CHAPTER 2. MARKET ASSESSMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 Three

- Phase Air

- Cooled Commercial Air -Conditioning and Heating Equipment ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Water

- Source Heat Pumps ................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.3 Federal Energy Conservation Standards .............................................................. 2-2 2.1.4 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 Efficiency Levels ................................................ 2-3 2.2 MARKET ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.1 Trade Associations ............................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.2 Manufacturers ...................................................................................................... 2-5 2.2.3 Market Performance Data .................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.3.1 Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air

- Cooled Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps ................................................................................................ 2-7 2.2.3.2 Water

- Source Heat Pumps ....................................................................... 2-12 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 2-17

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1.1 Current Federal Energy Conservation Standards for Small Three- Phase Commercial Air

- Cooled Air -Conditioning and Heating Equipment and Water

- Source Heat Pumps ............................................................................. 2-3 Table 2.1.2 Equipment Classes with Updated Efficiency Levels in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 ........................................................................................ 2-4 Table 2.2.1 Manufacturers of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h................................................ 2-6 Table 2.2.2 Manufacturers of Commercial Water

- Source Heat Pumps ........................... 2-7

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.2.1 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Single Package Air Conditioners <65,000 Btu/h ........................................... 2-8 Figure 2.2.2 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Split System Air Conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h ....................................................... 2-9 Figure 2.2.3 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Single Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ................................................ 2-10 Figure 2.2.4 HSPF Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Single Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ................................................ 2-10

2-iFigure 2.2.5 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Split System Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ............................................................. 2-11 Figure 2.2.6 HSPF Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Split System Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h ............................................................. 2-12 Figure 2.2.7 EER Histogram of Water -Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h .................... 2-13 Figure 2.2.8 COP Histogram of Water -Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h .................... 2-13 Figure 2.2.9 E ER Histogram of Water -Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h ............................................................................................................. 2-14 Figure 2.2.10 COP Histogram of Water

- Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h ............................................................................................................. 2-15 Figure 2.2.11 EER Histogram of Water -Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,00 Btu/h .............................................................................................. 2-16 Figure 2.2.12 COP Histogram of Water -Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,00 Btu/h .............................................................................................. 2-16

2- iiCHAPTER 2. MARKET ASSESSMENT

2.1 BACKGROUND The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) released an updated version of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ASHRAE/Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Standard 90.1 (hereinafter referred to as ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013) on October 9, 2013. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 included increased efficiency level s for small three

- phase commercial air

- cooled air -conditioning and heating equipment with less than 65,000 Btu/h cooling capacity and water -source heat pumps (triggering a review by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) of the minimum standard s for these equipment classes).

2.1.1 Three

- Phase Air

- Co oled Commercial Air

- Conditioning and Heating Equipment Three

- phase air

- cooled air conditioners and heat pumps are part of a subset of commercial package air -conditioning and heating equipment. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act ( EPCA ) defines “commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment” as “air

- cooled, water -cooled, evaporatively- cooled, or water -source (not including ground watersource) electrically operated, unitary central air conditioners and central air conditioning heat pumps for commercial application.” (42 U.S.C. 6311(8)(A)) Air conditioners use a refrigeration cycle to cool an indoor space by moving heat from the cold location to a hotter location by means of evaporating and condensing a fluid, typically a refrigerant. An air conditioner typically has four major components: a compressor, condenser coil, expansion valve, and evaporator coil. The compressor turns the refrig erant from a low pressure gas into a high pressure gas, which raises the temperature of the gas. At the next step, the condens er coil convects the heat from the hot refrigerant, which condenses into a liquid, still at a high temperature and high pressure. This liquid refrigerant then goes through an expansion valve that lowers its pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator coil. The evaporator coil cools the indoor air by transferring heat from the indoor air to the low temperature refrigerant. Heat pumps can reverse the refrigeration cycle to draw heat from cooler external air and release it into the indoor space to heat it.

