# Patent

## Title
Method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring and method for analysing biological molecule

## Abstract

A method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring includes the following steps. At least one ray of light is emitted from at least one light source. The light emitted from the light source is leaded into an eyeball and focused on the eyeball through a first beam splitter. The reflected light reflected from the eyeball is transmitted through the first beam splitter to a set of photo detectors. Optical angular information and absorption energy information of the reflected light transmitted to the set of photo detectors are measured. Optical angular difference and absorption energy difference resulting from the light emitted from the light source and the reflected light transmitted to the set of photo detectors are obtained. Glucose information is obtained by analyzing the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference, and since glucose information has a corresponding relationship with blood glucose information, blood glucose information may be read.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the priority benefits of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/480,386, filed on Apr. 29, 2011 and U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/508,078, filed on Jul. 15, 2011. This application is also related to the copending patent applications identified in the following chart.














U.S. patent application Ser. No.
Filing Date









13/457,496
Apr. 27, 2012



14/141,459
Dec. 27, 2013



14/141,472
Dec. 27, 2013










The entirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The disclosure relates to a method for non-invasive glucose monitoring and a method for analyzing biological molecule.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a clinical syndrome caused by factors such as absolute or relative lack of insulin in the body, abnormal secretion time, or disorder or resistance of insulin effector, etc. If the diabetes is not suitably controlled, it may cause some acute complications such as hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, etc. The serious long-term complications include cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal failure, retinopathy, neuropathy and microvascular diseases, etc.
Constant blood glucose monitoring is very important for diabetics. A primary objective of treating the diabetic is to maintain a normal concentration of glucose, and if a patient carefully controls blood glucose daily, occurrence of the above complications may be effectively prevented.
Presently, the diabetic generally use blood glucose monitor to monitor the blood glucose. However, before the blood glucose monitor is used to measure a concentration of blood glucose, blood collection has to be first performed. Fingertip pricks are an invasive (destructive) sampling method for blood collection, and a process thereof is complicated and may cause pain, which is also an important reason why the diabetic cannot periodically monitor the blood glucose.
Therefore, a method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring becomes a development trend in blood glucose detection. The existing non-invasive glucose meters measure the blood glucose through a single method (for example, an acoustic method, an optical method or an electrical method), though the measurements are mainly performed in allusion to skin blood glucose of human body. However, the skin is composed of epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, and different tissues, blood vessels and water in the skin may produce scattering light and absorption light, which may influence signal measurement, and accordingly influence the measured blood glucose value.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The disclosure provides a method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, comprising the following steps. At least one ray of light is emitted from at least one light source. The light emitted from the light source is leaded into an eyeball and focused on the eyeball through a first beam splitter with a focusing function. The light reflected from the eyeball is transmitted to a set of photo detectors through the first beam splitter. An optical angular information and an absorption energy information of the light transmitted to the set of photo detectors are measured through the set of photo detectors. An optical angular difference and an absorption energy difference between the light emitted from the light source and the light transmitted to the set of photo detectors are obtained through processing the optical angular information and the absorption energy information. A biological molecule information of a biological molecule is obtained by analyzing the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference, and a glucose information is obtained through the biological molecule information. Since the glucose information has a corresponding relationship with the blood glucose information, the blood glucose information may be read according to the relationship.
The disclosure provides a method for analyzing biological molecule, comprising the following steps. At least one first polynomial equation representing a relationship between a biological molecule and an optical angular information, and at least one second polynomial equation representing a relationship between the biological molecule and an absorption energy are established. Wherein, the biological molecule comprises a target molecule and at least one interference molecule, and a plurality of variables of the first polynomial equation and the second polynomial equation respectively comprises the target molecule concentration and the interference molecule concentration variables. The optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference measured by an apparatus for biological molecule monitoring are substituted into the first polynomial equation and the second polynomial equation to calculate a first target molecule concentration of the target molecule which simultaneously exists in the target molecule and the interference molecule.
Several exemplary embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below to further describe the disclosure in details.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings are included to provide further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical angular measuring device in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a fourth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flow chat diagram illustrating a method for a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring in accordance with a fifth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a sixth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a seventh exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with an eighth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a ninth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a tenth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with an eleventh exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a twelfth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a thirteenth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for analyzing biological molecule in accordance with a fourteenth exemplary embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS
The disclosure provides an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring capable of accurately measure a glucose information (e.g., glucose value) of a measuring object, and since the glucose information (e.g., concentration of glucose) in an eyeball (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with a blood glucose information (e.g., concentration of blood glucose), the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) may be read.
The disclosure also provides a method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring to measure concentration of glucose in real time.
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment. FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical angular measuring device from FIG. 1A in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment.
With reference to FIG. 1A, an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring 100 which comprises a light source 102, a first beam splitter 104, a set of photo detectors 106, and a processing unit 108. The apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 may, for example, detect glucose of an aqueous humor 204 in an anterior chamber 202 of an eyeball 200.
The light source 102 generates at least one ray of light 110. The light source 102 is, for example, a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode, or other light source. A wavelength of the light source 102 is, for example, which can be absorbed by glucose and namely, a wavelength that is capable of being absorbed by the glucose in the eyeball 200, such as an infrared light. The light 110 emitted from the light source 102 comprises a linear polarized light, a circular polarized light, an elliptical polarized light, or a partial polarized light. Moreover, the light source 102 may have a function for controlling an emitting frequency of the light 110, which avails the photo detector set 106 in determining the light to be measured according to the emitting frequency. In addition, the light source 102 may have a function for controlling an intensity of the light 110, which assures the light entering into the eyeball 200 is unable to cause any harm. Furthermore, the light source 102 may have a function for controlling a length of turn-on time of the light 110 and controlling a length of turn-off time of the light 110, or a combination thereof, which provides a glucose detection time on one hand but also ensures that the light energy entering into the eyeball 200 is unable to cause any harm on the other hand. Although, in the present exemplary embodiment, the single light 110 emitted from the single light source 102 is taken as an example for description, the disclosure is not limited thereto; and, in another exemplary embodiment, types of the light source 102 and types of the light 110 may be two or more.
The first beam splitter 104 with a focusing function which can lead the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 into an eyeball 200 and focus on the eyeball 200 through the first beam splitter 104, such that a reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 is generated. The first beam splitter 104 is, for example, focusing the light 110 into the anterior chamber 202 of the eyeball 200, and the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 comprises the reflected light reflected from the aqueous humor 204. The first beam splitter 104 is, for example, an optical film, a lens, a grating, a diffractive optic device or a combination of any the above elements.
The set of photo detectors 106 measures an optical angular information and an absorption energy information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then transmitted through the first beam splitter 104 to the set of photo detectors 106. In the present exemplary embodiment, the set of photo detectors 106 comprises an optical angular measuring device 112 and an energy measuring device 114. Wherein, the optical angular measuring device 112 is used for measuring the optical angular information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then transmitted through the first beam splitter 104, and the energy measuring device 114 is used for measuring the absorption energy information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104.
