MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 1

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc ANNEX 26

RESOLUTION MEPC.207(62)

Adopted on 15 July 2011

2011 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF S HIPS ' BIOFOULING

TO MINIMIZE THE TRANSFER OF INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIE S

THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE,

RECALLING Article 38 of the Convention on the Inter national Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Marine Environment Protection Committee relating to any matter within the scope of the Organization concern ed with the prevention and control of marine pollution from ships,

RECALLING ALSO that Member States of the Internatio nal Maritime Organization made a clear commitment to minimizing the transfer of inva sive aquatic species by shipping in adopting the International Convention for the Contr ol and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004,

RECALLING FURTHER that studies have shown biofoulin g on ships to be an important means of transferring invasive aquatic species whic h, if established in new ecosystems, may pose threats to the environment, human health, prop erty and resources,

NOTING the objectives of the Convention on Biologic al Diversity, 1992, and that the transfer and introduction of aquatic invasive species throug h ships' biofouling threatens the conservation and sustainable use of biological dive rsity,

NOTING ALSO that implementing practices to control and manage ships' biofouling can greatly assist in reducing the risk of the transfer of invasive aquatic species,

NOTING FURTHER that this issue, being of worldwide concern, demands a globally consistent approach to the management of biofouling

,

HAVING CONSIDERED, at its sixty-second session, the draft Guidelines for the control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the tra nsfer of invasive aquatic species, developed by the Sub-Committee on Bulk Liquids and Gases,

1. ADOPTS the 2011 Guidelines for the control and m anagement of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species, as set out in the annex to the present resolution;

2. REQUESTS Member States to take urgent action in applying these Guidelines, including the dissemination thereof to the shipping industry and other interested parties, taking these Guidelines into account when adopting measures to minimize the risk of introducing invasive aquatic species via biofouling , and reporting to the MEPC on any experience gained in their implementation; and

3. AGREES to keep these Guidelines under review in light of the experience gained.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 2

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc ANNEX

2011 GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF S HIPS '

BIOFOULING TO MINIMIZE THE TRANSFER OF INVASIVE AQU ATIC SPECIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DEFINITIONS

3 APPLICATION

4 OBJECTIVES

5 BIOFOULING MANAGEMENT PLAN AND RECORD BOOK

Biofouling Management Plan Biofouling Record Book

6 ANTI-FOULING SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Choosing the anti-fouling system Installing, re-installing, or repairing the anti-f ouling system Procedures for ship maintenance and recycling faci lities

7 IN-WATER INSPECTION, CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

In-water inspection of ships In-water cleaning and maintenance

8 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

9 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION

10 TRAINING AND EDUCATION

11 OTHER MEASURES

12 FUTURE WORK

Research needs Independent information needs

APPENDIX 1 BIOFOULING MANAGEMENT PLAN AND RECORD BO OK

– Format and content of Biofouling Management Plan

APPENDIX 2 BIOFOULING MANAGEMENT PLAN AND RECORD BO OK

– Biofouling Record Book FormMEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 3

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 In the adoption of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 (BWM Conve ntion), Member States of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made a cl ear commitment to minimizing the transfer of invasive aquatic species by shipping. Studies have shown that biofouling can also be a significant vector for the transfer of invasiv e aquatic species. Biofouling on ships entering the waters of States may result in the est ablishment of invasive aquatic species which may pose threats to human, animal and plant l ife, economic and cultural activities and the aquatic environment.

1.2 While the International Convention on the Contr ol of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001 (AFS Convention) addresses anti-foul ing systems on ships, its focus is on the prevention of adverse impacts from the use of anti- fouling systems and the biocides they may contain, rather than preventing the transfer of invasive aquatic species.

1.3 The potential for invasive aquatic species tran sferred through biofouling to cause harm has been recognized by the IMO, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), several UNEP Regional Seas Conventions (e.g., Barcelona Con vention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution), the Asia Paci fic Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), and the Secretariat of the Pacific Region Environme ntal Program (SPREP).

1.4 All ships have some degree of biofouling, even those which may have been recently cleaned or had a new application of an anti-fouling coating system. Studies have shown that the biofouling process begins within the first few hours of a ship's immersion in water. The biofouling that may be found on a ship is influence d by a range of factors, such as follows:

.1 design and construction, particularly the number , location and design of niche areas;

.2 specific operating profile, including factors su ch as operating speeds, ratio of time underway compared with time alongside, moor ed or at anchor, and where the ship is located when not in use (e.g., op en anchorage or estuarine port);

.3 places visited and trading routes; and

.4 maintenance history, including: the type, age an d condition of any anti-fouling coating system, installation and opera tion of anti-fouling systems and dry-docking/slipping and hull cleaning practices.

1.5 Implementing practices to control and manage bi ofouling can greatly assist in reducing the risk of the transfer of invasive aquat ic species. Such management practices can also improve a ship's hydrodynamic performance and can be effective tools in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing air emissions from s hips. This concept has been identified by the IMO in the "Guidance for the development of a s hip energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP)" (MEPC.1/Circ.683).

1.6 These Guidelines for the control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species (hereafter "the Guidelines") are intended to provide a globally consistent approach to the management of b iofouling. As scientific and technological advances are made, the Guidelines will be refined t o enable the risk to be more adequately addressed. Port States, flag States, coastal State s and other parties that can assist in mitigating the problems associated with biofouling should exercise due diligence to implement the Guidelines to the maximum extent poss ible.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 4

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc 2 DEFINITIONS

2.1 For the purposes of these Guidelines, the follo wing definitions apply:

AFS Convention means the International Convention on the Control o f Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001.

