# Primary Production.V2.11.25.09.xls

Author: Abt Associates Inc. Created: 11/25/09

Worksheet Description

Raw Data Raw study values for primary production included in the review of the literature

Appendix Summary data and calculations for primary productivity values Purpose: Contains study values for primary production used in the habitat-based analysis of nonuse values.

File Info 1 of 15C to dw biomass conversion

Species Rate Reference

Zostera marina 0.38 Thom et al. 1988 Thalassia testudinum 0.3635 Typha 0.402 Esteves et al. 2008 Macrocystis 0.33 dw to wet weight conversion for SAV

Rate Reference

0.08 Hanlon et al. 2000

Note: used midpoint of ranges when converting to dry weight Dominant Species ANPP Units kg dw acre -1 yr-1 Method Location Reference Zostera marina 0.6325 g dw m-2 d-1 934 average annual productivity Maine *Beal et al. 2004

Zostera marina 0.87-3.02 g C m -2 d -2 7,561 reports measurements from a coastal pond and tidal river throughout the summer Rhode Island *Nixon and Oviatt 1972 Zostera marina 0.84 g C m -2 d -2 3,265 Chesapeake Bay Murray and Wetzel 1987 Zostera marina 1.03 g C m -2 d -2 4,004 Chesapeake Bay Murray and Wetzel 1987 Zostera marina 0.31 g C m -2 d -2 1,205 Chesapeake Bay Rizzo and Wetzel 1985

Zostera marina 0.96 - 1.87 g C m -2 d -1 5,500 measure export of detritus from two grassbeds and an open-water bed North Carolina Bach et al. 1986 Thalassia testudinum 0.1-4.7 g dw/m 2/day 3,570 Western Florida (Gulf) Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum 0.1-3.6 g dw/m 2/day 2,831 Western Florida (Gulf) Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum 0.1-2.7 g dw/m 2/day 1,920 Western Florida (Gulf) Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum 0.1-1.4 g dw/m 2/day 1,329 Western Florida (Gulf) Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum 218.49 g C m -2 yr-1 2,433 leaf tissue Texas Kaldy and Dunton 2000 Typha latifolia 715 g C m -2 yr-1 7,198 aboveground NPP California Rocha and Goulden 2009 Typha latifolia 10247.004 g dw acre -1 yr-1 10,247 Utah *Smith and Kadlec (1985) Typha spp. 5463.45 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,463 Wisconsin *Gustafson (1976) Typha Glauca 2590.08 g dw acre -1 yr-1 2,590 Minnesota *Penko and Pratt (1986) Typha latifolia 2023.5 g dw acre -1 yr-1 2,024 Michigan *Grace and Wetzel (1982) Typha angustifolia 5665.8 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,666 Michigan *Grace and Wetzel (1982) Typha Glauca 7284.6 g dw acre -1 yr-1 7,285 Michigan *Grace and Wetzel (1982) Typha spp. 9,296 g dw acre -1 yr-1 9,296 Louisiana *van der Valk and Davis (1978)

Typha (macrophytes) 689 g dw m -2 yr -1 2,788 Ohio Mitsch et al 2002 Typha (macrophytes) 519 g dw m -2 yr -1 2,100 Ohio Mitsch et al 2002 Typha spp. assemblage 12970.635 g dw acre -1 yr-1 12,971 New Jersey *Keefe (1972) Typha spp. 5,342 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,342 New Jersey *Whigham and Simpson (1975) Typha latifolia 6254.6385 g dw acre -1 yr-1 6,255 New York (Long Island) *Keefe (1972) Typha spp. 7,560 g dw acre -1 yr-1 7,560 Maryland *Johnson (1970) Spartina alterniflora 6,483 g dw acre -1 yr-1 6,483 Maine Reimold and Linthurst (1977) Spartina alterniflora 6,520 g dw acre -1 yr-1 6,520 Maine Reimold and Linthurst (1977) Spartina alterniflora 2,064 g dw acre -1 yr-1 2,064 Massachusetts Valiela, Teal, and Sass (1975) calculated from short shoot density*short shoot density. Areal blade productivity values.

aboveground NPP of all macrophytes for two wetlands (Typha species dominate approx. 6.9% and 16.1%, respectively)