In another exemplary embodiment, the optical angular measuring device 112 and the energy measuring device 114 may be exchanged. Namely, the optical angular measuring device 112 is used to measure the optical angular information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104, and the energy measuring device 114 is used to measure the absorption energy information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then reflected by the first beam splitter 104.
With reference to FIG. 1B, the optical angular measuring device 112 comprises a polarizer 112a and a light sensing element 112b, wherein the light is firstly passed through the polarizer 112a, and then transmitted to the light sensing element 112b. The optical angular measuring device 112 is, for example, an active optical angular measuring device or a passive optical angular measuring device, wherein a measurement angle of the active optical angular measuring device may be changed whereas a measurement angle of the passive optical angular measuring device is fixed. The active optical angular measuring device is, for example, a analyzer which may directly calculate the optical angular information. The passive optical angular measuring device measures the energy of the reflected light 111 that passed through a polarizer 112a using the light sensing element 112b to calculate the optical angular information. The energy measuring device 114 is, for example, a light sensing element such as a charge coupled device (CCD), a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors or a light emitting diode.
Moreover, with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring 100 may further selectively comprise at least one of a light barrier 113 and a light barrier 115. The light barrier 113 has an opening 113a, and the opening 113a, through assembly, may enable the reflected light 111 to pass through the light barrier 113, and then transmit to the light sensing element 112b. The light barrier 113 is, for example, disposed between the polarizer 112a and the light sensing element 112b, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In other exemplary embodiments, the light barrier 113 may further enable the reflected light 111 to pass through the polarizer 112a and then through the opening 113a of the light barrier 113. In addition, the light barrier 115 has an opening 115a, and the opening 115a, through assembly, may enable the reflected light 111 to pass through the light barrier 115, and then transmit to the energy measuring device (e.g., light sensing element). The light barriers 113, 115 respectively are, for example, a metal photomask or a silica glass photomask. The light barriers 113, 115 respectively may prevent stray light from entering into the optical angular measuring device 112 and the energy measuring device 114, and thus may reduce interference from the stray light, so as to enhance the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio). It is noted that each of the following exemplary embodiments, through the light barrier, may reduce the influence of stray light on the measurement results of the optical angular measuring device and of the energy measuring device; however, further elaboration on the light barrier in the other exemplary embodiments are omitted in order to simplify the description.
Referring to FIG. 1A again, the processing unit 108 is, for example, coupled to the optical angular measuring device 112 and the energy measuring device 114 of the set of photo detectors 106, and receives and processes the optical angular information and the absorption energy information to obtain an optical angular difference and an absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the reflected light 111 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 106, and to obtain biological molecule information, which at least comprises a glucose, by analyzing the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference. The processing unit obtains the glucose information through analyzing the biological molecule information. The biological molecule is, for example, cholesterol, uric acid, water, lactic acid, urea, ascorbic acid, or a combination thereof. Moreover, the biological molecule may comprise one kind of interference molecules therein, and the kind of interference molecule is, for example, one kind of molecule different from the measurement target (e.g., glucose), such as cholesterol, uric acid, water, lactic acid, urea, or ascorbic acid. As ascorbic acid and lactic acid may generate interference onto the optical angular information, whereas water may generate interference to the absorption energy information. During the process of obtaining the glucose information through the processing unit 108, the processing unit 108 may remove interference signals caused by the interference molecules. The processing unit 108 may also control a light quality, an opto-element offset or a combination thereof, and statistically analyze the optical angular information and the absorption energy information, so as to obtain the glucose information. The spatial variation of the light source comprises a light emitting frequency variation, a light energy intensity variation, a length variation of turn-on time of the light, a length variation of turn-off time of the light, or a combination thereof. Since the glucose concentration in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with a blood glucose concentration, the blood glucose information (e.g., concentration of blood glucose) can be determined according to the corresponding relationship. The processing unit 108 is, for example, an analog digital circuit integration module, wherein the analog digital circuit integration module comprises a microprocessor, an amplifier and an analog digital converter (ADC). The analog digital circuit integration module may further comprise a wireless transmission device.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the processing unit 108 is, for example, coupled to the light source 102 to control an optical characteristic of the light 110 emitted from the light source 102.
The apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 may selectively comprise a light information analysis unit 116 for detecting a light information of the light 110 from the first beam splitter 104 before the light 110 is transmitted into the eyeball 200, and selectively transmit the light information of the light 110 to the processing unit 108 or an alarm 118 to perform a feedback control with the optical characteristic of the light 110. The light information analysis unit 116 comprises at least one of an optical power meter and an optical sensor, the light information detected by the optical power meter is energy information whereas the light information detected by the optical sensor is at least one of energy information or position information. The optical characteristic of the light 110 is, for example, energy emittance and/or light position.
When the emitting energy of the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 is excessively high, the light 110 may cause harm to the eyeball 200. Therefore, when the processing unit 108 receives the energy information indicating excessive emitting energy of the light 110, the processing unit 108 will reduce the emitting energy of the light 110 emitted from the light source 102. On the other hand, when the alarm 118 receives the energy information indicating excessive emitting energy of the light 110, the alarm 118 sends a light or a sound warning signal to notify the user that the emitting energy of the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 is excessively high, and the emitting energy of the light 110 should be adjusted. Therefore, usage of the light information analysis unit 116 may prevent harming the eyeball 200 due to excessive emitting energy of the light 110.
Moreover, when the light position of the light 110 emitted from light source 102 is shifted, the accuracy of a blood glucose measurement is lowered. Therefore, when the processing unit 108 receives the position information indicating the light position of the light 110 is shifted, the processing unit 108 adjusts the light position of the light 110 emitted from the light source 102. On the other hand, when the alarm 118 receives the position information indicating the light position of the light 110 is shifted, the alarm 118 sends the light or the sound warning signal to notify the user that the light position of the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 is shifted, and the light position of the light 110 should be adjusted. Therefore, usage of the light information analysis unit 116 may prevent the light position of the light 110 from shifting, thus enhancing the accuracy of the blood glucose measurement.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the energy information detected by the light information analysis unit 116 is simultaneously transmitted to the processing unit 108 and the alarm 118; nevertheless, the feedback control may be implemented as long as the energy information is transmitted to one of the processing unit 108 and the alarm 118. The light information analysis unit 116 is, for example, respectively coupled to the processing unit 108 and the alarm 118, but a coupling manner of the light information analysis unit 116, the processing unit 108 and the alarm 118 is not limited thereto.
In another exemplary embodiment, the light source 102 is, for example, coupled to a light source control unit (not shown), and now the light information analysis unit 116 transmits the energy information of the light 110 to the light source control unit, so as to perform the feedback control for the light source 102.
In addition, before the light 110 is transmitted into the eyeball 200, the detection of the light 110 reflected by the first beam splitter 104 using the light information analysis unit 116 is taken as an example to describe the present exemplary embodiment.
Furthermore, the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring 100 may further selectively comprise an eye-alignment position device 120 for aligning the sight-line of an eye 122 with the eye-alignment position device 120, so as to determine a measuring position of the eyeball 200. The eye-alignment position device 120 is, for example, a light spot, a marker, or a relief pattern.
On the other hand, the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring 100 may further selectively comprise a joint element 124. A light outlet of the joint element 124, located at the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring, is used for resting on an outer corner an eye. Moreover, the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring 100 may further selectively comprise a protective cover 126 disposed on a surface of the joint element 124 that is used for resting on the outer corner of eye. The protective cover 126 is, for example, a disposable protective cover.
According to the first exemplary embodiment, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 106, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the glucose concentration in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with a blood glucose concentration, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship.