Anti-fouling coating system means the combination of all component coatings, su rface treatments (including primer, sealer, binder, anti- corrosive and anti-fouling coatings) or other surface treatments, used on a ship to control or pr event attachment of unwanted aquatic organisms.

Anti-fouling system means a coating, paint, surface treatment, surface, or device that is used on a ship to control or prevent attachment of unwanted organisms.

Biofouling means the accumulation of aquatic organisms such a s micro-organisms, plants,

and animals on surfaces and structures immersed in or exposed to the aquatic environment. Biofouling can include microfouling and macrofoulin g (see below).

In-water cleaning means the physical removal of biofouling from a sh ip while in the water.

Invasive aquatic species means a species which may pose threats to human, a nimal and plant life, economic and cultural activities and th e aquatic environment.

Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS) means an anti-fouling system used for the prevention of biofouling accumulation in internal s eawater cooling systems and sea chests and can include the use of anodes, injection system s and electrolysis.

Member States means States that are Members of the International Maritime Organization.

Macrofouling means large, distinct multicellular organisms visib le to the human eye such as barnacles, tubeworms, or fronds of algae.

Microfouling means microscopic organisms including bacteria and diatoms and the slimy substances that they produce. Biofouling comprised of only microfouling is commonly referred to as a slime layer.

Niche areas mean areas on a ship that may be more susceptible t o biofouling due to different hydrodynamic forces, susceptibility to c oating system wear or damage, or being inadequately, or not, painted, e.g., sea chests, bo w thrusters, propeller shafts, inlet gratings, dry-dock support strips, etc.

Organization means the International Maritime Organization.

Port State authority means any official or organization authorized by th e Government of a port State to verify the compliance and enforcement of standards and regulations relevant to the implementation of national and international sh ipping control measures.

Ship means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the aquatic environment and includes hydrofoil boats, air-cushion vehicles, sub mersibles, floating craft, fixed or floating platforms, floating storage units (FSUs) and floati ng production storage and off-loading units (FPSOs).MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 5

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc States means coastal, port or Member States as appropriate

.

Treatment means a process which may use a mechanical, physica l, chemical or biological method to remove or render sterile, invasive or pot entially invasive aquatic species fouling a ship.

3 APPLICATION

3.1 The Guidelines are intended to provide useful r ecommendations on general

measures to minimize the risks associated with biof ouling for all types of ships and are directed to States, shipmasters, operators and owne rs, shipbuilders, ship cleaning and maintenance operators, port authorities, ship repai r, dry-docking and recycling facilities, ship designers, classification societies, anti-fouling p aint manufacturers and suppliers and any other interested parties. A State should determine the extent that the Guidelines are applied within that particular State.

3.2 A separate guidance document, based on these Gu idelines, provides advice relevant to owners and/or operators of recreational craft less than 24 metres in length, using terminology appropriate for that sector.

3.3 States should inform the Organization of any re levant biofouling regulations, management requirements or restrictions they are ap plying to international shipping.

4 OBJECTIVES

4.1 The objectives of these Guidelines are to provi de practical guidance to States, ship masters, operators and owners, shipbuilders, ship r epair, dry-docking and recycling facilities, ship cleaning and maintenance operators, ship desig ners, classification societies, anti-fouling paint manufacturers and suppliers and any other int erested parties, on measures to minimize the risk of transferring invasive aquatic species f rom ships' biofouling. It is important that biofouling management procedures be effective as we ll as environmentally safe, practical, designed to minimize costs and delays to the ship, and based upon these Guidelines whenever possible.

4.2 To minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic sp ecies, a ship should implement biofouling management practices, including the use of anti-fouling systems and other operational management practices to reduce the deve lopment of biofouling. The intent of such practices is to keep the ship's submerged surf aces, and internal seawater cooling systems, as free of biofouling as practical. A shi p following this guidance and minimizing macrofouling would have a reduced potential for tra nsferring invasive aquatic species via biofouling.

4.3 The management measures outlined within these G uidelines are intended to complement current maintenance practices carried ou t within the industry.

5 BIOFOULING MANAGEMENT PLAN AND RECORD BOOK

5.1 Implementation of an effective biofouling manag ement regime is critical for minimizing the transfer of invasive aquatic species . The biofouling management measures to be undertaken on a ship should be outlined in a biofouling management plan, and records of biofouling management practices kept in a biofou ling record book, as outlined below.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 6

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc Biofouling Management Plan

5.2 It is recommended that every ship should have a biofouling management plan. The intent of the plan should be to provide effecti ve procedures for biofouling management. An example of a Biofouling Management Plan is outli ned in appendix 1 of these Guidelines. The Biofouling Management Plan may be a stand-alone document, or integrated in part or fully, into the existing ships' operational and pro cedural manuals and/or planned maintenance system.

5.3 The biofouling management plan should be specif ic to each ship and included in the ship's operational documentation. Such a plan shou ld address, among other things, the following:

.1 relevant parts of these Guidelines;

.2 details of the anti-fouling systems and operatio nal practices or treatments used, including those for niche areas;

.3 hull locations susceptible to biofouling, schedu le of planned inspections, repairs, maintenance and renewal of anti-fouling sy stems;

.4 details of the recommended operating conditions suitable for the chosen anti-fouling systems and operational practices;

.5 details relevant for the safety of the crew, inc luding details on the anti-fouling system(s) used; and

.6 details of the documentation required to verify any treatments recorded in the Biofouling Record Book as outlined in appendix 2.

