April 24, 2015

 Exemption No. 11424

 Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2015–0176

Mr. Gregory S. Winton

The Aviation Law Firm

1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway

Suite 300

Annapolis, MD 21401

Dear Mr. Winton:

This letter is to inform you that we have granted your request for exemption. It transmits our 

decision, explains its basis, and gives you the conditions and limitations of the exemption, 

including the date it ends.

The Basis for Our Decision

By letter dated January 23, 2015, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

on behalf of AgScan, Inc. (hereinafter petitioner or operator) for an exemption. The 

exemption would allow the petitioner to operate an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to 

conduct aerial acquisitions and research.

See Appendix A for the petition submitted to the FAA describing the proposed operations and 

the regulations that the petitioner seeks an exemption.

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any 

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to the petitioner. The FAA received one 

individual comment in opposition to the petition and one in support. In granting this 

exemption, the FAA has determined that the proposed operations can safely be conducted 

under the conditions and limitations of this exemption. As with exemptions issued to Aeryon 

Lab, Astraeus Aerial, Clayco, Inc., and VDOS Global, LLC, failure to comply with the 
2

document’s conditions and limitations is grounds for immediate suspension or rescission of 

the exemption.

Airworthiness Certification

The UAS proposed by the petitioner is a Draganflyer X4−ES.

In accordance with the statutory criteria provided in Section 333 of Public Law 112−95 in 

reference to 49 U.S.C. § 44704, and in consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited 

operating area associated with the aircraft and its operation, the Secretary of Transportation 

has determined that this aircraft meets the conditions of Section 333. Therefore, the FAA 

finds that relief from 14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products and parts, 

Subpart H—Airworthiness Certificates, and any associated noise certification and testing 

requirements of part 36, is not necessary.

The Basis for Our Decision

You have requested to use a UAS for aerial data collection. The FAA has issued grants of 

exemption in circumstances similar in all material respects to those presented in your petition. 

In Grants of Exemption Nos. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0352), 

11109 to Clayco, Inc. (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0507), 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC (see

Docket No. FAA−2014−0382), and 11213 to Aeryon Labs, Inc. (see Docket No. 

FAA−2014−0642), the FAA found that the enhanced safety achieved using an unmanned 

aircraft (UA) with the specifications described by the petitioner and carrying no passengers or 

crew, rather than a manned aircraft of significantly greater proportions, carrying crew in 

addition to flammable fuel, gives the FAA good cause to find that the UAS operation enabled 

by this exemption is in the public interest.

Having reviewed your reasons for requesting an exemption, I find that—

• They are similar in all material respects to relief previously requested in Grant of 

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 11213;

• The reasons stated by the FAA for granting Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 

11213 also apply to the situation you present; and 

• A grant of exemption is in the public interest.

Our Decision

In consideration of the foregoing, I find that a grant of exemption is in the public interest. 

Therefore, pursuant to the authority contained in 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, and 44701, 

delegated to me by the Administrator, AgScan, Inc. is granted an exemption from 14 CFR 

§§ 61.23(a) and (c), 61.101(e)(4) and (5), 61.113(a), 61.315(a), 91.7(a), 91.119(c), 91.121, 

91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2), and 91.417(a) and (b), to the 
3

extent necessary to allow the petitioner to operate a UAS to perform aerial data collection. 

This exemption is subject to the conditions and limitations listed below.

Conditions and Limitations

In this grant of exemption, AgScan, Inc. is hereafter referred to as the operator.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be 

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the Draganflyer 

X4−ES UAS when weighing less than 55 pounds including payload. Proposed 

operations of any other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this 

exemption.

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming are 

not permitted. 

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The 

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine 

compliance with the 87 knot speed restriction. In no case will the UA be operated at 

airspeeds greater than the maximum UA operating airspeed recommended by the 

aircraft manufacturer.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL). Altitude must be reported in feet AGL.

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. 

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than 

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or 

U.S. driver’s license.

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within 

the visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC and VO at all times. The VO may be used 

to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS 

capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times; 

electronic messaging or texting is not permitted during flight operations. The PIC must 

be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the 

duration of the flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the duties 

required of the VO.

7. This exemption and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its 

operations in accordance with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of 

exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the operating documents. The operating 
4

documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made available to the 

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and 

limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, 

the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. 

Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operating 

documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised 

documents to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. The 

operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for extension 

or amendment to this grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update or 

revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then the 

operator must petition for an amendment to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s UAS 

Integration Office (AFS−80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or 

revisions to the operating documents.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation 

or flight characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo 

a functional test flight prior to conducting further operations under this exemption. 

Functional test flights may only be conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at 

least 500 feet from other people. The functional test flight must be conducted in such 

a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property.

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is 

in a condition for safe operation.

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the 

UAS is in a condition for safe flight. The pre-flight inspection must account for all 

potential discrepancies, e.g. inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the 

inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is 

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the 

UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight.

11. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance, overhaul, 

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements for the aircraft and 

aircraft components.

12. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer 

safety bulletins.

13. Under this grant of exemption, a PIC must hold either an airline transport, 

commercial, private, recreational, or sport pilot certificate. The PIC must also hold a 

current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s license issued by a 

state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the Federal 
5

government. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 

14 CFR § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

14. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC demonstrates the 

ability to safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be 

operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from persons, vessels, vehicles and structures. PIC 

qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner consistent with 

14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs 

(training, proficiency, and experience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to 

safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated 

under this exemption are permitted under the terms of this exemption. However, 

training operations may only be conducted during dedicated training sessions. During 

training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not essential for 

flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must operate the UA 

with appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119.

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights 

under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized.

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point (ARP) as 

denoted in the current FAA Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) or for airports not 

denoted with an ARP, the center of the airport symbol as denoted on the current 

FAA-published aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s 

management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption 

holder. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made available 

to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a 

pre-determined location within the private or controlled-access property.

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the 

intended operation and to operate after that for at least five minutes or with the reserve 

power recommended by the manufacturer if greater.

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). All 

operations shall be conducted in accordance with an ATO-issued COA. The 
6

exemption holder may apply for a new or amended COA if it intends to conduct 

operations that cannot be conducted under the terms of the attached COA.

22. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification 

(N−Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must 

be as large as practicable.

23. Documents used by the operator to ensure the safe operation and flight of the UAS and 

any documents required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the 

PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These 

documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement 

official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and 

activities at all times. 

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons 

from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure 

that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises 

where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of 

the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the safety 

of nonparticipating persons; and

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

for operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of 

the risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it does not 

present an undue hazard.

The PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons are not considered 

nonparticipating persons under this exemption.

27. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the property owner/controller or authorized representative. 

Permission from property owner/controller or authorized representative will be 

obtained for each flight to be conducted.

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported 

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS−80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be 
7

reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions 

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov.

If this exemption permits operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and 

television filming and production, the following additional conditions and limitations apply.

29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM) 

as documented in this grant of exemption.

30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this 

exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards 

District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of proposed filming. The 3-day 

notification may be waived with the concurrence of the FSDO. The plan of activities 

must include at least the following:

a. Dates and times for all flights;

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted 

under this grant of exemption;

c. Name and phone number of the person responsible for the on-scene operation of 

the UAS;

d. Make, model, and serial or N−Number of UAS to be used;

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PICs involved in the aerial filming;

f. A statement that the operator has obtained permission from property owners 

and/or local officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those 

who gave permission must be made available to the inspector upon request;

g. Signature of exemption holder or representative; and

h. A description of the flight activity, including maps or diagrams of any area, city, 

town, county, and/or state over which filming will be conducted and the altitudes 

essential to accomplish the operation.

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating persons 

consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the 

exemption holder’s MPTOM.

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS 

operations must comply with all applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to, 

parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.
8

This exemption terminates on April, 30, 2017, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.

Sincerely,

/s/

John S. Duncan

Director, Flight Standards Service
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

WASHINGTON, DC 

Regulatory Docket No. _______________

IN THE MATTER OF THE PETITION FOR EXEMPTION OF:

AGSCAN, INC.

FOR AN EXEMPTION SEEKING RELIEF FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF

TITLE 14 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

SECTIONS 61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) 

& (a)(2), AND 91.417(a) & (b) CONCERNING COMMERCIAL OPERATION OF THE

DRAGANFLYER X4-ES UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

PURSUANT TO SECTION 333 OF

THE FAA MODERNIZATION AND REFORM ACT OF 2012 (PUBLIC LAW 112-95)

Submitted on January 23, 2015

GREGORY S. WINTON, ESQ.

JARED M. ALLEN, ESQ.

THE AVIATION LAW FIRM

1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway

Suite 300

Annapolis, Maryland 21401

Tel: (301) 294-8550

Fax: (866) 568-9886

Attorneys for Petitioner
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................3

SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION AND INTERESTS OF PETITIONER .................................................4

BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................5

BASIS FOR PETITION ......................................................................................................5

NAME AND ADDRESS OF PETITIONER.................................................................7

THE SPECIFIC SECTIONS OF 14 C.F.R. FROM WHICH AGSCAN, INC. SEEKS

EXEMPTION ................................................................................................................8

THE EXTENT OF RELIEF AGSCAN, INC. SEEKS AND THE REASON 

AGSCAN, INC. SEEKS THE RELIEF.......................................................................11

THE REASONS WHY GRANTING AGSCAN, INC.'S REQUEST FOR 

EXEMPTION WOULD BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST .......................................14

THE REASONS WHY GRANTING THE EXEMPTION WOULD NOT 

ADVERSELY AFFECT SAFETY..............................................................................19

SUMMARY THAT CAN BE PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER..........33

ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, VIEWS, OR ARGUMENTS AVAILABLE 

TO SUPPORT AGSCAN, INC.'S REQUEST ............................................................33

CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................33
3

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS

AGL Above Ground Level

AOI Area of Interest

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATO Air Traffic Organization

C.F.R. Code of Federal Regulations

COA Certificate of Authorization

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FAR Federal Aviation Regulations

GCS Ground Control Station

GPS Global Positioning System

LOL Loss of Link

NAS National Airspace System

NOTAM Notice to Airman

PIC Pilot In Command

RTH Return To Home

Section 333 FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333

SOP Standard Operating Procedures

UA Unmanned Aircraft

UAS Unmanned Aircraft System

VFR Visual Flight Rules

VLOS Visual Line of Site

VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions

VO Visual Observer

VTOL Vertical Takeoff and Landing 
4

SUMMARY

AgScan, Inc. seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R §§ 61.113(a) & (b), 

91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b), 

to commercially operate an Unmanned Aircraft System pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit AgScan, Inc. to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisitions and research over certain rural areas of the United States.

INTRODUCTION AND INTERESTS OF THE PETITIONER

AgScan, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as “AgScan”) was founded in 2014 by CEO Joshua

Brown, a U.S. Navy veteran, certified UAS pilot, published UAS researcher, and search and

rescue expert. AgScan is a Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB)

focused on bringing the technological advancements of UAS into the foreground of precision

agriculture. This innovative approach to data collection will ultimately enable multiple

industries to have a faster, safer, and more efficient way to do business.

AgScan offers comprehensive program management solutions to develop data, with

precision and speed, concerning precision agriculture, land management, infrastructure, and

architecture. AgScan is fully compliant with government regulations and industry protocols.

AgScan firmly believes in combining innovation, integrity, and quality into all of its operations,

in order to best aid its clients and the communities it serves.

As set forth in this Petition, AgScan seeks to commercially operate its Draganflyer X4-

ES UAS over certain rural areas of the United States for the purpose of conducting aerial 

acquisitions and research, remote gathering of agricultural data, infrastructure management 
5

assessments, search and rescue operations, and reconnaissance in support of disaster or 

emergency situations.

BACKGROUND

Unmanned Aircraft System: Draganflyer X4-ES UAS

AgScan seeks an exemption to operate the AgScan Draganflyer X4-ES UAS for 

compensation or hire within the NAS. The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS is comprised of a vertical 

takeoff and landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and a transportable Ground Control 

Station (GCS). The Draganflyer X4-ES UA has a maximum gross weight of approximately 5.5 

pounds, while having a diameter of 42 inches, height of 11.5 inches, and maximum speed of 30

mph (approximately 26 knots). The Draganflyer X4-ES UA is equipped with four propellers, 

each being driven by a Lithium Polymer battery powered electric motor.

