### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY

[OPTS-41033; FRL 3765-41
Twenty-Sixth Report of the Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator; Receipt of Report and Request forComments Regarding Priority Listof Chemicals

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice.

SUMMARY: The Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), established under section 4(e) ofthe Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), transmitted its Twenty-sixth Report to the Administrator ofEPA on May 8, 1990. This report, which revises and updates the Committee's priority list of chemicals, adds one chemical and three chemical groups to the list. One chemical and one chemical group are recommended with intent-to-designate. The Twenty-sixth Report isincluded with this notice.

The ITChas removed one chemical and one chemical group from the priority list. Crotonaldehyde (CAS No. 4170-30-3) was removed from the priority list because the EPA published a consent order on November 9, 1989 (54 FR 47062). Disperse blue dyes were removed from the priority list because the EPApublished a consent order on November 21,1989 (54 FR 48102), that requires testing ofCAS No. 3618-72-2.

EPA invites interested persons to submit written comments on the report, and to attend Focus Meetings to help

narrow and focus the issues raised by the ITC'sintent to designate recommendations. Additionally, EPA is soliciting interest inpublic participation in the consent agreement process for sodium cyanide and isocyanates. DATES: Written comments should be submitted by July 5, 1990.Written notice ofinterest inbeing designated an "interested party" to the development of
consent agreements for sodium cyanide

or isocyanates should be submitted by July 5, 1990. The procedures for negotiations are described in 40 CFR 790.22. All written submissions should bear the identifying docker number (OPTS--41033; FRL 3765-4).

A Focus Meeting will be held on June 20, 1990. ADDRESSES: Send written submissions
to: TSCA Public Docket Office (TS-793), Office ofToxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. NE G-004, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460. Submissions should bear the document control number (OPTS-41033; FRL 3765-4).

The public record supporting this action, including comments, is available for public inspection in Rm. NE G-004 at the address noted above from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except legal holidays.

The Focus Meeting will be held at EPA Headquarters, Rm. 103 NE Mall, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC. Persons planning to attend the Focus Meeting, and/or seeking to be informed of subsequent public meetings on these chemicals, should notify the Environmental Assistance Division at the address listed below. To ensure seating accommodations at the Focus Meetings, persons interested in attending are asked to notify EPA at least one week ahead ofthe scheduled date.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. Michael M. Stahl, Director, Environmental Assistance Division (TS799), Office ofToxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Rm. E-543B, Washington, DC 20460, (202) 554-1404, TDD (202) 554- 0551.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA has received the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee's Report to the Administrator.

LBackground

TSCA (Pub. L 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et seq; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) authorizes the Administrator ofEPA to promulgate regulations under section 4(a) requiring testing of chemical substances and mixtures in order to develop data relevant to determining the risks that such chemical substances and mixtures may present to health and the environment. Section 4(e) ofTSCA established an Interagency Testing Committee to make recommendations to the Administrator ofEPA on chemical substances and mixtures tobe given priority consideration in proposing test rules under section 4(a). Section 4(e) directs the ITCto revise its list of recommendations at least every 6 months as necessary. The ITC may "designate" up to 50 substances and mixtures at any one time for priority consideration by the Agency. The ITC's Twenty-sixth Report was received by the Administrator on May 8, 1990, and follows this Notice. The Report adds one chemical and three groups of chemicals to the TSCA section 4(e) priority list.

I1.Written and Oral Comments and Public Meetings

EPA invites interested persons to submit detailed comments on the ITC's new recommendations. The Agency is interested in receiving information concerning additional or ongoing health and safety studies on the subject chemicals as well as information relating to the human and environmental
exposure to these chemicals.

A notice will be published later in the Federal Register adding the substances recommended in the ITC's Twenty-sixth Report to the TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule (40 CFR part 716), which requires the reporting of unpublished health and safety studies

on the listed chemicals. The delay in publishing this notice is necessitated because ofthe requirement to complete the economic analysis on three groups of chemicals. That notice will also add chemicals to the TSCA section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (40 CFR part 712). The section 8(a) rule requires the reporting ofproduction volume, use, exposure, and release information on the listed chemicals.

Focus Meetings will be held to discuss relevant issues pertaining to the intent
to designate chemicals and to narrow the range ofissues/effects which will be the focus ofthe Agency's subsequent activities in responding to the ITC recommendations. The Focus Meetings will be held onJune 20, 1990, as follows:

10:00-11:30 a.m.: Sodium Cyanide. 1:00-2:30 p.m.: Isocyanates. They will be held atEPA Headquarters, Rm. 103 NE Mall, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC. These meetings are intended to supplement and expand upon written comments submitted in response to this notice.

Persons wishing to attend these meetings, or subsequent meetings on these chemicals, should call Michael Stahl, Environmental Assistance Division, at the telephone number listed above at least one week in advance.

This notice also serves to invite
persons interested in participating in or monitoring negotiations for a consent agreement for sodium cyanide or isocyanates to notify EPA no later than [insert date 30 days after date of publication in the Federal Register]. The procedures for negotiations are described in 40 CFR 790.22. All written submissions should bear the identifying docket number (OPTS-41033; FRL 3765- 4).

I1. Status ofList

In addition to adding one chemical and three chemical group recommendations to the priority list, the ITC's Twenty-sixth Report notes the removal ofcrotonaldehyde and disperse blue dyes from the list. 

### 23050

### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2603. Dated: May 30, 1990. Charles M. Auer, ActingDirector, ExistingChemical AssessmentDivision. Twenty-Sixth Report ofthe Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency
Summary

Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA, Pub. L. 94- 469] provides for the testing of chemicals in commerce that may present

an unreasonable risk ofinjury to health

or the environment, that may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities or that may involve significant or substantial human
exposure. It also provides forthe establishment ofa Committee (the Interagency Testing Committee), composed ofrepresentatives from eight designated Federal agencies, to recommend chemical substances and mixtures (chemicals) towhich the Administrator ofthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should give priority testing consideration. Section 4(e)(1)(A) ofTSCA directs the Committee to recommend to the EPA Administrator chemicals to which the Administrator should give priority testing consideration pursuant to section 4(a). The Committee is required to designate those chemicals, from among its recommendations, to which the Administrator should respond within 12 months by either initiating a rulemaking proceeding under section 4(a) or publishing the Administrator's reason for not initiating such aproceeding. At least every 6 months, the Committee makes those revisions in the TSCA section 4(e) Priority List that it determines to be necessary and transmits them to the EPA Administrator.

As a result ofits deliberations, the Committee is revising the TSCA section 4(e) Priority List by the addition ofone chemical and three chemical groups.

The Priority List isdivided into three parts: Part A contains those recommended chemicals and groups designated forpriority consideration and response by the EPA Administrator within 12 months. Part B contains chemicals and groups recommended with intent-to-designate. This category

was established by the Committee in its seventeenth report (50 FR 47603; November 19, 1985) to take advantage of rules promulgating automatic reporting requirements for non-designated ITC recommendations under the section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Rule and the TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. Information received following recommendation with intent-todesignate may influence the Committee
to either designate or not designate the chemicals or groups in a subsequent report to the Administrator. Part C contains chemicals and groups that have been recommended forpriority consideration by EPA without being designated for response within 12 months. The changes to the Priority List

are presented, together with the types of testing recommended in the following Table 1.The notes following Table 1 acknowledge the Committee's efforts to comprehensively examine ongoing testing-related activities and available information previously submitted under TSCA.

TABLE 1-ADDITIONS TO THE SECTION 4(E) PRIORITY LIST MAY 1990

Chemical/group

A. Designated: None. B. Recommended with Intent-to-Designate: Sodium cyanide (CAS No. 143-33-9)

...........................

Isocyanates

..................................................................................................................

C. Recommended: Brominated flame retardants

....................................................................................

Alkylphosphates

......................................................................................................... Recommended studies

Chemical Fate: None. Health Effects: Under review, as cyanide. Ecological Effects: Toxicity to migratory birds.

Chemical Fate: Physical/chemical properties and persistence. Health Effects: Under review. Ecological Effects: None.

Chemical Fate: Physical/chemical properties and persistence. Heatlh Effects: Under review. Ecological Effects: None.

Chemical Fate: Physical/chemical properties and persistence. Health Effects: None. Ecological Effects: None, except tri-n-butyl phosphate.

The individual chemicals for the chemical groups in Table 1 are listed below to identify SARA section 110 and EPCRA section 313 chemicals and to minimize ambiguities related to TSCA sections 8(a) and 8(d) reporting requirements. Chemical

nos. 1 through 43 are isocyanates, chemical nos. 44 through 59 are brominated flame retardants, and chemical nos. 60 through 79 are alkyl phosphates.

Chemical name CAS No. Notes

2,6-Toluene diisocyanate

................................................................................................ 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3'-dmethybiphenyl

................ ....................... p-Nitropheny isocyanate

................................................ 4.4'-Diphenylmethane dilsocyanate

............................................................................. 3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate

.............................. Phenyl isocyanate

...................................................................................................... . p.-Chlorophenyl isocyanate

.......................................................................... ... ....... p-Phenylene dilsocyanate..;

............................................................................................ 9. Enyl isocyanal 10. n-Propy isocy 11. n-Butyl isocyar 12. Octadecvl isoc 91-08-7 91-97-4 100-28-7 101-68-8 102-36-3 103-71-9 104-12-1 104-49-4 109-90-0 110-78-1 111-36-4 112-96-9 b~d,e,f ef

b,e,f

C

ej 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 0e

.. ............................................................................................................. anate

. ...................................... ............................................................... ate

.......................................... ..................................... ...................... vanate

............................................ 

