EXHIBIT 2 

Case: 1:17-cv-00754-DRC Doc #: 116-2 Filed: 07/21/21 Page: 1 of 5 PAGEID #: 2854
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the 

Development of International Standards, Guides and Reconunendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Conunittee. 

WI' INTERNATIONAL 

Designation: D3775 -12 

Standard Test Method for 

Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics' 

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of 

original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapprovaL A 

superscript epsilon (a) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 

1. Scope 

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of warp end 

count and filling pick count and is applicable to all types of 

woven fabrics. 

Nom 1—Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe 

the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms warp (end) and filling 

(pick) count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity. 

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 

standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 

only. 

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 

2. Referenced Documents 

2.1 ASTM Standards:

D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles 

D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles 

D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test 

Methods 

D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings 

2.2 Other Standard: 

ANSIJASQC Z1.4—Inspection by Attributes

3. Terminology 

3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test 

Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850 

3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: 

count, end, end count, filling, pick, pick count, thread count. 

thread count 

This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Fabric 

Test Methods, Specific 

Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Replaces 

Sections 28 to 34 of Methods D1910 —64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979. Last 

previous edition approved in 2008 as D3775 —08. DOT: 10. 15201D3775- 12. 

referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 

Standards volume information, refer tot he standard's Document Summary page on 

the ASTM website. 

Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th 

Floor, New York, NY 10036. 

3.2 For all terminology related to Home Furnishings, refer 

to Terminology D7023. 

3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123. 

4. Summary of Test Method 

4.1 The number of warp yarns (ends) per unit distance and 

filling yarns (picks) per unit distance are determined using 

suitable magnifying and counting devices or by raveling yarns 

from fabrics. See ANSI Z1.4. 

5. Significance and Use 

5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of colillilercial shipments because it has been used 

extensively in the trade for that purpose. 

5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), 

comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a 

statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative 

test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same 

lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results 

during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers 

to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories 

involved should be compared using a statistical test for 

unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing 

series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and 

corrected, or future test results for that material must be 

adjusted in consideration of the known bias. 

5.1.2 This test method is suitable for use with narrow fabrics 

when the count across the total width is measured in the narrow 

direction and extrapolated to the number of yarns per centimetre or inch. 

6. Apparatus 

6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule and 

pointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment. The use of 

optical sensing equipment may be used as agreed upon by the 

purchaser and supplier. 

6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm (1/16 in) to measure the 

width of the fabric test specimen to be raveled for a count of 

yarns. 

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D3775 —12 

7. Sampling 

7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, 

take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an 

applicable material specification or other agreement between 

the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the 

primary sampling units. 

7.2 Laboratory Sample— As a laboratory sample, take a full 

width swatch at least 2 m (2 yd) long from each roll of fabric 

in the lot sample. Consider each designated place at which 

warp end counts and filling pick counts are made as a test 

specimen. 

Nom 2—For specimens not obtained as directed in Section 7, the 

results should not be used for acceptance testing of a lot. 

8. Conditioning 

8.1 Condition specimens as directed in Practice D1776. 

8.2 Fabrics woven from yarns having a relatively low 

moisture regain in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, 

which is 21° ± 1 C (70 ± 2 F) and 65 % relative humidity, 

and which are not significantly affected by minor variations in 

different atmospheric conditions, for example, nylons, acrylics, 

and polyesters, may be tested without preconditioning. Fabrics 

woven from yarns composed wholly or in part from wool, 

rayon, cotton, or acetate are more sensitive to atmospheric 

changes and must be conditioned prior to testing, except by 

agreement of all parties interested in the test results. 

8.3 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properly 

conditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities, 

perform the test without conditioning and report the actual 

conditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results may 

not correspond with the results obtained after testing in the 

standard atmosphere for testing textiles. 

9. Procedure 

9.1 General: 

9.1.1 Count the number of warp yarns (ends) and filling 

yarns (picks) in five randomly spaced places diagonally across 

the width of the laboratory sampling unit. Count individual 

warp ends and filling picks as single units, regardless of 

whether they are comprised of single or plied components. 

9.1.2 When two yarns are laid-in together and parallel, 

count each yarn separately, as a single unit, regardless of 

whether it is comprised of single or plied components. 

