United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Commodity Import Evaluation Document **(CIED) Recognition of**  **cape gooseberry production sites**  **that are free of**  **Mediterranean fruit fly within a low prevalence**  **area in Colombia Bogota Savannah and the**  **neighboring municipalities**  **above 2, 2**  **00 meters**  **in the Departments of Boyacá and Cundinamarca**

**. Country of**  **o rigin**  : Colombia **Date of r**  **equest** : October 4, 2 003 **Commodity:** Cape Gooseberry **Scientific name:** Physalis peruviana L.

**Intr oduction**  **:** A Pest Risk Assessment (PRA) for the importation of cape gooseberry fruit, Physalis peruviana , from Colombia into the United States was developed by the Anim al and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, 1997) in response to a request for market access from Colombia. The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfl y) ( Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) was identified as the onl y quarantine pest that would follow the pathway of f resh cape gooseberry

fruit. Cape gooseberries were subsequentl y allowed market access and may currentl y be shipped to all of the United States (including Hawaii and the territories) from Colombia with a cold treatment for Medfl y (APHIS treatment T107

- a) ( USDA, 2011)

. **Recognition of production sites free of Mediterranean fruit fly with in**  **a low prevalence area in the Bogota Savannah and the neighboring**  **municipalities above**  **2, 2**  **00 meters in the Departments of Boyacá and Cundinamarca**  **:** In 2003, the Colombian Agricultural Institute (I CA), the National Plant Protection Organization of Colombia (NPPO) requested APHI S to amend regulation 7 CFR 319.56 to allow shipment of cape gooseberries to the United States from production places recognized as free of Mediterr anean fruit fly (ICA, 2003). In the proposal, production sites free of Medfly would be identified only within areas of low Mediterranean fruit fl y prevalence in the Bogota Savannah and the neighboring areas above 2, 4 00 meters (Figure 1). IC A amended thi s request in 2011 to production sites above 2,200 meters (Figure 2) of Bo yacá and Cundinamarca

. Cape gooseberries would be shipped from these production sites recognized as free of Medfl y b y APHIS without the cold treatment for Medfly, which was the onl y quarantine pest listed in the PRA. This low pest prevalence area in the Bogota

- Savannah includes M unicipalities in the Departments Bo ya cá and Cundinamarca (Figure 1 , Figure 2 ). Specific farms in these municipalities have been recognized as free from the Mediterranean fruit fly by the ICA.ICA has been conducting fruit fly trapping and monitoring in these areas since 1993. During this period, only

one Medfl y was captured from a total of 65,422 traps survey ed. The general surveillance information that was submitted along with trapping data included maps, Colombian government regulations, recognition of the pest free and low pest areas by

the ICA and scientific articles. IC A maintains a database for the fruit fl y trapping program including trap t yp e, GPS coordinates, altitude, location site, exporting farm, and reports on flies caught. ICA has a detection reporting and a detection response plan for the fruit fly

trapping program. Exporting farms within 5 km of the detection will be immediately

excluded from the export program. An additional 50 Jackson traps will be placed in a 5 sq km area surrounding the detection site. I f a second detection is made within the detection areas within 30 day s of a previous capture, eradication using a bait spray agreed upon by

APHI S and ICA will be initiated in the detection area. Treatment will continue for two months. Three life cycles (based on degree

- day models) of negative surveillance after the detection will be required before farms are re

- admitted to the export program. IC A will take measures to ensure that only fruit from registered production farms/ areas are exported. Prior to harvest the registered growers will supply ICA with the estimated production volume per farm. Prior to harvest IC A inspectors will validate estimated production volumes by (1) monitoring production during the growing season (they

are alread y on each farm conducting fruit fly survey s) and (2) conducting pre
- harvest visits to each farm to ensure that the ICA calculated production matches estimated production. The I CA inspector issuing the Phy tosanitary Certificate at the airport will check the exported amount by each farm against their export production to ensure that no additional fruit has entered the s ys tem.