The Federal energy conservation standards for air -cooled air conditioners and heat pumps are differentiated based on t he cooling capacity ( i.e., small, large, or very large). For small equipment, there is an additional disaggregation into: (1) equipment less than 65,000 Btu/h and (2) equipment greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h and less than 135,000 Btu/h. ASHRAE Stand ard 90.1-2013 also differentiates the equipment that is less than 65,000 Btu/h into split system and single package subcategories . In the past, DOE has followed the same disaggregation. However, when the Energy Independence and Security Act ( EISA ) of 2007 increased the efficiency levels to identical levels across single package and split system equipment, effective in 2008, DOE combined the equipment classes in the Code of Federal Regulations ( CFR ), resulting in only two equipment classes, one for air conditioners and one for heat pumps. Because ASHRAE has increased the standard for only single package air conditioners, and has increased the heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) level to a more

2-1stringent level for split system heat pumps than for single package heat pumps, and DOE is obligated to adopt, at a minimum, the increased level in ASHRAE 90.1-2013 for that equipment class, DOE proposes to re- create separate equipment classes for single package and split system equipment in the overall equipment classes of small commercial package air conditioners and heat pumps (three- phase air -cooled) less than 65,000 Btu/h. DOE is reviewing standards for single package equipment under the ASHRAE trigger (42 U.S.C 6313(a)(6)(A)) and split system equipment under the 6 year look back provision (42 U.S.C. 6313(a)(6)(C)(i)), as described in Chapter 1.

2.1.2 Water- Source Heat Pumps
Water source heat pumps are also part of a subset of commercial package air

conditioning and heating equipment as defined by EPCA . However, EPCA does not further define this equipment. According to the ASHRAE Handbook, “A water-source heat pump is a single- package

reverse -cycle heat pump that uses water as the heat source for heating and as the heat sink for cooling. The main components are a compressor, refrigerant

- to

- water heat exchanger, refrigerant

- to

- air heat exchanger, refrigerant expansion devices, and refrigerant reversing valve

. ....A water -loop heat pump uses a circulating water loop as the heat source and heat sink. When loop water te mperature exceeds a certain level during cooling, a cooling tower dissipates heat from the water loop into the atmosphere. When loop water temperature drops below a prescribed level during heating, heat is added to the circulating loop water, usually with a boiler. ” 1 Decentralized systems using multiple water source heat pumps on a shared circulating water loop are common. Water -loop heat pumps systems are popular in multi-room buildings such as office buildings, where heat gains can be redistributed from interior to perimeter zones. Water

- source heat pumps are manufactured in both horizontal and vertical configurations. 1

EPCA and ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 both further divide this equipment into three categories based on cooling capacity ranges: (1) <17,000 Btu/h; (2) ≥17,000 and <65,000 Btu/h; and (3) ≥65,000 and <135,000 Btu/h.
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changed the name of this equipment class from “water

source” to “water to air, water loop.” DOE believes this to be an editorial change only and that this new nomenclature refers to the same water -source heat pump equipment covered by Federal energy conservation standards. ASHRAE also changed the descriptor for this equipment from COP to COP H . DOE believes this is also an editorial change to clarify the difference between COP for refrigeration and COP for heat pumps.

2.1.3 Federal Energy Conservation Standards On January 12, 2001, DOE published in the Federal Register a final rule promulgating the current standards for all three equipment classes of water source heat pumps relevant to this rulemaking. 66 FR 3336. This final rule adopted the energy conservation standards set by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999. The existing energy conservation standards for all classes of air -cooled three- phase air conditioners and heat pumps less than 65,000 Btu/h were established by the EISA 2007

2-2am endments to EPCA. These standards were codified by DOE in a Technical Amendment published in the Federal Register on March 23, 2009. 74 FR 12058.

Table 2.1.1 shows the current F ederal energy conservation levels for equipment classes where ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 increased the standa rd levels in comparison to the F ederal levels.

