# Patent

## Title
Seed-specific expression vector and its construction methods and applications

## Abstract

A seed-specific expression vector and its construction methods and applications are disclosed. A fusion protein expression cassette consisting of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene-apolipopoprotein A-IMilano (A-IM) gene driven by Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter is inserted between the HindIII and SacI sites of a plant binary expression vector pBI121, obtaining the plant expression vector pBINOA of the invention. In addition, a method for producing apolipoprotein A-IMilano is provided, in which the expression vector is used to transform oil sunflower which is used as a plant bioreactor. The method can not only improve the yield of apolipoprotein A-IMilano, but also greatly reduce production costs, and is suitable for industrial production.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application relates to and claims priority from PCT/CN2010/079620 filed Dec. 9, 2010, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, and which further claims priority from CH Ser. No. 200910250703.9 filed Dec. 9, 2009.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a seed-specific expression vector and its construction methods and applications, and in particular to a seed-specific expression vector and its construction methods and a method for producing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (AIM) in oil sunflower with this vector.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. It is estimated that, by 2015, approximately 20 million people will die from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (such as myocardial infarction and apoplexy) are the leading complications of atherosclerosis (AS). So far, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has not been fully understood. Abnormal lipid metabolism is one of the main risk factors that cause this disease. High-level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and low-level of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are the two most important risk factors. Traditional strategies of treatment are to reduce the content of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) in blood plasma. Statins are the preferred lipid-lowering drug at present. However, they cannot eliminate existing plaques deposited on artery wall, or fundamentally cure atherosclerosis (AS). More and more scientists in different countries have turn to the other risk factor, low-level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Epidemiological studies indicate that, the level of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in blood plasma is in negative correlation to the incidence of coronary diseases. It is believed that high density lipoprotein contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis. Treating atherosclerosis through improving the level of high density lipoprotein is a new approach for treating acute coronal atherosclerosis diseases that is emerging in pharmaceutical industry. It is called high density lipoprotein targeted therapy. Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) is the main proteic component of high density lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein A-I is synthesized in liver and small intestine. The primary translation product is the preproprotein (preproapo A-I) containing 267 amino acid residues. Preproprotein is then processed into the proprotein (proapo A-I), through the cleavage of an octadeca peptide by signal peptidase. The proapo is secreted and processed into mature plasma apolipoprotein A-I through cleavage of a hexapeptide (Arg-His-Phe-Trp-Gln-Gln) by specific extracellular converting enzymes. The mainly mechanism of action of apolipoprotein A-I is to promote the cholesterol efflux, antioxidation, and to decrease platelet aggregation.
Apolipoprotein (apolipoprotein A-IM, apoA-IM) is a natural mutant of apolipoprotein A-I (Arg173-Cys). Compared with apolipoprotein A-I, the loss of Arg173 leads to the reduction of content of α-helix and the enhancement of the capability to bind lipid. Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano tends to form a dimer (A-IM/A-IM). This dimer stimulates the reverse transport of cholesterol, and thus the clearance of cholesterol, more efficiently than apolipoprotein A-I. Compared with apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano more efficiently decrease the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. At present, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is the only pharmaceutical protein that is shown to remove the thrombus deposited on artery wall, with broad application prospect.
It is reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) recently that, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano effects changes of artery atherosclerosis lesion with unprecedentedly speed and amplitude and little side effect. With various application prospects, it has become the focus of pharmaceutical research and industrial competition worldwide. Pfizer, the largest pharmaceutical company in the world, estimates that any drug reversing artery plaque may be a billion dollar business. Therefore, the development of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano will definitely bring about enormous economical and social benefits, as well as enhance the competitive strength in the field of drug development against cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis diseases.
In addition, data obtained from small-scale clinical trials reveal that the clinical dosage of apolipoprotein A-I is 5-6 g per treatment course. The high therapeutic dosage of apolipoprotein A-I and the high prevalence of atherosclerosis suggest huge market demand and also an opportunity for the development of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano. At present, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is produced by Eperion, US by means of biosynthesis, which is of high cost and low yield and undesirable for large-scale production. The recombinant expression of the protein in bacterial system is generally attractive. However, the yield is low, and Escherchia coli endotoxin tends to form tight complex with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano. Besides, the protein purification method is expensive and poor in safety. Therefore, there is the need for a method of producing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano with high yield and efficiency.
Plant bioreactor, also called molecular medicine farming, refers to the large-scale production of heterologous proteins of importance and commercial value, especially medical proteins used for the treatment or diagnosis of diseases, by a plant biological system. Mammalian antibodies were successfully expressed in transgenic plants for the first time in 1989. Both the heavy and light chains were expressed and correctly assembled in transgenic tobacco, demonstrating for the first time the possibility to use plant as a bioreactor. Since then, researches directed to transgenic plants have been rising. Many other medical proteins have been expressed in different plants sooner or later, such as hirudin, interferon, human albumin, and functional antibodies. Plants already used in plant bioreactor research include tobacco, Arabidopsis thaliana, soybean, wheat, rice, rape, potato and tomato, etc.