The Draganflyer X4-ES UA that will be operated by AgScan will be registered in 

accordance with 49 U.S.C. 44103, Registration of Aircraft, as well as 14 C.F.R Part 47, Aircraft 

Registration, and marked in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 45, Identification and Registration 

Marking.

BASIS FOR PETITION

Petitioner, AgScan, Inc., by and through undersigned counsel, pursuant to the provisions 

of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 C.F.R. § 11.61) and the FAA Modernization and Reform 

Act of 2012, Section 333, entitled Special Rules for Certain Unmanned Aircraft Systems, hereby 

petitions the Administrator to operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS in the National Airspace 

System (NAS), and for an exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R §§ 61.113(a) & (b), 

91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b).
6

In consideration of the size, weight and speed, as well as the limited area of intended 

operation associated with the unmanned aircraft, AgScan’s use of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS

meets the conditions of the FMRA Section 333 and therefore, will not require an airworthiness 

certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

Accordingly, AgScan requests relief from Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) 

& (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b), as these sections set forth requirements for maintenance that only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate. 

AgScan submits that the requested relief is proper since an equivalent level of safety will 

be ensured. AgScan will use manufacturer trained technicians to perform maintenance, 

alterations, or preventive maintenance on the UAS using the methods, techniques, and practices 

prescribed in the manufacturer’s maintenance manual. Furthermore, AgScan will document and 

maintain all maintenance records for the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS. 

Relief from certain requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b), entitled Private pilot 

privileges and limitations: Pilot in command, is requested by AgScan to the extent necessary to 

allow a Pilot in Command (PIC) holding a private or higher level pilot certificate, and an airman 

medical certificate, and who has completed the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS training and currency 

requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for compensation or hire. AgScan

submits that the conditions and limitations set forth herein will ensure the safety of the NAS, as 

well as the safety of persons and property on the ground.

AgScan seeks relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, because 

the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 

C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. As such, AgScan submits that it will ensure that the Draganflyer X4-

ES UAS is in an airworthy condition prior to every flight, by determining that the UAS is in 
7

compliance with its type design pursuant to the Draganflyer X4-ES User Manual, and that the

aircraft is in a condition for safe flight.

 AgScan also seeks an exemption from the requirements of Section 91.121, entitled

Altimeter Settings, as the Draganflyer X4-ES UA will not have a typical barometric altimeter 

onboard. However, altitude information of the Draganflyer X4-ES UA will be provided to the 

PIC via Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and a radio communications telemetry data 

link, which downlinks from the UA to the GCS for active monitoring of the flight path. This 

altitude information, combined with AgScan’s operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UA within 

visual line of sight, at or below 400 feet AGL, will ensure a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.121.

Additionally, AgScan seeks an exemption from the requirements of Section 91.151(b),

entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions. AgScan submits that safety will not be 

affected by operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UA during daylight hours under visual flight 

rules (VFR) and visual meteorological conditions (VMC), with enough battery power to fly for a 

total duration of 15 minutes to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising 

speed, to fly after that for at least five minutes (i.e., 25 percent battery power remaining).

In accordance with 14 C.F.R. § 11.81, AgScan provides the following information in 

support of its petition for exemption:

A. Name And Address Of The Petitioner.

The name and address of the Petitioner is:

AgScan, Inc.

108 Sharlow Drive

 Wallingford, PA 19086-6634
8

The point of contact for this Petition and specific contact information is as follows:

Gregory S. Winton, Esq.

The Aviation Law Firm

1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway, Suite 300

Annapolis, Maryland 21401

Tel: (301) 294-8550 | Fax: (866) 568-9886

Email: Greg@aviationlawexperts.com

B. The Specific Sections Of 14 C.F.R. From Which AgScan Seeks Exemption.

1. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 61.113(a) 

And (b).

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command, 

subsections (a) and (b) prescribe the following, in relevant part:

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command

(PIC) of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or

hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft.

(b) A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft in

connection with any business or employment if—

(1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and

(2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.

2. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.7(a).

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the following:

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition.

3. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.121.

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in part:

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level of 

that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating--

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to--

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 100 

nautical miles of the aircraft;
9

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, 

the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; or

(iii) In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure.

4. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.151(b).

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, subsection (b), 

states the following:

(b) No person may begin a flight in a rotorcraft under VFR conditions unless (considering 

wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of 

intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least 20 

minutes.

5. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirement Of Section 91.405(a). 

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the following:

Each owner or operator of an aircraft—

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have 

discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.]

6. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.407(a)(1).

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following:

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless--

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 of this 

chapter[.]

7. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.409(a)(1) 

And 91.409(a)(2).

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following:
10

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an aircraft 

unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had --

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance with part 

21 of this chapter.

8. AgScan Seeks Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 91.417(a) 

And 91.417(b).

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following:

(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each registered 

owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified in paragraph 

(b) of this section:

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and records of the 

100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved inspections, as appropriate, 

for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance 

of an aircraft. The records must include--

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the work 

performed; and

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for return 

to service.

(2) Records containing the following information:

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each rotor.

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and 

appliance.

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which are required 

to be overhauled on a specified time basis.

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last 

inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its appliances 

are maintained.
11

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety directives 

including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety directive number and 

revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves recurring action, the time and date 

when the next action is required.

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each major alteration 

to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, propellers, and appliances.

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods prescribed:

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until the 

work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is performed.

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold.

(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of this 

chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is approved for 

return to service.

C. The Extent Of Relief AgScan Seeks And The Reason AgScan Seeks The Relief.

1. Extent of Relief AgScan Seeks And The Reason AgScan Seeks Relief 

From Section 61.113(a) And (b).

Relief from Section 61.113(a) and (b) entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: 

Pilot in command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private or higher 

level pilot certificate, a current and valid airman medical certificate, and who has completed the 

Draganflyer X4-ES UAS training and currency requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS 

flight operations for compensation or hire.

This relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 61.113(a) and (b) state 

that a private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft in connection with any 

business or employment if - (1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and

(2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.
12

As set forth more fully below, AgScan submits that an equivalent level of safety will be 

maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS unless that 

PIC has demonstrated, through the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS training and currency requirements,

that the PIC is able to safely operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS in a manner consistent with the 

operations specifications as described in this exemption, including evasive and emergency 

maneuvers, as well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and 

structures.

Further, AgScan submits that all flights of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS conducted by the 

PIC pursuant to the grant of this Petition - (1) will be incidental to AgScan’s business; and

(2) will not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.

2. Extent of Relief AgScan Seeks And The Reason AgScan Seeks Relief 

From Section 91.7(a).

Relief from Section 91.7(a) entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the extent 

required to allow AgScan to determine that the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS is in an airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the Draganflyer 

X4-ES User Manual, and that the aircraft is in a condition for safe flight.

AgScan seeks the requested relief because the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS does not require 

an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, prior to 

every flight, AgScan will ensure that the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS is in an airworthy condition 

based upon a visual inspection, in order to determine that the UA and its components are in 

compliance with its type design and operating documents (i.e., the Draganflyer X4-ES User 

Manual, GCS User Manual, and Draganflyer X4-ES System Maintenance Manual), and that the 

aircraft can be operated safely pursuant to the conditions and limitations stated herein.
13

3. Extent of Relief AgScan Seeks And The Reason AgScan Seeks Relief 

From Section 91.121.

Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, which utilizes a barometric pressure sensor, GPS 

equipment, and a radio communications telemetry data link to downlink altitude information 

from the UA to the PIC at the GCS. AgScan seeks the requested relief because the Draganflyer 

X4-ES UA does not utilize a typical barometric altimeter onboard that may be set as 

contemplated by Section 91.121. As more fully set forth below, an equivalent level of safety 

will be maintained since the Draganflyer X4-ES UA is equipped with a barometric pressure 

sensor and GPS equipment, which automatically ensures that a ground level pressure setting will 

be established prior to each flight, and provides the PIC with altitude information of the UA on 

the heads-up display of the GCS.

4. Extent Of Relief AgScan Seeks And The Reason AgScan Seeks Relief 

From Section 91.151(b).

Relief from Section 91.151(b) entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, is 

requested to the extent required to allow flights of the battery powered Draganflyer X4-ES UA

during daylight hours in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), under visual flight rules 

(VFR), for a total duration of 15 minutes to the first point of intended landing and, assuming 

normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least five minutes (i.e., 25 percent battery power

remaining). AgScan seeks the requested relief because without an exemption from Section 

91.151(b), the flight time duration of the battery powered Draganflyer X4-ES UA will severely 

constrain the practicality of any aerial acquisition and research flight operations that AgScan

proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition.
14

Significantly, as set forth below, the technical specifications of the Draganflyer X4-ES

UAS, the Draganflyer X4-ES User Manual, and AgScan’s proposed operating limitations, ensure 

that AgScan will safely operate the battery powered Draganflyer X4-ES UA during daylight 

hours under VFR, with enough battery power to fly for a total duration of 15 minutes to the first 

point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least five

minutes (i.e., 25 percent battery power remaining).

5. Extent Of Relief AgScan Seeks And The Reason AgScan Seeks Relief 

From Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 

91.417(a) & (b).

Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) only 

apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, AgScan requests relief from these Sections 

because the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth

more fully below, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS meets the conditions of Section 333 of the 

FMRA for operation without an airworthiness certificate. Accordingly, AgScan will use 

manufacturer trained technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or preventive maintenance 

on the UAS using the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s 

maintenance manual. Furthermore, AgScan will document and maintain all maintenance records 

for the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS. 

D. The Reasons Why Granting AgScan’s Request For Exemption Would Be In The 

Public Interest; That Is, How It Would Benefit The Public As A Whole.

Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing AgScan to

safely, efficiently, and economically perform aerial acquisitions and research over rural areas of 

the United States, commercially, in support of government entities, agriculture, scientific studies, 

wildlife monitoring, forestry operations, and the oil and gas industries. Additionally, use of the 

Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce pollution, and provide 
15

significant benefits to the economy. Notably, the benefits of AgScan’s proposed operation of the 

Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will be realized without implicating any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit From The Aerial Acquisition And Research 

Performed.

AgScan submits this Petition to commercially operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS and

perform aerial acquisition and research throughout rural areas of the United States, in support of 

government entities, agriculture, infrastructure management assessments, search and rescue 

operations, and reconnaissance operations during emergency situations. The Draganflyer X4-ES

UAS will provide safe, efficient, and economical aerial acquisition and research to further each 

of these fields, all of which are critical to the well being of the general public.

The specific operations that AgScan will perform with the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS 

demonstrate how the requested exemption will directly benefit the above-referenced industries 

and the general public as a whole. 

Agriculture 

In the field of agriculture, AgScan’s operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will be 

used to assess and increase crop yields, and allows for less, more precise use of pesticides and 

herbicides. Specifically, AgScan’s ability to use the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS to perform presaved flight pattern operations via the fully automated GCS, will allow for time-lapse photos of 

fields, crops, and known land tracts. This ability to accurately re-create the exact same GPS 

derived flight patterns, during all seasons, will provide invaluable data for land and soil 

management, which cannot be recreated using conventional manned aircraft. The capability of 

the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS to utilize the high definition video camera packages, high definition 

photography packages, and infrared camera packages, will allow for detailed analysis and 

recording. With the use of photo-rendering software, three dimensional maps and topography 
16

data will be combined with time-lapse photography acquired by the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, in 

order to create highly detailed maps necessary to determine land erosion, perform flood 

mapping, and provide critical information for land management.

Infrastructure Management

With respect to infrastructure management, AgScan will equip the Draganflyer X4-ES 

UAS with a variety of sensors for the purpose of performing bridge inspections in order to detect 

defects, such as delamination and fractures. The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will also enable

AgScan to detect and predict the formation of potholes, which is a leading cause of damage on 

the nation’s roadways. According to the Federal Highway Administration, there are 607,380 

bridges in the United States and 67,000 are classified structurally deficient, 87,740 are classified 

as functionally obsolete, and 18,000 are classified as fracture critical. Since traditional bridge 

inspection methods are more than 100 years old, the public will benefit from inspection methods 

involving AgScan’s operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS.

