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[Congressional Bills 111th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3832 Introduced in House (IH)]

111th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 3832

 To enhance the effectiveness of United States diplomatic efforts with 
respect to Iran by expanding economic sanctions against Iran to include 
  refined petroleum, require the Secretary of Defense to develop and 
maintain viable military options to prevent the successful development 
  or deployment of a nuclear weapons capability by the Government of 
                     Iran, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            October 15, 2009

Mr. Franks of Arizona introduced the following bill; which was referred 
to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees 
 on Financial Services, Armed Services, Ways and Means, and Oversight 
 and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by 
the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
           within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To enhance the effectiveness of United States diplomatic efforts with 
respect to Iran by expanding economic sanctions against Iran to include 
  refined petroleum, require the Secretary of Defense to develop and 
maintain viable military options to prevent the successful development 
  or deployment of a nuclear weapons capability by the Government of 
                     Iran, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Peace Through Strength Act of 
2009''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    (a) Iranian Support for Terrorism.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) On October 25, 2007, the Secretary of the Treasury 
        designated under Executive Order 13224 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; 
        relating to designating and blocking assets of foreign 
        individuals and entities that commit, or pose a significant 
        risk of committing, acts of terrorism) the Islamic 
        Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)-Quds Force for providing 
        material support to the Taliban and other terrorist 
        organization and Iran's state-owned Back Saderat as a terrorist 
        financier.
            (2) In the 2008 Department of State Country Report, the 
        Secretary of State determined that of all state sponsors of 
        terrorism, the Government of Iran is the most active sponsor of 
        terrorism, threatening peace in the Middle East and 
        Afghanistan.
            (3) According to the State Department, despite its pledge 
        to support the stabilization of Iraq, the Government of Iran 
        continues to provide lethal support, including weapons, 
        training, funding, and guidance, to Iraqi militant groups that 
        target Coalition and Iraqi forces and kill innocent Iraqi 
        civilians.
            (4) Iranian-produced advanced rockets, sniper rifles, 
        automatic weapons, explosively formed penetrators, and mortars 
        have killed Iraqi and Coalition Forces as well as civilians.
            (5) Iran has aided and abetted groups certified by the 
        United States Government as foreign terrorist organizations for 
        nearly 3 decades, including Lebanese Hezbollah, Hamas, and the 
        Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
            (6) In April 2008 the Commanding General Multi-National 
        Force-Iraq, General David H. Petraeus, testified before the 
        Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives 
        that Iran has fueled the violence in a particularly damaging 
        way, through its lethal support to the ``special groups'' 
        operating against coalition forces in Iraq.
            (7) United States Ambassador to Iraq, Ryan C. Crocker, 
        testified in April 2008 that Iran continues to undermine the 
        efforts of the Government of Iraq to establish a stable, secure 
        state by training criminal militia elements engaged in violence 
        against Iraqi security forces, coalition forces, and Iraqi 
        civilians.
            (8) The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, 
        General Michael V. Hayden, stated on May 30, 2008, that ``It is 
        the policy of the Iranian government, approved at the highest 
        levels of that government, to facilitate the killing of 
        American and other coalition forces in Iraq. Period.''.
            (9) The Director of Defense Intelligence Agency, Lieutenant 
        General Michael D. Maples, stated in his March 10, 2009, 
        testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, ``Iran 
        continues to provide money, weapons and training to some Iraqi 
        Shia militants despite pledges by senior Iranian officials to 
        stop such support. The weapons include Explosively Formed 
        Penetrators (EFPs) with radio-controlled, remote arming and 
        passive infrared detonators, mortars, rockets, rocket-propelled 
        grenades and launchers, small arms ammunition and 
        explosives.''.
    (b) Iran's Ballistic Missile Fleet Developments and Testing.--
Congress finds the following:
            (1) The Government of Iran continues to enhance the 
        capabilities of its ballistic missile fleet, holding United 
        States interest in Southern Europe, the Persian Gulf region, 
        and South Asia at risk of an attack.
            (2) In September 2004, the Government of Iran showed off 
        its range of ballistic missiles at an annual military parade, 
        with the rockets draped in banners vowing to ``crush America'' 
        and ``wipe Israel off the map''.
