FINAL

Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center

Roswell, New Mexico

Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic 

Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

August 2020

Prepared for:

Army National Guard Bureau

111 S. George Mason Drive

Arlington, VA 22204

UNCLASSIFIED
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

i

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................1

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................4

Authority and Purpose ..............................................................................................4

Preliminary Assessment Methods .............................................................................4

Report Organization ..................................................................................................5

Facility Location and Description...............................................................................5

Facility Environmental Setting ...................................................................................5

1.5.1 Geology .........................................................................................................6

1.5.2 Hydrogeology .................................................................................................6

1.5.3 Hydrology .......................................................................................................7

1.5.4 Climate ...........................................................................................................7

1.5.5 Current and Future Land Use .........................................................................7

2. Fire Training Areas ...........................................................................................................11

3. Non-Fire Training Areas ...................................................................................................12

FMS Truck Bay .......................................................................................................12

4. Emergency Response Areas ............................................................................................14

5. Adjacent Sources .............................................................................................................15

Roswell International Air Center ..............................................................................15

6. Preliminary Conceptual Site Model ..................................................................................17

FMS Truck Bay .......................................................................................................17

7. Conclusions .....................................................................................................................20

Findings ..................................................................................................................20

Uncertainties ...........................................................................................................20

Potential Future Actions ..........................................................................................21

8. References ......................................................................................................................23
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

ii

Figures

Figure ES-1 Summary of Findings

Figure ES-2 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model, Roswell, New Mexico

Figure 1-1 Facility Location

Figure 1-2 Groundwater Features

Figure 1-3 Surface Water Features

Figure 3-1 Non-Fire Training Areas

Figure 5-1 Adjacent Sources

Figure 6-1 Areas of Interest

Figure 6-2 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model, Roswell, New Mexico

Figure 7-1 Summary of Findings

Tables

Table ES-1 AOIs at Roswell RC

Table 7-1 AOIs at Roswell RC

Table 7-2 Summary of Uncertainties

Table 7-3 PA Findings Summary

Appendices

Appendix A Data Resources

Appendix B Preliminary Assessment Documentation

B.1 Interview Records

B.2 Visual Site Inspection Checklists

B.3 Conceptual Site Model Information

Appendix C Photographic Log
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

°F degrees Fahrenheit

AECOM AECOM Technical Services, Inc.

AFFF aqueous film forming foam

AOI Area of Interest

ARNG Army National Guard

ASN Aviation Safety Network

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability

Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CSM conceptual site model

DRMO Defense Reutilization Marketing Office

EDRTM Environmental Data Resources, Inc.TM

FMS Field Maintenance Shop

FTA fire training area

HA Health Advisory

msl mean sea level

NMARNG New Mexico Army National Guard

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NWR National Wildlife Refuge

PA Preliminary Assessment

PFAS per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances

PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

RC Readiness Center

SI Site Inspection

UCMR3 Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3

US United States

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Services

USGS United States Geological Survey
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

1

Executive Summary

The Army National Guard (ARNG) is performing Preliminary Assessments (PAs) and Site

Inspections (SIs) for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

Impacted Sites at ARNG Facilities Nationwide. A PA for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

(PFAS)-containing materials was completed for the Roswell Readiness Center (RC; also referred 

to as the “facility”) in Roswell, New Mexico, to identify areas of known or suspected releases

known as Areas of Interest (AOIs) and possible exposure pathways to receptors. The following

tasks were performed as part of this PA :

· Reviewed available administrative record documents and Environmental Data Resources,

Inc. (EDR)TM report packages to obtain information relevant to potential PFAS releases, such

as: drinking water well locations, historical aerial photographs, Sanborn maps, and

environmental compliance actions in the area surrounding the facility; 

· Conducted a 1-day PA site visit on 02 October 2019 and completed visual site inspections at

locations where PFAS-containing materials were suspected of being stored, used, or

disposed;

· Interviewed current New Mexico ARNG (NMARNG) personnel during the site visit and

NMARNG environmental managers and operations staff;

· Identified AOIs and developed a preliminary conceptual site model (CSM) to summarize

potential source-pathway-receptor linkages of potential PFAS in soil, groundwater, surface

water, and sediment for each AOI.

