I 

111TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 4113 

To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify the jurisdiction of the 

Federal courts, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

NOVEMBER 19, 2009 

Mr. SMITH of Texas (for himself and Mr. COBLE) introduced the following 

bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 

A BILL 

To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify the 

jurisdiction of the Federal courts, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act 

6 of 2009’’. 

7 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

8 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

TITLE I—JURISDICTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS 

Sec. 101. Treatment of resident aliens. 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
2 

•HR 4113 IH

Sec. 102. Citizenship of corporations and insurance companies with foreign contacts. 

Sec. 103. Indexing the amount in controversy. 

Sec. 104. Facilitating use of declarations to specify damages. 

Sec. 105. Removal and remand procedures. 

Sec. 106. Effective date. 

TITLE II—VENUE AND TRANSFER IMPROVEMENTS 

Sec. 201. Scope and definitions. 

Sec. 202. Venue generally. 

Sec. 203. Repeal of section 1392. 

Sec. 204. Change of venue. 

Sec. 205. Cure or waiver of defects. 

Sec. 206. Effective date. 

1 TITLE I—JURISDICTIONAL 

2 IMPROVEMENTS 

3 SEC. 101. TREATMENT OF RESIDENT ALIENS. 

4 Section 1332(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 

5 amended— 

6 (1) by striking the last sentence; and 

7 (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting after ‘‘foreign 

8 state’’ the following: ‘‘, except that the district 

9 courts shall not have original jurisdiction under this 

10 subsection of an action between citizens of a State 

11 and citizens or subjects of a foreign state who are 

12 lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the 

13 United States and are domiciled in the same State’’. 

14 SEC. 102. CITIZENSHIP OF CORPORATIONS AND INSUR15 ANCE COMPANIES WITH FOREIGN CONTACTS. 

16 Section 1332(c)(1) of title 28, United States Code, 

17 is amended— 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
3 

•HR 4113 IH

1 (1) by striking ‘‘any State’’ and inserting 

2 ‘‘every State and foreign state’’; 

3 (2) by striking ‘‘the State’’ and inserting ‘‘the 

4 State or foreign state’’; and 

5 (3) by striking all that follows ‘‘party-defend6 ant,’’ and inserting ‘‘such insurer shall be deemed a 

7 citizen of— 

8 ‘‘(A) every State and foreign state of which 

9 the insured is a citizen; 

10 ‘‘(B) every State and foreign state by 

11 which the insurer has been incorporated; and 

12 ‘‘(C) the State or foreign state where the 

13 insurer has its principal place of business; 

14 and’’. 

15 SEC. 103. INDEXING THE AMOUNT IN CONTROVERSY. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1332 of title 28, United 

17 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol18 lowing new subsection: 

19 ‘‘(f)(1) Effective on January 1, 2011, and January 

20 1 of each fifth year thereafter, the dollar amount then in 

21 effect as the minimum amount in controversy applicable 

22 under subsection (a) shall be adjusted by an amount, 

23 rounded to the nearest $5,000 (or, if midway between mul24 tiples of $5,000, to the next higher multiple of $5,000), 

25 which reflects the change in the Consumer Price Index for 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
4 

•HR 4113 IH

1 the month of September of the appropriate year, over the 

2 Consumer Price Index for the month of September of the 

3 fifth year preceding the appropriate year. 

4 ‘‘(2) The Director of the Administrative Office of the 

5 United States Courts shall determine the amount of each 

6 adjustment under paragraph (1) and, not later than No7 vember 15 of the appropriate year, shall submit for publi8 cation in the Federal Register the amount (and the per9 centage change in the Consumer Price Index that is the 

10 basis for the amount) and the new minimum amount in 

11 controversy to take effect on January 1 of the succeeding 

12 calendar year. 

13 ‘‘(3) As used in this subsection— 

14 ‘‘(A) the term ‘appropriate year’ means the cal15 endar year preceding the calendar year in which the 

16 adjustment under paragraph (1) is to take effect; 

17 and 

18 ‘‘(B) the term ‘Consumer Price Index’ means 

19 the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers 

20 published by the Department of Labor.’’. 