            (3) On October 25, 2007, the Secretary of State designated 
        under Executive Order 13382 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to 
        blocking property of weapons of mass destruction proliferators 
        and their supporters) two key Iranian entities of missile 
        proliferation concern, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 
        (IRGC) and the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics. 
        In addition, the Secretary of the Treasury designated under 
        Executive Order 13382 for proliferation activities nine IRGC-
        affiliated entities and five IRGC-affiliated individuals as 
        derivatives of the IRGC, Iran's state-owned Banks Melli and 
        Mellat, and three individuals affiliated with Iran's Aerospace 
        Industries Organization.
            (4) The IRGC has been outspoken about its willingness to 
        proliferate ballistic missiles capable of carrying weapons of 
        mass destruction.
            (5) The IRGC's ballistic missile inventory includes 
        missiles which could be modified to deliver weapons of mass 
        destruction. The IRGC is one of the primary organizations of 
        the Iranian regime tied to developing and testing the Shahab-3 
        missile. The IRGC attempted, as recently as 2006, to procure 
        sophisticated and costly equipment that could be used to 
        support Iran's ballistic missile and nuclear programs.
            (6) Iranian Defense Minister, Brigadier General Mostafa 
        Mohammad Najjar, has stated that one of the major projects of 
        the Iranian Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics is 
        the manufacturing of Shahab-3 missiles, and that this project 
        will not be halted.
            (7) Michael McConnell, then Director of National 
        Intelligence, stated before the Senate Armed Services Committee 
        February 27, 2009, ``Iran continues to deploy ballistic 
        missiles inherently capable of delivering nuclear weapons, and 
        to develop longer-range missiles. I note again that two 
        activities relevant to a nuclear weapons capability continue: 
        uranium enrichment that will enable the production of fissile 
        material and development of long-range ballistic missile 
        systems.''.
            (8) Iran test-fired nine long-range and medium range 
        missiles on July 9, 2008, and according to Iranian state 
        television, one of the missile systems was the Shahab-3, 
        capable of striking Israel.
            (9) Iran currently possesses short-range ballistic missiles 
        (SRBM), as well as medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM), 
        capable of reaching much of the Middle East region, including 
        Israel, and reaching Turkey.
            (10) On April 5, 2009, the President Barack Obama said, 
        ``So let me be clear: Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile 
        activity poses a real threat, not just to the United States, 
        but to Iran's neighbors and our allies.''.
            (11) On February 3, 2009, the Government of Iran 
        successfully launched its first satellite into orbit--an act in 
        direct violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 
        1737, limiting Iran from missile activity.
            (12) Admiral Dennis C. Blair, Director of National 
        Intelligence, stated before the Senate Armed Services Committee 
        in March 2009, ``Space launch technology is no different from 
        military technology, and the Safir launch last month shows that 
        Iran is mastering the use of ballistic weapons.''.
            (13) Admiral Dennis C. Blair, Director of National 
        Intelligence, stated before the Senate Armed Services Committee 
        in March 2009, ``Militarily, Iran continues to strengthen the 
        three pillars of its strategic deterrence: surface-to-surface 
        missiles, long-range rockets and aircraft for retaliation; 
        naval forces to disrupt maritime traffic through key waterways; 
        and unconventional forces and surrogates to conduct worldwide 
        lethal operations. Although many of their statements are 
        exaggerations, Iranian officials throughout the past year have 
        repeatedly claimed both greater ballistic missile capabilities 
        that could threaten United States and allied interests.''.
            (14) General Michael Maples, Director of the Defense 
        Intelligence Agency stated before the Senate Armed Services 
        Committee in March 2009, ``Iran's February 3, 2009, launch of 
        the Safir space launch vehicle shows progress in mastering 
        technology needed to produce ICBMs.''.
            (15) On May 19, 2009, the Government of Iran test-fired a 
        new two-stage, medium-range, solid fuel, surface-to-surface 
        missile, claiming it can span the entire nation of Israel and 
        United States forces deployed in the Persian Gulf Region.
    (c) Iran's Nuclear Program.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) An Iranian Government armed with nuclear weapons would 
        be significantly destabilizing to the Middle East region, 
        placing United Sates interests at grave risk, and inspiring 
        regional proliferation to counter-balance an Iranian nuclear-
        strike capability.