Table 2.1.1 Current Federal Energy Con servation Standards for Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air

- Cooled Air

- Conditioning and Heating Equipment and Water- Source Heat Pumps Equipment Type Cooling Capacity Subcategory Federal Standard
Small Commercial Packaged Air

Conditioning and Heating Equipment, Air

- cooled 3 - Phase <65,000 Btu/h AC 13.0 SEER

HP 13.0 SEER 7.7 HSPF

Small Commercial Packaged Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment, Water Source <17,000 Btu/h HP 11.2 EER 4.2 COP
≥17,000 Btu/h and <65,000 Btu/h HP 12.0 EER 4.2 COP
≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h HP 12.0 EER 4.2 COP

2.1.4 ASHRAE Standard 90.1 -2013 Efficiency Levels Table 2.1.2 shows the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 efficiency level s for the updated equipment classes along with the currently applicable Federal minimum efficiency standards for comparison.

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 raised the efficiency level s in comparison to the current Federal minimum energy conservation standards for three equipment classes of small three

phase commercial air

- cooled air -conditioners and heat pumps and three equipment classes of water -source heat pump. DOE assessed the current market for each equipment class. DOE also assessed the current market for split system air conditioners even though ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 did not raise the efficiency level for that equipment. The marke t assessment for all equipment classes is described in the sections that follow

.

2-3Table 2.1.2 Equipment Classes with Updated Efficiency Levels in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013

ASHRAE Equipment Type Size Category S ubcategory ASHRAE Standard 90.1

- 2013 Federal Minimum

Energy Conservation

Standards

Air conditioners, air

- cooled <65,000 Btu/h Split System 13.0 SEER* 13.0 SEER
Single package 14.0 SEER (as of 1/1/2015) 13.0 SEER

Heat pumps, air

- cooled <65,000 Btu/h Split System 14.0 SEER 8.2 HSPF (as of 1/1/2015) 13.0 SEER 7.7 HSPF

Single package 14.0 SEER 8.0 HSPF (as of 1/1/2015) 13.0 SEER 7.7 HSPF

Heat pump s , water to air, water loop <17,000 Btu/h N/A 12.2 EER 4.3 COP 11.2 EER 4.2 COP ≥17,000 and
< 65,000Btu/h N/A 13.0 EER 4.3 COP 12.0 EER 4.2 COP ≥65,000 and <135,000Btu/h N/A 13.0 EER 4.3 COP 12.0 EER 4.2 COP *This efficiency level was not updated in ASHRAE Standard 90.1

- 2013 but is included here as it is part of the same equipment class in the c urrent F ederal standards.

2.2 MARKET ASSESSMENT The following market assessment identifies the manufacturer trade associations and domestic and international manufacturers of small three

- phase commercial air conditioners and heat pumps, and water

- source heat pumps . The market assessment also summarizes the relevant market performance data for each equipment class where such data are available.

2.2.1 Trade Associations DOE researched various trade groups who represent manufacturers, distributors, and installers of th e various types of equipment being analyzed in this rulemaking. The AirConditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) is one of the largest trade associations for manufacturers of space -heating, cooling , and water

- heating equipment, representin g more than 90% of the residential and commercial air -conditioning, space- heating, water

- heating, and commercial refrigeration equipment manufactured in the U nited States

. 2 AHRI also develops and publishes test procedures standards for residential and comm ercial heating, ventilati ng, and airconditioning (HVAC) equipment and coordinates with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to help harmonize U.S. standards with international standards, if feasible. AHRI also maintains the AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance that lists all the products and equipment that have been certified by AHRI.