2. The Public Will Benefit From Decreased Congestion Of The NAS.

The Draganflyer X4-ES UA is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and 

economical alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By 

reducing the amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption 

allowing the use of a Draganflyer X4-ES UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in 

the NAS, reduce noise and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the 

air and on the ground. 

Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, 

congestion around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The 

Draganflyer X4-ES UA does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of 
17

manned aircraft conducting aerial survey missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations. 

3. The Public Will Benefit From The Safety And Efficiency Of The 

Draganflyer X4-ES UAS.

Conducting aerial acquisitions with the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, instead of manned 

aircraft, will greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution 

generated during traditional aerial survey flight operations. By using battery power and electric 

motors, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable 

environmentally conscious alternative to the cabin class, six cylinder internal combustion twin 

engine aircraft that are typically utilized for aerial acquisitions, while burning approximately 20-30 

gallons per hour of leaded aviation fuel. The Draganflyer X4-ES UA, while reducing the carbon 

footprint of aerial acquisitions, also reduces noise pollution, as the UA is propelled by battery 

powered electric motors, rather than an internal combustion engine.

By using the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk 

to life and property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional 

manned aircraft flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside 

from the lack of flightcrew members located onboard the aircraft, the Draganflyer X4-ES UA 

(weighing approximately 5.5 pounds at its maximum gross weight with a diameter of 42 inches, 

and with no fuel on board), has less physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on 

the ground, and in the air, compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct aerial 

acquisitions (weighing approximately 6,500 pounds with a wingspan of approximately 40 feet, a 

length of 34 feet, and a fuel capacity of 180 gallons).
18

4. Performing Aerial Acquisition Operations With The Draganflyer X4-ES

UAS Will Benefit The Economy. 

In addition to being safe and efficient, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS is also an economical 

alternative to using manned aircraft to conduct aerial acquisitions. As such, operation of the 

Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will allow United States based companies, like AgScan, to remain 

competitive and contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Specifically, with the rising cost of 

aviation fuel and the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) regulatory actions phasing out 

leaded aviation fuels, U.S. owned and operated companies must adopt new and alternative 

technology in order to remain competitive. Operating the battery powered Draganflyer X4-ES

UAS is one such technology that not only allows companies greater operational flexibility 

compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the high operational cost of a 

traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, companies such as AgScan can remain 

competitive and profitable, and therefore, provide greater job stability to employees and 

contractors, which will ultimately contribute to growth of the U.S. economy. Improved financial 

performance of U.S. companies, through commercial use of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS,

provides a stable workforce that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal 

tax revenues; and allows companies to invest in research and development in order to remain 

competitive both in the United States and abroad. 

5. There Are No Privacy Issues.

Similar to the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for 

decades, AgScan’s proposed operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will not implicate any 

privacy issues. Specifically, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will be operated only in rural areas, 

and in accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude 
19

requirements of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. Most significantly, the Draganflyer X4-ES UA will not be 

operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure, which is not directly 

involved in the operation.

E. The Reasons Why Granting The Exemption Would Not Adversely Affect Safety, Or 

How The Exemption Would Provide A Level Of Safety At Least Equal To That 

Provided By The Rule From Which AgScan Seeks Exemption.

1. Reasons Why The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Meets The Conditions Of The 

FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333.

In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited geographical areas associated with 

the unmanned aircraft and its proposed flight operations, AgScan’s operation of the Draganflyer 

X4-ES UAS meets the conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness 

certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

Section 333 provides authority for a UAS to operate without airworthiness certification

and sets forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the 

NAS or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. Specifically, FMRA Section 

333 states the following, in part:

(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other requirement of this subtitle, and not later 

than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation 

shall determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the national 

airspace system before completion of the plan and rulemaking required by section 332 of 

this Act or the guidance required by section 334 of this Act.

(b) Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--In making the determination under 

subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine, at a minimum--

(1) which types of unmanned aircraft systems, if any, as a result of their size, 

weight, speed, operational capability, proximity to airports and populated areas, 

and operation within visual line of sight do not create a hazard to users of the 

national airspace system or the public or pose a threat to national security; and

(2) whether a certificate of waiver, certificate of authorization, or airworthiness 

certification under section 44704 of title 49, United States Code, is required for 

the operation of unmanned aircraft systems identified under paragraph (1).
20

(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Secretary determines under this section that 

certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the national airspace system, 

the Secretary shall establish requirements for the safe operation of such aircraft systems 

in the national airspace system.

In seeking this exemption, AgScan submits that the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS can operate 

safely in the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the characteristics of 

the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS; (b) the pilot certification requirement; and (c) the specific 

operating limitations.

a. The Specifications Of The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Demonstrate Its 

Safe Characteristics. 

The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, 

or otherwise pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational 

capability. 

i. Technical Specifications Of The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS.

The technical specifications of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS are set forth at pages 77-80 

of the Draganflyer X4-ES User Manual, attached hereto as Exhibit A. Exhibit A contains 

proprietary information and is to be held in a separate file pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.35(b)1.

ii. The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Autonomous Flight And 

Navigation Modes Enable The UAS To Remain Within A 

Defined Operational Area.

The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS may be operated in either the semi- autonomous or fullyautonomous flight modes. In its basic configuration, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS autonomous 

flight mode features include a GPS Position and Altitude Hold, and a Return To Home (RTH)

function. While utilizing the GPS Position and Altitude Hold feature, the UA will automatically 

 

1 Exhibits to this Petition contain proprietary information, and in accordance with 14 C.F.R. § 

11.35(b), are not to be included in the Federal Docket Management System (FDMS).
21

hold its position, altitude and heading. The RTH function commands a direct route to the 

original point of launch, where the UA will perform an autonomous landing. 