21 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1332(a) of 

22 title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘as 

23 adjusted under subsection (f),’’ after ‘‘$75,000,’’. 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
5 

•HR 4113 IH

1 SEC. 104. FACILITATING USE OF DECLARATIONS TO SPECI2 FY DAMAGES. 

3 (a) REMOVAL GENERALLY.—Section 1441(a) of title 

4 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 

5 the following new sentence: ‘‘If the plaintiff has filed a 

6 declaration in State court, as part of or in addition to the 

7 initial pleading, providing that the plaintiff will neither 

8 seek nor accept an award of damages or entry of other 

9 relief exceeding the amount specified in section 1332(a), 

10 the case may not be removed on the basis of the jurisdic11 tion under section 1332(a) as long as the plaintiff abides 

12 by the declaration and the declaration is binding under 

13 the laws and practice of the State. If the plaintiff has filed 

14 such a declaration in State court but thereafter fails to 

15 abide by that declaration, the defendant or defendants 

16 may file a notice of removal within 30 days after receiving, 

17 through service or otherwise, a copy of an amended plead18 ing, motion, order or other paper from which it may first 

19 be ascertained that the plaintiff seeks or is willing to ac20 cept an award of damages or other relief exceeding the 

21 amount specified in section 1332(a).’’. 

22 (b) PROCEDURE AFTER REMOVAL.—Section 1447 of 

23 title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 

24 end the following new subsection: 

25 ‘‘(f) Within 30 days after the filing of a notice of re26 moval of a civil action in which the district court’s removal 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
6 

•HR 4113 IH

1 jurisdiction rests solely on original jurisdiction under sec2 tion 1332(a), the plaintiff may file a declaration with the 

3 district court providing that the plaintiff will neither seek 

4 nor accept an award of damages or entry of other relief 

5 exceeding the amount specified in section 1332(a) of this 

6 title. Upon the filing of such a declaration, the district 

7 court shall remand the action to State court unless equi8 table circumstances warrant retaining the case.’’. 

9 SEC. 105. REMOVAL AND REMAND PROCEDURES. 

10 (a) ACTIONS REMOVABLE GENERALLY.—Section 

11 1441 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— 

12 (1) by amending subsection (c) to read as fol13 lows: 

14 ‘‘(c)(1) If a civil action includes— 

15 ‘‘(A) a claim arising under the Constitution, 

16 laws, or treaties of the United States (within the 

17 meaning of section 1331 of this title), and 

18 ‘‘(B) a claim not within the original or supple19 mental jurisdiction of the district court or a claim 

20 that has been made nonremovable by statute, 

21 the entire action may be removed if the action would be 

22 removable without the inclusion of the claim described in 

23 subparagraph (B). 

24 ‘‘(2) Upon removal of an action described in para25 graph (1), the district court shall sever from the action 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
7 

•HR 4113 IH

1 all claims described in paragraph (1)(B) and shall remand 

2 the severed claims to the State court from which the ac3 tion was removed. Only defendants against whom a claim 

4 described in paragraph (1)(A) has been asserted are re5 quired to join in or consent to the removal under para6 graph (1).’’; and 

7 (2) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘under this 

8 section’’ and inserting ‘‘under this title or other ap9 plicable law’’. 

10 (b) PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF CIVIL ACTIONS.— 

11 Section 1446 of title 28, United States Code, is amended 

12 as follows: 

13 (1) The section heading is amended to read as 

14 follows: 

15 ‘‘§ 1446. Procedure for removal of civil actions’’. 

16 (2) Subsection (a) is amended by striking ‘‘or 

17 criminal prosecution’’. 

18 (3) Subsection (b) is amended— 

19 (A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ after ‘‘(b)’’; 

20 (B) by designating the second paragraph 

21 as paragraph (3); 

22 (C) by inserting after paragraph (1) (as 

23 designated by subparagraph (A) of this para24 graph) the following: 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
8 

•HR 4113 IH

1 ‘‘(2) When a civil action is removed solely under sec2 tion 1441(a), all defendants who have been properly joined 

3 and served must join in or consent to the removal of the 

4 action. A defendant shall have 30 days after receipt by 

5 or service on that defendant of the initial pleading or sum6 mons described in paragraph (1) to file the notice of re7 moval. During the 30-day period before a defendant files 

8 a notice of removal, any other defendant served before the 

9 beginning of that 30-day period may consent to the re10 moval by the later-served defendant even though that ear11 lier-served defendant did not previously initiate or consent 

12 to removal.’’; 

13 (D) in paragraph (3) (as designated by 

14 subparagraph (B) of this paragraph), by strik15 ing ‘‘action.’’ and inserting ‘‘action, unless equi16 table considerations warrant removal. Such eq17 uitable considerations include whether the 

18 plaintiff has acted in bad faith, whether the de19 fendant has acted diligently in seeking to re20 move the action, and whether the case has pro21 gressed in State court to a point where removal 

22 would be disruptive.’’; and 

23 (E) by adding at the end the following: 

24 ‘‘(4) If removal of a civil action is sought on the basis 

25 of the jurisdiction conferred by section 1332(a), the sum 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
9 

