Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

AGENCY

[OPTS-41033; FRL 3765-41

Twenty-Sixth Report of the

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator; Receipt of Report and

Request for Comments Regarding

Priority List of Chemicals

AGENCY: Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

SUMMARY: The Interagency Testing

Committee (ITC), established under

section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances

Control Act (TSCA), transmitted its

Twenty-sixth Report to the

Administrator of EPA on May 8, 1990.

This report, which revises and updates

the Committee's priority list of

chemicals, adds one chemical and three

chemical groups to the list. One

chemical and one chemical group are

recommended with intent-to-designate.

The Twenty-sixth Report is included

with this notice.

The ITC has removed one chemical

and one chemical group from the

priority list. Crotonaldehyde (CAS No.

4170-30-3) was removed from the

priority list because the EPA published a

consent order on November 9, 1989 (54

FR 47062). Disperse blue dyes were

removed from the priority list because

the EPA published a consent order on

November 21,1989 (54 FR 48102), that

requires testing of CAS No. 3618-72-2.

EPA invites interested persons to

submit written comments on the report,

and to attend Focus Meetings to help

narrow and focus the issues raised by

the ITC's intent to designate

recommendations. Additionally, EPA is

soliciting interest in public participation

in the consent agreement process for

sodium cyanide and isocyanates.

DATES: Written comments should be

submitted by July 5, 1990.Written notice

of interest in being designated an "interested party" to the development of

consent agreements for sodium cyanide

or isocyanates should be submitted by

July 5, 1990. The procedures for

negotiations are described in 40 CFR

790.22. All written submissions should

bear the identifying docker number

(OPTS--41033; FRL 3765-4). A Focus Meeting will be held on June

20, 1990.

ADDRESSES: Send written submissions

to: TSCA Public Docket Office (TS-793),

Office of Toxic Substances,

Environmental Protection Agency, Rm.

NE G-004, 401 M St., SW., Washington,

DC 20460. Submissions should bear the

document control number (OPTS-41033;

FRL 3765-4).

The public record supporting this

action, including comments, is available

for public inspection in Rm. NE G-004 at

the address noted above from 8 a.m. to 4

p.m., Monday through Friday, except

legal holidays.

The Focus Meeting will be held at

EPA Headquarters, Rm. 103 NE Mall, 401

M St., SW., Washington, DC. Persons

planning to attend the Focus Meeting,

and/or seeking to be informed of

subsequent public meetings on these

chemicals, should notify the

Environmental Assistance Division at

the address listed below. To ensure

seating accommodations at the Focus

Meetings, persons interested in

attending are asked to notify EPA at

least one week ahead of the scheduled

date.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

Michael M. Stahl, Director,

Environmental Assistance Division (TS799), Office of Toxic Substances,

Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M

St., SW., Rm. E-543B, Washington, DC

20460, (202) 554-1404, TDD (202) 554-

0551.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA has

received the TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee's Report to the

Administrator.

L Background

TSCA (Pub. L 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et

seq; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) authorizes the

Administrator of EPA to promulgate

regulations under section 4(a) requiring

testing of chemical substances and

mixtures in order to develop data

relevant to determining the risks that

such chemical substances and mixtures

may present to health and the

environment. Section 4(e) of TSCA

established an Interagency Testing

Committee to make recommendations to

the Administrator of EPA on chemical

substances and mixtures to be given

priority consideration in proposing test

rules under section 4(a). Section 4(e)

directs the ITC to revise its list of

recommendations at least every 6

months as necessary. The ITC may

"designate" up to 50 substances and

mixtures at any one time for priority

consideration by the Agency. The ITC's

Twenty-sixth Report was received by

the Administrator on May 8, 1990, and

follows this Notice. The Report adds one

chemical and three groups of chemicals

to the TSCA section 4(e) priority list.

I1. Written and Oral Comments and

Public Meetings

EPA invites interested persons to

submit detailed comments on the ITC's

new recommendations. The Agency is

interested in receiving information

concerning additional or ongoing health

and safety studies on the subject

chemicals as well as information

relating to the human and environmental

exposure to these chemicals.

A notice will be published later in the

Federal Register adding the substances

recommended in the ITC's Twenty-sixth

Report to the TSCA section 8(d) Health

and Safety Data Reporting Rule (40 CFR

part 716), which requires the reporting of

unpublished health and safety studies

on the listed chemicals. The delay in

publishing this notice is necessitated

because of the requirement to complete

the economic analysis on three groups of

chemicals. That notice will also add

chemicals to the TSCA section 8(a)

Preliminary Assessment Information

Rule (40 CFR part 712). The section 8(a)

rule requires the reporting of production

volume, use, exposure, and release

information on the listed chemicals.

Focus Meetings will be held to discuss

relevant issues pertaining to the intent

to designate chemicals and to narrow

the range of issues/effects which will be

the focus of the Agency's subsequent

activities in responding to the ITC

recommendations. The Focus Meetings

will be held on June 20, 1990, as follows:

10:00-11:30 a.m.: Sodium Cyanide.

1:00-2:30 p.m.: Isocyanates.

They will be held at EPA

Headquarters, Rm. 103 NE Mall, 401 M

St., SW., Washington, DC. These

meetings are intended to supplement

and expand upon written comments

submitted in response to this notice.

Persons wishing to attend these

meetings, or subsequent meetings on

these chemicals, should call Michael

Stahl, Environmental Assistance

Division, at the telephone number listed

above at least one week in advance.

This notice also serves to invite

persons interested in participating in or

monitoring negotiations for a consent

agreement for sodium cyanide or

isocyanates to notify EPA no later than

[insert date 30 days after date of

publication in the Federal Register]. The

procedures for negotiations are

described in 40 CFR 790.22. All written

submissions should bear the identifying

docket number (OPTS-41033; FRL 3765-

4).

I1. Status of List

In addition to adding one chemical

and three chemical group

recommendations to the priority list, the

ITC's Twenty-sixth Report notes the

removal of crotonaldehyde and disperse

blue dyes from the list.

23050
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2603.

Dated: May 30, 1990.

Charles M. Auer,

Acting Director, Existing Chemical

Assessment Division.

Twenty-Sixth Report of the Interagency

Testing Committee to the Administrator,

Environmental Protection Agency

Summary

Section 4 of the Toxic Substances

Control Act of 1976 (TSCA, Pub. L. 94-

469] provides for the testing of

chemicals in commerce that may present

an unreasonable risk of injury to health

or the environment, that may reasonably

be anticipated to enter the environment

in substantial quantities or that may

involve significant or substantial human

exposure. It also provides for the

establishment of a Committee (the

Interagency Testing Committee),

composed of representatives from eight

designated Federal agencies, to

recommend chemical substances and

mixtures (chemicals) to which the

Administrator of the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) should give

priority testing consideration.

Section 4(e)(1)(A) of TSCA directs the

Committee to recommend to the EPA

Administrator chemicals to which the

Administrator should give priority

testing consideration pursuant to section

4(a). The Committee is required to

designate those chemicals, from among

its recommendations, to which the

Administrator should respond within 12

months by either initiating a rulemaking

proceeding under section 4(a) or

publishing the Administrator's reason

for not initiating such a proceeding. At

least every 6 months, the Committee

makes those revisions in the TSCA

section 4(e) Priority List that it

determines to be necessary and

transmits them to the EPA

Administrator.

As a result of its deliberations, the

Committee is revising the TSCA section

4(e) Priority List by the addition of one

chemical and three chemical groups. The Priority List is divided into three

parts: Part A contains those

recommended chemicals and groups

designated for priority consideration

and response by the EPA Administrator

within 12 months. Part B contains

chemicals and groups recommended

with intent-to-designate. This category

was established by the Committee in its

seventeenth report (50 FR 47603;

November 19, 1985) to take advantage of

rules promulgating automatic reporting

requirements for non-designated ITC

recommendations under the section 8(a)

Preliminary Assessment Information

Rule and the TSCA section 8(d) Health

and Safety Data Reporting Rule.

Information received following

recommendation with intent-todesignate may influence the Committee

to either designate or not designate the

chemicals or groups in a subsequent

report to the Administrator. Part C

contains chemicals and groups that have

been recommended for priority

consideration by EPA without being

designated for response within 12

months. The changes to the Priority List

are presented, together with the types of

testing recommended in the following

Table 1. The notes following Table 1

acknowledge the Committee's efforts to

comprehensively examine ongoing

testing-related activities and available

information previously submitted under

TSCA.

TABLE 1-ADDITIONS TO THE SECTION 4(E) PRIORITY LIST MAY 1990

Chemical/group

A. Designated:

None.

B. Recommended with Intent-to-Designate:

Sodium cyanide (CAS No. 143-33-9) ...........................

Isocyanates ..................................................................................................................

C. Recommended:

Brominated flame retardants ....................................................................................

Alkyl phosphates .........................................................................................................

Recommended studies

Chemical Fate: None.

Health Effects: Under review, as cyanide.

Ecological Effects: Toxicity to migratory birds.

Chemical Fate: Physical/chemical properties and persistence.

Health Effects: Under review.

Ecological Effects: None.

Chemical Fate: Physical/chemical properties and persistence.

Heatlh Effects: Under review.

Ecological Effects: None.

Chemical Fate: Physical/chemical properties and persistence.

Health Effects: None.

Ecological Effects: None, except tri-n-butyl phosphate.