            (2) An Iranian Government equipped with nuclear weapons 
        could have a far greater ability to quash domestic dissent with 
        little fear of national intervention, hereby dimming prospects 
        for internal democratic transformation within Iran.
            (3) The Government of Iran is actively developing the means 
        to indigenously produce enriched uranium, a necessary element 
        to develop a nuclear weapons capability, and has resisted 
        international calls for transparency and accountability 
        measures that would build confidence in the proclaimed peaceful 
        intent of Iran's nuclear program.
            (4) On February 5, 2008, the Director of National 
        Intelligence testified before the Select Committee on 
        Intelligence of the Senate that ``Declared uranium enrichment 
        efforts, which will enable the production of fissile material, 
        continue. This is the most difficult challenge in nuclear 
        production. Iran's efforts to perfect ballistic missiles that 
        can reach North Africa and Europe also continue.''.
            (5) In March 2009 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, in 
        referring to United States allies, the Czech Republic and 
        Poland, said ``They recognize there is a real potential future 
        threat, that missiles not only with a nuclear warhead, but with 
        a conventional warhead or some other chemical or biological 
        weapon could very well be in the hands of a regime like Iran's, 
        which we know will use whatever advantage they have to 
        intimidate as far as they think their voice can reach.''.
            (6) On April 6, 2009, the President Barack Obama stated, 
        ``The peace of the region will also be advanced if Iran forgoes 
        any nuclear weapons ambitions.''.
            (7) According to Israeli Defense estimates, Tehran is 
        believed to currently have an arsenal of 100-200 long-range 
        Shahab missiles that have a range of up to 2,000 kilometers and 
        carry up to one-ton warheads.
            (8) According to Israeli Defense estimates, it is the 
        Government of Iran's plan to obtain 500 missile launchers and 
        over 1,000 missiles with a range of 2,500 km by 2015.
            (9) On May 18, 2009, the President Barack Obama claimed, 
        ``the Islamic Republic's obtaining a nuclear weapon would be 
        not only a threat to Israel and the United States, but 
        `profoundly destabilizing' to the international community in 
        general''.
            (10) On May 18, 2009, while meeting with the President 
        Barack Obama, Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu said, 
        ``[A nuclear Iran] could give the nuclear umbrella to 
        terrorists or worse, it could actually give nuclear weapons to 
        terrorists I believe it would put all of us in great peril.'' 
        Iran's obtaining nuclear weapons would be an existential threat 
        not only to Israel but the rest of the world.
            (11) According to the IAEA, Iran has installed 2 or 3 types 
        of next-generation centrifuges at Natanz FEP, including IR-2 
        and the IR-3.
            (12) On March 17, 2009, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown 
        states, ``[L]et me be equally clear that Iran's current nuclear 
        program is unacceptable. Iran has concealed nuclear activities, 
        refused to cooperate with the IAEA, and flouted United Nations 
        Security Council Resolutions. Its refusal to play by the rules 
        leads us to view its nuclear program as a critical 
        proliferation threat. Iran therefore faces a clear choice--
        continue in this way and face further and tougher sanctions, or 
        change to a United Nations overseen civil nuclear energy 
        program that will bring the greatest benefits to its 
        citizens.''.
            (13) An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) report 
        released on June 5, 2009, confirmed that the number of 
        centrifuges enriching uranium at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment 
        Plant (FEP) has increased to 4,920 (up from 3,936) with an 
        additional 2,132 installed and operating under vacuum. This 
        brings the total number of centrifuges either enriching uranium 
        or installed and ready to begin enrichment to 7,052.
            (14) On July 8, 2009, Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff, 
        Admiral Michael Mullen stated, the ``window is closing'' for 
        preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. He continues 
        saying, ``Iran is very focused on developing this capability 
        and the clock is ticking and that's why I'm as concerned as I 
        am.''.
            (15) On September 25, 2009, it was announced that Iran 
        possessed a covert uranium enrichment facility along a road 
        leading to the city of Qom.