SemBioSys Genetic, Inc, a Canadian biotechnology company developing protein drug combinations for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, filed a patent application in China (CN1906296A) regarding the method for producing apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano with transgenic Carthamus tinctorius and Arabidopsis thaliana, in which a chimeric nucleic acid construct is introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana or Carthamus tinctorius. Apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is expressed in seeds upon seed setting. Arabidopsis thaliana is an annual or biennial herb. It has the smallest genome among all plants. Due to its high generic homozygosity, high mutation rates may be achieved upon physical or chemical treatments, providing various metabolic deficiency phenotypes. Thus Arabidopsis thaliana represents a good material for genetics research, and is called “the fruit fly of the plant world”. Though Arabidopsis thaliana is widely used in experimental contexts, it is not utilized in large-scale production. Carthamus tinctorius is an annual herb. Its seed can be used for oil extraction, and thus it is an important oil crop. It is distributed in the temperate zone. In China, it is mainly distributed in the Northwest (in particular Xinjiang and Tibet), and then North China and Northeast regions. Carthamus tinctorius suffers from the disadvantage of relatively low yield per mu (120-150 kg) and suboptimal oil content of the achene (34 ̃55%), resulting in low productivity of the end product protein and a high cost.
Therefore, there is still the need for a method for producing apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano with stable and high yield, low cost, and simple procedures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The inventor, upon extensive investigation and creative work, accomplished the invention by stably and high-efficiently producing apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano through the construction of a specific expression vector and utilizing oil sunflower as bioreactor.
The present invention is directed to a method for producing apolipoprotein A-I or apolipoprotein A-I-Milano by recombinant DNA technology, in particular a method for producing apolipoprotein A-I or apolipoprotein A-I-Milano using oil sunflower as the host. Specifically, the invention involves the expression of the gene of a fusion protein consisting of Arachis hypogaea oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I or apolipoprotein A-I-Milano in oil sunflower oil body, thereby producing the important drugs apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano preferably apolipoprotein A-I-Milano, used for treating atherosclerosis and the related cardiovascular diseases.
In one aspect, the invention provides a seed-specific expression vector comprising apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene fused with Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene fused with Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene, preferably apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene fused with Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene, in which the promoter of the said vector is the Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter. The above vector is used for producing apolipoprotein A-I or apolipoprotein A-I-Milano, preferably apolipoprotein A-I-Milano in oil sunflower.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for the construction the above high-efficient seed-specific expression vector, including the following steps:
1) Isolating and cloning of Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene;
2) Designing and synthesizing an apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene according to the codon preference of the plant;
3) Constructing a plant expression vector in which the fusion of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I gene is driven by Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter.
The details of the steps are explained as follows:
1) Isolating and cloning of Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene: The 20 kD oleosin gene promoter is amplified by PCR from Brassica napus genome DNA, and cloned into pUC19 (purchased from MBI), obtaining a recombinant plasmid pUCN. The Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene lacking the stop codon is amplified by PCR using Arachis hypogaea genome DNA as template. The specific rape variety may be one that is published or used in the art, such as Qingyou 14, Hufeng 101, cold-resistance king of high oil, Early Oil 100-Day, Qingyou 2, etc., preferably Qingyou 14. The Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter may be cloned between the appropriate sites of pUC19, and preferably between the HindIII and BamHI sites of pUC19. The Arachis hypogaea variety may be one that is already published or used in the art, such as Jihua 4, Jiyou 7, Baisha, Luhua 11, Haihua, Fenghua 1, etc., preferably jihua 4.
2) Designing and synthesizing an apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene according to the codon preference of the plant: This is to optimize apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I gene (preferably the former) according to the codon usage of Helianthus animus. All codons with the usage frequency of less than 10% shall be regarded as rare codons and thus abolished, while the remaining codons shall be optimized according to the frequency of Helianthus annuus codon usage. The molecular weight of gene before optimization is 451.4. The sequence identity of the sequences before and after optimization is higher than 60%, preferably higher than 65%, even preferably higher than 72%. The preferable molecular weight of gene after optimization is 451.3. For the usage frequency of Helianthus annuus codons, reference may be made to http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi?species=4232.
3) Constructing a plant expression vector in which the fusion of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I gene is driven by Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter: The fusion gene of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene is constructed by overlapping PCR. Preferably, Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene is fused with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene, obtaining the fusion gene Ole/apoA-IM. The fusion gene is linked into pUCN, preferable between the BamHI and SacI sites, obtaining recombinant plasmid pUCNOA. The recombined plasmid pUCNOA is subjected to double digestion, preferably with HindIII and SacI, to recover the exogenous fragment of 2202 bp. The exogenous fragment is subsequently inserted between the HindIII and SacI of pBI121, a binary plant expression vector commonly used in plant transgenic engineering, obtaining pBINOA, the plant expression vector in which the fusion gene of Arachis hypogaea oleosin with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is driven by Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter, or in which the fusion gene of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene with apolipoprotein A-I is driven by Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for producing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I with the above seed-specific plant expression vectors, including the following steps:
1) introducing the above construction expression vectors into an explant of a receptor plant;
2) cultivating the above receptor plant materials into a complete plant and obtain seeds thereof;
3) isolating apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I from the seeds.
Preferably, the receptor plant is oil sunflower. Preferably, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is produced.
The specific procedures include the following details.