A complete description of the GPS Position and Hold function of the Draganflyer X4-ES

UAS is provided at pages 34-35 of the Draganflyer X4-ES User Manual, attached hereto as 

Exhibit A. Exhibit A contains proprietary information and is to be held in a separate file 

pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.35(b).

iii. The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Is Designed For Automatic Return 

To Home Or Auto-Land In The Event Of Loss Of The Control 

Link Or Navigation.

According to the manufacturer of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, in the unlikely event of a 

low battery condition or loss of the control link, the UA will automatically land or return to the 

point of launch. An altitude threshold can also be programmed, so that the UA will not exceed a

preset altitude. 

Through the GCS, the PIC may select whether the UA will return to the point of launch 

or automatically land in the unlikely event of the loss of the control link. If the automatic 

landing feature is selected, the UA will begin a slow, safe, automatic descent to landing if the 

control link is lost. Through feedback via on-board inertia sensors, the UA motors are turned off 

and the rotors stop spinning, when the UA touches down upon landing.

Upon a loss of the control link, if the return to point of launch is selected, the UA will 

begin to return to the point of launch, in a direct line. Once the UA returns to the point of 

launch, it will hover to begin the manual landing process, or, if the control link has not been 

reestablished, the UA will automatically land. If the control link is reestablished during a loss of 

control link situation, the PIC may begin to manually control the UA. 
22

Additionally, the PIC will receive audible and visual alerts at the GCS in the event of 

degradation of the GPS signal or control link. If less than six GPS satellites are within range of 

the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, the PIC will receive an audible and visual “Low GPS Warning”,

which will also disable the GPS Position and Hold feature, as well as the RTH feature. 

Likewise, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will provide an audible and visual warning to the PIC at 

the GCS if the control link is lost, while the UA enters failsafe mode and either begins to return 

to the point of launch, or automatically lands, depending upon the PIC’s previous settings. Once 

the control link is reestablished, the PIC will be notified through audible and visual alerts at the 

GCS. 

A description of the fail-safe systems of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS is attached hereto 

as Exhibit B. Exhibit B contains proprietary information and is to be held in a separate file 

pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.35(b).

iv. The Draganflyer GCS And Its Operation.

A complete description of the operation and specifications of the Draganflyer X4-ES 

UAS GCS and flight control software is provided in the Draganflyer GCS User Manual. A copy 

of the Draganflyer GCS User Manual, which contains proprietary information, is attached hereto 

as Exhibit C, and is to be held in a separate file pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.35(b).

b. Flight Operations Of The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Are Limited To 

The Line Of Sight Of A Certificated Pilot in Command With 

A Safety Observer.

AgScan will only utilize certificated pilots who possess a valid and current airman 

medical certificate to act as a pilot in command (PIC) of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS. 

Additionally, a safety observer will assist all pilots.
23

c. Flights Of The Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Will Be Conducted Pursuant 

To Specific Operating Limitations.

In seeking this exemption, AgScan proposes to commercially operate the Draganflyer 

X4-ES UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions over rural areas of United 

States, pursuant to the following specific operating limitations:

1) Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the following aircraft 

described in the operator’s manual which is a quad rotor aircraft weighing less than 5.5

pounds: Draganflyer X4-ES Unmanned Aircraft System. Proposed operations of any 

other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this grant. 

2) The UA may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 26 knots.

3) The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL), as indicated by the procedures specified in the operator’s manual. All altitudes 

reported to ATC must be in feet AGL. 

4) The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. 

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than 

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate. 

5) All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The VO may be used to satisfy the 

VLOS requirement, as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and 

PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times. The PIC must be designated 

before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the duration of the flight. 

6) The operator’s manual and this grant of exemption must be maintained and made 

available to the Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the 

conditions and limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operator’s 

manual, the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. 

Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operator’s manual. 

The operator may update or revise its operator’s manual. It is the operator’s responsibility 

to track such revisions and present updated and revised documents to the Administrator 

upon request. The operator must also present updated and revised documents if it 

petitions for extension or amendment. If the operator determines that any update or 

revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then the 

operator must petition for amendment to their exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration 

Office (AFS-80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or revisions to the 

operator’s manual. 

7) Prior to each flight the PIC must inspect the UAS to ensure it is in a condition for safe 

flight. If the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the 

aircraft is prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed 
24

and the UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground Control Station 

must be included in the preflight inspection. All maintenance and alterations must be 

properly documented in the aircraft records. 

8) Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation 

or flight characteristics (e.g. replacement of a flight critical component), must undergo a 

functional test flight in accordance with the operator’s manual. The PIC who conducts the 

functional test flight must make an entry in the UAS aircraft records of the flight. The 

requirements and procedures for a functional test flight and aircraft record entry must be 

added to the operator’s manual.

9) The preflight inspection must account for all discrepancies, i.e. inoperable 

components, items, or equipment, not covered in the relevant preflight inspection sections 

of the operator’s manual. 

10) The operator must follow the manufacturer’s UAS aircraft/component, maintenance, 

overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements, with particular attention to 

flight critical components that may not be addressed in the manufacturer’s manuals. 

11) AgScan must carry out their maintenance, inspections, and record keeping 

requirements in accordance with the operator’s manual. Maintenance, inspection, and 

alterations must be noted in the aircraft logbook, including total flight hours, description 

of work accomplished, and the signature of the authorized UAS technician or PIC

returning the UAS to service. 

12) AgScan UAS technicians must receive and document training referenced in the 

operator’s manual.

13) Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer System 

and Safety Bulletins. 

14) AgScan maintenance personnel must make a record entry in the UAS logbook or 

equivalent document of the corrective action taken against discrepancies discovered 

between inspections. 

15) The PIC must possess at least a private pilot certificate and a third-class airman 

medical certificate. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 14 

C.F.R. § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate. 

16) The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless that PIC has demonstrated,

through the training and currency requirements set forth in the operator’s manual, that the 

PIC is able to safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be 

operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 
25

17) UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 C.F.R. § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights 

under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized. 

18) The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of the airport reference point as 

denoted on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart. The UA may not operate within 

3 nautical miles from any city or densely populated area.

20) The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC. 

21) If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a 

pre-determined location within the private or controlled-access property and land, or be 

recovered in accordance with the operator’s manual. 