### 23051

### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

Chemical name

1,3-Diisocyanatober (a a-Trifluoro-m-tc 2,4-Toluene diisocyi 1-1socyanato-2-mett 1-1nsntn-4-math' socvanate
....................................................... ...................... 13. 14.. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

N 1. o, -7 i.cllcropllenlyl •42. 2-Heptyl-3,4-bis(9-s 43. Isophorone diisocya 44. Bromochloromethar 45. 3,4',5-Tribromosalic 46. 2,3,4,5,6-Pentabrorr 47. 1,2,3,4,5-Pentabror 48. 2,3-Dibromopropan 49. Vinyl bromide

.......... 50. 2,4.Dibromophenol 51. Ethoxylated tetrabr( 52. Tetrabromobisphen 53. Tetrabromodichloro 54. Tribromotrichlorocy 55. Tribromoneopentylt 56. Tetrabromobisphen 57. Alkanes, Cio-,., broi 58. 2,4-(or 2,6)-Dibrom 59. Benzene, etheny-, 60. Triethyl phosphate. 61. Trs(2-ethylhexyl) pt 62. Tris(2-butoxyothyl) 63. Di-n-butyl phosphat 64. Triisobutyl phospha 65. Tr-n-butyl phospha 66. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phc 67. Monomethyl phosp 68. Mono(2-ethyhexyl) 69. Ethyl dichlorophosp 70. n-butyl phosphate.. 71. Mono(isopropyl) ph 72. Monooctadecyl phc 73. Monohexyl phosphi 74. Monooctyl phospha 75. Di-n-dodecyl phosp 76. 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)( 77. 2-Ethylhexyl phospl 78. Dodecyl phosphateocyanatononyl)-l-pentylcyclohexane

.......................................... nate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate adduct

...................................... Re...1

.................................................... ; .............................................. ylanilide

............................................................................................ notofuene

.......................................................................................... no-6-chlorocyclohexane

.................................................................. Ol

........................................................................................................

omobisph ol A, bis( cyclohex clohexan alcohol.. o0 A dia mochloro ophenol, homopol

hosphate phospha

a ............. te
.......... tel. isphate. ha noi A

........................................... .................................. (alyl ether)

..................................... ................................. (ane

..... .................................... .................................

ae ....................................................................................
rylate

............................................. ...................................

.........................................................................................
homopolymer

............................................................. tymer, brominated.

. .....................................................

e.........................................................................................
te

.................................................................. ;.....................

pnate

......................................................................................

................................. te........................................................ ate

........ ........ ;.............................................
.............. ..............

Disooctyl phosphate

........................................ Recommended in 18th Report, but plant toxicity testing needed. CAS No.

Methyl isocyanate,.

................................ :

..................................................................... 3-1socyanato- -propene

............................................ 1,1',1 "-M ethylidynetds(4-socyanato-benzene)

...................................................... I -Bromo-4-isocyanatobenzene

........................................................................................ I -Chloro-3-isocyanatobenzene

.......................................................................... Ethyl isocyanatoacetate

............................. .............. Cyclohexyl isocyanate

...................................................................................................... Tris(isocyanatohexyl)biuret

............................................................................................. Isophorone diisocyanate

.................................................................................................. Tns(4-isocyanatophenyl) thiophosphate

........................................................................ 1,1 '-Methylenebis(4-isocyanato-cyclohexane)

.............................................................. 1-1socyanato-2-((4-isocyanato-phenyl)m elhyl)benzene

................................................ Diphenylmethylene diisocyanate

..................................................................................... 1,6-Diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane

.............................................. !

........................... 1,6-Diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethythexane

......................................... ................................ Bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene

....................................................................................... 1,1'-Methylenebis(isocyanatobenzene)

.......................................................................... Toluene diisocyanate

........................................................................................................ 1,3,5-Tris(3-isocyanatomethylphenyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trone

.............. Toluene diisocyanate dim er

............................................................................................. 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl isocyanate

.................................................................................... 2-lsocyanato-1,3-dimethylbenzene

.............................................. .................................. 2-1socyanatoethyl methacrylate

................................... .................................................

*Notes:

a. Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) section 110.

b. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) pection,313..

c.Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
section 8[a) Preliminary' Assessment Information Rule (PAIR). d. TSCA section 8(a) Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR). *e. TSCA section 8(d) Health andSafety Data Reporting.Rule.

f. T.CA section 8(c) notices requiring manufacturers, importers, processors and distributors to submit records and reports of .allegntions that chemical substances or * mixtures causedsignificant adverse reaction
to health orthe environment.

TSCA Interagency Testing Committee
-StatutoryMember Agencies and Their Representatives: Council on Environmental. Quality

Nomination pending

. 

### 23052

.4

123-61-5 329-01-1 584-84-9 614-68-6 622-58-2 624-83-9 1476-23-9 2422-91-5 2493-02-9 2909-38-8 2949-22-6 3173-53-3 4035-89-6 4098-71-9 4151-51-3 5124-30-1 5873-54-1 10031-75-1 156456-96-5 16938-22-0 25854-16-4 26447-40-5 26471-62-5
26603-40-7 26747-90-0 28178-42-9 28556-81-2 30674-80-7 34893-92-0 68239-06-5 73597-26-9 74-97-5 87-10-5 87-83-2 87-84-3 96-13-9 593-60-2 615-58-7 4162-45-2 25327-89-3 30554-72-4
30554-73-5 36483-57-5 55205-38-7 68955-41-9, 69882-11-7 88497-56-7 78-40-0 78-42-2 78-51-3 107-66-4 126-71-6 126-73-8 298-07-7 812-00-0 .1070-03-7 1498-51-7 1623-15-0 1623-24-1 2958-09-0 3900-04-7 3991-73-9 7057-92-3 7332-46-9 12645-31-7
12751-23-4

27215-10-7 Notes

ef

b,d,e,f

b

e,1

elf
e,f ejf ej

a,b,d,e,f

a,e

abe

f f

c,e,f

f socUya;aLO 11

.. ................................................................

............................................................................... .......... 1.

............

............

............
I

### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesdav, lune 5. 1990 / Notices

Department ofCommerce

Raimundo Prat, Alternate Environmental Protection Agency

Letitia Tahan, Member Vincent Nabholz, Alternate National Cancer Institute

Thomas P.Cameron, Alternate National Institute ofEnvironmental

Health Sciences James K. Selkirk, Member and Chairperson National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health Robert W. Mason, Member (See Note 

### 1)

Rodger L. Tatken, Alternate National Science Foundation

Carter Kimsey, Member Jarvis L. Moyers, Alternate Occupational Safety and Health

Administration Loretta Schuman, Member and ViceChairperson

Stephen Mallinger, Alternate Liaison Agencies and Their Representatives: Agency for Toxic Substances and

Disease Registry Deborah Barsotti Consumer Product Safety Commission

Lakshmi C. Mishra Department ofAgriculture

Richard M. Parry, Jr. Elise A. B. Brown Department ofDefense

Harry Salem Melvin E. Anderson Department of the Interior

Clifford P. Rice Barnett A. Rattner Department ofTransportation

James O'Steen (See Note 2) Food and Drug Administration

Charles J. Kokoski (See Note 3) Raju Kammula (See Note 4) National Library ofMedicine

Vera Hudson National Toxicology Program

Ex-officio U.S. International Trade Commission

Edward Matusik (See Note 5) James Raftery (See Note 6) Committee Staff:

John D. Walker, Executive Secretary Norma Williams, ITC Program Specialist Support Staff:

Alan Carpien

- Office ofthe General Counsel, EPA
Notes:

"11) Appointed on April 4.1990. (2)Appointed on February 9. 1990. (3)Appointed on February 1, 1990. 

### (41 Appointed -onFebruary 5,1990. (5-Appointed on March 19, 1990. (6)Appointed on April 18, 199o. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the assistance and support given the ITCby the staffof Syracuse Research Corp. (technical support contractor) and personnel of the EPA Office ofToxic Substances. Chapter 1-Introduction

1.1 Background. The Interagency Testing Committee (Committee) was established under section 4(e) ofthe Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA, Pub. L 94-469). The specific mandate ofthe Committee is to recommend to the Administrator ofthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chemical substances and mixtures in commerce that should be given priority testing consideration. TSCA specifies that the Committee's recommendations shall be in the form of

a Priority List, which is tobe published in the Federal Register. The Committee is directed by section 4(e)(1)(A) ofTSCA to designate those chemicals on the Priority List to which the EPA Administrator should respond within 12 months by either initiating a rulemaking proceeding under section 4(a) or publishing the Administrator's reason for not initiating such a proceeding. There is no statutory time limit for EPA response regarding chemicals that ITC has recommended with intent-todesignate or recommended.

At least every 6 months, the Committee makes those revisions in the section 4(e) Priority List that it determines to be necessary and transmits them to the EPA Administrator.

The Committee is composed of repres.entatives from 8 statutory member agencies and 10 liaison agencies. The specific representatives and their affiliations are named in the front of this report. The Committee's chemical review procedures and priority recommendations are described in previous reports (Refs. 1 through 9).

1.2 Committee'spreviousreports. Twenty-five previous reports to the EPA Administrator have been issued by the Committee and published in the Federal Register. Seventy-eight chemicals and 21 chemical groups were recommended for priority consideration by the EPA Administrator and designated for response within 12 months. In addition, 12 chemicals and 6 chemical groups
were recommended without being so designated. Overall, in the 25 reports to the EPA Administrator, the Committee has recommended testing for 90 chemicals and 26 chemical groups. The groups ofdesignated and recommended chemicals do not total 27, because 1 group (brominated flame retardants)

was split between designated and recommended parts of the priority list. A complete list-of recommended chemicals may be obtained by contacting: Dr. John D. Walker, Executive Secretary, Interagency Testing Committee, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (TS792), 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, U.S.A., (202) 382-3820.

1.3 Committee'sactivitiesduringthis reporting period. Between October 26, 1989 and April 26, 1990, the Committee reviewed chemicals that were nominated by Member Agencies, evaluated chemicals by using the Committee's computerized, substructure-based, chemical selection processes (Ref. 11) and examined lists of ongoing activities related to reducing testing information deficiencies.

