Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 200 / Thursday, October 16, 2014 / Proposed Rules 62081 

be available for examination in the 

public docket both before and after the 

closing date for comments. A report 

summarizing each substantive public 

contact with FAA personnel concerned 

with this rulemaking will be filed in the 

docket. 

Availability of NPRM’s 

An electronic copy of this document 

may be downloaded through the 

Internet at http://www.regulations.gov. 

Recently published rulemaking 

documents can also be accessed through 

the FAA’s Web page at http://

www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_

traffic/publications/airspace_

amendments/. 

You may review the public docket 

containing the proposal, any comments 

received, and any final disposition in 

person in the Dockets Office (see the 

ADDRESSES section for the address and 

phone number) between 9:00 a.m. and 

5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, 

except federal holidays. An informal 

docket may also be examined during 

normal business hours at the Northwest 

Mountain Regional Office of the Federal 

Aviation Administration, Air Traffic 

Organization, Western Service Center, 

Operations Support Group, 1601 Lind 

Avenue SW., Renton, WA 98057. 

Persons interested in being placed on 

a mailing list for future NPRM’s should 

contact the FAA’s Office of Rulemaking, 

(202) 267–9677, for a copy of Advisory 

Circular No. 11–2A, Notice of Proposed 

Rulemaking Distribution System, which 

describes the application procedure. 

The Proposal 

The FAA is proposing an amendment 

to Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations 

(14 CFR) Part 71 by establishing Class E 

en route domestic airspace extending 

upward from 1,200 feet above the 

surface at the Rogue Valley VORTAC 

navigation aid, Rogue Valley, OR. This 

action would contain aircraft while in 

IFR conditions under control of Seattle 

and Oakland ARTCCs by vectoring 

aircraft from en route airspace to 

terminal areas. 

Class E airspace designations are 

published in paragraph 6006, of FAA 

Order 7400.9Y, dated August 6, 2014, 

and effective September 15, 2014, which 

is incorporated by reference in 14 CFR 

71.1. The Class E airspace designation 

listed in this document will be 

published subsequently in this Order. 

The FAA has determined this 

proposed regulation only involves an 

established body of technical 

regulations for which frequent and 

routine amendments are necessary to 

keep them operationally current. 

Therefore, this proposed regulation; (1) 

is not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ 

under Executive Order 12866; (2) is not 

a ‘‘significant rule’’ under DOT 

Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 

FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3) 

does not warrant preparation of a 

regulatory evaluation as the anticipated 

impact is so minimal. Since this is a 

routine matter that will only affect air 

traffic procedures and air navigation, it 

is certified this proposed rule, when 

promulgated, would not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities 

under the criteria of the Regulatory 

Flexibility Act. 

The FAA’s authority to issue rules 

regarding aviation safety is found in 

Title 49 of the U.S. Code. Subtitle 1, 

Section 106, describes the authority for 

the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, 

Aviation Programs, describes in more 

detail the scope of the agency’s 

authority. This rulemaking is 

promulgated under the authority 

described in Subtitle VII, Part A, 

Subpart I, Section 40103. Under that 

section, the FAA is charged with 

prescribing regulations to assign the use 

of the airspace necessary to ensure the 

safety of aircraft and the efficient use of 

airspace. This regulation is within the 

scope of that authority as it would 

establish controlled airspace at the 

Rogue Valley VORTAC, Rogue Valley, 

OR. 

This proposal will be subject to an 

environmental analysis in accordance 

with FAA Order 1050.1E, 

‘‘Environmental Impacts: Policies and 

Procedures’’ prior to any FAA final 

regulatory action. 

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71 

Airspace, Incorporation by reference, 

Navigation (air). 

The Proposed Amendment 

Accordingly, pursuant to the 

authority delegated to me, the Federal 

Aviation Administration proposes to 

amend 14 CFR part 71 as follows: 

PART 71—DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, 

B, C, D AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR 

TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND 

REPORTING POINTS 

■ 1. The authority citation for 14 CFR 

Part 71 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40103, 40113, 

40120; E.O. 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959– 

1963 Comp., p. 389. 

§ 71.1 [Amended] 

■ 2. The incorporation by reference in 

14 CFR 71.1 of the Federal Aviation 

Administration Order 7400.9Y, Airspace 

Designations and Reporting Points, 

dated August 6, 2014, and effective 

September 15, 2014 is amended as 

follows: 

Paragraph 6006 En Route Domestic 

Airspace Areas. 

* * * * * 

ANM OR E6 Rogue Valley, OR [New] 

Rogue Valley VORTAC, OR 

(Lat. 42°28′47′′ N., long. 122°54′47′′ W.) 

That airspace extending upward from 

1,200 feet above the surface within an area 

bounded by lat. 43°27′19′′ N., long. 

119°56′31′′ W.; to lat. 42°39′54′′ N., long. 

119°42′02′′ W.; to lat. 41°00′07′′ N., long. 

120°10′44′′ W.; to lat. 40°45′47′′ N., long. 

120°14′45′′ W.; to lat. 40°27′51′′ N., long. 

119°37′10′′ W.; to lat. 39°33′53′′ N., long. 

120°19′02′′ W.; to lat. 39°05′16′′ N., long. 

124°05′00′′ W.; to lat. 39°42′30′′ N., long. 

124°25′58′′ W.; to lat. 40°01′00′′ N., long. 

124°35′00′′ W.; to lat. 40°25′25′′ N., long. 

124°40′06′′ W.; to lat. 42°50′00′′ N., long. 

124°50′00′′ W.; thence to the point of 

beginning. 

Issued in Seattle, Washington, on October 

8, 2014. 

Clark Desing, 

Manager, Operations Support Group, Western 

Service Center. 

[FR Doc. 2014–24618 Filed 10–15–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY 

COMMISSION 

16 CFR Part 1120 

[CPSC Docket No. CPSC–2014–0024] 

Substantial Product Hazard List: 

Seasonal and Decorative Lighting 

Products 

AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety 

Commission. 

ACTION: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. 

SUMMARY: The Consumer Product Safety 

Commission (CPSC or Commission) is 

proposing a rule to specify that seasonal 

and decorative lighting products that do 

not contain one or more of three readily 

observable characteristics (minimum 

wire size, sufficient strain relief, or 

overcurrent protection) constitute a 

substantial product hazard under the 

Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA). 

