From:jerry.schoen@aksteel.com [mailto:jerry.schoen@aksteel.com]Sent:Tuesday, December 13, 2011 4:06 PMTo:Corkran, Jerry LCc:Andrew Delaski; Alex Hofmann; Aris Marantan; Art Rosenfeld; Robert Berman; Brenda Edwards; Brian Coffey; Hirsch, Bruce R; BobSmith; ChrisBolduc; Caitlin Johnson; Carlos Gaytan; Charlie Drexler; ChrisBrown; Simmons, Chuck; Clark Silcox; Charlie Stevens; Dan Cohen;Millure, Dave; DavidFlaten; Dan Mulkey; Daniel Young; Emily Marchetti; Eric Peterson;Gary Fernstrom; Greg Rosenquist; Greg Coulter; James Lass; Jennifer Tiedeman;Freeman, Jeremiah; Corkran, Jerry L; Jerry Hodge; Creevy, Jim; Jim Raba; Joanna Mauer; Caskey,John; John Cymbalsky; John Rossetti; Katie Coughlin;Ken Winder; Mahesh P. Sampat; Matthew Nardotti; Maxine Savitz;Michael Hyland; Michael Rivest; Meg Waltner; Pamela Costello; Ryan, Paul; Phil Harter;Phil Hopkinson; Puesh Kumar; Polinski, Raymond; Rob Greeson; Richard Parker; Rick Anderson; Bob Saint; Robert van Buskirk; Robin Roy; Scott Beck;Steve Nadel; Steve Rosenstock; Tim Ballo; Tom Eckman; TedJohnstone; Thomas Petrosino; Wes Patterson; Zhimei LuoSubject:Re: FW: Distribution Transformer loadingJerry.Thank you for a most interesting submission. In the analysis ofwatts loss versus load that you and Phil Hopkinson developed and sent out on 31 October2011 showed that above a 60% load factor, the lower conductor losses for silicon steel units resulted in lower total losses. Inmy earlier discussions withNavigant, I suggested they look at evaluating efficiency at two points, 50% and something higher like 80%.What PG&E is saying is that they are going to design their unitselections to -- essentially -- rely on overloading transformers during peak demand times. Isthat correct? If so, neglecting the issue of higher-load-factorefficiency should be reconsidered by the rulemaking team.Thanks. Very interesting.JerryJerry W. SchoenPrincipal EngineerProduct Development & Applications EngineeringAK Steel ResearchMiddletown, OH USA 45043-0001From:"Corkran, Jerry L" <Jerry.Corkran@CooperIndustries.com>To:"Dan Mulkey" <dhm3@pge.com>, "Phil Hopkinson" <phopkinson@hvolt.com>, "Aris Marantan" <amarantan@navigant.com>, "Katie Coughlin" <kcoughlin@lbl.gov>, "Richard Parker"<richardparkerdc@gmail.com>, "Brenda Edwards" <Brenda.Edwards@ee.doe.gov>, "Brian Coffey" <brian.coffey@navigant.com>, "Caitlin Johnson" <Caitlin.Johnson@navigant.com>, "Dan Cohen"<daniel.cohen@hq.doe.gov>, "Jennifer Tiedeman" <Jennifer.Tiedeman@hq.doe.gov>, "John Cymbalsky" <john.cymbalsky@ee.doe.gov>, "Chris Bolduc" <cabolduc@lbl.gov>, "Freeman, Jeremiah"<Jeremiah.Freeman@ee.doe.gov>, "Emily Marchetti" <Emily.Marchetti@ee.doe.gov>, "Zhimei Luo" <zhimei.luo@navigant.com>Cc:"Puesh Kumar" <pkumar@publicpower.org>, "Alex Hofmann" <ahofmann@publicpower.org>, "Andrew Delaski" <adelaski@standardsasap.org>, "Art Rosenfeld" <artrosenfeld@gmail.com>, "BobSaint" <robert.saint@nreca.coop>, "Bob Smith" <bsmith@federalpacific.com>, "Carlos Gaytan" <carlos.gaytan@ge.com>, "Caskey, John" <john.caskey@nema.org>, "Charlie Drexler" <charlied@uus.org>,"Charlie Stevens" <cstephens@neea.org>, "Chris Brown" <chris.brown@cogentpowerinc.com>, "Clark Silcox" <clark.silcox@nema.org>, "Creevy, Jim" <Jim.Creevy@nema.org>, "Daniel