            (16) On September 30, 2009, Iran's nuclear chief Ali Akbar 
        Salehi said, ``The [Qom] facility was built inside a mountain 
        next to a military compound of the Revolutionary Guard, and is 
        equipped with air defense systems.''. He openly expressed this 
        will ensure continuity of its nuclear activities in case of an 
        attack.
            (17) British Prime Minister Gordon Brown commented on the 
        Iranian nuclear facility at Qom saying, ``this is clear 
        evidence of Iran's serial deception. The size and configuration 
        of this facility is inconsistent with a peaceful programme. 
        Iran is breaking rules that all nations must follow--
        endangering the nonproliferation regime, denying its people 
        access to the opportunity they deserve, and threatening the 
        stability and security of the region and the world.''.
            (18) Prime Minister Netanyahu called Iran ``the major 
        terrorist-sponsoring state of our time''. He says, ``that 
        Tehran could give those nuclear weapons to terrorists or give 
        them a nuclear umbrella that would bring terrorism beyond our 
        wildest dreams''.
            (19) In September 2009, it was reported Iran is helping to 
        detect uranium deposits in Venezuela. Iran's Mining Minister 
        Rodolfo Sanz said ``Iran has been assisting Venezuela with 
        geophysical survey flights and geochemical analysis of the 
        deposits, and that evaluations indicate the existence of 
        uranium in western parts of the country and in Santa Elena de 
        Uairen''. Sanz told reporters of this discovery, ``We could 
        have important reserves of uranium.''.
            (20) Department of State spokesman Ian Kelly said recently 
        that United States officials also have ``concerns'' about a 
        possible transfer of nuclear materials between Iran and 
        Venezuela.
    (d) U.S. Threat of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack.--Congress 
finds the following:
            (1) According to the EMP Commission, a single nuclear 
        weapon exploded at high altitude above the United States will 
        produce an electromagnetic pulse (EMP).
            (2) According to the EMP Commission, an EMP attack would 
        disrupt electrical power necessary to support other critical 
        infrastructures, including supply and distribution of water, 
        food, fuel, communications, transport, financial transactions, 
        emergency services, government services, and all other 
        infrastructures supporting the national economy and welfare. If 
        significant parts of the electrical power infrastructure are 
        lost for any substantial period of time, the Commission 
        believes that the consequences are likely to be catastrophic, 
        and many people may ultimately die for lack of the basic 
        elements necessary to sustain life in dense urban and suburban 
        communities.
            (3) The EMP Commission stated in its report that certain 
        types of relatively low-yield nuclear weapons can be employed 
        to generate potentially catastrophic EMP effects over wide 
        geographic areas, and designs for variants of such weapons may 
        have been illicitly trafficked for a quarter-century.
            (4) According to the EMP Commission, China and Russia have 
        considered limited nuclear attack options that, unlike their 
        Cold War plans, employ EMP as the primary or sole means of 
        attack.
            (5) The EMP Commission recognizes a determined adversary 
        can achieve an EMP attack capability without having a high 
        level of sophistication.
            (6) Having already conducted tests from sea-based 
        platforms, detonating warheads at the highest point of the 
        missile trajectory, Iran is exploring a workable research 
        program to deliver an EMP attack against its enemies.
    (e) Iranian Dependence on Petroleum Imports.--Congress finds the 
following:
            (1) Iran is OPEC's largest oil producer after Saudi Arabia 
        with a refining capacity of some 1.5 million barrels per day 
        but still has to import around one-third of its gasoline to 
        meet domestic demand.
            (2) Iran imports around 140,000 barrels per day of 
        gasoline, most of which is shipped in 30,000- to 35,000-ton 
        cargoes to the Mideast Gulf port of Bandar Abbas.
            (3) An interruption or significant limiting of the supply 
        of gasoline to Iran would considerably impact the Iranian 
        economy.
            (4) An international restriction of gasoline exports to 
        Iran would significantly bolster current diplomatic 
        initiatives.
            (5) On June 4, 2008, then-Senator Barack Obama said, ``we 
        should work with Europe, Japan, and the Gulf states to find 
        every avenue outside the United Nations to isolate the Iranian 
        regime--from cutting off loan guarantees and expanding 
        financial sanctions to banning the export of refined petroleum 
        to Iran.''.