Member-Agency nominations sustains

one of the Committee's major functions, viz, to serve in an advisory capacity to assist in the exchange ofinformation, collaboration, and elimination of problems caused byjurisdictional overlap and to assist in the coordination of testing being sponsored or required by U.S. Government organizations. The chemical, 4-Vinyleyclohexene and the brominated flame retardants, that were recommended for testing in the Committee's 25th Report, were nominated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, respectively. New member-agency nominations for this report include sodium cyanide (the U.S. Department of the Interior) and isocyanates (the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).

Alkyl phosphates were selected by using the Committee's computerized, substructure-based, chemical selection processes. The Committee continues to recommend groups ofstructurally- or use-related chemicals for screening
tests. The Committee believes this is a cost-effective approach to satisfying, chemical testing information ' deficiencies because it promotes a comprehensive analysis of chemicals that may produce similar effects or that may involve similar exposures.

During this reporting period, the Committee reviewed several TSCA section 8(a) and 8(c) reports containing Confidential Business Information (CBI). The Committee is requesting that EPA
not add 2,4-, 2,6-, and mixed isomers of toluene diisocyanate to PAIR at this time. For these chemicals, the Committee wants Member Agencies to have an opportunity to examine information submitted in response to CAIR, especially information that might beredundant with information required by PAIR.

During this reporting period, the Committee'also reviewed several For Your Information (FYI), TSCA section 9.-qnl;-q

### 23054Feea eierIVl55No10 Tudaun5,19/Nocs
8(d) and 8(e) documents that are stored

on microfiche in the TSCA Public Docket Office, Office ofToxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, Room G-004 NE Mall, 401 M St., 

### SW., Washington, D.C. 20460. These microfiched documents are also. available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (1-800- 336-4700), and from Chemical Information Systems, Inc., 7215 York Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21212 (1- 

### 800-CIS-USER). The Committee referenced several ofthese documents in Chapter 2 ofthis report and readers

are referred to the above addresses to obtain further information. Interested parties can also obtain, from the EPA address, copies ofpublicly-available reports, letters and published references supporting recommendations of chemicals in this report.

The Committee continues to comprehensively search available domestic and international lists of ongoing activities related to reducing testing information deficiencies on chemicals under review. Efforts to conduct these searches identified chemicals listed in other statutes and chemicals for which TSCA informationgathering activities are ongoing (see Table I notes). The Committee makes the results ofthese searches publicly available by referencing TSCA submissions in Reports to the EPA Administrator or making tablesand references ofthese submissions available in the public dockets supporting a Report to the EPA Administrator.

As related to ongoing international activities, the Committee compared the list ofCAS Registry numbers of chemicals that it is recommending for testing with a March 9, 1990 list ofCAS Registry numbers for 45 high production volume chemicals allocated for cooperative work by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. There were no common, CAS Registry numbers on both lists.

During thisreporting period, the Committee reviewed available information on 92 chemicals and 14 chemical groups. One chemical and three chemical groups were selected for addition to the section 4(e) Priority List;

one chemical and two'chemical groups
were deferred. Review ofthe remaining chemicals is continuing.



### 1.4 The TSCA section4(e)Priority List. Section 4(e)(1)(B).of TSCA directs the Committee to: ".... make such revisions in the [priority] list

.as it determines to be necessary and * transmit them to the Administrator together with the'Committee's reasonsfor the revisions." Under this authority, the Committee is reviging the List by adding one chemical, sodium cyanide. (CAS No. 143-33-9) and three chemical
groups, isocyanates, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and alkyl phosphates. Crotonaldehyde (CAS No.,4170-30-3)

was removed from the Priority List because the EPA published a Consent Order on November 9, 1989 (54 FR 47062). Disperse Blue Dyes were removed from the Priority List because the EPA published a Consent Order on November 21, 1989 (54 FR 46162) that required testing ofCAS No. 3618-72-2; but no testing for GAS Nos. 3618-73-3, 3956-55-6 and 21429-43-6.

The Priority List (Table 2)is divided into the following three parts; namely, A. Designated Chemicals and Groups, B. Chemicals and Groups Recommended with Intent-to-Designate, and C. Recommended Chemicals and Groups. Individual chemicals in Priority List chemical groups are included in the list ofchemicals following Table 1ofthis Report and the body ofTable I in previous Reports to minimize ambiguities related to TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) reporting requirements. Table 2 reads as follows:

TABLE 2-THE TSCA SECTION 4(E) PRIORITY LIST MAY 1990

Entry Date of designation

A.Designated Chemicals and

Groups:. Brominated flame retardants.. November 1989 B. Chemicals and Groups

Recommended with Intentto-Designate:. Chloroalkyl phosphates........... November 1988 4-Vinylcyclohexene

.................. November 1989 Sodium cyanide

........................ May 1990. Isocyanates

................. May 1990 C. Recommended Chemicals

and Groups:. Imidazolium quaternary am- May 1988

monium compounds. Ethoxylated quaternary am- May 1988

monium compounds. Butyraldehyde

........................... November 1988 Brominated flame retardants.. November 1989 May 1990 Alkyl phosphates.-:

.................. May 1990

References

(1)Sixteenth Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator,.Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, May 21, 1985, 50 FR 20930-20939. Includes references to Reports 1through 15 and an annotated list ofremovals.

(2)Seventeenth Report of theTSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, November 19, 1985, 50 FR 47603- 47612. (3)Eighteenth Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, May 19, 1986, 51 FR 18368-18375.

(4)Nineteenth Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, November 14, 1986, 51 FR 41417- 41432.

(5)Twentieth Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, May 20, 1987, 52 FR 19020-19026.

(6)Twenty-first Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, November 20, 1987, 52 FR 44830- 44837.

(7)

Twenty-second Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency.TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, May 20, 1988,53 FR 18196-18210.

(8)Twenty-third Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, November 16, 1988, 53 FR 46262- 46278.

(9)Twenty-fourth Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, July 27, 1989, 54FR 31248-31249.

(10) Twenty-fifth Report ofthe TSCA Interagency Testing'Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, December 12, 1989, 54 FR 51114- 51130.

(11) Walker, J.D. and Brink, R.H. "New Cost-Effective, Computerized Approaches to Selecting Chemicals for Priority Testing Consideration." AquaticToxicology and Environmental Fate. G.W. SuterItand M.A. Lewis, Eds.American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.ASTM STP1007. 11:507-536 (1989). Chapter 2-Recommendations of the Committee

2.1 Chemicalsrecommended for priorityconsideration by theEPA Administrator.As provided by section 4(e)(1](B) ofTSCA, the Committee is adding to the section 4(e) Priority List

one chemical and three chemical groups (see Table 1). The recommendation of these chemicals is made after considering the factors identified in section 4(e)(1)(A) and other relevant information, such as the chemical testing information deficiencies ofMember Agencies.

22 Designqted chemical

. None. 2.3 Chemicals.recommended with intent-to-designate-2.3.a- Sodium cyanide--Summaryofrecommended Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 f: Notices 

### 23054

### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 

## /Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

studies.It is recommended that sodium cyanide be tested for:

1.Chemicalfate.None. 2.Healtheffects.Under review, as cyanide.

3.Ecologicaleffects.,Toxicity to migratory birds. Physical andChemical Information
CAS Number: 143-33-9 Synonyms: Sodium Cyanide Acronym: NaCN Structural Formula: Na+CN - Empirical Formula: NaCN Molecular Weight: 49.02 Physical State at 250 C: Solid Description ofChemical: White granules or fusedpieces (Ref.21, Windholtz etal., 1983)

Melting Point-5630 C Vapor Pressure: < 10- mm Hg (extrapolated to250 C)

Specific Gravity: Not Applicable Log Octan0l/Water Partition Coefficient: Not Applicable

Water Solubility at 200 C: 480,000 mg/L Log I: Not Applicable Henry's Constant: NotApplicable


### Rationale forRecommendations
A. 

### Exposureinformation.

- 

### Production/use/disposal/exposure/ release.In 1986, U.S. demand for-NaCN'

was approximately 71 million lbs. (Ref. 6, CMR, 1987).

Sodium cyanide is used in the leaching ofgold and silver from ores (Ref.21,Windholtz et al., 1983) and mine tailings (Ref. 9Fiksel et al., 1981), electroplating baths, and fumigating' warehouses and shipping containers (e.g., ships, railcars) (Ref.21, Windholtz
et al., 1983).

B. Evidence forexposureEnvironmentalexposure.During its use to extract gold and silver from mine tailings, cyanide-containing waters are discharged toimpoundments (Ref.9, Fiksel et al., 1981). The letter from the U.S. Department of the Interior nominating sodium cyanide to the Committee contained the following information (Ref.5, Buffington, 19§0):

The number ofthe mines employing this method is estimated to be in thehundreds and every indication is that the use ofthis method is expanding. Gold mining operations have been shown to yield CN [cyanide] concentrations of25-300 ppm inwater ofmill ,tailingsimpoundments and even higher concentrations, 500-2000 ppm,occur where the leach process is used.The fresh water impoundments vary from shallow depressions ofabout 50 feet across to more than 100 acres and'depths of 15 feet; the median pondis 3-4 acres. In the interest of recycling the CN, the operators intentionally try to maintain high levels ofCN in the ponds.

Sodium cyanide is included in "cyanide compounds" that are defined in 40 CFR 372.65. These cyanide compounds are on the Toxics Release Inventory established under section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (Pub. L. 99-499, "EPCRA"). Section 313 of EPCRA requires certain facilities that manufacture, process, orotherwise use toxic chemicals to report annually their environmental releases ofsuch chemicals. Mining operations, however,

are not required to report discharges to impoundments under section 313 of EPCRA. Releases of "cyanide compounds" as reported under section 313 ofEPCRA for the years 1987 and 1988 are summarized below:

Pounds Released Medium 1987 1988

Air

.................................................................................................................................................................... • ....................... 1.119,119 631,926 Water
..................................................................................................................................................................................... 142.413 190,906 Land

........................................................ ............................................................. . 14,580 134,559 Underground (Injection)

............. ....... ................................... . .................. 4,047,763 5,761,349 TO Ws'

. . .. . . . . . . . ......- 1,208,798 1,143,282 P S I

............................ .......... ........... ............................................................................................................................. ... 'Publicl Owned Treatment Works.



