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# OAR Box 1147 Prepped by Ollie Stewart

Document

Number: 

# 197)IV-E-7 1 Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 4/22/2008 2:42:57

PM Sheet 197 of 242P. 2 

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UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR . MICHIGA N 4810 5 OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N 

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### 193 8 MEMORANDU

M SUBJECT : FROM : TO : Briefing on Genera l Motors ' Onboard Hardwar e

Joh n F . Anderson , Senio r Pro j Standard s Developmen t an d Supp o Publi c Docke t A-87-1 1 jec t Manage r Sji^i''/LmU--^_ ppor t Branc h/

O n Septembe r 16 , 1988 , Mr . Ji mPase k an d Mr . Mik e Lombard o o f Genera l Motor s briefe d EP Aon GM' s evaluatio n o f onboar d refueling hardwar e simila r t o th e simpl e systembuil t b yEPA . EP Arepresentative s wer e myself , Che t France , Pete r Hutchins , Dave Bartu s an

d Pau l Laing . The briefing presente d b yG M i s attached . Durin g ou r discussions , a numbe r o f question s aros e wher e furthe r supporting informatio n wa s neede d t o ai d i n our understanding o f the presentation . A s a resul t a followu p lette r wil l be sen t t o GM . Attachmen t

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## Onboar d Refuelin g Vapo rContro l Syste m Evaluatio n ofEP

A Flowin g Liqui d Sea l

Septembe r16 , 198 8 presente d b

y Michae l S. Lombard o Environmenta l Activitie s Staff Genera l Motor s Corporatio n

• _. m-\ na / • ie\fP. 4

Th e EPA-designe d liqui d sea l onboar d refuelin g contro l syste m wa s evaluate d b

yGenera l Motor s usin g severa l typica l fue l syste m evaluatio n tests . Th e results showed : Liqui d fue l ca n ente rth e vapo rven t lin e i n typica l vehicl e maneuverin g situations . Th e EP A fue l system , whic h doe s no t use tan k vapo rpressur

e controls , ca n generat e abou t 2 0 time s mor e vapo rtha n a fue l syste m wit h tan k

pressure control . EPA's liqui d sea l desig n performe d poorl yi n controllin g partia l tan k fill s durin g SHE D measurements . Fil l qualit yi

s poor . Excessiv

e prematur e shutoff s occur , an d th e desig n is sensitive t o variation s i n fil l conditions .P. 5


## Evaluatio n Procedures EPA : Benc h refuelin g measurements , complet e fill s onl y 

## GM : Benc h refuelin g measurements , complet e an d partia l fill s Vehicl e maneuverin g Hig h temperature/hig h loa d Fil l qualit y Fue l expansio n

cA</APr/M<; i Q/ifi/a «P. 6



## Refuelin g Emission s Measuremen t A t th e tim e o ftesting , ther e wa s n o tes t procedur e wit h whic h t o evaluat e refuelin g emission s contro l performance . Benc h test , caniste rpurge d wit h vacuu m pum p betwee n tests . Results o fmeasurement s wit h EPA-syste m equippe d vehicle : Complet e fill s (10 % t o 95 % nomina l capacityfill ) showe d refuelin g emission s belo w0. 1 gra m pe rgallon . Partia l fill s (10 % t o 50 % nomina l capacityfill ) showe d refuelin g emission s betwee n 0. 4 an d 1. 2 gram s pe rgallon . "Toppin g off " (95 % t o 100 % nomina l capacityfill ) produce d refuelin g emission s betwee n 0. 4 an d 0. 9 gram s pe rgallon .

FA<;/AFOMSL9/16/8 8SHEDH C

g/ga l 1. 3

1.2 1. 1 1. 0 0. 9 0.8 0. 7 0. 6 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 0 

## Measure d Refuelin g Losse s 10 % t o 95 % fill s EP A system , benc h purge d caniste r



### I I §"::::" § -««*****•« 8. 5 RV P 9. 2 RV P 11. 5 RV P

Fil l Rate , gp m 10. 0 10. 0 3. 9 9. 8 5. 3 9. 7 9. 9

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### SHEDHC ,

g/ga l 1. 3

1. 2 1. 1 1

. 9

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. 7

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. 3

. 2

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## Measure d Refuelin g Losses , Partia l Fill s

EP A system , benc h purge d caniste r 9. 2 RV P 9. 8 RV P 11. 5 RV P



### 10 % t o 50 % Fil

l 50 % t o 95 % Fil l 95 % t o 100 % Fil l

T J 0 0P. 9



## Vehicl e Maneuverin g Vehicl e maneuverin g test s evaluate th e abilityofth e fue l system t o kee p liqui d fue l fro m enterin g th e vapo rven t line . Test s includ e variou s in-use drivin g pattern s suc h a s abrup t lan e change

s an d sudde n acceleratio n an d deceleration . Th e EPA-system equippe d vehicl e doe s not contro l liqui d los

s t o th e vapo rven t lin e i n these tests .