The individual chemicals for the chemical groups in Table 1 are listed below to identify SARA section 110 and EPCRA

section 313 chemicals and to minimize ambiguities related to TSCA sections 8(a) and 8(d) reporting requirements. Chemical nos. 1 through 43 are isocyanates, chemical nos. 44 through 59 are brominated flame retardants, and chemical nos. 60 through

79 are alkyl phosphates.

Chemical name CAS No. Notes

2,6-Toluene diisocyanate ................................................................................................ 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3'-dmethybiphenyl ................ .......................

p-Nitropheny isocyanate ................................................

4.4'-Diphenylmethane dilsocyanate .............................................................................

3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate ..............................

Phenyl isocyanate ...................................................................................................... . p.-Chlorophenyl isocyanate .......................................................................... ... .......

p-Phenylene dilsocyanate..; ............................................................................................

9. Enyl isocyanal 10. n-Propy isocy

11. n-Butyl isocyar

12. Octadecvl isoc

91-08-7

91-97-4

100-28-7

101-68-8

102-36-3

103-71-9

104-12-1

104-49-4

109-90-0

110-78-1

111-36-4

112-96-9

b~d,e,f

ef

b,e,f

C

ej

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

0e .. .............................................................................................................

anate ....................................... ...............................................................

ate .......................................... ..................................... ......................

vanate ............................................

23051
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

Chemical name

1,3-Diisocyanatober

(a a-Trifluoro-m-tc

2,4-Toluene diisocyi

1 -1socyanato-2-mett 1-1nsntn-4-math'

socvanate ....................................................... ......................

13.

14..

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

N 1. o, -7 i.cllcropllenlyl

•42. 2-Heptyl-3,4-bis(9-s

43. Isophorone diisocya

44. Bromochloromethar

45. 3,4',5-Tribromosalic

46. 2,3,4,5,6-Pentabrorr

47. 1,2,3,4,5-Pentabror

48. 2,3-Dibromopropan

49. Vinyl bromide ..........

50. 2,4.Dibromophenol

51. Ethoxylated tetrabr(

52. Tetrabromobisphen

53. Tetrabromodichloro

54. Tribromotrichlorocy

55. Tribromoneopentylt

56. Tetrabromobisphen

57. Alkanes, Cio-,., broi

58. 2,4-(or 2,6)-Dibrom

59. Benzene, etheny-,

60. Triethyl phosphate.

61. Trs(2-ethylhexyl) pt

62. Tris(2-butoxyothyl)

63. Di-n-butyl phosphat

64. Triisobutyl phospha

65. Tr-n-butyl phospha

66. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phc

67. Monomethyl phosp

68. Mono(2-ethyhexyl)

69. Ethyl dichlorophosp

70. n-butyl phosphate..

71. Mono(isopropyl) ph

72. Monooctadecyl phc

73. Monohexyl phosphi

74. Monooctyl phospha

75. Di-n-dodecyl phosp

76. 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)(

77. 2-Ethylhexyl phospl

78. Dodecyl phosphate

ocyanatononyl)-l-pentylcyclohexane ..........................................

nate, hydroxyethyl m ethacrylate adduct ......................................

Re...1 .................................................... ; ..............................................

ylanilide ............................................................................................

notofuene ..........................................................................................

no-6-chlorocyclohexane .................................................................. Ol ........................................................................................................

omobisph

ol A, bis(

cyclohex

clohexan

alcohol..

o0 A dia

mochloro

ophenol,

homopol

hosphate

phospha

a .............

te ..........

tel.

isphate.

ha noi A ........................................... .................................. (alyl ether) ..................................... .................................

(ane ..... .................................... ................................. ae ....................................................................................

rylate ............................................. ................................... .........................................................................................

homopolymer .............................................................

tymer, brominated. . .....................................................

e.........................................................................................

te .................................................................. ; .....................

pnate ......................................................................................

................................. te........................................................ ate ........ ........ ;............................................. .............. ..............

Disooctyl phosphate ........................................

Recommended in 18th Report, but plant toxicity testing needed.

CAS No.

M ethyl isocyanate,. ................................ : .....................................................................

3-1socyanato- -propene ............................................

1,1',1 "-M ethylidynetds(4-socyanato-benzene) ......................................................

I -Brom o-4-isocyanatobenzene ........................................................................................

I -Chloro-3-isocyanatobenzene ..........................................................................

Ethyl isocyanatoacetate ............................. ..............

Cyclohexyl isocyanate ......................................................................................................

Tris(isocyanatohexyl)biuret .............................................................................................

Isophorone diisocyanate ..................................................................................................

Tns(4-isocyanatophenyl) thiophosphate ........................................................................

1,1 '-M ethylenebis(4-isocyanato-cyclohexane) ..............................................................

1-1socyanato-2-((4-isocyanato-phenyl)m elhyl)benzene ................................................

Diphenylm ethylene diisocyanate .....................................................................................

1,6-Diisocyanato-2,4,4-trim ethylhexane .............................................. ! ...........................

1,6-Diisocyanato-2,2,4-trim ethythexane ......................................... ................................

Bis(isocyanatom ethyl)benzene .......................................................................................

1,1 '-Methylenebis(isocyanatobenzene) ..........................................................................

Toluene diisocyanate ........................................................................................................

1,3,5-Tris(3-isocyanatomethylphenyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trone ..............

Toluene diisocyanate dim er .............................................................................................

2,6-Diisopropylphenyl isocyanate ....................................................................................

2-lsocyanato-1,3-dim ethylbenzene .............................................. ..................................

2-1socyanatoethyl m ethacrylate ................................... .................................................

* Notes:

a. Superfund Amendments and

Reauthorization Act (SARA) section 110.

b. Emergency Planning and Community

Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) pection,313..

c. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

section 8[a) Preliminary' Assessment

Information Rule (PAIR).

d. TSCA section 8(a) Comprehensive

Assessment Information Rule (CAIR).

*e. TSCA section 8(d) Health andSafety

Data Reporting.Rule.

f. T.CA section 8(c) notices requiring

manufacturers, importers, processors and

distributors to submit records and reports of

.allegntions that chemical substances or

* mixtures caused significant adverse reaction

to health or the environment.

TSCA Interagency Testing Committee

-Statutory Member Agencies and Their

Representatives:

Council on Environmental. Quality

Nomination pending .

23052

.4

123-61-5

329-01-1

584-84-9

614-68-6

622-58-2

624-83-9

1476-23-9

2422-91-5

2493-02-9

2909-38-8

2949-22-6

3173-53-3

4035-89-6

4098-71-9

4151-51-3

5124-30-1

5873-54-1

10031-75-1

156456-96-5

16938-22-0

25854-16-4

26447-40-5

26471-62-5

26603-40-7

26747-90-0

28178-42-9

28556-81-2

30674-80-7

34893-92-0

68239-06-5

73597-26-9

74-97-5

87-10-5

87-83-2

87-84-3

96-13-9

593-60-2

615-58-7

4162-45-2

25327-89-3

30554-72-4

30554-73-5

36483-57-5

55205-38-7

68955-41-9,

69882-11-7

88497-56-7

78-40-0

78-42-2

78-51-3

107-66-4

126-71-6

126-73-8

298-07-7

812-00-0

.1070-03-7

1498-51-7

1623-15-0

1623-24-1

2958-09-0

3900-04-7

3991-73-9

7057-92-3

7332-46-9

12645-31-7

12751-23-4

27215-10-7

Notes

ef

b,d,e,f

b

e,1

elf

e,f

ejf

ej

a,b,d,e,f

a,e

abe

f

f

c,e,f

f

socUya;aLO 11 .. ................................................................

...............................................................................

.......... 1.

............

............

............

I
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesdav, lune 5. 1990 / Notices

Department of Commerce

Raimundo Prat, Alternate

Environmental Protection Agency

Letitia Tahan, Member

Vincent Nabholz, Alternate

National Cancer Institute

Thomas P. Cameron, Alternate

National Institute of Environmental

Health Sciences

James K. Selkirk, Member and

Chairperson

National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health

Robert W. Mason, Member (See Note 1)

Rodger L. Tatken, Alternate

National Science Foundation

Carter Kimsey, Member

Jarvis L. Moyers, Alternate

Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

Loretta Schuman, Member and ViceChairperson

Stephen Mallinger, Alternate

Liaison Agencies and Their

Representatives:

Agency for Toxic Substances and

Disease Registry

Deborah Barsotti

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Lakshmi C. Mishra

Department of Agriculture

Richard M. Parry, Jr.

Elise A. B. Brown

Department of Defense

Harry Salem

Melvin E. Anderson

Department of the Interior

Clifford P. Rice

Barnett A. Rattner

Department of Transportation

James O'Steen (See Note 2)

Food and Drug Administration

Charles J. Kokoski (See Note 3)

Raju Kammula (See Note 4)

National Library of Medicine

Vera Hudson

National Toxicology Program

Ex-officio

U.S. International Trade Commission

Edward Matusik (See Note 5)

James Raftery (See Note 6)

Committee Staff:

John D. Walker, Executive Secretary

Norma Williams, ITC Program

Specialist

Support Staff:

Alan Carpien - Office of the General

Counsel, EPA

Notes:

"11) Appointed on April 4. 1990.

(2) Appointed on February 9. 1990.

(3) Appointed on February 1, 1990.