One AOI related to a potential PFAS release was identified at Roswell RC during the PA. The

AOI is shown on Figure ES-1 and described in Table ES-1 below:

Table ES-1: AOIs at Roswell RC

Area of Interest Name Used by Potential Release Date

AOI 1 FMS Truck Bay NMARNG Through 2016

One adjacent off-facility potential PFAS release area was identified that includes emergency

response areas from two separate incidents in 2011 and 2019. As a result of possible adjacent

PFAS releases, it is possible PFAS are in site media surrounding the RC.

Based on possible PFAS releases at the AOI, there is potential for exposure to PFAS

contamination in media at or near the facility. The preliminary CSM for Roswell RC, which

presents the potential receptors and media impacted, is shown on Figure ES-2. Based on the

United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Unregulated Contaminant

Monitoring Rule 3 (UCMR3) data, it was indicated that no PFAS were detected in a public water

system above the USEPA lifetime Health Advisory (HA) within 20 miles of the facility. The HA is

70 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFOS, individually or combined. PFAS analyses performed in

2016 had method detection limits that were higher than currently achievable. Thus, it is possible

that low concentrations of PFAS were not detected during the UCMR3 but might be detected if

analyzed today.
FMS Truck Bay

Roswell International

Air Center

FMS Facility

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1:3,600

5/12/2020 ­ Figure ES-1

PM RG 5/12/2020

Summary of Findings

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 150 300 600

Feet

Legend

No Suspected PFAS

Release

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

2
Media

SOURCE PATHWAY RECEPTOR

AOI 1 Potential Use or

Spill

PFAS in

Surface Soil

Human

Activities

Precipitation/

Run-Off

Leaching/

Infiltration

Airborne Soil

Particulate

Surface Soil

at AOI

Surface

Water/

Sediment

Subsurface

Soil

Shallow

Groundwater

Source Release

Mechanism Media Transportand Migration Media ExposureRoutes

Inhalation of

Dust

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Human Receptors:

Current/ Future

Flow-Chart Continues

Partial / Possible Flow

Flow-Chart Stops

Incomplete Pathway

Potentially Complete Pathway

Complete Pathway

Site

Worker

Construction

Worker Resident Trespasser

Site

Worker

Construction

Worker Resident Trespasser

/

/ /

LEGEND

/ / / /

/ / / /

/ / /

Figure ES-2

Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

Roswell, New Mexico

Potential

Off-Facility

Source Not

under

Control of

ARNG

Notes:

1. The residential receptor refers to an off-facility

receptor.

2. Human consumption of agricultural products

potentially affected by PFAS is possible

/

/ / /

/

/

3
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

4

1. Introduction

Authority and Purpose

The Army National Guard (ARNG) G9 is the lead agency in performing Preliminary Assessments 

(PAs) and Site Inspections (SIs) for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic 

acid (PFOA) at Impacted Sites at ARNG Facilities Nationwide. This work is supported by the 

United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Baltimore District and their contractor 

AECOM Technical Services, Inc. (AECOM) under Contract Number W912DR-12-D-0014, Task 

Order W912DR17F0192, issued 11 August 2017.

The ARNG is assessing suspected impacted facilities that used per- and poly-fluoroalkyl 

substances (PFAS). PFAS is most commonly used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) 

discharged as part of firefighting activities, fire training, and equipment testing or maintenance. 

Other sources of PFAS include, for example, metal plating and uniform weatherproofing. This PA 

also evaluates suspected PFAS sources with a 1-mile radius of the facility that are not under the 

control of ARNG.

PFAS are classified as emerging environmental contaminants that are garnering increasing 

regulatory interest due to their potential risks to human health and the environment. The US 

Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued Drinking Water Lifetime Health Advisories 

(HAs) for PFOA and PFOS in May 2016, but there are currently no promulgated national 

standards regulating PFAS. The HA is 70 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFOS, individually or 

combined.

This document presents the findings of a PA for PFAS-containing materials at the Roswell 

Readiness Center (Roswell RC; also referred to as the “facility”), Roswell, New Mexico, in 

accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 

(CERCLA), as amended, the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan 

(40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Part 300), and Army requirements and guidance. 

This PA documents the known fire training areas (FTAs) as well as other locations where PFAS 

may have been released into the environment at the RC. The term PFAS will be used throughout 

this report to encompass all PFAS chemicals being evaluated, including PFOS and PFOA, which 

are key components of AFFF. If a known or suspected discharge of AFFF or other PFAScontaining material has occurred, that location is designated an Area of Interest (AOI). The 

process for conducting the PA is discussed in the next section.