22) The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies in 

accordance with the operator’s manual. 

23) The PIC is prohibited from beginning a UAS flight unless (considering wind and 

forecast weather conditions and assuming normal cruising speed) there is enough power 

to fly to the first point of intended landing prior to utilizing battery reserve power. 

24) The operator must obtain an Air Traffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate of 

Waiver or Authorization (COA) prior to conducting any operations under this grant of 

exemption. This COA will also require the operator to request issuance of a Notice to 

Airman (NOTAM) not more than 72 hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours prior to 

the operation. 

25) All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 47, and have identification (NNumber) markings in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as 

large as practicable. 

26) Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and 

control of the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or 

other appropriate government oversight agency requirements. 

27) The documents required pursuant to 14 C.F.R. 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to 

the PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. 

These documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement 

official upon request. 

28) The UA must remain clear and yield the right of way to all other manned aviation 

operations and activities at all times. 

29) The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 
26

30) The UA may not be operated over congested or densely populated areas. These areas 

include but are not limited to the yellow areas depicted on World Aeronautical Charts 

(WAC), Sectional Aeronautical Charts (Sectionals), or Terminal Area Charts (TAC). 

However, aeronautical charts may not reflect pertinent local information. Ultimately, it 

is the PIC’s responsibility to maintain the minimum safe altitudes required by § 91.119. 

31) Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons (persons other than the PIC or VO), vessels, vehicles, and structures unless: 

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons 

from debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure that 

nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises where 

nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of the UA, 

flight operations must cease immediately and/or; 

b. the aircraft is operated near vessels, vehicles or structures where the land 

owner/controller has granted permission and the PIC has made a safety 

assessment of the risk of operating closer to those objects and; 

c. operations near the PIC or VO do not present an undue hazard to the PIC or VO, 

per § 91.119(a). 

32) All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission from 

land owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained prior to the beginning 

of every flight. 

33) Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported to 

the FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported 

to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions contained on the 

NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov. 

2. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 61.113(a) 

And (b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety.

AgScan submits that the equivalent level of safety established by Section 61.113(a) and 

(b) will be maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS 

unless that PIC has demonstrated, through the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS training and currency 

requirements, that the PIC is able to safely operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS in a manner

consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and maintaining 

appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures.
27

Considering AgScan’s proposed area of operations, and the operating limitations set 

forth-above; the parallel nature of private pilot aeronautical knowledge requirements to those of 

commercial pilot requirements (See Exemption No. 11062); and the airmanship skills necessary 

to safely operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, AgScan submits that the additional manned 

airmanship experience of a commercially certificated pilot would not correlate to the airmanship 

skills necessary for AgScan’s specific proposed flight operations.

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a) and (b)

specific to UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. 

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 

11136, 11138).

As in Exemption No. 11109, AgScan will not allow any PIC to operate the Draganflyer 

X4-ES UAS unless that PIC has demonstrated through the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS training and 

currency requirements, that the PIC is able to safely operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS in a 

manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

A complete description of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS Training and Qualification 

requirements is set forth in Exhibit D. Exhibit D contains proprietary information and is to be 

held in a separate file pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.35(b).

3. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.7(a)

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety.

The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because 

prior to every flight, AgScan will ensure that the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS is in an airworthy 

condition based upon the aircraft’s conformity to its type design, including compliance with its

operating documents (i.e., the Draganflyer X4-ES User Manual and the Draganflyer System 
28

Maintenance Manual), and that the UA is in a condition for safe flight, as stated in the conditions 

and limitations contained herein.

Notably, the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS was the subject of a previous Grant of Exemption 

from Section 91.7(a) (Exemption No. 11109). Additionally, the FAA has previously granted 

relief from Section 91.7(a) specific to UAS, in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to 

those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 

11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138).

4. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 91.121

Would Not Adversely Affect Safety.

The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because 

the altitude information of the Draganflyer X4-ES UA will be provided to the PIC via GPS 

equipment and a radio communications telemetry data link, which downlinks from the UA to the 

GCS for active monitoring of the flight path and altitude. This altitude information, combined 

with AgScan’s operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UA within visual line of sight, at or below 

400 feet AGL, will ensure a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121. The altitude 

information will be generated by GPS equipment installed onboard the aircraft. Prior to each 

flight, a zero altitude initiation point is automatically established by the UAS. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138).

5. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Section 

91.151(b) Would Not Adversely Affect Safety.

A grant of this exemption would ensure an equivalent level of safety established by 14

C.F.R. Section 91.151(b) as a result of (1) the technical specifications of the Draganflyer X4-ES
29

UAS; (2) the limitations on the proposed flight operations; and (3) the location of the proposed

flight operations. Accordingly, AgScan will ensure that it will safely operate the battery 

powered Draganflyer X4-ES UA during daylight hours in VMC conditions, under VFR, with 

enough battery power to fly for a total duration of 15 minutes to the first point of intended 

landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least five minutes (i.e., 25 

percent battery power remaining).

Similar to the FAA’s Grant of Exemption No. 11109, AgScan hereby submits that the 

technical specifications of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS; the limitations on the proposed flight 

operations; and the location of the proposed operations, will ensure an equivalent level of safety 

established by 14 C.F.R. Section 91.151(b). Furthermore, an equivalent level of safety will be 

ensured as the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS provides audible and visual warnings to the PIC at the 

GCS when the UA reaches 20 percent and 10 percent of battery power remaining.

Significantly, previous exemptions granted by the FAA concerning Section 91.151

establish that safety is not adversely affected when the technical characteristics and operating 

limitations of the UAS are considered. Relief has been granted for manned aircraft to operate at 

less than the minimums prescribed in Section 91.151, including Exemption Nos. 2689, 5745, and 

10650. Moreover, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151 specific to UAS,

in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110,

11136, 11138).
30

6. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements Of Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety.

In seeking this exemption, AgScan submits that an equivalent level of safety with regard 

to the regulatory maintenance and alteration requirements established by Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) will be met because AgScan will use 

manufacturer trained technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or preventive maintenance 

on the UAS using the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed in the manufacturer’s 

maintenance manual. Furthermore, AgScan will document and maintain all maintenance records 

for the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS. 

