipates 

that HFO–1234ze(E), light saturated 

hydrocarbons C3–C6 and methyl 

formate are not currently being used as 

the sole blowing agent by any U.S. 

manufacturers in this end-use because 

the individual chemicals have 

drawbacks such as insufficient vapor 

pressure, insufficient solubility in the 

polystyrene matrix, or high permeability 

resulting in low thermal resistance (‘‘Rvalue’’); blends such as these HFO– 

1234ze(E)/HFC–152a co-blowing blends 

are expected to result in a feasible 

balance of blowing agent properties for 

adequate or better performance. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduse. Some acceptable substitutes in this 

end-use are flammable, like HFC–152a, 

light saturated hydrocarbons C3–C6, 

and methyl formate, while others are 

non-flammable. Toxicity risks can be 

minimized by use consistent with the 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 3041 

17WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, 

Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project— 

Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. 

Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/ 

files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. In 

this action, the 100-year GWP values are used. 

18WMO, 2018. 

19 IPCC, 2007. 

20 IPCC, 2007. 

21Sherwood et al. 2018. This paper estimated that 

water vapor emitted near Earth’s surface due to 

anthropogenic sources (e.g., irrigation) would have 

a GWP of ¥10¥3 to 5 × 10¥4. ‘‘The global warming 

potential of near-surface emitted water vapour,’’ 

Steven C. Sherwood, Vishal Dixit and Chryse ́is 

Salomez. Environ. Res. Lett. 13 (2018) 104006. 

22Bellair and Hood, 2019. Comprehensive 

evaluation of the flammability and ignitability of 

HFO–1234ze, R.J. Bellair and L. Hood, Process 

Safety and Environmental Protection 132 (2019) 

273–284. Available online at doi.org/10.1016/ 

j.psep.2019.09.033. 

23HFO–1336mzz(Z) and HFC–152a have GWPs of 

about two (WMO, 2018) and 124 (IPCC, 2007), 

respectively. If these values are weighted by mass 

percentage, then the blends range in GWP from 

about three to about 110. 

24WMO, 2018. 

25WMO, 2018. 

26WMO, 2018. 

AIHA’s WEELs, recommendations in the 

SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the foam blowing industry. 

EPA finds blends of 10 to 90 percent 

by weight HFO–1234ze(E) and the 

remainder HFC–152a acceptable in the 

XPS end-use because they do not pose 

greater overall environmental and 

human health risk than other available 

substitutes in the same end-use. 

3. Blends of Zero to 100 Percent HFO– 

1234ze(E), Zero to 70 Percent Methyl 

Formate, Zero to 60 Percent HFC–152a, 

Zero to 60 Percent CO2 and Zero to 60 

Percent Water 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds blends of 

zero to 100 percent HFO–1234ze(E), 

zero to 70 percent methyl formate, zero 

to 60 percent HFC–152a, zero to 60 

percent CO2 and zero to 60 percent 

water acceptable as a substitute for use 

as a blowing agent in: 

• Polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and 

billet 

These blends are hereafter referred to 

as ‘‘HFO–1234ze(E)/methyl formate/ 

HFC–152a/CO2/water co-blowing 

blends.’’ The components of the blends 

are co-blown and component 

percentages are by weight. 

HFO–1234ze(E) is also known as 

HFC–1234ze, HFO–1234ze or trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. 

No. 29118–24–9). Methyl formate is also 

known as methyl methanoate or formic 

acid, methyl ester (CAS Reg. No. 107– 

31–3). HFC–152a, also known as 1,1- 

difluoroethane, has CAS Reg. No. 75– 

37–6. CO2 has CAS Reg. No. 124–38–9, 

and water has CAS Reg. No. 7732–18– 

5. 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing Blends of 0–100% HFO– 

1234ze(E), 0–70% Methyl Formate, 0– 

60% HFC–152a, 0–60% CO2 and 0–60% 

Water as a Foam Blowing Agent. SNAP 

Submission Received January 26, 2021.’’ 