DATES: Written comments must be 

received by December 30, 2014. 

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, 

identified by Docket No. CPSC–2014– 

0024, by any of the following methods: 

Electronic Submissions 

Submit electronic comments in the 

following way: 

Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://

www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

instructions for submitting comments. 

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62082 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 200 / Thursday, October 16, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

The Commission is no longer 

accepting comments submitted by 

electronic mail (email), except through 

www.regulations.gov. 

Written Submissions 

Submit written submissions in the 

following way: 

Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for 

paper, disk, or CD–ROM submissions), 

preferably in five copies, to: Office of 

the Secretary, Consumer Product Safety 

Commission, Room 820, 4330 East West 

Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814; 

telephone (301) 504–7923. 

Instructions: All submissions received 

must include the agency name and 

docket number for this rulemaking. All 

comments received may be posted 

without change, including any personal 

identifiers, contact information, or other 

personal information provided, to: 

http://www.regulations.gov. Do not 

submit confidential business 

information, trade secret information, or 

other sensitive or protected information 

electronically. Such information should 

be submitted in writing. 

Docket: For access to the docket to 

read background documents or 

comments received, go to: 

http://www.regulations.gov. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Arthur Lee, Office of Hazard 

Identification and Reduction, Consumer 

Product Safety Commission, National 

Product Testing and Evaluation Center, 

5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850; 

telephone: 301–987–2008; alee@

cpsc.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Introduction 

The Commission proposes to issue a 

rule under section 15(j) of the CPSA, 15 

U.S.C. 2064(j), that would amend the 

substantial product hazard list in 16 

CFR part 1120 (part 1120). The 

substantial product hazard list in part 

1120 would be amended to add three 

readily observable characteristics of 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products: (1) Minimum wire size; (2) 

sufficient strain relief; and (3) 

overcurrent protection. If the 

amendment to part 1120 is finalized, 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products that do not contain one or 

more of these characteristics would be 

deemed to create a substantial product 

hazard under section 15(a)(2) of the 

CPSA because such products pose a risk 

of electrical shock or fire. These three 

electrical safety characteristics for 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products have been addressed in a 

voluntary standard, Underwriters 

Laboratories (UL), Standard for Safety 

for Seasonal and Holiday Decorative 

Products, UL 588, 18th Edition, 

approved on August 21, 2000 (UL 588). 

As detailed in this notice, the 

Commission determines preliminarily 

that: 

• Minimum wire size, sufficient 

strain relief, and overcurrent protection 

are all readily observable characteristics 

of seasonal and decorative lighting 

products; 

• these three readily observable 

characteristics are addressed by a 

voluntary standard, UL 588; 

• conformance to UL 588 has been 

effective in reducing the risk of injury 

from shock and fire associated with 

these readily observable characteristics; 

and 

• seasonal and decorative lighting 

products sold in the United States 

substantially comply with UL 588. 

A. Background and Statutory Authority 

Section 223 of the Consumer Product 

Safety Improvement Act of 2008 

(CPSIA), amended section 15 of the 

CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2064, to add a new 

subsection (j). Section 15(j) of the CPSA 

provides the Commission with the 

authority to specify, by rule, for any 

consumer product or class of consumer 

products, characteristics whose 

existence or absence are deemed a 

substantial product hazard under 

section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA. Section 

15(a)(2) of the CPSA defines a 

‘‘substantial product hazard,’’ in 

relevant part, as a product defect which 

(because of the pattern of defect, the 

number of defective products 

distributed in commerce, the severity of 

the risk, or otherwise) creates a 

substantial risk of injury to the public. 

For the Commission to issue a rule 

under section 15(j) of the CPSA, the 

characteristics involved must be 

‘‘readily observable’’ and have been 

addressed by a voluntary standard. 

Moreover, the voluntary standard must 

be effective in reducing the risk of 

injury associated with the consumer 

products, and there must be substantial 

compliance with the voluntary 

standard. 

The Commission has issued two 

previous rules under section 15(j) of the 

CPSA involving drawstrings on 

children’s upper outerwear (76 FR 

42502, July 19, 2011) (drawstring rule) 

and integral immersion protection on 

handheld hair dryers (76 FR 37636, June 

28, 2011) (hair dryer rule). The 

Commission did not define a ‘‘readily 

observable’’ characteristic in either rule. 

In the proposed drawstring rule (75 FR 

27497, 27499, May 17, 2010), the 

Commission found that the 

requirements detailed in the relevant 

voluntary standard could be evaluated 

with ‘‘simple manipulations of the 

garment, simple measurements of 

portions of the garments, and 

unimpeded visual observation.’’ The 

Commission stated: ‘‘more complicated 

or difficult actions to determine the 

presence or absence of defined product 

characteristics also may be consistent 

with ‘readily observable.’ ’’ Finally, the 

Commission stated its intent to evaluate 

‘‘readily observable’’ characteristics on a 

case-by-case basis. 75 FR at 27499. 

B. Seasonal and Decorative Lighting 

Products 

1. Product Description 

The proposed rule uses the phrase 

‘‘seasonal and decorative lighting 

products’’ to identify the lighting 

products that are within the scope of the 

rule. The Commission proposes to 

define ‘‘seasonal and decorative lighting 

products,’’ consistent with the 

description of products subject to the 

applicable voluntary standard, as set 

forth in section 1 of UL 588, as portable, 

plug-connected, temporary-use lighting 

products and accessories that have a 

nominal 120 volt input voltage rating. 

Lighting products within the scope of 

the rule are factory-assembled with 

push-in, midget- or miniature-screw 

base lampholders connected in series or 

with candelabra- or intermediate-screw 

base lampholders connected in parallel, 

directly across the 120 volt input. Such 

lighting products include lighted 

decorative outfits, such as stars, 

wreathes, candles without shades, light 

sculptures, blow-molded (plastic) 

figures, and animated figures. Lighting 

products outside the scope of the rule 

include: Battery-operated products; 

products that operate from a transformer 

or low-voltage power supply; flexible 

tube lighting strings of lights intended 

for illumination; and portable electric 

lamps that are used to illuminate 

seasonal decorations. 