(41 Appointed -on February 5, 1990.

(5-Appointed on March 19, 1990.

(6) Appointed on April 18, 199o.

The Committee acknowledges and is

grateful for the assistance and support

given the ITC by the staff of Syracuse

Research Corp. (technical support

contractor) and personnel of the EPA

Office of Toxic Substances.

Chapter 1-Introduction

1.1 Background. The Interagency

Testing Committee (Committee) was established under section 4(e) of the

Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976

(TSCA, Pub. L 94-469). The specific

mandate of the Committee is to

recommend to the Administrator of the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) chemical substances and mixtures

in commerce that should be given

priority testing consideration. TSCA

specifies that the Committee's

recommendations shall be in the form of a Priority List, which is to be published

in the Federal Register. The Committee

is directed by section 4(e)(1)(A) of TSCA

to designate those chemicals on the

Priority List to which the EPA

Administrator should respond within 12

months by either initiating a rulemaking

proceeding under section 4(a) or

publishing the Administrator's reason

for not initiating such a proceeding.

There is no statutory time limit for EPA

response regarding chemicals that ITC

has recommended with intent-todesignate or recommended.

At least every 6 months, the

Committee makes those revisions in the

section 4(e) Priority List that it

determines to be necessary and

transmits them to the EPA

Administrator.

The Committee is composed of

repres.entatives from 8 statutory member

agencies and 10 liaison agencies. The

specific representatives and their

affiliations are named in the front of this

report. The Committee's chemical

review procedures and priority

recommendations are described in

previous reports (Refs. 1 through 9).

1.2 Committee's previous reports.

Twenty-five previous reports to the EPA

Administrator have been issued by the

Committee and published in the Federal

Register. Seventy-eight chemicals and 21

chemical groups were recommended for

priority consideration by the EPA

Administrator and designated for

response within 12 months. In addition,

12 chemicals and 6 chemical groups were recommended without being so designated. Overall, in the 25 reports to

the EPA Administrator, the Committee

has recommended testing for 90

chemicals and 26 chemical groups. The

groups of designated and recommended

chemicals do not total 27, because 1

group (brominated flame retardants) was split between designated and

recommended parts of the priority list. A

complete list-of recommended chemicals

may be obtained by contacting: Dr. John

D. Walker, Executive Secretary,

Interagency Testing Committee, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (TS792), 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC

20460, U.S.A., (202) 382-3820.

1.3 Committee's activities during this

reporting period. Between October 26,

1989 and April 26, 1990, the Committee

reviewed chemicals that were

nominated by Member Agencies,

evaluated chemicals by using the

Committee's computerized,

substructure-based, chemical selection

processes (Ref. 11) and examined lists of

ongoing activities related to reducing

testing information deficiencies.

Member-Agency nominations sustains one of the Committee's major functions,

viz, to serve in an advisory capacity to

assist in the exchange of information,

collaboration, and elimination of

problems caused by jurisdictional

overlap and to assist in the coordination

of testing being sponsored or required

by U.S. Government organizations. The

chemical, 4-Vinyleyclohexene and the

brominated flame retardants, that were

recommended for testing in the

Committee's 25th Report, were

nominated by the National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health and the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

respectively. New member-agency

nominations for this report include

sodium cyanide (the U.S. Department of

the Interior) and isocyanates (the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency).

Alkyl phosphates were selected by

using the Committee's computerized,

substructure-based, chemical selection

processes. The Committee continues to

recommend groups of structurally- or

use-related chemicals for screening

tests. The Committee believes this is a

cost-effective approach to satisfying, chemical testing information '

deficiencies because it promotes a

comprehensive analysis of chemicals

that may produce similar effects or that

may involve similar exposures.

During this reporting period, the

Committee reviewed several TSCA

section 8(a) and 8(c) reports containing

Confidential Business Information (CBI).

The Committee is requesting that EPA

not add 2,4-, 2,6-, and mixed isomers of

toluene diisocyanate to PAIR at this

time. For these chemicals, the

Committee wants Member Agencies to

have an opportunity to examine

information submitted in response to

CAIR, especially information that might

be redundant with information required

by PAIR.

During this reporting period, the

Committee'also reviewed several For

Your Information (FYI), TSCA section

9.-qnl;-q
23054Feea eierIVl55No10 Tudaun5,19/Nocs

8(d) and 8(e) documents that are stored

on microfiche in the TSCA Public

Docket Office, Office of Toxic

Substances, Environmental Protection

Agency, Room G-004 NE Mall, 401 M St.,

SW., Washington, D.C. 20460. These

microfiched documents are also.

available from the National Technical

Information Service, 5285 Port Royal

Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (1-800-

336-4700), and from Chemical

Information Systems, Inc., 7215 York

Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21212 (1-

800-CIS-USER). The Committee

referenced several of these documents

in Chapter 2 of this report and readers

are referred to the above addresses to

obtain further information. Interested

parties can also obtain, from the EPA

address, copies of publicly-available

reports, letters and published references

supporting recommendations of

chemicals in this report.

The Committee continues to

comprehensively search available

domestic and international lists of

ongoing activities related to reducing

testing information deficiencies on

chemicals under review. Efforts to

conduct these searches identified

chemicals listed in other statutes and

chemicals for which TSCA informationgathering activities are ongoing (see

Table I notes). The Committee makes

the results of these searches publicly

available by referencing TSCA

submissions in Reports to the EPA

Administrator or making tablesand

references of these submissions

available in the public dockets

supporting a Report to the EPA

Administrator.

As related to ongoing international

activities, the Committee compared the

list of CAS Registry numbers of

chemicals that it is recommending for

testing with a March 9, 1990 list of CAS

Registry numbers for 45 high production

volume chemicals allocated for

cooperative work by the Organization

for Economic Cooperation and

Development. There were no common,

CAS Registry numbers on both lists.

During this reporting period, the

Committee reviewed available

information on 92 chemicals and 14

chemical groups. One chemical and

three chemical groups were selected for

addition to the section 4(e) Priority List;

one chemical and two' chemical groups

were deferred. Review of the remaining

chemicals is continuing.

1.4 The TSCA section 4(e) Priority

List. Section 4(e)(1)(B).of TSCA directs

the Committee to: ".... make such

revisions in the [priority] list. as it

determines to be nec essary and *

transmit them to the Administrator

together with the' Committee's reasonsfor the revisions." Under this authority,

the Committee is reviging the List by

adding one chemical, sodium cyanide.

(CAS No. 143-33-9) and three chemical

groups, isocyanates, brominated flame

retardants (BFRs), and alkyl phosphates.

Crotonaldehyde (CAS No., 4170-30-3)

was removed from the Priority List

because the EPA published a Consent

Order on November 9, 1989 (54 FR

47062). Disperse Blue Dyes were

removed from the Priority List because

the EPA published a Consent Order on

November 21, 1989 (54 FR 46162) that

required testing of CAS No. 3618-72-2;

but no testing for GAS Nos. 3618-73-3,

3956-55-6 and 21429-43-6.

The Priority List (Table 2) is divided

into the following three parts; namely,

A. Designated Chemicals and Groups, B.

Chemicals and Groups Recommended

with Intent-to-Designate, and C.

Recommended Chemicals and Groups.

Individual chemicals in Priority List

chemical groups are included in the list

of chemicals following Table 1 of this

Report and the body of Table I in

previous Reports to minimize

ambiguities related to TSCA section 8(a)

and 8(d) reporting requirements. Table 2

reads as follows:

TABLE 2-THE TSCA SECTION 4(E)

PRIORITY LIST MAY 1990

Entry Date of designation

A. Designated Chemicals and

Groups:.

Brominated flame retardants.. November 1989

B. Chemicals and Groups

Recommended with Intentto-Designate:.

Chloroalkyl phosphates........... November 1988

4-Vinylcyclohexene .................. November 1989

Sodium cyanide ........................ May 1990.

Isocyanates ................. May 1990

C. Recommended Chemicals

and Groups:.

Imidazolium quaternary am- May 1988

monium compounds.

Ethoxylated quaternary am- May 1988

monium compounds.

Butyraldehyde ........................... November 1988

Brominated flame retardants.. November 1989

May 1990

Alkyl phosphates.-: .................. May 1990

References

(1) Sixteenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator,. Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 21, 1985, 50 FR 20930-20939.

Includes references to Reports 1 through 15

and an annotated list of removals.

(2) Seventeenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 19, 1985, 50 FR 47603-

47612.

(3) Eighteenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 19, 1986, 51 FR 18368-18375.

(4) Nineteenth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 14, 1986, 51 FR 41417-

41432.

(5) Twentieth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 20, 1987, 52 FR 19020-19026.

(6) Twenty-first Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 20, 1987, 52 FR 44830-

44837.

(7) Twenty-second Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, May 20, 1988, 53 FR 18196-18210.

(8) Twenty-third Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, November 16, 1988, 53 FR 46262-

46278.

(9) Twenty-fourth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, July 27, 1989, 54 FR 31248-31249.

(10) Twenty-fifth Report of the TSCA

Interagency Testing'Committee to the

Administrator, Environmental Protection

Agency. TSCA Interagency Testing

Committee, December 12, 1989, 54 FR 51114-

51130.

(11) Walker, J.D. and Brink, R.H. "New

Cost-Effective, Computerized Approaches to

Selecting Chemicals for Priority Testing

Consideration." Aquatic Toxicology and

Environmental Fate. G.W. Suter It and M.A.