Preliminary Assessment Methods

The following tasks were performed as part of this PA: 

· Reviewed available administrative record documents and Environmental Data Resources, 

Inc. (EDR)TM report packages to obtain information relevant to potential PFAS releases, such 

as: drinking water well locations, historical aerial photographs, Sanborn maps, and 

environmental compliance actions in the area surrounding the facility; 

· Conducted a 1-day PA site visit on 02 October 2019 and completed visual site inspections 

(VSIs) at locations where PFAS-containing materials were suspected of being stored, used, 

or disposed; 

· Interviewed current New Mexico ARNG (NMARNG) personnel including environmental 

managers and operations staff during the site visit;
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

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· Identified AOIs and developed a preliminary conceptual site model (CSM) to summarize 

potential source-pathway-receptor linkages of potential PFAS in soil, groundwater, surface 

water, and sediment for each AOI. 

Report Organization

This report has been prepared in accordance with the USEPA Guidance for Performing 

Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA (USEPA 1991). The report sections and descriptions of 

each are as follows:

· Section 1 – Introduction: identifies the project purpose and authority and describes the 

facility location, environmental setting, and methods used to complete the PA.

· Section 2 – Fire Training Areas: describes the FTAs at the facility identified during the site 

visit. 

· Section 3 – Non-Fire Training Areas: describes other locations of potential PFAS releases 

at the facility identified during the site visit. 

· Section 4 – Emergency Response Areas: describes areas of potential PFAS release at the 

facility, specifically in response to emergency situations. 

· Section 5 – Adjacent Sources: describes sources of potential PFAS release adjacent to the 

facility that are not under the control of ARNG. 

· Section 6 – Preliminary Conceptual Site Model: describes the pathways of PFAS transport 

and receptors for the AOIs and the facility. 

· Section 7 – Conclusions: summarizes the data findings and presents the conclusions of the 

PA. 

· Section 8 – References: provides the references used to develop this document.

· Appendix A – Data Resources

· Appendix B – Preliminary Assessment Documentation

· Appendix C – Photographic Log

Facility Location and Description

Roswell RC sits on 13.01 acres in Chaves County, southeastern New Mexico, along W Earl 

Cummings Blvd and approximately 5 miles south of the City of Roswell (Figure 1-1). 

The facility is located on the northwest corner of the Roswell International Air Center and is leased 

to the NMARNG by the City of Roswell. The land for the facility was acquired in 1987, and the 

buildings were constructed in 1989. The facility features two buildings (an armory and a field 

maintenance shop [FMS] building), hazmat storage, and several parking areas. 

Facility Environmental Setting

Roswell RC is located on the Mescalero Pediment, within the Lower Pecos Valley subsection of 

the Great Plains physiographic province. The elevation of the facility is approximately 3,600 feet 

above mean sea level (msl) and is generally flat with a gentle slope towards the east. 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

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1.5.1 Geology

Roswell RC is located on the Mescalero Pediment of the lower Pecos River valley within the

Roswell Basin, which comprises a 12,000-square-mile area in southeastern New Mexico. The

facility is underlain by Permian age bedrock from the Artesia Group that dips eastward (Figure 1-

2).

The Yates Formation and the underlying Seven Rivers Formation both outcrop at the facility and

are associated with the Artesia Group (Land and Newton, 2008). The Yates Formation is

composed of sandstone, siltstone, limestone, dolomite, and anhydrite (New Mexico Bureau of

Geology and Mineral Resources, 2003). The underlying Seven Rivers Formation is composed

primarily of white gypsum and orange to red mudstone, sandstone, siltstone, and shale (New

Mexico State Highway Department, 1971). The Artesia Group also locally includes the Queen and

Grayburg Formations, which underlie the Seven Rivers Formation. The Queen Formation consists

of fine-grained sandstone and siltstone with interbedded gypsum, and the Grayburg Formation

consists of dolomite and gypsum with interbedded sandstone and shale (US Geological Survey

[USGS], 1995).

The San Andres Formation underlies the Artesia Group and consists of gray, massive- to thinbedded, cavernous limestone and dolomite. While limestone and dolomite are the principal rock

types, the San Andres Formation also contains the Glorieta Sandstone near the base of the

formation. The depth of the San Andres Formation ranges from 300 to 1,300 feet along the eastern

margin of the Roswell Basin (New Mexico State Highway Department, 1971; USGS, 1995). 

