CHAPTER 2. MARKET ASSESSMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

2.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1.1 Three-Phase Air-Cooled Commercial Air-Conditioning and Heating 

Equipment ............................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1.2 Water-Source Heat Pumps ................................................................................... 2-2

2.1.3 Federal Energy Conservation Standards .............................................................. 2-2

2.1.4 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 Efficiency Levels ................................................ 2-3

2.2 MARKET ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 2-4

2.2.1 Trade Associations ............................................................................................... 2-4

2.2.2 Manufacturers ...................................................................................................... 2-5

2.2.3 Market Performance Data .................................................................................... 2-7

2.2.3.1 Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Air Conditioners and 

Heat Pumps ................................................................................................ 2-7

2.2.3.2 Water-Source Heat Pumps ....................................................................... 2-12

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 2-17

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 2.1.1 Current Federal Energy Conservation Standards for Small Three-Phase 

Commercial Air-Cooled Air-Conditioning and Heating Equipment and 

Water-Source Heat Pumps ............................................................................. 2-3

Table 2.1.2 Equipment Classes with Updated Efficiency Levels in ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1-2013 ........................................................................................ 2-4

Table 2.2.1 Manufacturers of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Air 

Conditioners and Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h................................................ 2-6

Table 2.2.2 Manufacturers of Commercial Water-Source Heat Pumps ........................... 2-7

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 2.2.1 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled 

Single Package Air Conditioners <65,000 Btu/h ........................................... 2-8

Figure 2.2.2 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Split 

System Air Conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h ....................................................... 2-9

Figure 2.2.3 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled 

Single Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ................................................ 2-10

Figure 2.2.4 HSPF Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled 

Single Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ................................................ 2-10

2-i 
Figure 2.2.5 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Split 

System Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ............................................................. 2-11

Figure 2.2.6 HSPF Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Split 

System Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ............................................................. 2-12

Figure 2.2.7 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h .................... 2-13

Figure 2.2.8 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h .................... 2-13

Figure 2.2.9 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 

Btu/h ............................................................................................................. 2-14

Figure 2.2.10 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 

Btu/h ............................................................................................................. 2-15

Figure 2.2.11 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – 

<135,00 Btu/h .............................................................................................. 2-16

Figure 2.2.12 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – 

<135,00 Btu/h .............................................................................................. 2-16

2-ii
CHAPTER 2. MARKET ASSESSMENT

2.1 BACKGROUND

The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers 

(ASHRAE) released an updated version of the American National Standards Institute 

(ANSI)/ASHRAE/Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Standard 90.1 (hereinafter referred to 

as ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013) on October 9, 2013. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 included 

increased efficiency levels for small three-phase commercial air-cooled air-conditioning and 

heating equipment with less than 65,000 Btu/h cooling capacity and water-source heat pumps 

(triggering a review by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) of the minimum standards for 

these equipment classes).

2.1.1 Three-Phase Air-Cooled Commercial Air-Conditioning and Heating Equipment

Three-phase air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps are part of a subset of 

commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment. The Energy Policy and 

Conservation Act (EPCA) defines “commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment” 

as “air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporatively-cooled, or water-source (not including ground watersource) electrically operated, unitary central air conditioners and central air conditioning heat 

pumps for commercial application.” (42 U.S.C. 6311(8)(A)) 

 Air conditioners use a refrigeration cycle to cool an indoor space by moving heat from 

the cold location to a hotter location by means of evaporating and condensing a fluid, typically a 

refrigerant. An air conditioner typically has four major components: a compressor, condenser 

coil, expansion valve, and evaporator coil. The compressor turns the refrigerant from a low 

pressure gas into a high pressure gas, which raises the temperature of the gas. At the next step, 

the condenser coil convects the heat from the hot refrigerant, which condenses into a liquid, still 

at a high temperature and high pressure. This liquid refrigerant then goes through an expansion 

valve that lowers its pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator coil. The evaporator 

coil cools the indoor air by transferring heat from the indoor air to the low temperature 

refrigerant. Heat pumps can reverse the refrigeration cycle to draw heat from cooler external air 

and release it into the indoor space to heat it. 