1) A seed-specific plant expression vector carrying apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene is introduced into the explant of a oil sunflower restoring line. The method for introducing the seed-specific plant expression vector into the restoring line of oil sunflower may be a conventional introduction method in the art, including but not limited to gene gun bombardment, pollen-tube pathway, ovary injection, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, preferably Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the seed-specific plant expression vector carrying apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene is introduced into Agrobacterium, which mediates the transformation of the explants of the restoring line of oil sunflower. The explants include shoot apexes excised from sterile seedling, cotyledon, cotyledon node, and seedlings with one cotyledon detached. Preference is made to seeding plant stripped of one cotyledon.
2) Resistance seedling is obtained through resistance selection of the regenerated plants obtained after transgenesis, and is transplanted into greenhouse after rootage for cultivation until maturity to harvest seeds. The resistance seedling is transplanted into greenhouse after taking root for vermiculite and nutritional soil mixture cultivation. PCR test and southern blotting test shall be conducted during the Seedling Stage. Western blotting test shall be conducted after harvest against the fusion protein of oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano;
3) The seed containing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I is ground in buffer solution. The oil body is separated from other components of the seed by centrifugation and washed. Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I is released from the oil body surface through digestion, purified by HPLC, and subjected to identification.
In the vector and method of the invention, Brassica lupus oleosin promoter is used. Experimental research indicates that this promoter can greatly improve the expression efficiency of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene. Preferably, Kozak consensus sequence may be positioned near the initiator codon of oleosin gene, further improving the expression efficiency.
In the vector and method of the invention, the apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I is expressed as fusion protein with oleosin. The protein of interest is specifically expressed in transgenic plants in the oil body as fusion with oleosin. Taking advantage of the hydrophobic/lipophilic characteristic of the oil body, the seeds of the transgenic plant is subjected to grind, extraction, centrifugation, and recovery of the upper oil phase, thereby separating the fusion protein from other components in the cell. More than 90% of seed proteins can be removed. Preferably, a thrombin recognition site is positioned between oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I for releasing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano from oil body, thereby simplifying the purification process of the expression product and improving the purification efficiency. The preferred oleosin is Arachis hypogaea oleosin. The fusion expression of Arachis hypogaea oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I is optimal in terms of quality and quantity.
In the vector and method of this invention, in order to improve the expression efficiency of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene, the apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene or apolipoprotein A-I gene is optimized according to apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I gene sequence, the preference of codon usage of Helianthus annuus and GC content, and is fully synthetic.
In the methods of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I production disclosed by this invention, the preferable plant bioreactor is oil sunflower. As an important oil crop in China, oil sunflower has a long planting history and irreplaceable advantages relative to other crops. With high yield and as a drought tolerance crop, oil sunflower can be planted in severe environment such as alkali soils, arid areas, and even in deserts. It is therefore suitable for large-scale planting. The planting of oil sunflower does not conflict with alimentary crops, and is beneficial in terms of improving the utilization of mountain ridges and dry and unfruitful area, alleviating the insufficiency of cultivated land. Therefore, it is particularly beneficial in China to use oil sunflower as bioreactor for the large-scale production of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano. A most significant advantage is the greatly improved production efficiency and productivity achieved by oil sunflower as bioreactor, compared with prior art methods using Carthamus tinctorius as the bioreactor for the production of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I.
The following advantages are achieved by the method of producing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano of the invention.
1. The heterologous protein expressed in plant is similar to the protein expressed in mammals and can be correctly fold. This is of particular importance for the production of medical proteins with in vivo activity.
2. The apolipoprotein A-I-Milano produced in plant bioreactor is safer, because it avoids the contamination of E. coli endoxin or pathogens.
3. The oil body expression system of transgenic plant used for expressing apolipoprotein A-I-Milano greatly simplifies the purification process, reduces cost, and facilitates the industrialization, compared with Arabidopsis thaliana and Carthamus tinctorius systems already adopted by SemBioSys Genetics.
4. The seed-specific plant expression vector and preparation method introduced by this invention can greatly improve the expression quantity of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I, which can reach 1.5% of the total protein content of seed.
5. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is used, which not only reduce cost and improves transformation efficiency, but also improves the genetic stability of the transgenic plant.
This invention utilizes transgenic technology to develop a high expression efficiency plant bioreactor. The resultant product, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano or apolipoprotein A-I, is an potent drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis diseases.
Definitions:
Unless specially defined otherwise, all terms referred in this invention shall have the common meanings in the field, wherein the meaning of abbreviations are provided as follows:
LDL: Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
HDL: High density lipoproteins (HDL)
TC: Total cholesterol (TC) in blood plasma
LDL-C: Low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C)
apoA-I: Apolipoprotein A-I
apoA-IM: Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (AIM)
A-IM/A-IM: apolipoprotein A-I-Milano dimer
pUC19: a common E. coli cloning vector, obtained from MBI
pBI121: a common plant expression vector in plant transgenic engineering
pUCN: pUC19 vector carrying Brassica napus oleosin promoter (NOP) inserted between the HindIII and BamHI sites
Ole/apoA-IM: Fusion gene of Arachis hypogaea oleosin with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano 
pUCNOA: pUC19 vector carrying the fusion gene of Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter (NOP), Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano, inserted between the HindIII and SacI sites
pBINOA: pBI121 vector carrying the fusion gene of Brassica napus oleosin promoter (NOP), Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano, inserted between the HindIII and SacI sites.



DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of the Seed-specific plant expression vector pBINOA;
FIG. 2 Schematic Drawing of the Construction Process of Seed-specific plant expression vector pBINOA;
FIG. 3 pUCN vector Restriction Enzyme Digestion Identification and PCR Detection;
FIG. 4 Construction of Ole/apoA-IM Fusion gene;
FIG. 5 pUCNOA vector Restriction Enzyme Digestion Identification;
FIG. 6 Restriction Enzyme Digestion Identification of Seed-specific Plant Expression Vector pBINOA;
FIG. 7 PCR Detection of npt II Gene in Transgenic Oil Sunflower;
FIG. 8 PCR Detection of apolipoprotein Gene in Transgenic Oil Sunflower;
FIG. 9 PCR-Southern Blotting Results of Transgenic Oil Sunflower;
FIG. 10 Western Detection of the oleosin-Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano Fusion Protein in Transgenic Oil Sunflower Kernel Oil Body; and
FIG. 11 Western Detection of the trans-apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene oil sunflower seed and carthamus tinctorius seed to obtain apolipoprotein A-I-Milano protein by separation and purification.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following embodiments are provided for further description of this invention, and are not construed as limiting to the scope of the invention. Given the present disclosure, alterations may be made to this invention without departing from the spirit of this invention. All these alterations are within the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the methods referred to in the following embodiments are practiced according to general practice in this field.
Example 1: Seed-Specific Plant Expression Vector
Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter (NOP) was amplified by PCR, inserted into pUC19 between the HindIII and BamHI sites, obtaining pUCN. Apolipoprotein gene was designed according to apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (AIM) gene sequence and the codon usage of Helianthus annuus, synthetically produced, and inserted at the 3′ end of the Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene (Ole), obtaining the fusion gene of Arachis hypogaea oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano. Thrombin cleavage site was added between the Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene and the apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene. The fusion gene was inserted into pUCN between the BamHI and SacI sites to obtain pUCNOA. pUCNOA was double digested with HindIII and SacI. The 2202 bp exogenous fragment was collected on agarose gel, and inserted between the and SacI sites of plant binary expression vector pBI121, obtaining the plant expression vector pBINOA of the invention. The expression cassette of pBINOA is the Ole/apoA-IM fusion gene driven by Brassica napus oleosin promoter. The structure of pBINOA is shown in FIG. 1. 1: Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter; 2: Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene; 3: thrombin cleavage site; 4: apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene. By sequencing of pBINOA, the sequence of the expression cassette is obtained as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, with the length of 2202 bp.
Example 2: Construction of Seed-Specific Plant Expression Vector pBINOA
The construction of the plant expression vector pBINOA is shown in FIG. 2. The specific procedures are provided as follows.
Cloning of Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter: Brassica napus is an important oil crop. The oil content is up to 42 ̃45%. The 20 kD oleosin in Brassica napus oil body is 10 times the amount of 24 kD oleosin. Forward primer pBINOA-1: CCC AAG CTT TTC AAC GTG GTC GGA TCA TGA CG (SEQ ID NO:1) and reverse primer pBINOA-2: CGC GGA TCC GAA TTG AGA GAG ATC GAA GAG (SEQ ID NO:2) for the PCR amplification of Brassica napus 20 kD oleosin gene promoter were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter (Genbank No. AF134411) in which HindIII and BamHI cleavage sites were introduced (the underlined section). Using the genome DNA of Brassica napus Qingyou 14 variety as the template and pBINOA-1 and pBINOA-2 as primers, Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter was amplified by PCR with the following conditions: 94° C. 1 min, 63-73° C. 1 min, and 68° C. 1 min, and 10 min of extension at 68° C. after 30 cycles. The amplification product was recovered by agarose gel electrophoresis, double digested with HindIII and BamHI, and connected to pUC19 digested with HindIII and BamHI. The ligation product was mixed with 2004 of DH5α competent cell (purchased from Tiangen Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), and then subjected to ice bath for 30 min, heat shock for 1.5 min at 42° C., and ice bath for 3 min. 8004 LB culture medium was added and cultured for 45 min at 37° C. Aliquots of the transformation reaction was plated on LB agar containing 50 μg/mL ampicillin and incubated overnight at 37° C. The transformants were screened by PCR using pBINOA-1 and pBINOA-2 as primers. PCR conditions were 94° C. 1 min, 60-73° C. 1 min, 72° C. 1 min, and 10 min of extension at 72° C. after 30 cycles. The PCR product was subjected to electrophoresis with agarose gel for verification. The positive transformant was named as pUCN. The positive transformant was shaken in liquid culture medium. Plasmid was extracted through alkaline lysis. The plasmid was subjected to single enzyme digestion identification with HindIII and double enzyme digestion identification with HindIII and BamHI. The results displayed by agarose gel electrophoresis are shown in FIG. 3. M: DNA Molecular Weight Marker λDNA/EcoT14I; L1: product of restriction enzyme digestion of pUCN plasmid with HindIII as 3565 bp fragment; L2: products of double digestions of pUCN plasmid with HindIII and BamHI, as the vector fragment of 2662 bp and the promoter of 903 bp; and L3: promoter of 903 bp obtained from PCR detection of pUCN plasmid. pUCN is sequences according to the following procedures: (1) Using pUCN as template, conduct PCR reaction with pUC19 common sequencing primer to obtain PCR product; (2) purify PCR product to remove enzyme, florescent dye, primer, and other ions; (3) use 3730 sequencer (ABI Ltd.) to sequence the purified PCR product after degeneration and ice bath; (4) automatically analyze and print out colored sequencing map and DNA sequence by the machine. The length of the exogenous fragment in pUCN is 903 bp. The sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:3. The molecular weight is 556.7 kDa. The enzyme digestion results and sequencing results suggest that, Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter was successfully cloned into pUC19.
Artificial synthesis of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene: Based on apolipoprotein A-I gene sequence (SEQ ID NO:4, NM000039) (amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5) and the codon usage of Helianthus annuus (http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi?species=4232), as well as the GC content in Helianthus annuus (genome, apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene is redesigned and synthesized. Residue C at position 517 was mutated into T, and at the 5′ end of the gene a thrombin cleavage site was added, with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6 (CTGGTCCCAA GGGGTAGC) and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7 (L V P R G S). The molecular weight of the synthesized apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene was 462.4 kDa, and the sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:8. The encoded protein is composed of 249 amino acid residues and the molecular weight is 28.585 kDa.
Amplification of Ole/apoA-IM fusion protein gene: Two pairs of specific primers (pBINOA-3/pBINOA-4 and pBINOA-5/pBINOA-6, wherein the sequences are SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, and SEQ ID NO:12 respectively) were designed according to the sequence of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene (Genbank No. AF325917) and the sequence of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene (SEQ ID NO:8). pBINOA-3 and pBINOA-6 were provided with BamHI and SacI restriction sites (the underlined section) respectively. Moreover, Kozak sequence (the bolded part in the sequence, to improve the transcription and expression efficiencies) is positioned near the initiator codon of oleosin gene in pBINOA-3 primer. pBINOA-4 and pBINOA-5 were reverse complementary sequences.