This definition of ‘‘seasonal and 

decorative lighting products’’ is adapted 

from descriptions of lighting products 

defined in section 1 of UL 588. All inscope products are covered by UL 588. 

Lighting products within the scope of 

the rule are typically used seasonally 

and provide only decorative lumination. 

The products typically are displayed for 

a relatively short period of time and 

then removed and stored until needed 

again. UL 588 section 2.43 defines the 

term ‘‘seasonal (holiday) product’’ as 

‘‘[a] product painted in colors to suggest 

a holiday theme or a snow covering, a 

figure in a holiday costume, or any 

decoration associated with a holiday or 

particular season of the year.’’ UL 588 

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defines ‘‘decorative light products’’ 

(decorative outfits) as factoryassembled, electrically powered units 

providing a seasonal or holiday 

decorative display having illumination 

or other decorative effects. A decorative 

product may contain a lighting string as 

part of the decorative illumination. A 

lighting string provided with decorative 

covers over the lamps is a decorative 

outfit. If not constructed properly, 

lighting powered by 120 volts can be 

damaged easily and can pose a risk of 

electrical shock, electrocution, or fire. 

Lighting products that are excluded 

from the scope of the rule are subject to 

different voluntary standards or do not 

present the same risk of injury. Table 1 

provides a non-exhaustive list of 

examples of lighting products that fall 

within, and outside of, the scope of the 

proposed rule. 

TABLE 1—SEASONAL AND DECORATIVE

LIGHTING PRODUCTS WITHIN THE

SCOPE OF THE DRAFT PROPOSED

RULE

In Scope: 

• Incandescent or LED light sets, 120 

volts, cord-connected, either series or 

parallel wired, with either screw-in or 

mini-base push-in bulbs. 

• Pre-lit artificial trees, wreaths, menorahs, 

lawn figures, light sculptures, and other 

decorative outfits and accessories incorporating light sets. 

Out of Scope: 

• Rope, tube, or tape lights without replaceable bulbs. 

• Landscape lights or other permanent 

lighting devices, either assembled or unassembled. 

• Battery-operated or transformer-connected light sets. 

• Unlighted ornaments that replace a 

push-in mini-bulb. 

2. Applicable Voluntary Standard 

UL 588–2000 is the current voluntary 

standard applicable to seasonal and 

decorative lighting products. UL 588 has 

been updated over the years to address 

various safety issues to make seasonal 

and decorative lighting products safer, 

see Staff’s Briefing Package on Seasonal 

and Decorative Lighting Products, dated 

October 1, 2014 (Staff Briefing Package), 

Tab B, Abbreviated History of Seasonal 

and Decorative Lighting Products and 

the Associated UL Standard, at http://

www.cpsc.gov/Global/Newsroom/FOIA/

CommissionBriefingPackages/2015/

ProposedRuletoAmendSubstantial

ProductHazardListtoIncludeSeasonal

andDecorativeLightingProducts.pdf. 

Specifically, UL 588 made effective on 

January 1, 1997, the current 

requirements for overcurrent protection 

and minimum wire size, and the current 

strain relief requirement has been in 

effect since 1994. Table 2 summarizes 

the relevant sections and technical 

requirements in UL 588 for each of the 

three readily observable characteristics. 

TABLE 2—READILY OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS FOR SEASONAL AND DECORATIVE LIGHTING PRODUCTS

Seasonal and decorative 

lighting products 

Readily observable characteristics 

Minimum wire size (AWG) 

UL 588 

Section 6 

Sufficient strain relief 

(load weight) Overcurrent 

protection qty. 

UL 588 

Section 7 

Plugs/load fittings 

UL 588 

Sections 15 and 71 

Lampholders 

UL 588 

Sections 

79 and SB16 

Series-connected lighting product: 

With Load Fitting ............................... 20 (Polarized Plug) ................

22 (Non-Polarized Plug) 

20 lbs. (smaller than 18 

AWG).

24 lbs .....................

8 lbs .......................

1 

2 

Without Load Fitting .......................... 22 (Polarized Plug) 

22 (Non-Polarized Plug) 

8 lbs .......................

8 lbs .......................

1 

2 

Parallel-connected light product: 

With or Without Load Fitting ............. 20 (XTW) ...............................

18 (all others) 

All Polarized Plugs 

20 lbs. (20 AWG) .........

30 lbs. (18 AWG) 

24 lbs ..................... 1 

3. Electrocution and Fire Hazards 

Consumers can be seriously injured or 

killed by electrical shocks or fires if 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products are not made using minimum 

wire size, sufficient strain reliefs, or 

overcurrent protection. Lighting 

products that conform to the minimum 

wire size requirement in UL 588 will 

support the product’s electrical load 

without causing overheating. 

Additionally, lighting products that 

conform to the minimum wire size 

requirement provide the necessary 

mechanical strength to endure handling 

and other forces imposed on a seasonal 

lighting product during expected use of 

the product. Likewise, lighting products 

that conform to the strain relief 

requirements in UL 588 will endure use, 

including pulling and twisting the 

product, without mechanical damage to 

the electrical connections. Damaged 

electrical connections, such as broken 

strands of copper conductor inside the 

insulated wiring, could cause 

overheating (leading to a fire), despite 

overcurrent protection, or separation of 

wires from their terminal connections, 

which could expose bare energized 

conductors leading to electrical shock. 

Finally, UL 588’s requirements for 

overcurrent protection prevent products 

from overheating and melting due to 

faults, damage, or excessive loads. Such 

failures carry a potential risk of fire. 

4. Risk of Injury 

CPSC has been concerned with the 

number of fires and injuries resulting 

from seasonal and decorative lighting 

products for many years. From 1980 

through 1997, CPSC received reports of 

206 deaths and 808 nonfatal incidents 

involving seasonal and decorative 

lighting products that resulted in a fire 

and/or shock hazard. In a June 1995 

report titled, ‘‘Electrical Holiday 

Lighting,’’ CPSC staff cited annual 

averages of 500 fire service-attended 

fires and 30 deaths involving Christmas 

trees and another 68 fire deaths and 

shocks specifically related to electrical 

decorations. 

