STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
 

FILED In re: K.S.-1 & K.S.-2 

November 23, 2015 

RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK No. 15-0572 (Jefferson County 14-JA-5 & 14-JA-62) SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

OF WEST VIRGINIA 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner Mother J.M, by counsel Anne B. Prentice, appeals the Circuit Court of 

Jefferson County’s May 20, 2015, order terminating her parental rights to three-year-old K.S.-1 

and eleven-month-old K.S.-2.1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources 

(“DHHR”), by counsel Michael L. Jackson, filed its response in support of the circuit court’s 

order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), Ruth A. McQuade, filed a response on behalf of the 

children also in support of the circuit court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit 

court erred in terminating her parental rights to the children.2 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these 

reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

1

Because the children share the same initials, we have distinguished them using numbers 

1 and 2. The Jefferson County case numbers also serve to distinguish them. 

2

We note that West Virginia Code §§ 49-1-1 through 49-11-10 were repealed and 

recodified during the 2015 Regular Session of the West Virginia Legislature. The new 

enactment, West Virginia Code §§ 49-1-101 through 49-7-304, has minor stylistic changes and 

became effective ninety days after the February 19, 2015, approval date. In this memorandum 

decision, we apply the statutes as they existed during the pendency of the proceedings below. 

We further note that petitioner initially lists four assignments of error in her brief to this 

Court related to the circuit court’s termination of her parental rights: (1) the DHHR failed to 

provide sufficient services to petitioner or to identify her needs in a timely manner; (2) the 

DHHR failed to file a timely family case plan; (3) the evidence did not support a finding that 

there was no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of abuse or neglect could be substantially 

corrected in the near future; and (4) the circuit court failed to make findings that reunification 

was not in the children’s best interests and that the DHHR made reasonable efforts to preserve 

the family unit. However, petitioner provides a single discussion of all four issues in the body of 

that brief. To better address those issues, we reorganize petitioner’s assignments of error into two 

categories: (1) the DHHR’s alleged failures, and (2) the circuit court’s allegedly erroneous or 

omitted findings. 

1


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In February of 2014, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition as to K.S.-1 alleging 

that petitioner and the children’s biological father had a history of domestic violence, which 

included a violent incident on February 11, 2014, that required police intervention.3 The DHHR 

further alleged that petitioner had twice been taken to “safe” houses to escape the violent 

relationship only to leave and return to the children’s father. The DHHR filed two subsequent 

amendments to its abuse and neglect petition citing two subsequent episodes of domestic 

violence between petitioner and the children’s father. 

In April and May of 2014, the circuit court held two adjudicatory hearings in this matter. 

On May 8, 2014, petitioner stipulated to exposing K.S.-1 to domestic violence, as alleged in the 

petition, and, based on that stipulation, the circuit court adjudicated her as an abusing parent. 

In June of 2014, petitioner signed a statement of the terms and conditions of her postadjudicatory improvement period and acknowledged her understanding thereof. Those terms and 

conditions included ceasing all contact with the children’s father and remaining drug and alcohol 

free. At a subsequent review hearing, petitioner was reportedly making progress, but only 

slowly. 

Thereafter, between December of 2014 and February of 2015, the DHHR filed a family 

case plan in preparation for a dispositional hearing set for January of 2015.4 The DHHR also 

filed an amended petition in that time period due to the birth of K.S.-2. In approximately 

February of 2015, the circuit court granted petitioner a dispositional improvement period. In 

addition to the previous requirements of her initial improvement period, petitioner was required 

to undergo a psychological evaluation. 

In April of 2015, the DHHR moved to revoke petitioner’s dispositional improvement 

period due to an incident of domestic violence in March of 2015 between her and the children’s 

father. The circuit court granted the DHHR’s motion and set the matter for disposition. The 

DHHR subsequently filed another family case plan in preparation for the final dispositional 

hearing. 

At the final dispositional hearing in late April of 2015, law enforcement officers testified 

to the history of domestic violence between petitioner and the children’s father, including the 

episode in March of 2015. According to Officer Ronald Kerns of the Charles Town Police 

Department, he responded to a call in March of 2015 about a domestic disturbance later 

determined to be a domestic incident involving petitioner and the children’s father. While on 

route to respond, he was advised that those involved in the incident had left the scene, and he 

was given a description of a vehicle. Based on that description, Officer Kerns made a traffic stop 

and located petitioner intoxicated in the vehicle with a friend driving. Petitioner testified that 

after ten months on an improvement period she continued to have contact with the children’s 

father. She further admitted that she relapsed into an abuse of alcohol, failed outpatient substance 

3

K.S.-2 was not yet born in February of 2014. 

4

The appendix record presented to this Court does not provide the exact dates of these 

events. 

2


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

abuse therapy, refused to attend inpatient therapy, and had not arranged her psychological 

evaluation. Importantly, petitioner told the circuit court that she knew that her continued contact 

with the children’s father was a violation of her improvement period, and she categorized that 

term of her improvement period as “the most important one[.]” By order entered on May 20, 

2015, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights to these children. This appeal 

followed. 

The Court has previously established the following standard of review: 

“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de 

novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the 

facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the 

evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether 

such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a 

reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, 

although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire 

evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been 

committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply 

because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if 

the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record 

viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 

470 S.E.2d 177 (1996). 

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). 

On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental rights 

because the DHHR failed to file a timely family case plan, failed to provide proper services, and 

failed to identify her needs in a timely manner. With regard to family case plans, this Court has 

stated that 

“[t]he purpose of the family case plan as set out in W.Va. Code [§] 49-6D3(a) (1984), is to clearly set forth an organized, realistic method of identifying 

family problems and the logical steps to be used in resolving or lessening these 

problems.” Syl. Pt. 5, State ex rel. Dep’t of Human Services v. Cheryl M., 177 W. 

