COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present Chief Judge Decker, Judges Athey and White

Argued at Richmond, Virginia

KENNETH ALAN ROSE

MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY

v. Record No. 0992-22-2 JUDGE KIMBERLEY SLAYTON WHITE

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CHESTERFIELD COUNTY

Steven C. McCallum, Judge

Kevin E. Calhoun for appellant.

Virginia B. Theisen, Senior Assistant Attorney General (Jason S. 

Miyares, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

A jury convicted Kenneth Alan Rose of forcible sodomy, attempted rape, four counts of 

aggravated sexual battery, and two counts of indecent liberties. The trial court sentenced Rose to 

130 years’ incarceration, with 98 years suspended. Rose argues that “credible testimony from the 

victims was necessary to prove any and all elements of the . . . charges, and that if the victims’ 

testimony was inherently incredible and unworthy of belief then none of the elements of those . . . 

charges can be proven.” While Rose acknowledges that he did not preserve his argument for 

appellate review, he asks this Court to consider it under Rule 5A:18’s ends of justice exception. We 

find that Rose has not demonstrated that a manifest injustice has occurred; therefore, Rule 5A:18 

bars this Court from considering Rose’s argument for the first time on appeal. Accordingly, we 

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413(A).

UNPUBLISHED
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BACKGROUND

On appeal, we recite the facts “in the ‘light most favorable’ to the Commonwealth, the 

prevailing party in the trial court.” Hammer v. Commonwealth, 74 Va. App. 225, 231 (2022) 

(quoting Commonwealth v. Cady, 300 Va. 325, 329 (2021)). In doing so, we “discard the evidence 

of the accused in conflict with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the credible 

evidence favorable to the Commonwealth and all fair inferences to be drawn therefrom.” Cady, 300 

Va. at 329 (quoting Commonwealth v. Perkins, 295 Va. 323, 324 (2018)).

In 2012, the appellant married Kelly Rose and moved into the family home with Kelly and 

her three minor daughters, A.M., K.M., and C.M. The girls considered Rose to be their father figure 

as their natural father was deceased. They called him “Dad.” Rose helped pay bills and care for 

C.M., who was wheelchair bound and “fully disabled” after being hit by a car when she was three 

years old.

The three girls slept in a bunk bed in a room next to Kelly and Rose’s bedroom. A.M. slept 

on the top bunk while K.M. and C.M. shared the bottom bunk. Beginning when A.M. was younger 

than twelve, Rose often entered the girls’ bedroom around 5:00 or 6:00 a.m., pulled down A.M.’s 

pants, put his mouth on her vagina, and “rub[bed] his . . . penis” on her vagina. Sometimes, Rose

ejaculated onto A.M.’s vagina, thigh, or stomach and “wipe[d] it off” with her sheets. When Rose 

and A.M. were alone, Rose kissed A.M. and touched A.M.’s breasts and vagina, both over and 

under her clothing. Rose also touched A.M.’s vagina with a “pink vibrator,” touched the area 

between her breasts with his penis, and penetrated A.M.’s mouth with his penis once in the laundry 

room. A.M. testified that the abuse occurred “[a] lot,” more than ten times, and Rose “bribe[d]” her 

by offering to “buy [her] something.” Rose stopped abusing A.M. after she moved into her own 

room. A.M. did not report the abuse to an adult because her aunt had “lost her kids for the same 

reason” and she did not want to be “taken away from [her] mom.” 
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K.M. similarly testified that from around the age of thirteen until she was seventeen, Rose 

entered her bedroom “[e]very night for as long as [she could] remember” and touched her with 

“[h]is hands and his mouth.” He “[c]upped” her breasts, inserted his fingers inside her vagina, and 

touched the outside of her vagina with a vibrator “[q]uite a few times.” In addition, Rose 

unsuccessfully tried to insert his penis into K.M.’s vagina more than once. When K.M. took baths, 

Rose came in and touched her all over her body. Along with the sexual abuse performed while in 

the bedroom and bathroom, Rose “touched” K.M. while in the basement. K.M. testified that once

Rose took her to the laundry room and “made [her] use [her] mouth” on his penis. K.M. did not 

report Rose’s abuse because she was “scared,” “didn’t know what would happen” to her, and was 

afraid of being taken from her mother. 