More recently, staff’s evaluation of the 

shock and fire hazard data related to 

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1The numbers are given as annual averages 

instead of totals because there are four 7-year 

periods and one 6-year period. 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

demonstrates that from 1980 through 

2013, CPSC is aware of 132 fatal 

incidents, 256 deaths, and 1,255 nonfatal incidents associated with seasonal 

and decorative lighting products. Table 

3 summarizes CPSC’s injury data from 

1980 through 2013, based on annual 

averages related to seasonal and 

decorative lighting products. Note that 

the average number of incidents and 

deaths has declined over the 33-year 

period represented in Table 3. 

TABLE 3—SEASONAL AND DECORATIVE LIGHTING PRODUCT ANNUAL AVERAGE 1 OF FATAL INCIDENTS, DEATHS, AND NONFATAL INCIDENTS FROM 1980–2013 

Years Fatal incidents Deaths Non-fatal incidents 

1980–1986 ................................................................................................................. 6.7 12.6 54.1 

1987–1993 ................................................................................................................. 6.3 13.6 40.9 

1994–2000 ................................................................................................................. 2.9 5.9 37.4 

2001–2007 ................................................................................................................. 2.1 3.6 32.6 

2008–2013 ................................................................................................................. 1.0 1.2 16.7 

5. Office of Compliance Efforts, to Date 

In numerous instances, CPSC staff has 

considered the absence of one or more 

of the three readily observable 

characteristics (minimum wire size, 

sufficient strain relief, and overcurrent 

protection) to present a substantial 

product hazard and has sought 

appropriate corrective action to prevent 

injury to the public. Since 1974, CPSC 

staff has conducted 47 voluntary recalls 

of seasonal and decorative lighting 

products, involving a total of 3.6 million 

units. See Tab D of Staff’s Briefing 

Package, Seasonal and Decorative 

Lighting Product Recalls and Import 

Stoppages. In addition to product 

recalls, CPSC staff has stopped 

noncompliant seasonal and decorative 

lighting products at the ports at least 

127 times, involving 31 companies and 

a total of about 200,000 lighting units. 

Id. Tables 1 and 2 in Tab D of the Staff’s 

Briefing Package provide details on both 

voluntary recalls and import stoppages. 

Note that where the information is 

available, most of the hazards identified 

by staff in recalling or stopping seasonal 

and decorative lighting products would 

be deemed a substantial product hazard 

under the proposed rule. 

Additionally, the Office of 

Compliance sent a letter dated July 14, 

2014, to manufacturers, importers, 

distributors, and retailers of holiday 

lights and decorative products, 

informing them that the Office of 

Compliance considers products that do 

not conform to UL 588 regarding 

minimum wire size, sufficient strain 

relief, and overcurrent protection to be 

defective and to present a substantial 

product hazard. See Tab A of Staff’s 

Briefing Package, Office of Compliance 

July 14, 2014 Letter to Manufacturers, 

Importers, and Retailers of Holiday 

Lights and Decorative Outfits. 

II. Preliminary Determination of 

Substantial Product Hazard 

A. Defined Characteristics Are Readily 

Observable 

Sections 6, 7, 15, 71, 79, and SB16 of 

UL 588 set forth the requirements for 

the three readily observable 

characteristics in the proposed rule: 

Minimum wire size, sufficient strain 

relief, and overcurrent protection. Table 

2 in section I.B.2 of this Preamble 

summarizes the technical requirements 

for the three readily observable 

characteristics in UL 588. Additionally, 

Tab C of the Staff’s Briefing Package, 

Readily Observable Safety 

Characteristics of Seasonal and 

Decorative Lighting Products, provides 

more detail on the information 

presented in Table 2. If finalized, the 

rule would deem the absence of any one 

or more of these characteristics to be a 

substantial product hazard under 

section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA. 

1. Minimum Wire Size 

Section 6 of UL 588 requires that 

series-connected lighting products have 

a minimum wire size of 20 or 22 AWG, 

depending on whether the lighting 

product has a load fitting, and whether 

the plug is polarized. Parallel-connected 

lighting products must have a minimum 

wire size of 18 or 20 AWG, depending 

on the type of wire used in constructing 

the product. Whether a lighting product 

is series or parallel constructed, 

contains a load fitting, or has a 

polarized plug are all visually 

observable characteristics of seasonal 

and decorative lighting products. 

Pictures 1 and 2 show examples of 

series-connected and parallel-connected 

lighting products. 


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Wire size is observable by a simple 

measurement of the bare conductors. 

Before measuring the wire size, staff 

must expose the conductors within the 

wire. One method of measuring the 

exposed conductors is using a circular 

wire gauge, as shown in picture 3. In 

CPSC staff’s experience, those lighting 

products that do not meet the minimum 

wire size requirement typically fail by 

using wiring that is substantially 

undersized for the product, for example, 

more than six wire sizes smaller than 

the minimum required. Moreover, the 

act of exposing and measuring the wire 

in a seasonal and decorative lighting 

product is quickly and easily done by 

using a small, handheld device to strip 

the electrical insulation from the wiring. 

Accordingly, the Commission concludes 

preliminarily that minimum wire size, 

as required in section 6 of UL 588, is a 

readily observable characteristic of 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products that can be observed visually 

by taking a simple measurement of the 

product’s bare wire. 

2. Sufficient Strain Relief 

Sections 15, 71, 79, and SB16 of UL 

588 set forth the requirements for 

sufficient strain relief in seasonal and 

decorative lighting products. Strain 

relief is observed in several locations: At 

the plugs and load fittings, as well as at 

the lampholders. Pursuant to UL 588, 

sufficient strain relief is observed by 

suspending a gradually applied straight 

pull on the wiring by use of a 

suspended weight for 60 seconds. 

During that time, wires with sufficient 

strain relief will not pull loose or stretch 

from the lampholder, plug, or load 

fitting being tested. Picture 4 

demonstrates observation of sufficient 

strain relief on a plug. 


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2 Incandescent light strings advertise that the 

products have a usual design life span of 

approximately 1,500 hours. Using an average of 12 hours per day for 40 days per year, incandescent 

light strings last approximately 3 years. 

The applicable weight required in UL 

588 to be suspended from the lighting 

product depends on its configuration. 