•HR 4113 IH

1 demanded in good faith in the initial pleading shall be 

2 deemed to be the amount in controversy, except that— 

3 ‘‘(A) the notice of removal may assert the 

4 amount in controversy if the initial pleading seeks— 

5 ‘‘(i) nonmonetary relief; or 

6 ‘‘(ii) a money judgment, but the State 

7 practice either does not permit demand for a 

8 specific sum or permits recovery of damages in 

9 excess of the amount demanded; and 

10 ‘‘(B) removal of the action is proper on the 

11 basis of an amount in controversy asserted under 

12 subparagraph (A) if the district court finds, by the 

13 preponderance of the evidence, that the amount in 

14 controversy exceeds the amount specified in section 

15 1332(a). 

16 ‘‘(5)(A) In a case to which paragraph (3) applies that 

17 is not removable solely because the amount in controversy 

18 does not exceed the amount specified in section 1332(a), 

19 information relating to the amount in controversy in the 

20 record of the State proceeding, or in responses to dis21 covery, shall be treated as an ‘other paper’ under para22 graph (3). If the defendant first receives such a paper, 

23 through service or otherwise, within 1 year after the com24 mencement of the action but during the trial or within 

25 30 days before the date set for trial, removal may be had 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
10 

•HR 4113 IH

1 only upon a finding that the plaintiff deliberately failed 

2 to disclose the actual amount in controversy in order to 

3 prevent removal. 

4 ‘‘(B) If the notice of removal is filed more than 1 

5 year after commencement of the action and a finding is 

6 made that the plaintiff deliberately failed to disclose the 

7 actual amount in controversy to prevent removal, that 

8 finding shall be deemed an equitable consideration under 

9 paragraph (3) that warrants removal.’’. 

10 (4) Section 1446 is further amended— 

11 (A) by striking ‘‘thirty days’’ each place it 

12 appear and inserting ‘‘30 days’’; 

13 (B) by striking subsections (c) and (e); 

14 and 

15 (C) by redesignating subsections (d) and 

16 (f) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively. 

17 (c) PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF CRIMINAL AC18 TIONS.—Chapter 89 of title 28, United States Code, is 

19 amended by inserting after section 1446 the following new 

20 section: 

21 ‘‘§ 1446a. Procedure for removal of criminal prosecu22 tions 

23 ‘‘(a) NOTICE OF REMOVAL.—A defendant or defend24 ants desiring to remove any criminal prosecution from a 

25 State court shall file in the district court of the United 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
11 

•HR 4113 IH

1 States for the district and division within which such pros2 ecution is pending a notice of removal signed pursuant to 

3 Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and con4 taining a short and plain statement of the grounds for 

5 removal, together with a copy of all process, pleadings, and 

6 orders served upon such defendant or defendants in such 

7 action. 

8 ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—(1) A notice of removal of a 

9 criminal prosecution shall be filed not later than 30 days 

10 after the arraignment in the State court, or at any time 

11 before trial, whichever is earlier, except that for good 

12 cause shown the United States district court may enter 

13 an order granting the defendant or defendants leave to 

14 file the notice at a later time. 

15 ‘‘(2) A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution 

16 shall include all grounds for such removal. A failure to 

17 state grounds that exist at the time of the filing of the 

18 notice shall constitute a waiver of such grounds, and a 

19 second notice may be filed only on grounds not existing 

20 at the time of the original notice. For good cause shown, 

21 the United States district court may grant relief from the 

22 limitations of this paragraph. 

23 ‘‘(3) The filing of a notice of removal of a criminal 

24 prosecution shall not prevent the State court in which such 

25 prosecution is pending from proceeding further, except 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
12 

•HR 4113 IH

1 that a judgment of conviction shall not be entered unless 

2 the prosecution is first remanded. 

3 ‘‘(4) The United States district court in which such 

4 notice is filed shall examine the notice promptly. If it 

5 clearly appears on the face of the notice and any exhibits 

6 annexed thereto that removal should not be permitted, the 

7 court shall make an order for summary remand. 

8 ‘‘(5) If the United States district court does not order 

9 the summary remand of such prosecution, it shall order 

10 an evidentiary hearing to be held promptly and, after such 

11 hearing, shall make such disposition of the prosecution as 

12 justice shall require. If the United States district court 

13 determines that removal shall be permitted, it shall so no14 tify the State court in which prosecution is pending, which 

15 shall proceed no further. 

16 ‘‘(c) WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS.—If the defendant 

17 or defendants are in actual custody on process issued by 

18 the State court, the district court shall issue its writ of 

19 habeas corpus, and the marshal shall thereupon take such 

20 defendant or defendants into the marshal’s custody and 

21 delivery a copy of the writ to the clerk of such State 

22 court.’’. 