Moreover, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 may be miniaturized in applications, for example, used in form of a headband or used in collaboration with glasses, so as to improve utilization convenience. In addition, the utilization environment of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 has no special restriction, and thus may be utilized indoors or outdoors.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 1A and FIG. 2, a difference between the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 of the second exemplary embodiment and the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 of the first exemplary embodiment is that an optical angular measuring device 312 and an energy measuring device 314 in a set of photo detectors 306 of the second exemplary embodiment are located at a same side of the first beam splitter 104, and the optical angular measuring device 112 and the energy measuring device 114 in the set of photo detectors 106 of the first exemplary embodiment are located at two sides of the first beam splitter 104, respectively. The optical angular measuring device 312 and the energy measuring device 314 are, for example, coupled to the processing unit 108, respectively, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 of the second exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 of the first exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the set of photo detectors 306 is, for example, used to measure the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then reflected by the first beam splitter 104. The reflected light 111 to be measured is first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device 312 for measuring the optical angular information, and then transmitted to the energy measuring device 314 for measuring the absorption energy information. In another exemplary embodiment, the set of photo detectors 306 may also be used to measure the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104.
In another exemplary embodiment, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 further comprises another set of the optical angular measuring device 312 and the energy measuring device 314, so that the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 has two sets of the optical angular measuring device 312 and the energy measuring device 314 for respectively measuring the optical angular information and the absorption energy information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104, and for measuring the optical angular information and the absorption energy information of the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then reflected by the first beam splitter 104.
Similarly, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 of the second exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical rotatory distribution difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 306 to obtain the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a relationship with a blood glucose concentration, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with a high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. Moreover, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 may be miniaturized, so that it is convenient in utilization, and may be utilized indoors or outdoors.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 1A and FIG. 3, a difference between an apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 of the third exemplary embodiment and the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 of the first exemplary embodiment is that the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 of the third exemplary embodiment further comprises a second beam splitter 404, and a set of photo detectors 406 comprises a first photo detector 408 and a second photo detector 410. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 of the third exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 100 of the first exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
The second beam splitter 404 transmits the light 110 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then transmitted through the first beam splitter 104 to the set of photo detectors 406. The second beam splitter 404 is, for example, an optical film, an optical lens, an optical grating, a diffractive optical element or a combination of any the above elements.
The first photo detector 408 is used to measure the reflected light 111 reflected by the second beam splitter 404, and the second photo detector 410 is used to measure the reflected light 111 passed through the second beam splitter 404. The first photo detector 408 comprises an optical angular measuring device 412 and an energy measuring device 414, and the second photo detector 410 comprises an optical angular measuring device 416 and an energy measuring device 418. The reflected light 111 to be measured is, for example, first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device 412 (or 416) for measuring the optical angular information, and then transmitted to the energy measuring device 414 (418) for measuring the absorption energy. Composition of the optical angular measuring device 412 (or 416) is similar to that of the optical angular measuring device 112, and composition of the energy measuring device 414 (or 418) is similar to the energy measuring device 114, so that descriptions thereof are not repeated. When the first photo detector 408 and the second photo detector 410 in the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 may simultaneously measure the optical angular information and the absorption energy, by cross-comparing the obtained two sets of the optical angular information and the absorption energy, the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the reflected light 111 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 406 may be analyzed to obtain the glucose information (e.g., concentration of glucose), and since the glucose concentration in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., concentration of blood glucose) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. The optical angular measuring devices 412, 416 and the energy measuring devices 414, 418 are, for example, respectively coupled to the processing unit 108, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
It is noted that when the optical angular measuring devices 412, 416 are all passive optical angular measuring devices and respectively comprise a polarizer, the polarizers in the optical angular measuring devices 412, 416 are, for example, one of a horizontal polarizer and a vertical polarizer, or two sets of polarizers with known optical angles. If the two sets of the polarizers with known optical angles are used, one of the measuring methods thereof compares energy differences of the two sets of the polarizers, and according to the energy differences, the optical angular difference within a certain range of glucose concentration is calculated, to improve the detection accuracy. Another method uses the two sets of polarizers with known optical angles to determine offset components according to the absorption energy differences, to calculate the optical angular information.
In another exemplary embodiment, one of the first photo detector 408 and the second photo detector 410 is, for example, a single optical angular measuring device, and another one of the first photo detector 408 and the second photo detector 410 is, for example, a single enemy measuring device.
Although, in the aforementioned exemplary embodiment, the light 110 reflected by the second beam splitter 404 and/or the light 110 passed through the second beam splitter 404 is one ray of light. However, the light 110 reflected by the second beam splitter 404 and/or the light 110 passed through the second beam splitter 404 may be divided into two or more rays of light by the second beam splitter 404, and then measured by the aforementioned first photo detector 408 and the second photo detector 410.
According to the third exemplary embodiment, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 406 to obtain the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with a high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. Moreover, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 may be miniaturized, so that it is convenient in utilization, and thus may be utilized indoors or outdoors.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring in accordance with a fourth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a difference between an apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 500 of the fourth exemplary embodiment and the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 of the third exemplary embodiment is that, in the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 500 of the fourth exemplary embodiment, a set of photo detectors 506 comprises a first photo detector 508 and a second photo detector 510, and the first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510 are located at a same side of the second beam splitter 404. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510 are, for example, located at the side of the second beam splitter 404 where the reflected light 111 passes there through, and are respectively used to measure two rays of reflected light 111a, 111b generated by the reflected light 111 after passed through the second beam splitter 404. One of the first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510 is, for example, an optical angular device for measuring the optical angular information, and another one of the first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510 is, for example, an energy measuring device for measuring the absorption energy information. The first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510 are, for example, coupled to the processing unit 108, respectively, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 500 of the fourth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 400 of the third exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
In another exemplary embodiment, the first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510 may also be located at the side of the second beam splitter 404, respectively, where the light 110 is reflected, and are used to measure two rays of light generated by reflecting the light 110 through the second beam splitter 404.
Although, in the aforementioned exemplary embodiment, the light 110 reflected by the second beam splitter 404 and/or the light 110 passed through the second beam splitter 404 are the light 110a, 100b, the light 110 reflected by the second beam splitter 404 and/or the light 110 passed through the second beam splitter 404 may be divided into three or more rays of light by the second beam splitter 404 and then measured by the aforementioned first photo detector 508 and the second photo detector 510.
Similarly, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 500 of the fourth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110a,100b transmitted to the photo detector set 506 to obtain the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with a high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. Moreover, the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 500 may be miniaturized, so that it is convenient in utilization, and thus may be utilized indoors or outdoors.