### In addition, a number ofmonitoring studies of water and wastewater, Including anumber of studies submitted under TSCA are available (Ref.1,Allied Chem Corp., 1985a; Ref.2, AlliedChem Corp., 1985b; Ref.3,Allied Signal Inc., 1989); Ref.7,E.I.du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., 1989; Ref.8, E.I.du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., 1989; Ref. 10,FMC Corp, 1979; Ref.12, Monsanto Co., 1987; Ref. 13, PPG Industries, Inc., 1987a; Ref. 14, PPG Industries, Inc, 1987b; Ref. 15, Rohm & Haas Co., 1982; Ref. 16,Rohm & Haas Co., 1986; Ref. 17,Shell Oil Co, 1989; Ref. 18, Sybron Corp, 1982; Ref. 19, Union Carbide Corp., 1988.


### I. Chemical Fate Information

Chemical fate testing is not recommended at this time.
II.Health Effects Information

Health effects information on cyanide is being reviewed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (Ref.4, ATSDR, 1989). Available informatioft suggests that some health effects testing may be necessary, but before testing is recommended, the Committee wants ATSDR and otherMember Agencies to have an opportunity to examine any additional information that is submitted in response to this report,

III. Ecological Effects Information

A. Acute andsubchronic(short-term) effects. Cyanidesare Priority Pollutants under the Clean Water Act. Numerous tests are available that demonstrate the
acute toxicity offree cyanide to aquatic organisms. Free cyanide is present in
water from the dissolution ofsuch cyanide compounds as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide,'and hydrogen cyanide. The LGo values for 9 freshwater fish species range from 52 to 350 j 1g/L; ihe most sensitive species is Salvelinus fontinalis.The LCso values for 6 invertebrate species range from 83

, to 2,490 ,g/L with the most sensitive

species beingDaphnia pulex.The LCso " * values for 3 marine fish species!' (Menidia menidia,Cyprinodon variegatus,and Pseudopieronectes americanus) are 59, 300, and 372 /g/L, respectively. Amphipods are the least sensitive of the marine invertebrates tested (LCso = 1,220 pg/L). and mysids and copepods the most sensitive (LCso values = 30 and 113 pg/L, respectively). In'addition, the 96-hour LC ovalues for the green alga Scenedesmus

. quadricauda is 160 ,g/L (Ref.20, US EPA, 1985).

B. Chronic(long-term)effects.Tests with free cyanide produced chronic toxicity values of: 34 /g/L forAsellus communis;18 pg/L for Gammarus psuedolimnaeus;8jg/L forSalvelinus fontinalis;16 g/L for Pimepholes promelas;and 70 Ag/L forMysidopsis bahia(Ref. 20, US EPA, 1985).

C. Otherecological effects (biological, behavioral, orecosystemprocess).The letter from the U.S. Department of the Interior nominating sodium cyaiide to the Committee contained the following information (Ref. 5; Buffington 1990):

Cyanide in Water ofheap leach and mill tailings ponds associated with precious metal 

### 23055

### 23056 F eo1e
mining hasbeen iniplicated insubstantial wildlife mortality In the western U.S. during the 1980s. As aresult ofvoluntary reporting by 47 mining operations in the State of Nevada, more than 6,000 carcasses ofat least 80 species ofbirds, 17 species ofmammals, and avariety ofreptiles and amphibians have been retrieved from these Impoundments. Birds, especially aquatic migrants, represented over 90 percent ofthe total mortalities. Although thesemine ponds

are notusually associated with prime wildlife habitat, they are frequently located along critical avian migration routes and provide resting sites for opportunistic migrants.

D. Bioconcentration and food-chain transport. No data were found. E.Rationale forecological effects testingrecommendation.The U.S. Department ofthe Interior is concerned about the toxicity ofcyanide to migratory birds that alight on ponds containing cyanide-contaminated water. Ecological effects testing is recommended because data are insufficient to reasonably determine or predict the toxicity ofcyanide to migratory birds and other wildlife.

References

(1)

Allied Chemical Corp. TSCA Sec.8(d) submission 878216017, microfiche number OTS0206784. "Hydrogeologic investigation and implementation ofremedial measures at Bendix Industrial Tools Green Field. Massachusetts with cover letters." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, US. Environmental Protection Agency. (1985a).

(2)Allied Chemical Corp. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 878216189, microfiche number OTS0206ON5. "Finalreport preliminary site assessment Broadview, Illinois plant Amphenol Products Division industrial and sector with cover letter attached." Washington, DQ: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection'Agency. (1985b).

(3)AlliedSignal. Inc. TSCA Sec.8(d) submission 86-890000266, microfiche number OTS0520421. "Final draft phase I site assessment: Body ofreport, figures, attachments and hydraulic properties with attached appendices and coverletter dated 05/15/89." Washington, DC:Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1989).

(4)ATSDR. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. "Toxicological Profile for Cyanide." TP-88/12. Department of Health and Human Services. U.S. Public Health Service, Centers forDisease Control, Atlanta, GA (1989).

(5)Buffington, J.D.Letter fromJohn D. Buffington. Regional DirectorforResearch and Development, Fish and Wildlife Servide, U.S. Department ofthe Interior to John D. Walker, Acting Executive Secretary, Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), nominating NaCN for consideration by the ITC, Dated April 17.1990.

(6) CMR.Chemical Marketing-Reporter. "Chemical Profile: Hydrogen Cyanide."'June, 22. New York, NY: Schnell Publishing Co. (1987). (7) E.I.du Pont de Nemours &Co., Inc. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-890000135, microfiche number OTS0517735. "Endangerment assessment, on-site conditions on seven chemicals with cover letter dated02/24/89." Washington. DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. " , Environmental Protection Agency. (1989a).

(8) E.I. du Pont de Nemours &Co,Inc. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-890000134, microfiche number OTS0517734. "Endangerment assessment, off-site conditions on 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1- dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, xylenes and 1,3-dichloropropane with cover letter dated 02/24/89." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1989b).

(9) Fiksel, J., Cooper, C., Eschenroeder, A., Goyer, M., and Perwak, J., "Exposure and risk
assessment for cyanide." EPA/440/4-85/08. (NTIS PB&5-22072). Cambridge, MA: Arthur D. Little, Inc. (1981).

(10) FMC Corp. TSCA Sec.4 submission 40-7942485, microfiche number OTS0519270. "Health effect studies on various aryl phosphates." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1979).

(11) Janks, W.R. "Cyanides." In: KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemical Technology.New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons (1979).

(12) Monsanto Co. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 66-870000940, microfiche number OTS0515378. "Acute oral, eye, skin, and inhalation toxicity, preliminary ground water assessment, and characterization ofeffluents ofphenol with cover letter dated 07/27/87." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987).

(13) PPG Industries, Inc. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-870002003, microfiche number OTS0517092. "Waste disposal sites assessment." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987a).

(14) PPC Industries, Inc TSCA.Sec. 8(d) submission 86-870002033, microfiche number OTS0517122. "Preliminary investigation at the Hranica waste disposal site

-Sarver, Penn." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987b).

(15)Rohin &Haas Co.TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 878212294, microfiche number OTS0205979. "Characterization &fate ofthe discharge ofpriority pollutants from the Rohim &Haas Philadelphia plant into Delaware low level collector ofthe Philadelphia sewer." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1982).

(16) Robin & Haas Co. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 868600048, microfiche number OTS0510197. "Memorandum: treatment of cyanide in the Houston plant with cover letter dated 05/07/06." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1986).

(17) Shell Oil Co.TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 8 microfiche number 0TS0516763. "Analysis ofwaste water
.. samples and inhalation reproduction rangefinding Study inmated ratswith C9 aromatic hydrocarbons with cover letter dated 05/10/ 89." Washington.DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1989).

(18) Sybron Corp. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 878210423, microfiche number OTS0206251. "Surface water quality and hydrogeologic investigation ofabandoned settling basins." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1982).

(19) Union Carbide Corp.TSCA Sec. 81d) submission 86-880000319, microfiche number OTS0514200. "Hydrogeological investigation
at the Union Carbide Solvents and Materials Coating Plant with cover letter dated07/06/ 88." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 11988).

(20) U.S. EPA.Environmental Protection Agency. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide. Washington, DC: Office ofWater Regulation and Standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1985).

(21) Windholtz, M., Budavari, S., Blumetti, R.F., and Otterbein, E.S., eds., The Merck Index. l0th edition. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck &Co., Inc., p. 8440 (1983).

2.3.b Isocyanates-Summary of recommendedstudies.It is recommended that the isocyanates included-in thelist ofchemicals following Table 1 (except for those with specific testing noted In the Physical and Chemical Information section and section II ofthis chapter) be tested for:

1. Chemical fate.Physical/chemical properties and persistence.

2.Healtheffects. Under review. 

### 3.Ecological effects. None.

Physical andChemical Information
Except for vapor pressure of phenyl isocyanate (2.57 mm Hg at 25' C; Ref. 6, Daubert and Danner, 1989), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (0.008 mm Hg at 20*C; Ref. 3, Boublick et al., 1984), n-butyl isocyanate (17.6 mm Hg at 25' C; Ref.6, Daubert and Danner, 1989) and cyclohexyl isocyanate (1.02 mm Hg at 25* C;Ref. 6, Daubert and Danner, 1989), melting point ofcyclohexyl isocyanate (48' C; Ref. 2, Aldrich, 1988), methyl isocyanate (-17' C; Ref. 7,Dean, 19851, pchlorophenyl isocyanate (31' C; Ref. 7, Dean, 1985) and n-butyl isocyanate (26" C; Ref. 2, Aldrich, 1988) and boiling point ofp-chlorophenyl isocyanate (204' C; Ref. 7, Dean, 1985), cyclohexyl isocyanate (168-170 C;Ref. 7, Dean, 1985), n-butyl isocyanate (115' C; Ref. 7, Dean, 1985) and methyl isocyanate (39.1, C; Ref. 16, Weast. et al., 1985). the Committee has no information on measured physical/chemical properties ofthe isocyanates included inthe list of chemicals following Table 1.