23 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—The table of sec24 tions for chapter 89 of title 28, United States Code, is 

25 amended— 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
13 

•HR 4113 IH

1 (1) in the item relating to section 1446, by in2 serting ‘‘of civil actions’’ after ‘‘removal’’; and 

3 (2) by inserting after the item relating to sec4 tion 1446 the following new item: 

‘‘1446a. Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions.’’. 

5 SEC. 106. EFFECTIVE DATE. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsections (b) and (c), 

7 the amendments made by this title shall take effect upon 

8 the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date 

9 of the enactment of this Act, and shall apply to any action 

10 or prosecution commenced on or after such effective date. 

11 (b) APPLICABILITY OF CHANGE IN JURISDICTIONAL

12 AMOUNT.—Any change in the amount in controversy 

13 under section 1332(a) of title 28, United States Code, that 

14 is made pursuant to the amendments made by section 103 

15 shall apply to any action commenced on or after the date 

16 such change becomes effective. 

17 (c) TREATMENT OF CASES REMOVED TO FEDERAL

18 COURT.—For purposes of subsections (a) and (b), an ac19 tion or prosecution commenced in State court and re20 moved to Federal court shall be deemed to commence on 

21 the date the action or prosecution was commenced in State 

22 court. 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
14 

•HR 4113 IH

1 TITLE II—VENUE AND 

2 TRANSFER IMPROVEMENTS 

3 SEC. 201. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 87 of title 28, United 

5 States Code, is amended by inserting before section 1391 

6 the following new section: 

7 ‘‘§ 1390. Scope 

8 ‘‘(a) VENUE DEFINED.—As used in this chapter, the 

9 term ‘venue’ refers to the geographic specification of the 

10 proper court or courts for the litigation of a civil action 

11 that is within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the district 

12 courts in general, and does not refer to any grant or re13 striction of subject-matter jurisdiction providing for a civil 

14 action to be adjudicated only by the district court for a 

15 particular district or districts. 

16 ‘‘(b) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN CASES.—Except as 

17 otherwise provided by law, this chapter shall not govern 

18 the venue of a civil action in which the district court exer19 cises the jurisdiction conferred by section 1333, except 

20 that such civil actions may be transferred between district 

21 courts as provided in this chapter. 

22 ‘‘(c) CLARIFICATION REGARDING CASES REMOVED

23 FROM STATE COURTS.—This chapter shall not determine 

24 the district court to which a civil action pending in a State 

25 court may be removed, but shall govern the transfer of 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
15 

•HR 4113 IH

1 an action so removed as between districts and divisions 

2 of the United States district courts.’’. 

3 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec4 tions at the beginning of chapter 87 of title 28, United 

5 States Code, is amended by inserting before the item relat6 ing to section 1391 the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 1390. Scope.’’. 

7 SEC. 202. VENUE GENERALLY. 

8 Section 1391 of title 28, United States Code, is 

9 amended as follows: 

10 (1) By striking subsections (a) through (d) and 

11 inserting the following: 

12 ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY OF SECTION.—Except as other13 wise provided by law— 

14 ‘‘(1) this section shall govern the venue of all 

15 civil actions brought in district courts of the United 

16 States; and 

17 ‘‘(2) the proper venue for a civil action shall be 

18 determined without regard to whether the action is 

19 local or transitory in nature. 

20 ‘‘(b) VENUE IN GENERAL.—A civil action may be 

21 brought in— 

22 ‘‘(1) a judicial district in which any defendant 

23 resides, if all defendants are residents of the State 

24 in which the district is located; 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
16 

•HR 4113 IH

1 ‘‘(2) a judicial district in which a substantial 

2 part of the events or omissions giving rise to the 

3 claim occurred, or a substantial part of property 

4 that is the subject of the action is situated; or 

5 ‘‘(3) if there is no district in which an action 

6 may otherwise be brought as provided in this sec7 tion, any judicial district in which any defendant is 

8 subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with re9 spect to such action. 

10 ‘‘(c) RESIDENCY.—For all venue purposes— 

11 ‘‘(1) a natural person, including an alien law12 fully admitted for permanent residence in the United 

13 States, shall be deemed to reside in the judicial dis14 trict in which that person is domiciled; 

15 ‘‘(2) a party with the capacity to sue and be 

16 sued in its common name under applicable law, 

17 whether or not incorporated, shall be deemed to re18 side, if a defendant, in any judicial district in which 

19 such defendant is subject to the court’s personal ju20 risdiction in the civil action in question and, if a 

21 plaintiff, only in the judicial district in which it 

22 maintains its principal place of business; and 

23 ‘‘(3) a defendant not resident in the United 

24 States may be sued in any judicial district, and the 

25 joinder of such a defendant shall be disregarded in 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
17 

•HR 4113 IH

1 determining where the action may be brought with 

2 respect to other defendants. 