On July 12, 2020, A.M. and Rose were arguing about the family’s dog after Rose lifted the 

dog by its neck, pinned it against the wall, and threatened to “get rid” of it because the girls were not 

“cleaning up” after it. Following the argument, A.M. talked to K.M., and they reported Rose’s 

abuse to Kelly because they “didn’t want to live like that anymore” and “just couldn’t do it 

anymore.” Kelly initially did not believe her daughters’ report and accused them of lying. 

The girls then called Christina Riggins, their uncle’s fiancée, and told Christina that Rose 

had been “touching [them] for years every night.” Riggins described both girls as “hysterical”

during the phone call. After A.M. reported what Rose had done, Riggins immediately drove to their 

house and, upon realizing that Rose was home and not leaving, took the girls to a nearby gas station. 

When Rose later left the home, Riggins returned with the girls and persuaded Kelly to call 

the police. In response to the report, Chesterfield County Police Detective McGill arrived at the

home and developed a safety plan with Kelly. Detective McGill did not speak with A.M. or K.M.

since they had moved temporarily out of the house where Rose was; instead, he arranged for 

forensic interviews at a child advocacy center for July 17, 2020. 
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Detective McGill observed the interviews and subsequently returned to the house to retrieve 

the pink vibrator both girls had mentioned. Detective McGill did not send the vibrator for forensic

analysis “due to the amount of time that [had] elapsed.” He also did not collect the girls’ “bedding” 

because K.M. reported during the interview that the last instance of abuse had been “a couple 

weeks” earlier. Detective McGill testified that, during the forensic interview, A.M. did not mention 

fellating Rose and did not mention any bribing by Rose. 

At trial, A.M. admitted that she never cried for help during the abuse even though Kelly was 

in the adjacent bedroom. She also admitted that she did not tell Riggins about the abuse earlier, yet 

still testified to their close relationship. K.M. testified that she sometimes heard Rose getting into 

bed with A.M. and would “get up out of . . . bed, go in the bathroom, turn the lights on, . . . in hopes 

that he would stop.” K.M. also testified that A.M. “look[ed] down” from the top bunk while Rose 

abused her more than once. 

A.M. admitted that she and K.M. gave Rose a Father’s Day card in 2020 containing 

adulatory references that their mother had purchased. Inside the card, A.M. wrote that Rose was the 

“best daddy ever”; K.M. wrote, “happy fathers [sic] day.” K.M. also admitted that in 2016, while 

the abuse was ongoing, she posted on her Facebook page, “I love you so much mom and dad! I 

couldn’t ask for better parents.” 

Rose moved to strike the evidence at the close of the Commonwealth’s case-in-chief 

regarding only two charges of object sexual penetration, arguing that there was no evidence that 

Rose penetrated the girls with the vibrator. The trial court agreed and dismissed those charges. 

Rose then called Kelly, who testified that A.M. and K.M. typically went to bed around 1:00 a.m. 

Kelly described herself as a light sleeper and claimed she would have awoken if Rose left bed. 

Kelly testified that she confronted Rose after A.M. and K.M.’s allegations and he assured her that 

he would “never hurt” them “like that.” 
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Kelly admitted that she had scheduled forensic examinations for A.M. and K.M. but 

cancelled the appointments because they did not “want to go.” She identified several pictures 

depicting Rose and the girls together in various contexts and speculated that the girls may have 

fabricated the allegations because “[t]hey don’t like discipline. They don’t like being told what to 

do.” Kelly admitted that she did not call the police immediately because she did not want to lose 

Rose, who was still her husband and helped support the family. 

Rose did not make a motion to strike at the close of all the evidence. After argument by 

counsel, the jury convicted Rose of forcible sodomy, attempted rape, four counts of aggravated 

sexual battery, and two counts of indecent liberties. Rose appeals.

ANALYSIS

“No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless an 

objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling, except for good cause 

shown or to enable this Court to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18. The rule “requires a 

litigant to make timely and specific objections, so that the trial court has ‘an opportunity to rule 

intelligently on the issues presented, thus avoiding unnecessary appeals and reversals.’” Brown 

v. Commonwealth, 279 Va. 210, 217 (2010) (quoting West v. Commonwealth, 43 Va. App. 327, 

337 (2004)). Rose concedes that his argument is not preserved for appeal1but asks this Court to 

address it under Rule 5A:18’s ends of justice exception. 

