T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he H onor abl e S us a n R . B ol t on, U ni t e d S t a t e s D i s tr i c tJ udge f orthe ** D i s tr i c tof

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-A pp el l ee , v. K Y M S T A C O R P ., aC a lif o rn ia c orpor a t i on, D e f

e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t. N o. 08- 55861 D . C. N o . 2 : 0 2 - c v - 0 5 4 9 7 - V BF- RC ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e C e n tr a l D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia V a l e r i e B a ke rF a i rba nk, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d D e c e m be r8, 2009

P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B e f o r e : T HO MP S ON a n d S I L VE R MAN, C i r c u i tJ u d g e s , a n d B OL T ON , ** D i stri ctJudg e. D ef endant -app el l antK ym st a C orp. , a c l othi ng m anufacturerand w ho l es al er , appe a l s the i s s ua nc e of

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# FI LED DE C 30 2009 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U
. S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

its u s e o f th e n a m e “R o x y w e a r .” A s th e f a c ts a n d p r o c e d u r a l h is to ry a r e f a m ilia rto th e p a rtie s a n d d e s c r ib e d b y th e c o u r ts , s e e , e . g. , Q ui k s i lv e r, I nc . v . K y m s ta C or

p. , 46 6 F . 3d 74 9, 75 1-55 (9th C i r. 20 06 ), w e do n otre ci t e them here exce ptas n e c e s s a ry t o e x p l a i n o u rd e c i s i o n . W e h a v e j u r i s d i c t i o n p u r s u a n tt o 2 8 U . S. C. § 1291, a nd w e A F F I R M , butm odi f y the s c ope of

the i nj unc t i on. I . R e s ubm i s s i o n W i t h Suppl e m e nt a lI ns t r uc t i o ns K ym st a argues the di stri ctcourterre d i n res ub m i tt i ng an i ni t i al spec i al ve r di c tw i th s uppl e m e nt a l i ns truc t i ons . W e r e vi e w s uc h ade c i s i on f orabus e of d is c r e tio n . D uk v. M GM G randH

ot el , Inc. , 320 F . 3d 1052, 1056- 57, 1058 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 3 ) ( e x p la in in g , “r e s u b m ittin g a n in c o n s is te n t v e r d ic t b e s t c o m p o r ts w ith th e f

a ira n d e f

f ic ie n t a d m in is tr a tio n o f

ju s tic e ” ) . I n thi s c a s e , the di s tr i c tc our tpr ope r l y r e s ubm i tt e d the ve r di c tdue t o a pot e nt i a l i nc ons i s t e nc y i n the j ury ’ s r e s pons e s — the j ury f ound al i ke l i hood of c onf us i on f ortr a de m a rk i nf

r i nge m e nt , butnotf

orf a l s e de s i gna t i on of

or i gi n, de s pi t e am a rke d s i m i l a r i ty be tw e e n the que s t i ons . A s Q ui ks i l ve ra r gue s , the i ncon si st encym ayhave been du e t o j ury c on fusi on as t o the m eani ng of “ ordi nary pur c ha s e r s . ” A c c or di ngl y , the di s tr i c tc our ta c t e d w i thi n i t s di s c r e t i on i n c l a r i f y i ng “o r d in a ry p u r c h a s e r s ” o n r e s u b m is s io n . See B onne rv . G uc c i one , 178 F . 3d 581, 58 7-88 (2d C i r. 19 99 ) ( ho l di ng thatre subm i ss i on t o a j ury w i th correc t ed3

i nstruct i on s i s proper because the tri al j ud ge i s i nt i m at el y aw ar e of possi bl e s ou rc es of j ury c on fusi on ). In addi t i on , the di stri ctcourtprop er l y det erm i ned thatpastharm w as irr e le v a n t to th e c la im s . Se e , e . g. , N in th C ir c u it M o d e l C iv il J u ry I n s tru c tio n s 1 5 .5 (200 8) (e xcl ud i ng harm as an el em entof 15 U . S . C . § 1 11 4(1) tra dem ark i nfri ng em entand § 11 25 (a )( 1) fa l se desi gn at i on of ori gi n cl ai m s) . T he di stri ct court , thu s, ac t ed w i thi n i t s di sc re t i on i n i nstruct i ng the j ury t o i gn ore the harm q u e s tio n s o n r e d e lib e r a tio n . II. In n o cen t U se D efen se K y m s t aa l s o a r gue s the di s tr i c tc our te rr e d i n hol di ng tha tthe § 1115( b) ( 5) st atu t o ry i n n o cen tu se d efen se w as i n ap p l i cab l e t o th e § 1 1 2 5 (a)(1 ) fal se d e s ig n a tio n o f