EPA has performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. This assessment 

is available in docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the name ‘‘Risk 

Screen on Substitutes in Extruded 

Polystyrene Boardstock and Billet Foam 

Substitute: HFO–1234ze(E)/Methyl 

Formate/HFC–152a/CO2/Water Coblowing Blends for Extruded 

Polystyrene Foam Insulation (HFO– 

1234ze(E)/Methyl Formate/HFC–152a/ 

CO2/Water Co-blowing Blends).’’ 

Environmental information: The 

blends have an ODP of zero. Their 

components, HFO–1234ze(E), methyl 

formate, HFC–152a, CO2, and water have 

GWPs of one,17 11,18 124,19 one,20 and 

less than one,21 respectively. If these 

values are weighted by mass percentage, 

then the blends could have a GWP 

ranging from one to 80. HFO–1234ze(E), 

methyl formate, HFC–152a, CO2, and 

water—components of the blends—are 

excluded from EPA’s regulatory 

definition of VOC under CAA 

regulations that address the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the NAAQS. See 40 CFR 

51.100(s). 

Flammability information: The 

components HFC–152a and methyl 

formate are flammable while the other 

components of the blends are nonflammable at standard temperature and 

pressure using the standard test method 

ASTM E681. However, at higher 

temperatures, such as the temperatures 

typical for extruding XPS, HFO– 

1234ze(E) may also be flammable, 

particularly at higher humidity levels.22

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of these substitutes at 

lower concentrations include headache, 

nausea, drowsiness, and dizziness. The 

substitutes may also irritate the skin or 

eyes or cause frostbite. Excessive 

inhalation of the substitutes may also 

result in an irregular heartbeat, due to 

cardiac effects. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, they may cause central 

nervous system depression and affect 

respiration. The substitutes could cause 

asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These health 

effects are common to many foam 

blowing agents. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1,000 ppm as an eight-hour timeweighted average for HFC–152a and 800 

ppm for HFO–1234ze(E). Methyl 

formate has an Occupational Safety and 

Health Administration (OSHA) 

permissible exposure limits (PEL) of 100 

ppm on an 8-hr TWA. CO2 has an OSHA 

PEL of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, and 

a 15-minute recommended short-term 

exposure limit (STEL) of 30,000 ppm 

established by the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH). EPA anticipates that users will 

be able to meet the AIHA WEELs, OSHA 

PELs, and NIOSH STEL and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the manufacturer’s SDSs and other 

safety precautions common to the foam 

blowing industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: HFO–1234ze(E)/methyl 

formate/HFC–152a/CO2/water coblowing blends have ODPs of zero, 

comparable to all other acceptable 

substitutes in this end-use, such as 

HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a blends, 

HFC–152a, HFO–1234ze(E), methyl 

formate, and CO2.

The GWPs of the HFO–1234ze(E)/ 

methyl formate/HFC–152a/CO2/water 

co-blowing blends, ranging from 

approximately one to 80, are lower than 

HFC–152a’s GWP of 124 and are 

comparable to or lower than those for 

HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a blends 

(three to 110 23). The worst-case GWPs 

of the HFO–1234ze(E)/methyl formate/ 

HFC–152a/CO2/water co-blowing blends 

are higher than those for acceptable 

alternatives such as HFO–1234ze(E), 

light saturated hydrocarbons C3–C6 and 

methyl formate, with respective GWPs 

of less than one,24 less than one,25 and 

11,26 while the GWP at the low end of 

the range of approximately one is 

comparable to those acceptable 

alternatives. Based on current 

information, EPA anticipates that HFO– 

1234ze(E), light saturated hydrocarbons 

C3–C6 and methyl formate are not 

currently being used as the sole blowing 

agent by any U.S. manufacturers in this 

end-use because the individual 

chemicals have drawbacks such as 

insufficient vapor pressure, insufficient 

solubility in the polystyrene matrix, or 

high permeability resulting in low 

thermal resistance (‘‘R-value’’); blends 

such as these HFO–1234ze(E)/methyl 

formate/HFC–152a/CO2/water coblowing blends are expected to result in 

a feasible balance of blowing agent 


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3042 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

27 Kazuaki Tokuhashi, Tadafumi Uchimaru, Kenji 

Takizawa, and Shigeo Kondo, 2018. Rate Constants 

for the Reactions of OH Radical with the (E)/(Z) 

Isomers of CF3CF=CHCl and CHF2CF=CHCl (J.Phys. 