Section 15 of UL 588 describes the 

general requirements that strain relief 

must be provided on the electrical 

connection used in seasonal and 

decorative lighting products. Sections 

71, 79, and SB16 of UL 588 describe the 

specific requirements. Section 71 of UL 

588 requires that series-connected plugs 

and load fittings be subjected to a 20-lb. 

weight. For parallel-connected lighting 

products, plugs and load fittings for 

products with wires smaller than 18 

AWG must be subjected to a 20-lb. 

weight, and products with wires 18 

AWG or larger must be subjected to a 

30-lb. weight. Similarly, sections 79 and 

SB16 of UL 588 specify applicable 

weights to observe sufficient strain relief 

in lampholders. For series-connected 

lighting products, if the wires are 

smaller than 20 AWG, the weight 

applied must be a minimum of 8 lbs., 

and if the wires are 20 AWG or larger, 

the weight applied must be a minimum 

of 24 lbs. For parallel-connected 

lampholders, if the wires are 20 AWG or 

larger, the weight applied must be a 

minimum of 24 lbs. The applicable 

weights are summarized in Table 2 in 

section I.B.2 of this Preamble. 

The strain relief portion of UL 588 for 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products is observable visually by 

hanging a weight on the light string for 

60 seconds and observing whether the 

weight drops or stretches the wiring. In 

CPSC staff’s experience, lighting 

products that fail the strain relief 

requirements in UL 588 do so 

immediately or within a few seconds of 

suspending the applicable weight. The 

Commission concludes preliminarily 

that sufficient strain relief, as required 

in sections 15, 71, 79, and SB16 of UL 

588, is a readily observable 

characteristic of seasonal and decorative 

lighting products that can be 

determined by suspending the 

applicable weight from the plug, load 

fitting, or lampholder, and by observing 

visually whether the wire breaks or 

stretches. 

3. Overcurrent Protection 

Section 7 of UL 588 specifies 

overcurrent protection for every 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

product. Lighting products must contain 

at least one fuse if the plug is polarized 

(parallel-connected strings must have a 

polarized plug) or two fuses if the plug 

is not polarized. 

A seasonal light string with 

overcurrent protection is readily 

observable by the presence of a fuse 

holder located in the plug or near the 

plug, and observing the presence of a 

fuse by opening the fuse holder. Picture 

5 depicts a light string with a plug 

containing the fuses required by UL 588. 

The Commission concludes 

preliminarily that overcurrent 

protection, as required in section 7 of 

UL 588, is a readily observable 

characteristic of seasonal and decorative 

lighting products that can be 

determined by a visual observation of 

whether the lighting product has a fuse 

holder containing the correct number of 

fuses. 

B. Conformance to UL 588 Has Been 

Effective in Reducing the Risk of Injury 

The Commission finds preliminarily 

that conformance to sections 6, 7, 15, 

71, 79, and SB16 of UL 588, as 

summarized in Table 2 in section I.B.2 

of this Preamble, has been effective in 

reducing the risk of injury from shock 

and fire associated with belowminimum wire size, insufficient strain 

relief, and lack of overcurrent 

protection. Additionally, CPSC’s 

incident data suggest that conformance 

to UL 588 has contributed to a decline 

in the risk of injury associated with 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products. See Tab E of Staff’s Briefing 

Package, Seasonal Lighting and 

Decorative Products: Fire or Shock 

Incidents from 1980 to 2013. 

If incandescent light strings last 

approximately three seasons of use,2

then it can be expected that product 

changes made to conform to new 

requirements in UL 588 would be 

evident within a period of time 

thereafter. On January 1, 1997, UL 588’s 

requirements for overcurrent protection 

and minimum wire size took effect; and 

the current strain relief requirement has 

been in effect since 1994. Table 4 lists 

the deaths associated with seasonal and 

decorative lighting products for the 

periods 1980–1996 and 2000–2013. The 

years from 1997 to 1999 would have 

been transitional years, where older 

products in consumer homes were being 

replaced with light strings incorporating 

the January 1, 1997 changes (minimum 

wire size and overcurrent protection) in 

the UL standard. The average number of 

deaths per year and the average number 

of nonfatal incidents per year were 

higher before 1997, and the numbers 

dropped after 1999. 

TABLE 4—DEATHS ASSOCIATED WITH SEASONAL AND DECORATIVE LIGHTING PRODUCTS

Period 1980–1996 2000–2013 

Deaths .................................................................................................................................................................. 202 43 

Nonfatal Incidents ................................................................................................................................................ 762 366 

Average Deaths per year .................................................................................................................................... 11 .88 3 .07 

Average Nonfatal Incidents per year ................................................................................................................... 44 .82 26 .14 

Figure 1 presents a 3-year moving 

average for deaths due to seasonal and 

decorative lighting products, by year, for 

the period 1980–2013 for data from the 

Potential Injury Database (IPII), National 

Electronic Injury Surveillance System 

(NEISS), and the Death Certificate 

Database (DTHS). Figure 1 shows that 

the number of deaths started to decline 

as early as 1990, and continued on a 

downward trend to 2013, with the 

exceptions of yearly fluctuations. This 

early decrease may be due to various 

factors, such as changes to UL 588, 

home building codes, and fireprevention strategies. Since 2004, the 

continuation of low death rates is 

partially attributed to the construction 

and performance requirements in the 

current UL 588 standard. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 200 / Thursday, October 16, 2014 / Proposed Rules 62087 

3 Incident data is from Potential Injury Database 

(IPII), National Electronic Injury Surveillance 

System (NEISS), and the Death Certificate Database 

(DTHS). 

Figure 2 presents a 3-year moving 

average for nonfatal incidents due to 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products, by year, for the period 1980– 

2013 for data from IPII and NEISS. 

Figure 2 also demonstrates an overall 

downward trend to 2013, with the 

exceptions of yearly fluctuations. The 

decrease can be attributed to several 

factors, including: Changes to UL 588, 

home building code, and fire prevention 

strategies. However, the construction 

and performance requirements in the 

current UL 588 standard for seasonal 

and decorative lighting products with 

minimum wire size, sufficient strain 

relief, and overcurrent protection have 

made the products safer than products 

manufactured without these 

construction and performance 

requirements. 