9.1.3 In fancy weaves, where one or more yarns do not 

appear at regular, short intervals, make count measurements 

over at least one full pattern repeat of each design in the weave. 

9.1.4 When the coefficient of variation for five counts is 

higher than 5 %, make five additional counts and average the 

results of the ten readings. 

9.2 Specific Fabric Widths: 

9.2.1 For fabric widths of 1000 mm (40 in.) or more, make 

no count closer than 150 mm (6 in.) from the selvage edge, or 

within 0.5 m (0.5 yd) from the end of the roll or piece. 

9.2.2 For fabric widths of less than 1000 mm (40 in.) but 

greater than 125 mm (5 in.), make no count closer than one 

tenth of the width of the fabric, or within 0.5 m (0.5 yd) from 

the end of the roll or piece. 

9.2.3 For narrow fabrics constructed with widths of 25 mm 

(1 in.) or less, count all of the yarns in the width of the fabric. 

When the data are reported, the fabric width, the number of 

yarns within that width, and the resultant calculated yarns per 

centimetre (inch) shall be reported. 

9.3 Specific Fabric Counts 

9.3.1 For fabrics containing less than 1 yarn per mm (25 

yarns per in.), count the number of warp yarns (ends) over a 75 

mm (3 in.) width, in five randomly selected places across the 

width of the laboratory sampling unit, and count the number of 

filling yarns (picks) over a 75 mm (3 in.) length in five 

randomly selected places along the length of the laboratory 

sampling unit. 

9.3.1.1 When the coefficient of variation for five counts in a 

75 mm (3 in.) width is higher than 5%, discard those readings 

and make five fresh counts over a 125 mm (5 in.) width. 

9.3.1.2 For fabrics containing 1 yarn per mm (25 yarns per 

in.) or higher, count the number of warp yarn (ends) over 25 

mm (1 in.) of width in five different, randomly selected places 

across the width of the laboratory sampling unit, and count the 

number of filling yarns (picks) over a 25 mm (1 in.) length in 

five different, randomly selected places along the length of the 

laboratory sampling unit. 

9.4 Count by Raveling Options— When individual yarns 

cannot be readily distinguished for counting in a fabric, one of 

the two alternative options shown below may be used. 

9.4.1 Ravel a piece of fabric parallel to the direction to be 

counted, obtain a straight edge, then ravel and count the yarns 

in a 25 nun (1 in.) strip. For example, cut a strip of fabric from 

each randomly selected place, approximately 35 mm (1.5 in.) 

wide, and of practical length parallel to the yarns to be counted. 

Then ravel each strip to give a testing width of 25 mm (1 in.) 

by removing an approximately equal number of yarns from 

each side, prior to counting. 

9.4.2 Make a straight cut through the fabric across the yarns 

to be counted. Place a ruler along the cut edge and mark off a 

25 mm (1 in.) length. Count the number of yarns protruding 

between the two marks. If possible, ravel a yarn or two, to 

ensure that only protruding yarns are being counted. 

10. Calculation 

10.1 Calculate the average of all warp end counts made for 

the warp direction to the nearest individual yam for each roll 

and for the lot. 

10.2 Calculate the average of all filling pick counts made for 

the filling direction to the nearest individual yarn for each roll 

and for the lot. 

10.3 When requested, calculate the thread count of the 

fabric as the sum of the warp end and filling pick counts to the 

nearest whole number for each roll and for the lot. 

10.4 For narrow fabrics, extrapolate the count in the narrow 

direction to 1 cm (in.) using the following equations: 

Count/W, cm = yarns/cm (1) 

Count/W, in. = yarns/in. (2) 

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where: 

Count = count in the narrow direction, and 

W = fabric width, mm or in. 

Examples: 

20/0.6 cm = 33 yarns/cm 

20/0.25 in. = 80 yarns/inch 

0.111 D3775 -12 

materials were tested in each of four laboratories. Two operators in each laboratory each tested two specimens of each 

material for both warp end count and filling pick count. The 

first fabric was a 65 % polyester and 35 % cotton seersucker 

type basket weave. The second fabric was a 65 % polyester and 

35 % cotton gingham check. The third fabric was an 88 % 

cotton and 12 % polyester corduroy. The fourth fabric was a 

100 % cotton denim. Warp end counts ranged from about 50 to 

130 ends/in., and filling pick counts ranged from about 50 to 

125 picks/in. The components of variance for warp end count 

and for filling pick count expressed as standard deviations were 

calculated to be as follows: 

(3) 

(4) 

11. Report 

11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in Test 

Method D3775. Describe the material or product sampled and 

the method of sampling used. 