Chem. A 2018, 122, 3120–3127) (Tokuhashi et al., 

2018). 

properties for adequate or better 

performance. 

Flammability and toxicity risks of the 

HFO–1234ze(E)/methyl formate/HFC– 

152a/CO2/water co-blowing blends are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduse. Some acceptable substitutes in this 

end-use are flammable, like HFC–152a, 

light saturated hydrocarbons C3–C6, 

and methyl formate, while others are 

non-flammable. Toxicity risks can be 

minimized by use consistent with the 

AIHA WEELs, OSHA PELs, NIOSH 

STEL, recommendations in the 

manufacturer’s SDSs, and other safety 

precautions common in the foamblowing industry. 

EPA finds HFO–1234ze(E)/methyl 

formate/HFC–152a/CO2/water coblowing blends acceptable in the XPS 

end-use because they do not pose 

greater overall environmental and 

human health risk than other available 

substitutes in the same end-use. 

C. Aerosols 

1. HCFO–1233yd(Z) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) acceptable as a substitute for 

use in: 

• Aerosol solvents 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) is also known as 

(Z)-1-Chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene 

(CAS Reg. No. 1263679–68–0). 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing of HCFO–1233yd(Z) in Cleaning 

Solvents, Aerosol Solvents, and 

Coatings. SNAP Submission Received 

March 12, 2019.’’ EPA performed an 

assessment to examine the health and 

environmental risks of this substitute. 

This assessment is available in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in 

Aerosol Solvents. Substitute: HCFO– 

1233yd(Z).’’ 

Environmental information: HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) has an ODP of 0.00003 and 

a GWP of less than 1.27 Under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

defining VOC for the purpose of 

addressing the development of SIPs to 

attain and maintain the NAAQS, HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) would be considered a VOC. 

That definition provides that ‘‘any 

compound of carbon’’ which 

‘‘participates in atmospheric 

photochemical reactions’’ is considered 

a VOC unless expressly excluded in that 

provision based on a determination of 

‘‘negligible photochemical reactivity.’’ 

The manufacturer has petitioned EPA to 

exclude HCFO–1233yd(Z) from the 

definition of VOC under those 

regulations. EPA has not yet taken 

action on that petition. This substitute 

is subject to a Toxic Substance Control 

Act (TSCA) section 5(a)(2) Significant 

New Use Rule (SNUR). 

Flammability information: HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include drowsiness or 

dizziness. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes. The substitute 

could cause asphyxiation if air is 

displaced by vapors in a confined space. 

These potential health effects are 

common to many aerosol solvents. 

The manufacturer recommends an 

acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the 

workplace of 250 ppm on an 8-hr TWA 

for HCFO–1233yd(Z). EPA anticipates 

that users will be able to meet the 

manufacturer’s AEL and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the manufacturer’s SDS, and other 

safety precautions common to the 

aerosol industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: HCFO–1233yd(Z) has an 

ODP of less than 0.00003, comparable to 

or less than other listed substitutes in 

this end-use with ODPs ranging from 

zero to 0.033. 

HCFO–1233yd(Z)’s GWP of less than 

one is lower than that of other 

acceptable substitutes such as HFE– 

7200, HFE–347mcc3, HFC–365mfc and 

HFC–4310mee with GWPs ranging from 

59 to 1,640. HCFO–1233yd(Z)’s GWP is 

lower than or comparable to the GWPs 

of other acceptable substitutes for 

aerosol solvents, including acetone, 

methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

(MPHE), and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene with GWPs ranging 

from less than one to seven. 