            (6) On October 7, 2008, then-Senator Barack Obama said, 
        ``Iran right now imports gasoline . . . if we can prevent them 
        from importing the gasoline that they need . . . that starts 
        changing their cost-benefit analysis. That starts putting the 
        squeeze on them.''.
    (f) Violation of Human Rights.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Reports indicate the Government of Iran directed 
        Iranian children to clear the minefields during the Iran-Iraq 
        war, resulting in their deaths.
            (2) The Department of State's International Religious 
        Freedom Report of 2008 concluded that there was a continued 
        deterioration of the Government of Iran's extremely poor status 
        regarding respect for religious freedom, and every year since 
        1999 the Department of State has designated Iran a ``country of 
        particular concern'' under the International Religious Freedom 
        Act of 1998 for its violations of religious freedom.
            (3) The Department of State's Human Rights Report of 2008 
        concluded the Government of Iran's poor human rights record 
        worsened, and it continued to commit numerous serious abuses.
            (4) The Government of Iran severely limits citizens' right 
        to modify their government peacefully through free and fair 
        elections.
            (5) The Government of Iran carries out summary executions, 
        including executions of minors, following trials that lack due 
        process.
            (6) Many arrests in Iran are carried out by plain-clothed 
        officials who fail to identify themselves and who do not 
        produce an official arrest warrant or state a reason for the 
        arrest.
            (7) On December 18, 2008, for the sixth consecutive year, 
        the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on 
        Iran expressing ``deep concern at ongoing systematic violations 
        of human rights''.
            (8) The Government of Iran systemically suppresses the 
        freedoms of expression and the press, and severely limits the 
        freedom of assembly of its own citizens.
            (9) The Government of Iran takes away the rights of women 
        in Iran, including their right to the freedoms of movement, 
        association, thought, conscience, and religion, as well as 
        freedom from coercion in matters or belief.
            (10) Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's denials of the 
        Holocaust and statements calling for Israel to be ``wiped off 
        the map'' have created a climate of fear among Iran's Jewish 
        community.
            (11) The Government of Iran continues to abuse and torture 
        detainees and prisoners, including carrying out severe 
        punishments such as amputations and floggings.
            (12) On February 9, 2009, Malcolm Smart, Director of 
        Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa programme 
        said, ``Thirty years on, some of the worst abuses of the Shah's 
        time--torture, executions and the suppression of legitimate 
        dissent--are still being replicated in Iran, despite the 
        efforts of the country's growing and valiant community of human 
        rights defenders.''.
            (13) Christians, in particular Evangelicals and other 
        Protestants, in Iran continue to be subject to harassment, 
        arrests, close surveillance, and imprisonment, and many 
        converts from Islam to Christianity have fled the country for 
        fear of persecution.
            (14) According to Amnesty International, people in Iran are 
        still enduring a catalogue of human rights abuses, 30 years 
        after the Islamic Revolution.

SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    (a) In General.--It shall be policy of the United States to seek 
normalization of relations with Iran once the following conditions are 
satisfied:
            (1) The Government of Iran denounces the use of terrorism 
        as a means to further political ends.
            (2) The Government of Iran turns over to the United States 
        Al Qaeda members known by the Government of Iran to be living 
        in Iran.
            (3) The Government of Iran stops providing material support 
        to groups designated as terrorist organizations under United 
        States law.
            (4) The Government of Iran ceases support for the wounding 
        and killing of United States and coalition forces in Iraq and 
        Afghanistan.
            (5) The Government of Iran dismantles its chemical, 
        biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons programs and 
        commits to combating the proliferation of such weapons.
            (6) The Government of Iran ceases the development and 
        testing of long range ballistic missiles.
            (7) The Government of Iran respects the boundaries, 
        sovereignty, and right to exist of its neighbors, including the 
        State of Israel, and contributes positively toward the Israeli-
        Palestinian peace process.
            (8) The Government of Iran upholds and defends the human 
        rights and civil liberties of its citizens.
    (b) Policy on International Engagement.--The United States shall 
take the following actions:
            (1) The United States shall cooperate with allies to employ 
        all instruments of national power to prevent the successful 
        development or deployment of a nuclear weapons capability by 
        the Government of Iran.