The Federal energy conservation standards for air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps 

are differentiated based on the cooling capacity (i.e., small, large, or very large). For small 

equipment, there is an additional disaggregation into: (1) equipment less than 65,000 Btu/h and 

(2) equipment greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h and less than 135,000 Btu/h. ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1-2013 also differentiates the equipment that is less than 65,000 Btu/h into split 

system and single package subcategories. In the past, DOE has followed the same 

disaggregation. However, when the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 

increased the efficiency levels to identical levels across single package and split system 

equipment, effective in 2008, DOE combined the equipment classes in the Code of Federal 

Regulations (CFR), resulting in only two equipment classes, one for air conditioners and one for 

heat pumps. Because ASHRAE has increased the standard for only single package air 

conditioners, and has increased the heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) level to a more 

2-1 
stringent level for split system heat pumps than for single package heat pumps, and DOE is 

obligated to adopt, at a minimum, the increased level in ASHRAE 90.1-2013 for that equipment 

class, DOE proposes to re-create separate equipment classes for single package and split system 

equipment in the overall equipment classes of small commercial package air conditioners and 

heat pumps (three-phase air-cooled) less than 65,000 Btu/h. DOE is reviewing standards for 

single package equipment under the ASHRAE trigger (42 U.S.C 6313(a)(6)(A)) and split system 

equipment under the 6 year look back provision (42 U.S.C. 6313(a)(6)(C)(i)), as described in 

Chapter 1. 

2.1.2 Water-Source Heat Pumps

Water source heat pumps are also part of a subset of commercial package airconditioning and heating equipment as defined by EPCA. However, EPCA does not further 

define this equipment. 

 According to the ASHRAE Handbook, “A water-source heat pump is a single-package 

reverse-cycle heat pump that uses water as the heat source for heating and as the heat sink for 

cooling. The main components are a compressor, refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, 

refrigerant-to-air heat exchanger, refrigerant expansion devices, and refrigerant reversing valve. 

....A water-loop heat pump uses a circulating water loop as the heat source and heat sink. When 

loop water temperature exceeds a certain level during cooling, a cooling tower dissipates heat 

from the water loop into the atmosphere. When loop water temperature drops below a prescribed 

level during heating, heat is added to the circulating loop water, usually with a boiler.”1

Decentralized systems using multiple water source heat pumps on a shared circulating water loop 

are common. Water-loop heat pumps systems are popular in multi-room buildings such as office 

buildings, where heat gains can be redistributed from interior to perimeter zones. Water-source 

heat pumps are manufactured in both horizontal and vertical configurations.1

EPCA and ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 both further divide this equipment into three 

categories based on cooling capacity ranges: (1) <17,000 Btu/h; (2) ≥17,000 and <65,000 Btu/h; 

and (3) ≥65,000 and <135,000 Btu/h. 

 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changed the name of this equipment class from “watersource” to “water to air, water loop.” DOE believes this to be an editorial change only and that 

this new nomenclature refers to the same water-source heat pump equipment covered by Federal 

energy conservation standards. ASHRAE also changed the descriptor for this equipment from 

COP to COPH. DOE believes this is also an editorial change to clarify the difference between 

COP for refrigeration and COP for heat pumps. 

2.1.3 Federal Energy Conservation Standards 

On January 12, 2001, DOE published in the Federal Register a final rule promulgating 

the current standards for all three equipment classes of water source heat pumps relevant to this 

rulemaking. 66 FR 3336. This final rule adopted the energy conservation standards set by 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999. 

The existing energy conservation standards for all classes of air-cooled three-phase air 

conditioners and heat pumps less than 65,000 Btu/h were established by the EISA 2007 

2-2 
amendments to EPCA. These standards were codified by DOE in a Technical Amendment 

published in the Federal Register on March 23, 2009. 74 FR 12058. 

Table 2.1.1 shows the current Federal energy conservation levels for equipment classes 

where ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 increased the standard levels in comparison to the Federal 

levels. 