5.4 The biofouling management plan should be update d as necessary.

Biofouling Record Book

5.5 It is recommended that a Biofouling Record Book is maintained for each ship. The book should record details of all inspections and b iofouling management measures undertaken on the ship. This is to assist the ship owner and operator to evaluate the efficacy of the specific anti-fouling systems and operationa l practices on the ship in particular, and of the biofouling management plan in general. The rec ord book could also assist interested State authorities to quickly and efficiently assess the potential biofouling risk of the ship, and thus minimize delays to ship operations. The Biofo uling Record Book may be a stand-alone document, or integrated in part, or fully, into the existing ships' operational and procedural manuals and/or planned maintenance system.

5.6 It is recommended that the Biofouling Record Bo ok be retained on the ship for the life of the ship.

5.7 Information that should be recorded in a Biofou ling Record Book includes the following:

.1 details of the anti-fouling systems and operatio nal practices used (where appropriate as recorded in the Anti-fouling System Certificate), where and when installed, areas of the ship coated, its maint enance and, where applicable, its operation;MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 7

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc .2 dates and location of dry-dockings/slippings, in cluding the date the ship was re-floated, and any measures taken to remove bi ofouling or to renew or repair the anti-fouling system;

.3 the date and location of in-water inspections, t he results of that inspection and any corrective action taken to deal with observ ed biofouling;

.4 the dates and details of inspection and maintena nce of internal seawater cooling systems, the results of these inspections, and any corrective action taken to deal with observed biofouling and any repo rted blockages; and

.5 details of when the ship has been operating outs ide its normal operating profile including any details of when the ship was laid-up or inactive for extended periods of time.

5.8 An example of a Biofouling Record Book and info rmation to be recorded is included as appendix 2 to these Guidelines.

6 ANTI-FOULING SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

6.1 Anti-fouling systems and operational practices are the primary means of biofouling prevention and control for existing ships' submerge d surfaces, including the hull and niche areas. An anti-fouling system can be a coating sys tem applied to exposed surfaces, biofouling resistant materials used for piping and other unpainted components, marine growth prevention systems (MGPSs) for sea chests an d internal seawater cooling systems, or other innovative measures to control biofouling.

6.2 The anti-fouling system used should comply with the AFS Convention, where

necessary.

Choosing the anti-fouling system

6.3 Different anti-fouling systems are designed for different ship operating profiles so it is essential that ship operators, designers and bui lders obtain appropriate technical advice to ensure an appropriate system is applied or installe d. If an appropriate anti-fouling system is not applied, biofouling accumulation increases.

6.4 Some factors to consider when choosing an anti- fouling system include the following:

.1 planned periods between dry-docking – including any mandatory requirements for ships survey;

.2 ship speed – different anti-fouling systems are designed to optimize anti-fouling performance for specific ship speeds;

.3 operating profile – patterns of use, trade route s and activity levels, including periods of inactivity, influence the rate of biofou ling accumulation;

.4 ship type and construction; and

.5 any legal requirements for the sale and use of t he anti-fouling systems.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 8

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc 6.5 Consideration should also be given to the need for tailored, differential installation of anti-fouling coating systems for different areas of the ship to match the required performance and longevity of the coating with the expected wear , abrasion and water flow rates in specific areas, such as the bow, rudder, or internal seawate r cooling systems and sea chest interiors.

Installing, re-installing, or repairing the anti-fo uling system

6.6 Whether installing, re-installing or repairing the anti-fouling system, care should be taken in surface preparation to ensure all biofouli ng residues, flaking paint, or other surface contamination is completely removed, particularly i n niche areas, to facilitate good adhesion and durability of the anti-fouling system.

6.7 For sea chests the following should be consider ed when installing, re-installing, or repairing their anti-fouling systems:

.1 inlet grates and the internal surfaces of sea ch ests should be protected by an anti-fouling coating system that is suitable for the flow conditions of seawater over the grate and through the sea chest;

.2 care should be taken in surface preparation and application of any anti-fouling coating system to ensure adequate adhe sion and coating thickness. Particular attention should be paid to the corners and edges of sea chests, blowout pipes, holding brackets and the bars of grates. Grates may require a major refurbishment type of surface p reparation at each dry-docking to ensure coating durability; and

.3 the installation of MGPSs is encouraged to assis t in treating the sea chest and internal seawater piping as part of the biofoul ing management plan. A careful evaluation of the consequential effects o f MGPSs should be made before installation, including potential effects on the ship and/or the environment and the existence of regulations affect ing the use of MGPSs.

6.8 Other niche areas can also be particularly susc eptible to biofouling growth. Management measures for niche areas are outlined be low.

.1 Dry-docking support strips – Positions of dry-docking blocks and supports should be varied at each dry-docking, or a lternative arrangements made to ensure that areas under blocks are painted with anti-fouling, at least at alternate dry-dockings. These areas shoul d receive a major refurbishment type of surface preparation and be co ated at each dry-docking that they are accessible. Where it is not possible to alternate the position of dry-docking support strips, e.g., i n critical weight bearing areas such as under the engine-room, these areas sh ould be specially considered and managed by other means, e.g., the ap plication of specialized coatings or procedures.

.2 Bow and stern thrusters – The body and area around bow, stern and any other thrusters prone to coating damage, should be routinely maintained at dry-dockings. Particular attention should be paid to any free flooding spaces which may exist around the thruster tunnel. The ho usings/recesses, and retractable fittings such as stabilizers and thrust er bodies, should have an anti-fouling coating system of adequate thickness f or optimal effectiveness.MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 9

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc .3 Edges and weld joints – Exposed edges on the hull, such as around bilge keels and scoops, and weld joints, should be faired and coated to ensure adequate coating thickness to optimize system effec tiveness.