Some acceptable substitutes in this 

end-use are VOC, like HCFO–1233yd(Z), 

while others are excluded from the 

definition of VOC. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by 

use consistent with the manufacturer’s 

AEL, industry standards, 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the aerosol industry. 

EPA finds HCFO–1233yd(Z) 

acceptable in the aerosol solvent enduse because it does not pose greater 

overall environmental and human 

health risk than other available 

substitutes in the same end-use. 

D. Cleaning Solvents 

1. HCFO–1233yd(Z) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) acceptable as a substitute for 

use in: 

• Electronics cleaning 

• Metals cleaning 

• Precision cleaning 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) is also known as 

(Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (CAS 

Reg. No. 1263679–68–0). 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing of HCFO–1233yd(Z) in Cleaning 

Solvents, Aerosol Solvents, and 

Coatings. SNAP Submission Received 

March 12, 2019.’’ EPA performed an 

assessment to examine the health and 

environmental risks of this substitute. 

This assessment is available in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in 

Electronics Cleaning, Metals Cleaning, 

and Precision Cleaning. Substitute: 

HCFO–1233yd(Z).’’ 

Environmental information: The 

environmental information for this 

substitute is set forth in the 

‘‘Environmental information’’ section in 

listing in I.C.1. above. 

Flammability information: HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

toxicity information for this substitute is 

set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure 

data’’ section in listing I.C.1. above. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: HCFO–1233yd(Z) has an 

ODP of less than 0.00003, comparable to 

or less than other listed substitutes in 

the metals cleaning, electronics 

cleaning, and precision cleaning enduses with ODPs ranging from zero to 

0.033. 

HCFO–1233yd(Z)’s GWP of less than 

1 is lower than that of other acceptable 

substitutes such as HFE–7200, HFE– 

7100, HFC–365mfc and HFC–4310mee 

with GWPs ranging from 59 to 1,640. 

HCFO–1233yd(Z)’s GWP is lower than 

or comparable to the GWPs of other 

acceptable substitutes for cleaning 

solvents, including acetone, MPHE, and 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 3043 

trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene 

with GWPs ranging from less than one 

to seven. 

Some acceptable substitutes in these 

end-uses are VOC, like HCFO– 

1233yd(Z), while others are excluded 

from the definition of VOC. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by 

use consistent with the manufacturer’s 

AEL, recommendations in the 

manufacturer’s SDS, and other safety 

precautions common in the cleaning 

solvents industry. 

EPA finds HCFO–1233yd(Z) 

acceptable in the end-uses listed above 

because it does not pose greater overall 

environmental and human health risk 

than other available substitutes in the 

same end-uses. 

E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks 

1. HCFO–1233yd(Z) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) acceptable as a substitute for 

use as a carrier solvent in: 

• Coatings 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) is also known as 

(Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (CAS 

Reg. No. 1263679–68–0). 

You may find a copy of the 

applicant’s submission, with CBI 

redacted, providing the required health 

and environmental information for this 

substitute in this end-use in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 37 

Listing of HCFO–1233yd(Z) in Cleaning 

Solvents, Aerosol Solvents, and 

Coatings. SNAP Submission Received 

March 12, 2019.’’ EPA performed an 

assessment to examine the health and 

environmental risks of this substitute. 

This assessment is available in Docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in 

Coatings. Substitute: HCFO–1233yd(Z).’’ 

Environmental information: The 

environmental information for this 

substitute is set forth in the 

‘‘Environmental information’’ section in 

listing I.C.1., above. 

Flammability information: HCFO– 

1233yd(Z) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

toxicity information for this substitute is 

set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure 

data’’ section in listing I.C.1., above. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: HCFO–1233yd(Z) has an 

ODP of less than 0.00003, comparable to 

or less than other listed substitutes in 

this end-use with ODPs ranging from 

zero to 0.00034. 

For coatings, HCFO–1233yd(Z)’s GWP 

of less than one is lower than that of 

other acceptable substitutes such as 

HFE–7200 and HFE–7100 with GWPs 

ranging from 59 to 297. HCFO– 

1233yd(Z)’s GWP is lower than or 

comparable to the GWPs of other 

acceptable substitutes for coatings, 

including acetone, MPHE, and trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene with 

GWPs ranging from less than one to 

seven. Some acceptable substitutes in 

this end-use are VOC, like HCFO– 

1233yd(Z), while others are excluded 

from the definition of VOC. 