Table 2.1.1 Current Federal Energy Conservation Standards for Small Three-Phase 

Commercial Air-Cooled Air-Conditioning and Heating Equipment and 

Water-Source Heat Pumps

Equipment Type Cooling Capacity Subcategory Federal Standard

Small Commercial 

Packaged AirConditioning and Heating 

Equipment, Air-cooled 3- 

Phase

<65,000 Btu/h

AC 13.0 SEER

HP 13.0 SEER

7.7 HSPF

Small Commercial 

Packaged Air 

Conditioning and Heating 

Equipment, Water Source

<17,000 Btu/h HP 11.2 EER

4.2 COP

≥17,000 Btu/h and <65,000 Btu/h HP 12.0 EER

4.2 COP

≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h HP 12.0 EER

4.2 COP

2.1.4 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 Efficiency Levels 

Table 2.1.2 shows the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 efficiency levels for the updated 

equipment classes along with the currently applicable Federal minimum efficiency standards for 

comparison. 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 raised the efficiency levels in comparison to the current 

Federal minimum energy conservation standards for three equipment classes of small threephase commercial air-cooled air-conditioners and heat pumps and three equipment classes of 

water-source heat pump. DOE assessed the current market for each equipment class. DOE also 

assessed the current market for split system air conditioners even though ASHRAE Standard 

90.1-2013 did not raise the efficiency level for that equipment. The market assessment for all 

equipment classes is described in the sections that follow. 

2-3 
Table 2.1.2 Equipment Classes with Updated Efficiency Levels in ASHRAE Standard 

90.1-2013 

ASHRAE Equipment Type Size Category Subcategory ASHRAE Standard 

90.1-2013

Federal 

Minimum 

Energy 

Conservation 

Standards

Air conditioners, air-cooled <65,000 Btu/h

Split System 13.0 SEER* 13.0 SEER

Single package 14.0 SEER 

(as of 1/1/2015) 13.0 SEER

Heat pumps, air-cooled <65,000 Btu/h

Split System

14.0 SEER 

8.2 HSPF 

(as of 1/1/2015)

13.0 SEER

7.7 HSPF

Single package

14.0 SEER 

8.0 HSPF 

(as of 1/1/2015)

13.0 SEER

7.7 HSPF

Heat pumps, water to air, 

water loop

<17,000 Btu/h N/A 12.2 EER

4.3 COP

11.2 EER

4.2 COP

≥17,000 and 

<65,000Btu/h N/A 13.0 EER4.3 COP

12.0 EER

4.2 COP

≥65,000 and 

<135,000Btu/h N/A 13.0 EER4.3 COP

12.0 EER

4.2 COP

*This efficiency level was not updated in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 but is included here as it is part of the same 

equipment class in the current Federal standards.

2.2 MARKET ASSESSMENT

The following market assessment identifies the manufacturer trade associations and 

domestic and international manufacturers of small three-phase commercial air conditioners and 

heat pumps, and water-source heat pumps. The market assessment also summarizes the relevant 

market performance data for each equipment class where such data are available.

2.2.1 Trade Associations 

DOE researched various trade groups who represent manufacturers, distributors, and 

installers of the various types of equipment being analyzed in this rulemaking. The AirConditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) is one of the largest trade associations 

for manufacturers of space-heating, cooling, and water-heating equipment, representing more 

than 90% of the residential and commercial air-conditioning, space-heating, water-heating, and 

commercial refrigeration equipment manufactured in the United States.

2

 AHRI also develops and 

publishes test procedures standards for residential and commercial heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) equipment and coordinates with the International Organization for 

Standardization (ISO) to help harmonize U.S. standards with international standards, if feasible. 

AHRI also maintains the AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance that lists all the 

products and equipment that have been certified by AHRI. 