3 ‘‘(d) DIVISIONS WITHIN DISTRICT.—Notwith4 standing any other provision of law, a civil action that may 

5 be brought in a judicial district may be brought in any 

6 division thereof, subject to the power of the district court 

7 to provide by local rule or court order for a civil action 

8 to be brought in a particular division and for the transfer 

9 of any civil action between divisions of the district.’’. 

10 (2) By redesignating subsections (e), (f), and 

11 (g) as subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively, and 

12 inserting after subsection (d) the following new sub13 section: 

14 ‘‘(e) For purposes of venue under this chapter, in a 

15 State which has more than one judicial district and in 

16 which a defendant that is a corporation is subject to per17 sonal jurisdiction at the time an action is commenced, 

18 such corporation shall be deemed to reside in any district 

19 in that State within which its contacts would be sufficient 

20 to subject it to personal jurisdiction if that district were 

21 a separate State, and, if there is no such district, the cor22 poration shall be deemed to reside in the district within 

23 which it has the most significant contacts.’’. 

24 (3) In subsection (f), as redesignated— 

25 (A) in the first paragraph— 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
18 

•HR 4113 IH

1 (i) by striking ‘‘(1)’’, ‘‘(2)’’, and ‘‘(3)’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘(A)’’, ‘‘(B)’’, and ‘‘(C)’’, re3 spectively; and 

4 (ii) by striking ‘‘(f) A civil action’’ 

5 and inserting the following: 

6 ‘‘(f) ACTIONS WHERE DEFENDANT IS OFFICER OR

7 EMPLOYEE OF THE UNITED STATES.— 

8 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A civil action’’; and 

9 (B) in the second undesignated paragraph 

10 by striking ‘‘The summons and complaint’’ and 

11 inserting the following: 

12 ‘‘(2) SERVICE.—The summons and complaint’’. 

13 (4) In subsection (g), as redesignated, by strik14 ing ‘‘(g) A civil action’’ and inserting ‘‘(g) CIVIL AC15 TIONS AGAINST A FOREIGN STATE.—A civil action’’. 

16 (5) In subsection (h), as redesignated, by strik17 ing ‘‘(h) A civil action’’ and inserting ‘‘(h) 

18 MULTIPARTY, MULTIFORUM, LITIGATION.—A civil 

19 action’’. 

20 SEC. 203. REPEAL OF SECTION 1392. 

21 Section 1392 of title 28, United States Code, and the 

22 item relating to that section in the table of sections at 

23 the beginning of chapter 87 of such title, are repealed. 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
19 

•HR 4113 IH

1 SEC. 204. CHANGE OF VENUE. 

2 Section 1404 of title 28, United States Code, is 

3 amended— 

4 (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘or division 

5 where it might have been brought’’; 

6 (2) in subsection (b), by striking the first sen7 tence and inserting the following: ‘‘Any civil action 

8 may, in the discretion of the district court, be trans9 ferred anywhere within the district for trial or for 

10 any other phase of the litigation.’’; 

11 (3) by striking subsection (c); and 

12 (4) in subsection (d)— 

13 (A) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub14 section (c); and 

15 (B) by striking ‘‘As used in this section’’ 

16 and inserting ‘‘Transfers from a district court 

17 of the United States to the District Court of 

18 Guam, the District Court for the Northern 

19 Mariana Islands, or the District Court of the 

20 Virgin Islands shall not be permitted under this 

21 section. As otherwise used in this section,’’. 

22 SEC. 205. CURE OR WAIVER OF DEFECTS. 

23 Section 1406(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 

24 amended— 

25 (1) by striking ‘‘division or’’; and 

26 (2) by striking ‘‘or division’’. 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS
20 

•HR 4113 IH

1 SEC. 206. EFFECTIVE DATE. 

2 The amendments made by this title— 

3 (1) shall take effect upon the expiration of the 

4 30-day period beginning on the date of the enact5 ment of this Act; and 

6 (2) shall apply to— 

7 (A) any action that is commenced in a 

8 United States district court on or after such ef9 fective date; and 

10 (B) any action that is removed from a 

11 State court to a United States district court 

12 and that had been commenced, within the 

13 meaning of State law, on or after such effective 

14 date. 

Æ 


wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with BILLS