Quaternary-aged alluvium associated with the Pecos River floodplain is located to the west of the

facility. This alluvium consists of unconsolidated gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposits, which overlie

the Permian-age bedrock. The thickness of this alluvium is generally 150 to 300 feet (USGS,

1995). To the east of the facility, Eolian/Piedmont alluvial deposits have been mapped. While

these deposits are similar to those mapped west of the Pecos River floodplain, they also contain

deposits of wind-blown sand and silt (New Mexico State Highway Department, 1971).

1.5.2 Hydrogeology

Roswell RC is located on the Roswell Basin aquifer system, which underlies a portion of the Pecos

River and encompasses an area of approximately 2,200 square miles from north of Roswell to

northwest of Carlsbad, New Mexico. This aquifer system consists of a shallow alluvial aquifer and

the Roswell Artesian aquifer (USGS, 1995).

The Roswell Artesian aquifer is a leaky-confined carbonate aquifer with a saturated thickness of

approximately 500 feet; it consists of water-bearing zones associated with the lower Grayburg

Formation and upper to middle sections of the San Andres Formation. The generally low

permeability of the Queen Formation and upper Grayburg Formation serves as an upper confining

unit for the aquifer. The lower confining unit of the Roswell Artesian aquifer is formed by the lower,

unaltered portion of the San Andres Formation, Glorieta Sandstone, and the Yeso Formation

(USGS, 1995). The direction of groundwater flow across the basin is to the east, then upward

through the leaky upper confining unit, and into the Pecos River (Figure 1-2).

Recharge to the Roswell Artesian aquifer is primarily through infiltration of precipitation, a majority

of which occurs west of the City of Roswell, where the San Andres Formation outcrops. Additional

recharge occurs through sinkholes via solution-enlarged pathways (Land and Newton, 2008).

Principal discharge from the Roswell Artesian aquifer is by groundwater withdrawal, primarily for

the purpose of irrigation. Although there is agricultural land use near the City of Roswell,

agricultural activity and demand for water to irrigate crops are more intensive south of Roswell

(Land and Newton, 2008). Natural discharge also occurs and is evidenced by the presence of

karst springs, lakes, and wetlands in the Roswell Basin (USGS, 1995).
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

7

An EDRTM report conducted a well search for a 1-mile radius surrounding the facility (Appendix

A). Using additional online resources, such as state and local Geographic Information System

databases, wells were researched to a 4-mile radius of the facility. The City of Roswell currently

sources its drinking water from groundwater drawn from the San Andres water basin through a

network of more than 20 wells (City of Roswell 2014). The USEPA Unregulated Contaminant

Monitoring Rule 3 (UCMR3) data indicate that PFOS/PFOA were not detected in a public water

system above the USEPA HA within a 20-mile radius of the facility. The HA is 70 parts per trillion

for PFOA and PFOS, individually or combined. PFAS analyses performed in 2016 had method

detection limits that were higher than currently achievable. Thus, it is possible that low

concentrations of PFAS were not detected during the UCMR3 but might be detected if analyzed

today.

1.5.3 Hydrology

The Pecos River Basin drains an area of approximately 19,500 square miles within New Mexico.

The Pecos River flows north to south through Chaves County. A portion of the Pecos River flows

approximately 10 miles west of Roswell. The Pecos River has an average flow rate of 185 cubic

feet per second (USGS, 1995). Wetlands east of the City of Roswell are associated with segments

of the Pecos River and the Bottomless Lakes State Park. These wetlands are specifically

classified as freshwater emergent wetlands, freshwater forested/shrub wetlands, and riverine

zones (US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 2008). Water features near the facility are shown

in Figure 1-3.

1.5.4 Climate

The climate of the Roswell area is temperate and semiarid. The average annual daily temperature

ranges from 41 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The average annual precipitation is approximately

15 inches, most of which occurs during the months of July and August, and the average annual

snowfall is approximately 7.3 inches (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA],

2019). Precipitation is exceeded by an annual evaporation rate of 89 inches, according to a

measurement taken at the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) (NOAA, 2019).