SEQ ID NO.: 9 pBINOA-3:


CGC GGA TCC AGC AAA GCC GCC ACC ATG GCT ACT 


 


GCT ACT GAT CG


 


SEQ ID NO.: 10 pBIN0A-4:


GCT ACC CCT TGG GAC CAG TGA TGA TGA CCT CTT 


 


AAC


 


SEQ ID NO.: 11 pBINOA-5:


GTT AAG AGG TCA TCA TCA CTG GTC CCA AGG GGT 


 


AGC


 


SEQ ID NO.: 12 pBINOA-6:


C GAG CTC TTA TTG TGT GTT AAG TTT CTT TG






Using pBINOA-3/pBINOA-4 as the primer, Arachis hypogaea (variety Jihua 4) genome DNA as template, the Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene lacking the terminate codon was amplified. PCR conditions are 94° C. 1 min, 50-55° C. 1 min, 68° C. 1 min, and 10 min of extending at 68° C. after 30 cycles. Using pBINOA-5/pBINOA-6 as the primer, the optimized apolipoprotein A-I-Milano as template, the apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene was amplified. PCR conditions are 94° C. 1 min, 63-73° C. 1 min, 68° C. 1 min, and 10 min of extending at 68° C. after 30 cycles. The two PCR amplification products were recovered by agarose gel electrophoresis, and mixed at the molar ratio of 1:1 to serve as template. pBINOA-3/pBINOA-6 were used as primer for overlapping PCR. PCR conditions are 94° C. 1 min, 50-55° C. 1 min, 68° C. 2 min, and 10 min of extending at 68° C. after 30 cycles. Ole/apoA-IM fusion gene was obtained through agarose gel electrophoresis of the amplification product. The construction of Ole/apoA-IM fusion gene is shown in FIG. 4. M: DNA molecular weight marker DL2000; L1: the 528 bp fragment of Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene lacking the termination codon, amplified with pBINOA-3/pBINOA-4 as the primer and Arachis hypogaea (variety Jihua 4) genome DNA as the template: L2: the 750 bp apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene amplified with pBINOA-5/pBINOA-6 as the primer and the optimized apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene as the template (the nucleotide sequence containing thrombin cleavage site); L3: Ole/apoA-IM fusion gene obtained by overlapping PCR with pBINOA-3/pBINOA-6 as the primer. The Ole/apoA-IM fusion gene was sequenced, and the results indicated that the sequence of Ole/apoA-IM fusion gene was as shown in SEQ ID NO:13. The length is 1278 bp, and the molecular weight is 787.9 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:14, comprising 425 amino acid residues. The molecular weight is 46.994 kDa. The construction results and sequencing results of oleosin-apoA-IM fusion gene showed that, we had already obtained ole/apoA-IM fusion gene.
Construction of intermediate vector pUCNOA: The ole/apoA-IM fusion gene was BamHI and SacI double digested and ligated with pUCN which was double digested in the same way. The ligation product was mixed with 200 μL DH5α competent cell (purchased from Tiangen Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), and subjected to ice bath for 30 min, heat shock for 1.5 min at 42° C., and ice batch for 3 min. 8004 LB culture medium was added and grown at 37° C. for 45 min. LB agar plate containing 100 μg/mL ampicillin was innoculated and incubated at 37° C. overnight. The transformants were selected by PCR using pBINOA-3 and pBINOA-6 as primers. PCR conditions were 94° C. 1 min, 60-73° C. 1 min, 72° C. 1.5 min, and extension of 10 min at 72° C. after 30 cycles. The PCR product was run on agarose gel. The positive transformant was named as pUCNOA and was shaken in liquid medium. Plasmid was extracted by alkaline lysis. The plasmid was identified by HindIII single digestion identification, HindIII and BamHI double digestion identification, and BamHI and SacI double digestion identification. The identification results of agarose gel electrophoresis are shown in FIG. 5. M: DNA molecular weight marker λDNA/EcoT14I; L1: fragment of 4849 bp obtained by HindIII single digestion of pUCNOA plasmid; L2: vector fragment of 2647 bp and exogenous fragment of 2202 bp (containing Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and ole/apoA-IM fusion gene) obtained by HindIII and SacI double digestion of pUCNOA plasmid; L3: vector fragment of 3571 bp and exogenous fragment of 1278 bp (ole/apoA-IM fusion gene) obtained by BamHI and SacI double digestion of pUCNOA plasmid. The pUCNOA plasmid was sequenced, and the sequencing results are shown in SEQ ID NO:15. The total length is 2202 bp and the molecular weight is 1357.5 kDa, including Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and ole/apoA-IM fusion gene. The enzyme digestion results (as shown in FIG. 5) and sequencing results (as shown in Sequence List) (SEQ ID NO:15) indicated that, the expression cassette of Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter-driven Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene-apolipoprotein A-I-Milano fusion gene was obtained and the said expression cassette was successfully cloned into the vector pUC19.
Construction of seed-specific plant expression vector pBINOA: DNA of pUCNOA plasmid was extracted by alkaline lysis, and cleaved with HindIII and SacI. The exogenous fragment of 2202 bp was recovered by agarose gel electrophoresis and ligated to pBI121 cleaved with HindIII and SacI. The ligation product was mixed with 200 μL DH5α competent cell (purchased from Tiangen Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd.), and subjected to ice bath for 30 min, heat shock at 42° C. for 1.5 min, and ice bath for 3 min. 800 μL LB culture medium was added and cultivated for 45 min. LB plate containing 100 μg/mL kanamycin was plated and cultivated at 37° C. overnight. Transformants are screened by PCR using pBINOA-1 and pBINOA-6 as primers. PCR conditions were 94° C. 1 min, 60-73° C. 1 min, 72° C. 2 min, and extension or 10 min at 72° C. after 30 cycles. The PCR product were screened through agarouse gel electrophoresis. The positive transformant was designated as pBINOA. The positive transformant was cultured in liquid while shaking. Plasmid was extracted with alkaline lysis, and subjected to HindIII single digestion identification and HindIII and SacI double digestion. The identification results of agarose gel electrophoresis are shown in FIG. 6. M: DNA molecular weight marker λDNA/EcoT14I; L1: fragment of 14205 bp, the product of HindIII digestion of pBINOA plasmid; L2: vector fragment of 12003 bp and exogenous fragment of 2202 bp (including Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and ole/apoA-IM fusion gene), the products of HindIII and SacI double digestion of pBINOA plasmid. The pBINOA plasmid was sequenced, and the sequencing result is as shown in SEQ ID NO:15. The full-length nucleotide sequence of the vector is shown as SEQ ID NO:16. The entire expression cassette is 2202 bp long. The molecular weight is 1357.5 kDa, including Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and ole/apoA-IM fusion gene. Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter is a strong seed-specific promoter, and drives the specific expression of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano in oil body as fusion with Arachis hypogaea oleosin in the transgenic plant. Arachis hypogaea oleosin carrying with apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is anchored on oil body surface. Utilizing the hydrophobic/lipophilic characteristics of oil body, the transgenic plant seeds were ground and extracted, centrifuged, and the upper oil phase recovered, thereby separating the protein from other components in the cell. More than 90% of the seed protein was removed. Thrombin recognition site was positioned between Arachis hypogaea oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano to release apolipoprotein A-I-Milano from oil body.