o r ig in c la im . W e c o n c lu d e th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t d id n o t e rrin th is r e ga r d. I n Q ui ks i lve r, Inc. , 4 6 6 F . 3 d at7 6 1 , w e h el d th atth e st atu t o ry i n n o cen tu se d e f e n s e is d is tin g u is h ab le f r o m th e c o m m o n la w in n o c e n t u s e d e f e n s e in th a t it d o e s n o tr e q u i r e as h o wi n g o f “ r e m o t e n e s s . ” I n d i s t i n g u i s h i n g th e s e d e f e n s e s , we im p lic itly c o n c lu d e d th a t th e c o m m o n la w in n o c e n t u s e d e f e n s e r e m a in e d av iab le d e f e n s e w h e r e ac la im a n t a s s e rts c o m m o n la w tr a d e m a rkr ig h ts . See a l so 5 M C C ARTHY ON T RADEMARKS AND U NFAIR C OMPET I TI ON§ 26: 4 ( 2009) ( T he
c om m on law i nnoc e ntus e de f e ns e “ i s f ol l ow e d w he n [ § 1125( a ) ] i s us e d a s the4

ve hi c l e t o a s s e rtc om m on l a w r i ght s i n f e de r a l c our t . ” ) . T o c l a i m f a l s e de s i gna t i on of or i gi n, Q ui ks i l ve rdi d notr e l y on pr oof of f e de r a l tr a de m a rk r e gi s tr a t i on, but i nst ea d sho w ed thati t s m arks w er e i nh er ent l y di st i nct i ve or acqui re d sec on dary m e a ni ng be f

or e K y m s t aus e d the R O X Y W E A R na m e s . T hus , Q ui ks i l ve r , vi athe fa l se desi gn at i on of ori gi n cl ai m , as se rt ed i t s c om m on l aw ri gh t s. T o d ef ea tsuch ri gh t s, K ym st a w ou l d h ave had t o est abl i sh the com m on l aw i nn ocentuse def ense , w hi c h i tdi d notdo. II I. L ach es I n th e f ir s t d is tr ic t c o u rt p r o c e e d in g , K y m s tap r e v a ile d o n its la c h e s d e f e n s e . See Q ui k s i lv e r, I nc . v . K y m s ta C or

p. , N o. 02- 5497, a t3 ¶ 5 ( C . D . C a l . F e b. 23, 2 0 0 4 ). Q u ik silv erd idn o t ap p ea l th at ju d g m en t. O n re m an d , o v erK ym sta’s obj e c t i on, the di s tr i c tc ourtde pa rt e d f r om the l a w of

the c a s e a nd r e ve r s e d the pr i or la c h e s ru lin g . W e r e v ie w b o th d e te rm in a tio n s f o rab u s e o f

d is c r e tio n . I

n r e B e a ty , 3 0 6 F .3 d 9 1 4 , 9 2 1 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 2 ) ( a d d r e s s in g la c h e s ) ; Mi l ga rd T em peri ng, Inc. v. Se la s C o r

p . o f A m. , 90 2 F . 2d 70 3, 71 5 (9th C i r. 19 90 ) ( addres si ng l aw of the ca se ). T he di s tr i c tc ourta c t e d w i thi n i t s di s c r e t i on i n de pa r t i ng f r om the l a w of

the ca se du e t o sub st ant i al l y di ff er entevi dence pres ent ed atre tri al . F or exam pl e, ev i d en ce p resen t ed atretri al sh o w ed th at , aft er th e fi rsttri al , K ym st a b eg an t o u se R O X Y W E A R i n c onne c t i on w i th c ont e m por a ry s por t s w e a r , t a r ge t i ng hi ghe r - e nd5

and sl i gh t l y ol der f

em al es than the previ ou s j un i ors’ l i ne. E vi dence al so show ed thatK ym st a ow ns other c on t em po raryl i nes, w hi ch K ym st a’ s e xecut i ves des cr i bed a s “ i nt e r c ha nge abl e . ” A s the di s tr i c tc our tnot e d, thi s e vi de nc e i s r e l e va ntt o the e x te n t o f h a rm s u f