1.5.5 Current and Future Land Use

Presently, the Roswell RC resides on land owned by the City of Roswell and is part of the Roswell

International Air Center. The facility comprises one FMS building and an armory building used as

administrative space. The current land use is listed as L-2 Heavy Industrial (Appendix A). Future

land use is not anticipated to change.
ROSWELL RC

& FMS#1

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12/13/2019

1:60,000 ­ Figure 1-1

PM RG 12/13/2019

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

Facility Location

Base Map: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS,

Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI,

0 2,500 5,000 10,000

Feet

Legend

Facility Boundary

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CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

GC

MW

5/12/2020

5/12/2020

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Roswell RC & FMS #1, NM

1:60,000

5/12/2020 ­ Figure 1-2

PM RG 5/12/2020

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

Groundwater Features

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 2,500 5,000 10,000

Feet

Legend

Facility Boundary

Wetland

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9
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North Spring

River

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South Spring

River-Rio Hondo

Watershed

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

GC

MW

12/17/2019

12/17/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Roswell RC & FMS #1, NM

12/17/2019

1:60,000 ­ Figure 1-3

PM RG 12/17/2019

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

Surface Water Features

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 2,500 5,000 10,000

Feet

Legend

Facility Boundary

Wetland

Canal/Ditch

Stream/River

Surface Water Flow

Direction

10
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

11

2. Fire Training Areas

No FTAs were identified within the Roswell RC facility during the PA through interviews or EDRTM

reports. Interviews were conducted with retired and current personnel whose collective firsthand

knowledge dates back to 1987, when the Roswell RC was first operational, through present day.

Roswell Fire Department provides emergency services to the facility. Interview records appear in

Appendix B.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

12

3. Non-Fire Training Areas

In addition to FTAs, the PA evaluated areas where PFAS-containing materials may have been 

broadly used, stored, or disposed. This may include buildings with fire suppression systems, paint 

booths, AFFF storage areas, and areas of compliance demonstrations. Information on these 

features obtained during the PA are included in Appendices A and B. One non-FTA where AFFF 

was stored was identified during the PA. A description of the non-FTA is presented below, and the 

non-FTA is shown on Figure 3-1. Interview records with relevant information appear in Appendix 

B, and photographs appear in Appendix C. 

FMS Truck Bay

The truck bay, which is in the FMS building of the Roswell RC, is located on the southeastern 

portion of the facility. This maintence bay is used to service various vehicles on and around the 

factility. According to personnel interviews, one Tri-MaxTM hand truck was stored within this bay 

until 2016, when it was turned in to the Defense Reutilization Marketing Office (DRMO). One 

interviewee, who has 25+ years of experience and recollection of activities at the site, stated that 

the Tri-MaxTM unit was never used or leaked and was regularly serviced by a contractor. There are 

no records or recollection of any leaks or incidents.
FMS Facility

FMS Truck Bay

CLIENT

REVISED

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GIS BY

CHK BY

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MW

5/12/2020

5/12/2020

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Roswell RC & FMS #1, NM

1:4,200

5/12/2020 ­ Figure 3-1

PM RG 5/12/2020

Non-Fire Training Areas

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 175 350 700

Feet

Legend

Facility Boundary

No Suspected PFAS

Release

Potential PFAS Release

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

13
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

14

4. Emergency Response Areas

No emergency response areas were identified within the boundaries of the facility during the PA

through interviews, previous investigations, online research, and the EDRTM report (Appendix A).

Personnel interviewed during the PA site visit, whose collective firsthand knowledge dates back

to 1987, when the Roswell RC was first operational, stated that no incidents have occurred on

site, and the facility does not feature a fire suppression system (Appendix B). The City of Roswell

Fire Department provides emergency response to Roswell RC.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

15

5. Adjacent Sources

One off-facility site was identified during the PA as a possible PFAS source adjacent to Roswell 

RC and is discussed below. Figure 5-1 presents the location of the suspected adjacent PFAS 

source.

 Roswell International Air Center

Roswell International Air Center began as Roswell Army International Airfield during World War II, 

and Walker Air Force Base during the Cold War. The airfield was then developed and renamed 

the Roswell International Air Center after the closure of Walker Air Force Base. The Roswell 

International Air Center covers roughly 5,029 acres of land at an elevation of 3,671 feet above 

msl and has two asphalt runways (Sky Vector, 2019).