.4 Rudder hinges and stabilizer fin apertures – Recesses within rudder hinges and behind stabilizer fins need to be carefu lly and effectively cleaned and re-coated at maintenance dry-dockings. Rudders and stabilizer fins should be moved through their full range of motion during the coating process to ensure that all surfaces are cor rectly coated to the specification of the anti-fouling system. Rudders, rudder fittings and the hull areas around them should also be adequately co ated to withstand the increased wear rates experienced in these areas.

.5 Propeller and shaft – Propellers and immersed propeller shafts should be coated with fouling release coatings where possible and appropriate, to maintain efficiency and enable self-cleaning, so th at the need for regular in-water cleaning and polishing is minimized.

.6 Stern tube seal assemblies and the internal surface s of rope guards

– Exposed sections of stern tube seal assemblies and the internal surfaces of rope guards should be carefully painted with anti-f ouling coating systems appropriate to the degree of water movement over an d around these

surfaces.

.7 Cathodic protection (CP) anodes – Niche areas for biofouling can be minimized if: anodes are flush-fitted to the hull; a rubber backing pad is inserted between the anode and the hull; or the gap is caulked. Caulking the gap will make the seam or joint watertight. If not flush-fitted, the hull surface under the anode and the anode strap should be coated with an anti-fouling coating system suitable for low water flow to prevent biofouling accumulation. If anodes are attached by bolts rece ssed into the anode surface, the recess should be caulked to remove a p otential niche.

.8 Pitot tubes – Where retractable pitot tubes are fitted, the ho using should be internally coated with an anti-fouling coating s ystem suitable for static

conditions.

.9 Sea inlet pipes and overboard discharges – Anti-fouling coating systems should be applied inside the pipe opening and acces sible internal areas. The anti-corrosive or primer coating selected shoul d be appropriate to the specific pipe material if this material is differen t to the hull. Care should be taken in surface preparation and coating applicatio n to ensure good adhesion and coating thickness.

Procedures for ship maintenance and recycling facil ities

6.9 Ship maintenance and recycling facilities shoul d adopt measures (consistent with applicable national and local laws and regulations) to ensure that viable biofouling organisms or chemical and physical pollutants are not release d into the local aquatic environment. These measures include the following:

.1 capturing biological material to minimize the ri sk of organism survival and establishment and other impacts of biological mater ial being released into the aquatic environment;MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 10

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc .2 treating and/or disposing of captured biological material in an environmentally appropriate manner;

.3 scheduling of ships' arrival and departure at cl eaning and maintenance facilities and at locations where ships are moored while waiting for cleaning and maintenance to minimize the risk of fouled ship s contaminating other ships and the surrounding environment;

.4 removing biofouling from all underwater surfaces of a ship when in dry-dock, including niche areas; and

.5 lowering or extending retractable equipment such as stabilizers, thrusters, transducers and similar when a ship is in dry-dock or slipped, to permit access for the removal of biofouling from the equip ment and its housing.

7 IN-WATER INSPECTION, CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

7.1 Despite the use of effective anti-fouling syste ms and operational practices, undesirable amounts of biofouling may still accumul ate during the intended lifetime of the anti-fouling system. To maintain a ship as free of biofouling as practical, it may be advisable for the ship to undertake in-water inspection, clea ning and maintenance.

In-water inspection of ships

7.2 In-water inspection can be a useful and flexibl e means to inspect the condition of anti-fouling systems and the biofouling status of a ship. In-water inspections should be undertaken periodically as a general means of routi ne surveillance, augmented by specific inspections as necessary to address any situations of elevated risk. Specific occasions when an in-water inspection may be appropriate, inc lude the following:

.1 before and after any planned period of inactivit y or significant or unforeseen change to the ship's operating profile;

.2 prior to undertaking in-water cleaning to determ ine the presence of known or suspected invasive aquatic species or other species of concern on the ship;

.3 after a known or suspected marine pest or other species of concern is discovered in a ship's internal seawater cooling sy stems; and

.4 following damage to, or premature failure of, th e anti-fouling system.

7.3 It is recommended that ship operators identify niche areas on the ship that may accumulate biofouling to enable these areas to be e ffectively targeted during inspections. Areas may include the following:

- propeller thrusters and propulsion units;

- sea chests;

- rudder stock and hinge;

- stabilizer fin apertures;

- rope guards, stern tube seals and propeller shafts ;MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 11

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc - cathodic protection anodes;

- anchor chain and chain lockers;

- free flood spaces inherent to the ships' design;

- sea chest and thruster tunnel grates;

- echo sounders and velocity probes;

- overboard discharge outlets and sea inlets; and

- areas prone to anti-fouling coating system damage or grounding (e.g., areas of the hull damaged by fenders when alongside, leading edges of bilge keels and propeller shaft "y" frames).

7.4 Dive and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) survey s can be practical options for in-water inspections although they do have limitati ons regarding visibility and available dive time compared with the area to be inspected, and di fficulties with effectively accessing many biofouling prone niches. Such surveys should be un dertaken by persons who are suitably qualified and experienced and familiar with biofoul ing and associated invasive aquatic species risks and the safety risks relating to in-w ater surveys. Regulatory authorities may have recommended or accredited biofouling inspectio n divers.

In-water cleaning and maintenance

7.5 In-water cleaning can be an important part of b iofouling management. In-water cleaning can also introduce different degrees of en vironmental risk, depending on the nature of biofouling (i.e. microfouling versus macrofoulin g), the amount of anti-fouling coating system residue released and the biocidal content of the anti-fouling coating system. Relative to macrofouling, microfouling can be removed with g entler techniques that minimize degradation of the anti-fouling coating system and/ or biocide release. Microfouling removal may enhance a ship's hull efficiency, reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It is, therefore, recommended that the ship's hull is cleaned when practical by soft methods if significant microfouling occurs. I n-water cleaning can also reduce the risk of spreading invasive aquatic species by preventing ma crofouling accumulation.