Raw Data 2 of 15Dominant Species ANPP Units kg dw acre -1 yr-1 Method Location Reference Spartina alterniflora 3,319 g dw acre -1 yr-1 3,319 Connecticut Steever (1972) Spartina alterniflora 1,416 g dw acre -1 yr-1 1,416 Connecticut Steever (1972) Spartina alterniflora 5,909 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,909 New Jersey Walton (1972) Spartina alterniflora 2,388 g dw acre -1 yr-1 2,388 New Jersey Walton (1972) Spartina alterniflora 1,902 g dw acre -1 yr-1 1,902 New Jersey Walton (1972) Spartina alterniflora 1,849 g dw acre -1 yr-1 1,849 Maryland Cahoon (1975) Spartina alterniflora 1,465 g dw acre -1 yr-1 1,465 Virginia Mendelssohn and Marcellus (1976) Spartina alterniflora 5,245 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,245 North Carolina Stroud and Cooper (1968) Spartina alterniflora 1,331 g dw acre -1 yr-1 1,331 North Carolina Stroud and Cooper (1968) Spartina alterniflora 1,497 g dw acre -1 yr-1 1,497 North Carolina Marshall (1970) Spartina alterniflora 2,469 g dw acre -1 yr-1 2,469 North Carolina Marshall (1970) Spartina alterniflora 5,261 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,261 North Carolina Marshall (1970) Spartina alterniflora 16,148 g dw acre -1 yr-1 16,148 Georgia Odum and Fanning (1973) Spartina alterniflora 9,559 g dw acre -1 yr-1 9,559 Georgia Odum and Fanning (1973) Spartina alterniflora 7,948 g dw acre -1 yr-1 7,948 Mississippi de la Cruz (1974) Spartina alterniflora 4,407 g dw acre -1 yr-1 4,407 Mississippi de la Cruz (1974) Spartina alterniflora 8,203 g dw acre -1 yr-1 8,203 Louisiana Kirby (1972) Spartina alterniflora 4,711 g dw acre -1 yr-1 4,711 Louisiana Kirby (1972) Spartina alterniflora 10,704 g dw acre -1 yr-1 10,704 Louisiana Kirby and Gooselink (1976) Spartina alterniflora 5,354 g dw acre -1 yr-1 5,354 Louisiana Kirby and Gooselink (1976)

Macrocystis spp. 350-1500 g C m -2 yr-1 11,344 reviews generalizations of Kain's and Mann's complete reviews California Dayton 1985 Macrocystis pyrifera 0.12 kg C/m 2/yr 1,472 measurements collected monthly (NPP) California *Rassaweiler 2000 Macrocystis pyrifera 0.66 kg C/m 2/yr 8,094 measurements collected monthly (NPP) California *Rassaweiler 2001 Macrocystis pyrifera 0.68 kg C/m 2/yr 8,339 measurements collected monthly (NPP) California *Rassaweiler 2002 Laminaria saccharina 1202 g C m -2 yr-1 14,741 Rhode Island Brady-Campbell et al 1984

Laminaria saccharina 3531 g C m -2 yr-2 43,303 Rhode Island Brady-Campbell et al 1985 Laminaria saccharina 1099 g C m -2 yr-3 13,478 Rhode Island Brady-Campbell et al 1986

Zostera marina 1.51 g C m -2 d -2 5,870 Lake Grevelingen (Netherlands) Lindeboom and De Bree 1982

Zostera marina 0.09 g C m -2 d -2 350 Lake Grevelingen (Netherlands) Nienhuis and Groenendijk 1986

Zostera marina 0.44 g C m -2 d -2 1,710 above ground measurements Lake Grevelingen (Netherlands) Pellikaan and Nienhuis 1988 Thalassia testudinum 121.94 g C m -2 yr-1 1,358 rhizome tissue Texas Kaldy and Dunton 2000 Macrocystis pyrifera 7 g C m -2 day -1 31,334 California *Towle and Pearse 1973 Macrocystis pyrifera 12 g C m -2 day -1 53,715 California *McFarland and Prescott 1959 Macrocystis pyrifera 9.5 g C m -2 dy -1 42,524 maximum rate extrapolated from mid-summer meas. southern California Jackson 1977 Typha latifolia 258 g C m -2 yr-1 2,597 belowground NPP California Rocha and Goulden 2009 Typha latifolia 507 g C m -2 yr-1 5,104 total NPP California Rocha and Goulden 2009