f e r e d b y K y m s tab e c au s e o f Q u ik s ilv e r ’s d e la y in b r in g in g s u it. K y m s t aa s s e rt s tha tthi s e vi de nc e w a s pr e s e nt e d a tthe f i r s ttr i a l ; how e ve r , i n the s e c ond tr i a l , K y m s t a ’ s of f i c e r s a dm i tt e d t o the tr a ns i t i on of the R O X Y W E A R l i ne an d th e i n t erch an g eab i l i ty o f th e l i n es, ev i d en ce w h i ch w as u n av ai l ab l e i n i t i al l y. T he di stri ctcourtal so ac t ed w i thi n i t s di sc re t i on i n revers i ng the l ac hes rul i ng on the m e r i t s . Q ui ks i l ve r ’ s de l a y be y ond the pe r i od of the s t a t e s t a tut e of l i m i t at i on s r ai se d a pres um pt i on of l ac hes. T he di stri ctcourtthen w ei gh ed the ES ys te ms f a c t or s i n c onc l udi ng tha tQ ui ks i l ve rove r c a m e the pr e s um pt i on. T he d is tr ic t c o u rt d id n o t ab u s e its d is c r e tio n in m a k in g th e s e d e te rm in a tio n s . I V . P e r m an e n t I n j u n c t i on K y m s t aobj e c t s t o the gr a ntof ape rm a ne nti nj unc t i on a nd c ha l l e nge s the d i s tr i c tc o u rt ’ s ap p l i c a t i o n o f th e f o u rf a c t o r s f r o m eB ay Inc. v. Mer cE xc ha ng e, L. L. C. , 547 U . S . 388, 391 ( 2006) . K y m s t aa l s o obj e c t s t o the s c ope of the i nj un ct i on . “ W e r evi ew a di stri ctcourt ’ s grantor deni al of an i nj un ct i on , as w el l as th e s c o p e o f

th e in ju n c tio n , f

o rab u s e o f

d is c r e tio n .” Internet

Sp ec i al t i es W

. , Inc. v. Mi lon -D i G i orgi o E nt er s. , Inc. , 55 9 F . 3d 98 5, 99 3 (9th C i r. 20 09 ).6

1. G r an t of

P e r m an e n t I n j u n c t i on K y m s tap r im a r ily o b

je c ts to th e d is tr ic t c o u r t’s f in d in g th a t Q u ik s ilv e ris lik e ly to s u f

f e rirr e p a r ab le in

ju ry if th e in ju n c tio n is d e n ie d . See Wi n te rv . N R DC , 129 S . C t . 365, 375 ( 2008) ( r e qui r i ng pl a i nt i f f s s e e ki ng pr e l i m i na ry i nj unc t i ve rel i ef t o sh o w “ th ati rrep arab l e i n j u ry i s like ly i n the abse nce of an i nj un ct i on ”) . I n f i ndi ng i rr e pa r abl e i nj ury , the di s tr i c tc our tc i t e d V isi on Sp ort

s, Inc. v. Me lv i l le C or

p. , 8 8 8 F .2 d 6 0 9 , 6 1 2 n .3 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 8 9 ) , f o rth e p r o p o s itio n th a t,

“ [O ] nce the pl ai nt i ff

es t abl i shes a l i kel i ho od of confusi on , i ti s ordi nari l y pre sum ed th a tth e p l a i n t i f

f wi l l s u f f e ri rr e p a r ab l e h a rm i f

i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f

i s n o tg r a n t e d . ” As K ym st a arg u es, th i s p resu m p t i o n m ay h av e b een cal l ed i n t o q u est i o n b y eB ay . H ow ever , the di stri ctcourtdi d n otre l y on thi s pre sum pt i on . T he di stri ctcourt i d en t i fi ed l i k el i h o o d o f fu tu re h arm d u e t o : K ym st a’ s i n ab i l i ty t o co n tro l ret ai l ers’ us e of the R O X Y W E A R m a rk; c onf l i c t i ng i nt e rne tm a rke t i ng; a nd K y m s t a ’ s i nt e nt to c h a n g e its p r ic e - p o in t o rd is tr ib u tio n , p o te n tia lly d a m a g in g Q u ik s ilv e r ’s b r a n d . T h u s , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt in d e p e n d e n tly a n d a d e q u a te ly a s s e s s e d irr e p a r ab le in ju ry . K y m s t a ’ s othe robj e c t i ons t o the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s gr a ntof a n i nj unc t i on do not c h a n g e th is r e s u lt. 2. S c op e of