Lewis, Eds. American Society for Testing and

Materials, Philadelphia, PA. ASTM STP1007.

11:507-536 (1989).

Chapter 2-Recommendations of the

Committee

2.1 Chemicals recommended for

priority consideration by the EPA

Administrator. As provided by section

4(e)(1](B) of TSCA, the Committee is

adding to the section 4(e) Priority List

one chemical and three chemical groups

(see Table 1). The recommendation of

these chemicals is made after

considering the factors identified in

section 4(e)(1)(A) and other relevant

information, such as the chemical testing

information deficiencies of Member

Agencies.

22 Designqted chemical . None.

2.3 Chemicals.recommended with

intent-to-designate-2.3.a- Sodium

cyanide--Summary of recommended

23054 Federal Regi ster / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 f: Notices
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 /Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

studies. It is recommended that sodium

cyanide be tested for:

1. Chemicalfate. None.

2. Health effects. Under review, as

cyanide. 3. Ecological effects.,Toxicity to

migratory birds.

Physical and Chemical Information

CAS Number: 143-33-9

Synonyms: Sodium Cyanide

Acronym: NaCN

Structural Formula: Na+CN -

Empirical Formula: NaCN

Molecular Weight: 49.02

Physical State at 250 C: Solid

Description of Chemical: White granules or

fused pieces (Ref. 21, Windholtz et al., 1983)

Melting Point- 5630 C

Vapor Pressure: < 10- mm Hg

(extrapolated to 250 C)

Specific Gravity: Not Applicable

Log Octan0l/Water Partition Coefficient:

Not Applicable

Water Solubility at 200 C: 480,000 mg/L

Log I: Not Applicable

Henry's Constant: Not Applicable

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure information. -

Production/use/disposal/exposure/

release. In 1986, U.S. demand for-NaCN'

was approximately 71 million lbs. (Ref.

6, CMR, 1987).

Sodium cyanide is used in the

leaching of gold and silver from ores

(Ref. 21,Windholtz et al., 1983) and mine

tailings (Ref. 9 Fiksel et al., 1981),

electroplating baths, and fumigating'

warehouses and shipping containers

(e.g., ships, railcars) (Ref. 21, Windholtz

et al., 1983).

B. Evidence for exposureEnvironmental exposure. During its use

to extract gold and silver from mine

tailings, cyanide-containing waters are

discharged to impoundments (Ref. 9,

Fiksel et al., 1981). The letter from the

U.S. Department of the Interior

nominating sodium cyanide to the

Committee contained the following

information (Ref. 5, Buffington, 19§0):

The number of the mines employing this

method is estimated to be in the hundreds

and every indication is that the use of this

method is expanding. Gold mining operations

have been shown to yield CN [cyanide]

concentrations of 25-300 ppm in water of mill

,tailings impoundments and even higher concentrations, 500-2000 ppm, occur where

the leach process is used. The fresh water

impoundments vary from shallow

depressions of about 50 feet across to more

than 100 acres and'depths of 15 feet; the

median pond is 3-4 acres. In the interest of

recycling the CN, the operators intentionally

try to maintain high levels of CN in the

ponds.

Sodium cyanide is included in "cyanide compounds" that are defined

in 40 CFR 372.65. These cyanide

compounds are on the Toxics Release

Inventory established under section 313

of the Emergency Planning and

Community Right-to-Know Act (Pub. L.

99-499, "EPCRA"). Section 313 of

EPCRA requires certain facilities that

manufacture, process, or otherwise use

toxic chemicals to report annually their

environmental releases of such

chemicals. Mining operations, however,

are not required to report discharges to

impoundments under section 313 of

EPCRA. Releases of "cyanide

compounds" as reported under section

313 of EPCRA for the years 1987 and

1988 are summarized below:

Pounds Released

Medium

1987 1988

Air ........................................................................................................................................

• ....................... 1.119,119 631,926 Water .....................................................................................................................................

142.413 190,906 Land ........................................................ ............................................................. . 14,580 134,559 Underground TO Ws' (Injection) . . ............. .. .

....... . . . ................................... ................... 4,047,763 5,761,349 . . . ......- 1,208,798 1,143,282 P S I ............................ .......... ........... ..............................................................................................................

...

'Publicl Owned Treatment Works.

In addition, a number of monitoring

studies of water and wastewater,

Including a number of studies submitted

under TSCA are available (Ref. 1, Allied

Chem Corp., 1985a; Ref. 2, Allied Chem

Corp., 1985b; Ref. 3, Allied Signal Inc.,

1989); Ref. 7, E. I. du Pont de Nemours &

Co., Inc., 1989; Ref. 8, E. I. du Pont de

Nemours & Co., Inc., 1989; Ref. 10, FMC

Corp, 1979; Ref. 12, Monsanto Co., 1987;

Ref. 13, PPG Industries, Inc., 1987a; Ref.

14, PPG Industries, Inc, 1987b; Ref. 15,

Rohm & Haas Co., 1982; Ref. 16, Rohm &

Haas Co., 1986; Ref. 17, Shell Oil Co,

1989; Ref. 18, Sybron Corp, 1982; Ref. 19,

Union Carbide Corp., 1988.

I. Chemical Fate Information

Chemical fate testing is not

recommended at this time.

II. Health Effects Information

Health effects information on cyanide

is being reviewed by the Agency for

Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

(ATSDR) (Ref. 4, ATSDR, 1989).

Available informatioft suggests that

some health effects testing may be

necessary, but before testing is

recommended, the Committee wants

ATSDR and other Member Agencies to

have an opportunity to examine any

additional information that is submitted

in response to this report,

III. Ecological Effects Information

A. Acute and subchronic (short-term)

effects. Cyanidesare Priority Pollutants

under the Clean Water Act. Numerous

tests are available that demonstrate the

acute toxicity of free cyanide to aquatic

organisms. Free cyanide is present in

water from the dissolution of such

cyanide compounds as sodium cyanide,

potassium cyanide,'and hydrogen

cyanide. The LGo values for 9

freshwater fish species range from 52 to

350 j

1 g/L; ihe most sensitive species is

Salvelinus fontinalis. The LCso values

for 6 invertebrate species range from 83

, to 2,490 ,g/L with the most sensitive

species being Daphnia pulex. The LCso " * values for 3 marine fish species!'

(Menidia menidia, Cyprinodon

variegatus, and Pseudopieronectes

americanus) are 59, 300, and 372 /g/L,

respectively. Amphipods are the least

sensitive of the marine invertebrates

tested (LCso = 1,220 pg/L). and mysids

and copepods the most sensitive (LCso

values = 30 and 113 pg/L, respectively).

In'addition, the 96-hour LC o values for

the green alga Scenedesmus .

quadricauda is 160 ,g/L (Ref. 20, US

EPA, 1985).

B. Chronic (long-term) effects. Tests

with free cyanide produced chronic

toxicity values of: 34 /g/L for Asellus

communis; 18 pg/L for Gammarus

psuedolimnaeus; 8 jg/L for Salvelinus

fontinalis; 16 g/L for Pimepholes

promelas; and 70 Ag/L for Mysidopsis

bahia (Ref. 20, US EPA, 1985).

C. Other ecological effects (biological,

behavioral, or ecosystem process). The

letter from the U.S. Department of the

Interior nominating sodium cyaiide to

the Committee contained the following

information (Ref. 5; Buffington 1990):

Cyanide in Water of heap leach and mill

tailings ponds associated with precious metal

23055
23056 F eo1e

mining has been iniplicated in substantial

wildlife mortality In the western U.S. during

the 1980s. As a result of voluntary reporting

by 47 mining operations in the State of

Nevada, more than 6,000 carcasses of at least

80 species of birds, 17 species of mammals,

and a variety of reptiles and amphibians

have been retrieved from these

Impoundments. Birds, especially aquatic

migrants, represented over 90 percent of the

total mortalities. Although these mine ponds are not usually associated with prime wildlife

habitat, they are frequently located along

critical avian migration routes and provide

resting sites for opportunistic migrants.

D. Bioconcentration and food-chain

transport. No data were found.

E. Rationale for ecological effects

testing recommendation. The U.S.

Department of the Interior is concerned

about the toxicity of cyanide to

migratory birds that alight on ponds

containing cyanide-contaminated water.

Ecological effects testing is

recommended because data are

insufficient to reasonably determine or

predict the toxicity of cyanide to

migratory birds and other wildlife.

References

(1) Allied Chemical Corp. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 878216017, microfiche number

OTS0206784. "Hydrogeologic investigation

and implementation of remedial measures at

Bendix Industrial Tools Green Field.

Massachusetts with cover letters."

Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances,

US. Environmental Protection Agency.

(1985a).

(2) Allied Chemical Corp. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 878216189, microfiche number

OTS0206ON5. "Final report preliminary site

assessment Broadview, Illinois plant

Amphenol Products Division industrial and

sector with cover letter attached."

Washington, DQ: Office of Toxic Substances,

U.S. Environmental Protection'Agency.

(1985b).

(3) Allied Signal. Inc. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 86-890000266, microfiche number

OTS0520421. "Final draft phase I site

assessment: Body of report, figures,

attachments and hydraulic properties with

attached appendices and cover letter dated

05/15/89." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. (1989).