Flammability and toxicity risks are 

comparable to or lower than 

flammability and toxicity risks of other 

available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by 

use consistent with the manufacturer’s 

AEL, recommendations in the 

manufacturer’s SDS, and other safety 

precautions common in the coatings 

industry. 

EPA finds HCFO–1233yd(Z) 

acceptable in the coatings end-use 

because it does not pose greater overall 

environmental and human health risk 

than other available substitutes in the 

same end-use. 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Hans Christopher Grundler, 

Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs. 

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for 

New Acceptable Substitutes 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Cold Storage Warehouses (new equipment only).HCFO–1233zd(E) ....... Acceptable ............ HCFO–1233zd(E) is also known as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.] 102687–65–0). 

HCFO–1233zd(E) has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and a 100- 

year integrated global warming potential (GWP) of about 3.7. 

HCFO–1233zd(E) is nonflammable. 

The Workplace Environmental Exposure Limits (WEEL) committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) has established a WEEL of 800 ppm as an eight-hour 

time-weighted average (8-hr TWA) for HCFO–1233zd(E). 

Ice Skating Rinks (new 

equipment only).

HCFO–1233zd(E) ....... Acceptable ............ HCFO–1233zd(E) is also known as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 

102687–65–0). 

HCFO–1233zd(E) has an ODP of less than 0.0004 and a GWP of about 3.7. 

HCFO–1233zd(E) is nonflammable. 

OARS has established a WEEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HCFO–1233zd(E). 

Industrial Process Air 

Conditioning (new 

equipment only).

HCFO–1233zd(E) ....... Acceptable ............ HCFO–1233zd(E) is also known as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 

102687–65–0). 

HCFO–1233zd(E) has an ODP of less than 0.0004 and a GWP of about 3.7. 

HCFO–1233zd(E) is nonflammable. 

OARS has established a WEEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HCFO–1233zd(E). 

1See recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants. 

FOAM BLOWING AGENTS

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Extruded Polystyrene: 

Boardstock and Billet.

Blends of 10 to 90 

percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by weight 

and the remainder 

HCFO–1233zd(E).

Acceptable ............ This substitute is blends of 10 to 90 percent HFO–1234ze(E) by weight and the remainder 

HCFO–1233zd(E). HFO–1234ze(E) is also called 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene(E), or trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.] 

29118–24–9). HCFO–1233zd(E) is also called trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-ene 

(CAS Reg. No. 102687–65–0). 


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3044 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

FOAM BLOWING AGENTS—Continued 

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

HFO–1234ze(E) has a 100-year integrated global warming potential (GWP) of less than 

one. 

HCFO–1233zd(E) has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and a GWP 

of 3.7. The blends have an ODP ranging from less than 0.0004 to less than 0.00004 and 

range in GWP from about 1.3 to about 3.4. 

HFO–1234ze(E) is not flammable at standard temperature and pressure, however, however, at higher temperatures, such as the temperatures typical for extruding extruded polystyrene: boardstock and billet (XPS), HFO–1234ze(E) may be flammable, particularly at 

higher humidity levels. HCFO–1233zd(E) is non-flammable. 

The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established a Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit (WEEL) of 800 ppm as an eight-hour time-weighted average (8-hr 

TWA) for HFO–1234ze(E), and the Occupational Alliance for Risk Sciences (OARS) has 

established a WEEL of 800 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HCFO–1233zd(E). 

Extruded Polystyrene: 

Boardstock and Billet.

Blends of 10 to 90 

percent HFO– 

1234ze(E) by weight 

and the remainder 

HFC–152a.

Acceptable ............ This substitute is blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO–1234ze(E) by weight and the remainder 

HFC–152a. HFO–1234ze(E) is also called 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E), or trans-1,3,3,3- 

tetrafluoropropene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). HFC–152a is also called 1,1- 

difluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–37–6). 