2-4 
Heating, Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Distributors International (HARDI) is a trade 

association that represents over 450 wholesale heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and 

refrigeration (HVACR) companies plus over 300 manufacturing associates and nearly 140 

manufacturing representatives. HARDI estimates that 80% of the revenue of HVACR systems 

goes through its members.3

Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) is another trade association whose 

members include over 4,000 contractors and 60,000 professionals. ACCA provides contractors 

technical, legal, and market resources, helping to promote good practices and to keep buildings 

safe, clean, and affordable.4

2.2.2 Manufacturers

DOE identified 23 parent companies (comprising 61 manufacturers) of small three-phase 

air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps and 18 parent companies (comprising 21 

manufacturers) of water-source heat pumps. The manufacturers for each equipment class are 

listed in Table 2.2.1and Table 2.2.2. 

2-5 
Table 2.2.1 Manufacturers of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Air 

Conditioners and Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h 

Aaon, Inc. Eair Llc Johnson Controls

• Coleman

• Evcon 

• Fraser

• Guardian

• Johnson Controls

• Luxaire 

• York

Nordyne

• Broan 

• Frigidaire 

• Gibson 

• Kelvinator 

• Mammoth, Inc.

• Maytag 

• Miller

• Nordyne 

• Nutone 

• Philco 

• Tappan

• Westinghouse

Addison Ecotemp Kenmore Rheem Sales Company, Inc

• Rheem Manufacturing

• United Refrigeration Inc – 

Thermal Zone

Aerosys Gd Midea Heating & 

Ventilating Equipment 

Co., Ltd.

Klimaire Products Inc. United Cool Air

Air Green Corporation Heat Controller, Inc. Lennox International

• Airease

• Armstrong Air 

Conditioning, Inc

• Concord

• Ducane

• Lennox Industries, Inc.

United Technologies 

Corporation

• Airquest

• Arcoaire 

• Bryant Heating And 

Cooling Systems

• Carrier Air Conditioning

• Comfortmaker

• Day & Night

• Grandaire

• Heil 

• Icp Commercial

• Keeprite 

• Maratherm 

• Payne Heating And 

Cooling 

• Tempstar

Bard Manufacturing 

Company

Ingersoll-Rand

• American Standard

• Trane

Msh Legacy – Maintenance 

Supply Headquarters LP

Xenon

Daikin Industries

• AAF International

• Daikin

• Daikin Americas

• Goodman 

Manufacturing

Innovair Zamil Air Conditioners & 

Home Appliances Co. 

(L.L.C.) – Zamil Industrial

2-6 
Table 2.2.2 Manufacturers of Commercial Water-Source Heat Pumps

Addison

Bard Manufacturing Company

Climate Master, Inc.

Coldflo Inc.

Cold Point Corporation

Daikin

• McQuay International

Enertech Global,Llc.

Robert Bosch GMBH

• Fhp Manufacturing

First Operations Lp, Dba First Co.

Geomaster, Llc.

Geosmart Energy Inc.

Ingersoll-Rand

• American Standard

• Trane

Johnson Controls, Inc.

• Johnson Controls

• York

Rheem Manufacturing

United Cool Air

United Technologies Corporation

Carrier Air Conditioning

Waterfurnace International, Inc.

• Geostar

• Waterfurnace

The Whalen Company

2.2.3 Market Performance Data

For each equipment class analyzed, DOE gathered market data to characterize the 

efficiency and performance of models currently on the market. DOE reviewed data for small 

three-phase commercial air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps, and water-source heat 

pumps currently on the market by examining the AHRI Directory of Certified Product 

Performance.