7.6 It may be appropriate for States to conduct a r isk assessment to evaluate the risk of in-water cleaning activities and minimize potential threats to their environment, property and

resources. Risk assessment factors could include t he following:

.1 biological risk of the biofouling organisms bein g removed from the ship (including viability of the biofouling organisms or the ability to capture biofouling material);

.2 factors that may influence biofouling accumulati on, such as changes to the operating profile of the ship;

.3 geographical area that was the source of the bio fouling on the ship, if known; and

.4 toxic effects related to substances within the a nti-fouling coating system that could be released during the cleaning activity , and any subsequent damage to the anti-fouling coating system.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 12

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc 7.7 Personnel proposing to undertake in-water clean ing should be aware of any regulations or requirements for the conduct of in-w ater cleaning, including any regulations regarding the discharge of chemicals into the marin e environment and the location of sensitive areas (such as marine protected areas and ballast water exchange areas). Where significant macrofouling growth is detected, it sho uld be removed or treated (if this can be done without damaging the anti-fouling system) in a ccordance with such regulations. Where available, appropriate technology should be used to minimize the release of both anti-fouling coating or paint debris, and viable adult, juvenile , or reproductive stages of macrofouling organisms. The collected material should be dispos ed of in a manner which does not pose a risk to the aquatic environment.

7.8 For immersed areas coated with biocidal anti-fo uling coatings, cleaning techniques

should be used that minimize release of biocide int o the environment. Cleaning heavily fouled anti-fouling coating systems can not only ge nerate biofouling debris, but prematurely depletes the anti-fouling coating system and may cr eate a pulse of biocide that can harm the local environment and may impact on future applicat ions by the port authority for the disposal of dredge spoil. Depleted anti-fouling coating sys tems on hulls will rapidly re-foul. In-water cleaning or scrubbing of hulls for the purpose of d elaying dry-dockings beyond the specified service life of the coating is, therefore, not reco mmended.

7.9 Immersed areas coated with biocide-free anti-fo uling coating systems may require regular in-water cleaning as part of planned mainte nance to maintain hull efficiency and minimize the risk of transferring invasive aquatic species. Cleaning techniques should be used which do not damage the coating and impair its function.

7.10 Any maintenance or repair activities should ta ke care not to impede future in-service cleaning and/or maintenance, e.g., care should be t aken to ensure sea chest grates do not become welded shut during repair work.

7.11 Care should be taken to ensure that any MGPSs installed are operating effectively to prevent accumulation of biofouling.

7.12 Regular polishing of uncoated propellers to ma intain operational efficiency will also minimize macrofouling accumulation. Uncoated prope ller shafts may require cleaning at the same time as the propeller. As a ship's routine pr opeller polishing will involve the use of divers, it is recommended that this opportunity is taken to assess sea chests, and other similar areas, for macrofouling.

7.13 Internal seawater cooling systems need to be r egularly monitored to ensure effective biofouling control is maintained. Seawater cooling systems that operate while the ship is in port may be vulnerable to biofouling accumulation, and s hould be closely monitored. If seawater cooling systems become fouled, they should be appro priately treated. Any discharge of treated water from internal seawater cooling system s should be undertaken in accordance with applicable regulations.

8 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

8.1 Initial ship design and construction offers the most comprehensive, effective and durable means by which to minimize ship biofouling risks. In the design and construction of a ship, or when a ship is being significantly alter ed, the following should be taken into

consideration:MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 13

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc .1 Small niches and sheltered areas should be exclu ded from the ship as far as practical, e.g., flush mounting pipes in sea che sts. Where not practical, these should be designed so that they may be easily accessed for inspection, cleaning and application of anti-foulin g measures.

.2 Rounding and/or bevelling of corners, gratings a nd protrusions to promote more effective coverage of anti-fouling coating sys tems, and hinging of gratings to enable diver access.

.3 Providing the capacity to blank off the sea ches t and other areas, such as moon pools, floodable docks and other free flood sp aces, for treatment and/or cleaning.

8.2 Internal seawater cooling systems should be des igned and made of appropriate material to minimize biofouling and constructed wit h a minimum of bends, kinks and flanges in seawater piping.

8.3 To avoid creation of avoidable niches while ens uring effective safety and operation of the ship, where practical, particular attention should be given to avoidance of unfilled gaps in all skin fittings and the detailed design of the items as follows:

.1 sea chests – minimize size and number, and use s mooth surfaces to maximize flow efficiency, fit MGPS, and steam or ho t water cleaning systems, grills and their opening arrangements desi gned for in-water inspection and maintenance;

.2 retractable fittings and equipment – avoid exter nal reinforcement (such as stiffeners) where possible, design for in-water ins pection and maintenance;

.3 tunnel thrusters – tunnels to be above light wat er line or accessible to divers, grills and their opening arrangements desig ned for in-water inspection, maintenance and operation;

.4 sponsons and hull blisters – use fully enclosed in preference to free flooding types, with access provisions made for in- water inspection, cleaning and maintenance;

.5 stern tube seal assemblies and rope guards – des ign for in-water inspection, cleaning and maintenance; and

.6 immersible and seabed equipment – ensure facilit ies for equipment washdown during retrieval and enclosed washdown are as for cleaning of equipment on board, if necessary, are provided.