Example 3: Production of Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (AIM) with the Vector
3.1 Introduce the Seed-Specific Expression Vector Constructed Above into the Explants of the Receptor Plant;
3.1.1 Preparation of the Competent Agrobacterium Cells
(1) Transfer Agrobacterium tumefacien LBA4404 single bacterium into 3 mL YEB medium (containing streptomycin Sm 125 μg/mL), and grow the cells at 28° C. overnight;
(2) Transfer 5004 overnight culture into 50 mL YEB (Sm 125 μg/mL) medium, and grow the cells at 28° C. until OD600 is 0.5;
(3) 5,000 rpm, centrifuge for 5 min;
(4) Resuspend Agrobacterium cells in 10 mL 0.15M NaCl solution, 5,000 rpm, and centrifuge for 5 min;
(5) Resuspend Agrobacterium cells in 1 mL precooled 20 mM CaCl2 for ice bath and use within 24 h, or dispense aliquots (200 μl) of the suspensions into tube and quick freeze for 1 min in liquid nitrogen, and preserve at −70° C. for later use.
3.1.2. Transformation of Agrobacterium Competent Cells with Seed-Specific Plant Expression Vector
1 μg thus constructed plasmid DNA was added to 2004 competent cells, and stored in liquid nitrogen for 1 min, in water bath at 37° C. for 5 min. Then 1 mL YEB medium was added, cultivated in liquid medium at 28° C. while slowly shaking for 4 h; and centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 30 sec. The supernatant was discarded and 0.1 mL YEB medium was added for resuspension. Aliquots of the transformation reaction were plated on YEB agar plate containing 100 μg/mL Kan and 124 μg/mL Sm, and incubated at 28° C. for approximately 48 h.
Identification of Positive Clone
Single colony was picked into YEB medium (containing 100 μg/mL Kan and 125 μg/mL Sm), and cultivated in liquid medium at 28° C. overnight. Small amount of plasmid DNA was extracted with alkaline lysis. Using the plasmid DNA as template and pBINOA-1 and pBINOA-6 as primers, PCR amplification identification was carried out under the following conditions: 94° C. 1 min, 60-73° C. 1 min, 72° C. 2 min, and extension of 10 min at 72° C. after 30 cycles. Positive transformants were obtained after agar gel electrophoresis of PCR product.
Preparation of Agrobacterium Suspension Used for Oil Sunflower Transformation
5 mL YEB medium containing 100 μg/mL Kan and 125 μg/mL Sm was inoculated with a single colony of transformed Agrobacterium. The culture was grown overnight with shaking. 100-200 mL YEB liquid medium containing 100 μg/mL Kan and 125 μg/mL Sm was inoculated with 1 mL culture. The culture was grown at 28° C. with vigorous shaking until OD600 is 0.4 ̃0.8, and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min to recover cells. The pellet was resuspended with MS (free of plant growth regulators or antibiotics) to make OD600 at approximately 0.6 for transformation.
3.1.3 Genetic Transformation of Oil Sunflower Explants Mediated by Agrobacterium 
The explants, in the forms of shoot apexes excised from sterile seedlings, cotyledon, cotyledonary node or seedlings with one cotyledon detached, of the seedling of oil sunflower seeds sprouting for 3 ̃4 d were immersed in said Agrobacterium suspension for 6 ̃8 min and transferred to MS solid medium for culture for 3 d (at 25° C., in dark). The seedlings with one cotyledon detached is preferred.
3.2 Cultivation of the Above Receptor Plant Materials into Complete Plant to Obtain Seeds for the Detection of Target Gene and Protein
3.2.1 Cultivate the Receptor Plant Materials into Complete Plant and Obtain Seeds
The transformed explants were transferred to MS agar medium containing 300 mg/L cephalosporin for approximately 7 d, then transferred to MS resistance screening medium (containing 300 mg/L cephalosporin and 70 mg/L kanamycin) for selective culture. The medium was exchanged every 15 ̃20 d. Resistance buds were obtained after three rounds of screening. 2 ̃3 cm resistance buds were transferred to rooting medium MS2 (MS+IBA0.1 mg/L+Kan 70 mg/L+cef 300 mg/L) and transplanted after rootage of resistance seedling into greenhouse for vermiculite and Nutritional soil mixture culture until maturity, seeds harvested.
3.2.2 Target Gene and Protein Detection
PCR detection was performed on apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene during the Seedling Stage. Western blotting detection was performed on Arachis hypogaea oleosin and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano fusion protein after harvesting kernels.
PCR Detection and PCR-Southern Blotting Detection of Transgenic Oil Sunflower Seedling
SDS method was adopted to extract the genome DNA of the young leaves of resistant oil sunflower seedling as the template. PCR amplification was carried out with two pairs of primers nptIIF/nptIIR and pBINOA-5/pBINOA-6. The sequences of the premiers are nptIIF: ATG AAC TGC AGG ACG AGG (SEQ ID NO:17) and GCG ATA CCG TAA AGC ACG (SEQ ID NO:18) respectively. The PCR condition of nptIIF/nptIIR and pBINOA-5/pBINOA-6 includes 94° C. for 1 min, 60° C. for 1 mm, 72° C. for 1 min, and final extension for 10 min at 72° C. after 30 cycles. As anticipated, fragments of 567 bp (partial nptII gene) and apoA-IM gene fragment of 750 bp were amplified respectively. The results are shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. In FIG. 7, M: DNA molecular weight marker DL2000; L1-L4: the fragment of 567 bp amplified with nptIIF/nptIIR as the primer and the genome DNA extracted from the kanamycin-resistant oil sunflower as the template, i.e., positive plants; L5: use non-resistant oil sunflower as control. In FIG. 8, M: DNA molecular weight marker DL2000; L1-L4: the fragment of 750 bp amplified with pBINOA-5/pBINOA-6 as the primer and the genome DNA extracted from the kanamycin-resistant oil sunflower as the template, i.e., positive plant; L5: use non-resistant oil sunflower as control.
PCR-Southern Blotting Detection