(4) ATSDR. Agency for Toxic Substances

and Disease Registry. "Toxicological Profile

for Cyanide." TP-88/12. Department of

Health and Human Services. U.S. Public

Health Service, Centers for Disease Control,

Atlanta, GA (1989).

(5) Buffington, J.D. Letter from John D.

Buffington. Regional Director for Research

and Development, Fish and Wildlife Servide,

U.S. Department of the Interior to John D.

Walker, Acting Executive Secretary,

Interagency Testing Committee (ITC),

nominating NaCN for consideration by the

ITC, Dated April 17.1990.

(6) CMR. Chemical Marketing-Reporter.

"Chemical Profile: Hydrogen Cyanide."'June,

22. New York, NY: Schnell Publishing Co.

(1987).

(7) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.

TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-890000135,

microfiche number OTS0517735.

"Endangerment assessment, on-site

conditions on seven chemicals with cover

letter dated 02/24/89." Washington. DC:

Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. , " 

Environmental Protection Agency. (1989a).

(8) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co, Inc.

TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-890000134,

microfiche number OTS0517734.

"Endangerment assessment, off-site

conditions on 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-

dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, xylenes

and 1,3-dichloropropane with cover letter

dated 02/24/89." Washington, DC: Office of

Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency. (1989b).

(9) Fiksel, J., Cooper, C., Eschenroeder, A.,

Goyer, M., and Perwak, J., "Exposure and risk

assessment for cyanide." EPA/440/4-85/08.

(NTIS PB&5-22072). Cambridge, MA: Arthur

D. Little, Inc. (1981).

(10) FMC Corp. TSCA Sec. 4 submission

40-7942485, microfiche number OTS0519270.

"Health effect studies on various aryl

phosphates." Washington, DC: Office of

Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency. (1979).

(11) Janks, W.R. "Cyanides." In: KirkOthmer Encyclopedia of Chemical

Technology. New York, NY: John Wiley &

Sons (1979).

(12) Monsanto Co. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 66-870000940, microfiche number

OTS0515378. "Acute oral, eye, skin, and

inhalation toxicity, preliminary ground water

assessment, and characterization of effluents

of phenol with cover letter dated 07/27/87."

Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances,

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1987).

(13) PPG Industries, Inc. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 86-870002003, microfiche number

OTS0517092. "Waste disposal sites

assessment." Washington, DC: Office of

Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency. (1987a).

(14) PPC Industries, Inc TSCA.Sec. 8(d)

submission 86-870002033, microfiche number

OTS0517122. "Preliminary investigation at the

Hranica waste disposal site - Sarver, Penn."

Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances,

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

(1987b).

(15) Rohin & Haas Co. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 878212294, microfiche number

OTS0205979. "Characterization & fate of the

discharge of priority pollutants from the

Rohim & Haas Philadelphia plant into

Delaware low level collector of the

Philadelphia sewer." Washington, DC: Office

of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency. (1982).

(16) Robin & Haas Co. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 868600048, microfiche number

OTS0510197. "Memorandum: treatment of

cyanide in the Houston plant with cover

letter dated 05/07/06." Washington, DC:

Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1986).

(17) Shell Oil Co. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 8 microfiche number

0TS0516763. "Analysis of waste water ..

samples and inhalation reproduction rangefinding Study in mated ratswith C9 aromatic

hydrocarbons with cover letter dated 05/10/

89." Washington. DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. (1989).

(18) Sybron Corp. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 878210423, microfiche number

OTS0206251. "Surface water quality and

hydrogeologic investigation of abandoned

settling basins." Washington, DC: Office of

Toxic Substances. U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency. (1982).

(19) Union Carbide Corp. TSCA Sec. 81d)

submission 86-880000319, microfiche number

OTS0514200. "Hydrogeological investigation

at the Union Carbide Solvents and Materials

Coating Plant with cover letter dated 07/06/

88." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. 11988).

(20) U.S. EPA. Environmental Protection

Agency. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for

Cyanide. Washington, DC: Office of Water

Regulation and Standards. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1985).

(21) Windholtz, M., Budavari, S., Blumetti,

R.F., and Otterbein, E.S., eds., The Merck

Index. l0th edition. Rahway, New Jersey:

Merck & Co., Inc., p. 8440 (1983).

2.3.b Isocyanates-Summary of

recommended studies. It is

recommended that the isocyanates

included-in the list of chemicals

following Table 1 (except for those with

specific testing noted In the Physical and

Chemical Information section and

section II of this chapter) be tested for:

1. Chemical fate. Physical/chemical

properties and persistence.

2. Health effects. Under review.

3. Ecological effects. None.

Physical and Chemical Information

Except for vapor pressure of phenyl

isocyanate (2.57 mm Hg at 25' C; Ref. 6,

Daubert and Danner, 1989), 2,4-toluene

diisocyanate (0.008 mm Hg at 20* C; Ref.

3, Boublick et al., 1984), n-butyl

isocyanate (17.6 mm Hg at 25' C; Ref. 6,

Daubert and Danner, 1989) and

cyclohexyl isocyanate (1.02 mm Hg at

25* C; Ref. 6, Daubert and Danner, 1989),

melting point of cyclohexyl isocyanate

(48' C; Ref. 2, Aldrich, 1988), methyl

isocyanate (-17' C; Ref. 7, Dean, 19851, pchlorophenyl isocyanate (31' C; Ref. 7,

Dean, 1985) and n-butyl isocyanate (26"

C; Ref. 2, Aldrich, 1988) and boiling point

of p-chlorophenyl isocyanate (204' C;

Ref. 7, Dean, 1985), cyclohexyl

isocyanate (168-170 C; Ref. 7, Dean,

1985), n-butyl isocyanate (115' C; Ref. 7,

Dean, 1985) and methyl isocyanate (39.1,

C; Ref. 16, Weast. et al., 1985). the

Committee has no information on

measured physical/chemical properties

of the isocyanates included in the list of

chemicals following Table 1.

Rationale for Recommendations

A. Exposure information--

Production/use/disposal.lexposurel

23056 Federal Register j Vol. 55, No., 108 / Tuesday. Jiune 5, 1990 / Notices
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

release. The Committee believes that

the isocyanates included in the list of

chemicals following Table I are

commercially available and that many

are produced in substantial volumes;

actual volumes are CBI. Isocyanates are

used in a large number of applications

including-polyurethanes, flexible

urethane foams (for furniture,

transportation, carpet underlay,

bedding, and other foam uses), rigid

foams, coatings, elastomers,

thermoplastic elastomers, preparation of

polyurethane resin and spandex fibers,

bonding rubber to rayon and nylon, and

in the manufacture of carbamates ureas

for pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and

pesticides. A search of studies

submitted under TSCA revealed

monitoring studies for 4,4'-

diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 2,4-

toluene diisocyanate (Ref. 8, Hazelton

Labs, 1977; Ref. 14, Potlatch Corp., 1987).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. The isocyanates

recommended in this report are used in

a variety of applications, many of which

can lead to worker exposure. This is

exemplified by the case reports or

industrial hygiene studies submitted to

the EPA as FYI (for your information) or

under TSCA sections 8(d) (health and

safety studies) or 8(e) (notice of

substantial risk) as well as the reports of

significant adverse reactions submitted

under TSCA section 8(c) as CBL A table

of isocyanates for which FYI, TSCA 8(d)

or 8[e) case reports and industrial

hygiene studies, and a list of references

for those reports or studies are

contained in the public docket for the

26th ITC Report.

Environmental exposure. The

following releases are reported from the

Toxics Release Inventory:

Pounds released

Chemical name/medium

1987 1988

2,6-Toluene

dusocyanate:

Air .......................... . 424,400 131,421

Water .............. . 102.510 0

Land ............................. 1.000 510

4.4'-Dlpenylmethane

diisocyanate:

Ai .................................. 868.740 285,181

Water ........................... 770 1.022

Land ............................ 6,975 87.165

2,4-Toluene

diisocyanate:

Air ................................... 821.295 226,672

Water .................... 250 0

Land ......................... .... 1,000 1.040

Methyl isocyanate:

Air ................. 286,544 10.175

W ater .............................. 0 0

Land .............................. 0 64

I Chemical Fate Information

A search of chemical fate studies

submitted under TSCA revealed three

biodegradation studies for 4,4'-

diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Ref. 10,

International Isocyanate Institute (1II),

1987a.; Ref. 11, III, 1987b; Ref. 12, III,

1987c). These studies, since they were

conducted in the presence of liquid

water, may be biodegradation tests on

isocyanate hydrolysis products. An EPA

report provided reliable hydrolysis data

for phenyl isocyanate and n-butyl

isocyanate. (Ref. 13, Mill et al., 1984) as

did the results of Castro' et al. (Ref. 5,

1985) for methyl isocyanate. Other

hydrolysis data for methyl isocyanate

and phenyl isocyanate appear to be less

reliable because it is unknown whether

buffers were used to control pH and

because some experiments used a

considerable amount of dioxane (Ref. 15,

Tiger et al., 1971); data for toluene

diisocyanate appear to be less reliable

because experiments were conducted in

the heterogeneous phase, temperature

was not controlled, it is unknown

whether buffers were used to control pH

and because some experiments used

dioxane-water mixtures (Ref. 1,

Aleksandrova et al., 1972; Ref. 4,

Brochhagen and Grieveson, 1984). The

Committee acknowledges that simple

isocyanates hydrolyze rapidly in the

.presence of'liquid water. However, the

Committee recognizes that in the

absence of sufficient quantities of liquid

water, that physical/chemical properties

such as vapor pressure will influence

the fate of isocyanates, especially

partitioning to air. With respect to

partitioning to air and in response to the

Committee's recommendation of health

effects testing for hexamethylene

diisocyanate in the 22nd Report, the

EPA proposed gas-phase hydrolysis

testing to estimate the persistence of

hexamethylene diisocyanate in

workplace air. A previous study' on gasphase hydrolysis of toluene

diisocyanate indicated that loss of

toluene diisocyanate resulted from

adsorption to test chamber walls, not

hydrolysis (Ref. 9 Holdren et al., 1984).