FIG. 5 is a flow chat diagram illustrating a method for a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring in accordance with a fifth exemplary embodiment.
With reference to FIG. 5, firstly, step S90 may be selected performed for aiming the eyeball onto the eye-alignment position device to align the sight of the eye with the eye-alignment position device for performing alignment, wherein the alignment includes adjusting a relative angle and a position between the optical axis of the eye-alignment position device and the sight of the eye, so as to determine a measuring position of the eyeball. Next, in step S100, at least one ray of light is emitted through at least one light source. Then, step S102 may be selectively performed for controlling the optical characteristic of the light source, the opto-element offset or the combination thereof, and a change factor is produced thus facilitates in analyzing the blood glucose information more accurately. Wherein, the light source is used to control an emitting frequency of the light, an intensity of the light, a length of turn-on time of the light, a length of turn-off time of the light, or a combination thereof. The set of photo detectors may assure the light to be measured according to the emitting frequency of the light. Moreover, by controlling the intensity of the light through the light source, it is ensured that the light energy entering the eyeball is unable to cause any harm. In addition, by controlling the length of turn-on time of the light, the length of turn-off time of the light or the combination thereof through the light source, a time required for glucose detection is provided on one hand, and it is ensured that the light energy entering the eyeball is unable to cause any harm on the other hand. Then, step S104 may be selectively performed, by which before the light is leaded into the eyeball, the light information of the light from the first beam splitter is detected, so as to perform a feedback control with the optical characteristic of the light. The light information comprises at least one of the energy information and the position information. The optical characteristic is, for example, a position for emitting energy and/or light. Next, in step S106, the light emitted from the light source is leaded into the eyeball and focused on the eyeball through the first beam splitter with the focusing function. Then, one of step S108 and step S110 may be performed. Wherein, in step S108, the light reflected from the eyeball is transmitted to the set of photo detectors through the first beam splitter. In step S110, the light reflected from the eyeball is transmitted to the second beam splitter through the first beam splitter, and then the light is transmitted to the set of photo detectors through the second beam splitter. Furthermore, in step S112, the optical angular information and the absorption energy information of the light transmitted to the set of photo detectors are measured by the set of photo detectors. Then, in step S114, the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light emitted from the light source and the light transmitted to the set of photo detectors are obtained by processing the optical angular information and the absorption energy information. Next, in step S116, the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference are analyzed to obtain the information of the biological molecule, wherein the biological molecule at least comprises the glucose, the glucose information is obtained through the biological molecule information, the glucose concentration in the eyeball (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) is read through the corresponding relationship. The biological molecule is, for example, cholesterol, uric acid, water, lactic acid, urea, ascorbic acid, or a combination thereof. Moreover, the biological molecule may comprise an interference molecule therein, and the interference molecule is, for example, different from the measurement target (e.g., glucose), such as cholesterol, uric acid, water, lactic acid, urea, or ascorbic acid. Wherein, ascorbic acid and lactic acid may generate interference to the optical angular information whereas water may generate interference to the absorption energy information. Furthermore, in step S116, interference generated by the interference molecule may further be selectively removed. Variations of the method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring and various used devices of the fifth exemplary embodiment have been described in detail in the first to the fourth exemplary embodiments, so that descriptions thereof are not repeated.
According to the above descriptions, in the method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring of the fifth exemplary embodiment, since an optical eyeball detecting method is used to measure the glucose information (e.g., glucose value) of the measuring object, the glucose information (e.g., glucose concentration) of the measuring object may be continuously obtained in real time, and since the glucose concentration has a relationship with a blood glucose concentration, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) may be read.
On the other hand, the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment of the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring may further be used in the application of a portable mobile device, so that the portable mobile device has a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function. The portable mobile device is, for example, mobile phone, tablet PC, digital camera, and so forth. The following descriptions below are, the exemplary embodiments, for describing a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a sixth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 6, a difference between a portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment and the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring 300 of the second exemplary embodiment is that the portable mobile device 600 further comprises a device body 602 and an optical kit 604. The optical kit 604 is disposed on the device body 602, and the optical kit 604 comprises the first beam splitter 104 therein. A set of photo detectors 606, the processing unit 108, the light source 102, the light information analysis unit 116, and the alarm 118 are, for example, disposed in the device body 602, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Moreover, the set of photo detectors 606 comprises an optical angular measuring device 612 and an energy measuring device 614, wherein the portable mobile device 600 uses a light sensing element in a camera module thereof as the energy measuring device 614 in the set of photo detectors 606. The optical angular measuring device 612 and the energy measuring device 614 are, for example, respectively coupled to the processing unit 108, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The optical angular measuring device 612 is, for example, an active optical angular measuring device or a passive optical angular measuring device. The energy measuring device 614 is, for example, a light sensing element, such as a charge coupled device, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors or a light emitting diode. In addition, the light 110 used by the portable mobile device 600 for blood glucose monitoring is transmitted through a light route of the camera module of the portable mobile device 600. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 of the second exemplary embodiment, and the similar components of the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment and of the apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring 300 of the second exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the third exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
Moreover, in the sixth exemplary embodiment, an end of the joint element 124 is connected to a light outlet 601 of the portable mobile device 600, and another end of the joint element 124 is used for resting on an outer corner of the eye.
On the other hand, the optical kit 604 may further selectively comprise a lens set 608. When the optical kit 604 has the lens set 608, the optical kit 604 may be integrated as a camera lens in camera module of the portable mobile device 600. In addition, whether or not the optical kit 604 has the lens set 608, the camera lens in the camera module of the portable mobile device 600 camera module may be replaced by the optical kit 604 in order to perform the blood glucose monitoring. In another exemplary embodiment, during the blood glucose monitoring, the optical kit 604, with the design of the light source, may be externally attached directly on the camera lens of the camera module of the portable mobile device 600.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the reflected light 111 emitted from the light source 102 is transmitted into the eyeball 200 and focused on the eyeball 200 through the first beam splitter 104. The set of photo detectors 606 is, for example, used to measure the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through or reflected from the first beam splitter 104. The reflected light 111 to be measured is first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device 612 for measuring the optical angular information, and then transmitted to the energy measuring device 614 for measuring the absorption energy information.
According to the above descriptions, the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining a glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, a blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 600, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 600 to connect to the cloud.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a seventh exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, a difference between a portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment is that the portable mobile device 700 further comprises the second beam splitter 404 (may be referred to the third exemplary embodiment), and the set of photo detectors 606 further comprises an optical angular measuring device 616 and an energy measuring device 618. The optical angular measuring device 616 is, for example, an active optical angular measuring device or a passive optical angular measuring device. The energy measuring device 618 is, for example, a light sensing element, such as a charge coupled device, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors or a light emitting diode. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment, and the similar components of the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment and of the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the third exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
The second beam splitter 404 is, for example, to transmit the light 110 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then transmitted through the first beam splitter 104 to the set of photo detectors 606. The second beam splitter 404 is, for example, an optical film, an optical lens, an optical grating, a diffractive optic element, or a combination of any the above elements.