2-4Heating, Air -conditioning and Refrigeration Distributors International (HARDI) is a trade association that represents over 450 wholesal e heating, ventilati ng , air -conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) companies plus over 300 manufacturing associates and nearly 140 manufacturing representatives. HARDI estimates that 80% of the revenue of HVACR systems goes through its members. 3

Air Con ditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) is another trade association whose members include over 4,000 contractors and 60,000 professionals. ACCA provides contractors technical, legal, and market resources, helping to promote good practices and to keep buildings safe, clean, and affordable. 4

2.2.2 Manufacturers DOE identified 23 parent companies ( comprising 61 manufacturers ) of small three

- phase air -cooled air conditioners and heat pumps and 18 parent companies (comprising 21 manufacturers ) of water

- source heat pumps. The manufacturers for each equipment class are listed in Table 2.2.1 and Table 2.2.2

.

2-5Table 2.2.1 Manufacturers of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h Aaon, Inc. Eair Llc Johns on Controls

• Coleman

• Evcon

• Fraser

• Guardian

• Johnson Controls

• Luxaire

• York Nordyne

• Broan

• Frigidaire

• Gibson

• Kelvinator

• Mammoth, Inc.

• Maytag

• Miller

• Nordyne

• Nutone

• Philco

• Tappan

• Westinghouse Addison Ecotemp Kenmore Rheem Sales Company, Inc

• Rheem Manufacturing

• United Refrigeration Inc – Thermal Zone

Aerosys Gd Midea Heating & Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. Klimaire Products Inc. United Cool Air

Air Green Corporation Heat Controller, Inc. Lennox International

• Airease

• Armstrong Air Conditioning, Inc

• Concord

• Ducane

• Lennox Industries, Inc. United Technologies Corporation

• Airquest

• Arcoaire

• Bryant Heating And Cooling Systems

• Carrier Air Conditioning

• Comfortmaker

• Day & Night

• Grandaire

• Heil

• Icp Commercial

• Keeprite

• Maratherm

• Payne Heating And Cooling

• Tempstar Bard Manufacturing Company Ingersoll

- Rand

• American Standard

• Trane Msh Legacy

– Maintenance Supply Headquarters LP Xenon

Daikin Industries

• AAF International

• Daikin

• Daikin Americas

• Goodman Manufacturing Innovair Zamil Air Conditioners & Home Appliances Co. (L.L.C.) – Zamil Industrial

2-6Table 2.2.2 Manufacturers of Commercial Water

- Source Heat Pumps Addison Bard Manufacturing Company Climate Master, Inc. Coldflo Inc. Cold Point Corporation Daikin

• McQuay International Enertech Global,Llc. Robert Bosch GMBH

• Fhp Manufacturing First Operations Lp, Dba First Co. Geomaster, Llc. Geosmart Energy Inc. Ingersoll

- Rand

• American Standard

• Trane Johnson Controls, Inc.

• Johnson Controls

• York Rheem Manufacturing United Cool Air United Technologies Corporation Carrier Air Conditioning Waterfurnace International, Inc.

• Geostar

• Waterfurnace The Whalen Company

2.2.3 Market Performance Data For each equipment class analyzed, DOE gather ed market data to characterize the efficiency and performance of models currently on the market. DOE reviewed data for small three

- phase commercial air -cooled air conditioners and heat pumps, and water- source heat pumps currently on the market by examining the AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance

. 5

2.2.3.1 Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air

- Cooled Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps

Single Package Air Conditioners

. Small three

- phase commercial air -cooled single package air conditioners have a cooli ng capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h and include the

2-7condenser and evaporator in the same cabinet. The Federal energy conservation standard for this equipment is 13.0 SEER (seasonal energy efficiency r atio ) (10 CFR 431.97). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency rating to 14.0 SEER as of January 1, 2015. Figure 2.2.1 shows the distribution of SEER values for this equipment. The average SEER value for this equipment class is 14.3. Of the models identified by DOE, 1,450 (45 percent of the total models) have SEERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels.