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62088 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 200 / Thursday, October 16, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

C. Lighting Products Substantially 

Comply With UL 588 

The CPSA does not define 

‘‘substantial compliance’’ with a 

voluntary standard. Legislative history 

of the CPSA regarding a finding of 

‘‘substantial compliance’’ in the context 

of issuing a consumer product safety 

standard indicates that substantial 

compliance should be measured by 

considering the number of complying 

products, rather than the number of 

manufacturers of products that comply 

with a standard. H.R. Rep. No. 208, 97th 

Cong., 1st Sess. 871 (1981). This same 

legislative history indicates further that 

substantial compliance may be found 

when an unreasonable risk of injury 

associated with a product will be 

eliminated or adequately reduced ‘‘in a 

timely fashion.’’ Id. The Commission 

has not articulated a bright line rule for 

substantial compliance. Rather, in the 

rulemaking context, the Commission 

has stated that the determination of 

substantial compliance should be made 

on a case-by-case basis. 

The Commission finds preliminarily 

that compliance with UL 588 is 

‘‘substantial’’ as that term is used in 

section 15(j) of the CPSA. The 

Commission’s preliminary finding is 

based on CPSC staff’s review of market 

information and compliance activity, 

and staff’s estimate that a majority of 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products, well in excess of 90 percent, 

sold for consumer use in the United 

States, likely conforms to UL 588. See 

Tab F of Staff’s Briefing Package, 

Conformance to UL Voluntary Standard 

for Seasonal and Decorative Lighting 

Products. 

The U.S. Department of Homeland 

Security’s Customs and Border Patrol 

(CBP) reported that in 2013, the import 

value of products that would be covered 

by the draft proposed rule was about 

$500 million, comprised of roughly 

20,000 ‘‘entries’’ or product shipments. 

If the average import value per unit 

were $5.00 (based on the range of retail 

prices observed by staff), then the 

number of units imported annually may 

be up to 100 million. CBP also reported 

that about 550 firms were engaged in the 

importation of seasonal and decorative 

lighting products during 2013. 

Adjusting to exclude shipping 

companies and other third parties, the 

total number of firms importing 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products into the United States was 

probably about 500, with the largest 

number of shipments originating from 

the People’s Republic of China. An 

online, wholesale directory identified 

about 160 manufacturers and suppliers 

in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, with 

about 120 of these exporting products to 

the United States. Another online 

product directory identified more than 

2,000 individual models of products 

from manufacturers located in China. 

For purposes of this analysis, the 

Commission considers all seasonal and 

decorative lighting products carrying a 

listing or certification mark from UL, 

Intertek Company (ETL), or the CSA 

Group (CSA) to be in conformance with 

the requirements of UL 588. Staff’s 

Internet search of online catalogs, 

demonstrates that all of the 20 to 30 

major national brands, which probably 

account for a majority of all units sold, 

consist only of conforming products 

because they are labeled as UL, ETL, or 

CSA compliant. Major retailers also 

often specify conforming products. 

Although CPSC recalls and import 

stoppages involve a very small 

percentage of product units in 

commerce, available CPSC data on 

recalls and import stoppages over the 

past decade suggest a very low (less 

than 1 percent) incidence of defects and 

nonconformance. The Commission finds 

that all of these factors indicate that 

conformance with UL requirements is 

very high, and estimates that voluntary 

conformance with UL 588 is in excess 

of 90 percent of all units. 

III. Description of the Proposed Rule 

The proposed rule would create two 

new paragraphs in part 1120. Proposed 

§ 1120.2(d) would define a ‘‘seasonal 

and decorative lighting product’’ as 

portable, plug-connected, temporary-use 

lighting products and accessories that 

have a nominal 120 volt input voltage 

rating. Lighting products within the 

scope of the rule are factory-assembled 

with push-in, midget- or miniaturescrew base lampholders connected in 

series or with candelabra- or 

intermediate-screw base lampholders 

connected in parallel, directly across the 

120 volt input. Such lighting products 

include lighted decorative outfits, such 

as stars, wreathes, candles without 

shades, light sculptures, blow-molded 

(plastic) figures, and animated figures. 

Lighting products outside the scope of 

the rule include: Battery-operated 

products; products that operate from a 

transformer or low-voltage power 

supply; flexible tube lighting strings of 

lights intended for illumination; and 

portable electric lamps that are used to 

illuminate seasonal decorations. 

This definition is adapted from 

descriptions of lighting products 

defined in section 1 of UL 588. Lighting 

products within the scope of the rule are 

typically used seasonally (temporarily) 

and provide only decorative lumination. 

The products typically are displayed for 

a relatively short period of time and 

then removed and stored until needed 

again. Lighting products that are 

excluded from the scope of the rule are 

subject to different voluntary standards 

or do not present the same risk of injury. 

Proposed § 1120.3(d) would state that 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products that do not conform to one or 

more of the following characteristics 

required in sections 6, 7, 15, 71, 79, and 

SB16 of UL 588 (explained in more 

detail in sections I.B.2 (Table 2) and II.A 

of this Preamble) are deemed substantial 

product hazards under section 15(a)(2) 

of the CPSA: 

(1) Minimum wire size requirements 

in section 6 of UL 588; 

(2) sufficient strain relief 

requirements in sections 15, 71, 79, and 

SB16 of UL 588; or 

(3) overcurrent protection 

requirements in section 7 of UL 588. 

IV. Effect of the Proposed 15(j) Rule 

Section 15(j) of the CPSA allows the 

Commission to issue a rule specifying 

that a consumer product or class of 

consumer products has characteristics 

whose presence or absence creates a 

substantial product hazard. If a final 

rule is issued under section 15(j) of the 

CPSA, such a rule would not be a 

consumer product safety rule, and thus, 

would not create a mandatory standard 

that triggers testing or certification 

requirements under section 14(a) of the 

CPSA. 

Although a rule issued under section 

15(j) of the CPSA is not a consumer 

product safety rule, placing a consumer 

product on the substantial product 

hazard list in 16 CFR part 1120 would 

have certain ramifications. A product 

that is or has a substantial product 

hazard is subject to the reporting 

requirements of section 15(b) of the 

CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2064(b). A 

manufacturer, importer, distributor, or 

retailer that fails to report a substantial 

product hazard to the Commission is 

subject to civil penalties under section 

20 of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2069, and 

possibly to criminal penalties under 

section 21 of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2070. 