9 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION

9.1 States are encouraged to maintain and exchange information relevant to these Guidelines through the Organization. Accordingly, States are encouraged to provide the Organization with the information related to the ma nagement of biofouling as follows:

.1 copies of current regional, national and local l aws, regulations, standards, exemptions or guidelines;MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 14

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc .2 technical and research information, including an y studies on the impact and control of invasive aquatic species in ships' biofo uling, and on the efficacy and practicality of environmentally protective in-w ater cleaning technologies;

.3 education materials such as CD's, DVD's or print ed materials; and

.4 the location of and the terms of use for cleanin g and maintenance services and facilities for ships and equipment that comply with these Guidelines.

9.2 State authorities should provide ships with tim ely, clear and concise information on biofouling management measures and treatment requir ements that are being applied to shipping and ensure these are widely distributed. Shipowners and operators should endeavour to become familiar with all requirements related to biofouling by requesting such information from their port or shipping agents or c ompetent authorities (i.e. State authorities). State authorities should also provide ships with an y available information on particular invasive aquatic species that may be present in a p ort and could attach to a ship as biofouling (e.g., if a particular species of concer n is spawning) in a timely manner.

9.3 Organizations or shipping agents representing s hipowners and operators should be familiar with the requirements of State authorities with respect to biofouling management and treatment procedures, including information that wi ll be needed to obtain entry clearance. Verification and detailed information concerning St ate requirements should be obtained by the ship prior to arrival.

9.4 To monitor the effectiveness of these Guideline s, States, as part of the evaluation process could provide to the Organization details o f records describing reasons why ships could not apply these Guidelines, e.g., design, con struction or operation of a ship, particularly from the view point of ships' safety, or lack of in formation concerning the Guidelines.

10 TRAINING AND EDUCATION

10.1 Training for ships' masters and crews, in-wate r cleaning or maintenance facility operators and those surveying or inspecting ships a s appropriate should include instructions on the application of biofouling management and tre atment procedures, based upon the

information contained in these Guidelines. Instruc tion should also be provided on the following:

.1 maintenance of appropriate records and logs;

.2 impacts of invasive aquatic species from ships' biofouling;

.3 benefits to the ship of managing biofouling and the threats posed by not applying management procedures;

.4 biofouling management measures and associated sa fety procedures; and

.5 relevant health and safety issues.

10.2 States and industry organizations should ensur e that relevant marine training organizations are aware of these Guidelines and inc lude this in their syllabuses as appropriate.MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 15

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc 11 OTHER MEASURES

11.1 To the extent practical, States and port autho rities should aim to ensure smooth flow of ships going in and out of their ports to avoid k eeping ships waiting offshore so that anti-fouling systems can operate as effectively as possible.

11.2 States may apply other measures on ships withi n their jurisdiction for the purpose of providing additional protection for their marine en vironment, or in emergency situations. In managing emergency situations for biofouling, St ates should consider the guidance document for ballast water emergency situations (BW M.2/Circ.17).

11.3 States should take into account these Guidelin es when developing other measures and/or restrictions for managing ships' biofouling.

11.4 Where other measures are being applied, States should notify the Organization of the specific requirements, with supporting document ation, for dissemination to other States and non-governmental agencies where appropriate.

11.5 The application of other measures by States sh ould not place the safety of the ship

and crew at risk.

12 FUTURE WORK

Research needs

12.1 States and other interested parties should enc ourage and support research into, and development of technologies for:

.1 minimizing and/or managing both macrofouling and microfouling particularly in niche areas (e.g., new or different anti-fouling systems and different designs for niche areas to minimize biofouling);

.2 in-water cleaning that ensures effective managem ent of the anti-fouling system, biofouling and other contaminants, includin g effective capture of biological material;

.3 comprehensive methods for assessing the risks as sociated with in-water cleaning;

.4 shipboard monitoring and detection of biofouling ;

.5 reducing the macrofouling risk posed by the dry- docking support strips, (e.g., alternative keel block designs that leave le ss uncoated hull area);

.6 the geographic distribution of biofouling invasi ve aquatic species; and

.7 the rapid response to invasive aquatic species i ncursions, including diagnostic tools and eradication methods.

12.2 Potential operational benefits of such technol ogies should also be highlighted and relevant information provided to the Organization.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 16

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc Independent information needs

12.3 Summaries are needed of the different types of anti-fouling systems and other biofouling management measures currently available, how they work and their performance under different operating conditions and situations . This information could assist shipowners and operators when making decisions about the most appropriate coatings and coating systems for their ship type and activity.MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 17

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc APPENDIX 1

BIOFOULING MANAGEMENT PLAN AND RECORD BOOK

Format and content of Biofouling Management Plan

The following information should be considered when developing a Biofouling Management Plan (the Plan). It is important that the Plan be specific to each ship.

The Plan may be a stand-alone document or integrate d in part or full in the ships' operational and procedures manuals and/or planned maintenance s ystems.

INTRODUCTION

This section should contain a brief introduction fo r the ship's crew, explaining the need for biofouling management, and the importance of accura te record keeping.

The Plan should state that it is to be available fo r viewing on request by a port State authority and should be written in the working language of th e crew.

SHIP PARTICULARS

At least the following details should be included:

- Ship's name.

- Flag.

- Port of registry.

- Gross tonnage.

- Registration number (i.e. IMO number and/or other registration numbers, if applicable).

- Regulation Length.

- Beam.

- Ship type (as classified by Lloyds Register – see Table 1).