Interviews with NMARNG facility staff and online searches revealed little information regarding 

use of AFFF at Roswell International Air Center. During a general online search search, it was 

found that two emergency incidents occurred at the Air Center on 02 April 2011 and 05 June 2019 

(Aviation Safety Network [ASN], 2019; Lysee, 2019). According to the ASN, on 02 April 2011, a 

Gulfstream G650 jet was damaged beyond repair in a takeoff accident at Roswell International 

Air Center Airport. The airplane impacted a concrete structure and an airport weather station, 

resulting in extensive structural damage and a postcrash fire that completely consumed the 

fuselage and cabin interior (ASN, 2019). On 05 June 2019, a massive fireworks explosion 

happened in a storage building on-site in which Class C fireworks (3,4,5, and 6 inch shells) were 

being moved from an adjacent storage box. An ignition event occurred that set off a shell and set 

in motion a chain reaction leading to the explosion/consumption of all the fireworks in the 

structure. The build up of pressure from the exploding shells caused the walls of the structure to 

be blown out (Mitri, 2019). It is unknown if PFAS containing chemicals were used at either of these 

incidents.
Roswell

International

Air Center

CLIENT

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12/17/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Roswell RC & FMS #1, NM

12/17/2019

1:36,000 ­ Figure 5-1

PM RG 12/17/2019

Adjacent Sources

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 1,500 3,000 6,000

Feet

Legend

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Wetland

Canal/Ditch

Stream/River

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

16
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

17

6. Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

Based on the PA findings, one potential release area was identified at Roswell or adjacent areas 

as a result of NMARNG actions and will be considered an AOI. The AOI location is shown on 

Figure 6-1. A CSM includes three components necessary for potentially complete exposure 

pathways related to a site: (1) source, (2) pathway, and (3) receptor. If any of these elements are 

missing, the pathway is considered incomplete. 

In general, the potential PFAS exposure pathways are ingestion and inhalation. Human exposure 

via the dermal contact pathway may occur, and current risk practice suggests it is a negligible 

pathway compared to ingestion; however, exposure data for dermal pathways are sparse and 

continue to be the subject of PFAS toxicological study. Receptors for Roswell include site workers 

and nearby residents. The CSM indicates which specific receptors could potentially be exposed 

to PFAS.

FMS Truck Bay

AOI 1 is the truck bay located in the FMS building of the Roswell RC. This maintenance bay is 

located in the southeastern portion of the facility and services various vehicles on and around the 

facility (Figure 6-1). According to personnel interviews who collectively have 25+ years of 

experience and recollection of activities at the facility, the single Tri-MaxTM hand truck stored until 

2016 was never used or leaked, and was regularly serviced by a contractor. No records of 

maintenance, leaks, or incidents involving this hand truck exist. 

The AOI encompasses the truck bay, as use outside of the bay is not expected. If the Tri-MaxTM

hand truck was used or leaked during the time it was stored in the truck bay, it was likely left to 

dry before being cleaned up and disposed of as there are no drains within or near the truck bay. 

If a release occurred ground disturbing activites could result in site worker and nearby resident 

exposure to PFAS contamination via inhalation of dust and to site workers via ingestion of surface 

soil. PFAS are water soluble and can migrate readily from soil to groundwater or surface water 

via leaching and run-off. However, groundwater beneath the facility is approximately 500 feet bgs; 

and while the city sources its drinking water from the San Andres water basin through a network 

of more than 20 wells, it is unlikely that PFAS contamination will reach the aquifer depth, making 

the groundwater exposure pathway incomplete. Due to the arid desert climate, the pathway for 

surface water is considered incomplete. The preliminary CSM for the AOI is shown on Figure 6-

2.
!P

!P

A!

A!

FMS Facility

FMS Truck Bay

AOI 1

Town of

Midway-Pecos

River Watershed

South Spring River-Rio

Hondo Watershed

CLIENT

REVISED

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ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

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MW

5/14/2020

5/14/2020

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Roswell RC & FMS #1, NM

1:4,200

5/14/2020 ­ Figure 6-1

PM RG 5/14/2020

Areas of Interest

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 175 350 700

Feet

Legend

Area of Interest

No Suspected PFAS

Release

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Inferred Groundwater

Flow Direction

Surface Water Flow

Direction

Wells

A! Unknown/Other

!P Domestic

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

18
Media

SOURCE PATHWAY RECEPTOR

AOI 1 Potential Use or

Spill

PFAS in

Surface Soil

Human

Activities

Precipitation/

Run-Off

Leaching/

Infiltration

Airborne Soil

Particulate

Surface Soil

at AOI

Surface

Water/

Sediment

Subsurface

Soil

Shallow

Groundwater

Source Release

Mechanism Media Transportand Migration Media ExposureRoutes

Inhalation of

Dust

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Human Receptors:

Current/ Future

Flow-Chart Continues

Partial / Possible Flow

Flow-Chart Stops

Incomplete Pathway

Potentially Complete Pathway

Complete Pathway

Site

Worker

Construction

Worker Resident Trespasser

Site

Worker

Construction

Worker Resident Trespasser

/

/ /

LEGEND

/ / / /

/ / / /

/ / /

Figure 6-2

Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

Roswell, New Mexico

Potential

Off-Facility

Source Not

under

Control of

ARNG

Notes:

1. The residential receptor refers to an off-facility

receptor.