A product that is or contains a 

substantial product hazard is also 

subject to corrective action under 

sections 15(c) and (d) of the CPSA, 15 

U.S.C. 2064(c) and (d). Thus, if a final 

rule is issued under section 15(j) for 

seasonal and decorative lighting, the 

Commission could order the 

manufacturer, importer, distributor, or 

retailer of lighting products that do not 

contain one or more of the three readily 

observable characteristics to offer to 

repair or replace the product, or to 

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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 200 / Thursday, October 16, 2014 / Proposed Rules 62089 

refund the purchase price to the 

consumer. 

A product that is offered for import 

into the United States and is or contains 

a substantial product hazard shall be 

refused admission into the United States 

under section 17(a) of the CPSA, 15 

U.S.C. 2066(a). Additionally, CBP has 

the authority to seize certain products 

offered for import under the Tariff Act 

of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1595a) (Tariff Act), 

and to assess civil penalties that CBP, by 

law, is authorized to impose. Section 

1595a(c)(2)(A) of the Tariff Act states 

that CBP may seize merchandise, and 

such merchandize may be forfeited if: 

‘‘its importation or entry is subject to 

any restriction or prohibition which is 

imposed by law relating to health, 

safety, or conservation and the 

merchandise is not in compliance with 

the applicable rule, regulation, or 

statute.’’ 

V. Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis 

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

requires that proposed rules be 

reviewed for the potential economic 

impact on small entities, including 

small businesses. 5 U.S.C. 601–612. 

Section 603 of the RFA requires 

agencies to prepare and make available 

for public comment an Initial 

Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA), 

describing the impact of the proposed 

rule on small entities and identifying 

impact-reducing alternatives. For the 

reasons that follow, the Commission 

concludes that the proposed rule will 

not have a significant impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

Based on staff’s review of information 

on importers, of the roughly 500 

companies that import seasonal and 

decorative lighting products in the 

United States, staff estimates that 400 to 

450 would be considered small firms 

under the U.S. Small Business 

Administration’s size guidelines. CPSC 

staff estimates that a very high 

percentage, probably well in excess of 

90 percent of products that would be 

subject to a rule, already conform to UL 

588. Importers, distributors, and 

retailers that market only UL 588- 

conforming products would not be 

affected. Staff has observed that small 

importers, distributors, and retailers of 

nonconforming light sets generally 

market other related products as well. 

The sales revenue of these small firms 

is not solely dependent on seasonal 

lighting products. Thus, income for 

these small firms would not be affected 

significantly, and, except for the 

nonconforming light sets, product lines 

would not be curtailed significantly. 

Furthermore, the draft proposed rule 

represents a continuation of the existing 

practice of the CPSC’s Office of 

Compliance and Field Operations to 

designate nonconforming seasonal 

lighting products as a substantial 

product hazard. 

VI. Environmental Considerations 

Generally, the Commission’s 

regulations are considered to have little 

or no potential for affecting the human 

environment, and environmental 

assessments and impact statements are 

not usually required. See 16 CFR 

1021.5(a). The proposed rule to deem 

seasonal and decorative lighting 

products that do not contain one or 

more of three readily observable 

characteristics to be a substantial 

product hazard is not expected to have 

an adverse impact on the environment 

and is considered to fall within the 

‘‘categorical exclusion’’ for the purposes 

of the National Environmental Policy 

Act. 16 CFR 1021.5(c). 

VII. Paperwork Reduction Act 

The proposed rule does not require 

any stakeholder to create, maintain, or 

disclose information. Thus, no 

paperwork burden is associated with the 

proposed rule, and the Paperwork 

Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501– 

3520) does not apply. 

VIII. Preemption 

The proposed rule under section 15(j) 

of the CPSA would not establish a 

consumer product safety rule. 

Accordingly, the preemption provisions 

in section 26(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 

2075(a), would not apply to this rule. 

IX. Effective Date 

The Administrative Procedure Act 

(APA) generally requires that the 

effective date of a rule be at least 30 

days after publication of a final rule. 5 

U.S.C. 553(d). The Commission 

proposes that any seasonal and 

decorative lighting product that does 

not conform to sections 6, 7, 15, 71, 79, 

and SB16 of UL 588 with regard to 

minimum wire size, sufficient strain 

relief, and overcurrent protection is 

deemed a substantial product hazard 

effective 30 days after publication of a 

final rule in the Federal Register. After 

that date, all seasonal and decorative 

lighting products that are subject to, but 

do not comply with, UL 588 with 

respect to minimum wire size, sufficient 

strain relief, or overcurrent protection, 

will be deemed to be a substantial 

product hazard, regardless of the date 

such products were manufactured or 

imported. The Commission believes that 

a 30-day effective date is appropriate 

because: 

• Seasonal and decorative lighting 

products are already in substantial 

conformance with UL 588; 

• the requirements for the readily 

observable characteristics from UL 588 

in the proposed rule (wire size, strain 

relief, and overcurrent protection) have 

been in effect as a voluntary standard 

since the 1990s, and are well-known; 

• the Office of Compliance sent a 

letter dated July 14, 2014, to 

manufacturers, importers, and retailers 

of holiday lights and decorative outfits, 

informing them that the Office of 

Compliance considers products that do 

not conform to UL 588, regarding 

minimum wire size, sufficient strain 

relief, and overcurrent protection, to be 

defective and present a substantial 

product hazard; and 

• importers can substitute conforming 

products, if necessary, before a final rule 

becomes effective. 

Based on the available information, 

the Commission concludes that a 30-day 

effective date would not likely result in 

significant impacts on industry or 

disrupt the supply of conforming 

products. 

X. Request for Comments 

The Commission invites interested 

persons to submit their comments to the 

Commission on any aspect of the 

proposed rule. Comments should be 

submitted as provided in the 

instructions in the ADDRESSES section at 

the beginning of this notice. 

List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 1120 

Administrative practice and 

procedure, Clothing, Consumer 

protection, Household appliances, 

Lighting, Infants and children, Imports, 

Incorporation by reference. 

For the reasons stated above, and 

under the authority of 15 U.S.C. 2064(j), 

5 U.S.C. 553, and section 3 of Public 

Law 110–314, 122 Stat. 3016 (August 

14, 2008), the Consumer Product Safety 

Commission proposes to amend 16 CFR 

part 1120 as follows: 

PART 1120—SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT 

HAZARD LIST 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 1120 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2064(j). 