Figure 2.2.1 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Single Package Air Conditioners <65,000 Btu/h
Split System Air Conditioners

. Small three

- phase commercial air -cooled split system air conditioners have a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h. The outdoor cabinet contains the condenser and the indoor cabinet contains the evaporator. The Federal energy conservation standard f or this equipment is 13.0 SEER (seasonal energy efficiency r atio ) (10 CFR 431.97). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 did not change the efficiency rating for this equipment. Figure 2.2.2 shows the distribution of SEER values for this equipment. The average SEER value for this equipment class is 1 3.85. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

13 13.1 - 13.5 13.6 - 14 14.1 - 14.5 15.6 - 15 15.1 - 15.5 15.6 - 16 16.1 - 16.5 16.6 - 17 17.1 - 17.5 17.6 - 18 18.1 - 18.5 18.6 - 19.15Frequency

SEER

2-8Figure 2.2.2 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Split System Air Conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h
Single Package Heat Pumps

. Small three

- phase commercial air

- cooled single package heat pumps have a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h and include the condenser and evaporator in the same cabinet. The Federal energy conservation standard for this equipment is 13.0 SEER and 7.7 HSPF (10 CFR 431.97). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency rating s to 14.0 SEER and 8.0 HSPF as of January 1, 2015. Figure 2.2.3 and Figure 2.2.4 show the distribution s of SEER and HSPF values for this equipment. The average SEER value for this equipment class is 14.0. Of the models identified by DOE, 653 (54 percent of the total models) have SEERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average HSPF value for this equipment class is 7.9. Of the models identified by DOE, 632 (52% of the total models) have HSPFs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000

13 13.1 - 13.5 13.6 - 14 14.1 - 14.5 14.6 - 15 15.1 - 15.5 15.6 - 16 16.1 - 16.5 16.6 - 17 17.1 - 17.5 17.6 - 18 18.1 - 18.5 18.6 - 19.15Frequency

SEER

2-9Figure 2.2.3 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Single Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h

Figure 2.2.4 HSPF Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Single Package Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h
Split System Heat Pumps

. Small three

- phase commercial air -cooled split system heat pumps ha ve a cooling capacity of less than 65,000 Btu/h. The outdoor cabinet contains the compressor and condenser, while the indoor cabinet contains the evaporator . The Federal energy conservation standard for this equipment is 13.0 SEER and 7.7 HSPF (10 CFR 431.97 ). 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

13 13. 1 - 14 14.1 - 15 15.1 - 16 16.1 - 17 17.1 - 18.05Frequency

SEER

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

7.7 7.75 - 8 8.05 - 8.3 8.35 - 8.6 8.65 - 8.9 8.95 - 9.2 9.25 - 9.3Frequency

HSPF

2-10ASHRAE Standard 90.1- 2013 changes the efficiency rating s to 14.0 SEER and 8.2 HSPF as of January 1, 2015. Figure 2.2.5 and Figure 2.2.6 show the distribution s of SEER and HSPF values for this equipment . The average SEER value for this equipment class is 13.7. Of the models identified by DOE, 30,009 (64 percent of the total models) have SEERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average HSPF for this equipment class is 7.9. Of the models identified by DOE, 36,902 (79% of the total models) have HSPFs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels.

Figure 2.2.5 SEER Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Split System Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

13 13.1 - 13.5 13.6 - 14 14.1 - 14.5 14.6 - 15 15.1 - 15.5 15.6 - 16.2Frequency

SEER

2-11Figure 2.2.6 HSPF Histogram of Small Three

- Phase Commercial Air -Cooled Split System Heat Pumps <65,000 Btu/h

2.2.3.2 Water- Source Heat Pumps Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h . Small water

- source heat pumps are individual packaged units that transfer heat using a water loop. The Federal energy conservation standard s for water -source heat pumps with a cooling capacity less than 17,000 Btu/h are 11.2 EER (energy efficiency ratio) and 4.2 COP (coefficient of performance ) (10 CFR 431.97 ). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 12.0 EER and 4.3 COP. Figure 2.2.7 and Figure 2.2.8 show the distribution of EERs and COPs for this equipment. The average EER value for this equipment class is 13.8. Of the models identified by DOE, 34 (six percent of the total models) have EERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average COP value for this equipment class is 4.7. Of the models identified by DOE, 30 (five percent of the total models) have COPs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