2. Human consumption of agricultural products

potentially affected by PFAS is possible

/

/ / /

/

/

19
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

20

7. Conclusions

This document presents a summary of information on known or suspected management of AFFF 

at the Roswell RC. The PA findings are based on personnel interviews, environmental 

investigations and reports, historical documents, and the VSI. The PA findings are based on the 

information presented in Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C.

Findings

One AOI related to suspected PFAS release was identified at Roswell RC during the PA (Figure 

7-1) and is described in Table 7-1 below:

Table 7-1: AOIs at Roswell RC

Area of Interest Name Used by Potential Release 

Dates Determination

AOI FMS Truck Bay NMARNG Through 2016 Storage of AFFF

An adjacent potential PFAS release area was identified next to the NMARNG facility. Roswell 

International Air Center had two separate incidents in 2011 and 2019 in which emergency fire 

response was required, though it is unknown whether AFFF were used to respond to these 

situations. 

Based on documented potential PFAS release at the AOI, there is potential for exposure to PFAS 

contamination in media at or near the facility. The preliminary CSM for Roswell RC, which 

presents the potential receptors and media impacted, is shown on Figure 6-2. A summary of PA 

findings is presented in Figure 7-1. 

Uncertainties

A number of information sources were investigated during this PA to determine the potential for 

PFAS-containing materials to have been present, used, or released at the facility. Historically, 

documentation of PFAS use was not required because PFAS were considered benign. Therefore, 

records were not typically kept by the facility or available during the PA on the use of PFAS in 

training, firefighting, or other non-traditional activities, or on its disposition. There is no historically 

documented use of PFAS-containing materials at the Roswell RC by NMARNG staff.

The conclusions of this PA are based on all available information, including: previous 

environmental reports, EDRsTM, observations made during the VSI, and interviews. Interviews of 

personnel with direct knowledge of a facility generally provided the most useful insights regarding 

a facility's historical and current PFAS-containing materials. Sometimes, the provided information 

was vague or conflicted with other sources. Gathered information has a degree of uncertainty due 

to the absence of written documentation, the limited number of personnel with direct knowledge 

due to staffing changes, the time passed since PFAS were first used (1969 to present), and a 

reliance on personal recollection. Inaccuracies may arise in potential PFAS release locations, 

dates of release, volume of releases, and the concentration of AFFF used. There is also a 

possibility the PA has missed a source of PFAS, as the science of how PFAS may enter the 

environment continually evolves.

In order to minimize the level of uncertainty, readily available data regarding the use and storage 

of PFAS were reviewed, retired and current personnel were interviewed, multiple persons were 

interviewed for the same potential source area, and potential source areas were visually 

inspected.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

21

Table 7-2 summarizes the uncertainties associated with the PA:

Table 7-2: Sources of Uncertainty

Location Source of Uncertainty

FMS Truck Bay The precise timeframe in which the Tri-MaxTM hand truck was

stored at the facility and how often the unit was serviced are

unknown. Interviewee recollection spans the 33-year history of

the facility, but interviewees were uncertain as to when exactly

the Tri-MaxTM unit arrived at Roswell RC.

Potential Future Actions

Interviews with NMARNG facility staff indicate that past ARNG activities might have contributed

PFAS contamination to soil at the facility or adjacent areas.

Records review and interviews with NMARNG facility staff indicate that current or former ARNG

activities may have resulted in PFAS releases at the AOI at Roswell RC. PFAS have the potential

to be present in the surface soil pathway. Based on the preliminary CSM developed for the AOI,

there is potential for receptors to be exposed to PFAS contamination in soil and airborne soil

particulate. Table 7-3 summarizes the rationale used to determine if the AOI should be considered

for further investigation under the CERCLA process and undergo an SI.