■ 2. In § 1120.2, add paragraph (d) to 

read as follows: 

§ 1120.2 Definitions. 

* * * * * 

(d) Seasonal and decorative lighting 

product means portable, plugconnected, temporary-use lighting 

products and accessories that have a 

nominal 120 volt input voltage rating. 

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62090 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 200 / Thursday, October 16, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

Lighting products within the scope of 

the rule are factory-assembled with 

push-in, midget- or miniature-screw 

base lampholders connected in series or 

with candelabra- or intermediate-screw 

base lampholders connected in parallel, 

directly across the 120 volt input. Such 

lighting products include lighted 

decorative outfits, such as stars, 

wreathes, candles without shades, light 

sculptures, blow-molded (plastic) 

figures, and animated figures. Lighting 

products outside the scope of the rule 

include: Battery-operated products; 

products that operate from a transformer 

or low-voltage power supply; flexible 

tube lighting strings of lights intended 

for illumination; and portable electric 

lamps that are used to illuminate 

seasonal decorations. 

■ 3. In § 1120.3, add paragraph (c) to 

read as follows: 

§ 1120.3 Products deemed to be 

substantial product hazards. 

* * * * * 

(c)(1) Seasonal and decorative lighting 

products that lack one or more of the 

following characteristics in 

conformance with requirements in 

sections 6, 7, 15, 71, 79, and SB16 of 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 

Standard for Safety for Seasonal and 

Holiday Decorative Products, UL 588, 

18th Edition, approved August 21, 2000 

(UL 588): 

(i) Minimum wire size requirements 

in section 6 of UL 588; 

(ii) Sufficient strain relief 

requirements in sections 15, 71, 79, and 

SB16 of UL 588; or 

(iii) Overcurrent protection 

requirements in section 7 of UL 588. 

(2) The Director of the Federal 

Register approves the incorporations by 

reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 

552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may 

obtain a copy from UL, Inc., 333 

Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. 

You may inspect a copy at the Office of 

the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product 

Safety Commission, Room 820, 4330 

East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 

20814, telephone 301–504–7923, or at 

the National Archives and Records 

Administration (NARA). For 

information on the availability of this 

material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, 

or go to: http://www.archives.gov/

federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. 

Dated: October 8, 2014. 

Todd A. Stevenson, 

Secretary, Consumer Product Safety 

Commission. 

[FR Doc. 2014–24378 Filed 10–15–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6355–01–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES 

Food and Drug Administration 

21 CFR Part 573 

[Docket No. FDA–2014–F–1509] 

DSM Nutritional Products; Filing of 

Food Additive Petition (Animal Use) 

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, 

HHS. 

ACTION: Notice of petition. 

SUMMARY: The Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA or we) is 

announcing that we have filed a 

petition, submitted by DSM Nutritional 

Products, proposing that the food 

additive regulations be amended to 

provide for the safe use of 

Schizochytrium sp. dried algae as a 

source of docosahexaenoic acid for use 

in standard pelleted foods for adult 

dogs. 

DATES: Submit either electronic or 

written comments on the petitioner’s 

request for categorical exclusion from 

preparing an environmental assessment 

or environmental impact statement by 

November 17, 2014. 

ADDRESSES: Submit electronic 

comments to: http://

www.regulations.gov. Submit written 

comments to the Division of Dockets 

Management (HFA–305), Food and Drug 

Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 

1061, Rockville, MD 20852. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Isabel W. Pocurull, Center for Veterinary 

Medicine, Food and Drug 

Administration, 7519 Standish Pl., 

Rockville, MD 20855, 240–453–6853. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the 

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 

(section 409(b)(5) (21 U.S.C. 348(b)(5))), 

we are giving notice that a food additive 

petition (FAP 2288) has been submitted 

by DSM Nutritional Products, 45 

Waterview Blvd., Parsippany, NJ 07054. 

The petition proposes to amend Title 21 

of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

in part 573 Food Additives Permitted in 

Feed and Drinking Water of Animals (21 

CFR part 573) to provide for the safe use 

of Schizochytrium sp. dried algae as a 

source of docosahexaenoic acid for use 

in standard pelleted foods for adult 

dogs. The petitioner has requested a 

categorical exclusion from preparing an 

environmental assessment or 

environmental impact statement under 

21 CFR 25.32(r). 

Interested persons may submit either 

electronic or written comments 

regarding this request for categorical 

exclusion to the Division of Dockets 

Management (see DATES and 

ADDRESSES). It is only necessary to send 

one set of comments. Identify comments 

with the docket number found in 

brackets in the heading of this 

document. Received comments may be 

seen in the Division of Dockets 

Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., 

Monday through Friday, and will be 

posted to the docket at http://

www.regulations.gov. 

Dated: October 10, 2014. 

Bernadette Dunham, 

Director, Center for Veterinary Medicine. 

[FR Doc. 2014–24593 Filed 10–15–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4164–01–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 52 

[EPA–R03–OAR–2014–0629; FRL–9917–68– 

Region-3] 

Approval and Promulgation of Air 

Quality Implementation Plans; 

Pennsylvania; State Boards 

Requirements 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency. 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) proposes to approve the 

State Implementation Plan (SIP) 

revision submitted by the 

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the 

purpose of addressing the State Boards’ 

requirements for all criteria pollutants 

of the National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards (NAAQS). In the Final Rules 

section of this Federal Register, EPA is 

approving the Commonwealth’s SIP 

submittal as a direct final rule without 

prior proposal because the Agency 

views this as a noncontroversial 

submittal and anticipates no adverse 

comments. A detailed rationale for the 

approval is set forth in the direct final 

rule. If no adverse comments are 

received in response to this action, no 

further activity is contemplated. If EPA 

receives adverse comments, the direct 

final rule will be withdrawn and all 

public comments received will be 

addressed in a subsequent final rule 

based on this proposed rule. EPA will 

not institute a second comment period. 

Any parties interested in commenting 

on this action should do so at this time. 

DATES: Comments must be received in 

writing by November 17, 2014. 

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, 

identified by Docket ID Number EPA– 

R03–OAR–2014–0629 by one of the 

following methods: 

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