APH IS has reviewed and approved the survey proposal and general surveillance for low pest prevalence and the recognition of the specific farms as production sites free of Medfly . APHI S determined the survey protocols used in above survey s to be consistent wi th international standards, I SPM no. 22 (IPPC, 2005) and ISPM no. 29 (IPPC, 2007). APHI S has reviewed and approved the monitoring survey protocol that will help to ensure that the Mediterranean fruit fl y free status is maintained. The survey was conduct ed in accordance with the standards described in I SPM no. 4 (IPPC, 1996) and ISPM no. 26 (IPPC, 2006). In addition, appropriate measures will be implemented should Mediterranean fruit flies be detected b y the monitoring survey.
**Pest Interceptions:** Col ombia currentl y ships small quantities of cape gooseberries to the United States using the APHI S approved cold treatment. There are no records of any interceptions of an y pests on cape gooseberries from Colombia in the APHIS pest interception database (P est ID Database. 1984

- 2013 , accessed June 5 , 20 13 ). Colombia has shipped 172,330 kg of cape gooseberry to the United States using cold treatment with no pest interceptions from 2003 to 2009.
**Required mitigation measures:** The following measures must be i n place to ensure that fruit originates from the places of production free of Mediterranean fruit fly

. All cape gooseberry exporting farms (places of production) determined as free of Medfly will be registered with I CA. All places of production exporti ng under this program must be located within the area of low Mediterranean fruit fl y prevalence in the Bogota Savannah and the neighboring areas above 2, 2 00 meters

. ICA must monitor the s ystem for inspection, packing, wrapping, transportation and loading of the commodity

. Onl y commercially produced fruit may be exported.

 All places of production where cape gooseberries for export are grown must have fruit fly traps. There must be a minimum of four Jackson traps (baited with trimedlure) per exporting farm, with at least one Jackson trap (baited with trimedlure) per hectare and at least one trap in the fruit harvesting and packing area. Packing facilities in the program must be equipped with a minimum of two fruit fly traps of the McPhail or multilure ty pe using protein bait. Within urban areas in the low prevalence area, there will be two Jackson traps (baited with trimedlure) per sq. km. Along roads in the low prevalence areas, Jackson traps (baited with trimedlure) will be placed every 5 linear km. Airports and packing houses will be monitored with multilure or McPhail traps using protein bait. All multilure or McPhail traps will be serviced every 7 day s. All Jackson traps will be serviced every

14 days.

 If a Mediterranean fruit fly is detected in the low prevalence area, exporting farms within 5 km of the detection will be immediately excluded from the export program. An additional 50 Jackson traps will be placed in a 5 sq km area surrounding the detection site. I f a second detection is made w ithin the detection areas within 30 day s of a previous capture, eradication using a bait spray agreed upon by APHIS and IC A will be initiated in the detection area. Treatment will continue for two months. Three life cycles (based on degree

- day models) of negative surveillance after the detection will be required before farms are re

admitted to the export program.

 Fruits from the exporting farms must be packed in boxes that can be traced back to the individual farm. Fruits will be shipped to the airp ort for export in sealed and closed containers. All boxe s must be labeled with:

1. The name of the orchard, farm or grove of origin or the name of the registered grower 2. The name of the municipality and state in which it was produced 3. The ty

pe and amount of f

ruit it contains.

 ICA must inspect the cape gooseberries at a rate mutually agreed upon b y APHI S and I CA. A proportion of the fruit from each consignment to be exported must be cut to look for the presence of Medfly at the packing house or prior to expor t

. ICA must issue a Ph yt osanitary Certificate (PC) bearing an Additional Declaration (AD) which states that the fruits originate from a Mediterranean fruit fly free place of production within the low prevalence area of the BogotaSavannah and neighboring municipalities above 2,2 00 meters elevation in the Departments of Bo ya cá in Cundinamarca

.

**Summary of Mitigation Measures:**
**Mitigation Measure Evidence of removal of pests from the**  **pathway** All fruits will be produced by registered exporters from the desi gnated pest free production areas. ICA will monitor production by

volume to exclude non

registered production from export. Only commerciall y produced fruit may be exported. Registered exporters must follow the I CA monitored growing and exporting procedur es for cape gooseberries. Pest free areas have been effectively used in the past to allow fruits to enter United States e.g. tomatoes from certain countries in Central America are enterable from areas free of Medfly

. Fruit fl y trapping and monitoring program to maintain fruit fly

low prevalence. Fruit fl y trapping will ensure that the export areas remain free of Medfl y. Farms in areas with fruit fly detections must be removed from the program. Bait spray s must be applied and areas free of detections befo re readmission to the program. Removal of farms near any Medfly detection will prevent movement of infested fruit.