Rationale forRecommendations

A. Exposureinformation-- Production/use/disposal.lexposurel 

### Federal Register j Vol. 55, No., 108 / Tuesday. Jiune 

### 5, 1990 / Notices 

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### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

release.The Committee believes that the isocyanates included in the listof chemicals following Table Iare commercially available and that many
are produced in substantial volumes; actual volumes are CBI. Isocyanates are used ina large number ofapplications including-polyurethanes, flexible urethane foams (forfurniture, transportation, carpet underlay, bedding, and other foam uses),rigid foams, coatings, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, preparation of polyurethane resin and spandex fibers, bonding rubber to rayon and nylon, and in the manufacture of carbamates ureas forpharmaceuticals, herbicides, and pesticides. A search ofstudies submitted under TSCA revealed monitoring studies for4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 2,4- toluene diisocyanate (Ref. 8, Hazelton Labs, 1977; Ref. 14, Potlatch Corp., 1987).

B.Evidenceforexposure-Human 

### exposure.The isocyanates recommended in this report are used in

a variety ofapplications, many ofwhich

can lead to worker exposure. This is exemplified by the case reports or industrial hygiene studies submitted to the EPA as FYI (foryour information) or under TSCA sections 8(d) (health and safety studies) or 8(e) (noticeof substantial risk) as well as thereports of significant adverse reactions submitted under TSCA section 8(c) as CBL A table ofisocyanates for which FYI, TSCA 8(d)

or 8[e)case reports and industrial hygiene studies, and a list ofreferences forthose reports or studies are contained in the public docket forthe 26th ITC Report.

Environmental exposure.The 

### following releases are reported from the Toxics Release Inventory:

Pounds released Chemical name/medium 1987 1988

2,6-Toluene

dusocyanate: Air

.......................... . 424,400 131,421 Water

.............. . 102.510 0 Land

............................. 1.000 510
4.4'-Dlpenylmethane

diisocyanate: Ai

.................................. 868.740 285,181 Water

........................... 770 1.022 Land

............................ 6,975 87.165 2,4-Toluene

diisocyanate: Air

................................... 821.295 226,672 Water

.................... 250 0
Land

......................... .... 1,000 1.040 Methyl isocyanate:

Air

................. 286,544 10.175 W

ater

.............................. 0 0 Land

.............................. 0 64 

### I Chemical Fate Information

A search ofchemical fate studies submitted under TSCA revealed three biodegradation studies for 4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Ref. 10, International Isocyanate Institute (1II), 1987a.; Ref. 11, III, 1987b; Ref. 12, III, 1987c). These studies, since they were conducted in the presence ofliquid water, may be biodegradation tests on isocyanate hydrolysis products. An EPA report provided reliable hydrolysis data forphenyl isocyanate andn-butyl isocyanate.(Ref. 13, Mill et al., 1984) as did the results ofCastro'et al. (Ref.5, 1985) for methyl isocyanate. Other hydrolysis data for methyl isocyanate and phenyl isocyanate appear to be less reliable because it is unknown whether buffers were used to control pH and because some experiments used a considerable amount of dioxane (Ref. 15, Tiger et al., 1971); data for toluene diisocyanate appear to be less reliable because experiments were conducted in the heterogeneous phase, temperature

was not controlled, it isunknown whether buffers were used to control pH and because some experiments used dioxane-water mixtures (Ref.1, Aleksandrova et al., 1972; Ref. 4, Brochhagen and Grieveson, 1984). The Committee acknowledges that simple isocyanates hydrolyze rapidly in the .presence of'liquid water. However, the Committee recognizes that in the absence ofsufficient quantities of liquid water, that physical/chemical properties such as vapor pressure will influence the fate ofisocyanates, especially partitioning to air.With respect to partitioning to air and in response to the Committee's recommendation ofhealth effects testing forhexamethylene diisocyanate in the 22nd Report, the EPA proposed gas-phase hydrolysis testing to estimate the persistence of hexamethylene diisocyanate in workplace air.A previous study'on gasphase hydrolysis of toluene diisocyanate indicated that loss of toluene diisocyanate resulted from adsorption to test chamber walls, not hydrolysis (Ref.9 Holdren et al., 1984). At this time the Committee is not recommending gas-phase hydrolysis testing ofisocyanates, because it wants to review the gas-phase hydrolysis test data forhexamethylene diisocyanate. However, chemical fate testing is recommended because data were insufficient to reasonably determine or predict physical/chemical properties' andpersistence.

II.Health Effects Information

Health effects testing information is being reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Institute ofOccupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Member Agencies are concerned about the-potential adverse health effects that may result from
exposure to isocyanates. Available information suggests that some health effects testing may be necessary, but before testing is recommended, the. Committee wants EPA, NIOSH, OSHA and other Member Agencies to have an opportunity to examine any additional information that is submitted in response to this Report. A table of isocyanates forwhich FYI,TSCA 8(d) or 8(e) health effects studies were submitted to the EPA and a list of references for those studies are contained in the public docket forthe 26th ITCReport.

IIl. Ecological Effects Information

No'ecological effects testing is recommended at this time. A table of isocyanates for which FYI, TSCA 8(d) or 8(e) ecological effects, bioconcentration and tissue concentration studies were submitted to the EPA and a list of references for those studies are contained in the public docket for the 26th ITC report. Many ofthese studies, since they were performed in liquid water, may be toxicity tests on isocyanate hydrolysis products.

References

(1)Aleksandrova, Yu V., Kryuchkov, F.A., and Tarakanov, O.G. "Some kinetic relationships of the water-isocyanate reaction." Vysokomolekulyarnye soedineniya.Vol. A14(1):23-29 (1972).

- (2) Aldrich. CatalogueHandbookof Fine Chemicals.Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, pp. 279 and 429 (1988-1989).

(3)Boublick,T., Fried,V., and Hala, E. "The vaporpressures ofpure substances: selected values ofthe temperature dependence ofthe vapor pressures ofsomepure substances in the normal and low region." Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Scientific Publishers. 17:697 (1984).

,

(4) Brochhagen, F.K., andGrieveson, B.M. "Environmental aspects ofisocyanates in water and soil." Cellular Polymers.3:11-17 (1984).

(5)Castro,A.E., Moodie, R.B., and Sansom. P.|. "The kinetics ofhydrolysis ofmethyl and phenyl lsocyanates." Journal ofthe Chemical Society.Perkin Transactions II, pp. 737-742 (1985).

(6)Daubert. T.E. and Danner, R.P. "Physical and thermodynamic properties of pure chemicals: data compilation." Design Institute forPhysical Property Data, American Institute ofChemical Engineers. New York. N.Y.: Hemisphere Publishing Corp. Vol. 4 (1989). 

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### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

. (7)Dean, I.A.Lange'sHandbookof Chemistry.13th ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw Hill Book Company, pp. 7-189, 232, 252, 516 

### (1985).

(8)Hazelton Laboratories. TSCA Sec.8(d) submission 8-870000690, microfiche number OTS0514800. Foam plant stackemission data report. Washington. DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1977).

(9) Holdren, M.W., Spicer, C.W., Riggen R.M. "Gas phase reaction of toluene diisocyanate with water vapor."American Industrial HygieneAssociation Journal. 45:626-633 (1984).

(10) International Isocyanate Institute. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 8870000652. microfiche number OTS0515179. Biodegradability and toxicity biossays of isocyanates and amines. Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987a].

(11) International Isocyanate Institute. TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-870000646, microfiche number OTS0515172. Biodegradation oftoluene diisocyanate and diphenyl methane diisocyanate. Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances. U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency. (1987b).

(12) International Isocyanate Institute. TSCA Sec.8(d) submission 86-870000649, microfiche numberOTS0515176. Ecotoxicity oftoluene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, toluene diamine, and diphenyl methane. Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987c).

(13) Mill, T.,Mabey, W.R., Podall. R.T., Dulin, D., Drossman, H.,Liu, A., Barich, V., Jaber, H., Irwin, K. "Data Generation for Process and Property Constants Used in Fate Assessments." FinalReport. Hydrolysisof Isocyanotes.EPA Contract No. 68-03-2981, Project Officer LA. Mulkey, Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, pp.18-24 (1984).

(14) Potlatch Corp.TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-70001300, microfiche number OTS0515459. Water sample analysis for priority pollutants with coverletter dated07/ 29/87.Washington. DC:Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987).

(15) Tiger,R.P.,Bekhli, LS.,and Entelis, S.G. "The kinetics and mechanism of isocyanate hydrolysis." Kineticai Kataliz. 12:318-325 (1971).

(16)Weast, R.C., Astle,MJ., and Beyer,. W.H. The CRCHandbookofChemistryand Physics.66th ed.Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press,p. 