At this time the Committee is not

recommending gas-phase hydrolysis

testing of isocyanates, because it wants

to review the gas-phase hydrolysis test

data for hexamethylene diisocyanate.

However, chemical fate testing is

recommended because data were

insufficient to reasonably determine or

predict physical/chemical properties'

andpersistence.

II. Health Effects Information

Health effects testing information is

being reviewed by the Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA), National

Institute of Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) and Occupational

Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA). Member Agencies are

concerned about the-potential adverse

health effects that may result from

exposure to isocyanates. Available

information suggests that some health

effects testing may be necessary, but

before testing is recommended, the.

Committee wants EPA, NIOSH, OSHA

and other Member Agencies to have an

opportunity to examine any additional

information that is submitted in

response to this Report. A table of

isocyanates for which FYI, TSCA 8(d) or

8(e) health effects studies were

submitted to the EPA and a list of

references for those studies are

contained in the public docket for the

26th ITC Report.

IIl. Ecological Effects Information

No'ecological effects testing is

recommended at this time. A table of

isocyanates for which FYI, TSCA 8(d) or

8(e) ecological effects, bioconcentration

and tissue concentration studies were

submitted to the EPA and a list of

references for those studies are

contained in the public docket for the

26th ITC report. Many of these studies,

since they were performed in liquid

water, may be toxicity tests on

isocyanate hydrolysis products.

References

(1) Aleksandrova, Yu V., Kryuchkov, F.A.,

and Tarakanov, O.G. "Some kinetic

relationships of the water-isocyanate

reaction." Vysokomolekulyarnye

soedineniya. Vol. A14(1):23-29 (1972).

- (2) Aldrich. Catalogue Handbook of Fine

Chemicals. Aldrich Chemical Company,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, pp. 279 and 429

(1988-1989).

(3) Boublick, T., Fried, V., and Hala, E. "The

vapor pressures of pure substances: selected

values of the temperature dependence of the

vapor pressures of some pure substances in

the normal and low region." Amsterdam,

Netherlands: Elsevier Scientific Publishers.

17:697 (1984). ,

(4) Brochhagen, F.K., andGrieveson, B.M.

"Environmental aspects of isocyanates in

water and soil." Cellular Polymers. 3:11-17

(1984).

(5) Castro, A.E., Moodie, R.B., and Sansom.

P.|. "The kinetics of hydrolysis of methyl and

phenyl lsocyanates." Journal of the Chemical

Society. Perkin Transactions II, pp. 737-742

(1985).

(6) Daubert. T.E. and Danner, R.P.

"Physical and thermodynamic properties of

pure chemicals: data compilation." Design

Institute for Physical Property Data,

American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

New York. N.Y.: Hemisphere Publishing Corp.

Vol. 4 (1989).

23057
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

. (7) Dean, I.A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 13th ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw

Hill Book Company, pp. 7-189, 232, 252, 516

(1985).

(8) Hazelton Laboratories. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 8-870000690, microfiche number

OTS0514800. Foam plant stack emission data

report. Washington. DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. (1977).

(9) Holdren, M.W., Spicer, C.W., Riggen

R.M. "Gas phase reaction of toluene

diisocyanate with water vapor." American

Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.

45:626-633 (1984).

(10) International Isocyanate Institute.

TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 8870000652.

microfiche number OTS0515179.

Biodegradability and toxicity biossays of

isocyanates and amines. Washington, DC:

Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1987a].

(11) International Isocyanate Institute.

TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-870000646,

microfiche number OTS0515172.

Biodegradation of toluene diisocyanate and

diphenyl methane diisocyanate. Washington,

DC: Office of Toxic Substances. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1987b).

(12) International Isocyanate Institute.

TSCA Sec. 8(d) submission 86-870000649,

microfiche number OTS0515176. Ecotoxicity

of toluene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane

diisocyanate, toluene diamine, and diphenyl methane. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. (1987c).

(13) Mill, T., Mabey, W.R., Podall. R.T.,

Dulin, D., Drossman, H., Liu, A., Barich, V.,

Jaber, H., Irwin, K. "Data Generation for

Process and Property Constants Used in Fate

Assessments." Final Report. Hydrolysis of Isocyanotes. EPA Contract No. 68-03-2981,

Project Officer LA. Mulkey, Environmental

Protection Agency, Environmental Research

Laboratory, Athens, GA, pp. 18-24 (1984).

(14) Potlatch Corp. TSCA Sec. 8(d)

submission 86-70001300, microfiche number

OTS0515459. Water sample analysis for

priority pollutants with cover letter dated 07/

29/87. Washington. DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. (1987).

(15) Tiger, R.P., Bekhli, LS., and Entelis,

S.G. "The kinetics and mechanism of

isocyanate hydrolysis." Kinetica i Kataliz.

12:318-325 (1971).

(16) Weast, R.C., Astle, MJ., and Beyer,.

W.H. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and

Physics. 66th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC

Press, p. C-353 (1985).

2.4 Recommended chemicals-2.4.a

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)-

Summary of recommended studies. It is

recommended that the BFRs Included In

the list of chemicals following Table 1

(except for those with specific testin8

noted in the Physical and Chemical

Information section and section II of this

chapter) be tested for:

1. Chemicalfate. Physical/chemical

properties and persistence.

2. Health effects. Under review.

3. Ecological effects. 'None.

Physical and Chemical Information

Except for information on physical/

chemical properties of a few commercial

mixtures containing the BFRs included

in the list of chemicals following Table I

and water solubility of

bromochloromethane (9,000 mg/L Ref. 9,

Kirk-Othner, 1978) and 2,4- (or 2,6-)

dibromophenol, homopolymer (1.6 mg/L;

Ref. 14, Velsicol, 1990a), melting point of

bromochloromethane (86.50 C; Ref. 18,

Weast, 1987) and 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-

cyclohexane (202' C; Ref. 4, Hutzinger et

al., 1976] vapor pressure of

bromochloromethane (141 mm Hg at 24"

C; Ref. 10, Kudchadker et al., 1979) and

ethoxylated tetrabromobisphenol A

(10.1 mm Hg at 24* C; Ref. 13, U.S.

Testing, 1985), octanol-water partition

coefficient of bromochloromethane (25.1;

Ref. 5, ISHOW, 1988) and 2,4- (or 2,6-)

dibromophenol, homopolymer (143; Ref.

15, Velsicol, 1990b), the Committee has

no information on measured physical/

chemical properties of the BFRs

included in the list of chemicals

following Table 1.

Rationale for Recommendation

*A. Exposure informationProductionluse/disposal/exposureI

release. The Committee believes that

the BFRs Included In the list of

chemicals following Table 1 may be

commercially available and that several

are produced in substantial volumes;

actual volumes are CBI. In a January 8, 1990 letter to the Brominated Flame

Retardants Industry Panel, the

Committee solicited voluntary

submissions of production, use,

exposure, and release information, as

well as any unpublished health effects,

chemical fate, and environmental effects

data for the first 15 BFRs included in the

list of chemicals following Table 1 (Ref.

6, ITC, 1990). In response to that letter,

Great Lakes Chemical Corporation

(GLCC} indicated that 2,3,4,5,6-

pentabromotoluene and 2,3-

dibromopropanol were inactive products

not manufactured by GLCC, and that

2,4-dibromophenol may be

manufactured by GLCC in Europe, but

that it is not imported into the U.S. (Ref.

2, Great Lakes, 1990). The Committee

appreciates receiving this voluntary information from GLCC. The Committee

wants to review any production, importation or exposure information

that may be submitted by others in

response to this report, before making

any subsequent decisions on these

chemicals. The 16th BFR included in the

list of chemicals following Table I was

identified by the Ferro Corporation as

the analytically correct chemical

description of tribrominated polystryene

which was recommended for testing in

the Committee's 25th Report (Ref. 1,

Ferro Corp., 1990). They suspected "that

no person manufactures or imports

tribrominated polystyrene in the United

States for commercial purposes". The

Committee is examining the information

submitted in response to the 25th Report

on tribrominated polystyrene

The BFRs included in the list of

chemicals following Table 1 (for which

use data was available) may be used as

flame retardants in fire extinguishers

(bromochloromethane), polyester resins

(2,3.4,5,6-pentabromotoluene,

ethoxylated tetrabromobisphenol A],

polystyrene foam (1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo6-cyclohexane), synthetic fibers (vinyl

bromide], and plastics

(tetrabromobisphenol A allyl ether).