Table 7-3: PA Findings Summary

Area of Interest AOI Location Rationale Potential Future

Action

FMS Truck Bay 33°19'12.6"N;

104°32'06.6"W

Potential release from an AFFF 

Tri-MaxTM hand truck

Proceed to an SI 

focusing on soil

ARNG will evaluate the need for an SI at Roswell RC based on the potential receptors, the 

potential migration of PFAS contamination off the facility, and the availability of resources.
FMS Truck Bay

Roswell International

Air Center

FMS Facility

CLIENT

REVISED

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GIS BY

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5/12/2020

5/12/2020

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Roswell RC & FMS #1, NM

1:3,600

5/12/2020 ­ Figure 5-1

PM RG 5/12/2020

Summary of Findings

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

0 150 300 600

Feet

Legend

No Suspected PFAS

Release

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

22
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

23

8. References

Aviation Safety Network. 2019. Incident Database. Flight Safety Foundation.

https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20110402-0

City of Roswell. 2014. City of Roswell Water Quality Report. City of Roswell.

https://roswell-nm.gov/Archive/ViewFile/Item/78

Land, L., and B.T. Newton. 2008. Seasonal and Long-term Variations in Hydraulic Head in a

Karstic Aquifer: Roswell Artesian Basin, New Mexico.

Mitri, Lysee. 2019. Report details findings of Roswell fireworks explosion investigation. KRQE.

Nexstar Broadcasting. https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/report-details-findingsof-roswell-fireworks-explosion-investigation/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2019. Climate Data Online Database.

https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2019. NowData – NOAA Online Weather

Data. https://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=abq.

New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, A Division of New Mexico Institute of

Mining and Technology. 2003. Water Resources of the Lower Pecos Region, New Mexico:

Science, Policy, and a Look to the Future.

https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/guides/decisionmakers/2003/DecisonMakers2003.p

df

New Mexico State Highway Department, Materials and Testing Laboratory, Design Division.

1971. Geology and Aggregate Resources District II.

Sky Vector. 2019. Roswell International Air Center Airport. Sky Vector Aeronautical Charts.

https://skyvector.com/airport/ROW/Roswell-International-Air-Center-Airport

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1991. Guidance for Performing

Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA. September.

United States Fish and Wildlife Servie (USFWS), 2008. Wetlands Online Mapper.

http://wetlandsfws.er.usgs.gov/wtlnds/launch.html

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1995. GROUND WATER ATLAS of the UNITED

STATES Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah HA 730-C.

http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/ch_c/C-text7.html.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Data Resources
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Data Resources will be provided separately on CD. Data Resources for the facility include:

Roswell Previous Investigations

· 2012 Atkins Engineering Associates Inc., Investigation Report Forms, Risk-Based Decision

Making for Petroleum Releases at Underground Storage Tank Sites in New Mexico

Roswell Online Research

· 1995 United States Geological Survey (USGS), Ground Water Atlas of the United States –

Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah

· 2003 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, A Division of New Mexico

Institute of Mining and Technology. 2003. Water Resources of the Lower Pecos Region,

New Mexico: Science, Policy, and a Look to the Future.

· 2007 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Seasonal and Long-Term

Variations in Hydraulic Head In A Karstic Aquifer: Roswell Artesian Basin, New Mexico

· 2011 City of Roswell, New Mexico Zoning Map

· 2014 City of Roswell, New Mexico Water Quality Report

· 2019 City of Rio Rancho, Rio Rancho Pure – New Mexico’s First Aquifer Injection Project

· 2019 KRQE News, Report details findings of Roswell fireworks explosion investigation

· 2019 NOAA, Roswell Climate Normals

· 2019 Sky Vector, FAA, Roswell International Air Center Support Information

Roswell Facility Information

· 2014 NMARNG Installation Atlas

Roswell EDRTM Report

· 2019 Roswell Environmental Data Resources, Inc.TM Report
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Preliminary Assessment Documentation
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Appendix B.1

Interview Records


PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Appendix B.2

Visual Site Inspection Checklists


PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Appendix B.3

Conceptual Site Model Information


PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

Photographic Log
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

APPENDIX C – Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary 

Assessment for PFAS Roswell Readiness Center Roswell, New Mexico

Photograph No. 1

Description:

Facing East. New Fire 

extinguisher that replaced the 

former Tri-MaxTM hand truck.

Photo Date: 10/02/2019 0940

Photograph No. 2

Description:

Facing West. Hazmat Storage 

Unit – contains no AFFF

Photo Date: 10/02/2019 0942
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Roswell Readiness Center, Roswell, New Mexico

APPENDIX C – Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary 

Assessment for PFAS Roswell Readiness Center Roswell, New Mexico

Photograph No. 3

Description:

Facing Southwest. Drain in 

wash rack we concrete berms 

around it.

Photo Date: 10/02/2019 1002