### C-353 (1985).

2.4 Recommendedchemicals-2.4.a Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)- Summary of recommendedstudies.It is recommended that the BFRs Included In the list ofchemicals following Table 1 (except for those with specific testin8 noted in the Physical and Chemical Information section and section II ofthis chapter) be tested for:

1. Chemicalfate.Physical/chemical properties and persistence.

2.Healtheffects. Under review. 3. Ecologicaleffects.'None. PhysicalandChemical Information 

### Except for information on physical/ chemical properties ofa few commercial mixtures containing the BFRs included in thelist ofchemicals following Table I and water solubility of bromochloromethane (9,000 mg/L Ref. 9, Kirk-Othner, 1978) and 2,4- (or 2,6-) dibromophenol, homopolymer (1.6 mg/L; Ref. 14, Velsicol, 1990a), meltingpoint of bromochloromethane (86.50 C; Ref. 18, 

### Weast, 1987) and 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6- cyclohexane (202' 

### C; Ref.4, 

### Hutzinger et al., 1976] vapor pressure of bromochloromethane (141 mm Hg at 24" C; Ref. 10, Kudchadker et al., 1979) and ethoxylated tetrabromobisphenol A (10.1 mm Hg at 24*C; Ref. 13, U.S. Testing, 1985),octanol-water partition coefficient ofbromochloromethane (25.1; Ref. 5,ISHOW, 1988) and 2,4- (or2,6-) dibromophenol, homopolymer (143; Ref. 15, Velsicol, 1990b), the Committee has

no information on measured physical/ chemical properties ofthe BFRs included in the listof chemicals following Table 1.
Rationale forRecommendation
*A. ExposureinformationProductionluse/disposal/exposureI release. The Committee believes that the BFRs Included In the list of chemicals following Table 1may be commercially available and that several

are produced in substantial volumes; actual volumes are CBI. In a January 8, 1990 letter to the Brominated Flame Retardants Industry Panel, the Committee solicited voluntary submissions ofproduction, use, exposure, and release information, as well as anyunpublished health effects, chemical fate,and environmental effects data for the first 15 BFRs included in the list of chemicals following Table 1(Ref. 6, ITC, 1990). Inresponse to that letter, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation (GLCC} indicated that 2,3,4,5,6- pentabromotoluene and 2,3- dibromopropanol were inactive products not manufactured by GLCC, and that 2,4-dibromophenol may be manufactured by GLCCin Europe, but thatit isnot imported into theU.S. (Ref. 2, GreatLakes, 1990). The Committee appreciates receiving this voluntary information from GLCC.The Committee wants to review anyproduction, importation or exposure information that may be submitted by others in response to this report,before making any subsequent decisions on these chemicals. The 16th BFRincluded in the list ofchemicals following Table I was identified by theFerro Corporation as the analytically correct chemical description oftribrominated polystryene which was recommended for testing in the Committee's 25thReport (Ref.1, Ferro Corp., 1990). They suspected "that

no person manufactures orimports tribrominated polystyrene in the United States for commercial purposes". The Committee is examining the information submitted in response to the 25th Report

on tribrominated polystyrene

The BFRs included in thelist of chemicals following Table 1(for which

use data was available) may be used as flameretardants in fireextinguishers (bromochloromethane), polyester resins (2,3.4,5,6-pentabromotoluene, ethoxylated tetrabromobisphenol A], polystyrene foam (1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo6-cyclohexane), synthetic fibers (vinyl bromide], and plastics (tetrabromobisphenol Aallyl ether).

B.

Evidence forexposureEnvironmental exposure. Bromochloromethane was measured at concentrations greater than 10ng/L in Lake Ontario, at concentrations ranging from 5-150 ng/L in Welland River water, and at 5ng/L inNiagara Falls, Ontario chlorinated tap water (Ref.7, Kaiser and Camba, 1983; Ref.8,Kaiser et al., 1983]. Bromochloromethane was also measured (8 Jlg/L)in a10g tissue sample ofrainbow trout taken from the Colorado River (Ref.3, Hiatt, 1983). Vinyl bromide is listed on theToxics Release Inventory. In 1987, 53,700 pounds were released to air,in 1988, 4,950pounds were released to airand 400pounds were discharged to water. 1.

Chemical Fate Information Except forbiodegradation data on bromochloomethane (Ref. 12, Tabak et al., 1981), a hexahalocyclohexane mixture containing 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo6-cyclohexane (Ref. 11,Lickly et al., 1984) and 2,4- (or 2,6-) dibromophenol, homopolymer (Ref. 16,Velsicol, 1990c), the Committee has no chemical fate information on the BFRs included in the list ofchemicals following Table 1. Chemical fate testing is recommended because there are insufficient data to reasonably determine orpredict physical/chemical properties and persistence.
II.Health Effects Information

Health effects testing for bromochloromethane isbeing reviewed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Available information suggests that

somehealth effects testingmay be necessary, butbefore testing is recommended, the Committee wants ATSDR, EPA and other Member Agencies to have an opportunity to 23058

### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 1 Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

examine any additional information that is submitted in response to this Report. A table ofBFRs forwhich FYI. TSCA section 8(d) or8(e) health effects studies

were submitted to the EPA and a list of references for those studies are contained in the public docket for the 26th ITC Report.

III.Ecological Effects Information

No ecological effects testing is recommended at this time. A table of BFRs for which FYI, TSCA section 8(d)

or 8(e) ecological effects studies were submitted to the EPA and a list of references for those studies are contained in the public docket for the 26th ITCReport. The Committee examined data for 2,3,4,5,6- pentabromotoluene, including the study ofZitko and Carson (Ref.19, 1977) which demonstrated slow depuration from Atlantic salmon and the study of Walsh et al. (Ref.17, 1987) that reported

a marine algal EC 6o> Img/L.Available information suggests that some 

### environmental effects testing may be
necessary, butbefore testing is recommended, the Committee wants to examine any additional information that is submitted in response to this Report.

The Committee received permission from GLCC to send to the EPA as a FYI submission, the unpublished chemical fate,health effects, and ecological effects studies that GLCC voluntarily submitted (Ref.2, Great Lakes, 1990). The studies were assigned FYI-OTS0490-0758 and the EPA document number 84-900000087. Under40 CFR 716.20(a)(2), health and safety studies 

### submitted to EPA as FYI are exempt from both the copy and list submission 

### requirements under 40 CFR 716.30 and 716.35; GLCC has no obligation to resubmit these studies to EPA,
References

(1)Ferro Corporation. Letter from David A. Wilson, FerroCorporation, to TSCA Public Docket No.OPTS 41032, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.(February 9. 1990).

(2) Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Letter from Dennis L McFadden to John Walker, Interagency Testing Committee (March 30, 1990).

(3)

Hiatt. M.H. "Determination ofvolatile organic compounds Infish samples by

vacuum distillation and fused silica capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry." Annals ofChemistry.55:506-516 (1983).

(4)Hutzinger. 0.. Sundstrom. G. Karasek, F.W., Safe, S. "The chemistry ofsome potential polyhalogenated water pollutants." In:Identificationand Analysis ofOrganic Pollutantsin Water.Keith, L.H., ed.Ann 

### Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, pp. 15-33 (1976).

(5)ISHOW. "Information System for Hazardous Organics in Watpr [data base]."- Baltimore. MD: Chemical Information Systems, Inc., National Institute ofHealth/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [1988).

(6) ITC. Letter from John D. Walker, Interagency Testing Committee, to David L McAllister, Brominated Flame Retardants Industry Panel [January 8, 1990).

(7) Kaiser, K.L.E., and Combs, M.E. "Volatile contaminants in the Welland River watershed."JournalofGreatLakes Research.9:274-280 (1983).

(8) Kaiser, K.L.E., Comba, M.E., and Huneault, H. "Volatile halocarbon contaminants inthe Niagara River and In Lake Ontario."Journal ofGreatLakes Research.9:212-223 [1983). ()Kirk-Othmer. Kirk-Othmer EncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.New York, NY: John Wiley &Sons, Inc.4:252-253 (1978).

(10) Kudchadker, S.A., Shukla, R.P., and Patnaik, P.R. "Vapor pressures and boiling points ofselected halomethanes." Journal of PhysicalChemicalReferenceData.8:499-517 (1979).

(11) Lickly, T*.D., Rhinehart,W.L., Murphy, P.G., and Mendoza, C.G. "Aerobic and anaerobic soil degradation of a hexahalocyclohexane mixture." EnvironmentalToxicologyandChemistry. 3:503-510 (1984).

(12) Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.L. and Barth,E.F. "Biodegradability studies with organic priority pollutant compounds." Journalofthe WaterPollutionControl Federation. 53:1503-1518 (1981). (13) U.S. Testing Co.TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS-0490-0756. "Vapor pressure of bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether) of tetrabromobisphenol A" Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1990).

(14) Velsicol Chemical Corp. TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS-0490-0756. "Water solubility ofseveral flame retardants and industrial chemicals" Washington. DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency. (1990a).

(15) Velsicol Chemical Corp. TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS-.0490-0756. "Partition coefficient ofseveral flame retardants and industrial chemicals." Washington. DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1990b).

(16) Velsicol Chemical Corp. TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS-0490-0756. "Persistence ofFM-935A in soil and its effects on soil microflora." Washington, DC: Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1990c).

(17) Walsh, G.E., Yoder, M.J., McLaughin, L.L. and Lores. E.M. "Responses ofmarine algae to brominated organic compounds in 6. growth media." Ecotoxicologyand EnvironmentalSafety. 14:215-222 (1987).

(18)Weast, R.C. CRCHandbookof ChemistryandPhysics.68th ed. Boca Raton. FL CRC Press, Inc., p. C-348 (1987).

(19) Zitko,V. and Carson, W.G. "Uptake and excretion of chlorinated diphenyl ethers and brominated toluenes by fish." Chemosphere6:293-301 (1977).

2.4.bAlkyl phosphates-Summary of recommendedstudies.It is 

### recommended that the alkyl phosphates included in the listofchemicals following Table I be tested for:.

1. Chemical fate.Physical/chemical properties and persistence.

2. Healtheffects. None. 3.Ecological effects. None,except tri-nbutyl phosphate. Tri-n-butyl phosphate was recommended for plant toxicity testing in the 19th report. The EPA published a final rule on August 14, 1989 

### (54 FR33400), and reported that proposing the early seedling growth test to determine the toxicity oftri-n-butyl phosphate to plants was being considered. The Committee is only rerecommending plant toxicity testing for tri-n-butyl phosphate. Physical andChemicalInformation
Except forinformation on physical/ chemical properties ofa few commercial 

### mixtures containing the alkyl phosphates included in the list of chemicals following Table 1and melting point oftriethyl phosphate (-56.4 C), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (-70 °

### C) and tris(Z-ethylhexyl) phosphate (-90° 

### C) (Ref35, Sax and Lewis, 1987), octanol

### water partition coefficient oftriethyl phosphate (6.3; Ref. 14, Hansch and Leo, 1985) and Henry's Law Constant of triethyl phosphate (6.6 x 10-7atm m3 / 

### mol; Ref.38, Wolfenden and Williams, 1983), the Committee has no information

on measured physical/chemical properties ofthe alkylphosphates included in thelist ofchemicals following Table 1.