    1) Genomic DNA of the young leave of the transgenic oil sunflowers, in which both nptII and apoA-IM are positive, was extracted with SDS method. PCR amplification was performed on the genome DNA with pBINOA-1/pBINOA-6 as the primer. The PCR reaction condition includes 30 cycles of 94° C. for 1 min, 60° C. for 1 min, and 72° C. for 2.5 min; and final extension at 72° C. for 10 min.
    2) The DNA was transferred from agarose gel to a nylon membrane, denatured and neutralized after electrophoresis, and subjected to semi-dry blotting. The membrane was dried and baked for 1.2 hr at 80° C. in a vacuum oven.
    3) DNA probe marking


The pBINOA plasmid DNA digested with BamH□ and Sac□ was recovered. 3 μg DNA was used for labeling.

    4) Hybridization


The membrane was pre-hybridized at 63° C. for 30 min and hybridized at 63° C. overnight, washed twice with 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS, and then washed twice with 0.5×SSC, 0.1% SDS preheated to 65° C. at 63° C.

    5) Detection


The hybridized and washed membrane was briefly rinsed once with washing buffer, incubated in 100 ml Blocking solution for 30 min, incubated for 30 min in 20 ml Antibody solution, Washed 2×15 min in 100 ml Washing buffer, and equilibrated for 2-5 min in 20 ml Detection buffer. The membrane was placed in a hybridization bag (with DNA side facing up) and 1 ml CSPD added. The membrane was incubated for 10 min at 37° C. to enhance the luminescent reaction, and exposed to X-ray film at room temperature. The results are shown in FIG. 9. M: DNA molecular weight marker λ DNA/EcoT14I; L1-L4: the Southern blotting results of the product amplified with the positive plant genome (detected as positive by PCR) as the template and pBINOA-1/pBINOA-6 as the primer. The hybridization signal was displayed at the place of 2.2 kb as expected, suggesting the integration of ole/-apoA-IM fusion gene into oil sunflower genome; L5: control of non-transgenic oil sunflower.
Western Blotting Detection of Arachis hypogaea Oleosin and Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano Fusion Protein in Transgenic Oil Sunflower Seeds
Transgenic oil sunflower seeds were ground in five volumes of grinding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.4 M sucrose, 0.5M NaCl), centrifugated 10×g for 30 min, and separated into three parts. The oil phase was collected and resuspend in one volume of grinding buffer and mixed even. Five volumes of precooled 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 buffer was added, centrifugated 10×g for 30 min, and the oil phase collected. The above processes were repeated for two times to further remove the remaining water-soluble ingredients and insoluble ingredients, obtaining pure oil body (the ingredients of oil body include: neutral lipids, phosphatides, and oleosin). To the oil body was added 2V of diethyl ether and centrifugated. The neutral lipids were in the upper diethyl ether layer and phosphatides were left in the lower water phase. The intermediate protein layer was collected and suspended in 0.1M sucrose buffer. Chloroform methanol (2:1) mixture was added and extracted twice. The intermediate protein layer was collected, extracted with diethyl ether once and dissolved in sterile water. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed, and then Western blotting analysis was performed using polyclonal goat anti-rabbit apolipoprotein A-I after transmembrane. The results are shown in FIG. 10. M: protein molecular weight standard; L1 and L2: oil protein extracted from transgenic oil sunflower seeds, expression of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano is shown. A fusion protein of molecular mass of approximately 48 kDa was recognized, consistent with the anticipated result (Arachis hypogaea oleosin 18.4 kDa, thrombin cleavage site 0.6 kDa, and apolipoprotein A-I-Milano 28.9 kDa). The fusion protein accounts for 1.1% of the total seed protein, exceeding the minimum commercialization requirement (1%) of recombinant medical protein in plant. Therefore, it is feasible and applicable to make use of plant oil body expression system to achieve the industrial production of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano.
3.3 Obtain Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano from the Seeds by Separation and Purification.
Step 1: Separate Oil Body from Other Components in Seeds
The kernel was ground in five volumes of grinding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.4M sucrose, 0.5 M NaCl), centrifuged at 10×g for 30 min, and divided into three parts. The bottom part is insoluble precipitation (hull, fiber materials, insoluble sugar, protein and other insoluble dirt); the middle layer is aqueous phase, containing soluble cellular constituents (storage protein); the upper layer is the oil body and the associated oil body protein.
Step 2: Wash the Oil Body