            (2) The United States may not compromise elements of 
        national missile defense systems, or offensive strategic 
        weapons in exchange for Russia putting pressure on Iran.
            (3) The United States shall cooperate with allies to 
        expeditiously deploy a missile defense system that is capable 
        of intercepting Iranian short, medium, and long-range missiles 
        aimed at the United States or North Atlantic Treaty 
        Organization (NATO) allies.
            (4) The United States shall support the right of Israel to 
        protect itself and shall remain committed to the defense of 
        Israel, including support of the development of a national 
        missile defense shield for Israel to defeat missile and rocket 
        attack.

SEC. 4. AMENDMENTS TO THE IRAN SANCTIONS ACT OF 1996 AND RELATED 
              PROVISIONS.

    (a) Explanation of Sanctions to Refined Petroleum.--Section 4 of 
the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(g) United States Policy Toward Iran.--It shall be the policy of 
the United States to encourage foreign governments to--
            ``(1) direct state-owned entities to cease all investment 
        in Iran's energy sector and all exports of refined petroleum 
        resources to Iran; and
            ``(2) persuade, and, where possible, require private 
        entities based in their territories to cease all investment in 
        Iran's energy sector and all exports of refined petroleum 
        resources to Iran.''.
    (b) Sanctions With Respect to the Development of Petroleum 
Resources of Iran and Export of Refined Petroleum Resources to Iran.--
Section 5(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) Sanctions With Respect to the Development of Petroleum 
Resources of Iran.--Except as provided in subsection (f), the President 
shall impose 2 or more of the sanctions described in paragraphs (1) 
through (6) of section 6 if the President determines that a person has, 
with actual knowledge, on or after the date of the enactment of this 
subsection, made an investment of $20,000,000 or more (or any 
combination of investments of at least $5,000,000 each, which in the 
aggregate equals or exceeds $20,000,000 in any 12-month period), that 
directly and significantly contributed to the enhancement of Iran's 
ability to develop petroleum resources of Iran.''.
    (c) Mandatory Sanctions With Respect to Development of Weapons of 
Mass Destruction or Other Military Capabilities.--Section 5(b) of the 
Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(b) Mandatory Sanctions With Respect to Development of Weapons of 
Mass Destruction or Other Military Capabilities.--The President shall 
impose two or more of the sanctions described in paragraphs (1) through 
(6) of section 6 if the President determines that a person has, on or 
after the date of the enactment of the subsection, provided Iran with 
refined petroleum resources, engaged in an activity, including 
production, brokerage, insurance, and tanker delivery services, that 
could contribute to Iran's ability to import refined petroleum 
resources, or exported, transferred, or otherwise provided to Iran any 
goods, services, technology, or other items knowing that the provision 
of such goods, services, technology, or other items would contribute 
materially to the ability of Iran to--
            ``(1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or nuclear 
        weapons or related technologies; or
            ``(2) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and types of 
        advanced conventional weapons.''.
    (d) Sanctions With Respect to Importation or Exportation of Certain 
Goods or Services.--Section 5 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 
U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (c) through (f) as 
        subsections (d) through (g), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(c) Sanctions With Respect to Importation or Exportation of 
Certain Goods or Services.--Except as provided in subsection (g), the 
President shall impose 2 or more of the sanctions described in 
paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 6 if the President determines 
that a person has, on or after the date of the enactment of this 
subsection--
            ``(1) imported, or financed such importation of, any goods 
        or services of Iranian origin, other than Iranian-origin 
        publications and materials imported for news publications or 
        news broadcast dissemination; or
            ``(2) exported to Iran, the Government of Iran, or to any 
        entity owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, or 
        finances such exportation of, any goods or technology, other 
        than goods for humanitarian purposes.'';
            (3) in subsection (a), by striking ``subsection (f)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (g)'';
            (4) in subsection (d), as redesignated by paragraph (1) of 
        this subsection--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``subsections (a) and (b)'' and inserting 
                ``subsections (a), (b), and (c)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``subsection (a) 
                or (b)'' and inserting ``subsection (a), (b), or (c)''; 
                and
            (5) in subsection (g), as redesignated by paragraph (1) of 
        this subsection--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``subsection (a) or (b)'' and inserting 
                ``subsection (a), (b), or (c)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                sentence:
        ``The exceptions specified in this subsection shall not apply 
        to the Iranian state broadcasting system, including Islamic 
        Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).''.