5

 

2.2.3.1 Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Air Conditioners and Heat 

Pumps

Single Package Air Conditioners. Small three-phase commercial air-cooled single 

package air conditioners have a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h and include the 

2-7 
condenser and evaporator in the same cabinet. The Federal energy conservation standard for this 

equipment is 13.0 SEER (seasonal energy efficiency ratio) (10 CFR 431.97). ASHRAE Standard 

90.1-2013 changes the efficiency rating to 14.0 SEER as of January 1, 2015. Figure 2.2.1 shows 

the distribution of SEER values for this equipment. The average SEER value for this equipment 

class is 14.3. Of the models identified by DOE, 1,450 (45 percent of the total models) have 

SEERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 

Figure 2.2.1 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Single 

Package Air Conditioners <65,000 Btu/h 

Split System Air Conditioners. Small three-phase commercial air-cooled split system

air conditioners have a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h. The outdoor cabinet contains 

the condenser and the indoor cabinet contains the evaporator. The Federal energy conservation 

standard for this equipment is 13.0 SEER (seasonal energy efficiency ratio) (10 CFR 431.97). 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 did not change the efficiency rating for this equipment. Figure 

2.2.2 shows the distribution of SEER values for this equipment. The average SEER value for 

this equipment class is 13.85. 

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

13 13.1 -

13.5

13.6 -

14

14.1 -

14.5

15.6 -

15

15.1 -

15.5

15.6 -

16

16.1 -

16.5

16.6 -

17

17.1 -

17.5

17.6 -

18

18.1 -

18.5

18.6 -

19.15

Frequency

SEER

2-8 
Figure 2.2.2 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Split System 

Air Conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h 

Single Package Heat Pumps. Small three-phase commercial air-cooled single package 

heat pumps have a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h and include the condenser and 

evaporator in the same cabinet. The Federal energy conservation standard for this equipment is 

13.0 SEER and 7.7 HSPF (10 CFR 431.97). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the 

efficiency ratings to 14.0 SEER and 8.0 HSPF as of January 1, 2015. Figure 2.2.3 and Figure 

2.2.4 show the distributions of SEER and HSPF values for this equipment. The average SEER 

value for this equipment class is 14.0. Of the models identified by DOE, 653 (54 percent of the 

total models) have SEERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average 

HSPF value for this equipment class is 7.9. Of the models identified by DOE, 632 (52% of the 

total models) have HSPFs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

13 13.1 -

13.5

13.6 -

14

14.1 -

14.5

14.6 -

15

15.1 -

15.5

15.6 -

16

16.1 -

16.5

16.6 -

17

17.1 -

17.5

17.6 -

18

18.1 -

18.5

18.6 -

19.15

Frequency

SEER

2-9 
Figure 2.2.3 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Single 

Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h 

Figure 2.2.4 HSPF Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Single 

Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h 

Split System Heat Pumps. Small three-phase commercial air-cooled split system heat 

pumps have a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h. The outdoor cabinet contains the 

compressor and condenser, while the indoor cabinet contains the evaporator. The Federal energy 

conservation standard for this equipment is 13.0 SEER and 7.7 HSPF (10 CFR 431.97). 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

13 13. 1 - 14 14.1 - 15 15.1 - 16 16.1 - 17 17.1 - 18.05

Frequency

SEER

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

7.7 7.75 - 8 8.05 - 8.3 8.35 - 8.6 8.65 - 8.9 8.95 - 9.2 9.25 - 9.3

Frequency

HSPF

2-10 
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 14.0 SEER and 8.2 HSPF as of 

January 1, 2015. Figure 2.2.5 and Figure 2.2.6 show the distributions of SEER and HSPF values 

for this equipment. The average SEER value for this equipment class is 13.7. Of the models 

identified by DOE, 30,009 (64 percent of the total models) have SEERs rated below the 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average HSPF for this equipment class is 7.9. Of the 

models identified by DOE, 36,902 (79% of the total models) have HSPFs rated below the 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 

Figure 2.2.5 SEER Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Split System 

Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h 

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

13 13.1 - 13.5 13.6 - 14 14.1 - 14.5 14.6 - 15 15.1 - 15.5 15.6 - 16.2

Frequency

SEER

2-11 
Figure 2.2.6 HSPF Histogram of Small Three-Phase Commercial Air-Cooled Split System 

Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h 

2.2.3.2 Water-Source Heat Pumps

Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h. Small water-source heat pumps are 

individual packaged units that transfer heat using a water loop. The Federal energy conservation 

standards for water-source heat pumps with a cooling capacity less than 17,000 Btu/h are 11.2 