7.7 7.75 - 7.95 8.0 - 8.2 8.25 - 8.45 8.5 - 8.7 8.75 - 8.95 9.0 - 9.2 9.25 - 9.45 9.5 - 9.7Frequency

HSPF

2-12Figure 2.2.7 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h

Figure 2.2.8 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps <17,000 Btu/h
Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h

. The Federal energy conservation standard s for w ater -source heat pumps with a cooling ca pacity greater than or equal to 17,000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

11.2 11.25 - 12.2 12.3 - 13.2 13.3 - 14.2 14.3 - 15.2 15.3 - 16.2 16.3 - 17.2 17.3 - 18.1Frequency

EER

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Frequency

COP

2-13Btu/h and less than 65,000 Btu/h are 12.0 EER and 4.2 COP (10 CFR 431.97 ). ASHRAE Standard 90.1- 2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 1 3.0 EER and 4.3 COP. Figure 2.2.9 and Figure 2.2.10 show the distribution of EERs and COPs for this equipment. The average EER value fo r this equipment class is 15.2. Of the models identified by DOE, 72 ( two percent of the total models) have EERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average COP value for this equipment class is 4.9. Of the models identified by DOE, 133 (four percent of the total models) have COPs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels.

Figure 2.2.9 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

12 12.1 - 13 13.1 - 14 14.1 - 15 15.1 - 16 16.1 - 17 17.1 - 18 18.1 - 19 19.1- 20 20.1 - 21 21.1 - 21.6Frequency

EER

2-14Figure 2.2.10 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥17,000 – <65,000 Btu/h

Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,000 Btu/h. The Federal energy conservation standards for water -source heat pumps with a cooling capacity gr eater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h and less than 135,000 Btu/h are 12.0 EER and 4.2 COP (10 CFR 431.97 ). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 changes the efficiency ratings to 13.0 EER and 4.3 COP. Figure 2.2.11 and Figure 2.2.12 show the distribution of EERs and COPs for this equipment. The average EER value f or this equipment class is 14.7. Of the models identified by DOE, five (one percent of the total models) have EERs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. The average COP value for this equipment class is 4.8. Of the models identified by DOE, two (0.5 percent of the total models) have COPs rated below the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 levels. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450Frequency

COP

2-15Figure 2.2.11 EER Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,00 Btu/h

Figure 2.2.12 COP Histogram of Water-Source Heat Pumps ≥65,000 Btu/h – <135,00 Btu/h 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

12 12.1 - 13 13.1 - 14 14.1 - 15 15.1 - 16 16.1 - 17 17.1 - 17.2Frequency

EER

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

4.2 4.21 - 4.30 4.31 - 4.40 4.41 - 4.50 4.51 - 4.60 4.61 - 4.70 4.71 - 4.80 4.81- 4.90 4.91 - 5.00 5.01 - 5.10 5.11 - 5.20 5.21 - 5.30 5.31 - 5.40 5.41 - 5.50 5.51 - 5.60Frequency

COP

2-16REFERENCES

1 2012 ASHRAE Handbook, Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems and Equipment . ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. Chapter s 9 and 49.

2 Air -Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Website. About Us . 2013. (Last accessed February 10, 2014. ) < www. ari .org/ site/318/About-Us >

3 Heating, Air -conditioning & Refrigeration Distributors International Website. About HARDI. 2014 . (Last accessed February 10, 2014 .) < www.hardinet.org/about- hardi -0 >

4 Air Conditioning Contractors of America Website. About ACCA. 2014 . (Last accessed February 10, 2014 .) < www.acca.org/acca >

5 AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance . 2013 . (Last accessed November 11, 2013 .)
< www.ahridirectory.org >

2-17