B. Evidence for exposureEnvironmental exposure.

Bromochloromethane was measured at

concentrations greater than 10 ng/L in

Lake Ontario, at concentrations ranging

from 5-150 ng/L in Welland River water,

and at 5 ng/L in Niagara Falls, Ontario

chlorinated tap water (Ref. 7, Kaiser and

Camba, 1983; Ref. 8, Kaiser et al., 1983].

Bromochloromethane was also

measured (8 Jlg/L) in a 10 g tissue

sample of rainbow trout taken from the

Colorado River (Ref. 3, Hiatt, 1983).

Vinyl bromide is listed on the Toxics

Release Inventory. In 1987, 53,700

pounds were released to air, in 1988,

4,950 pounds were released to air and

400 pounds were discharged to water.

1. Chemical Fate Information

Except for biodegradation data on

bromochloomethane (Ref. 12, Tabak et

al., 1981), a hexahalocyclohexane

mixture containing 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo6-cyclohexane (Ref. 11, Lickly et al.,

1984) and 2,4- (or 2,6-) dibromophenol,

homopolymer (Ref. 16, Velsicol, 1990c),

the Committee has no chemical fate

information on the BFRs included in the

list of chemicals following Table 1.

Chemical fate testing is recommended

because there are insufficient data to

reasonably determine or predict

physical/chemical properties and

persistence.

II. Health Effects Information

Health effects testing for

bromochloromethane is being reviewed

by the Agency for Toxic Substances and

Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Available information suggests that

some health effects testing may be

necessary, but before testing is

recommended, the Committee wants

ATSDR, EPA and other Member

Agencies to have an opportunity to

23058
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 1 Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

examine any additional information that

is submitted in response to this Report.

A table of BFRs for which FYI. TSCA

section 8(d) or 8(e) health effects studies

were submitted to the EPA and a list of

references for those studies are

contained in the public docket for the

26th ITC Report.

III. Ecological Effects Information

No ecological effects testing is

recommended at this time. A table of

BFRs for which FYI, TSCA section 8(d)

or 8(e) ecological effects studies were

submitted to the EPA and a list of

references for those studies are

contained in the public docket for the

26th ITC Report. The Committee

examined data for 2,3,4,5,6-

pentabromotoluene, including the study

of Zitko and Carson (Ref. 19, 1977)

which demonstrated slow depuration

from Atlantic salmon and the study of

Walsh et al. (Ref. 17, 1987) that reported

a marine algal EC6 o > I mg/L. Available

information suggests that some

environmental effects testing may be

necessary, but before testing is

recommended, the Committee wants to

examine any additional information that

is submitted in response to this Report.

The Committee received permission

from GLCC to send to the EPA as a FYI

submission, the unpublished chemical

fate, health effects, and ecological

effects studies that GLCC voluntarily

submitted (Ref. 2, Great Lakes, 1990).

The studies were assigned FYI-OTS0490-0758 and the EPA document

number 84-900000087. Under 40 CFR

716.20(a)(2), health and safety studies

submitted to EPA as FYI are exempt

from both the copy and list submission

requirements under 40 CFR 716.30 and

716.35; GLCC has no obligation to

resubmit these studies to EPA,

References

(1) Ferro Corporation. Letter from David A.

Wilson, Ferro Corporation, to TSCA Public

Docket No. OPTS 41032, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency.(February 9. 1990).

(2) Great Lakes Chemical Corporation.

Letter from Dennis L McFadden to John

Walker, Interagency Testing Committee

(March 30, 1990).

(3) Hiatt. M.H. "Determination of volatile

organic compounds In fish samples by vacuum distillation and fused silica capillary

gas chromatography mass spectrometry."

Annals of Chemistry. 55:506-516 (1983).

(4) Hutzinger. 0.. Sundstrom. G. Karasek,

F.W., Safe, S. "The chemistry of some

potential polyhalogenated water pollutants."

In: Identification and Analysis of Organic

Pollutants in Water. Keith, L.H., ed. Ann

Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, pp. 15-33 (1976).

(5) ISHOW. "Information System for

Hazardous Organics in Watpr [data base]."-

Baltimore. MD: Chemical Information

Systems, Inc., National Institute of Health/

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [1988).

(6) ITC. Letter from John D. Walker,

Interagency Testing Committee, to David L

McAllister, Brominated Flame Retardants

Industry Panel [January 8, 1990).

(7) Kaiser, K.L.E., and Combs, M.E.

"Volatile contaminants in the Welland River

watershed." Journal of Great Lakes

Research. 9:274-280 (1983).

(8) Kaiser, K.L.E., Comba, M.E., and

Huneault, H. "Volatile halocarbon

contaminants in the Niagara River and In

Lake Ontario."Journal of Great Lakes

Research. 9:212-223 [1983).

() Kirk-Othmer. Kirk-Othmer

Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. New

York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4:252-253

(1978).

(10) Kudchadker, S.A., Shukla, R.P., and

Patnaik, P.R. "Vapor pressures and boiling

points of selected halomethanes." Journal of

Physical Chemical Reference Data. 8:499-517

(1979).

(11) Lickly, T*.D., Rhinehart, W.L., Murphy,

P.G., and Mendoza, C.G. "Aerobic and

anaerobic soil degradation of a

hexahalocyclohexane mixture."

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

3:503-510 (1984).

(12) Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.L.

and Barth, E.F. "Biodegradability studies with

organic priority pollutant compounds."

Journal of the Water Pollution Control

Federation. 53:1503-1518 (1981).

(13) U.S. Testing Co. TSCA FYI submission

FYI-OTS-0490-0756. "Vapor pressure of

bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether) of

tetrabromobisphenol A" Washington, DC:

Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1990).

(14) Velsicol Chemical Corp. TSCA FYI

submission FYI-OTS-0490-0756. "Water

solubility of several flame retardants and

industrial chemicals" Washington. DC: Office

of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency. (1990a).

(15) Velsicol Chemical Corp. TSCA FYI

submission FYI-OTS-.0490-0756. "Partition

coefficient of several flame retardants and

industrial chemicals." Washington. DC:

Office of Toxic Substances, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1990b).

(16) Velsicol Chemical Corp. TSCA FYI

submission FYI-OTS-0490-0756. "Persistence

of FM-935A in soil and its effects on soil

microflora." Washington, DC: Office of Toxic

Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. (1990c).

(17) Walsh, G.E., Yoder, M.J., McLaughin,

L.L. and Lores. E.M. "Responses of marine

algae to brominated organic compounds in 6.

growth media." Ecotoxicology and

Environmental Safety. 14:215-222 (1987).

(18) Weast, R.C. CRC Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics. 68th ed. Boca Raton.

FL CRC Press, Inc., p. C-348 (1987).

(19) Zitko, V. and Carson, W.G. "Uptake

and excretion of chlorinated diphenyl ethers

and brominated toluenes by fish."

Chemosphere 6:293-301 (1977).

2.4.b Alkyl phosphates-Summary of

recommended studies. It is

recommended that the alkyl phosphates

included in the list of chemicals

following Table I be tested for:.

1. Chemical fate. Physical/chemical

properties and persistence.

2. Health effects. None.

3. Ecological effects. None, except tri-nbutyl phosphate. Tri-n-butyl phosphate was

recommended for plant toxicity testing in the

19th report. The EPA published a final rule on

August 14, 1989 (54 FR 33400), and reported

that proposing the early seedling growth test

to determine the toxicity of tri-n-butyl

phosphate to plants was being considered.

The Committee is only rerecommending plant

toxicity testing for tri-n-butyl phosphate.

Physical and Chemical Information

Except for information on physical/

chemical properties of a few commercial

mixtures containing the alkyl

phosphates included in the list of

chemicals following Table 1 and melting

point of triethyl phosphate (-56.4 C),

tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (-70 ° C)

and tris(Z-ethylhexyl) phosphate (-90 ° C)

(Ref 35, Sax and Lewis, 1987), octanolwater partition coefficient of triethyl

phosphate (6.3; Ref. 14, Hansch and Leo,

1985) and Henry's Law Constant of

triethyl phosphate (6.6 x 10-7 atm m3/

mol; Ref. 38, Wolfenden and Williams,

1983), the Committee has no information

on measured physical/chemical

properties of the alkyl phosphates

included in the list of chemicals

following Table 1.

Rationale for Recommendation

A. Exposure informationProduction/use/disposal/exposure!

release. The Committee believes that

the alkyl phosphates included in the list

of chemicals following Table I are

commercially available and that many

are produced in substantial quantities;

actual volumes are CBI. The Committee

recognizes that some of these

commercially-available mono- and dlalkyl phosphates may be potential

degradation products of di- and trialkyl

phosphates included in the list of

chemicals following Table 1. In 1977,

many of the chemicals were produced in

1 to 10 million lbs/year quantities (Ref.

41, TSCAPP, 1990).

Many of the trialkyl phosphates are

used as plasticizers, flame retardants,

lubricant additives, and solvents, and

are found in floor polishes (Ref. 29, Neal

et al., 1988). The Committee is

concerned that these uses may result in

exposure. The other alkyl phosphates

are used as extracting agents for

actinide elements (di-n-butyl phosphate,

bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, di-ndodecyl phosphate, and dodecyl

phosphate), textile and paper processing

compounds (methyl phosphate, n-butyl

phosphate, and diisooctyl phosphate),

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Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

polymerizing agent (methyl phosphate,

diisooctyl phosphate), chemical

intermediates (methyl phosphate and

phosphorodichloridic acid, ethyl ester),

lubricating oil additives (2-ethylhexyl

dihydrogen phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl

phosphate), and rust remover and

inhibitor (methyl phosphate and

diisooctyl phosphate).