Young"<DYoung@energy-solution.com>, "David Flaten" <david.l.flaten@xcelenergy.com>, "Eric Peterson" <Eric.Petersen@aksteel.com>, "Gary Fernstrom" <gbf1@pge.com>, "Greg Coulter"<greg.coulter405@gmail.com>, "Greg Rosenquist" <GJRosenquist@lbl.gov>, "Hirsch, Bruce R" <bruce.r.hirsch@bge.com>, "James Lass" <James.Lass@cleco.com>, "Corkran, Jerry L"<Jerry.Corkran@CooperIndustries.com>, "Jerry Hodge" <jhodge@howard.com>, "Jerry Schoen" <jerry.schoen@aksteel.com>, "Jim Raba" <Jim.Raba@ee.doe.gov>, "Joanna Mauer"<jmauer@standardsasap.org>, "John Rossetti" <jrossetti@mlgw.org>, "Ken Winder" <kwinder@mleainc.com>, "Mahesh P. Sampat" <maheshsampat@bellsouth.net>, "Matthew Nardotti"<matthew.nardotti@navigant.com>, "Maxine Savitz" <maxinesavitz@aol.com>, "Meg Waltner" <mwaltner@nrdc.org>, "Michael Hyland" <mhyland@appanet.org>, "Michael Rivest"<mrivest@navigant.com>, "Millure, Dave" <dave.millure@metglas.com>, "Pam Costello" <pamela.costello@navigant.com>, "Phil Harter" <phil@pjharter.com>, "Polinski, Raymond"<Raymond.Polinski@atimetals.com>, "Rick Anderson" <rick.anderson@faypwc.com>, "Rob Greeson" <rgreeson@federalpacific.com>, "Robert Berman" <bermaneconomics@gmail.com>, "Robert vanBuskirk" <Robert.VanBuskirk@ee.doe.gov>, "Robin Roy" <rroy@nrdc.org>, "Ryan, Paul" <Paul.Ryan@hitmet.com>, "Scott Beck" <ScottB@lvmetals.com>, "Simmons, Chuck"<chuck.simmons@pgnmail.com>, "Steve Nadel" <snadel@aceee.org>, "Steve Rosenstock" <srosenstock@eei.org>, "Ted Johnstone" <ted.johnstone@cogentpowerinc.com>, "Thomas Petrosino"<tpetrosino@carolina.rr.com>, "Tim Ballo" <tballo@earthjustice.org>, "Tom Eckman" <Teckman@nwcouncil.org>, "Wes Patterson" <wes.patterson@us.abb.com>Date:12/13/2011 03:30 PMSubject:FW: Distribution Transformer loadingDanMulkeyandPhilHopkinson–theattachedloadingdataandtheexplanationofhowPG&Eloadstheirnewtransformersatatargeted70%ofthenameplateratingisveryfactualandthemostaccurateexplanationIhaveheardabouthowtheutilitiesloadtheirnewtransformers.Wehaveallheardtheterms“SmartGrid”.Thisappearstobeanexampleofasmartcustomerusingthelatesttechnologytoleadthewayonefficientuseofnewtransformers.Forthe30yeartimeframethatisbeingconsideredfortheDOEtransformerefficiencyrules,itseemslogicalthatmostutilitieswilladoptasimilarsmartprocessasisbeingusedbyPG&Etosizethetransformersandthataloadingtargetsimilartothe70%loadingtargetusedbyPG&Ewillbeadoptedbytheutilityindustry.Thisisexpectedtoresultinloadlevelsmuchhigherthanthe25%to40%loadsusedbytheDOEtocalculatethepaybacksforthevariouslosslevelsconsidered.Thekeyquestioniswhatloadingwillbeusedonnewtransformerstobeinstalledandnotwhatloadingexistsonsomeunitinstalledlongbeforethesmartmetersexisted.Dan–AreyouavailabletoansweremailsiftheDOEWGhasadditionalquestions?MembersoftheDOEWGwhoareutilityemployees:PleasecommentaboutthepracticethatPGEisusingtoloadtheirnewtransformers.Whatdoesyourcompanycurrentlydotosizetransformersandwhatwillyourcompanydointhefuturetoefficientlyloadthenewtransformersinstalledonyoursystems?MembersoftheDOEandNavigantwhoareinvolvedintheevaluationsofthetransformerdesigns:Pleasecomment‐WouldtheDOEandNavigantconsiderusingahigherloadfactorintheDOEpaybackcalculations?Basedonthe70%loadfactortargetedbyPG&Efor6millioncustomers,itseemsthattheDOEstudypaybackresultsarenotaccurateandthattheyshouldberevisedtosomeloadfactorthatreflectsthelatesttechnologythattheutilitieswillroutinelybeusingbasedonthefuture30yeartimeframebeingconsidered.Regards,JerryCorkranFrom:Mulkey, Dan [mailto:DHM3@pge.com]Sent:Tuesday, December 13, 2011 1:42 PMTo:Phil HopkinsonCc:Corkran, Jerry L; Meyers, Aaron; Trujillo, AntonioSubject:RE: Distribution Transformer loadingPhil:ItisgoodtohearfromyouagainasImissedattendingthelastIEEETransformersCommitteeMeetingsinBoston.YouhaveaskedaboutloadcyclesatPacificGas&Electricandinfactwehavepublicinformationthatisreadilyavailableonourwebsite.Thereareapproximately5.1millionmetersonthePG&Esystem.Theaveragedatafromtestmetersforeachrateclassfromresidentialtocommercialandindustrialisdisplayedonanhourlybasisforall8760hoursinayear.Multipleyearsofdataareavailableonthepublicwebsite.TheattachedEXCELspreadsheetisanextractofthedatafor2006.Therateclassesaredefinedinthesecondattachment.Thisdataisnotorganizedbytransformertypebutthereareanumberoffactorsthataresignificanttounderstandingthedisplays:1.Thesummarydatabyrateclassisshownattheverybottomofthespreadsheet.2.Asnapshotofthesummarydataisshownbelow:3.4.ThehourlyreadingsarethekWHrsconsumedwhichisalsotheaveragekWloadduringthathour.5.RateclassE1isthemostabundantclass.Iestimatethatitaccountsforapproximately80%ofthemeters.6.RateclassE7isalsoresidentialbutisTimeofUseservice,andprobablyaccountsfor~5%ofthemeters.Thisclassismostoftenadvantageousforhomeswherepeoplecanshifttheirenergyconsumptiontooff‐peaktimes.7.Thevariousotherrateclassesarealsodefinedinattachment2.8.Theyearlyloadfactorisequaltotheaverageloaddividedbythemaxload.9.ForPG&Etheaveragetransformerisloadedtoapproximately70%ofnameplate.Whilethepeakloadsarenormallywithinthecapabilityofthetransformer,thepeakloadswilloftenexceedthenameplateratingofthetransformer.10.Itisusuallythephysicallocationandgroupingofthecustomerservicepointsthatdeterminestheneededtransformer.11.FormosttransformerinstallationsthelimitingfactorisusuallythevoltageorflickerdropratherthanthekVAsizeofthetransformer.12.Agiventransformercanbeplacedintoserviceforawidevarietyofloads.Forinstance,thesame25kVAsingle‐phasepad‐mountcouldbeusedtosupplyeverythingfromasinglesignallight,toasingleisolatedresidentialcustomer,tofifteenorsoresidentialcustomersinasubdivisioninacoastalarea.13.Whiletheaveragedistributiontransformerserves5customers,therangeisfromonetoseveralhundred.14.PG&Eattemptstotakeadvantageofthefullcapabilityofourtransformerstoachievefavorableeconomicsforourratepayers.Ihopethatthisexplanationhelps.Bestregards,DanMulkeySrConsultingElectricalEngineerDHM3@PGE.COM415‐973‐4699office415‐264‐9260cell[attachment"ElectricRateSchedules.xls"deletedbyJerryWSchoen/AKSTEEL][attachment"2006LoadProfile.xls"deletedbyJerryWSchoen/AKSTEEL]Confidentiality NoticeThis message is intended exclusively for the individual orentity to which it is addressed and may contain privileged,proprietary, or otherwise private information.If you are not the named addressee, you are not authorizedto read, print, retain, copy or disseminate this message orany part of it. 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