Typha spp. 9.5 g/m 2/day 14,033 average of four local freshwater marshes New Jersey *Jervis 1969 - exclude due to lack of info regarding wet or dry weight Zostera marina 55-182 g C m -2 yr-2 1,262 roots and rhizomes only North Carolina Kenworthy and Thayer 1984

Thalassia testudinum 0.7-64 g O 2/m 2/day diurnal curve measurements of O 2 and CO 2 downstream from springs (range is variation between rainy and sunny day) Florida Keys *Odum 1957 Zostera marina 1.65-2.89 g C m -2 d -2 8,824 Alaska *Wetzel and Penhale 1983 Macrocystis integrifolia 1000-1300 g C m -2 yr-1 14,103 carbon input to forest of ocean bottom British Columbia *Wheeler and Druehl 1986 these may be overestimations because no distinction is made between the juvenile and the adults The mean and median primary productivity for the 2 stations within Narragansett Bay (2366 and 962 g C m- 'yr-l, respectively) were calculated by pooling data from the Narragansett Bay sample stations.

Raw Data 3 of 15

# Dominant Species Location ANPP (kg dw acre -1 

# yr -1 

# ) Reference Notes

Spartina alterniflora North Atlantic 6,483 Reimold and Linthurst 1977 Spartina alterniflora North Atlantic 6,520 Reimold and Linthurst 1977 Spartina alterniflora North Atlantic 2,064 Valiela, Teal, and Sass 1975 Spartina alterniflora North Atlantic 3,319 Steever (1972) Spartina alterniflora North Atlantic 1,416 Steever (1972) Spartina alterniflora Mid Atlantic 5,909 Walton (1972) Spartina alterniflora Mid Atlantic 2,388 Walton (1972) Spartina alterniflora Mid Atlantic 1,902 Walton (1972) Spartina alterniflora Mid Atlantic 1,849 Cahoon (1975) Spartina alterniflora Mid Atlantic 1,465 Mendelssohn and Marcellus (1976) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 5,245 Stroud and Cooper (1968) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 1,331 Stroud and Cooper (1968) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 1,497 Marshall (1970) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 2,469 Marshall (1970) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 5,261 Marshall (1970) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 16,148 Odum and Fanning (1973) Spartina alterniflora South Atlantic 9,559 Odum and Fanning (1973) Spartina alterniflora Gulf Coast 7,948 de la Cruz (1974) Spartina alterniflora Gulf Coast 4,407 de la Cruz (1974) Spartina alterniflora Gulf Coast 8,203 Kirby (1972) Spartina alterniflora Gulf Coast 4,711 Kirby (1972) Spartina alterniflora Gulf Coast 10,704 Kirby and Gooselink (1976) Spartina alterniflora Gulf Coast 5,354 Kirby and Gooselink (1976)

Zostera marina North Atlantic 934 *Beal et al. 2004 average annual productivity

Zostera marina North Atlantic 7,561 *Nixon and Oviatt 1972 reports measurements from a coastal pond and tidal river throughout the summer

Zostera marina Mid Atlantic 3,265 Murray and Wetzel 1987 Zostera marina Mid Atlantic 4,004 Murray and Wetzel 1987 Zostera marina Mid Atlantic 1,205 Rizzo and Wetzel 1985 Table 1: Annual Net Primary Productivity by Region.

Spartina alterniflora

Zostera marina

Appendix 4 of 15

# Zostera marina South Atlantic 5,500 Bach et al. 1986 measure export of detritus from two grassbeds and an open-water bed

Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast 3,570 Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast 2,831 Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast 1,920 Tomasko et al 1996 Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast 1,329 Tomasko et al 1996

Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast 2,433 Kaldy and Dunton 2000 leaf tissue

Macrocystis spp. California 11,344 Dayton 1985 reviews generalizations of Kain's and Mann's complete reviews

Macrocystis pyrifera California 1,472 *Rassaweiler 2000 measurements collected monthly (NPP)

Macrocystis pyrifera California 8,094 *Rassaweiler 2001 measurements collected monthly (NPP)

Macrocystis pyrifera California 8,339 *Rassaweiler 2002 measurements collected monthly (NPP)