    (e) Additional Sanctions.--Section 6(6) of the Iran Sanctions Act 
of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The President''; and inserting the 
        following new subparagraph:
                    ``(A) In general.--The President''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
                    ``(B) Foreign exchange.--The President shall, under 
                such regulations as the President may prescribe, 
                prohibit any transactions in foreign exchange by the 
                sanctioned person.
                    ``(C) Banking transactions.--The President shall, 
                under such regulations as the President may prescribe, 
                prohibit any transfers of credit or payments between, 
                by, through, or to any financial institution, to the 
                extent that such transfers or payments involve any 
                interest of the sanctioned person.
                    ``(D) Property transactions.--The President shall, 
                under such regulations as the President may prescribe, 
                prohibit any acquisition, holding, withholding, use, 
                transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation, or 
                exportation of, dealing in, or exercising any right, 
                power, or privilege with respect to, or transactions 
                involving, any property in which the sanctioned person 
                has any interest by any person, or with respect to any 
                property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
                States.''.
    (f) Waiver.--Section 9(c) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 
U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
            ``(4) Oversight hearings.--If the President exercises the 
        waiver authority under this subsection, Congress shall, not 
        later than 30 days after receipt of the report under paragraph 
        (1), conduct oversight hearings with respect to the exercise of 
        such waiver authority.''.
    (g) Certain Biannual Reports.--Section 10 of the Iran Sanctions Act 
of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsections:
    ``(d) Biannual Reports on Refined Petroleum Exports to Iran.--Not 
later than six months after the date of the enactment of this 
subsection and every six months thereafter, the President shall 
transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
describing, with respect to the preceding six-month period--
            ``(1) any person that has provided Iran with refined 
        petroleum resources, and the petroleum resources so provided;
            ``(2) any activity, including production, brokerage, 
        insurance, and tanker delivery services, engaged in that could 
        contribute to Iran's ability to import refined petroleum 
        resources;
            ``(3) any person that has provided Iran with goods, 
        services, or technology for refining petroleum, and the goods, 
        services, or technology so provided; and
            ``(4) steps taken by the President to carry out the policy 
        set forth in section 4(g).
    ``(e) Biannual Reports on Political Leadership and Other Individual 
and Business Interests.--Not later than six months after the date of 
the enactment of this subsection and every six months thereafter, the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report that--
            ``(1) lists the top political leadership of Iran, the 
        individuals and corporate entities supporting such political 
        leadership, and the foreign trading partners of such 
        individuals and corporate entities; and
            ``(2) establishes a list of key individuals and commercial 
        entities associated with the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps 
        (IRGC) and the foreign trading partners of the IRGC.''.

SEC. 5. DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY OPTIONS FOR PREVENTING IRAN FROM 
              DEVELOPING OR DEPLOYING A NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAPABILITY.

    (a) Declaration of Policy.--Congress declares that the United 
States is wholly capable, willing, and ready to use military force to 
prevent Iran from obtaining or developing a nuclear weapons capability.
    (b) Development.--As part of a United States policy that uses all 
instruments of national power to prevent the Government of Iran from 
successfully developing nuclear weapons and the means to hold United 
States interests at risk with those weapons, the Secretary of Defense 
shall develop and maintain viable military options to prevent the 
successful development or deployment of a nuclear weapons capability by 
the Government of Iran.
    (c) Report.--Not later than six months after the enactment of this 
Act and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to 
the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate a report describing the 
following regarding military options toward the Government of Iran:
            (1) An update on Iranian nuclear and ballistic missile 
        threat to include all ballistic missile testing conducted, the 
        status of Iran's ability to produce or acquire fissile 
        material, and nuclear stockpile changes in the previous one-
        year period.
            (2) An outline of Department of Defense military options 
        toward the Government of Iran to counter a nuclear ballistic 
        missile threat.
            (3) A readiness update on the status of forces used in the 
        various military options.
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