In the set of photo detectors 606, the optical angular measuring device 612 and the energy measuring device 614 are, for example, used for measuring a ray of reflected light 111c reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104. The reflected light 111c to be measured is, for example, first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device 612 for measuring the optical angular information, and then transmitted to the energy measuring device 614 for measuring the absorption energy. The optical angular measuring device 616 and the energy measuring device 618 are, for example, used for measuring a ray of reflected light 111d reflected from the eyeball 200, transmitted to the second beam splitter 404 through the first beam splitter 104 to the, and then reflect by the second beam splitter 404. The reflected light 111d to be measured is, for example, first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device 616 for measuring the optical angular information, and then transmitted to the energy measuring device 618 for measuring the absorption energy information.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the energy measuring devices 614, 618 are described as two separate components; however, in another exemplary embodiment, the energy measuring devices 614, 618 may be a plurality of different sensing regions on the same light sensing element and may also use the different sensing regions on the light sensing element to sense the light.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110c emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110c, 110d transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 700, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 700 to connect to the cloud.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with an eighth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, a difference between a portable mobile device 800 of the eighth exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment is that, in the portable mobile device 700, the light 110 may generate two rays of light 110e, 110f after passed through the first beam splitter 104, thus not having the second beam splitter 404 in the portable mobile device 700. In addition, the set of photo detectors 606 of the portable mobile device 800 has only the energy measuring device 614 not the energy measuring device 618. The energy measuring device 614 comprises a plurality of sensing regions 614a, 614b, wherein the sensing regions 614a, 614b may respectively measure the absorption energy information of the light 110e, 110f. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 800 of the eighth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment, and the similar components in the eighth exemplary embodiment and in the seventh exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the seventh exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the same energy measuring device 614 is used to measure the light 110e, 110f. However, in another exemplary embodiment, the portable mobile device 800 may also use two separate energy measuring devices to measure the light 110e, 110f. 
It is noted that, in the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, the light 110 being divided into two rays of light 110e, 110f by the first beam splitter 104 is taken as an example for the description, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to know that, according to the above exemplary embodiments, when the light 110 is divided into two or more rays of light by the first beam splitter 104, the number of the sensing regions on the energy measuring device 614 may also be divided into two or more, so as to respectively correspond to the light from the first beam splitter 104, and thus capable of measuring the absorption energy information of the corresponded light, respectively.
Although, in the present embodiment, the two or more rays of the light received by the energy measuring device 614 is generated by the first beam splitter 104, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another exemplary embodiment, the two or more rays of the light received by the energy measuring device 614 may also be formed by the light source 100; therefore, the light passed through the first beam splitter 104 may be more than two, and now the number of the sensing regions on the energy measuring device 614 may also be divided into more than two, so as to respectively correspond to the light from the first beam splitter 104, and thus capable of measuring the absorption energy information of the corresponded light, respectively.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 800 of the eighth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110e, 110f transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 800, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 800 to connect to the cloud for using the real-time blood glucose data to remind or control medication and to directly inform the medical unit to perform first aid in case of emergency situation.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a ninth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, a difference between a portable mobile device 900 of the ninth exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment is that the composition of an optical kit 904 of the ninth exemplary embodiment is different from the composition of the optical kit 604 of the seventh exemplary embodiment. The optical kit 904 is externally attached and disposed on the device body 602, and the optical kit 904 other than comprises the first beam splitter 104 and the lens set 608, also comprises the light source 102 and the second beam splitter 404. In addition, the optical kit 904 may further selectively comprise the light information analysis unit 116 and the alarm 118. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 900 of the ninth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment, and the similar components in the ninth exemplary embodiment and in the seventh exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the seventh exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 900 of the ninth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110c, 110d transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 800, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 800 to connect to the cloud.
It is noted that the concept of the externally connected optical kit 904 of the portable mobile device 900 in the ninth exemplary embodiment may also be applied to the sixth to the eighth exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a tenth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 10, a difference between a portable mobile device 1000 of the tenth exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment is that the composition of an optical kit 1004 of the tenth exemplary embodiment is different from the composition of the optical kit 604 of the sixth exemplary embodiment. The optical kit 1004 is externally attached and disposed on a lens 1006 of the portable mobile device 1000, and the optical kit 1004 comprises the first beam splitter 104, the light source 102 and the optical angular measuring device 612. In addition, the optical kit 1004 may further selectively comprise the light information analysis unit 116 and the alarm 118. One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to couple the light source 102, the optical angular measuring device 612 and the light information analysis unit 116 with the processing unit 108 using the most suitable method, so that detailed descriptions are not repeated. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 1000 of the tenth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 600 of the sixth exemplary embodiment, and the similar components in the tenth exemplary embodiment and in the sixth exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the sixth exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
When measuring the blood glucose, the optical angular measuring device 612 and the energy measuring device 614 are, for example, used to measure the reflected light 111 reflected from the eyeball 200 and then passed through the first beam splitter 104. The reflected light 111 to be measured is, for example, first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device 612 for measuring the optical angular information, and then transmitted to the energy measuring device 614, after passed through the lens 1006, for measuring the absorption energy information.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 1000 of the tenth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the reflected light 111 transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g. concentration of glucose), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g. concentration of blood glucose) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 1000, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 1000 to connect to the cloud.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with an eleventh exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, a difference between a portable mobile device 1100 of the eleventh exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 1000 of the tenth exemplary embodiment is that, in the portable mobile device 1100, the reflected light 111 may generate two rays of reflected light 111g, 111h after passed through the first beam splitter 104. In addition, the set of photo detectors 606 of the portable mobile device 1100 comprises the optical angular measuring devices 612, 616 and the energy measuring device 614. Wherein, the energy measuring device 614 comprises the sensing regions 614c, 614d. The reflected light 111g, 111h may measure the optical angular information through the optical angular measuring devices 612, 616, respectively, and then measure the absorption energy information through the sensing regions 614c, 614d of the energy measuring device 614, respectively. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 1100 of the eleventh exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 1000 of the tenth exemplary embodiment, and the similar components in the eleventh exemplary embodiment and in the tenth exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the tenth exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the portable mobile device 1100 may measure the light 110g, 110h by the same energy measuring device 614. However, in another exemplary embodiment, the portable mobile device 1100 may also use two separate energy measuring devices to measure the light 110g, 110h. 
It is noted that, in the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, the light 110 being divided into two rays of light 110g, 110h by the first beam splitter 104 is taken as an example for the description, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to know that, according to the above exemplary embodiments, when the light 110 can be divided into two or more rays of light 110g, 110h by the first beam splitter 104, the number of sensing regions on the energy measuring device 614 may also be divided into two or more, so as to respectively correspond to the light from the first beam splitter 104, and thus capable of respectively measuring the absorption energy information of the corresponded light.