- International call sign and Maritime Mobile Servic e Identity (MMSI).MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 18

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc

Table 1: Ship types, as classified by Lloyd's Regi ster

anchor handling fire fighting tug/supply dredger lighthouse/tender roll on roll off

anchor handling tug drill platform Liquid Natural Gas Carrier salvage tug anchor handling tug/supply drill ship Liquid Petroleum Gas

Carrier seismographic

research

asphalt tanker ferry livestock semi-sub heavy lift

vessel

barge fire fighting tug meteorological research suction dredger

bulk carrier fire fighting tug/supply naval auxiliary tanker supply

bulk carrier with container capacity fish carrier naval vessel suppor t

bulk cement carrier fish factory oceanographic

research tank barge

bulk ore carrier fishery protection offshore safety tanker (unspecified)

bunkering tanker fishing (general) passenger (cruise) trailing suction hopper dredger

cable ship floating gas production passenger roll on roll

off training

chemical tanker floating production

tanker patrol ship trawler (all types)

combined bulk and

oil carrier floating storage tanker pipe layer tug

combined chemical

and oil tanker fully cellular containership pollution control vessel tug/supply

combined LNG and LPG Gas Carrier general cargo pontoon vehicle carri er

combined ore and oil

carrier general cargo with container capacity product tanker

whaler crane barge grab dredger pusher tug wood-chip carri er crane ship hopper barge reefer yacht crude oil tanker hopper dredger research

cutter suction dredger icebreaker research/supply ship

diving support landing craft roll on roll off with container capacity

INDEX

A table of contents should be included.

PURPOSE

The purpose of the Plan is to outline measures for the control and management of ships' biofouling in accordance with the Guidelines for th e control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aqu atic species (the Guidelines). It provides operational guidance for the planning and actions r equired for ships' biofouling management.MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 19

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc DESCRIPTION OF THE ANTI-FOULING SYSTEMS

The Plan should describe the anti-fouling systems i n place for different parts of the ship, including as follows:

- type(s) of anti-fouling coating systems applied;

- details of where anti-fouling systems are and are not applied or installed;

- manufacturer and product names of all coatings or products used in the anti-fouling coating systems; and

- anti-fouling system specifications (including dry film thickness for coatings, dosing and frequency for MGPSs, etc.) together with the expected effective life, operating conditions required for coatings to be ef fective, cleaning requirements and any other specifications relevant for paint per formance.

Previous reports on the performance of the ship's a nti-fouling systems should be included, if applicable, and the AFS certificate or statement of compliance or other documentation should also be referenced, as appropriate.

DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING PROFILE

The Plan should describe the ship's operating profi le that has determined the performance specifications of the ship's anti-fouling systems a nd operational practices, including:

- typical operating speeds;

- periods underway at sea compared with periods bert hed, anchored or moored;

- typical operating areas or trading routes; and

- planned duration between dry-dockings/slippings.

DESCRIPTION OF AREAS ON THE SHIP SUSCEPTIBLE TO BIO FOULING

The Plan should identify the hull areas, niche area s and seawater cooling systems on the ship that are particularly susceptible to biofoulin g and describe the management actions required for each area. It should also describe th e actions to be taken if the ship is operating outside of the desired operating profile, or if exc essive unexpected biofouling is observed, and any other actions that can be taken to minimize the accumulation of biofouling on the ship. Table 1 provides an example of an action pla n.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 20

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc Table 2: Biofouling management action plan

Areas of the ship which are particularly susceptible to biofouling Management actions required for each area (e.g., inspections, cleaning, repairs and maintenance) Management actions to be undertaken if ship operates outside its usual operating profile

External hull surfaces:

- Vertical sides

- Flats - Boottop

- Bow dome

- Transom Hull appendages and fittings:

- Bilge keels

- A-brackets

- Stabilizer fins

- CP anodes Steering and propulsion:

- Propeller - Propeller shaft

- Stern tube seal

- Anchor chain

- Chain locker - Rope guard

- Rudder

- Bow/Stern thrusters - Propeller - Thruster body

- Tunnel - Tunnel grates

Seawater intakes and internal seawater cooling systems:

- Engine cooling system - Sea chests (identify number and position) - Sea chest grate - Internal pipework and heat exchanger - Fire-fighting system - Ballast uptake system - Auxiliary services system

A diagram of the ship should be included in the Pla n to identify the location of those areas of the ship that are particularly susceptible to biofo uling (including access points in the internal seawater cooling systems). If necessary these shou ld show both side and bottom views of the ship.MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 21

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ANTI-FOULING SYSTE M

This section should contain a detailed description of the operation and maintenance of the anti-fouling system(s) used, including schedule(s) of activities and step-by-step operational procedures.

Timing of operational and maintenance activities

This section should stipulate the schedule of plann ed inspections, repairs, maintenance and renewal of the anti-fouling systems.

In-water cleaning and maintenance procedures

This section should set out planned maintenance pro cedures (other than for on board treatment processes) that need to be completed betw een dry-docking events to minimize biofouling. This should include routine cleaning o r other treatments. Details should be provided on the treatment/cleaning to be conducted, the specification of any equipment required, details of the areas to which each specif ic treatment/cleaning is to be applied, step-by-step operational procedures where relevant and any other details relevant to the processes (e.g., chemicals required for treatment, any discharge standards).

Operation of onboard treatment processes

This section should provide specific advice about M GPS fitted, internal seawater cooling systems covered by the system and any not covered, and the associated maintenance and inspection schedule and procedures. This would inc lude information such as when each MGPS is run, for how long and any cleaning/maintena nce requirements of the system once

use is finished. This section should also include advice for ship operators on procedures for biofouling management if the MGPS is temporarily ou t of operation.

SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR THE SHIP AND THE CREW

Details of specific operational or safety restricti ons, including those associated with the management system that affects the ship and/or the crew.

Details of specific safety procedures to be followe d during ship inspections.