The oil phase obtained from Step 1 was resuspended in the same volume of grinding butter and mixed even. Five volumes of precooled 50 m MTris-HCl pH 7.5 buffer are added and centrifuged at 10×g for 30 min. The oil phase was collected. The above processes were repeated twice to further remove the residual water-soluble ingredients and insoluble ingredients. The washed oil body was resuspended in precooled 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 of equivalent volume. The resulting oil body was substantially pure oil body, and he only protein left was oil body protein.
Step 3: Release Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano Protein by Restrictive Digestion
The oil body was washed with thrombin digestion buffer (20 m M Tris-HCl pH8.4, 150 m M NaCl, and 2.5 m M CaCl2) for two times. Appropriate amount of thrombin was added, stored at 37° C. overnight, and centrifuged. Apolipoprotein protein exists in the aqueous phase.
Step 4: Purify Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano Protein with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Reversed-phase chromatography C4 column (5μ, 0.24*25 cm) was used, at the ultraviolet wavelength of 214 nm. The column was equilibrated with 2 mL/min buffer A (10% acetonitrile, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid), loaded with the aqueous phase obtained in the last step, and applied linear gradient elution of 0-60% buffer B (95% acetonitrile, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). Pure apolipoprotein A-I-Milano protein was obtained with the purity above 99.5%.
Example 4: Comparison Between Oil Sunflower and Carthamus Tinctorius as Bioreactor for the Production of Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (AIM)
The same amount (280 mg) of trans-apolipoprotein A-I-Milano gene oil sunflower seed and carthamus tinctorius seed were used to obtain apolipoprotein A-I-Milano protein by separation and purification according to Example 3. The loading quantity was one-tenth of the total quantity obtained. Western blotting detection was performed, and the results are shown in FIG. 11. M: protein molecular weight standard; L1: apolipoprotein A-I-Milano purified from transgenic carthamus 28.9 kDa as expected, with the amount of 50 ng; L2: the apolipoprotein A-I-Milano purified from transgenic oil sunflower, 28.9 kDa as expected, with the amount of 80 ng. It can be calculated that 1 kg of transgenic oil sunflower seed can produce 2.85 g of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano, while under the same condition, 1 kg transgenic carthamus tinctorius seed can produce 1.78 g of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano. Moreover, the yield per mu of oil sunflower is approximately 250 kg while that of carthamus tinctorius is approximately 200 kg. Therefore, oil sunflower is superior to carthamus tinctorius in terms of the yield of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano protein per seed weight or per plant area.

## Claims

1. An expression vector comprising a Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding:
an apolipoprotein A-IMilano fused with an Arachis hypogaea oleosin,
wherein the vector comprises the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15.

2. A method for the construction of the expression vector as described in claim 1, including the following procedures:
1) isolate and clone the Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter and the Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene;
2) design and synthesis the apolipoprotein A-IMilano gene according to Helianthus annuus codon usage; and
3) construct the expression vector in which the nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein of Arachis hypogaea oleosin with apolipoprotein A-IMilano is driven by the Brassica napus oleosin gene promoter;
wherein the expression vector comprises SEQ ID NO: 15.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), Arachis hypogaea oleosin gene and apolipoprotein A-IMilano gene are constructed as a fusion gene by overlapping PCR.

4. A method for producing apolipoprotein A-IMilano, including the following steps:
1) introducing the expression vector as claimed in claim 1 into an explant of an oil sunflower;
2) cultivating the oil sunflower material into a mature plant, the plant including seeds, and
3) collecting the seeds thereof; and;
4) purifying apolipoprotein A-IMilano from the seeds.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the introduction method in Step 1) is Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the oil sunflower seed has a kanamycin resistance phenotype.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the purification method is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the purification includes grinding the seed containing apolipoprotein A-IMilano in a buffer solution, separating an oil body from other components by centrifugation, washing the oil body, releasing the apolipoprotein A-IMilano from the surface of the oil body through digestion, and obtaining apolipoprotein A-IMilano through HPLC purification.