Typha spp. Great Lakes 7,198 *Gustafson (1976) Typha Glauca Great Lakes 10,247 *Penko and Pratt (1986) Typha latifolia Great Lakes 5,463 *Grace and Wetzel (1982) Typha angustifolia Great Lakes 2,590 *Grace and Wetzel (1982) Typha Glauca Great Lakes 2,024 *Grace and Wetzel (1982) Typha (macrophytes) Great Lakes 5,666 Mitsch et al 2002 Typha (macrophytes) Great Lakes 7,285 Mitsch et al 2002 Typha latifolia Inland 9,296 *Smith and Kadlec (1985) Typha latifolia Inland 2,788 Rocha and Goulden 2009 aboveground NPP Typha spp. Inland 2,100 *van der Valk and Davis (1978) Typha spp. assemblage Inland 12,971 *Keefe (1972) aboveground NPP of all macrophytes for two calculated from short shoot density*short shoot density. Areal blade productivity values.

Macrocystis pyrifera

Typha spp. Thalassia testudinum

Appendix 5 of 15

# Typha spp. Inland 5,342 *Whigham and Simpson (1975)

Typha latifolia Inland 6,255 *Keefe (1972) Typha spp. Inland 7,560 *Johnson (1970)

Dominant Species Location ANPP (kg dw acre -1 

# yr -1 

# ) Reference Notes Zostera marina South Atlantic 1,262 Kenworthy and Thayer 1984 roots and rhizomes only Zostera marina Alaska 8,824 *Wetzel and Penhale 1983

Zostera marina Lake Grevelingen (Netherlands) 5,870 Lindeboom and De Bree 1982

Zostera marina Lake Grevelingen (Netherlands) 350 Nienhuis and Groenendijk 1986

Zostera marina Lake Grevelingen (Netherlands) 1,710 Pellikaan and Nienhuis 1988 above ground measurements Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast 1,358 Kaldy and Dunton 2000 rhizome tissue

Thalassia testudinum Gulf Coast *Odum 1957 diurnal curve measurements of O 2 

# and CO 2 

# downstream from springs (range is variation between rainy and sunny day) Macrocystis pyrifera California 31,334 *Towle and Pearse 1973 Macrocystis pyrifera California 53,715 *McFarland and Prescott 1959

Macrocystis pyrifera California 42,524 Jackson 1977 maximum rate extrapolated from mid-summer meas.

Macrocystis integrifolia British Columbia 14,103 *Wheeler and Druehl 1986 carbon input to forest of ocean bottom Laminaria saccharina North Atlantic 14,741 Brady-Campbell et al 1984 Laminaria saccharina North Atlantic 43,303 Brady-Campbell et al 1985 Laminaria saccharina North Atlantic 13,478 Brady-Campbell et al 1986

Typha spp. Mid Atlantic 14,033 *Jervis 1969 average of four local freshwater marshes; exclude due to lack of info regarding wet or dry weight these may be overestimations because no distinction is made between Appendix Table 1A: Deferred Studies

Appendix 6 of 15

# Typha latifolia California 2,597 Rocha and Goulden 2009 belowground NPP

Typha latifolia California 5,104 Rocha and Goulden 2009 total NPP

Appendix 7 of 15

# North Atlantic 6,483 1 North Atlantic 6,520 1 North Atlantic 2,064 1 North Atlantic 3,319 1 North Atlantic 1,416 1 Mid Atlantic 5,909 1 Mid Atlantic 2,388 1 Mid Atlantic 1,902 1 Mid Atlantic 1,849 1 Mid Atlantic 1,465 1 South Atlantic 5,245 2 South Atlantic 1,331 2 South Atlantic 1,497 2 South Atlantic 2,469 2 South Atlantic 5,261 2 South Atlantic 16,148 2 South Atlantic 9,559 2 Gulf Coast 7,948 2 Gulf Coast 4,407 2 Gulf Coast 8,203 2 Gulf Coast 4,711 2 Gulf Coast 10,704 2 Gulf Coast 5,354 2 Spartina alterniflora

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000

LocationANPP North and Mid Atlantic South Atlantic and Gulf Coast



# Appendix 8 of 15

# t-Test: TwoSample Assuming Unequal Variances

Variable

1 Variable 2 Mean 3331.49 6372.157154 Variance 4514263 17074240.89 Observations 10 13 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 19

t Stat -2.28885

P(T<=t) one-tail 0.01686

t Critical one-tail 1.72913

P(T<=t) two-tail 0.03371

t Critical two-tail 2.09302

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