Rationale forRecommendation

A. ExposureinformationProduction/use/disposal/exposure! 

### release.The Committee believes that the alkyl phosphates included in the list ofchemicals following Table I are commercially available and that many


### are produced in substantial quantities; actual volumes are CBI.The Committee recognizes that some of these commercially-available mono- and dl

### alkyl phosphates may be potential degradation products ofdi- and trialkyl phosphates included in the listof chemicals following Table 1.In 1977, many ofthe chemicals were produced in 1 to 10 million lbs/year quantities (Ref. 41, TSCAPP, 1990).



### Many ofthe trialkyl phosphates are used as plasticizers, flame retardants, lubricant additives, and solvents, and

arefound infloor polishes (Ref.29, Neal et al., 1988). The Committee is concerned that these uses may result in exposure. The other alkyl phosphates

are used as extracting agents for actinide elements (di-n-butyl phosphate, bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, di-ndodecyl phosphate, and dodecyl phosphate), textile and paper processing compounds (methyl phosphate, n-butyl phosphate, and diisooctyl phosphate), 

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### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

polymerizing agent (methyl phosphate, diisooctyl phosphate), chemical intermediates (methyl phosphate and phosphorodichloridic acid, ethyl ester), lubricating oil additives (2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl phosphate), and rustremover and inhibitor (methyl phosphate and diisooctyl phosphate).

B.

Evidenceforexposure-Human
exposure.Triethyl phosphate has been detected in drinking water samples in Canada that were drawn from the Great Lakes during a period from 1978 to 1983, in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 27.1 ppt (Ref.22, LaBel et al., 1981; Ref. .46,Williams and LeBel, 1981; Ref. 47, Williams et al., 1982; Ref. 23, LeBel et al., 1987) and in concentrations of1000 ppt in Rhine River water treated by bank infiltration (Ref.33, Piet and Morra, 1983). Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate has been detected in drinking water samples in Canada that were drawn from the Great Lakes during a period from 1978 to 1983, in concentrations ranging from 0.4
to 5400 ppt (Ref.22, LeBel et al., 1981; Ref. 46, Williams and LaBel, 1981; Ref. 47, Williams at al., 1982; Ref. 23, LeBel et al., 1987), and in concentrations equal to and less than 58.5 ppt in drinking water inJapan (Ref.1, Adachi et-al., 1984). Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate has been detectqd in one ofsix drinking water samples in Ontario, Canada and in the

raw water source during 1978-79 in a concentration of0.3 ppt (same concentration in both samples) (Ref. 22, LeBel et al., 1981). None ofthe alkyl phosphates that have been detected in drinking water are approved as drinking
water additives in the U.S. (Ref. 36, Saxena, 1990).

Triethyl phosphate has been detected (no quantitative data available) in food, predominantly innut samples taken during a total diet intake study in the U.K. (Ref 11, Gilbert et al., 1086). The food daily intake estimate for tris(2- butoxyethyl) phosphate from a 1982-84 market basket survey varied from 2.9 to 13.8 ng/kg body weight per day depending upon the age group (Ref.'13, Gunderson, 1988). The food daily intake estimate for tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate from a 1982-84 market basket survey varied from 23.2 to 71.0 ng/kg body weight per day depending upon the age group (Ref. 13, Gunderson, 1988).

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate has also been detected in concentrations of 4 to 25 ng/m 3 in the aerosol particle fraction ofindoor air in 1981-82 (Ref.44, Weschler, 1984; Ref. 45, Weschler and Shields, 1986), which was thought to have arisen from floor finishes (Ref. 10, *Gasking 1988). Tris(2-ethylhexyl)

phosphate has been detected in concentrations of6 ng/m3 in the aerosol particle fraction ofindoor air in 1981-82
at 7 different offices, but not in outdoor air taken at two of the sites (Ref.44, Weschler, 1984; Ref.45, Weschler and Shields, 1986).

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was also detected in 64 out of160 human adipose tissue samples taken in Canada (concentrations of0.7 to 142.2ng/g) (Ref. 21, LeBel and Williams, 1986; Ref. 24, LeBel et al., 1989). It has also been qualitatively detected in cigarette smoke ({ef. 38, Schumacher et al., 1977). The National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted during 1981- 83 by NIOSH estimated that 5,855 workers were potentially exposed to triethyl phosphate; 225,008 workers were potentially exposed to tris(2- butoxyethyl) phosphate; 1,209workers

were potentially exposed to tris(2- ethylhexyl) phosphate; 7workers were potentially exposed to di-n-butyl phosphate; and 7 workers were potentially exposed ton-butyl phosphate (Ref30, NIOSH, 1989).

Environmentalexposure.Triethyl phosphate has been detected (0.1 to 11.8 ppt,1982-83) in raw water drawn from the Great Lakes (Ref.23, LeBel et al., 1987), in 2 out of5 samples from North Carolina rivers (no quantitative data given) (Ref. 3, Dietrich et al., 1988), and in 11 out of23 sediment samples (0.85 to 8.5 ppb in 1982-83) taken from a fjord In Denmark (Ref. 20, Kjolholt, 1985). It has also been found in a number of groundwater samples (1 to 10 ppm in 1 of 5 samples obtained from a sanitary landfill in Denmark; Ref. 37, Schultz and Kjeldsen, 1986) (10 to 15 ppb In samples taken underneath a landfill in Waterloo, Canada; Ref. 34, Reinhard et al., 1984) (0.3 ppbin groundwater underneath a landfill in Norman, OK; Ref. 5, Dunlap et al., 1976;). Triethyl phosphate has also been detected, not quantitated, in ambient air samples from Japan (Ref. 15, Haraguchi.et al. 1985).

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate has been detected In a number of surface
waters including the Delaware River (0.3
to 3 ppb) (Ref. 39, Sheldon and Hites, 1978; Ref. 16,Hites at al., 1979), the Weser River inGermany (125 ppb) (Ref. 2, Bohlen et al., 1989), and river water from Osaka, Japan (0.01 to0.08 pg/L) (Ref. 18, Kawai at al., 1985). It has also been detected in a number of industrial effluents at concentrations of7.3 to 1607 pg/L (Ref.29, Neal at al., 1986).

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, besides being detected at 0.3 ppt in raw water drawn from the Great Lakes (Ref. 22, LeBel at al., 1981), has also been detected in river water samples from Osaka, Japan (0.33-1.9 ppb) (Ref.18, 

### Kawai et al., 1985) and in one ofthree rivers in Germany (1-5 ppb) (Ref.43, Weber and Ernst, 1983). It has also been found in samples of 32 different industrial sources in Japan (no quantitative data (Ref. 17, Ishikawa eit al., 1985).


### I.Chemical FateInformation

Except forchemical fate information

on commercial mixtures containing alkyl phosphates, shake flask and semicontinuous activated sludge biodegradation test data for tris(2- butoxyethyl) phosphate (Ref.27, Monsanto, 1983), the Committee has no chemical fate information on the alkyl phosphates included in the list of chemicals following Table 1.Chemical fatetesting is recommended because there are insufficient data to reasonably determine orpredict physical/chemical properties and persistence.
I1. Health Effects Information

No health effects testing is recommended at this time. The Committee recognizes that a numberof short-term health effects tests have been conducted for many of the trialkyl phosphates (Ref.8, Eastman Kodak Co., 1984; Ref.40, Smyth and Carpenter, 1948; Ref. 26, MacFarland and Punte, 1966). Compounds tested for subchronic toxicity include triethyl phosphate for which there are two dietary studies available (Ref.12, Gumbmann at al., 1968; Ref.32, Oishl et al., 1982) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate for which there Is a National Toxicological Profile (NTP) prechronic gavage study (Ref.31, NTP, 1984), and an inhalation study (Ref. :26, MacFarland andPunte, 1966). Tris(2- ethylhexyl) phosphate was tested for chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity (Ref.31, NTP, 1984). Triethyl phosphate was also tested in a one generation study for reproductive toxicity (Ref. 12, Gumbmann et al., 1968). Triethyl phosphate was tested for genotoxicity (Ref. 7, Dyer and Hanna, 1973; Ref.42, Voogd at al., 1972; Ref.7, Dyer and Hanna, 1973; Ref.4, Degraeve at al., 1984; Ref. 9,Epstein at al., 1972; Ref.8, Eastman Kodak Co., 1984). Available information suggests that some health effects testing may be necessary, but before testing isrecommended, the Committee wants to examine any additional Information that is submitted in response to this Report.
III. Ecological Effects Information

No ecological effects testingis recommended at this time. The Committee recognizes that acute LC*o values areavailable fortriethyl phosphate forfreshwater and saltwater ItS- i --. r 

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### Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 

## / Notices

fish (Ref.8, Eastman Kodak Co., 1984; Ref. 25, Loeb and Kelly, 1963; Ref.19, Knie et al., 1983). The Committee also recognizes that LC5o values for tris(2- butoxyethyl) phosphate are available for fathead minnows and daphnids (Ref. 28, Monsanto, 1985). The Committee recognizes that trialkyl phosphates may have a different mode ofaction than *mono-and di-alkyl phosphates which may act as surfactants in acute toxicity
tests. Available information suggests that some ecological effects testing may be necessary, but before testing is recommended, the Committee wants to examine any additional information that ' is submitted in response to thisreport.
References

({) Adachi, K., Mitsuhashi, T.and Ohkuni. N. "Pesticides and trialkyl phosphates in tap water." Hyogo-kenEiseiKenkyushoKenkyo Hokoko.19:1-6 (1984).