11.2 Report the following information: 

11.2.1 Average number of warp yarns (ends) and filling 

yarns (picks) per 25 mm (1 in.) calculated to the nearest 

individual yarn; when stating the count for the fabric, show the 

warp yarn (end) count first followed by the filling yarn (pick) 

count for each roll and for the lot. For example: 

Count= 100 X40 or 100 by 40 

Nom 3—The result is to be read as "one hundred by forty" not as 4000. 

11.2.2 For narrow fabrics less than 25 cm (1 in.) report the 

width of the fabric in the narrow direction, the number of yarns 

within that width, and the resultant calculated yarns per 

centimetre (1 in.). 

11.2.3 Thread count for each roll and for the lot, when 

requested, 

11.2.4 Size of the pattern repeat, size of each design 

component in the pattern, and the total yarns in each measured 

component for fabrics having fancy weaves, 

11.2.5 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests were 

conducted and whether the specimens were conditioned as 

directed in Practice D1776. 

12. Precision and Bias 

12.1 Summary—In comparing two averages of five observations when measuring the warp end or filling pick count of 

a woven fabric, the difference should not exceed about 0.42 

ends or picks/in. in 95 out of 100 cases when all the 

observations were taken by the same well-trained operator 

using the same piece of equipment and specimens randomly 

drawn from the same sample of material. Larger differences are 

likely under all other circumstances. 

12.2 InterIaboratory Test Data —An interlaboratory test 

was run in 1981 in which randomly drawn specimens of four 

Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may 

be obtained by requesting Research Report RRD13-1067. 

Counts 

Single Material 

Comparisons: 

Warp End or Filling 

Pick Counts 

Multi-material 

Comparisons : 

Warp End Counts 

Filling Pick Counts 

SingleOperator 

Component 

0.337 

0.551 

0.000 

WithinLaboratory 

Component 

BetweenLaboratory 

Component 

0.000 0.458 

0.000 0.383 

0.000 0.736 

NOTE 4—The square roots of the components are being reported to 

express the variability in the appropriate unit of measure rather than as the 

square of those units of measure. 

12.3 Precision—For the components of variance reported in 

12.2, two averages of observed values should be considered 

significantly different at the 95 % probability level if the 

difference equals or exceeds the critical differences in Table 1. 

Nom 5—The tabulated values of the critical differences should be 

considered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to betweenlaboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made about 

two specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, between 

them must be established with each such comparison being based on 

recent data obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material of the type 

being evaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and then 

randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories. 

12.4 Bias—Test Method D3775 for counting warp ends and 

filling picks in woven fabrics has no known bias and is used as 

a referee method. 

13. Keywords 

13.1 construction; fabric; filling pick count; warp end count; 

woven 

single-operator components for multi-material comparisons are in addition 

to the single-operator components for single-material comparisons and are not 

reduced by replication. 

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D3775 12 

TABLE 1 Cr cal Differences for the Cond ons Noted. 95 % 

Probabi li ty Level, Ends or Pcks/n 

Number of 

Observations 

in Each 

Average 

Sine- Within- Between 

Operator Laboratory Laboratory 

Precision Precision Precision 

Single-material Comparison (warp end or filing count) 

1 0.93 093 1.58 

5 0.42 0.42 1.34 

10 0.30 030 1.30 

20 0.21 0.21 1.29 

Multi-material Comparison (warp end count only) 

1.79 1.79 2.06 

5 1.56 158 1.91 

10 1.56 1.56 1.86 

20 1.54 1.54 1.87 

Multi-material Comparison (filing pick count only) 

1 0.93 0.93 2.24 

5 0.42 042 2.08 

10 0.30 0.30 2.06 

20 0.21 021 2.05 

' The critical differences were calculated using 1 = 1.960 which is based on infinite 

degrees of freedom. 

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