CLD-223 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 23-1909

___________

JOHN SMITH,

Appellant

v.

JUDGE VITO P. GEROULO; JUDGE MICHAEL BARASSE; 

DISTRICT ATTORNEY MARK POWELL

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

(D.C. Civil Action No. 3:21-cv-01634)

District Judge: Honorable Robert D. Mariani

____________________________________

Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or

Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

September 28, 2023

Before: SHWARTZ, MATEY, and FREEMAN, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed October 16, 2023)

_________

OPINION*

_________

PER CURIAM

* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent.
2

John Smith, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, sued two state-court judges 

and a prosecutor under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. He alleged that the defendants deprived him of 

several constitutional rights by failing to timely hold a Grazier1 hearing and to timely rule 

on his Pennsylvania Post-Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”) petition.2 For relief, Smith 

asked the District Court “to order the defendants to immediately hold a Grazier hearing 

so I can proceed pro se and immediately resolve my PCRA proceedings.” ECF No. 1 at 

5. 

Adopting a Magistrate Judge’s report and recommendation over Smith’s 

objections, the District Court dismissed the complaint with prejudice under 28 U.S.C. §§ 

1915A(b)(1) and § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) for failure to state a claim. Smith appeals. 

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our review is plenary. See Allah v. 

Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 223 (3d Cir. 2000). We may affirm on any basis supported by 

the record. See Murray v. Bledsoe, 650 F.3d 246, 247 (3d Cir. 2011) (per curiam). 

1 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81, 82 (Pa. 1998) (“When a waiver of the right to 

counsel is sought at the post-conviction and appellate stages, an on-the-record 

determination should be made that the waiver is a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary 

one.”).

2 He filed his initial PCRA petition in October 2019 to challenge his conviction for 

indecent assault of a minor less than 13 years of age, corruption of minors, simple assault, 

and endangering the welfare of a child. See Commonwealth v. Smith, Docket No. CP-35-

CR-0000119-2017. 
3

Because no substantial issue is raised on appeal, see 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 

10.6, we will affirm the dismissal with a modification.

As the District Court noted, and as Smith concedes, Smith received a Grazier

hearing shortly after he filed his complaint in the District Court. See also Commonwealth 

v. Smith, Docket No. CP-35-CR-0000119-2017. Accordingly, his request for relief with 

respect to the Grazier hearing became moot. See Blanciak v. Allegheny Ludlum Corp., 

77 F.3d 690, 698-99 (3d Cir. 1996) (“If developments occur during the course of 

adjudication that . . . prevent a court from being able to grant the requested relief, the case 

must be dismissed as moot.”).

Furthermore, the District Court was (and is) without authority to grant Smith’s

request for an order directing the defendants to immediately resolve his PCRA 

proceedings.

3 See In re Wolenski, 324 F.2d 309, 309 (3d Cir. 1963) (per curiam)

(explaining that “it is clear that the district court had no jurisdiction” to order a state court 

to issue a decree and opinion on a petition pending before it). 

For these reasons, the District Court properly dismissed the complaint. However, 

because the District Court lacked jurisdiction, Smith’s complaint should have been 

dismissed without prejudice for lack of jurisdiction instead of with prejudice under 28 

3 Although his request for relief could be read to request only a Grazier hearing, the 

District Court resolved the ambiguity in Smith’s favor, which seems correct based on 

Smith’s further discussion of his claim in his objections and in the document he filed in 

support of appeal in this court.
4

U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b)(1) and 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). See N.J. Physicians, Inc. v. President of 

U.S., 653 F.3d 234, 241 n.8 (3d Cir. 2011) (explaining that dismissals for lack of subject 

matter jurisdiction are “by definition without prejudice”). Accordingly, we modify the 

judgment to dismiss the complaint without prejudice. Cf. Curry v. Yachera, 835 F.3d 

373, 379–80 (3d Cir. 2016) (modifying order of dismissal). We will affirm the District 

Court’s judgment as modified.4

4 Smith’s request for appointment of counsel is denied.