DISPOSAL OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE

This section should contain procedures for the disp osal of biological waste generated by treatment or cleaning processes when the cleaning i s conducted by, or under the direct supervision of, the shipowner, master or crew.

RECORDING REQUIREMENTS

This section should contain details of the types of documentation to be kept to verify the operations and treatments to be recorded in the Bio fouling Record Book as outlined in appendix 2.

CREW TRAINING AND FAMILIARIZATION

This section should contain information on the prov ision of crew training and familiarization.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 22

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc APPENDIX 2

BIOFOULING MANAGEMENT PLAN AND RECORD BOOK

Biofouling Record Book Form

2011 Guidelines for the control and management of s hips ' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species

Period From: ............................ To: ..................

..........................

Name of Ship .....................................

...................................................

Registration number *

................................................. ...........................

Gross tonnage ....................................

..................................................

Flag .............................................

................................................... ......

* Registration number = IMO number and/or other regi stration numbers.

The ship is provided with a Biofouling Management P lan

Diagram of ship indicating underwater hull form (sh owing both side and bottom views of the ship, if necessary) and recognized biofouling niche s:

1 Introduction

The Guidelines recommend that a Biofouling Record B ook is maintained for each ship, in which should be recorded the details of all inspect ions and biofouling management measures undertaken on the ship.

2 Entries in the Biofouling Record Book

The following information should be recorded in the Biofouling Record Book:

2.1 After each dry-docking:

a. Date and location that the ship was dry-docked.

b. Date that ship was re-floated.

c. Any hull cleaning that was performed while dry-d ocked, including areas cleaned, method used for cleaning and the location of dry-dock support

blocks.

d. Any anti-fouling coating system, including patch repairs, that was applied while dry-docked. Detail the type of anti-fouling coating system, the area and locations it was applied to, the coating thickn ess achieved and any surface preparation work undertaken (e.g., complete removal of underlying anti-fouling coating system or application of new a nti-fouling coating system over the top of existing anti-fouling coating syste m).MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 23

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc e. Name, position and signature of the person in ch arge of the activity for the ship.

2.2 When the hull area, fittings, niches and voids below the waterline have been inspected by divers:

a. Date and location of ship when dive surveyed and reason for survey.

b. Area or side of the ship surveyed.

c. General observations with regard to biofouling ( i.e. extent of biofouling and predominant biofouling types, e.g., mussels, barnac les, tubeworms, algae and slime).

d. What action was taken, if any, to remove or othe rwise treat biofouling.

e. Any supporting evidence of the actions taken (e. g., report from the classification society or contractor, photographs a nd receipts).

f. Name, position, signature of the person in charg e of the activity.

2.3 When the hull area, fittings, niches and voids below the waterline have been cleaned by divers:

a. Date and location of ship when cleaning/treatmen t occurred.

b. Hull areas, fittings, niches and voids cleaned/t reated.

c. Methods of cleaning or treatment used.

d. General observations with regard to biofouling ( i.e. extent of biofouling and predominant biofouling types, e.g., mussels, barnac les, tubeworms, algae and slime).

e. Any supporting evidence of the actions taken (e. g., report from the classification society or contractor, photographs a nd receipts).

f. Records of permits required to undertake in-wate r cleaning if applicable.

g. Name, position and signature of the person in ch arge of the activity.

2.4 When the internal seawater cooling systems have been inspected and cleaned or

treated:

a. Date and location of ship when inspection and/or cleaning occurred.

b. General observations with regard to biofouling o f internal seawater cooling systems (i.e. extent of biofouling and predominant biofouling types, e.g., mussels, barnacles, tubeworms, algae, slime).

c. Any cleaning or treatment undertaken.

d. Methods of cleaning or treatment used.MEPC 62/24/Add.1

Annex 26, page 24

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc e. Any supporting evidence of the actions taken (e. g., report from the classification society or contractor, photographs a nd receipts).

f. Name, position and signature of the person in ch arge of the activity.

2.5 For ships with a MGPS fitted:

a. Records of operation and maintenance (such as re gularly monitoring the electrical and mechanical functions of the systems)

.

b. Any instances when the system was not operating in accordance with the biofouling management plan.

2.6 Periods of time when the ship was laid up/inact ive for an extended period of time:

a. Date and location where ship was laid up.

b. Date when ship returned to normal operations.

c. Maintenance action taken prior to and following the period laid up.

d. Precautions taken to prevent biofouling accumula tion (e.g., sea chests blanked off).

2.7 Periods of time when ship operating outside its normal operating profile:

a. Duration and dates when ship not operating in ac cordance with its normal operating profile.

b. Reason for departure from normal operating profi le (e.g., unexpected maintenance required).

2.8 Details of official inspection or review of shi p biofouling risk (for ships arriving internationally, if applicable):

a. Date and location of ship when inspection or rev iew occurred.

b. Port State authority conducting the inspection/r eview and details of procedures followed or protocol adhered to and insp ector/s involved.

c. Result of inspection/review.

d. Name, position, signature of the person in charg e of the activity for the ship.

2.9 Any additional observations and general remarks :

a. Since the ship was last cleaned, has the ship sp ent periods of time in locations that may significantly affect biofouling accumulation (e.g., fresh water, high latitude (Arctic and Antar ctic) or tropical ports).MEPC 62/24/Add.1 Annex 26, page 25

I:\MEPC\62\24-Add-1.doc Record of Biofouling Management Actions

SAMPLE BIOFOULING RECORD BOOK PAGE

Name of Ship: ....................................

...................................................

Registration number: .............................

...............................................

Date Item

(number) Record of management actions Signature of officers in charge

Signature of master .......................................

***