“The ‘ends of justice’ exception to Rule 5A:18 is ‘narrow and is to be used sparingly.’” 

Melick v. Commonwealth, 69 Va. App. 122, 146 (2018) (quoting Pearce v. Commonwealth, 53 

1 Before the sentencing hearing, Rose filed a pro se motion to strike the jury’s verdict. 

The trial court determined that it could not “consider or read” the motion because it was an “ex 

parte communication.” Accordingly, the motion was never properly presented to or ruled upon 

by the trial court. See Williams v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 341, 347 (2010) (holding that 

when an appellant does not obtain a ruling from the trial court, “there is no ruling for [this Court] 

to review” and the argument is waived under Rule 5A:18 (quoting Fisher v. Commonwealth, 16 

Va. App. 447, 454 (1993))).
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Va. App. 113, 123 (2008)). Whether to apply the ends of justice exception involves two 

questions: “(1) whether there is error as contended by the appellant; and (2) whether the failure 

to apply the ends of justice provision would result in a grave injustice.” Commonwealth v. Bass, 

292 Va. 19, 27 (2016) (quoting Gheorghiu v. Commonwealth, 280 Va. 678, 689 (2010)). “The 

burden of establishing a manifest injustice is a heavy one, and it rests with the appellant.” Holt 

v. Commonwealth, 66 Va. App. 199, 210 (2016) (en banc) (quoting Brittle v. Commonwealth, 54 

Va. App. 505, 514 (2009)).

“[T]o invoke the ends of justice exception when sufficiency of the evidence has been 

raised for the first time on appeal, an appellant must do more than show that the Commonwealth 

failed to prove an element or elements of the offense.” Redman v. Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 

215, 221 (1997). “Otherwise, we would be required under the ends of justice exception to 

address the merits of every case where a defendant has failed to move to strike the 

Commonwealth’s evidence as being insufficient to prove an element of the offense.” Id. 

Instead, to establish that a miscarriage of justice has occurred, an “appellant must demonstrate 

that he or she was convicted for conduct that was not a criminal offense or the record must 

affirmatively prove that an element of the offense did not occur.” Id. at 222.

Rose argues that A.M. and K.M.’s testimony was so “inherently incredible and unworthy of 

belief” that the Commonwealth failed “to prove any and all elements of the eight charges.” He 

asserts that A.M. and K.M. had a “motive to lie” because they did not report the alleged abuse for 

years and instead waited until right after they had been in an argument with Rose about the family 

dog. Rose emphasizes that K.M. initially refused to answer questions; he maintains that the normal 

family life, as shown by the Father’s Day card and photographs, “negated the possibility” that he 

had abused the girls. 
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Rose argues that the girls’ testimony included many inconsistencies and contradictions. He 

emphasizes that A.M. did not mention Rose’s bribes or the oral sodomy during her forensic 

interview. Similarly, K.M. adamantly testified that Rose had orally sodomized her despite only 

telling the forensic interviewer that it was a possibility. Rose also points to various other alleged 

“inconsistencies” regarding how many times and at what time of night the abuse occurred, whether 

and how often Rose ejaculated, when the last incident of abuse occurred, and Kelly’s sleeping 

habits. Finally, Rose asserts that no forensic or corroborative evidence supported A.M. and K.M.’s 

testimony. 

By their express terms, Rose’s arguments are merely attempts to demonstrate that “the 

Commonwealth failed to prove an element . . . of the offense[s].” Redman, 25 Va. App. at 221. 

Indeed, Rose points to nothing in the record affirmatively proving that an element of the offense 

did not occur or that he was convicted for non-criminal conduct. Furthermore, Rose is legally 

incorrect that the victims’ testimony must be corroborated. See Bazemore v. Commonwealth, 42 

Va. App. 203, 213 (2004). Factfinders are “free to believe or disbelieve, in part or in whole, the 

testimony of any witness.” Id. Thus, Rose’s arguments are legally insufficient to invoke the 

ends of justice exception to permit us to consider his sufficiency argument raised for the first 

time on appeal. Here, the exception does not apply to Rose and Rule 5A:18 bars us from 

considering his argument.

CONCLUSION

Having failed to preserve his sufficiency argument below or to satisfy the requirements of 

the ends of justice exception to Rule 5A:18, Rose is barred from seeking appellate review of his 

sufficiency challenge. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Affirmed.