The blend and its components have an ODP of zero. HFO–1234ze(E) has a GWP of less 

than one and HFC–152a has a GWP of 124. The blends range in GWP from about 13 to 

about 112. 

HFO–1234ze(E) is not flammable at standard temperature and pressure, however, at higher temperatures, such as the temperatures typical for extruding XPS, HFO–1234ze(E) 

may be flammable, particularly at higher humidity levels. HFC–152a is flammable at 

standard temperature and pressure. 

The AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC–152a and a WEEL of 800 ppm 

for HFO–1234ze(E), both as an 8-hr TWA. 

Extruded Polystyrene: 

Boardstock and Billet.

Blends of 0–100% 

HFO–1234ze(E), 0– 

70% Methyl Formate, 0–60% HFC– 

152a, 0–60% CO2

and 0–60% Water.

Acceptable ............ This substitute is blends of 0–100% HFO–1234ze(E), 0–70% methyl formate, 0–60% HFC– 

152a, 0–60% CO2 and 0–60% water. HFO–1234ze(E) is also called 1,3,3,3- 

tetrafluoropropene (E), or trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

Methyl formate is also called methyl methanoate or formic acid, methyl ester (CAS Reg. 

No. 107–31–3). HFC–152a is also called 1,1-difluoroethane, has CAS Reg. No. 75–37–6. 

CO2 has CAS Reg. No. 124–38–9, and water has CAS Reg. No. 7732–18–5. 

HFO–1234ze(E) and water have GWPs of less than one, CO2 has a GWP of one, methyl 

formate has a GWP of 11, and HFC–152a has a GWP of 124. The blends range in GWP 

from approximately one to 80. 

HFO–1234ze(E) is not flammable at standard temperature and pressure; however, at higher temperatures, such as the temperatures typical for extruding XPS, HFO–1234ze(E) 

may be flammable, particularly at higher humidity levels. HFC–152a and methyl formate 

are flammable at standard temperature and pressure. 

The AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC–152a and a WEEL of 800 ppm 

for HFO–1234ze(E), both as an 8-hr TWA. 

1See recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed foam blowing agents. 

CLEANING SOLVENTS

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Electronics cleaning, 

metals cleaning, precision cleaning.

HCFO–1233yd(Z) ....... Acceptable ............ HCFO–1233yd(Z) is also known as (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (CAS Reg. No. 

1263679–68–0). 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.00003 and a global warming 

potential (GWP) of less than 1. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace for 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) of 250 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA). 

This substitute is subject to a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule (SNUR). 

1See recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed cleaning solvents. 

AEROSOLS

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Aerosol solvents ............ HCFO–1233yd(Z) ....... Acceptable ............ HCFO–1233yd(Z) is also known as (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (CAS Reg. No. 

1263679–68–0). 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) has an ozone depleting potential (ODP) of 0.00003 and a global warming 

potential (GWP) of less than 1. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace for 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) of 250 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA). 

This substitute is subject to a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule (SNUR). 

1 See recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed aerosols. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 13 / Thursday, January 20, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 3045 

ADHESIVES, COATINGS, AND INKS

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Coatings ........................ HCFO–1233yd(Z) ....... Acceptable ............ HCFO–1233yd(Z) is also known as (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (CAS Reg. No. 

1263679–68–0). 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) has an ozone depleting potential (ODP) of 0.00003 and a global warming 

potential (GWP) of less than 1. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace for 

HCFO–1233yd(Z) of 250 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA). 

This substitute is subject to a Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule (SNUR). 

1See recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed carrier solvents for adhesives, coatings, and inks. 