B. Evidence for exposure-Human

exposure. Triethyl phosphate has been

detected in drinking water samples in

Canada that were drawn from the Great

Lakes during a period from 1978 to 1983,

in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to

27.1 ppt (Ref. 22, LaBel et al., 1981; Ref.

.46, Williams and LeBel, 1981; Ref. 47,

Williams et al., 1982; Ref. 23, LeBel et al.,

1987) and in concentrations of 1000 ppt

in Rhine River water treated by bank

infiltration (Ref. 33, Piet and Morra,

1983). Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate has

been detected in drinking water samples

in Canada that were drawn from the

Great Lakes during a period from 1978 to

1983, in concentrations ranging from 0.4

to 5400 ppt (Ref. 22, LeBel et al., 1981;

Ref. 46, Williams and LaBel, 1981; Ref.

47, Williams at al., 1982; Ref. 23, LeBel et

al., 1987), and in concentrations equal to

and less than 58.5 ppt in drinking water

in Japan (Ref. 1, Adachi et-al., 1984).

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate has been

detectqd in one of six drinking water

samples in Ontario, Canada and in the

raw water source during 1978-79 in a

concentration of 0.3 ppt (same

concentration in both samples) (Ref. 22,

LeBel et al., 1981). None of the alkyl

phosphates that have been detected in

drinking water are approved as drinking

water additives in the U.S. (Ref. 36,

Saxena, 1990).

Triethyl phosphate has been detected

(no quantitative data available) in food,

predominantly in nut samples taken

during a total diet intake study in the

U.K. (Ref 11, Gilbert et al., 1086). The

food daily intake estimate for tris(2-

butoxyethyl) phosphate from a 1982-84

market basket survey varied from 2.9 to

13.8 ng/kg body weight per day

depending upon the age group (Ref.'13,

Gunderson, 1988). The food daily intake

estimate for tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate

from a 1982-84 market basket survey

varied from 23.2 to 71.0 ng/kg body

weight per day depending upon the age

group (Ref. 13, Gunderson, 1988).

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate has

also been detected in concentrations of

4 to 25 ng/m 3 in the aerosol particle

fraction of indoor air in 1981-82 (Ref. 44,

Weschler, 1984; Ref. 45, Weschler and

Shields, 1986), which was thought to

have arisen from floor finishes (Ref. 10,

* Gasking 1988). Tris(2-ethylhexyl)

phosphate has been detected in

concentrations of 6 ng/m3 in the aerosol

particle fraction of indoor air in 1981-82

at 7 different offices, but not in outdoor

air taken at two of the sites (Ref. 44,

Weschler, 1984; Ref. 45, Weschler and

Shields, 1986).

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was

also detected in 64 out of 160 human

adipose tissue samples taken in Canada

(concentrations of 0.7 to 142.2 ng/g) (Ref.

21, LeBel and Williams, 1986; Ref. 24,

LeBel et al., 1989). It has also been

qualitatively detected in cigarette smoke

({ef. 38, Schumacher et al., 1977).

The National Occupational Exposure

Survey (NOES) conducted during 1981-

83 by NIOSH estimated that 5,855

workers were potentially exposed to

triethyl phosphate; 225,008 workers were

potentially exposed to tris(2-

butoxyethyl) phosphate; 1,209 workers

were potentially exposed to tris(2-

ethylhexyl) phosphate; 7 workers were

potentially exposed to di-n-butyl

phosphate; and 7 workers were

potentially exposed to n-butyl

phosphate (Ref 30, NIOSH, 1989).

Environmental exposure. Triethyl

phosphate has been detected (0.1 to 11.8

ppt, 1982-83) in raw water drawn from

the Great Lakes (Ref. 23, LeBel et al.,

1987), in 2 out of 5 samples from North

Carolina rivers (no quantitative data

given) (Ref. 3, Dietrich et al., 1988), and

in 11 out of 23 sediment samples (0.85 to

8.5 ppb in 1982-83) taken from a fjord In

Denmark (Ref. 20, Kjolholt, 1985). It has

also been found in a number of

groundwater samples (1 to 10 ppm in 1

of 5 samples obtained from a sanitary

landfill in Denmark; Ref. 37, Schultz and

Kjeldsen, 1986) (10 to 15 ppb In samples

taken underneath a landfill in Waterloo,

Canada; Ref. 34, Reinhard et al., 1984)

(0.3 ppb in groundwater underneath a

landfill in Norman, OK; Ref. 5, Dunlap et

al., 1976;). Triethyl phosphate has also

been detected, not quantitated, in

ambient air samples from Japan (Ref. 15,

Haraguchi.et al. 1985).

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate has

been detected In a number of surface

waters including the Delaware River (0.3

to 3 ppb) (Ref. 39, Sheldon and Hites,

1978; Ref. 16, Hites at al., 1979), the

Weser River in Germany (125 ppb) (Ref.

2, Bohlen et al., 1989), and river water

from Osaka, Japan (0.01 to 0.08 pg/L)

(Ref. 18, Kawai at al., 1985). It has also

been detected in a number of industrial

effluents at concentrations of 7.3 to 1607

pg/L (Ref. 29, Neal at al., 1986).

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, besides

being detected at 0.3 ppt in raw water

drawn from the Great Lakes (Ref. 22,

LeBel at al., 1981), has also been

detected in river water samples from

Osaka, Japan (0.33-1.9 ppb) (Ref. 18,

Kawai et al., 1985) and in one of three

rivers in Germany (1-5 ppb) (Ref. 43,

Weber and Ernst, 1983). It has also been

found in samples of 32 different

industrial sources in Japan (no

quantitative data (Ref. 17, Ishikawa eit

al., 1985).

I. Chemical Fate Information

Except for chemical fate information

on commercial mixtures containing alkyl

phosphates, shake flask and semicontinuous activated sludge

biodegradation test data for tris(2-

butoxyethyl) phosphate (Ref. 27,

Monsanto, 1983), the Committee has no

chemical fate information on the alkyl

phosphates included in the list of

chemicals following Table 1. Chemical

fate testing is recommended because

there are insufficient data to reasonably

determine or predict physical/chemical

properties and persistence.

I1. Health Effects Information

No health effects testing is

recommended at this time. The

Committee recognizes that a number of

short-term health effects tests have been

conducted for many of the trialkyl

phosphates (Ref. 8, Eastman Kodak Co.,

1984; Ref. 40, Smyth and Carpenter, 1948;

Ref. 26, MacFarland and Punte, 1966).

Compounds tested for subchronic

toxicity include triethyl phosphate for

which there are two dietary studies

available (Ref. 12, Gumbmann at al.,

1968; Ref. 32, Oishl et al., 1982) and

tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate for which

there Is a National Toxicological Profile

(NTP) prechronic gavage study (Ref. 31,

NTP, 1984), and an inhalation study (Ref.

:26, MacFarland and Punte, 1966). Tris(2-

ethylhexyl) phosphate was tested for

chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity (Ref. 31,

NTP, 1984). Triethyl phosphate was also

tested in a one generation study for

reproductive toxicity (Ref. 12,

Gumbmann et al., 1968). Triethyl

phosphate was tested for genotoxicity

(Ref. 7, Dyer and Hanna, 1973; Ref. 42,

Voogd at al., 1972; Ref. 7, Dyer and

Hanna, 1973; Ref. 4, Degraeve at al.,

1984; Ref. 9, Epstein at al., 1972; Ref. 8,

Eastman Kodak Co., 1984). Available

information suggests that some health

effects testing may be necessary, but

before testing is recommended, the

Committee wants to examine any

additional Information that is submitted

in response to this Report.

III. Ecological Effects Information

No ecological effects testing is

recommended at this time. The

Committee recognizes that acute LC*o

values areavailable for triethyl phosphate for freshwater and saltwater

ItS- i --.r

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Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 1990 / Notices

fish (Ref. 8, Eastman Kodak Co., 1984;

Ref. 25, Loeb and Kelly, 1963; Ref. 19,

Knie et al., 1983). The Committee also

recognizes that LC5o values for tris(2-

butoxyethyl) phosphate are available for

fathead minnows and daphnids (Ref. 28,

Monsanto, 1985). The Committee

recognizes that trialkyl phosphates may

have a different mode of action than

*mono- and di-alkyl phosphates which

may act as surfactants in acute toxicity

tests. Available information suggests

that some ecological effects testing may

be necessary, but before testing is

recommended, the Committee wants to

examine any additional information that

' is submitted in response to this report.

References

({) Adachi, K., Mitsuhashi, T. and Ohkuni.

N. "Pesticides and trialkyl phosphates in tap

water." Hyogo-ken Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyo

Hokoko. 19:1-6 (1984).

(2) Bohlen, H., Hicke, K., Stoebel, A.O.,

Zierott, M. and Thiemann, W.

"Contamination of the lower part of the

Weser River by organochiorine and

organophosphorus compounds." Vain

Wasser. 72:185-197 (1989).

(3) Dietrich, A.M., Millington, D.S., and Sea,

Y.H. "Specific identification of synthetic

organic chemicals in river water using liquidliquid extraction and resin adsorption

coupled with electron impact, chemical

Ionization and accurate mass measurement

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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