All boxes must be labeled that they have been produced in accordance with the ICA monitored production plan. All boxes in each consignment of cape gooseberries must be traceable to the production site in Colombia. Box labeling and trace back will allow removal of production sites which have phy tosanitary problems from the export program.

Each consignment of cape gooseberries must be accompan ied b y a phy tosanitary certificate of inspection issued by the IC A with an Additional Declaration (AD) which states that the fruits originate from a Mediterranean fruit fly

free place of production within the low prevalence area of the Bogota Savannah and neighboring municipalities above 2,2 00 meters elevation in the Departments of Bo ya cá and Cundinamarca. ICA will issue a ph yt osanitary certificate after determining that the fruits were produced in compliance with the workplan in pest free Mediterranean fruit fly production areas. The requirements of a phy tosanitary certificate from the NPPO of Colombia will document that the importation is a product of Colombia. A phy tosanitary certificate also provides phy tosanitary securit y b y requiring the NPPO to co nduct inspections for pests. ICA must inspect the fruit for pests, including cutting fruit to look for Medfl y, and certify

that the fruit are free of pests.**Conclusion:**

Based on the mitigations presented above, APHIS finds that the risk for the introduction of Medfl y from the cape gooseberry production area of Bogota

- Savannah and neighboring municipalities above 2,2 00 meters in the Departments of Bo ya cá and Cundinamarca , is negligible. Cape gooseberry is produced in an area of low prevalence for M editerranean fruit fly , which is constantly monitored by

trapping by

ICA. Only

one fly has been trapped in this area since 1993. The growers must be registered with and follow the provisions of the I CA monitored export program. Onl y growers in the Bogot a
- Savannah and in the Departments of Boyacá and Cundinamarca above 2,2 00 meters, which is monitored and found free of Mediterranean fruit flies will be admitted to the export program.

**References :** 
ICA. 2003. Instituto Colombiano Agropecario. Propos al for exporting Cape Gooseberry ( Physalis peruviana L.) from an area with a low prevalence of Mediterranean fruit fl y ( Ceratitis capitata Wied.) within the savannah around Bogota, Colombia, under s ys tems approach. 27 pp.

ICA. 2010. Instituto Colombiano Agropecario. Los resultados de vigilancia fitosanitaria de la Sabana de Bogota y la zona productora de uchuva del departamento de Bo ya ca para los anios 2009 y

2010. 79 pp.

IPPC. 1996. I SPM 4. Requirements for the establishment of p est free areas. FAO, Rome. 16pp.

IPPC. 2005. I SPM 22. Requirements for the establishment of areas of low pest prevalence. FAO, Rome, 10pp.

IPPC. 2006. I SPM 26. Establishment of p est f ree areas for f

ruit f lies (Tephritidae). FAO, Rome. 15pp.

IPPC. 2007. I SPM 29. Recognition of p est free areas and areas of low pest prevalence. FAO, Rome. 12pp.

Pest ID Database. 1984

- 20 13 . Pest ID Database. USDA, APHI S, Plant Protection and Quarantine. Riverdale, MD. Last accessed June 5 , 20 13

. USDA, 1997. Importation of Cape Gooseberry F ruit, Physalis peruviana , from Colombia into the United States. March 1997. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Biological Assessment and Taxonomic Support. Riverdale, MD. 12 pp.

USDA. 2011. FAVI R. Fruits and vegetables import requirements database. USDA

APHI S

- PPQ.https://epermits.aphis.usda.gov/manual/index.cfm?action=cirReportP&PERMI TTED_ID

=5774 accessed May

2011.

**Recommendations**

________________________________________________________________________ 

### ___ APPROVED

**_____ DISAPPROVED**

____Walter Gould

____________

__June 4 , 201 3

_______ **Signature (name) Date** Figure1Figure 2