Va. 688, 356 S.E.2d 181 (1987). 

Syl. Pt. 2, In re Desarae M., 214 W.Va. 657, 591 S.E.2d 215 (2003). We have also stated that 

“[w]here it appears from the record that the process established by the 

Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings and related statutes 

for the disposition of cases involving children [alleged] to be abused or neglected 

has been substantially disregarded or frustrated, the resulting order . . . will be 

vacated and the case remanded for compliance with that process and entry of an 

appropriate . . . order.” Syllabus point 5, in part, In re Edward B., 210 W.Va. 621, 

558 S.E.2d 620 (2001). 

3


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syl. Pt. 3, In re Emily G., 224 W.Va. 390, 686 S.E.2d 41 (2009). 

While petitioner is correct that West Virginia Code §§ 49-6D-2(b) and 3(a) require that a 

family case plan be filed within thirty days of an improvement period’s inception, the Court does 

not find reversible error on that issue under the specific limited circumstances of this case. The 

record on appeal in this case is clear that petitioner signed a written statement of terms and 

conditions for her initial improvement period at the time of its inception in June of 2014 and that 

the DHHR filed a family case plan in December of 2014 at the inception of her second 

improvement period and another family case plan in April of 2015 prior to disposition. 

Moreover, petitioner testified in April of 2015 that she understood that continued contact with 

the children’s father was a violation of the “most important” term of her improvement periods. 

Petitioner now claims that the failure to file a family case plan in June of 2014 was reversible 

error and that the circuit court should have rejected the subsequent family case plans under the 

Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings. Due to petitioner’s signed 

statement in June of 2014, the subsequent family case plans filed, and petitioner’s testimony in 

April of 2015, we cannot find that the child abuse and neglect Rules or statutory framework have 

been substantially disregarded or frustrated such that reversal is required. Therefore, for the 

foregoing reasons, we find no reversible error in this regard. 

As to petitioner’s assertion that the DHHR failed to provide her with proper services and 

failed to identify and address her needs in a timely manner, she points to no specific service or 

need at issue. The record clearly demonstrates, and petitioner does not dispute, that she received 

two improvement periods over the course of approximately nine months. As acknowledged in 

her testimony at the final dispositional hearing, petitioner’s failures during the course of those 

improvement periods were not the result of the DHHR’s actions, or lack thereof, but were the 

result of her continued contact with an abusive individual resulting in several episodes of 

domestic violence during these proceedings and her relapse into alcohol abuse. The record before 

us does not support petitioner’s contention that her termination of parental rights should be 

reversed due to alleged failures by the DHHR. 

Petitioner next alleges that the circuit court erroneously terminated her parental rights by 

failing to make proper findings of fact based on the evidence presented. Petitioner claims that the 

record does not support a finding by clear and convincing evidence that there was no reasonable 

likelihood that she could substantially correct conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future. 

In its final order, the circuit court found that due to her lack of candor throughout the 

proceedings and to her continued issues with domestic violence, “the problem has not resolved 

and likely will not be resolved in the foreseeable future[.]” Following a thorough review of this 

contention, we find no error in the circuit court’s finding. The initial petition was filed in 

February of 2014 based on allegations of domestic violence, and petitioner stipulated to such 

conduct constituting abuse and neglect. Thereafter, during the course of the underlying 

proceedings, petitioner continued to contact the children’s father despite her knowledge that to 

do so placed her future with her children in peril, and, on several occasions, she engaged in 

episodes of domestic violence with him. The last such episode occurred in March of 2015 when 

petitioner was intoxicated and picked up by police. Given petitioner’s conduct in the many 

months of these proceedings, the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in finding that there 

4


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

was no reasonable likelihood that she could substantially correct conditions of abuse and neglect 

in the near future. 

Petitioner further claims that the circuit court failed to make proper findings of fact 

regarding “why reunification is not in the best interest of the children, and whether or not the 

department made reasonable efforts to preserve the family.” However, we note that petitioner 

presents these contentions on appeal in three sentences without any citation to legal authority or 

the record on appeal in support thereof. See W.Va. R. App. P. 10(c)(7) (requiring that briefs 

contain an argument exhibiting clearly the points of fact and law presented and “contain 

appropriate and specific citations to the record on appeal, including citations that pinpoint when 

and how the issues in the assignments of error were presented to the lower tribunal.”); State v. 

Larry A.H., 230 W.Va. 709, 716, 742 S.E.2d 125, 132 (2013) (stating that “[a]n appellant must 

carry the burden of showing error in the judgment of which he complains. . . . Error will not be 

presumed, all presumptions being in favor of the correctness of the judgment.”); State v. LaRock, 

196 W.Va. 294, 302, 470 S.E.2d 613, 621 (1996) (stating that “[a]lthough we liberally construe 

briefs in determining issues presented for review, issues which are not raised, and those 

mentioned only in passing but [which] are not supported with pertinent authority, are not 

considered on appeal.”); State Dep’t of Health & Human Res., Child Advocate Office v. Robert 

Morris N., 195 W.Va. 759, 765, 466 S.E.2d 827, 833 (1995) (stating that “a skeletal ‘argument,’ 

really nothing more than an assertion, does not preserve a claim” (internal quotations and 

citations omitted)). As such, we decline to address the circuit court’s findings on these issues. 

For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the circuit court’s May 20, 2015, order, and 

we hereby affirm the same. 

Affirmed. 

ISSUED: November 23, 2015 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Robin Jean Davis 

Justice Brent D. Benjamin 

Justice Menis E. Ketchum 

Justice Allen H. Loughry II 

5