Since the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will be inspected as prescribed by the manufacturer’s

maintenance manual, AgScan will maintain the equivalent level of safety established by Sections

91.405(a), 91.409(a)(1), and 91.409(a)(2). The Draganflyer System Maintenance Manual sets 

forth airworthiness requirements for the UA, including preflight inspections, as well as scheduled 

maintenance after every three months, every year or 300 flight hours (whichever comes first), 

and after every 600-flight hours.

Likewise, the exemption sought will not adversely affect safety because AgScan will use 

manufacturer trained technicians to perform maintenance, alterations or preventive maintenance 

on the UAS using the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed by the manufacturer’s

maintenance manual. The Draganflyer System Maintenance Manual details procedures for 

inspection, firmware upgrades, motor testing, and motor replacement.

A complete description of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS maintenance requirements is set 

forth in the Draganflyer System Maintenance Manual, attached hereto as Exhibit E. Exhibit E
31

contains proprietary information and is to be held in a separate file pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 

11.35(b).

Furthermore, the exemption sought would maintain an equivalent level of safety 

established by Sections 91.407, 91.417(a) and 91.417(b), because all maintenance of the 

Draganflyer X4-ES UAS will be performed by manufacturer trained technicians, which will 

document and maintain maintenance records for the UAS. 

Significantly, previous exemptions granted by the FAA concerning the Draganflyer X4-

ES UAS and Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) 

establish that safety is not adversely affected when the technical characteristics and operating 

limitations of the UAS are considered. 

In consideration of AgScan’s proposed operating limitations, the Draganflyer X4-ES 

User Manual, and the technical aspects of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, AgScan submits that 

safety will not be adversely affected by granting exemption from 14 C.F.R. Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1) and (a)(2), 91.409(a)(2), and 91.417(a) and (b). The FAA has previously granted 

relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein 

(e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 

11136, 11138).

 7. The FAA May Prescribe Any Other Conditions For Safe Operation.

In accordance with Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012

(FMRA) and 14 C.F.R. § 21.16 entitled Special Conditions, AgScan requests that the FAA

prescribe special conditions for the intended operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, which 

contain such safety standards that the Administrator finds necessary to establish a level of safety 

equivalent to that established by 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H, and 14 C.F.R §§ 61.113(a) & (b), 

91.7 (a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b). 
32

Such special conditions will permit AgScan’s safe operation of the UA for the limited purpose of 

conducting aerial acquisitions over certain rural areas of the United States for compensation or 

hire. FMRA Section 333 sets forth the requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a 

hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security; and

further, provides the authority for such UAS to operate without airworthiness certification in 

accordance with any requirements that must be established for the safe operation of the UAS in 

the NAS. 

Likewise, the Administrator may prescribe special conditions pursuant to 14 C.F.R. 

§ 21.16, for operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, since the airworthiness regulations of 14 

C.F.R. Part 21 do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards, due to the novel or 

unusual design features of the aircraft. Section 21.16, entitled Special Conditions, states the 

following:

If the FAA finds that the airworthiness regulations of this subchapter do not contain 

adequate or appropriate safety standards for an aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller 

because of a novel or unusual design feature of the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, 

he prescribes special conditions and amendments thereto for the product. The special 

conditions are issued in accordance with Part 11 of this chapter and contain such safety 

standards for the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller as the FAA finds necessary to 

establish a level of safety equivalent to that established in the regulations.

See 14 C.F.R. § 21.16.

Therefore, in accordance with FMRA Section 333 and 14 C.F.R. § 21.16, the FAA may

prescribe special conditions for AgScan’s intended operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS, 

which contain such safety standards that the Administrator finds necessary to establish a level of 

safety equivalent to that established by 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H, and 14 C.F.R Sections 

61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b).
33

F. A Summary That Can Be Published In The Federal Register, stating:

The Rules From Which AgScan Seeks Exemption:

AgScan, Inc. seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R Sections 61.113(a)&(b), 

91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) 

& (b).

A Brief Description Of The Nature Of The Exemption AgScan Seeks:

This exemption will permit AgScan, Inc. to commercially operate an Unmanned Aircraft 

System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research over certain 

rural areas of the United States.

G. Any Additional Information, Views, Or Arguments Available To Support 

AgScan’s Request.

This Petition is made pursuant to the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012

(FMRA) Section 333, which directs the Secretary of Transportation to determine if certain UAS

may operate safely in the NAS. As such, AgScan’s request for exemption may be granted 

pursuant to the authority of FMRA Section 333 and 14 C.F.R. Part 11, as set forth above. 

FMRA Section 333 sets forth the requirements for considering whether a UAS will create 

a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security; and 

further, provides the authority for such UAS to operate without airworthiness certification. 

As discussed in detail above, AgScan will operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS safely in 

the NAS, without creating a hazard to users of the NAS, or the public, or otherwise pose a threat 

to national security.

CONCLUSION

As set forth herein, AgScan seeks an exemption pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.61 and 

Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA), which will permit safe 

operation of the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS commercially, without an airworthiness certificate, for 

the limited purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions over certain rural areas of the United States
34

for compensation or hire. By granting this Petition, the FAA Administrator will be fulfilling the 

Congressional mandate of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, while also 

advancing the interests of the public, by allowing AgScan to safely, efficiently, and economically

operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS commercially within the NAS.

WHEREFORE, in accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulations and the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Section 333, AgScan respectfully requests that the 

Administrator grant this Petition for an exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R Sections 

61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 

91.417(a) & (b), and permit AgScan to operate the Draganflyer X4-ES UAS commercially for 

the purpose of conducting aerial acquisitions and research over certain rural areas of the United 

States.

Dated: January 23, 2015

Respectfully submitted,

The Aviation Law Firm

/s/ Gregory S. Winton

____________________________

Gregory S. Winton, Esq.

Jared M. Allen, Esq. 

1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway

Suite 300

Annapolis, Maryland 21401

Tel: (301) 294-8550

Fax: (866) 568-9886

Attorneys for Petitioner 

cc: James H. Williams, AFS-80

Robert Pappas

Dean Griffith, Esq.