(2)Bohlen, H., Hicke, K., Stoebel, A.O., Zierott,M. and Thiemann, W. "Contamination ofthe lower part ofthe Weser River by organochiorine and organophosphorus compounds." Vain Wasser.72:185-197 (1989).

(3)Dietrich, A.M., Millington, D.S., and Sea, Y.H. "Specific identification ofsynthetic organic chemicals in river water using liquidliquid extraction and resin adsorption coupled with electron impact, chemical Ionization and accurate mass measurement gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses." JournalofChromatography. 436(2):229-241 (1988).

(4) Degraeve, N., Chollet, M. and Moutschen, 

### 1."Cytogenetic effects induced by organophosphorus pesticides in mouse spermatocytes." ToxicologyLetters.21:315- 319 (1984).

( (5)Dunlap, W.I., Shrew,D.C., Scaf, M.R. Cosby, R.L. and Robertson,J.M. "Isolation and identification oforganic contaminants in ground water." Identificationand Analysis of Organic Pollutantsin Water,pp.453-477 

### (1976).

(6) Dunlap, W.H., Shrew,D.C., Robertson, J.M. and Toussaint C.R. "Organic pollutants contributed to ground waterby a landfill." U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office ofResearch and Development Ada, OK. EPA-800/9-76004, pp. 96-110 (1976).

(7)Dyer, K.F. and Hanna, P.J. "Comparative mutagenic activity and toxicity of triethylphosphate and dichlorvos in bacteria andDrosophila." MutationResearch.21:175- 177 (1973).

(8)

Eastman Kodak Co. "Mutagenicity testing." TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS0884-0328; microfiche number OTS0000328--0. Office ofPesticides and Toxic Substance. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. (1984).

(9)Epstein, S.S., Arnold, E.. Andrea, J., Bass, W. and Bishop, Y."Detection of chemical mutagens by the dominant lethal assay inthe mouse." ToxicologyandApplied Pharmacology. 23:288-325 (1972). (10) Gasking, D.I. '"Texanolisobutyrate and other additive chemicals w environmental contaminants or laboratory artifacts?" Institutional Journalof Environmental and AnalyticalChemistry. 34(1):1-15 (1988). (11) Gilbert, J., Shepherd, M.H., Wallwork, M.A. and Sharman, M. "A survey of trialkyl and triaryl phosphates in United Kingdom total diet samples." FoodAdditivesand Contamination. 3(2):113-121 (1986). (12) Gumbmann, M.R., Gagne, W.E. and Williams, S.N. "Short-term toxicity studies of
rats fed triethyl phosphate in thediet." Toxicology and AppliedPharmacology. 12:360-371 (198).

(13) Gunderson, E.L. "FDA total diet study, April 1982-April 1984, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements and other chemicals." Journal oftheAssociationof OfficialAnalyticalChemists.71:1200-1209 (1988).

(14) Hansch, C. and Leo, A.J. "Medchem project." Issue No. 26. Pomona College, Claremont, CA. (1985).

(15) Haraguchi, K., Yamashita T. and Shigemori, N. "Sampling and analysis of phosphoric acid triesters in ambient air." TaikiOsen Cadkaishi. 20(6):407-415 (1985). (16) Hites,R.A., Junclaus, G.A.,LopezAvila, V. and Sheldon, L.S. "Potentially toxic organic compounds in industrial wastewaters and river systems: Two case studies." AmericanChemicalSocietySymposium Series.94:63-0 (1979).

(17) Ishikawa, S., Shigezuml, K.,Yasuda, K. and Shigemori, N. "Behavior oforganic phosphate esters inseveral wastewater
treatment processes." SuishitsuIdaku Kenkyu. 8(12):799-807 (1985).

(18) Kawal, S.,Fukushima, M., Kitano, M. and Morishita, H. "Degradation of organophosphoric acid triesters by the bacteria in the river water of Osaka City." AnnualReportofOsakaCityInstitutional Public Healthand Environment.48:175-183 (1985).

(19) Knie, V.J.:, Halke, A., Juhnke, I. and Schiller, W. "Results ofstudies on chemical substances with four biotests." Deutsche Gewasserkundliche Mitteilungen.27:77-79 (1983).

(20) Kjoelholt. J."Occurrence of organophosphorus compounds in polluted marine sediments near a pesticide manufacturing plant" Chemosphere. 14(11- 12):1763-1770 (1985).

(21) LaBel, G.L. and Williams, D.T. "Levels oftriaryl/alkyl phosphates in human adipose' tissue from eastern Ontario." Bulletinof EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology.37(1):41-46 (1986).

(22) LeBel, G.L., Williams, D.T. and Benoit F.M. "Gas chromatographic determination of trialkyl/aryl phosphates in drinking water, following the isolation using macroreticular resin."JournaloftheAssociationofOfficial Analytical Chemists.64(4):991-998 (1981).

(23) LeBel, G.L., Williams, D.T. and Benoit, F.M. "Use oflarge-volume resin cartridges for the determination oforganic contaminants in drinking water derived from the Great Lakes." In:Advances in ChemistrySeries 214. OrganicPollutantsin Water:Sampling, Analysis,andToxicity Testing.Suffet,I.H.. and Malaiyandi, M.. eds. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 309-326 (1987).

(24) LaBel, G.L., Williams, D.T.and Berard, D. "Triaryl/alkyl phosphate residues in human adipose autopsy samples from six Ontario municipalities." Bulletinof EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology. 43(2):225-230 (1989).

(25)Loeb, H.A. and Kelly, W.H. "Acute oral toxicity of 1,496 chemicals force-fed to carp." Special scientific report - Fisheries No. 471. Washington, DC, U.S. Department ofthe Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. (1963).

(26) MacFarland. H.N. and Punte, C.H. "Toxicological studies on trl-(2- ethylhexyl)phosphate." Archives of Environmental Health.13:13-20 (1966). (27) Monsanto Industrial Chemical Company. TSCA FYI submission, FYI-OTS8782-2070, microfiche number OT8021508-1. Office ofToxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. (1983).

(28)Monsanto Industrial Chemical Company. TSCA FYI submission, FYI-OTS0485-0380, microfiche number OTS000038-0, "Acute Toxicity/Irritation Studies." Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. (1985).

(29)Neal, MW., Jacobson, R.A., Gray, D.A., Robinson, )., Howard,P.H. and Santodanato, J. "Use/exposure patterns and SAR for trialkyl/alkoxy) phosphate esters." Prepared for Test Rules Development Branch, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency. (1986).

(30) NIOSH. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES). (1989).

(31) NTP (NationalToxicology Program). "Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in F344/Nrats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies)." U.S. Department ofHealth and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. NTP TR-274. (1984).

(32) Oishl, H.. Oish, S. and Hiraga, K. 'Toxicity ofseveral phosphoric acid esters in rats." ToxicologyLetters.13:29-34 (1982).

(33) Piet, G.J.and Morra, C.F. "Behavior of organic micropollutants during underground passage." In:ArtificialGroundwater Recharge. WaterResourcesEngineering Series.Huisman, L and Olsthorn. T.N., eds. Pitman Publishing, pp. 31-42 (1983).

(34) Reinhard, M., Barker, J.F. and Goodman, N.L. "Occurrence and distribution oforganic chemicals in two landfill leachate plumes." Environmental Scienceand Technology.18(12):953-961 (1984).

(35) Sax, N.I. and Lewis,R.J., eds., Hawley's CondensedChemical Dictionory. 11th ed.New York. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (1987).

(36) Saxena,J.Personal communication. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office ofDrinking Water. (1990).

(37) Schultz. B. and Kjeldeen. P. "Screening oforganic matter in leachates from sanitary landfills using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry." WaterResearch. 20(8):985-970 (1986).

(38) Schumacher, I.N.. Green, C.R., Best. F.W. and Newel, M.P. "Smoke composition. An extensive Investigation ofthe watersoluble portion ofcigarette smoke." Journal of

Agriculturaland FoodChemistry. 25(2):310.-320 (1979). 

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(39) Sheldon, L.S. and Hites, R.A. "Organic compounds in the Delaware River." Environmental ScienceandTechnology. 12(10):1188-1194 (1978).

(40) Smyth, H.F. and Carpenter, C.P. "Further experience with the range finding
testin the industrial toxicology laboratory." Journalof Industrial Hygieneand Toxicology. 30:63-68 (1948).

(41) TSCAPP. Computer Print-out ofNonconfidential Production Data from TSCA Inventory, OTS, CID, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. (1990).

(42) Voogd, C.E., Jacobs, J.A. and Van Der Stel, J.J. "On the mutagenic action of dichlorvos." MutationResearch. 16:413-416 (1972). (43) Weber, K. and Ernst, W. "Occurrence and fluctuation oforganic environmental chemicals inGerman estuaries." Voin Wasser.61:111-123 (1983).

(44) Weschler, C.J. "Indoor-outdoor relationships for nonpolar organic constituents ofaerosol particles." EnvironmentalScienceandTechnology. 18(9):648-652 (1984).

(45) Weschler, C.J. and Shields, H.C. "The accumulation of'additives' inoffice air." In: 7.thProceedings of

APCA AnnualMeeting. 4:12 (1986).

(46 Williams. D.T. and LeBel, G.L. "A national survey oftrihaloalkyl phosphates and triaryl phosphates in Canadian drinking water." Bulletinof Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.27(4):450-457 (1981).

(47)Williams. D.T.. Nestman, E.R., LeBel, G.L., Benoit, F.M., Otson, R. and Lee, E.G.H. "Determination ofmutagenic potential and organic contaminants ofGreat Lakes (Canada, USA) drinking water." Chemosphere.11(3):263-276 (1982).

(48)Wolfenden, R. and Williams, R. "Affinities ofphosphoric acids, esters, and amides for solvent water." Journalofthe -AmericanChemical Society. 105:10528-31 (1983).
[FR Doc. 90-12974 Filed 6-4-90; 8:45 am]
SILUNG CODE S560-S

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