t h e P e r m an e n t I n j u n c t i on7

K y m s taa r g u e s th a t th e in ju n c tio n is n o t n a rr o w ly ta ilo r e d , a s r e q u ir e d . A l though the di s tr i c tc ourtha s “ c ons i de r abl e di s c r e t i on i n f a s hi oni ng the t e rm s of an i nj un ct i on , ” an i nj un ct i on m ustbe “ t ai l ored t o el i m i nat e onl y the spec i fi c harm al l eged. ” E . & J

. G al lo W

i ne r y v . G al lo C at t le C o. , 96 7 F . 2d 12 80 , 12 97 (9th C i r. 1992) . W e c onc l ude tha tthe i nj unc t i on appe a l e d i s ove rbr oa d. T r a de m ark l a w author i z e s c our t s t o appl y “ pr i nc i pl e s of e qui ty ” i n gr a nt i ng in ju n c tio n s “u p o n s u c h te rm s a s th e c o u r t m a y d e e m r e a s o n ab le . . . to p r e v e n t a vi ol a t i on unde r[ § 1125( a ) ] . ” 15 U . S . C . § 1116( a ) . I n de t e rm i ni ng the ap p r o p r ia te n e s s a n d s c o p e o f in ju n c tiv e r e lie f

, s e v e r a l f

a c to r s m a y b e r e le v a n t. See g e n e r a lly R EST AT EMEN T (T HIRD ) O F U NFAIR C OMPET I TI ON§ 35( 2) ( 1995) ( l i s t i ng, f o re x a m p le , th e “n a tu r e a n d e x te n t o f th e w r o n g f

u l c o n d u c t,” “an y u n r e a s o n ab le d e la y b y th e p la in tif

f in b r in g in g s u it,” a n d “th e r e la tiv e h a rm lik e ly to r e s u lt” to th e p a rtie s ’ in te r e s ts ) . W e h a v e a ls o e x p la in e d th a t “lik e lih o o d o f c o n f u s io n to c ons um e r s i s the c r i t i c a l f a c t ori n ourc ons i de r a t i on of . . . the br e a dth of

the in ju n c tio n .” I

n te rn e t S p e c i a l t i e s W. , 5 5 9 F .3 d a t 9 9 3 n .5 . H er e, the di stri ctcourtac kn ow l edged thata “ cl ose[ ] qu es t i on i s r ai se d w he the ram or e l i m i t e d i nj unc t i on, s uc h a s the one the c our ti s or de r i ng dur i ng the ph as e- ou tperi od , w ou l d b e the prop erre m edy. ” I nd ee d, i n 2 00 4, the di stri ctcourtT he onl y m a rke d di f f e r e nc e be tw e e n the 2004 i nj unc t i on a nd the 2008 1 p h ase-o u tp eri o d i n

j u n ct i o n i s th atth e 2 0 0 4 i n j u n ct i o n ad d i t i o n al l y b arred th e u se of R O X Y W E A R m a rks on “ aknoc k- of f of a ny R O X Y c l othi ng pr oduc t . ” I n the fi rstap p eal , w e v acat ed th e 2 0 0 4 i n j u n ct i o n , b u tal so n o t ed th atth e “ ‘ k n o ck -o ffs’ pr ohi bi t i on” i m pe rm i s s i bl y w e nt“ be y ond the c l a i m s a s s e r t e d i n the c om pl a i nta nd the evi dence pres ent ed attri al . ” Q ui ks i lve r, Inc. , 466 F . 3d a t754 n. 4. T hus , the d is tr ic t c o u rt p r o p e r ly a d d r e s s e d th is c o n c e rn in d r a f tin g th e 2 0 0 8 in

ju n c tio n . W e a l so no t e thatthe R O X Y W E A R nam es al l ud e t o R ox anne H eptner, 2 pres i dentand p art -ow ner of K ym st a, and w e are “ re l uct antt o p re cl ud e an in d iv id u a l’s b u s in e s s u s e o f h is o w n n a m e w h e n n o a tte m p t to c o n f u s e th e p u b lic has bee n m ade. ” Fr i e nd v
. H. A
. Fr i e nd & C o. , 41 6 F . 2d 52 6, 53 1 (9th C i r. 19 69 ). 8 grant ed a s i m i l arl i m i t ed i nj un ct i on . Q ui ksi l ver di d n otchal l enge the sc op e of that 1 i nj unc t i on, buti ns t e a d a r gue d t o thi s c our ttha tthe l i m i t e d i nj unc t i on w a s s uf f i c i e nt