Although, in the present exemplary embodiment, the two or more rays of the light received by the energy measuring device 614 is generated by the first beam splitter 104, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another exemplary embodiment, the two or more rays of the light received by the energy measuring device 614 may also be formed by the light source 100; therefore, the light passed through the first beam splitter 104 may be more than two, and now the number of sensing regions on the energy measuring device 614 may also be divided into more than two, so as to respectively correspond to the light from the first beam splitter 104, and thus capable of respectively measuring the absorption energy information of the corresponded light.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 1100 of the eleventh exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110g, 110h transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 1100, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 1100 to connect to the cloud.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a twelfth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 12, a difference between a portable mobile device 1200 of the twelfth exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment is that, in the portable mobile device 1200, the reflected light 111 may generate two rays of reflected light 111i, 111j after passed through the second beam splitter 404. In addition, a set of photo detectors 1206 of the portable mobile device 1200 comprises a first photo detector 1208 and a second photo detector 1210, and the first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 are located at a same side of the second beam splitter 404. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 are, for example, located at the side of the second beam splitter 404 where the reflected light 111 is reflect from, and are respectively used to measure two rays of reflected light 111i, 111j generated by reflecting the reflected light 111 through the second beam splitter 404. Wherein, one of the first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 is, for example, the optical angular measuring device for measuring the optical angular information, and another of the first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 is, for example, the measuring device for measuring the absorption energy information. In other exemplary embodiment, the first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 may also comprise the optical angular measuring device and the energy measuring device, respectively. The first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 are, for example, coupled to the processing unit 108, but the discourse is not limited thereto. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 1200 of the twelfth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 700 of the seventh exemplary embodiment, and the similar components in the twelfth exemplary embodiment and in the seventh exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the fourth exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
In another example embodiment, the first photo detector 1208 and the second photo detector 1210 may also located at the side of the second beam splitter 404 where the light 110 passes there through, and are respectively used to measure light 110a, 110b generated by the light 110 after passed through the second beam splitter 404.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 1200 of the twelfth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110i, 110g transmitted to the set of photo detectors 1206, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 1200, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 1000 to connect to the cloud for using the real-time blood glucose data to remind or control medication and to directly inform the medical unit to perform first aid in case of emergency situation.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function in accordance with a thirteenth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, a difference between a portable mobile device 1300 of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment and the portable mobile device 1200 of the twelfth exemplary embodiment is that the composition of an optical kit 1304 of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment is different from the composition of an optical kit 1204 of the twelfth exemplary embodiment. The optical kit 1304 is externally attached and disposed on the device body 602, and the optical kit 1304 other than comprises the first beam splitter 104 and the lens set 608, also comprises the light source 102 and the second beam splitter 404. In addition, the optical kit 904 may further selectively comprise the light information analysis unit 116 and the alarm 118. Compositions, coupling relations and functions of the other components of the portable mobile device 1300 of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment are similar to that of the portable mobile device 1200 of the twelfth exemplary embodiment, and the similar components in the thirteenth exemplary embodiment and in the twelfth exemplary embodiment are with similar compositions; furthermore, the method for blood glucose monitoring may be referred to the twelfth exemplary embodiment, so that detailed descriptions thereof are not repeated.
Similarly, the portable mobile device 1300 of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment may simultaneously analyze the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference between the light 110 emitted from the light source 102 and the light 110i 110j transmitted to the set of photo detectors 606, thus obtaining the glucose information (e.g., glucose value), and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball 200 (e.g., aqueous humor within eyeball) has a corresponding relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) with high accuracy is read through the corresponding relationship. In addition, since the blood glucose monitoring function is integrated to the portable mobile device 1300, it is convenient in utilization. Moreover, telemedicine care may be provided by using the program or network of the portable mobile device 1300 to connect to the cloud.
In addition, although the apparatus for non-invasive glucose monitoring used in the application of portable mobile device described the sixth to the thirteenth exemplary embodiments are taken as examples for the descriptions, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. One of ordinary skill in the art would able to refer to the portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function disclosed in the sixth to the thirteenth exemplary embodiment to combine the concept of the portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function with the various implementations of the first to the fourth exemplary embodiments, so as to produce a diversified portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function.
Moreover, although the first to the thirteenth exemplary embodiments use the examples of measuring a single eye for the descriptions, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to know the method for applying the contents of the present disclosure to both two eyes according the aforementioned exemplary embodiments.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for analyzing biological molecule in accordance with a fourteenth exemplary embodiment.
The method for analyzing biological molecule in the present embodiment, for example, performs analyzing through the processing unit of an apparatus for biological molecule monitoring. The biological molecule, such as glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, water, lactic acid, urea, ascorbic acid or a combination thereof is analyzed.
Referring to FIG. 14, step S202 may be performed to obtain the optical angular difference. A method for obtaining the optical angular difference comprises the following steps. Firstly, a portion of a plurality of optical angular difference values that exceeded an acceptable variation range measured by the apparatus for biological molecule monitoring is discarded. Then, at least one mathematical statistical method is used to calculate the optical angular difference values. Wherein, the mathematical statistical method is, for example, a least square error regression analysis method. The acceptable variation range is, for example, the range represented by the following listed mathematical formulas.
The acceptable variation range for the optical angular difference=the arithmetic mean of the optical angular difference values×(1±15%).
In addition, step S204 may be performed to obtain the absorption energy difference. A method for obtaining the absorption energy difference comprises the following steps. Firstly, a portion of a plurality of absorption energy difference values that exceeded the acceptable variation range measured by the apparatus for biological molecule monitoring is discarded. Then, at least one mathematical statistical method is used to calculate the absorption energy difference values. Wherein, the mathematical statistical method is, for example, a least square error regression analysis method. The acceptable variation range is, for example, the range represented by the following listed mathematical formulas.
The acceptable variation range for the absorption energy difference=the arithmetic mean of the absorption energy difference values×(1±15%).
Step S206 is performed to establish at least one first polynomial equation representing the relationship between the biological molecule and the optical angular difference, and at least one second polynomial equation representing the relationship between the biological molecule and the absorption energy difference. Wherein, the biological molecule comprises a target molecule and at least one interference molecule, and a plurality of variables of the first polynomial equation and the second polynomial equation respectively comprise the target molecule concentration and the interference molecule concentration variables.
The first polynomial equation is, for example, established from a plurality of biological molecule concentration values and a plurality of corresponding optical angular difference values stored in a database. The second polynomial equation is, for example, established from a plurality of biological molecule concentration values and a plurality of corresponding absorption energy difference values stored in the database. Wherein, a plurality of samples of the biological molecule concentration values stored in the database comprises a plurality of live samples or a plurality of standard samples.
In addition, the steps of establishing the first polynomial equation and the second polynomial equation further comprise distinguishing between a plurality of optical angular difference ranges and a plurality of absorption energy difference ranges, having the first polynomial equation correspondingly used in each of the optical angular difference ranges, and having the second polynomial equation correspondingly used in each of the absorption energy ranges.
For example, when the target molecule is the glucose and the interference molecule is the lactic acid, and three optical angular difference ranges and three absorption energy difference ranges are distinguished, the selected first polynomial equation and second polynomial equation are shown below, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
The first polynomial equation corresponded to the first optical angular difference range:

θ(glucose effect+lactic acid effect)=a1Xglucose concentration+b1Ylactic acid concentration+c1 

The first polynomial equation corresponded to the second optical angular difference range:

θ(glucose effect+lactic acid effect)=a1′Xglucose concentration+b1′Ylactic acid concentration+c1′

The first polynomial equation corresponded to the third optical angular difference range:

θ(glucose effect+lactic acid effect)=a1′′Xglucose concentration+b1′′Ylactic acid concentration+c1′′

wherein, θ(glucose effect+lactic acid effect) is the optical angular difference, Xglucose concentration is the target molecule concentration variable, Ylactic acid concentration is the interference molecule concentration variable, a1, a1′, a1′′, b1, b1′, b1′′, c1, c1′ and c1′′ are the known coefficients.
The second polynomial equation corresponded to the first absorption energy difference range:

P(glucose effect+lactic acid effect)=a2Xglucose concentration+b2Ylactic acid concentration+c2 

The second polynomial equation corresponded to the second absorption energy difference range:

P(glucose effect+lactic acid effect)=a2′Xglucose concentration+b2′Ylactic acid concentration+c2′

The second polynomial equation corresponded to the third absorption energy difference range:

P(glucose effect+lactic acid effect)=a2′′Xglucose concentration+b2′′Ylactic acid concentration+c2′′

wherein, P(glucose effect+lactic acid effect) is the optical rotatory distribution difference, Xglucose concentration is the target molecule concentration variable, Ylactic acid concentration is the interference molecule concentration variable, a2, a2′, a2′′, b2, b2′, b2′′, c2, c2′ and c2′′ are the known coefficients.
Step S208 is performed, by which the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference measured by the apparatus for biological molecule monitoring are substituted into the first polynomial equation and the second polynomial equation to calculate a first target molecule concentration of the target molecule which simultaneously exists in the target molecule and the interference molecule. A method for calculating the first target molecule concentration is, for example, solving the simultaneous equations of the first polynomial equation and the second polynomial equation. During the process of performing step S208, the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference are analyzed by controlling the change factor, in order to obtain the first target molecule concentration. Wherein, the change factor comprises a light emitting frequency, a light energy intensity, a length of turn-on time of the light, a length of turn-off time of the light, an opto-element offset, or a combination thereof.
In addition, steps S210, S212, S214, S216, S218, or a combination thereof may be performed selectively.
In step S210, at least one first graph or at least one third polynomial equation representing the relationship between the biological molecule and the optical angular difference is established. Wherein, the variable of the third polynomial equation comprises the target molecule concentration variable.
The first graph and the third polynomial equation, for example, are established from the biological molecule concentration values stored in the database and the corresponding optical angular difference values. Wherein, the samples of the biological molecule concentration stored in the database comprise a plurality of live samples or a plurality of standard samples.
In addition, the steps of establishing the first graph or the third polynomial equation further comprise distinguishing a plurality of optical angular difference ranges, having the first graph, the third polynomial equation, or the combination thereof correspondingly used in each of the optical angular difference ranges.
For example, when the target molecule is the glucose and three optical angular difference ranges are distinguished, the selected third polynomial equation is shown below, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
The third polynomial equation corresponded to the first optical rotatory distribution angular difference range:

θ(glucose effect)=a3Xglucose concentration+c3 

The third polynomial equation corresponded to the second optical angular difference range:

θ(glucose effect)=a3′Xglucose concentration+c3′

The third polynomial equation corresponded to the third optical angular difference range:

θ(glucose effect)=a3′′Xglucose concentration+c3′′

wherein, θ(glucose effect) is the optical angular difference, Xglucose concentration is the target molecule concentration variable, a3, a3′, a3′′, c3, c3′ and c3′′ are the known coefficients.
In step S212, the optical angular difference measured by the apparatus for biological molecule monitoring is substituted into the first graph, the third polynomial equation or the combination thereof to calculate the second target molecule concentration of the target molecule. During the process of performing step S212, the optical angular difference is analyzed by controlling the change factor, in order to obtain the second target molecule concentration. Wherein, the change factor comprises the light emitting frequency, the light energy intensity, the length of turn-on time of the light, the length of turn-off time of the light, the opto-element offset, or the combination thereof
In step S214, at least one second graph or at least one fourth polynomial equation representing the relationship between the biological molecule and the absorption energy difference is established. Wherein, the variable of the fourth polynomial equation comprises the target molecule concentration variable.
The second graph and the fourth polynomial equation, for example, are established from the biological molecule concentration values and the corresponding absorption energy difference values stored in the database. Wherein, the samples of the biological molecule concentration stored in the database comprise a plurality of live samples or a plurality of standard samples.
In addition, the steps of establishing the second graph or the fourth polynomial equation further comprise distinguishing a plurality of absorption energy difference ranges, having the second graph, the fourth polynomial equation, or the combination thereof correspondingly used in each of the absorption energy difference ranges.
For example, when the target molecule is the glucose and three absorption energy difference ranges are distinguished, the selected fourth polynomial equation is shown below, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
The fourth polynomial equation corresponded to the first absorption energy difference range:

P(glucose effect)=a4Xglucose concentration+c4 

The fourth polynomial equation corresponded to the second absorption energy difference range:

P(glucose effect)=a4′Xglucose concentration+c4′

The fourth polynomial equation corresponded to the third absorption energy difference range:

P(glucose effect)=a4′′Xglucose concentration+c4′′

wherein, P(glucose effect) is the absorption energy difference, Xglucose concentration is the target molecule concentration variable, a4, a4′, a4′′, c4, c4′ and c4′′ are the known coefficients.
In step S216, the absorption energy difference measured by the apparatus for biological molecule monitoring is substituted into the second graph, the fourth polynomial equation or the combination thereof to calculate a third target molecule concentration of the target molecule. During the process of performing step S216, the absorption energy difference is analyzed by controlling the change factor, in order to obtain the third target molecule concentration. Wherein, the change factor comprises the light emitting frequency, the light energy intensity, the length of turn-on time of the light, the length of turn-off time of the light, the opto-element offset, or the combination thereof.
In step S218, the first target molecule concentration, the second target molecule concentration, the third target molecule concentration or a combination thereof determines a final target molecule concentration. In other embodiments, when the step S218 is not performed, the first target molecule concentration obtained through the step S208 may be used as the final target molecule concentration.
According to the fourteenth embodiment, the analysis method of the above-mentioned biological molecule may obtain the target molecule concentration, which simultaneously exists in the target molecule and the interference molecule through the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference; therefore, a more accurate concentration of target molecule may be obtained.
In summary, the above embodiments at least include the following features:
1. The apparatus for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring provided by the aforementioned exemplary embodiments may be used to measure the glucose information accurately (e.g., glucose value) of the measuring object, and since the concentration of glucose in the eyeball (e.g., aqueous humor within the eyeball) has a relationship with the concentration of blood glucose, the blood glucose information (e.g., blood glucose value) may be read according to the relationship.
2. The portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function provided by the aforementioned exemplary embodiments may be miniaturized in applications, so as to improve utilization convenience.
3. Utilization environments of the portable mobile device with a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring function provided by the aforementioned exemplary embodiments have no special restriction, thus may be used indoors and outdoors.
4. The blood glucose value of the measuring object may be continuously obtained in real time according to the method for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring provided by the aforementioned exemplary embodiment.
The analysis method for the biological molecule provided by the aforementioned exemplary embodiment may obtain the target molecule concentration which simultaneously exists in the target molecule and the interference molecule, through the optical angular difference values and the absorption energy difference values; therefore, a more accurate concentration of target molecule may be obtained
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A method for non-invasive glucose monitoring by measuring at least two properties of reflected light from inside an eyeball and using a process that uses the two measured properties together to do the glucose monitoring, comprising:
emitting, using at least one light source, at least one ray of light;
transmitting, using a first beam splitter having a focusing function, the light emitted from the light source into an anterior chamber of the eyeball;
focusing, using the first beam splitter, the light on the anterior chamber of the eyeball, whereby the reflected light from the anterior chamber of the eyeball is generated;
simultaneously measuring, using a set of light sensing elements, the at least two properties of the reflected light from the eyeball transmitted by the first beam splitter and a polarizer to the set of light sensing elements, the measured at least two properties comprising optical angular information of the polarized light and absorption energy information of the reflected light;
simultaneously obtaining, using a processing unit, an optical angular difference and an absorption energy difference between the light emitted from the light source and the reflected light transmitted to the set of light sensing elements by processing the at least two measured properties; and
obtaining, using the processing unit, a biological molecule information of a biological molecule by analyzing both the optical angular difference and the absorption energy difference using at least one first polynomial equation and at least one second polynomial equation, the first polynomial equation representing a relationship between the biological molecule information and the optical angular difference, and the second polynomial equation representing a relationship between the biological molecule information and the absorption energy difference;
wherein the biological molecule at least comprises a glucose, and the biological molecule information comprises the glucose information.

2. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein the processing unit comprises an analog digital circuit integration module, wherein the analog digital circuit integration module comprises a microprocessor, an amplifier and an analog digital converter.

3. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 2, wherein the analog digital circuit integration module further comprises a wireless transmission device.

4. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, further comprising controlling an optical characteristic of the light source, an opto-element offset or the combination thereof, wherein the optical characteristic of the light source comprises using the light source to control an emitting frequency of the light, an intensity of the light, a length of turn-on time of the light, a length of turn-off time of the light, or a combination thereof.

5. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, further comprising detecting a light information of the light from the first beam splitter, before the light is directed into the eyeball, to perform a feedback control on the optical characteristic of the light.

6. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 5, wherein the light information comprises at least one of an energy information and a position information.

7. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 5, wherein the light information is detected by at least one of an optical power meter and an optic sensor.

8. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 5, wherein the feedback control on the optical characteristic is performed by the processing unit, an alarm or a light source control unit.

9. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein the biological molecule comprises a cholesterol, an uric acid, a water, a lactic acid, an urea, an ascorbic acid, or a combination thereof.

10. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 9, wherein the biological molecule comprises an interference molecule.

11. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of obtaining the molecule information, which comprises the glucose information, comprises removing interference caused by the interference molecule.

12. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein an optical angular measuring device comprises the polarizer and one of the light sensing elements to measure the optical angular information of the polarized light, and an energy measuring device comprises another one of the light sensing elements to measure the absorption energy information of the reflected light reflected from the eyeball, the optical angular measuring device and the energy measuring device receive the reflected light reflected from or passed through the first beam splitter.

13. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 12, wherein the optical angular measuring device and the energy measuring device are arranged at a same side of the first beam splitter, further comprising transmitting the reflected light reflected from the aqueous humor of the eyeball to a second beam splitter through the first beam splitter and then transmitting to the set of light sensing elements by the second beam splitter.

14. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 13, wherein the reflected light passing through the second beam splitter is first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device and then transmitted to the energy measuring device, and the reflected light reflected from the second beam splitter is first transmitted to another optical angular measuring device and then transmitted to another energy measuring device.

15. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 13, wherein the reflected light passes through the second beam splitter to form two rays of light, one ray is first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device and then transmitted to the energy measuring device, and the other ray is first transmitted to another optical angular measuring device and then transmitted to another energy measuring device.

16. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 12, wherein upon a condition that the optical angular measuring device and the energy measuring device are arranged at a same side of the first beam splitter, the reflected light through the first beam splitter is first transmitted to the optical angular measuring device and then transmitted to the energy measuring device.

17. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein the measurement of the optical angular information comprises using an active measuring method or a passive measuring method.

18. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 17, wherein the active measuring method comprises using an analyzer for measuring the optical angular information.

19. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 17, wherein the passive measuring method comprises using at least one passive measuring device to measure the optical angular information, wherein the passive measuring device comprises the polarizer, and the passive measuring device measures the optical angular information by measuring an energy of the reflected light passing through the polarizer.

20. The method for non-invasive glucose monitoring as recited in claim 1, further comprising determining a measuring position of the eyeball using aligning a sight-line of the eye with an eye-alignment position device.

21. A method for non-invasive glucose monitoring by measuring at least two optical properties of reflected light from inside an eyeball and using a process that uses the two measured optical properties together to do the glucose monitoring, comprising:
emitting, using at least one light source, at least one ray of light;
transmitting, using a first beam splitter having a focusing function, the light from the light source into an anterior chamber of the eyeball;
focusing, using the first beam splitter, the light in the anterior chamber of the eyeball, whereby the reflected light is generated from the anterior chamber of the eyeball;
simultaneously measuring, using a set of light sensing elements, the at least two optical properties of the reflected light reflected from the eyeball to the set of light sensing elements;
wherein measuring the at least two optical properties of the reflected light from the eyeball comprises measuring both optical angular information of a polarized light through a polarizer and absorption energy information of the reflected light; and
simultaneously determining, using a processing unit, the glucose information of the eyeball using both the optical angular information and the absorption energy information of the reflected light from the eyeball using at least one first polynomial equation and at least one second polynomial equation, the first polynomial equation representing a relationship between the glucose information and the optical angular information, and the second polynomial equation representing a relationship between the glucose information and the absorption energy information.