[FR Doc. 2022–00998 Filed 1–19–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS 

COMMISSION 

47 CFR Part 73 

[MB Docket No. 21–126; RM–11893; DA 22– 

25; FR ID 67334] 

Television Broadcasting Services 

Monroe, Louisiana 

AGENCY: Federal Communications 

Commission. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: On September 22, 2021, the 

Media Bureau, Video Division (Bureau) 

issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 

(NPRM) in response to a petition for 

rulemaking filed by Gray Television 

Licensee, LLC (Petitioner), the licensee 

of KNOE–TV, channel 8, Monroe, 

Louisiana, requesting the substitution of 

channel 24 for channel 8 at Monroe in 

the Table of Allotments. For the reasons 

set forth in the Report and Order 

referenced below, the Bureau amends 

FCC regulations to substitute channel 24 

for channel 8 at Monroe. 

DATES: Effective January 20, 2022. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Joyce Bernstein, Media Bureau, at (202) 

418–1647 or Joyce.Bernstein@fcc.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The 

proposed rule was published at 86 FR 

54417 on October 1, 2021. The 

Petitioner filed comments in support of 

the petition reaffirming its commitment 

to apply for channel 24. The Petitioner 

states that the Commission has 

recognized the deleterious effects of 

manmade noise from nearby electrical 

devices including on the reception of 

digital VHF signals and that the 

propagation characteristics of VHF 

channels allow undesired signals and 

noise to be receivable at relatively 

farther distances compared to UHF 

channels. In addition, no existing 

viewers will lose service and an 

additional 12,868 persons would gain 

service if the channel substitution is 

granted. 

This is a synopsis of the 

Commission’s Report and Order, MB 

Docket No. 21–126; RM–11893; DA 22– 

25, adopted January 11, 2022, and 

released January 11, 2022. The full text 

of this document is available for 

download at https://www.fcc.gov/edocs. 

To request materials in accessible 

formats for people with disabilities 

(braille, large print, electronic files, 

audio format), send an email to fcc504@

fcc.gov or call the Consumer & 

Governmental Affairs Bureau at 202– 

418–0530 (voice), 202–418–0432 (tty). 

This document does not contain 

information collection requirements 

subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act 

of 1995, Public Law 104–13. In addition, 

therefore, it does not contain any 

proposed information collection burden 

‘‘for small business concerns with fewer 

than 25 employees,’’ pursuant to the 

Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 

2002, Public Law 107–198, see 44 U.S.C. 

3506(c)(4). Provisions of the Regulatory 

Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 601– 

612, do not apply to this proceeding. 

The Commission will send a copy of 

this Report and Order in a report to be 

sent to Congress and the Government 

Accountability Office pursuant to the 

Congressional Review Act, see 5 U.S.C. 

801(a)(1)(A). 

List of Subjects in 47 CFR Part 73 

Television. 

Federal Communications Commission. 

Thomas Horan, 

Chief of Staff, Media Bureau. 

Final Rule 

For the reasons discussed in the 

preamble, the Federal Communications 

Commission amends 47 CFR part 73 as 

follows: 

PART 73—RADIO BROADCAST 

SERVICE 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 73 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 155, 301, 303, 

307, 309, 310, 334, 336, 339. 

■ 2. In § 73.622(j), amend the Table of 

Allotments, under Louisiana, by 

revising the entry for Monroe to read as 

follows: 

§ 73.622 Digital television table of 

allotments. 

* * * * * 

(j) * * * 

Community Channel No. 

* * * * * 

LOUISIANA 

* * * * * 

Monroe .................................. * 13, 24 

* * * * * 

[FR Doc. 2022–01001 Filed 1–19–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6712–01–P 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration 

50 CFR Part 665 

[Docket No. 220113–0014] 

RIN 0648- BK72 

Pacific Island Fisheries; Annual Catch 

Limit and Accountability Measures; 

Main Hawaiian Islands Deep 7 

Bottomfish for Fishing Years 2021– 

2024 

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries 

Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 

Commerce. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: In this final rule, NMFS 

implements an annual catch limit (ACL) 

of 492,000 lb (223,167 kg) for Deep 7 

bottomfish in the main Hawaiian 

Islands (MHI) for each of the three 

fishing years 2021–22, 2022–23, and 

2023–24. As an in-season accountability 

measure (AM), if NMFS projects that the 


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