“ t o a voi d c onf

us i on i n the m a rke tpl a c e be tw e e n R O X Y a nd R O X Y W E A R , ” by

“ on l y bar [r i ng ] K ym st a f rom new and d i ff

er entuses of the m ark. ” A pp el l ee Q u ik s ilv e r , I n c .’s A n s w e r in g B r ie f 5 6 , Q ui k s i lv e r, I nc . v . K y m s ta C or

p. , 466 F . 3d 7 4 9 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 6 ) ( c ap ita liz a tio n a lte r e d ) , 2 0 0 4 W L 2 2 9 4 2 6 1 . C o n si d eri n g K ym st a’ s i n n o cen tad o p t i o n o f th e R O X Y W E A R m ark s, Q ui ks i l ve r ’ s de l a y i n br i ngi ng s ui t , the pa r t i e s ’ l ong pe r i od of c oe xi s t e nc e i n the m a rk e t, a n d Q u ik s ilv e r ’s o w n a d m is s io n th a t th e lim ite d in ju n c tio n is s u f

f ic ie n t to a voi d c onf

us i on i n the m a rke tpl a c e , w e hol d tha tthe i ns t a nti nj unc t i on s houl d be e qua l l y l i m i t e d. Se e , e . g. , E . & J. G a l lo W i n ery , 967 F . 2d a t1297- 98 ( m odi f y i ng 2 th e d i s tr i c tc o u rt ’ s i n

j u n c t i o n d u e t o o v e rb r e a d th ) . I n p a r t i c u l a r , we m a k e two9

altera ti o n s to th e in

ju n ctio n d es cr ib ed o n p ag es 7 th ro u g h 9 o f th e d istrict co u rt’s ju d g m e n t. See Q ui k

s i lv e r, I nc . v . K y m s ta C or

p. , N o . 0 2 - 5 4 9 7 , a t 6 - 9 ( C .D . C a l. A pr . 15, 2008) (

j udgm e nt ) . F i r s t , w e s tr i ke the f ol l ow i ng l a ngua ge f

r om the i nj unc t i on de s c r i be d i n pa r a gr aph 6 of pa ge s 7 a nd 8: 6. K y m s t aa nd i t s di r e c t or s , of f i c e r s , e m pl oy e e s a nd a ge nt s a r e he r e by perm anent l y e nj oi ned and re stra i ned, pu rs uantt o 1 5 U . S . C . § 1 11 6(a) , f r o m: ( a ) U s i ng, orpe rm i tt i ng the us e of , the “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” , “ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” or“ R oxy w e a r ” m a rks , ora ny o th e rmarkc o n f

u s i n g l y s i mi l a rt o Qu i k s i l v e r ’ s QU I KSI LVER R O X Y a nd R O X Y tr a de m a rks , t o m a rke t , s e l l , a dve r t i s e a nd/ or i d en t i fy an y cl o th i n g p ro d u ct s; ( b) F a l s e l y de s i gna t i ng the or i gi n of a ny c l othi ng pr oduc t s by us i ng, orpe rm i tt i ng the us e of , the “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” , “ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” or“ R oxy w e a r ” m a rks , ora ny o th e rmarkc o n f

u s i n g l y s i mi l a rt o Qu i k s i l v e r ’ s QU I KSI LVER R O X Y an d R O X Y trad em ark s. ( c ) P r ovi de d, how e ve r , tha tK y m s t as ha l l be pe rm i tt e d, f orape r i od o f 1 8 m o n th s fro m th e d at e o f th i s Ju d g m en t , t o co n t i n u e t o u se the “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” a nd “ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” m arks t o m arket , se l l and i dent i fycont em po rarysport sw ear p ro d u ct s, w h i l e i tp h ases o u tal l u se o f sai d m ark s; S e c o n d , w e p e rm a n e n tly im p o s e th e la n g u a g e o f th e lim ite d in