CAC/Acr/Mc i Q/ifi/a aP.1 0



## Liqui d Los

s durin g Typica l Vehicl e Maneuverin g Liqui d Los

s i n Fue l Tan k

Vapo rVen t Line , g ( 9 ps i RVP fuel )

Test 1 la p o fcircl e track , 1 la p o f straightawa y Right-han d an d left han d lan e change s 0-80- 0 acceleratio n an d brakin g Retur n t o building s EPA-Syste m Equippe d A-ca r

5 2 11 1 12 6 4 Productio n

A-ca r

0 2 4 0 TOTA L 

### 29 3

CAC/AC*~/I\/1C I o/i<;/n «P.1 1



## Ho t Drivin g unde rLoad Test s are conducted unde rextrem e condition s o fambien t temperatur e an d engin e loa d t o determin e liqui d an d vapo rlos s fro m th e fue l tan k unde rthese conditions . A n EPA-system equippe d vehicl e an d a productio n vehicl e wer e drive n ove rth e sam e routes simultaneously . Th e routes included mountai n an d cit ydrivin g i n Arizona . Th e EPA-system equippe d vehicl e generate d 2 0 times more vapo rtha n a productio n vehicl e wit h a tan k pressur e contro l valve .

FAS/AEC/MS L9/16/8 8

## Liqui d Los s fro m Fue l Tank , g Sout h Mountai n an d Phoeni xCityTraffi c

( 9 ps i RVP fuel ) EPA-Syste m Productio n Productio n Equippe d A-ca rA-ca r A-ca rw/oTPC Vw/TPC V 

### 45 9 23 

### 69 5 30

r A«T/ Ac/~/HilC I Q/1C/Q Q

## Vapo rLos s fro m Fue l Tank , g Sout h Mountai n an d Phoeni xCit yTraffi c ( 9 ps i RVP fuel ) EPA-Syste m Productio n Productio n Equippe d A-ca rA-ca r A-ca rw/oTPC Vw/TPC V 

### 94 7 42 5 136 2 6 3

FAVAEC/MS L9/16/8 8P.1 4


## Fil l Qualit y Fil l qualit ytest s evaluat e ho wfue l system s functio n durin g refuelin g events . Thes e test s determin e fil l qualit yunde ra variet yo frefuelin g conditions , measurin g prematur e shutoff , spitback , consisten t fil l volume , an d othe rfactors . Th e fil l qualit yo fth e EPA-syste m equippe d vehicl e wa s poor . Prematur e shutoff s wer e frequent , spitbac k occurre d wit h hig h volatilit yfuel , an d th e tan k coul d no t b e fuele d a t a gasolin e flo wrat e o f1 2 gallon s pe rminute . Wit h poo rfil l quality , custome rsatisfactio n i s likel yt o b e low , possibl y leadin g t o tamperin g o fth e fue l syste m components .

rAf/»rriMf l OMC/Q QP.1 5


## Fue l Expansio n Th e fue l expansio n test s determin e th e presenc e ofleak s i n fue l system

s du e t o therma l expansio n ofth e fue l whe n th e tan k i s full . Whil e th e vehicl e i

s hel d staticall yat a variet yofattitudes , heat i

s applie d t o th e tank . N o fue l leak

s occurred i n th e EPA-syste m equippe d vehicle .

EAS/AEC/MS L 9/16/8 8' " •- ' •' TM— —•- , r , , . ... . . . . , , -_ ^ ^ P 1 R


## Conclusio n Th e EP A onboard refuelin g contro l system desig n i s inadequat e fo r productio n vehicles .

- Liqui d fue l can ente rth e vapo rven t line .

- Vapo rgeneratio n rates ar e high .

- Refuelin g emissions are hig h wit h partia l fills .

- Fil l qualityi

s poor .

EAS/AEC/MS L 9/16/8 8