EER (energy efficiency ratio) and 4.2 COP (coefficient of performance) (10 CFR 431.97). 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 12.0 EER and 4.3 COP. Figure 

2.2.7 and Figure 2.2.8 show the distribution of EERs and COPs for this equipment. The average 

EER value for this equipment class is 13.8. Of the models identified by DOE, 34 (six percent of 

the total models) have EERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average 

COP value for this equipment class is 4.7. Of the models identified by DOE, 30 (five percent of 

the total models) have COPs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

7.7 7.75 -

7.95

8.0 - 8.2 8.25 -

8.45

8.5 - 8.7 8.75 -

8.95

9.0 - 9.2 9.25 -

9.45

9.5 - 9.7

Frequency

HSPF

2-12 
Figure 2.2.7 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h 

Figure 2.2.8 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h 

Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h. The Federal energy conservation 

standards for water-source heat pumps with a cooling capacity greater than or equal to 17,000 

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

11.2 11.25 - 12.2 12.3 - 13.2 13.3 - 14.2 14.3 - 15.2 15.3 - 16.2 16.3 - 17.2 17.3 - 18.1

Frequency

EER

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Frequency

COP

2-13 
Btu/h and less than 65,000 Btu/h are 12.0 EER and 4.2 COP (10 CFR 431.97). ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 13.0 EER and 4.3 COP. Figure 2.2.9 and 

Figure 2.2.10 show the distribution of EERs and COPs for this equipment. The average EER 

value for this equipment class is 15.2. Of the models identified by DOE, 72 (two percent of the 

total models) have EERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average COP 

value for this equipment class is 4.9. Of the models identified by DOE, 133 (four percent of the 

total models) have COPs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels.

Figure 2.2.9 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

12 12.1 -

13

13.1 -

14

14.1 -

15

15.1 -

16

16.1 -

17

17.1 -

18

18.1 -

19

19.1-

20

20.1 -

21

21.1 -

21.6

Frequency

EER

2-14 
Figure 2.2.10 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h 

Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,000 Btu/h. The Federal energy 

conservation standards for water-source heat pumps with a cooling capacity greater than or equal 

to 65,000 Btu/h and less than 135,000 Btu/h are 12.0 EER and 4.2 COP (10 CFR 431.97). 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 13.0 EER and 4.3 COP. Figure 

2.2.11 and Figure 2.2.12 show the distribution of EERs and COPs for this equipment. The 

average EER value for this equipment class is 14.7. Of the models identified by DOE, five (one 

percent of the total models) have EERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 

The average COP value for this equipment class is 4.8. Of the models identified by DOE, two

(0.5 percent of the total models) have COPs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 

levels.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Frequency

COP

2-15 
Figure 2.2.11 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,00 Btu/h 

Figure 2.2.12 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,00 Btu/h 

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

12 12.1 - 13 13.1 - 14 14.1 - 15 15.1 - 16 16.1 - 17 17.1 - 17.2

Frequency

EER

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

4.2 4.21 -

4.30

4.31 -

4.40

4.41 -

4.50

4.51 -

4.60

4.61 -

4.70

4.71 -

4.80

4.81-

4.90

4.91 -

5.00

5.01 -

5.10

5.11 -

5.20

5.21 -

5.30

5.31 -

5.40

5.41 -

5.50

5.51 -

5.60

Frequency

COP

2-16 
REFERENCES

1

 2012 ASHRAE Handbook, Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems and 

Equipment. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. Chapters 9 and 49. 

2 Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Website. About Us. 2013. (Last accessed 

February 10, 2014.) <www.ari.org/site/318/About-Us> 

3 Heating, Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Distributors International Website. About HARDI. 

2014. (Last accessed February 10, 2014.) <www.hardinet.org/about-hardi-0> 

4

 Air Conditioning Contractors of America Website. About ACCA. 2014. (Last accessed 

February 10, 2014.) <www.acca.org/acca> 

5 AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance. 2013. (Last accessed November 11, 2013.) 

<www.ahridirectory.org> 

2-17