ju n c tio n d e s c r ib e d in p a r a g r ap h 7 o f

p a g e s 8 a n d 9 , a n d p a r a g r ap h 8 o f p a g e 9 , to p r o v id e : 7. K y m s t aa nd i t s di r e c t or s , of f i c e r s , e m pl oy e e s a nd a ge nt s a r e he r e by p erm an en t l y en

j o i n ed an d restrai n ed fro m u si n g , o r p erm i tt i n g th e u se of , the “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” a nd “ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” m a rk s to m a rk e t, s e ll o rid e n tif y a n y c lo th in g p r o d u c ts o th e rth a n in th e w h o le s a le m a rk e t f

o rth e s a le o f

y o u n g w o m e n ’s c lo th in g to r e ta il a c c ountbuy e r s . S pe c i f

i c a l l y , t o de s i gna t e the s our c e a nd or i gi n of the p r o d u c ts a n d to a v o id c o n f u s io n in th e m a rk e tp la c e , in te ra lia :10 ( a ) T he t e rm “ R oxy w e a r ” m us tbe di s pl a y e d, pr e s e nt e d, s how n or o th e rw is e u s e d a s o n e w o r d , w ith a ll le tte r s in th e s a m e f o n t, s a m e typ e - s iz e , s a m e c o lo ra n d s a m e f o rm a t; ( b ) O n e o f

th e f o llo w in g id e n tif

ie r s m u s t b e c o n s p ic u o u s ly di s pl a y e d w he ne ve rthe t e rm “ R oxy w e a r ” i s di s pl a y e d, p r e s e n te d , s h o w n o ro th e rw is e u s e d : “b y R o x a n n e H e p tn e r ,” “ by R ox x, ” or “ by K ym st a” ; ( c ) T he “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” a nd “ R oxy w e a rby R ox x” m arks shal l on l y be di spl ay ed, pres ent ed, show n o r use d on the i nt e r i orl abe l s a f

f i xe d t o the i ns i de of

a ny a r t i c l e of c l othi ng, a nd s pe c i f

i c a l l y s ha l l notbe di s pl a y e d, pr e s e nt e d, show n o r use d o n the ou t si de of any art i cl e of c l othi ng , such as i m pr i nt i ng on ori nc orpor a t i ng i n the de s i gn of the f abr i c the “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” or“ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” m a rks a s al ogo orbr a nd orus i ng the “ R oxy w e a rby R oxa nne H e ptne r ” or“ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” m a rks on a ny ba dgi ng, t a gs orl abe l s a f

f i xe d t o the out s i de of

a ny a rt i c l e of

c l othi ng; ( d) C l othi ng be a r i ng the “ R oxy w e a rbyR oxa nne H e ptne r ” or “ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” m a rks s ha l l onl y be s ol d thr ough K y m s t a ’ s c urr e ntc ha nne l s of di s tr i but i on; ( e ) C l othi ng be a r i ng the “ R oxy w e a rbyR oxa nne H e ptne r ” or “ R oxy w e a rby R oxx” m a rks s ha l l notbe a dve r t i s e d or p r o m o te d to c o n s u m e r s , e x c e p t th r o u g h c o - o p a d v e r tis e m e n ts p l aced d i rect l y b y ret ai l ers; 8. F urther, K ym st a and i t s di re ct ors, offi ce rs , em pl oyee s and agent s are he r e by pe rm a ne nt l y e nj oi ne d a nd r e s tr a i ne d f r om s e l l i ng orl i c e ns i ng ora s s i gni ng t o a ny thi r d pa r ty a ny r i ght s i n ort o the “ R oxy w e a rby R o x an n e H ep tn er”, “ R o x yw ear b y R o x x ” o r “ R o x yw ear” m ark s.

CONCL US I ON F orthe f or e goi ng r e a s ons , w e A F F I R M the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s r e s ubm i s s i on of th e f ir s t ju ry v e r d ic t a n d its ju d g m e n ts o f f a ls e d e s ig n a tio n o f

o r ig in a n d la c h e s .11

T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s g r a n t o f a n in ju n c tio n is a ls o A F F I R M E D , b u t th a t in ju n c tio n is mo d i f i e d a s d e s c r i b e d i n Pa rtI V . 2 . o f th i s me mo r a n d u m.